Download - PATHANAMTHITTA - Department of Town & Country Planning

DISTRICT URBANISATION REPORT

PATHANAMTHITTA

DEPARTMENT OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING - GOVERNMENT OF KERALA

January 2011

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PREFACE >>

PREFACE

Planning is a prerequisite for effective development. Development becomes comprehensivewhen growth centres are identified considering physical, social and economic variables of an area inan integrated manner. This indicates that planning of villages and towns are to be complementary.Second Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) while interpreting the article 243 ZD of theConstitution of India states as follows. “This, in other words, means that the development needs ofthe rural and urban areas should be dealt with in an integrated manner and, therefore, the districtplan, which is a plan for a large area consisting of villages and towns, should take into account suchfactors as ‘spatial planning’, sharing of ‘physical and natural resources’, integrated development ofinfrastructure’ and ‘environmental conservation’. All these are important, because the relationshipbetween villages and towns is complementary. One needs the other. Many functions that the townsperform as seats of industry, trade and business and as providers of various services, including highereducation, specialized health care services, communication etc have an impact on the developmentand welfare of rural people. Similarly, the orderly growth of the urban centre is dependent on thekind of organic linkage it establishes with its rural hinterland”. Therefore a move of harmonizingurban and rural centres of an area can be said as a move of planned urbanisation of the area.

In this context, it is relevant to mention the 74th Amendment Act of the Constitution of India,which mandated the District Planning Committee to prepare a draft development plan for the district.As per Article 243 ZD of the Constitution, the District Planning Committee (DPC) shall consolidatePanchayat/Municipality Plans in the district and prepare draft development plan for the district as awhole. The Constitution also specifies that while preparing draft development plan due regard shallbe given to matters of common interest between panchayats and municipalities including spatialplanning, sharing of water and other physical and natural resources, the integrated development ofinfrastructure and environmental conservation. In this respect, the district of Kollam has conductedan important experiment of preparation of an Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP) for thedistrict. Through preparation of IDDP, the District Planning Committee of Kollam has become the firstever DPC in the country to own a District Development Plan as envisaged by the Constitution. Thispath-breaking venture has become a model in participatory district planning in a spatial platform. ThePlan was released during the international conference on district planning held at Kollam in August2009. The Plan is now sanctioned by Government of Kerala. As per G.O (Rt) 354/04/LSGD dated 01.02.07,the State Government have extended the project to the remaining districts in the state and the districtsof Alappuzha, Thrissur, Idukki, Palakkad and Wayanad were selected for extending the project in thefirst phase. However, even in these districts, preparation of IDDP is yet to be completed.

Preparation of such a plan will surely need decisions and commitment at various levels due tothe multiplicity of agencies involved and the vast spectrum of aspects to be addressed. However,delay in planning shall not affect development. Hence a step by step approach may be adopted inplanning. Therefore, the Department of Town and Country Planning evolved a sequence of planpreparation at district level, involving District Urbanisation Report (DUR), District Spatial Plan (DSP)and Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP).

The District Urbanisation Report defines the future spatial structure of a district, which isformulated by integrating hierarchy and activity pattern of urban and rural settlements and theconnectivity between them. The spatial structure of a district will act as a frame for the orderlydevelopment of urban centres and their rural hinterland subsequently leading to a plannedurbanisation.

The District Spatial Plan is a synergistic form of the District Urbanisation Report, since as a plan

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it is congruent to a single unified physical design for the district through setting development goalsand objectives and formulating the development concept of the district. DSP will frame the generalpolicies and strategies and streamline directions of development of the district. The DevelopmentDirectives of DSP is carved in the spatial platform through the synthesis of findings of the analysis overthe spatial structure based on secondary sources of data. But it lacks the resource studies as co-ordination of various agencies remain as an uphill task.

The Integrated District Development Plan can be termed as the highest echelon of this seriesand manifest all features of the draft district development plan as envisaged in Article 243ZD of theConstitution of India. Democratisation of planning and translation of sectoral policies into spatialplans are the paramount qualities of IDDP as against DSP. IDDP comprises of two components; aPerspective Plan for 15-20 years and an Execution Plan for 5 years.

As said earlier, IDDP for Kollam District is already prepared under the leadership of the DistrictPlanning Committee, Kollam with the involvement of all the Local Governments in the district andSpecial Technical Advisory Committee for IDDP. The Department of Town and Country Planning gavetechnical support for Plan preparation besides coordinating the entire process in the role of nodalagency.

Now, the Department has prepared District Spatial Plans for the districts of Thrissur and Palakkadand District Urbanisation Reports for the districts of Thiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha,Kottayam, Ernakulam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kozhikkode, Wayanad, Kannur and Kasaragod. The DistrictUrbanisation Report for Pathanamthitta is one among the series.

I take this opportunity to appreciate the officials of the Pathanamthitta District Office of theDepartment, headed by Smt. K.S. Girija in the preparation of this document. The State Project Cell forLDP-IDDP-SPP played anchor role in this regard, right from conceptualisation to shaping the end product.The toolkits and customised computer applications developed by the State Project Cell has enabledthe district offices to accomplish the task in a time bound manner. I also appreciate the consistentefforts of Sri. Jacob Easow, Senior Town Planner, Smt.Ushakumari.P.R, Town Planner, Sri. Baiju.K, DeputyTown Planner and other officials of the State Project Cell for design of the programme of DistrictUrbanisation Repotrs as well as for their efforts in vetting and finalising the District UrbanisationReport for Pathanamthitta.

This is a first step on the ladder leading to the draft development plan for the district as laiddown in the Constitution. It is hoped that the district of Pathanamthitta will further extend the DistrictUrbanisation Report into Integrated District Development Plan for the district.

Certainly, the District Urbanisation Report for Pathanamthitta will provide a framework fordevelopment as well as future planning of the district.

Thiruvananthapuram EAPEN VARUGHESE

11-02-2011 Chief Town Planner

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The District Urbanization Report, Pathanamthitta was prepared along with that of other thirteendistricts in the state as part of preparation of Spatial Development Plan for Kerala.

Sri.S.M.Vijayanand, Additional Chief Secretary, LSGD spent his very valuable time to review theprogress of this work and to give necessary guidance. I acknowledge, with sincere thanks, the co-operation and guidance of the Additional Chief Secretary.

I acknowledge, with sincere thanks, the guidance, motivation and supports given by Sri.EapenVarughese, Chief Town Planner, Department of Town and Country Plannng for preparation of thisreport.

This report was a joint effort of the district office and head office. The State Project Cell incharge of this work performed exemplary efforts in properly guiding the district team, impartingtraining to them and monitoring the progress of the work. I, hereby, acknowledge with thanks, thesincere attempts of the state level team headed by Sri. Jacob Easow, Senior Town Planner. I alsoacknowledge the valuable contributions rendered by, Smt. P.R.Ushakumari, Town Planner andSri.K.Baiju, Deputy Town Planner of State Project Cell.

The Senior Town Planners, viz. Sri.G.Mohanan, Smt.T.M.Sudha, Sri.K.Devarajan, Smt. Ann Jacoband Smt.Darley.D.S.Money took sincere efforts in shaping this report in this form. I also acknowledgetheir sincere attempts.

The district team performed an untiring task in timely completion of this report. The sincereand keen interest shown by Sri.P.Anilkumar, Deputy Town Planner, District Town & Country PlanningOffice, Pathanamthitta in giving perfection in this work deserve special mention.

I also acknowledge with thanks, the support given by each and every technical and administrativestaff of the district office and department who contributed their valuable service in bringing out thisreport in the present form.

Hope this effort of the department will help a long way in framing the future urbanizationscenario of the state and thereby help in properly steering the development activities of the state.

K.S.GIRIJA,Pathanamthitta Town Planner, Pathanamthitta11.02.2011 Department of Town and Country Plannng.

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Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

iv

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Profile of the District 1

1.1 Administrative Divisions 1

1.2 Area and Population 4

1.3 Physiography 4

1.4 Physical Features 4

1.5 Socio-Economic Aspects 5

1.6 Inference 6

Chapter 2 History and Regional Linkages 7

2.1 Historical Background 7

2.2 Regional Linkages 8

2.3 Inference 9

Chapter 3 Population 10

3.1 Population Size 10

3.2 Growth of Population 10

3.3 Population Density 11

3.4 Sex Ratio 13

3.5 Population Concentration Pattern 13

3.6 Population Projection (Trend Based) 13

3.7 Inference 15

Chapter 4 Occupational Structure 16

4.1 Work Force of the District 16

4.2 Occupational Structure 17

4.3 Occupational Structure- Variation in Urban and Rural Areas 18

4.4 Occupational Structure- Estimation Of nine fold Classification of 2001 18

4.5 Spatial Distribution of the Major Classes of Workers 20

District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta CONTENT

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4.6 Activity Pattern Based on Occupational Structure of workers 23

4.7 Occupational Structure- Temporal variation 25

4.8 Inference 26

Chapter 5 Land Use 27

5.1 Land Use pattern of Kerala State 27

5.2 Land use breakup of Pathanamthitta district 28

5.3 Regional land use study 28

5.4 Concentration pattern of land use 34

5.5 Analysis of Agriculture land use 44

5.6 Major agriculture activities 45

5.7 Major agriculture activities including plantation 48

5.8 Activity zones based on land use concentration pattern 49

5.9 Inference 53

Chapter 6 Functional Character of Settlements 54

6.1 Introduction 54

6.2 Character of Settlements 54

6.3 Inference 56

Chapter 7 Hierarchy of Settlements 577.1 Existing Hierarchy of Settlement 57

7.2 Suggested Hierarchy of Settlement 58

7.3 Character of Higher order settlements 65

7.4 Inference 65

Chapter 8 Urban Profile 66

8.1 Trend of Urbanization- Kerala 66

8.2 Census Urban Areas in Pathanamthitta District 678.3 Urban Population content 68

8.4 Growth Rate of Urban Population 68

8.5 Urban Settlements 1991 and 2001 69

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8.6 Future Urbanization Profile of the District 70

8.7 Urban Profile 72

8.8 Inference 72

Chapter 9 Activity Pattern 73

9.1 Introduction 73

9.2 Land use concentration pattern 73

9.3 Future urban profile 73

9.4 Functional classification 749.5 Determination of activity pattern 75

9.6 Inference 78

Chapter 10 Connectivity 79

10.1 Road network 79

10.2 Rail network 80

10.3 Waterways and airways 81

10.4 Proposed Transportation network 81

10.5 Inference 82

Chapter 11 Spatial structure 83

11.1 Spatial structure base on settlement studies 83

11.2 Activity pattern 83

11.3 Hierarchy of settlements 83

11.4 Connectivity 83

11.5 Spatial structure 84

Chapter 12 Summary of findings 87

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Details of the Taluks of the district 2

Table 1.2 Block Panchayaths and Headquarters 2

Table 3.1 Projected District Population-Decreasing rate method 14

Table 3.2 Projected District Population-Apportionment method 15

Table 3.3 Final Population figure of Pathanamthitta district 15

Table 4.1 Details of workers from the Year 1981 to 2001 17

Table 4.2 Occupational structure of Pathanamthitta district 2001 17

Table 4.3 Workers classification-Urban Rural Area split up 18

Table 4.4 Estimated nine fold classification of workers-2001 19

Table 4.5 Concentration Pattern of workers 22

Table 4.6 Activity pattern based on occupational structure of workers 24

Table 4.7 Four fold workers classification(2001)- Temporal Variation 25

Table 4.8 Four fold workers classification in Urban Area (2001)

Temporal variations 25

Table 4.9 Four fold workers classification in Rural Area –

Temporal variations 25

Table 5.1 Land use breakup of Kerala 27

Table 5.2 Land use break up of Pathanamthitta district 28

Table 5.3 Comparison of the land use breakup of Pathanamthitta

District and Kerala state 30

Table 5.4 Land use break up – Comparison with neighboring districts 31

Table 5.5 Breakup of Agriculture land use of Pathanamthitta district 44

Table 5.6 Break up of Agriculture land use( grouped into five major

Categories) of Pathanamthitta district 45

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Table 5.7 Grouping of land use clarifications 49

Table 5.8 Criteria for determination of activity on land use 51

Table 5.9 Activity based on land use 51

Table 6.1 Functional character of LSGIs 55

Table 7.1 Identification of second order settlements 61

Table 7.2 Suggested Hierarchy of settlements 64

Table 7.3 Character of Higher order settlements 65

Table 8.1 Population figure (2001) of Kerala at a glance 66

Table 8.2 Trends of population growth of Kerala 1981-2001 66

Table 8.3 Trends in urbanization of Kerala-1981-2001 67

Table 8.4 District wise percentage of urban population 68

Table 8.5 Variation in urban population of the district 69

Table 8.6 Existing urban local bodies and future probable

urban local bodies 72

Table 8.7 Urban profile-phasing 72

Table 9.1 Classification of settlements for activity pattern. 75

Table 9.2 Activity Pattern - different combinations 75

Table 9.3 Activity pattern of LSGs of the district 76

Table 10.1 Details of roads (in Km) of the district 79

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Taluks of Pathanamthitta District 2

Figure 1.2 Block Panchayaths and Municipalities of the district 3

Figure 1.3 Grama Panchayaths and Municipalities of the District 3

Figure 1.4 Forest Area of the District 4

Figure 1.5 Important Water Bodies of the District 5

Figure 2.1 Location of district in the state 9

Figure 2.2 Important Road and Rail network of the district 9

Figure 3.1 Variation in size of population of the district 10

Figure 3.2 Comparison of population size with surrounding districts 10

Figure 3.3 Population growth rate-comparison with surrounding district and state 11

Figure 3.4 Population growth rate of LSGIs of the district (19991-20 11

Figure 3.5 Population density-comparison with surround in districts and state 12

Figure 3.6 Population density of the Municipalities andGrama Panchayaths of the district 12

Figure 3.7 Sex Ratio-Comparison with surrounding district and state 13

Figure 3.8 Sex Ratio (0-6) Comparison with surrounding district and state 13

Figure 3.9 Population concentration pattern 14

Figure 4.1 Main Workers and Marginal workers 16

Figure 4.2 Variation in numbers of workers (1981-2001) 16

Figure 4.3 Classification of main workers – 2001 17

Figure 4.4 Comparison of percentage of primary workers 18

xiCONTENT District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthittaviii ixCONTENT District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthittaix


Figure 4.5 Workers classification- urban rural comparison 18

Figure 4.6 Estimated Nine fold classification of workers 2001 19

Figure 4.7 Concentration index of Cultivators 20

Figure 4.8 Concentration index of Agricultural labourers 20

Figure 4.9 Concentration index of H.H. Industrial workers 21

Figure 4.10 Concentration index of Other workers 21

Figure 4.11 Distribution of Concentration index of bothHouse hold industrial workers and Other workers 23

Figure 4.12 Distribution of Concentration index of both cultivators andAgricultural labuors 23

Figure 4.13 Activity pattern based on occupational structure of workers 25

Figure 5.1 Land use breakup of Kerala in percentage 27

Figure 5.2 Land use break up of Pathanamthitta district in percentage 28

Figure 5.3 Land use map of Pathanamthitta district 29

Figure 5.4 Percentage of land use of the district-Comparison with state figures 30

Figure 5.5 Percentage of Forest land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 31

Figure 5.6 State share of Forest land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 31

Figure 5.7 Percentage of Residential land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 32

Figure 5.8 State share of Residential land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 32

Figure 5.9 Percentage of Residential Agriculture mix land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 32

xiix xDistrict Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta CONTENT


Figure 5.10 State share of Residential Agriculture mix land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts. 32

Figure 5.11 Percentage of Agriculture land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 33

Figure 5.12 State share of Agriculture land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 33

Figure 5.13 Percentage of Plantation land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 33

Figure 5.14 State share of Plantation land use of the district-Comparison with surrounding districts 33

Figure 5.15 Percentage of Agriculture and plantation Land uses togetherComparison with sorrounding districts 34

Figure 5.16 State share (in %) of Agriculture and Plantation Land uses togetherComparison with sorrounding districts 34

Figure 5.17 Concentration pattern of Forest land use 35

Figure 5.18 Variation in concentration index of Forest land use 35

Figure 5.19 Concentration pattern of Agricultural land use 36

Figure 5.20 Variation in concentration index of Agricultural land use 36

Figure 5.21 Concentration pattern of Agricultural land and Plantation together 37

Figure 5.22 Concentration pattern of Agricultural, Plantation andResidential Agriculture mix land use together 37

Figure 5.23 Concentration pattern of Plantations land use 38

Figure 5.24 Variation in concentration index of Plantations land use 38

Figure 5.25 Concentration pattern of Residential Agricultural mixed land use 39

Figure 5.26 Variation in concentration index of Residential Agricultural mixed land use 39

Figure 5.27 Concentration pattern of Residential land use 40

xiiiixCONTENT District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthittaxi


Figure 5.28 Variation in concentration index of Residential land use 40

Figure 5.29 Concentration pattern of Residential and Residential AgricultureLand use 41

Figure 5.30 Concentration pattern of Marshy land 41

Figure 5.31 Variation in concentration index of Marshy land 42

Figure 5.32 Concentration pattern of water bodies 42

Figure 5.33 Variation in concentration index of work bodies 43

Figure 5.34 Variation in concentration index of other land use 43

Figure 5.35 Break up of the agricultural land use of Pathanamthitta district 45

Figure 5.36 Break up of agricultural land use(grouped into five major categories)of Pathanamthitta district 45

Figure 5.37 Concentration pattern of rubber cultivation lands 46

Figure 5.38 Concentration pattern of cocunut cultivation lands 46

Figure 5.39 Concentration pattern of mixed crops cultivation lands 47

Figure 5.40 Concentration pattern of paddy cultivation lands 47

Figure 5.41 Concentration pattern of all major crops lands together 48

Figure 5.42 Concentration pattern of all major agricultural land together with plantations 48

Figure 5.43 Distribution of concentration index of urban land use 49

Figure 5.44 Distribution of concentration index of agricultural land use 50

Figure 5.45 Distribution of concentration index of forest land use 50

Figure 5.46 Distribution of concentration index of plantation land use 51

Figure 5.47 Activity pattern of the district based on the land use 52

xivx xiiDistrict Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta CONTENT


Figure 6.1 Functional classifications of settlements 56

Figure 7.1 CFI against number of settlements 57

Figure 7.2 Existing Hierarchy of settlements 59

Figure 7.3 Suggested I order and Existing II order settlements 60

Figure 7.4 Identification of second order settlements 60

Figure 7.5 Spatial distribution of second order settlements 61

Figure 7.6 Service Settlements and Service Area of second order settlements 62

Figure 7.7 Third order settlements and service area 63

Figure 7.8 Service settlements and service area of third order settlements 63

Figure 7.9 Proposed hierarchy of settlements 64

Figure 8.1 Urban areas of the district 2001 67

Figure 8.2 Population growth rate of Municipalities andGrama Panchayaths 69

Figure 8.3 Variation in area (sq:km) of urban settlements 70

Figure 8.4 Future urbanization profile 72

Figure 9.1 Concentration pattern of land use of the district 73

Figure9.2 Future Urbanization profile of the district 74

Figure 9.3 Functional classification of settlements 74

Figure 9.4 Activity Pattern of the district 76

Figure 10.1 Major roads, railways and suggested Hierarchyof settlements 80

Figure 10.2 Schematic representation of road network 81

Figure 10.3 Proposed road network 82

Figure 11.1 Schemetic representation Spatial structure of the district. 85

Figure 11.2 Spatial structure of the district 86

xvixCONTENT District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthittaxiii


ANNEXES

Annex I Pathanamthitta district- population details 89

Annex II Population concentration pattern 90

Annex III Concentration index of major categories of workers 91

Annex IV Concentration index of land use (nine fold clarification) 92

Annex V Concentration index of major crops 93

Annex VI LSG wise agriculture activities 94

Annex VII Concentration index of major land use categories 95

Annex VIII Weightage of facilities 96

Annex IX Composits functiuonal index (CFI) of settlements 97

Annex X Service settlements and service population

of second order settlements 98

Annex XI Service area of 3rd order settlements- size of polygon 99

Annex XII Service settlements and service population of

third order settlements 100

Annex XIII Percentage of male workers in agricultural sector (201) 101

xvix xivDistrict Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta CONTENT

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT


11

Chapter 1PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

1.1 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

Pathanamthitta district, the thirteenth revenue district

of the state of Kerala, was formed with effect from the

1st November, 1982 vide G.O. (M.S) No.1026/82/RD

dated 29.10.1982, with headquarters at Pathanamthitta.

It is bounded on the north by Changanassery and

Kanjirappally taluks of Kottayam district and

Peerumade taluk of Idukki district, on the east by the

state of Tamil Nadu, on the south by

Kunnathur,Pathanapuram and Kottarakkara taluks of

Kollam district and on the west by Chengannur,

Mavelikkara and Kuttanad taluks of Alappuzha district.

This district, when carved out of erstwhile Alappuzha,

Kollam and Idukki districts as per G.O. (M.S) No.1026/

82/R.D dated 29.10.1982, comprised of a total of 54

villages – 21 villages of Pathanamthitta taluk and 9

villages of Kunnathur taluk of Kollam district and 4

villages of Chengannur taluk, 2 villages of Mavelikkara

taluk and 18 villages of Thiruvalla taluk of Alappuzha

district. Besides these, the North Pamba Valley area in

Mlappara vil lage and the area around Sabarimala

Sannidhanam in Mlappara village of Peerumade taluk

of erstwhile Idukki district were also included in the

jurisdiction of Pathanamthitta district.

Vide G.O(P) No.652/83/RD dated the 9th June, 1983,

taluks and divisional boundaries of Pathanamthitta

district were notified and accordingly Pathanamthitta

district at its inception stage comprised of five taluks

viz. Thiruvalla, Mallappally, Ranni, Kozhenchery and

Adoor and two revenue divisions, namely, Adoor and

Thiruvalla.

Thiruvalla taluk, which was transferred as a whole from

erstwhile Alapuzha district with 18 villages was

reconstituted with 9 villages to form Thiruvalla taluk of

Pathanamthitta district. Out of the remaining 9 villages,

8 villages were included in the newly formed Mallapally

taluk and the remaining one village, Ayroor included in

the newly formed Ranni taluk. The Ranni taluk was

constituted with 8 villages of Pathanamthitta taluk of

erstwhile Kollam district and a village (Ayroor) from

Thiruvalla taluk of erstwhile Alleppey district. The area

of the North Pamba valley and the area around

Sabarimala Sannidhanam in Mlappara village of

Peerumade taluk of erstwhile Idukki district which were

transferred to this district on its formation were

included in Ranni village of Ranni taluk. (Presently

Sabarimala Sannidhanam and surrounding is in Perunad

Village and the remaining portion is in Kollamula

Village)

The newly constituted Kozhenchery taluk comprised

of 13 villages of Pathanamthitta taluk of erstwhile

Kollam district and 4 villages of Chengannur taluk of

erstwhile Alapuzha district. The only taluk of the district

which has headquarters different from its taluk name

is Kozhenchery as its headquarters is located at

Pathanamthitta. Adoor taluk was comprised of 9 villages

of Kunnathur taluk and 2 villages of Mavelikkara taluk

of former kollam and Alapuzha districts respectively.

The names of Taluks of the district, their headquarters,

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta22


TABLE 1.2 Block Panchayats and Headquarters

Sl. No. Name of the Block Population 2001 Block Panchayat Name of Grama Panchayat / Panchayats (No.) Headquarters Muncipality where Block

Panchayat HQ situated

1 Elanthoor 108255 Elanthoor Elanthoor Grama Panchayat

2 Parakkod 208228 Parakkod Adoor Municipality.

3 Koipram 125377 Pullad Koipram Grama Panchayat

4 Konni 146937 Ilakolloor Pramadom Grama Panchayat

5 Kulanada 69710 Kulanada Kulanada Grama Panchayat

6 Pandalam 67071 Pandalam Pandalam Grama Panchayat

7 Mallappally 120201 Mallappally Mallappally Grama Panchayat

8 Ranni 172691 Mandirampadi Ranni Grama Panchayat

9 Pulikkeezh 91748 Valanjavattom Kadapra Grama Panchayat

area and population are given in Table 1.1 and the

spatial distribution of the taluks is shown in Figure

1.1.

This district has two Revenue Divisions, viz., Adoor and

Thiruvalla. The headquarters of these revenue divisions

are Adoor and Thiruvalla respectively.

There are 9 Block Panchayats in this district. The list of

the Block panchayats, population as per 2001 census,

Block Panchayat headquarters and name of the local

body where the Block Panchayat headquarters is

situated are given in Table 1.2. The spatial distribution

of the Block Panchayats and Municipalities is shown in

Figure 1.2.

TABLE 1.1 Details of Taluks of the District

Source : Census 2001

Sl. No. Name of Taluk Headquarters Area (in Sq:Km) Population (2001)

1 Kozhenchery Pathanamthitta 1015.33 350416

2 Adoor Adoor 327.16 304251

3 Ranni Ranni 1067.48 207782

4 Mallappally Mallappally 156.12 137064

5 Thiruvalla Thiruvalla 164.62 234503


Figure 1.1 Taluks of Pathanamthitta District



33

There are three Municipalities (Thiruvalla,

Pathanamthitta and Adoor) and 54 Grama Panchayats

in this district. The spatial distribution of the local

bodies of the district is shown Figure 1.3

Out of the 57 Grama Panchayats/ Municipalities, the

Seethathode Grama Panchayat has the largest area

(651.94 sq.km.) and Thumpamon Grama Panchayat has

the lowest area (7.84 sq.km.). The three urban local

bodies in the district viz: Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta and

Adoor have areas of 27.98 sq.km, 23.50 sq.km. and

20.42 sq:Km respectively.

Figure 1.2 Block Panchayats and Municipalities of the district

Figure 1.3: Grama Panchayats and Municipalities of the District



1.2 AREA AND POPULATION

The total geographical area of Pathanamthitta district

is 2637 Sq;km, which accounts about 6% of the

geographical area of the state. The total population as

per 2001 census is 12,34,016 which is about 3% of total

population of the state. . The district placed in the 11th

position as far as the population size is concerned. The

population density of the district is 467 persons per

sq;km, which is below the state average of 819 persons

per Sq;km and ranked 12th among the districts of the

state as far as the population density concerned.

1.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY

The district slopes from east to west. The three major

categories of physiographic divisions seen in

Pathanamthitta district are lowland (areas below 7.5m

from MSL), midland (areas between 7.5m and 75m

above MSL) and highland (areas more than 75m above

MSL). The low land areas are seen in the western parts

of Thiruvalla Taluk and the highland areas are mainly in

Ranni and

Kozhencherry Taluks.

The midland areas are

seen in Thiruvalla,

M a l l a p p a l l y ,

Kozhencherry and

Adoor Taluks.

1.4 PHYSICAL

FEATURES:

1.4.1 Natural Sub-

Divisions:

Pathanamthitta is a

land locked district. The

western part of the

district (part of

Thiruvalla taluk) falls in

the upper Kuttanad

region of the state. The

eastern part of the

district is mainly hilly areas with dense reserve forest.

The district can be divided into three natural

geographical regions: the highland, the midland and

the lowland. The highland stretches through the

Western Ghats, where the hills are tall and covered

with thick forests. Western Ghats maintains an average

altitude of around 800 m. It descends to the smaller

hills of midland in the centre and finally to the lowland.

The lowland with its abundance of coconut trees lies

along the eastern borders of Alappuzha district.

1.4.2 Climate:

The climate of this district is tropical humid. The hot

season is from March to May and it is followed by South

West monsoon season from June to September. The

period from December to February is the North West

monsoon season. The average annual temperature is

26.61o C with mean maximum temperature 31.7o C and

minimum 21.4oC. The average annual rainfall is 3120

mm.

1.4.3 Forest area

The total forest area of the district is 1203.73 sq.km,

Figure 1.4 Forest area of the District



55

which is 45.34% of the total

geographical area of the

district. Figure 1.4 shows the

spatial distribution of forest

area of Pathanamthitta

District. The forest area lies

in Kozhanchery and Ranni

taluks

1.4.5 Rivers and Water

bodies.

Three important rivers flow

through the district. These

rivers originate from various

mountains of the Western

Ghats mountain range. The

Pamba, which is the third

longest river in Kerala, has its

origin in Pulachimala and out

of the total length of 176km,

98.5 km passes through

Pathanamthitta district. The

Achankovil river which originates from Pasukida Mettu,

and out of the total length of 128km, 84 km passes

through this district. Manimala river originates from

the Thattamalai hills and out of the total length of 80

km of Manimala River, 46 km passes through

Pathanamthitta district. A small portion of Kallada river,

for a distance of about 10 Km, also flows through the

southern border of the district. Pamba and Achankovil

rivers together drain more than 70% of the total area of

Pathanamthitta. The Sabarigiri Hydroelectric project

and the Kakkad Electricity project are situated in the

Pamba basin of the district. There are two major

artificially made reservoirs under the control of Kerala

State Electricity Board, viz., Pamba and Kakki Reservoirs.

In addition to that, there are a number of small

reservoirs. The abundant water resources are also

utilized for irrigation purposes through Pamba irrigation

Project located in the district. The details of important

water bodies are shown in Figure 1.5.

1.5 SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS

1.5.1 Literacy Rate:

As per 2001 census, Kerala is the most literate state in

India having literacy rate of 90.92%. Inter-district

analysis within Kerala reveals that the highest literacy

is recorded in Kottayam district (95.9%) and the lowest

is in Palakkad district (84.3%). The literacy rate of

Pathanamthitta district is 94.86%, which is above state

average. The district ranks 2nd place in literacy rate .

1.5.2 Share of Workers:

The work participation ratio (WPR) in Kerala has

increased from 34.75% to 35.93% from 1991 to 2001.

Pathanamthitta district recorded a WPR of 29.66%

during this period, which is below the state average.

Figure 1.5 Important Water Bodies of the District



1.5.3 Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP):

GSDP district wise distribution as factor cost shows that

the Ernakulam district continues to have highest

income of Rs.33361.25 crore in 2009-10, while lowest

gross domestic product was recorded in Wayanad

district (Rs. 4378.24 crore). The GSDP of Pathanamthitta

district is Rs. 9008.78 crore, (3.91% of total GSDP of

State).

1.5.4 Per Capita Income (PCI):

The per capita income of Pathanamthitta has increased

from Rs.51752 in 2008-09 to Rs.56944 in 2009-10 with

growth rate of 10.13%. Compared to the state figure

the PCI is above the state average (ie, Rs.52984). With

respect to PCI, Pathanamthitta ranks 4th position in the

state.

1.6 INFERENCE

Pathanamthitta was formed in the year 1982. The

district has only 11th rank as far as the population size is

concerned and the density of population is less than

the state average. The physiography of the district

deserves special mention as it has all the three

divisions, namely high land, mid land and low land.

45.34 % of the geographical area of the district is forest.

The district has abundant water resources. The district

is one of the highly literate districts of the state. The

per capita income of the district is above the state

average.

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77

Chapter 2HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGES

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Pathanamthitta is a combination of two words –

Pathanam and Thitta – which mean an array of houses

on the river side. It is presumed that the region

presently under the district was formerly under the

Pandalam reign which had connections with the Pandya

Kingdom. The history of the district is sandwiched

between the history of erstwhile Quilon and Alleppey

districts. The pre-historic period of the district is

obscure. But some megalithic monuments such as the

dolmens, found in the Ranni reserve forest and

Enadimangalam village of present Adoor taluk, date

back to the Neolithic period. Yet some old relics,

reminiscent of pre-historic period, are found also in

some areas of Thiruvalla and Kadapra. Some

archaeological antiquities in the form of architecture,

inscriptions, mural paintings, historical monuments,

etc, found in the temples, rock-cut caves, churches,

etc. show clear picture about the historic period.

During the 1st century A.D, almost all the portions of

Quilon district formed a part of Ay Kingdom. The

southeastern portions upto Thiruvalla of erstwhile

Alleppey district were ruled by Ay kingdom with their

headquarters at South Travancore. The Kaviyoor Cave

Temple of Pallava style of architecture is some of the

earliest specimen of stone sculpture supposed to be

made in the 7th to the 9th century A.D. The inscriptions

engraved on the central shrine of Kaviyoor temple

depict details of the area in the Kali era of 4051 A.D and

4052 A.D. There are some epigraphical records assigned

to post-Portuguese period in the Orthodox Syrian

Church at Niranam. It is significant to note that Pliny,

the famous traveler of the 1st century A.D had described

in his famous book ‘Pereplus’ about Niranam

(Neleynda), the river Pamba (Baris) and about the

exporting pepper from Thiruvalla. Christianity had a

strong foothold in the district from the middle of the

1st century. In A.D 52, St. Thomas, one of the twelve

Apostles of Jesus Christ, landed at Mallankara and

founded seven churches in Malabar coast, one of which

is located at Niranam.

From the 9th to the 12th century A.D, Thiruvalla taluk

of the then Alleppey district was part of Nantuzhainad

and later it was merged to Odanad and subsequently

with Thekkumkur. In the early 19th century during the

reign of Balarama Varma and Velu Thampi Dalava, who

took keen interest in uplifting Quilon as an

administrative as well as commercial centre, organized

a rebellion at Quilon against the British force. As a result

of Kundara Proclamation issued by the Dalava on the

16th January 1809, thousands of people marched under

the banner of Velu Thampi Dalava. The British defeated

the local force and captured the fort of Udayagiri and

Padmanahbapuram. The ruler of Travancore became

helpless and ordered to capture the Dalava. Velu

Thampi Dalava decided not to surrender alive and

committed suicide at Mannadi in Kadampanadu village

of present Adoor taluk. During the reign of Rani

Parvathy Bai, Pandalam was annexed to Travancore in

1812 AD. The old principality here was known as Airur

Swarupam.The palace of Pandalam Raja is closely associated withSabarimala temple. It is believed that Sree Ayyappan

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was brought up by the then ruling Raja of Pandalam.Even now the ornaments of Lord Ayyappan ofSabarimala temple are kept in this palace. It is worth

mentioning that in the 9th century A.D, the district had

flourished in the field of culture and literature. The

famous Niranam poets who had made great contribu-

tions to Malayalam literature belonged to this district.

Marthanda Varma Maharaja, the maker of modern

Travancore, played a remarkable role in the history of

the state. During the reign of Dharmaraja, a notable

event was the invasion of Tippu Sultan and the alli-

ance Travancore made with the East India Company.

The district has prominent role in the freedom struggle

of the country. Shri.K.E. Maman and Shri.K.A.Mathew

are among the well-known freedom fighters who hail

from Thiruvalla .

The district was formed on November 1, 1982 in the

interest of speeding up development. The formation

was done by incorporating various portions of the erst-

while Kollam, Alappuzha and Idukki districts.

2.2 REGIONAL LINKAGES

Pathanamthitta district is located in the southern part

of Kerala state and the district lies in between the

latitudes 9o 4’ N and 9o 28’ N and longitudes 76o 28’E and

77o 17’E. The district is bounded by Kottayam and Idukki

district in the north, Alappuzha district in the west,

Kollam district in the south and Western Ghats

bordering Tamil Nadu State in the east.

The headquarters of this district is located at

Pathanamthitta, which is at a distance of 110 km from

Thiruvananthapuram, 130 km from Kochi and 390 km

from Kozhikkode. The district is well connected to

surrounding districts and neighboring states through a

network of various categories of roads. The Main

Central Road (MC Road- SH-1) passes through this

district. The other State Highways passing through the

district are Kayamkulam-Adoor-Punalur Road (SH-5),

Thiruvalla-Kayamkulam Road (SH-6), Thiruvalla-

Kumbazha Road (SH-7), Kozhanchery(Pullad) –

Kottayam Road (SH-9), Kozhanchery(Thekkemala)-

Chengannur-Mavelikkara Road(SH-10), Nedumpuram

(Podiyadi)-Edathva-Alappuzha (SH-12), Muvattupuzha-

Punalur (via Manimala-Ranni-Kumbazha-Maroor) (SH-

8) and Adoor-Sasthamkotta (SH-37). The location of the

district in the state is shown in Figure 2.1.

The famous pilgrim centre of Sabarimala is connected

to other parts of the district mainly through

Pathanamthitta - Mannarakkulanji- Vadasserikkara-

Perunad- Laha-Plappally- Nilakkal – Chalakkayam -

Pamba road, Vadasserikkara - Chittar- Angamoozhi -

Plappally road and Erumely-Thulappally -Nilakkal-

Pamba Road.

Another important feature is that at present there is

no National Highway through this district. But the

Kollam –Theni National Highway (NH 220) is likely to

pass through the western part of the district, the

alignment of this road between Kottayam and Kollam

District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta HISTORY AND REGIONAL LINKAGES


99

has to be finalized.

A Broad Gauge railway line

passes through the western

part of the district. Thiruvalla

railway station is the only

railway station in this district

and train services are

available to most of the

important cities of the

country. But the people of this

district mainly make use of

Chengannur railway station in

Alappuzha district, which is

nearer to most of the areas in

this district and also

Chengannur acts as gate way

of Sabarimala Pilgrims from

other states. The distances to

Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikkode by rail

(from Chengannur, which is the nearest railway station)

are 98 km, 102 km and 386 km respectively. The

important road and rail network of the district is shown

in the Figure 2.2

International Airports at Thiruvananthauram and Kochi

(Nedumbassery) are the nearest airports and are at a

distance of 115Km and 140Km away from the district

headquarters. There is no waterway in the district.

2.3 INFERENCE

A number of places related with the ancient and recent

history are there in the district. The world famous

Figure 2.2 Important Road and rail Network of the district

Figure 2.1:The location of the district in the state

pilgrim centre Sabarimala is located in the district and

a number of palaces and temples related with the

Sabarimala temple is also located in the district. The

district was formed in 1982 by carving out the portions

from the earstwhile Kollam, Alapuzha and Idukki

district. Pathanamthitta District is connected to the

other parts of the state and country by two modes

transport, road and rail.

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POPULATION District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta1010


Chapter 3

POPULATION

3.1 POPULATION SIZE.

The Pathanamthitta District came into existence on 1st

November,1982. The population of the district as per

1991 census was 11,88,332 and has increased to

12,34,016 in 2001 census. Pathanmthitta occupies 11th

place in the state as far as the size of population is

concerned. the geographical area of the district is 6.79%

of the state, but the total population is only 3.87% of

the state. The decadal variation in the size of population

of the district is shown in the Figure 3.1.

A comparison of total population (2001) of the districts

surrounding Pathanamthitta district is shown in the

Figure 3.2. The figure shows that when compared with

the surrounding four districts, viz Kollam, Alappuzha,

Kottayam and Idukki, Pathanamthitta ranks in the fourth

position and only the population of Idukki district is

lower than that of Pathanamthitta district.

Among the five taluks in the district, Kozhenchery is in

the most populated taluk, with a population of 3,52,416

and the Mallappally is the least populated taluk in the

district, with a population of 1,37,064. The population

of other three taluks in the district, i.e. Adoor, Thiruvalla

and Ranni are 304251, 234503, 207782 respectively.

Thiruvalla is the most populated urban local body in

the district with a population of 56,837 persons. The

population of the other two urban local bodies in the

district i.e., Pathanamthitta and Adoor are 38,009 and

28,952 persons respectively. Among the Grama

Panchayats, Pallikkal has the highest population viz

41,376 person and Thumpamon has the least population

viz 8,160 persons. The population of Grama

Panchayaths and Municipalities in the district as per

1991 and 2001 censuses are given in Annexure-I

3.2 GROWTH OF POPULATION

The population of the district has increased from

11,88,322 in 1991 to 12,34,016 in 2001. The decadal

growth rate of population of the district was 3.85%,

Figure: 3.1 Variation in size of Population of the

District

Figure 3.2 Comparison of population size with

surrounding districts

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta POPULATION


1111

which is the lowest among the districts in the state.

The decadal growth rate of population is maximum in

Malappuram district with 17.04%. It is also to be noted

that the growth rate of the district is far below the

growth rate of the state and the nation, which are 9.42%

and 21.38% respectively. A comparison of decadal

growth rate of population with the surrounding districts

is shown in the Figure 3.3.

The three urban local bodies in the district, Adoor,

Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla recorded a growth rate

of 8.68%, 5.93% and 3.76%

respectively during the

period 1991-2001. The rural

local governments which

recorded high growth rate in

population during the period

1991-2001 are Pandalam

Thekkekkara (9.53%),

Kunnamthanam (9.02%),

Pallikkal (8.81%), Kuttoor

(8.36%), Kadampanad (8.23%),

Pandalam (8.15%) etc. The

growth rate population of the

LSGs of the district during the

decade 1991-2001 is furnished

in the Annex.I

Figure 3.3 Population growth rate – comparison withsurrounding districts and state

3.3 POPULATION DENSITY

The density of population of the district as per 2001

census is 468 persons per sq:km. It is lower than the

state density of 818 persons per sq:km. In the state,

the population density is maximum in Alappuzha

district with 1496 persons per Sq:km and least in Idukki

district with 252 persons per Sq:km. A comparison of

Figure 3.4 Population growth rate of the Municipalities and Grama Panchayats of thedistrict 1991-2001

The spatial distribution of population growth rate (1991-2001) of the local bodies of the district are, shown inFigure 3.4. The spatial distribution of the growth rateof population shows a definite spatial pattern, thepopulation growth rate of eastern high land of thedistrict shows lower growth rate. The western regionof the district shows higher growth rate and the localgovernments in the central part shows moderategrowth rate.



shown in the Figure 3.5. It shows that the populationdensity of the district is comparatively low and onlyIdukki district have population density lower thanPathanamthitta district in the region.

gross density is maximum among the LSGs in the

western part of the district and least in the LSGs of

eastern part of the district. The population density of

LSGs of the district (2001) is shown in the Figure 3.6

The maximum gross density of population among LSGIs

is in Thiruvalla Municipality with 2034 person per

sq:Km. The population density of the other two

municipalities; Pathanamthitta and Adoor are 1617, 1418

persons per Sq:km respectively. It is interesting to note

that rural LSGs like Kuttoor (1643 persons / sq: km),

Nedumpuram (1542 persons / sq: km), Kadapra (1515

persons / sq: km) and Pandalam (1436 persons / sq:

km) have more population density than Municipalities.

The Grama Panchayats in the eastern region viz

Seethathodu, Thannithodu and Aruvapulam have low

gross density with density of 28,35 persons / sq: km

and 78 persons per sq:km respectively. The eastern

region of the district is mainly hilly forest area.

There is considerable variation in density of populationin different parts of the district. The density ofpopulation is maximum in Thiruvalla taluk with 1425persons per sq:km. and minimum in Ranni taluk with195 persons per sq:km. The density of population ofthe other three taluks inthe district, i.e.,Mallappally, Kozhencheryand Adoor taluks are 846,337 and 867 persons persq:km respectively .

The gross population

density of the

municipalities and Grama

Panchayats in the district

during the year 2001 is

given in the Annex.I. It

shows a clear distinction

between the gross

density in the low lying

land, midland and high

land regions of the

district. In general the

Figure 3.5 Population density –comparison with Figure 3.5 Population density –comparison with surroundingdistricts and state

Figure 3.6 Population Density of the Municipalities and Grama Panchayats of the District



1313

The Grama Panchayaths with high population density

are Kuttoor (1516 persons / sq: km); Nedumpuram (1515

persons / sq: km); Kadapra (1479 persons / sq: km);

Kozhenchery (1475 persons / sq: km); Pandalam (1328

persons / sq: km); Eraaviperoor (1317 persons / sq: km);

Kaviyoor (1287 persons / sq: km). These Grama

Panchayaths are located in the western or central parts

of the district and are located adjacent to urban area or

major travel corridor.

3.4 SEX RATIO

The sex ratio of Pathanamthitta district is 1094 and it is

the highest among the 14 districts of the state. The total

male and female population of the district are 5,89,398

persons and 6,44,618 persons respectively. The sex

ratio is the lowest in Idukki district with the value of

999 and the corresponding state figure is 1058. A

comparison of sex ratio among the surrounding districts

and state and comparison of Sex ratio in the age group

of 0-6 of the surrounding district and state is shown in

the figures 3.7 and 3.8 respectively. The variation in

sex ratio in 0-6 group between the minimum and

maximum value of the surrounding district is in the

range of 956 – 969 which is less than the range of 999-

1094 for the surrounding districts.

3.5 POPULATION CONCENTRATION PATTERN

The population concentration pattern derived by

calculating the cumulative population after arriving the

LSGI in the descending order of density.

The population concentration pattern of the district

(2001) is shown in the Figure 3.9. It shows that one

third population of the district concentrated in 10.17%

of the area of the district, half of the population of the

district concentrated in 17.43% of the area of the district

and the two third of the population of the district is

concentrated in 25.44% of the area of the district. The

list of Municipalities and Grama Panchayats

constituting 1/3rd population, ½ population and 2/3rd

population and area is given in Annex.II. This analysis

reveals that the population of the district is

concentrated in the western part of the district.

3.6 POPULATION PROJECTION (TREND BASED)

The population projection for 2011 and 2021 of the

district has been made assuming that the existing trend

in the population growth will continue. The population

is projected by two methods-Decreasing rate method

and Apportioned method and average of the two is

Figure 3.7 Sex Ratio Comparison with surrounding districts and state

Figure 3.8 Sex Ratio (0-6) Comparison with surrounding districts and state



taken to arrive at the

population figure of the years

2011 and 2021.

3.6.1 Decreasing rate method

The Population growth rate of

the years 2011 and 2021 are

calculated assuming that the

same percentage of decrease

in population growth will

prevail as that of 2001 for the

succeeding decades. Based on

this method, the projected

population is calculated. The

population of the district for

the years 2011 and 2021 are

12,68,692 and 12,93,812 and

the same is shown in Table.3.1

Year Total Population Population growth Decrease in population Projected

(in No.) rate (%) growth rate (%) population (No.)

1971 10,09,068

1981 11,23,001 11.29

1991 11,86,561 05.66 -49.87

2001 12,34,016 03.99 -29.51

2011 02.81 -29.50 12,68,692

2021 01.98 -29.50 12,93,812

Source : Census Reports

3.6.2 Apportionment method

In the apportionment method the ratio of the District

population to the state population is found out and

Table 3.1: Projected District Population- Decreasing rate Method

Figure 3.9 Population Concentration Pattern



1515

the same is projected to the next decades, assuming

that change in the ratio during 2001-2011 and 2011-2021

are same the value as that during 1991-2001. In order

to find out the projected population of Pathanamthitta

district, the projected population of the state during

the same period is needed and the same has been

taken from IDDP- Kollam Perspective Plan report. The

projection of population of the Pathanamthitta District

by this method is shown in the Table.3.2 and the

Year Total Population Total population of Ratio of District Change in ProjectedKerala Pathanamthitta population to Ratio Population

District State population

X Y Y/X

1971 2,13,47,375 10,09,068 0.0473

1981 2,54,53,680 11,23,001 0.0441 -0.0664

1991 2,90,98,518 11,86,561 0.0408 -0.0757

2001 3,18,41,374 12,34,016 0.0388 -0.0495

2011 3,38,17,196 0.3684 -0.0495 12,45,826

2021 3,57,98,589 0.0350 -0.0495 12,32,655

Source : Census Reports, IDDP Kollam Report

Table 3.2: Projected District Population- Apportionment Method

Year Total Population as per Total Population as per Averaga Pupulationdecrease rate method apportionment method figure

2011 12,68,692 12,45,826 12,57,259

2021 12,93,812 12,32,655 12,63,234

projected population of the district for the year 2011

and 2021 are 12,45,826 and 12,32,655 respectively.

The projected population by the two methods ie,

decreasing rate method and apportionment method

differs slightly. The average of two methods has been

taken as the population figure of Pathanamthitta for

the year 2011 and 2021 and it is 12,57,259 and 12,63,234

respectively. The final projected population of the

gross population density of the district in the future ifthe present trend continues. The analysis of population

concentration pattern of the district shows that there

is concentration of population in some part of the

district. The local governments in the western part of

the district has more population density and there is

concentration of population. The local bodies in theeastern part of the district shows least value of

population density. It is estimated that the population

of the district for the years 2011 and 2021 will be

12,57,259 and 12,63,234 respectively.

Pathanamthitta District is shown in Table 3.3

Table 3.3: Final population figure of Pathanamthitta

district.

3.7 INFERENCE

Eventhough the total geographical area of the district

is 6.79% of the state area, the population is only 3.87%

of state population and the density is lower than thestate value. The population density is comparatively

low. The population growth rate of the district is lowest

in the state and showing a decreasing trend. It can be

presumed that there won’t be much increase in the

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Chapter 4OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

4.1 WORK FORCE OF THE DISTRICT

The work participation of a place is usually indicated

by work participation rate (WPR) which is the ratio of

total workers (main and marginal) to the total

population of the place and it is generally expressed as

a percentage. As per 2001 census, the work

participation rate of Pathanamthitta District is 29.66%.

This means that out of the total population of 12,31,577

persons of the district 3,66,049 persons are workers.

The work participation rate of Kerala State is 32.3% and

the Pathanamthitta district ranks 12th place in the state

as far as the Work Participation Rate is concerned and

only Malappuram (24%) and Kozhikode (28%) districts

are behind Pathanamthitta district. Among the districts

in the state, Idukki has the highest percentage of WPR

of 43% .

The total workers are further divided into main and

marginal workers. For the district, main workers

constitute 23.16% of the population and marginal

workers constitute 6.49% of the total population as per

2001 census. This is shown in the Figure 4.1

The variation in number of total workers, main workers

and non workers of Pathanamthitta district from the

year 1981 to 2001 is shown in Table 4.1. It is also

represented in Figure 4.2. The graph shows that, though

the total workers are increasing over the last two

decades (from 1981 to 2001), the number of main

workers show a decreasing trend in between 1991 and

2001. Another feature noted is that the growth rate of

total workers (13.15%) is more than the population

growth rate (3.99%) during the period 1991-2001. It

indicates that the employment opportunity is

increasing more than that of population growth rate.

Figure 4.1: Main workers and Marginal workers

Source: Census 2001

Figure: 4.2 Variation in number of workers (1981-2001)

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1717

Table 4.1 Details of workers from the year 1981 to 2001

4.2 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE

As per 2001 census, the main workers are classified into

four categories ie, Cultivators, Agricultural labourers,

House hold industrial workers and Other workers. The

Other category includes primary sector workers

Table 4.2 Occupational Structure of Pathanamthitta District - 2001

l ike fishermen, workers engaged in mining and

plantation work. Occupational structure of

Pathanamthitta district as per 2001 census is shown in

the Table 4.2 and Figure 4.3

The cultivators and agricultural labourers together con-

stitute only 29.29% of the total main workers, where

the major share (70.71%) of the main workers belong

to the other two categories. The other category of work-

ers will include some of the primary workers like fish-

erman, workers engaged in mining and plantation

works. Assuming that 20% workers in the other cat-

egory of main workers belong to the primary workers

category, 50% of the total workers engage in tertiary

activity. At national level, more than 60% workers are

engaged in primary sector activities. This is an indica-

tion of primary sector activity in the district.

A comparison of occupational structure with the

Classification Cultivators Agri. labours H.H. Industrial Other workers

workers

Number 38,798 44,922 7,268 1,94,856

Percentage 13.57% 15.72% 2.54% 68.17%

Source : Census 1981, 1991, 2001

Workers 1981 1991 2001

Total workers 327099 323494 366049

Total main workers 289944 291943 285844

Total marginal workers 37155 31551 80205

Total Non-workers 795902 863067 867967

Source : Census 1981, 1991, 2001

Figure:4.3 Classification of Main Workers 2001

Source: Census 2001



neighbouring districts and the state are shown in

Fig.4.4. The percentage of the agriculture labourers and

cultivators (primary workers) constitute 17.59%,

12.46%, 12.86%, 46.44% and 29.29% of total workers in

Kollam (KLM), Alappuzha (ALP), Kottayam (KTM), Idukki

(IDK) and Pathanamthitta (PTA) districts respectively.

The corresponding state figure is 23.26%. The percent-

age of agriculture labourers and cultivators of

Pathanamthitta district is the second highest among

neighbouring districts, ie. after Idukki district and more

than the state percentage.

4.3 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE-VARIATION IN

URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

The four-fold category of workers in the urban and rural

area of Pathanamthitta district is shown in Table 4.3.

Which in also represented in Figure 4.5

The above table shows that the percentage of Cultiva-

tors and Agricultural labourers in urban areas and rural

areas are 11.80% and 31.24% respectively. There is not

much difference in the percentage of House hold In-

dustrial workers in urban and rural areas ( 2.16% and

2.58% respectively). Also the share of house hold in-

dustrial workers is comparatively low. Even in rural

areas, the percentage of workers in Other workers cat-

egory is high, ie, about 46% (assuming that the primary

workers category in other workers is about 20%). When

compared with the national figures, where the per-

centage of primary workers in above 60%, the percent-

age of primary workers of the district is low and it im-

Cultivators. Agricultural H.H. Industrial Other workers Total

Labours Workers

Person % Person % Person % Person % Person %

Urban 1299 4.54 2079 7.26 618 2.16 24622 86.04 28618 100

Rural 37499 14.58 42843 16.66 6650 2.58 170234 66.18 257226 100


plies that even in the rural areas the primary sector ison decline.

Table 4.3 Workers classification- Urban Rural Area Split up.

4.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE– ESTIMATION OF NINE

FOLD CLASSIFICATION OF 2001

The workers of each settlement which are classified

into four fold as per census 2001, was divided into the

following nine categories, as per 1991 census.

Source: Census 2001

Figure: 4.4. Comparison of percentage of primary workers

Figure: 4.5 Workers Classification- Urban rural comparison



1919

1. Main Cultivators

2. Agricultural Labourers

3. Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Plantation,

Orchards, and allied activities

4. Mining and Quarrying

5. Manufacturing, Processing, servicing and repairs

in Household industries

6. Manufacturing, Processing

7. Trade and commerce

8. Transport storage and communications

9. Others

An attempt is made here to classify the 2001

Occupational structure into nine fold classification

based on the workers classification of the census 1991.

The only similar two types of workers included in both

1991 and 2001 census are the Cultivators and Agricultural

labourers. The remaining two types of workers in the

2001 census, House hold industrial workers and Other

workers are added together and this total is divided

into 7 classes of workers in the same proportion as these

7 classes of workers as there in the 1991 census. Then

the number of male workers in Manufacturing,

Processing, Servicing and repairs in House hold

industries, Manufacturing processing servicing and

repairs in other than house hold industries, Trade and

commerce, Transport, storage and communication and

others are added to calculate the percentage of male

workers in non-agricultural activities in each of the local

bodies of the District (The percentage of male workers

in non-agricultural activities of the local bodies in the

district is given in Annex. VIII) . The estimated nine

fold classification of the workers is given in the Table

4.4 and in the Figure 4.6

The classification of an area into urban depending on

the 9 fold classification of workers as obtained out of a

mere extrapolation of the census 2001 data based on

Figure:4.6 Estimated Nine fold classification of

Workers 2001

Source: Census 2001

the previous decades data can’t be taken as very

accurate. Though it gives a near accurate picture about

the trend of urbanization, some other factors like the

extent of physical and economic development projects

and existing hierarchy of settlements also need to be

considered.

Sl: Classification YearNo 1991 2001

(Estimated)

1 Main Cultivators 82751 38798

2 Main Agricultural Laborers 87015 44922

3 Livestock, Forestry, Fishing,

Hunting, Plantation,

Orchards, and allied activities 20481 27370

4 Mining and Quarrying 1757 2348

5 Manufacturing, Processing,

servicing and repairs in

Household industries 3741 4999

6 Manufacturing, Processing 18739 25042

8 Trade and commerce 40974 54757

9 Transport storage and

communications 14563 19462

10 Others 50993 68146

TOTAL 321014 285844


Table: 4.4 Estimated Nine fold classification ofWorkers 2001



OF MAJOR CLASSES OF

WORKERS

The Concentration index

(number of workers of a

particular class of workers in

a local body/total number of

workers)/ (number of

workers of the same class of

workers in the district/ total

number of workers in the

district) of the four classes of

workers viz: Cultivators,

Agricultural laborers, House

hold industrial workers and

Other workers are calculated

for each LSGs and its spatial

variation is analyzed.

Concentration index gives an

idea about where a particular

class of workers is

concentrated in the district.

The LSGs wise concentration

index of major class of

workers is given in Annex III.

F igure 4.7 shows the

variation of the

concentration index of

Cultivators in the district.

Cultivators are concentrated

in the mid land and high land

regions of the district. There

are a few settlements in the

northern part of the district,

as well. The Grama

panchayats with high value

of concentration index of

Cultivators are Seethathodu,

Chittar, Thannithodu,

4.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

Figure 4.7 Concentration Index of Cultivators

Figure 4.8 Concentration Index of Agricultural labourers



2121Pandalam Thekkekara,

Naranganam, Cherukole and

Kottanad.

Figure 4.8 shows the varia-

tion of the concentration in-

dex of Agricultural labourers

in the LSGs of the district.

There is no specific pattern

in the distribution of Agricul-

ture labourers and the local

bodies with high value of

concentration index is scat-

tered all over the district.

Niranam, Kottanad, Ranni-

Perunad, Chittar,

Thannithodu, Aruvappulam

and Pandalam-Thekkekara

are the local bodies with

high concentration of Agri-

cultural labourers.


variation of concentration

index of House hold

industrial workers. From the

figure it is clear that the

settlements with high

concentration index are

scattered through out the

district. Ranni-Angadi,

Kulanada, Cherukole,

Aranmula, Omallur,

Kulanada and Kadambanad

Grama Panchayats are

having high values of

concentration index.

The figure 4.10 shows the

variation of the

concentration index of Other

Figure 4.9 Concentration Index of HH Industrial workers

Figure 4.10 Concentration Index of Other workers



workers in the district. It shows that Other workers are

concentrated more in the mid land and low land regions

of the district. Thiruvalla, Kozhenchery,

Pathanamthitta, Kaviyoor, Nedumpuram and Adoor are

the local governments with high values of

Municipality/Grama Municipality/Grama Municipality/Grama Municipality/GramaPanchayat where Panchayat where Panchayat where Panchayat where

Cultivators are Agricultural workers are House hold industries concentrated concentrated concentrated Workers are (Con index > 1.0)

(Con index > 1.0) (Con index > 1.0) concentrated (Con index > 1.0)

Mallapally Niranam Niranam kadapraAnicad Thottappuzhassery kadapra PeringaraKottangal Mallappally Peringara kuttoorKottanad Anicad kuttoor KaviyoorEzhumattoor Kottanad Kaviyoor EraviperoorVechoochira Ezhumattoor Kallooppara koipuramNaranammoozhi Puramattom Mallappally ThottappuzhaseryRanni-pewrunad Naranammoozi kottanad NedumpuramRanni-Angadi Ranni-Perunad Ezhumattoor KunnamthanamCherukole Cherukole Ranni-pazhavangadi KalloopparaVadasserikkara Vadasserikkara Ranni-Angadi KottangalSeethathodu Seethathodu Cherukole PuramattomChittar Chittar Malayalappuzha Ranni-pazhavangadiMylapra mylapra Mezhuveli VechoochiraMalayalappuzha mallappuzhassery Aranmula Ranni-AngadiMezhuveli Chenneerkkara Mallappuzhassery AyroorElanthoor Vallicode Vallicode RanniChenneerkkara Naranganam Omalloor AranmulaVallicode Thannithodu Kulanada kozhencheryNaranganam Pramadom Pandalam MallappuzhasseryThannithodu Aruvappulam Pandalam Thekkekkara KonniPramadom Kulanada Kodumon PandalamAruvappulam Thumpamon Ezhamkulam EzhamkulamKulanada Pandalam Thekkekkara Kadampanadu OmallurThumpamon Kodumon Adoor ThiruvallaPandalam Thekkekkara Enadimangalam PathanamthittaKodumon Erathu AdoorEnadimangalam PallickalErathuKalanjoorPallickalKadampanaduKalanjoor

concentration Index of Other workers.

The concentration pattern of the workers of the district

is shown in table 4.5.

Table 4.5 Concentration Pattern of Workers

4.6 ACTIVITY PATTERN BASED ON OCCUPATIONAL



2323

STRUCTURE OF WORKERS

In the above paragraphs, the

area of concentration of four

categories of workers in the

district has been delineated

taking each category of

workers separately. By

combining the

concentration pattern of

workers spatially and by

analyzing the resulting

pattern, the areas of

specialized (based on the

category of workers) activity

can be delineated.


concentration of two non

agricultural categories of

workers - House hold

industrial workers and Other

workers of the district

together. It shows that the

concentrations of this

category of workers are

mainly in the north – west

quarter of the district.


concentration of two

agricultural categories of

workers, cultivators and

agricultural labourers of the

district together. It shows

that the concentration of this

category of workers is mainly

in the central and eastern

part of the district.

The district can be divided

into two zones( based on the

Figure 4.11 Distribution of Concentration Index of both HH Industrial Workers and Other Workers

Figure 4.12 Distribution of Concentration Index of both Cultivators andAgricultural labours together



concentration index of four categories of workers) Zone

1 - Areas with predominance in agricultural related ac-

tivities, if the value of concentration index of Cultiva-

tors and Agricultural labours are more and Zone 2 –

Areas with predominance non Agriculture related ac-

tivities if the value of concentration index of House

hold industrial workers and Other workers are more.

The predominant activity of each local body of the dis-

trict based on occupational structure is shown in the

Table 4.6. It is also shown in the Figure 4.13.

Table 4.6 Activity Pattern based on Occupational Strcture of Workers.

Sl.No Municipality/ ActivityGrama Panchayat

1 Niranam Non-Agriculture

2 Kadapra Non-Agriculture

3 Peringara Non-Agriculture

4 Kuttoor Non-Agriculture

5 Kaviyoor Non-Agriculture

6 Eraviperoor Non-Agriculture

7 Koipuram Non-Agriculture

8 Thottapuzhassery Agriculture

9 Nedumpuram Non-Agriculture

10 Kunnamthanam Non-Agriculture

11 Kallooppara Non-Agriculture

12 Mallappally Agriculture

13 Anicad Agriculture

14 Kottangal Agriculture

15 Kottanad Agriculture

16 Ezhumattoor Agriculture

17 Puramattam Agriculture

18 Ranni-Pazhavangadi Non-Agriculture

19 Vechoochira Agriculture

20 Naranamoozhi Agriculture

21 Ranni-Perunad Agriculture

22 Ranni- Angadi Non-Agriculture

23 Ayiroor Non-Agriculture

24 Cherukole Agriculture

25 Vadasserikkara Agriculture

26 Seethathodu Agriculture

27 Ranni Non-Agriculture

28 Chittar Agriculture

29 Mylapra Agriculture

Sl.No Municipality/ ActivityGrama Panchayat

30 Malayalapuzha Agriculture

31 Mezhuveli Agriculture

32 Aranmula Non-Agriculture

33 Kozhenchery Non-Agriculture

34 Mallapuzhassery Non-Agriculture

35 Elanthoor Agriculture

36 Chenneerkara Agriculture

37 Vallicode Agriculture

38 Omalloor Non-Agriculture

39 Naranganam Agriculture

40 Konni Non-Agriculture

41 Thannithode Agriculture

42 Pramadom Agriculture

43 Aruvappulam Agriculture

44 Kulanada Non-Agriculture

45 Pandalam Non-Agriculture

46 Thumpamon Agriculture

47 Pandalam Thekkekara Agriculture

48 Kodumon Agriculture

49 Enadimangalam Agriculture

50 Ezhamkulam Non-Agriculture

51 Erathu Agriculture

52 Pallickal Agriculture

53 Kadampanadu Non-Agriculture

54 Kalanjoor Agriculture

55 Thiruvalla Non-Agriculture

56 Pathanamthitta Non-Agriculture

57 Adoor Non-Agriculture



2525

The spatial distribution

shows that Agricultural activ-

ity is mainly concentrated in

the eastern part of the dis-

trict and the non agricultural

activity is concentrated in the

western part of the district.

The midland area is a mix up

of both the Agricultural and

Non-Agricultural activities.

The cultivators and Agriculture laborers show a drastic

decrease in total number from 1991 to 2001. The

decrease is approximately 47%. It indicates the

weakening of the primary sector, mainly the

agricultural sector in the district. But there is

corresponding increase in the category of H.H.

Industries workers and other workers.

The number of various categories of workers in 1991

4.7 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE-TEMPORAL VARIATION

The number of various categories of workers from 1991

to 2001 of the district is shown in the Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 Fourfold workers classification (2001) –

Temporal variation

Year Cultivators Agriculture H.H. Industrial Other

labour workers

1991 83,027 87,197 3,781 1,47,590

2001 38,798 44,922 7,268 1,94,856

Source : Census 1991, 2001

and 2001 in the urban areas and rural areas of the district

is shown in table 4.8 and 4.9 respectively.

Table 4.8 Fourfold workers classification in Urban

area (2001) – Temporal variation


labour workers

1991 4,452 6,260 383 19,696

2001 1,299 2,079 618 24,622



labour workers

1991 78,299 80,757 3,361 1,30,286

2001 37,499 42,843 6,650 1,70,234


Table 4.9 Four fold workers classification in Ruralarea– Temporal variation

Figure 4.13: Activity pattern based on Occupational Structure of structure Workers



From the above tables, it is very clear that the number

of workers engaged in primary sector in rural area is

alarmingly decreasing, whereas the number of workers

in the other workers category is increasing. This has

resulted in the dilution of the rural nature of the rural

areas of the district as far as the occupational structure

is concerned.

In urban areas also, similar feature can be observed.

Workers engaged in H.H. Industry and other categories

are increasing rapidly. This has resulted in the

narrowing down of the boundary distinguishing the

character of rural and urban areas.

4.8 INFERENCE.

Pathanamthitta district ranks 12th place in the state as

far as the Work Participation Rate is concerned, as per

2001 census. Another feature noted is that the growth

rate of total workers (13.15%) is more than the

population growth rate (3.99%) during the period 1991-

2001. It indicates that the employment opportunity is

increasing more than that of population growth rate.

About 50% of the total workers are engaged in primary

sector activity but in the national level more than 60%

workers are engaged in primary sector activities. Even

in the rural area, the percentage of workers in other

workers category is high (46%). This implies that even

in rural areas, the primary sector is on decline and the

production sector is showing a declining trend. Study

of temporal variation of occupational structure shows

that the cultivators and Agriculture labourers show a

drastic decrease in total number from the year 1991 to

2001. The analysis of spatial distribution of workers

shows that Agricultural activity is mainly concentrated

in the eastern part of the district and non agricultural

activity is mainly concentrated in the western part of

the district. The middle part of the district shows a mix

up of both agricultural and non- agricultural activities.

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CHAPTER 5 >>

District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta LAND USE


2727

Chapter - 5LAND USE

Use of a particular land is indicated by the predomi-

nant activity be it agriculture, residential, commercial,

forest etc, for which the land is put to. Hence the analy-

sis of the existing land use is inevitable to understand

the predominant economic activities of an area as well

as the availability of vacant land for future economic

activities. The source of the data for analysis of landuse

is Satellite Data from IRS-P6, LISS-IV, Mx/LISS/ PAN

2003-04 (India Satellite Data). The data form part of the

National Resource and Environmental Data base

(NREDB). The Data of Land use has been purchased from

Kerala State Land Use Board.

5.1 LAND USE PATTERN OF KERALA STATE

Based on the land use data of the Natural Resources

and Environmental Data Base the Land Use of Kerala

can be categorized under 9 Major categories and the

percentage share of these categories is shown in Table

5.1 and Figure 5.1. Accordingly, predominant land use

of the state is a mix of residential and agricultural which

constitutes 48.38 % total land area. It can be further

seen that forest area of the state contribute nearly 23.18

% of the total area making the forest land use as second

highest land use of the state. The Agricultural Land use

and plantation land use together constitute 20.18%

(Agricultural 10.17% and plantation 10.01%) of total

area. The above analysis further supports the peculiar

scenario of the state, the urban rural continuum,

scattered settlement pattern, and traditional

homestead cultivation based development, i.e.

individual house surrounded by agricultural land mainly

of mixed crop cultivation.

Table 5.1: Land use break up of Kerala 2003-04

Sl: No Land use Category Percentage of

Total area

1 Forest 23.18

2 Water bodies 2.92

3 Marshy Land 0.28

4 Residential 3.45

5 Agriculture 10.17

6 Plantation 10.01

7 Res/Agr Mix 41.38

8 Other Built up Land 0.48

9 Others 8.13

Total 100.00Source: Natural Resources and Enviornmental Data Base 2003-04

Source: NREDB

Figure 5.1: Land use break up of Kerala in % 2003-01

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LAND USE District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta2828


5.2 LAND USE BREAK UP OF PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT

Total area of the district is 2654.99 Sq.km. The breakup

of land use area of the District with its percentage to

total area of the District is shown in Table 5.2 and Figure.

5.2. The land use map of the district is shown in Figure.

5.3. Major portion of land, 1203.73 Sq:Km which is

45.34% of total area falls under forest land. The

category Residential/ Agricultural mix (497.69 Sq:km)

(which include mainly dry agriculture lands where in

residential developments co-exist) and Plantation

(493.75 Sq;km) comes after forest land. The district

consists of 200.20 sq:km of land under intense

residential use, 90.25 sq km pacca agricultural land ,

31.60 sq km water bodies and 31.51 sq:km of marshy

land.

Table 5.2: Land use breakup of Pathanamthitta District

2003-04

use is under residential / Agriculture mix (18.75%) and

Plantation (18.60%). The analysis reveals that the district

is blessed with agriculture, plantation and forest

resources.

5.3 REGIONAL LAND USE STUDY

In this part the land use pattern of Pathanamthitta

District is compared with the land use pattern of Kerala

state and neighboring districts. The neighbouring

districts taken for comparison are, Alappuzha (ALP),

Kottayam (KTM) and Idukki (IDK). (Land use details of

another neighbouring district Kollam in this break up is

not available and hence not included in the analysis).

Land use pattern of Pathanamthitta in comparison with

Kerala state is shown in Table 5.3 and in Figure 5.4. From

the table and figure, it is clear that in the district the

predominant land use is forest (1203.73 sq;km) which

is 14.28% of the total forest land area of the state. The

percentage of residential and plantation area is higher

than the state percentage while the area of agriculture

and agriculture – residential mix land is lower than the

state percentage.

The comparison of land use pattern of Pathanamthitta

District with neighboring Districts is shown in the Table

5.4

Sl:No Land Use Area Percentage

(Sq:Km)

1 Forest 1203.73 45.34

2 Water bodies 31.60 1.19

3 Marshy Land 31.51 1.19

4 Residential 200.20 7.54

5 Agriculture 90.25 3.40

6 Plantation 493.75 18.60

7 Res/Agr Mix 497.69 18.75

8 Other Built up Land 0.01 0.00

9 Others 106.27 4.00

Total 2654.99 100.00

Generated from NREDB

From the analysis of land use of the district it is clear

that, nearly half of the district (45.34%) is coming under

forest land and this percentage is high among the 14

districts of the state and in area wise only Idukki district

has more area of land under forest than Pathanamthitta

district. Next to forest land, more percentage of land

Figure 5.2: Land use breakup of the Pathanamthitta district in percentage

Source: NREDB

Dis

tric

t Urb

anis

atio

n Re

port

- Pa

than

amth

itta

LAN

D U

SE

Dep

artm

ent

of T

own

& C

ount

ry P

lann

ing,

Ker

ala

Dep

artm

ent

of T

own

& C

ount

ry P

lann

ing,

Ker

ala

2929

Source: NREDB

Figure 5.3: Land use of Pathanamthitta district 2003-04



Table 5.3 Comparison of the Land Use breakup of Pathanamthitta district and Kerala state

LAND USE Pathanamthitta district Kerala state

Area in sq:km % Area in sq:km %

Percentage of

land use area of

district to state

Forest 1203.73 45.34 8426.60 23.18 14.28

Water bodies 31.60 1.19 1061.34 2.92 02.98

Marshy Land 31.51 1.19 102.51 0.28 30.74

Residential 200.20 7.54 1253.86 3.45 15.97

Agriculture 90.25 3.40 3695.24 10.17 02.44

Plantation 493.75 18.60 3638.05 10.01 13.57

Residential/

Agricultural Mix 497.69 18.75 15043.82 41.38 03.31

Other Built up

Land 0.01 0 173.36 0.48

Others 106.27 4.00 2956.94 8.13 03.59

Total 2654.99 10.00 -- -- 100.00

Generated from NREDB Kerala 2008

Figure 5.4: Percentage of land use of the district -Comparison with the state

neighboring districts is negligible.

Residential land use which includes, land uses catego-

rized as mixed built-up/mixed built-up converted from

paddy, residential, and residential (converted from

paddy). Comparison of the percentage of residential

Comparison of the

percentage of Forest land

use of each district is

shown in F igure.5.5. The

figure clearly shows that

Pathanamthitta District has

the highest percentage of

forest land and Idukki is

placed in the second

position. There is no forest

land in Alapuzha district

and the area of forest land

in Kottayam district is very low. Comparison of the state

share forest land of the districts is shown in the Figure

5.6. Comparing with the state share of forest land,

19.22% of forest land of the state is in Idukki dustrict

and 14.28% of forest land is in Pathanamthitta district

and thsese districts rank first and second places in the

state . The share of forest land of the other two



3131

Figure 5.5: Percentage of forest land use of the district -

comparison with surrounding districts

Figure 5.6: State share (in %) of forest land of the districts

- Comparison with surrounding districts

land use of neighbouring districts is shown in Figure.5.7.

The figure clearly shows that Kottayam District has the

highest percentage of residential land use and

Pathanamthitta is placed in the second position. The

percentage of residential land in Alapuzha and Idukki

districts are very low. Comparison of state share of resi-

dential land use is shown in the Figure 5.8. Comparing

the state share of residential land use, 15.57% of resi-

dential land of the state is in Pathanamthitta district

and 16.58% of residential land is in Kottayam district.

The share of residential land of the other two

neighbouring districts is negligible. Also in the state

Pathanamthitta district occupies the fourth place with

respect to residential land use area after Ernakulam,

Kannur and Kottayam districts.

LAND USE Pathanamthitta Alappuzha Kottayam Idukki

(PTA) (ALP) (KTM) (IDK)

Forest 1203.73 0 19.3 1619.71

Water bodies 31.6 176.69 80.11 92.76

Marshy Land 31.51 2.97 14.74 0

Residential 200.2 2.19 207.92 12.99

Agriculture 90.25 216.37 198.15 42.35

Plantation 493.75 0 1411.85 1249.00

Residential /Agricultural Mix land 497.69 989.52 5.62 794.03

Other Built up Land 0.01 9.3 13.71 0

Others 106.27 20.49 243.34 550.17

Total 2654.99 1417.53 2194.74 4361.01

Generated from NREDB of the Kerala (2008)

Table 5.4 Land Use berakup comaprison with Neighbouring Districts.



Residential / Agriculture mix category mainly includes

dry agriculture land uses. Comparison of the percentage

of Residential / Agriculture mix land use of each district

is shown in Figure.5.9. The figure shows that Alapuzha

district has the highest percentage of Residential /

Agriculture mix land use and Pathanamthitta is placed

in the second position closely followed by Idukki

district. The percentage of Residential / Agriculture mix

in Kottayam district is very low. Comparison of this land

use of the district with the state is shown in the Figure

5.10. The share of Residential / Agriculture mix land

use of Alapuzha, Idukki and Pathanamthitta districts in

the state are 6.58, 5.28 and 3.31 percentage

respectively.

Figure 5.7: Percentage of residential land use of the district -

comparison with surrounding districts

Figure 5.8: State share (in %) of residential land use of the

districts - Comparison with surrounding districts

Figure 5.9: Percentage of Resi-Agri mix use of the district

-comparison with surrounding districts

Figure 5.10: State share (in %) of Resi-Agri mix use of the

district - Comparison with surrounding districts



3333

Comparison of the percentage of Agricultural land use

of Pathanamthitta with the neighbouring district is

shown in Figure.5.11. The figure clearly shows that

Alappuzha district has the highest percentage of Agri-

cultural land use and Pathanamthitta is placed in the

third position after Alappuzha and Kottayam districts.

The percentage of Agricultural land use in Idukki dis-

tricts is very low. Comparison of state share of

Agricultural land use is shown in the Figure 5.12.

Comparing the state share of Agricultural land use,

5.86% of Agriculture land of the state is in Alapuzha

district and 5.36% of Agricultural land is in Kottayam

district. The share of Agricultural land of

Pathanamthitta district is only 2.44%.

Figure 5.11: Percentage of Agricultural Land use of the

district -comparison with surrounding districts

Figure 5.12: State share (in %) of Agricultural Land of the

district - Comparison with surrounding districts

Comparison of the percentage of Plantation areas of

Pathanamthitta and surrounding districts is shown in

Figure.5.13. The figure shows that Kottayam district has

the highest percentage of plantation land area

followed by Idukki and Pathanamthitta. There is no

plantation area in Alapuzha district. Comparison of state

shares of Plantation land use is shown in the Figure

Figure 5.13: Percentage of Plantation Land use of the

district -comparison with surrounding districts

Figure 5.14: State share (in %) of Plantation Land of the district -

Comparison with surrounding districts

5.14. 38.81% of Plantation land of the state is in

Kottayam district, 34.33% in Idukki district and 13.57%

in Pathanamthitta district. The analysis shows that

nearly 87% of the state plantation area is concentrated

in three districts in the region –Kottayam, Idukki and

Pathanamthitta.



The Agricultural and Plantation land use of the district

has taken together and its comparison with the

surrounding districts has taken made. The comparison

of percentage of agricultural land uses and plantation

land use together with the surrounding districts is

shown in the F igure 5.15. The figure shows that,

Kottayam district has the highest percentage of

5.4 CONCENTRATION PATTERN OF LAND USE

The concentration pattern of land uses give an idea

about where that particular land use is concentrated

within the District. The Concentration Index value may

be greater than one, equal to one or less than one.

Settlements with Concentration Index greater than one

indicate that the land use under consideration is

concentrated more than the other settlements in the

district. Using the above method, concentration index

of 9 categories of Land use (Forest, Water Bodies,

Marshy Land, Residential, Agriculture, Plantation,

Residential-Agriculture Mix, Other built up land use

and Others) are analyzed. Concentration indexes of

land uses of the local bodies of the district is given in

Annex.IV.

5.4.1 Forest Land use

Forest Land use contains land use categories of Dense

Agricultural and plantation uses, together followed by

Idukki, Pathanamthitta and Alapuzha. Comparison of

state shares of Agricultural and plantations land uses

together is shown in Figure 5.16. 21.95% of state share

the land uses in Kottayam district. The share of the

district viz Iddukki, Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha are

17.61%, 7.96% and 2.95 % respectively.

Figure 5.15: Percentage of Agriculture and Plantation

land uses together Land use of the district -comparison

with surrounding districts

Figure 5.16: State share (in %) of Agriculture and

Plantation Land uses together of the district -comparison

with surrounding districts

Mixed Forest, Dense Mixed Forest (R.F)/Forest Blank,

Dense mixed forest mainly bamboo, Dense mixed

forest mainly bamboo & teak (R.F), Dense mixed forest

mainly bamboo (R.F), Dense mixed forest mainly teak

or cashew, Bamboo (R.F), Barren Rocky/ Stone waste/

sheet rock (RF), Open mixed forest/Open mixed forest

(RF), Scrub forest, Degraded grass land (RF), Dense

mixed forest mainly rubber, Under utilized /degraded

notified forest and Dense Grassland/Degraded grass

land. The concentration pattern of forest land use

shows (Figure 5.17) that forest area of the District is

mainly concentrated in the Eastern part of the District.

Total area of active forest land of the district is 1203.73

sq km which is about 45.34% of the total area of the

district.

The forest land of the district is concentrated in four

Grama panchayaths of the district – Seetathodu,



3535Thannithodu, Aruvappulam

and Chittar. The variation of


Forest Land is shown in

Figure 5.18.

5.4.2 Agricultural land use.

The Agricultural land use

consists of Cashew/orange/

pepper/pineapple, Viruppu

(1st Crop)/Mundakan, Land

without scrub, Double Crop/

Triple crop, Agricu lture farm,

Agri culture farm (Orcha rds)/

and Mixed trees categories

of land use as demarcated in

the land use map generated

out of NREDB. The


agricultural land use

excluding plantation

(Figure-5.19) shows that

agriculture area of the

district is mainly

concentrated in the western

part, i.e. in the mid land and

low land areas.

The variation of


Agricultural land use

excluding plantation among

the local bodies is shown in

the in F igure 5.20. The

highest concentration of

agricultural land use within

the district is seen in Grama

Panchayats of Niranam,

Kadapra, Kuttur, Pandalam

Thekkekara , Pandalam

Grama Panchayats etc.

Figure 5.17: Concentration pattern of Forest land use

Figure 5.18: Variation of Concentration index of Forest Land use



The concentration pattern of

Agricultural land use

including plantation

analyzed and it is shown in

figure 5.21. In this analysis

this combination of land use

is concentrated in the central

part of the distict and also in

the Grama Panchayats-

Niranam, Kadapra, Kuttoor,

Eraviperoor and Pandalam

located in the werstern part

of the disctrict.

The concentration pattern of

combination of three land

uses - Agricultural (including

Plantation ), Residential

Agriculture mix also analysed

and it is shown in figure 5.22.

It is infered that this

particular combination of

land use is concentrated in

all LSGs of the disctrict,

except for Grama

Panchayats- Seethathodu,

Thannithodu, Aruvappulam

and Chittar, were there is

concentration of forest land.

5.4.3 Plantations: This

category of Land use

includes land use categories

of Rubber (R.F), Tea/Cofee/

cardomom/ Eucalptus, Tea &

Eucalyptus, Tea (R.F)/Cofee

(RF)/ Cardomom(RF), Teak,

Teak & Softwood (R.F), Teak

(R.F)/Cashew (RF),

Eucalyptus (R.F)/ Eucalptus

Figure 5.19: Concentration pattern of Agricultural land use(excluding plantation)

Figure 5.20: Variation in concentration index of Agriculturalland use(excluding plantation)



3737and soft wood (RF)/Soft

wood (silver oak), Oil Palm,

Oil Palm (R.F) and Rubber

as per land use data of

NREDB. The concentration

pattern of Plantations is

shown in Figure.5.23. and

variation in concentration

index of land under

Plantation is shown in

F igure 5.24. From the

figure, it is very clear that

the land under Plantations

is concentrated in the

central part of the district.

M a l a y a l a p u z h a ,

Enadimangalam, Ranni,

Ranni Pazhavangadi, Ranni

Perunad, Vechoochira,

Pramadam, Naranganam,

etc are the grama

panchayats with high values

of concentration index for

land under plantation use.

5.4.4 Residential -

Agricultural Mixed Land Use

Residential/Agricu ltural

mixed land use consists of

land use categories of

Arecanut, Banana, Banana &

Tapioca, Coconut/ coconut &

arecanut/cocconut &

tapioca, Coconut dominant

mixed crop, Current fallow,

Mixed Crop, Rubber, Mixed

and Tapioca as per the land

use data of NREDB.

Residential/Agricu ltural

mixed land use is

Figure 5.21: Concentration pattern of Agricultural land use(including plantation)

Figure 5.22: Concentration pattern of Agriculture (including Plantation)and Residential-Agricultural land uses together



concentrated in the western

part of the district. The


Res ident ia l/Ag ri cul tura l

mixed land use is shown in

Figure. 5. 25 and the variat

ion in concentration index of

Res ident ia l/Ag ri cul tura l

mixed land use is shown in

the Figure 5.26. The pattern

also reveals that the

concentration of Reside

ntial/Agricultural mixed land

use is in the midland and low

land regions of the district.

Anikkad, Pallickal, Mallapally

and Kunnamthanam are the

local governments with high

values of concentration

index for residential-

Agriculture Mixed land use.

5.4.5 Residential land use

The concentration pattern

of Residential land use is

shown in Figure 5.27. The

Residential area of the

District is mainly

concentrated in the

western half of the district.

Omallur, Pathanamthitta,

Vallicode and Thiruvalla are

the local governments with

high value of concentration

index of Residential land

use. The variation of


Residential land use among

the local bodies is shown in

Figure 5.28.

Figure 5.23: Concentration pattern of Plantations

Figure 5.24: Variation in concentration index of Plantations



3939

A combained effect ofResidential and Residential-Agriculture mix alsoanalysed and it is shown inthe figure 5.29. For all localgovernments in the westernpart of the district hascocentration index morethan 1.00 for thiscombination and that in theeastern part has less than1.00.

5.4.6 Marshy LandLand parcels which arecategorized as Temporarilymarshy land / Marshy land/Permanently marshy land isper NREDB are includedunder Marshy land. Theconcentration pattern ofMarshy land is shown inFigure. 5.30 and variation inconcentration index ofMarshy land is shown inF igure 5.31. Moreconcentration of land underthis category is in Ranni-Perunad, Peringara,Kodumon and VallicodeGrama Panchayaths.

5.4.7 Water bodiesWater bodies includeperennial, Reservoir/Canal,Reservoir Bed/River bed/River island, Water Bodies,and Back waters. Figure 5.32shows the concentrationindex of Water bodies andFigure.5.33 shows variationof concentration index

Figure 5.25: Concentration pattern of Residential-Agricultural Mixed land use

Figure 5.26: Variation of Concentration index of Residential –Agricultural Mixed land use



based on extent of landunder water bodies in thelocal governments of thedistrict. The land use in thecategory of water body ismainly concentrated alongthe river Pamba, Manimalaand Achancovil and in thelocal governmenst in the lowland region of the district.Kadapra, Narana mmoozhy,Nedumpuram, Kozhanchery,Kuttur, Aranmula andEraviperoor are the localgovernments with highconcentration index ofWater bodies.

5.4.8 Other land use

The land use catagories -Barren Rocky/ Stone waste/sheet rock, Coastal Sand,Sands/ riverine/Flood plain,Beaches, Harbour / Port,Mining / Industrial wasteland, Playground, Dam wall,Mining of NREDB aregrouped to form thecategory, Other Land use.Other Land uses are spreadin the Northern and easternparts of the district. TheOther land use is mainlyconcentrated in Kottanad,Naranammozhy, Kottangal,Ranni-Angadi, Vechoochiraand Vadasserikkara GramaPanchayts. The variation inconcentration index of Otherland uses is shown in Figure

5.34.

Figure 5.27: Concentration pattern of Residential land use

Figure 5.28: Variation of Concentration index of Residential land use



4141

Figure 5.29: Concentration pattern of Residential and Residential-Agricultural land use

Figure 5.30: Concentration pattern of Marshy land



Figure 5.31: Variation of Concentration index of Marshy land

Figure 5.32: Concentration index of Water Bodies



4343

Figure 5.33 Variation of Concentration Index of Water Bodies

Figure 5.34: Variation of Concentration index of Other land use



Table 5.6 : Break up of Agricultural land use (grouped

in to five major categories) of

Pathanamthitta District

The concentration pattern of Agricultural land use gives

an idea about where that particular Agriculture use is

concentrated. Four major categories of agriculture of

Pathanamthitta district viz: Rubber, Coconut(coconut

dominant mixed crops), Mixed crops and Paddy are

analyzed here. LSG wise Concentration index of various

crops is given in Annex.V.

Sl: Type Area PerNo (in Sq:km) centage

1 Rubber 411.45 41.17

2 Coconut dominantmixed crops 294.12 29.43

3 Mixed Crop 188.44 18.86

4 Paddy 73.66 7.37

5 Others 31.71 3.17

TOTAL 999.38 100.00

Source : Generated from NREDB

5.5 ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURE LAND USE

The agricultural land use is analyzed further for all crops

within the district. The total agricultural area of the

district is 999.38 sq km. The breakup of the agricultural

land use of Pathanamthitta district is shown in Table5.5

and Figure 5.35. Dry Agriculture contributes an area of

925.72 sq:kms and wet agriculture contributes an area

of 73.66 Sq:kms.

From the above analysis, it is found that major share

among various crops in Pathanamthitta District is rubber

(41.17%), followed by coconut dominant mixed crops

(29.43%), mixed crops (18.86%) and paddy (7.37%). The

contribution of other crops is negligible. So the

agricultural land use is analyzed further conside ring

these four main crops (Rubber, Coconut(coconut

dominant mixed crops), Mixed Crops and Paddy). The

breakup of the agricultural land use of Pathanamthitta

district considering these main crops (grouped in to

five major categories) is shown in Table 5.6 and Figure

5.37.

Source : Generated from NREDB

Sl Type of cultivation Area in Per

No. Sq:km centage

1 Land without scrub 4.67 0.47

2 Paddy 73.66 7.37

3 Mixed Trees 11.91 1.19

4 Banana 7.25 0.73

5 Banana and Tapioca 7.70 0.77

6 Coconut dominant

mixed crops 294.12 29.43

7 Current fallow 0.00 0.00

8 Mixed Crop 188.44 18.86

9 Rubber 411.45 41.17

10 Tapioca 0.18 0.02

TOTAL 999.38 100.00

Table 5.5 Breakup of Agricultural land us of

Pathanamthitta District, 2008

Source: NREDB

Figure : 5.35 Breakup of the Agricultual land use ofPathanamthitta District.



4545

5.5.1 Rubber

Figure 5.37 shows the distribution of the concentration

index of the Rubber land use. Northern portion of the

central part of the district have the highest

concentration of Rubber land use. Most of the LSGs on

eastern part of mid land are also showing a clear

dominance of Rubber land use. From the highland area

to low land area of the district, the value of

concentration index of rubber is descending.

Enadimangalam, Ranni, Ranni-Perunad, Ranni-

Pazhavangadi, Vechhochira, Malayalapuzha are the

local bodies with high concentration index.

5.5.2 Concentration pattern of Coconut land use

F igure Figure 5.38 shows the distribution of the

concentration index of the coconut land use. From the

figure, it is clear that the high concentration of coconut

land use is seen in the LSGs in the western part of the

district. Midland and highland areas have concentration

index less than one indicating poor land cover of

coconut. Mallappally, Kunnamthanam, Pallickal,

Kalluppara, Kadapra, Kottangal, Kulanada are the Grama

Panchayats with high value of concentration index for

cocunut cultivation.

Figure 5.37: Breakup of Agricultural land use (grouped in

Source: NREDB

5.5.3 Mixed crops


index of the mixed crop land use. From the figure it is

clear that there is no specific pattern regarding the

concentration of mixed crop, but scattered in the local

bodies governments in the western part of the district.

5.5.4 Paddy


index of the Paddy land use. Highest concentration

index of the paddy area is found in LSGs in the low land

and western part of Mid land. Niranam, Kadappra,

Pandalam Thekkekara, Pandalam, Eraviperoor and

Kaviyoor are the Grama Panchayats with high

concentration of Paddy fields.

5.6 MAJOR AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES

In the above paragraphs, the areas of concentration of

the major agriculture land uses in the District are

delineated based on crops, viz: coconut, mixed crop,

paddy and rubber. By combining the concentration

pattern of major agricultural land uses spatially and by

analyzing the resulting pattern, areas of major

agriculture (based on the existing land use) activity can

be delineated. Figure 5.41 shows the concentration

pattern of all the four major agriculture land uses

together. From the figure, the areas of specialization

can be delineated. From the figure it is found that three

Grama Panchayats – Aruvappulam, Seethathodu and

Thannithodu do not exhibit any specialization in

agriculture activities.

Figure : 5.36 Breakup of the Agricultual land use (Groupedinto five major catagories) of Pathanamthitta District.



Figure 5.37: Concentration pattern of Rubber cultivation lands

Figure 5.38 : Concentration pattern of Coconut cultivation lands



4747

Figure 5.40: Concentration pattern of Paddy cultivation lands

Figure 5.39: Cocentration pattern of Mixed Crop cultivation lands



5.7 MAJOR AGRICULTURE

ACTIVITIES INCLUDING

PLANTATION

From the analysis of major

agricultural activities it is

found that three Grama

Panchayats – Aruvappulam,

Seethathodu and Thannithdu

do not exhibit any

specialization in agriculture

activities. But as per real to

ground scenario these areas

are active in primary sector

activities. Hence the analysis

is further extended including

Plantation. (In this analysis the

Plantation area include the

area under rubber cultivation

also)


concentration of all major

agriculture land uses

together with plantation.

From the figure, the areas of

Specialization, based on the

agriculture land use , can be

delineated. In this analysis

also three Grama

Panchayaths- Aruvappulam,

Thannithodu and

Seethathodu do not exhibit

any specialization in

Figure 5.41 Concentration pattern of all major Agriculture crops together

Figure 5.42 Concentration pattern of all major Agricultural crops together with Plantation



4949

agriculture activities including Plantation. It is due to

coverage of Forest land in these Grama Panchayaths.

Local body wise Agricultural Activity is shown given in

the Annex.VI.

5.8 ACTIVITY ZONES BASED LAND USE CONCENTRATION

PATTERN

In the previous sections, the areas of concentration of

the major land uses in the District is delineated taking

each land use separately. By combining the concent

ration pattern of the major land uses spatially and by

analyzing the resulting pattern, activity pattern of LSGs

(based on the existing land use) can be evolved. In

order to evolve the activity pattern the nine categoriesof land uses are grouped into 4 categories which areNon agricultural, Agricultural, Forest and Plantation asgiven in Table 5.7.

The concentration index ofthese major land use catego-ries- Urban land use, Agricul-ture, Forest and Plantation isshown in Annex. VII. and thedistribution of concentra-tion index are shown in Fig-ures 5.43, 5.44, 5.45 and 5.46respectively.

The criteria adopted foridentification of activity ofthe LSGs is shown in Table5.8. The activity of LSGs basedon land use is given in Table5.9.

The activity pattern basedon the land use is shown inFigure. 5.47.

Sl: Major Land use land use Catagories

No grouped

1 Urban land use Other built-up + Residential

(Non Agriculture) (Plot size <50 cents)

2 Agriculture Agri + Resi /Agri+Residential

(Plot size >50 cents

3 Forest All components of

Forest land use

4 Plantation All components of

Plantation land use

Table 5.7: Grouping of land use classifications

Figure 5.43: Distribution of concentration index of Urban land use



Figure 5.44: Distribution of concentration index of Agricultural land use

Figure 5.45: Distribution of concentration index of Forest land use



5151

Sl: No. Activity based on Land use Criteria

1 Urban Concentration index of Urban > CI Agri / CI Plantation

2 Agricultural Concentration index of Agri > CI Urban /CI Plantation

3 Plantation Concentration index of Plantation > CI Urban / CI Agri

4 Forest Concentration index of Forest > CI of Agricalture / Plantation/ Urban

Table 5.8 Criteria for determination of Activity based on Land use

Figure 5.46: Distribution of concentration index of Plantation land use

Sl. No Name of Grama Panchayats/ Municipalities Activity

1 Chennerkara Agriculture

2 Cherukole Plantation

3 Elanthoor Plantation

4 Kozhencherry Agriculture

5 Mallappuzhasserry Agriculture

6 Naranganam Plantation

7 Omallur Agriculture

8 Ayroor Agriculture

9 Eraviperoor Agriculture

Table 5.9 Activity of LSGs based on Land use



10 Ezhumattoor Agriculture

11 Koipuram Agriculture

12 Puramattom Agriculture

13 Thottappuzhasserry Agriculture

14 Aruvappulam Forest

15 Konni Plantation

16 Malayalapuzha Plantation

17 Mylapra Plantation

18 Pramadom Plantation

19 Thannithodu Forest

20 Vallicodu Agriculture

21 Aranmula Agriculture

22 Kulanada Agriculture

23 Mezhuveli Agriculture

24 Anicadu Agriculture

25 Kallooppara Agriculture

26 Kaviyoor Agriculture

27 Kottanadu Agriculture

28 kottangal Agriculture

29 Kunnamthanam Agriculture

30 Mallappally Agriculture

31 Pandalam Agriculture

32 Pandalam Thekkekkara Agriculture

33 Thumpamon Agriculture

34 Enadimangalam Plantation

35 Erathu Agriculture

36 Ezhamkulam Agriculture

37 Kadampanadu Agriculture

38 Kalanjoor Plantation

39 Kodumon Agriculture

40 Pallickal Agriculture

41 Kadapra Agriculture

42 Kuttoor Agriculture

43 Nedumpram Agriculture

44 Niranam Agriculture

45 Peringara Agriculture

46 Chittar Forest

47 Naranammoozhy Plantation




5353

The analysis of land useconcentration patternshows that most of theplantation activities areconcentrated on the high-land region of the district.The urban activity is con-fined to one settlement –Thiruvalla. The agricul-tural activities are pre-dominantly concentratedin the midland and low-land regions of the district.

5.9 INFERENCE

The spatial distribution ofthe land use of the districtshows that there is cleardistinction between

area is concentrated in the midland and the low land

regions of the district. The plantation area is located in

between the forest area and Agricalture area. The non-

agriculture area of the district is limited to one LSG –

Thiruvalla Municipality as per land use.


48 Ranni Plantation

49 Ranni Angadi Plantation

50 Ranni Pazhavangady Plantation

51 Ranny Perunadu Plantation

52 Seethathodu Forest

53 Vadasserikkara Plantation

54 Vechoochira Plantation

55 Adoor (M) Agriculture

56 Pathanamthitta (M) Agriculture

57 Thiruvalla (M) Urban

Figure 5.47: Activity pattern of the district based on land use

various land uses – forest, plantation, agriculture,urban activities of the district which make it possibleto assign development character to each region. Theforest area is concentrated in four Grama Panchayats -Seethathodu, Thannithodu, Aruvappulam and Chittarlocated in the eastern part of the distict. Agriculture

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FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta5454


Chapter 6FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

A close examination of the land use pattern existing in

Kerala will reveal that there are only a few areas in the

State which are pucca urban or pucca rural. In between

the pucca urban or pucca rural areas, there exists chunks

of land (‘in between land’) with mixed land use, where

a combination of residential and agricultural land use

prevails. This peculiar character of the land use makes

it difficult to classify a local body or a particular area of

a local body as either pucca urban or pucca rural. The

pucca urban or pucca rural area is only a minor share of

the total area; the remaining area being mixed land

use areas. Hence the character of the mixed land use

area determines the total character of the area. This

mixed land use area is to be again classified in order to

ascertain the character of the land use of an area.

Integrated District Development Plan (IDDP) Kollam

suggested a solution for this and is explained in

Annex 6 of the report of IDDP Kollam Perspective Plan

which is adopted here. It is as follows.

Average plot size of the mixed land use is taken as the

major criterion for classifying the mixed use area,

because in most of the cases, this determines type of

activity to be introduced there and consequently the

character of the mixed land use area. The following

criteria are adopted for classification.

If the average plot size (total area /number of houses)

in the mixed land use area is such that one can earn

reasonable income from agricultural activity alone

(without considering the present status of land use), it

can be classified as a rural area.

If the average plots size is such that a family can earn

their livelihood only partially from the agricultural

activity it can be termed as semi urban or semi rural

area. The share of the agricultural and non agricultural

activity determines whether it is a semi urban or semi

rural area. If the plot size is such that a family has to

earn major share of their livelihood from rural activity

but has to resort to some urban activity also to fill the

gap (in the earnings) it can be termed as semi rural

area. A reverse situation indicates a semi urban area.

If the average plot size is not at all sufficient to earn

livelihood from agriculture activity can be treated as

urban area. From the above explanation, it can be

concluded that the mixed land use area can be

classified as rural area, urban area, semi urban area

and semi-rural area based on the average plot size.

6.2 CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS

In this context, a ward or a local body will be having

either pucca urban area, pucca rural area or mixed use

area in separate or in its combination. And also the

mixed land use area can be further classified into-

Urban, semi urban, semi rural and rural as noted above.

When the total area of a ward or local body is

concerned, the predominance of any of the four (urban

land use, rural land use, semi urban or semi rural)

determines the character of the area. While this

condition is always acceptable, certain other

conditions, from the practical point of view, are also

incorporated for classification of an area. The

conditions are elaborated below.

The character of an area can be termed as urban

1. If the pucca urban land use (not taking into

account the classification of mixed land use) is

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS


5555

more than or equal to 25% of the total area. (The

analysis of the land use of various urban local

bodies & the share of various land uses of an

urban area as specified in the UDPFI guide lines

shows that an urban area is having a residential

land use of the same percentage as that of pucca

urban land use. So if the pucca urban land use is

25% then by adding the residential share of 25%

the total urban land use share becomes 50%)

2. If the urban land use (taking into account the

classification of mixed land use also) percentage

is 50% or more of the total area of a region.

The character of an area can be termed as rural

1. If the pucca rural land use share is more than

50% .

2. If the rural land use (taking into account both

pucca rural land use in the classification of mixed

land use) share is greater than or equal to 50% of

the total area.

The character of an area can be termed as Semi urban,

1. If the mixed land use area is classified as semi

urban and the sum of urban land use share and

semi urban residential land use is greater than

or equal to 50% of the total area.

The character of an area can be termed as Semi rural,

1. If the mixed land use area is classified as semi

rural area and the sum of rural land use share

and semi rural- mixed land use land use is greater

than or equal to 50% of the total area.

2. If the pucca rural land use share is at least 1/3rd of

the total area and the mixed land use is not urban

or semi urban (this condition is included after

practical verification).

Based on the above methodology, the function of all

settlements of the district has been derived and it is

shown in the Table 6.1 and the Figure 6.1.

Table 6.1 Functional Character of LSGIs

Sl. No Name of Panchayats Functional Classification1 Chennerkara RURAL2 Cherukole RURAL3 Elanthoor RURAL4 Kozhencherry RURAL5 Mallappuz hasserry RURAL6 Naranganam RURAL7 Om allur URBAN8 Ayroor RURAL9 Eraviperoor RURAL10 Ezhumattoor RURAL11 Koipuram RURAL12 Puramattom RURAL13 Thottappuzhasserry RURAL14 Aruvappulam RURAL15 Konni RURAL16 Malayalapuz ha RURAL17 Mylapra RURAL18 Pramadom RURAL19 Tha nnithodu RURAL20 Va ll ic odu RURAL21 Aranmula RURAL22 Kula na da RURAL23 Mezhuveli RURAL24 Anic adu RURAL25 Ka lloo ppa ra RURAL26 Kaviyoor RURAL27 Kottanadu RURAL28 kotta ngal RURAL29 Kunnamthanam RURAL30 M al la ppa lly RURAL31 Panda la m SEMI URBAN32 Pandalam Thekkekkara RURAL33 Thumpamon RURAL34 Enadima ngalam RURAL35 Erathu RURAL36 Ezhamkulam RURAL37 Ka da mpa na du RURAL38 Kalanjoor RURAL39 Kodumon SEMI URBAN40 Pal l icka l RURAL41 Ka dapra RURAL42 Kuttoor SEMI RURAL43 Nedumpram RURAL44 Niranam SEMI RURAL45 Peringara RURAL46 Chittar RURAL47 Naranammoozhy RURAL48 Ra nni RURAL49 Ranni Angadi RURAL50 Ranni Pazhavangady RURAL51 Ranny Perunadu RURAL52 Seetha thodu RURAL53 Va da sserikka ra RURAL54 Vechoochira RURAL55 Adoor (M) RURAL56 Pathanamthitta (M) RURAL57 Thiruvalla (M) URBAN

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER OF SETTLEMENTS District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta5656


Based on the above analysis only two settlements in

the district, Thiruvalla and Omallur has urban character.

The two urban local bodies of the district- Pathana

mthitta and Adoor come under the classification as

rural. Pandalam and Kodumon Grama Panchayats come

under the category Semi urban and Niranam and Kuttur

come under Semi rural category.

Figure 6.1 Functional classification of Settlements

6.3 INFERENCE

The spatial distribution of the settlements based on itscharacter shows a clear demarcation of the settlementsin four categories- rural, urban, semi urban and semirural. But majority of the settlements in the district –51 out of 57 are with rural character. The 6 non ruralcharacter settlements of the district are in the westernpart of the district.

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CHAPTER 7 >>

District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS


5757

Chapter 7HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

7.1 EXISTING HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

In this chapter the existing hierarchy of settlements

(LSGs) has been found out based on the number and

orders of facilities available in the settlements. There

are 57 settlements (Municipalities and Grama

panchayats) in the district. Out of these, 54 settlements

are rural and 3 settlements are urban. Composite

Functional Index (CFI) method is used to find out the

hierarchy of settlement. The existing hierarchy of

settlements is worked out based on the facilities

available in the settlements and the following facilities

have been considered for identifying the hierarchy.

1. Educational facilities

2. Health facilities

3. Market facilities

4. Facilities in Agriculture and allied sector

5. Physical infrastructure facilities

6. Transportation facilities

The weightage for each facility is worked out based

on the following formula,

wi = N/fi , where,

wi = weightage of ith facility available in the settlements

N = total number of settlements in the district

fi = number of settlements having ith facility

Using this weightage composite facility score is

calculated for each settlement. Then CFI values are

arrived at. The details are given in Annex VIII and IX.

The graph showing the composite functional index

against number of settlements is given in Figure 7.1.

The CFI value for Thiruvalla municipality is 489.4, which

is very high when compared to CFI values of other

settlements and is not considered in drawing the graph

as it will make the graph difficult for assessing the hi-

erarchy of lower order settlements. Therefore,

Thiruvalla Municipality is made as the first order settle-

ment of the district. The remaining settlements are

grouped into three categories based on the score, as

shown in the graph. The names of settlements in each

category are given below.

I Order Settlements

1. Thiruvalla Municipality.

II Order Settlements

1. Pathanamthitta Municipality.

2. Adoor Municipality

3. Pandalam

III Order Settlements

1. Ranni

2. Peringara

3. Mallappally

4. Koipuram

Figure 7.1 CFI against number of settlements

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5858

5. Konni

6. Kadampanad

7. Ranni Pazhavangadi

8. Kozhanchery

9. Cheneerkara

10. Ezhamkulam

11. Pallikkal

12. Aranmula

IV Order Settlements

1. Kodumon

2. Enadimangalam

3. Kadapra

4. Vechoochira

5. Elanthoor

6. Ezhumattoor

7. Puramattom

8. Kulanada

9. Kaviyoor

10. Kalanjoor

11. Pandalam Thekkakara

12. Ranni Perunad

13. Pramadom

14. Naranganam

15. Vadasseerikara

16. Thottapuzhessery

17. Ayroor

18. Erathu

19. Kallooppara

20. Mezhuveli

21. Seethathode

22. Vallicode

23. Aruvapulam

24. Kottanad

25. Eraviperoor

26. Ranni Angadi

27. Kuttoor

28. Mallapuzhassery

29. Malayalapuzha

30. Cherukole

31. Mylapra

32. Chittar

33. Kottangal

34. Thumpamon

35. Kunnamthanam

36. Thannithode

37. Omallor

38. Niranam

39. Nedumpuram

40. Anicad

41. Naranammoozhy

The Spatial distribution of existing hierarchy of the

settlements is shown in the Figure 7.2. The first order

settlement,viz, Thiruvalla municipality is located in the

North West corner of the district. The second order

settlements are located towards the centre of the

habitated area of the district which are also along the

two major State Highways of the district, M.C.Road and

Thiruvalla Kumbazha Road. The third order settlements

are almost equally distributed in the entire area of the

district except in the southern tip, where there is a

concentration of three third order settlements adjacent

to the second order settlement, Adoor.

7.2 SUGGESTED HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

In this paragraph, the proposed hierarchy of

settlements is identified. The concept of Crystallor’s

Central place theory has been adopted here. The

following factors are also considered for identification

of proposed hierarchy of settlements.

i. Existing Hierarchy of settlements

ii. Existing facilities

iii. Geographical positions of the settlements



5959

surrounding the

higher order

settlements

iv. Connectivity of higher

order and surrounding

settlements

v. Functional character

of the higher order

and surrounding

settlements

vi. Pattern of movement

of the people and

vii. Physical barriers

7.2.1 Identification of I Order

Settlements

While assessing the

proposed hierarchy of

settlements of the district

after 20 years, the existing hierarchy of the settlements,

especially of those settlements with higher order,

cannot be changed altogether. The existing hierarchy

of settlements in the district falls under four categories

viz. I order settlements, II Order settlements, III Order

settlements and IV Order settlements.

At present, there is only one first order settlement,

viz., Thiruvalla. This settlement performs the higher

order functions of the district. Even though

Pathanamthitta is administrative headquarters of the

district, some of the district level offices are still

functioning in Thiruvalla. At the same time, Thiruvalla

acts as the commercial hub of the district. Also, even

though Pathanamthitta town has commercial facilities

(not up to the extent of commercial facilities available

at Thiruvalla); its prominent role is to act as the

administrative headquarters of the district. Hence, both

Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla are taken as first order

settlements. The service area of both the first order

settlements spreads over the entire district

7.2.2 Identification of II Order Settlements

As explained in the previous paragraph, Thiruvalla and

Pathanamthitta are suggested as first order settlements

of the district. Pathanamthitta, Adoor and Pandalam

are the existing second order settlements. The

suggested first order settlements and the existing

second order settlements are marked in Figure 7.3.

In order to reduce the disparity in development, it is

desirable to have each order of settlement spread in a

uniform manner throughout the entire area of the

district. As shown in Figure 7.3, if we divide the

inhabited area of the district into four quadrants, the

Pathanamthitta municipality will come at the meeting

point of the vertical and horizontal lines. The existing

second order settlements serve only the Grama

Panchayaths coming in the South-West quadrant. There

is no second order settlements in the North – West ,

North-East and South-East quadrants. As per the

Cryastallor’s theory the lower order settlements will

Figure 7.2: Existing Hierarchy of Settlements



6060be placed at the vertices of

the hexagonal service area

of the of the higher order

settlements. But this theory

cannot be applied here as

the entire district is assumed

as the service area of the first

order settlements (Thiru

valla and Pathana mthitta).

Hence second order

settlements from the South-

East and North-East quad

rants areidentified based on

the criteria l ike administrative status, centrality,connectivity and existinghierarchy of settlements etcand weightages has beengiven to each of thesecriteria. Four settlementspossessing high CFI valuesfrom each quadrant has beenselected to find out thesecond order settlements inthe respective quadrant andthe settlement whichobtained the highest valuebased on the above criteriais suggested as second ordersettlement. The details arefurnished in the Figure 7.4and Table 7.1.

Accordingly Mallapally fromthe North-West quad rant,Ranni from North-Eastquadrant and Konni from theSouth-East quadrant areidentified as second order

settlements based on the scores got in the aboveanalysis. The second order settlements, thus identifiedare

1.Adoor

Figure 7.3: Suggested I Order and Existing II Order Settlements

Figure 7.4: Identification of Second Order Settlements

2.Pandalam3.Mallapally4.Ranni and5.Konni



6161

The spatial distribution of

suggested II Order

settlements is shown in the

Figure 7.5.

In order to identify the

service area of each of the

second order settlements,

perpendicular bisectors are

drawn (in accordance with

the Crystallor’s theory) from

the line joining the nearest

second order settlements

and the polygon formed

with center as the second

order settlements are taken

as the service area of second

order settlements.

Qua

dran

ts Settlements

Score

CFI

Scor

e

Centrality value Administrative

Status/HQ

Connectivity

Qua

dran

ts

Centre First Second

Circle Circle

Taluk Munici Block

HQ pality HQ

SH MDR

1 for10 CFI 15 10 5 15 10 5 3 2

Perigara 9 5 3 17

Mallapally 8 5 15 5 3 36

Koipuram 8 10 5 3 26

Kozhanchery 6 5 3 14

Ranni 10 10 15 5 3 43

Ranni-Pazhavangadi 6 10 3 19

Ranni-Perunad 4 10 14

Vadasserikara 4 10 14

Konni 8 5 5 3 21

Ezhankulam 5 5 3 13

Kodumon 5 5 10

Enadimangalam 3 5 3 11

N-W

N-E

S-E

Table 7.1: Identification of Second Order Settlements

Figure 7.5: Spatial distribution of Second Order Settlements



6262

Usually a higher order

settlement fulfil ls the

second order needs of the

surrounding settlements.

i.e., the first order

settlements usually function

as second order settlements

also. Though the service area

of the second order

settlements are delineated

as described above, this has

to be readjusted taking into

account the service area of

the first order settlements,

with its function as a second

order settlement. Hence the

line joining the first order

and second order

service area with almost hexagonal shape has been

formed.

Kozhanchery, Malayalapuzha, Kodumon, Pandalam

Thekkekara and Thottapuzhassery grama panchayaths

form the vertices of the hexagonal service area of the

first order settlement, Pathanamthitta Municipality.

Among the above settlements, Kozhenchery has been

taken as a third order settlement. The other

settlements, Malayalappuzha, Kodumon,

PandalamThekkekara and Thottapuzhassery are not

considered as these settlements are closely placed to

the higher order settlements.

In order to find the service area of the third order

settlements, hexagons are drawn based on the

population density. The details of the size of hexagon

shown in Annex XI. The third order settlement

(including the higher order settlement) and their

service area delineated is shown in the Figure 7.7.

From the Figure 7.7 it is clear that some area in the

eastern part of the district is not served by any of the

settlements are bisected to find the service area of the

second order settlement and the service areas

identified are given in F igure 7.6. The service

settlements of various second order settlements and

service population is given in Annex.X. The Kalanjoor

Grama Panchayath and part of Enadimangalam Grama

Panchayath depend on Pathanapuram Grama

Panchayath of Kollam district for its higher order

functions. However, these are shown as part of service

area of Konni panchayath and Adoor municipality.

7.2.3 Identification of III Order settlements

As per the Cryastallor ’s theory, the lower order

settlements will be placed at the vertices of the

hexagonal service area of the of the higher order

settlements. This means that third order settlements

will be those settlements, coinciding with the vertices

of the hexagonal service are of the second order

settlements. Also the higher order settlements will

function as the lower order settlements as well. In the

case of Pathanamthitta Municipality(I order), the

Figure 7.6: Service Settlements and Service area of Second Order Settlements



6363

higher order settlements.

The population in this area is

very less when compared to

other part of the district, since

major portion of this area is

forest. However, by

considering the large extent

of area it is necessary to

identify a third order

settlement in this region.

Considering the connectivity

Chittar has been identified as

a third order settlement in the

region. Hence, the suggested

III order settlements are

1. Kozhanchery and

2. Chittar

Figure 7.7: Third Order Settlements and their Service Area

The spatial distribution of the third order settlements

and their service settlements shown in the Figure 7.8.

The service settlements of III

order settlements and their

population is shown in the

Annex XII.

The proposed hierarchy of

settlements of the district is

shown in the Figure 7.9 and

it is also summarized in the

Table 7.2

7.3 CHARACTER OF HIGHER

ORDER SETTLEMENTS

The character of a

settlement means whether

it possess urban nature, semi

urban nature, semi rural

nature or rural nature as

given in the chapter 6. The

character of higher order

Figure 7.8: Service Settlements and their Service area of Third Order Settlements



6464

Order of the Sl.No Name of the settlement

settlement

1 Pathanamthitta

2 Thiruvalla

1 Adoor

2 Konni

3 Mallappally

4 Pandalam

5 Ranni

1 Chittar

2 Kozhanchery

1 Anicad

2 Aranmula

I

II

III

IV

3 Aruvappulam

4 Ayiroor

5 Chenneerkara

6 Cherukole

7 Elanthoor

8 Enadimangalam

9 Erathu

10 Eraviperoor

11 Ezhamkulam

12 Ezhumattoor

13 Kadampanadu

14 Kadapra

Table 7.2 Suggested Hierarchy of Settlements

Figure 7.9: Proposed Hierarchy of settlements



6565

15 Kalanjoor

16 Kallooppara

17 Kaviyoor

18 Kodumon

19 Koipuram

20 Kottanad

21 Kottangal

22 Kozhenchery

23 Kulanada

24 Kunnamthanam

25 Kuttoor

26 Malayalapuzha

27 Mallapuzhassery

28 Mezhuveli

29 Mylapra

30 Naranamoozhi

31 Naranganam

32 Nedumpuram


settlement

IV


settlement

33 Niranam

34 Omalloor

35 Pallickal

36 Pandalam Thekkekara

37 Peringara

38 Pramadom

39 Puramattam

40 Ranni- Angadi

41 Ranni-Pazhavangadi

42 Ranni-Perunad

43 Seethathodu

44 Thannithode

45 Thottapuzhassery

46 Thumpamon

47 Vadasserikkara

48 Vallicode

49 Vechoochira

settlements are summarized in the Table 7.3.

The first order settlement, Pathanamthitta

Municipality is of rural character. Out of the five II order

settlements four are of rural character and only one

settlement: viz. Pandalam has Semi-Urban character.

The III order settlements suggested also have rural

character.

7.4 INFERENCE

As per the proposed hierarchy of settlements, there

are two first order settlements, five second order

settlements, two third order settlements and the

remaining settlements are fourth order settlements in

the district. In the character wise analysis of the higher

order settlements shows that only Thiruvalla is urban

in nature. Pandalam is Semi Urban and the remaining

higher order settlements are rural.

Order of the Name of the Charcter

settlement settlement settlement

Pathanamthitta RURAL

Thiruvalla URBAN

Adoor RURAL

Konni RURAL

Mallappally RURAL

Pandalam SEMI-URBAN

Ranni RURAL

Chittar RURAL

Kozhenchery RURAL

I

II

III

Table 7.3 Character of Higher order settlements

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URBAN PROFILE District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta6666


Chapter 8URBAN PROFILE

8.1 TREND OF URBANIZATION –KERALA

At the turn of the 20th century, Kerala had a population

of 63.96 lakhs, of which 59.42 lakhs (92.89 per cent of

the total population) were in its rural areas of the state.

At the end of the 20th century ( in 2001 census) the total

population in Kerala has increased to 3.18 crores , of

which rural population is 2.35 crores (which constitutes

about 74% of the total population). The population

figures of the State as per census 2001 are shown in the

table 8.1

Table 8.1: Population figures (2001) of Kerala at a glance

There was an increase of about 400% in the total

population of Kerala within the last century. During this

period, rural population increased by 300 %. Rural

population content in Kerala was declined from 92.89%

to 74% of the total population during the last century.

This is an indication on the trend of urbanization in

Kerala. The population figures of the last three decades

and growth rates of total population and urban

population are shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Trend of population growth of Kerala - 1981-2001

Year Total population Growth rate of total Growth rate in

population urban population

1981 25453680 19.24 37.64

1991 29098518 14.32 60.97

2001 31838619 9.42 7.64

Source : Census 1981, 1991, 2001

Total (in Persons) Male ( in Persons) Female (in Persons)

Total 31838619 15468664 16369955

Rural 23571484 11450785 12120699

Urban 8267135 4017879 4249256


There is a steady decline in the population growth rate

over the last three decades. Population growth rate

was 19.24% in 1971-1981 and it reduced to 9.24% in

1991-2001. During the period 1981-91 population of

36.45 lakh were added to the previous decade’s popu-

lation, whereas during the period 1991-2001, popula-

tion of only 27.4 lakhs were added within the next

decade. The growth rate of urban population of Kerala

over the last three decades shows that it is in a transi-

tion phase. Over the last two decades (1971-81 and

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6767

1981-91) growth rate in urban population was on the

rise, 37.64% (1971-1981) and 60.97% (1981-1991). But

the urban population growth rate has drastically de-

clined to 7.64% during 1991- 2001 with a decrease in

growth rate of 87.5 % over the preceding decadal ur-

ban population growth rate.

At the same time, the growth rate in total population

has decreased from 14.32 % to 9.42% with a decreased

rate of 34.22%. This indicates that over the last decade,

there is backwash of population into the rural area.

This is an indicator to the planners to take the planning

of rural areas with more concern than before and

subsequently address the reasons for the backwash of

population to rural areas. The trends in urbanisation of

Kerala is shown in Table 8.3.

8.2 CENSUS URBAN AREAS IN PATHANAMTHITTA

DISTRICT.As per the 2001 census, thetotal population of Pathanamthitta District is12,34,016, which constitutes about 3.87 % of thetotal population of theState. Of the totalpopulation of Pathanamthitta district, 1,23,798 isurban population which is10.03 % of the totalpopulation of the District.There are three urban areain 2001 census, i.e.,Pathanamthitta Municipality, Thiruvalla Municipality and Adoor Municipality in the District. Thecensus urban areas ofPathanamthitta District asper 2001census is shown inFigure 8.1

Year Total Total urban Percentage of Growth rate Growth rate Rate of increase

population population Urban of total in urban or decreases in

population population population growth rate

Total Urban

1981 25453680 4771275 18.74 19.24 37.64

1991 29098518 7680294 26.39 14.32 60.97 -25.57 61.98

2001 31838619 8267135 25.97 9.42 7.64 -34.22 -87.50Source : Census 1981, 1991, 2001

Table 8.3: Trends in urbanization of Kerala - 1981-2001

Figure 8.1 Urban Areas of the district 2001



8.3 URBAN POPULATION CONTENT

The process of urbanization of an area can be assessed

in relation to its urban population content. The urban

population content of Kerala state is 26%, whereas that

of the Pathanamthitta district is 10%. On comparing the

urban content of all the 14 districts of the State, it can

be seen that Pathanamthitta District is positioned in

the 11th rank. The total population, rural population,

urban population and percentage of urban population

and ranking of the districts are shown in Table 8.4. This

shows that the process of urbanization is rather slow in

District Population 2001 Urban Content

Urban Rural Total % Urban Rank 2001

Kannur 1212898 1196058 2408956 50.3 1

Ernakulam 1477085 1628713 3105798 47.6 2

Kozhikode 1101157 1777974 2879131 38.2 3

Thiruvananthapuram 1091661 2142695 3234356 33.8 4

Alappuzha 621457 1487703 2109160 29.5 5

Thrissur 839433 2134799 2974232 28.2 6

Kasargod 233700 970378 1204078 19.4 7

Kollam 465978 2119230 2585208 18.0 8

Kottayam 299808 1653838 1953646 15.3 9

Palakkad 356575 2260907 2617482 13.6 10

Pathanamthitta 123798 1110218 1234016 10.0 11

Malappuram 356170 3269301 3625471 9.8 12

Idukki 57593 1071628 1129221 5.1 13

Wayanad 29612 751007 780619 3.8 14


Pathanamthitta District when compared with other

districts.

8.4 GROWTH RATE OF URBAN POPULATION

The details of urban population of the district is given

in Table 8.5. The urban population of the district during

1991 was 1,55,034. This was reduced to 1,23,798 in 2001

due to degradation of Pandalam as a Grama panchayath.

The percentage of urban population in the district

reduced from 13.05% to 10.03%. The corresponding

figures for the state are 26.39% and 25.97%.

Table 8.4 District wise percentage of urban population



6969

Table 8.5 Variation in urban population of thedistrict

Year Total Urban Percent

Population Population of Urban

Population

1991 1188332 155034 13.05

2001 1234016 123798 10.03


two urban centers Adoor and Thiruvalla and few of

these have populatin growth rate more than that of

the urban centers. Generally, the grama panchayaths

in the western part of the district along the major

travel corridors and adjacent to urban centers have

more population growth rate. LSGs wise population

growth rate for the decade 1991-2001 is furnished in

the Annex.I.

8.5 URBAN SETTLEMENTS IN 1991 AND 2001

The statutory urban local bodies in this district as per

1991 census were Pathanamthitta municipality,

Thiruvalla municipality, Pandalam municipality and

Adoor municipality. In 1993, the Pandalam municipality

was degraded to Grama Panchayath. Hence the number

of urban centers in the district was reduced to three in

2001 Census.

The Thiruvalla municipality was formed in 1920,

Pathanamthitta municipality in 1978 and Adoor

The growth rate of urban

population for the district

during the period 1991-2001

was -20.15%. This was due

to the degradation of

Pandalam from munici pality

to Grama Panchayat. The

growth rate of urban

population for Kerala during

this period was 7.64% and

that for India was 31.4%.

The Figure 8.2 depicts the

population growth rate of

various Municipalities and

Grama Panchayaths of

Pathanamthitta district.

Among the three munici

palities in the district, Adoor Myunicipality recorded

the highest growth rate of 8.68% and the remaining

two Municipalities ,i.e Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla

recorded growth rates of 5.93%and 3.76% respectively.

Pandalam Thekkekara (9.53%),

Kunnamthanam(9.02%), Pallikal(8.81%), Kuttoor

(8.36%), Pandalam(8.15%), Kadampanad (8.23%),

Kodumon (7.81%), Mezhuveli (7.80%), Ezhamkulam

(7.36%), Erath(7.34%) and Kaviyoor(7.30%) are the

grama Panchayaths which recorded higher population

growth rate during the decade 1991-2001. Most of

these Grama Panchayaths were located around the

Figure 8.2 Population growth rate of Municipalities and Grama Ppanchayats



municipality in 1991. As per 2001 census, the

municipality with the largest area was Thiruvalla (27.94

sq.km.) and the smallest was Adoor (20.42sq.km.). The

growth rate of population during 1991-2001 was highest

for Adoor municipality (8.68%) and least for Thiruvalla

Municipality. During the period 1981-91; the Thiruvalla

municipality registered a growth rate of 3.76%.

The Pandalam municipality was formed in 1990 and was

degraded to panchayath in 1993. I.e. Pandalam was an

urban area during the 1991 census only. This does not

qualify, even as a census town during the 2001 census.

In 1961 and 1971, there was only one urban area in the

district (Thiruvalla municipality) with an area of 14.47

sq.km. In 1981 census, there were two urban centers,

Thiruvalla and Pathanamthitta municipalities making

the total urban area 37.97sq.km. In 1991 census, two

more municipalities were added i.e. Adoor and

Pandalam. The total urban area during 1991 census was

increased to 100.3 sq.km. With the degradation of

Pandalam municipality as panchayath in 1993, the ur-

ban area of the district was reduced to 71.86 sq.km.

The variation of the urban area in the district is shown

in Figure 8.3.

Figure 8.3 Variation in area (Sq:km) of urban settlements

8.6 FUTURE URBANISATION PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

The analysis of the occupational structure of the District

shows that the production sectors-i.e., the agriculture

and industrial sectors, shows declining trend in thedistrict. More than 50% of the total urban populationdepends on the service sector for their livelyhood. Itis observed that rural areas of the district is also slowlywithdrawing from the primary sector and starteddepending more on the service sector. Because of thisshift in the occupational structure, some of the ruralareas will be having more than 75% of the male workersin the non-agricultural category in the near future andhence will fall in the category of census urban. Hence,there may be significant increase in the urbanpopulation as well as in the extent of urban areas ofthe District in the future, though the urban populationcontent of the existing urban areas show a decliningtrend. In the following paragraphs, the future urbanlocal bodies are delineated based on the three foldcensus classification (Population size, density and thenumber of male workers in non-agricultural sector) asper census 2001, grade of the local bodies and hierarchyof settlements.

Criteria-1:Census urban areaA study of the existing occupational structure in varioussettlements of the District throws light on thosesettlements likely to become census urban shortly. Theworkers of each settlement which are in four foldclassification as per census 2001 are extrapolated intothe following nine categories as in 1991 census, basedon certain assumptions as given below..

1. Main Cultivators2. Main Agricultural Labourers3. Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting,

Plantation, Orchards, and allied activities4. Mining and Quarrying5. Manufacturing, Processing, servicing and

repairs in Household industries6. Manufacturing, Processing7. Trade and commerce8. Transport storage and communications9. Others

The similar two types of workers included both in 1991and 2001 census are the cultivators and agriculturallabourers. The remaining two types of workers in the2001 census, House hold industrial workers and Other



7171workers are added together and this total is dividedinto 7 classes of workers in the same proportion as these7 classes of workers as there in the 1991 census. Thenthe number of male workers in Manufacturing,processing, Servicing and repairs in House holdindustries, Manufacturing, processing, Servicing andrepairs in other than House hold industries, Trade andcommerce, Transport, Storage and communication andOthers are added to calculate the percentage of maleworkers in non-agricultural activities in each of the localbodies of the District. The details are shown in Annex-XIII. In order to avoid the possibility of errors, i.e.exclusion of some of the actual urban area, theextrapolation of the data on classification of workersbased on 1991 census, the local bodies withnonagricultural male workers more than 60% (insteadof 75%) is taken for the study. Based on this, there are10 Grama Panchayats identified in the District, whichare satisfying the three-fold census classification tobe termed as urban. The list of which is given below.

1. Ayroor2. Kadapra3. Kaviyoor4. Kottangal5. Kozhancery6. Kuttoor7. Nedumpuram8. Peringara9. Ranni-Angadi10. Ranni-Pazhavangadi

The classification of an area into urban depending on 9fold classifications of workers obtained out of a mereextrapolation of the census 2001 data based on theprevious decades data can’t be taken as very accurate.Though it gives a near accurate picture about the trendof urbanization, some other factors like the extent ofphysical and economic development projects andexisting hierarchy of settlements also need to beconsidered.

Criteria 2: Grade of Local Self Government

The grading of LSGs is given comparing their physicaland economic development. In the absence of direct

data to assess the physical and economic development,the Grade of Grama Panchayats can be taken as a proxyindicator to measure the physical and economicdevelopment of the LSG. Out of the 10 Grama panchaytslisted based on criteria one, 6 are Special grade GramaPanchayats, and Kaviyoor, Kottangal, Kuttur,Nedumpuram are First grade Grama Panchayats .Thesefirst Grade Grama Panchayaths are excluded from theselected LSGs and the list of LSGIs after the exclusionof these LSGs is noted below.

1. Ayroor2. Kadapra3. Kozhancery4. Peringara5. Ranni-Angadi6. Ranni-Pazhavangadi

Criteria:3 Hierarchy of settlementsThe hierarchy of the above 7 LSGIs in the overall contextof the District has also taken into account beforefinalizing the local bodies with urban character, becausethe hierarchy of settlement is an indicator on the typeand number of facilities in the local bodies. Thehierarchy of settlements identified is mentioned inparagraph 7.1. In the existing hierarchy of settlementsout of the 7 local bodies mentioned above, thefollowing are in the category of settlements havinglower CFI value and occupies comparatively lowerposition in the hierarchy of settlements.

1. Ayroor2. Ranni-Angadi

These two local bodies are excluded from the selectlist of likely urban local bodies. The final list of theprobable urban local bodies is given below.

1. Kadapra2. Kozhenchery3. Peringara4. Ranni-Pazhavangadi

In the study of the proposed hierarchy of settlementof the district, settlements, Mallapally, Ranni, Konniand Pandalam are proposed as second ordersettlements. A second order settlement is supposedto be an urban settlement and hence Mallappally,



Ranni, Konni and Pandalam Grama panchayats are alsoincluded in the probable future urban local bodies ofthe district. The likely future urban profile of the districtthus evolved is shown in the Table 8.6Table 8.6 Existing urban Local bodies and future probable

urban Local bodies

8.7 URBAN PROFILE

All the eight local bodies listed as probable futureurban local bodies need not attain the urban characterin next decades (2011 and 2021). Only some of thesewill attain urban character by the next decade and theremaining will attain the urban character in thesucceeding decades. The growth rate of population andthe hierarchy of settlements can be taken as deciding

Sl: Existing Urban Future probable.Local Bodies urban Local Bodies

1 Pathanamthitta Pandalam2 Thiruvalla Mallapally3 Adoor Ranni4 Konni5 Kozhanchery6 Peringara7 Kadapra8 Ranni-Pazhavangadi

criteria by how fast the local bodies will attain urbannature. As per 2001 census generally the populationgrowth rate of the LSGIs adjacent to the existing twomunicipalities; Thiruvalla and Adoor and thosesettlements along M.C.Road is high. Pandalam (8.18),Konni (5.16%), Mallapally Kadapra (2.80%) among theeight probable urban settlements recorded highgrowth rate. In the study of hierarchy of settlementsPandalam, Ranni, Peringara, Mallapally, Konni are inhigher position. Based on these , it is suggested that,Pandalam, Ranni and Konni will attain the status ofurban local bodies in the next 10 years and theremaining four local bodies will attain the status withinthe next 20 years. The urban profile phasing is shownin the Table 8.7 and the Future urbanization profile ofPathanamthitta district is shown in the figure 8.4.

Table 8.7 Urban profile - phasing

Sl.No In the next 10 years In the next 20 years

1 Pandalam Peringara

2 Mallapally Kozhanchery

3 Ranni Kadapra

4 Konni Ranni-Pazhavangadi

8.8 INFERENCE

Pathanamthitta is one of theleast urbanized districts in thestate. The urbanization of thedistrict shows a declining trendas far as the percentage ofurban population is concerned.Pandalam Mallapally, Ranni andKonni Grama panchayats willachieve urban status in thenext 10 years and Peringara,Kozhencherry, Kadapra andRanni- Pazhavagadi GramaPanchayats will attain the urbanstatus in the next 20 years.

Figure 8.4 Future urbanization profile

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ACTIVITY PATTERN


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Chapter 9ACTIVITY PATTERN

9.1 INTRODUCTION

The activity pattern of a district is the sum total of

pattern of functional character among various

settlements, land use concentration pattern and urban

profile of the district. The functional character, land

use concentration pattern, and urban profile of various

settlements of the district has already been identified

in the previous chapters. These three factors were

considered together to determine the most suitable

activity for the LSGIs. The activity pattern is different

combination of these three

factors and it is described in

the succeeding paragraphs.

zones. It is shown in the Figure 9.1. (The area of

specialization based on the existing land use of each

local body of the district is given in the Table 5.9)

9.3 FUTURE URBAN PROFILE

The urban profile of the district has been derived

based on the occupational structure, grade of local

self government institutions and the hierarchy of

settlements. The settlements has been classified into

9.2 LAND USE

CONCENTRATION PATTERN

Detailed analysis for

determining the land use

concentration pattern of the

district has been made in

Chapter 5. In the analysis

distinction between

concentrations of different

land uses were observed.

Based on the land use analysis,

the district can be divide into

three distinct zones –

Plantation, Agriculture and Urban Figure 9.1 Concentration pattern of land uses of the district

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ACTIVITY PATTERN District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta7474


urban and non urban. The

details in this regard is

available in the Chapter 8.

Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta

and Adoor are the existing

urban local bodies and

Pandalam, Kozhanchery,

Ranni, Konni, Peringara,

Kadapra and Ranni-

Pazhavangadi were

identified as future

probable urban local bodies

of the district. The Future

urbanization profile of the

district is shown in the

Figure 9.2.

9.4 FUNCTIONAL

CLASSIFICATION

The functional character is

determined based on

average plot size and land

use. In this analysis the

settlements are classified

into rural, urban, semi-

urban and semi-rural.

Details of this analysis is

available in the Chapter 6.

Majority of the settlements

of the district – 51 out of 57

are rural character. Two

settlements are urban, two

settlements have semi-

urban and the remaining

two settlements have semi-

rural character. The function

of the settlement of

Pathanamthitta district is

shown in the Figure 9.3

Figure 9.2 Future urbanization profile

Figure 9.3 Functional classification of Settlements



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9.5 DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY PATTERN

The activity pattern existing within the district is

derived based on the study of the spatial distribution

of the aspects covered in the settlement studies, Here

three aspects namely, the land use concentration

pattern, functional character and urban profile of the

settlements are combined in order to evolve the

activity pattern. Functional character is determined

based on plot size and land use. Urban profile is

derived taking into account occupational structure,

grade of local self government institutions and

hierarchy of settlements. The land use concentration

pattern is studied based on the land use analysis.

The classification of settlements based on these viz.

Urban Profile Land Use Functional

Concentration Classification

Urban Agricultural Urban

Non Urban Plantation Semi Urban

Urban Rural

Forest Semi Rural

three aspects- the land use concentration pattern,

functional classification and urban profile are given in

Table 9.1. The activity pattern within the district is

derived by combining the characters under the three

aspects. The Activity based on different combinations

is shown in Table 9.2.

Table 9.1: Classification of settlements – for Activity

pattern

Urban Profile Functional Land use Activity

Classification concentration pattern

Non-Urban Rural Forest Primary Activity (Agriculture)

Non deterimental to forest

Non-Urban Rural Plantation Primary Activity (Plantation)

Non-Urban Rural Agriculture Primary Activity (Agriculture)

Non-Urban Semi-Rural Agriculture Primary Activity (Agriculture +

nimal Husbandry)

Non-Urban Semi-urban Agriculture Agriculture+Small Scale Industry +

Animal Husbandry

Non-Urban Urban Agriculture Agriculture+Small Scale Industry +

Animal Husbandry

Urban Rural Agriculture Agriculture+Small Scale Industry +

Animal Husbandry

Urban Rural Plantation Plantation+Small Scale Industry +

Animal Husbandry

Urban Semi-urban Agriculture Agriculture+Small Scale Industry +

Animal Husbandry

Urban Urban Urban Tertiary Activity

Table 9.2 Activity Pattern - Different combinations



Based on the above combi-

nation, the activities have

been identified and the ac-

tivities suggested for vari-

ous LSGs of the district are

- Primary activity (Agri

cultaure) non deterimental

to forest, Primary activity

(Agriculture), Primary activ-

ity (Plantation), Primary Ac-

tivity (Agriculture + Animal

Husbendry), Combination

of Agriculture Animal

Husbendry and Smal Scale

Industry and Tertiary Activ-

ity. It is shown in Table 9.3

and the activity pattern of

the district is shown in

Figure 9.4

Table 9.3: Activity pattern of LSGs of the Districts.

Sl:No. Name of LSGs Urban Profile Funcinal Land Use Activity Pattern

Classification Concentration

1 Cheneerkara Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

2 Cherukole Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

3 Elanthoor Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

4 Kozhencherry URBAN Rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandry

and Small scale industries

5 Mallapuzhassery Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

6 Naranganam Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

7 Omallor Non urban Urban Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries

8 Ayroor Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

9 Eraviperoor Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

10 Ezhumattoor Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

11 Koipuram Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

12 Puramattom Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

13 Thottapuzhessery Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

Figure: 9.4 Activity Pattern of the district



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14 Aruvapulam Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Agriculture)

non deterimental to forest

15 Konni Urban Rural Plantation Plantation, Animal husbandry


16 Malayalapuzha Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

17 Mylapra Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

18 Pramadom Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

19 Thannithode Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Agriculture) nondeterimental to forest

20 Vallicode Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

21 Aranmula Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

22 Kulanada Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

23 Mezhuveli Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

24 Anicad Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

25 Kallooppara Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

26 Kaviyoor Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

27 Kottanad Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

28 Kottangal Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

29 Kunnamthanam Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

30 Mallappally Urban Rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandry


31 Pandalam Urban Semi urban Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries

32 Pandalam Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)Thekkakara

33 Thumpamon Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

34 Enadimangalam Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

35 Erathu Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

36 Ezhamkulam Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

37 Kadampanad Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

38 Kalanjoor Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

39 Kodumon Non urban Semi urban Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandry


40 Pallikkal Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)

41 Kadapra Urban Rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandry


42 Kuttoor Non urban Semi rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries



9.6 INFERENCE

It is inferred that Primary sector activity is the major

(most suitable) activity of the district. Only for one

settlements, viz. Thiruvalla, tertiary activity is the

predominant activity and for the remaining settlements

primary sector activity is the leading activity. For 11

settlement, ie Kozhencherry, Omalloor, Mallapally,

Pandalam, Kodumon, Kadapra, Kottoor, Niranam,

Peringara Grama Panchayats and Adoor and

Pathanamthitta Municipalities a combinations of

Agriculture- animal husbandry and Small Scale

43 Nedumpuram Non urban Rural Agriculture Primary activity (Agriculture)non deterimental to forest

44 Niranam Non urban Semi rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries

45 Peringara Urban Rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandry


46 Chittar Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

47 Naranammoozhy Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

48 Ranni Urban Rural Plantation Plantation, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries

49 Ranni Angadi Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

50 Ranni Urban Rural Plantation Plantation, Animal husbandryPazhavangadi and Small scale industries

51 Ranni Perunad Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

52 Seethathode Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Agriculture)non deterimental to forest

53 Vadasseerikara Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

54 Vechoochira Non urban Rural Plantation Primary activity (Plantation)

55 Adoor (M) Urban Rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries

56 Pathanamthitta(M) Urban Rural Agriculture Agriculture, Animal husbandryand Small scale industries

57 Thiruvalla (M) Urban Urban Urban Tertiry activity

Industries are the activities is identified. A

combinations Plantations- Animal Husbandry and

Small Scale Industries are the activities identified for

three settlements, ie Ranni, Ranni Pazhavangadi and

Konni. For the four settelements - Seethathodu,

Thannithodu, Aruvapulam and Chittar, where there is

concentration of forest Primary activity (Agriculture)

non-deterimental to forest is the activity. For the

remaing settelements Primary Activity (Agriculture),

Primary Activity (Plantation) are the activities

identified.

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta CONNECTIVITY


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Chapter 10CONNECTIVITY

10.1 ROAD NETWORK

The road network plays the most vital role in the

alround development of an area. The existing road

network of the district consists of State Highways, Major

District Road and Minor District Roads under Kerala

Public Works Department and other roads maintained

by Local Self Governments.

The district is well connected to surrounding districts

and neighboring states through a network of various

categories of roads. The Main Central Road (MC Road-

SH-1) passes through the western part of the district.

The other State Highways passing through the district

are Kayamkulam -Adoor- Punalur (SH-5), Thiruvalla-

Mavelikkara-Kayamkulam Road (SH-6), Thiruvalla-

Kumbazha Road (SH-7), Kozhanchery (Pullad)-Kottayam

Road (SH-9), Kozhanchery (Thekkemala)-Chengannur-

Mavelikkara Road (SH-10), Nedumpuram (Podiyadi)-

Edathva-Alappuzha Road (SH-12), Muvattupuzha-

Punalur Road (via Manimala-Ranni-Kumbazha-Maroor)

(SH-8)) and Adoor-Sasthamkotta Road (SH.37).

The famous pilgrim centre, Sabarimala is connected to

other parts of the district and state mainly through

Pathanamthitta- Mannarakkulanji- Vadasserikkara-

Perunad- Laha- Plappally- Nilakkal-Chalakkayam-

Pamba Road, Vadasserikkara- Chittar- Angamoozhi-

Plappally Road and Erumely-Thulappally-Nilakkal-

Pamba Road.

The other important roads which are coming under the

catagory of Major District Roads, includes Adoor-Thatta-

Pathanamthitta Road, Adoor- Ezhamkulam- Koduman-

Kaippattoor- Pathanamthitta Road, Kaippattoor-

Pandalam Road, Plapally- Angamoozhy-Kakki-Pamba

Dam-Kozhikkanam-Vandiperiyar Road. These roads

connects the major centers of the district as well as the

centers in the neighbouring districts.

There is a proposal for a National highway (NH 220)

from Kollam to Theni via Kottayam. The alignment of

this road from Kottayam to Theni has been finalized

and now maintained by Public Works Department,

National Highway Wing. The alignment of this road

from Kottayam to Kollam has to be finalized and this

NH is likely to pass through the western part of the

district through Thiruvalla Town.

Even though there is fairly good network of roads in

the midland and lowland regions of the district, most

of the roads are either single lane or at the maximum

two lanes. The details of roads in the district, which is

coming under different categories is furnished in Table

10.1.

Table 10.1 Details of Roads (in Km) of the District

State Highways Major District Other District Roads( in km) Village

(in km) Roads (in km) Roads( in km) Total (in km)

217.776 573.695 620.952 43.440 1455.853

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The main central Road (SH-1) connects the first order

settlement Thiruvalla and the second order settlements

Pandalam and Adoor. And also to the other major

centres of the state.

Thiruvalla-Kumbazha Road (SH-7) connects the two

suggested first order settlements of the district

Thiruvalla and

Pathanamthitta and also the

third order settlement,

Kozhencherry.

Pu na l u r - Mu va tt up uz ha

Road (SH-8) connects the

second order settlements

Ranni and Konni with the

first order settlement,

Pathanamthitta.

Kozhencherry-Kottayam

Road(SH-8) connects the

second order settlement

Mallappally with the third

order settlement, Kozhe

ncherry and the suggested

first order settlement,

Pathanamthitta.

The major roads of the district and the location of

suggested first order, second order and third order

settlements are shown in the figure 10.1.

10.2 RAIL NETWORK

A Broad Gauge railway line passes through the north –

west corner of the district and the total length of railway

line through the district is merely 10.00 Km. Eventhough

Thiruvalla railway station is located in this district, the

people of this district mainly make use of Chengannur

railway station in Alappuzha district, which is nearer to

most of the areas in this district. Thousands of pilgrims

arriving Sabarimala by train from other states and other

parts of Kerala also make use of Chengannur Railway

station.

Certain preliminary surveys were conducted for the

extension of Sabari Railway line to

Thiruvananthapuram through the eastern part of the

Adoor- Sasthamkotta Road (SH-37) connects, Adoor with

the North – West part of Kollam district. The second

order settlement, Adoor is connected with the first

order settlement Pathanamthitta by a road of MDR

status ( Adoor-Thatta-Pathanamthitta Road) and also

the second order settlement Mallapally is connected

with the first order settlement, Thiruvalla by roads of

MDR status (Thiruvalla – Paippad- Mallapally Road and

Thiruvalla-Kaviyoor-Kalluppara-Mallapally Road). The

suggested third order settlement Chittar is connected

with the remaining part of the district mainly through

Vadasserikkara – Chittar Road.

Figure:10.1 Major Roads, railway and suggested Hierarchy of Settlements

District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta CONNECTIVITY


8181

district and another line through the western part of

the district, connecting Chengannur and

Thiruvanathapuram. But these projects are yet to be

sanctioned.

10.3 WATERWAYS & AIRWAYS

Even though there are three major rivers in the district,

these are not used for water transportation. Also, there

is no airport in the district and it is essential for the

district considering the large number of non-resident

Indians in the district and the location of the famous

pilgrim centre; Sabarimala in the district.

10.4 PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

10.4.1 Proposed Road

Network

The proposed road network

of the district is derived

based on the hierarchy of

settlements. To have proper

spatial development it is

desirable to have proper

road network connecting the

higher order settlement by

major roads. At the same

time, there should be sub-

major roads connecting the

lower order settlements

with the higher order

settlements. In addition to

that there shall be minor

roads connecting lower

order settlements each

other.

Other aspects considered in deriving the road network

are connectivity to the Sabarimala temple where crores

of pilgrims are visiting every year and promotion of

Eco-Tourism in the eastern part of the district.

There is a proposal of national highway connecting

Kollam and Theni via Kottayam(NH 220). As per the

tentative alignment, the NH touches only Thiruvalla in

the district. A schematic representation of the

proposed road network is shown in the Figure 10.2

A final proposal of the road network is derived taking

in to account the existing roads and suggesting new

road links in those areas where the existing road is

insufficient. The resultant road net work is shown in

Figure 10.3.

The transportation network planned for connecting the

settlements has been grouped into three categories

viz: major roads, sub-major roads and minor roads.

Major RoadsThe major roads as per planning concept consists offour lane roads. The following roads are included inthis category.a. M.C.Roadb. Punalur-Muvattupuzha Roadc. Kayamkulam-Adoor-Punalur Roadd. Thiruvalla-Kumbazha Road

Figure:10.2 Proposed Road Network-Schematic diagram

CONNECTIVITY District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta8282


e. Kozhanchery (Pullad)-Kottayam Road

f. Kozhanchery(Thekkemala)-Chengannur Road

g. Adoor-SasthamkottaRoad

h. Adoor -Pathanamthitta Road

i. Thiruvalla-Ambalapuzha Road

j. Mannarakkulanji-Pamba Road

k. A new linkconnecting Punalur-Muvattupuzharoad and the existingPamba Road

l. Th i ruva l l a -Pa i pad-Mallapally Road

m. Pandalam-KaipatturRoad

Sub-Major RoadsThe following roads are included in the sub major roadscategory:

a. Pandalam-Aranmula Roadb. Adoor-Konni Roadc. Mallapally-Ranni Roadd. Kozhanchery – Ranni Roade. Ranni-Vadasserikkara-Chittar roadf. Vandiperiyar-Angamoozhy-Achenkovil roadg. Vandiper i yar-Gav i -A nathod-Moozhi yar-

Angamoozhy-Plapally Roadh. A new road connecting Angamoozhy and

Achancovili. A new link road connecting Chittar and

Angamoozhy-Plappally road

A direct link connecting the second order settlementsKonni and Chittar is not included in the proposed roadnetwork due to difficult terrain and forest land.Minor Road

All fourth order settlements shall be connected to eachother by a road of minimum two-lanes road withminimum 7.00m width.

10.4.2 Railway Network

It is suggested to lay a new railway line toThiruvananthapurm through the eastern part of thedistrict as an extention of the Sabari Raiway line andanother line through the western part of the district,connecting Chengannur and Thiruvanathapuram.

10.4.3 Airways

An Airport at a suitable location in the district issuggested considering the large number of Nonresident Indians in the district and the location of thefamous pilgrim centre; Sabarimala in the district.

10.5 INFERENCE

Road way is the major mode of transport in the district.Rail connectivity to the district has to be increased.Possibility of an airport has to be explored consideringthe importance of Sabarimala and the large number ofNRIs in the district

Figure 10.3: Proposed Road Network

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta SPATIAL STRUCTURE


8383

Chapter - 11SPATIAL STRUCTURE

11.1 SPATIAL STRUCTURE BASED ON SETTLEMENT

STUDIES

The spatial structure gives a frame work for

determining the location of future development

activities rationally. The spatial structure of the district

has been evolved by integrating the activity pattern,

the hierarchy of settlements and the regional

connectivity plan. In the settlement analysis the

following aspects pertaining to settlements of the

district were studied

1. Land use distribution

2. Population distribution

3. Occupational structure

4. Functional character

5. Hierarchy of settlements

6. Urban profile

11.2 ACTIVITY PATTERN

The activity pattern existing within the district is

derived based on the study of the spatial distribution

of the aspects covered in the settlement studies. Here,

three aspects namely, the land use concentration

pattern, the functional character and the urban profile,

which cover all the aspects taken for the study of the

settlements are combined in order to evolve the

activity pattern (the Functional character is determined

based on plot size and land use, the Urban profile is

derived taking into account occupational structure,

status of the LSGs and hierarchy of settlements and the

Land use concentration pattern is studied based on the

land use analysis). Details regarding determination of

Activity pattern of the settlements is given in chapter.9

and the activity pattern of the district is shown in the

Figure 9.4.

11.3 HIERARCHY OF SETTLEMENTS

As per the settlement analysis, the settlements in the

district were grouped into four hierarchies; first order,

second order, third order and fourth order. The

suggested 1st order settlements of the district are

Pathanamthitta and Thiruvalla and the suggested 2nd

order settlements are Pandalam, Ranni, Konni, Adoor

and Mallapally. Kozhanchery and Chittar are the

suggested 3rd order settlements. The remaining Grama

Panchayats are classified as 4 th order settlements. The

proposed hierarchy of settlements is shown in the

Figure 7.9.

11.4 CONNECTIVITY

The proposed road network of the district is derived

based on the hierarchy of settlements. Connectivity

to the famous pilgrim centre Sabarimala and promotion

of Eco-tourism in the settlements of the eastern part

of district also considered. The road network is

proposed so as to ensure proper connection among

the higher order settlements by major roads. Sub-major

roads and minor roads were also proposed connecting

the lower order settlements. Besides, connection with

the surrounding districts are also considered a final

proposal of the road network has been derived taking

into account those existing roads and suggesting new

road links in those areas where the existing road is

insufficient. Details regarding connectivity among

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settlements is available in the Chapter 10 and the

proposed road network is shown in Figure 10.3.

11.5 SPATIAL STRUCTURE

The spatial structure of the district is obtained by

overlaying the activity pattern, road network and

hierarchy of settlements. Figure 11.1 is a schematic

diagram and the Figure 11.2 is the detai led map

showing the Spatial structure of the district.

Agriculture related activities are identified as suitable

activity for most of settlements of the district. Primary

activity (Plantation) is proposed for the most of the

settlements in the eastern part of the district and

Primary activity (Agriculture) is proposed for most of

the settlements in the midland area of the district.

Tertiary activity is proposed for three urban settlements

of the district; Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta and Adoor.

Combination of Agriculture and non Agriculture

activities are proposed for the remaining settlements.

Most of the urban settlements are located in the

western part of the district and the eastern part of the

district is predominantly plantation/forest area. Two

settlements; Thiruvalla and Pathanamthitta are

suggested as first order settlements. The other higher

order settlements (except Chittar) are proposed in the

western part of the district. Chittar is proposed as a

third order settlement in the eastern part considering

large unserved area covered mostly by forest.

There is good net work of State Highways and Major

district roads in the midland and low land regions of

the district and all the first order and second order

settlements are connected by State highways. The road

network is proposed in such a manner that there shall

be least disturbance to the eastern part especially the

forest area. But few connections to this area is

proposed to ensure good connectivity to Sabarimala,

connecting to the neighbouring districts and to promote

Eco-Tourism in the settlements in the eastern part of

the district where there is enough potential for the

same.

District U

rbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta

SPATIAL STRUCTU

RE

Departm

ent of Town &

Country Planning, KeralaD

epartment of Tow

n & Country Planning, Kerala

8585Figure 11.1 Schematic Representation of Spatial Structure

SPATIAL STRUCTURE District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta8686


Figu

re 1

1.2

Spat

ial S

truc

ture

of t

he d

istr

ict

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CHAPTER 12 >>

District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta SUMMARY OF FINDINGS


8787

Chapter 12SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

In the study on urbanization of Pathanamthitta district

detailed analysis has been made regarding the regional

linkages, population, occupational structure, land use

and connectivity of the district. Based on the analysis,

the land use concentration pattern, functional

character of settlement, hierarchy of settlements,

urban profile and proposed road network etc are

arrived at. Based on the land use concentration pattern,

functional character and urban profile of settlements,

the Activity pattern of the settlements is identified.

Finally based on the Activity pattern, Hierarchy of

settlements and Proposed road network, the Spatial

structure of the district are derived. A summary of

findings of the study is furnished below.

1. Population growth rate of the district is the lowest

in the state. An increase of only about 30,000 is

expected by 2021 in total population.

3. The population growth rate pattern among LSGs

of the District shows that growth rate is the

highest in those LSGs located in the western or

central part of the district, which are adjacent to

major travel corridors or adjacent to the existing

urban settlements.

3. The Work Participation Rate of the district is very

low when compared with the state figures. Low

work force participation rate indicates decline in

local economic activities both rural and urban in

the District. But during the period 1991-2001 the

growth rate of total workers (13.15%) is more than

the population growth rate (3.99%). It indicates

that the employment opportunity is increasing

more than that of population growth rate.

4. A shift (towards service sector) in the

occupational structure of the rural areas shows in

the urbanisation trend of the rural areas. There is

dilution in the rural nature of the rural areas of

the district as far as the occupational structure is

considered. Irrespective of rural or urban areas,

the share of Other workers category in the work

force is increasing. This resulted in narrowing

down of the boundary distinguishing the

character of rural and urban areas in terms of

occupational structure.

5. About 50% of the total workers are engaged in

tertiary activity. Even in the rural areas, the

percentage of workers in Other workers category

is high (46%). This implies that even in rural areas,

the primary sector is on decline and the

production sector is showing a declining trend.

Study of temporal variation of occupational

structure shows that the cultivators and

Agriculture labourers show a drastic decrease in

total number from 1991 to 2001.

6. The existing land use pattern of the District shows

that 45.29% of the total district area is coming

under forest land, 29.18% of land is under

agricultural use and 18.58% of total area is

plantation. The spatial distribution of the land

use of the district shows that forest area has a

concentration in the eastern part of the district.

Agriculture area is concentrated in the midland

and the low land regions of the district. The

plantation area is in between the agriculture land

and forest land. The non-agriculture area of the

district is limited to few pocket and scattered and

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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta8888


its extent is nominal. The general character of

settlements show that most of them are rural in

nature, indicating that there is scope for

developing the agriculture sector as the main

economic base of the District.

7. The district is blessed with potential water

resources and tourism potential spots.

8. The spatial distribution of the settlements based

on its functional character shows a clear

demarcation of the settlements in four

categories- rural, urban, semi urban and semi

rural. But majority of the settlements in the

district – 51 out of 57 are rural character. The 6 non

rural character settlements of the district-

Omalloor (urban), Pandalam (Semi urban),

Kodumon (Semi urban), Kuttoor (Semi rural),

Niranam (Semi rural) and Thiruvalla (Urban) are

located in the western part of the district.

9. As per the existing hierarchy of settlements,

Thiruvalla is the I st order settlements and

Pathanamtitta, Adoor and Pandalam are the IInd

order settlements. Ranni, Peringara, Mallappally,

Koipuram, Konni, Kadampanadu, Ranni-

Pazhavangadi, Kozhecherry, Cheneerkkara,

Ezhamkulam, Pallickal and Aranmula are the IIIrd

order settlements. The remaining 41 settlements

are IVth order settlements.

10. As derived in the proposed hierarchy of

settlements, there are two first order

settlements- Thiruvalla and Pathanamthitta, five

second order settlements- Adoor, Pandalam,

Mallapally, Ranni and Konni, two third order

settlements- Kozhanchery and Chittar. The

remaining settlements are fourth order

settlements. In the functional character wise

analysis of the higher order settlements, only

Thiruvalla is urban in nature. Pandalam is Semi

Urban and the remaining higher order

settlements are rural.

11. Pathanamthitta is one of the least urbanized

districts in the state.

12. In the analysis of the activity pattern of the

district, it is inferred that Primary sector activity

is the major (most suitable) activity identified for

the district. Only for three settlements Thiruvalla,

Pathanamthitta and Adoor tertiary activity was

identified as the most suitable activity and for

the remaining settlements primary sector activity

is identified as most suitable activity.

13. Road way is the major mode of transport in the

district. Rail connectivity to the district has to be

increased. Possibility of an airport has to be

explored considering the importance of

Sabarimala and NRI’s in the district.

14. Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta and Adoor are the

present urban local Governments of the districts.

Pandalam Mallapally, Ranni and Konni Grama

panchayaths will achieve urban status in the next

10 years and Peringara, Kozhencherry, Kadapra

and Ranni- Pazhavagadi Grama panchayaths will

attain the urban status in the next 20 years.

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX.I


8989

1 Adoor (M) 20.42 13005 13634 26639 1305 13972 14980 28952 1418 8.682 Anicad 19.04 6939 7201 14140 743 7204 7529 14733 774 4.193 Aranmula 24.04 13605 15074 28679 1193 13987 16007 29994 1248 4.594 Aruvapulam 277.70 10539 11173 21712 7 8 10588 11673 22261 8 0 2.535 Ayroor 25.76 10921 11790 22711 882 10696 11900 22596 877 -0.516 Cheneerkara 19.50 9188 10163 19351 992 9193 10345 19538 1002 0.977 Cherukole 15.61 6384 6801 13185 845 6200 6848 13048 836 -1.048 Chittar 25.90 8643 8749 17392 672 8279 9057 17336 669 -0.329 Elanthoor 15.09 7060 7687 14747 977 7202 8223 15425 1022 4.601 0 Enadimangalam 30.77 9809 10443 20252 658 10057 10898 20955 681 3.471 1 Erathu 21.74 11246 12050 23296 1072 11955 13050 25005 1150 7.341 2 Eraviperoor 18.64 11715 12843 24558 1317 12324 13714 26038 1397 6.031 3 Ezhamkulam 30.55 14925 15681 30606 1002 15823 17037 32860 1076 7.361 4 Ezhumattoor 27.89 9155 9763 18918 678 9399 10260 19659 705 3.921 5 Kadampanad 23.95 11913 12884 24797 1035 12769 14070 26839 1121 8.231 6 Kadapra 14.74 10529 11271 21800 1479 10588 11736 22324 1515 2.401 7 Kalanjoor 66.01 15752 16515 32267 489 16013 17610 33623 509 4.201 8 Kallooppara 16.86 8461 9163 17624 1045 8386 9333 17719 1051 0.541 9 Kaviyoor 12.67 8025 8286 16311 1287 8325 9177 17502 1381 7.302 0 Kodumon 36.36 12424 13283 25707 707 13070 14644 27714 762 7.812 1 Koipuram 22.26 12203 13314 25517 1146 12823 14266 27089 1217 6.162 2 Konni 41.45 13548 14252 27800 671 14052 15183 29235 705 5.162 3 Kottanad 17.01 6919 7269 14188 834 6978 7603 14581 857 2.772 4 Kottangal 23.08 8404 8549 16953 735 8546 8938 17484 758 3.132 5 Kozhencherry 8.61 6093 6608 12701 1475 5872 6667 12539 1456 -1.282 6 Kulanada 21.57 11009 12074 23083 1070 11616 12965 24581 1140 6.492 7 Kunnamthanam 17.57 8858 9631 18489 1052 9466 10691 20157 1147 9.022 8 Kuttoor 12.16 9015 9418 18433 1516 9687 10287 19974 1643 8.362 9 Malayalapuzha 27.53 8643 9280 17923 651 8684 9582 18266 663 1.913 0 Mallappally 20.01 8419 9105 17524 876 8694 9331 18025 901 2.863 1 Mal lapuzhassery 12.45 5548 6082 11630 934 5904 6512 12416 997 6.763 2 Mezhuveli 14.44 6722 7399 14121 978 7245 7978 15223 1054 7.803 3 Mylapra 10.38 4944 5248 10192 982 4820 5380 10200 983 0.083 4 Naranammoozhy 33.61 7928 8060 15988 476 7950 8322 16272 484 1.783 5 Naranganam 20.42 8339 9063 17402 852 8398 9351 17749 869 1.993 6 Nedumpuram 8.49 6231 6633 12864 1515 6267 6822 13089 1542 1.753 7 Niranam 13.17 7212 7562 14774 1122 6862 7519 14381 1092 -2.663 8 Omal lor 14.54 7897 8563 16460 1132 8272 9268 17540 1206 6.563 9 Pallikkal 41.72 18348 19679 38027 911 19732 21644 41376 992 8.814 0 Pandalam 28.42 18148 19585 37733 1328 19430 21380 40810 1436 8.154 1 Pandalam Thekkakara 19.39 7846 8680 16526 852 8534 9567 18101 934 9.534 2 Pathanamthitta (M) 23.50 17768 18114 35882 1527 18510 19499 38009 1617 5.934 3 Peringara 20.30 10672 11495 22167 1092 10561 11548 22109 1089 -0.264 4 Pramadom 37.10 14350 15630 29980 808 14818 16670 31488 849 5.034 5 Puramattom 14.66 6891 7417 14308 976 7031 7675 14706 1003 2.784 6 Ranni 15.64 6926 7266 14192 907 6720 7270 13990 895 -1.424 7 Ranni Angadi 30.72 7661 7820 15481 504 7696 8177 15873 517 2.534 8 Ranni Pazhavangadi 53.38 11974 12360 24334 456 12161 12877 25038 469 2.894 9 Ranni Perunad 82.05 11106 11024 22130 270 10990 11445 22435 273 1.385 0 Seethathode 651.94 9268 8954 18222 2 8 8484 8708 17192 2 6 -5.655 1 Thannithode 428.45 7437 7448 14885 3 5 7183 7554 14737 3 4 -0.995 2 Thiruvalla (M) 27.94 26290 28490 54780 1961 27093 29744 56837 2034 3.765 3 Thottapuzhessery 14.46 7583 8035 15618 1080 7278 8011 15289 1057 -2.115 4 Thumpamon 7.84 3598 4046 7644 975 3746 4414 8160 1041 6.755 5 Vadasseer ikara 59.57 10789 11064 21853 367 11023 11446 22469 377 2.825 6 Valli code 18.66 9324 10440 19764 1059 9645 11105 20750 1112 4.995 7 Vechoochira 51.80 11115 11186 22301 431 10773 11313 22086 426 -0.96

PATHANAMTHITTA Dist 2710 575264 611297 1186561 438 589574 644803 1234377 456 4.03

ANNEX.IPATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT -POPULATION DETAILS

SL. Name of the LSG Area in Population 1991 Density of Population 2001 Density PopulationNo. population of Pop. Growth Rate

sq.km. Male Female Total 1991 Male Female Total 2001 1991- 2001


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ANNEX. II District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta9090


ANNEX.IIPOPULATION CONCENTRATION PATTERN

LIST OF LSGs CONSTITUTING 1/ 3,1/ 2 AND 2/ 3 POPULATIONK OF THE DISTRICT

Sl No 1/3 rd population 1/2 population 2/3 rd population

Name of LSGIs Area in Name of LSGIs Area in Name of LSGIs Area in

Sq:km Sq:km Sq:km

1 Thiruvalla (M) 27.94 Thiruvalla (M) 27.94 Thiruvalla (M) 27.94

2 Kuttoor 12.16 Kuttoor 12.16 Kuttoor 12.16

3 Pathanamthitta (M) 23.5 Pathanamthitta (M) 23.5 Pathanamthitta (M) 23.5

4 Nedumpuram 8.49 Nedumpuram 8.49 Nedumpuram 8.49

5 Ka dapra 14.74 Ka dapra 14.74 Ka dapra 14.74

6 Kozhencherry 8.61 Kozhencherry 8.61 Kozhencherry 8.61

7 Panda la m 28.42 Panda la m 28.42 Panda la m 28.42

8 Adoor (M) 20.42 Adoor (M) 20.42 Adoor (M) 20.42

9 Eraviperoor 18.64 Eraviperoor 18.64 Eraviperoor 18.64

10 Kaviyoor 12.67 Kaviyoor 12.67 Kaviyoor 12.67

11 Aranmula 24.04 Aranmula 24.04 Aranmula 24.04

12 Koipuram 22.26 Koipuram 22.26 Koipuram 22.26

13 Omallor 14.54 Omallor 14.54 Omallor 14.54

14 Erathu 21.74 Erathu 21.74 Erathu 21.74

15 Kunnamthanam 17.57 Kunnamthanam 17.57 Kunnamthanam 17.57

16 Kula na da 21.57 Kula na da 21.57

17 Ka da mpanad 23.95 Ka da mpanad 23.95

18 Val lic ode 18.66 Val lic ode 18.66

19 Peringara 20.1 Peringara 20.1

20 Niranam 13.17 Niranam 13.17

21 Ezhamkulam 30.55 Ezhamkulam 30.55

22 Thottapuzhessery 14.46 Thottapuzhessery 14.46

23 Mezhuveli 14.44 Mezhuveli 14.44

24 Ka lloo ppa ra 16.86 Ka lloo ppa ra 16.86

25 Thumpamon 7.84 Thumpamon 7.84

26 Elanthoor 15.09 Elanthoor 15.09

27 Puramattom 14.66

28 Cheneerkara 19.5

29 Mallapuzhassery 12.45

30 Pa l l ikka l 41.72

31 Mylapra 10.38

32 Pandalam Thekkakara 19.39

33 M al la ppa lly 20.01

34 Ra nni 15.64

35 Ayroor 25.76

36 Naranganam 20.42

37 Kottanad 17.01

TOTAL 275.7 472.4 689.4

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX III


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ANNEX IIICONCENTRATION INDEX OF MAJOR CATAGORIES OF WORKERS

Sl.No LSGIs Concentration Index

Cultivators Agricultural workers HH Industries Other workers1 Adoor 0.63 0.80 1.02 1.122 Anicad 1.32 1.32 0.46 0.883 Aranmula 0.86 0.85 1.71 1.034 Aruvappulam 1.19 1.54 0.55 0.865 Ayiroor 0.74 0.76 0.98 1.116 Chenneerkara 1.41 1.27 0.56 0.877 Cherukole 1.66 1.00 1.53 0.858 Chittar 1.74 1.74 0.38 0.709 Elanthoor 1.31 0.88 0.94 0.9710 Enadima ngalam 1.31 1.31 0.66 0.8811 Erathu 1.00 1.07 0.91 0.9912 Eraviperoor 0.56 0.94 0.90 1.1013 Ezhamkulam 0.93 0.96 1.01 1.0214 Ezhumattoor 1.10 1.27 1.33 0.9115 Ka da mpa na du 1.10 0.89 1.58 0.9816 Ka dapra 0.39 0.76 1.39 1.1617 Kalanjoor 1.04 1.29 0.88 0.9318 Ka lloo ppa ra 0.91 0.72 1.38 1.0719 Kaviyoor 0.53 0.66 1.22 1.1620 Kodumon 1.44 1.22 1.19 0.8521 Koipuram 0.62 0.90 0.56 1.1222 Konni 0.87 0.89 0.87 1.0623 Kottanad 1.54 1.51 1.17 0.7724 Kottangal 1.06 0.83 0.74 1.0425 Kozhenchery 0.22 0.49 0.97 1.2726 Kula na da 1.03 1.03 1.81 0.9627 Kunnamthanam 0.66 0.90 0.69 1.1028 Kuttoor 0.64 0.76 1.59 1.1129 Malayalapuz ha 1.41 0.97 1.25 0.9230 M al la ppa lly 1.34 1.10 1.36 0.9031 Mallapuzhassery 0.78 1.02 1.04 1.0432 Mezhuveli 1.31 0.91 1.22 0.9533 Mylapra 1.35 1.17 0.54 0.9134 Naranamoozhi 1.10 1.20 0.68 0.9535 Naranganam 1.58 1.09 0.80 0.8736 Nedumpuram 0.51 0.75 0.86 1.1637 Niranam 0.73 1.48 1.39 0.9338 Omalloor 0.98 0.60 1.78 1.0739 Pal l icka l 1.21 1.24 0.87 0.9140 Panda la m 0.72 0.98 1.02 1.0641 Pandalam Thekkekara 1.63 1.47 1.10 0.7642 Pathanamthitta 0.55 0.56 0.65 1.2043 Peringara 0.54 0.96 1.53 1.0844 Pramadom 1.53 1.12 0.99 0.8745 Puramattam 0.90 1.02 0.84 1.0246 Ra nni 0.78 0.76 0.91 1.1047 Ranni- Angadi 1.10 0.62 1.95 1.0348 Ranni-Pazhava ngadi 0.61 0.98 1.01 1.0849 Ranni-Perunad 1.01 1.35 0.96 0.9250 Seetha thodu 2.15 1.16 0.37 0.7651 Thannitho de 2.46 1.47 0.92 0.6152 Thiruva lla 0.06 0.26 0.91 1.3653 Thottapuzhassery 0.74 1.00 0.65 1.0654 Thumpamon 1.00 1.30 0.71 0.9455 Va da sserikka ra 1.01 1.29 0.64 0.9556 Val lic ode 1.39 1.20 1.32 0.8657 Vechoochira 1.32 0.75 0.56 1.01


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ANNEX IV District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta9292


ANNEX IVCONCENTRATION INDEX OF LAND USE (2003-04) ( NINE FOLD CLASSIFICATION)

Sl. No Name of Panchayats Forest Agricul Planta Reside Residential/ Other Water Marshy Othersture tion ntial Agriculturel Built up body land

Concentration Index

1 Adoor (M) 0.00 4.08 0.88 3.47 2.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.042 Anicadu 0.00 0.58 0.24 0.67 4.61 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.433 Aranmula 0.00 3.58 0.20 2.18 3.17 0.00 2.58 2.57 0.494 Aruvappulam 1.71 0.05 0.82 0.13 0.02 0.00 0.50 0.00 1.245 Ayroor 0.00 1.23 1.65 1.32 2.83 0.00 0.90 0.05 0.236 Chennerkara 0.00 1.53 0.50 3.50 2.92 0.00 0.60 2.78 0.067 Cherukole 0.00 0.95 2.68 2.69 1.18 0.00 1.95 0.00 0.558 Chittar 1.53 0.92 1.07 0.45 0.01 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.729 Elanthoor 0.00 0.61 2.36 2.34 1.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.171 0 Enadimangalam 0.00 0.73 3.68 1.08 1.08 35.49 0.00 0.02 0.151 1 Erathu 0.00 3.52 0.60 3.07 2.79 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.301 2 Eraviperoor 0.00 5.58 0.16 2.09 3.16 0.00 2.34 0.05 0.031 3 Ezhamkulam 0.00 3.21 1.93 2.59 1.70 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.291 4 Ezhumattoor 0.00 1.02 0.03 1.88 4.25 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.501 5 Kadampanadu 0.00 3.34 0.31 1.80 3.64 0.00 0.38 0.11 0.131 6 Kadapra 0.00 7.04 0.00 1.62 3.04 0.00 5.78 0.00 0.001 7 Kalanjoor 0.86 0.06 2.63 0.79 0.23 7.92 0.00 0.00 0.361 8 Kallooppara 0.00 1.79 0.74 0.36 3.94 0.00 0.69 0.28 0.591 9 Kaviyoor 0.00 4.81 0.04 1.79 3.63 74.41 0.71 0.40 0.042 0 Kodumon 0.00 1.02 1.47 2.94 1.63 0.00 0.00 13.54 0.082 1 Koipuram 0.00 2.15 0.45 2.75 3.29 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.192 2 Konni 0.36 0.57 1.98 3.57 0.80 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.442 3 Kottanadu 0.00 0.66 1.34 1.97 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.55 6.092 4 kottangal 0.00 0.85 0.56 0.88 3.68 0.00 1.21 0.00 2.342 5 Kozhencherry 0.00 2.72 1.49 2.48 2.02 0.00 3.77 0.00 0.472 6 Kulanada 0.00 1.87 0.10 2.45 3.78 0.00 1.04 0.62 0.122 7 Kunnamthanam 0.00 3.52 0.24 0.35 4.23 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.422 8 Kuttoor 0.00 6.19 0.06 2.46 2.88 0.00 3.66 0.74 0.002 9 Malayalapuzha 0.01 0.31 4.09 0.94 0.73 0.00 0.79 0.00 0.153 0 Mallappally 0.00 0.74 0.13 1.26 4.33 0.00 1.57 0.19 0.553 1 Mallappuzhasserry 0.00 3.42 0.52 1.93 3.14 0.00 2.22 1.73 0.153 2 Mezhuveli 0.00 0.89 0.00 2.29 3.80 0.00 0.33 6.31 0.143 3 Mylapra 0.06 0.78 3.14 2.44 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.673 4 Naranammoozhy 0.32 0.27 2.86 1.77 0.13 0.00 4.62 0.00 2.483 5 Naranganam 0.00 1.04 3.01 2.23 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.283 6 Nedumpram 0.00 3.46 0.00 0.64 3.74 0.00 3.90 7.27 0.003 7 Niranam 0.00 14.38 0.00 0.90 2.31 0.00 0.77 0.12 0.003 8 Omal lur 0.00 1.24 0.12 6.05 2.50 0.00 0.71 0.03 0.033 9 Pal lickal 0.00 2.54 0.01 0.73 4.54 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.084 0 Pandalam 0.00 6.53 0.00 0.95 3.59 0.00 0.69 0.97 0.324 1 Pandalam Thekkekkara 0.00 6.66 0.16 1.91 3.16 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.104 2 Pathanamthitta (M) 0.00 2.00 1.27 5.33 1.44 0.00 0.76 0.05 0.324 3 Peringara 0.00 2.48 0.00 2.69 2.64 0.00 1.40 17.01 0.004 4 Pramadom 0.08 0.94 3.09 1.98 1.07 0.00 0.22 1.46 0.504 5 Puramattom 0.00 2.09 0.09 1.65 3.95 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.574 6 Ranni 0.00 0.70 3.35 1.34 1.20 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.414 7 Ranni Angadi 0.00 0.64 2.01 3.14 1.36 0.00 0.31 0.00 2.664 8 Ranni Pazhavangady 0.00 0.70 3.41 1.75 1.03 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.314 9 Ranny Perunadu 0.44 0.01 3.71 0.69 0.07 0.00 1.85 24.86 0.585 0 Seethathodu 1.87 0.13 0.25 0.03 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.00 1.435 1 Thannithodu 1.67 0.00 0.58 0.76 0.04 0.00 0.56 0.00 1.485 2 Thiruvalla (M) 0.00 4.15 0.00 4.00 2.89 0.00 1.30 0.00 0.005 3 Thottappuzhasserry 0.00 3.07 0.11 2.40 3.44 0.00 0.53 0.00 1.075 4 Thumpamon 0.00 3.53 0.05 0.80 4.23 0.00 0.60 0.43 0.155 5 Vadasserikkara 0.54 0.25 2.70 0.83 0.42 0.00 1.44 0.00 2.075 6 Vallicodu 0.00 2.05 0.50 4.08 2.23 0.00 1.50 6.91 0.255 7 Vechoochira 0.06 0.38 3.40 1.44 0.68 0.00 0.42 0.00 2.10

Source: Generated from NREDB 2003-04

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX.V


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ANNEX.VCONCENTRATION INDEX OF MAJOR CROPS (2003-04)

Sl. No Name of Panchayats Rubber Paddy Coconut Mixed Crop Others

1 Adoor Municipality 1.05 5.00 2.37 2.22 1.182 Anicadu 0.29 0.29 0.88 10.59 2.313 Aranmula 0.24 4.33 2.80 3.72 1.934 Aruvappulam 0.10 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.085 Ayroor 1.98 1.30 2.27 3.91 0.636 Chennerkara 0.61 1.76 3.68 1.68 2.097 Cherukole 3.22 1.16 0.85 1.77 0.098 Chittar 1.28 0.00 0.01 0.01 2.619 Elanthoor 2.83 0.74 0.91 2.72 5.351 0 Enadimangalam 4.41 0.82 0.79 1.18 2.851 1 Erathu 0.72 4.13 3.84 1.33 0.641 2 Eraviperoor 0.19 5.82 3.83 2.35 2.571 3 Ezhamkulam 2.32 3.10 2.33 0.78 2.381 4 Ezhumattoor 0.03 0.00 4.00 4.99 2.961 5 Kadampanadu 0.37 3.99 4.30 2.79 0.811 6 Kadapra 0.00 8.50 4.51 0.48 3.361 7 Kalanjoor 2.97 0.07 0.03 0.44 0.731 8 Kallooppara 0.89 2.00 4.97 2.33 2.431 9 Kaviyoor 0.04 5.06 4.17 2.94 2.692 0 Kodumon 1.77 1.25 2.07 1.00 0.392 1 Koipuram 0.54 2.63 2.08 4.81 3.842 2 Konni 2.33 0.64 0.61 1.15 0.192 3 Kottanadu 1.61 0.68 1.49 2.14 0.822 4 kottangal 0.67 0.38 4.69 2.21 2.692 5 Kozhencherry 1.79 3.33 1.45 2.84 1.402 6 Kulanada 0.12 2.16 4.56 2.71 1.312 7 Kunnamthanam 0.29 2.02 5.00 2.76 8.892 8 Kuttoor 0.07 7.15 4.43 0.47 2.412 9 Malayalapuzha 3.97 0.19 0.31 1.45 0.423 0 Mallappally 0.16 0.61 6.11 1.64 2.233 1 Mallappuzhasserry 0.63 4.19 1.82 4.62 4.853 2 Mezhuveli 0.00 0.98 4.17 3.50 0.453 3 Mylapra 3.77 0.78 0.28 2.02 0.703 4 Naranammoozhy 3.43 0.00 0.08 0.22 0.763 5 Naranganam 3.62 1.05 0.29 2.60 1.223 6 Nedumpram 0.00 4.24 3.35 4.09 3.353 7 Niranam 0.00 17.61 2.71 0.98 5.303 8 Omal lur 0.14 1.29 3.62 0.93 0.783 9 Pal lickal 0.01 3.09 5.01 3.87 1.894 0 Pandalam 0.00 8.00 1.78 6.24 2.814 1 Pandalam Thekkekkara 0.19 8.16 3.61 2.57 0.804 2 Pathanamthitta Municipality 1.53 2.13 1.30 1.59 1.894 3 Peringara 0.00 2.25 2.73 2.42 3.574 4 Pramadom 3.71 1.14 0.97 1.13 1.054 5 Puramattom 0.11 2.48 4.46 3.45 0.354 6 Ranni 4.02 0.86 0.72 1.97 0.414 7 Ranni Angadi 2.41 0.75 1.27 1.55 0.424 8 Ranni Pazhavangady 3.98 0.49 1.08 1.03 0.904 9 Ranny Perunadu 4.44 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.025 0 Seethathodu 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.365 1 Thannithodu 0.70 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.005 2 Thiruvalla Municipality 0.00 4.81 3.30 2.30 1.725 3 Thottappuzhasserry 0.13 3.28 3.96 2.69 2.315 4 Thumpamon 0.05 4.32 3.71 5.14 1.465 5 Vadasserikkara 3.04 0.00 0.14 0.89 0.755 6 Vallicodu 0.60 2.51 3.11 1.03 0.075 7 Vechoochira 4.08 0.02 0.19 1.49 1.04

Source: Generated from NREDB (2003-04)

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ANNEX. VI District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta9494


ANNEX. VILSG WISE AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES

Sl.No NAME Agricultural Activity1 Cheneerkara Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops2 Cherukole Plantation+Paddy+Mixed Crops3 Elanthoor Plantation+Other crops+Mixed Crops4 Kozhencherry Plantation+Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops5 Mallapuzhassery Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops6 Naranganam Plantation+Other crops+Paddy+Mixed Crops7 Omallor Paddy+Coconut8 Ayroor Plantation+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops9 Eraviperoor Others+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops10 Ezhumattoor Other crops+Coconut+Mixed Crops11 Koipuram Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops12 Puramattom Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops13 Thottapuzhessery Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops14 Aruvapulam No ne15 Konni Plantation+Mixed crops16 Malayalapuz ha Plantation+Mixed crops17 Mylapra Plantation+Mixed crops18 Pramadom Plantation+Others+Paddy+Mixed Crops19 Thannitho de No ne20 Val lic ode Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops21 Aranmula Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops22 Kula na da Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops23 Mezhuveli Coconut+Mixed Crops24 Anicad Other crops+Mixed Crops25 Ka lloo ppa ra Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops26 Kaviyoor Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops27 Kottanad Plantation+Coconut+Mixed Crops28 Kottangal Other crops+Coconut+Mixed Crops29 Kunnamthanam Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops30 M al la ppa lly Other crops+Coconut+Mixed Crops31 Panda la m Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops32 Pandalam Thekkakara Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops33 Thumpamon Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops34 Enadima ngalam Plantation+Other crops+Mixed Crops35 Erathu Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops36 Ezhamkulam Plantation+Other crops+Paddy+Coconut37 Ka da mpanad Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops38 Kalanjoor Plantation39 Kodumon Plantation+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops40 Pa l l ikka l Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops41 Ka dapra Other crops+Paddy+Coconut42 Kuttoor Other crops+Paddy+Coconut43 Nedumpuram Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops44 Niranam Other crops+Paddy+Coconut45 Peringara Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops46 Chittar Plantation+Other crops47 Naranammoozhy Plantation48 Ra nni Plantation+Mixed crops49 Ranni Angadi Plantation+Coconut+Mixed Crops50 Ranni Pazhavangadi Plantation+Coconut+Mixed Crops51 Ranni Perunad Plantation52 Seethathode No ne53 Vadasseer ikara Plantation54 Vechoochira Plantation+Other crops+Mixed Crops55 Adoor Munci Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops56 Pathanamthitta Mun. Plantation+Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops57 Thiruvalla Mun. Other crops+Paddy+Coconut+Mixed Crops

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX VII


9595

ANNEX VIICONCENTRATION INDEX OF MAJOR LAND USE CATAGORIES OF LSGs

Sl. No Name of Panchayats Agriculture Plantation Forest Urban

Concentration Index

1 Adoor (M) 2.82 0.88 0.00 0.002 Anicadu 3.16 0.24 0.00 0.003 Aranmula 2.98 0.20 0.00 0.004 Aruvappulam 0.05 0.82 1.71 0.005 Ayroor 2.27 1.65 0.00 0.006 Chennerkara 2.92 0.50 0.00 0.007 Cherukole 1.54 2.68 0.00 0.008 Chittar 0.22 1.07 1.53 0.009 Elanthoor 1.88 2.36 0.00 0.0010 Enadimangalam 1.04 3.68 0.00 0.6911 Erathu 2.95 0.60 0.00 0.0012 Eraviperoor 3.18 0.16 0.00 0.0013 Ezhamkulam 2.11 1.93 0.00 0.0014 Ezhumattoor 3.29 0.03 0.00 0.0015 Kadampanadu 3.15 0.31 0.00 0.4816 Kadapra 3.15 0.00 0.00 0.0017 Kalanjoor 0.36 2.63 0.86 0.2418 Kallooppara 2.79 0.74 0.00 0.0019 Kaviyoor 3.30 0.04 0.00 0.3220 Kodumon 1.90 1.47 0.00 0.0021 Koipuram 3.03 0.45 0.00 0.0022 Konni 1.48 1.98 0.36 0.0023 Kottanadu 1.67 1.34 0.00 0.0024 kottangal 2.66 0.56 0.00 0.0025 Kozhencherry 2.22 1.49 0.00 0.0026 Kulanada 3.24 0.10 0.00 0.0027 Kunnamthanam 3.17 0.24 0.00 0.0028 Kuttoor 3.16 0.06 0.00 0.0029 Malayalapuzha 0.74 4.09 0.01 0.0030 Mallappally 3.15 0.13 0.00 0.0031 Mallappuzhasserry 2.87 0.52 0.00 0.0032 Mezhuveli 3.09 0.00 0.00 0.0033 Mylapra 1.31 3.14 0.06 0.0034 Naranammoozhy 0.56 2.86 0.32 0.0035 Naranganam 1.45 3.01 0.00 0.0036 Nedumpram 2.93 0.00 0.00 0.0037 Niranam 3.34 0.00 0.00 0.0038 Omallur 3.27 0.12 0.00 0.0039 Pallickal 3.36 0.01 0.00 0.0040 Pandalam 3.27 0.00 0.00 0.0041 Pandalam Thekkekkara 3.25 0.16 0.00 0.0042 Pathanamthitta (M) 2.50 1.27 0.00 0.0043 Peringara 2.64 0.00 0.00 0.0044 Pramadom 1.29 3.09 0.08 0.0045 Puramattom 3.17 0.09 0.00 0.0046 Ranni 1.18 3.35 0.00 0.0047 Ranni Angadi 1.74 2.01 0.00 0.0048 Ranni Pazhavangady 1.18 3.41 0.00 0.0049 Ranny Perunadu 0.22 3.71 0.44 0.0050 Seethathodu 0.02 0.25 1.87 0.0051 Thannithodu 0.22 0.58 1.67 0.0052 Thiruvalla (M) 2.31 0.00 0.00 300.1553 Thottappuzhasserry 3.14 0.11 0.00 0.0054 Thumpamon 3.29 0.05 0.00 0.0055 Vadasserikkara 0.51 2.70 0.54 0.0056 Vallicodu 2.69 0.50 0.00 0.0057 Vechoochira 0.84 3.40 0.06 0.00

Source: Generated from NREDB (2003-04)

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ANNEX. VIII District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta9696


ANNEX. VIIIWEIGHTAGE OF FACILITIES

Sl No Name of the Facilities Weightage

1 L.P.School 1.00

2 U.P.School 1.21

3 High School 1.02

4 Higher Secondary School 1.02

5 Arts & Science College 5.70

6 B Ed: College 8.14

7 TTI 4.75

8 Engineering College 11.40

9 Medical College 57.00

10 Nursing college 9.50

11 Dental college 57.00

12 Ayurveda College 57.00

13 ITI & ITC 14.25

14 Polytechnic College 14.25

15 Taluk Hospital 14.25

16 Community Health Centre 1.16

17 Public Health Centre 1.12

18 ESI 19.00

19 Speciality Hospital 2.11

20 Daily Market 2.59

21 Weekly Market 1.24

22 Krshibhavan 1.00

23 Vetenary Hospital 19.00

24 Vetenary Dispensary 1.12

25 Agricultural Seed farm 19.00

26 Agricultural Credit Socity 1.00

27 Park 14.25

28 Play Ground and Stadium 2.04

29 Cinema Theatre 6.33

30 Library 1.06

31 Fire Station 11.40

32 Polce Station 3.35

33 KSRTC Stand 14.25

34 Private Bus Stand Stnd 4.75

35 Railway Station 57.00

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX IX


9797

ANNEX IXCOMPOSITE FUNCTIONAL INDEX (CFI) OF SETTLEMENTS

Sl No Name ofLSGI TOTAL

1 Thiruvalla (M) 489.42

2 Adoor (M) 249.57

3 Pathanamthitta (M) 249.55

4 Pandalam 184.83

5 Ranni 95.92

6 Peringara 90.36

7 Mallappally 80.56

8 Koipuram 77.84

9 Konni 77.78

10 Kadampanad 61.93

11 Ranni Pazhavangadi 61.13

12 Kozhencherry 56.21

13 Cheneerkara 54.08

14 Ezhamkulam 54.08

15 Pallikkal 53.73

16 Aranmula 52.45

17 Kodumon 49.43

18 Enadimangalam 45.99

19 Kadapra 45.03

20 Vechoochira 44.65

21 Elanthoor 43.94

22 Ezhumattoor 43.72

23 Puramattom 42.86

24 Kulanada 42.72

25 Kaviyoor 42.00

26 Kalanjoor 40.00

27 Pandalam Thekkakara 38.97

28 Ranni Perunad 38.64

29 Pramadom 38.31

Sl No Name ofLSGI TOTAL

30 Naranganam 37.76

31 Vadasseerikara 35.96

32 Thottapuzhessery 35.76

33 Ayroor 33.93

34 Erathu 33.20

35 Kallooppara 32.94

36 Mezhuveli 31.88

37 Seethathode 31.66

38 Vallicode 30.39

39 Aruvapulam 30.30

40 Kottanad 30.08

41 Eraviperoor 29.98

42 Ranni Angadi 29.86

43 Kuttoor 29.43

44 Mallapuzhassery 28.17

45 Malayalapuzha 27.59

46 Cherukole 26.66

47 Mylapra 25.90

48 Chittar 25.16

49 Kottangal 24.70

50 Thumpamon 24.03

51 Kunnamthanam 22.60

52 Thannithode 20.95

53 Omallor 19.47

54 Niranam 19.18

55 Nedumpuram 18.02

56 Anicad 18.00

57 Naranammoozhy 14.74

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ANNEX.X District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta9898


ANNEX.XSERVICE SETTLEMENTS AND SERVICE POPULATION OF SECOND ORDER SETTLEMENTS

ANNEX.X 2nd order settlements Service Populat ion123456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657

Thiruva lla 56837Niranam 14381Ka dapra 22324Nedumpuram 12960Peringara 22109Kuttoor 19974Eraviperoor 26038Kaviyoor 17502Kunnanthanam 20157Ka lloo ppa ra 17719Puramattom 14706Ezhumattoor 19659M al la ppaly 18025Anic aud 14733Koipuram 27089Thottappuzhassery 15289Kottangal 17484Ra nni 13990Kottanad 14581Cherukol 13048Ranni-Pazhava ngadi 25038Ra nni-Anga di 15873Ayroor 22596Vechoochira 22086Naranammoozhy 16272Rani-Perunadu 22435Va da sserikka ra 22469Pathanamthitta 38009Val lic ode 20750Omalloor 17540Elanthoor 15425Mylapra 10200Kozhencherry 12539Mallapuzhassery 12416Naranganam 17749Chenneerkkara 19538Konni 29235Kalanjoor 33479Pramadom 31488Aruvappulam 22261Tha nnithodu 14737Seetha thodu 17192Chittar 17336Malayalappuzha 18266Adoor 28952Pal l icka l 41376Ka dam pandu 26839Erathu 25005Kodumon 27714Ezhamkulam 32860Enadima ngalam 20955Panda la m 40810Mezhuveli 15223Kula nda 24493Pandalam Thekkekkara 18101Thumpamon 8160Aranmula 2994

Thiruva lla

Mallapally

Ra nni

Pathanamthitta

Konni

Adoor

Panda la m

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX XI


9999

ANNEXE XISERVICE AREA OF THIRD ORDER SETTLEMENT-SIZE OF POLYGON

SIZE OF POLYGON

TOTAL POPULATION of dist= 1234016NO OF IIIrd ORDER NODES= 8NO OF POPULATION SERVED BY ONE THIRD ORDER= 154252

Avr pop density (Ranges 0-1025, 1026-2050)Chittar = 512.5Konni = 512.5Ranni = 512.5Mallappally = 512.5Adoor Munci = 1538Pandalam = 1538Kozhencherry = 1538Pathanamthitta Mun = 1538Thiruvalla Mun. = 1538

Area of polygon (pop den = 512.5) = 300.97

Side of polygon (pop den = 512.5) = 10.76

Area of polygon (pop den = 1538) = 100.29

Side of polygon (pop den = 1538) = 6.21

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ANNEX XII District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta100100


ANNEX. XIISERVICE SETTLEMENTS AND SERVICE POPULATION OF THIRD ORDER SETTLEMENTS

Sl:No III Order settlements Service Settlements Population123456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657

Thiruva lla 56837Niranam 14381Ka dapra 22324Nedumpuram 12960Peringara 22109Kuttoor 19974Eraviperoor 26038Kaviyoor 17502Ka lloo ppa ra 17719Kunnanthanam 20157Puramattom 14706Ezhumattoor 19659M al la ppaly 18025Kottangal 17484Anic aud 14733Kottanad 14581Kozhencherry 12539Mallapuzhassery 12416Aranmula 2994Koipuram 27089Thottappuzhassery 15289Cherukol 13048Ayroor 22596Ra nni 13990Ranni-Pazhava ngadi 25038Ra nni-Anga di 15873Vechoochira 22086Naranammoozhy 16272Va da sserikka ra 22469Ranni-Perunadu 22435Seetha thodu 17192Chittar 17336Konni 29235Kalanjoor 33479Pramadom 31488Aruvappulam 22261Tha nnithodu 14737Pathanamthitta 38009Val lic ode 20750Omalloor 17540Elanthoor 15425Mylapra 10200Malayalappuzha 18266Naranganam 17749Chenneerkkara 19538Adoor 28952Pal l icka l 41376Ka dam pandu 26839Erathu 25005Kodumon 27714Ezhamkulam 32860Enadima ngalam 20955Panda la m 40810Mezhuveli 15223Kula nda 24493Pandalam Thekkekkara 18101Thumpamon 8160

Thiruvalla

Mallapally

Kozhencherry

Ranny

Chittar

Konni

Pathanamthitta

Adoor

Pandalam

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District Urbanisation Report - Pathanamthitta ANNEX XIII


101101

ANNEX.XIIIPERCENTAGE OF MALE WORKERS IN NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 2001

Sl.No Name of Panchayaths Total Main Main_Non Agri Est imated Est imatedMale workers 1991 (Male) Main_Non Agri % of male Non Agri

2001 (Male) workers 20011 Adoor 5734 3298 3492 60.902 Anicadu 4062 1432 1782 43.873 Aranmula 6015 2527 3247 53.984 Aruvapulam 5670 1769 2534 44.695 Ayroor 3978 2819 2441 61.366 Cheneerkara 4931 1396 2236 45.357 Cherukole 2646 1326 1265 47.818 Chittar 4497 1238 1638 36.429 Elanthoor 3177 1208 1604 50.491 0 Enadimangalam 4978 1886 2300 46.201 1 Erathu 6160 2050 2862 46.461 2 Eraviperoor 6061 2429 3550 58.571 3 Ezhamkulam 7940 2991 4244 53.451 4 Ezhumattoor 4341 2211 2300 52.981 5 Kadampanad 6930 2133 3120 45.021 6 Kadapra 4626 2344 2922 63.161 7 Kalanjoor 7847 3014 4044 51.541 8 Kallooppara 3501 1827 1967 56.181 9 Kaviyoor 4121 1742 2561 62.152 0 Kodumon 6682 2315 2954 44.212 1 Koipuram 6266 2819 3580 57.132 2 Konni 7384 2834 4301 58.252 3 Kottanad 3656 1458 1544 42.232 4 Kottangal 4244 2035 2574 60.652 5 Kozhencherry 2911 1590 1891 64.962 6 Kulanada 4710 1972 2513 53.352 7 Kunnamthanam 4176 1726 2426 58.092 8 Kuttoor 4453 2061 2693 60.482 9 Malayalapuzha 4890 1684 2204 45.073 0 Mallappally 4438 2060 2156 48.583 1 Mal lapuzhassery 2809 963 1520 54.113 2 Mezhuveli 3743 1012 1792 47.883 3 Mylapra 2243 910 1123 50.073 4 Naranamoozhy 4015 1474 1833 45.653 5 Naranganam 3965 1191 1846 46.563 6 Nedumpuram 2522 1540 1641 65.073 7 Niranam 2949 923 1592 53.983 8 Omal loor 4022 1496 2125 52.833 9 Pallikkal 10729 2909 4780 44.554 0 Pandalam 8735 3841 5047 57.784 1 Pandalam Thekkakara 4619 1220 1861 40.294 2 Pathanamthitta 28618 4664 5972 20.874 3 Peringara 5176 2335 3126 60.394 4 Pramadom 6821 2427 3197 46.874 5 Puramattom 3054 1529 1707 55.894 6 Ranni 3031 1944 1816 59.914 7 Ranni Angadi 3321 1898 2010 60.524 8 Ranni Pazhavangadi 6000 2895 3667 61.124 9 Ranni Perunad 5474 2553 2730 49.875 0 Seethathode 4507 1536 1682 37.325 1 Thannithode 3409 976 1075 31.535 2 Thiruvalla 13698 7689 9855 71.945 3 Thottapuzhessery 3780 1706 2105 55.695 4 Thumpamon 1490 585 709 47.585 5 Vadasseer ikara 5791 2374 3005 51.895 6 Valli code 4348 1739 1982 45.585 7 Vechoochira 5382 2334 2984 55.44

Source: Census 1991

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