Osteologi_Umum-MRA
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![Page 1: Osteologi_Umum-MRA](https://reader036.fdokumen.com/reader036/viewer/2022062500/563db843550346aa9a9216c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Osteologi Umum
dr. Msy Rulan AdnindyaFakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Sriwijaya
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Osteologi
“osteon”: tulang
“logos”: ilmu
skeleton: kerangka
Osteologi Ilmu tulang kerangka tubuh
Rangka (skeletal) Tempat menempel otot
mempertahankan sikap dan posisi
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TULANG, SENDI dan LIGAMEN
Sistem Rangka
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Fungsi:
Penyangga
Pelindung
Penggerak
Penyimpanan mineral
Produksi sel darah
Sistem Rangka
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206 buah tulang.
Kerangka tubuh
kerangka axial &
kerangka apendicular
KERANGKA
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Axis sumbu tubuh.
a. Columna vertebralis
b. Tulang-tulang
tengkorak
c. Costae
d. Sternum
KERANGKA AXIAL
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AXIAL SKELETON
7Osteology Dr MBA
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AXIAL SKELETON
8Osteology Dr MBA
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Axial Portion (74 bones)◦ Vertebral column
5 sections, 26 bones Cervical: 7 (C1 atlas,
C2 axis) Thoracic: 5 Lumbar: 12 Sacrum Coccyx (tailbone)
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Vertebrae
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PERBEDAAN TULANG BELAKANG
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Sternum- 3
sections
◦ Body: main section
◦ Manubrium: upper
portion
◦ Xiphoid Process:
cartilage
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Ribs:, 12 pairs,3 types◦ True: 7 pairs,
connected to sternum by cartilage
◦ False: Next 3 pairs, connected to cartilage of 7th pair than sternum
◦ Floating: Last 2 pairs, attached to vertebral column and not sternum
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Hyoid bone: horseshoe shaped bone attached to tongue
Ear: 3 bones in each: hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), stirrup (stapes)
Skull: 22 bones
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Melekat pada skeleton
axial.
Terdapat di tungkai
atas dan bawah.
Fungsinya membantu
pergerakan
Kerangka appendikular
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126 bones◦ 64 in arms◦ 62 in legs
Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges
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Bones of the
Appendicula Skeleton
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Clavicle
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Scapula
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Costals (Ribs)
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Sternum
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Vertebra
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Humerus
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Ulna
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Radius
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Sternum
ClavicleScapula
Costals (Ribs)
Humerus
VertebraUlna
Radius
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Sacrum
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Ilium
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Ischium
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Pubis
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Femur
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Patella
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Tibia
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Fibula
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Ilium
Ischium
Femur
Fibula
SacrumPubis
Patella
Tibia
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Bones of the Hand
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Carpels
Bones of the Hand
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Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
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Phalanges
Metacarpels
Carpels
Bones of the Hand
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Bones of the Foot
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Bones of the Foot
Tarsals
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Bones of the Foot
Metatarsals
Tarsals
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Bones of the Foot
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
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Kerangka axial-appendicular
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Berdasarkan bentuk :• Tulang panjang• Tulang pendek• Tulang pipih• Tulang irregular.
TULANG
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• humerus,• radius, ulna,• femur,• tibia, fibula
Tulang panjang
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metacarpal, metatarsal bones and phalanges Sesamoid bone
Tulang pendek
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Sternum Scapula costa
Tulang pipih
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Vertebrae Tulang wajah Tulang panggul
Tulang irregular
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Proses pembentukan tulang.
Mekanisme pembentukan tulang :
1. Intramembranous
2. Endrochondral
Ossifikasi
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INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATIONRESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE CRANIAL BONES AND THE CLAVICLES.
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ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATIONRESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF THEBONES BELOW THE SKULL, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE CLAVICLES
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A long bone has a shaft, the diaphysis, and two ends,the epiphyses.
Covering a long bone in all area, except the articular surfaces, is periosteum.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
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Covering the articular surfaces is articular,or hyaline, cartilage.
Deep to the periosteum is a layer of compact bone; this layer is thicker in the diaphysis than the epiphysis.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
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In the diaphysis of the long bone deep to the compact bone is the medullary cavity; in an adult it is full of yellow bone marrow.
The medullary cavity is lined with endosteum.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
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In the epiphyses deep to the layer of compact bone is spongy bone.
Between the trabecula of the spongy bone is red bone marrow.
GROSS ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE
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Pertemuan antara dua atau lebih dari tulang rangka.
Sendi
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Berdasarkan struktur:
Sendi Fibrousa = Synarthrosis (tidak ada
kemungkinan gerakan)
Sendi Cartilagenea = Amphiarthrosis
(memungkinkan sedikit gerakan)
Sendi Synoviale = Diarthrosis (gerakan luas)
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Synarthrosis
Immovable, Fibrous connective tissue◦ Sutures: zipper like
where bone has fused (skull)
◦ Syndesmosis: greater distance than a suture (radius and ulna)
◦ Gomphosis: peg in a socket (teeth)
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• Ligaments hold tooth in bony socket• Immovable joint
enamel
dentin
gum
root of tooth
pulp
Socket of alveolar processPeridontal ligament (membrane)
Dr MBA 62Types of Joint
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Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable, cartilage◦ Synchondrosis:
temporary in nature (epiphyseal plate)
◦ Symphysis: permanent in nature (pubis symphysis)
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Diarthrosis
Freely movable, synovial capsule (lubrication)
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merupakan pita jaringan penyambung padat yang tersusun beraturan menyilang sendi dan seringkali membentuk simpai artikular sekitar sendi
LIGAMEN
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