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TAJWID
The Qur’an is the holy book and basic text of Islam. The holy Qur’an is the words of Allah, the almighty, and there fore we should recite it carefully without any mistake. This is why we learn Tajwid. Then, what is Tajwid?
Term Tajwid means enhancement or to make some thing excellent. Technically it means giving every letter its right in reciting Quran.
So, there are some special rules, which should be followed while reciting the holy Qur’an. Whoever doesn’t obey these rules will be a sinner. So, you should know those rules and practice them with the help of your teacher.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 2
These are the main subjects to be studied in Tajwid
رج
مخ
صفات
مد
ة نغ
فخيمت
رقيقت
The point of articulating letter
Attributes of letters
To stretch the letter
Keep the sound in nose for a while
Heaviness of letter
Lightness of letter
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 3
LET’S ANSWER
1) Which is the basic text of Islam?
2) What is meant by Tajwid?
3) Which are the major subjects in Tajwid?
ACTIVITIES
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 4
حروف)
ارج ال
(مخMAKHARIJUL HUROOF
We should keep the correct pronunciation of Arabic letters while reciting the holy Qur’an. After studying Makharijul huroof (الحــروف we would be able to pronounce ,(مخــارج the Arabic letters without mistakes. Makharijul huroof (Articulation points) are the places from where the sounds of letters are produced.
Makharijul huroof may be anywhere inside our mouth. Every single letter of the alphabet has a specific articulation point (makhraj). So, every single letter of the alphabet would have a unique sound which is different from another.
There are 17 makharij in total, which lie at five places or parts.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 6
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 7
Look at the table given below:
No of lettersNo of makharij The Arabic name
Places of makharij
ق63حل
The throat ال
سان1810 The tongueالل
فتان42 The two lipsالش
وم41
يش
خThe nasal passage (Nasal cavity)
31جوف
ال
The inner part of the mouth (Mouth cavity)
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 8
The tongue
The throat
The two lips
The nasal passage
(Nasal cavity)
The inner part of the mouth (Mouth cavity)
Places of makharij
LET’S ANSWER
1) What is Makharijul Huroof?
2) How many Makharij are there in total?
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1) The throat فتان الش
2) The tongue وم
يش
خ
ال
3) The two lips جوف
4) The nasal passage قحل
ال
5) Mouth cavity سان الل
ACTIVITIES
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 9
THROAT LETTERSق
حل
ال
حروف
Look at the Qur’anic verses given below:
If you notice the examples given above, you can see that some letters are coloured as red. These six letters are called as ‘Throat letters’ (ــق
حل
ال
.(حــروف
The throat has three parts:
1) Aqsaal halq (ــقحل
ال �صــى
ق
.Lowest part of the throat :(أ
The letters from this makhraj are هــــ .ء،
ءعوذ
ل أ
عبد ق
اك ن ــــي إي
وحي إل
ل أ
ق
رىهــهل ت
فهـــم ف
حد إيال
ل هـو اللـه أ
ق
يهمع عل
عـمت
ن
عــين أ
ست
اك ن إي اعون و
ال
عــون
ويمن
جرح
فع ال
لى مط رميهم بحجارة حـت
يــــحــــــض ت
وال
ضوبغغ
ير ال
بغـــي هذه غ
ما ن
غ
بال
ال
ا إال
ين
وما عل
زواجاخم أ
اك
ن
ق
ل
م وخ
سك
ف
ن
م أ
تك
خيف
في دين هللاك
ون
ل
يدخ
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 11
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 12
2) Wasthul halq (ــقحل
ال
.Middle part of the throat :(وســط
The letters for this makhraj are ح .ع،
3) Adnal halq (ــقحل
ــى ال
دن
.Uppermost part of the throat :(أ
The letters for this makhraj are خ .غ،
Aqsaal halq ق)
حل
�صى ال
ق
(أ
Adnal halq ق)
حل
ى ال
دن(أ
Wasthul halq ق)
حل
ال
(وسط
LET’S ANSWER
1) What are the throat letters (قحل
ال
?(حروف
2) The throat has three parts. What are they?
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1) The letters of Aqsaal halq are _____________
2) The letters of Wasthul halq are _____________
3) The letters of Adnal halq are _____________
ACTIVITIES
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 13
TONGUE LETTERS - Iسان
الل
حروف
A tongue letter is nothing but a letter that is pronounced by the help of our tongue. There are ten makharij found on the tongue which produce the sound of 18 letters. For convenience, let us discuss about them in two chapters. Now, let’s look at the following Qur’anic verses:
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 15
ـــليال
ق
يل إل
ـــــم الل
ق حد
ـــل هو هللا أ
ق ق
اسملــــك الن ى
غ
يط
ل
سان
إن اإلن
ال
ك ك
اداوت
جـــبال أ
وال ا
م سبات
ومك
ا ن
ن
وجــــعل ج
يف اء والصت
الش
ة
فهم رحل
إيال ق
ل
ر ما خ
من ش ش
ين ب بالد
ذ
ذي يك ال
يت
رأ
أ بارها
خ
أ
ث حد
يــومئذ ت ي
يـــــــــــحــــض
ول رية
ق
ال
رب هللا مث
ض ض
اق سبع سموات طباق
ل
خ ر
وث
ك
اك ال
ين
عط
ا أ
إن ط
دبل
ا ال
سم بهذ
ق
أ
ل ده وعد
جمع مال د
ة
امل
ك
رة
ك عش
تل ك عل رب
ف
يف
ر ك
م ت
ل
أ ت
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 16
In the table above, did you see some letters are coloured red?. Can you say the specialty of these letters? The sounds of these letters are produced from our tongue. For more clarity, try to pronounce these letters without moving your tongue. Can you do it? Undoubtedly, you can’t!
The general makhraj (articulation point) of these 18 letters is our tongue. However, the tongue has various parts and points as you know. Therefore, different letters of the tongue come from different parts and points on tongue.
Look at the table given below and understand makharij of these letters more accurately:
The root of the tongue approaching part of ق 1
palate
ق A few points above the articulation point of ك 2
Middle of the tongue approaching ج، ش، ي 3,4,5
part of palate.
Either side of the tongue joined with upper ض 6
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 17
molar teeth.
Tip of tongue and root of upper ط، د، ت 9 ,8 ,7inc isors .
TONGUE LETTERS – IIسان
الل
حروف
Out of 18 letters articulated from the tongue, you studied only nine. Let’s learn about the remaining letters. Here are those letters with examples from the holy Qur’an. You can find them coloured red in examples.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 19
يهم عل
عمت
ن
ذين أ
ال
صــراط ـــمــــــد هللا الــــص ص
هازال
رض زل
ت األ
زل
ل ا ز
إذ
جبيال
ن مزاجها ز
ان
ك ز
ــــــدبــــل
ا ال
ســم بهــــذ
ق
أ
ال م
م بما صبرت
يك
م عل
سال س
ليال
ظ
ــهم ظـــال
دخــــــل
ون ــــبر
ساد في ال
ف
هر ال
ظ ظ
ــــيـن
عالل
ر ل
ذك
هو إال
إن وحيدا
ت
ق
ل
رني ومن خ
ذ ذ
ــــونـــســـــاءل
ـــــم يـــــت
ث ــــر
وث
ــك
اك ال
ين
عط
ا أ
إن ث
رجعونـــيه ت
م وإل
حك
ــه ال
ل ـــد ســـمــــــع هللا
ــــق
ل ل
لـــــيــــــنوـــهلك األ
م ن
ل
أ جرمين
عل بال
ف
لك ن
ذ
ك ن
يهمضوب عل
غ
ـــيـــر ال
غ ـــا
ن ـــل مــــ ب
ق
ـــــا ت
ربن ر
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 20
Let’s look from which part of the tongue these letters are articulated.
ص، ز، س 12 ,11 ,10 Sharp tip of tongue and space between upper and lower incisors
Tip of tongue and lower part of upper ظ، ذ، ث 15 ,14 ,13 incisors.
.Tip of tongue and root of upper incisors ل 16
Tip of tongue and root of upper incisors ن 17
(Lower to position of ل)
.Head of tip of tongue and root of lower incisors ر 18
LET’S ANSWER
1) How many letters are articulated from tongue?
2) Mention makharij of ص، ز، س
LET’S FIND OUT
Find out examples for the following letters:
ر ق ل ن ص
ACTIVITIES
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 21
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 22
ACTIVITY
Point out makharij of the following letters in the diagram given here:
س ن ي ق ك ج
LABIAL LETTERSة وي
ف
الش
حروف
ال
Let’s notice the below given Qur’anic verses:
What did you find? Open your mouth. Now, try to pronounce the red coloured letters without closing or moving your lips. Definitely, you can’t! Why? It is because that these letters are ‘letters of lip’ and their sounds are articulated from our lips. So, without using lips you can’t pronounce them.
Now, let’s learn how they are articulated from lips
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 22
ـــضــلـــيــــــلفــــي ت ك عل رب
ف
يف
ر ك
م ت
ل
أ ف
يها هو مول
ل وجهة
ولك يــــهــــم
رســــل عل
وأ و
ـرميهـم بـــحـجــــارةت بـــــــــــــــســـــــم هللا ب
مـــــسكــــينعام الـــ
ط ــــــــمــــــد هللا الـــص م
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 23
.Tip of upper incisors touches middle of lower lip ف
.Both lips touch each other except in middle part وLips form a circular shape.
.Upper lip touches middle of lower lip with force ب
.Both lips touch each other fully م
و بف م
LET’S ANSWER
1) Which are the letters articulated from lips?
2) Mention makhraj of ف?
3) For which letter two lips touch each other fully?
ACTIVITY
Stand in front of a mirror. Try to pronounce the lip letters. Write down your observations in your notebook.
ACTIVITIES
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 24
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 26
LETTERS OF JAWFجوف
ال
حروف
Let’s look at the examples given below:
The red coloured letters in the examples originate from jawf, the empty space in the mouth and throat. These letters are called madd letters. They originate from this non-specific area. From among these letters, the alif is used to stretch the vowel fathah, the wow is used to stretch the vowel dhammah and the ya’ is used to stretch the vowel kasrah.
Jawf is a place and an articulation point (makhraj) at the same time.
امق جاء
ان
ك ــال
ق ا
ومواجاءوا ق وا
ون
ك وا
ول
ق و
مقيم وجيئ وكيل قيـــل ي
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 27
LET’S ANSWER
1) Which letter is used to stretch the vowel dhammah?
2) What is meant by the term Jawf?
3) How many letters are used to stretch the vowels
FILL IN THE BLANKS
رمـــ... ح (4 وكـــ ... ل (1
ـــ.... بوا (2بـــ... ر (5 ت
ك
(6 مبــ ... ن (3
... ف
رؤ
ACTIVITIES
(harkath)?
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 29
GHUNNAHة
ن
غ
ال
Look at the Qur’anic verses given below.
Notice the coloured letters in the table given above. They are either م or ن, which have a shadd on them. You should make a voice of Ghunnah (nasal sound) while pronouncing these letters.
ــــونســــاءل
عم يت سد ن م حبل م ول
ك
أ عصف م
ك
روث
ك
اك ال
ين
عط
ا أ
إن اصبة
ن
ة
عامل اس
ة والن
جن
من ال
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 30
What is Shadd?
Shadd is formed by bringing together two of the same letter, the first one is sakin (a letter without vowel) and the second one with a vowel, and it is recited with emphasis.
E.g :رب + ب = ربإن + ن = إن
In fact, Ghunnah is not a makhraj (articulation point). It is not a letter also. It is a characteristic of meem and noon which are letters. It is a sound emitted from the nasal passage (وم
يش
without any function of the tongue. So, the ,(خ
‘nasal passage’ is the makhraj of ghunnah, and ghunnah is a sound accompanying the letters meem and noon.
Meem and noon having sukoon would also have a voice of ghunnah in some cases (about which we will study in next chapters).
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 31
LET’S ANSWER
1) Which is the makhraj of ghunnah?
..............................................................................................
2) What is meant by وم
يش
? خ
..............................................................................................
3) Write down any example for ghunnah.
..............................................................................................
TRUE OR FALSE
1) Each Arabic letter has a voice of ghunnah.
.is not a letter having a voice of ghunnah ر (2
3) Ghunnah is a nasal sound.
خرة (4اما ن
– عظ
ACTIVITIES
This example contains a voice of
ghunnah.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 32
ACTIVITY
Hold your nose closed and try to pronounce the examples given in this chapter. Write down your observations and findings in your note book.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 33
RULES APPLIED TO NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN
ةاكن ون الس
ام الن
حك
أ
وينن
والت
Chapter 9
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 34
RULES APPLIED TO NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN
وينن
ة والت
اكن ون الس
ام الن
حك
أ
There are four rules of Tajweed applied to noon sakinah and tanween. They are:
These rules would change according to the change occurring in the letters coming after noon sakinah and tanween.
Now let’s know what the noon sakinah and tanween mean?
هار1( إظ
ام2( إدغ
بال
3( إق
اء
ف
4( إخ
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 35
Noon sakinah is a noon free from any vowel (ة
It occurs .(حركin the middle of words and at the end of the words. But, it would never occur at the beginning. The noon sakinah can have a sign of sukooon on it or it can be written with no vowel.
The tanween is a term for an extra noon sakinah not used for emphasis, found at the end of the nouns. The noon of the tanween is pronounced but not written.
The sign of tanween is double fathah for the letters having fathah, double kasr for the letters having kasr, and double dhammah for the letters having dhammah.
E.g.:
ب + ن = ب با
ب + ن = ب ب
ب + ن = ب ب
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 36
LET’S ANSWER
1) What is noon sakinah?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) What is tanween?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) Which are the four rules applied to noon sakinah and tanween?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACTIVITIES
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 38
ITH-HAARهار
اإلظ
So far, we have learnt that there are some rules applied to noon sakinah and tanween in general. We also learnt that these rules will be changed according to the letters coming after them.
Now, let’s notice the below given Qur’anic verses:
Try to pronounce the above given Qur’anic verses. Did you notice any uniformity in these examples? You can see that the red coloured letters are throat letters (ــق
حل
ال
,So .(حــروف
when any of these letters )ء، هـــــ، ع، ح، غ، خ) appears after noon sakinah or tanween, make هــار
Ith-haar means to .إظ
pronounce every letter from its articulation point without a ghunnah on the clear letter.
ه ماليهى عن
ن
غ
بابيل ما أ
يرا أ
ط يهم
عل
عــمت
ن
أ
ــاشـــعـــة
غــضون يومئذ خسين
ف مــــن حكيـــم
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 40
ITH-HAARام
اإلدغ
Idghaam means the insertion or merging of one letter (which have a sukoon) into onother letter (which have harkath/vowel). After the merging, they become a single letter of the second type which has a shadd on it.
Its letters are the letters that form the word ــون )ي، ر يرمل
It means that if one of the following six letters .(م، ل، و، نis at the beginning of a word and the word before it ended in a noon sakinah or a tanween, then the noon merges into the next letter (the letter of ــام
ــام ,Thus .(إدغ
rule for the إدغ
noon sakinah and tanween can only take place between two words and not within a single word.
The idghaam is of two types:
ة (1ن
ام بغ
إدغ
ة (2ن
ير غ
ام بغ
إدغ
Now, let’s learn about both separately.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 41
Look at the table given below:
The red coloured letters form the word . When a reader is reciting the holy Qur’an and there is a noon sakinah or tanween at the end of a word, and the first letter of the next word is one of these four letters, the ام
إدغ
ــة ن rule is then applied. This means that the noon is not بغ
pronounced clearly; instead it is inserted, or merged into the next letter, with the ghunnah.
We have learnt that if a noon sakinah is followed by one of the ــام
,letters within a single word there is no idghaam إدغ
instead we say the noon clearly as in هار.إظ
There are four words in the Qur’an occurred like this (in a single word). They are:
يان ا الد
ن
ي
وان بن
وان صن
قن
Now, look at another group of Qur’anic verses:
ـــــرـــــوث
ك
ــــاك ال
ين
عط
ـــا أ
إن ة
وب يومئذ واجف
ل
ق
ــــبهــــب وت
بـــي ل
يدا أ
ت ب
ـــــا ت
ــــــدن
رق مــن م
ومي )ن، و، م، ي( ن
اضية ة ر
هو في عيشف زة
ل همزة ل
ـــــك
ويل ل
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 42
Here, the coloured letters are ل and ر. When one of these letters begins the word that follows one that has a noon sakinah or tanween at the end of it, we then completely merge the noon into the next letter, which is either ل or ر, with no ghunnah. This is ــة ن
غ
ــام بــا
.إدغ
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 44
IQLABبالاإلق
Iqlab means “to turn over” or “change”. In Tajweed it is changing of the noon sakinah or tanween into a م , when the letter ب come after it.
Let’s learn it with examples from the holy Qur’an.
من بــــــــــعـــــــــد فس بــــــما ن نــــبـــــت
ت
In the Qur’anic verses given above the noon sakinah and tanween is changed into م because the letter of iqlab (ب) came next to it.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 46
IKHFA’اءفإخ
Ikhfa’ means to hide or cover. In Tajweed the term refers to the hiding of one letter behind another.
Let’s look at the following Qur’anic words for more clarity.
قل
ر ما خ
من ش ــــجري
عدن ت ى
زك
من ت
In these Qur’anic words, the red coloured letters came either after noon sakinah or after tanween. These letters are the letters of ikhfa’. They are all letters in Arabic alphabet excluding letters of ith-haar, idghaam and iqlab. These letters are 15 in number and they are:
ض شص س ز ذ د ج تث
ك ق ف ظ ط
If any of these letters came after noon sakinah or tanween, then the noon sound is hidden. Here, the pronunciation is somewhere between ith-haar, idghaam and iqlab, retaining
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 47
the ghunnah while hiding behind the following letter. This is called ikhfa’.
COMPARISON BETWEEN IKHFA’ AND IDGHAAM
ikhf’a ikhf’a• Occurs in one word or
between two words.
• No shadd on the letter follows noon sakinah or tanween.
• Always with ghunnah.
• Occurs between two words.
• Shadd is present in case of complete idghaam.
• With ghunnah or without ghunnah according to the type.}
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 48
LET’S ANSWER
What are the letters of ith-haar?
There are four words in the Qur’an where noon sakinah and the letters of idghaam occurred within single words. Which are they?
Give an example for iqlab.
ACTIVITY
List the places where rules of noon sakinah and tanween
are applied in Surah ــق .العل
EXERCISES
1)
2)
3)
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 50
RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH I
ةاكن يمالس
امال
حك
أ
Look at the Qur’anic verses given below.
ــــــة ثــــــال
زواجــــــا ث
نــــــتــــــــــم أ
1( وك
عيها وت
كرة
ذ
ـــــــــم ت
ك
هــا ل
2( لنجعل
ـــــال مــــــــــث
ه األ
ضربنــــا ل
ال
3( وك
ــــــهــــــــم جـــهــــــــاراـــي دعـــوت
م إن
4( ث
مرة ساهون ذين هم في غ
5( ال
دونل
خ دان م
يهم ول
عل
وف
6( يط
The red coloured letters in the above given table came
next to meem sakinah (the meem that is free from vowel).
As in the examples, when meem sakinah is followed by any
of the Arabic letters, except ب or م , . it has (26 letters)
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 51
to be pronounced clearly without ghunnah. It is called ith-
haar.
In the fifth and sixth examples, ف and و came next to
meem sakinah. Here م needs special care for its ith-har to
be perfectly done.There is a possibility of articulating م
with an ikhfa’ before these two letters. These three letters
come from same articulation point.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 52
LET’S ANSWER
How many letters are there in ith-haar?
A special care needs to be taken in these letters. Which are they?
EXERCISES
1)
2)
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 54
RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH II
ةاكن يم الس
ام ال
حك
أ
Let’s look at the words Qur’anic verses given below.
رميهم بـــــحجارة2( ت بير
خ
هم بــهم يومئذ ل 1( إن رب
ــــــــةـــــن فـــــــــــــئ م م
4( ك ـــــسبــــــتــــــم
ـــــــــا ك ــــــــم م
ـــــــك
3( ول
In the first and second examples of the above given table,
the red coloured letters are ب and in the third and fourth
examples it is م.
If a meemsakinah is followed immediately by a ب, we
then hide the meem with a sound of ghunnah. This is called
ikhfa’.
Now, if there is a meemsakinah followed immediately by
a م with a vowel in the same word, or between two words,
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 55
we are then required to insert the meemsakinah into the
meem with a vowel (harkath), which then acquires a shadd,
resulting in ghunnah, held for two counts. This is called
idghaam.
So, there are three rules applied to meemsakinah. They
are:
هار (1إظ
اء (2
ف
إخ
ام (3إدغ
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 56
LET’S ANSWER
How many rules are applied to meemsakinah? Mention them.
When does the rule of ikhfa’ is applied to meemsakinah?
LET’S FIND OUT
Distinguish between the following Qur’anic verses on the basis of their rules applied to meemsakinah (ith-haar, idghaam and ikhfa’).
فس واحدة ن ن م م
ك
قل
خ )1
ين ال الض
يهم وال
ضوب عل
غ
ير ال
غ )2
و معرضونغ
ذين هم عن الل
وال )3
يل ن سج رميهم بحجارة مت )4
EXERCISES
1)
2)
ذين هم يراءونال )5
ؤصدة يهم معل )6
يهم بمصيطرعل )7
ونهم يرزق عند رب )8
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 58
TYPES OF IDGHAAM I
امسام اإلدغ
ق
أ
So far, we have discussed about the rules applied to noon sakinah, tanween and meemsakinah. We also learnt that idghaammay be applied in all these cases.
Now, let’s learn more about idghaam. Here, we discuss the different types of idghaam. So that, we can also understand that from among these different types, which kind of idghaam was applied there?
Let’s look at the Qur’anic words given below.
م )ك + ك(
يدركك بحر)ب + ب( عصاك ال اضربب
وا )د + د(ل
خ دد
وق يه صبـرا )ع + ع(
ــل ستطعع
م ت
ل
)ن + ن(أ
ش
إن ن ــــــــــون )ل +ل(
ـــــــــاف
يــخ
بــــل ال
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 59
We have learnt that idghaam is the merging or insertion
of a letter free from vowel (which has sukoon) into the next
letter which has vowel (harkath), and pronouncing it as a
single letter along with shadd.
Now, if you look at the letters on which idghaam took
place in the given examples above, you can see that they
all are same letters. E.g.:
عصاك اضربب
Here, both letters are same – (ب).
As the two letters are the same, they therefore share the
same makhraj (articulation point) and صفــات (about which
we will study later). This type of idghaam is called ــام إدغ
ين There are several .(Idghaam of two identical letters) متماثل
examples for this type in the holy Qur’an.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 60
NOTICE: The letters of madd will not be merged into
anothersame letter, even if they are found together.
E.g.:
وا وهمال
ق في يوم
Here, the letters of maddي and و come together with the
same letters. But, we wouldn’t apply the rule of idghaam on
them.
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 61
LET’S ANSWER
What is idghaam?
What is meant by ينام متماثل
?إدغ
ACTIVITY
Find out five examples of ينام متماثل
.from the holy Qur’an إدغ
EXERCISES
1)
2)
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 63
TYPES OF IDGHAAM-II
امسام اإلدغ
ق
أ
Look at the Qur’anic verses given below.
ة
ائف
الت ط
وق ت + ط ـــــــا
ـــــــــعن ــب م
ارك ب + م
ــــــــن ــــــبـــــــيد ت
ق د + ت عوهللا ت د
ل
ق
ث
أ ت + د
لكهث ذ
يل ث + ذ بسطت
ئن
ل ط + ت
ــــــمـــمت
لإذ ظ ذ + ظ
Did you notice the examples given above? The letters
where idghaam occurred are given separately.These are
letters with the same makhraj (articulation point) but
having different sifaat (qualities- about which we will study
later). For example:
ت + د
Though they are different letters, they have same
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 64
articulation point. Both are labial letters (ســان الل
as(حــروف
we have learnt in previous chapters.
So, if these letters (with the same makhraj but having
different sifaat)found together and the first letter of them
is saakin(letter with no vowel) and the second one has
vowel, then we would apply the rule of idghaam to them.
This kind of idghaam is called متجانســين ــام Idghaam of)إدغ
similar letters).
As you might have understood from the examples, ــام إدغ
جانســين occurred in the holy Qur’an in 7 forms. Among مت
these forms, that in which ط is merged into ت has a
specialty. In this form, there is no complete idghaam (ام إدغ
امــلاقــص) and the idghaam here is incomplete (ك
ن ــام
.(إدغ
Now, look at the Qur’anic verses given below.
م
قكل
خ
م ن
ل
أ م ق + ك
ك ب بل ر ل + ر
Did you notice the examples given above? The letters
where idghaam occurred are given separately. These are the
letters which are near to each other in makhraj(articulation
point) and sifaat (qualities). The first letter of both is saakin
(letter with no vowel-harkath) and next to itis muthaharrik (a
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 65
letter with vowel). In this case, the idghaam is compulsory.
This is called اربيــن
قمت ــام
In the Qur’an, there isn’t any .إدغ
form for اربيــن
متق ــام ر into ل except these two (merging إدغ
and merging ق into ك ).
Wings of wisdom - Level TwoTAJWID 66
LET’S ANSWER
What is ام متجانسين?إدغ
What is the name of idghaam occurring while merging طinto ت ?
LET’S DISTINGUISH
Distinguish between the following Qur’anic words by mentioning the types of idghaam applied to them
اربين(.
ام متقين، إدغ
ام متماثل
ام متجانسين، إدغ
)إدغ
متمل ظ
إذ )1
وال
خ د د
وق )2
أ
ش
إن ن )3
عنا ب م
ارك )4
م
ك ب بل ر )5
EXERCISES
1)
2)