- 1 -

Writers and their Libraries: anInternational Conference

Institute of English Studies 15 – 16 March 2013

Programme.indd 1 08/03/2013 17:15:11

- 2 -

Writers and Their Libraries: 15-16 March 2013Conference Programme

Friday, 15 March

9.15-9.30: Registration

9:30-10:00: Welcome and Introduction (Chancellor’s Hall)

10.00 – 11.30Panel 1 (Chancellor’s Hall): ReadingWritingReading: Genetic Criticism and Textual Biography I Chair: Jerónimo Pizarro

Thomas Brobjer (Uppsala Universitet), “Nietzsche’s Reading Relevant for Der Antichrist”Patricio Ferrari (Universidade de Lisboa/Stockholms Universitet), “Fernando Pessoa’s Chatter-ton”Warwick Gould (Institute of English Studies, University of London), “Wider Still, and Wider: W. B. Yeats Libraries and Textual Biography” 11.30-11.50: Coffee Break (20 minutes)

11.50 – 1.20Panel 2A (Chancellor’s Hall): Virtual Libraries / Reconstructed Libraries I Chair: Vanda Anastácio

Catherine Volpilhac-Auger (Université de Lyon), “La bibliothèque virtuelle Montesquieu” Beth Lau (California State University), “Keats’s Library” Helen Chambers (The Open University), “Re-constructing Joseph Conrad’s Library from Multiple Sources of Evidence: The Gap be-tween Evidence of Reading and Ownership of Books”

Panel 2B (Rm 102): Reading Habits / Col-lecting Habits Chair: Karen Attar

Robert Heyes, (John Clare Society), “John Clare’s Library” Ben De Bruyn (Katholieke Universiteit Leu-ven), “American Readers at Home: Tradition, Lifestyle and Libraries”Anne Welsh (University College London), “The Poet’s Poets: Collections and Anthologies in Walter de la Mare’s Working Library”

1.20-14.30 Lunch (own arrangements)

14.30 – 16.00Panel 3A (Chancellor’s Hall): ReadingWritingReading: Genetic Criticism and Textual Biography II Chair: Wim Van Mierlo

Hélène de Jacquelot (Università di Pisa), “Stendhal en apprentissage: Pratiques de lec-ture et d’écriture” Gabriele Wix (Universität Bonn), “From a Punk and Postmodern Point of View: Grandfather’s Bookcase. The Function of the Library for Authorship in the Work of the German Poet Thomas Kling (1957–2005)

Panel 3B (Rm 102): Between Languages, Be-tween Disciplines Chair: ???

Annet den Haan (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), “Giannozzo Manetti’s New Testament” Andy Wimbush (Darwin College, University of Cambridge), “The Consolations of Philoso-phy and the Vindications of Literature Samuel Beckett’s Quietist Library”

16.00 – 16.30: Coffee Break (30 minutes)

Programme.indd 2 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 3 -

16.30 – 17.30Panel 4 (Chancellor’s Hall): Virtual Libraries / Reconstructed Libraries II Chair: Vanda Anastácio

Leah Knight (Brock University), “Reading Anne Clifford Reading” Christopher M. Ohge (University of Maine), “Paul Bowles’s Sources, Analogues, and Private Library: A Case Study in Building a Virtual Library”Shafquat Towheed (The Open University), “Edith Wharton’s Libraries”

18.00: Plenary lecture (Chancellor’s Hall): John Coffin Memorial Lecture in the History of the Book

Dirk Van Hulle (Universiteit Antwerpen), “Writers’ Libraries and the Extended Mind” Chair: Wim Van Mierlo

Followed by a wine reception

Saturday, 16 March

9.30 – 10.30: Plenary Lecture (Chancellor’s Hall):

Heather Jackson (University of Toronto), “The Special Relationship: Writers and their Marginalia” Chair: Patricio Ferrari

10.30-10.50: Coffee Break (20 minutes)

10.50 – 12.20Panel 5A (Chancellor’s Hall): Alter Egos, Blurred Margins Chair: Gabrielle Wix

Catherine Mc Kenna (King’s College London), “Blurring the Lines between Fiction and Docu-ment: an Examination of the ‘Invisible Litera-tures’ of the Library of J. G. Ballard” Telê Ancona Lopez (Universidade de São Pau-lo), “Mario de Andrade’s Macunaíma begun in Koch-Grünberg’s book” João Dionísio (Universidade de Lisboa), “Von Gribskov according to Rilke”

Panel 5B (Rm 102): Group Marginalia / Mar-ginalia and Literary Criticism Chair: Anne Welsh

Lucy Ella Hawkins (Surrey University), “The Watts’ Secret Library: The Readings and Writ-ings of George and Mary Watts” Mary Erica Zimmer (Boston University), “Terms of Engagement: Geoffrey Hill’s Annotations of T. S. Eliot’s The Sacred Wood” Eva Nieto McAvoy (Birkbeck, University of London), “Scrapbooks of Exile: the Spanish-British library of Arturo Barea (1939-1957)”

12.20 – 13.30: Lunch break

13.30 – 15.00Panel 6A (Chancellor’s Hall): Comparing Libraries / Libraries within Libraries Chair: Hugh Adlington

Karen Attar (Senate House Library, University of London), “A Writer and His Library: Augus-tus de Morgan” Stephen H. Gregg (Bath Spa University), “Vir-tual Conversation in the Library of Bishop Richard Hurd”Richard W. Oram (Harry Ransom Center at the

University of Texas at Austin), “Writers’ Librar-ies: A Curatorial Perspective”

Panel 6B (Rm 102): Theories of Reading, Theories of Readers Chair: Shafquat Towheed

John C. Orr (University of Portland), “Margi-nalia in the Library of Henry Adams: Sites of Contestation”Wim Van Mierlo (Institute of English Studies, University of London), “Revision in the Mar-

Programme.indd 3 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 4 -

gins: T. Sturge Moore and the Social Theory of Reading” Cristina Piña (Universidad de Mar del Plata),

“Discovering Alejandra Pizarnik’s Private Li-brary: Borges, Gide, Salinas and the Theory of Rewriting and Plagiarizing Tradition”

15.00 – 15.30: Coffee Break (30 minutes)

15.30 – 16.30Panel 7A (Chancellor’s Hall): Reading with a Purpose/The Purpose of Reading Chair: Anne Welsh

Hugh Adlington (University of Birmingham), “John Donne’s Books: Reading, Writing and the Uses of Knowledge” Tom Ue (University College London), “Becom-ing Gissing: Shakespeare and the Staging of Love’s Labour’s Lost” Frances White (Kingston University), “Meanings of Marginalia: Iris Murdoch’s Oxford Library”

Panel 7B (Rm 102): Professional Libraries/The Libraries of Professionals Chair Jerónimo Pizarro

Stanton J. Linden (Washington State Univer-sity), “Henry Power (c. 1626-1668) and MS. Sloane 1346: the Life and Library of a North-country Doctor” José Antonio Amaya (Universidad Nacional de Colombia), “Ensayo comparativo del Fondo Mutis con otros Fondos y Colecciones de su Tiempo” Edmund G. C. King (The Open University), “E. W. Hornung: a Writer and His YMCA Soldiers’ Library during World War I”

16.30 – 18.00 Panel 8 (Chancellor’s Hall): Tracing Traces in the Private Library Chair: João Dionísio

Carmen Peraita (Villanova University), “Quevedo’s Books and his Marginal Annotations” Vanda Anastácio (University of Lisbon), “In search of a Woman’s Library: the Books of the Mar-quise of Alorna in the Library of the Fronteira Palace” Adam Smyth (Birkbeck, University of London), “Consuming Texts: Ben Jonson’s Library Fire of 1623” Biographical Notes and Abstracts

Biographical Notes and Abstracts

I. Keynote Speakers

H. J. Jackson is Professor of English at the Univer-sity of Toronto (Canada). She is the editor of three volumes S.T. Coleridge’s marginalia in the Coleridge Bollingen Collected Works and the author of two well-known books, Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books (2001) and Romantic Readers: The Evidence of Marginalia (2005), both published by Yale University Press.

Dirk Van Hulle is Associate Professor of English at Universiteit Antwerpen and President of the Europe-an Society for Textual Scholarship. He is an expert on the composition histories and reading notes of

James Joyce, Marcel Proust, Thomas Mann, Samuel Beckett and Charles Darwin, and one of the directors of the Beckett Digital Manuscripts Project, a collabora-tive venture between the University of Reading and the University of Antwerp. He is also currently work-ing to create a digital repository of Samuel Beckett’s private library. His many publications include Tex-tual Awareness: A Genetic Study of Late Manuscripts by Joyce, Proust and Mann (2004) Reading Notes (a special issue of Variants: the Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship [2004]), and Manu-script Genetics, Joyce’s Know-How, Beckett’s Nohow (2009).

II. Panel speakers Hugh Adlington (University of Birmingham), “John Donne’s Books: Reading, Writing and the Uses of Knowledge”This paper focuses on the private library of the Eng-

lish poet and preacher, John Donne (1572-1631). The paper has two principal aims: first, to consider the methodological challenges of reconstructing a dispersed seventeenth-century writer’s library; sec-

Programme.indd 4 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 5 -

ond, to discuss how the surviving material evidence of Donne’s reading can add to our understanding of his writing and habits of thought. To that end, the pa-per will begin with a brief, up-to-date overview of the contents of Donne’s library. In the last four decades, more than fifty books containing marks of Donne’s ownership have been discovered, adding substantial-ly to our knowledge of Donne’s reading and intellec-tual interests. Study of the annotations and margi-nalia contained in Donne’s books enable us to form a detailed picture of his habits of reading, note-taking, and common-placing; new insights into Donne’s po-litical and religious beliefs, his cultural tastes, and, above all, his methods of composition and transfor-mation of textual sources emerge from this picture. Donne’s library will be compared to those of relevant contemporaries such as Ben Jonson, and conclu-sions drawn about its distinctive features in light of recent scholarship (by William Sherman and Heidi Brayman Hackel, among others) on habits of reading and book collecting in the early modern period. The second part of the paper will focus on a single volume: Donne’s copy of a mid-sixteenth-cen-tury Venetian edition of the collected poems of the Roman poet, Horace. This volume, discovered on the shelves of an Oxford college library in 2012, contains a fascinating combination of Donne’s characteristic pencil reading marks (in the Odes) and marginal ink annotations (in the Satires and Ars Poetica), with a density rarely found in books owned by Donne. Cru-cially, however, the texts marked by Donne in his copy of Horace are the Latin prose commentaries and scholia rather than Horace’s poems themselves. As such, Donne’s annotations provide clear evidence of the important mediating role played by Renaissance humanist scholarship in early modern reception of classical texts, and, more generally, of the kind of scholarly dividend yielded by the recovery and study of individual copies of books in writers’ libraries.Hugh Adlington is Senior Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Birmingham. He is a co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of the Early Modern Sermon (Oxford, 2011), and editor of vol. 2 of The Oxford Edi-tion of the Sermons of John Donne, gen. ed. P. Mc-Cullough (Oxford, forthcoming). He is also co-editor of Chaplains in Early Modern England: Patronage, Literature and Religion (2013).

José Antonio Amaya (Universidad Nacional de Co-lombia), “Ensayo comparativo del Fondo Mutis con otros Fondos y Colecciones de su Tiempo” El Fondo Mutis se conserva en la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia desde 1823. Sus 3.833 títulos (8.588 volúmenes) lo posicionan entre las más importantes colecciones personales del imperio español durante la época de la Ilustración, y justifican que figure en el registro de la Unesco para América Latina y el Cari-be desde 2011. Su propietario, José Celestino Mutis (1732-1808), lo puso al servicio de la Real Expedición Botánica del Nuevo Reino de Granada (1783-1816). Contiene obras de Historia Natural, Geografía y As-tronomía, y también de Ciencias y Artes de la Na-turaleza, Historia y Literatura, Medicina (incluyen-do la Cirugía), Teología, Ciencias, Jurisprudencia,

Matemáticas y Física. Lo que aquí se propone es una comparación del Imbentario de la librería de la casa que fue la Botánica a cargo del Dr. Mutis (Santafé, octubre de 1816) con otros documentos contemporá-neos del mismo tipo referentes a bibliotecas públicas (1), de colegios mayores (1), eclesiásticas (4) y person-ales (10) ubicadas en Santafé (16), España (5), París (2) y Londres (1). La colección del Real Jardín Botáni-co de Madrid y las de las expediciones al Perú y Chile (1777-1788-1831), a Santafé (1779-1783) y a Nueva España (1787-1803) ocupan un lugar especial en el balance. El marco de comparación gira alrededor de los libros de historia natural, e incluye cálculos y ti-pos de ordenamiento de las colecciones consideradas globalmente, así como análisis del lugar donde ellas se localizaban (recinto, edificio, ciudad). Por último, se intenta poner en diálogo estos documentos con la historia de los catálogos. José Antonio Amaya is Associate Professor in the De-partment of History of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. An expert in the history of botany, he is currently working on a project called “La colección de libros de historia natural de José Celestino Mutis”.

Vanda Anastácio (Universidade de Lisboa), “In search of a Woman’s Library: the Books of the Marquise of Alorna in the Library of the Fronteira Palace”Between 2008 and 2010, the private library owned by the descendants of the Houses of Fronteira and Alorna, preserving around 3 000 books printed be-fore 1800, were catalogued and bibliographically treated. (An on-line catalogue of this collection will made available in the near future.) From an analysis of different kinds of ownership marks found in the collection, different groups of books can be linked to specific members of these noble families. Especial-ly interesting, giving the difficulty of tracing book ownership by women in the Modern Period, are the inscriptions made by the female members of these families. In this paper I will discuss the importance of the traces that enable the historian to associate certain books to specific readers. In this I will pay special attention to the books which belonged or may have belonged to the Portuguese poet D. Leonor de Almeida Portugal, the fourth Marquise of Alorna that are present in the Fronteira Palace Library.Vanda Anastácio is Associate Professor at the Facul-dade de Letras of the University of Lisbon where she teaches Portuguese Culture and Literature as well as Brazilian Literature of the Colonial Period. She has published scholarly editions of Portuguese authors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, among them Visões de Glória (Uma introdução à Poesia de Pêro de Andrade Caminha) (1998), Viagem à Ilha do Amor by Cavaleiro de Oliveira (2001), Obras de Francisco Joa-quim Bingre (2000-2005), Teatro Completo de Camões (2005), and Sonetos da Marquesa de Alorna (2008). Lately she participated in the Government-funded project Livros de Fronteira (2010-2012) aimed at pro-ducing an on-line catalogue of the ancient books in the Private Library of the Fronteira Palace in Lisbon.

Karen Attar (Senate House Library, University of London), “A Writer and His Library: Augustus de

Programme.indd 5 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 6 -

Morgan”

The mathematician and mathematical historian Au-gustus de Morgan (1806-1871), author of numer-ous articles and of the books Elements of Arithme-tic (1840), Formal Logic (1847), and a bibliography (based largely upon books in his own library), Ar-ithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the Present Time (1847), among others, has long been noted for the annotations he made on his books. The feature was advertised in the national press as en-hancing the value of his library shortly before that library was bought by Samuel Loyd, First Baron Overstone and presented to the University of London in 1871, long before aspects of provenance were uni-versally valued. De Morgan’s annotations were large-ly comments pasted on flyleaves or written on title pages. They ranged from personal evaluations of the work in question to notes on the work’s significance within the history of mathematics, anecdotes about the author, statements of rarity, and descriptions of his acquisition of the item. Interleaved copies of his own Formal Logic and Arithmetical Books, with notes, press clippings and diagrams, provide further evi-dence of a witty and erudite man’s thought processes and development. The cataloguing of De Morgan’s library at Senate House Library, University of London, in 2005 considerably deepened insight into how a writer and scholar delved into his books. Not only did it involve a systematic look at all of De Morgan’s books that could be brought together from where they had been scattered across collections, but the presence of an-notations was noted in catalogue records, thereby facilitating further research. De Morgan’s library fits into the conference categories ‘Marginalia practices’ (especially ‘Humour and sarcasm in marginalia’) and ‘Editorial/preservation projects’. The proposed paper traces the fate of Augustus de Morgan’s library at the University of London: dispersal, loss and reconstruc-tion. Above all it describes and systematises a writ-er’s interaction with his own library to shed light on its value and his thought processes.Dr Karen Attar is the Rare Books Librarian at the Uni-versity of London’s Senate House Library, and an Associate Research Fellow at the Institute of English Studies. She catalogued the library of Augustus De Morgan, on which she is speaking, and has published widely on book collectors and library history (http://research.sas.ac.uk/search/fellow/516/dr-karen-at-tar/).

Thomas Brobjer (Uppsala Universitet), “Nietzsche’s Reading Relevant for Der Antichrist”A full monograph (or perhaps several) could be writ-ten about Nietzsche’s reading relevant for Der Anti-christ. However, the extent to which Der Antichrist owes debt to Nietzsche’s reading is not obvious. In fact, he refers to 34 names, but in almost no case is it apparent that he has read or studied the person in question. Thereto comes that several of the most im-portant sources and stimuli for Der Antichrist, such as Wellhausen, Guyau, Tolstoi, Simplicius, Lecky, Jacolliot and Lippert are not mentioned at all. Actu-

ally, of the 34 names mentioned, almost all of them he knew much better – and had read works by or about – than is obvious from the text. Some of them can even be regarded as discussion-partners or as signposts for alternative views and interpretations. This is, for example, true for St. Augustine, Voltaire, Schopenhauer, Strauss and Renan.

Already as a young child Nietzsche was called by his school-friends “the little pastor” because he knew and often quoted the Bible. His father was a protes-tant pastor, as well as both his grandfathers. Until about the age of 17 he intended to follow in his father steps (and he always had the highest school-grade in the subject religion), but eventually he became the perhaps most radical atheist ever. The first year at university he studied, apart from classical philology, theology (admittedly mostly for his mother’s sake), but even thereafter he continued to read many texts of religious and Christian relevance. I plan to examine and discuss what we can say about Nietzsche’s changing views of Christianity from his reading. I also hope to address some of the problems of using libraries and reading as sources, evidence or signs of intellectual positions and views. Another problem I might address is what to do about the often excess of information (especially for authors like Nietzsche who makes extensive annotations in their books).Thomas Brobjer is Professor in the Department of His-tory of Science and Ideas at Uppsala Universitet. He is the and the author of Nietzsche’s Philosophical Con-text: An Intellectual Biography (2008), Nietzsche and the “English” : the Influence of British and American thinking on his Philosophy (2008) and Nietzsche’s Eth-ics of Character: A Study of Nietzsche’s Ethics and Its Place in the History of Moral Thinking (1995), as well as numerous articles on the German philosopher.

Helen Chambers (Open University), “Reconstructing Joseph Conrad’s library: The Gap between Evidence of Reading and Ownership of Books”Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) was a lifelong omnivo-rous multilingual reader. While there is rich episto-lary evidence of his reading after he left the sea to be-come a full time writer, his reading during his Polish childhood, and his twenty sea years in France and in the British Merchant Service, is sparsely document-ed and demands multiple investigative strategies. While sporadic attempts have been made over the past two decades to examine Conrad’s reading, these have drawn heavily on literary allusions in his letters and fiction, and on the auction catalogues of his library after his death, and there has been no systematic evidence-based study of either his read-ing or his acquisition and ownership of books. With the completion of the Collected Letters project, and related material, a more comprehensive examina-tion now possible. Although Conrad left no relevant diaries or notebooks, first-hand evidence of reading is to found in the over 600 vividly described acts of reading in his letters, now retrievable from the Read-ing Experience Database (UKRED), and from other less robust, but still valuable sources. Using various methodologies it is possible to virtually reconstruct

Programme.indd 6 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 7 -

his library at various stages of his unusual life and map this to evidence of reading; the gaps and contra-dictions of this map will be highlighted. The frequent references in Conrad’s letters to acquiring borrowing and lending books are evidence of a dynamic rather than a static library. I will also show why the infor-mal posthumous listings of his books and the auc-tion catalogues provide a highly distorted snapshot of the personal library of a writer whose life was often unsettled and nomadic, who was not an intentional collector of valuable books, who shared many books with friends, and whose eventual celebrity led to rap-id international dispersal of his residual library after death.Helen Chambers graduated in medicine from Monash University, Australia, gained postgraduate qualifica-tions as a specialist pathologist, and after a success-ful clinical and academic career in Canada, Australia and the UK, returned to her first love, literature. She gained an MA at the Open University and is now a doc-toral candidate in its Book History Research Group, undertaking a comprehensive, evidence-based study of Joseph Conrad’s reading.

Ben De Bruyn (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), “American Readers at Home: Tradition, Lifestyle and Libraries”In this presentation, I will examine the represen-tation of books and libraries in coffee-table books about classic American authors and their homes. My starting point is the work of Jim Collins, who has recently argued (Bring on the Books for Everybody, 2010) that increases in purchasing power as well as the lack of an official education in matters of taste has led to an unprecedented interpenetration of liter-ary reading, popular culture and what is perceived to be tasteful consumerism. In the last decades, as he convincingly demonstrates, both quality movies and quality fiction have revealed a remarkable interest in such non-literary pursuits as tourism, gastronomy, self-help thinking and, crucially, interior decoration. Simultaneously, the classics and literary heritage more broadly are reinterpreted in terms of tasteful lifestyle advice. Developing this argument, I will fur-ther analyze the contemporary commercialization of literary tradition and the associated conjunction of literature and lifestyle by comparing two recent “cof-fee table books”, the popular literary history of Amer-ican Authors at Home (McClatchy/Lennard, 2004) and the library decoration manual Decorating with Books (Hueston, 2006). After discussing the nature of coffee-table volumes in more detail (with the help of Leah Price’s work in the history of the book), I will show that these two examples, despite their different provenance (the non-profit Library of America and the lifestyle magazine House Beautiful, respectively) offer remarkably similar advice about how to orga-nize our books, our libraries and our reading spaces.Ben De Bruyn is a member of the MDRN research group and a postdoctoral researcher of the Fund for Scien-tific Research (FWO) associated with the University of Leuven, Belgium. He has written on ecocriticism, liter-ary heritage and Cormac McCarthy, and has just pub-lished a book on the German and English writings of

the famous reception theorist Wolfgang Iser (Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, 2012).

Hélène de Jacquelot (Università di Pisa), “Stendhal en apprentissage: Pratiques de lecture et d’écriture”Hélène de Jacquelot is Associate Professor of French Literature at the Department of Philology, Literature and Linguistics of the University of Pisa. Her publica-tions include Stendhal: marginalia e scrittura (1991); an edition of Idées italiennes sur quelques tableaux celebres by Abraham Constantin and Stendhal (co-edited by S. Teroni, Paris, in press) and of volume 1 of Stendhal’s Journaux et papiers (co-edited by C. Mey-nard and R. Corredor, in press).

Annet den Haan (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), “Gi-annozzo Manetti’s New Testament” In the middle of the fifteenth century, the Florentine humanist Giannozzo Manetti (1396-1459) produced a new Latin translation of the New Testament from the original Greek, which has not yet appeared in print. Of this translation I am currently preparing an edition with commentary. Manetti carried out his Biblical scholarship almost simultaneously with Lo-renzo Valla, but unlike his more famous contempo-rary, left no notes to explain his translation choices. However, the writing process of the text can be re-constructed in some detail from Manetti’s personal copy of the translation and from the Biblical sources in his library, which was preserved virtually intact among the Palatines in the Vatican. The aim of this paper is to show how Manetti’s translation method can be traced from the textual evidence provided by his manuscripts. It will focus on (1) Manetti’s Greek Biblical sources, (2) the marginalia in his copy of the Vulgate, which he used as a model, and (3) Manetti’s habit to emend and rework his writings as it appears from annotations in his handwriting. An analysis of the sources and their marginalia shows how Manetti dealt with variant readings in the Greek and Latin tradition. Furthermore, it is clear from the correc-tions and alterations in Manetti’s translation that his method took shape during the process: he changed his mind about some particular translation choices and text-critical decisions. Subsequently, alterations were made to the first books of the New Testament to make them consistent with the rest of the text. Some translation choices can therefore be placed in chronological order. This new information enables us to decisively determine the influence of Valla’s notes on Manetti’s Biblical scholarship for the first time. Annet den Haan earned a bachelor’s degree in clas-sics in 2006 and a masters degree in Literary Studies and Philology in 2008, both at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (The Netherlands). For her master’s pro-gram she spent one semester at the University of Bo-logna. She graduated cum laude with an MA thesis on an unpublished treatise by Hugo Grotius. In 2010 she joined the History of Philosophy department at the Philosophy Faculty of Rijksuniversiteit Gronin-gen. She is currently working on a PhD thesis under the working title Giannozzo Manetti’s New Testament. Translation Theory and Practice in Fifteenth-Century Italy, which is part of Professor Lodi Nauta’s research

Programme.indd 7 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 8 -

project Humanists as Philosophers. João Dionísio (Universidade de Lisboa), “Von Gri-bskov according to Rilke”The library of the Portuguese writer and analytic phi-losopher M. S. Lourenço (1936-2009) was donated to the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon in 2011. Two years before this donation, a collected edi-tion of his literary works was published including a text in which he briefly addressed the circumstances surrounding the appearance of his literary alter ego, “Alexis von Gribskov”. In 1962 when he was a soldier fighting in Angola, the then young M. S. Lourenço published his second book, titled O Doge (‘The Doge’, a reference to the chief of state of the republic of Ven-ice). This book, whose titlepage ascribes the authorial status to “Alexis Christian von Rätselhaft und Grib-skov” and the translation to M. S. Lourenço, hosts a series of short narrative pieces unchained from a rigid understanding of the Aristotelian categories of time and space. Although this was the first public appearance of this alias, the alternative name kept on emerging throughout Lourenço’s life in a variety of contexts. It is now possible to retrieve and interpret some signs of the genesis of this alter ego in a number of Lourenço’s library items and archive documents. The main goal of this paper is to shed some light on the role several books by Rilke extant in Lourenço’s library played in the making of his literary persona.João Dionisio teaches at the University of Lisbon, where he directs the Programme in Textual Criticism (http://www.fl.ul.pt/pct). He has worked on the edi-tion of Portuguese medieval and modern authors and is currently preparing an edition of Almeida Garrett’s play Frei Luís de Sousa (1844). Regarding the sub-ject of the paper to be delivered in this conference, he published a collected edition of M. S. Lourenço’s liter-ary work (2009) and coordinates the inventory of his papers (forthcoming).

Warwick Gould (Institute of English Studies, Univer-sity of London), “Wider Still, and Wider: W. B. Yeats Libraries and Textual Biography” This paper considers the evidences of Yeats’s use of books, including many no longer in his possession, to try to link his reading with his obsessive rewriting post-publication.Warwick Gould is the Director of the Institute of Eng-lish Studies. He is the author of numerous articles on W. B. Yeats, the Irish Revival and the Irish History of the Book, and he has edited (with John Kelly and Deir-dre Toomey) volume 2 of The Collected Letters of W. B. Yeats and (with Deirdre Toomey) Yeats’s Mythologies (2005). He is also the editor Yeats Annual.

Lucy Ella Hawkins (Surrey University), “The Watts’ Secret Library: The Readings and Writings of George and Mary Watts” The eminent Victorian artist George Frederic Watts O.M. R.A. and his wife Mary Watts are not widely known for their literary works. However, as a PhD student working on the Mary Watts archive at the Watts Gallery as part of my thesis, I have discovered – through a reading of Mary Watts’s original and un-

published diaries and journals – that the Wattses were extremely keen readers and writers. G. F. Watts – who saw himself as a ‘poet-painter’ – published many articles and wrote narratives to accompany many of his paintings, as well as publishing diatribes against women wearing corsets in the nineteenth century. Even more interestingly, Mary Watts wrote and pub-lished three volumes documenting her husband’s life, meticulously catalogued his works and wrote her own comments on his paintings in the margins, and wrote a plethora of diaries, journals and day-books in which she experiments with narrative and poetry; fragments of verse and prose are scattered sporadically on some of the pages. She also docu-ments in her diaries what she and her husband read in the “niche” – the Watts’ designated reading place which she decorated. Mary Watts’s unpublished dia-ries reveal the couple’s secret library as well as their thoughts on their famous literary contemporaries and predecessors – many of whom G.F.Watts painted for his ‘Hall of Fame’ (which is currently on loan to the Watts Gallery from the Tate). From William Wat-son, Tennyson, Oscar Wilde, George Meredith and Jane Austen to writings on Brahmanism, this paper will focus on the secret library of the Wattses and their writings on what they read, as well as their own writings – especially Mary Watts’s diaries, in which the evident process of composing, cutting, sticking and editing pieces of her and her husband’s writing provides a unique and unprecedented insight into the private reading and writing habits of the Wattses. Lucy Ella Hawkins is a research student at the Uni-versity of Surrey, Guildford.

Robert Heyes, (John Clare Society), “John Clare’s Li-brary” John Clare’s library is a rare survival, an almost complete library from the early nineteenth century. It is preserved in the Northampton Central Library, almost as it was left at the time of Clare’s death in 1864; the only major losses were a few choice items sold in 1902 to raise funds. In some respects it is typical of a working man’s library of the period, but, being the library of a major poet, it contains many books, particularly poetical works, which were pre-sented to Clare by friends and admirers, and in-cludes some rare and unusual works. Clare was not much given to writing in his books, although there are exceptions; his manuscripts and journal re-veal something of his reading habits, since he used these to note extracts from his reading in the man-ner of a commonplace book. In addition to his own library, Clare had access to other private libraries, some modest, some very large, in the area where he lived, and his manuscripts reveal that he borrowed books from such libraries and in return lent books to the owners of these libraries. John Clare was very fond of making books, and many of his manuscripts consist of leaves, sometimes scraps cut from the ad-dress leaves of letters, sewn together to make a little book. In addition, the letters he received, which are preserved in the British Library, were also sewn to-gether to make books; the arrangement has been lost now but originally there were thirty-four of these let-

Programme.indd 8 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 9 -

ter books. These home-made books were an integral part of Clare’s library, used in conjunction with the printed books, and sometimes lent to friends with whom he exchanged books. Robert Heyes trained as an inorganic chemist and spent most of his working life as a school teacher. At the same time he built up a collection of books and manuscripts by and about John Clare. This he was able to use in writing a PhD thesis at Birkbeck en-titled ‘Looking to Futurity: John Clare and Provincial Culture’.

Edmund G. C. King (The Open University), “E. W. Hornung: a Writer and His YMCA Soldiers’ Library during World War I”Within weeks of the declaration of hostilities in Au-gust 1914, the destruction of a library had become synonymous with the annihilating potential of the war itself. The burning of Louvain University Library by German troops on the night of 25–26 August 1914 quickly became a cause célèbre in Allied propagan-da—a potent symbol of German “ghastliness.” How-ever, it also indicates the extent to which this was a war about national cultures. The deliberate targeting of libraries, archives, and other textual repositories early in the war reflects their role as cultural, lin-guistic, and historical signifiers, and shows how bib-lioclasm contributed to what Alan Kramer calls the wider “dynamic of destruction” that perpetuated the conflict. There was, however, a flip-side to the destruction of libraries such as the one at Louvain: the eagerness of each side to mobilize its literary cul-ture—and its writers themselves—in support of their war efforts. In Britain, the war revealed a huge, al-most insatiable hunger for books among the public, both as sources of information about the war and as spaces for personal distraction. Governments and voluntary agencies quickly sought to harness this new reading potential for their own ends. From hastily assembled YMCA reading-room collections to more systematic operations like the Camps’ Library, British and Commonwealth soldiers were bombard-ed with texts, the dissemination of which was meant to maintain morale and strengthen soldierly under-standings of their own national cultures. Although these organization-level arrangements succeeded in distributing truly astonishing volumes of printed ma-terial by war’s end, they coincided with quieter, more personal forms of writerly mobilization. While the ef-forts of writers like Edward Thomas and Ford Madox Hueffer to place themselves directly within the con-flict, and of others, such as Rudyard Kipling and John Buchan, to influence public opinion from without, are well-known, the “self-mobilization” of the Edward-ian popular novelist E. W. Hornung is less famous. Hornung, the author of the Raffles myster-ies, volunteered for service with the YMCA and op-erated a lending library for soldiers near Arras in late 1917 and early 1918. In keeping with the wid-er “dynamics of destruction” that characterized the war, the library’s stocks were themselves destroyed in the German Spring Offensive of 1918. However, Hornung’s war diary, now housed at the University of Birmingham, preserves a detailed—and hitherto

overlooked—account of the day-to-day operations of the library, along with his novelistic portraits of some of its users and their reading tastes and habits. Hornung’s front-line library is revelatory in two ways. It enables us to reconstruct the soldierly experience of textual encounter in the YMCA tent and come face-to-face with otherwise obscure male Edwardian “common readers” in the zone of conflict. However, Hornung’s detailed reflections on his library’s oper-ations can also provide something else: an insight into the cultural, moral, and religious considerations that led volunteers like Hornung to organize and en-courage reading and textual circulation in wartime. Edmund G. C. King is a postdoctoral Research Asso-ciate in the Department of English at The Open Uni-versity, where he works on the Reading Experience Database. His current research focuses on reading practices in the First World War.

Leah Knight (Brock University), “Reading Anne Clif-ford Reading” Anne Clifford (1590-1676) is well-known for her life-writing, which provides an early example in English of a woman keeping this kind of secular account. Clif-ford is also relatively well-known for her long-fought lawsuits, undertaken at her mother’s instigation, to become heir to her father’s titles and lands despite her father’s will to the contrary. In northern Eng-land she is still remembered for her vigorous work in restoring buildings on her estates after she finally took up this inheritance in middle age. An aspect of Clifford’s life that has only lately received compa-rable attention is the significant place of reading in her life and the unusual variety and types of evidence adducing it. Her reading is often iconically summed up with reference to what is known as “The Great Picture,” a triptych portrait Cliford commissioned in the 1640s; it is now at Abbot Hall Art Gallery in Ken-dal, Cumbria. The central panel shows her nuclear family, but each wing features herself alone, as a teenager and in her fifties. In each wing, Clifford is shown surrounded primarily by books—not a generic or blurry backdrop, but a set of precisely identifiable volumes with titles and authors legibly inscribed. These two distinct virtual libraries proffer a tanta-lizing yet also obviously problematic perspective on Clifford’s actual reading. I propose to examine this artifact and to relate it to other pieces of the eviden-tiary puzzle: what Clifford wrote about reading in her diaries as well as in the margins of her books (some of which survive). I will thereby offer both an over-view of, and selected case studies from, my current research into the reading experience of Anne Clifford, with an evaluation of the relative powers and limita-tions of available forms of evidence and ways of rep-resenting them on page and screen.Leah Knight is Associate Professor of early modern non-dramatic literature in the Department of English at Brock University. Her first book, Of Books and Botany in Early Modern England: Sixteenth-Century Plants and Print Culture, was awarded the British So-ciety for Literature and Science book prize in 2010. Currently she is pursuing research into the reading experience of Anne Clifford (1590-1676).

Programme.indd 9 08/03/2013 17:15:12

- 10 -

Beth Lau (California State University, Long Beach), “Keats’s Library”Before John Keats left for Italy, where he died of tu-berculosis in 1821, he made up an informal will, the chief item of which was the request that his “Chest of Books” be “divide[d] among [his] friends” (Letters 2: 319). Clearly Keats valued his library and in fact considered it his most important possession. After his death his friend Charles Brown, as a first step in carrying out Keats’s bequest, drew up a list of the po-et’s books comprised of seventy-eight titles (The Ke-ats Circle 1: 253-60). This list, along with additional books we know from other sources that Keats once owned (books now extant that contain his signature and/or marginalia; books mentioned in his letters), offers insight into the reading and collecting habits of this important writer and also suggests what kinds of books a person of Keats’s class and background in early nineteenth-century England would have owned. Although many scholars have consulted Brown’s list and other evidence of Keats’s reading for studies of particular works, none (to my knowledge) has attempted to compile a complete list of Keats’s books or analyzed his library as a whole. My pa-per will supplement Brown’s list with other titles of books Keats owned and examine what the resulting document reveals about his interests, reading, and collecting habits. I shall also address the question of where Keats may have acquired his books.Beth Lau is Professor Emeritus of English at Califor-nia State University, Long Beach, who now resides in Bloomington, Indiana. She has written numerous works on John Keats’s reading and marginalia, in-cluding Keats’s Reading of the Romantic Poets (1991), Keats’s Paradise Lost (1998), and an essay on Keats and Shakespeare for volume 4 of the Great Shake-speareans series (ed. Adrian Poole, 2010).

Stanton J. Linden (Washington State University), “Henry Power (c. 1626-1668) and MS. Sloane 1346: the Life and Library of a Northcountry Doctor” The intentions of this paper are threefold: 1) to pro-vide a very brief introduction to the life and work of a little known, seventeenth-century physician and nat-ural philosopher, Henry Power, including his birth and early schooling in Halifax and his Cambridge education (BA 1644, MA 1648, and MD 1655). This was followed by his return to Halifax and the begin-ning of his career as a country doctor. 2) Power’s Cambridge years and those that followed in his York-shire medical practice, were by no means common-place and prosaic: here he also pursued important experiments in natural philosophy (particularly op-tics) and his carefully prepared investigative reports came to the attention of the nascent Royal Society, to which Power was elected Fellow in July, 1663. The following year, his only published book, Experimen-tal Philosophy, appeared in London. This important work, carefully studied by Charles Webster in a 1967 Ambix article, was the first English book on the sub-ject of microscopy. Its fame was short-lived, how-ever, in that it was soon permanently overshadowed by the publication of Robert Hooke’s Micrographia

(1665), with its abundance of beautifully detailed il-lustrative plates. With brief treatment of such introductory matters completed, I turn to my primary and most original topic, 3) Power’s library: its content, orga-nization, influence upon his own thought and writ-ings, and what this booklist might reveal about the training of doctors and the practice of medicine in the middle decades of the seventeenth century. Among the twenty-five or so Sloane manuscripts in the Brit-ish Library that bear Power’s name, MS Sloane 1346 is of special interest for a conference on Writers and their Libraries. It opens with the following statement: A Catalogue of all my Bookes takenthis 1st of September 1664 just before myremoveall to Wakefield. [fol.1r]

Power’s Catalogue appears in sixteen folios, measur-ing approximately 8 x 14 cms., written in ink and usually in what appears to have been a “hurried hand,” as if he were preparing the list as he is remov-ing books from shelves in his Halifax abode and plac-ing them in boxes for immediate transfer to Wake-field. The booklist of some 560 titles would thus be a reminder to himself of what, precisely, his library contained, or a form of insurance should books go missing along the way. My inference that the Cat-alogue may have functioned as a kind of “packing list” is also supported by the fact that it is arranged according to the sizes of the books in various cat-egories, which are themselves determined by the lan-guages in which the books were written. As most of us have experienced—perhaps many times—Power’s unwieldy folios have been kept together, separate from the much more “packable” quartos and octavos. Thus in fol. 1 (non-English books in folio) we find “Dan: Sennerts opera in 3 Folios,” along with Cicero’s opera omnia in 3 Folios.” Or again, his “Bookes in 4to Latin” [fol.3] include a great variety of disparate authors and titles: “Paracels[us] opera in 4 vols:,” “Sophocles tragedies in Greek & Latin,” “Gilbertus de Magnete,” “grandamicus de imobilitate terra,” and “An old Latin Herball.” The Catalogue is definitely not organized by subject! As one can see from these few examples, Power’s Catalogue relies very heavily on a kind of bibliographical shorthand in the arrangement of the titles within each size and language category. Most commonly, entries include both author and title, but at times only one of these identifiers is included, e.g. “Chillingworth” [fol.2r] and “Ben Johnson”[sic], [fol.2r], or “The Knight of the burning: pestle” and “Pompey: a tragedy” [both fol. 14e]. Publications dates are almost never given, and edition identifi-ers are exceptional: e.g., “Plutark’ Lives; english of the last Edition” and “the Dutchess of Newcastle her workes in 3 folios English” [fol.2v]. Much of this presentation will be devoted to the many types of connections between specific Cat-alogue entries and Power’s major work, the Experi-mental Philosophy. Additionally, I will consider this record of his library in several relevant seventeenth-century medical, scientific, intellectual and artistic

Programme.indd 10 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 11 -

contexts, such as medical authorities and texts, the training of doctors, traditional and contemporary philosophical traditions, issues of hermetic/alchemi-cal/Rosicrucian texts (e.g., Paracelsus, van Helmont, Agrippa, Dee) versus those representative of the new, experimental science (Bacon, Harvey, Boyle, Des-cartes), and the presence of an unusual number of titles by contemporary literary authors (e.g., Donne, Jonson, Sir Thomas Browne, John Cleveland, the Duchess of Newcastle). These topics await further analysis of the contents of this interesting and un-usual bibliographical record.Stanton J. Linden, Professor Emeritus of English, Washington State University, taught primarily Renais-sance and seventeent-century literature. His books include “Darke Hierogliphicks”: Alchemy in English Literature from Chaucer to the Restoration and recent-ly edited works, The Alchemy Reader and Mystical Metal of Gold: Essays on Alchemy and Renaissance Culture. He also edited the journal Cauda Pavonis: Studies in Hermeticism.

Telê Ancona Lopez (Universidade de São Paulo), “Mario de Andrade’s Macunaíma begun in Koch--Grünberg’s book”The Brazilian writer Mario de Andrade (1893-1945) was a polygraph, a modern writer in his proposals and approaches, has critically chosen in his solid and always renovated cultural resources everything that seemed coherent for the production of a current, and frequently visionary, oeuvre. Appropriation, in-tertextuality, creation dialogue, and anthropophagy avant la lettre perform Mario de Andrade’s sifting ex-pressed, in 1922, as in the lock of the stanza that set-tles the poet’s profession of faith “The Troubadour”, in the first really modern book of Brazilian Modernism, Paulicéia Desvairada: “I am a Tupi Indian strumming a lute!” [J. E. Tomlin’s translation].

The 17,000 volumes of Mario de Andrade’s collection are especially significant for their extensive marginalia (99% written in pencil) which practically reach all the areas concerning its titles, mostly, titles and note, regarding literature – Brazilian, French, German and Italian literatures – followed by books and reviews of fine arts, music, ethnography and ethnology. Regardless of whether the titles include notes or not, they somehow endorse the memory of the polygrapher’s writing procedures; their composi-tion. This memory is bound to explicit and implicit dialogues that can be detected in his shelves and are also connected to matrixes that have the same characteristics. The explicit dialogues and matrixes are initially materialized on side notes which signify a new text whose manuscripts results from the ap-propriation in the ambit of intertextuality and trans-disciplinarity, concerning the genesis of his poetry, fiction and essays. In certain circumstances, this ap-propriation springs from the margins, between lines and on blank pages, as a manuscript on a printed text, private hypertext (Grunbrecht) crystallizing rough drafts or first versions (prototexts) as a super-posed manuscript on a printed text; a private hyper-text (Grunbrecht). I will concentrate my discussion on the first known version of the Mario de Andrade’s

rhapsody, Macunaima (1926), on the margins of v.II, Mythen und Legenden in der Taulipang und Arekuna Indianer from the great work by Theodor Koch-Grün-berg, Vom Roraima zum Orinoco.Telê Ancona Lopez is Full Professor in Brazilian Lit-erature at the Institute of Brazilian Studies and at the School of Philosophy, Modern Languages and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo. Her investiga-tions concentrate on avant-garde studies of the twen-tieth century and the work of Brazilian Modernists – especially Mário de Andrade’s, whose archive she has organized. She has dedicate her time to the analysis of this writer’s creation process in the library that once belonged to him.

Eva Nieto McAvoy (Birkbeck College, University of London), “Scrapbooks of Exile: the Spanish-British Library of Arturo Barea (1939-1957)”The purpose of this paper is to explore the private library of Arturo Barea, a Spanish Republican Exile writer in Britain. Arturo Barea (1897-1957) arrived in England in February 1939 as one of many victims of the Spanish Civil War. During his exile in England he became a writer, literary critic and broadcaster for the BBC Latin American Service, publishing the first volume of his autobiographical trilogy The Forging of a Rebel in 1941 with Faber & Faber, edited by T.S. Eliot. Having arrived in England as a refugee with little more than a suitcase Barea acquired, during his 18 years in exile, a library of primarily Spanish books that has been kept almost intact by his niece in her house in London, to the point that the books have remained on their original bookshelves, designed and built by Barea himself. Aside from the contemporary and rare books he collected, the library is comple-mented by the writer’s private archive. Examined to-gether, they help reconstruct not only how some of the holdings were acquired but also Barea’s reading and writing habits, particularly in relation with his work as a literary critic for Horizon, Tribune and TLS. The materials also include a substantial number of scrapbooks from different periods in which Barea collected newspaper articles directly related to his work. The aim of this paper is to explore one particu-lar scrapbook from 1939, when Barea first arrived in Britain. The scrapbook contains a collection of ar-ticles about Spain from British and Spanish newspa-pers, which informed Barea’s earliest writings on the topic for several British weeklies. Together, the books and scrapbooks testify to the role played by Barea’s exile library in maintaining the author’s relationship with the homeland while negotiating his place in the cultural sphere of his new home country.Eva Nieto McAvoy holds an MA in the History of the Book from the Institute of English Studies at the School of Advanced Study, University of London. She is cur-rently a PhD candidate in the Iberian and Latin Ameri-can Studies Department at Birkbeck, University of London, with an AHRC Doctoral Award. Her research focuses on the Spanish Republican Exile writer Arturo Barea. She has published “A Spaniard Discovers Eng-land: Arturo Barea and the BBC Latin American Ser-vice” in Wasafiri 26, 4 (2011).

Programme.indd 11 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 12 -

Catherine Mc Kenna (King’s College London), “Blur-ring the lines between fiction and document: an ex-amination of the ‘invisible literatures’ of the library of J. G. Ballard” I am employed at present by the J. G. Ballard estate to catalogue his private library collection and this proj-ect is likely to be completed within the next month. I propose to present a paper focusing on this library collection and in particular looking at the presence of scientific literature within the library and the ways in which Ballard used this material in his work. The paper will explore Ballard’s re-appropriation and sampling of sections from scientific texts in his own writings, altering and skewing them to explore new meanings. Ballard’s interest in the Dada and Sur-realism movements, and how the use of what Ballard termed the ‘invisible literatures’ of scientific journals, pamphlets and circulars can be seen as a form of Da-daist/Surrealist collage, will also be examined. The use of such material can be seen to blur the lines between fiction and document/artefact and between fiction and reality, and such tensions and blurring of boundaries will also be explored. Precious few exam-ples of such ‘invisible literatures’ survive in Ballard’s library, but those that do provide a valuable insight into the creative processes through which some of Ballard’s experimental texts were created, and into the diverse ways in which Ballard engaged with his library. This paper will seek to examine this particu-lar writer’s engagement with his library, exploring his creation of a collection which acted as a resource for his writing, an inspiration for his imagination and a fertile archive of materials from which to sample and re-appropriate.Catherine Mc Kenna is a PhD candidate at King’s Col-lege, London. Her research focuses on the theme of mediation in the work of J. G. Ballard. In 2011-2012 she was employed by the J. G. Ballard Estate to cata-logue Ballard’s private library collection. The results of this cataloguing project form a significant part of her research project.

Christopher M. Ohge (University of Maine), “Paul Bowles’s Sources, Analogues, and Private Library: A Case Study in Building a Virtual Library”The reading practices of Paul Bowles—the consum-mate expatriate, traveler, and prodigious composer and writer—have received little scholarly attention, perhaps due to the fact that he often claimed that he wrote spontaneously and was hardly influenced by other writers. Consider his comment from a 30 October 1969 letter about Camus’s influence on his writing: “As to Camus, I first read La Peste in 1947, more or less at the halfway point in writing The Sheltering Sky. L’Étranger I didn’t read until considerably later, well after I’d read Le Mythe de Si-syphe. My personal opinion is that Camus had no influence whatever on my writing.” Yet, at the end of that same letter, he admitted to having read Lautré-amont, Gide, and Proust, who “were great favorites of mine when I was in my teens and early twenties; those years are always important for their formative effect.”[1]No scholar has yet compiled a checklist of books that Bowles is known to haveowned, bor-

rowed, or consulted in order to investigate his pos-sible stylistic and philosophical influences that re-sembles, for instance, Merton Sealts’s checklist in Melville’s Reading(1955). Though Bowles’s books had a significant presence in his apartment in Tangier, little information exists about their details or current whereabouts. How, then, would one study Bowles’s reading and reconstruct Bowles’s library in the digi-tal sphere, and how would one provide a reliable checklist on Bowles’s sources and influences for this virtual library? A study in Bowles’s sources and ana-logues would provide a model for this reconstructed library, in addition to suggesting that Bowles’s read-ing of writers such as Camus, Lautréamont, Gide, and Proust significantly shaped his own writing. Christopher M. Ohge is the Postdoctoral Fellow in Digi-tal Humanities at the University of Maine. He is also the associate editor at Melville’s Marginalia Online (melvillesmarginalia.org) and the Melville Electronic Library (mel.hofstra.edu). His scholarship focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature and phi-losophy, textual studies, archival research, and digital bibliography.

Richard W. Oram (Harry Ransom Center at the Uni-versity of Texas at Austin), “Writers’ Libraries: A Cu-ratorial Perspective” The Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin probably holds more libraries of modern English and American writers than any other insti-tution. These include the libraries of Ezra Pound, James Joyce, Evelyn Waugh, T. H. White and numer-ous other figures. As we know, writers’ libraries have both an evidentiary and iconic function. While both curators and scholars understandably stress the evi-dentiary aspect, the lure of an author’s books to the non-scholar enthusiast cannot be overestimated; in this regard, I will discuss my library’s recent experi-ence with the acquisition of a portion of the library of the late American novelist David Foster Wallace. In the main part of my paper, I will under-take an overview of Anglo-American institutional col-lecting, arguing that this was stimulated by postwar, large-scale collecting of modern writers’ archives, which accounts for the large number of these collec-tions at the Ransom Center. It may be that current economic and space constraints will militate against the acquisition of entire libraries in the future and that some compromises will need to be made. Au-thors’ libraries present significant curatorial chal-lenges to even the largest special collections. While some have deplored the dispersal through sale of vol-umes belonging to important authors, this has been the usual fate of such libraries until relatively re-cently, and as a practical matter it is highly unlikely that all of them can or will be institutionalized. I will present the perspectives of antiquarian booksellers and special collections librarians on the sale en bloc and dispersal of writers’ libraries, with particular at-tention to the case of John Fowles (whose archive is held by the Ransom Center). I will conclude with some remarks on the cataloging and arrangement of writers’ libraries, why it is often so difficult to locate information about them, and what can be done about

Programme.indd 12 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 13 -

that situation.Richard Oram is Associate Director and Hobby Foun-dation Librarian at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. He received his B.A. from the University of Illinois at Ur-bana-Champaign, his Ph.D. in English from Cornell, and an M.L.I.S. from the University of Texas. He has published over twenty-five articles on library history, special collections management, and literature (includ-ing a recent article on Evelyn Waugh’s library). His current project is a book of essays on American and British authors’ libraries, with a location guide.

John Orr (University of Portland), “Marginalia in the Library of Henry Adams: Sites of Contestation”For several years, I have been auditing—H. L. Jack-son’s term for investigating marginalia—the marginal writing that appears in the extant library of Henry Adams, housed at the Massachusetts Historical Soci-ety in Boston. The author of The Education of Henry Adams among many other historical and belletristic works, Adams descended from early Presidents of the United States, and was a major American thinker at the turn of the twentieth century. Marginalia in his library reveal two types of confrontation and con-testation. The first is often between Adams and the author of the book at hand. Whether reading his-torical accounts in preparation for some of his own works or reading physical science at the turn of the century in order to prepare himself for the scientific theories that inform the later chapters of The Educa-tion and several subsequent works, Adams engages in debate with the author, though at times (famous-ly when reading Das Kapital), he resigns himself to frustration when struggling to understand a concept. But the contestation also is an internal one. Karen Littau, among others, has recently reminded us that historically reading contained an affective element—an emotional, physical response to the text being read. I contend that traces of that affective response are visible in Adams’s marginalia, though they are often overwhelmed by acts of intellection. Moreover, Adams at times left clues about when and where he read a book, and in some specific instances, the site of reading impacts his affective response. Being someone who was truly dedicated to the life of the mind, and because of his heritage being extremely aware of the public nature even of marginalia, Adams ultimately overrides emotional responses with intel-lectual and more guarded comments.John Orr is an English professor at the University of Portland, specializing in American literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He is also Assistant to the Provost for Honors and Fellowships and Grants. His research on Henry Adams dates back to his dissertation, though recent work has focused on marginalia in Adams’s personal library and what those marginal commentaries can teach us about the act of reading by one actual reader.

Carmen Peraita (Villanova University), “Que-vedo’s Books and his Marginal Annotations” Quevedo (1580-1645) was the most widely printed and one of the most read, if perplexing, authors of

early modern Spain. He also enjoyed European rec-ognition and corresponded occasionally with hu-manists such as Lipsius or Gaspar Scioppius. Suc-cessful poet, irascible historian, sharp satirist and ambitious polymath, with a penchant for neo-stoic self-fashioning, political maneuverings and es-chatological excesses, his contentious humanistic persona reveals the seamy side of courtly politics, moral struggle, and enforced religious orthodoxy. This paper has two parts. The first studies the inventory of Quevedo’s library (1646), specifi-cally books he owned but that the inventory does not register. A handful of his volumes that have been located were not included in the post-mortem appraisal of his library. The second part focuses on several instances of his reading notes, annota-tions in volumes he owned. My paper explores the contexts in which Quevedo’s reading and annotat-ing practices were perceived as defining features of his humanistic persona. His annotated copy of More’s Utopia is case in which Quevedo’s reading notes and his creative work are linked. I also ex-plore the only instance of Quevedo’s emendation in one of his own printed texts, Carta a Luis XIII, as well as two annotated volumes recently discovered: Malvezzi’s David Perseguido and Statius’s Sylvarum. Beyond usual considerations of the relevance of an author’s marginal notes --insights into ways of reading-- I suggest that Quevedo’s marginalia have significance for exploring his idiosyncrasies as an au-thor, his ambivalences concerning self-fashioning. On the one side, he presents himself as a humanist de-tached from political turmoil and, on the other side, as an experienced political author (as in Carta a Luis XIII). Carmen Peraita is Professor of Early Modern Cultural History and Literature in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures at Villanova University. She has published extensively on the political and his-torical work of Quevedo, including the book Quevedo y el joven Felipe IV: el principe cristiano y el arte del consejo (1997), as well as several articles on Quevdo’s library, the history of reading, and education in the Renaissance. Cristina Piña (Universidad de Mar del Plata), “Dis-covering Alejandra Pizarnik’s Private Library: Borges, Gide, Salinas and the Theory of Rewriting and Plagia-rizing Tradition” Cristina Piña is Senior Professor of Literary Theory and Criticism and Director of the “Escritura y Produc-tividad” research group at the Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. She has taught courses and semi-nars in several Argentinean universities as well as in universities in the USA, UK, Mexico, Spain, Check Republic and France. She is the author of 9 books of poetry and 11 books of literary criticism (including five on Alejandra Pizarnik).

Adam Smyth (Birkbeck, University of London), “Con-suming texts: Ben Jonson’s library fire of 1623”.What happens when a library goes up in smoke? How might scholarship respond to the ghost of a lost li-brary? In this paper, I will consider the fire that con-sumed Ben Jonson’s library in 1623 to reflect more

Programme.indd 13 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 14 -

broadly on the relationship between lost libraries and literature.

According to John Aubrey, Jonson typi-cally returned home in the evening drunk and then turned to writing; Jonson’s most recent biographer, Ian Donaldson, suggests Jonson probably knocked over a candle that started the fire. The flames seem to have destroyed both manuscripts containing Jon-son’s works-in-progress, and also his treasured li-brary, including volumes borrowed from friends as eminent as Robert Cotton and John Selden.

I will examine the archival traces of burnt books: Jonson’s copy of The works of Claudian (1585) in the Bodleian Library shows evidence of fire damage along with the usual annotations added by Jonson (motto and signature) – perhaps, but not definitively, from the 1623 flames. What is the archival residue of the lost library? I will also consider the ways in which Jonson’s library lives on in his verse, perhaps more richly than it ever did in reality. Jonson’s response to his library fire was to write ‘An Execration Against Vulcan’: a long attack on the indiscriminate, speedy work of the ‘greedy flame[s]’ which ‘devour / So many my years’ labours in an hour.’ Jonson’s poem gives poetic life to his lost works (works which, George Chapman suggested in ‘Invective written against Mr. Ben Jonson’, may never have in fact existed, or may have only existed in a less finished state than Jon-son implies), including his commentary of the Ars Poetica of Horace; an English Grammar; ‘parcels of a Play, Fitter to see the Fire-light, than the day’; and a commonplace book, ‘twice-twelve-years stor’d up Humanity, / With humble Gleanings in Divinity’.

In early modern literary culture, destruction was often intimately related to literary excellence: good readers were discriminating readers who cast aside the unwanted majority of texts. To read well was to produce textual loss. In his ‘An Eclogue on the Death of Ben Jonson’, Lucius Cary suggested that, such was Jonson’s acuity in reading, the notes he compiled from reading would mean ‘It need not care though all the rest were lost.’ This paper will conclude by taking Cary’s hint, and exploring the connection between destruction and reading, and between loss and libraries.Adam Smyth is a Senior Lecturer in English Literature at Birkbeck, University of London, and convener of the Material Texts Network. His research explores the lit-erature and culture of England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His most recent book is Auto-biography in Early Modern England. He is currently working on the inventive materiality of early modern texts, and the remarkable things readers did to books in the name of reading (cutting, pasting, annotating, burning, etc.).

Shafquat Towheed (The Open University), “Edith Wharton’s Libraries”Feted as America’s leading woman of letters, the nov-elist Edith Wharton (1862-1937) was also a remark-able reader and aesthetically sensitive bibliophile. On her death, her extant library (c.4000 books) was divided in half, with only one half surviving the Sec-ond World War intact. Today, owing to the work of

the book collector George Ramsden and the generos-ity of an American benefactor, the remaining half of Wharton’s library is housed in her first purpose built library room, at The Mount in Lenox, Massachusetts. But this is not the whole story, and this paper will attempt to recover evidence of ownership and read-ing of some of the books that have been lost, and also map out some of the transactions between her libraries that occurred throughout Wharton’s life. Studying Wharton’s own libraries, provid-ing a summary of the contents of the extant collec-tions, and scrutinising the aesthetic principles that determined the arrangement of volumes allows us, I would argue, to consider again the importance of libraries to Wharton’s own composition. In this pa-per, I want to examine not the many, sometimes de-tailed depictions of libraries in Wharton’s fiction, but her own library, or more accurately, libraries. Like most writers, and indeed, like so many of us, the books used, owned and read by Wharton were located in more than one space, and sometimes more than one country. There were three main, partly chronologically concurrent but physically separate locations where Wharton’s own books were held. The first was the purpose built library room that she designed at The Mount, in Lenox, Massachu-setts. She bought The Mount in June 1901 and it was her main American residence until she moved to France in 1909. The library room at The Mount was perhaps Wharton’s first expression of the cen-trality of books and the semi-private, semi-public space that they occupied, but two further library rooms in her two permanent French residences, give a much fuller sense of both the scope of Wharton’s reading, and the ways in which the library became her central creative and social space. Between them, the library rooms at Pavillon Colombe, in Saint Brice-sous-Fôret just outside Paris, and Sainte-Claire-du-Château, in Hyères, near Toulon, on the Mediterra-nean coast, contained nearly all the books owned by Edith Wharton in the last two decades of her life. Lo-cated in the Montmorency Forest near Paris, ‘Jean-Marie’, or Pavillon Colombe at Saint Brice-sous-Fôret was Wharton’s Paris residence from August 1919, while the medieval former convent of Sainte-Claire-du-Château became her main residence (and annual winter retreat) from November 1922 until her death. Incomplete inventory lists for both librar-ies at ‘Jean-Marie’ (‘Listes des livres a Jean-Marie’, Beinecke Archive YCAL MSS 42, series V, Box 50, Folder 1502) and Sainte-Claire-du-Chateau allow us to piece together information about the movements of books and transactions between these two libraries, as well as providing first hand evidence of reading and use for books which are no longer physically extant. I will be examining these (and other) primary source documents to flesh out a fuller sense of the biblio-graphic world and intellectual orbit of Edith Whar-ton’s libraries. Investigating Wharton’s libraries pres-ent a fascinating picture of an intellectually vibrant, wide-ranging, multilingual, intertextual and passion-ately involved reader, for whom reading was not just the raw material for her profession, but the expres-sion of complex intellectual and social interactions.

Programme.indd 14 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 15 -

Shafquat Towheed (The Open University) was edu-cated at the universities of London and Cambridge, and is currently Lecturer in English at the Open Uni-versity, where he directs The Reading Experience Da-tabase, 1450-1945 project (http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/reading/UK/) and the Book History Research Group. He is particularly interested in late nineteenth and early twentieth century British and American lit-erature and has written extensively on the history of reading practices. He is co-editor of The History of Reading: A Reader (Routledge, 2010); The History of Reading, Vol. 1: International Perspectives, c. 1550-1990 (Palgrave, 2011) and The History of Reading, Vol.3: Methods, Strategies, Tactics (Palgrave, 2011). His is currently co-editing (with Edmund King) Read-ing and the First World War: Texts, Readers, Archives (forthcoming, Palgrave, 2014). Tom Ue (University College London), “Becoming Giss-ing: Shakespeare and the Staging of Love’s Labour’s Lost” This paper analyzes the impact that Shakespeare had on the nineteenth-century education system, with particular focus on the central role he played in the late-Victorian writer George Gissing’s school-days at Lindlow Grove. In George Gissing at Alder-ley Edge, Pierre Coustillas drew on the accounts of two of Gissing’s schoolmates to reveal the instru-mental role that he played in the two speech nights at the end of each autumn term. In contrast to his “most retiring disposition, and [his being] as modest as he was shy,” Gissing was “at one and the same time stage builder, stage manager, instructor, lead-ing actor, and prompter, as well as . . . chief reciter” (22-23). This period in Gissing’s career has received inadequate critical attention. Gissing’s early writ-ing sheds light on his inclinations to make writing his life’s work, and his interest in the study of Eng-lish language and literature. This paper will entail a thorough examination of Gissing’s margenilia in his copy of Love’s Labour’s Lost, a play that he directed and performed in 1873. Coustillas describes Giss-ing’s annotated copy as “[t]he sole relic of Gissing’s work in preparation for the [Shakspere Scholarship] examination” (12), a test in which Gissing achieved third place in 1873 and first in 1875. Gissing’s early manuscripts and his published writing reflect this curriculum. His first prose publication¾an article titled Our Shaksperean Studies and published in the January 1876 issue of Owens College Magazine¾is housed, like his copy of Love’s Labour’s Lost, in the the George Gissing Collection in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, as are the autograph manuscripts of many of his works. This paper will contribute to our understandings of the young Gissing’s appreciation of Shakespeare, Victorian editions of Shakespeare Tom Ue is Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Doctoral Fellow and Canadian Centennial Scholar in the Department of English Lan-guage and Literature at UCL, where he researches Shakespeare’s influence on the writing of Henry James, George Gissing, and Oscar Wilde. He is pres-

ently co-editing, with Jonathan L. Cranfield, a book on Sherlock Holmes.

Catherine Volpilhac-Auger (Université de Lyon), “La bibliothèque virtuelle Montesquieu” La bibliothèque de Montesquieu est bien connue : d’abord par le catalogue de sa bibliothèque, au châ-teau de La Brède, édité en 1954 et réédité, de manière entièrement nouvelle, en 1999 ; ensuite par ses notes de lectures, qui constituent un matériau abondant : extraits continus, recueils de notes ou marginalia oc-cupent plus de 4 tomes (sur 22) dans les Œuvres complètes de Montesquieu en cours de publication. Ils ont été déjà bien étudiés et on ne retiendra ici que les résultats de cette recherche.Pour un auteur comme Montesquieu, dont la dé-marche philosophique consiste à partir de l’expérience humaine, en ayant constamment soin de produire les preuves de ce qu’il avance, la relation aux livres utili-sés est capitale. Pour l’éditeur de ses œuvres, et pour tout chercheur, il est indispensable d’identifier avec la plus grande précision possible les ouvrages dont il se sert, qu’ils soient explicitement mentionnés ou non. J’insisterai donc sur les modalités de recon-stitution et d’exploitation de ce que j’appellerai “bib-liothèque virtuelle Montesquieu”, dans le cadre d’une base de données qui prenne en compte non seule-ment les ouvrages du « Catalogue de La Brède » (plus de 3300 titres) et la « bibliothèque manuscrite » (ex-traits, notes, marginalia), mais aussi toutes les trac-es de lecture, à travers les citations et les références présentes dans ses œuvres, que j’appellerai sa « bib-liothèque intellectuelle ». Cette “Bibliothèque virtuelle Montesquieu”, composée de ces trois éléments complémentaires mais disparates, qu’il faut concilier et harmoniser, devra proposer une relation aux ouvrages physiques (plus de la moitié de la bibliothèque de La Brède est conservée à la bibliothèque municipale de Bordeaux), et à des numérisations. Ainsi sera mis à la disposi-tion des lecteurs et des chercheurs tout ce que l’on peut connaître de la culture de Montesquieu.Catherine Volpilhac-Auger is Professor at the Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon and co-editor of the Œuvres complètes de Montesquieu. She has published a critical edition of the manuscript of L’Esprit des lois (2008), and has worked on the history of editions of Montesquieu from 1748 to 1964 (2011). She has also published a catalogue of the library of de Montesquieu at La Brède (1999) and is currently at work on a digi-tal edition and database that will permit a reconstruc-tion of this library.

Anne Welsh (University College London), “The Poet’s Poets: Collections and Anthologies in Walter de la Mare’s Working Library”Walter de la Mare’s Working Library (Senate House classmark [WdlM]) comprises over 650 books and pamphlets that he identified as important to him in his writing practice, and represents a wide range of subject interests – from Natural History through to folk tales. Over a third of the collection has been an-notated, offering a rare opportunity to engage with

Programme.indd 15 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 16 -

a writer’s acts of reading and compare them with his own creative output of short stories and poems. In analysing the poetry collections and anthologies within the Working Library, it is apparent that de la Mare uses one of the annotation techniques Jackson has identified as most common – a simple list of page numbers on a fly-leaf, very occasionally with notes. This paper discusses the poems that de la Mare has highlighted in this way within the wider context of his poetry collection and his own poetic practice and considers the contribution that a knowledge of these annotations makes to our understanding of de la Mare’s own poems. It also touches briefly on the other annotation techniques he employed in other locations (marginalia, underscoring and the ink copy mark-up found in editions of his own pub-lications (Senate House [WdlM T]). As well as being a main reviewer for the Times Literary Supplement, Walter de la Mare was a very successful poet in his lifetime, being awarded a Civil List pension to fo-cus on his writing. Although his poetry for adults has fallen out of critical favour, he remains a main-stay of teaching for children, as one of the ten poets most regularly taught in primary school (OFSTED, Poetry in Schools: a Survey of Practice, 2006/7). This paper forms part of a wider investigation of the Working Library as a test-bed for methodologies for understanding twentieth century readers’ habits. Anne Welsh is a Lecturer in the Department of Information Studies at University College London. She is the author of Practical cataloguing: AACR, RDA and MARC21 (co-written with Sue Batley, 2011) and Cataloguing and Decision-Making in a Hybrid Environment: the Transition from AACR2 to RDA (2013). She is the assistant editor of Alexandria: the Journal of National and International Library Issue and associate editor of the Library Review.

Frances White, “Meanings of Marginalia: Iris Mur-doch’s Oxford Library”“You read the bookshelves. In the examination of personal libraries is an entire hermeneutics of char-acter analysis” (Jay McInerney). An archive is simul-taneously a deposit of the (multi-sited) remains of the writer and an enmeshed trace of interactions with her time, culture and art. This illustrated case study of a small part of a recently created literary archive, the Iris Murdoch Special Collection in the Kingston University Archives, looks both backwards to the dia-logue Murdoch sustains with other philosophers and novelists in her extensive marginalia and annotation, and also forwards to the dialogue which contempo-rary scholars are creating with Murdoch’s own texts in the light of that marginalia and annotation. The Iris Murdoch Special Collection opened in 2004 when the Centre for Iris Murdoch Studies acquired include the heavily annotated library from Murdoch’s Oxford home, valued at £150,000, and purchased with the help of a £20,000 grant from the V&A Purchase Grant Fund. The addition of the Peter Conradi Archive, com-prising material used in researching Iris Murdoch: A Life (2001), in 2006 and the purchase of Murdoch’s London library in 2007 form a nucleus of primary source material for research into the intellectual life

and the philosophical and literary work of Iris Mur-doch who, as one of the foremost British novelists of the late twentieth-century and an innovative and in-fluential moral philosopher, merits the international multi-disciplinary academic attention her work in-creasingly receives. Murdoch Scholars from around the world (UK, USA, Japan, Sweden, Norway, Ire-land, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Australia, Turkey) are engaged in mining this rich seam of intellectual gold for detailed information on Murdoch’s reading and fresh insight into her thought and art. Work has so far been published on Murdoch’s marginalia and annotation on Arendt, Canetti, Heidegger, Kierkeg-aard, Sartre and Weil: further exciting research is currently in progress. Frances White is Assistant Director of the Centre for Iris Murdoch Studies, Kingston University and Assis-tant Editor of The Iris Murdoch Review. She is cur-rently managing an HLF-funded project at Kingston University called ‘Iris Murdoch and Philippa Foot: an Arc of Friendship’ which is based around the acquisi-tion of Iris Murdoch’s letters to Philippa Foot for the Iris Murdoch Special Collections in the Kingston University Archives and Special Collections. She has published widely on Iris Murdoch’s work and her biography, Be-coming Iris Murdoch, which draws on archival mate-rial, is forthcoming in 2013.

Andy Wimbush (Darwin College, University of Cam-bridge), “The Consolations of Philosophy and the Vindications of Literature Samuel Beckett’s Quietist Library”What kind of a reader was Samuel Beckett? This paper argues that although Beckett adopted the ‘notesnatching’ tendencies of his mentor James Joyce – appropriating phrases for use in his own work – he rarely read for research purposes alone. Beckett had a deeply personal attachment to many of the authors that informed his writing. He spoke of Schopenhauer as ‘one of the ones that mattered most to me’. Read-ing Spinoza was ‘a solution & a salvation’. Thomas à Kempis wrote ‘quantities of phrases [...] that seemed made for me’. Arnold Geulincx was ‘my Geulincx’. Samuel Johnson was ‘always [...] with me’. This paper will argue that Beckett treated reading as a kind of spiritual and soteriological ex-ercise, particularly during the 1930s when he was also undergoing psychotherapy for crippling anxiety attacks. Reading became a parallel therapy with the aim of treating what Beckett called ‘the suffering of being’. From Schopenhauer, Leopardi and others, Beckett extracted a doctrine of ‘quietism’, consisting in the resignation of the will, equanimity in the face of suffering, passivity and compassion that would in-form his first published novel Murphy and much of his later work. Drawing on Beckett’s interwar notebooks, this paper will discuss Beckett’s use of libraries at the British Museum and Trinity College, Dublin dur-ing the 1930s, and explore his use of synoptic sourc-es of information, such as the 1929 Encyclopaedia Britannica and various histories of psychology and philosophy. Finally, this paper will propose some models of

Programme.indd 16 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 17 -

reading that fit well with Beckett’s own habits,drawn from Borges’s ‘La biblioteca de Babel’, Proust, Mon-taigne and St Augustine. I will suggest that by using these guides we can find a way of approaching Beck-ett’s own writing that might afford some ‘solution and salvation’.Andy Wimbush is studying for a PhD at Darwin Col-lege, University of Cambridge on the role of quietism in the life and work of Samuel Beckett.

Gabriele Wix (Universität Bonn), “From a Punk and Postmodern Point of View: Grandfather’s Bookcase. The Function of the Library for Authorship in the Work of the German Poet Thomas Kling (1957–2005)” Unser Institutsjubiläum und die an der Universität Bonn etablierte Kling-Poetik-Dozentur geben Anlass, sich 2013 als einem Schwerpunkt dem Werk Thomas Klings zu widmen. Kling zählt zu den bedeutendsten zeitgenössischen Dichtern im deutschsprachigen Raum, hat aber auch als Performer, Essayist, Über-setzer und Herausgeber gewirkt. Mein Interesse gilt seiner umfangreichen im Nachlass erhaltenen Bib-liothek und den Möglichkeiten ihrer Nutzung für die Editions- und Literaturwissenschaft unter poetolo-gischer Fragestellung. Das Archiv, eine Schenkung seiner Frau Ute Langanky an die Stiftung Hombroich, ist auf der Ra-ketenstation der Insel Hombroich bei Neuss unterge-bracht, dem Ort, an dem Kling lebte und arbeitete – eine einzigartige Ausgangsbedingung für die Forsc-hung. Zudem ist in der archivarischen Ordnung der Nachlassdokumente, in die Alena Scharfschwert sie überführte, deren Originalzustand erkennbar gebli-eben und damit auch die “innere Systematik, die Thomas für seine Sachen hatte.” (Langanky) Kling resümierte 1993 seinen Werdegang mit: “Das Schibboleth hieß immer schon: GROSSVATERS BÜCHERSCHRANK”. Als Schüler erhielt er vom Großvater die Lyrik-Anthologie Menschheitsdäm-merung, der – so Kling – die “systematische Lektüre der wesentlich schärferen Dadaisten” folgte. Eine solche Prägung des Dichters durch Lektüren steht völlig konträr etwa zum Credo eines Rolf Brinkmann (1940–1975), man müsse vergessen, dass es so etwas wie Kunst gebe und „einfach anfangen“. Peer Trilcke fasst das Spezifische der Autorschaft Klings als die “Herkunft des Autors aus dem Bücherschrank”. Und in der Tat: Für einen Künstler, der seine Arbeit mit der Sprache als Sondage, Probeschnitt, versteht und der sich primär intertextuell verortet, spielt die Bib-liothek eine fundamentale Rolle, sei es – als Quelle für den eigenen Schaffensprozess, – als Mittel der Selbstinszenierung und Kanonbil-dung,– als Vorlage für Übersetzungen, – als Gegenstand literaturtheoretischer Reflexion oder– als Fundus für seine Anthologie Sprachspeicher. Gabriele Wix (Universität Bonn) is a literary scholar

and art historian whose research in interdisciplin-ary studies and textual scholarship focuses on the artist’s book. She published monograph on Lawrence Weiner (Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2012) and Max Ernst (Munich: Fink, 2009) as well as essays on the artist’s books by Stefan Steiner (exh. cat. Appenzell 2013), “Woman’s Nudity” by Max Ernst (exh. cat. Wien and Basel 2013), and on Paul Zumthor’s notion of “mou-vance” (Editio 26, 2012).

Mary Erica Zimmer (Boston University), “Terms of Engagement: Geoffrey Hill’s Annotations of T. S. Eliot’s The Sacred Wood”Widely acclaimed as one of the finest writers in Eng-lish today, poet and critic Geoffrey Hill has also cre-ated some of the most challenging works in English letters over the decades of his career. As Langdon Hammer noted in 1999, “Hill’s work has always been difficult, a resistantly private art weighted with liter-ary allusion.” Yet while the complexities of his poems are often probed, his similarly dense, allusive critical essays receive far less frequent attention. Examin-ing a key volume from Hill’s own library informs our sense of these essays’ creation by shedding light on his practices of textual engagement — in particular, with a writer Hill describes as “the crucial poet and critic of the last century”: T. S. Eliot. Throughout Hill’s career, he has acknowledged in interviews the strong influence exerted upon his own early poetic practices by Eliot’s critical pronouncements. Until 1996, however, Hill’s published criticism of Eliot’s work remained scant. Against this public reticence, a copy of Eliot’s The Sacred Wood from Hill’s personal library — obtained before the poet’s 2006 return to England — presents an intriguing case study of how annotative practices may support an ongoing criti-cal conversation. Within the volume, multiple sets of markings not only show the sustained linguistic and contextual analysis underlying both Hill’s 1996 “Di-viding Legacies” essay and his 2001 T. S. Eliot Me-morial Lecture, but also gesture towards Hill’s pos-sible earlier engagement with Eliot’s perspective. On the opening flyleaf, an inscription in the poet’s hand presents the volume as having come into his posses-sion in 1971—twenty-five years before his first pub-lished essay on Eliot. While one must remain alert to the challenges involved in evaluating this type of evi-dence, as a whole the volume provides a fascinating window into the nature of a major writer’s evolving engagement with his most significant predecessor. Mary Erica Zimmer is a PhD candidate at The Editorial Institute of Boston University whose teaching and cur-rent research explore the influence of revision, recep-tion, and archival evidence upon interpretation over time. She holds advanced degrees from the Universi-ties of St. Andrews and Chicago, and her dissertation will serve as a companion to the Selected Poems of Geoffrey Hill.

III. Conference organizers

Patricio Ferrari holds a PhD in Linguistics from the University of Lisbon. He has joint responsibility

Programme.indd 17 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 18 -

for the digitization of Fernando Pessoa’s private li-brary and is co-author of A Biblioteca de Fernando Pessoa (2010). He is co-editor of Argumentos para Filmes (2011) and Provérbios Portugueses (2010) in the New Series of Pessoa’s Works (Ática). He has pub-lished articles with particular interest in metrics and marginalia (Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Luso-Bra-zilian Review and Pessoa Plural, among others). He is post-doctoral grant holder at the Universidade de Lisboa and Stockholms Universitet.

Jerónimo Pizarro is Professor of Hispanic and Por-tuguese Literatures at the Universidad de los Andes. He holds a PhD in Hispanic Literatures from Harvard University and a PhD in Portuguese Linguistics from the University of Lisbon. He is the Chair of the Camões’ Cátedra de Estudos Portugueses in Colom-bia. He is the editor of seven volumes of the critical edition of Pessoa’s works: Escritos sobre Génio e Lou-cura, Obras de Jean Seul de Méluret, A Educação do Stoico, Sensacionismo e Outros Ismos, Cadernos and Livro do Desassossego in the major series, and Fer-nando Pessoa: Entre Génio e Loucura in the ‘stud-ies’ collection. Together with Steffen Dix, he edited A Arca de Pessoa (2007) and a special issue of Portu-guese Studies on Pessoa (2008). He is editor-in-chief of Ática’s new series (Fernando Pessoa: Works and Fernando Pessoa: Studies) and has joint responsibil-ity for the digitization of Fernando Pessoa’s private library: http://casafernandopessoa.cm-lisboa.pt/bdigital/index/index.htm.

Wim Van Mierlo is Lecturer in Textual Scholarship and English Literature at the Institute of English Studies, where he is a specialist in modern literary manuscripts. He has edited Where There is Nothing and The Unicorn from the Stars: Manuscript Materials, by W. B. Yeats and Lady Gregory (2012) and has co-edited (with Dirk Van Hulle) Reading Notes, a special issue of Variants: the Journal of the European Society for Textual Scholarship (2004).

Programme.indd 18 08/03/2013 17:15:13

- 19 -

Writers and their Libraries: ExhibitionA display to accompany the conference held at the Institute of English Studies,

University of London, 15-16 March 2013

The books shown all belonged to the libraries of writers, ranging from academic and popular non-fiction writers across a range of subjects to literary authors. Most are from substantial (albeit sometimes partial) collections of the selected writers’ libraries held at Senate House. The display is in two sections. The first is in the Convocation Hall, Senate House Library (4th floor, Senate House; directions available from staff at the membership desk). The Second is in the Jessel Room annex, 1st floor, Senate House.

GEORGE GROTE (1794-1871), Historian of Greece

Histoire de la Grèce depuis les Temps les Plus Reculés jusqu’à la Fin de la Generation Contem-poraine d’Alexandre le GrandGeorge Grote; trans. by A.L. de SadousParis: Librairie internationale, 1864-67* LRA Gro

George Grote’s History of Greece first appeared in ten volumes between 1846 and 1856. Based on modern German scholarship and radical political principles, it was immediately recognised as the best Greek his-tory in Europe and is still regarded as the foundation of modern research in Greek history. Grote pioneered the separation of Greek myth from history and es-tablished the importance of Athenian democracy as a model for modern democratic reformers; he also defended the reputation of Athenian demagogues and sophists against the attacks of ancient authors. Grote’s History of Greece was translated into German (1850-6), Italian (1855-8) and at least partially into Russian (1860). The nineteen-volume French trans-lation of 1864-7 was authorised by Grote and made from the second English edition. This is Grote’s own copy, and is one of only two copies of the French translation recorded in British libraries.

The works of Virgil, Containing his Pastorals, Georgics, and AeneisVirgil; trans. by John DrydenLondon: J. Tonson, 1697* Bb [Virgilius Maro] fol.

George Grote’s library of over 5,000 items was par-ticularly strong in Classics. It contained eight edi-tions of Virgil, in Latin, English and Dutch, printed between 1600 and 1833. Grote’s library was primar-ily a working one, with an estimated eighty per cent of its contents bearing nineteenth-century imprints. This folio, with 101 plates engraved mainly by Wenc-eslaus Hollar and Pierre Lombart, is one of the most sumptuous from his collection.

THOMAS CARLYLE (1795-1881), Historian

The French Revolution: a HistoryThomas CarlyleLondon: J. Fraser, 1837[S.L.] I [Carlyle - 1837]

In his work on the French Revolution, Thomas Car-lyle wanted to deal with the drama and significance of the Revolution and to write an artistic and vision-ary work, using the past to understand the present and look to the future, more than presenting histori-cal fact. The book, one of Carlyle’s earlier works and one of his most famous, stands out for its vivid style, using the present tense, and for its subjective stance. It occupied him for three years between September 1834 and January 1837 – longer than planned be-cause in March 1835 the first volume of his original manuscript was burned. Shown here is the first edi-tion.

Aurora LeighElizabeth Barrett BrowningLondon: Chapman and Hall, 1857[S.L.] I [Browning, E.B.- 1857]

Although this book did not belong to Carlyle, being merely loaned to him, that did not prevent him from annotating it (including a remark dated 3 February 1857: ‘To be returned (by and by), not being prop-erly mine’). Carlyle preferred prose to poetry, and this emerges in his marginal comments. When the narrator or a character in the dramatic poem asks a question, Carlyle answers ‘Can’t say’; when the pro-tagonist says it is ‘too easy to go mad’, Carlyle urges ‘don’t!’; beside the lines ‘We had a strange and mel-ancholy walk: The night came drizzling downward in dark rain’, he queries: ‘why not call a cab?’ Sum-ming up his view at the end of Book I of the poem, he writes ‘How much better had all this been if written straight forward in clear prose utterance.’ His part-ing shot is that the poem is ‘a very beautiful tempest in a teapot’.

Canterbury Tales from ChaucerEd. by John SaundersLondon: C. Knight, 1845-7[S.L.] I [Saunders - 1845]

This cheap, curious version of The Canterbury Tales, part verse reproduction, part prose revision, has Thomas Carlyle’s signature of ownership on the title page of both volumes and on the book with which it is bound, John Saunders’s Chaucer from the series ‘Cabinet Pictures of English Life’. Carlyle has occa-sionally marked lines of verse with a pencilled cross in the margin, followed by a vertical line if he wished

Programme.indd 19 08/03/2013 17:15:14

- 20 -

to mark several lines, and underlined words. He also occasionally comments on Saunders’s editorial gloss, as in ‘The Man of Law’s Tale’, where under a defini-tion for ‘for-wakèd’ Carlyle writes tersely: ‘wrong’.

AUGUSTUS DE MORGAN (1806-1871), Mathemati-cian and mathematical historian

Nuouo Lume: Libro di ArithmeticaGiovanni SfortunatiVenice: Francesco del Leno, 1561[DeM] L.1 [Sfortunati] SSR

In 1847 Augustus de Morgan published his bibliog-raphy of arithmetical books, described on the title page as ‘brief notices of a large number of works drawn up from actual inspection’. Most of these were in De Morgan’s own library. He had two copies of this one, an imperfect copy owned at the time of writing and this complete copy evidently acquired later. De Morgan’s observations are typical of his bibliographi-cal interest in his books: ‘The end of the work is torn out, so I cannot give the date. He mentions L. de Burgo, Calandri, and P. Borgio, and Tartaglia men-tions him; which gives certain limits. By the man-ner in which the author is described, this must be a reprint: it is not likely a work would be originally printed at Venice, once cause of the production of which is stated to be the barbarism of the Venetian dialect. I can find no mention of Sfortunati in cata-logues. Cardan, writing in fifteen-thirty-seven, men-tions the work of Fortunatus, the same as the above, no doubt.’

The Scholar’s Guide to ArithmeticJohn Bonnycastle; ed. by E.C. TysonLondon: J. Dove, 1828[DeM] L.1 [Bonnycastle]

Augustus De Morgan owned several runs of editions of popular textbooks, from Euclid to Robert Record (1510-1558) to William Oughtred (1575-1660), Ed-ward Cocker (1631-1675), and James Hodder (fl. 1659-1673). John Bonnycastle’s The Scholar’s Guide to Arithmetic, teaching the basic operations of arith-metic and their applications to standard commercial practices, was first published in 1780 and ran to seven editions even before the end of the eighteenth century. Like many editions of textbooks common at the time, Edwin Tyson’s 1828 edition is now rare, with only two copies known to exist in British librar-ies. Its particular significance within De Morgan’s li-brary is clear from De Morgan’s note on the flyleaf, dated 15 September, 1857: ‘[This book] convinced me that a work on demonstrative arithmetic was wanting – and was the book which suggested the ex-istence of the deficiency to supply which I wrote my own arithmetic in 1830’. De Morgan’s ‘own arithme-tic’ is The Elements of Arithmetic (London: J. Taylor) – a work which appears to have had a much better survival rate.

Formal LogicAugustus De Morgan

London: Taylor and Walton, 1847MS776

For Augustus De Morgan, the study of logic held the key to understanding human reason. He wrote and published Formal Logic in the midst of a rush of in-terest in logic: it appeared just a year after his first major paper on the subject and was rendered obso-lete by another paper that he published a mere three years later. De Morgan’s own copy of his book is unique in demonstrating his creative mind at work. The copy is interleaved, swelling it to two volumes. As well as correcting the work in pencil, De Morgan inserted press cuttings, personal letters – one of which has a penny black attached to it – numerous notes, and diagrams showing his evolving thoughts on syllogistic logic.

HARRY PRICE (1881-1948), Writer and psychical re-searcher

The Haunting of Cashen’s Gap: A Modern ‘Mira-cle’ InvestigatedHarry Price and Richard Stanton LambertLondon: Methuen, 1936H.P.L. [Price]

Harry Price wrote prolifically about psychical phe-nomena. His earlier works were case studies of peo-ple, such as the mediums Rudi Schneider and Stella Cranshaw. The Haunting of Cashen’s Gap is about a mischievous and irresponsible talking animal, said to be a mongoose, which haunted a lonely farm on the Isle of Man continuously from 1931. The animal did not appear during Price’s and Lambert’s inves-tigative visit, and they could not draw any definite conclusions.

The End of Borley RectoryHarry PriceLondon: Harrap, 1946H.P.L. [Price]

Price’s published work on Borley Rectory is his most popular, with both The Most Haunted House in Eng-land (first published in 1940) and its successor, The End of Borley Rectory, running through four editions. The two books describe his investigation of supposed ghosts and their activities in a Victorian house in rural Essex. They set a standard for investigations of the paranormal and made history as the first de-tailed accounts of paranormal research made acces-sible to the general public.

Exhibition of Rare Works from the Research Li-brary of the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation from 1490 A.D. to the Present DayHarry PriceLondon: University of London Council for Psychical Investigation, 1934H.P.L. [Exhibition] Bib.

Harry Price was extremely proud of his library, which he began to develop at the age of eight, and publi-

Programme.indd 20 08/03/2013 17:15:14

- 21 -

cised it frequently in print. This exhibition of books from it took place over nine days in December 1934 and featured five hundred items.

Tractatus de MaleficiisAngelo GambiglioniLyons: E. Gueynard, [1508] H.P.L. [Gambilionibus] fol. SR

Angelo Gambiglioni’s Tractatus de Maleficiis is a trea-tise on criminal law by an Italian jurist who died in 1446. It was extremely popular, running through seventeen editions in the incunable period, starting in 1472. Harry Price dated this edition to “ca 1490”, and it is the basis for the date 1490 appearing in the title of his exhibition catalogue of 1934 (shown). In fact it dates from 1508, as Price could have estab-lished from Henri Baudrier’s Bibliographie lyonnaise (1895-1921). Price further described the title as a book on witchcraft, presumably by titular analogy with Heinrich Institoris and Jakob Sprenger’s book on witchcraft, Malleus Maleficarum.

More Exclusive Magical SecretsWill GoldstonLondon: W. Goldston, 1921H.P.L. [Goldston] RBC

Will Goldston (1877-1948) made a name for himself in the first half of the twentieth century as a purveyor of magical goods, editor of magical magazines and, most notably, the author of a series of popular books explaining the secrets of conjuring and magic. The most celebrated, and still the most sought-after, of these were the three volumes of his Exclusive Magi-cal Secrets, produced between 1912 and 1927. These books targeted the conjuring fraternity, offering to put into their hands the secrets of the most celebrat-ed and mystifying tricks and illusions. More Exclu-sive Magical Secrets (1921) was produced in a limited de luxe edition of 750 numbered copies, each bound in red sheepskin and costing four guineas. Shown here is copy no. 1. It is inscribed: ‘Congratulations to friend Harry Price. You possess the 1st copy many hours before other subscribers receive their copies. Best wishes. Sincerely yours Will Goldston November 1921.’

WALTER DE LA MARE (1873-1956), Poet

The Icknield WayEdward ThomasLondon: Constable, 1913[WdlM] 405

This book from Walter de la Mare’s library provides evidence of one of his literary friendships. It is one of several books given to de la Mare by his fellow poet and writer Edward Thomas (1878-1917), who had also attended the same school as de la Mare, St Paul’s Cathedral choir school in London. The copy includes a pencilled note by de la Mare, in tiny hand-writing, on the front free endpaper.

On the Relation of Poetry to Verse

Sir Philip Hartog[London]: English Association, 1926[WdlM] 126z

Walter de la Mare annotated about 300 books in his working library of literature, literary criticism, sci-ence, history and travel, now held at Senate House. De la Mare was a member and active participant of the English Assocation, established in 1906 to pro-mote knowledge and appreciation of English lan-guage and literature and to foster good practice in teaching and learning it at all levels, and among his books was a long run of English Association pam-phlets. Six pages of this one contain his pencilled marginal annotations.

Peacock Pie: A Book of RhymesWalter de la MareLondon: Constable, 1913 (repr. 1921)[WdlM] T.177

Peacock Pie is Walter de la Mare’s best known and best loved collection of poems forchildren. This 1921 reprint of the original 1913 edi-tion is from de la Mare’s own library and is the copy he marked up in preparation for a new edition which appeared in 1924. It contains tipped-in typescripts of ten extra poems, three of which (‘Mr Alacadacca’, ‘Must and May’ and ‘Late’) De la Mare had definitely written by 1912; he may have written the others by then too. Nine of the ten tipped-in poems appear in the 1924 edition of Peacock Pie. The tenth new poem, ‘Polly Pie’, was discarded at proof stage, to appear in revised form as ‘A – Apple Pie’ in Bells and Grass (1941).

Peacock Pie: A Book of RhymesWalter de la Mare; ill. by C. Lovat FraserLondon: Constable, 1924[WdlM] T.169

When Peacock Pie first appeared in 1913 it was unil-lustrated. De la Mare had intended it to include pic-tures and had arranged in 1912 for a brilliant young artist called Claud Lovat Fraser (1890-1921) to pro-duce some coloured ‘embellishments’, but the pub-lisher, Constable, considered their reproduction too expensive. It is these illustrations that de la Mare added in the 1924 edition, shown – an edition never reprinted. This copy of the book previously belonged to de la Mare’s oldest son, Richard.

Peacock Pie: A Book of RhymesWalter de la Mare; illustrated by Edward ArdizzoneLondon: Faber & Faber, 1946 (repr. 1955)[WdlM] T.160

This copy of Walter de la Mare’s Peacock Pie from his own library is rendered unique through exten-sive marking up – probably by his son and publisher Richard – as the basis for a revised edition of 1969. Manuscript changes include page numbering, lay-out, addition of the poems previously published only in the 1924 edition, and textual emendations.

SINGLE WORKS OWNED BY VARIOUS WRITERS

Programme.indd 21 08/03/2013 17:15:14

- 22 -

The Present State of RussiaSamuel CollinsLondon: D. Newman, 1671[M.S. Anderson] 1671 – Collins

Matthew Smith Anderson (1922- 2006) was an aca-demic writer who wrote about Russia and about Eu-ropean history and diplomacy more widely: for exam-ple, The Ascendancy of Europe 1815-1914; Peter the Great; Eighteenth-Century Europe 1713-1789. He be-gan collecting books to substantiate the subject of his doctoral thesis and his first title, Britain’s Discovery of Russia 1553-1815 (1958). In this book Anderson described Samuel Collins’s Present State of Russia in a Letter to a Friend at London (London, 1671), as ‘a work of real value’, by possibly the only seventeenth-century English writer on Russia to have a real grasp of the language.

Contemplations of the State of Man in this Life, and in that which is to ComeJeremy TaylorLondon: J. Kidgell, 1684B.S. 1068

This is one of some 120 seventeenth- and eighteenth-century books owned by Mrs Henry Pott (1833-1915), foundress of the Francis Bacon Society and the au-thor of three substantial Baconian works, Obiter Dicta of Bacon and Shakespeare on Manners, Mind, Morals; Francis Bacon and his Secret Society; and Did Francis Bacon Write Shakespeare? The books she owned frequently have ink underlinings as here, sometimes with annotations and sometimes with tracings of watermarks.

D. Erasmi Roterdami Opus de Conscribendis EpistolisDesiderius ErasmusParis: Simon de Colines, 1523Bb.4 [Erasmus] SR

The bibliographer and antiquarian bookseller John Waynflete Carter (1905-1975) is known among other writings for his Taste and Technique in Book-Collect-ing (1948), Books and Book-Collectors (1956), and his popular ABC for Book Collectors (1952), which entered its eighth edition in 2004. That he himself collected old books is hardly surprising. This one has the bookplate of Sir John Arthur Brooke (1844-1920) of Fenay Hall in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, whose li-brary was sold by Sotheby’s in 1921.

Specimens of English Dramatic Poets who Lived about the Time of ShakspeareCharles LambLondon: Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1808[S.L.] I [Lamb, C. – 1808]

This selection of scenes from the plays of Elizabe-than and Jacobean dramatists is from the library of the poet Robert Southey (1774-1843), sold by Sothe-by’s in 1844. It is a presentation copy from Lamb, probably sent to him at Lamb’s request by the pub-lisher, and is inscribed in Robert Southey’s hand: ‘R. Southey from the Editor, Keswick. Aug. 6. 1808.’ The

book originally formed part of what Southey called his ‘Cottonian library’, a collection of books bound by members of his family, using whatever materials they had to hand (such as old dresses previously worn by the Southey ladies): the name is also a jocular hom-age to the library formed by the antiquary Sir Robert Cotton (1571-1631).

Bertha von Suttner and the Struggle to Avert the World WarCaroline E. PlayneLondon: Allen & Unwin, 1936[Playne] 388

Caroline Playne (1857-1958) began her writing ca-reer as a novelist before turning to pacifist literature aimed at strengthening readers against the effects of mass propaganda: Neuroses of the Nations (1925); The Pre-War Mind in Britain (1928); Society and War, 1914–16 (1931); Britain Holds On, 1917, 1918 (1933). Her collection of over five hundred books and pam-phlets at Senate House Library is devoted the First World War. Shown here is Playne’s own copy of her final publication.

The TowerW. B. YeatsLondon: Macmillan, 1928[S.M.C.] 109

This volume is one of several from the library of poet, designer and art critic Thomas Sturge Moore (1870-1944) to contain his marginalia. Sturge Moore’s annotations to one poem in particular, ‘Sailing to Byzantium’, illuminate his objection to Yeats’s sepa-ration of art and nature, which he expressed in a let-ter dated 16 April 1930. Yeats agreed and composed a new poem, ‘Byzantium’, which he eventually in-cluded in The Winding Stair, and other Poems (1933).

Guido and the GirlsWaldo Sabine3rd ednHarrogate: Quess, 1933[Craig] 335

Alec (Alexander George) Craig (1897-1973) wrote about sexual issues and especially about literary censorship, with his major work being The Banned Books of England (1937; rev. 1962). Craig’s collec-tion at Senate House Library of previously censored or banned volumes is the subset of a library of about three thousand books donated to the Borough of Camden after Craig’s death. The poem Guido and the Girls is one of the books named in Craig’s Banned Books: the author, Waldo Sabine, was charged with publishing obscene libel and was fined £500 at Leeds Assizes for this edition, which obliquely criticised the Conservative politician and advocate of appeasement Lord Halifax as a religious madman.

Delegates are warmly invited to use the general or special collections at Senate House Library at any time. Membership details and the library catalogue are available on the Senate House Library web pages: http://www.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk.

Programme.indd 22 08/03/2013 17:15:14