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Durham E-Theses
Some problems of economic geography in Northern
tripolitania: a study of agriculture and irrigation on the
Jefara plain
Hill, R. W.
How to cite:
Hill, R. W. (1960) Some problems of economic geography in Northern tripolitania: a study of agriculture
and irrigation on the Jefara plain, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-ThesesOnline: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8358/
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m
CHAPTER 3
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1U. O.i «H«port to the Government on ttbye on Agr i cu l t u r e* . So i l s , pp. 59-62. F .A .0 . Report, m* 2 1 . Rome, 1952.
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17* Oaddini, L . i ' So i l s s n a i l a i ch in lcs del t e r r e n i d e l l s L ib ia o j o i d e n t a l e ^ ^ A g r l e n l t u r a Colonia ls , Firenae, Ro. 3,
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23* Regny, P. Vinassa de.t •Terreni o>c - v i t a • eo l tura de l l e
ed a n a l i a i cbimiche de l t e r r e n i Fat te d a l l ' a n t o r e durar.to l a ana permanence i n L i b i a ' . Henuele i i o e p l i , i4.Iano, 1913, v o l . 1 , p . 2lU.
Russel l , S .J . i ' S o i l condit ions and plant g rowth ' .
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h. / s n t e l i * A*t *Le pioggie d e l l a L i b i a 1 , i dn i s t e ro d e l l * A f r i c a I t a l i a n s , feme, 1952. 529 V*
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10. aartonne, L . dei • Regions o f I n t e r i o r basin drainage*. Geographical aeviow, 1927, pp. 337-*>15«
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tears an ;eogf«pby of .-si te, A report t- . Co l suUl Seonorle Research tiotanittee* Dee. 195P July 1959-
15* Oppot iKlMr , l l . f t . t *Ulcaner drought and wster-belence or plants | rowlng tej^j^li B o i l 1 . Journal o f ^oology, vol« 39,
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I B . United Kingdom of Ubyat »Xhe u n n o t o o f X r i p o l i t e n i a 4 • Prepared by the i o teerologica l Service, i d n i e t r y o f do* uunicat lona.
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U c o r t i n l , Q.i »LUJedi i-^enln ~ Reccolta di notis ie u t i l i 1© studio dolls regolariaaaslone d e l l ' alvoo nei press! di Fondue Beer i f e ut i l issseione del le al luvion! InverTis!!*. id vista Goloniale. p. 565, 1919.
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5. 9m& sna Agriculture Organisation. r. •water B L . irrigation • surface vatere'* J?.A.O. Report to the Govern-sent of lib/a on Agriculture, 1952. pp. 156-165-
6* Lewis, i .u . i » f s t a l a s l Report, .ay I 6 t h , 1957.' CMet o f Agriculture and Natural Resourcee Progracaae of U .S .O.I , .
'Amenaget-eut de 1'Oadl i eg coin: Projct d'un ouvra^e de uerlvation tSidl G l l a n i ) . C.O.T .H .A. Grenoble, R . C . T . 139 T r i p o l i , Libya, July 19!fc.
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13. iUvis;* delle*loMio xtaUa*e« 'La dAge den* u©di e l a i r s ' . Hi*, d e l l e C e l . I t . too V no. 5 P P . HloJ+i7» Bona, 1930.
sin f l o o d s » . divis ion United States ueoratione
1^. stoma*, J * S . 'A study of Wsdl Megenln floods** Division :e end Water Hoaourc
i t s s ion t o T£.bya Ju ly ,
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16. Voids * A* dot '8o#e ©erects of surface water developisent In arid regions'. F . A . o . i eve3opsent Paper, no. 21. A M , 1952
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1. •» '''ater for the Korth African Csjapaign'. Military ^8iw«r, Vol. 38 Ro, 3*6. l&£ll<M pp. 1&OL62.
2. Addison, H. and ahotton. **w*i 'Water supply I n the *4ddle lest Ceapoigna» H I collecting galleries along the < e d i t err an ear coast of ifeypt end Cyrenaica •. Water and Water liagineerin?, Vol. 1*9 Ko. 606. Aug, l£*6 n. 1*27.
»» A . A . I •Undermeund voter ©sources - p. 27 «t i i n TThe te l e of electric power In the development of Ittere*. United nations. A/AC* 32/ TA,2/ Bev. 1. 1952.
U . .Amjto, A . J 'Conaidereaioni gec-idrolcglobo enlle sens oecldentale dalle Pianure t r i p o l i t a n a 1 . Bolletlno Geografico, Uff. Stud. Ho. I pp. 2>29. Trtpoll 1935.
5« Archanbault, J.t •guelquoc aspeets de Is aeclegie et de l'hydrogeol-
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7* Bigneoi. P*i 'Terra ed M S J U Tripolitania ed. i n Cirenelee'. Suova Antologia, t . XLV1I pp. 522*53^. Bono, 1912.
6. flecoard, a* ae.t «U poeso erteeleno d i JSuaro'. £©11. Goc. Geografiee, Ho. 7 pp. Bows, 191fc.
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iiaaaegna Seononica Coloniale, p* 127. Roc«* 1932* U. CoderStrom, £>.J.i 'The Salt-water intrusion problem at the a i e e t t i -
~ u*k+am Resources Prina Orchard•. Agriculture and Water Be* Utofen Gov. Joint Services, Aug* 19%. 22
12. Coderstrom, i>.J.t •Terminal Report 31st July 1 Groundwater G* ' XCA/Wsshington
Beport 31st July 19J71. Chief of Geology Programme of U.S.o.i../yibya. *Q3T1 e jPO * ieesflP^^y e
13. Creao, C.i *Sullo laenifeetaaionl d i idrocorburi del posse erteaiano d i aidi <;©ari pr eeao T r i p o l i * . La idniere I t a l i a n a , A m x, :;©. 2. Seb. 1926 pp. VMO. Rosa, 1*52.
1*4. Cram, C.i • L , * ^ ^ S \ f f i ^ ^ i n ^ o l i t a n l a * .
15. Cre»at c*i .1 p ^ l ^ g ^ MM,. ^ ^ g ^ 1931.
16. i>eaio, A.i 'Verto la aeluslcn© del problea* toll* aequo profonde i c Libia*• Piviata Libia, Aim* I I lie. 7 PP» V?. M y , 193B*
17* i>*eio, A.» »Le aequo profonde della Libia e lore iaportansa per i'anriccltura'. L»Agricolture Colonial©, Anne
18. 4>«8lo, A.i * Sulla poaisione geolcgico a s a i l * origine dalle falde
artesian© de l l s . Gefera tripoUss e del
19. aerste, «. »L*a*y^p^la Ubia'. Kasloas WLlitmra, So. 7*8
20. Fantoll, A.i »La ooque eottoranee i n TrtpoHtania #. Banafni iconoaica della Colonic, »o. $-0. 1931*
21. tfLrouatt, h. and Wayward 1 'Irrigation u t t e r and saline and a l k a l i soila*. Water. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955? pp. 321-327. u.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 22. Qetta, L. delist 'Riefaerche guile aequo d i irrigations uella Tripe mania*. Agricoltura Ubiea, Anno X, Ho. 6-7.
- July ISfcl. 23. Lereon, F.J>«t •Snu of tour report - Sept. 19th 19?* to June 5th
1957*• Chief of Agriculture and Water Reaourcoes United Stotea Operations J&aeion. Libya. 2*. Leurenti, S.i *Le aequo artesiene to Li b i a 1 . Ann. Afr. I t .
Vol. i l l - I f pp. 919-9M). Bomf 1936. 25. Laurentl, G.t »Le aequo sotterenee i n Idbin*. ^eterle priae
d * I t a l i a a d e l l lapero, Vol. V pp» £1-90. 1939. 26. Lenia, H.ll.i 'Irrigated Land-pae and I r r i g a t i o n Report*. L.A.
T.A.s. (Piint h). Libya. 27. iongano, O.i *l poaai arteslani dalle regions d i T r i p o l i * . L*Agrl-
WD A»JO # ^ colturo colonials, Anno V Ho. 6. pp. 2\(-3ki. .irenee 1912.
2f,. i a r r o n i , U.i »?he u t i l i s a t i o n oi brackish water i n T r i p o l i t e n i t with particular reference to water of Artesian origin - i t s iaportance f o r the developsient of the country 1* Agricultural -conomy.• T r i p o l i , *ereh, 19*.
2Q fcwgini, A.i 'La aooperto d e l l * accrue profonda noils Tripolitenia ^ setteotrionale 7. iJoSreoare, So* 3, 1929 pp.H*-lW
the Interior Geologicsl Survey,
Siccols, and Cesini, V,i »Oooposirione cfcirics delle secjue J artesisn* orof onue nel sottcsuolo della Libia
cccidentalc- c lore utiliasefiione a eoopo d i a s l f s J i i azlone agraria *. Anna I I Africa, I t a l i a n s , Aeno 11, Ko. 3 pp. 2??-27f. Tripoli» 1£M>. 32. Oacngc, T. «I1 poaso artealane 61 Sidi r * e r i ' . Boll. d'Inrorms*
Eione, i-anistero Colonic Anno f i l l , items, 1920. « Pantanelli| B«t •Irrigation© eon ecoue solasatre i n Libia'.
Agriculture Colonial©, l*o. 9, p. 3K>. Arenas, 19^1. pureau L© Hoy, Pioger B., i .A.i * Water Rcocm'cos end I r r i g a t i o n s
^ ' pp. 150*206. fieport to the Go Vermont of l i b r a on Agriculture, F«A»0. Report Ho* 21. Rome, 1952-
* f- ^ M . e i ^ ^ * u -* 7. Hcbort H* Hay Oaoehysiea, Inc.* •Qoicnographic Survey - Concession J f 9 Tripolitonie. Water elotrtbution party S - 129'.
UJg^eale le$0,ooo). F. starleton, October 1956. Caaada fcfcu
«A Rowland, J.Wi and Bebb. K.L.i 'Anneacur© h - "Water Resource1, * Pp. 95-115. Awnd i n •survey of lond licaourcoa i n
Tripoiitania • B r i t i s h Adadnlatration, Deeertcent of Agriculture, 19*3*
V ) Sacoo, ' ^ a t l gecidrologiel aulla Tripolitanla•. B o l l . Soc. Geol. I t . Vol. 51, face. 2, pp. 297-310. Bona, 1932.
L n Solignac, J.UH.i *i3orae auggestions for en emercency water lav w - arising f r * a a v i s i t 3rd - 12th June 1957'.
?.A.o./#/7A911.
4 a Wl.Tbeeiee, H.fi.i 'UndererourKJ eoarees oX our water*. Waters 1955
i f * 63«77» Seerbeok o£ Agriculture. U. . ' . ^ t . A i r i culture. kffifBt
?ori» if2.«»K^.S*C.o*i W t t e e t i e * of Saline aeter'. i f 1956.
1+3.719.11, C.i »i&te on the italler) mil d r i l l i n g MMlWNBi1. tftatie-t i c s supplied by C. V i a l l , Hoilfif Snainear, Hell d r i l l i n g aectlon, leeerat of Agriculture. Provinc i a l Go veto—at of Tripoiitenia.
M*. Yiesseeart C,i UOQUC nel sot to sue lo t r i p o l i t o n o * . Trinctlfranl* A^ricolot toe IV, Bo. 1. T r i p o l i , 1929.
i*5, Vitali» G . I H i problaea del eollewuaeuto dell© aeque Irrle u c nalle Tripolitania settantrionale'. !•Agriculture Coloniale, ?irensc, 1930. Ho. 7 pp. 3WX-3A.
ife.aaccagBa, U. 'Sails missioce gee-i&roiesiea nolle soaa occidentele dalle Triw>litenio ,. B o l l . I n f o M e i o n l , ISaleterc colonic, Re. 10-11 pp. 631-616, 2om, 1915.
U7.ZoiMa, A. •Analisii chlmica e rieicc efciaica Call' aeoua terao-aolfidrioo d l Sidl ,;esri ( T r i p o l i ) . #• Ceeopaffdo, t f i p o l i , 193^- 23 p.
1. Corporation Happort Annual 1953-!*
* • 195&-55 • • 1955-56 • » 1956*97 T j ^ l l ^ ^ t t b r a ^ Tip, Cesmerciale 9* U i Barbiera 19**f
2 S o j r y f &«A.t *&taUstiea free application ior&s for el o i l used for tfftee, 1 QZZSQ ej m i
3. united Kingdon of Ubrai «Ainenaiaente of The 1952 Customs t a r i f f OffUUX Q»t4^te of the U.K. of Ubye, So. 16.
CHAPTER 8
H.i • I r r i g a t i o n , i t s principles and practice at a branch of engineering •. Constable & Co., Xondon,
Tri p o l i t a n i a , . Africa i>ord
2. Cortini, G.i Widreulics agricola i n T r i i n " I problcaa d e l l * aequo n e l i *rsncheae% T r i p o l i , 1938.
3. central Board of I r r i g a t i o n ! • I r r i g a t i o n i n India'. Central Board of J t r r i ^ j i t i o n , Popular series, Leaflet no. %$
V. i>ixey, F.i »A practical handbook of water supply'. Thomas ^ r b y & Co. Ltd., London, 1931.
5. Leonard s i l l Technical Groupi ' i-torld Crops - Water Supply and Ir r i g a t i o n ' • Vol. n , no. 6. June 1959.
6. Utoistry of Agriculture and iftehericai ' I r r i g a t i o n * . Bulletin Bo. 13C. H.il.a.O. London, 19^-.
7. olenaar, A.t 'Water l i f t i n g davicea for i r r i g a t i o n ' . tf.A.O. Agricultural development Paper no. 60. Pome, 1956.
S. uuekel, D«$«t «i\inping groundwater so as to avoid overdraft'. Water. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955, pp. 29+-3G1. U.S. Sept. of Agriculture.
9. Phelan, J.?, and Griddle, w.D.i 'Surface i r r i g a t i o n t **ster. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955, pp. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
10. Poiree, ... and O i l i e r , Ch.i ' I r r i g a t i o n ' . isditlona SyrolXes, Paria, 1957. 291 p.
11. Prins, u .0. end Kegretti. £.1 'Poeeibilita econoaiche d e l l ' irr^guo^in^T^p^iitanla'. Agricoltura Coloniale,
12. guackenbush, T .a. and Shockley, *.G.i "Use of sprinklers for i r r i g a t i o n • • Water, Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955, pp. 267-273-
13. Bohwer, C i 'Welle *nd •Weils and putps for irrigated lands 1. Wster, Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955* pp. 2f 5-29**.
Xt*. WlUieaa, 'SiMnUti Coneideratloca for I r r i g a t i o n Development'. ^.A.O./51/6/713. Hone, ay f 1951.
15. ybod, I.i>.i »Pua»ping for I r r i g a t i o n 1 , U»S, dept. of Agriculture S.c.s. - T.P. 69. Government Printing Office. iMMagton, .C* ' s^o.
CKAPXliH 9
1. Ahmad, A.A.i 'The role of * lac t r i e power i n the aeonoxie A/AC.32/J.U2/aev«l. ?eb* 19^2. "United nations.
2. Bologna, l>»M.i *fr#liainary enquiry on the cost of water U f t t c s for i z r i e a t t ^ p a r a c j a a . with tiifferent systeas*. F * M t Libya. T r i p o l i , inarch 1956.
3. Levis, R..:.: 'Irrigat i o n *>evelop^ent fro& October 7th 19$* -..ay 1st Y/JV• *?ound in bis Terminal Import, i^y 18th 1957, 3t8t0.it. Libya.
b. iolenaar, A. 'Goat of l i f t i n g water*. &om& i n 'vaster Liftii devisee for Irrigation, S*A*0» Agricultural i>evelo] &ent ftaper 3c. 6u pp.^-68. 3oe*, 1956.
5* ? r i n z i , £>#0. and SegreUl, I f f 'flossisilita eeonowicbe d e l l * irriguo Tripoli taiiia 1* Acrici-ltura Coloniale, 193*+ pp«30*4»)5j.
6. Rowland, J.W, and iiobb, S.L.i 'Water costs - Ssjicdule A & B*. pp#110-ll5» Sanrey of Land : L i i n Tripolit-ania, B.1..A. T r i p o l i , 19^5*
m
CHAPTER 10
1. Broe, A.i 'Ore fording In Trlpolitsnia • Tfe*» olive tree Pp. 32-W. Spring, 19*.
2. c i l l i a , B» d«i 'Alcuna considersslonl Intorno a l r otoci d i niantaglone d e l l ' ©live nal peesi caldc a r l d l ' . Ki vista dalle Tripolitenia, no. 1-2 pp. 116-119, 192V.
3. coabrement. H.i 'Quelques Inpressiona sur l»oie*iculture LybyaaM9
Ingenleur dea flameti Agricoles da Tunisia. Feosio, E.o.i *Passsto, presents e future d e l l * eHvlcoltura i n Tripolitania'. Agrieoltura Coloniale, Firense, no. 6 pp. 201-20U,.
5. Far rare, A.i »L*indu s t r i a olesrla i n Tripolitsnia'. L ' o i i v i -eoltura anno IX no. k • April 193* •
6. Far rare, A.i •L'olivieclture e I ' o l e i f i c i o i n Ubia e nelle isole italiene d e l l * i.goo1. A t t i del Ccnvegno Eesionale d i Ollviceltura, 193*- Vol. I I , 193?: pA6e.
7. Leone, a.t •L'elivieoltera i n Tunisia e i n T r i p o l i t a n i e 1 . Agricoltura Coloniale, Firenae, 19S*K no. 11-12 p» 370*
£• Luea, V. det 'L'olei culture en Tripolitaine'. de la Federation Internationale d'ulel Aug. 1937.
9. luea, V. dei 'Qusndo la Libia Sara t u t t o un o i l r a t e 1 . Riviate Libia, 1937 pp. lH-ie.
10. :«rronl, U.i 'The olive tree i n Tripolitenia - the problem of variety'. T r i p o l i , *«rch - 19*.
11. . a r t i n , H. *< aladies et inasetes nuialbles de 1'oliviera en Ubye #. F.A. u. Bulletin, Libys.
12* * o r t i n t H.i • hytosanitary observation i n Cyrcnaica'* Olive, pp. 7-9. F.A.O. Bulletin, T r i p o l i , Htf 19*. 13- Rascovich, 'The improvement of Libyan produced olive
o i l i n the Tripolitanian Qebel1. 1st August 19*. F.A.O. Libya.
Ik, Rssoovich, S.» . i 'United Nations Conference on olive o i l convened i n Geneva $td Oetober'. 1st Kovember 1955. F.A.O. Libya.
IS Baacovich, 'Import of Olive o i l * , lad February 1956. F.A.O. Libya.
16. Iloacovlch, S«H*§ * Pro a poet of the ellve o i l market 1, l**th June, 1956. i?.A.G. Libya.
17. Haecovieh , 1*11*1 'Report to the Government of Ubya on Agriculture! marketing•. olives pp. 25*30* Report no. f 83, Base, February 195P*
i c .
no. 2, p. MK - T r i p o l i . 19. Boapietti, A.i •Brevi note eulla o l i v i c o l t u r a l i b i c a 1 .
i f Agricoltura Tropical© e sub-tropicale. H 1951t no. 1-2 pp. t*7-6l, no. *M-6 pp. 200*211.
20. :ov!nna, . .. gftl 4iobb, lafel T j i i l l l i ' i MMil if I fPl Seaourcea i n Tripolitenia pp. 117*126. B.* .A. 19np.
21. Siniaealehi, A.i »La nuova oliviooltura dolls Tripolitanie*. Bi vista Olivicoltura, Boca, 19^9, VP* 10-16.
22. T r i p o l i ! d i r e c t approach to Tripolitenian agjSeultural end export problems - Conference of l>r* C a t i t t i on olive e i j . csEports*. Bolletino i ensile della Camera d i Coaasereio, Industrie e Agriecltura, no. 39 Htfoh M i PP» 3M6.
93* United Uingdo© of Libya1 'A note on olive cultivation and production etc. 1. Prepared by the Statistics Office, Haaarat of Agriculture, Sidl Bam. £ee. 1955*
2l*. Vi venae, A.i 'L'olivlcoltura i n T r l poll tenia • • L'Qlivicolture, lio&a, I929 no. 1>1V.
25. Vivo11, Q.s 'L'oliviccltura i« T r i p o l i t a n i a 1 . Coloniale, 1931 P. 606.
c /. T ' n
1* Cerrsrc, U. aim - a r t l n , I»f 'ifesjaesttas of deficiency i n Tripolitsnisfl Citrus trass** F.A*n« 5.39ion i n Libya* Jan. 1956.
2* Cospuant i u t t . i 'She cultivation ox Citrus'. rods (Wer 1. The atsagensnt of Citrus londc (World Crops, VOX. 11,
2. Ixri«stiflr.*imt:" drainers. (Vforld Crop? Vbl. 11, no. 6 *-*une 1959 pp.21/*219/*
3. Corse. i 'Una riccheaea dalle ttbia g l i agruui 1. l i r i s t s t i b i a , SfjB $p*l6~X7*
^. P«n«i, B.e.s »Ajs>r«r ndorle e e l t r e f r o t t a nolle California e nolle *ripoliyeaia'. .?'i?«ase, 1916.
, a*t 'L'agrunicolture i n I t a l i c a Xibia'. . anuele Koepli, Ulano, 191**.
6* tee, a»» 'Citrus bruits'. tfaceillan Ooapany, Sew Aork, 1957-7. Leone, G. 'L'trancio sanguine d i T r i p o l i ' . :-grioo4.tura
Co"?rininl<*^ Flrenze*. "'917- p*3ML. e- fcarttaj H. and Carraro , C i «%d?ooyenic fn&ippttens i n
"jya. 9. .eurtin, eoceinlflie degli agruiai i u ttHiu'. - i g g i
T r i p o l i , 19511 United fistlona. 10. tfond*% r.s 'Orange leaf transpiration under orchard
conditions'• Agricultural Research Station, Hehowt, Jewish Arancy .Tor Palestine, iaulletin 37, Sept. 19&5.
11- Cms to , d.~.s 'Una ricchesaa delis Ubia g l i sgruui'. Autsrehia - Hivista ensile, 19*2 no. 7-8 pp.2W25.
12. Parrini, U.i ' X a ^ l g g g ^ ^
I t !
13. Baaeovich, K«fe«t • i a l be
-• a 1 1 * 3 ;
i a l COLDCK?it.leg - Citrus * r u l t to tho Qovanasont of Libya on
?tir*f, Report Ho* SB3.
3*4* Trigone, G.t 'Iajpianto d o l l *t«H»3«nto nolla Libia ooeidentale*» Agrieolture J4M«av 19**Q. p p . l l W l l f i s T r i p o l i *
15. Tri^ona, Q*i 'Question! egrunioole t r i p o l i n o " * Arricoltura Libica, no. k~$f pp-133-162.
16. Trigone* G#t *V %aM Acoltura in Tritx?litsnio'. Agrieoltura Colonials, 19»*2, pp. 1A~ 13*1- and 1#2-166, Firense.
1?. United Kingdom of Libya* 'Technical Hules for the export of Citrus fro?: tripo-litania*. A&Diniatratlen of Trlpnlitanio.
18. Wvoli, O.f »aii aranei d i T r i p o l i ' . Rtvist* UM*j 1939 no* 8 pp*19-22*
I t Arangino, L.i •L'inplQiito del vigr;Gtc i n T r i p o l i tenia•. B e l l . Uff. Sere. Agrer. dell© Tripolitenis 19$*. no. 1 p*8.
2. Aranglno, L.i *Ie raceotta delle jsanderle a la loro eonaervasion© Bo.» H. Uff. Central© per 1 Serriai Agr. della Libia, r>p.l99-20U. T r i p o l i , 1936-
3. Arangino, L.i «L© ure da tarola i n T r i p o l i t a n i o 1 . Agr. Ubiea, T r i p o l i , 1939 no. 12, pp.562-670.
5. Cairano, V.di.t 'Vita e v l t i c o l j u r o i n T r i p o l i t a n i a 1 . B o l l . Off. iejrvizi Agrari Tripolitania, 1935, P«8<
6. Cairano, V.di.i «L»ii3pianto del vigneto i n prerinela d i T r i p o l i * . Agrioolture Ubica, no. 2, T r i p o l i 19**0, pp.66-6E.
7. Carace, B. »La r i t l c o l t u r a i n T r i p o l i t a n i o 1 . L*01treBare% 1933 p.M*l,
£• C i l l i a B» dei tSaggi© d i feciaigrafia Ubica. Studi sopra alcuno razze d i paloe da datte r i coltivate i n Tripolitanla'. B o l l . I n f . Mia. Col. Bona, 1923 no. 6, p. 733«
lb i*>veon, V—.W.i •Beport to tne Cbrtrni:ent of Libya on date t
10. Fenai, S.O.t 'Agrumi senderle e al t r e f r u t t a nella California e nolle Tripolitania«. Agrleoltura Colonial©,
pn. 105-113• 11. fajajgajj, A.t «Le ©oltivsaion© del carrubo nella Libia*.
eedetta Agricole, Siena, 1913 no. 5-12. Banniaei, A.i *:© coltivaslone del f i c o nella L i b i a 1 . Sedetto
Agricola, Siena, 1913 «>• 5*
Agriculture, *©rch 1956 pp.31-32.
4vJ
Ik. urneto, 'La v.tlcoltura i n Ubia'. i i i v i s t a ianaile, Autarch!a Ho. >4 191*2, pp. 16-17*
15- Ragah, V.i »la vitioolturo In Tripolitania'. GioraaAe Vinicolo Italian©, 1927, no. 32 pp«3£o-»381.
16. Kageh, V.i >vini e uw in TripoUtania?. Giomale Vinicolo itoliano, 1929 no* 35f3kt33 pp«392,«*02,i*l5.
17. Vitala, C.dii *U coltura del <anoerlc in t r i p o l i t a n l a 1 . Boll, del H. Uff. Uentrale per i Sereiai Agreri oella Libia. Anno V, December 1936, IV no. 12. Alao in Agricolfcura Celonlale, Firenae 1937 pn.**l-$£
IB. Wtilloud, H.i 'Heport on viticulture i n Ubya'. i*.A.c./tfi/10/ 2505. 26.8.51. Scare.
4T0
CHAPTUB 13
U A*sdniatration oX Tripolitaniai •Compulaory standards Tor the 0ctobor°f19^bl# p e • n u t , s , * a * p o r t 8*«ndard, no* 2*
2* dairan, V, dls 'DiffondiaKo In coltura d e l l 1 arachlde'. Agricolfcura Llblee • Tr i p o l i , 1937* no* 3<-*+ p. 56. dot Ustruzioni pratlehe per l a cottlverten< nocoiQle americana o araehide nei giardln'.
3. d i l l l a , l i . dot '-struzioni pratlche per l a cottlffttdona ciella nocclula ar erieana o araehide nel giardln' Tipolltografia del Ooverno, Tripoli, 1917.
h. C i l l i a , I * de.t 'Sulla colUvaslon© de l l * arachide i n della Colon!e, tea, 1917,
5- j^uL^nt, fi*i »aoll aUtaiaHeri due to croundnut cultivation In Donegal*. Types or Sural Bconomy, pp. UWL18, •othuen, London, 1957*
6. Martin, H.t •malattio ad in s e t t i noclvi all'arachide i n Libia*. Bulletin *.A.O. Mission i n Libra. Tripoli, Lecenber i95o.
7. Oram, P .A.i 't&gh Quality groundnuts for direct consumption1
X and XX. Maria Crops, April and i*y 1957-8. Oram, P.A.i 'laportansa della piantagione f i t t a nella
coltivasione delle arachldi' . P*aW>« .ission, Libya. 9. Oram, P.A.I 'Recent developments in Groundnut production nith
special reference to Africa'. Parts I and XI. •Weld Crop Abstracts" vol. 11 no. 1. pp. 1-C.
vol* 11 no. 2. pp. 75»$*. pa. Hurley, Berkshire? by the Commonwealth Bureau of pastures and
ley, Berks*' 10. OraL, P.A.i 'Bisultati dalle recent! ticereho sulla coltivasione
delle aroohidi i n L i b i a 9 . F.A.Q* Mission, Libya. 11. iiascovloh, i-.l - . i 'Bdible Peanuts'. *ound i n F.A.o. Report
*©• m^Mjmn to Q.o.L. on Agricultural iorJteting. .toce, 195C, pr . 15*17 aiid pi 07.
12. United kingdom of ttbyai •Groundnuts Bxported'. monthly Bulletin of Agricultural s t a t i sties, Baearat of Agriculture, S t a t i s t i c s Division, Administration of Tripolitenia.
HI 13. Vivo11, 0.1 'L'erschide nella terre irriguc della Tripolitenia•
Agriooltura Ubica 1937 no* 1*2, pp. 3-11. Ik. Wbltt, end van Bevel, C.H.n.i 'irrigation 0 1 tobacco,
:xnuts and soybeans'. Water, Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955 PP. 37^9. United states
15. WIlULott, s.G^..eao^
16. Wood, A.t 'Tha^roundnut a f f a i r ' . Bodley Heed, London, 1950.
17* world Crops1 'international Beport on Groundnuts - 195&*»
April 195f *«arch 1959
peanuta a \ -»<a4 . epartasn
atl
CHAPTlsii Xh
1* G r a i f f , U.L*t 'Contribute c l lm esroaleoltur^ T i b i c * 1 * Agr ico l tu ra i-luice> vanuary 1^-1, Armo X no* 1 pp.1-31*
2* i l u r v i t £ f 8»t 'The ceroel I D tne crop r o t a t i o n * . Ktav ia , Xarael, vo l* * j no* 3 pp.$»2k, 1935.
3* u*ry, **A*» '^araal uarvact 19 ?o'• s t a t i s t i c s w i n c e , ^sssra of Agr i cu l t u r e . A d d r i s t r a t i of f r i p o l i t o n i a , July 19i?6. >>o* . LAO/1.
**» Qr#a f ?•*•) , 3 u t f e r i & o a t i a l O o l t i i r a t o r i d i ©area11 f* F*A«6« Muslim9 Mbya«
5. Bob©, K*L« and Rowland, J#w*s 'Axmexurs 6 - Ceraal, f r u i t mxx ofcker i^rops' aeraal* pp»129~3i» survey o f msA Jieacurces in Tripe U t s n l a * T r i p o l i , i p i ,
6. V i v o U , U«i *ta coi t ivaaiona i r r i s u a t l o l grano i n 1* L»Af»rieoltura Goloniala, no* 10, f><rt» I ^ireaae*
7* Vivo l i , 1*1 M i l l i r T t i h j a t a f a t t f f M a a l l ' spaa* d i easnina n a l l a «Al t l¥*«ion# dal f f t s e i n T r i p o l i t a n l a * * 3©li* <i«l H* J i i l o i o per i a a rv i s i a g r a r i , Mtgslo, 19$*, T r i p o l i .
8. V I v o l t , 8#i *1 earaa l i n a i l * A f r i c a sa t ten t r iona la i t s l i a n a ' . uo del -iantro Jpari&snliala a g r » r i o o
Zoctacrsicr ; > n ~ L i b i a , tee T12T - %osto 1939 no* S.
y . V i v o i i , i a l ' P r i n c i p a l ! aspafeti a aroblaui de l l a sranocolturs nai l s T r i u o l i t a n i c sa t t an t r io t i a l s 1 * Agrlcol tura * 4 U o t , 19^1 ?» >• 27*7-313 •
-*73
X. motit «LB oolUvnsjione del tobacco i n T r i p o l i t s n i a * . t ivnsione ae? totmcco m T r i p e U t a n i n I * Daf. *Un. ool* HOBS, 1915. p . i6£.
Centrale per i S e r i a l Agvart d e l l * L i b i a , p.232. T r i p o l i , 1936.
3» Bavly, H . and Bar-Brosta, ' l araa l ' s vendor crop - the 1 \wrssol or I ormolu', World Uropa, v o l . 11, no. April, 193$.
V. Csirtfio, V. 01.» 'La ooitivaslona doll* erbe, aoiioa nel la Libia ocejLdcntale1 • Agricoltura Libiea , no. 9 pp. 3^9"?^ * T r i p o l i , 1936.
Contlno. 1*1 P a r i a n c 1 Mel tabecchi*.- Hi? , dell*/ Col* I t . I93fc, no. k pp.31^323-
6. Cort ln i , G,t »I1 contribute dal le OR a? nallo r»rodusioni dal le p r i n i c i u . « La T r i p o l i t a r d a Agr i co l a . 1929, no* 7 p.129. T r i p o l i , 1 f
7. mparUn<«ito di A^r icol tura d e l l * Tr ipo l i t sn la t 'ConaigU a l cc l t i fratcri dell?! patata i n MM a 1 . JEJoUottino no. 1. T r i p o l i , 1956«
8. Haddodc, J . L . i ' Irrigation o f angar-beets*. Water, Yearbook of Agricu l tu re 1955 ppAoWofi ^eet. o f Agricul ture*
9. La bo * 1 E.» *Lo afruttaaanto de l l a Vienna in Triif>ol.l tan ia 1 * rii v i s t a iiaaanEe a P r o f u i ^ - . i l a n o , 1935 no. *f, P P . l i e * 119.
10. La Tripolitania ^grlcolai 'Prat icne per l a MftftLvaslone d e l Salon for, Ln T r i p o l i tanin A.grico!aT p. 62,
1 1 . Laona, Q.» *V>ulla co l t ivas ion® deXX1 orb* uodiea n o i l * ooai de l l a i T i p o l i t a n i a 1 . Agr ico l tu rs Ocloniale , no. 10. PP»33°~336* ruMDMi 193k.
13. Lacmej 0 . . 'Gulla t : . . ' d c o l t u r a in Tripol i tania*. B o l l . Teen. d e l l 1 Xatltuto i ipor. per l a Coit laaa. del rabacchi flLooii??do toseloni" acofat i -aalerno, 1986. no. 3 ^p.131-1^2.
iarto 1929-
474
13* * e r t i n t u.t *l noaici e l e iDalatfcie dello patsta*. FU.O# Hsfdon tdbyis, r r i p o l i , January 1?56.
1*K .iar.j^hl-AXottimni, K, t 'Ecper i a t»t i eul la coltivsrlone del tabacch.1 l eg^ar i s i e U I n r r i r x a i t o n i a * . B o l l , Ii^ore. *Hn. d a l l e C o l . Hone, 1916. o©»» 7 - f -9»
1? . i%8«oecM. * Aloraanni, S .? »Lf> a o l t t a a l o n e d e l l 1 'rrba nodica b e l l 1 oaai t r i p o l i n a 1 . H* UfXiaio Agrario della T j l p o l i t o n i a . Tip, do! Oovemo t ~.ttruaion, no. * t
T r i p o l i , 1917 >
16. .latfEoechi-AleBaaaii. ' I a t r u s t e a i praticiie pay l a oolturc del nabaechi da atgarette l a Tr inoHtania f 2nd edition, a. Uff . Agrcrio della A r l p o i i t a n i a , Tr ipo l i 19 l£ .
1?* i'^EsoocM * AlmamX* •iJelia prcciuaiciu; u i eri>a uedica n o l i «grt: t r i p o l i n a i n rannarto, " Socale t?bbieo0ai di foraggAo*. Agriooltuya woixmiale, no. 9. pr.3S&»Jte. f l f W W i 10t9-
3S« n » g a n t t a i , .t •!* Senna'. B o i l * Beele M f . Central* dervlzi Agrar i delln ^ripolitattle, I 9 > p«133«
19* Ualdottli 'SrliaiEie colonial! l ibxcne' . -'.vale -aloniale, 193H« p*$0«
20. Haiarat o f Agr i cu l t u r e : 'Tobacco s t a t i s t i c s \ Vigor at aupplied by S t a t i s t i c t a c t i o n , 'ii'axerat o£ a j j i r i cu i tura , AiaM»i at r a t i o n of T r i p o l i t a n i a .
2 1 . QftRf K A * i 'Pasture and fodder crops i n r o t a t i o n a i n 'Mediterranean a g r i c u l t u r e ' . A g r i c u l t u r a l i^2lop«aant Ftp**! no* 97» J w T >>9 p.
22. P i c c i o l i , A . : u a n i f attu;\ ' = 'scab! d i T r i p o l i a coltlifaaleae del tabaeehl 1 . -uovs I t a l i a d . 'u i t*«i2are t vol . 11, 1933 pp.23&>9-lfc2J»,
23. P r in s i , D .a . j •Aapett l econor.icl de l l a pvedusicnc del tabeeehi i n ^ n o l l t en ia* . iiotis* 'boon. 1933 ao* 9*10 p. 5-S t t T l U Hf. aarv. Agr ic . 1933 S 125 Tripoli*
a»t- P r i n a l , a . d «ie eoltirastasia e l a w r e s i o n * d e l tobacco in Tripol i t an ia *. ilaaa* Kaon. C o l . p#9££. a&na» 1933*
25. ftriu«it J . G . I '^oaaibilita otxniaalehe d e l l * irtlgno i n Tr ipo l i tanl** 1 . mfi&m Coloiiiale 193 t
26. Rands, G.A.i?.i **otes on various tobacco plants - Peruetiso, tmmA* Burley, Salento'. Administration of Tripolitanio, State Tobeeco ionbpoly, T r i p o l i .
27. Hands, O.A.F.t 'Soport on Tobacco variety t r i a l s at Sidi o s r i . T r i p o l i , 19J?». adiainistrstien of
Tripol i tania , State tobacco Monopoly, T r i p o l i , l . l & r »57«
att i i esr i 1 * Personal Concainic 13th Oct. 19$E. State Tol
29* assoegnn .uconouica delle Uolonioi »Colt i tas ione di patate in
2t. Bands, G.A .* ' . i «Bssults of 1951 tobacco eacperinents at Sidi i i e a r i 1 . Personal Coct .uidcation. aJW/Iii . 13th Oct. 195C. State Tobacco .*>nopolir.
axes aeixe uoionioi 'uoitavssione 01 natato in Xrinolitenia *. Bess. Be* C o l . , p. U37. tea,
30. Rassesna Seononica delle Colonies *lo ooltivazione d o l tabacoo in Tr ipo l i ten ia• . Rasa. 2con. Co l . 1929 P,97? • .JOOO, 1929«
31. liassegna e;::..c ica delle Colonies *8otM M l l a celtura i rr igus uoi tabocciii in M p o U t a n l s *. R*ss« Been. Col . p.HC3. Hooo 19259.
32. Stanberry, v .0 .» 'Irrigation practices for the production of A l f a l f a ' . Water. Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955 P J U ^ O S W O .
33* i>tate Tobacco onopolyt "Tobacco cultivation in Tr ipo l i tenia -onopolyt 'Tobacco cultivation in xripolU laying figures 1925 to 193^*• P*rsonal Co* aanication, G*A*i?. tads, (Cultivation **neger) 15th llov* 195B.
3**» Trigone, G # t 'Le possibi l i ta del porodoro do prinizio e di
Tr ipo l i t en ia ' . S e l l , del Centre 3per. Agrario e Zooteonico del la U b i a , Anno XX no. 9-10.
35. Trigona, G. i 'Pr in lz ic ortlcolo e sgricoltura intensiva i n Tr ipo l i t en ia ' . Agricoltura Coloniale, no* 3^ pp. 205-20C, 2V6-251, 27^279. 1^2.
36. Vivo11, G . J *6ul preteso potorr© siruttante d e l l ' erba asdica nel torrenl i r r i g u l della -r ipo l i tan io ' . Ik>U. Q§f« Serv is i Agrari della Tr ipo l i tenia , pp.22-26, 1932-33*
37. V lvo l i , Q*i »Sul valore colturalo d e l l ' erba oecico in Trippl i tania• . Agricoltura i ib ica no. 9.
pp. &7»355f T r i p o l i , 1937.
36* Whi t t , M i and Van Bevel, gUIUifl ' I r r i g a t i o n or tobacco
Agr i cu l tu re , 1955 pp.376-9. S*a. *ept. of Agriculture,
4T7
CHAPTLK 16
I F»t *Cc£i un i ty Organisation for irrigotion in the uni tef l S ta tes ' . F .A.O. Development Paper no. 19,
T'* 2. Addison, H . i 'Lend, Water end Food*. London, 1955* 2*f£ p*
3. bologna, L. . . i 'Report to the Qewmaent o f Libya on Se t t l e ment planning*. tf.A.o. Report no. 732. toe, 1957.
k* Gary, D . D . I 'Recent a g r i c u l t u r a l developments i n Saudi Arabia ' • American Geographical Beviow, v o l . kl, pp.366-3^3
5. D a r y l i y o r d o , C . : ' I r r i g a t i o n i n South A f r i c a ' . Geographical Journal , v o l . 65, 1925 PP*3r* 2-3**9-
6* iJuaont, f U l 'Types o f ftwsl Seonomy e Studios i n World A g r i c u l t u r e ' , iiethuen a Go. L t d , London, 1957*
7. A'.A.O.i ' A g r i c u l t u r e i n the lieer East - Development and Outlook' F.A .O. Home, November 1953•
8. Gottanan, J . i 'The pioneer f r i n g e i n Palestine - settlement poss ib l l l t f t ea south and east o f the Holy Land', American Geographical Review. V o l . 271 1937-PP#550-565.
9, Granot, A . i 'The land systet i n Palestine - h i s to ry s t r u c t u r e 1 , Byre and 3nottiauoode f London 1952, 359 P.
10. Gregor, IMP* •The Southern C a l i f o r n i a water problem i n the Osnard a rea ' . Aaericon Geographical Keview, v o l . U2, 1952 pp. 16-36.
11. Hardy, 1*1 ' C u l t i v a t i o n o f a r i d zones* research end progrosa i n the Sear East*. World Crops, v o l . 5, no. 2, PP.33-35. 1953-
12. Ionides, h*Q9t 'The Water Hesource3 o f Tranajordan and t h e i r Development*• Government of Tranajordsn.
13* Jacks t O.V. and Whyte, B .O . i 'The rape o f the ear th - a world survey o f s o i l e ros ion ' • Fa bar and Faber L t d . , London, iay l#f9- 312 P*
l f t . Jonsen, A . C . i 'Key problems o f a g r i c u l t u r a l development i n the Hear Bas t ' , o n t h l y B u l l e t i n o f A g r i c u l t u r a l
i^oao&ies and s t a t i s t i c a. v o l * 3. no# 12, uec. 195 pp. 1-8. tf.A.O.
15. Keen, B .A. •Agriouituraij)avalo2>oont of the Uddle. l a s t ' . H .L .S .O* 19* 6.
16. LowderslUs, 'Across l i o r th A f r i c a w i t h a s o i l conservat ionist*. American fo res t s (Washington D.C.) July 1939f v . k% pp.^a-3^5-
17. loudeipuilk, W .C . i *Tho conquest o f land through seven thousand years*. A g r i c u l t u r a l Inior iaat icn B u l l e t i n Ho. 99. U .S . Kept, o f Agr i cu l tu re . M l Conservation Service, Washington, Aug. 1953*
I B . *edgs, P»* *Water aroblens i n the United States*. American lNgtaphlea3 Ravi aw, v o l . *t2, i s 5? pp. 3^6-366.
19. Bowers, W .L . i *3o i l sod land-use c a p a b i l i t i e s i n I raq* . American Geographical Heview, v o l . M., 19^
'•373-3PO. Serine, C*i 'aMBoni c Zi|f»|<pi«n% l a cr?el** Geographical
i f o u m s l , v o l . 117, 1951 PP.3^7-327.
21. s tebbing, S . P . i *The threat of the Sahara *. Journal of the Hsysl Af r i can Society, extra supplement, 2?th * ty 1937 P P « > 3 5 .
22. T w i t c h e l l , K . s . i 'Water resources o f Saudi Arabia*. American Geographical Heviev, v o l . 3k, 193**, ?p.36^-3^6.
23* W i l l a t t e , E.C.i *Some geographical f a c t o r s i n the Palestine Problea * • Geographical Journal „ W , v o l . 106, w>.lU6-179*
The United Kingdom o f Libya i s a federa t ion o f the three
states o f T r i p o l i t e n i a , Cyrenaiea and Jtasaan. &ach state i a
taovn as • 'Wilayet * i n Arable and has a Wall (covornor) who l a
the i i n f t ' s representat ive.
The s tate o f TripoUtaRAa I s sub-divided i n t o . uqeto ' -
i8JBB ((aaa fc((W(3l jj 8te S9?s3» c j Lxiis1J?8 #2. X* s»s c^0Ji^#©ci ijj^
i.azara o f the I n t e r i o r . Lach *ejqa{fa'8h i s d iv ided i n t o
i a i t a f a r r i f i y a h ( d i s t r i c t s ) widen I n t h e i r tu rn are sub-divided
i n t o sjeir iyah* I Government o f f i c e r , kno^n 3 9 a * « d i r t
sdisinisters each ^ d i r i y a h and he l a usually reaponaible f o r e number o f eabila ( t r i b e s ) rather than a given area. I t i e
d i f f i c u l t therefore to work out precise boundaries and those ahoun
I n the f ron t i sp i ece are a r b i t r a r y , p a r t i c u l a r l y so I n the **mo
uofara .
T r i p o l i t e n i a l a coapoeed o f T r i p o l i and Western Ifcov-inee,
Central Province end Sestem Province, and they i n t u r n are broken
do**a i n t o the f o l l o w i n g h u t a s a r r i f i y a h : -
l i l t ^ r r l f i y a h
T r i p o l i and Western Province T r i p o l i Ci ty Sue. e l Jlmse'a injii M M
cen t ra l Province aharianAieda Xefren Kalut
ntili Khona
Jieatem rpvince Co n t ' d ) Terhuna airte
B e d U l i d
The whole o f T r i p o l i end Western Province l i e s w i t h i n the
Jefera l a i n together w i t h only parte o l the other two provinces.
The f o l l o w i n g i s id i r iyah eve included i n T r i p o l i end western
Province end t h e i r l oca t i on on the adminis t ra t ive nap l a indica ted
by the nmaeera they eve g iven .
Seq e l Jiuoe'a 1) 2) Tsj iura
3) k) Akkare 5J 6) Auiad ftmrtn 7) H i M f C r
8) Kr-Regiat 9) E l Khetne
10) Eewia 21) B i r e l aiaiam MA uorcan 13) 7anear M l* ) 16) Sabrat?:
17) AJelet
16) MM0I
19) iior'cioliii 20)
There are three ieadiriyah on the JeXeVe Plain wtilch belong to
4 i l
the other two provinces*
iueata'an <u taaa r r i f ivah i ind l r lvah
cent ra l Province a s lo t ai) T i j i
i t ) Jeush
• l i t e m Province Khoms 23} Gear e l Khier
A l l t l the sedentary cu l t i va t ed land l i e s w i t h i n T r i p o l i end
western Province except tha t i n the extreme east round the
u r d i r i y a h o f Gear e l Kh ia r , which i s i n Eastern Province, since
the l a t t e r ares i s one o f predominantly dry c u l t i v a t i o n , s t a t i s
t i c s f o r i r r i g a t e d crops, given f o r T r i p o l i and Astern Province,
can be taken as those f o r the J of era as a whole, s t a t i s t i c s f o r
cry land crops, such as cereals and o l i v e s , present d i f f i c u l t i e s *
Barley f o r example i s grown on the Inner Jefara by a eebl la f i n
the Gfaerien n u t a a a r r i f i y a h , and f i g u r e s t o r the ores and produc
t i o n o f t h i s crop are included i n those f o r Central Province,
l i kewise , f i g u r e s f o r the number o f o l i v e t rees and t h e i r y i e lds
i n the Gear e l Kniar *4adirlyah are included i n those f o r Eastern
Province. Whenever s t a t i s t i c s end p w n t f e i f o r dry land crops,
based on T r i p o l i and western Province, ere quoted f o r the whole
» e f a r a , i t i s essent ial to renenber t h a t they are incomplete.
Recently the number o f ltjhse^a*ah has been increased from
three t o four? Khons, Tarhuna and Beni tflid . u t g s a r r i r l y a h being
Placet, together l l H i newly croaked -crthor: ; Province, w i t h the
au t a sa r r l i i yah o f Msura t a , Z l i t e n end S i r t e rswslnlng i n the
Bestem Province. What i s shown as Eastern Province i n the
f r o n t i s p i e c e i s i n f a c t now part o i Northern Province.
• 2.20*462 Ib t . 100 klloerorjs « 1 quintal * 1*968 cut. 1,000 Ifilograns • 10 Quintals • 1 cetrio ton (short ton) •
1,016 liiloeramo « 1 JStogUsh ton (long ton) • 2,2*40 lbs* 1 cubic Ra«»*a * wons.
.Jhoot oi;d broad beaM - I Bttfts - 1 • 1 go,
Olive oil loe u t r o s « loo liss.
3? • ! /" • « 2**4
p ias t res • v •» i c / *
171*2756 •S""1
1 cetro » 10*7639 sc.. feet « 1.196 s c . yards. iSlOOO SQ. aetros • 1 hectare (ha.) a 2.^71 sores. 100 hectares • 1 sq* Uloaetre - 2*>7*1 acres. ?S .2 ua. • l so* sa le » 6VD acres. 25T .2 ho. • l sq. m i s * mo aerei
ila * | sq. metres 2*5 Jecsvl • l j lab ia 3labia m l ha. • 2.?00 jodevl.
loTiiiEotroD a 1 csntlDotr© m 0*3$** §00 oentimetres • 1 ootrc • ¥.;.57 ;' 1,000 oetjeg^. l fcilonetro - 1,$31,61 yards.
o. 0*
H U2F1 1.0 0.032c 0.3937
3 % 1.0 12.0 2.Jfe 0.0833 ES
& o <£ a A ]
O O g H
£r & ^
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j J 4 i o o
!? CO o o w o o
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I SI
o *
f 1
II
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4 o o 4 o o 4
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o I f f t • • • » • • J» H O O H O O O
:
tut iafawnaflleii given in the following studies was collected either by v is i t ing f a n o or sending out cnootionnoiros. The c lass i f i cat ion used i s very generalised and the ferns included in this appendix should not be considered as necessarily typical of the c lass into which they have bean placed. The oaln value of the fork studies i s the fact that they give see* idea of cropping
art &• i
Two c i trus orciiards, and one ceasaercial fart crowing early veootobloe, groundnuts and olivoa.
Efceoc far&s vor| fa s i-o frot« it ho. to 1.0i$ se*) thej ere a l l I t a l i a n owned. Studios are Included for the following l o c a l i t i e s i Zewla ( 2 ) f E l 43ia, Oargorosh9 G u r j i , Col l ins Verde Uiadba e l Khadra). Taiiura and Gear Ban Oaahir.
Part C . i4wgfl».4 £iadana1 A l l the larger Sarm I n Tripolitonia are called liewlsa, whether
Libyan or I ta l ian* *he f araa Included in Part c are a l l Libyan owned and era over 10 ha. in aisej nany of than were original ly I t a l i a n Conoeasione. Fans studies are confined to Aje la t , Sabrate, &swla, Aaiz ia , Gaer Ban Qaahlr (7)«
fart x>.
aVJiuddaln (OUvetl) b. Asmara (Slanehi) c . Qhanloa (Corradini)
a . Iluddeic (Qliveti) b. ondufc Et-?ogar Hart E . pJMM
gaetlpji iaPr^Wito. .jrfafi. TI than 5 ha. In also, but In hove bean included. They
These are sna i l Libyan fame, ueually leas & th i s c laaaif icat ion f a n s up to 10 ho.
They are boat developed in the coastal oases ease, where there l a garden cultivation baaed on water extracted froci the f i r e t aquifer. Sanlyo are not numerous away fror, the coast, out Dore are a p p e a r ^ as Ubya-a begin to develop snail parts of the i*me Jafara . *he following loca l i t i e s are Included. Faahlua* T r i p o l i , Sup. lil Jluoaa ( 2 ) , Sueni Ban Men, and Garabull i .
The Trlpolitanlan hozera of Agriculture
arc h ha. in s i ze . Two ferae are studiod.
Under each hooding the farm studies are arranged according t o local i ty starting i n the vest and :ovi v onatwsrdse i f there i s
in order of decroooi ilzes i n the ease of the denogrephlc Hed . farms are arrana
w i t h the Invest, l o r set out so f o l l o w s i •
1. General h a'or; ation
2. winter irons
to the the
the holding, given I s
Crops with occasional notes on the Irr igat ion of gjftModnuts
k* Tree Crops, with occasional notes on the irrigation of c i trus
% Water antral? end i r r i g a t i o n
itature farm po l i cy
acres) ; aake the whole f a n
This i s s large fans of 8*6 he. (appro*, e^ 525 ha. are irr igable end i t i s hoped to
jable i n the near future. Crops ore generally grown for export, in the surxer of 1997 120 ha. of groundnuts wore grown and at the time of the v i s i t there were Bo he. of potatoes in the ground* the groundnut crop covers aljtaost 2% of the i rr igable land* Too to ta l areas for those two crops i s l ike ly to remain the same for the next few years.
to
. tobacco i s grown. 2he normal rotation practised i s potatoes, then peanuts and two years fallow.
4£lUi$oea, a l l the potatoes grown are the i * t c h ^ i n t i e f r e e the
»«*• Folder. *he far® ape i s DC as in crop grown, and poulixg^o^potatoco was In
GOT: LMTSMB" SSSSM eaj and a ataxia potato rotjovo
I t l o s (adedra Xoat £150,000 area wee a l i t
compete with tabors ttm 9 pricoo wore low. norly i n
cold aaal 10 ejp asJMfts o week or so l a t a i n iteren ^BfthJneWn L3» "CX So i s ssicSfc ® 3L largo Tons, other crops gro l o o t en potatoes. . i r r i g a t i o n Aluto o r the Aslene*. consider £ i t unwise t o i r r so vine p a r t i c u l a r l y i f there i s oorio oolefe U there l a no appreciable r a i n f a l l the f l about o week a f t e r sowing, ^he spr inkler place 1/2 • 3 A of an hour and 3G€ 03. l a _ C u l t i v a t i o n end « a w r i n g . . . . . 25 q t a . of seat
mechanically per hectare (both tior o pi \ seed). Xlelde are orotind 100 q t a , p
* ( iJ i t r !
tea i n early potatoes and there 957 the las t
prevlouc to this there tmc r« 0. Soto Of the t in early Deoeebei-and hoe food clean the leaden oarfcet).
e t^et^and ,oeTtc la end S i o i l y j m in Triioii-tonio *tetses a m e u a j ;t prices , since a i l iad nueii 0
? nood the >, the Donaccr ) potatoes at In the ground, irrigation l a
ei
md F e r t i l i s e r 11/32/16 plus 1 qt. o f Sulphate of s te ro l s
f*™f**fW' * were grown i n 1957A. Shore
a f t e r vobruary.
t l i t t l e ir t icular ly
gs^&Uto** rvo variet ies are crown, Valencia and Virginia iiunch. Good ejajOity largo nuts ore produced and th i s f ar s io the neat advanced as regards the harvesting, sorting and drying of the note. Largo concrete drying f loors have boon constructed. Whan this crop I s irrigated the sprinklers arc l e f t in place f o r one hour and koo «5 ore given to one hectare of orop land, at each i rr igat ion .
iJ^Vwa*. At the nosent there are 10t000 trees on the fore but » the next year or so th is f igure w i l l be lnc aaseo to 20.000* ^ to the tine of the v i s i t the treat have only received incidental i rr igat ion when interplanted crops (such as peanuts) have been watered* The o f f i c i a l policy i s now that a l l trooo should bo irrigated since th i s w i l l increase yields considerably, the use of water on the form i s therefore bound to increase. Although there has boo;. oor.e grafting the I t a l i a n i ' ^ t o i o l a
hQfQOQ
i t the aoaent there ere ten v e i l s v on everege 15-25 «3 /hr . froa the
» wucn ju.wm j*&0 aetres froa the ground surface. , too auch voter wee extracted and the water leve l In oi B i c o t t i , s veils. , which l i e between the I t e h e l l
decided to < -jd the i u l l a were seeled
Is now taken' f tw whet i s called the third aquifer which about $0 octree down* This i a appears l a ouch sore produe-M aenerally v e i l s are spaced at 600 metro intervals and 600 metre section haa metres of irr igat ion l ines
which need four taen to handle thetu Seae of toe wells ceo Clve 100 fc3/hr. but vhan they are used 40 a3 /hr. l a the ueuel aeacteEi 3 £ a » t taken free any one v a i l , in the dry season, no
i rr igat ion . Three aore ve i l s are to be sunk in o r a e r t o sake the whole fans irrigable* Irrigat ion i s < aefehed (Auat" ' ".or enulaaaafc l a used).
<s __ . n i t M I nil +»trw« »*vT f14 *4*.«4iTi*^f»*s
The underBroS?°pipSn wMc!^carryJwater to the"hydrate" of asbestos and are 2£> an* in disaster (10-12").
Hover « . . . The fart has i t s own power plant which was p oonths ago at a cost of CXtSaOOO, 'hare ore
oagiaos of 27 f h#p. esi s»dNat*ei
there i s ' a transformer that reduces th is high voltage to 11 _ " _ _ 1 fciSfBW
op^otou^ n 11 3* I ucse pm-pc 1
easts £L2 on
Lbutad by a high tension grid of 3»' there i s a transformer that reduces
3&0 volts . £eeh wel l has a 35 b . p . aabacrged e l ec tr i c puop which has e assdaua eapseity of IOO-150 o3. but i s usually operate* at 60 a3 . These poops novo a oaaoootric heed of 7<
cost X"or
6* ^tttnya jfofa poijpy. To produce high quality early vegetables for the "Xeiiuon Borfcets, particularly potatoes, asparagus and
total cost of 7f«oo a3. i s about £127. Oae eubic >*7 J
earrota. Groundnuts w i l l continue to be grown in large
quantities. The Jrentolo olive Is to be retains because I t
7* t&&&£* A'hls i s the only fate that i s caking a real attenpt to break into the Buronear. early vegetable nerket. I t oan only dlsoeflsl or fc'io l t c h e l ' Cetta Trading rt
I * i r ' ^ ^ i ^ lieotti Ian boa; farsjjn t h i a f t * ?f years. The t o t a l area of the fart i s 6oo ha. but 200 ha* ol this lias near the oat end i s rooky and vesta land* The other i*00 ha. are however a l l good. ±ho fare i s devoted
• of the letter. Hieotti tidnks that there i s no future lading oarfeeta in tha future* -ost oi the olives have dam and destroyed but a few have bean planted as wind
fiitoiS. Xfce eitrus orchards are divided into two partai the old part of taeture treea and the new part with recent plantings of trees (U years and under). The older groves are laid out uyotei-. Altogether there are 100 he* of citrus, $0 ha. mature and 50 ha. Imature. they are Bade up as follows. appro*. MJ.OOG oranges (aoro blood oranno nalnly;, 7, .c tonsorinea and i im Umm tm papofiadf > . Tho 1957/5^ crop wis sold on the tree for CL18.Q00 end tho total yield was probably Cfaoo qta. Wall kept trees w i l l give a yield of loo i>gs. and Bicottl thinks that his trees probaBly
j t Bitter rootstocks are always planted f i r s t and then a batter variety i s grafted on to this. Manures Hicotti believes i n anise! oanuro and to obtain this ha keeps 100 beast. Seen tree i s given 50 kgs. of organic ?e ovary 3 years, then the next year i t receives 3 legs. 1 kg. of Sulphate of aaaonio and 1 kg. of ish. In the third year eocii tree nay be give* of Tunny -Ish oanure.
3« the ature eroves. tho assrinLlor oyatoi. la not used i n these orchards since the treea are very crowded and the apra.v woula wash off ingectieidee. A aejaawe pattern le node round the prududnc treea (like tho JedulaJ and water i s led by channels into thcoosquares. I t i s Irrigation by gravity flow, ^he oitrus trooo are allowed to grow big and are only
4<39 therefore very crowded, b i n Sicily which has 0 Inadvisable in Libya.
b) iliflnm HlllW Soung treea are planted 3.5 metres apart with the rews 6 lastres apart. The trees are kept in bush mm MM Ndi ilsssueagsi we*- growth BN sllsvs HMJMJ] cultivation between row. The Ameriean system else at h ditches between the rove when the treee ere aeture. Using Mf§i MM MR ten irrigate I I day end in l t d * oreo labour-i d I6*ir piastres a cay (as against 25-30 i n the Tripoli area). Per the moment, however, the sprinkler ay star- i s being used to irrigate the young trooo. With this system the pipes are placed 5 &« apart end the nozzles are at ? a. intervals on the pipes, ho spraya operate at once
Lastres a., day (as against 25-30 Irrigate the young 5 m* apart and the e et 5 intervals on the pipes, ho sprays operate et once ving 2*5 l i t r e s a second. The pipes era l e f t i n place one > and therefore the eree covered by the ho sprays (appro*. 7 ss« w i l l reeeive 9 -3. "hie wori s out at approx.
ml Am* The a r t i f l c i e l rein i s e l l delivered et a lev ares sura of 10»IS metres* low pressure is preferred sine© i t docs not water the higher parts of the tree or bush and i t also costs less. on irrigation. In the winter i f there i s no rein s month tnen the trees hove to be irrigated. Zn the sums* tfeSM is c f j BfJ -'rocUGnc-7 0* wattf&ttl since the tree* la not so susceptible to GhibUs as s plant crop. I t i s thought that an irrigation every eight days i s desirable but i n practice en Irrigation every twelve days i s given.
^ .Tfetft S*S HI Sly SO f t * * SB Wmm&m NMfctt and ot tree needs no attention and after 10-12 years can bo cut, altogether there may be 5*6 harvests. Sheep can be grazed amongst trees. JffiJPtJtoroly gflfl jfffrglftjflfl* There ere nine wells on the farm
s acuifer can be found as l i t t l e ss 2 metres down, water levels are net used. When . it e h e l l dotta started 1 freei the f i r s t aeuifer nearby • saline conditions
This tendency seems new to have been cheeked since aitchell ^otts has started using a lower aquifer. *he capacity of the wells varies, e.g. h$ n3/hr., 25*2 3 /^., 36 i:.3/hr» and % 123Air, All the wells have electric pomps of 2.5 - 6 h.p«. and the water is taken round the farm by uudersround eonerete Dines to be fi n a l l y distributed by sprinklers or gravity flow into squared
5. lifitfig. The probler: of increasing salinity i n Bleotti's wells was studied by Cedorstroa, and the l a t t e r ^ report concluded
tuat I t was the result of cwtifaaoua overpajspinf *»* eeny years to nap©!* the needs ©X the oitruc S j ^ j ^ ^ ^ f ? * ? * * fiflOIUMtloil with tha a*r>t 4rvr» QI n*w W*£jL* DS* 'itCikQll vOttS* There ia^a reel danger of e salt-water Intrusion problem along
The fans **• fomorly owned by en by t ^ O s t w t g o l l y b ^ o & 5 3 a t a he M l i s 166 be. 0*65 acres),
M i pries of O89ooo. nearly e l l of voleb i s irvigeble *nd 125 ha. ore under citrus. Oexgeot divides the tea into twe hoivoo, old end new* the old far® was under eitrus durinr Italian ownership wbereao the now fens was under olive* end vine*, the eitrus neve remained as have largely been reaevod ami the vines have In order to nafce way for new elseeings of citrus* liey for the fare i s on* of jessing i t eoopieteli' eitrus nee possible, and potatoes and grooixLTUta w i l l only be
a l l the treeo" oooo M b k**$ boetare*.
Jejajtes*. Puteli Bintje 10-15 he* calnly sown In the sAddle of o*M>er% This orop i s heavily nenurea and also irrigated* 3.
About 33-35 be. ore grown eeeh rear aa a 1 *9$t the Vsleneia typo was the only variety ). tfip&UTu psfeferred to Tripoli 2 since i t rjonth less to &eture and i t oou:;ande 0 better price ^ted i^ngoon and Ccroany. fields of this Valencia t eve ao-3Q ots/hs. whereas the Sgyption gives 3<>-35
There arc 65»ooo trees on the fans covering 135 h a M leoens, 3*000 grapofruite, 3-3.000 tangerines end the 7 f eboot «*0t000t oranges* fhe varieties of each typo are Varied and give an export free Oetober—sprll • tangerine varieties ere Cleetentina and Oose&asf oranges are g f f * f i>*»At Valencia, Washington, oIJabria, feso (darfc blood)*
pertieularly under M I W M aondltienfl, ar© betteri they a: i )QV0 retlftilHfU u4'j - ::u and they oOiJUCnd o higher price MM H world aarkete* ftinwiii tlat erense has certain adventagee* t;ti© colt* one bcdiM that i t l i v e s 7G»S0 veara Basinet the
"he old pert the fere h a s ^ ^ o c citrus ttoia of which a trec3 elraady en lue to the
2»li • oro isature* -=nr~rtur in he took 09*9 the faro* The , at take-over i n I953t w « Voo qts. Co lev figure due to the 5ss S & s n ? ^ ^ g§5 & s & , S t R U ^ t f ?
Be 3£ 5 oven tife yenret
a y ]Rmm* E 3 ;
A ic not really satisfactory since ble -with the ieoiterreneeti r l f end s op the old port of the f era ore , and the period 9*10 <"
j f l l t I N HA fret* I t a l y . since tfc
a3. par HI ,'OVC
dtp** io olives eta* a few .sating was carried out* it 3 pears eld, vera ixapor-gramnea ere better than .xrieateo once every 10-12 resell
iltesm* Host i s sailed the new fen* was ocspty except ior olives aac a few vinea. The olives which vara of itallar. variety did not yield eery v e i l and ee s result Lost or the® have been taoved and planted along troefcs os wizxi~breeka. Grafting v i t a the Tunisian olive has been necessary mc now w i r e are et000 olive trees en the fart; and they cover I f ho. are used as wind grcefcs. The Taesrlx and
l a eollecteti end narketad.' There need'to be 35 ha. bat these vera eld end net profitable. They were
: " v- v ? i»« •* |MM| WBi p i m i w t s t o , ^indjgee^envW s very snail area and are only there
aieotrielty in censteted en the j eeet of^pr&oueinj} this power i s as that supplied by sscl bet i t allows Oargour t nosh greater independence, in the oeis shed there ere two diesel ffeneratore, one of ISO h»P« (east m.000) and the other of l$0 h.p. Qnlr one i s need at a tine one: i t w i l l proviso electricity for f of the fare. There ere also two saoller senerators of 70 h.P. each. There are 15 wells on the fan of which || hove been drilled by the presort wmv* "hero i s no evidenco that the water level t vhieh la ebout k$*9 metres down, lo drop- ins*
Wa Ka «6eee senple. Thin well i s i M p r*etros deep with the static voter level at hW metres* There i s e
eajanerslble pusp cX 15 tup* which usual!;- pu&ps on tho fans hat a storage task and well lie. 8 h Z . :.3. c o i i o c i t m j f U p a i d Oal tfcli t ateoi?h»M« By using this method and not directly fros* the well into the sprinklers, t ia roeintainod. BocL well la intended to i r i hewing two paepe i t can irrigate move i f nec< although each well operates independently, tt • ..'KyorJ sal fa** Kan elleaei ana asm ax oi »jr OMrcanoy arise, a l l irrigation ia by rain to a radius or 3 metres, and are 1< for groundnuts and citrus. There i s such i of watering to be done that irrigation la a and a l l day, i.e. continuously. EinMn fee* to giro illuednation at night so that work \ Qsrgour favours sprinkler Irrigation it,
es<
^h^wen"' two poops
1) Stnj 2)
tee 1-1* y hoi irnoua aitii'iiMHl : cut a l l nif c installed lot cease. • following
!V2
• . • >3rofm center ta nag at afnjfe Lent distribution of water. >y evaporation (no greater than fren canals) ant > loss i n tranait. for lieuid manure and insecticides. ;al outlay and less raaintononce. 1 just aa effectively on undulating £iflg. Continue expanding citrus and when a l l are in f u l l production cease to cultivate grouxMnuts end
7. LgfefiA- The boat exar ple of a large specialised citrus farm. I t w i l l take another five years before the *£ew err;' starta . : :,;:QU- i s toping to aei'j •efrrtnatial enwtltlaa of f r u i t in the United l&ngden and Weatero £urope. aa he used
1
Started In 192S this i s one Of the fofara Plain. In 739 ha. wane under 50 ha. icrgeat fares on th dry cultivation and only 70 ha. irrigated. Ilea fallow a l l the year, and there i s a triennial rotation. There i s 9$o ha. of intereulture of olivas, alronaa and vines.
•n
In the jeers 1956/7 «n£ 1997A dry sag N A t j wots f m : m also DQVjajtM >f N|
the v o n t t j i sees sown* 3* £tt£&r. Qxsm* 19% 1957
Trlsttli 2 (OrouiscliHitsj 20 ha* 50 he. 50 ha. lucerne (**erennioi crop) 10 flelontc Tobacco 5 5 5
01 warm* hQC B3. l a given per hectare at each
irrigation, so that i n 195* s tote! of e,*f00 123/ha. was applied
i t the cement there ere Boo orange treea on the f a r * S he. of land. A further half a hector© i s to be to citrus. The trees are irrigated 12 tines s year
Lth *>0G i.3/ha. per irrigation? total amount UfS0O m3/ho. ||ajajdA. There are 35.000 olxaonrf trees interplsntod with olives on 700 ha* of land. Sot a l l the trees are i n f u l l production, there ore hard and soft snelled varieties grown. i443Z2fl» There are 37fOOo i-rantoio trees laterplsnted with atonds over 7*+0 ha. There i s setae irrigation of olives but no grafting. *tte *Tantoio variety i s considered best i f there i s irrigation. lines* 20 he* end numbers mot declining. «&uajt£&f» Some have already been planted and i t i s hoped that there w i l l lie eore in the
5. Mater .-iUpi-, / »nd trrlgattfli- There are ten wells on the farm, a l l about 30 metres deep with the water about 11 netree below the surface. Capacities very froxi 30-90 rJ/hr., and there has
6* Wttrp ^pnj».ftll^gir- The farter intends to develop t«ore lend for IrrfgsUeS witl Ih sprinlrlers.
I l l If .0 irrigated.
7« dfi&ftft* This i s s t i l l largely a dry fana for only about % of the lane i s irrigated. 112 thi 1 lives ore rentoic snd i t
2.
3»
increasing re.
•f these w i l l be
the Of lrrlgeted. • triennial m\ culture.
this concession for© wes started i n 1936, end were in fact irrigated in 195*. 31 In.
always renamed dry and have never been 1 3. l i e fallow for pert of the yeer; there i s on and 61 he. of the ffeel l a under inter-
m iypo/y ano lyy/A aofn ary ana irrigsvei were crown and in aose years potatoes and broed beans
ere crown. Irrigated wheat yields are 20 aftf* •» opposed to 5 qt3/ho. for dry wheat, a&tatoes are usually grown for local consumption - varieties ere p e s t l e &nd Bintje*
1997 C roundntitifi tcripoXi 2 •Hpoli *> i lioeme (perenuiel) ; \s, BaRMMI i«iS50 flelento tobacco
1 he. 1 ha. 1 H*
a ha.
1 ha. 1 he. 1 ha.
2 he. 2 ha. 1 ha.
-lima* **00 oranges cover 1 ha. or land. They are irrigated i a t i i a o a year .with 300 *a3/he. at each irrigation? total 3toc6 nVht.
ISSflBAft* 100 mature soft shelled variety trees. P ha.t neaibejge flnm eeiili
, goo ranielan treeo cover 16 ha., a l l of thee are end none i s slanted with eloeods. There i s no i r r i g e -tlen or srefting. Tunisian varieties are tjUealvnfcs* *>o- c tr*Goa iiave baan nlantod but no futura nl anMnaa are aftfrl sofei
5* ialPPlg gftvV .img«tion» ?here are four wells on the fete, e l l about 30 netroe deep, the water-table BOS not dropped over the last few years and iwsalns static at about 26 metres below the sui'faea* wmk well has an electric pump et 6 h»j • with a capacity of ho n3/hr. Water cost 2 r.lilleeos par n3. irrigation i s by sprinklers.
4»a To lnsrsssa the noaiM of citrus trees and
the piece of olives, ae the neat Inportsnt tree crop, arm* up, ft.
> ^XiaatUija. This concession f a n wss stsrtsd i n 1935 snd nov has E ha. irrigated and 99 as. under dry cultivs tien. There i s no fallow lend bet there i s s triennial rotation- 90 he, ere interplanted with tree snd herbaceous crops*
2. yintsr crops. Both dry end irrigated wheat snd barley war© irewn i n 1956/7 and 1957/f. i r r i g a t e breed beans snd nra i ssai ware also grown i n the MM years* irrigated wheat has four tines the yield of dry wheat. Bint4a and i>l Hepoli varieties of potatoes are frown for local eenannptien*
3a &mwr drum- 19% 1957 if* Tripoli h wroundnute^ 2 ha. 8 ha. 3 he. Tripoli 2 i a 3 lucerne U^ereanial) 1 2 2 Balanto tobacco 1 1 sonse pees snd vegetables also grown.
. Nemslly 18 irrigations are given per Ufe*eycie, but £al95£ only 16 were needed* i f the aw .:. v-:- mm SJ irrigations fttf se given* a - n3. is (iven at each irrigation* Yields usually 20 qta. per ha.
It yjftUA* «o trees at the aoijent but tue farmer intends to plant crantes in the future and irrigate that with 6oo »3* per he. at each irrigation.
35 ha* with no anticipated f a l l i n onvjgg. 2,720 trees covering 55 be*, half of then are iamatare. 2 n e e t * a 4 #9 w^e. *t aeee^ -*i _d>-*S -iiat A M f#ee*tat^t'^Ctrt J< 'IM.4* a* |• 'iVi^w - hwa e*e/>\*- as e * ^ — • *r ** ,p *" *w * ^^gjj^^ —**— ##» ^ ~~ "v+-1*r*1 WF**J T» » *>** •** ••'P P» * Ffr. " mV **^^^
tfrontoio olivea need to be irrigated.
Qfei weU 35 &etree dog with POS ee&v the ourfM « l | IMMtra M W : 3/la?*^ the wefcer-level has dropped i n recentyear a. water i s rciaco
2 3 Mliiiemee per m> a l l the eight irrigator; 6. Future form PnUpy. 2e iaereese the number of citrus trees end eaftSd theTswrinklor irrigation network. ?. i&ft**. Beth wheat and barley are irrigated, end the Acreage i s emending. U i s near Tripoli .^x up.a ra i n f a l l over 300 i^m. but the farmer s t i l l thinks that tfrsntoio o l l v Ives need irrigating.
This farm wee started i n 1935* ^ght end the other ten are dry end Inter-aaenteci with sMvst end vines. ON** is no motion fee HM " Si lend end there i s very l i t t l e fellow. In 19^/7 and 1|57/C both dry end irrigated
wlkeeTand^berley were grown? also breed beans and potatoes with irrigation. UaXto- irrigated wheat yields 20 eta. per ha., and dry wheat TqSsT per he. The petstoss grown ere llintje end Mfleetic, both for local consumption. 3* £ttMaUfc$£8* 19% 1957 195C
2 ha. 3 *•*» 3 be. uuearne (Perennisl) 1 I 1 tomatoGE M 0.5 Tobeeee l 1 1
of Ohiblla during the growing SIM JWMN
Irrigated 16 times during the and 20 times i f there i s a high
pityaa. 350 oranges and $0 lemons on 1 ha. of land. The farmer intends to plant another hectare of orsnges i» <*• future, Tfce trees are given 12 irrigations a year of HOO m3/hs. eaeh, mailing a total of SBoo. Almonds* &ene.
t» ha. with numbers decreasing*
407 ef tfctfn Jtelien varieties, coyer 10
_ j irrigation or grafting oZ olives, i t i s realised by the farraer that irrigation of the itoio variety gives increased yields.
^*icaiv>tff> Bene* 2hero i s one 35 metre deep well aurfece (probably second eouifer);
; level 30 m3/hr. the last few years. W«. and distributed round the fatw wit; no evidence of a f a l l i n static level
2,000 intends to ins i under citrus.
iter is raiaad by electric • by 000 octree of cane
*# gates* another oo. of ;he few fer&era who has
farts wanting to epsm citrus. no
te t h ^ L ^ J f W W ^ ^ e S n g ^ i 3 0 ' M t &
^.e s t l c and^rren^ann#r antatcIL I S i ^ ^ ^ * J L S ! 8 * yields are *JF±**2 E E ^ , ^ «*Wt ai 1W 1957 30 ha. 30 ha.
Lucerne i s grown but no figures given. Jua^tUgU* gaaeffidnufcg. 15 irrigations ere git year end up to 20 i f the sassier in unusually hot. is given per he* at each irrigation end yields ar
j$ he.
ft? w lev Q wS # / Q0 •
It600 trees covering H ha. * production. Another ho ha. w i l l be slant irrigations each year with foo a$/ha. total of 6,000 ffl3/ba.
of which are not yet i n the
yjjam* 2 he* of Vines but nu: born at* slowly declining. iiUjatft. There are 500 trees on the ram, s l l at which are el trier Italian or TunisAen end at the seae tine intaeture. «one i t Irrigated or grafted.
Done.
•» w w • «i " «r*j*» w •*» w - « v »****> «• w w «»w wwaw M « v W w •* ~ r i in recent yeera. by electric i*uap. £ fcdlls. per o|. end i s raised Irrigation i s by gravity flow and canals. Intends to develop citrus, plant crops , and Install sir inkier irrigation*
h ag&aj* The groundnut acreage has irareaeed but i t see** that citrus w i l l be the neat importent crop i n the future. The farmer ia abandoning canal irrigation in favour of shrink"' or irrigation.
1. This fern was started i n 1932 end 15 a are irrigable, a l l being irrigated in 195Ej 7 he. of ways retain under dry cultivation. There l a triennial whole it m and the
and potatoes er 225* 2*' vncren varieties of pc give yields 5-7
fens i s intercropped. wheat and barley were grown rears irrigated bread beans Dry wheat yields about k qta. yields 15-20 qte./ha. The lot j e and p o e t i c | theae
xl.
. rc ujic'miti"-borage
1 ha.
i ha.
1957 2 ha. 1 ha. i ha*
1951 3 ha. 1 ha* i ha.
Kajnuili ?. irrigations ore ;>v^:t
25 nay be /... uu. ** »uv i w w la very hot then up to fields are around 25 qts./ha.
iio at the annent but the farcers intends to
plant 1 ha. of oranges in the future. there ate $00 soft shelleil variety trees on t h e t a a 200 «ro isasatttre. Itogether there are Voo Frentoio e l i t e s on the fare l i r e i s recomeoded. too trees are taature. SO O
Ihero Is ono wet3 the fp'' has s capacity of $> n3/hr. The
10 h*p» eleetrie pur® raise? water ar. a east of 2 nliilenee sonic »etre« Htm pmp l i to (ha •leeniHK Mi votes i s buted to the •Jedawl' ox' cans l a .
nj
by 2,000 . The fame* wou'-r vorv nuch HI-:© to i n s t a l l
lanto a ploggle'. 7* &&ftf> "be groundnut acreage i s one of two who rfteot-wivJ. that ?xt
under dry cultivation. With the installation <! end the planting of citrus water requirements wd
Six heeterea of the lend are irrigated are daunted to the dry intereulture of olives
and almonds* There i a no rotation en the irrigated lnnd» The fern was started i n 1935
2. i O J ^ t e ^ ^ ^ in the winter seasons 1956/7 and 1957A both dry and irrigated wheat and bar lev were rrovpt yjotrtooa rr.C
.. .. * ' j breed eeane were alee grown i n both years wH 3« iJmmm. ftrcma- i95o 19*7
^ I W i P t f e r e B i i s l ) i na! § haZ 1 ha. 1 ha.
s h l : 1 ha.
snnnert as m 195c • and 25 i n a very hot summer* «*oo 03* OI vet or given per hectare, end yields 20 qts. per he*
trees a I t OK WW **** w
10 ft* end nunbeve di
—•™™ — w w. w » •••wwwv
ssnej s t i l l
IflSPfi ^JJ^A eKCX**!* S MX«L4pi
t f r t ^ e T e f ^ l l v e e .s
^ f f^oe^lenteTli " t * " m i r e t r o G S 0 1 1 *** * a * 1 2 0 7 0
There^is one well which Is conifer).
Gravity irrigation with eanels.
has a capacity of 60 fctf/hr. (probably The water-level has dropped recently. Water 03* and is raised by a 6 feu; • electric
The ferae* intends to continue with olives would else like to Install sprinkler irrigetion Only about 1> of this ierr is Irrigated and the feme*
6 to continue with dry-land olives end alneods. Tbeoe roes find the best climatic een4itioiis in the erec arounc
sMRfr HBfJ VjiKbrrrT ff^rflBi<!ifnn- 19$* Concession f a r t which ha a 30 ha* irrigated and the rensinder dry. The whole tarn is planted with olives end alaonds interedbted.
2. U fL_J3* dry end with
Wheat end barley grown in 1956/7 end 1 lea ted eondltlfitiai sotatoee end baaed tion in the sane seesons. Ury wheat yields s. per he*1 end Irrigated 20 qta* per he. Italian end for exportj yields being $-12
3.
Xsteeme (;'or onni a 1)
195& 5 ha* I ho* 16
1957 ? he. 1 ha.
195? 5 ha. 1 ha.
oassssv as W 19^. l o t sossjtlM 20 ire needed . la very hot* Voo ©3. of water ere given et each irrigation yields average 20 qta* per he*
Itfttna I led i f the weather
iuMtm' 'one* 60,000 t o t a l , and no f»13 In nurabera anticipated.
QiXsSA- lmhoo treea spread ovor i+o ha. with Uoo of the treea not yet soture* A l l the tree* ere i'rantolo, partly irrigated but not grafted. Yields of irentoio are mien better with irrigation*
><0 »n4>i None,
*<*r 31 Metros below the surface enc a capacity 2 wens, which are 35 r etrea
Xr
o3» &ech has an electrio punp of 10 h*p. which delivers at the surface at a rate of 60 m3/hr. ax** et a cost of Is. per cubic aetre. The purps are nitcd in the nexo'. The vat or-to bio has? dropped a l i t t l o recently, ition la by «f,000 netros of concrete canals and furrows.
j&2Ac£g. The farmer intends to i n s t a l l sprinkler i r r i g a t i o n . Oro replaced by sprinklers. 7* Groundnut acreage steady. Canal irrigation likely to be replace "
fAfi^ imp* i ;"f | 1 MMc> AtelaJi
ia ono of the largest Ubyan farms p a i l aanf. I t i s entirely a 6 yeera old* 25 ha* are irrigated One third of the lend lies in fallow a i l the year. There l a no rotation and plant crops arc prown eenuecn the Cream*
private fare which ia and the rest remain? dry.
2. t-ilnfcor- Cqftna- 1GGA to 1V3WAf
H ed beans i x. — ftit^JtJOCS
10 lie. dry I 3 ha* irrigated
Irrigated 1£ ha* icnv *V7f
10 dry k Irrigated
Tripoli h Ot Tripoli 2 G;
lucerne
1 ha. io« 2 he. l ha.
i ha. i ha.
3 ho. 1 he. | ha. *g ha. | ha.
195t 1 ha. 3 an* £ ha. i ha. t ha.
m m p jon~private land? most of this
5- J #
a*
15 qts* of Oil produced fro? the last harvest jtaatiUusp^^ «ho»p I s one v e i l en the f s j n is 33- :^t?es deep and i s f i t t e d with a dtesel pump. The tabls i s 11 metres below the surfaee. Irrigation i s by le? end there io e storage tank of 60
?• Mm* year? <
•fedsmudLom a*' nrea under herbaceous cross* % this fan* i s only 0 ars nai isjpasjiilAs
farmer renarfes that al i t I f giving good results war regions i n sgriouiture3 probation* s^s been done i n establishing a big form i n this area
•ult to find sufficient financial end technical assist* la dif; ones. in 195
ft *a&~ i s s new farm i t i s natural tc rind of trees, i t i s interesting to note that barley was grown under Irrigation. Pot
rw been introduced into ton a j t l r * -showing that the irrigation water i s of good quel: groundnut acroage increased from 1956 to 1957 end then steadied; t'lero has been a switch from the production ol *rirK)3.i *+ to Tritxili 2. "J
1* .mapj ^flttlMft|ffi?- 20 he* of this farm ere i r r l g to 20 he* He fallow for part of the /ear ct least. 2* T4*ftP* 1957/®
feast 5 ha. irrigated 2 he* dry Barley 10 he* irrigated 10 ha* dry "road beans ^ ha* irrigated •» ^tatoaa 2 he. Irrigated
3* f ^ a e j r j ^ s s i ' 1V5£ Oroundnuta (Tripoli h) 9 ha. Orousxnuts (Tripoli 2) 6 ha. Pepper 2 he.
six days.
y&EUjg., k X03QU5.
SO soft shelled variety.
. **fhe crop i s irrigated once every
J^iyeg. There are l f200 trees on the farm, of which only 10 arc numature. fisja •pfeiB\a- **5 oatc y i f ^ . 10 trees. Stdtfl*. 35 Qts. harvested.
j . There are f i v e wells on the farm, are worked by the ,cela' and ere very shallow. The other
are 36, U5, and 50 metres deep anC are f i t t e d with diesel rs* dftS v e i l has a puns of 2£ h.p. with a capacity of
30 ci3/hr., another with an £ h«p* pump with a capacity of 70 m$* 1 both these asjlM are inside the well. The t h i r d well his a 21 tup* diesex electric unit which i s outside the well* The water from two of the walla Is distributed by canals, and from the t h i r d by sprinkler.
e. fcufcura &ua Policy.. t 7* 'iLS&S&j. -bis oould well be an I t a l i a n Concession fsrm which
has been taken over by a Libyan. The farm i s situated beyond the U n i t s of the T r i p o l i e l e c t r i c i t y grid and therefore has two diesel motors driving pumps, and a dieael-electrie generator driving an electric punp* With f i v e wells, the farmer i s able to sustain a large area under i r r i g a t i o n . In the winter of 199? A the whole irrigable 20 ha. were being used for the
of wheat, barley, brosd beans and potatoes under est of the irri g a b l e land I s used i n the ;ion •
ISBJ
Cc
ha.
200 ha. of this large fans i s irrigated s permanently dry. Up to 200 ha. i s l e f t fallow
each year because of the sandy nature of the s e l l * Inter-At one time this farm was an I t a l i a n
1956/7 1957/B Irrigated Dry Irrigated
10 lie. * 100 ha. 50 ha. 3 bo. 1£ ha.
Wheat Barley Bean
.0 practised, li
Dry a
150 ha. ^feSnT&oe^V
IM 195*
# -t
& ho* £ he. •g ha* i ha. t ba*
r-T*$lr,**!tV'ffi\ off gpffr i •
cd every 7 day
vitJJl** X$0 tree* rwet orsjigaa.
covering *c na«
&ttxfia* 5tooo tree ha. j Oiilif 20;
5* Wfltpy auti|^Y ml IWlUnHm Altogether tUore are C we l l s oo fteIfsSt 1 i ial le ten 20 h»p. dlesela, one a 1 n . p . e l e c t r i c pwt-p. »nu the rest ere only Joet being f i t t ed with pta&pe* The JP*WB i e aerved by sprinkler I r r i tsnks or 360 u), and 60 so.
R a t i o n , there ere two storage
6* i j y j t f f f fora ^ - ^ y - p a n s i e r , of irr igat ion w i t h i n s t a l l a t i o n
7* &taa* ttda JTar» was original ly aterted to n dryland coacoo-large nuaber oJt ol ive trees. ?h® XuLaran owner of the far© over to sprinkler irrigation* In
JO na* of barley uere srewn under i r r i g a t i o n ,
r " m l fttfiiMllflB •"• | t t § tan abost 6 bt« ore irrtgabsi'i 15 am under dry c u l t i v a t i o n and 9 bo. l i e fallow a l l the year. Thera i s 0 ro t a t ion* but no d e t a i l s or9 given*
2* gutter, tiaaaa. u n dry) itHW i95?/P
Barley 10 ha. 6 ha.
T r i p o l i U T r i p o l i 8
956 1957 195?
3 ha. | * a V ha. 1 ha. 1 ha* 1 ha* 3 Its. X ns. 1 ha. 1 hfte 1 ha. 1 ha.
Tobaeeo a-3 ;*©,
fcltyuj.
Ai^miiS* 50 soft and l * r d shelled war!at las .
QJiJIB. J+50 treea « w i a : 25 ha.
5* " f t i f ^ T l r tttfi iTffcaftUa- ?ka ana v a i l on Ma fata l a 62 netrea deep and has water at h2 safcraf below the surface ( f i r s t water-table). water i s raised by a 12 h*p* e lec tr ic pump driven by a 25 lup* dleeel generator. . .;it<x ot the bottom of the wa l l . Irrigation l a by 'jedula! and aprlniacr There I s one storage tank of 320 BJJ.
mnx* ^mi&Ua. **° deta i la .
7* k&Sft* Water i s not plent i ful because I t has tc be pu^pcti froa a considerable depth, winter crops are a l l grown iifrter. dry cult ivat ion. The barley acreage dropped in the year 1957/Bi in 195* groundnut acreage i s s l ight ly up on 19% and 1957 with a ftorttlnuod preference for Tr ipo l i ***
•UKUm^JtoaJt t
1. gffleraj. ^gcrcaUofc; This i s probebly an I t a l i a n c ansae aion ism that has bean saltan over by a Idbyan. 30 ha. of land are Irr igated, 10 ha. reaain under dry cultivation and up to 7 ha. of land l i e fallow at least f o r part of the yssr. There i s a rotation practised and there i r interculture.
f i e l d s T ota l 15& *»rte UOO aarto 120 jacrta 100 qts.
waiter Qrattf* Area he.
Irrigates i)ry Wheei 2 3 laittan % 6 neons 1 2 Potatoes 1 2
195? Orctmdnute Tripol i 2 ( local) 20 ha* 25 Ha• 30 ha. *'exLSO 2 ha. J I* ha.
0,5 ha* 2 tit. 5 Ha. r i l U t o**J IMU 2 he* 1 tea. *ooacc*? 0*8 ha. 0*3 ha. 0 4j<j©mo (Perennial; t 1 tea*
maUe up of 110 erlnes , l.o oranges* 690 lojaons, and coveting h ha
t rees ere tot yet l a f u l l pr •
100 She orsncea or© blood
ie?4$ 0 var ie ty and
1 1 preduetiosH c v. s a n H >
i»?50 trees era surged over tha whole Terr, and are ernlaated with alEsc-nda. 150 trees ara tnaaeture. interp!
A l t * trees. bushes n<mm voo
Mater i ifl - . . eg diesol !J h»p« • f t l a with et W-OG e»3.
-ruere are seven walls on th i s rigated f a r a t nost of which ara W netres dean* id at 15 oetrea in twr. of the v e n a and Sw- ret res
l a ( f i r s t acpifor) . Thar© ara two 20 h*r . • •a l / e loe tr l e unite, and 3 e lectr ic jairrpe of a puisne ere outside the v a l l a and the rest am*. tiprinfcl«r and gravity irr igat ion jedula are used? there l a a etora?® ts$*lt of
7* i££sft- One of tha aast heavily Irrigated fares in tha Oaar i^rTSmmM*, ,jpee. l otfr the heavy increase in the groundnut
MM Ufc water demands oi* the far» ore wry high*
'O • 1 7 *
*• "JfiHSiJHMMisfc t b i . 30 h . . tea * • • ao h . . i r r l E , b l .
i s i n t e r c u l t u r e or t ree crops and plant crops.
fey I r r i g a t e d ^ I r r i g a t e d 5 ha. 3 ha, 2 ha. | * » * **• 5 ha, 3 ha. 5 h i .
(broad) 1 ha* I J M , * 1 ha. I i*» 3 * 3 ho i
a cubic met*e. Whan tne f&r*a was v i s i t e d I s early ^eee&ber. the crop was being i r r i g a t e * f o l l o w i n g several days r a i n . The
g l r f t . i f o r ™ » t h ^ t the water used was r ron © wal l i t would be eu i t c vartaf t h i s warmth, i t was Eaintained. i.!BCS225f.*'ntJr^h 25 i n t«r twt l»g
howeverf t ha t so wards tha and of December loans' potatoes o f f . up-to-Sat* i s tha nana o f the var ie ty grown.
3» Mik^L^XSLiA* 19% 1997 10«SP
Groundnuts - T r i p . % 7 e 10 Groundnuts - T r i p . 2 * * 5
a 1 1 a 1 1
on 3 ha. Oioe icsaature) $ 20c o f the
tofficO*. Tota l o r joo t raas or which 100 ara i i ® * t u * e . Xha a l C T s are both hard and s o f t ma t t ed va r i eUee .
TO??J o f . 1 * 2 0 0 fe3f«°9 covering 10 ha. w i t h o l i v e s J ^ X ^ ' W L T H n t o n d s . o l i ve s are s U U
L>rfcgaUitft» "here are two wel l s o f about w i t h the water- table at 25 metres below the
« ^ w a l l has an e l e c t r i c putp o f € h#p. which w i l l j a r go eablc stares of tfstas no i n . I r r t f s t i o i i s by
f U t v i t y f l o w and sprlsj^||pfe f h a g r a v i t y f l o w net had ases
•aaerete ehennele t earth canals tad JedawX. fttetege tank
ftrtm tffflTi JtallfflL* SaaU eapenolon oX i r r i g a t i o n *
V* a£&B§. Tfaio i s on© o f the beet Libyan f e m e v i s i t e d . The land I s v e i l u t i l i s e d i n both euaaer end win te r . I n IS:57A the t ree o f I r r i g a t e d wheat and barley eaceoeded the area o f dryland under these t rope . The groundnut acreage has « a s t ead i ly .
iid* l i
i f i ^ E l flaaOs p r f ea t e , there i s no Cablla l and . Up t o 20 ha. ef land nay l i e f a l l o w f o r part o f the year, there i s I n t e r -cu l tu re o f t rees end ; l en t crops.
Ktfit.flr tfmpffl. !95eV7 1957/6 wheat 2 he. i r r i g a t e d t
jPstotoes Autucsi 8 he* 3 ho»
3* f3uppi r Gyopa*
Groundnuts 3 he. o f T r i p o l i 3 end T r i p o l i Tonetoes . . . . . . . ha.
l a w i t s n t . There ere 800 oranges and Woo lemons* i i a l f the oranges n r o t f e l l l i aaa ture .
To ta l o f 70 t rees o f hard and s o f t shelled v a r i e t i e s , " jglod w i t h o l i v e s .
There are 167® treea which are spread over roo t o f the f a r o . kOO treea ore not yot l a f u l l product ion. t l g f i . 10 t r ees .
5* ^fl^ltt^T^ittTM i1Tlfft;1flnffl- _ « a e r e are two we l l s on the farm > purr pa at_
over the land by s p r i n k l e r s !
apply flffi j y y l g i t f M ^ *i and the water i s raised, by a d leee l peep and an e l e c t r i c puns. Efcoee aeaat each roioo W a3/hr« and aha eater l a d la t r ibu ted
*• fUtHrf.fTaya Ff t l l f iY. continue w i t h the eaee crops ss s t present.
7* hoSm* sp r ink le r i r r i g a t i o n i s p re fe r red . The dleael -paratee I n s v e i l which l i e s w e l l ewe? f ro® the e l e c t r i c i t y g r i d l i ne s which run along the a, Ben Qaehir - Sult-Ks-Sebt road, rore barley l a grown under i r r i g a t i o n than under ury c u l t i v a t i o n .
xaii under dry c u l t i v a t i o n r o t a t i o n , but no
i*iu. This £§m was former ly an I t a l i a n hectares are i r r i g a t e d res t remains f t tont there i s so&e f a l l o w end sons f o r t o f d e t a i l s g l i
Barley
1956/7 r l g a t e d Dry
3 ha. # 4 ha.
1S57/E
1 ha. i
; *y 2 ha. 5 ha.
tejgfjg 8 ha. | at* 2 ha. a> Aueaeaa saajeaSMMi 5 ha. | ha* k l is. 3 ha.
----- •• fef%f*el £ asaaaajj w uw 2 ha. # 2 ha. • Is fliami Hi in i 1956 1957 192*
Groundnuts T r i p o l i 2 ( l o c a l ) 7 na. B ha. 6 ha. ^Qffi fr O Ow 0*5 ha. 0.5 ho. 0.5 he. Pepper °#33 0*33 ha. 0.33 ha.
£L%sm* There ara 900 t rees en the fans and they cover 3 ha. The trees are made up o f 30 tangerines, » lemons and the res t oranges 1 *too t rees are immature.
t rees o f hard and s o f t shelled v a r i e t i e s . t rass ara *
300 are iisseturo. ^ljat- r^800 t rees are in te rp lan ted w i t h aliaonds on 30 ha. o f
There are two wal ls on the »i w w « w » <s( mraee deep ( f i r s t aqu i f e r ) ; t he water*.
table i a 2* netres below the surface. Each w e l l han an f i c pump I n the 'avoeposso'. I r r i g a t i o n was o r i g i n a l l y
but sn r lnk le r has beet* i n s t a l l e d and l a now more
11
6 . ******* ^ a a i i « » . Ho d e t a i l s . 7 .
* t y p i e a l I t a U a n Concession f e r e w i t h i n t e rp l an t ings ves and a t o m s , which has bean modified by the I n t o ?
c t i oa o f more i r r i g a t i o n . I n 1957/? winter cereals wero ~*J2l P£ f 1 * * ! . t h o o f groundnuts re ta ins
tfith ^00 iaoature c i t r u s trees In i t , there oust have - r ing the l o s t few years. With a expansion of i r r i g a t i o n con
BO SKpeosoe.
[Hi HP B<y an.
a. Sixteen hectares o f t h i s term esn be [ways d r y , fou r ha* l i e f a l l o w f o r a t l eas t
o f tha year . There i s a r o t a t i o n o f cropping and f a l l o w i n g a l t e rna te years.
2* Ktattr BttgaV
I Issat Barley issna
IWatoec
§s> - *0 *
1*5 ha. (Auturm)
1956/7
1 he* ha.
1 ha.
i * y I r r i g a t e d
3 ha. 2 ho». 2 ha.
2 ha. 3 ha. 2 ha.
2 ha. (Spring) (Auturi , (Spring)
3* fflnsaw V'mnt 1956 1957 195 T r i p o l i 2 (groundnuts) 1 ha. 2 ha* 3 ha. i-fclse 1 ha* 1 nae 1.5 ha.
2 ha. 2 ha* I l i a PSJQ SJS 3 ha. 3 ha. W ha.
• ' ~ C •• ; 2 ha. 2 ha. 2 ha.
iiSuaJa. 2C0 loiaature trees cover 1 ha. i l e t ^ns i oranges and 50 tangerines.
up o f
Ataafifl. hoo t rees o f hard and s o f t shelled v s r i e t i a s i 100 ere not ye t i n f u l l product ion. mixejt. 700 o l i v e trees are in te rp lan ted w i t h almonds on 16 ha. o r l and . They are a l l iEanoturo.
3#ooo Yields ere 10 q t a . per annum.
5. Wijfflf B t o f l T B«6. jh r r tg f l t lgn . There are two wel l s o f 30 cetree depth, w i t h a wa te jv leve l o f & t e t r e s below the surfeee ( f i r s t a q u i f e r ) . There i s an e l e c t r i c punp s i t ed i n the 'avanpoaso' which l a used f o r sp r ink le r i r r i g a t i o n . There are s t i l l a few gedula. The one storage tank on the f a r e i a o f loo 03.
©• *ilJairjeL^to. PoXlojt. No d e t a i l s .
7- t h i s f a m eeems t o be develor ing. Many o f the t rees are taature — a l l the c i t r u s , a l l the o l i v e s and loo o f the a tends. Both wheat and barley are grown w i t h i r r i g a t i o n ( eutuini sown potatoes are grown without i r r i g a t i o n ; the groundnut area has increased during the three years l i s t e d . Sprinkler I r r i g a t i o n i s ousting g r av i t y i r r i g a t i o n .
On t h i s f a r e of 15 he. 12 ha. are regaining three are d ry . 7 ha. o f Isnd l i e s
f a l l o w f o r pert of the yeer and there i s s r o t a t i o n .
2 . JflJdyuUta*. ^ 1956/? ^ Dry I r r i g a t e d Dry I r r i g a t e d
Wheat 3 be. 3 ha. 3 ha. h ha. Barley 3 he. 3 ha. Beans 2 ha. t ha. 3 he. it he.
2 ha. 2 ha. 2 ha. Spring ftetetees » 1 ha. - | ho.
1957 1958 Groundnuts T r i p o l i 2 ( l o c a l ) 3*0 ha. **.0 ha. 5*0 ha. Tojaato 1.0 ha. 1*0 ua. l e i ha, Pepper 0»5 he. 0,5 ha. 0.5 ha.
QlSam. only a few trees .
£2l3tt*> A t o t a l o f huo t rees covering 15 he$ loo t rees are iraneture.
>i3
There i s < is f rom til she surface ( f i r s t water-
•e i s e d ioso l engine and generator which drivea a 12 h . p . e l e c t r i c pump s i ted i n the •sreaposso*. There i s or.c ntoro^o W a j . c a p a c i t y t i l i tr i fet lec l a i f
In 1957/8 core I r r i g a t e d than dry woe e r l ey dlaappeared from the l i s t o f winter
6.
nuts continue to increase i n iiarxsrtance.
rant T ^ I at 19 tin.
UBS
10 ha. o f the Xam i s i r r i g a b l e . The can tow cereals on par t o f the 2.600 ha. tha t There I s iritp^emrsnlnff tnit.uaan trim
the: eabila
2. Winter urnna. 19*3/7
Potatoea
3« Groundnuts ( T r i p . U)
Pepper Tobacco
l he.
lVT* 1957 1958
6 he. 5 he* 6 he. i ha. i ha. | IMH i ha. t hat i ha. 2 ha. 2 ho. •
130 oranges, 110 tangerines and 70 lenons, a l l ©, cover f he.
jJ&QttOg. 9? t r ees , both hard and s o f t shelled v a r i e t i e s . msa&. 295 t rees cover 10 ha . , aoaetlaes ln te rp lanted w i t h alnonds. 100 treoc are i m a t u r e . dl&M* 6 t r ees .
5« JUL aati ferlffflttoa* T here are two wel l s on the f o r t , wator- tsble IF metres below the aurfaoe. Bach has
an e l e c t r i c pump i n the 'ovanposao'; one ties a capacity o f 35 n3/hr, and the other 2*v n3/hr. I r r i g a t i o n i s by cedent canals and • j e d u l a 1 . There i s a storage tank o f 30 »3-
7* Mm* Although a smaller r a r e , the I r r i g a b l e area i s comparable t o t h a t on aeny of the la rger Thewasah'* The "?oundnut acreage f e l l i n 1957 but rose again i n 195*•
(a) Jiuddais ( G l l r e t l ;
laftaaJi fees ||ejigagj. loidlnc Kr. iL
1. g g M f i X Tr!T>7Tnp$fni- *Uia fara wee stsrted land i s i r r i g a b l e * but i n 195? only 8 ha. w About half the land i s intereroppeS.
in 193T. A l l the was i n f e e t i r r i g a t e d .
Groundnuts (Trip» 2) Groundnuts ( T r i p . W) Uicerne (Perennial)
2* tfjflter GTnpg-About 8 ha* o f irrigated wheet was grown i n 1956.
1956 1957 1958
t l e l he* 6 ha. 2 ha. k ha. 7.5 ha. Hj l ha. 5 ha. km$ ha. 6 ha.
IirHftUm r* V^WftWfay ?nia crop i s i r r a an ordinary sutaaer and 25 t i nes i f there i s S 1958 20-22 i r r i g a t i o n s vers g iven , Sielc
*»• 2yee Crops* u i t r u a . i<one. JtatBtiA. tans. jiUxsug. i o t a l number of trees i a 000, o f which 300 are Tunisian *nd 300 are immature. The f a m e r reeoraends l o c a l and Tunisian v a r i e t i e s .
i r r i g a t e d 20 times i n J i s s spate of g h i b l i s . ::ioic 1 era JO «%*«/&*.
There i a one w e l l which i s about loep: the water- table i s 39 ostres below the sur f see.
WSter l a ra ised by an e l e c t r i c ptuop of 30 123./hr. capaci ty , s t a seat o f 3 udlliemes per i§« The pump i s located i n the *ewttposso* and the water i a put on to the land by low pressure oj^eprinlclera o f 2 atmospheres* There i s a etorege M B o f
514
K© d e t a i l * .
7. mm>.**4* **** ** e*ounf*ajt t m a g t « ^ J ^ 5 6 j 1**^ a r e s u l t o f the reduction o f the area under
SSZSSt ^ M i i ^ & r M Tunisian o l i v e t o the I t n l
beeaoae he i s s t i l l
Gravity i r r i g a t i o n
J&e noolo o f t h i s f a r t i , which vaa s tar ted »e i r r i g a b l e , but i n 195e, however, only 1.95 to.
i f a c t i r r i g a t e d . On average there i s 13 ha. o f land which l i e s f o l l o w f o r port o f the year, there i s a r o t a t i o n
b f f f i » groundnuts, potatoes and vegetables, and i£-2 ha* are intercropped w i t h olives$ oranges and forage.
15
Generally there are no winter dry land crops* aooti bar ley , broad beans and potatoes (autumn and « r i ^ s ^ ^ S 8 ' M n E - 11,1956
2 ha. 2.1 ha* 1.95 ha*
Cnder normal auraner eendl t l t >e given bet i n a Q h i b l i sumer l£~2o are \
i r r i g a t i o n s were i n f a c t given, f i e l d s are
Si toui . There are kQQ t reea B are lesion* * o <n* t o f t t
i r r i g a t i o n s
are grown w i t h o l i v e s on 2 ha. o f land) they ere
trees are spaced over the whole . and Tunisian o l i v e , and baa i the Sheralali var ie ty*
have already been planted but the
F. There l a one well en the f*ari b- ^ • • r W » W W F w v*t- *«* v**** *e*-* s <s» e a " *
which i s 32 aetres deep, and tha water*table i s 29 nefcree below the surface, hewing dropped i n recent rears . A 7.5 fc*p* e l e c t r i c pass has been i n s t a l l e d a t tha base o f the t h i s psaps water i n t o spr 9? 2r • ul i - — CLX S T 2 M . D U y X O L
u.iuor-s • t wedioa^pressure i o r f o c e p 4 « W l ^ . f t i » ^ bPs^aapUitr of
nuts and bookkeeping• * *Jf M Sv aVM*C**Jv.
t'isiwaVAaa I T H ^ ^ _ —^ _ — _ *v 4 * t M 4 _ „ * ^ — . ^ - ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ • M - » T - .pieni'* A alas . *5
f aimer has not s ta r ted t o l i t i g a t e h i s o l i v a a , instead he i s t r y i n g p r e f t i n ? . Spr inkler
;uo i i ^ ' . c v at Ifei sjjsjsJMe o* <. • -*vi r a t i o n .
1* Ccsiprol ftyypssfit^- -tJLE fars was s tar ted by the agency
i r r i g a b l e but i n 195? only tf ha* was i r r i g a t e d * £ ha* of land l i a s f a l l o w f o r a part o f tho year* on the i r r i g a t e d land o f wheat* groundnuts
:uoon the oilwee*
m ^ , vm/f Wheat 2 ha* i r r i g a t e d Barloy 2 hr>» i r r i g a t e d Potatoes (Autuwn) 0#5 ha*
Cflaain^} • average y i e l d o f p o t t i e s l a 9 . 6 q t a . per ha.
sajN i s .-5 r o t a t i o n
1957/* 2.5 ha* irrigated 1*5 ha. irr igated 1.5 ha* irrigated
3 « f l e * s ^ i ^ . X95v 1 9 ^
loca l White ( T r i p o l i 2) 3* •» M l * . 3*5 he. l o c a l Had ( T r i p o l i k) Xa> llA a 2.2 ha* a) V i r g i n i a ( T r i p o l i 2) • m 0*5 ha. Lucerne (Parexaiialj 0.5 ha* 0.5 ha. 0.75 !*• Toewtoes 0*>5 ha. e> a> feaisa 0.5 he. 0 . 5 ho. 0 .5 ha.
\ . 1 2 i s the average number of
i r r i g a t i o n s par l l f * - c y c l e , bat up to 16 ray- be given I n e not
average 25 c t e« per he*
iiA£B^g* There are W20 t rees on the ferm^ mainly oranges, o f which 2 are Unetore i He eee r i a i i t i n g are a i v r i ^ o c i n the f u t u r e . £eoh t r ee i s given 5 i r t i g e t i o n a a year o f 5 «3# i . e . a t o t a l o f 25 »3.
: one
275 AunlaleD o l i v e s are spread over neat o f the fares and i>0 era s t i l l i aaa ture . A l l o l i v e s are i r r i g a t e d end Tunlaian v a r i e t i e s have been g ra f t ed on t o a l l I t a l i a n trees* ^c ja^nfca . There ere e few on the far*.* but ae eeee w i l l be
• tar S f f f i f a n d IrriffflfctflB. One V O I J , with *avs«npozeo ; OS 35 . otres ane t r i v e l l a s i o n e of 30 ne t res . has a capacity o f Ho uj/hr, The voter*-table which l a now HO s&tros below the SUM ace hee droppe* £•5 h«p» e l e c t r i c ] o f 5 a i l l i e a e a per g rav i ty f l o w and a! owns W>0 octree of p i l i n g . There i s
6 . m m .''aft; ftfllfiy- «o expansion o f c i t r u e .
7* ^otee. 2il:e many o f the f arcs a t Jluddain* the whole area eoulu be i r r i g a t e s I f more coney i s Inver ted I n add i t iona l c a p i t a l equipment. A l l winter cereals ere i r r i g e t " u c o v e r a l l acreage ox groundiiufcs has increased, a l tho i under T r i o o i i U has decreased. Sote the f e e t t ha t groundnuts vera ini*rodaeea i n 195* unu whet a l l o l i ve s are i r r i g o t e d and the I t a l i a n va r i e ty i s being g r a f t e d . I f the i r r i g a t i o n f i g u r e s are corr c t tnen the farmer i e iMQh water to his groundnuts.
!^-,-| B t I»•>v*wsi^*#*e>^ rtvi -1 mm w saaaft fees — I ^ M I 4v*
193TandTn n o 7 c ^ . k bv the farmer. A l l the toidlSS i s i r r i g a b l e but i n 195? 10 ha. were I n Tact i r r i g a t e d • 15 ha. o f lend l i e s f s l l o There i s s ro ta t i c
dry and h a l f i r r i g a t e d * de t e i l a ere g iven .
3 9 5 7 / f
H wheat
I t t l e y
BvsM Z rie« i r n g a w J 8 ha* l r r i g o t e d 3 ha* i r r i g a t e d
H ha* i r r i g a t e d
Uuturan) 8 ha. i r r i g a t e d
ISJM t j v t n g §*MB pststsss ore
The y ie lds o f dry c u l t i v o t e d wheat i a 3 Qta . /ha . , and f o r i r l g s t s d wheet i f
Orooadnuts ( T r i p , 2) Orouncnuta ( T r i p . U) IilCCTlie ( P**'*mmAmt i
f i e l M
1956 lf» ?7 195* l> ha. 6 ha. 7 ha. 2 ha* S ha. 3 ha. l t * e 1£ ha. | | ha.
2 he* a^rhe.
gfct t tUl there tt at each i r r i ga t e applied i n en *
Purine a uut 11' there i a
up to 2f lrr lgat iona.
-h is crop ineic i j i ice of
w i t h JDQ «3 given 50 m3./hai. i a the tote? anoont o f water .u&uer. f i e l d s are 22 e.ts./hs
Sajns a t the asaent tat the fareer hopes t o plant i n the f u t u r e *
gtoQi^ :VJ hard shelled v a f t s t j k l«t« , I U I l U | i l l i H t | e j i
sian v a r i e t i e s and I t a l i a n
• v.cn by
'-'here arc C*.J • 39% ha.* and
arc I r r i g a t e d o l i v e s under dry c u l t i i iauealvuta. With !>0 trees on the forL. nlartinca are eocnlcto . ajgaggflgggagt*41 *"**** •* -A ^ * ^ u w - ^ - >- •... •*» i» ... ..>..-. . . . . • •• • • a
avaapostfo aa V below the surface. lie
avamposao baa a capacity ox hb sp r ink le r i r r i g a t i o n l a ava i lab le . 0F200 m3. ?nd 10TB3. of undergro*
i s one w e l l 3* net res
1A1 e l e c t r i c pnap in High pressure
6.
7.
^ ^Ufir* Jne farmer^tajsw** to dcvolor •eee), groundnuts, nut and f r u i t t r ees .
fioJUtts. The sroundout eereaze has increaaed f r o n 6 ha. i n W%
t o 10 bo. i n 195^° A l l the o l i v e trees on t h i s f o r * . i r r i g a t e d and are resorted t o give y io ld s £ t i ne s those obtained before i r r i g a t i o n vos introduced.
farmer , was a l l o t t e d by irrigablo lend w e r e i r r i g a l i e fallow f o r pari; or w legumes, c e r e a l s « fo
2 .
1 a j n I r?
nan o l i v e s .
L95677 1.5 hi 1 ha*
3* Sn-^eg Crnna. UrOUJKuiU GS
T r i p o l i 2 ( i igiziana)
T r i p o l i 2 ( V i r g i n i a ) Borage lucerne (Perennial)
G M b l i s are prevalent, given at each
1957/C — ' ' i » w
1*5 ha.
HP -5 ha*
0*5 ha*
5 i i a .
are «o Qts. /na.
25 irrigations are given during epped up t o 30 i n a hot year when 195? 23 irrigations ware necessary.
•*on f so the t o t a l amount o f
i r e 330 days w i t h
are not yet •• viaaaed.
ea o f water .
S'beso cover X ha. of l a m between o l i v e t reest t h e i r I are decreasing.
fittlHfc' tuewe are 390 I t a l i a n var ie ty o l i ve s and 200 l o c a l va r i e ty o l ives* none of these ara mixed with alaonda. MSG trees are s t i l l immature. A l l these trees are i r r i g a t e d and Share i s no g r a f t i n g . ibe farmer does not Hire the I t a l i a n o l i v e , and hi rceemends t h a t tha Tunisian and l o c a l o l i v e s should he grown, the f i r s t w i t h i r r i g a t i o n and the second with
a p j j l j m t t r trees are olresoy on the fsna but no aore SftU he planted.
ppspaH snevpoe t ; .';ou2/ ag tn rueunt yearri *ue ? i . • * c lec&ric L.;r.,i^;«.hy ... - •3»/ ,ir»i I t delRsjNi M f l i g Si ' I M i f about 3 n l l l i e s e s aer cubic isetre. Water i3 d i s t r i b u t e d by canals. l.uoo aatree o f which are cement. Tha underground d i s t r i b u t i o n pipes are 150 ana. i n diameter* Storage tank o f 100 m3«
The farmer intends te continue w i t h i n the winter and groundnuts M the
1 a; t i n k l e r i r r i g a t i o n .
7* ; :;m*. f t i s in t a ree t ing t o discover tha t a f a r c e r , using ensmael i r r i g a t i o n w i t h g r av i t y f l o w , wants to i n s t a l l sprinkle i r r i g a t i o n . The groundnut acreage has steadied. A l l winter crops and a l l o l i v e trees are I r r i g a t e d *
X* pUMffi i l munfflf.te *uin farm of 3 N . ? 7 ha. was a l l o t t e d I n 1937. 20 ha* o f the farm i s i r r i g a b l e (about 66*) but i n 195F only 6 ha. were i r r i g a t e d ^ 10 ha. o f the dry lend l i e f a l l o w f o r the whole year. ?he r o t a t i o n i s legumes, cereals* forage and groundnuts* There i s W ha* o f i n t e r c u l t u r e o f o l i v e s and groundnuts*
* • W3*fe•» jgjgjj , A l l i r r i g a t e d . 1956// 1957/S Wheat 1 ha. Barley 1 ha. 2 ha. Bread Beano 2 ha. 2 ho.
19% 1957 195T
triiJoU k 3 he. 0 # 5 he. 1 be. Tripoli 2 (Virginia) 1 to* 3 he. 3 ha. koema (Perennial) 0»$ he. 0»5 ha. 0 .5 l i t .
Liuriag | hit WMIi ttMl M P | sa* PM
V 1 X 1 p« planted i n to* next few year a. The citrus "row i t
'Cry 15 days* 1*500 l i >rao of water oeiBg given to .i.e. ar<
1 ha. sro«li»e "wetvaen olives; nu^be 'here i s s total of **02 olive tra
CO local, 150 Tunisian, 172 I t a l i a n , a- epacloc?- half the trees are > lives ere i r r i j
gives sooi) better y I
A l l our** eta irrigated crx. there i . ~ rx fields*
gn^TTtiff I f f 5 * t t j m already planted end there ara no plana bis MMMt<
"V-T.itfrnlT east ftn^fff^f*1- flat ana wall on the f§rm i a 86 a*
belcv the curioCQ. A 6 h.p* ele c t r i c purr has bat* i n s t a l l e d at the bettota of the • ave*>pes3c * and hoc o capacity of Mv^O »3 . / h r M rait ing voter at a coat of 2-5 ni Alienee par B3. The voter level hots dropped 8 Bttree i n recent years. Ortvity irrigation ay canals i s i n use at the aofttnt bet the fame* would l ike to I n s t a l l eprinfclers. Cndergrcur:u cistribotion pipes are aoo WB. i n ditceter and too total length of eeaaie i s 1.2 o metres) the storage tsrJi i s IflO £3* ^Uturrs Pniiav. To inc.ease f t W j t t nrouiKinuta, olives and
7.
«ef are ha prefers to i r r i g •'''*.' I S H I v^st* r * ~ i . IN USSJC v . - 'i . i * BtsaH SS K v i i
SB* . Hit future policy w i l l noan
irobable that s p r i n k l e r i r r i g a t i o n w i l l b© i net a Hod.
M !Hi jMCgCl^Mi MlllWfr /-seera ( l l a n c h l j
This INPo fer r i of 53 ha. was a l l o t t e d i n i s . of the I r r i g a b l e land wore i r r i g a t e d i n
Ilea fallow eaoh year and there i e a r o t a t i o n of cereal6, legumes* forage and groundnut** 15* ha* of the area under olivee i© planted w i t h herbacioue erope euoh ae cereale i n the winter and groundnuts i n the summer. Ito^QT ^rogg* 1956/7 i r r i g a t e d 1957/8 I r r i g a t e d Barley 5 ha. 10 ha.
2 ha. 2 ha. 1956 1957 1950
croundnute 10 ha. • 10 ha. She.
Americano * - 10 ha. liaise - 1 ha. 1 ha.
-Iration of GroundnutB. During a norial summer Teat ions ere glww but I n a Ghlbli summsr this tf« Yield© 16 c t c . A a .
summer, as in 1958* ?A w i l l be increased
o j j r j i i . tree* ore s t i l l
27C orangea, 1 lemon and 5 tangerines. 170 of the immature.
yUmt- l ha* planted w i t h o l i v e s , lumbers decree sing, Chore are 213 l o c a l I f t p Nfl f M I t a l i a n M M
covering 52*5 ha*, 770 of the t o t a l being immature. Only the I t a l i a n trees ore i r r i g a t e d and there i s no g r a f t i n g . j&lB&a&^g. 1665 trees*
There arc two wells on the farm r i s found 19 ra. below the surface,
few capacity of each w e l l i s 35-40 m3,/hr. Water l e v e l has totMpd c i n recent years. a tor cot.tr. or cubic iotrc are 2«fl m i l l , i n the tank and 5 m i l l s , i n the sprinkler* Shore are two pumps of 5 h.p, each w i t h capacities of 35-^0 aO./hr*; they are s i t e d i n the 'avar.^poisso'. mm preccure s ^ r i n k l s * I m g * * t i o n has been i n s t a l l e d f o r 30 ha. Tlie dianeters of the
underground pipee are 150 and 125 nwu The tank holds 100 m$.
6. Jprtorc -/una Pulley. To continue w i t h groundnuts I n the fgttMp and wheat and forage i n the winter. Olives nnd c i t r u s w i l l be the main tree crops,
7» 4'0t06» This i s a larger farm and i t s i r r i g a t e d a r e a a l o n e i s asF aa many other farms i n the Assahro reelon. I t would appear to tie w e l l balanced since i t i o of a reasonable siae, hae a f a i r avreage of each crops, and yet s t i l l retains tree crops. ..- m J S
Mario h i o o l .
This JO ha* tnm vae started i n 1938. I n I r r i g a t e d , i . e . Jurt over Q3 of the form,
ha. of the i r r i g a t e d land l i e f a l l ow f o r six months. The normal r o t a t i o n i s ocreals, groundnuts and then forage. The farm has 12 ha. of intercropping, nalnly groundnuts and olivee.
2. winter Crooa. A l l i r r i g a t e d , 5-6 i r r i g a t i o n s during l i f e - c y c l e . 1956/7 1957/8
heat 1 ha. t e j ha. * t i J ^ . ^ ^^^ e) 1 3 a
Broad beans 1 ha. 1 ha. 3. uustaer Crone. 1956 Vffl 1953
Groundnuts-T r i p o l i it - S ha. 2 ha. T r i p o l i 2 ( V i r g i n i a ) U ha. 10 ha. 10 ha. Lucerne (Perennial crop) 1»5 ha. 2 ha. 2 ha. Tomatoes 0«25 ha. 0*25 ha. 0*25 ha. A f g i f i g t l f f l Qt ^round^uti; 20 i r r i g a t i o n s are given i n a nomal surwner, as .for inotanoe i n 195GJ however, i f the suwmsr i s very hot as a re s u l t of a high incidence of Ghibli winds then the number of i r r i g a t i o n s i s increased t o 25* The amoubt of water of I r r i g a t i o n ; w i th the sprinkler system 520 ra3. i s given per ha., but with gravity i r r i g a t i o n along channels etc. 700 ra3. ota l amountc given i n an average eunner are therefore 10,h00
ja3.Aa. using sprinklers and lh,000 stf. usin£ canals. Yields of groundnuts 10-20 etc. per ha.
to C4|rjy|. At the sfcment there are 165 immature orange trees on the
32;
farm, and I n the next year or so the farmer intendc to plant 200 -lure orange trees. Each tree i s given 12 I r r i g a t i o n s of a 100 l i t r e e , p a r year (assuming a close spacing of h or 5 metres then something i n the range of 40-60 cubic metres are given per ha. Alaonds. 235 trees, a l l o^ tnecnar^raneiieSVariety and a l l Immature. Vine,:.. Sat M
1 ha. with a thousand vines, a l l growing alone. There en no diminution i n numbers i n recent years.
^.4ve.e» 576 trees altogether, made up of: 120 l o c a l , 150 Tunisian, 306 I t a l i a n . These trees cover 20 ha. (approx. 15-20 metre spacing). A l l the trees are i r r i g a t e d and i n addition to t h i s Tunisian olives >*re being grafted on to I t a l i a n o l i v e s . The farmer suggests that the looal and I t a l i a n olives should he i r r i g a t e d , hut that the Tunisian o l i v e should "be grown under dry conditions. JHtttaQLt.S. 525 trees have been planted, but t h i s number i s not l i k e l y to be increused i n the f u t u r e .
5. V flW " W V t a t f i f l Ij^S&m* a*© t»o w e l l s on the farm both about 37 metres deep, but i n one the water i s l e ra. down and i n the other 22 m. The wello tap the f i r s t aquifer and haws capacities of 20 and 30 m3.Ar. Unfortunately the watsr l e v e l on t h i s farm has dropped 8 metres i n the l a s t 6 years. I ater costB about 3 railliemes per cubic metre when i t i s put on the land. Both the w e l l s have 5 **•!>• e l e c t r i c pumps positioned at the foot of the 'avamposso'; one pump can r a i s e 35-39 m3. i n an hour and the other 20-30 m3. -tost of the i r r i g a t i o n i s by a r t i f i c i a l r a i n (oapable of i r r i g a t i n g 2U.5 of the 23 ha. i r r i gated) but there are 300 m, of canals f o r g r a v i t y i r r i g a t i o n . The diameter of the underground pipes l e 15 centimetres and sprinkler pipeB 10,6 cms. The sprin k l e r system i s a low pressure type of l t U atmosphere. A 100 m3> storage tank 1B available.
6. Future Farm po l i c y . The former hopes to increase the production of animal fodder and winter cereals and also to plant more ol i v e s , almonds and c i t r u s at the expense of the groundnut acreage.
7. Notes. The groundnut acreage jurapSd from k ha. i n 1956 to 12 ha. i n 1957, but the farmer has now decided to reduce the area of land under t h i s crop. Originally he used to i r r i g a t e by gravity flow along canals but l i k e most farmers i n the Piano hi region he has now switched to spr i n k l e r i r r i g a t i o n . He i s one of the few farmers who states that more water i s needed when i r r i g a t i n g by means of canals and furrows etc., than when i r r i gating w i t h sprinklers. Citrus i s d e f i n i t e l y on the increase.
tan Cnlo Mm
1* Jeneral Information. This I l i r form of 29.U2 he. was a l l o t t e d in 1939* 25 hit* are i r r i g a b l e and /t.2 ha. are nlwuys under dry c u l t i v a t i o n } i n 195$ e l l the i r r i g a b l e land was i r r i g a t e d . 10 ha. l i e fallow f o r a part of the year or the whole year, and there i s | r o t a t i o n of legumes, forage, groundnuts and cereals. 13 ha. o f land hare o l i v e s and almonds and interplantinge of herbaceous
2.
Barley
A l l are i r r i g a t e d . 1956/7
6 ha. 1 ha.
1957A 1*25 ha. 3 ha. 1 ha.
1956 MP •
T r i p o l i 2 (Kglsiana) T r i p o l i 2 ( V i r g i n i a ) Lucerne (Perennial)
incidence of
1 ha.
0s> vts&sj 12 ha. 2 ha.
4 i'iCi. * 9 ho* 2*5 ha.
normally 20-2? i r r i g a t i o n s are glvsa nocccnary when there i s a summer wi t h
b l i winds* I n 1956* 22 i r r i g a t i o n s of (by s p r i n k l e r ) . 630 m3* par ha* were given, a t o t a l of 13,360 m3.
Yields are 18 <jte*An.
Citrus. Vj.p orsnos and 2 lemon trees are planted on f l a t end protested land: a l l are ir.mture and the farmer Intends to plant u f u r t h e r 2CC trooa i n the fut u r e . sch tree i s i r r i g a t e d 12 times a year and receives IOC l i t r e s at each watering (1*200 l i t r e s ) . L2mj&k&' 100 hard shelled v a r i e t y and immature trees* I l M i * 1 ha* of land i s planted e n t i r e l y LO the vine. The number of vines i s not declining* l i v e s . There i s a t o t a l of 531 immature trees on the farmj of tse 130 are l o c a l and hoi I t a l i a n * A l l the olives are being
i r r i g a t e d and Tunisian ©lives are being grafted or to I t a l i a n o l i v e s . The farmer thinks a l l I t a l i a n olives nhould be i r r i g a t e d and a l l l o c a l o l i v e s should be c u l t i v a t e d dry. uc*anlfol ^500 trass have been planted trot no fut u r e plantings
•i. - — - € - I'll, - f f - ^ * J j ^ f f f - • a i «» .. . . - . . _ 1 j , ,©fci «rc oou! rtooux j?y HWHVS uecp wx tn u/io we«er or vno scconu
aquifrr found 2h netrea down. The capacities are 20 and 25 m3./hr. The water level has dropped 6 me tree i n the l o s t 5 years, water costs ore 3 railliemaa per cubic metre, At the base of each avan^onao I - i n s t a l l e d • 'j h*fg electric :um;.- v i t h a capacity of 25 aj./hr, Half of the form can be Irrigated by concrete oanals or which there are hoc metres. Low pressure Dprinklers are also available over 20 ha. of the farm.
6. injure ^ a j ^ . o l l a y . information. An expansion of citr u s . i»o other
7. £$AA> «"hen the farms were established by XHPS at Bianohl only enough citrus trees to supply home demands were planted. Many farmers, like this one, have been expanding the area of land under citrus during the la s t few years. Olivee are being both Irrigated and grafted.
D&MOGRAPHIG ITALXAJf
FARM STUDY No.32 Uvie ' -rlMft.
i ; o.
This farm was started i n 1939 by INPS and .s no* owned by the farmer. I t i s a larger demographic farm than those to lite west. This i s because i t i s largely under dry cultivation with only 2 ha. irrigable. In 195- no land was i n foot irrigated, the whole farm being under dry cultivation.
2« ^.4nfegr 9rq^p'
Dor ley
A l l dry. 1956/7 k ha. h ha.
1957/e 3 ha. U ha.
Groundnuts Lucerne (Perennial crop)
1956 0*2 ha. 0,02 ha.
1957 0»2 ha.
1950
Because of scarce water its are only Irrigated 7-8 times during a
it thin frequency i s increased enormously in the the summer i s extraordinarily hot 20 • 25 times.
I yerr I f
h. iilfcrue.. Jnt Oi*aiift and two lenons, planted near tl.e house.which arc ,~ivcn |0-12 I r r i g a t i o n s I yea*.
Xfeers ore 1,: ,; hard Shelled varict;.- troca of whic; are irasature. COO I N
vine a. Numbers arc remaining stationary e t 37.000 cowering
OJLiyes. There ore 1,1 Uh trees made op of 300 l o c a l v a r i e t i e s and 8hh I t a l i a n * they cower h5 ha., on k ha. of which they are interplanted with t h e eJUaond, 7Wi trees are immature. A 50 increase i n yi e l d s i s reported f o r the 30 olives which are i r r i g a t e d * HO g r a f t i n g i s being carried out. ,,.,-acalypts. 959 general f o r e s t r y trees have been planted but no increase i n numbers i s envisaged i n Vie future.
I n 1953 e w e l l was used eomraunolly Lugs 7 and 9. WX» w e l l i s about 60 metres deep with
the water ho metres belo?r the surface, A wind pump i s raiee the water and i t s capacity i s $*$ m3./hr. % the writer l e v e l has not dropped i n rcoen* years. I r r i g a t i o n I s by gra v i t y methods and there i s lho metres of canals which i s used sometimes t o water 0,2 ha. o f land. Sprinkler i r r i g a t i o n i s preferred i f possible. A now well was under eonetruetion i n August. 1253.
6* _lM$ur> oUj?£* Because of the scarcity of water the present tree crops w i l l be retained.
7. jg*j£|. I n 1956 and 1957 small patches of groundnuts were c u l t i v a t e d but i n s u f f i c i e n t water was available f o r i r r i g a t i o n , and y i e l d s wore very low. Dry c u l t i v a t i o n w i l l continue unleaa water can be r a i t e d cheaply by mechanical means. Koto th a t oven on a f a r a whore underground water i s ecrsree and the r a i n f a l l above 300 nam* i r r i g a t i o n of olives i s being t r i e d , a l t h o u # only on e very small scale. -K • ru:,Y No. |gi
Moolo l i a s s l l l .
This 52 ha. farm vac started i n 193§ by M The whole fars; can be considered dry since i n 1956 only
0*1 ha. were I r r i g a t e d . 5 ha. of land l i e fallow f o r the whole year.
5>. B U M cr»*§« *** 1956/7 1957/S host 3 ha. 1 ha.
Barlow 6 ha. 6 ha.
1956. 1957 19J* Groundnuts 0*1 ha. 0,1 ha. 0.1 ha. A few vegetable c are grown far « M l U c use. Irrlgatlan of groundnuts. 10-12 Irrigations i n an overage sunra 2C i f there are a large number of Ghiblis, 1? in 1958. 500 m3. i e given per hectare at each irrigation and y i e l d s are 10-12 ate.
Cltrue. 11 oranges and 2 lemons are found near the house. Saoh tree i s irrigated onoe a month with 6.3 ra3. ftjgWfllf - A total of 571 trees have been planted on this farm end 250 of these are not yet i n f u l l production. The total trees are made up of 70 hard and 30 soft shelled varieties. Vines. Numbers are stable at 20,000 on 11 ha. Qllyee. 773 trees are found on an area covering 36 ha.; however on 15 of these hectares olives are intermixed w i t h almonds. 150 trees apt iisaature and 200 trees are I t a l i a n varieties, 20 of them having been grafted with local varieties. There ie no irrigation of olives. uoalypta. There are no trees on the farm as yet but the farmer
nay well plant some in the future. IJpSkMflk^^ One w e l l has to be shared with
loTdTngo 3k and 35. I t i s 36 metres deep and the water l i a a h6 metres below the ground surface. The water i s raised by wind-mill and submersible pump, with very email capacity not — e s a i u i , 9*0} m J . A r . With such email demande on the ground* water reserves there i s no evidence of a eone of depletion evoiopin/;. Irrigation water ie distributed by canals and gravity
flow. 6. future v'arm Policy. Tlie farmer would like to i n s t a l l sprinkler
irrigation but he realises that this i s impossible under given conditions. He prefers tree crops, especially vinos and olives, recording to him, the almond does not find ideal climatic conditions i n this area.
7* Jj&Uk* Olives, vines and winter cereals seen to be the chief crops.
VMM WW la* fr» -' uioi'o : iov-oui • ntti V- •> • • * emo r'- ?hic 1 snifflfl
liolding HaVSfe. l l l l i ^ ' ' j J S ! orradlnl, 1. % f f i r a l Infonaatlon. Itfpu started this large farm i n Nov. 1939
and i t i s nor/ owned by the farmer. L i * | a l l the fame at Ohanima, this one only practises? dryland cultivation, since although 2 ha.
are irrigable only 0.2 ha, - i n t o cram, a h dry. Wheat Barley Broad beano
. - «
6*
was I r r i g a t e d i n 1955,
Groundnuts. Tripoli 2 <£giaiana;
1956/7 3 ha. k ha. 2 ha*
1956.
0*1 ha.
1957/8 0*5 ha. U ha. 0*5 ha.
1957 1958
0*1 ha. 0*1 ha. Vegetables, tomatoes and moist era grown i n small quantities for domestic use.
15~20 irrigations are given under average summer temperatures but this i s increased to 25 i n a year when Ghibli winds arc frequent; i n 1953 20 waterings deemed necessary. Tho amount of water given each tims high at l,cec m3„ Yselds are 12*15 £ts. per hectare.
ttM*> 3 lemons and 3 USD -
oranges round the farm-house for domestic
* A total of 1,023 hard shelled vsrloty trees of are not yet i n f u l l production.
Vines. There are 22,000 vines on 22 hectares* ••creased on this holding. Olives. There are 1,122 trees on the farm of which 200 are of the local variety and 922 I t a l i a n . Olives cover k& ha. of the farm and there i s no interplsntlng with the almond, 1*70 trees are s t i l l immature. Ho irrigation i s practised but 50 I t a l i a n tress have been grafted with Tunisian varieties* £djc^ta.$£. -ith 670 trees on the farm plantings are complete. i t mouLv and irrigation. The well hrie to be shored with fielding ?To. 5^. I t i s 72 metres deep and has water h6 metres below tha surface. The wind pump i s the me una of raising water 3-U ra3./hr. There i s ravity irrigation along 100 metres of canal, sufficient to irrigate 0.1 ha. The diariSter of the underground distribution piping i s 100 millimetres. .'Uturc, Papa XMlmVt* and vines. He wou
The farmer w i l l continue with olives, almonds should like to i n s t a l l sprinkler and go in for
more irrigation, but he realises fchat this i s impossible. Only a few vegetables are irrigated. Koj&g. Yields of groundnuts at 12-15 qts.Aa. are low, for farmers i n the west usually obtain over 20 Qts./ha. - low yields reflect insufficient application of water. This farmer has had 50
I t a l i a n olives grafted with • Tunisian v a r i e t y .
a. Ja
This daaampQ^hic fawn i s now owned by * 3: ha, are i r r i g a b l e , but i n 195t only 15 he.
war© in feet i r r i g a t e d ! thoro la thus about 30 ha. ox' dry c u l t i v a t i o n . JO he,of the dry land Hot f e l l o w f o r a l l the pm There i s a rotation on l b * i r r i g a t e d land. Olives end vino* are grown together.
2. &3i3mJeXea&* 1956/7 19$7/£ Dry Irrigated &ry Irrigated
•MH he* 1 he. ^ ha. 1 he. Barley 10 ha. - 10 he. Breed beans (totaan) * l to. - 1 ha.
(Spring) - 1 ho. Potato** • 0*2 he. - 0 #2 ho. Yields of irrigated wheat sro tisoe those or dry wheat*
3 * *m*ex. 1 9 5 6 . 1 9 5 7 19** aroandmita ~ Loecl 'Jfaito I ha. If ha. h hs. feouiy&iata* V i r i l e . MMh - 1 ha. 2 he. Sueem© ( f g f j i i l crop) 0.3 ha, 0.3 he* 0,3 ha.
• - l e f Hi* 2*0 ha. M he.
rSipn o i (tawmdants- X6»lf i r r i g a t i o n s under nemel aunaor l e n A i t l o M f i f - 2 0 i t a hot tmmcvt Vj% lb i r r i g a t i o n s . 300* 3 5 0 eg./ha. l a eiven at each I r r i g a t i o n .
130 oranges and 20 lorrons planted am 0.U ha. This p e T ^ i r r ^ a t ^ o r 8 y ^w^e^tad 20 tinea a year w i t h 1*00 133./he.
i* 100 aetiure trees of the fcsrd shelled verlot;, • 5 ho* ftufibere door so ting*
PJUXftl* 306 I t o i l Bis trees end %9Q local and Tunisian covering
irrigated cultivation. IteMlyHt * have already boon planted but futuse plantings aire not envisa^od. tfyfy Snarly a,nd tojjtfilflft* There i s one well ^ i t h an ovssposso of 25 ****** and a t r i v e l l s s l e n i of 20 stetres. 'She water-table i s & fcetres below the tSffSce at present and has dropped in recent years. The v a i l 1 a eepaeity i s 3° «3*/nr# and the 'tup* oloctric pant, i n the swposso ten fmip 26 *|./frr. tear ^assure sprinkler irrigation i s a Tollable for 1$ ha. anci tnero .is a 1QC s*3. atosag* to*. The aaLeaotar of the distribution pines i s 100 SttS.
5 o i^aftirA £?m /oiAax.
&3. 100
i»o detcila. 7* Hete*. i-ike naoy other farms* this one has a fall i n g
level an Ifca v e i l .
SOT£5 v i . telsatod 15 ha.
raer now owns this holding ane be .gable, although i n 1 9 5 ? no only vines are grown teg otto'.
ft* Irrigated 2 bo.
9 bo. 1 ha*. * 1 l i s * •» 1 ha.
1957/2 l * J Irrigated - 2 as. 9 to. 1 ha.
1 ho. 1 he. Spring
fro potatoes. Irrigated wheat yields W? tines dry cultivated wfcsat. A tmt vegetables are grown.
3. teaer crops. 1956 19*7 V)%
&»$*** 2 hn -
531
iwignj inh r,r 11*^^*- 1 6 . x ( irricationB i n nortaal year; I f - * - I: Riiibll year* 16 in 1958. » 03. i s given to oooh hector© at each Irrigation, making a total of 5,600 n3«/ho*
SJLUUA* tone-
JEUMt* W. he. end numbers ore doclininc.
2.
eti whenever possible under dry cultivation are being grafted «ith
olives. Tunisian and local olives oro preferred both for irrigated one dry cultivation. .'•^calyats. too have be&~ * '>nt©< but SS Majsj I Itja ^n-f-n^.. «SfSdi*. 31 octroo 1 7 h.p.
res, trivollasionl of 20 With SVSJMtSS Ol fne uater-table i s
* 7 h.p. elootrie pump has boon installed at the hottest of the ovotaposso sod i s oopoblo of raising 29 mUAm at e cost of >3»** fcilliomee per cubic metro. There i s 0 storage tank of 100 03. end sprinkler irrigation for 15 hs.
©• BB^PI BMP AiQjJiBy- indorsation given. 7* Lotos. Wheet i s only itrovr. under irrigation 1 the groundnut
o i s aoall and has fallen s i l e n t l y . Italian olives ther bsinc irrigated or grafted. OTC
Bfajsji iffflrffffiirr - >**»» a — ^ » f » Hull an JlnddsAa B B S - 5*. X " ' . 1 1 " "* fflliilil
irrigated• vises.
Ttiis fore i s now owned by the farcer, it i n on!
only intoreroppinc but In 1 9 ^ only 12 ho. were in foot
Ing io that of olives with
uheot Parley ^rood beans (Autumn,
v-aring) £totstooo
1956/7 1 ha. irrigated r ho. dry 1 ha. irrigated 1 ha. irrigated 0.2 ha. irrigates:
1997/B 1 ho. irrigated I lis. ury 1 ha. irrigotod 1 hs* Irrigated 0,2 ho. irrigated
h~$ tloes greator I f the crop I t irrigated, 1956 1957 1958
13 (Trip. 2) U ha. ha. *• ha. (Perennial crop) 0*25 ha. 0*25 ha. 0.25 ha.
1 ha. 1£ ha. 2 ha. • J on oT QgoandiHifcfl. 16»lt i r
auaKr aondltiona, but 16-20 i f there of Ghiblie. In 195T there were only lit i g a t i o n i s 350 o3./ha. foea drone.
litigations under no weal re i e a Men incidence ily 15 irrigations. Bach
SbUrufi. 75 orangee tod 25 lemons planted on i ht»| these S i irrigated IB tinea n rent sita WH *Wna< it each irrigation.
J | ha. with O l i v j i . A total of 329 trees, oaoe up of 150 I t a l i a n and 179 local or Tunisian. *he trees cover 20.7 he. of the farm and they are irrigated whenever possible since yielde or© uoro regular end oUmdont with irrigation. There i e no
I r*j t m wore; S3r>nt<x BSt SB SsjStMHUHii iJ
3no well B t t t n of 21 metres, the water*
table I s 30 netrea below the surface} this has dropped i n recent yettt. Water i t raised at a coat of 3*5»*f o i l l i e a t t paj n j . I f • 7 . electric Ml P statta] i t located l a the avensosao and hat t capacity of 29 ctf./hr. There i s a Olaaeter of distribution pipes l a loo
information given. 7* i'fiififl- Groundnut acreage steady; only 0 snail number of
citrus trees.
b. tf'ondufc Bt-Togor
like a l l the other fartio on the ondsfc his one i s now owned by the farmer* lie
consider a that 25 he. of lend could bo irrigated, but In 195f only 2 no. was in fact irricatod. 2f be, can be conaiucrod oo under dry cultivation each year. ?re# oropa fUMa.
2* i i i f i t o vrojm-
Uutuun) (..orinc)
19%/7
5 ho. dry 5 ho. dry 0#5 irrigated 0,5 irrigated
1997/f
5 ha* dry 5 ha. dry 0,5 Irrigated 0,5 irrigated
f*o potatoes-IV ? /
l o Groundnuts* Locemo (Perennial crop) 0*8 he* 0,2 he*
0,5 ho* 0,5 ha. and vegetables.
0.2 ha. 0*5 ho.
^ t r u o . 55 orange* and 5 lecxsns recently planted, with k5 treec already boorlag f r u i t . The farmer hopes to plant
the i'uti noro trees i n SSiOOLS- l i 1 ature troec GO; MM| I n jMMf H I shelled variety and one third soft shelled variety* 1f1nM 5 ho. with numbers doc lining. QIXXM* lt°72 local and Tunisian troec lnterplanted with nli-ionds and vinoa on 27*5 ha. of land. 90 olive trees are
^ueaiptc. There are a few trees already on the fon~ but i t
5. m m Ittliitlm* *here i s oris well* with an avanposso of JO motrss and a trivollesloni of 15 netrea. Water i a found at 92 metres below too aorfsea and the well in fact tape the f i r s t and aeeond aquifera. The well bee only cepeble of raising 5 i 3*/hr. Mater en the lend coat about 5 o i l l i e n e s a cubic tsetre* Irrigation l a by oanalo and •jeoswl* and there l a a storage tank of 100 B3-
6* ftltBjff f i lSi , ^ 1 f t V - The forx-er wants to i n s t a l l an electric ••>ur.-;p so tost he can introduce sprinkler irrigation for 10-1?
?• h&Sm> Only s s n s l l part of the faro l a under plant crops i n the suu-or beesuae of the scarcity of water. the winev
i s lnsdequate* If iRJfy fflfpDY. ftp;*.
i . ,o.:-.- . . .^ijtttipp. The fern i s near owned by the Xsmer. 4o he. of ins 1HB oould bo irrigated but in I95f only 12 be. u'ero in tost I f i l s u t o c . QMfi IS MMNMi U | o, Si I f f with vines, and olives with sliaonda.
19%/? 19*?/&
• i i W - 1 5u Barley ** hs. • 5 ha* road beano Mutonn) - 1*5 ha. - 1*5 ha*
(Spring) - 1 he. -
xiolda of irrigated wheat are five tinea as greet aa yielda of dry wheat.
V I * / w**vw ~ m
jacpap Crppff. 19% 1957 195T
local White 3 bo. 3 bs. 3 ha. Tripoli U s 1 ha* 1 ha* i L *J*!si ^ ^ lati sj s* INK *
lucerne (Perennial crop) 0*25 be* 0.25 ha. 0*25 ha. "omatooa 1 ha. 1*5 be. 1*5 ha. Other crops are asparagus, artichokes, various vegetables -carrots and anions.
ttiriag an everec© suceer 15-lf i f there l a a high incidence of
!; in 195T 16 irrigations vara given. The amount of vator given par irrigation l a 3 ^390 m3«/b*. Average yieldn ore m qts./he.
f * el 4* frt*_ — > j % 4f^4 ^.^^s^^-^it,j>, ^b^fc JT% JHL . % ^ ^ j i 'V 'W^ W A I A M M O* jBgp^j^jQaajHi* a-asta* **** \? w U ^ u s*** w\j»w i,i4.it* elMS^ r%?aejB +\jt ^ v - U covering 2 ha. of the trees ore lemons and the rest ere oranges. Citrus sra given 22 irrigations of boo ®$.Am. per irrigation - total amount fct9Q0 123./ho.
6 ho. with numbers dee lining. OJlxaa- boo local and Tunisian trees and 200 I t a l i a n covering 19 ha.$ 9 ha. of this area have olives growing with alnenda. ahenevor possible the olives are irrigated because yields are mere regular and abundant. Tunisian variety I s preferred.
There are s few trees on the fart and planting i a
.-y.-.-rj epd Jrj£:. , .. . well with avamposao 20 Metros «id IrtvolSaonT^ metres. The water-table i s 21 metres below the surface. Wall taps f i r s t and second sojuifcrsf water level has daapped in recent years. A J.5 h.p. electric pump hoe been installed anci this raises af m3*/hr. at a cost of 2* 5*3 edillenas par cubic cetro. .'here i s a 100 ©3. store r*o tank and low pressure sprints:lor i r r i g a tion i s i n use.
7* the wind-pump has been replaced by sn e l e c t r i c i>ump and iWTne. of s t r i a t e * crops can be grows*
l . ttpjsjnl 1MmM$tm- t>j Mai Ittrer, this fan .^3 30 ha. of land that could be irrigated but in 195? only 2.5 he. ware i n feat irrigated. 30> of the lend l a always under dry eultivstloni about 10 ha* of total land l i e follow each ;oar. ; lie. H land arc iutorcro-ec with olivoo six:
ninona* and olives and vines.
Uont 10 ho* dry
Barley 10 ha. dry
Brood boons (Autuan aovn) 0*5 ho.Irrigated -ins I N ) t f I M M i M
lio potatoes but o rev vegetablea*
3* ftTffltT Crffflt- 1996 1997
Bo groundnuts
Toaotoes 0«5 ha. 0.5 ho.
'•<•• asi** Of -buboceo.
1957/S 10 bo. dry
10 ho. dry
0.5 ho* Ur i fo ted 0.5 bo. irrigated
1958
0.2 ho.
0.5 ho*
^JJiXUfi- 233 Mtn ro trooa and k*h not yet producing. 20 leaoae and tho root oranges. 22 I r r iga t ions aro "ivoa o root v l t h WO Ej3./he. per i r r i g a t i o n - t o t o l • Ef800 n3./ho.
AtoSBdo. 1.850 trees, one t h i r d sof t ahelled variety ® two thi rds hard shelled var ie ty . A l l treea are i n f u l l production.
JttAti* 9 ha. end nuabere ore doereaslng*
QJUaao. lml% mature trees, o i l of local or Tunisian variety anc interplontod on h7 bo. Tunisian olives are preferred.
menlveto. There are a few trees on the fe rn but no tore w i l l bo pleated i n the fu ture .
'OVOL OMB rrUaUoa. Shore l a one v e i l with a o* end I t netrea t r l vel lasioni • The •wf ^ot)^^" • ™ ~**mm wot » OTf^"^^^OT"^^*»'»"OT» w " M voter-to ble i s 22 metres from the surf see and boa dropped
Tat only copal
©tor i s put on the land at a cost of approx. k
Gliffht ly i n recent years. The wa l l has a capacity of J0 t33./hr., but the vind pump l a only capable of rais ing 5 ;:;3./hr.
I l i a , OG per o3# water l a distributed by canals and Module*. There l a o storace tank of loo a3.
To I n s t a l l on e lec t r ic pucp I n tho
well and buy sprinkler equipment In order to i r r i g a t e 12-15 be* 7* llflfrfMli *his foroer w i l l very shortly replace hie wind m
wi th an e lec t r ic peep. At the nonent the si-all aaeunt of water l i f t e d i a barely au f f i c l cn t to supply the needs of the aeturo c i t rus trees, without taking into account his recent plantings of h9* young trees. On no at I t a l i a n f ame , except at abenlme, the number o£ vines i s declining.
This fare l i e s i n T r i p o l i jus t South o f . eheri uotel . I t i s owned by the Buns and KhoJo
f sadly and was at one time l e t to en I t a l i a n hut now a Ubyan, Abda Aeealea, rents i t at a payment o f £L63 a year. me fera l a 12 j i ab ia l#e« 1*5 ha.a i t i n consolidated end a l l o f i t U I r r igab le , -recc are BB&eroua anc are foOM WMK$
l i ab le lay^alfEwT!? e l on! i l x J h of the fens and tL the winter 19jJt/9 j l ab ia i . e . one th i rd or the f e r n . Rotation i s f o r 3 t years; lucerne the i i r s t sust-er, then perhaps wheat the following winter, then tobeeeo or peanuts end i n the second winter a l ighter crop ouch as vegetables* i<enarc i a applied, organic f l r a t then chenieal.
greet* All^wheat l ^ i r r i g a t e d f i n ^he^er lo^Hovo^ber 1 ?© the end of January 1~2 i r r i ga t i ons , February and i^rch once a wee! • 100 m3- per i r r i g a t i o n .
inly a quarter of a j i ab la i n 195E.
The fare i a too m i l to grow th i s crop* Autunn sown (6 months growing) 1 j l a b i a , tee i r r i
gation as spring sown (3 oontbs growing) 1 Jlabia, wheat.
3. On© Jicbio of Valencia typo groundnuts i s grown
oaeh y w r and the 19 5E crop had already been l i f t e d at the t ine of the v i s i t (August 195?)• Ofoundiiuts are i r r iga ted every 15 days whan NQog and every 10 days as the plant beeoaes bigger. At each i r r i g a t i o n every 3labia about loo B £ . i . e . 10 houra punning (tank Blue 55 his groundnuts the farmer was obtaining anything dnctres per kg. (although generally 10-12 -inotreo nor kg*)
on the local markets. ^gbapco. Uo tobacco i n 19$ but 2 j l ab ia were grown i n 1997-
twice a week aa i t grows bigger.
*&Xzs* woes not exceed § a j l ab la each year and i s only l o r hoi e consul ption
. ^ , j i t « g l IH Psbla ap rex. la grown enc!- HMN
3MIUWUW i wnite an important crop since i t supplies fodder f o r the esiaale on the fo re . Lucerne l a i r r iga ted every four days and l a given 200 nc. per j l ab ia at each i r r i g a t i o n , iucomc usst be given f e r t i l i s e r .
Um f tf | f r tgnt l f lH> Genorally 7*10 a«&. f o r a l l crops with flowers l i k e pepper, tonatoee. groundnuts, tobacco* In the corning the ground i s cold, therefore the crop does not receive such a shock whan i t l a given cold water.
?$&£LjjLk:-£> 60 trees, variet ies are Hasaury, Ba , ud l t To'buni and there l a una Khurra. Each tree yields 1.5-2 Qatar.
Olive. There are ho trees on the f a r t and a l l of them are local var ie t ies | Indurl and Leghlani. The olives ore i r r iga ted incidentally when the crops beneath thee are i r r i ga t ed , however i f there are no crops growing than the trees that selves ore d i rec t ly I r r iga ted . I r r i g a t i o n starts at the end of Spring and continues through the succor. Bach o l ive tree yields V)-5 Kstar (600-750 kg*,) , One aster of olives w i l l give two l i t r e s of a l l .
ooEWBsJat- 15 trees.
Aoyiaota. h trees*
&gA« 2 trees.
j±i^» uo table vinos wide;, together M M P kgs. of f r u i t a year.
which i s 16 M H H deep »nc boa 1*5 octree of water i n the bottom or i t . Water l a raised by o 2 h.p. cent r i fucel poop
&3«/br. which l a aituated just above the water and can raise 11 lie storage tank holda 1*5 cO* of water. In
r*o»plnc every day f or £ hours, 6 a.m. - 2 p.is. (tt r ^ . } . The uric l a only used during dry snails In winter and on a*
only 10 ma. l a used every Ai r i n ©entreat to the 80 03. used every day I s the aojamer. I r r i ga t i on i s by gravity f low vis earth channels and Jedtsla.
U t t l e change*
ram aeeoa to be f o l l y u t i l l aed throughout the year and plant crops and trees are grown very close together, the t o t a l amount of water used f o r I r r i g a t i o n l a a t o l l , but the m ount on e oer hectare basis i s l a r n c
no ca'jllo
"his I s a typ ica l 'aanyab*, a&aU l e area of which l a Irr igable* * hei*e i s
used by the farmer and he practises no rotat ion. There l a a considerable mount of interplanttag of herbaceous
2* BMW Qmni-
M t f J
Groundnuts
1957/B 1,000 eq. metres, i r r iga ted
l t000 aq. oatr03. i r r iga ted
1,000 eq. t etres, i r r iga ted
l f000 aq* Metresi i r r iga ted
1956 1957 im 1,000
500 aq. m* 600 sq. » . 900 aq. »•
500 aq. a. 600 aq. r - 500 aq, c .
1,000 aq. u« 1 )00 sq. n* 1*000 aq. at* Tobacco - the farmer l a allowed 2,5 o sq. metro* by the Tobacco onopoly but i n 195f ho did nob grow any.
.4 trim, trooc MPS
aoo productive treee cover 2,500 sq* a. 22 of the
m t U l i tto trees scettered eround the far*, i&gf i . trees*
SiPJfiK* -one.
4&fiaJ&&fig* «ono.
*e. i w e l l . .tote
s&* there l a one wel l which i s 7 ©tor- table at 3 nctres below the of 2b h .p . has been f i t t e d inside the
od by canale.
6.
7* 41 • A l l plant crops grown are i r r i ga t ed , t onoe the 'delu• i n favour of a dlesel nuao.
. The fanner has
one hectare of land l a i r r iga ted and $ he. Lea fa l low f o r the whole of the year* there i s rota t ion
but no detai ls ere given, * her baceous crops ore grown between t'-o troea.
• »arley
1956/7
t ha. dry
ha. dry
*otctor?n
( t r i p . »f) xoieo
1997/8 500 S Q . Metres
t » t
S Q . netrca t 1956 19# I f *
l 9 ooo sq* at* If000 sq. a* 500 sq* E . 500 sq* m. l,ooo sq* e* 300 cq. t i . 357 aq. a* 55t sq* a*
! v*)St '» |
hm Tea* Cmpp.
Breei covering 600 SQ* esaHPSg t f .if <
25 tree* of a l l type* of variet ies seettercd through-out the f a r o .
The wel l I t £ metres deep, but jlov the surface. Hater i s
l i f t e d by r> cow raising a «dalu» and i a distr ibuted by earth canals and 'icdaail*.
7* Groundnuta were introduced as e resul t of the good " artet conditions i n 19%. U t t l e Lore than 3,000 eq. octree SJ r ST
i r r iga ted i n the the •delu*.
ounhaslslni! the I m i t a t i o n s
MaVJfe The f a r t l i e s jus t to the test of the
to T r i p o l i near Sn-Setlla and between the railway l i n e and send dunes. The else of the fan; i s about lo,oco jednla.
2 & 3< 1997* The cultivated area w i l l be expended next yeas?*
5,000 jedula.
|» 2,000 Jedula.
[. 200 jeduls.
L* 1,000 ^edule.
IkKfaBBi* 2oo jedule.
I f the weather i s dry then t h i s crop i a watered f o r houra. Aasuning other crops are not i r r iga ted at the B Em
ante Utae tola ceaus 300 03. at each watering• x hie would coat about £ U . 15 kg . of seed ore applied oat 1,000 jodula. The y ie ld for the 5|00u ledula i s 30 qts . giving 6 q ta . per 1, 0 ^eduls. (ItSo r a t io )
tiZpMBtimtA* 2fooo jodula of groundnuts are watered f o r 15 hour a, l*a* U50 m3* at a coat of £U«5* #or 2 qta* sown do qta* are harvested* £LP i s received f o r a quintel W O ) .
gasjuu This i s a winter crop* I f there i s no rain the 500 jedula o f beans are watered f o r 10 hours being given 300 03. of water at a cost of roughly one idbyau pound. For one quintal sown there le a harvest of 20 qts*
The l.ooo cost
of £l£* Tobacco i s given acre water nor i r r i g a t i o n thsn any other crop*
The 2*. i> jedula ore i r r iga ted for 3 hours ami given » 3 . of water at a cost of 30 pieatros*
Jaloaa- The 200 Jedula are I r r iga ted the sane as tomatoes.
jther crops* such ns vegetables and aepper. are grown i n aooll Quantities-
^mJd&ua> The trees are three year old olives aeattered anong the 'jedula* - incidental watering.
5* mm ft>MUt jgtt ^rrir»UflR» In the middle of the fere there i s a wel l with water about 13 netres down tapping the f i r s t aquifer. A petrol BUST* lias been insta l led I I h*p.) wi th s capacity of 30 *3*/w« I t coat about ma to run f o r 10 hours and i t therefore coats about 3*5 sAllieftSjf to brine one &3« to the surface* Water i s distr ibuted f i r a t of a l l by on underground metal pipe. This then feeds in to concrete canals (these precast canals cost 10 piastres a metre) else -6#5* wide and 5* deep with a set c i r c u l a r cross-section. Water i s lead from these canols in to 1 J a t a r i ' wit DO; C wastage due to percolation. The ' j edev l ' on th i s fafsj vary i n slse but generally speaking they are rectangular 1 x 2 ft* wi th sn area of 1*5*2 sq* &•> The whole of the f a r t l a sore 10touo jedula so i t s size can be eatiesated i n the range of one to one and s hall ' hectares.
&• -uturo ^'ari- flaij-gy. The cult ivoted area w i l l be expanded next 0 *JFwfc* •
$ • i&S&a- A new ttsniya farm i n the i>une wetarn.
Thia l a a ataall farm of only four by the Kesarat of Agriculture, fee
m* are I g p f M j s j aja| tut; t y * 9 fen Mttejej i f M M l i en fa l low f o r s ix oonthst there i s no rotat ion and crops are grown interningled with trees.
2* yinteg crop*. In the years 1956/7 and 1957A dry and i r r iga ted wheat, barley and beans vara grown) a l l the grown i n the sane period ware i r r i ga t ed .
3* flMWfflT mWfr 1957 3
I ha. I
•2 ha.
•
ftf ha.
•25 ha.
«2 ha.
•66 ha.
lY6 a
.25 ha.
.66 ha. Ifrglgatsd every elgbt «ays.
A t o t a l of 30 mature and 200 iraasture trees s o w
92X2m* There are 300 trees covering 2*66 ha.( 200 ol ives are i&raoturc.
" f f f * P a w ^ f l f < / T ^ r ^ n n i s one wal l f taetree deep wi th the water-table 7 aatres below the surface ( f i r s t aqui fer ) . Bear the hottest o f the wal l there l a an e lect r ic pump of 1*25 h.p. I r r i ga t i on i s by channel and jedula.
7* tteUttV «**11 f e r n (with ha l f the land i r r i g a b l e ) , my well
KM
become ®ore numerous in the future. None of then rely on
• j I S M I M . ftawrtphifi tttoria tit*
1. ^ f lp t f f i l f r / t fBBt i^ f f f - A four hectare farm typica l of th i s settlement sehcmct 2 ha. are I r r igated each year v one ha. i t dry and one I lea fa l low.
2* &nj*§XisJEOioi- Wheat, barley, beena and potatoes are grown but no detai ls are given.
3* J3ttSMftr..jUrojO^ . kali BJB MMajsajij Misj
or local
19% 1957 195* 0.5 ha. 2*0 ha. 1.0 he.
1*0 ha. 0.5 be. t
0,5 hs* 0,5 ha. 0,5 ha.
0*5 be. 0,5 ha. 0,5 ha* (Perennial)
^XTigftUon. of flfflwflnjjtg. Once every eight days.
i t i f i r j y i . 150 treee spread over . 5 ha.; 50 are lsawture.
QlXsm* $-}0 t r««» spread over 1.5 ba.$ 100 trees being i—abore.
£ lg j | . i l v e treee.
5. HfltgT gB?njv BT\\ r r t f i t t o p . One wel l 10 metres deep with i t s water 6 metres below the surface. A 1,6 h .p . e lec t r ic pump l a ins ta l led at the bottom of the w e l l . A l l i r r i g a t i o n i s through canal t into •1edawi f»
?• l if t**!* A s l i gh t ly larger pump l a needed on t h i s farm because the water l a a metre deeper than on the previous falsi* A l l the forms at Maewaora have e lec t r ic pumpe.
Appendix iv«
i n degree* ?. entha i * U r Mean of oonthly
f o r the tteer i e i f f lU Period 1679-1936 (11 p.26).
WOT#«
Be*. Jen*
Si S 21 $ J
(Seeii for tiio sent. Oct* r*ov.
• Period 192^19^ ( U p*27>.
Aug. o*
AsiSia 0*an f o r the year 70°*. Period 192>36 (11 p.28). Sept* 8j Oct. mffV* mm* Jen. Feb. «er«
erne
tenth* welly mm of tontftly
( * N B f o r t t e | W 6 6 . 9 ^ . 1 6 year period. ( 1 6 )
t f : f ftOr* mm ^eb.
£ aaf*
aXJfettft for the year 69.37°*'. 11 year period.
I T Pflw
•Vi 50,0
n
I N| i
fenW <*••» l i t tat year 69.0M*. 6 year period*
Hi!-Jen« ¥ S — -
BJfo f*
^6
>6 ).1C
547
Appendix IVb
Rainfal l_in millimetres for Tripol i - Agrloultural Years•
Mote: Figures taken from Pantoll and Pi les at Libyan Meteorological Service: Calendar years converted to Agricultural years.
Sept Oct. HOT. Deo. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay Jure July Aug. Year
1879-80 8.2 30.6 61.8 169.6 67.7 107.0 33.7 24.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 505.4 1880-81 26.0 77.0 23.2 123.5 5.0 47.0 7.5 0.0 14.5 1.5 0,0 0.0 325.2 1881-82 1.0 50.0 31.5 137.5 92.3 79.0 38.0 9.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 440.4 1882-83 1.5 24.0 53.1 82.8 74.1 34.5 16.7 4.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 359.4 1883-84 11.0 48.0 86.0 80.0 94.0 8.0 16.0 0.0 7.0 15.0 5.0 4.0 374.0 1884-85 0.0 79.5 201.0 128.0 77.0 16.0 24.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530.0 1885-86 1.5 24.0 53.1 82.8 74.1 21.6 4.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 309.3 1886-87 38.0 0.0 4.0 108.0 51.3 23.3 4.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 284.6 1887-88 0.0 112.5 3.0 1.0 118.0 10.0 23.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 268.5 1888-89 1.5 128.0 66.5 4.5 20.0 31.0 18.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 273.5 1889-90 0.5 0.0 71.0 117.0 74.1 34.5 16.7 4.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 344.2 1890-91 1.5 24.0 53.1 82.8 74.1 34.5 16.7 4.4 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 375.9 1891-92 1.5 24.0 53.1 82.8 21.1 13.6 0.5 16.5 14.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 383.1 1892-93 8.8 27.2 160.6 34.0 138.3 71.2 46.4 14.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 501.6 1893-91* 0.0 84.5 41.5 217.2 204.8 55.5 25.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 633.1 1694-95 0.0 0.0 90.7 377.7 21.5 11.0 9.0 4.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 515.5 1695-96 2.4 11.3 22.3 129.9 180.3 41.9 52.7 36.9 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 485.6 1896-97 0.0 10.3 30.5 109.8 4.6 161.9 4.8 81.2 10.5 0.0 4.5 0.0 418.1 1897-98 1.3 54.8 45.8 154.5 21.6 63.3 23.7 8.0 1.2 0.0 2.0 0.0 396.5 1898-99 12.3 196.1 24.0 266.7 75.1 20.6 36.4 3.6 6.8 12.4 0.0 0.0 654.0 1899-1900 0.0 15.2 233.1 55.7 82.8 5.2 9.6 34.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435.8 1900-01 1.4 19.3 9.6 110.8 144.3 18.2 16.7 2.5 22.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 345.1 1901-02 0.0 52.0 29.5 13.3 100.0 13.0 47.0 0.0 22.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 276.8 1902-03 0.0 37.5 10.5 76.0 63.0 44.5 24.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262.1 1903-04 7.5 10.0 12.5 82.8 11.4.6 137.7 27.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 395.4 1904-05 53.7 81.4 63.1 91.3 74.1
60.7 55.8 8.1 6.5 34.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 471.5
1905-06 0.0 26.7 16.8 155.0 74.1 60.7 54.0 0.2 1.5 10.3 1.0 0.0 1.5 327.7
1906-07 93.5 27.7 189.8 82.8 153.7 33.6 19.3 38.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 640.2 1907-08 9.0 46.3 12.5 10.3 26.5 34.5 55.2 2.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 201.5 1908-09 0.0 7.0 40.0 88.2 114.2 20.4 11.2 7.5 6.6 0.0 0.0 28.1 323.2 1909-10 0.0 35.0 89.6 17.8 125.5 161.1 5.2 0.5 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 437.9 1910-11 28.4 0.0 1.3 54.0 117.8 42.8 41.5 26.5 0.0 1.0 2.5 0.0 315.8 1911-12 0.0 24.0 57.1 82.8 94.9 1.0 2.2 18.1 0.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 322.5 1912-13
22. 3j 1.7 165.6 100.8 43.2 85.0 19.7 1.0 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 447.5
1913-14 0.0 87.8 61.0 63.2 37.3 32.4 7.1 3.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 292.9 1914-15 0.0 10.5 79.7 27.0 24.6 33.0 16.6 6.2 3.1 4.0 0.0 0.0 204.9 1915-16 12.3 32.0 6.4 27.7 72.0 39.2 2.5 4.0 10.1 0.2 0.0 0.4 206.8 1916-17 0.1 2.7 60.7 28.1 44.8 73.0 3.9 2.7 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 220.8 1917-18 0.0 20.3 293.7 14.0 7.1 36.0 90.1 6.5 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.0 470.0 1918-19 1.1 63.5 51.3 131.1 123.6 26.9 32.9 6.2 23.8 1.3 0.6 3.6 465." 1919-20 1.3 44.8 45.3 109.2 29.2 68.5 11.9 0.0 2.3 1.4 0.0 1.0 314.9 1920-21 13.4 94.6 142.8 63.8 134.8 5.3 58.0 27.5 12.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 552.8 1921-22 8.7 24.6 103.0 206.3 27.4 19.9 12.1 5.1 5.1 5.6 0.0 0.0 417.8 1922-23 1.2 2.2 138.2 145.9 170.5 5.9 6.6 18.2 1.4 5.0 0.0 0.0 495.1 1923-24 19.0 2.7 110.5 37.4 61.5 3.5 2.1 0.0 10.6 0.0 9.3 0.0 256.6 1924-25 3.9 39.7 0.7 238.9 101.7 48.2 87.9 19.0 23.1 0.2 0.0 1.0 564.3 1925-26 7.2 148.9 104.7 20.8 65.3 59.7 25.1 24.7 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 460.3 1926-27 4.5 5.2 8.5 74.9 93.1 27.7 46.7 4.6 4.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 269.6 1927-28 0.0 1.0 3.3 15.9 104.6 72.0 0.8 4.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 202.0 1928-29 0.2 0.9 65.1 93.5 141.1 57.1 23.6 0.2 0.7 2.9 0.0 0.4 385.7 1929-30 91.8 1.5 20.3 33.9 28.0 66.6 11.4 7.6 13.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 275.3 1930-31 1.1 66.9 53.1 22.5 82.8 68.1 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 298.1 1931-32 42.9 5.0 23.5 127.2 91.1 46.1 16.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 359.7 1932-33 6.1 51.0 79.8 68.9 85.2 31.2 260.4 0.0 4.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 589.1 1933-34 0.0 0.0 29.8 115.4 99.6 63.6 12.1 0.1 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 323.3 1934-35 4.5 98.6 108.9 37.9 100.5 41.5 7.0 4.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 404.0 1935-36 3.7 3.6 37.2 75.7 11.7 2.5 2.0 35.6 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 182.8 1936-37 0.0 49.6 60.0 86.3 29.7 27.3 10.4 12.1 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 276.9 1937-36 5.3 16.8 34.5 92.1 136.3 99.1 41.8 41.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 468.3 1938-39 0.5 24.0 67.3 243.1 45.4 59.4 27.3 8.4 3.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 479.3 1939-40 2.5 0.0 123.4 26.6 38.2 0.0 5.8 9.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 207.3 1940-41 65.8 21.9 21.0 160.7 39.0 12.8 20.6 2.6 9.0 3.8 0.2 0.0 357.4 1941-42 3.3 1.0 83.7 70.8 35.9 24.1 15.8 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 235.3 1942-43 1.4 12.9 55.0 52.2 41.2 35.1 54.9 1.9 4,0 6.5 0.0 0.0 265.1 1943-44 0.0 49.6 194.3 21.2 209.6 68.0 14.7 28.6 0.2 8.4 0.0 0.0 594.6 1944-45 25.0 7.6 32.2 67.5 119.3 60.7 33.5 0.1 11.8 0.0 10.7 0.0 368.4 1945-46 0.7 107.8 116.2 132.8 36.0 13.8 16.7 6.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 430.2 1946-47 38.7 5.9 15.8 244.5 45.9 3.8 0.0 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370.7 1947-48 0.0 11.0 9.3 77.4 5.3 0.8 34.1 2.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 141.6 1948-49 8.2 12.6 182.0 124.8 511.8 1949-50 400.1 1950-51 273.7
314.9 260.7 379.1
1951-52 273.7 314.9 260.7 379.1
1952-53 .. 273.7 314.9 260.7 379.1 1953-54
273.7 314.9 260.7 379.1
1954-55 70I9 ili'.k 0.5 51.3 16.5 52.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 402.2
1955-56 i'.k 70I9 ili'.k 5k. 1 15.9 42.4 30.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 263.2 1956- 57 1957- 58
8.6 14.4 29.9 100.7 136.3 0.2 6.2 33.5 22.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 355.8
m App€9Q&l:; IV c
vS&M* Figures taken H W Fantoll
to AgricultureI years.
n i a j^of tae
. So** uoc* Jan. Feb. Apr* oy 3one July Aug, Year
1926/7 1927/B
1 9 ^ 1929/50 I M &9*»* 18*6 1930/1 1931/2 1*2 1932/3 1 9 3 3 A
-9
) * ,
• M
E*U
16*7 &2* i M « o
•2*0 M * 3
1936/?
1937/P 193 /9 193^*0 19*0/1 * M
lS**/5 1SW6 19M>/7 19**7/8 19*8/9
11*6 39.2 W>*9 17.5 0*0 16*0 3*9 10.S 35.3 28*5 i 3#a
0.9 21.2 97.1* 101.0 68.2 22.0
3*fc 66.0 b32J# 26.9 37.7
G.oj23.0 98.7 107.5 (67.6
0*0 ae.5%2.0 67.3 3^.r 1*3 ao.3 0*0
I d
23*3
1.0 9*1*
I6.b
62.1 9.0
1.5 1U.7 0.
16.** 0.U
6.5 27*5 91
ojoa.3
2.1
5.1
22*7
6.9
3.3 35*2
. •
13*1 29*9
33*£
U.8
7.9
27.1
8*3 1.0
. ^
32.9 $2k*6 jl0.9 ©*0
0,0
0.0
2.1
2*9 3.0 O.Op.O pfe7*9 1*8 >.o o.oto.o
33*1 tea (ee.6 7.e
5S*3| 1*7 26*1
**.e| i«6
66.2
93*1 M«2
26.2
8.0 800.6 5.2
22.5 63**» 26*3 1«**5 13.7
26.0
3**5
37*2 0.0
7**> 25*5 10*9 >*o Ik.l
sa.5b9*e je.o
3 .0
31.6 21*8 *»5*6
7*>.6
19*3 5*5 0*6
U3.91206.U 32.7
27* M
3 31*2
21.5
t**6 11.2 0.0 6.0
M *•
6.3 2.7
2.**
13*7
2.0 17.2? 0.5 Q»o 323*?
o.o p.o 3*7 PUI
0*0 0.0 Ml
:. 0.0 *i.e
0.0 0.0
$sf
0.0 0.0 )317*9
9**5
167**»
0*0 o.o
0*0 1*2 H96.2
0.0 o.ote.o 252.6
!
305.9 30 .6
112.9
3.7 o*0
0*0 to.o 1235.6 0.0(0.0 255.W
(0.0 153*9 0*01
0*0 to.o
fl.3 0.0
2.5 0
1*0 0.0 OA 0*0 1.5 0.0
r .010.0 J
0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
225*2 m
ieo.5 260.0
71*6
70*3 336*9
IVd
V " f j n i l \ J *ce? 0* flUiHI ling value.
653.2 **7.5 3^5.1 869.6 #•0.2 MfOA 327.7 . . . . . . »*37.9 325.3 2&5.1 55 .6 »*35.£ 323.3 263.2 5^9.1 323.2 263.1 56 .3 Me 320.5 262,1
^i7.r 315.8 260.7 0% .
31**.9 515.5 31iu2 235.3 511.S 29C.1 . . v . .
Jfeek 395.U 293.** att.6 **95.i 395.7 293 220.f W5.6 379.1 292.9 207.3 **79.i 376.2 2CO aej J ^71.5 37** 276.9 2t*.9 1*70 370,7 276,6 P | V * . 3 361 »h 275.3 flftftj »*65.9 359.7 273.7 i82.r
357A 273.5 1*1.6 355.2
5*1
APPENDIX I V *
• * • * * • • » • « * • • • • • • • • • • • • • « • « \i> m c . r„ K\co CM CM H H H CM rt r | C i H 6 ) W H H r l H H r-«CM*<\CM as; CMO>v0 O » A ^ r * . H v 0 CM CM O-jCMcOvO t r * 0 \ O UYO rt^Olrt * • • • • • • * * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • « CM CM iMcayjva CM CM r -co n y s -H a2V£ Q - ^ N . OVO H f^vovo CMVO !N.C?S O O S N - ^ O 'n«^fA«j3 O 0>m~JQ«> « n . c r t ( w ~ f - 3 - r « » . v O v o » - *H
H CM IH »^ »r> CM tt H CM <o o\ » i-- H -4 o r*. w\o m N . CMO • W C M CM-^vseo H fv . f s . t r tw o po>fsH4CMU^CM«SS»#
l v4 £>*
N. a \ H o CM «3rva r<*vo o o tf\mo <o o o \ f • • • • • > • » * • • * » • * « • • • • • CMj u w i A 4 v ) ffyg O f s v p N ^ ( h « N O m^f i iN iO
• • • • • • H"»CM CM l*V~J
CMi
I 8
i I
o^vfi-^ uNOvo i^ooova mu-\K^o -jf»s.'^vf\ir\»r»cr> o K^CO a a trio » • • • > • * • • • • » • • • • • « • * • • • * » • ScM^n^CM CM l*>CM CM H
f>—d*« * * • • • • < * • # »
4 0 f J N 4 0 H N \ 3 0 u ^ HC4CMCJWHCMCMHIH
-3-CM W O O CMVO f%0 O O * • • • • • • • • • •
PI
H O tP> K% tfVO h- H O* U"\v£> lA O CM -4 O CO O tf\cO -tf CM O C© f>» ,H O Q . ? C M V 0 H-4 CruTv^lfXO^ H O H N.r<eovO fs.U>Q|s. I
i CM CM CM CM *Sr-t *\ *\ITS^CM 3
a
i a? H y «s 3 os
5 g ? l
: IVf
ane iccuLiuloted ^eficifca fat --onno tad A jaafaall
I f It ~&U6 ana
H i WW
•2
.2 oil* 2
6 1
a
171
Appendix v» Key to dlagrea of water levels of certain ooloeted veils
taken free Italian logs.
1. 1 %olnt
5 Olivet! 7
5. 9 6, Seusur 11 7* aUi *mM% Cone, aherardi 16
••Jicii -oori. Cose. g*X«R«2»B«*» 17 i401ahe» Cone* 22
10, ToJlure, Cone. Cegn© 19 u . Castal vertcv. 39 12. 'WWeT^e%efceBew ee P »BFMHie* * 36 13- Garobulli, Cone. *>.A.T»M.A» I 1*, Gasr Khlnr.
B. Uiani B. Adem, Cone. Soto Cast 1** C* Aninln. Cone. .Icholi 15
X, nellaha, Cone. Higioroo If X. Aln Zara, Cone. F.A.T.IWU & Zm ee-sbee, Cone, iierebito 27
axrow heed is ondttoci then i t is only knoen thet the veil is kj 3ede ^ e J«L e QP9e9 J Ptt<ll55ieL& <t33? ; J53? ^S e
Vb Notae on the diagram of water l e v e l s of cert a i n selected
welle taken frorr, I t a l i a n logs.
! 11 11 ft* •* e* 'i* $• #• e-
1 •» t* Hit H 3111 • (M CM * • * ii\ ^ N N g O iT\
ft «- CM
O H O* j ^ f as A tes \£ CM co f 7 7 7 I *
o i I
H
H tfS
i CM
9 I I
O H O H & I Ml
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I J
y
550
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i I n i £ if t
w « tf> cj f t i 1 - J ?? s & s> • • • •
i i i | i i s
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L <9» 5
3
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i
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H i ! i ! 40 § $ 8 H
I A m CD '3 J
3 • 3 » "J3 3 I £r • K •? ^ ^ Q f / ? 3 $ 3 A i a
I $ I sA43i* Mi* 1 * • i l l i . - t S S 51 • - *
it i
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4 i
560
Appendix Vc
SELL DAT* • :AFACI ;i£.s MJALITT OP h " • - ZLA3i :t V H J * B L L ABD LOCATIOS DATE
COMPUTE R .3'T.T ALT I TIBS
tea-leva.
DEPTH or R L L
aatrca beloa surface
SlAXKTEl
BOLL-iBtn
DEPTH or AfiDIJill
belo*
STATIC LEVEL
antra a i n re la t l o n to
PUMPMC LETXL
I n r a l a t l o n ta
HATWAL PLOW
• 1 / f l r .
r a n . rum B V h r .
TSMP. P.
IPKIPIC lOPfiOCTAJKi. •toroatvoa at 23*o.
DISSOLVaV 30LID6
P.P.B.
BALI*ITT p .p .a .
B* 01
I . P la lda , P o l K a h*adqanrt*r* 1926 Pos i t i ve 1.3 5o i 251. MM r -o.1. 1 Z.4 - 40 - 75 6,000 10,95<t t Claaa 3
l . P la lda . B . t . o f Plalda t Foal t l v e T T t - . U - , 1 0 . - - •9 6,000 16,630 Claaa 3
I . I w r i , I oar* Harm* 1915 Poa l t lv* o.e 2ia 130 239 • 1.65 - 42 - 76 6,000 5,786 t Claaa 3
1. A g * l * t . 2 k M . a. o f 1940 Poal t lva * 872 160 — • 1*5 - 120 - 109 6,000 6,500 652 Claaa 3, poa
! . Sabrata, U, f a l e r n o 1939 h i l f l w *~ 19 664 216 1 •50 - 100 - W 5,900 3,962 1,611) CI a** 3, f a l l
i . Zeal*. C. p . l b l 19H1 P o a l t l v * UO 578 191 *60 - 73 - 130 • » 3.160 Claaa 3
ft O l l v e t l . C. P a t t o r l * me Poa l t l ** M SCO 160 (i96 •JO 157 - lOlt 6,000 5,966 2,143 Claaa 3, poo ) . O l l v o t l , I M P S . mo Pos i t ive T 541* 217 563 •42 - 270 - 110 •6,000 6,693 3,065 Claaa 3, poa ) . Salad, C. Ingagnoll 1937 P o a l t l * * 2k 252 226 233 • 2.65 - 18 - 64 14,500 2,960 969 Claaa 3j
10. Haancure 19W> •aaat l**
L I . I w i a r 1940 Pos i t ive IB 580 216 572 • 33 - 100 - 106.3 6,000 6,649 3,242 Claaa 3, poa 12. Oargarenh, C.Onot-tatc 19U0 Poa l t l** 11 541* 216 532 •50 - 140 112 3,200 655 Ola** 3, gtuc 13. Co l l l na Verde.
C, P t p l t O M 1939 Poal t lT* 31 1*95 192 452 •15 163 _ 96 3,600 2,296 872 Claa* J, goa
1U. Baanl Ban Aden, C. Sottoeess 1936 36 i*« 180 • 11.9 - 0.1k ss T t 3*703 Claaa 3,
vary poor
15. t i l t l i , C. KM eh* 11 1935 Sub-Artas 112 i|53 ' 323 -43.15 -50.15 " 300 60.5 f 1.957 332 Claaa 2
16. B l d l Hoer l , C. Oherardl 1917 Poal t lva 21 491 120 1.50 •42 _ 3O0 _ 92 6,000 3,996 f Claoa 3. f a i l
17. B i d ! Hear!,
c. M»i»M»* •42 300 6,000 17. B i d ! Hear!,
c. M»i»M»* 1936 Pos i t ive 31 740 216 •42 - 300 - l f i j 6,000 5,95 • 1,090 Claaa 3, f*U 16. Ha l l aha, C. B l g l o m o 193* Poa l t lT* 6 464 Ut7 •57 - 400 - 111 5,200 3,564 1,065 Claaa 3, r o l l
19. T a l l u r a , C. Cagao 19M Pos i t ive 7.2 1»B0 1*2 W7 • 56 - 270 - 106 5.0OO 3,562 1.U60 Claaa 3, f a l l
(0 . TeJIura, C. B . A . C . I . A . 19U) P o a l t l * * f ,700 1 t - 1 - 96 2,750 1.7U3 V Claaa 2
I t . * * j i « n , Q. s.A.C.I.A. 19U0 Poa l t lT* T ,U00 1 f t - 1 - 12? 5,900 3.6L1 f Claaa 3, f a l l
22. T a j l u r * . C. C l n l 1936 Poal t lT* 27.5 327 ISO 292 • 12
•27.5 - 6 12* li,10O 2,61,0 1,862 j !3. Sandal da t P o a l t l * * t 1 • * - 369 - t$k 1 t T Claaa 3, poa
ft. Ala t a n . C. PATaU 1939 flub-AFta* - l a n
60 368 t 349 -5 T - 100 69.6 T t 1,166 Olnaa 3, r a i l
; 5 . I t l a n i . C. laeao f Poal t lT* ' * 1 T t - 93 ii.liOO 2,906 t Claaa 3,
76. BiU aa-Bebt. C. A m u g l l arc 19*0 •agat lva 95 112 t
27. U r Sbee, C . Mora t l to 1940 Sub-Ariaa faBO • 269 -JO .P -42,2 - 60 62.1, I • 453 Onclaaalf led
76. S«k e*-3ebt, C . C o r t l n l 1956
Sub-ATtea - l a n - 393 305 -23.3 -43 - 106 62.li T 320 Unclaaalf led
29. i t - . c i t . . . C. Oatunl 1935 Poal t lve hi 260 250 251 • 20 - 1*0 - 96 2,226 1,020 Claaa 3, goa
JO. 11 9u*a, So*, r a m . *a. i.9 1933 Poa l t lT* 1 311 25O-30O - 100 - T 1 2,564 Claaa 3 , f * u
J l . 11 Ouaa, S O T . Para 195* Poa l t l** M>5 243-269 3H2-373
Ut f * T T Claaa 3, faU
J2. 11 Onaa, HOT . Para 195T P o a l t l * * » 1 L37-1M funh lng - 65.2 - 1 t t Claaa j , f a l l
13. 11 Ouea, O C T . Para 1956 Poal t lT* » I 213 gunning - 300 - 1 I T t C l a w 3, f a l l
J4. 0*». Pana ka 52 r r l p o U - O a r o b a l l l road 1956T Poa l t l ** T T glUhlng - f - t , T * Claaa 3, r a i l
15, Gov. Para ka 52 T r l p o l l - O e r a f c u l l l road , • T , » f - f - f t t Claaa 3, f a l l
<t. Oaar O a r a b n l l l , IRPt Ho. 1 SAaep raneh 1937 Pos i t ive 52 . t 193
163 161 •6.5 - m - 66 3,600 2,326 525 Claaa 3, goo
)?. Hear Oarabul l l Shaap ranch 195T Poat t lva | I f guaMng - T - f • t f Claaa 3, goo
J8. Oaar O a r a b u l l l , C. f a r ! a m 1937 Pos i t i ve 50.6 187.2 275 163 *• - 300 - 85 3,600 2,297 6u7 Claaa 3, goo
J9. 0*»r OarabulU, IKP8 ho. 2 19UO Bub-Art*a 05 338 198.3 -30.5 -55 - 16 f 1 t DDDlaaalflvd
*0. Jaar O a r a b u l l l , IMPS Ho. 3 19U0
Sub-Arte* 65 231 198.5 -17 -19.3 60 1 T . 603 Dnclaaalf lad
J 1 . Oaar O a r a b o l l l , 0 . P .A.T.K.A. 193 1
Sob-Arte a - l an 55.1 308 272 -14.5 - 2 0 . , 70 93 t f 760 Unolaaalf led
.2 . daar O a r a b u l i l . 1940
Bob-Art* a T 264
W7 I63 -2 .5 T - t 97 t T 670 Dnclaaalf lad
•3. Oaar Q a r a b o l l l . t P o a l t l * * 33 195 t •14.50 - - - I , T Onclaaalf lad
tii. Oaar Enter , C. Cale 193B Sub-Art** - l a n
e-0 376.5 -22 - 100 75 2,176 1,667 699 Olaa* 2
Appendix Vd
i*inly of tor Unit, VI a l l and fcaxey. X* UnuMfi ana needs rejor repair. 2he voter is of very poor
OttalitV is to eewee an%mmmm^m
helophytic vegetation^ cords are the only animal• that can drink i t .
3* Again this vail aearta major repairs but i t la s t i l l usee for catering stock. I t is situated 6 kilometres South-vest of ilslde. oat of the voter, which is very saline, runs to usstc one* sinks into the ground e short distance fron the ve i l . I t is doubtful i f i t esn bo uooc for agriculture since only extreme salt tolerant crops con be grovn. The
24iiet. 3* Shis vail is in a goou state of repair but Is in feet capped.
At ono tine i t vas uaad for agriculture and Drier to the var
chosen for cultivation hod poorly drained soils and saline conditions soon developed. I f good drainage could be established then eropa could be grovn, but only those which ore salt tolerant*
h* Tola vail l a located aEdd aand donee about tve vnnaaitiiai oouth of Agelat. Hare, vater is flowing from the veil and
• , : • set c MBflt** MM Haftai la ouito aaliaai fcejl
Mi
would probably be e l l right for soue of the i ore salt tolerant crops. rhero is a possibility that this voter
the shallower aquifers, but this entirely depends on the saount of water available in the Quaternary deposits.
5* water tmm this well on the Concessicne Fstemo was used at one t i t e to irrigate crops sod trees, although before being used i t had to bo missed with water free, one of the shallow aquifers. I t was reported however that crops suffered and even olive trees became stunted. As s result the wall was capped in IS**. This water could again be utilised i f mixed with sweet water and then applied to salt tolerant crops | i t could be passed straight sway to eahlle lands in the south-west, where i t could be utilised by stock. tSJ well i s In seed aandltlon and i s reedy for use.
6. attet.pta were node to use the water f re* tele well on the Belbi fare but these failed because olive and citrus trees were badly affeeted by salinity. 2he water was deexued useless end was diverted frot the fana and eventually the well was copped in 1921. ?ho veil needs sees repair before 3> w s sJii a€J U3C5C»- 5* t s ^
7* "tils well has not been used since I t was obstructed as a result of on sertheflsbs in 19*6. I t was reported that bolero lien i t s water Had been used to irrigate lucerne with fa i r results but that i t was too saline for tree crops. His) well needs major repair before i t can be used again.
6. This veil also va§ obstructed by toe 19 6 earthquake. I t is found on fsm no* 16 of the BIBS detographic settlenent at ul ivet i . ^ajor repairs are needed i f I t is to be used
9. In 1953 well was used for vsterl*aj stool; and irrigation. She water, which is sulphurous and moderately ealine, was irrigating grass and grain. *he well waa at that time in
i t up. 10. This is en unsucoeeeful well* 11* thia well is found in buildings north of the Trindi-Sawia
road at kilo 19* I t is capped, needs some repair and the water is noderately saline.
12. lie information available, the well would appear to he used for doaeatic purposes.
13* This is one of the few wells on the defara which is beine succesafttlly exploited by a private farmer• Water is being
to i t nixed with sweet water from a ahallow aquifer f i r s t .
evident* Two fams in fact use the water $ Coneeaaione • otoo
aai ^f.pnnrdoix MsiftflSeft 1U. This is ajallHarad a negative wall since although there ia
water under sufficient pressure to flow at the surface, yields ere negligible! further, ore i t needs tisflor repair.
15. Water in this well is sub-artesiaju *he vai l waa eaneed for
• time but was re-opened after the 1939A5 Wer and vater la new being punned from 3 0 isetrea depth. The water la of l s ^** Jl^*sLJ fe JJ ^ ss' J fcJi sQtflf i*s»3» trifeU^^ 5s? 83PJJ 3 ^ JJ 3lfels flRltss fl|
the sensitive tobaeao and groundnut* 16. This well needs major repair and is unused, but i t i s not
}*nown whether i t is Gapped* a ssJ J S s1 * J j Csjtllimfe r s O f 0 ^ CWtC d 0 J Q « sT^XiC'i 3» » j i j f l
of soma repair. At the monont this water is unused but since there is a good supply of sweet water free) the shallow
Vocational Agricultural Training Centre. 16* She well i s reported to now yield 350 m3 sn hour? this Is
sufficient to irrigate 3°-35 hsvseres of land or set i -irrigate 60-70 hectares. The SJHsr i s hot, sulphurous end moderator saline, located within the bounds of the American Air i*aae, Wheelus f i e l d , some of the water is used by the camp and a small amount by local farmers.
19* This sapped well la found on the Cagn© Concession south of Tejiura. Although i t needs slM repair i t s water is not terribly saline, and with a flow of 270 m3/hr. could be used to irrigate up to 20 hectares.
20. This well is found 2*5 I*** south of aghedolda Nursery, originally being an o i l test well, i t is now capped. The water i s fa i r ly good and the well is ready for use.
21* This, like the one above, i s a sapped o i l teat well on the a.A.c.I.A. Concession. The water is aaderetoly saline.
22. This veil is also on tba S.A.CJ.I. fans ami is situated on a h i l l . l ta capacity ia low, barely 8 n3/br., and i t is a>!4&1 S^iJ* LiUP ai Jflf fci Bft ^La&a?J ttC* 3 QJS ffc^y (NaVk
capacity could not bo increased by ptssping so that irrigation
23. This well at Sghedeldo has been capped because the water la toe hot one sulphurous.
2k. Ho inforcation. 25. Shis wall i s located en Concosaione Russo on the wiani-Ain
Kara read. Although i t needs some repair. Its voter, despite i ts temporetore, is beinc used in seel! amounts for irrigation*
26. This well was unsuccessful and dri l l ing on i t was suspended. t?» &o InfofMtlon.
29* Band Levis la f u l l of praise for this va i l . The artesian water is used extenalvely for irrigation without being oixed with shallow aquifer voter and furtberciore o i l kinds of crops
one of the best axai pies of the use of moderately saline water on Tripolitsnisn anils.
30.) These four wells have been drilled since 1953 at the Oovernmenl p i ) forage farm at SI Guee. The water smells sulphurous but i t
lucerne.
3k.) A new governoont fart has bean developed at km. 52 on the 35.) Tripoll-Gsrabulli man* % August 195t one artesian vei l had
been drilled and another was planned.
36* A w i l l waa drilled by the Italians on the »P£J or oaatelveiHie near the Bain TripoU-aaajf read at Kia. 56. attar the war the wa&l was unused and oost of the water flowed to waste except for a srusll amount which wee Mad by Igajal Itot ror art la Irrlgat* i a ejfl ajtjaii of leaaata. the water la comparable to that used at Concessionc Varianl <#) and when the Government Sheep fare was established this water was utilised to irrigate lucerne and in 19# about 6 hectares were under this crop. At the tlce of dri l l ing by the Italians the yield of the well was 290 ni/br. tut today i t is about 200 W0m
37* This is another well on the above faro which has oitly been drilled recently by the government. I t should allow the expansion of the Irrigated area to 20-30 hectares.
3$» The water free this well i s used for watering stock, for irrigation and for dooestic oonoutmtion. As at well no. 29 Mat crops, including olives and citrus, are Mag irrigated with *** eenereBat t t ens fB l ,M| **aal u
39* ko information. UO. lie information. Mi Ho W2, lio
U3, l«o information. This well has not been located anil is not
W*» I*o infortaaUon.
8M
metric
23tocG MtS C
10.000
A: v-* o
mite for oMvftSf olivo oil and oanm oil , iWlMttil for tho -«odufltiaa of ollvoe ond • * oat for tba ^vro nrooadlng 1557. Hp
8 rv
?
VI
MM 3t753 5t373
, *.,o $OfQt<© 490§QOO • • > » * • f .
? ? 500,000 • f UMI 90,000 «0©,0O0 - 6 , • t t t teQ&m t T t 676,000 t t
injo t t t r-v* t ?OO»OUG too»ooo t p ? T 3,342,/' f
• m * t '77-.-/ 2,411, .«> Mtt#«B •47 f f 9 ? 3,300,060
» 3 1,200,105 l,40T»4ce 027.380 IffIMB 2»6ot»583 -952 l»400,«"C 1,600,000 f t 3,030*000
3,644 7*253 " » 15
m m M |
ypH 07,211 15,060
* t p
M i l 135,174
13,000 9 «tF500 I 1*09 f t
3,16 3^ 3,000 1
IS 6,000 6 3 taoo t
0* SOB titashi? 35 if a,ooo 3? t f a i lu re 80 1*0,000 10 26 9?ooo
» 6 I 606 1 t * 180 10,000 1 |
2,000 i £ 8-00 m
ias 6O,O<J0 10,000 t*jr i : " ' i ' \ s < i r K ' irf;
30,000 t I
& 2 321*200 10? 11*2 f
K Sst l oca t e on 3@gom Haiti*
570
a a a urn** tm ww?
Total fto* «o«product!v# Total f i e l d s
i O t a l i&0* lie .productive *OM 1 *1 Qlt» S
Total So. Reproductive Total Xla ldf
Total No* f*o •productive *. .31 xielda
Total No* iic»i roductiv© •total aIOIQS
Total No*
Total Yields
5,000
P M qta* & 9 t
i t .
'2 7-35
l 2 f
% 0,2$
3t329*92
$ 8 107.!
1 3 » f l 2
ol9
no
at t76u I f l i t i 2.73* .8
4% A*>f Z*0/.> l f 6o3
12,123 6 tt73
iPatf
•52 27
5.000
1 • 1 '5*7 o
H Z f170
1^,301 * t J r
m
m
Septet ber •» 9 *030 3,300 October 7*o5o 600 10,115
&5,7M> 22, * 0 53t2to> C,770 20,950 90,250 ir,070
606 f7f» 1,200 *3,550 11,£00 •'Glirusr^ 622,170 53fC5o 1,520 7,ooo
£13,690 • 1,V0Q -Apr i l 337*000 • -
lM v50u Ml
m -July *
•* •
August «- •
T o m 3,^O,^f0 116,660 210,560 59*05?
September 19% 105 1 t October 1,577 716 €59 November 2,1*89 1,061 i>ocoob<3r M P 339 1,839 January 1957 M W **62 1,176 *'obruory 662 m 503 1 e r d i 1*05 159 Apr i l Iht 19 119
101 15 86 June • • • July * * AugUat ft) • September too 287 13 octobet 1,976 1,005 971
1,665 H i 955 ^eceaber 960 195 765 Jonuory 195C 1,012 366 M
mmm 3& | 1 lurch 195 A p r i l m *73
690 162 M i June 193 M
209 100 109 Ausuot 621 5M)
•7;J
• w untyy ^ i ^ ^ U f i ^n;x.rrL ..,c: f L ' .
United KingUoo 156 I K * 737 1267 32& Gen any U20 1299 — 16 1735 I t e l ^ 1099 109 153 66 2fc27 Holland 263 556 15 181 1015 HMU nzn 71 6 »*53 • 530 3©ig£un 196 53 • • 2k9 b l t a 167 I 51 - 219
awitasrland * 9) m • 157 swnce - 73 • ft 1S7 Austria 30 m m 30
&40 3300 1M39 160U (773
I t a l y 7 205 2016 W71 26 M l 50 30^3 U.K. I * • pjp l£»o 712 • 2306 Oopuany — 15^2 290 m - n 1532 Holland • 865 209 m 1 f t • 137^ - • 267 73 - 103 Mi h&? Tunisia • 17 PB • 397 m klk Belgian m 9* * • *» m *
• 10 • • m ft
France • • m ft
7 2639 JM09 5W. 1670 iMt© 7I4. 9376
r i c tons a. m<i/l i IMSUi
Stat is t ics f o r barlay and vheat are very unreliable and there are large discrepancies between figures suvplied by the Nszara cf Agriculture, and those taken f ree Agricultural Reports, Tithe sseesst ents and the Chief Administrator Report of the Foreign Off ice Working Party. When several conf l i c t ing figures are available f o r any given year, the one considered to be moat accurate has been Induced i n the table below.
1932/3 1933A
%
19^9/50 1950/51 1951/2
Ifff
22,000 32,000 63,000 30,000 Sljooo 3,000
32,000 $2jO00 16,000 11,000
26,500 1251000 95tO°o 71,200 1,700
22,010
I35fooo
7^1650 11,572 30,000 35.000 £0,520 76,125 37.100
3i 1 Joe 1 100
/ " II
1 TOO 11 ,200
i5oo ,5oo
5, ,H00 jtoc
{ $00 80
13] 000 m c. 0 000
P: I ,000 .200 1 ,000
i | 15 1 fi 000
17! i r ' ,UlC m ,221 EE S I
dlz IXb
metri
| c a r
MM IS 19^7/8 19^9/50
1951/2
i t i i v i 1955/6 1956/7 1957/8
ii5,oco 631
t 35,000
t
5U,8ll
22 ,7?€ Jg ,5% 1*8,076 10.900
9*u000) k2,630)
(100,00c) ( t ) (200,000)
{105,357} {110,000;
u5#0vt< 15,000-
870
i*o,ooo f
23#0CO 51,702
? 3,000
18,900 *5 ,WC 12,POO
(30,000) (S,U20)
(130,010)
[96,000)'
(132,708) (96 #01)0)
10,800 (114,000)
t
10,000 (30,000) ?
6,000 (uofooo) 9»209
? 10,05c 22,070 12,372 (37,8**6) I t J H (60,000)
19W5 mM 19U6/7 19ii7/8 19W9 19^9/50 1950/1 1951/?* 1952/3 1955/6 1956/7 1957/8
l,§oo 5.100
538 16,5''
;i»03c)
i+,800 (12.000) •
3,000*(12,000) 3,538 5,650 9i6C0
U,WT9 5,000
i 27 ,380) ,22,000)
• T . L r , ,
£,500 (£0,000) : /)•• t (3,ceo)
50a (7,120) f
1,600 {u,000) T
1,250 (5,000) i+,102 1,500 1 ,210
927 (32,9U3) 20( (20,5C< ) 2,
5,200
1,000 (6,500) 1,300 (3,500)
Ml
1,600 (3,500)
750 (3,000) 54c
f 1,75c 3,600 . ,150 (20,01*9) 2,200 (15,000)
3 &8i C !. ! l 86*30 &.5 3.0
J i C C S #•.1 Corrsdlnl 120.5
1U.0 9P.55
iieshian 5.75 Gierdiml 18.0 faice*- 96.0 Corredini 97.9
71.6 Siaachi 7t.3
1.5 Giordan! 5.0 tfLeca 181.05 Cerradini 69.0
39.5 Blancbi 9.6 iioshisn •
17*5 ;&cea 7**.2 Qorradini 96.0
39.0 Blanchi 6.0 liasbian 10,0 Giordani 30.0 ilccn 71.^
Corrodini 5f.o daatelverda 3.0
^77.19 t.65 iou,e 2*8.6£ 26.52 233.10 33.0 3.9* 33.0 C.5 lU.T^f 27**.16
3^5.06 26.39 291.57 2^.0 • *»
272.25 3.0C G .fy 2P3.65 22.37 201.31 16.**0 62.63 i£V2 2^.96
238.0 21.05 237.0 2:*f.o * «•
1MJ.2 i6«e 206.0 136.7 M.9 361.0
5.0 15.0 150.0 13.B 2P.2 U^.19
726.0 Mf.3 7Cr.o 97*2 m p
11W.0 77*6 l,OU3.2 ^ . 5 97.8 l,23i .1 - 32.6 657*0 Uo.o 67.02 1,260.5
203.0 133*88 29&9.o 2f9.0 » m
120,0 90.0 1,750,0 20.0 160,0 3,^0.0 25.0 32.0 657,0 eo,o 72.0 1,3M«0
1£9.0 1J&.0 2,3^0,0 172.0 m • 10.0 — -
SS m i " •bft*
«» 96.6 If513.63 Blanc h i 6.87 33a 230 .U 2,620.9* lioGblan • - I f . 17 215.0 OioPCOBl • ^3*32 5,050.53 .ilcca i M f c9.5 162.67 2f190.9P Corra<ilni 205.7 590.5 — m
10V.7 1,3<?>. LN n.e 5 *52 217.58 2,723.*$
iiaehlan 0.25 0.3 15.55 192.8 Qior&ani # • A 5.0 5 i*yif62.65 ^oea 7.85 30*0 17f.2 2, 71.0 CorreclDl *f39.o • *•
• • • 115.05 l t733.0 M 15.5 231.7 3,231.57
Hoshian - - 15»55 196.0 Ulon<ani 1.5 3.0 271.7^ 5f150.11 iiieoa 15-0 67.O 3,335.0 Cfcwradini U€.5 2.55 11.2
n 90.9 l a t i t a t Biancbl • a 213.8 3,0»f9.7 Oiahlai* • « 17.15 25F.0
1.0 2.0 226.5B S U 7 « 6 *lece 0.25 1.0 179A9 2,5f3.0 Corrauiui
/ I n 119.0 531.0 u m
o i i v o t t • 100.0 1,500.0 Bionohl • 250.0 3,600.0 Haohien - • 20.0 310.0 Giorcaci 250.0 3,P^*.o • » 166.0 2f39<>.0 Corradinl 150.0 65 .0 •» Cactolvoft* 10,0 **G.O • m
mm Apxxsndix I X ,
mm of Wmtm «*4 mmmmtJmJmMJmmmmm^ INPS
a) Wheat 1952/3 1953/4 1954/5 1955/6 1956/7 oj jye tP Dry
Irrigated L.imchi
Dry Irrigated
Jin Dry Irrigated
.Qlordanl Dry Irrigated
15tt>D
4.8 11.46
11.83
4.65 12.55
1.2 12.3
20.75 IS.2
15.09
3.1 14.0
12.85
19.0
13.8
14.29
15.4
2,0 18.16
15.0
14.4
15.5
15.22
Dry Irrigated
Dry Irrigated
3.7 13.46
3.88 13.87
4.47 16.78
2.87 Sal 1 0. 64 4.4
4.0 14.42
4.46
14.4
4.3
Dry Irrigated
PJJJM Dry Irrigated
Bianahl i>ry Irrigated
Irrigated
Irrigated ;i2«G
Dry Irrigated
Correalnl Dry Irrigated
5.77 12.11
2,45 21.0
2.30 8.17
2.36 M
2,37 8.59
2.32 10. 0
2.83 13.59
3.48 14.6
3.62 11.04
2.48 11.12
2,21 12.0
2.882 13.42
1.74 9.1
4.1 12.45
3.3 10.0 20.9
2.76 16.8
4.01 17.8
2.234 14,45
2.735 16.0
4,0
3.075 19.48
3.33 18.8
2.5 6 20.
2.66 18.65
2.662 19.41
2.1 2.29 1.41 2,94 2.962
Dry Irrigated
3.33
573 Appendix X
U n 8
I S
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