i
Dr. R.SUNDHARARAMAN, M.Com., B.Ed., Ph.D., Reader, Research Faculty of Commerce, National College, Tiruchirappali – 620 001.
Date:
The thesis entitled “MANAGEMENT BY SPIRITUALITY
(MBS) – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT” is a
record of research work done by the candidate
K.VENKATARAMANAN, Part time Research Scholar,
Director, Share Your Care, Bhaktivedanta Hospital, Shrishti
Complex, Sector-1, Mira Road(E), Thane District, Pin.: 401 107,
part time research scholar during the period of study at the
Department of Commerce, National College, Tiruchirappali –1, and
the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any
degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or other titles to the
candidate.
The thesis represents independent work on the part of the
candidate.
HEAD OF THE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
PRINCIPAL
CERTIFICATE
ii
K.VENKATARAMANAN Part Time Research Scholar, Director, Share Your Care, Bhaktivedanta Hospital, Mira Road, Mumbai-401107
Date:
I do hereby declare that this thesis has been originally carried
out by me at the P.G. & Research Department of Commerce, National
College, Tiruchirappali - 620 001, under the guidance and supervision of
Dr.R.SUNDHARARAMAN, M.Com., B.Ed., Ph.D., Reader in Commerce,
National College, Tiruchirappali-1 and this work has not been submitted
anywhere for any degree.
Research Scholar
(K.VENKATARAMANAN)
DECLARATION
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense joy to express my whole hearted thanks to
many, for their valuable help and support to me in completing this thesis.
First and foremost, I offer my obeisances to my Spiritual Master
H. H. RADHANATH SWAMI MAHARAJ, who inspired me to do this
project for the welfare of Managers all over the world. I am deeply
grateful to founder Acharya of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivadanta Swami
Prabhupada, who’s books and lectures increased my conviction in
scriptures.
I register my heartfelt thanks to my Research Advisor
DR. R. SUNDHARARAMAN, M.Com., B.Ed.,Ph.D., Reader, P.G. &
Research Department of Commerce, National College, Tiruchirappali,
who ungrudgingly spared much of his precious time as guidance. His
thirst for questions, frank discussions, valuable suggestions and
encouragement throughout my research inspired me in great measure. But
for his painstaking efforts this thesis would not have been what it is.
I register my thanks to the doctoral committee members
Dr. S. RAJAGOPALAN, Principal (Retd.), Nehru Memorial College,
Puthanampatti and Dr. S. SEKAR, Head, Department of Commerce,
iv
Urumu Dhanalakshmi College, Tiruchirappali, for their thought provoking
ideas and valuable directions.
My sincere thanks to the management, Principal, Head of the
Department of Commerce and Staff members of National College,
Tiruchirappali, for placing at my disposal, the valuable library books and
for allowing me to enjoy the privileges as a part – time research scholar.
I am indebted to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappali, for
giving me an opportunity to do a part time research and for all their help.
I register my heartfelt thanks to Mr. H. A.Mafatlal, Chairman &
CEO of Arvind Mafatlal Group of Industries, for his personal guidance
and insights for the project.
I offer my thanks and gratitude to Bhaktivedanta Hospital
management and especially to Dr. Ajay. P. Sankhe, Director;
Dr. V. G. Shanbhag, Deputy Director & HOD Department of Spiritual
Care; Mr. Praveen Muley, Deputy Director HR & Admin, Dr. Ashok
Shetty , Medical Coordinator , Dr. Dhaval Dalal, Chief Physician and
Mr Manoj Nambiar for their valuable inputs and suggestion. Special
thanks to Mr. Rajesh Talwar, Ex. CEO of Bhaktivedanta Hospital for
guiding and inspiring me.
v
My sincere thanks to H.G. Shyamanand Prabhu, H.G.Govind
Prabhu, H.G.Radhagopinath Prabhu, H.G.Gaurang Prabhu,
H.G.Gaurgopal Prabhu and others from ISKCON Chowpatty for their
great insights and sharing their spiritual realization.
I heartfully thank Dr.Abhiram Kasbe, Dr. Santosh Choudhari,
Dr. Hari Doss, Prof. Jaiprakash, ICFAI, National College, Mr. Vinod
Saxena, Dr.Santosh Kumar, IHMR, Prof. Sheenu Jhawar for their
valuable guidance and inputs.
My special thanks and gratitude to Mr.S.G.P.Char, (unfortunately
left this world on 24th Aug, 2009) who guided and inspired me throughout
the project. His confinement to the wheel chair but unending enthusiasm
and sacrifice brought me on tracks to complete the project and I dedicate
this in memory of Mr.S.G.P.Char & my departed father. Special thanks to
Mrs.Veena Char and Loknath Char for their inputs.
I would be failing in my duty if I do not thank my parents, my in
laws, Mr.G.S.Mani, Shri Murali Bhatt, Ranganatha Swamy Temple,
Srirangam, friends, well wishers, Shri Sampath Chari and family, for
their constant encouragement, prayers and help.
vi
My heartfelt thanks to my wife Padma, M.Sc, B.Ed, PGDCA and
to my two sweet daughters Janani and Ranjani for their tolerance and
fullest cooperation all throughout the project.
I am also grateful to the Share Your Care team of Mr. Rajeev
Srivastava, Mr. Yogesh Chadha, Mr. Suresh Chari, Mr. Sameer
Brhamandkar and Mr. Amol Kulkarni for their help and cooperation.
I also thank Dr. Balasumbramanian, Lecturer, Government Arts
College, Thiruverumbur, and Mr. Anand, SKYSOFT, Tiruchirappalli for
their unstinted cooperation.
I thank all my god brothers and god sisters, who prayed for me at all
times. Last but not the least I offer my prayers to the all Merciful Lord for
the blessings and grace for the successful completion of this thesis work.
K. Venkataramanan
vii
CONTENTS
Chapter
No
Page
No
Certificate i
Declaration ii
Acknowledgement iii
List of tables xii
List of Figures xiv
Abbreviations xv
I INTRODUCTION 01
1.1. Introduction 01
1.2. Challenges of current day management 02
1.3. Importance of people in management 03
1.4. Definition and significance of key terms 05
1.4.1. Scriptures
1.4.2. Spirituality
1.4.3. Scriptures Induced Spirituality (SiS)
1.4.4. Management and Management By
Spirituality (MBS)
1.5. Relevance and applications of spirituality to scientific
management
12
1.5.1. Management Yesteryears
1.5.2. Scientific Management
1.5.3. Management Today
1.6 Statement of the problem 16
1.7. Objectives of the Research 21
1.8. Methods used 22
1.9. Limitations of the study 22
1.10 Chapterisation 23
viii
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 25
2.1 Review of literature 25
2.2. Studies relating to modern management thoughts 26
2.2.1. Excellence in management
2.3. Studies relating to spirituality and management 31
2.4. Studies relating to spirituality at work place 35
2.5. Studies relating to management thoughts from
Thirukural, Bhagavad Gita and other Scriptures
40
2.6. Related Researches 46
III PROJECT METHODOLOGY, PROFILE AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE DATA
49
3.1. Collection of data, Sample design, Methods and tools
of analysis
49
3.1.1. Sample design
3.1.2. Method of analysis and period of study
3.1.3. Tools of analysis
3.2. Profile and Characteristics of Respondents 56
IV ANALYSIS OF MBS CONCEPTS FROM
THIRUKURAL
76
4.1. Thirukural – An Overview 76
4.1.1. Ten Commandments
4.2. Analysis of Commandments derivations and key
findings
79
ix
V ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT MBS CONCEPTS
FROM BHAGAVAD GITA AND OTHER VEDIC
SCRIPTURES
105
5.1. Vedic Scriptures 105
5.2. Bhagavad Gita and Management 106
5.2.1. Chapter briefing and application of MBS
5.2.2. 5C’s from Bhagavad Gita
5.2.3. Right man for the right job
5.2.4. Persuasion
5.3. Management Lessons from Srimad Bhagavadam 130
5.4. Management Lessons from other Vedic Scriptures 146
5.4.1. Relationship building
5.4.2. Control of senses
5.4.3. Duties
5.4.4. Ten Commandments for management from
Indian scriptures
5.4.5. Concluding though from Rig Veda on
relationship management
VI ANALYSIS OF MBS CONCEPTS FROM THE RAMAYAN,
MAHABAHRAT AND HENRY FAYOL’S PRINCIPLES
153
6.1. MBS principles from Ramayan 153
6.1.1. The ideal heroes
6.1.2. Span of management
6.1.3. Vision
6.1.4. Walk the talk
6.1.5. Consistency
6.1.6. Leadership and communication : A scene from
Ramayan
6.1.7. Considerate
x
6.1.8. Compassionate decision: Scene from Ramayan
6.1.9. TQM: The scene from Ramayan
6.1.10. Holistic decision: Scene from Ramayan
6.1.11. Scene from Yudha Kanda and from Ravana’s
Court
6.2. MBS Principles from Mahabharata 166
6.2.1. Duty
6.2.2. Sharing to Success
6.2.3. Management by Sacrifice
6.2.4. Finer aspects of HR
6.2.5. Dealing with people
6.2.6. Counselors
6.2.7. Finance
6.2.8. Conduct
6.2.9. Yayathi syndrome
6.2.10. Leadership
6.2.11. Internalization before planning
6.2.12. Allies
6.2.13. Leadership
6.2.14. Team spirit
6.2.15. Individual Motives
6.1.16. Commitment
6.2.17. Right managers
6.3. Henry Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management Vs. Spiritual
Support System (SSS)
180
6.3.1. Division of labour
6.3.2. Formal authority / right
6.3.3. Discipline
6.3.4. Unity of command
6.3.5. Unity of direction
6.3.6. Subordination of individual interest to common
good
xi
6.3.7. Remuneration
6.3.8. Centralization
6.3.9. Hierarchy
6.3.10. Order
6.3.11. Equity
6.3.12. Stability of staff
6.3.13. Initiative
6.1.14. Esprit de corps
VII ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY DATA IN RELATION TO MBS 198
7.1. Analysis of Primary Data 198
7.2.1. Values, morals and ethics – bankruptcy
7.3. Role of Spirituality in Solving the Work Place Dilemma 227
VIII SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND
CONCLUSION
229
8.1. Need for MBS 229
8.2. Summary of Findings and Establishing the Missing Link 233
8.2.1. Findings of personal interviews with business
leaders, spiritual guides and youth
8.2.2. MBS insights from leaders
8.3. Suggestions 243
8.4. Future Enhancement 250
8.5. Conclusion 251
BIBLIOGRAPHY xvi
APPENDICES xxv
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
No.
Title Page
No.
3.1 Sex Ratio of respondents 51
3.2 Religious back ground of respondents 51
3.3 Educational background of respondents 58
3.4 Country of employment of respondents 59
3.5 Industry classification of respondents 60
3.6 Level of management 61
3.7 Frequency of management challenges 62
3.8 Organizational challenges without solutions 63
3.9 Level of self management by boss 64
3.10 Physical needs 65
3.11 Emotional needs 66
3.12 Intellectual needs 67
3.13 Response regarding Spiritual Needs 68
3.14 Quality of life rating 70
3.15 Enrichment of self by work 71
3.16 Value addition of work to life 72
3.17 Scriptures referred 74
3.18 Level of satisfaction after referring to scriptures 75
7.1.1 Association between frequency of management challenges and
Top Management
199
7.1.2 Association between quality of life rating and Top
Management
200
7.1.3 Association between levels of self management by boss and
organizational challenges with out solutions
202
7.1.4 Comparison of age by level of self management by bosses 203
xiii
7.1.5 Association between spiritual needs and reference scriptures
when confronted with managerial solutions
204
7.1.6 Association between quality of life rating and spiritual needs 206
7.1.7 Comparison of age by spiritual needs 207
7.1.8 Association between value addition of work to life and spiritual
needs
209
7.1.9 Association between enrichment of self by work and spiritual
needs
210
7.1.10 Association between effect of training and development on
desired internal transformation and spiritual needs
211
7.1.11 Comparison of age by effect on training and development on
desired internal transformation
212
7.1.12 Association between types of challenge- ethics and application
of MBS to organizations
214
7.1.13 Association between spiritual needs and management challenge
–managing one self
215
7.1.14 Association between reference to scriptures when confronted
with difficult management situations and recommend
application of MBS
216
7.1.15 Comparison of age by recommend application of MBS. 217
7.1.16 Association between MBS will Enrich staff and Recommend
Application of MBS
219
7.1.17 Association between level of satisfaction after referring to
scriptures and spiritual needs
220
7.1.18 What MBS means to managers 221
7.1.19 Recommend application of MBS 222
7.1.20 Indicators of MBS 223
7.1.21 MBS enrich the staff 224
xiv
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
No
Title Page
No
3.1. Bar Chart – Response regarding Spiritual needs 69
3.2 Pie-chart- Value addition of work to life 73
xv
ABBREVIATIONS
BG Bhagavad Gita
SB Srimad Bhavadam
NOI Nectar of Instruction
NOD Nectar of Devotion
SQ Spiritual Quotient
EQ Emotional Quotient
EI Emotional Intelligence
SBG Selection By Goals
MBS Management By Spirituality
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
SSS Spiritual Support System
DSS Decision Support System
MBO Management By Objectives
HBR Harvard Business Review
MBE Management By Exception
KURAL Thirukkural
SiS Scriptures Induced Spirituality
GE General Electric Company
Satyam Satyam Computers Ltd
CEO Chief Executive Officer
xvi
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xx
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xxi
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xxii
THESIS AND DISSERTATIONS
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Spur Today's Management, Institute of Public Enterprise,
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Leadership – A Pathway to Human Resource and Organisational
Excellence.
G. Lakshmi ,Sr. Faculty Member, ICFAI National College, Mysore,
Manage Stress with Spirituality and Enjoy Work Life.
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6833 Significance of Human Resources.
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philosophic Thought and their Significance for Present Day
Organisations, WISDOM, Banasthali Vidyapith.
Krishna Mital, IILM Institute for Higher Education -6826
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Nilanjan Sengupta, Mousumi Bhattacharya IFIM Business School,
xxiii
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Management Scholars, WISDOM,Banasthali Vidyapith.
Sandhya Mehta, Talent management for organizational excellence
Guru Nanak Institute of Management & Technology.
Shelly Mohanty, Ashok Panda, Koustuv Business School, - 6828
Ancient and Modern Management : Direction for future
management thought.
Values-Based Approach to Self Transformation and Organisational
Transformation, Ninth International Conference- Management of
Transformation, New Delhi, India, January 2008.
xxiv
PERSONAL INTERVIEWS AND DISCUSSIONS
Discussion with H.H. Radhanath Maharaj, ISKCON, Mumbai, in
Sept, 2005.
Interview with Dr Ajay Sankhe, Director Bhaktivedanta Hospital,
Mumbai, April, 2006.
Interview with Lion Ashok Mehta, President Lions International in
June, 2007.
Interview with Mr. C.V. Subramanian, President, JPS consultancy,
Dubai, September, 2005.
Interview with Mr. Hrishikesh Mafatlal , Chairman and CMD of
Arvind Mafatlal Group, Mumbai in April 2009.
Discussion with H.G.Murali Bhattar, Head Priest, Sri Ranganadha
Swami Temple, Srirangam, in December 2005.
Interview with Mr. Om Agarwal, Chairman, Caps and Containers,
Mumbai in January , 2007.
Discussion with H.G. Radha Gopinath Prabhu, H.G. Govind Prabhu
Presidents, ISKCON, Chowpatty, Mumbai in December 2005.
Interview with Mr. S.G.P. Char, Coordinator, Share Your Care,
Mumbai, January , 2007.
Interview with Mr. Raghu Ragavendra Rao, Secretary to Indian
Cricketer, Mr. Sunil Gavaskar, Mumbai, February, 2007.
Interview with Dr. Jugal Sahah, Leading Ophthalmologist, Mumbai,
March 2007.
xxv
QUESTIONNAIRE-Management By Spirituality(MBS) (Please appropriate response) Personal data Name: Age (in years) Sex: M/F Religion : Hindu/Christian/Muslim/Sikhs/others Education Graduate/P.G/Professional/Medical/others Employment Data Employment: Service/Self employed(Professional)/Business Organization: Country: (Employed) Industry: IT/Service/Govt/NGO/Manufacturing/ Banking/Education Others Position/Designation : Overall Experience: (in years) Organizational Environment
1. How long have been associated with the current organization? < 2 years 2 to 5 years 5 years and above
2. Which level of management do you belong to?
Jr. Management Middle Management Sr.Management Board Member/Top management
3. How often you face management challenges?
Rarely Often Very Often More often Most often
xxvi
4. What kind of challenges you face now?
Finance Other resources Human Relations Ethics/Values Work Culture
5. Do you feel that your organization face such challenges which have been lingering on over time, without proper solutions?
Yes / NO 6. How do you feel that your management/boss manage themselves?
Unsatisfactory Less than Satisfactory Good Very Good Excellent
7. How does your organization take care of the following needs?
a. Physical needs : Unsatisfactory Less than Satisfactory Good Very Good Excellent b. Emotional needs Unsatisfactory Less than Satisfactory Good Very Good Excellent c. Intellectual needs Unsatisfactory Less than Satisfactory Good Very Good Excellent d. Spiritual needs Unsatisfactory Less than Satisfactory Good Very Good Excellent
8. How do you rate the quality of life in your organization over the years?
Deteriorating No change Good Very Good Excellent 9. Does your work give meaning/Value addition to your life? Negligible Low Average High Very High
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10. Has your work contributed to enrichment of your self/soul? Negligible Low Average High Very High 11. Do you feel that the training and development and change
management has brought the desired internal transformation in you? Negligible Low Average High Very High 12. When you are confronted with difficult managerial situations, do
you refer to scriptures? Yes / NO 13. If Yes, Please specify? Bhagavad Gita----- Bible---- Koran----- Others----- 14. What is your level of satisfaction and enrichment after referring
the scriptures? Negligible Low Average High Very High 15. What does Management By Spirituality (MBS ) mean for you?
Chanting Meditation Yoga Music Discourses Prayers Group-Activities Spiritual tours Reading of Scriptures Service to the needy
16. Do you feel spirituality will help the organizations to better
performance, productivity and profits?
Negligible Low Average High Very High 17. Do you feel that Management Concepts from scriptures can be
applied to your organization? Yes / NO
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18. If Yes, have you/your organization ever applied such principles? Yes / NO 19. Given a proper frame work, do you recommend applications of
Management by spirituality in your work place?
Fully Disagree Disagree Partially agree Fully Agree
20. Do you think MBS will enrich the :
Staff Fully Disagree / Disagree / Partially agree / Fully Agree Suppliers Fully Disagree / Disagree / Partially agree / Fully Agree Agree Investors Fully Disagree / Disagree / Partially agree / Fully Agree Customers/ Fully Disagree / Disagree / Partially agree / Fully Agree Clients Other stake Fully Disagree / Disagree / Partially agree / Fully Agree
Holders
21. How would you measure the outcome of MBS in your organization, when applied?
Reduced Conflict High customer satisfaction Continuous Creativity Connectedness Interdependence Joy Healthy Life Style
22.In your opinion, what is the biggest management challenge of this millennium?
Ethics/Values Leadership Commitment Managing Oneself Information Challenges Work Culture
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