ABSORPTION, SOUNDNESS AND SALINITY INDEX OF
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS OF CHETUPHON
TEMPLE,
SUKHOTHAI WORLD HERITAGE CULTURE
By
Thithana Jarernwatthanaporn 54010603
Panupan Putthangkoon 54010990 Supawat Fungthammasarn 54011296
Advisor; Miss Uba Sirikaew
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Statement of the problem
Historical site
effected by
tourists;
- Impact
Load
- Sweat from Touching
What about ware and toughness of construction materials ?
1.2 Objectives
1.2.1 Determine water absorption, soundness of rocks
1.2.2 Test on salinity effected rocks samples
1.3 Scope of Study
2 kind of rocks include 1.slate 2.laterite
Laterite Slate
1.4 Benefits
1) Understand the physical properties of
construction materials, related to their
physical and mechanical weathering.
2) Determine the factors destroyed the
building stone at Chetupon Temple of
Sukhothai World Heritage Site
3) Collaborate knowledge to people to maintain and preserve the Ancient Sites
2.2 Engineering Properties of Slate and Laterite 2.2.1Slate is a metamorphic rock derived from original
shale-type. It’s very fine-grained and will form smooth flat
sheet of stone which have long been used for roofing and floor
tiles and other purposes
Slate property
1.Resistant to acid.
2.Durable.
3.Nonflammable and Each fire.
4.Natural Materials and non-Environment impact
5.Poorly moisture absorption
2.2.2 Laterite is a natural material rich in iron and
aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical area. It
develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of
the underlying parent rock. In History, laterite was
used in construction.
Laterite property
Laterite is soft while it is below the ground and it
gradually hardens when it exposure to air.
Not swell in water
2.3 Existing Research on Tourist Impact to Heritage Sites - At Petra, Jordan; In 2006 Tom Paradise, Visitor Impact of Petra’s
stones. the wall of stone has impacted by tourists’ leaning, touching by
sweating hand, rubbing and propping their feet against the wall.
- In 2010, Noushine Shahidzadeh Bonn, Francois Bertrand and
Daniel Bonn investigate the origins of salt damage in sandstones.
Picture a. Salt crystals in space/Picture b. Salt crystals grow at 4 times
3. METHOD OF STUDY
3.1 Evaluation of Testing Condition
1)Use the climate from the record of Sukhothai Station, Thai
Meteorological Department
2) Human Sweat from Sodium Chloride(NaCl) general called
salt or Halide that is chemical compounds. Nacl make The ocean salty and important for organism
3.2 Testing Methods; Soundness, Water Absorption
and Solution Salinity obtained from samples
Based on ASTM C88 & C373
Salinity Solution
measured by Portable
Salinity Meter
(Saliity AZ8371 ppt unit)
3.3 Number of Tested Sample
• Representative Samples obtained from the places;
Floor, Stair, Windows, etc
• Rock at Quarry; about 30 samples
• Rock at the heritage site; use non-destructive method;
Schmidt Hammer
3.4 Schedule
Activity Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan15 Feb15
1.Study related researchs xx x xx xxx xx
2.Laboratory, Calibration, Testing xx xx xxxx
3.Presentation English Pcractice x x x xx
4.Sampling, Field Work xx xxxx x
5. Report Writing & Correction xx xxxx xxx
6.Presentation & Report Submitting x x x
http://www.su.ac.th/sukhothai/Sukhothai/html_south/sukhothai_thai_about_south_04.html
https://www.facebook.com/103154243175597/photos/a.1671132134463
66.1073741837.103154243175597/167113276779693/?type=3&theater
https://sites.google.com/site/historicalpark/Home/xuthyan-prawatisastr-
sukhothay/sthan-thi-na-snci-nxk-kaphaeng-meuxng-dan-ti/wad-che-tu-
phn
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%
E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9E%
E0%B8%99
http://www.sukhothai.go.th/tour/tour_01.htm
4. REFERENCES
http://www.aksorn.com/lib/detail_print.php?topicid=768 http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ศิลาแลง
http://secondsci.ipst.ac.th/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45:2010-10-18-08-52-00&catid=19:2009-05-04-05-01-
56&Itemid=34
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/หินแปร
http://www.myfirstbrain.com/student_view.aspx?ID=6408
http://www.lepm.net/tiles/slate/roofing.html http://deaw12.exteen.com/20080824/slate
http://abacco.co.th/th/หินชนวน