Osteologi Umum

dr. Msy Rulan AdnindyaFakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Sriwijaya

Osteologi

“osteon”: tulang

“logos”: ilmu

skeleton: kerangka

Osteologi Ilmu tulang kerangka tubuh

Rangka (skeletal) Tempat menempel otot

mempertahankan sikap dan posisi

TULANG, SENDI dan LIGAMEN

Sistem Rangka

Fungsi:

Penyangga

Pelindung

Penggerak

Penyimpanan mineral

Produksi sel darah

Sistem Rangka

206 buah tulang.

Kerangka tubuh

kerangka axial &

kerangka apendicular

KERANGKA

Axis sumbu tubuh.

a. Columna vertebralis

b. Tulang-tulang

tengkorak

c. Costae

d. Sternum

KERANGKA AXIAL

AXIAL SKELETON

7Osteology Dr MBA

AXIAL SKELETON

8Osteology Dr MBA

Axial Portion (74 bones)◦ Vertebral column

5 sections, 26 bones Cervical: 7 (C1 atlas,

C2 axis) Thoracic: 5 Lumbar: 12 Sacrum Coccyx (tailbone)

Vertebrae

PERBEDAAN TULANG BELAKANG

Sternum- 3

sections

◦ Body: main section

◦ Manubrium: upper

portion

◦ Xiphoid Process:

cartilage

Ribs:, 12 pairs,3 types◦ True: 7 pairs,

connected to sternum by cartilage

◦ False: Next 3 pairs, connected to cartilage of 7th pair than sternum

◦ Floating: Last 2 pairs, attached to vertebral column and not sternum

Hyoid bone: horseshoe shaped bone attached to tongue

Ear: 3 bones in each: hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), stirrup (stapes)

Skull: 22 bones

Melekat pada skeleton

axial.

Terdapat di tungkai

atas dan bawah.

Fungsinya membantu

pergerakan

Kerangka appendikular

126 bones◦ 64 in arms◦ 62 in legs

Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

Bones of the

Appendicula Skeleton

Clavicle

Scapula

Costals (Ribs)

Sternum

Vertebra

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Sternum

ClavicleScapula

Costals (Ribs)

Humerus

VertebraUlna

Radius

Sacrum

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

Femur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Ilium

Ischium

Femur

Fibula

SacrumPubis

Patella

Tibia

Bones of the Hand

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Metacarpels

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Phalanges

Metacarpels

Carpels

Bones of the Hand

Bones of the Foot

Bones of the Foot

Tarsals

Bones of the Foot

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Bones of the Foot

Phalanges

Metatarsals

Tarsals

Kerangka axial-appendicular

Berdasarkan bentuk :• Tulang panjang• Tulang pendek• Tulang pipih• Tulang irregular.

TULANG

• humerus,• radius, ulna,• femur,• tibia, fibula

Tulang panjang

metacarpal, metatarsal bones and phalanges Sesamoid bone

Tulang pendek

Sternum Scapula costa

Tulang pipih

Vertebrae Tulang wajah Tulang panggul

Tulang irregular

Proses pembentukan tulang.

Mekanisme pembentukan tulang :

1. Intramembranous

2. Endrochondral

Ossifikasi

INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATIONRESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE CRANIAL BONES AND THE CLAVICLES.

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATIONRESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF THEBONES BELOW THE SKULL, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE CLAVICLES

A long bone has a shaft, the diaphysis, and two ends,the epiphyses.

Covering a long bone in all area, except the articular surfaces, is periosteum.

GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE

Covering the articular surfaces is articular,or hyaline, cartilage.

Deep to the periosteum is a layer of compact bone; this layer is thicker in the diaphysis than the epiphysis.

GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE

In the diaphysis of the long bone deep to the compact bone is the medullary cavity; in an adult it is full of yellow bone marrow.

The medullary cavity is lined with endosteum.

GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE

In the epiphyses deep to the layer of compact bone is spongy bone.

Between the trabecula of the spongy bone is red bone marrow.

GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE

Pertemuan antara dua atau lebih dari tulang rangka.

Sendi

Berdasarkan struktur:

Sendi Fibrousa = Synarthrosis (tidak ada

kemungkinan gerakan)

Sendi Cartilagenea = Amphiarthrosis

(memungkinkan sedikit gerakan)

Sendi Synoviale = Diarthrosis (gerakan luas)

Synarthrosis

Immovable, Fibrous connective tissue◦ Sutures: zipper like

where bone has fused (skull)

◦ Syndesmosis: greater distance than a suture (radius and ulna)

◦ Gomphosis: peg in a socket (teeth)

• Ligaments hold tooth in bony socket• Immovable joint

enamel

dentin

gum

root of tooth

pulp

Socket of alveolar processPeridontal ligament (membrane)

Dr MBA 62Types of Joint

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable, cartilage◦ Synchondrosis:

temporary in nature (epiphyseal plate)

◦ Symphysis: permanent in nature (pubis symphysis)

Diarthrosis

Freely movable, synovial capsule (lubrication)

merupakan pita jaringan penyambung padat yang tersusun beraturan menyilang sendi dan seringkali membentuk simpai artikular sekitar sendi

LIGAMEN

Terima kasih atas

perhatiannya

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