OWNER REQUIREMENT
NO DATA DESIGN KETERANGAN1 Jenis Kapal BULK CARRIER
2 Jenis Muatan PUPUK UREA
3 Payload 11250 ton
4 Kecepatan Dinas 11 knot
5 Kecepatan Percobaan 11.66 knot
6 Radius Pelayaran 532 nautical mile
7 Rute PALEMBANG - BANYUWANGI
8 Daerah Pelayaran INDONESIA
9 Bunkering Port -
10 Klasifikasi BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA
Owner requirementDWT 12500 TONPayload 11250 TONVs 11 KNOTDispl 14683.282 m3
Main dimension awal 126.1125.000 124.8130.000125.000
B 19.517T 6.939H 10.414
Perbandingan main dimensionL/B 6.4045153B/H 1.8740718B/T 2.812767H/T 1.5008854L/T 18.014409L/16 7.8125L/(2*B) 3.2022576L/H 12.002522
97% Lwl
Lkonstruksi 96% Lwl
Lwl
Lpp
DATA KAPAL PEMBANDING
No Nama Tipe Tahun Class Bendera DWT GT LOA LPP B H T Vs Power1 Antilles VI Bulk Carrier 2007 NK Panama 12,526 7,341 115.3 109 19.6 10.38 6.89 19.6 3,6402 Antilles VII Bulk Carrier 2007 NK Panama 12,523 7,341 115.3 109 19.6 10.38 6.83 19.6 3,6403 George Bulk Carrier 1999 NK Marshall Island 12,530 7,918 116 109 19.8 10.79 7.6 13.3 4,0004 Estesun Bulk Carrier 2006 GL Panama 12,530 7,959 116.53 110 19.75 10.5 6.89 11.8 2,9705 Amadore Bulk Carrier 1987 RMR Malta 12,840 8,253 125.91 125 20.5 11.34 8.12 12 3,8506 Rainbow Spring Bulk Carrier 1998 BV China 13,000 9,529 135.48 128 22.03 11.8 8.67 14.4 4,0007 Siam Victory Bulk Carrier 2007 NK Panama 12,509 7,404 115.3 109 19.46 10.35 6.65 14 3,6408 Siam Win Bulk Carrier 2006 NK Panama 12,519 7,404 115.33 110.25 19.54 10.67 6.7 13.3 3,6409 Sunrose E Bulk Carrier 2011 BV Italy 13,000 8,890 137.6 129 22.56 11.78 8.6 12 3,310
10 Thai Binh Bay Bulk Carrier 2010 VSR Vietnam 12,843 8,333 127.7 121.3 21.8 11.5 8.25 13.2 3,30911 Tvisha Bulk Carrier 1999 GL India 12,840 7,918 125.04 119 21.76 10.79 8 13 4,00012 BBC Indiana Bulk Carrier 2012 GL Antigua & Barbuda 12,823 9,627 122.52 116.5 21 10.62 7.89 15 6,00013 Vladmir M Bulk Carrier 2010 BV Panama 13,000 8,887 137 129.8 22.56 11.7 8.5 12.6 4,05014 Yamayuri Bulk Carrier 2003 NK Japan 12,523 15,128 117.92 112.08 19.59 10.56 6.5 14.8 4,60015 Infinite Wisdom Bulk Carrier 2003 NK Thailand 12,523 7,295 118.2 112 19.55 10.69 7.9 15.8 3,88316 J.A.W Iglehart Bulk Carrier 1936 ABS U.S.A 12,650 9,460 123.89 117.5 20.73 10.58 7.95 13 1,64117 Senata Bulk Carrier 2008 GL Liberia 12,796 8,289 123.55 118 20.98 10.75 7.96 14 3,31018 Harmony SW Bulk Carrier 2008 BV Panama 12,983 7,271 135.82 129.5 21.8 11.43 8.36 15.4 3,90019 Vine 2 Bulk Carrier 2007 RINA Malta 12,509 9,299 115.3 110.5 19.57 10.21 6.52 14.5 5,73720 Hayate Bulk Carrier 2011 BV Panama 12,900 8,158 132.9 126.8 20.6 11.2 8.3 14 4,44021 Maasgracht Bulk Carrier 2011 LR Netherland 13,000 9,524 137.4 130.8 21.4 11.86 8.86 15 5,43022 HHL Amazon Bulk Carrier 2009 GL Liberia 12,750 9,611 121.4 115.2 19.67 11 8 15 5,40023 Merwedegracht Bulk Carrier 2011 LR Netherland 12,970 9,524 135 129 21.4 11.4 8.1 15 5,43024 Johanna C Bulk Carrier 2009 GL U.K 12,947 9,530 133.1 127 21 11 8 14.5 5,40025 Julie C Bulk Carrier 2009 GL U.K 12,951 9,530 133.9 127.9 21.5 11.15 8.06 14 5,40026 Nuri Sonay Bulk Carrier 2006 BV Turkey 12,996 9,490 137 131 22 11.65 8.5 14 4,44027 Clipper Anne Bulk Carrier 2010 ABS Liberia 12,845 9,627 127.8 121.8 20.96 11.5 8 15 5,40028 Megan C Bulk Carrier 2011 GL U.K 12,961 9,530 134.07 128 21 11.35 8.05 14 5,40029 Mercy Wisdom Bulk Carrier 2003 BV Panama 12,950 7,373 133.12 129.06 20.6 11.12 8.27 15 4,200
30 Michelle C Bulk Carrier 2010 GL U.K 12,946 9,530 133.08 129 19.98 11 8.06 14 5,400
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,100100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
f(x) = 0.0410415008329836 x − 404.231205470055R² = 0.940774498827368
DWT dan LPP
DWT dan LPPLinear (DWT dan LPP)
DWT
LPP
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,100100105110115120125130135140
f(x) = 0.0413674173192281 x − 402.450492643113R² = 0.940034232448878
DWT dan LOA
DWT dan LOALinear (DWT dan LOA)
DWT
LOA
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,1009
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
f(x) = 0.00214391990522333 x − 16.3845206998601R² = 0.735517500689324
DWT dan H
DWT dan H
Linear (DWT dan H)
DWT
H
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,1006
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
f(x) = 0.00308802315454032 x − 31.6613996001164R² = 0.782564551313229
DWT dan T
DWT dan T
Linear (DWT dan T)
DWT
T
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,100100105110115120125130135140
f(x) = 0.0413674173192281 x − 402.450492643113R² = 0.940034232448878
DWT dan LOA
DWT dan LOALinear (DWT dan LOA)
DWT
LOA
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,1006
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
f(x) = 0.00308802315454032 x − 31.6613996001164R² = 0.782564551313229
DWT dan T
DWT dan T
Linear (DWT dan T)
DWT
T
NORMALISASI
DWT Mean = 12,789 DWT LPP B H T DWT 12500St. Dev = 195.9598 1.3443232 1.406977 1.155222 1.337095 1.378068
1.3596324 1.406977 1.155222 1.337095 1.465781 Lpp awal 0.041042 DWT -404.2312Lpp Mean = 120.6663 1.3239108 1.406977 0.953083 0.500135 0.340131 b awal 0.004234 DWT -33.41007
St. Dev = 8.291775 1.3239108 1.286375 1.003618 1.092131 1.378068 T awal 0.003088 DWT -31.66140.2580461 0.522646 0.245598 0.622617 0.420048 H 0.002144 DWT -16.38452
B Mean = 20.743 1.07454 0.884451 1.300762 1.561645 1.224083St. Dev = 0.98942 1.4310756 1.406977 1.296719 1.398336 1.72892 Lpp awal (Lppo) 125 Lpp 112.5
1.3800448 1.256225 1.215863 0.745099 1.655826 B awal (Bo) 19.51748 T 6.869501H Mean = 11.035 1.07454 1.005052 1.836429 1.520818 1.121751 T awal (To) 6.93889
St. Dev = 0.489868 0.2733553 0.076421 1.068302 0.949235 0.610092 H awal (Ho) 10.414480.2580461 0.200962 1.027874 0.500135 0.244622
T Mean = 7.832667 0.1712936 0.502466 0.259748 0.847167 0.083815 12.5St. Dev = 0.684049 1.07454 1.101533 1.836429 1.357508 0.975563 0.069389
1.3596324 1.035524 1.165329 0.969649 1.9482021.3596324 1.045172 1.205756 0.704271 0.0984330.7115404 0.381864 0.013139 0.928822 0.1715280.0335103 0.321564 0.239534 0.581789 0.1861460.9877875 1.065353 1.068302 0.80634 0.7708991.4310756 1.226074 1.185543 1.684127 1.9189650.5642313 0.739729 0.144529 0.336825 0.683186
1.07454 1.222135 0.664025 1.684127 1.5018410.2012317 0.659248 1.084473 0.071448 0.2446220.9214474 1.005052 0.664025 0.745099 0.390810.8040764 0.763849 0.259748 0.071448 0.2446220.8244887 0.872391 0.765094 0.234757 0.3323351.0541276 1.246255 1.270441 1.25544 0.9755630.2835615 0.136722 0.21932 0.949235 0.2446220.8755196 0.884451 0.259748 0.64303 0.3177160.8193856 1.012288 0.144529 0.173516 0.63933
0.7989733 1.005052 0.771159 0.071448 0.332335
12,400 12,500 12,600 12,700 12,800 12,900 13,000 13,10017
18
19
20
21
22
23
f(x) = 0.00423420420979615 x − 33.4100724609071R² = 0.703260073921478
DWT dan B
DWT dan BLinear (DWT dan B)
DWT
B
RESISTANCE
METODE HOLTROP
v = 5.658Fn = 0.162v = 0.000Rn = 595370370.370Cstern = 0.000CI4 = 1.000LR/L = 0.222 LR = 28.8662ρ = 1025.000 kg/m3
CB = 0.834CM = 0.997CWP = 0.896Cp = 0.836LCB = 2.722V = 15042.623V = 14675.729467653
( PNA vol II ; page 90 )
= 0= 0.0016= 1.269
S = 3718.935
= 126580.5116709 Newton
( PNA vol II ; page 92-93 )
Viscous Resistance (Rv)
ABT
CFO
1+k1
RV
Wave Making Resistance (RW)
22
d1 Fn λ cos mFn m
321W eCCC
W
R
ie =d =
===
= 21742.7321979 Newton =======
W =
( Practical Ship Design - Watson ; page 208 )
v =S rudder =
= 3343.455151873 Newton Bilge Keel =Bilge Depth =S bilge =S app =
===
= 151.6666990207 KN= 151666.6990207 Newton
C5
m1
C6
Rw m2
λ
C4
C2
AT
C3
C1
Appandages Resistance (RAPP)
Rapp = 1/2.ρ.v^2.Cfo.(1+k2).Sapp
RAPP
(1+K2) bilge(1+K2) rudder(1+K2) total
Total Resistance (RT)
RT
RT
22
d1 Fn λ cos mFn m
321W eCCC
W
R
B/T = 2.812767 L^3/V = 146.0517B/L = 0.150134 0T/L = 0.053376 L/T = 18.73499
4.503537 L/B = 6.660696L^3/V = 146.0517 T/B = 0.355522
0.1637982T+B = 33.39526
0
Ta - Tf =
L/LR =
1-Cp =
ABT/CB =
45.553-0.9
1.139-1.929-1.694
-7.82165E-071.0090.150
101
3.001151257331.9
( Practical Ship Design - Watson ; page 208 )
5.65815.179 1
111
65.0190.284
73.88889.067
1.41.41.4
c1 =
c2 =
c3 =
c4 =
PROPULSION
( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11
= 151666.699v = 5.6584Fn = 0.16158615
= 858.1908 kW( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11
w = 0.38488534k = 0.975t = 0.3752632
= 3.48056481T = 246566.548μh = 1.01564283μs.μb = 0.98
= 844.9731 kW( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11
μr = 0.98μ0 = 0.5D = 4.51027839Rn = 595370370μp = 0.49
= 1724.435 kW( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11
= 1759.627 kW( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11
μt = 0.975= 1804.746 kW
2453.772 BHP
MCR = NCR + 15 %
Main Engine = 2075.458 kW= 2821.838 HP
Genset Power = 518.8645 kW= 705.4594 HP
RT
PE
vA
PT
PD
Ps
PB
( propeller B-series = 0.5 - 0.6 )
( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-33 )
Engine Data
[ Adapted from : MAN B&W Diesel Engine ]
No. Type Eng. Main Data[ kW ] Bore Stroke Speed mep
1 12 V32/44CR 6720 320 440 750 25.32 12 V32/40 6000 320 400 750 24.93 10 L32/44CR 5600 320 440 750 25.34 9 L32/44CR 5040 320 440 750 25.35 9 L32/40 4500 320 400 720 25.96 8 L32/44CR 4480 320 440 750 25.37 8 L32/40 4000 320 400 750 24.98 7 L32/44CR 3920 320 440 750 25.39 7 L32/40 3500 320 400 720 25.9
10 6 L32/44CR 3360 320 440 750 25.311 9 L27/38 3060 270 380 800 23.512 6 L32/40 3000 320 400 750 24.913 8 L27/38 2720 270 380 800 23.514 7 L27/38 2380 270 380 800 23.515 6 L27/38 2040 270 380 800 23.516 9 L21/31 1935 210 310 1000 24.1
No. Typespeed (900 r/min) speed (1000 r/min)
BoreEng. [ kW Gen. [kW]Eng. [ kW ] Gen. [kW]
5 L21/31 1000 950 1000 950 2109 L16/24 990 940 855 812 160
Keterangan :Consumption Diesel Fuel Operation No
P Fuel oil * Lube oil * Cyl. No. H W L Dry mass 1100% 179 0.5 12 4039 3100 7195 70 3100% 183 0.5 12 4100 3140 6915 61 5100% 179 0.5 10 4369 2359 8603 58 6100% 179 0.5 9 4369 2359 7984 53.5 8100% 183 0.5 9 4490 2715 7530 51 9100% 179 0.5 8 4369 2359 7454 49.5 11100% 183 0.5 8 4490 2715 7000 47 12100% 179 0.5 7 4369 2359 6924 44.5 13100% 183 0.5 7 4010 2630 6470 42 14100% 179 0.5 6 4163 2174 6312 39.5 15100% 185 0.8 9 3565 2715 6405 39.5100% 183 0.5 6 4010 2630 5940 38100% 185 0.8 8 3565 2035 5960 36100% 185 0.8 7 3595 2035 5515 32.5100% 185 0.8 6 3595 2035 5070 29100% 190 0.8 9 3269 1820 5290 20.5
Stroke Cyl. No. A B C H Dry Mass
310 5 3959 1870 5829 3183 21.5240 9 3033 1680 4713 2495 13.1
Keterangan :Item Unit
Speed r/minmep barEngine power [ eng. ] kWGensets power [ gen. ] kWSpecific fuel oil consumption g/kWhSpecific lube oil consumption g/kWhCylinder number -Height engine [ H ] mmWidth engine [ W ] mmLength engine [ L ] mmDry mass engine ton
No. Type Eng. Main Data[ kW ] Bore Stroke Speed
14 7 L27/38 2380 270 380 800
Main Engine = YANMAR 8 L27/38
max Power =2380 kW3236 HP
Revolution (n) = 800 rpmWeight (ton) = 32.5 ( engine )
Dimensionl = 5515 mm
h = 3595 mm
b = 2035 mm
1 Main Engine (tercantum di katalog)
We = 32.5 ton
2 Gearbox ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 175 )
Wgr = 0.37(PB/n) n = 110 ( asumsi rpm propeller )
8.005 ton
3 Shafting ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 175 )
Ws = lp.0.081(PD/n)^2/3 ( asumsi material memiliki tensile strength 700N/mm^2 )
3.044 ton ds = 0.288 m
lp = 6 ( asumsi panjang shaft 6 meter )
4 Propeller ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 175 )
W prop = D^3.K ( asumsi material berbahan 'manganese bronze' )
6.423 ton z = 4 ( asumsi menggunakan 4 daun )D = 4.510
AE/A0 = 0.5 ( PNA vol II ; page 166 )
K = 0.07 ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 176 )
5 Electricity ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 176 )
Wagg = 0.001 x Pgen(15+0.014 x Pgen ) Pgen = 519 kWn Genset = 3 ( asumsi menggunakan 2 genset utama + 1 genset cadangan )
11.552 ton/genset34.656 ton
6 Other Weight ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 177 )
M = (0.04-0.07)P (t/kW) C = 0.15 ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 175 )P = 2380 kW
130.9
Wother = M.C
19.635 ton
TOTAL WEIGHT = 104.263 ton
Main Data Consumption Diesel Fuel Operationmep P Fuel oil * Lube oil * Cyl. No. H W23.5 100% 185 0.8 7 3595 2035
1 PK = 0.76 KW1 KW = 1.36 PK
( asumsi rpm propeller )
( asumsi material memiliki tensile strength 700N/mm^2 )
( asumsi panjang shaft 6 meter )
( asumsi menggunakan 4 daun )
( PNA vol II ; page 166 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 176 )
( asumsi menggunakan 2 genset utama + 1 genset cadangan )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 175 )
Diesel Fuel OperationL Dry mass
5515 32.5
STEEL WEIGHT
1 Superstructure Weight ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163-164 )Wsp = Berat Forecastle + Berat PoopWsp = 133.115 ton Cforecastle = 0.130
Cpoop = 0.075Hsuperstructure = 2.5
Lpoop = 16.875Lforecastle = 22.500
Bsuperstructure = 19.517Vpoop = 823.394
Vforecastle = 548.929Berat Forecastle = 71.361
Berat Poop = 61.755
2 Hull Weight ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 154-156 )
Wst = L.B.DA.Cs ( incl. Superstructure + Deckhouse ) Cso = 0.07015418.688
2073.82 ton u = 2.188Cs = 0.081
DA = 11.682Vsuperstructure = 1372.323
Vdeckhouse = 1411.616Cbd = 0.859
C1 = 0.103Vu = VD + VS + VB + VL
Vdeck = 19650.65564Vsheer = 0
Vcamber = 515.574Vhatchaway = 141.105
Vu = 20307.335
Wstr = 1657.4 ton
3 Deckhouse Weight ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-21 )
Wdh = 283.313 ton
4 Koreksi ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 157-158 )
Δ =
Bulkhead Construction = 41.435 ton( 2.5%Wstr )
Engine Foundation = 3.064 ton27PB/(n+250)(15+PB/1000)
Bulbous Bow = 0 ton
Double Bottom = 219.574 ton Hdb = 1.228Cdb = 0.1Vdb = 2195.737
HULL WEIGHT TOTAL = 2337.889 ton
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163-164 ) 112.500Lpp
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163 )( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 164 )( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163 )( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163 )( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163 )
m3m3tonton
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 154-156 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 154 ) V Layer II =ton V Layer III =( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 154 ) V Layer IV =( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 154 ) V Wheelhouse =( Harvald & Jensen Method, 1992 )m3 Hdeckhouse =m3 L Wheelhouse =( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 101 ) h camber =
C3 =VD + VS + VB + VL ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
(L.B.D.CBD)( asumsi kapal w/o sheer )
(lL.bL.hL)m3
( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-21 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 157-158 )
(L.B.b.C3)
( BKI vol II ; page 8-2 )( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 157 )
19.517 10.414 6.870 0.834 0.997B H T Cb Cm
642.946 15%*lpp*(B-2)*Hdeckhouse379.693 10%*lpp*(B-4)*Hdeckhouse248.067 7.5%*lpp*(B-6)*Hdeckhouse140.909 5%*lpp*(B-8)*Hdeckhouse
2.175 ( BKI 2006 vol II ; page 16 -2 )5.6250.3900.602 ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
EQUIPMENT & OUTFIT WEIGHT
Wo = KLB ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 168 )
515.993381770837 ton K = 0.235 ( bulker without crane )
Wo = 0.055L^2+1.63Vhold^(2/3) ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 168 )
846.56360295852 ton Vhold = 11706.56
Group I ( Hatchway Cover ) ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 170 )
Wh = 0.0533Lhatchway.Bhatchway^1.53 Bhatchway = 9.407Lhatchway = 18.750
30.84092.519 ton
Group II ( Loading Equipment ) ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 170-171 )
Wwinch = 24 ton
Wcrane = 48 ton
Wsling = 45 ton
Group III ( Accommodation ) ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 171-172 )
Wa = Ca.Acommodation Vol Ca = 65 kg/m3Vol Superstructure = 823.394 m3
Wsuperstructure = 53520.59 Vol Layer II = 642.946 m3Wlayer II = 41791.51 Vol Layer III = 379.693 m3
Wlayer III = 24680.07 Vol Layer IV = 248.067 m3Wlayer II = 16124.35 Vol Wheelhouse = 140.909 m3
Wwheelhouse = 9159.096
Wa = 145.2756 ton
Group IV ( Misc. ) ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 172 )
Wm = (LBD)^2/3.C C = 0.22 ton/m2
177.241412052082 ton
E & O WEIGHT TOTAL = 532.036 ton
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 168 ) 112.500 19.517 10.414 6.870 0.834Lpp B H T CB
( bulker without crane )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 168 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 170 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 170-171 )
n Crane = 2
Cwinch = 0.8 ton/lifting capacityCsling = 1.5 ton/lifting capacity
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 171-172 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 172 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 172 )
PERENCANAAN JUMLAH CREWPerencanaan Susunan ABK
I MasterCaptain (Nahkoda) = 1 orang
II Deck DepartmentChief Officer = 1 orangSecond Officer = 1 orangThird Officer = 1 orangRadio Operator = 2 orangDokter = 1 orangQuarter Master (Juru Mudi) = 3 orangSeaman (Kelasi) = 2 orang
III Engine DepartmentChief Engineer (Kepala Kamar Mesin) = 1 orangSecond Engineer = 1 orangThird Engineer = 1 orangOiler = 2 orangElectrician = 1 orangFitter = 1 orang
IV ServicesChief Cook = 1 orangAssistant Cook = 1 orangSteward = 3 orang
V Cadet = 1 orang
Total Crew = 25 orang
BERAT CONSUMABLE ITEM
1 Crew & Luggage ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
Wc&e = 0.17ton/person
4.250 ton
2 Main Engine Fuel Oil ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-24 )
Wfo = SFR.MCR.range/speed.margin SFR = 0.00019MCR = 2075
47.679 v = 11113.664 ton range = 1330
margin = 2.384Vf = Wfo/ρfo + koreksi ρfo = 0.95
koreksi = 4.786119.646124.432 m3
3 Auxilary Engine Fuel Oil
Wdo = Wfo.Cdo Cdo = 0.15ρdo = 0.85
17.050 ton koreksi = 0.802
20.05820.861 m3
4 Lubrication Oil ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-24 )
Wlo = 20 ton ρlo = 0.9koreksi = 0.889
Vlo = Wlo/ρlo + koreksi
22.222 Wlo/ρlo23.111 m3
5 Fresh Water ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-24 )
Wfw = 0.17ton/(person.day) ρfw = 1day = 5.038
21.411 ton koreksi = 0.856
Vfw = Wfw/ρfw + koreksi
21.41122.267 m3
6 Provision & Store ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
Wpr = 0.01ton/person.day 0.756day = 5.038
1.259 ton koreksi = 0.033
Vpr = Wpr/ρpr + koreksi
1.6661.699 m3
CONSUMABLE WEIGHT TOTAL = 177.634 ton
Vdo = Wdo/ρdo + koreksi
ρpr =
ton/kWhr ( average diesel consumption )kWknotnautical miles
ton/m^3
( 0.1~0.2 )ton/m3
ton/m^3
ton/m^3
ton/m^3
Displacement = LWT + DWT
LWT DWT
Machinery = 104.263 ton Payload = 11250 tonE & O = 532.036 ton Consumable = 177.6341 tonHull = 2337.889 ton +
+ 11427.63 ton2974.188 ton
Displacement = 2974.188 + 11427.63 = 14401.822 tonDisplacement = 15042.62
SELISIH = 4.260 %
HOLD VOLUME
ρ(fertilizer, acid phosphate) = 0.961 ton/m3Payload = 11250 ton
Volume Muatan ≈ 11706.556 m3
Bhatchway = 0.4B+1.6 ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 155 )
9.407 m
Lhatchway = 0.5L/juml ruang muat ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 155 )
( juml ruang muat = 3 )
18.750 m
Hhatchway = 0.8-1.3 m ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 159 )
0.8 m
1 Volume Camber ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
Vc = L.B.Hcamber.C3 L = 95.63 ( Lpp - Lpoop )
Hcamber = 0.390313.991 m3 Cbd = 0.859 ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 101 )
C3 = 0.602 ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
2 Volume Sheer ( asumsi kapal bulker tdk mempunyai sheer )
0 m3
3 Volume Under Upperdeck ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
Vh = L.B.H.Cbd
19650.656
4 Volume Hatchcoaming ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
423.315 m3
5 Volume Kamar Mesin ( Vkm )
1636.278 m3 Lkm = 16.100B = 9.759
Hdb KM = 1.474
6 Volume Aft. Peak Tank ( Vap )
248.999 m3 Lcollision bh =
b =x =
Volume Fore Peak Tank ( Vfp ) Lfore peak =
Frame space =301.085 m3 Laft peak =
B =
L excl. peak =
7 Volume Double Bottom ( Vdb )
1980.474 m3 L hold =
Hdb =
8 Volume Side Tank ( Vst )
Top Side Tank ( Vtst ) = 2.Lhold.Atst
2127.334 m3
Hopper Side Tank ( Vust ) = 2.Lhold.Aust
539.399 m3
9 Volume Hold ( Practical Ship Design - Watson ; page 61 )
Vr = (Vh-Vm)(1+s)+Vu 1+s =Vm =
16881.881 m3 Vu =
Vh =
10 Koreksi ( Vdb + Vst)
4647.207 m3
VOLUME HOLD TOTAL = 12234.673 m3
4.317STATUS = OK
Selisih Volume Total - Muatan ( ± 5% ) =
112.50 19.52 10.41Lpp B H
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 155 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 155 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 159 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 101 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
( asumsi kapal bulker tdk mempunyai sheer )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 156 )
7.200 ( Lpp < 200 ; 0.05 - 0.08 Lpp )
8.8881.688
8.888
0.705 0.800 ( L/500+0.48 ; BKI 2004 )
4.900 0.7009.759
98.712
82.612
1.228 ( BKI vol II ; page 8-2 )
Top Side Tank
( Practical Ship Design - Watson ; page 61 )
1.02 b = 4.155 (B-B hatchway)/2-0.93822.641
737.305 0.700
19650.656 Atst = 12.88 (b+0.9)*(b*tan θ+0.75)-(0.5*b*tan θ*b)*0.93
%
θ = 45°tan θ =
6.87 0.83T Cb
Hopper Side Tank
1.619775overlap = 2.5
w = 7.203 B harchway/2+overlap
(b+0.9)*(b*tan θ+0.75)-(0.5*b*tan θ*b)*0.93 1.000
Aust = 3.265 0.5*(B/2-w)^2*tan θ
h = 2.555 (B/2-w)*tan θ
h^2/2 3.265
θ = 45°tan θ =
PERHITUNGAN FREEBOARD
FREEBOARD CALCULATION( International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 and Protocol of 1988 )
L1 = 96%Lwl at 0.85H 0.85H = 8.852L2 = Lpp at 0.85H
L1 = 97.825L = 106.250 m L2 = 106.250
B = 19.517 m
h = 85%H8.852 m
h = 8.852 m
Cb = 0.799
1 Freeboard Standard ( table )
Tipe Kapal = B
Freeboard = 1386.75 mm
2 Koreksi ( Ship Construction - D.J. Eyres ; page 336 )
Fb2 = 0.965 mm ( 24 < L < 100 )
Fb3 = 1508.548 mm ( Cb > 0.68 )
Fb4 = 391.570 mm ( h > L/15 )L/15 = 7.083
R = 221.354 ( L < 120 )
Koreksi Bangunan Atas L[ m ]
hs = 8.413 m 30 or lessls = 39.375 m ( h > hs ) 75
125 or morels < L ( gunakan tabel ) 106.250x/L = 0.371
% = 21.000Fb5 = -291.218 mm
% Total Panjang Efektif Superstructurex / L 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
I 0 5 10 15 23.5 32 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
II 0 6.3 12.7 19 27.5 36 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
Line
Kapal dengan forecastle dan tanpa bridge
Kapal dengan forecastle dan
bridge
Koreksi Sheer
Fbsheer = 0 mm ( tdk ada sheer )
3 Minimum Bow Height
Bwm = 56L(1 - L/500)(1.36/(Cb + 0.68)) ( L < 250 )
4307.314073 mm
TOTAL FREEBOARD ( TOTAL Fb ) = 2.997ACTUAL FREEBOARD ( TOTAL FbA ) = 3.476
MIN BOW HEIGHT ACTUAL = 5.976 mMIN BOW HEIGHT = 4.307 m
% Total Panjang Efektif Superstructurex / L 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
I 0 5 10 15 23.5 32 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
II 0 6.3 12.7 19 27.5 36 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
Line
Kapal dengan forecastle dan tanpa bridge
Kapal dengan forecastle dan
bridge
L Freeboard [ mm ] 130.000 19.517 10.414 6.939 125[ m ] Tabel A Tabel B Lwl B H T Lpp
90 984 107591 999 1096 0.834 0.997 0.896 0.836
92 1014 1116 CB CM CWP CP
93 1029 113594 1044 115495 1059 117296 1074 119097 1089 120998 1105 122999 1120 1250
100 1135 1271
Standart Height [ m ]Raised Quarterdeck Other Superstructure
0.9 1.81.2 1.81.8 2.3
1.575 2.113
% Total Panjang Efektif Superstructurex / L 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
I 0 5 10 15 23.5 32 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
II 0 6.3 12.7 19 27.5 36 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
Line
Kapal dengan forecastle dan tanpa bridge
Kapal dengan forecastle dan
bridge
mm
% Total Panjang Efektif Superstructurex / L 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
I 0 5 10 15 23.5 32 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
II 0 6.3 12.7 19 27.5 36 46 63 75.3 87.7 100
Line
Kapal dengan forecastle dan tanpa bridge
Kapal dengan forecastle dan
bridge
TABEL FREEBOARD STANDART Tinggi Superstructure standart[ Adapted from : International Convention on Load[ Adapted from : International Convention on Load
1966 and Protocol of 1988 ] 1966 and Protocol of 1988 ]
Length of shipsFreeboard [ mm ]
L
Tabel A Tabel B [ m ]
80 841 88781 855 905 30 0.9 1.882 869 923 75 1.2 1.883 883 942 125 1.8 2.384 897 96085 911 97886 926 99687 940 101588 955 103489 969 105490 984 107591 999 109692 1014 111693 1029 113594 1044 115495 1059 117296 1074 119097 1089 120998 1105 122999 1120 1250
100 1135 1271101 1151 1293102 1166 1315103 1181 1337104 1196 1359105 1212 1380106 1228 1401107 1244 1421108 1260 1440109 1276 1459110 1293 1479111 1309 1500112 1326 1521113 1342 1543114 1359 1565115 1376 1587116 1392 1609117 1409 1630
Standart Height [ m ]
Raised quarter
deck
All other superstructure
118 1426 1651119 1442 1671120 1459 1690121 1476 1709122 1494 1729123 1511 1750124 1528 1771125 1546 1793126 1563 1815127 1580 1837128 1598 1859129 1615 1880130 1632 1901131 1650 1921132 1667 1940133 1684 1959134 1702 1979135 1719 2000136 1736 2021137 1753 2043138 1770 2065139 1787 2087140 1803 2109141 1820 2130142 1837 2151143 1853 2171144 1870 2190145 1886 2209146 1903 2229147 1919 2250148 1935 2271149 1952 2293150 1968 2315151 1984 2334152 2000 2354153 2016 2375154 2032 2396155 2048 2418156 2064 2440157 2080 2460158 2096 2480159 2111 2500160 2126 2520
Prosentase pengurangan untuk kapal tipe " A "[ Adapted from : International Convention on Load Lines
1966 and Protocol of 1988 ]
Total Panjang Efektif Superstructure
x . L 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0 7 14 21 31 41 52 63 75.3
Prosentase pengurangan untuk kapal tipe " B "[ Adapted from : International Convention on Load Lines
1966 and Protocol of 1988 ]
LineTotal Panjang Efektif Superstructure
x . L 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
I 0 5 10 15 23.5 32 46 63
II 0 6.3 12.7 19 27.5 36 46 63
Prosentase
Pengurangan
Kapal dengan
forecastle dan tanpa bridgeKapal
dengan forecastl
e dan bridge
0.9 1.0
87.7 100
0.8 0.9 1
75.3 87.7 100
75.3 87.7 100
STABILITY CHECKING
19.1.1. Input DataWeight = [ long ton ]Length = [ feet ]1 feet = 0.305 m
L = 426.509 ft LWL/1 feetB = 64.034 ft B/1 feet
Bw = 64.034 ft (maximum waterline breadth = B)T = 22.538 ft T/1 feet
Dm = 34.168 ft H/1 feet= 0 ft
= 0 ft
(∆ (ton)/1.016)= 14657.674 long ton
(length of superstructure which extend to sides of ship)= 129.183 ft (Lpoop+Lforecastle)/1 feet
d = 8.202 ft Hsuperstructure/1 Feet= 0.834
= 0.896
(midship section coefficient at draft H = CM)= 0.997
19.1.2. Perhitungan Awal(Vertical prismatic coff.) Cb/Cw
= 0.930(Area of waterline plan at designed draft)
= 24471.346(Area of immersed midship section)
= 1438.634S (Mean Sheer) (Ld*d)+(0.5*L*(SF/3))+(0.5*L*(SA/3)
= 1059.572(Area of vertical centerline plane to depth)
= 15341.177D (Mean Depth) (S/L)+Dm
= 36.653F (Mean freeboard) D-T
= 14.115 (Area of waterline plane at depth D maybe estimate from A0 and nature ofstations above waterline) 1.01 . A0
= 24716.060
SF
SA
∆0
Ld
CB
CW
CX
CPV
A0
AM
A2
A1
19.1.3. Perhitungan Koeffisien GZ∆T ∆0+(((A0+A1)/2)*(F/35))
= 24575.82ϑ ∆T/2-∆o
= -2369.77A2/(L*D)
= 0.981(Am - B*F) / B*D
= 0.22835*∆T / (A1*D)
= 0.94935*∆T / (A2*B)
= 0.876CW'-[(140*ϑ)*(1-CPV'')/B*D*L]
= 1.023T*(A1/A0)-1) / (2*F*(1-CPV))
= 0.115D*(1-(Ao/A1) / (2*F*(1-CPV'))
= 0.255jika CX'>=0.89, maka = 9.1*(CX'-0.89), jika tidak = 0
= 0KG = 21.81 VCG TOTAL/1feet
3.1 factor h1f=0 = 0.479
f=0.5 = 0.485f=1.0 = 0.583
untuk h1, h0 dan h2jika 0<=f1,f0,f2<=0.5, maka = (f=0)+(f(1,0,2)-0/0.5-0)*((f=0.5)-(f=0))jika tidak = (f=0.5)+[(f1-0.5)/1-0.5)]*(f=1)-f=0.5)
h1 = 0.482KG' (D(1-h1)∆T - ϑ )/(2*∆0)
= 16.00GG' (KG’ – KG)
= -5.813.2 factor h0
f=0 = 0.473f=0.5 = 0.479f=1.0 = 0.542
= 0.474
(1-h0)T= 11.852
CW'
CX'
CPV'
CPV''
CW''
f0
f1
f2
h0
KB0
(KG’ – KB0)= 4.150
3.3 factor h2f=0 = 0.455
f=0.5 = 0.465f=1.0 = 0.474
h2 = 0.455[(∆T*h2*B)/4*∆0]-[ϑ^2/∆0*(17.5/(A2-(70*ϑ/8)*(1-CPV''))]
= 11.841= 0.069 (CW-0.833)/(0.903-0.833)*0.01+0.060
= 15.072 C1*L*Bw^3/(35*∆0)
= 0.090 (CW''- 0.884)/(0.954-0.884)*0.01+0.07
[CI'*L*D^3/(35*∆0)]+[(Ld*d*D^2)/(140*∆0)]= 4.374
(KB0 + BM0 – KG)= 5.116
(KB0 + BM0 – KG’)= 10.922
G'M90 (BM90 - G'B90)= -7.467
[9*(G'B90-G'B0)/8]-[(G'M0-G'M90)/32]= 8.078
(G'M0+G'M90) / 8= -0.294
[3*(G'M0-G'M90)/32-3*(G'B90-G'B0)/8]= 1.003
19.1.4. Perhitungan Lengan Statis ( GZ [ feet ] )
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin(0)*(PI/180)= 0
b1*sin(2*0)*(PI/180)= 0
b2*sin(4*0)*(PI/180)= 0
b3*sin(6*0)*(PI/180)= 0
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 0
G'B0
G'B90
CI
BM0
CI'BM90
GM0
G'M0
b1
b2
b3
Heel Angle ( f ) = 0
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 5
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -0.506
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 1.403
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.101
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= 0.501
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 1.298
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -1.008
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 2.763
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.189
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= 0.869
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 2.434
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -1.503
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 4.039
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.255
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= 1.003
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 3.284
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -1.986
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 5.192
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 10
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 15
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 20
b1sin 2f
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.289
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= 0.869
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 3.786
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -2.454
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 6.188
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.289
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= 0.501
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 3.946
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -2.903
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 6.996
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.255
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= 0.000
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 3.838
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -3.331
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 7.591
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.189
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= -0.501
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 25
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 30
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 35
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 3.570
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -3.733
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 7.955
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= -0.101
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= -0.869
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 3.254
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -4.106
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 8.078
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= 0.000
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= -1.003
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 2.969
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((5*PI())/180= -4.448
b1*sin((2*5*PI())/180= 7.955
b2*sin((4*5*PI())/180= 0.101
b3*sin((6*5*PI())/180= -0.869
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 2.739
Heel Angle ( f ) = 40
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 45
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 50
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 55
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -4.757
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 7.591
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.189
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= -0.501
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 2.522
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.029
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 6.996
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.255
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 0.000
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 2.221
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.263
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 6.188
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.289
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 0.501
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 1.716
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.457
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 5.192
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 60
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 65
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 70
b1sin 2f
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.289
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 0.869
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= 0.894
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.609
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 4.039
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.255
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 1.003
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= -0.313
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.719
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 2.763
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.189
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 0.869
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= -1.898
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.785
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 1.403
b2*sin((4*30*PI())/180= 0.101
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 0.501
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 75
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 80
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
Heel Angle ( f ) = 85
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= -3.780
GG' sin 1f GG'*sin((15*PI())/180= -5.807
b1*sin((2*15*PI())/180= 0.000
b2*sin((4*90*PI())/180= 0.000
b3*sin((6*15*PI())/180= 0.000
GZ GG' sin 1f + b1sin 2f + b2 sin 4f + b3 sin 6f= -5.807
19.5.1 h[radian] (karena jarak sudut yang dibuat 5, maka dimasukkan = 5 / (180/phi)
= 0.0873
seperti simpson dari 0 - 10 derajat 1/3*h*(a+4*b+c)= 0.2218= 0.5631= 0.6809= 0.5439
= 2.0097
19.2. REKAPITULASI PERHITUNGAN STABILITAS
unit : metric
Lengan Statis ( GZ [ m ] )
GZ0 = 0.0000 105 = 0.3955 20
10 = 0.7419 3015 = 1.0011 4020 = 1.153825 = 1.202830 = 1.1698
Heel Angle ( f ) = 90
b1sin 2f
b2 sin 4f
b3 sin 6f
19.5. Perhitungan Lengan Dinamis ( LD [ feet.rad ] )
19.5.2 LD
10O
20O
30O
40O
LDTotal
Lengan Dinamis ( L D [ m.rad ] )
LD
LDTotal
35 = 1.088140 = 0.991745 = 0.905050 = 0.834855 = 0.768660 = 0.677165 = 0.523170 = 0.272475 = -0.095380 = -0.578685 = -1.152190 = -1.7699
Sudut MaksimumGz max (nilai maksimum GZ dari semua sudut 0-90)
= 1.203
= 6
= 25Titik
X1 = 20X2 = 25X3 = 30Y1 = 1.1538Y2 = 1.2028Y3 = 1.1698
Hasil perkalian matriksa = -4.618b = 0.348c = -0.004
= 40
e [ m . rad ] GZ q max
0.2075 0.1658 0.0417 1.170 40
Standards of IMO Regulation A. 749 (18)
[ feet ] [ m ]
5.116 1.559 Accepted Accepted Accepted
Kolom ke- (nilai terbesar tersebut pada kolom ke berapa)
Heel at Gz max (pada sudut heel berapa)
q max [ Xo ]
30o 40o 30o - 40o 30o [ Xo ]
GM0
e0.30o
>= 0.055 e0.40o
>= 0.09 e30,40o
>= 0.03
130.000 19.517Lwl B
0.834 0.997CB CM
(maximum waterline breadth = B) 2.722 14528.972LCB ( %Lpp ) V
(length of superstructure which extend to sides of ship)(Lpoop+Lforecastle)/1 feetHsuperstructure/1 Feet
L.Bw.Aw
Bw.T.Cx
(Ld*d)+(0.5*L*(SF/3))+(0.5*L*(SA/3)
D = 0.98*L*Dm+S
0.949f = 0 f = 0.5
Y
0.500 0.333 0.5000.522 0.340 0.516
jika 0<=f1,f0,f2<=0.5, maka = (f=0)+(f(1,0,2)-0/0.5-0)*((f=0.5)-(f=0)) 0.581 0.360 0.5610.643 0.380 0.6130.706 0.400 0.6680.768 0.420 0.7250.830 0.440 0.7890.891 0.460 0.8560.954 0.480 0.9331.000 0.500 1.000
0.930f = 0 f = 0.5
Y
0.500 0.333 0.500
0.522 0.340 0.5160.581 0.360 0.561
CPV' =
CPV' CPV'
CPV =
CPV CPV
0.643 0.380 0.6130.706 0.400 0.6680.768 0.420 0.7250.830 0.440 0.7890.891 0.460 0.8560.954 0.480 0.9331.000 0.500 1.000
[(∆T*h2*B)/4*∆0]-[ϑ^2/∆0*(17.5/(A2-(70*ϑ/8)*(1-CPV''))] 0.876f = 0 f = 0.5
(CW-0.833)/(0.903-0.833)*0.01+0.060 Y
C1*L*Bw^3/(35*∆0) 0.500 0.333 0.500
(CW''- 0.884)/(0.954-0.884)*0.01+0.07 0.522 0.340 0.516
0.581 0.360 0.5610.643 0.380 0.6130.706 0.400 0.6680.768 0.420 0.7250.830 0.440 0.7890.891 0.460 0.8560.954 0.480 0.9331.000 0.500 1.000
Line 1 Line 2
Cw CI Cw'
0.500 0.024 0.5000.569 0.030 0.5780.668 0.040 0.6550.754 0.050 0.7310.833 0.060 0.8070.903 0.070 0.8840.958 0.080 0.954
CPV'' =
CPV" CPV"
seperti simpson dari 0 - 10 derajat 1/3*h*(a+4*b+c)
= 0.0676= 0.1716= 0.2075= 0.1658= 0.6126
Lengan Dinamis ( L D [ m.rad ] )
Roll Period [ s ]B G'Mo Period
19.517 10.922 4.7
Standards of IMO Regulation A. 749 (18) Status
Accepted Accepted Accepted OK
h30o >= 0.2 fmax >= 25o GM0 >= 0.15
10.414 6.870H T
0.896 0.836CWP CP
14892.196 213.401Δ MTC
f = 1.0
Y Y
0.335 0.5000 0.33510.340 0.5106 0.3400.360 0.5447 0.3600.380 0.5838 0.3800.400 0.6302 0.4000.420 0.6804 0.4200.440 0.7393 0.4400.460 0.8109 0.4600.480 0.9000 0.4790.500 1.0000 0.500
f = 1.0
Y Y
0.335 0.5000 0.3351
0.340 0.5106 0.3400.360 0.5447 0.360
CPV'
CPV
0.380 0.5838 0.3800.400 0.6302 0.4000.420 0.6804 0.4200.440 0.7393 0.4400.460 0.8109 0.4600.480 0.9000 0.4790.500 1.0000 0.500
f = 1.0
Y Y
0.335 0.5000 0.3351
0.340 0.5106 0.340
0.360 0.5447 0.3600.380 0.5838 0.3800.400 0.6302 0.4000.420 0.6804 0.4200.440 0.7393 0.4400.460 0.811 0.4600.480 0.900 0.4790.500 1.000 0.500
CI'
0.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.080
CPV"
TRIM CHECKING
KB/T = ( 0.9 - 0.36Cm ) ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-18 )
3.717 m
CI = (0.096 + 0.89Cwp^2)/12 ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-19 )
0.068 IT = 65284.8
CIL = 0.35Cwp^2 - 0.405Cwp + 0.146 ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-19 )
0.064 IL = 2749091
BMT = 4.493( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-18 )
BML = 189.214
LCG = 55.331 mLCB = 55.687 m
KML = KB + BML ( PNA vol I ; page 34 )
192.932 m
GML = KML - KG ( PNA vol I ; page 39 )
186.287 mTrim = Ta - Tf = (LCG - LCB)L / GML
TRIM = (0.249) ( trim buritan )
BATASAN TRIM = LCG - LCB < 0.1%Lpp LCG - LCB 0.1%Lpp0.356 0.113
112.50 130.00 19.52 10.41 6.87LPP LWL B H T
0.834 0.997 0.896 0.836CB CM CWP CP
2.722 14528.97 213.401LCB ( %Lpp ) V MTC
V = L.B.T.CB MTC = V*1.025*GML/(100*LWL)LCB at Lpp = 53.187 LPP/2-LCB%.LPPLCB at Lwl = 55.687 (LWL/2-LPP/2)+ LCB at LPP
TONNAGE MEASUREMENT
Gross Tonnage ( Practical Ship Design - Watson ; page 367 )
( Ship Construction - D.J. Eyres ; page 330 )GT = K1.V ( inner shell )
V = Vh + Vu6657.269 m3 Vh = Underdeck Volume
Vu = Vsp + Vdh + Vhatch + VcamberVh = 19650.656
Vsp = 1372.323Vdh = 1411.616
Vhatch = 423.315Vcamber = 313.991
Vu = 3521.244V = 23171.899 m3
K1 = 0.287
Net Tonnage( Ship Construction - D.J. Eyres ; page 331 )
Vc = 12234.673d = 6.939D = 10.414
K2 = 0.282K3 = 2.082N1 = 2N2 = 23
NT = 2729.408 m3
K2.Vc(4d/3D)^2 >= 0.25GTStatus = OK
NT >= 0.3GTStatus = OK
GROSS TONNAGE = 6657.269 tonNET TONNAGE = 2729.408 ton
SUMMARY
Design Parameter130 meter CB 0.834125 meter CP 0.836
B 19.52 meter CM 0.997T 6.94 meter CWP 0.896H 10.41 meter LCB 2.722 meterρ 1.025 ton/m3
WEIGHT CATEGORY ton VCG LCGHull Structure 1657.388 7.729 53.356
Superstructure 133.115 11.664 56.182Deckhouse 283.313 16.438 10.497
Outfit 532.036 11.664 28.444Machinery 104.263 2.358 13.657Total LWT 2710.115 49.854 162.137
Payload 11250Fuel Oil 113.664
Auxiliary Fuel Oil 17.050Lube Oil 20
Fresh Water 21.411Crew & Luggage 4.250
Provision & Store 1.259Total DWT 11427.63
Berat Total Kapal 14137.75Displacement 14675.73
Margin (2 - 10%) 3.666 % OK
Lwl
Lpp
Resistance 151.667 kN
Main EngineDaya Mesin 2380 kNTipe Mesin YANMAR 8 L27/38
Panjang 5.515 meterLebar 3.595 meterTinggi 2.035 meter
MAIN DIMENSION CONSTRAINT(s)L/B 6.405 OK hambatan MIN MAXL/H 2.813 OK kekuatan memanjang 3.5 10B/H 1.874 OK stabilitasB/T 2.813 OK stabilitasL/2B 3.202L/T 18.014H/T 1.501
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 160 )
FREEBOARDTotal Freeboard ( Fb ) 2.997 meter
OKFreeboard Actual ( Fba) 3.476 meter
Total Bow Weight 4.307 meterOK
Bow Weight Actual 5.976 meter
STABILITYe [ m . rad ] GZ q max Roll Period [ s ]
30o 40o 30o - 40o 30o [ Xo ] B G'Mo Period Status0.2075 0.1658 0.0417 1.170 40 19.517 10.922 4.67
GM0 Standards of IMO Regulation A. 749 (18)Status[ feet ] [ m ] e0.30o >= 0.055 e0.40o >= 0.09 e30,40o >= 0.03 h30o >= 0.2 fmax >= 25o GM0 >= 0.15
5.115557 1.559221875 Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted OK
HOLD CAPACITYVolume Muatan 11706.556 m3
Volume Ruang Muat 12234.673 m3 OK
Margin = ± 5%
"LWT" CENTRE GRAVITY CALCULATION
1 Machinery Weight Centre Gravity ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
VCGm = Hdb+0.35(D'-Hdb) Hdb KM = 1.474D' = 4
2.358 m Lshaft = 6Lmesin = 5.515
LCGm = Lap+Lshaft+1/2Lmesin Lap = 4.900Wmesin = 104.263
13.657 m
2 Hull Weight Centre Gravity ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163 )
VCGhull = (58.3-0.517*(0.824-Cbd)*(L/H)^2)*Ds*0.01
7.729 m
VCGhull = Ckg.DA ( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 150 )
6.601 m ( w/ superstructure & deckhouse )
LCGhull (%) = -0.15+LCB ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
2.57253.356 m
3 Superstructure & Deckhouse Centre GravityWsuperstructure = 133.115
VCGsp = 11.66 m Wpoop = 61.755Wforecastle = 71.361
VCGdh = 16.438 m Wdeckhouse = 283.313Hsuperstructure = 2.500
LCGpoop = 8.438 m Hdeckhouse = 2.175
LCGforecastle = 97.500 m Wdh2 = 129.040Wdh3 = 76.205
LCGdh = 10.497 m Wdh4 = 49.787
LCGsp = 56.18235 m Wwheelhouse = 28.281
4 E&O Weight Centre Gravity ( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
VCGo = H+1.25 We&o = 521.398
11.66 m
LCGo1 = 25% at LCGm LCGo1 = 130.350LCGo2 = 37.5% at LCGdh LCGo2 = 195.524LCGo3 = 37.5% amidship LCGo3 = 195.524
LCGo = 28.444 m
"DWT" CENTRE GRAVITY CALCULATION
1 Crew & Luggage
VCG = (W.VCG)/Wtotal crew = 25berat/crew = 0.075
12.842 m total berat = 1.875Lhold = 82.612
LCG = (W.LCG)/Wtotal Lap = 4.900Lpoop = 16.875
8.663 m Hpoop = 2.5LlayerII = 16.875
LlayerIII = 11.250LlayerIV = 8.438
Hlayer = 2.175
2 Fresh Water
VCG = 0.737 m Wfw = 21.411Vfw = 22.267
LCG = 5.495 m Hfw = 1.474Bfw = 12.686Lfw = 1.191
3 Lubrication Oil
VCG = 8.642 m Wlo = 20Vlo = 23.111
LCG = 3.300 m Hlo = 3.545
Blo = 3.622Llo = 1.8
4 Auxilary Engine Fuel Oil
VCG = 8.642 m Wdo = 17.050Vdo = 20.861
LCG = 1.500 m Hdo = 3.545Bdo = 3.269Ldo = 1.8
5 Main Engine Fuel Oil
VCG = 8.642 m Wfo = 113.664Vfo = 119.646
LCG = 5.100 m Hfo = 3.545Bfo = 18.751Lfo = 1.8
6 Provision & Store
VCG = 10.914 m Wpr = 1.259Vpr = 1.70
LCG = 15.375 m Hpr = 1.0Bpr = 0.6Lpr = 3.0
6 Hold ( Fertilizer - Acid Phosphate )
VCG = 5.944 m payload = 11250
LCG = 59.208 m
LWT TOTAL WEIGHT = 2963.550 tonDWT TOTAL WEIGHT = 11425.259 ton
"LWT" VCG TOTAL = 9.242 meterLCG TOTAL = 43.606 meter ( thd AP )
"DWT"VCG TOTAL = 5.972 meterLCG TOTAL = 58.372 meter ( thd AP )
LWT + DWTVCG TOTAL = 6.645
meter ( thd AP )LCG TOTAL = 55.331
( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
( BKI vol II ; page 11-1 )
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 163 )
Whull = 1921.461Cbd = 0.859
Ds = 12.789
( Ship Design for Efficiency & Economy - SCHNEEKLUTH ; page 150 )
Ckg = 0.565DA = 11.682
( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
Superstructure VCG LCGPoop 11.664 8.438
Forecastle 11.664 97.500
Deckhouse VCG LCG
V layer II/(V deckhouse*W deckhouse) Layer II 14.437 8.438V layer III/(V deckhouse*W deckhouse) Layer III 16.612 11.250V layer IV/(V deckhouse*W deckhouse) Layer IV 18.787 12.656
V Wheelhouse/(V deckhouse*W deckhouse) Wheelhouse 20.962 14.063
( Chapter 11 Parametric Design - M.G. Parson ; page 11-25 )
Ruang Akomodasi VCG thd base line LCG thd APPoop ( 12 org ) 11.664 8.438Layer II ( 8 org ) 14.002 8.438Layer III ( 2 org ) 16.177 11.250Layer IV ( 2 org ) 18.352 12.656
meter ( thd AP )
112.50 19.52 10.41 6.87 0.83Lpp B H T Cb
SuperstructureVCG Poop = +0.5𝐻 𝐻𝑠𝑠VCG Forecastle = +0.5𝐻 𝐻𝑠𝑠DeckhouseVCG Layer II = +𝐻 𝐻𝑠𝑠VCG Layer IIIVCG Layer IV
VCG Wheelhouse = H+Hss+Hdh+Hdh+Hdh+0.7HdhLCG
LCG Poop = 0.5 . L poop𝐿LCG Forecastle = − +1/3* 𝐿𝑝𝑝 𝐿𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑙𝑒 𝐿 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑙𝑒
LCGLCGLCG
Wcrew0.90.6
0.150.15
ESTIMASI VOLUME TANGKI (METODE SIMPSON 1)
1 Water Ballast Tankframe 55 s/d 75 h = 12.250
H = 0.615
no. y fs y.fs no. y1 5.999 1 5.999 1 13.2662 16.837 4 67.349 2 18.9933 17.533 1 17.533 3 19.219
bawah 90.881 tengahA (m2) = 371.098
A.fs = 371.098
TOTAL = 533.330 m3 266.665 m3/tangki
frame 65 s/d 100 h = 12.250H = 0.615
no. y fs y.fs no. y1 17.533 1 17.533 1 19.2192 17.443 4 69.774 2 19.2023 16.834 1 16.834 3 18.972
bawah 104.140 tengahA (m2) = 425.240
A.fs = 425.240
TOTAL = 569.966 m3 284.983 m3/tangki
frame 100 s/d 145 h = 15.750H = 0.615
no. y fs y.fs no. y1 16.834 1 16.834 1 18.9722 14.716 4 58.865 2 17.8773 1.533 1 1.533 3 5.459
bawah 77.232 tengahA (m2) = 405.465
A.fs = 405.465
TOTAL = 604.264 m3 302.132 m3/tangki
Volume Ballast = 1707.560 m3
∑0 =
∑0 =
∑0 =
2 Cargo Holdframe 30 s/d 65 h = 12.250
H = 4.461
no. y fs y.fs no. y1 14.891 1 14.891 1 19.3162 19.503 4 78.013 2 19.5323 19.526 1 19.526 3 19.544
bawah 112.430 tengahA (m2) = 459.090
A.fs = 459.090
TOTAL = 4235.556 m3
frame 65 s/d 100 h = 12.250H = 4.461
no. y fs y.fs no. y1 19.526 1 19.526 1 19.5442 19.478 4 77.910 2 19.5333 19.320 1 19.320 3 19.487
bawah 116.756 tengahA (m2) = 476.752
A.fs = 476.752
TOTAL = 4266.562 m3
frame 100 s/d 145 h = 15.750H = 4.461
no. y fs y.fs no. y1 19.320 1 19.320 1 19.4872 18.533 4 74.131 2 19.2443 6.962 1 6.962 3 12.214
bawah 100.412 tengahA (m2) = 527.162
A.fs = 527.162
TOTAL = 5056.902 m3
Volume Cargo Hold = 10998.579 m3
3 Volume Side Tank
∑0 =
∑0 =
∑0 =
HST533.330 5.333569.966 5.700604.264 6.043
17.076
frame 30 s/d 65 162.346 m3 81.173 m3/tangkiframe 65 s/d 100 173.498 m3 86.749 m3/tangkiframe 100 s/d 145 183.938 m3 91.969 m3/tangkiTOTAL HST = 519.782 m3
TST4235.556 42.3564266.562 42.6665056.902 50.569
135.590
frame 30 s/d 65 637.459 m3 318.730 m3/tangkiframe 65 s/d 100 642.126 m3 321.063 m3/tangkiframe 100 s/d 145 761.074 m3 380.537 m3/tangki
TOTAL TST = 2040.659 m3
ESTIMASI VOLUME TANGKI (METODE SIMPSON 1)
1 Water Ballast Tanka frame 35 s/d 75
h = 24.0405 mLuas area = 225.127 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 1804.053 m3
Kapasitas volume per tangki 902.026 m3 / tangki
b frame 75 s/d 115h = 24 m
Luas area = 173.463 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 1387.706 m3
Kapasitas volume per tangki 693.853 m3 / tangki
c frame 115 s/d 160h = 26.7539 m
Luas area = 193.219 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 1723.121 m3
Kapasitas volume per tangki 861.560 m3 / tangki
d frame 160 s/d 200h = 24.2274 m
Luas area = 109.810 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 886.800 m3
Kapasitas volume per tangki 443.400 m3 / tangki
Volume Ballast = 2039.279 m3
2 Cargo Holda frame 35 s/d 75
h = 24.0163 mLuas area = 59.272 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 474.499 m3
Kapasitas volume Cargo Hold 474.499 m3 / tangki
b frame 75 s/d 115h = 24 m
Luas area = 59.232 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 473.856 m3
Kapasitas volume Cargo Hold 473.856 m3 / tangki
c frame 115 s/d 160h = 27 m
Luas area = 66.636 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 599.724 m3
Kapasitas volume Cargo Hold 599.724 m3 / tangki
d frame 160 s/d 200h = 24.2274 m
Luas area = 59.232 m2
V=1/3*La*h Volume = 478.346 m3
Kapasitas volume Cargo Hold 478.346 m3 / tangki
Volume Ballast = 1426.701 m3
3 Volume Side TankHST
a 1804.053 18.041b 1387.706 13.877c 1723.121 17.231d 478.346 4.783
total 53.932
frame 35 s/d 75 180.431 m3 90.216 m3/tangkiframe 75 s/d 115 138.790 m3 69.395 m3/tangkiframe 115 s/d 160 172.337 m3 86.168 m3/tangkiframe 160 s/d 200 47.841 m3 23.921 m3/tangki
TOTAL HST = 539.399 m3 269.700 m3/tangki
TST474.499 4.745473.856 4.739599.724 5.997478.346 4.783
20.264
frame 35 s/d 75 74.446 m3 37.223 m3/tangkiframe 75 s/d 115 74.345 m3 37.173 m3/tangkiframe 115 s/d 160 94.093 m3 47.047 m3/tangkiframe 160 s/d 200 75.050 m3 37.525 m3/tangki
317.935 m3 158.967 m3/tangki
fs y.fs no. y fs y.fs1 13.266 1 14.891 1 14.8914 75.972 2 19.502 4 78.0071 19.219 3 19.526 1 19.526
108.456 atas 112.423A (m2) = 442.863 A (m2) = 459.062
A.fs = 1771.451 A.fs = 459.062
fs y.fs no. y fs y.fs1 19.219 1 19.526 1 19.5264 76.807 2 19.479 4 77.9171 18.972 3 19.321 1 19.321
114.998 atas 116.764A (m2) = 469.574 A (m2) = 476.785
A.fs = 1878.297 A.fs = 476.785
fs y.fs no. y fs y.fs1 18.972 1 19.321 1 19.3214 71.506 2 18.548 4 74.1901 5.459 3 6.962 1 6.962
95.937 atas 100.473A (m2) = 503.669 A (m2) = 527.485
A.fs = 2014.677 A.fs = 527.485
∑0 = ∑0 =
∑0 = ∑0 =
∑0 = ∑0 =
fs y.fs no. y fs y.fs1 19.316 1 19.515 1 19.5154 78.127 2 19.532 4 78.1271 19.544 3 19.546 1 19.546
116.987 atas 117.188A (m2) = 477.696 A (m2) = 478.516
A.fs = 1910.784 A.fs = 478.516
fs y.fs no. y fs y.fs1 19.544 1 19.546 1 19.5464 78.131 2 19.547 4 78.1891 19.487 3 19.535 1 19.535
117.161 atas 117.270A (m2) = 478.409 A (m2) = 478.851
A.fs = 1913.638 A.fs = 478.851
fs y.fs no. y fs y.fs1 19.487 1 19.535 1 19.5354 76.975 2 19.462 4 77.8501 12.214 3 15.261 1 15.261
108.676 atas 112.646A (m2) = 570.547 A (m2) = 591.391
A.fs = 2282.188 A.fs = 591.391
∑0 = ∑0 =
∑0 = ∑0 =
∑0 = ∑0 =