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PERMIT SYSTEM
Soehatman Ramli
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Latar Belakang
Lingkungan industri khususnya yang
mengelola bahan berbahayasangatrawan terhadap bahaya kecelakaan.
Pada umumnya kecelakaan terjadi
. Perlu pengawasan dan pencegahan
yang baik melalui sistem ijin kerja
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Philosophy Ijin Kerja
Tujuan sistem Ijin Kerja
mencegah kecelakaan
mencegah kebakaran dan peledakan
mence ah an uan terhada roses
produksi dan lingkungan sekitarnya.
Melindungi manusia dan peralatan akibat
kondisi berbahaya
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Manfaat Ijin Kerja
Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Mencegah kerugian akibat kecelakaan
Meningkatkan sikap tanggungjawab dan
disiplin kerja
er n ungan u um c a m a er akecelakaan
Sebagai dasar penyelidikan kecelakaan
Sebagai alat kontrol pengawasan K3
Meningkatkan kinerja K3 perusahaan
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Safe Work PermitsSafe Work Permits
Safe Work Permit Permit #
Type: (hot work, confined space, line break, etc.... location:
Valid __/___/___ ____ __/___/___ ____ Issued to:From: M D Y time to M D Y time
Work Description: ________________________________
____________________________________________ Supervisors Signature Print name____________________________________________
____________________________________________ Work Order No.
Atm Combustible vapors or gases (19.5% &
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Melindungi peralatan dari kerusakan Mencegah bahaya kebakaran
Memastikan pekerjaan dilakukan dengan
cara yang aman
Sasaran Permit System
em er an ara an mengena cara yangaman dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan
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WORK PERMIT REQUIREMENT
Permit diperlukan untuk pekerjaan berikut ini
: Major & Minor Maint. work.
Inspection.
Construction.
.
Process Equip. cleaning
Entry into confined space.
Excavation
Vehicle entry into hazardous areas etc.
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Jenis Ijin Kerja
1. Ijin Kerja Panas Hot Work Permit
2. Ijin Kerja Dingin Cold work Permit
3. Ijin kerja penggalian _ Digging Permit
4. Ijin Kerja Masuk Ruang Tertutup Entry
Permit
5. Ijin Kerja Radioaktif
6. Ijin Kerja Listrik
7. Ijin Kerja di ketinggian
8. Dsb.
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Prinsip Permit System
THE FIRE TETRAHEDRONTHE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
FUEL
TEMPERATURE
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Prinsip Ijin Kerja
Bahanbakar
PanasOksigen
1. Mengendalikan Bahan
Bakar
2. Mengendalikan Panas3. Mengendalikan Oksigen
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Prinsip Ijin Kerja
Bahanbakar
Mengendalikan Bahan Bakar
Mencegah atau
mengendalikan adanya
sumber bahan bakar
Boleh menggunakan api
PanasOksigen
Menggunakan Ijin KerjaPanas
Ijin Kerja Panas, menggunakan atau menimbulkan
sumber panas, atau nyala seperti pekerjaan
pengelasan, api dapur, sant blasting dll.
Unsur yang dihindarkan adalah adanya sumber bahan
bakar dengan melakukan gas test.
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Prinsip Ijin Kerja
Bahanbakar
Mengendalikan Panas
Sumber bahan bakar tidakbisa dikendalikan dan
dapat timbul sewaktu-
waktu
Kendalikan atau ce ah
PanasOksigen
adanya/timbulnya sumberpanas atau energi
Jenis Ijin Kerja DinginIjin Kerja Dingin, adalah pekerjaan yang tidak atau
tidak boleh menimbulkan adanya sumber panas atau
percikan api.
Sumber bahan bakar diperkirakan timbul setiap saat
Contoh pekerjaan menggunakan palu di tanki minyak
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Prinsip Ijin Kerja
Bahanbakar
Mengendalikan Oksigen
Kadar Oksigendiperkirakan tidak aman
bagi manusia atau untuk
kelangsungan proses
pembakaran (segi tiga api)
PanasOksigen
Ijin Masuk ruang tertutup
Ijin Kerja Ruang tertutup dimana kadar oksigen harus
diperhitungkan untuk keselamatan pekerja
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Sistem Ijin Kerja
Pihak yang terlibat dalam sistem ijin kerja
Issuing
Authority
Safety
Advisor
Perrforming
Authority
Ijin Kerja
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Sistem Ijin Kerja
Issuing Authority Pemberi Ijin
Tugas dan tanggungjawab
Memebebaskan semua perlatan dan proses
yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan dari
semua sumber bahaya dan energi sehingga
aman untuk dikerjakan. Mengamankan peralatan, tempat kerja dan
proses untuk keamanan pekerjaan,
termasuk memasang sorokan,
membersihkan alat, menyetop kegiatan
sementara waktu, melakukan isolasi sumberenergi dsb.
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Sistem Ijin Kerja
Performing Authority Penerima ijin
Yaitu pihak yang melaksanakan
pekerjaan yang menyangkut suatu alat,
tempat kerja atau fasilitas
Bagian pemeliharaan
Bagian teknik sipil, listrik atau mekanik
Pekerja telekomunikasi
Pekerja pembersihan dll
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Sistem Ijin Kerja
Performing Authority Penerima ijin
Tugas dan tanggung jawab : Melaksanakan pekerjaan dilakukan
dengan cara yang aman menyangkut
pekerja, peralatan dan metoda
pe a sanaan.
Mematuhi semua rekomendasi yang
dikeliuarkan oleh pemberi ijin dan bagian
K3
Mengawasoi secara langsung selama
kegiatan kerja berlangsung dan segeramengambil tindakan jika ditemukan
kondisi berbahaya
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Sistem Ijin Kerja
Unsur Pengawas Keselamatan
Yaitu pihak yang bertanggungjawabmemberikan saran dan petunjuk serta
pengawasan keselamatan selama
pekerjaan berlangsung
Unsur pengawasan terdiri atas : Fungsi K3 perusahaan
Fungsi Listrik
Fungsi Inspeksi
Fungsi Telekomunikasi Dll yang diperlukan
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Sistem Ijin Kerja
Unsur Pengawas Keselamatan
Tugas dan tanggungjawab Melaksanakan monitoring selama
pekerjaan berlangsung
Meneliti dan meyakinkan bahwa semua
syarat ese amatan te a penu Memberikan rekomendasi cara kerja yang
aman
Melaksanakan pengetesan gas
berbahaya
Menghentikan pekerjaan jika dinilaikondisi keselamatan tidak terjamin atau
terjadi pelanggaran prosedur
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Ijin Kerja Panas
Semua pekerjaan yang menggunakan ataumenimbulkan energi panas atau bunga api yangmemiliki cukup energi untuk proses pembakaran.
Jenis pekerjaan panas : Pengelasan
merokok, menyalakan api dapur,, korek api
combustion engine di daerah berbahaya gas sand blasting
Penggunaan alat pneumatik
Peralatan listrik
dll
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Ijin Kerja Panas
Persyaratan Utama
Harus bebas gas (gas free) Bebas dari sumber bahaya dari
lingkungan, minimal dalam radius 25
meter
Dilaksanakan pemeriksaan gas secaraberkala
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Ijin Kerja Panas
Tindakan pengamanan (safety precaution)
Memeriksa kondisi gas berbahaya setiap
saat
Mengisolir dan mengamankan semua
,
parit terbuka, venting dsb
Memasang tirai air untuk pengamanan
sumber panas
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Ijin Kerja Dingin
Semua pekerjaan yang tidak menggunakan
sumber panas atau tidak diperkenankanmenimbulkan sumber panas.
Jenis pekerjaan Dingin :
Menggunakan martil besi didaerah gas (tindakan anti
bunga api)
Mengecat di daerah berbahaya Perbaikan pompa atau peralatan proses yang sedang
beroperasi
Menggali di daerah unit proses
dll
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Ijin Kerja Dingin
Persyaratan
Tidak boleh timbul sumber api (percikan, bunga apidsb)
Harus dilakukan tindakan anti bunga api, misalnya
dengan membasahkan peralatan dengan air,
penggunaan martil tembaga atau kuningan dsb
Diperlukan tindakan waspada karena adanya sumbergas berbahaya tidak dapat dikendalikan misalnya
bekerja di lingkungan unit proses yang sedang
beroperasi
Semua peralatan kerja harus diamankan dari
kemungkinan terjadinya percikan bunga api.
Iji K j R T t t
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Ijin Kerja Ruang Tertutup
Bekerja di lingkungan dengan kadar oksigen tidak
memadai
Contoh :
Masuk dan bekerja dalam tangki bekas berisi bahan
cair mudah terbakar
Iji K j P li
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Ijin Kerja Penggalian
Diperlukan untuk pekerjaan yang
melakukan galian tanah : Penggalian jalur pipa
Penggalian tanah untuk konstruksi
dll
S f W k P itS f W k P it
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Safe Work PermitsSafe Work Permits
Excavations may expose hazardous materials, which have leaked and are
contaminating the soil.
Permits ensure that procedures to protect workers from exposure to toxic
substances have been identified.
Iji K j Li t ik
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Ijin Kerja Listrik
Untuk melindungi pekerjaan yang
menggunakan peralatan listrik ataubekerja pada lingkungan peralatan atau
sarana pembangkit dan penyalur listrik
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PREPARATION OF
WORKPERMIT
PREPARATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
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PREPARATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
Equipment electrically isolated Inspection tested(for cold & hot job)
Isolated from steam,air & gas
Drained
Positively isolated/blinded
Steamed & water flushed
PREPARATION OF EQUIP CONTD
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PREPARATION OF EQUIP. CONTD.
Ventilated & gas freed
Continuous inert gas flow / continuousadequate ventilation arranged.
Vehicle/equipment in good condition with
spark arrested
Radiation source removed(Confined spaceentry)
PREPARATION OF EQUIP
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PREPARATION OF EQUIP. CONTD.
Ventilated & gas freed
Continuous inert gas flow / continuousadequate ventilation arranged.
Vehicle/equipment in good condition with
spark arrested
Radiation source removed(Confined spaceentry)
RESIDUAL HAZARDS
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RESIDUAL HAZARDS
Lack of oxygen
H2S and/or any other toxic gases Combustible gases
Corrosive chemicals
Steam / Condensate
Pyrophoric iron High humidity
RESIDUAL HAZARDS
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RESIDUAL HAZARDS
Lack of oxygen
H2S and/or any other toxic gases
Combustible gases
Corrosive chemicals
Steam / Condensate Pyrophoric iron
High humidity
PROTECTION MEASURES
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PROTECTION MEASURES
Protective clothing
Hearing protection Safety Harness
Eye protection
Face rotection
Respiratory protection
Keep fire equipment stand-by
PROTECTIVE MEASURES CONTD
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PROTECTIVE MEASURES CONTD.
Barricade the area
Remove flammable and combustible Cover with fire retardant tarpaulin
Crane with basket stand-by
Attendance with Airline set
keep man ways open
Allow minimum possible no. of persons inside
confined space
PROTECTIVE MEASURES
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CONTD.
To ensure positive isolation & maintain it
all through Ensure adequate ventilation all through
Display copy of entry permit near entry
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
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GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
Why gas test is required ?
Most of the gases are unwantedHazards involved -
Flammability(Fire & Explosion)
Oxygen Deficiency
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
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Common flammable gases/liquids inrefinery are -
All petroleum products,Crude and
intermediates
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
Hydrogen LPG
Common toxic gases in refinery -
H2S, CO,NH3,CL2, etc.
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
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COMMON TERMINOLOGIES :
For flammable substances: Flash Point :
Minimum temp. at which a liquid gives off
sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mix. It
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
will give a flash, flame will not continue.Auto Ignition Temp.:
The lowest temp. to which a substance will
ignite without a spark or flame.
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
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Explosive limit :
The concentration range of vapor in
air when propagation of
flame(ignition) occurs in presence of
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
an ignition source. LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) :
The minimum concentration of vapor
to air required to propagate(ignite)
flame.
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
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UEL(Upper Explosive Limit) :
The maximum vapor to air conc.abovewhich propagation of a flame will not
occur(will not ignite).
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
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Material LEL UEL F Pt.(C) AIT(C)
Hydrogen 4 75 Gas 585Methane 5 15 Gas 538
Propane 2 9.5 - 104 466
Naphtha 1.1 5.9 - 18 288
GAS TEST FOR WORK PERMIT
ATK/ATF 0.7 5.0 35-50 210Diesel 0.7 5.0 32-96 256
Fuel Oil 1 5.0 66 262-407
GAS TEST CONTD.
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Toxic substances :
TLV (Threshold Limit Value / PEL(PermissibleExposure Limit) :
The maximum permissible conc. of a toxic
substance to which exposure of a person will
hrs per day.STEL(Short Term Exposure Limit) :
Maximum conc. to which worker can be exposed
for a period of 15 mins. without any adverse
effect to health.
GAS TEST
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GAS TEST CONTD.
IDLH(Immediate Danger to Life & Health)
A maximum conc. from which one can
escape within 30 mins. without irreversible
health effect.
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE (H2S)
Highly toxic, combustible, colorless.
Smells like rotten egg.
GAS TEST - H2S
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EFFECTS ON HUMAN BODY
PHYSICAL EFFECT CONC.(PPM)Can be smelled as rotten egg 0.13
TLV 10
STEL 15
Smelling sense will dry within 150 - 200
2 mins, burning sensation in
eye & throat
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GAS TEST-H2S CONTD.
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FIRST AID :
IF INHALED -
Remove exposed person to fresh air and
administer oxygen immediately.
:
Use fresh air mask in case conc. exceeds
10 PPM
TOXIC GAS CO
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TOXIC GAS - COTOXIC AS WELL AS FLAMMABLE
TLV - 50 PPM
STEL - 400 PPM
IDLH - 1500 PPM
LEL - 12.5%UEL - 74 %
GAS TEST - CO
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HEALTH HAZARDS:
CO combines with hemoglobin of blood andmake it unable to carry oxygen.
Symptoms : Headache, dizziness to
unconscious and ultimately death.
First Aid :Remove to fresh air and apply oxygen at the
earliest.
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GAS TEST CONTD.
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For hot work the gas test results shall be :
Combustible - Below 1 % LEL
( Preferably NIL)
For confined space entry :
Oxygen - 19.5% minimum
Combustible - 10 % LEL Max.
Toxic gases - below TLV
GAS TEST CONTD.
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Confined space With BA protection :
Combustible - 20% of LEL maximum
H2S - Less than 100 PPM
CO - Less than 500 PPM
However, no hot job can be carried out
inside the confined space at this
condition.
WORKS NEED GAS TEST
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WORKS NEED GAS TEST Gas tests are required for all hot
work/vehicle entry and confined spaceentry permits & some cold permits also.
Issuing authority shall determine the
re-checking. Trained Gas tester only shall carry out
the test.
RESPONSIBILIES OF GAS
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TESTING AUTHORITY
To check & confirm that the gastesting instrument is working in
perfect condition before proceeding
for the area/equipment
To carry out gas test at all criticallocations/positions
To advise on safe method to work
inside/at the location i.e., further
gas freeing , use of PPE etc.
ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
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ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
Before issuing a Work Permit, it is
essential to ensure that the equipment /
facility to be worked on is electrically
safe and electrical power is isolated to
conduct of the authorized work. Issuing, Executing authorities and
Electrical Maintenance shall jointly
decide the extent of isolation required.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR -
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SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR -
WORKING WITH RADIOGRAPHY
Risk assessment through checklist Barricade the area and provide adequate warning
.
Film badges and Dosimeters shall be worn bypersonnel handling radiography equip.
job preferably during night time or with least or no
person around.
Continuous monitoring of cordoned off area
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HOT WORK
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The person who authorizes the Hot Work
Permit is responsible for ensuring that the siteand the equipment are properly prepared to
prevent the danger of fire & explosion involving
flammable material.
e equ pmen s a e emp e an c eane
of flammable materials and isolated fromsources of hydrocarbons by means of
disconnection, blanking or insertion of blinds.
E i t d di h ll b h k d
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Equipment and surrounding areas shall be checked
to ensure that they are free from any combustible
gas.Carry out gas test.
Any heavy oil deposit, dried vegetation or other
flammable / combustible materials within 8 m of a hot
work site shall be cleared away.
of any sample point, drain or relief valve outlet unlessprecautions have been taken to prevent the escape
of flammable liquids and vapors.
Th tl t f ll it d i l ithi 15 f th
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The outlet of all units drain seals within 15 m of the
hot work shall be plugged.
If welding or grinding is to be done at height, thenprecautions shall be taken to prevent the spread of
sparks and molten metal to the surrounding of the
work area with fire-resisting or flame-retarding
.
A hose capable of reaching up to the hot work pointand connected to fire water main.
Fire Station (333/5989) shall be informed of hot
work.
VALIDITY OF PERMIT
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Work permit shall be initially issued for a
period of 8 hrs. and shall be renewed for
one more shift .
On need basis , permit can be given for
max. 7 days period.
Clearance to be obtained every shift.
Clearance to be given after physically
checking the site.
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