MATERI 9 ENDOCRYNOLOGY
KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN
MK. ILMU REPRODUKSI
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SUB POKOK BAHASAN
• Hormon yang berperan dalam kebuntingan (Progesteron, estrogen, PGF2 alfa, Prolaktin )
• Perubahan hormonal selama kebuntingan
• Perubahan hormonal menjelang dan selama kelahiran (meliputi progesteron, estrogen, pgf2 alfa dan oxitocin)
• Proses kelahiran
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Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 3
Proses Implantasi
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 4
Hormon selama kebuntingan
PLACENTA CORPUS LUTEUM
Mare Ewe Cow, Sow,Goat
Progesteron
UTERUS
PREGNANCYPLASENTA
Progesteron
Estrogen
ProlactinUntuk produksi susu
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 5
Beberapa teori yang menginduksiPartus
Volume uterus meningkat
Hormon PGF2α Meningkat
• Hormon Progesteron Turun
• Hormon Estrogen Naik
• Miometrium semakin sensitif kontraksi
• Oxytosin diproduksi
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 6
Aktivasi fetus
• Fetus menghasilkan Corticosteroid menyebabkan turunnya progesteron peningkatan estrogen dan keluarnya PGF2α menyebabkan myometrium kontraksi
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 7
Perubahan saat bunting menyebabkan kelahiran
Relaxed
MyometrialExcitement
Contractile
Closed
CervicalRipening
Dilatation
PREGNANCY
PRE LABOR
LABOR
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 8
Tahapan Melahirkan :1. Dilatation of Cervix
• Uterus mengalami kontraksi
• Periode : Dimulai dari kontraks uterus sampaiuterus mengalami dilatasi, juga vagina.
• Induk ingin merebah, nafas frekuensimeningkat.
• Perubahan posisi fetus
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 9
2. Keluarnya fetus
• Uterus dan perut kontraksi keras.
• Periode : Servik membuka luas dan fetus bisakeluar.
• Induk merejan, Plasenta pecah, cairan keluar.
Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati 10
3. Keluarnya Plasenta
• Kontraksi uterus mulai menurun
• Keluarnya fetus diikuti plasenta
• Plasenta terlepas dari endometrium
• Keluar plasenta
Hormonal Control of Gestation
Progesterone - Main Hormone -Causes uterine quiescence and histotroph production
Sources of Progesterone During Gestation
Gestation
Sheep - CL to day 50 then placenta 148 days
Cow - CL throughout. However, after 280 days~ day 215 placenta and adrenalproduce enough progesterone tomaintain pregnancy
Sow - All from CL 114 days
Can remove CL after day 50 and not cause abortion
Remove CL at any time causes abortion 11LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK
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1st CL produces progesterone up to ~ 180 days, FSH stimulates follicles growth and eCG (PMSG) causes CL's to form from follicles. They secrete progesteroneand are active from day 40-180. Progesterone is low until 270 days - rises in last 5 months due probably to placental progesterone production.
Mare -
Gestation
337 days
PMSG - Pregnant Mare Serum GonadotropinNow call eCGOrigin is Endometrial cups
Endometrial cups form from invasion of the chorionicgirdle cells surround the spherical placenta of mare.These invade into the uterine endometrium on Days30 to 35 of gestation to form the ulcer-like cups.
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Hormonal Changes that Control Parturition
Time of parturition iscontrolled by maturationof the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
CRFFetal anteriorpituitary gland
Stimulates oxytocin receptorin myometrium
Steps Fetal ACTH causes -
Fetal Corticosteroidscauses -
Progesterone levels placental productionor CL regression) -
Production of Estrogens by placenta -
PGF2 production by
uterus -
Pine-needle abortion incattle - cause by a corticosteroid-like product
Corticotropic ReleasingHormone
Infusion inducesparturition Fetal
Adrenal
AdrenalcorticotropicHormone (ACTH)
Removal Blocks Parturition
Corticosteroid
Glucocorticoid
Estrogen(Increase)
Progesterone(Decrease)
ProstaglandinF2(Increase)
Hypothalamus
Redrawn from Liggins, G.C.1969. In Foetal Autonomy
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Hormonal changes cause:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Final maturation of fetus
Expansion of birth canal
Maternal behavior
Synthesis and ejection of milk
Initiation of uterinecontractions
Termination of pregnancy
Initiates parturitionand lung development
Cortisol - stimulates lung surfactant
Prolactin completes finalmammary development and milk secretion
Fescue toxicity problems:Ergot causes inhibition ofprolactin release and thusmilk production
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Significance of initial hormonal changes
Progesterone - removes block on uterine contractions.
Estrogen - makes uterus more responsive to induction of contractions i.e., more irritable and smooth muscle tissue stimulation.
Events just Prior to Parturition:
1. Pelvic ligaments soften - Tail head sinks due to estrogens and relaxin.
2. Cervix softens and begins secreting stringy mucus - estrogens and relaxin.
.
Allows myometrial muscle fibers to work together in bundles
Induction of oxytocin receptors
Increased water content in cervical tissue andcervical plug is removed
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