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TAJWID

Chapter 1

Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 1

TAJWID

The Qur’an is the holy book and basic text of Islam. The holy Qur’an is the words of Allah, the almighty, and there fore we should recite it carefully without any mistake. This is why we learn Tajwid. Then, what is Tajwid?

Term Tajwid means enhancement or to make some thing excellent. Technically it means giving every letter its right in reciting Quran.

So, there are some special rules, which should be followed while reciting the holy Qur’an. Whoever doesn’t obey these rules will be a sinner. So, you should know those rules and practice them with the help of your teacher.


These are the main subjects to be studied in Tajwid

رج

مخ

صفات

مد

ة نغ

فخيمت

رقيقت

The point of articulating letter

Attributes of letters

To stretch the letter

Keep the sound in nose for a while

Heaviness of letter

Lightness of letter


LET’S ANSWER

1) Which is the basic text of Islam?

2) What is meant by Tajwid?

3) Which are the major subjects in Tajwid?

ACTIVITIES


MAKHARIJUL HUROOFحروف)

ارج ال

(مخ

Chapter 2


حروف)

ارج ال

(مخMAKHARIJUL HUROOF

We should keep the correct pronunciation of Arabic letters while reciting the holy Qur’an. After studying Makharijul huroof (الحــروف we would be able to pronounce ,(مخــارج the Arabic letters without mistakes. Makharijul huroof (Articulation points) are the places from where the sounds of letters are produced.

Makharijul huroof may be anywhere inside our mouth. Every single letter of the alphabet has a specific articulation point (makhraj). So, every single letter of the alphabet would have a unique sound which is different from another.

There are 17 makharij in total, which lie at five places or parts.



Look at the table given below:

No of lettersNo of makharij The Arabic name

Places of makharij

ق63حل

The throat ال

سان1810 The tongueالل

فتان42 The two lipsالش

وم41

يش

خThe nasal passage (Nasal cavity)

31جوف

ال

The inner part of the mouth (Mouth cavity)


The tongue

The throat

The two lips

The nasal passage

(Nasal cavity)

The inner part of the mouth (Mouth cavity)

Places of makharij

LET’S ANSWER

1) What is Makharijul Huroof?

2) How many Makharij are there in total?

MATCH THE FOLLOWING

1) The throat فتان الش

2) The tongue وم

يش

خ

ال

3) The two lips جوف

4) The nasal passage قحل

ال

5) Mouth cavity سان الل

ACTIVITIES


THROAT LETTERSق

حل

ال

حروف

Chapter 3


THROAT LETTERSق

حل

ال

حروف

Look at the Qur’anic verses given below:

If you notice the examples given above, you can see that some letters are coloured as red. These six letters are called as ‘Throat letters’ (ــق

حل

ال

.(حــروف

The throat has three parts:

1) Aqsaal halq (ــقحل

ال �صــى

ق

.Lowest part of the throat :(أ

The letters from this makhraj are هــــ .ء،

ءعوذ

ل أ

عبد ق

اك ن ــــي إي

وحي إل

ل أ

ق

رىهــهل ت

فهـــم ف

حد إيال

ل هـو اللـه أ

ق

يهمع عل

عـمت

ن

عــين أ

ست

اك ن إي اعون و

ال

عــون

ويمن

جرح

فع ال

لى مط رميهم بحجارة حـت

يــــحــــــض ت

وال

ضوبغغ

ير ال

بغـــي هذه غ

ما ن

غ

بال

ال

ا إال

ين

وما عل

زواجاخم أ

اك

ن

ق

ل

م وخ

سك

ف

ن

م أ

تك

خيف

في دين هللاك

ون

ل

يدخ



2) Wasthul halq (ــقحل

ال

.Middle part of the throat :(وســط

The letters for this makhraj are ح .ع،

3) Adnal halq (ــقحل

ــى ال

دن

.Uppermost part of the throat :(أ

The letters for this makhraj are خ .غ،

Aqsaal halq ق)

حل

�صى ال

ق

(أ

Adnal halq ق)

حل

ى ال

دن(أ

Wasthul halq ق)

حل

ال

(وسط

LET’S ANSWER

1) What are the throat letters (قحل

ال

?(حروف

2) The throat has three parts. What are they?

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1) The letters of Aqsaal halq are _____________

2) The letters of Wasthul halq are _____________

3) The letters of Adnal halq are _____________

ACTIVITIES


TONGUE LETTERS - I

سان الل

حروف

Chapter 4


TONGUE LETTERS - Iسان

الل

حروف

A tongue letter is nothing but a letter that is pronounced by the help of our tongue. There are ten makharij found on the tongue which produce the sound of 18 letters. For convenience, let us discuss about them in two chapters. Now, let’s look at the following Qur’anic verses:


ـــليال

ق

يل إل

ـــــم الل

ق حد

ـــل هو هللا أ

ق ق

اسملــــك الن ى

غ

يط

ل

سان

إن اإلن

ال

ك ك

اداوت

جـــبال أ

وال ا

م سبات

ومك

ا ن

ن

وجــــعل ج

يف اء والصت

الش

ة

فهم رحل

إيال ق

ل

ر ما خ

من ش ش

ين ب بالد

ذ

ذي يك ال

يت

رأ

أ بارها

خ

أ

ث حد

يــومئذ ت ي

يـــــــــــحــــض

ول رية

ق

ال

رب هللا مث

ض ض

اق سبع سموات طباق

ل

خ ر

وث

ك

اك ال

ين

عط

ا أ

إن ط

دبل

ا ال

سم بهذ

ق

أ

ل ده وعد

جمع مال د

ة

امل

ك

رة

ك عش

تل ك عل رب

ف

يف

ر ك

م ت

ل

أ ت


In the table above, did you see some letters are coloured red?. Can you say the specialty of these letters? The sounds of these letters are produced from our tongue. For more clarity, try to pronounce these letters without moving your tongue. Can you do it? Undoubtedly, you can’t!

The general makhraj (articulation point) of these 18 letters is our tongue. However, the tongue has various parts and points as you know. Therefore, different letters of the tongue come from different parts and points on tongue.

Look at the table given below and understand makharij of these letters more accurately:

The root of the tongue approaching part of ق 1

palate

ق A few points above the articulation point of ك 2

Middle of the tongue approaching ج، ش، ي 3,4,5

part of palate.

Either side of the tongue joined with upper ض 6


molar teeth.

Tip of tongue and root of upper ط، د، ت 9 ,8 ,7inc isors .

TONGUE LETTERS – II

سان الل

حروف

Chapter 5


TONGUE LETTERS – IIسان

الل

حروف

Out of 18 letters articulated from the tongue, you studied only nine. Let’s learn about the remaining letters. Here are those letters with examples from the holy Qur’an. You can find them coloured red in examples.


يهم عل

عمت

ن

ذين أ

ال

صــراط ـــمــــــد هللا الــــص ص

هازال

رض زل

ت األ

زل

ل ا ز

إذ

جبيال

ن مزاجها ز

ان

ك ز

ــــــدبــــل

ا ال

ســم بهــــذ

ق

أ

ال م

م بما صبرت

يك

م عل

سال س

ليال

ظ

ــهم ظـــال

دخــــــل

ون ــــبر

ساد في ال

ف

هر ال

ظ ظ

ــــيـن

عالل

ر ل

ذك

هو إال

إن وحيدا

ت

ق

ل

رني ومن خ

ذ ذ

ــــونـــســـــاءل

ـــــم يـــــت

ث ــــر

وث

ــك

اك ال

ين

عط

ا أ

إن ث

رجعونـــيه ت

م وإل

حك

ــه ال

ل ـــد ســـمــــــع هللا

ــــق

ل ل

لـــــيــــــنوـــهلك األ

م ن

ل

أ جرمين

عل بال

ف

لك ن

ذ

ك ن

يهمضوب عل

غ

ـــيـــر ال

غ ـــا

ن ـــل مــــ ب

ق

ـــــا ت

ربن ر


Let’s look from which part of the tongue these letters are articulated.

ص، ز، س 12 ,11 ,10 Sharp tip of tongue and space between upper and lower incisors

Tip of tongue and lower part of upper ظ، ذ، ث 15 ,14 ,13 incisors.

.Tip of tongue and root of upper incisors ل 16

Tip of tongue and root of upper incisors ن 17

(Lower to position of ل)

.Head of tip of tongue and root of lower incisors ر 18

LET’S ANSWER

1) How many letters are articulated from tongue?

2) Mention makharij of ص، ز، س

LET’S FIND OUT

Find out examples for the following letters:

ر ق ل ن ص

ACTIVITIES



ACTIVITY

Point out makharij of the following letters in the diagram given here:

س ن ي ق ك ج

LABIAL LETTERSة وي

ف

الش

حروف

ال

Chapter 6


LABIAL LETTERSة وي

ف

الش

حروف

ال

Let’s notice the below given Qur’anic verses:

What did you find? Open your mouth. Now, try to pronounce the red coloured letters without closing or moving your lips. Definitely, you can’t! Why? It is because that these letters are ‘letters of lip’ and their sounds are articulated from our lips. So, without using lips you can’t pronounce them.

Now, let’s learn how they are articulated from lips


ـــضــلـــيــــــلفــــي ت ك عل رب

ف

يف

ر ك

م ت

ل

أ ف

يها هو مول

ل وجهة

ولك يــــهــــم

رســــل عل

وأ و

ـرميهـم بـــحـجــــارةت بـــــــــــــــســـــــم هللا ب

مـــــسكــــينعام الـــ

ط ــــــــمــــــد هللا الـــص م


.Tip of upper incisors touches middle of lower lip ف

.Both lips touch each other except in middle part وLips form a circular shape.

.Upper lip touches middle of lower lip with force ب

.Both lips touch each other fully م

و بف م

LET’S ANSWER

1) Which are the letters articulated from lips?

2) Mention makhraj of ف?

3) For which letter two lips touch each other fully?

ACTIVITY

Stand in front of a mirror. Try to pronounce the lip letters. Write down your observations in your notebook.

ACTIVITIES



LETTERS OF JAWFجوف

ال

حروف

Chapter 7


LETTERS OF JAWFجوف

ال

حروف

Let’s look at the examples given below:

The red coloured letters in the examples originate from jawf, the empty space in the mouth and throat. These letters are called madd letters. They originate from this non-specific area. From among these letters, the alif is used to stretch the vowel fathah, the wow is used to stretch the vowel dhammah and the ya’ is used to stretch the vowel kasrah.

Jawf is a place and an articulation point (makhraj) at the same time.

امق جاء

ان

ك ــال

ق ا

ومواجاءوا ق وا

ون

ك وا

ول

ق و

مقيم وجيئ وكيل قيـــل ي


LET’S ANSWER

1) Which letter is used to stretch the vowel dhammah?

2) What is meant by the term Jawf?

3) How many letters are used to stretch the vowels

FILL IN THE BLANKS

رمـــ... ح (4 وكـــ ... ل (1

ـــ.... بوا (2بـــ... ر (5 ت

ك

(6 مبــ ... ن (3

... ف

رؤ

ACTIVITIES

(harkath)?


GHUNNAHة

ن

غ

ال

Chapter 8


GHUNNAHة

ن

غ

ال

Look at the Qur’anic verses given below.

Notice the coloured letters in the table given above. They are either م or ن, which have a shadd on them. You should make a voice of Ghunnah (nasal sound) while pronouncing these letters.

ــــونســــاءل

عم يت سد ن م حبل م ول

ك

أ عصف م

ك

روث

ك

اك ال

ين

عط

ا أ

إن اصبة

ن

ة

عامل اس

ة والن

جن

من ال


What is Shadd?

Shadd is formed by bringing together two of the same letter, the first one is sakin (a letter without vowel) and the second one with a vowel, and it is recited with emphasis.

E.g :رب + ب = ربإن + ن = إن

In fact, Ghunnah is not a makhraj (articulation point). It is not a letter also. It is a characteristic of meem and noon which are letters. It is a sound emitted from the nasal passage (وم

يش

without any function of the tongue. So, the ,(خ

‘nasal passage’ is the makhraj of ghunnah, and ghunnah is a sound accompanying the letters meem and noon.

Meem and noon having sukoon would also have a voice of ghunnah in some cases (about which we will study in next chapters).


LET’S ANSWER

1) Which is the makhraj of ghunnah?

..............................................................................................

2) What is meant by وم

يش

? خ

..............................................................................................

3) Write down any example for ghunnah.

..............................................................................................

TRUE OR FALSE

1) Each Arabic letter has a voice of ghunnah.

.is not a letter having a voice of ghunnah ر (2

3) Ghunnah is a nasal sound.

خرة (4اما ن

– عظ

ACTIVITIES

This example contains a voice of

ghunnah.


ACTIVITY

Hold your nose closed and try to pronounce the examples given in this chapter. Write down your observations and findings in your note book.


RULES APPLIED TO NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

ةاكن ون الس

ام الن

حك

أ

وينن

والت

Chapter 9


RULES APPLIED TO NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

وينن

ة والت

اكن ون الس

ام الن

حك

أ

There are four rules of Tajweed applied to noon sakinah and tanween. They are:

These rules would change according to the change occurring in the letters coming after noon sakinah and tanween.

Now let’s know what the noon sakinah and tanween mean?

هار1( إظ

ام2( إدغ

بال

3( إق

اء

ف

4( إخ


Noon sakinah is a noon free from any vowel (ة

It occurs .(حركin the middle of words and at the end of the words. But, it would never occur at the beginning. The noon sakinah can have a sign of sukooon on it or it can be written with no vowel.

The tanween is a term for an extra noon sakinah not used for emphasis, found at the end of the nouns. The noon of the tanween is pronounced but not written.

The sign of tanween is double fathah for the letters having fathah, double kasr for the letters having kasr, and double dhammah for the letters having dhammah.

E.g.:

ب + ن = ب با

ب + ن = ب ب

ب + ن = ب ب


LET’S ANSWER

1) What is noon sakinah?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2) What is tanween?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3) Which are the four rules applied to noon sakinah and tanween?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ACTIVITIES


ITH-HAARهار

اإلظ

Chapter 10


ITH-HAARهار

اإلظ

So far, we have learnt that there are some rules applied to noon sakinah and tanween in general. We also learnt that these rules will be changed according to the letters coming after them.

Now, let’s notice the below given Qur’anic verses:

Try to pronounce the above given Qur’anic verses. Did you notice any uniformity in these examples? You can see that the red coloured letters are throat letters (ــق

حل

ال

,So .(حــروف

when any of these letters )ء، هـــــ، ع، ح، غ، خ) appears after noon sakinah or tanween, make هــار

Ith-haar means to .إظ

pronounce every letter from its articulation point without a ghunnah on the clear letter.

ه ماليهى عن

ن

غ

بابيل ما أ

يرا أ

ط يهم

عل

عــمت

ن

أ

ــاشـــعـــة

غــضون يومئذ خسين

ف مــــن حكيـــم


IDGHAAMام

اإلدغ

Chapter 11


ITH-HAARام

اإلدغ

Idghaam means the insertion or merging of one letter (which have a sukoon) into onother letter (which have harkath/vowel). After the merging, they become a single letter of the second type which has a shadd on it.

Its letters are the letters that form the word ــون )ي، ر يرمل

It means that if one of the following six letters .(م، ل، و، نis at the beginning of a word and the word before it ended in a noon sakinah or a tanween, then the noon merges into the next letter (the letter of ــام

ــام ,Thus .(إدغ

rule for the إدغ

noon sakinah and tanween can only take place between two words and not within a single word.

The idghaam is of two types:

ة (1ن

ام بغ

إدغ

ة (2ن

ير غ

ام بغ

إدغ

Now, let’s learn about both separately.


Look at the table given below:

The red coloured letters form the word . When a reader is reciting the holy Qur’an and there is a noon sakinah or tanween at the end of a word, and the first letter of the next word is one of these four letters, the ام

إدغ

ــة ن rule is then applied. This means that the noon is not بغ

pronounced clearly; instead it is inserted, or merged into the next letter, with the ghunnah.

We have learnt that if a noon sakinah is followed by one of the ــام

,letters within a single word there is no idghaam إدغ

instead we say the noon clearly as in هار.إظ

There are four words in the Qur’an occurred like this (in a single word). They are:

يان ا الد

ن

ي

وان بن

وان صن

قن

Now, look at another group of Qur’anic verses:

ـــــرـــــوث

ك

ــــاك ال

ين

عط

ـــا أ

إن ة

وب يومئذ واجف

ل

ق

ــــبهــــب وت

بـــي ل

يدا أ

ت ب

ـــــا ت

ــــــدن

رق مــن م

ومي )ن، و، م، ي( ن

اضية ة ر

هو في عيشف زة

ل همزة ل

ـــــك

ويل ل


Here, the coloured letters are ل and ر. When one of these letters begins the word that follows one that has a noon sakinah or tanween at the end of it, we then completely merge the noon into the next letter, which is either ل or ر, with no ghunnah. This is ــة ن

غ

ــام بــا

.إدغ


IQLABبالاإلق

Chapter 12


IQLABبالاإلق

Iqlab means “to turn over” or “change”. In Tajweed it is changing of the noon sakinah or tanween into a م , when the letter ب come after it.

Let’s learn it with examples from the holy Qur’an.

من بــــــــــعـــــــــد فس بــــــما ن نــــبـــــت

ت

In the Qur’anic verses given above the noon sakinah and tanween is changed into م because the letter of iqlab (ب) came next to it.


IKHFA’اءفإخ

Chapter 13


IKHFA’اءفإخ

Ikhfa’ means to hide or cover. In Tajweed the term refers to the hiding of one letter behind another.

Let’s look at the following Qur’anic words for more clarity.

قل

ر ما خ

من ش ــــجري

عدن ت ى

زك

من ت

In these Qur’anic words, the red coloured letters came either after noon sakinah or after tanween. These letters are the letters of ikhfa’. They are all letters in Arabic alphabet excluding letters of ith-haar, idghaam and iqlab. These letters are 15 in number and they are:

ض شص س ز ذ د ج تث

ك ق ف ظ ط

If any of these letters came after noon sakinah or tanween, then the noon sound is hidden. Here, the pronunciation is somewhere between ith-haar, idghaam and iqlab, retaining


the ghunnah while hiding behind the following letter. This is called ikhfa’.

COMPARISON BETWEEN IKHFA’ AND IDGHAAM

ikhf’a ikhf’a• Occurs in one word or

between two words.

• No shadd on the letter follows noon sakinah or tanween.

• Always with ghunnah.

• Occurs between two words.

• Shadd is present in case of complete idghaam.

• With ghunnah or without ghunnah according to the type.}


LET’S ANSWER

What are the letters of ith-haar?

There are four words in the Qur’an where noon sakinah and the letters of idghaam occurred within single words. Which are they?

Give an example for iqlab.

ACTIVITY

List the places where rules of noon sakinah and tanween

are applied in Surah ــق .العل

EXERCISES

1)

2)

3)


RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH I

ةاكن يمالس

امال

حك

أ

Chapter 14


RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH I

ةاكن يمالس

امال

حك

أ


ــــــة ثــــــال

زواجــــــا ث

نــــــتــــــــــم أ

1( وك

عيها وت

كرة

ذ

ـــــــــم ت

ك

هــا ل

2( لنجعل

ـــــال مــــــــــث

ه األ

ضربنــــا ل

ال

3( وك

ــــــهــــــــم جـــهــــــــاراـــي دعـــوت

م إن

4( ث

مرة ساهون ذين هم في غ

5( ال

دونل

خ دان م

يهم ول

عل

وف

6( يط

The red coloured letters in the above given table came

next to meem sakinah (the meem that is free from vowel).

As in the examples, when meem sakinah is followed by any

of the Arabic letters, except ب or م , . it has (26 letters)


to be pronounced clearly without ghunnah. It is called ith-

haar.

In the fifth and sixth examples, ف and و came next to

meem sakinah. Here م needs special care for its ith-har to

be perfectly done.There is a possibility of articulating م

with an ikhfa’ before these two letters. These three letters

come from same articulation point.


LET’S ANSWER

How many letters are there in ith-haar?

A special care needs to be taken in these letters. Which are they?

EXERCISES

1)

2)


RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH II

ةاكن يم الس

ام ال

حك

أ

Chapter 15


RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH II

ةاكن يم الس

ام ال

حك

أ

Let’s look at the words Qur’anic verses given below.

رميهم بـــــحجارة2( ت بير

خ

هم بــهم يومئذ ل 1( إن رب

ــــــــةـــــن فـــــــــــــئ م م

4( ك ـــــسبــــــتــــــم

ـــــــــا ك ــــــــم م

ـــــــك

3( ول

In the first and second examples of the above given table,

the red coloured letters are ب and in the third and fourth

examples it is م.

If a meemsakinah is followed immediately by a ب, we

then hide the meem with a sound of ghunnah. This is called

ikhfa’.

Now, if there is a meemsakinah followed immediately by

a م with a vowel in the same word, or between two words,


we are then required to insert the meemsakinah into the

meem with a vowel (harkath), which then acquires a shadd,

resulting in ghunnah, held for two counts. This is called

idghaam.

So, there are three rules applied to meemsakinah. They

are:

هار (1إظ

اء (2

ف

إخ

ام (3إدغ


LET’S ANSWER

How many rules are applied to meemsakinah? Mention them.

When does the rule of ikhfa’ is applied to meemsakinah?

LET’S FIND OUT

Distinguish between the following Qur’anic verses on the basis of their rules applied to meemsakinah (ith-haar, idghaam and ikhfa’).

فس واحدة ن ن م م

ك

قل

خ )1

ين ال الض

يهم وال

ضوب عل

غ

ير ال

غ )2

و معرضونغ

ذين هم عن الل

وال )3

يل ن سج رميهم بحجارة مت )4

EXERCISES

1)

2)

ذين هم يراءونال )5

ؤصدة يهم معل )6

يهم بمصيطرعل )7

ونهم يرزق عند رب )8


TYPES OF IDGHAAM I

امسام اإلدغ

ق

أ

Chapter 16


TYPES OF IDGHAAM I


ق

أ

So far, we have discussed about the rules applied to noon sakinah, tanween and meemsakinah. We also learnt that idghaammay be applied in all these cases.

Now, let’s learn more about idghaam. Here, we discuss the different types of idghaam. So that, we can also understand that from among these different types, which kind of idghaam was applied there?

Let’s look at the Qur’anic words given below.

م )ك + ك(

يدركك بحر)ب + ب( عصاك ال اضربب

وا )د + د(ل

خ دد

وق يه صبـرا )ع + ع(

ــل ستطعع

م ت

ل

)ن + ن(أ

ش

إن ن ــــــــــون )ل +ل(

ـــــــــاف

يــخ

بــــل ال


We have learnt that idghaam is the merging or insertion

of a letter free from vowel (which has sukoon) into the next

letter which has vowel (harkath), and pronouncing it as a

single letter along with shadd.

Now, if you look at the letters on which idghaam took

place in the given examples above, you can see that they

all are same letters. E.g.:

عصاك اضربب

Here, both letters are same – (ب).

As the two letters are the same, they therefore share the

same makhraj (articulation point) and صفــات (about which

we will study later). This type of idghaam is called ــام إدغ

ين There are several .(Idghaam of two identical letters) متماثل

examples for this type in the holy Qur’an.


NOTICE: The letters of madd will not be merged into

anothersame letter, even if they are found together.

E.g.:

وا وهمال

ق في يوم

Here, the letters of maddي and و come together with the

same letters. But, we wouldn’t apply the rule of idghaam on

them.


LET’S ANSWER

What is idghaam?

What is meant by ينام متماثل

?إدغ

ACTIVITY

Find out five examples of ينام متماثل

.from the holy Qur’an إدغ

EXERCISES

1)

2)


TYPES OF IDGHAAM-II


ق

أ

Chapter 17


TYPES OF IDGHAAM-II


ق

أ


ة

ائف

الت ط

وق ت + ط ـــــــا

ـــــــــعن ــب م

ارك ب + م

ــــــــن ــــــبـــــــيد ت

ق د + ت عوهللا ت د

ل

ق

ث

أ ت + د

لكهث ذ

يل ث + ذ بسطت

ئن

ل ط + ت

ــــــمـــمت

لإذ ظ ذ + ظ

Did you notice the examples given above? The letters

where idghaam occurred are given separately.These are

letters with the same makhraj (articulation point) but

having different sifaat (qualities- about which we will study

later). For example:

ت + د

Though they are different letters, they have same


articulation point. Both are labial letters (ســان الل

as(حــروف

we have learnt in previous chapters.

So, if these letters (with the same makhraj but having

different sifaat)found together and the first letter of them

is saakin(letter with no vowel) and the second one has

vowel, then we would apply the rule of idghaam to them.

This kind of idghaam is called متجانســين ــام Idghaam of)إدغ

similar letters).

As you might have understood from the examples, ــام إدغ

جانســين occurred in the holy Qur’an in 7 forms. Among مت

these forms, that in which ط is merged into ت has a

specialty. In this form, there is no complete idghaam (ام إدغ

امــلاقــص) and the idghaam here is incomplete (ك

ن ــام

.(إدغ

Now, look at the Qur’anic verses given below.

م

قكل

خ

م ن

ل

أ م ق + ك

ك ب بل ر ل + ر

Did you notice the examples given above? The letters

where idghaam occurred are given separately. These are the

letters which are near to each other in makhraj(articulation

point) and sifaat (qualities). The first letter of both is saakin

(letter with no vowel-harkath) and next to itis muthaharrik (a


letter with vowel). In this case, the idghaam is compulsory.

This is called اربيــن

قمت ــام

In the Qur’an, there isn’t any .إدغ

form for اربيــن

متق ــام ر into ل except these two (merging إدغ

and merging ق into ك ).


LET’S ANSWER

What is ام متجانسين?إدغ

What is the name of idghaam occurring while merging طinto ت ?

LET’S DISTINGUISH

Distinguish between the following Qur’anic words by mentioning the types of idghaam applied to them

اربين(.

ام متقين، إدغ

ام متماثل

ام متجانسين، إدغ

)إدغ

متمل ظ

إذ )1

وال

خ د د

وق )2

أ

ش

إن ن )3

عنا ب م

ارك )4

م

ك ب بل ر )5

EXERCISES

1)

2)