Just Some Short Roman Catholism
History Essays In One Place(Warning: May Still put you to
Sleep.)and Political Philosophy Essays to make sure you stay
in a Coma!
Daniel W.Vliet “The Bold Artist”
1
The painting by Piero di Cosimo in 1490 is called The
Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony Abbot
Piero Di Cosimo
A painting that is very cool. National Gallery of Art,
Washington, DC,The Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint
Anthony Abbot, c. 1490 Samuel H. Kress Collection
1939.1.361,2008
The painting by Piero di Cosimo in 1490 is called The
Visitation with Saint Nicholas and Saint Anthony Abbot. This
painting depicts several people who are important in the
religious community. Mary gave birth to Jesus and also said
yes to life in a world that would have stoned her as an
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adulteress. Elizabeth, women who waited a long time to have a
baby. At this moment in the painting, John the Baptist is
leaping for joy in his mother’s womb. In the Bible, in Gospel
of Luke 1,41-42, Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit and
cried out in a loud voice.” bless it are you among women and
bless it is the fruit of your womb.” In addition to all these
things, Elizabeth’s husband’s power of speech was taking away,
because an angel told him his wife was going to be pregnant
way beyond her years. He became literally, speak less unable
to talk further.
Saint Anthony of the Abbot, according to www.catholic.org,
had suffered the death of his parent at a very young age.
Between the years of eighteen and twenty he heard a reading of
Matthew 19:21”If you wish to be perfect, go, sell your
position and give the money to the poor, and you will have
treasures in heaven; then come follow me.” Saint Anthony the
Abbott after deep prayer and personnel reflection knew what he
had to do to transform himself as much like Jesus Christ as
possible. He then placed his sister in a convent, probably
3
being the oldest man in the family; he had the power to do
that because it was part of that time. He spent the rest of
his life doing the will of god, eating mostly bread, fasting,
and praying. Greek philosophers sought him after. They wanted
his guidance. Saint Anthony also formed the first monastic
community in which religious brothers only came together to
worship. ``
In conclusion he was long sought after even to the point
where Anthony became afraid and felt people may start
worshiping him instead of God. He moved into the desert and
lived under the care of a people called Saracens. Saint
Anthony died at one hundred and five, a long life giving
himself to the lord in almost complete solitude. Cosimo
captures the essence of this character in this painting.
Saint Nicholas lived around the fourth century. He is known
for having a giving heart. One act of unselfish giving was
with a man who had three daughters; the man was faced with a
hardship that would have led his daughters into a very sad and
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unholy life style such as slavery or maybe even prostitution.
Saint Nicholas heard of this by the grace of God, and over
time secretly gave them all a dowry so they could live a
normal life. Saint Nicholas, shortly after that, entered the
religious life and later became a bishop of Myra.
A Dutch protestant, in possible attempt to revitalize
Christmas made Saint Nicholas into Santa Clause a Nordics
sorcerer. In other places, Saint Nicholas became Kris Kringle,
a Christmas secular superstar. Saint Nicholas is known
throughout the world by many names, even until present day.
The Visitation in Catholics tradition is said as a joyful
mystery on a device called a Rosary. A Rosary is a beaded
device in which common prayer such as The Sign of The Cross,
Hail Mary, and The Apostle’s Creed and Our Father and the
Glory Be To The Father, And The Hail, Holy Queen these are the
mains ones used. According to the person or group, praying
other could be added but these prayers will never be taken
away. These prayers are not repetitive prayer at least not to
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Catholics, but other Christian denominations would disagree.
To a practicing Catholic it is a form of mediation used to
learn the bible, learn and think about the life of the Lord
Jesus Christ. The Second Joyful Mystery teaches Catholics how
to love their neighbor and it teaches charity toward others.
This painting is hung in the National Gallery of Art, in
Washington D.C., the website used for this research is
www.nga.gov. Recorded on this site was other information,
which cannot be confirmed due to the size of the printout.
This work of art has in it the Annunciation, which is on the
church wall. According to the website.
In short, the Annunciation is a depiction of when Mary found
out she was pregnant. The bible reference is the gospel of
Luke 1,28 which is also a part of the Rosary, called the First
Joyful Mystery. In addition, in the painting, there is a
Navity and Adoration of the Shepherds on the left, and in the
middle ground, there is a great Massacre of the Innocent. The
Massacre provides contrast to many good people such as, Saint
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Jon of Arc and countless others, dying as martyr’s .Who died
having done no great wrong other than, taking part in the
Protestant Reformation.
In conclusion, a powerful family named the Capporni family
probably hired Piero Di Cosimo. The painting was in their own
chapel in Spirito, in Florence. His style is compared to
Leonardo Da Vinci, because of a crown, which is formed by the
placement of people, says Giorgio Vasari in his book Lives of
the Artists. This painting is for all to see and enjoy.
7
Catholic’s Go Marching on, in the medieval time period
“It is altogether necessary for salvation; he wrote,’ that
every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff.” Pope
Boniface “Unam sanctam” 18 November 13021
An informative paper on the Roman Catholic Church and its
place in Medieval Military history and information on Saint
Joan of Arc and Saint Francis of Assai. The medieval time of
1 Read Piers, Paul. The Templers, The Dramatic History of the knights Templar, The Most Powerful Military Order of Crusades. DA Capo Press,2001.(page 257)
8
Crusader history is between 1000 years, from 500-1500 AD. The
Catholic Church recognized three major orders: the Templars,
the Hospitallers and the Teutonic knights.The smaller orders
where the Baltic orders of the Sword and Dobrin and the
Spanish orders of Santiago, Alcantara and Calatrava.
The knights where called to defend the nobility and
property and important people of the Catholic Church. The 11th
century Pope Urban II blessed the 1st crusade to secure
Jerusalem and ensure the Holy Land stays in Christendom hand.
No matter how you slice Medieval History Pope’s really
appeared corrupt and the non-Christians; Jews, Muslims,
Pagans, suffered greatly.2
The term Militia Christi means the orders of crusading
knights whose goal was to Christianize the unchurched people
of Jerusalem. The Crusader States established four small area
known as states . The levant; the first of the Crusader
States was the county of Edessa. The others were Tripoli,
Jerusalem and Antioch. The states functioned as lordships and
2 Marshal,Christopher J.The Crusading Motivation of the Italian City Republics in the Latin East,c 1096-1104. http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles.marshall2.htm. ( Accessed on November .22, 2009)
9
lasted until 1291. The Saladin and Hattin Horns, 1187 Saladin
defeated the crusaders in 1187 using mounted cavalry using. A
hilly area, the Horns of Hattin was the site of the battle
and where the Christians were defeated. Many Christians
escaped to nearby towns, some chose to convert, some were
killed and some sold into slavery. The Third Crusade in the
Third Crusade Richard the Lionheart with heavy cavalry
confronted Saladin in 1191 but did not take Jerusalem.
Richard I and Arsuf, 1191 Arsuf was a city where Richard I
defeated Saladin’s troops in 1191. He did not reach Jerusalem
but made a treaty with Saladin.3
A individual can be a crusader such as Saint Joan of Arc or
Saint Francis of Assai, to well known people from Medieval
history, so well known one could forget what time they hail
from, because quotes are always being used that where said by
the medieval saints. Saint Francis of Assai is contributed
for making the nativity scene the way it is seen around
Christmas. Saint Jon of Arc has weaved a way in culture in
religious and non religious ways.3 Read Piers, Paul. The Templers, The Dramatic History of the knights Templar, The Most Powerful Military Order of Crusades. DA Capo Press,2001.(pages164-177).
10
If Joan of Arc was alive today the first thing she would say
is stop calling me that, my name is Jehanne d’Arc. Which is
why history is different in this digital age, and the human
brains are the master search engines not “Goggle”. Does the
modern day Dewey Decimal system also knows Jon of Arc is
Jehanne d’Arc also; a machine or software needs be told. One
must grow up with the oral Catholic traditions or simply be a
history buff, Joan of Arc is known has the Patron Saint of
France, you can’t miss her in even in growing up in seaport
of Gloucester, Massachusetts. The statue is a bronze statue
and is simply known commonly as the Joan of Arc statue. The
statue is located on Legion Square. Anna Hyatt Huntington4
made the horse and Joan, the base was made by Frederick Hall,
this World War One memorial 5also faces the areas American
Legion Post, hence probably the name Legion Square. Saint
Joan of Arc higher leadership used her with the hope folk
4 Oral history interview Anna Hyatt-Huntington, [ca.1964], Achieves of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/oralhistories/transcripts/huntin64.htm. [Accessed on November 21 2009].5 J.Jeffery Grant. The Lure of Gloucester (1883-1960) Exhibition II Vose Galleries of Boston May 1-June 14, 2008. http://www.vosegalleries.com/downloads/Grant2.pdf . (Accessed on November 21, 2009).
11
lore of the enemy would scare them; she carried a banner into
battle for the French. 6
Joan of Arc is often invoked in many Gay and Lesbian and
Feminist movements, because of stereotypical thinking, that
she must have not had heterosexual attraction because she
carried a guidon or banner into battle, although this is
plain modern bull and sexists and distorts her legacy. She
was a strong Feminist, but the question is did her strength
come from the fact she was a women or from the fact she
really felt she was “On a Mission from God”, one would think
with common since, gender would be neutral issue, since a
supreme being pick a person for missions, not gender.
Joan of Arc came from what seemed to coming from the
deserted desert in France, she chose to enter war claiming to
be “On a Mission from God”, like the classic movie known as
the “Blues Brothers”7, claimed. These two men group in nun run
school that had to close down. Jake and Elwood Blues to find
former band members and convince them to rejoin the band and
6“ J.Jeffery Grant”7 Directed by John Landis. With John Belushi, Dan Aykroyd, James Brown. The Blue Brothers (1980). http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080455/ . (Accessedon November 21, 2009).
12
play a benefit concert for the school. Jake and Elwood Blues
had to convince “The Penguin “ and a Pawn Shop owner that
they where more then just thieves, like Joan of Arc had to
convince royalty and French Military leadership the she was
more then a peasant girl.8
The French Monarchy and Army really had to believe she
was “On a Mission from God” like people in the Blues Brothers
movie did. This has been the theme of the medieval period.
Many people acted if they where working directly for God.
Joan of Arc saw visions of the whole heavenly court over
time. The vision got stronger, and included St. Michael the
Archangel. He was the angel that thwarted the devil and pushed
him to hell. He told Joan the French Dauphin was the true
king. Joan of Arc said to the French Dauphin “I have come and
am sent in the name of God to bring aid to your self and to
the Kingdom”. Joan of Arc carried a banner in 1429, which had
on it Jesus holding the world and had angels on both sides.
Joan of Arc encouraged troops much like a General in command;
she put herself in harms way on more then one occasion. Joan
8 “John Landis”
13
of Arc was captured in battle and was in prison by English
hands and sent home in a prison exchange, Joan of Arc endured
months of trials eventually. She died being burned at the
stake as a witch in or around March 1431.9
St Francis of Assai tried to fight under Walter of
Brienne, Brother of John of Brienne, and Supported by Pope
Innocent III. St Francis of Assisi failed at War, like many
good people who think going to war is the only way to help
the world.10 The relevance of St Francis of Assisi in a
Medieval War essay is he watched or had others in his group
observe The Battle of Damietta. St Francis of Assisi had a
vision that John of Brienne army would lose, he told them and
the army did not listen. 11
The Battle of Damietta was fought in the sea and land on
August 29th 1219. Damietta Egypt was the near coast on the
Nile River. The Leader John of Brienne he would have been
King of Jerusalem if the Muslims did not occupy Jerusalem.
9 Alan Williamson,Joan of Arc,Brief Biography. http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofare_short_biography.html . (Accessed on November 20 2009).10 Rega,Frank. St.Frances of Assisi and the Convention of the Muslims. Tan Books and Publishers.2007(.Pages 49-51)11 “Rega,Frank”(Pages 52)
14
One highlight of the use of a battle tactic using holy
relics, Radulfus was the Latin Patrarch of Jerusalem, he
carried the persumed true cross and pointed toward John of
Brienne Army, this made the crusader knights rally around
John of Brienne. The Knight Templar and the Hospitallers
fought in The Battle of Damietta. The other religious thing
psychological warfare in The Battle of Damietta was beheading
Christian crusader on the same day as the remembrance of St.
John the Baptist beheading.12
Knights of John started forming in1048 the Order of
Malta worked at a hospital controlled by Mahometans. In
1099,Godfrey of Bouillion took control of Jerusalem. Monks no
longer needed to work in the hospital. In 1113 Pope Paschal II
confirmed a new spiritual order. The order established three
groups one group was the knight themselves they protect the
people that can’t protect themselves. The other group where
the priest and they worked on the spiritual welfare of the
community, the last group was the servant group.13
12 “Rega,Frank”(Pages 53)13Sir Bernard Burke.An account of the Order of St.John . http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/burkeosj.htm . (Assessed November 20 2009).
15
It is believed that crusades where for land or
because the Pope desired it, but that does not seem to be the
case. More crusades where started looking for the Crown of
Thorns or the head of John the Baptist and bones of Saints.
The soil from holy places was cause also. Clearly the Holy
Grail and the Ark of Convent are the most common causes of the
Crusades.
The story of the true is that it was discovered by
Empress Helena, the mother of Constantine the first. She
discovered the thieves cross and Jesus’ cross. The right cross
of Jesus was found when Bishop Macarius of Jerusalem had three
sick women lay on the cross for healing, one women got healed
right away, she chose to lay on the right one.The True Cross
stayed with the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem
until 614.Chrosroes II of Persia took Jerusalem and moved the
cross, years later the Roman Emperor Herclius took it back.
The relic stayed in Constantinople, but was brought back to
Jerusalem. The true cross was not seen again until 1099,
around the time of the first crusade.14
14 Dafoe ,Stephan.The Relic of the True Cross/The Knights Templar
16
The Roman Catholic Church history should not be seen
as the Pope leading everything. Clearly in the Case of Joan of
Arc, where was “Christ Vicar on Earth”. Crusade history seems
that the Catholic’s simply marched on to war, many crusades
where about treasures. St Francis of Assisi was the man who
improved the spiritual love threw his poetry or canticles and
his examples; he strove to convert Muslim, at least from
warlike behavior. Did Popes Crusaders and would be Saints
believe they are “On a Mission from God”. The only truth about
history is it always changes maybe that is Gods Mission. Holy
orders that fought as knights, was not like one person getting
the word of God, and going off. This is what other historic
writers lead you to believe; this is plain written for the
romantic audience, like all fighter pilots in World War I,
practiced the art of chivalry, this is historical nonsense,
which comes up in studying World War I.A Hersey of studying
the history of the Catholic Church is all religious where good
and their works came from God and threw God, the student must
be forced to learn the two histories from secular and
http://www.templarhistory.com/cross.html . Stephan Dafoe/Templer History 2009.
17
religious works presented to him or her and decide the truth
on history and make a personnel discernment , on what really
happened.
18
Bibliography
Sir Bernard Burke. “An account of the Order of
St.John”. http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/burkeosj.htm
(Assessed November 20 2009).
Dafoe ,Stephan.”The Relic of the True Cross/ The Knights
Templar”
http://www.templarhistory.com/cross.html . Stephan
Dafoe/Templer History . (Accessed on November 22, 2009.
J.Jeffery Grant. The Lure of Gloucester (1883-1960)
Exhibition II Vose Galleries of Boston, May 1-June 14,2008.
http://www.vosegalleries.com/downloads/Grant2.pdf . (Accessed
on November 21, 2009).
19
Read Piers, Paul. The Templers, The Dramatic History of
the knights Templar, The Most Powerful Military Order of
Crusades. DA Capo Press,2001.(pages164-177).
Oral history interview Anna Hyatt-Huntington, (ca.1964),
“Achieves of American Art, Smithsonian
Institution”.
http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/oralhistories/transcripts/hu
ntin64.htm. ( Accessed on November 21 2009).
Rega,Frank. St.Frances of Assisi and the Convention of the
Muslims. Tan Books and Publishers.2007.(Pages 49-53).
Marshal,Christopher J.The Crusading Motivation of the
Italian City Republics in the Latin East,c 1096-1104.
http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles.marshall2.htm.
( Accessed on November .22, 2009)
Williamson, Alan .”Joan of Arc,Brief Biography”.
http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/joanofare_short_biography.html
. ( Accessed on November 20 2009).
20
A Slice of French
Catholic Church History Pie
“Never will anyone who says his Rosary every day be led
astray. This is a statement that I would gladly sign with my
blood.” Saint Louis de Montfort15
The Roman Catholic Church, during the 18th century, was a
struggling time for Frances secular societies, but also was a
time of turmoil for the church-going society as well. The
French Enlightenment and the Napoleonic period, where not only
a time of changes for France, but it also was a time for
renewal in the end. Catholicism was the dominant religion in
France. One would be arrogant to assume the Enlightenment was
limited to the Catholic Church or to the political movements
15 EWTN. May 4,2007.http://www.santaclarafm.com.ar/Devotionals/inspiration_05may2007.htm.2009
21
of the times of the “Age of Reason” and the Napoleonic period,
but for the purpose of this writing this essay is about French
Catholicism in the 18th century.
The French in the seventeen hundreds had three groups
known as “estates”. The first estate was the clergy and
religious leaders. The first estate drew income from land-
holders like the nobility. The land-holding were fifteen
percent of France, it was owned by the church. The second
estate was nobility. This class worked very little and earned
money from ownership of land also. The French in the third
estate were mostly farmer, this included 98 percent of France.
Although Bourgeoisie were not farmers but they were similar to
nobility as they belong to the third estate group of France.
Bourgeoisie strived largely to achieve nobility for themselves
or their children. The high tax burden on the poor, led to the
fall of these social- economic classes in France. The third
estate could no longer be the only estate to pay taxes and
this led to the French Revolution. The members of the third
estate tithed anything from two to ten percent of their gross
income to the first estate. The king’s taxes took the rest
22
from the peasants of France. The rich did not believe in
“trickle down “economics. The plight of third estate had
nothing to do with not working hard; it was asking too many
taxes that led to the French Revolution. The second estate was
not serving the people and there was no reason they should
have not paid higher taxes. The first estate was providing
heath care and lower and upper level education. It was
understandable for the church and the clergy to be tax-
exempt. This unbalanced tax structure led to farmers who sold
food and have a hard time getting food for themselves. The
French Revolution and the American Revolution had many
similarities, but the direct cause was very different. French
history would be a different account today if the monarchy
looked towards their heavenly father for guidance, rather then
doing more of the same thing their earthy father did.16
Louis de Montfort was a helper who helped form modern
Mariology. Mariology has been around since the start of the
church, it is an idea in Theology that Jesus is worshipped
through Mary the Mother of God in all things artistic and or
16 P.M.Jones, The Peasantry in the French Revolution, Cambridge University Press.2009
23
creative. Louis de Montfort is famous for the saying “Jesus
thru Mary”. The belief that rosary and scapular devotion and
miracles medal devotions, the prayer said while wearing and
carrying holy reminders, go to Jesus, because Mary of Nazareth
was the Mother of God. (Fragment) A prays get heard according
to this practice and belief. Louis de Montfort died in
seventeen thousand and sixteen (1716), while King Louis was
only King since September seventeen thousand and fifteen.
Blessed William Joseph Chaminade was a priest during the
French Revolution. He did not take the Civil Constitution of
the Clergy in Seventeen thousand and ninety-one. He just did
his priestly duties in secret. Blessed William Joseph
Chaminade founded the Sodality of our Lady, but was forced to
live in exile in Spain in the last part of the 18th century.
He developed many schools and spent his life spreading Marion
Devotion throughout France and elsewhere.17
When the French Catholic church asks for worship in line
with those tenets, are they outwardly expressing the love for
the carpenter and for the fishermen “Peter”, whom Jesus
17 Jones,Terry. Blessed William Joseph Chaminade.http://saints.sqpn.com/saintw15.htm.2009
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taught? Believers, then, are good stewards, good servants and
teachers of the lord’s lessons and idea. French people in
secular societies were borrowing religious ideas for many
public documents such as the one called the Declaration of
Right of Men, written by the Marquis de Lafayette in seventeen
thousand and eighty-nine and the sister document, Declaration
of the Rights of Women, written by Olympe Degouges in
seventeen thousand and ninety-one. Although these documents
were not written from the chair of Saint Peter, the only place
the Pope is infallible, according to Catholic Church teaching.
(fragment) The French writing of the day were based upon on
The Christ, all are created equal in the messiah’s eyes, all
got salvation on Calvary. French society may be viewed as
becoming secular or may be viewed as society becoming more
Christ-based, where all our welcomed.18
Jesuits were a holy order that was powerful within the
Catholic Church; they were and are totally rigid in their
thinking toward Catholism. The Jesuits are very loyal to their
Popes, hence every conclave before a new Pope was elected the
18 Owen Connelly, The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era, Harcourt College Publishers, 2000.
25
question was asked, how is this man, Cardinal, going to deal
with the Jesuits. In seventeen thousand and forty six, a
Jesuit broke with tradition and went into the merchant
business, probably only to keep his flock from being sold into
slavery. Jesuit Father Pere LaValette was in charge of the
administrative duties of a French island called, The Island of
Martinique, this island was owned by the French since sixteen
thousand and fifty-eight. Father Pere LaValette made bold
moves that he felt he had to make for the greater good of his
peasant flock; he borrowed money and invested into
plantations, although the Jesuit order as whole would be
responsible for the debt of the mission. A member of the
Jesuit order probably owns one personnel item. The leader of
the Jesuit order General Ignatius Visconti tried to recall
Father Lavalette. Four Ships were sent to Father Lavalette, he
never was on any of them, he would not go back to Rome. Father
Lavlette hired a French privateer vessel to try carrying
product for sale in hopes to turn a profit and pay off all
debts of the mission. Unfortunately the crops were taken by
English Privateers and the works of the mission were lost.
26
Father Lavalette’s endeavors got him and the Jesuit order into
a legal battle. The Jesuits should not trade goods. As
probably looks too much like having a business for profit. The
Jesuit order appealed to Paris Parliament. Maybe since a
mission Jesuit priest should have been a beggar father, and
not appear to be a business man, to the naked eye. The Jesuits
wanted legal action, because they owed money, not for Father
Lavalette’s action’s alone. The Jesuits had a handbook known
as the Constitutions. Paris Parliament had little interest of
the debt owed by Father Lavalette. Paris Parliament wanted a
chance to see the handbook of the Jesuit order. No one outside
the church and the order ever saw it in public. The book had
in it, sinful acts, that men and women do. Father Lavalette
was used in the end as a way to expose his order secrets.
Father Lavalette was no longer allowed to practice in the
Jesuit order. Father Lavalette became a priest without a
flock, because once a priest, always a priest. During the
Seven Year War, the English sold the landholdings and also
used it during the war. The inhabitants who worked the
plantation mission were sold into slavery, by the English. All
27
Father Lavalette’s debt would have been covered. Clearly he
was not a business man, but a missionary trying to take care
of his flock and better the life on this French Island of
Martinique.19
Although the trials ended in the matter of the French
Island of Martinique, other backlashes continued. Paris
Parliament after seeing the handbook of the Jesuits, called
the Constitutions, led them to make a copy of the handbook and
to keep talking about what the Society of Jesus believes. The
Jesuits put their mark on global history, by making themselves
educators in the academic realms of astronomy and mathematics
and many other academic fields, but their core beliefs and
values where in question. In sixteen thousand and eighty-
eight, they got the title the “The Kings Mathematicians”. This
distinction led the Jesuits to have centuries of work in the
16th and 17th century. Any athlete would tell you, you’re only
as good as your last performance and the Jesuit battle against
Paris Parliament, led to public exposure of many of the
Jesuits secrets by making the handbook public. The Jesuits had
19 Manfred Barthel. The Jesuits History and Legend of the Society of Jesus.William Morrow and Company, Inc, New York 1984.
28
lost their foothold in the religious school, due to the public
knowledge of the handbook. Jesuit where seen as unfit for duty
because of their shared view, they where ousted from
educational duties in college. The overtaxed parish priest was
more desirable for the job of teacher rather then the Jesuits.
Pope Clement XIII desired to keep the Jesuit teaching, but
maybe “Christ Vicor” needed to make a phone call to the man
upstairs, what the Pope wanted, was not what the French was
doing or what God wanted.20
Pope Clement XIV was the spiritual leader of the
Catholic Church from 1769-1774, also King Louis XV died the
same year. The successor of Pope Clement XIV was Pope Pius VI;
he was the leader of the Roman Catholic Church from seventeen
hundred and seventy five- seventeen hundred ninety-nine. Pope
Pius VI was against the French Revolution, he seemed to be
pro-Jesuit. Pope Pius VI made his clergy salaried officials
because of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. He refused to
take the oath. The French church split during the French
20 Charles Bailey.The French Clergy and the Removal of Jesuits from Secondary School.1761-1762.Church History,Vol.48.No.3(Sep.,1979).pp.2005-319.Cambridge University Press.2009
29
Revolution. Napoleon Bonaparte took military action while Pope
Pius VI tried to make peace, rather then spearheading a drawn-
out Papal war. Pope Pius VI offered art and writing of
interest to make peace. Pope Pius VI had to live in Tuscany
and Florence. Napoleon Bonaparte had taken this elderly man as
his prisoner. Pope Pius VI later dies, because of his age and
health. He dies in the in French custody in the Citial of
Valence.21 The Popes efforts to support secular peace are fact
left out from public history. Religious leader should only
have say in religious matter and should not be diplomats in
the post modern world, according to public view opinion.22
Napoleon became emperor of France in a ceremony of
symbolism. Pope Pius VII was openly against this to take place
and therefore, he did not put the crown on Napoleons head.
Pope Pius VII simply blessed the replacement Crown of
Charlemagne and scepter and sat in his chair. No Pope was
harmed during this ceremony; Napoleon did not grab the crown,
as legend likes you to believe. Many of France’s relics and
21 J.N.D Kelly. Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford University Press, New York.1986.22 J.N.D Kelly. Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford University Press, New York.1986.
30
ceremonial items were destroyed or badly damaged during the
French Revolution, thus the creation of a new Crown of
Charlemagne. The Norte Dame church was not the first choice
for this ceremony, although the church it self almost
experienced the 18th century wrecking ball. The Coronation
of Napoleon was a people’s event. Religious clergy processions
and French public figures surrounded the day. Napoleon
Bonaparte, at one point of the ceremony, wore white robes and
was anointed in holy oils, by Pope Pius VII. Napoleon
Bonaparte changed several times during this five-hour day of
parades and coronation. In the end Pius VII was Pope during
eighteen hundred - eighteen hundred and twenty-three. He
outlasted Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in leadership duration,
as the Napoleonic Empire ended in second decade of the 19th
century.23
The blending of secular society and religious society can
coexist if certain fundamental truths remain understood by
both, historically as what really happened, with respect to
23 Iris.Napoleon’s Coronation as Emperor of the French.http://www.georgianindex.net/Napoleon/coronation/coronation.html.2009.
31
both points of view during the Age of Reason and the
Napoleonic Era. Secular history and Religious history should
not bear false witness against each other without resources
and documentation to back it up. If religious people were
meant to separate themselves from the secular endeavors then
why is it said in church to go forth into the world and spread
the good news?
There where many failures to French Catholicism. As human
beings can only take so much. The straw the broke the camels
back is unclear. Clearly textbooks had minimal respect for the
upper level clergy, who lived more like nobles rather than a
poor carpenter from Nazareth, at least according to the
secular history written in textbooks. It a shame there is need
for the multiple historic views, but that is why, in part,
this is the modern age, we are now considered enlightened.
“When the Holy Rosary is said well, it gives Jesus and Mary
more glory and is more meritorious that and other prayer.”
Saint Louis de Montfort24
24 TFP Student Action.Quotes of Our Lady,Popes,and Saints.http://www.tfpstudentaction.org/get-involved/campus-rosary-
32
Bibliography
1. Barthel Manfred. The Jesuits History and Legend of the
Society of Jesus. William Morrow and Company, Inc, New York
1984.
34
In reading thru the book, I stumble on Jesuit history
that had a direct effect on the land holding of the French,
thus affecting the history of French Catholism. Manfred
Barthel may or may not be Catholic, but I would think that he
would know Father Lavalette was no private English citizen; he
still was a priest regardless of where he lived and did.
2. Bailey, Charles. The French Clergy and the Removal of
Jesuits from Secondary School.1761-1762.Church History,
Vol.48.No.3 (Sep., 1979).pp.2005-319.Cambridge University
Press.2009.
The reason why this Journal was used because when
I printed it out I was amazed on how detailed it was. The
article included every interaction in the court to keep the
Jesuits in schools and explained allow the higher clergy like
this change on some level, they really did little or nothing
to help. The article also mentioned how the Jesuits still
lived on college ground in most cases and perhaps still
influences the students. The Jesuits took books from the
colleges claiming they where personnel property. Actual Key
35
had to be passed to the new teacher and the new teacher still
saw the old teacher on church grounds. So this Journal has a
permanent URL as http://www.jstor.org/stable/3163985.
3. Han Qi.The Role of the French Jesuits in Chinia and the
Academie Royale Des Sciences in the Development of the
Seventeeth .and Eighteenth-Century European Science. Institute
for the History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of
Sciences,Beijing.2009
This paper did not go into the 18th century enough,
but it was interesting that the Jesuits nickname was “The
Kings Mathematicians”.
4. Jason, The French Third
Estate,http://www.smfc.k12.ca.us/stage/lalosh2/francepg1.html
This online website made the point that lawyers and
teachers were peasants. I guess you save your money and move
within the estate. It a wonder the French Revolution did not
cause a major migration to other countries.
36
5. Jones P.M., The Peasantry in the French Revolution,
Cambridge University Press.2009
Church tithing was explained in the pages of this
book.
6. Jones,Terry. Blessed William Joseph
Chaminade.http://saints.sqpn.com/saintw15.htm.2009.
Blessed William Joseph Chaminade is mentioned a lot
but no clear biography was seen, but this website.
7. Owen Connelly.The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era.
Harcourt College Publishers.2000.
Owen Connelly text gives a good overview of the
French revolution and the Napolinic Wars.
8. Kelly, J.N.D. Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford
University Press. New York.1986.
37
This is excellent book all the Popes are written
about and when you’re on the web it was getting hard keeping
the Clements and Piuses together. A book makes more since.
8.Kidspast. The Third Estate,http://www.kidspast.com/world-
history/0374-third-estate.php.2009.
This web article closely agrees with Owen
Connelly.The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era. Harcourt
College Publishers.2000, that 97 percent of the population was
part of third estate. This web article says peasant were
tithing 10 percent in all, some going to the king and the
church.
9. Iris.Napoleon’s .Coronation as Emperor of the
French.http://www.georgianindex.net/Napoleon/coronation/corona
tion.html.2009.
Pictures of the coronation and detail about why
planning was big deal to Napoleon Bonaparte. It was
interesting coin where made for this event also. Also Much
like Barack Obama has plates and coins with his face on them.
38
Stuff probably was sold to celebrate the event, much like the
plates and coin are sold today and all over the world. What I
would have liked to write more about is the swords jewelry and
all the art and the artist surrounding the coronation of
Napoleon Bonaparte.
Endnotes
Bailey .pp 305-319
Connelly pg .35-42
Han Qi pg .489-492
P.M Jones. pg. 17
Oxford Dictionary of Popes.pg301/302
The Jesuits. pg.207-208-209
39
Queen
Victoria's Christmas gift
During the Second Boer War from 1899-1902, the Queen of
England who was Queen Victoria. She prepared gifts for the
40
British Armed Forces for one Christmas during this war. The
gift was a chocolate tin, filled with CadBury Chocolates. The
tins were made in a big size and a little size. The tins had a
golden colored rim and were red and blue. The lid had on it
Queen Victoria’s head and her insignia and a message that said
“I wish you a Happy New Year”. The tin was signed Victoria.
The tin was later used to carry personnel artifacts, which
were personnel to the British troops. Some tins were so
special that some chocolates were uneaten. The makers of the
chocolate were “Barclay and Fry” and also Barringer, Wallis
and Manners and Rowntree and Hudson Scott. The Queen spent
3587.50 in British pounds this is 6,500 in American money. The
time and money was well spent since the British won the war.
Huxtins/London .Queen Victoria's Boer War Christmas gift
tins complete set
c1900.http://www.huxtins.com/tins/h2303_tin.shtml.2008.
Just War ( Pigs in a Blanket)
41
Saint Augustine a doctor of the Roman Catholism derived
“Just War Theory”. He wrote City of God, while being the
Bishop of Hippo, Hippo was under a real world bombardment of
projectiles at the time. War is topic in the——
Catechism of the Catholic Church:
(2304/1909/1807 pg 555)Respect for and development of human
life requires peace. Peace is not merely the absence of war,
and it is not limited to maintaining a balance of power
between adversaries. Peace can be attained on earth without
safe guarding the good persons, free communication among men,
respect for the dignity of persons and people, and the
peoples, and the assiduous practice of fraternity. Peace is
‘Tranquility of order” Peace is the work of justice and the
effect of charity. (98)
The essential of Saint Augustine can be explained how in
1960 to 1975 sexual revolution was trying to end the war in
Vietnam, the theory is the sexual energy the same energy used
for sexual acts can go off into the world and be a beautiful
expression to cover up the hate of war and create order.
42
Clearly Saint Augustine never spent time with Veterans of post
traumatic stress disorder. More people survive war then the
age of Saint Augustine, does this not raise the realistic cost
of war, thus making “Just War” more costly.
Catechism of the Catholic Church:
(2243/2307/2308 pg556)In the passage titled “Avoiding
War says the fifth commandment is against the mass destruction
and explains war as bondage. Government and its people need to
avoid war. War is ok if war is entered to rid the world of
absolute evil, to rid a permanent dictator and have the
populist have a better life. Saint Augustine never imagined
Nuclear winter. The military tactics used by armies such as
the Atom bomb and Weapons of Mass destructions, where not in
Saint Augustine land.
In conclusion “Just War” is no longer plausible many can
die, due to weapons of mass destruction. The costs of taking
care of veterans for decades are much too costly. War becomes
a thing of vengeance, no country like to lose and think they
wasted their greatest treasure human life.
43
Many Authors. Catechism of the Catholic Church .Libreria
Editrice Vaaticana.1992
The Classic Three Little Pig Story has been modernized to have
the pigs being thrown off their land by the wolf instead of
eaten. The Wolf wanted to build condo. This story was found on
an internet site that was called: www. humorhubcom, not able
to find
An old story isn’t as big of a problem as the age old battle,
of the big guys and the little guys. The world view of the
characters in The Modern Day Three Little Pigs could be seen
in many ways, one way is a simple life of harmony with nature
is the best and right way to be, in the pig’s world. The
villain, who was a wolf with big guns and dental picks in his
mouth, was really a capitalist dog. The little pigs in the end
where just as bad as the wolf in the story, do to their
socially economic issues; they had to construct their shack
out of discarded courtroom materials in a manner that would
surely fail every safety code inspections. While reading the
story there was not a real proof of land ownership, the pig
44
clearly just homesteaded and developed were they please. If a
public archives existed, a deed or mortgage would probably not
be awarded by the wolf either.
One thing the wolf should have done was to make his
condominiums happen was he should’ve asked pigs if they needed
a job. This would show a heart of gold by not blowing their
house in. The pigs could have helped the community by building
a big school or cleaning the pools. The pigs could be given
homes, kept clean for the common good of the community these
pigs could have been the spiritual leaders of the utopian
society promoting good in prosperity where ever they went more
diplomacy such as treaties should’ve been done between these
two animal species they should’ve been able to coexist.
The Wolf could have become vegetarians, like in the Disney
movie Pixar’s “Finding Nemo”, this was illustrated when the
great white shark named Bruce, spearheaded a support group.
Other humanitarian efforts such as food drives could have made
the world a better place.
In history more diplomacy was needed just as in the Civil War,
in the United States. The Americans should fight pollution not
45
each other. The Beatles were a 1960s rock ‘n roll group, many
made opinions, rather then listening to what the Beatles had
to say, like give peace a chance. Politician need to give
peace a chance, it is not the American dream, to do anything
different.
Can we not place on a global scale the pigs story, are we not
all minutes away from becoming homeless by big brother. The
divine creator with certain care has given all the ability to
pursue happiness; war should make us sick, this stage in the
game. “Just war” did apply to the pigs, the pigs bad breath
was a form of a bombardment. Like American and other countries
have before the pigs took up arms in hopes to get rid of their
attacker.
Other stories, like the “Lord Of The Ring Series” , had the
one Ring to rule them all, should we, are we not has gentle as
a hobbits, we must control our urges to use the ring, if we
fail, we will lose our souls. Failings at trying, busting a
gut to end a war, with a simply spell like the one Ring, one
great missile, will could take over and rule West Bank of our
time.
46
The pig story shows a community that joins together so they
can get any common enemy out we can defend ourselves. The pigs
did a great job forming a brigade, one thing for sure they
only mean business. The pigs know how, will only work against
the simple bad Wolf oppressor. The final climax of the story
is the wolf died; the story said it was due to diet the wolf
could have been also due to the search of greed, and his love
of money. The wolf manifest destiny was unclear. A community
of pigs was not the United Nations. Why was an Army not sent
to help the Wolf?
The pigs were still childlike in their ways, the one thing the
wolf must of felt was shame before he died, beaten by pigs.
The author of this essay probably thought the Wolf should have
been out hunting caribou. The author tries to illustrate how
power changes us, the story is example of violence and it is
an inability to never solve anything. Just like the old
Beatles song “Give Peace a Chance”. Gentleness is hopefully
the wave of the future.
The War of 1812 was a Just War
47
The War of 1812 was a just war because the British where
capturing our citizen and pressing them into service for the
queen while our citizen where at sea. The Royal Navy took
6,000 American Citizens were made to work for the British. The
British did not recognize the current United States passport
of the era. The Second Revolution was also started because the
Mother Country was supplying the Native Americans with
weapons. One such battle known has the bombardment of Lewes,
De, property was damaged and animals where killed. United
States citizen have a right to defend themselves .In the War
of 1812 the United States capital was burned and many relics
where destroyed. The British where in the business of
conquering nations, an army had to be tip top shape to fight
the British, past presidents let the United States
Navy dilapidated The criteria for a Just War Theory are a
nation has a right to defend its self from oppression from
another. British saw taking Americans, as really pushing their
own people in to service. The British feared that the United
States would expand it boarders into Canada. The number of
48
causes of the War of 1812 were to numerous to list .One such
cause was the disagreement of trade. A non violent resolve
could not be reached despite efforts done by President Thomas
Jefferson. Although threw talks, The Nonimmportation Act
helped and later the revised version The Embargo Act of 1807,
these acts lead to short term solutions. The hope threw
diplomacy the two nations can live in peace and do not attack
each other on an eye for eye standpoint forever.
In Saint Augustaine of Hippo, who was the Bishop of Hippo
lived in a city was attacked by a bombardment. Saint
Augustaine is famous for writing the “City of God”. War is
only just supposedly when a country has equal fire power and
weaponry to attack back. The 20th century ended just war
theory with the invention of the atomic bomb. In world
religions it is against peoples religions to fight a global
example is Jainism, this religion requires his or her
believers to broom where they walk so the earth is returned
better then it was found. The Amish, originally from Holland
are against war. Their are many American religion that are on
the fence or are Conscientious objector, like the Seventh
49
Day Adventist church, if deciding a Just war is the people of
thee United States decision also are the voices of the people
living in Amish country or Native American reservations be
counted, With a “Yeah or Nay”.
Sergeant York originally was a Conscientious objector, but
later decided in certain instances war was ok. World War I,
mustard gas was the weapon of mass destruction and the Calvary
was still on a horse not a Sherman Tank or later M1A1 Abrams.
Although Sergeant York won the Medal of Honor, he killed about
30 Germans and captured over 100 Germans.
Drooping the Atom Bomb during World War II is as wrong a
legalized abortion The ten comments include killing is a
violation of Gods law, are we not saying in the Global War
Against Terrorism there are no clear battle line. With this
being true then right to life, liberty and pursuit of
happiness applies to the baby or to be less shocking fetus
growing inside women, being carried around by pregnant women.
This came apparent to me when thinking about terrorists and
Muslims. Muslims numerous things in common with Christianity
and perhaps there is nothing more peaceful to do for the
50
Global War on Terrorism is to end abortions. Since all Muslims
are against Abortions. But it is often said and illustrated
the Global War Against Terrorism is Against people who joined
the Terrorist Club, people like war, but it might be like the
Mafia once your in there is no way out but in a body bag. A
longstanding belief throughout the Christian nation, all the
way up to the early 20th century, is Abortion was murder, to
me murdering is war if it is done by more then one person.
Just War Theory can not be applied to the Iraq War, World War
I and II where the last just wars. Iraq and Afghanistan has
had numerous ethics violations that are just to numerous, but
for example dogs ears are often cut, because the people of
Iraq think the dogs look meaner it is done on purpose.
Children are boiled in hot water for punishment. Just War
Theory needs to be revamped and not based on thoughts from
centuries past.
Perry, John, Sergeant York.Thomas Nelson (October 12, 2010),
Kindle Edition.
51
John R.Elting, Amateurs, To Arms! A Military History of The
War of 1812, DA CAPO PRESS, 1995
Freedom from the State, Not the lack
of Religion and Faith
“Almighty God, Who has been given us this land for our
heritage; We humbly beseech Thee that we may always prove
ourselves a people mindful of Thy favor and glad to do Thy
will. Bless our Land with honorable ministry, sound learning,
and pure manners. Save us from violence, discord, and
confusion, from pride and arrogance, and from every evil way.
Defend our liberties, and fashion into one united people the
multitude brought hither out of many kindred and tongues.
Endow with Thy spirit of wisdom those to whom in Thy Name we
entrust the authority of government that there may be justice
and peace among the nations of the earth. In time of
52
prosperity fill our hearts with thankfulness, and in the day
of trouble, suffer not our trust in Thee to fail; all of which
we ask through Jesus Christ our Lord, Amen.”
Thomas Jefferson: A National Prayer for Peace March 4, 1805
The separation of church and state has been a legal monster
and has been misunderstood from the dawn of American politics.
The purpose of the separation of church and state means the
United States has no established religion. The reason
establishing a religion is not good is it would cause a
dangerous place for people of other religions, since the Bill
of Rights would still included a freedom of religion
amendments. Large churches like the Roman Catholic Church or
the Greek Orthodox churches would have control over places
like New York, and have great political power, perhaps a type
of fascism. Currently Paganism is the largest growing religion
in the world; historically Pagans never had believers in Jesus
53
Christ Hunts. It’s important to remember that a student may
where religious objects and sing religious songs and say” May
God/Goddess bless you”.
From the start of the primordial atom, man has put religion
against politics. Religion had Jesus Christ crucified, thru
politics. The state should make no law which imposes a
religion on the masses, it is a good idea. Would the Civil War
went different if the South where Catholic and the North where
protestant. Humankind can never separate religion from
politics, but should the effort be done at all.
The separation of church and state misunderstanding is that it
applies to a large department. If Delaware passes a Bill the
all Catholics need to pay $50.00 dollars service tax on any
dealings with the Motor Vehicle Department, would this imposed
tax mean that Delaware has made an established religion. The
bill should be called “Fund the Reformation Tax”. The bill
54
gives a discount to all other religious faiths. Atheist and
non establishment religion pays a service tax of $65.00
dollars. If this mock bill were around it clearly does not
protect the citizens on matters of faith and religion.
Earth-based religions need not be thrown of by the wording of
Church and State. A May pole, celebration can take place, as
long as the proper permits from the states where done, a
Catholic Mass could take place outdoors also. Religion is not
required to be hidden, faith has freedom.
A congress member from Texas named Ron Paul has noticed the
reduction of Nativity scenes and even Handel’s Messiah around
Christmas. The Merry Christmas has been replaced with Happy
Holidays in public uttering and decorations simply because of
“Separation of Church and State”. In December 2003 a Chicago
firefighter was made to take Christmas decorations. Rep. Ron
Paul, MD sees a war on religion, does the everyman. Michael
55
Newdow a doctor and a lawyer who took a case before the 9th
Circuit of appeals in 2002, he won the case to have “Under
God” removed from the Pledge of Allegiances, temporality .His
case stopped the loyalty oath from being said in western
states because of a legal hold . This case was revisited by a
higher court. Newdow later argued the case which was known as
Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, in the Supreme
Court, on 14 June 2004. Elk Grove Unified School District v.
Newdow was dismissed by the Supreme Court; he had no legal
case to sue for his daughter since he had no legal custody. In
2005 Michael Newdow went to challenge the legal use of “In God
in Trust”. In 2007 this case because it was motto, which did
not infringe and anyone rights, he lost.
The introduction of “Separation of Church and State” was an
effort to make the United States free from any war on
education, politics and community. The poor education in
United States has made understanding of the American structure
of the United States doctrine difficult for any average Joe or
56
Joann to understand. Separation of Church and State is
important, but the protections to the individual and the
masses must be understood. It is not a piece of politics that
protects people from religion and faith, but it does protect
from corrupt religious and faith based practices.
Bibliography
1. Ben Rast ,Separation of Church and State? Don’t Blame
Thomas Jefferson., Contender Ministries, March 26,2003.
http://www.contenderministries.org/artticles/separationmythPF.
php
2. Rep. Ron Paul, MD, The War on
Religion,LewRockwell.com,http://www.lewrockwell.com/paul/paul1
48.html
57
3. Soylent Communications ,Michael Newdow,
http://www.nndb.com/people/981/000049834/,2008
4. California Catholic Daily, If at first you don’t succeed…,
http://www.calcatholic.com/news/newsArticlePrintable.aspx?
id=3c1b1af5-bd9a-48da-bdd2-8e02ef65565c,2007
58
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