Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization ...

Adopted:Village of Union Springs Board of Trustees, September 16, 2020

Approved:NYS Secretary of State, Rossana Rosado, June 9, 2021

Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program

Adopted September 16, 2020 Page | i

Prepared for the Village of Union Springs by a Local Waterfront Advisory Committee with assistance from the

Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development

This Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP) has been prepared and approved in accordance with provisions of

the Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act (Executive Law, Article 42) and its

implementing Regulations (19 NYCRR 601). The LWRP was prepared with funding provided by the New York State

Department of State under Title 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund. The preparation of Local Waterfront

Revitalization Programs is administered by the New York State Department of State Office of Planning, Development and Community Infrastructure, One Commerce Plaza, 99

Washington Avenue, Suite 1010, Albany, New York 12231-0001.

Village of Union SpringsCayuga County, New York

Union Springs Local WaterfrontRevitalization Program

Adopted September 16, 2020 Page | ii



Adopted September 16, 2020 Page | iii



Adopted September 16, 2020



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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The development of this Local Waterfront Revitalization Program for the Village of Union Springs, funded in part by the New York State Department of State, would not have been possible without the dedication, hard work, and support from the following individuals:

LWRP ADVISORY COMMITTEEBud Shattuck, Village Mayor

Joanne Fleming, Village ClerkSidney Wolf, Village Planning Board Chair

Gretchen Weir, Teacher’s Assistant at USCSDCarla Piperno-Jones, Librarian- Springport Free Library

Thomas Tuohy, Waterfront ResidentCharles Marsden, Waterfront ResidentWilliam S. Hecht, Waterfront Resident

Other Committee MembersKeith Batman, Chair- Cayuga County Legislature, and District #7 Representative (Springport, Scipio & Ledyard)

Howard Tanner, Code Enforcement Officer, Village of Union Springs

MOST IMPORTANTLY, THE RESIDENTS OF THIS COMMUNITY!

Cover photograph taken by William S. Hecht; May, 2004.

Clark Patterson LeeBrian Kulpa, AIA

Molly Vendura, RLA, LEED APJustin Steinbach, AICP

Melanie AndersonFoit-Albert Associates

Gerard Sentz, P.E.

Sustainable Planning DesignAllison D. Harrington, AICP, MCIP, RPP

DESIGN CONSULTANTS

NEW YORK STATE & REGIONAL PARTNERSAnthony J. Amodei, P.E., NYS DOT Region 3

MaryEllen VanDonsel, US Fish & Wildlife ServiceZack O’Dell, Finger Lakes Land Trust

Finger Lakes Institute

Jean Foley, NYS DEC Region 7Jean M. Egenhofer, NYS OPRHP

Mathew Levine, The Nature ConservancyCayuga Lake Watershed Network

LOCAL & COUNTY PARTNERSTracy Verrier, Cayuga Economic Development AgencyDoug Kierst, County Soil & Water Conservation District

Meg Vanek, Cayuga County Office of Tourism

The Springport Free Library Union Springs Central School District

The Frontenac Historical Society & Museum

Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development Staff:Kari Terwilliger, AICP, Senior Planner- Project Coordinator/Facilitator & Document Author

Nick Colas, AICP, Principal GIS Analyst- Map Design

PRIMARY CONSULTANT


Village of Union Springs Cayuga County, New York


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LWRP VISION STATEMENT & GOALS pg. vii

SECTION 1: LOCAL WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION AREA BOUNDARY 1.1 WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION AREA BOUNDARY pg. 1 1.2 BOUNDARY CRITERIA pg. 2

SECTION 2: INVENTORY & ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS2.1 GEOGRAPHIC SETTING pg. 4 2.2 HISTORIC SETTING pg. 62.3 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS pg. 18 2.4 REGIONAL PLANNING EFFORTS pg. 33 2.5 LOCAL PLANNING EFFORTS pg. 38 2.6 LOCAL REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES pg. 42 2.7 LAND USE PATTERNS pg. 51 2.8 LAND OWNERSHIP pg. 562.9 WATER USES pg. 592.10 INFRASTRUCTURE pg. 732.11 RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES pg. 832.12 NATURAL RESOURCES pg. 91 2.13 SUMMARY OF ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES pg. 121

SECTION 3: WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PROGRAM POLICIES3.1 INTRODUCTION pg. 123 3.2 DEVELOPED WATERFRONT POLICIES pg. 124 3.3 NATURAL WATERFRONT POLICIES pg. 129 3.4 PUBLIC WATERFRONT POLICIES pg. 138 3.5 WORKING WATERFRONT POLICIES pg. 1403.6 DEFINITIONS pg. 148

SECTION 4: PROPOSED LAND USES, WATER USES, AND PROJECTS4.1 PROPOSED LAND USES pg. 151 4.2 PROPOSED WATER USES pg. 1514.3 PROPOSED PROJECTS pg. 151

SECTION 5: TECHNIQUES FOR LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION5.1 LOCAL LAWS & REGULATIONS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE LWRP pg. 1765.2 OTHER ACTIONS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE LWRP pg. 1795.3 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE LWRP pg. 1805.4 FUNDING SOURCES pg. 181

SECTION 6: STATE ACTIONS & PROGRAMS LIKELY TO AFFECT LWRP IMPLEMENTATION6.1 STATE ACTIONS & PROGRAMS WHICH SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN IN A pg. 187 MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THE LWRP 6.2 STATE ACTIONS & PROGRAMS NECESSARY TO FURTHER THE LWRP pg. 199

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SECTION 7: LOCAL COMMITMENT AND CONSULTATION7.1 LOCAL COMMITMENT pg. 2017.2 CONSULTATION pg. 202

APPENDICESA: LWRP CONSISTENCY REVIEW LAW & WATERFRONT ASSESSMENT FORM pg. A-1B: ZONING AMENDMENTS AND LOCAL LAWS SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LWRP pg. B-1C: GUIDELINES FOR NOTIFICATION AND REVIEW pg. C-1D: HISTORICAL MAP GALLERY pg. D-1E: OGS LAND UNDERWATER CONVEYANCE DOCUMENTS & MAPS pg. E-1 F: VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS HARBOR MANAGEMENT PLAN pg. F-1

MAPSMAP 1: WRA BOUNDARY pg. 3

MAP 2: REGIONAL SETTING pg. 5

MAP 3: DRIVE-TIME RADII pg. 32

MAP 4: ZONING pg. 50

MAP 5: EXISTING LAND USE pg. 53

MAP 6: EXISTING LAND USE- DOWNTOWN DETAIL pg. 54

MAP 7: AGRICULTURAL SOILS pg. 55

MAP 8: LAND OWNERSHIP pg. 58

MAP 9: WATER USES pg. 72

MAP 10: TRANSPORTATION pg. 81

MAP 11: WATER AND WASTEWATER SYSTEMS pg. 82

MAP 12: RECREATIONAL & CULTURAL RESOURCES pg. 88

MAP 13: RECREATIONAL & CULTURAL RESOURCES- DETAIL NORTH pg. 89

MAP 14: RECREATIONAL & CULTURAL RESOURCES- DETAIL SOUTH pg. 90

MAP 15: BEDROCK GEOLOGY pg. 113

MAP 16: SURFICIAL GEOLOGY pg. 114

MAP 17: WETLANDS pg. 115

MAP 18: FLOOD HAZARD AREAS pg. 116

MAP 19: FLOOD HAZARD AREAS- DOWNTOWN DETAIL pg. 117

MAP 20: TERRAIN RELIEF pg. 118

MAP 21: PERCENT SLOPE pg. 119

MAP 22: PONDS AND STREAMS pg. 120

MAP 23: HMP BOUNDARY pg. F-7

MAP 24: WATER USE PLAN pg. F-8

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Page vii

LWRP VISION STATEMENT & GOALS

The Waterfront Revitalization Area of Union Springs will become recognized as one of the most attractive and desirable areas in the Finger Lakes. The preservation of community character and natural resources will be balanced with economic and cultural development. A Historic Business District complementing the activities and natural areas all along the waterfront will be a bustling center of commerce that serves both the residents of the community and tourists year round.

This vision will become a reality through the implementation of the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program which is a locally designed, comprehensive land and water use plan which seeks to coordinate environmental, recreational, and economic prospects and concerns into a cohesive framework that respects local interests while complying with local and state policies for a sustainable revitalization endeavor. The program is founded upon three major themes:

• Rejuvenate: The ultimate goal for rejuvenation of the Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) is responsible economic growth and an enhanced quality of life for residents and visitors. This rejuvenation will berealized by creating a revitalized Historic Business District through building facade and streetscapeimprovements; and by providing improved services, programs, events, facilities, and environmentalstewardship throughout the entire WRA.

• Capitalize: In order to take advantage of the social, political, and financial resources at our disposal, thecommunity will not just engage in fostering existing talents, but also actively seek to increase them byencouraging and supporting entrepreneurship to expand the community’s offerings. This capitalizationwill be achieved through volunteerism, grants, sponsorships, fundraising events, and projects.

• Distinguish: The community will distinguish itself from other lakefront communities in the Finger LakesRegion by recognizing and highlighting the economic, environmental, historical, cultural, and humanitarian assets and contributions that the Village of Union Springs area is home to. This will be accomplishedby celebrating these resources and collaborative initiatives via events, marketing strategies, and orcapitalization programs that directly or indirectly highlight the excellence of the community.

GOALS

1. Encourage younger families to move into the area to support the school system and local businesses.

2. Expand local tourism by building on the current successes that exist in the community. Support thedevelopment of new and enhanced tourism opportunities that will help extend the tourism season pastthe summer months.

3. Revitalize downtown and public areas to make the community more inviting and walkable for residentsand tourists.




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SECTION 1: LOCAL WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION AREA BOUNDARY

1.1 WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION AREA BOUNDARYIn general, the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) boundary includes all lands within the Village of Union Springs that lie west of the centerline of NYS Route 90; and all waters of Cayuga Lake a distance of 1,500 feet west from the village shoreline (with an additional 1,500 feet around the western shore of Frontenac Island). A more detailed description of the area is provided below and is broken down into two general areas: the waterside boundary which contains just the lakeshore and lake waters, plus Frontenac Island; and the inland boundary which includes all other land within the WRA. Refer to Map 1 to view the extent of the Waterfront Revitalization Area Boundary.

Waterside BoundaryThe waterside boundary of the Village of Union Springs WRA begins at the intersection of the lakeshore and the northern village boundary and follows the shoreline south to the southern village boundary. It then turns west for a distance of 1,500 feet from the shoreline before turning north and following a parallel line a distance of 1,500 feet from the shoreline (including an additional 1,500 feet from the western shore of Frontenac Island) up to the northern boundary of the village.

Inland BoundaryThe inland boundary of the Village of Union Springs WRA begins at the intersection of the Village of Union Springs and Town of Springport municipal boundaries and the centerline of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90). The inland boundary continues south along the centerline of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) until reaching the intersection of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) and Seminary Street in the village, a distance of approx. 1 mile. The inland boundary then follows the boundary of the Village of Union Springs Historic Business District zoning district by following the centerline of Seminary Street for a distance of approx. 195 feet; turns and proceeds southwest for approx. 105 feet; turns and proceeds southeast for approx. 40 feet; turns and heads south for approx. 200 feet to the centerline of Park Street; turns and proceeds west for approx. 90 feet along the centerline of Park Street; turns and proceeds south for approx. 180 feet; turns and proceeds west for approx. 40 feet; turns and proceeds south for approx. 113 feet; turns and proceeds south east for approx. 93 feet; turns ad proceeds south for approx. 114 feet; turns and proceeds southeast for approx. 106 feet; turns and proceeds south for approx. 100 feet; turns and proceeds west for approx. 63 feet; turns and proceeds south for approx. 142 feet to the centerline of Center Street; and turns and proceeds west along the centerline of Center Street approx. 280 feet to the intersection with the centerline of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90). The inland boundary then turns and proceeds southwest along the centerline of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) through the village to the southern village boundary, a distance of approx. 0.5 miles. The inland boundarythen turns and proceeds west along the village boundary until reaching the intersection with the watersideboundary a distance of approx. 1,100 feet.

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1.2 BOUNDARY CRITERIAThe Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) is intended to include all land and features within the Village of Union Springs that may have a “direct and significant impact” on the community’s lake shoreline and one or more of the following characteristics:

• Areas having direct contact with, dependent upon, or making use of the community’s waterfront.• Natural features that are affected by or have an effect on the community’s waterfront, including upland

tributaries that have been classified as protected streams by the NYS DEC and have a direct impact onthe water quality of Cayuga Lake.

• Lands having a direct functional, cultural, or historical relationship with the community’s shoreline,including lands located in the village’s Historic Business District.

• Lands having a direct aesthetic relationship with the community’s waterfront. This includes land that maybe clearly visible from the waterfront or may have waterfront views from a portion of the land.

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Adopted September 16, 2020 Page 3

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Cayuga County Department ofPlanning and Economic

Development

Map prepared by:


This map was prepared for the New York StateDepartment of State with funds provided underTitle 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund.

UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

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C a y u g a L a k e

Map 1

WRA Boundary

Imagery source: NYS Statewide Digital Orthoimagery Program. 2015.

Waterfront Revitalization Area Boundary

Municipal BoundariesHarbor Management Plan Area Boundary




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SECTION 2: INVENTORY & ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS

2.1 GEOGRAPHIC SETTINGThe Village of Union Springs is located in the central western portion of Cayuga County along the Cayuga Lake shoreline, in the heart of the Finger Lakes. The Village of Union Springs is located within the Town of Springport along the northeastern shoreline of Cayuga Lake in Cayuga County, NY. Union Springs is located approximately 9 miles (as the crow flies) southwest of the City of Auburn, approximately 8.5 miles due west of Owasco Lake, approximately 30 miles northwest of the City of Ithaca, and approximately 31 miles southwest of Syracuse. Union Springs is also a short drive (30min-1.5hrs) from the major Town of Seneca Falls and the Cities of Geneva, Ithaca, and Cortland.The Village of Union Springs is one of three waterfront villages along Cayuga Lake in Cayuga County, located in the center between the Village of Cayuga (Town of Aurelius) to the north and the Village of Aurora (Town of Ledyard) to the south. The village has approximately 2.5 miles of shoreline along Cayuga Lake.

In approaching from the Lake, we see the town gradually ascending from the water, so that every house and every tree is brought distinctly to view. We know of no hamlet, borough, or city, so admirably situated in this respect. The white houses peering out of the luxuriant foliage by which they are all surrounded, the rich meadows adjacent to, and the rounding hills overlooking the village, with the Island of Frontenac, that gem of the western lakes, form a scene worthy of the pencil of any artist.1

Photo of the lakeshore at Frontenac Park2

The community is located in the Central New York Region as defined by New York State for the purposes of regional economic development; but with the location on Cayuga Lake, the longest and central most lake of the Finger Lakes, residents often reference the Finger Lakes “region” of the state when describing where they live to people from other states or countries (see Map 2). The history and climate of the geographic region of the Finger Lakes has created the identity of the village along with many other lakefront communities across this area of the state. One local charter fishing company Eagle Rock Charters sums up the Finger Lakes area of New York the best by saying:

"The Finger Lakes region of New York State is nature's gift to mankind" This quote best describes our feelings for the area, and our attitude toward our charters. Indian legends say that the Great Spirit placed the imprint of his hand in blessing on this unique part of the world. Thus, besides the beautiful lakes, the land is bestowed with magnificent gorges, romantic glens, gentle waterfalls, beautiful farms and wineries, yet dotted with some of the most successful cities in America. It is an area steeped in history and legends, gentle and romantic, quiet and peaceful, begging to be observed yet yearning for solitude that only nature can inspire.3

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Map 2

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Sources:

U.S. Geological Survey. 2012. The National Elevation Dataset (NED).

U.S. Geological Survey. 2014. The National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD);The National Transportation Dataset (NTD).

Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016.County Geographic Information System (GIS) database.

NYS Office of Information Technology Services GIS Program Office. 2016.GIS file of city and town boundaries.




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2.2 HISTORIC SETTINGLike many communities along the shores of the Finger Lakes, the village was established in its current location along Cayuga Lake for two main reasons: proximity to several natural water sources (the lake, streams, and springs) for use as potable water, as a power sources for industry, and for transportation; as well as for the abundance of natural resources such as gypsum and limestone that were used not only for local construction but to produce building materials that were then sold all over the state and country (plaster and bricks most famously). However, some may argue that the history of the settlement of Union Springs is unique due to the conflicts between the Native Americans and settlers; and the struggle for control of the land that in some ways persists today.

The Cayuga Nation of Indians and their ancestors occupied much of the land along both sides of Cayuga Lake from the northern shore down to an area a few miles south of the Village of Union Springs from the 1500-1600s to the early 1800s. The Cayuga’s primary village was located just south of the current village boundary at a settlement referred to by French and English settlers as Cayuga Castle. On February 23, 1789, the government of New York State purchased nearly all of the territory occupied by the Cayuga Nation of Indians except for an area of land approximately four miles wide (extending east from the lakeshore) that extended from the northern end of the lake in the Town of Montezuma south to the Village of Aurora. Soon after this transaction, a few settlers moved to the area, but were met with resistance from the Native Americans and subsequently told to leave by the authorities of New York State, in an effort to honor the terms of the recent treaty. However, despite the good-faith efforts of the State to honor the terms of their purchase of the Cayuga’s lands, settlers still came and established homes and industry; and began to drive the Cayugas out.

In 1795, the Cayuga Nation of Indians once again sold a portion of their land to the government of New York State, this time retaining two small reservations. One, approximately two-miles square just south of the Village of Union Springs along the lakeshore; and one approximately one-mile square about three to four miles northeast of Union Springs. In 1807, these two remaining areas were sold by the Cayugas to New York State. The following excerpt from The Indian and the Pioneer, an Historical Study by Rose N. Yawger published in 1893 recounts the events that resulted in the eventual sale of all of the Cayuga Nation’s lands in Union Springs to New York State:

The Cayugas, having fought against the colonies, forfeited all claim to their lands; the State, however, in 1789 made a treaty with them at Albany by which the Cayugas sold to the State all their territory in consideration of $50 in silver, $1,125 to be paid the first of the following June, and an annuity of $500. This can hardly be called a “purchase” on the part of the State as the amount paid per acre was less than one cent! They made certain reservations in this treaty which were as follows: ninety-eight square miles upon Cayuga Lake; one mile on either side of the Seneca River at Skoi-yase [Waterloo], and a square mile near Canoga for one chief, who had objected to this treaty, Fish Carrier. Certain stipulations in regard to hunting and fishing were made, and also in regard to the salt spring which was to be shared in common by the Indians, and people of the State.

They claimed a grant of land for a Dutchman whom they had adopted, and hence we find that a certain Peter Ryckman was given a one mile square near Cayuga, and a twenty-five mile square, containing 15,680 acres on the west shore of Seneca Lake. From this last was taken a tract of 320 acres for Joseph Poudre, a French trader, who had married a Cayuga.




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In 1795 a treaty was made at Cayuga Ferry by which the Cayugas ceded to the State all their lands, excepting two small reservations. These are known as the “Residence Reservation” and the “Mine Reservation;” the former contained four square miles and was in the south west corner of Springport, also part of Ledyard; the latter was a mile square and was about three miles north-east of Union Springs. For the lands purchased in 1795, the Cayugas received $1,800 and an annuity of $1,800 forever. From this annuity was to be taken the money to support the Indian schools.

In 1807 the Cayugas ceded to the State the entire residence and mine reservations for the sum of $4,800, and became absolutely landless...and was known as the “Military Tract,” and declared open for settlement.

To-day the Senecas, Oneidas, and Onondagas retain a part of their original reservations, but, as one writer has pathetically said, “The poor Cayugas have not, within their native boundaries, even a burial place which they can call their own !”4

The earliest settlements in the area for which there are authenticated records, were made in 1790 by Frederick Gearhart, Thomas Thompson, and Edward Richardson. Richardson has been credited as the person responsible for initially damming up the north spring, creating North Pond and establishing the first log grist mill at this now historic location. The south spring was not dammed, creating Mill Pond (called South Pond today), until around 1800 by William S. Burling and John Earl.

In addition to the mill at North Pond, the earliest industries in the village included an inn (1807); a local branch of the U.S. Post Office (1811); and a small saw-mill and clothing establishment on the mill property at South Spring, known today as South Pond (1815).

The Village of Union Springs was incorporated on November 8, 1848 and originally contained 1,086.85 acres of land compared to approximately 1,071 acres today6 . It has been documented in several written histories of the village that in 1877 the western boundary of the Village of Union Springs was extended to the middle of Cayuga Lake, however; no record of this expansion has been found in official records held by the State of New York.

Early settlements in Union Springs- historic sketch-map5




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Frontenac Island, which has become an important identity symbol for the community (being one of only two naturally occurring islands in all of the eleven Finger Lakes), was thought to have been used as a ceremonial burial ground by early aboriginal people (Algonkin Indians), pre-dating the arrival of the Cayuga Nation of Indians and the other Iroquois tribes in the area. However, the island was actually inhabited by some of the earliest peoples ever recorded in Northern America living in the Archaic period (Stone Age people). These people exhibited distinguishing features that separated them from both the Lamoka and Brewerton Indians of slightly later periods, with whom they would eventually merge into, leaving them to be named the Frontenac Indians. Evidence has shown that this culture of Indians lived on the island from a period from approximately 3000 B.C. to 2000 B.C.7 This is last trace of activity on the island until more modern times. The Iroquois Nation, including the Cayuga Nation of Indians, never inhabited or visited the island.

The island is located about a half-mile from the eastern lakeshore near the geographic center of the village and is approximately 1 acre in diameter. The island was named in honor of Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac, Governor-General of New France from 1673-1682 and 1689-1698 who notably led a military expedition against the Onondaga and Oneida tribes that neighbored the Cayugas to the east. The island was deeded to the Village of Union Springs by the State of New York on April 7,1856 to forever be kept for public use “as a park and pleasure ground”.

AN ACT to vest in the trustees of the village of Union Springs, the title, use, and occupation of the Island in Cayuga Lake, opposite to said village. Passed April 7, 1856. The people of the State of New York, represented in the Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: §1. The Commissioners of the land office, are hereby authorized and directed to sell and convey to the trustees of the village of Union Springs, the Island lying on the Cayuga Lake, opposite to said village, for the sum of one dollar, in trust, to be forever held, kept, and maintained by said trustees and their successors, for the use and benefit of the citizens of said village, as a park and pleasure ground. §2. The said trustees shall, immediately upon the receipt of the deed or conveyance of said Island, make such regulations and by-laws, and they are hereby authorized so to do, and shall cause the trees on said Island to be preserved uninjured, and the grounds kept from injury, and whatever other regulations may be necessary in their judgment, to carry out the true intent and meaning of this act. And the said regulations may be enforced by such penalties as said trustees shall determine.

§3. This act shall take effect immediately.8

Frontenac Island- historic sketch9

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Map of the excavations on Frontenac Island conducted by the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences, 1939-194012

In the months and years that followed, the land on the island was cleared of underbrush and debris; and improved by installing gravel walks and seats. However, by the late-1800s the improvements that had been made began to fade and deteriorate due to lack of maintenance. There have been several excavations on the island over time, most notably during the mid-1800s by the Auburn branch of the New York Central Railroad which quarried rock from the island to reinforce the shore along its right-of-way in the village while building the local section of the rail line; and again from 1939-1940 by the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences for an archaeological study under the guidance of William A. Ritchie. Artifacts found during this time confirmed the use of the island by the Frontenac, Lamoka, and Brewerton cultures dating back to the “Archaic occupation of New York” before the time of the Iroquois Nation.10

If history is the process of human life experienced, symbolized, and remembered, then Frontenac Island must be one of the oldest and most significant historic places in New York State. Frontenac Island, in Cayuga Lake at Union Springs, New York is the last of the four great Archaic period sites excavated by William A. Ritchie between 1925 and 1940. Frontenac Island was an Archaic period place, and arguably a place of monumental significance within the Archaic social landscape. Ritchie excavated 159 human burials there in his 1939-1940 expeditions. Radiocarbon dating and stratigraphic sequence suggest that human burials began more than 5,000 years ago, while multiple hearth and grave-sites have been radiocarbon-dated to approximately 3,800 years ago.11

The Frontenac steamboat traveling near Frontenac Island13

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The Frontenac name has been adopted locally by several businesses beginning in the early-1800s with the Frontenac steamboat used to transport passengers and freight from one end of Cayuga Lake to the other; to the Frontenac Harbor Marina and the Frontenac Fowlers Guide Service that are both still in business today. There were several other steamboats, ferries, and canal boats operating from various ports along the entire lakeshore, but the Village of Union Springs had the only steam ferry boat, the R.B. Howland, that operated from the port known as Steamboat landing, later as Castelli’s Marina, and now as Frontenac Harbor Marina.

Canal boats were widely used and carried freight up to the shallow northern end of the lake and through the Cayuga-Seneca Canal which connected the lake to the Seneca River in Montezuma and to the Erie Canal. Unfortunately, the famed Frontenac steam boat caught fire on July 27, 1907 and due to inclement weather was grounded and burned down to the water line just off the shore where is subsequently sank. Sixty-two of the passengers and all of the crew members survived, but eight passengers perished while trying to swim ashore. In February of 1942 three residents of Union Springs salvaged the wreck in response to the war-time call for scrap metal and materials from the government.16

Steamboat Landing with The Frontenac steamboat and McDonalds Point in the background14

Photograph of The Frontenac steamboat after it was destroyed by fire on July 27, 190717

Schedule for the steamboats operating on Cayuga Lake in 190515

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FRONTENAC

Sweet Sylvan Lake! one single gemIs in thy liquid diadem;No sister hath this little IsleTo give its beauty smile for smile,With it to hear the blue birds sing-“Wake, leaves and flowers, here comes the spring”-

With it to weave for summer’s tread,Mosses beneath and bowers o’erhead.With it to flash to gorgeous skies,The opal pomp and autumn’s dyes,And when the winter’s tempest blow,To shrink beneath the robes of snow.

Sweet Sylvan Lake! that Isle of thineIs like one hope through grief to shine,Is like one tie our life to cheer,Is like one flower when all is sere,One ray amidst the tempest’s night,One star amidst the gloom of night.

Sweet Sylvan Lake! in memory’s goldIs set the time when first mine eye From thy green shores behind thee holdThy mirror to the sunset sky!Oh! who could view this scene, nor feelIts gentle peace within him steal,Nor in his inmost bosom blessIts pure and radiant loveliness.18

Photograph of Frontenac Island today19

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As a snapshot of this once bustling community, in 1879 with a population of around 1,400, the village boasted the following businesses: 8 churches representing Baptist, Catholic, Episcopal, Methodist, Orthodox and Presbyterian denominations; 4 schools including the Howland Institute, the Friend’s Academy, a kindergarten, and the Union School; 1 newspaper office: The Union Springs Advertiser (there were 14 different local publications beginning in 1811, one succeeded by the next); 1 bank: the First National Bank of Union Springs; 1 insurance agency: the New York Central Insurance Company; 1 hotel; 17 stores of various kinds; 2 meat markets; 2 harness shops; 2 carriage shops; 2 grist-mills, a saw-mill, plaster-mill, plaining-mill and hub factory, a foundry and machine shop, a brick and tile works, and a limestone quarry and kiln; 2 furniture and undertaking establishments; 2 blacksmith shops; 2 barber shops; 1 photographer; 1 bakery; 1 cigar and tobacco store; 1 marble works; 2 coal and lumber dealers; 1 grain warehouse; 1 nursery; and 1 patent buckwheat huller manufactory.20

Photograph from the top of the Union Springs Hotel & Sanitarium looking west toward the lake21

N

Cayuga County atlas, 1904 clipped to area shown in postcard above22

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The most notable businesses that truly helped shape the community were the various mills built around both North Pond and South Pond, the Union Springs Agricultural Works, the N.Y. Central Plaining Mill and Hub Works, and the brick and tile works.

Spring Mills was built in 1840 by George Howland from New Bedford Massachusetts on the site of the former log grist mill established in 1790 by Edward Richardson who dammed the spring to create the pond used for the mill. Howland’s four-story building was constructed of blocks of local limestone and was 65 feet wide by 85 feet long. The mill building was located on the western edge of what was then called Howland Springs or Howland Pond, referred to as North Pond today. The mill was originally established under the name of Howland, Robinson & Co. and processed plaster, grist, and flour. The mill was expanded in use and size several times under many different owners. The mill used power generated from the movement of the water from the springs which was captured by the creation of the dam/pond in 1790 by Edward Richardson when he first established a log grist-mill at the site. The success of this mill property was also due to the canal that George Howland built between the northwestern edge of the building out into the lake that allowed for the transportation of goods, both raw and finished, by boat. For instance, flour was shipped in oak casks which when returned, were filled with oil.24 At the time, the pond occupied 4.5 acres and the water rose at a rate of 2.5 inches per hour with an 18 foot fall.

As technology progressed with the invention and subsequent popularity of the automobile, operations at Spring Mills ceased. The building sat vacant for some time until it was purchased by Alex S. Hecht and Fred E. Allen in 1932 when they established the General Products Company; and started manufacturingafter-market parts for automobiles including ignition coils, molded plastic ignition replacement parts. During WWII in 1942 and 1943, the plant was commissioned to produce various magneto ignition components for airplanes and the footprint of the plant was expanded beyond that of the original mill building. The building was continuously expanded over the next few decades to accommodate the expanding product and research divisions of the company. In 1958, General Products was producing parts for the first nuclear-powered submarine, the Nautilus. General Products continued to manufacture replacement parts for the auto industry until the company closed for good in 1997.25

The property was then sold to TWR Automotive who continued to manufacture after-market car parts. Currently, the site is owned by LPW Development, LLC and used as warehouse space.

Howland Stone Mill (Spring Mills)23

13




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General Products Company (Howland Stone Mill/Spring Mills) 194828


There is concern over contamination at the site due to decades of manufacturing and the use of highly toxic and caustic chemicals that were used in the production process including the use of TCE as a degreaser. The NYS DEC has been monitoring this site for many years and some efforts have been taken towards remediation, including continued use of monitoring wells throughout the site. In October 2015, TRW Automotive U.S., LLC submitted a Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP) application and Remedial Investigation Work Plan to the NYS DEC for the General Products site.26

Throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s the DEC hazardous waste manifests show the use and/or disposal of, inter alia, toluene, freon, flux, ink and thinner, TCE and DCE. According to undated notes (likely authored by a DEC employee), degreaser sludge was stored in barrels at the facility for many years. According to the notes, TRW, on its own, installed a dual phase system to address a soil contamination problem. In 1994, TRW stopped active remediation. After that, groundwater contamination was still noted. A March 14, 1996 letter from TRW to DEC details the work TRW had been doing at the facility. TRW had been monitoring outfall 001. In October 1995, testing indicated concentrations of VOCs above the action level of 5 ug/l. TRW began cleaning the catch basin and piping leading to outfall 001 in hopes of capturing residual contaminated sediment. Re-sampling of the outfall in November 1995 indicated the presence of 4,700 ug/l of TCE and 880 ug/l of 1,2-DCE. Based on these results additional sampling was conducted in an effort to determine the source of the VOCs. TRW’s consultant at that time, O’Brien and Gere, identified a ground water seep located at the bottom of a slope of Mill Pond. It was believed that the seep was the source of contamination and was collected and treated.27





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Union Springs Mills, located on Mill Pond (called South Pond today), was first established as a fulling mill by James Barker in the very early 1800s after the dam was created in 1800 by partners William S. Burling and John Earl. James Barker sold the mill to Philip Winegar in 1815, after which time it was converted to a log grist mill. 1830 a building was added to create a clothing establishment and a woolen mill, which subsequently burned in 1834, but was rebuilt in 1836. This three-story stone building also processed flour and logs as a saw-mill operating under power from both water and steam. The mill was purchased in 1854 by the Beardsley brothers.

Established in 1875, the Union Springs Agricultural Works, owned by J. O. Spencer, manufactured the “Wide-Awake” brand thrashers, separators, steam engines, horse-powers, and agricultural implements. Another influential business, the N.Y. Central Plaining Mills and Hub Works, was established on March 1, 1874 by the Courtney Brothers (John F. and Charles E.) who worked as skilled carpenters and builders. They manufactured and sold doors, blinds, moldings, and sashes in addition to hubs and spokes. The Brick and Tile Works business was owned and operated by Dr. Benjamin Hoxie of Auburn and made an average of 400,000 bricks and 350,000 tiles annually.

In addition to transport by water, transportation by rail was an important industry in Union Springs via the Cayuga Lake Railroad which was completed in 1872 and ran from the City of Ithaca north to the Village of Cayuga. A few years later it was sold to the Lehigh Valley Railroad which ran a passenger and freight service, the former being discontinued in 1974. There are only two active segments of the original rail line that are still in use today. A freight line operated by CSX runs through the City of Ithaca, up from Pennsylvania, to the Cargill Salt Plant in the Town of Lansing and then to the Cayuga Power Plant, just north of Cargill, delivering coal to the power plant and picking up salt from Cargill to be used as road salt in Pennsylvania. The second segment is also a freight line, operated by the Finger Lakes Railroad, which is connected from a terminal in the City of Auburn to the original line north of “Cayuga Junction” in the Town of Aurelius. This line extends along the original line north into the Village of Cayuga and across the lake over to Seneca Falls.

Many of the original train stations/depots were salvaged and re-purposed after the actual tracks were removed along the lakeshore, including in the Village of Union Springs. The village restored the train station building, saving much of the original interior wood work and exterior trim, and currently utilizes the space as village offices.

Union Springs Train Station in operation31 Former Union Springs Train Station, current Village of Union Springs Offices32

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Citations1. Historical Sketch of Union Springs. Edward A. Thomas. Brigham’s General Directory of Auburn, Weedsport, Port Byron, Union Springs, Aurora, Moravia and Cayuga, and Business Directory of Auburn, 1863 and 1864. Together with Histories of the Towns, from their Settlement. A. DeLancey Brigham. Wm. J. Moses’ Publishing House, 16 Clark St., Auburn, NY. 1863. Page 233.2. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.3. Eagle Rock Charters website: http://www.eaglerockcharters.com/ Accessed: August 22, 2016.4. The Indian and the Pioneer, Vol. I. Rose N. Yawger. Published by C.W. Bardeen, Syracuse, N.Y. 1893. Page 125 - 127.5. The Indian and the Pioneer, Vol. II. Rose N. Yawger. Published by C.W. Bardeen, Syracuse, N.Y. 1893. Page 36.6. This figure was determined using ArcGIS software and the most recent parcel data shapefile from the Cayuga County Office of Real Property Services to calculate the acreage per parcel of land located within the Village of Union Springs on September 30, 2016.7. A History of Frontenac Island. Susan W. Murphy. Senior Thesis, Wells College, 1970.8. Laws of New York, Seventy-Ninth Session. Chapter 136, Page 208.9. The Indian and the Pioneer, Vol. I. Rose N. Yawger. Published by C.W. Bardeen, Syracuse, N.Y. 1893. Artwork by Moss Engraving Co., N.Y.; actual artist and date unknown. Page 155.10. An Early Site in Cayuga County, New York: Type Component of the Frontenac Focus, Archaic Pattern. William A. Ritchie, Archaeologist, Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences. Published by Lewis H. Morgan Chapter, Rochester, N.Y. Page 1.11. Frontenac, Island of History. Edward V. Curtin, Curtin Archaeological Consulting, Inc. March 24, 2016. Available at: http://www.curtinarch.com/blog/2016/3/10/frontenac1 Accessed: September 30, 2016. 12. “Sketch” document attached to deed records for Frontenac Island available through the Cayuga County RPS Database using ImageMate. Available at: https://imate.cayugacounty.us/disclaimer.aspx (accept term and conditions, then type: 140.12-2-1 into the “Tax ID / SBL” field and click “Go to the Property”. Under “Documents” on the far right side of the page click on “Sketch” in the list of attached documents).13. Frontenac Island and the steamer Frontenac. Photo by William McAlpin Yates. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures_18/00001853.jpg14. Union Springs dock showing Frontenac and McDonalds Point, date unknown. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/postcards/dock.gif15. Cayuga Lake Transportation Company 1905 schedule. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures_8/00000889.jpg16. Old Steamer Salvaged for Scrap Metal: Remains of Frontenac, Burned on Cayuga Lake in 1907, Being Raised. Newspaper article. Author and publication unknown. Ithaca, February 28, 1942. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures_8/00000891.jpg Accessed September 30, 2016.17. Photograph of the Frontenac steamboat. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures_3/00000341.jpg18. Historical Sketch of Union Springs. Edward A. Thomas. Brigham’s General Directory of Auburn, Weedsport, Port Byron, Union Springs, Aurora, Moravia and Cayuga, and Business Directory of Auburn, 1863 and 1864. Together with Histories of the Towns, from their Settlement. A. DeLancey Brigham. Wm. J. Moses’ Publishing House, 16 Clark St., Auburn, NY. 1863. Page 234-235.19. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.20. History of Springport, New York from History of Cayuga County, New York. Elliot G. Stroke, assisted by Jos H. Smith. Published by D. Mason & Co., 1879. Syracuse, NY. Available at http://history.rays-place.com/ny/cayu-springport.htm Accessed September 30, 2016.21. Postcard of view from the top of hotel looking west toward the lake from 1904. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures48/00004832.jpg22. Portion of the 1904 Cayuga County Atlas for Union Springs. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures48/00004833.jpg23. General Products. Howland stone mill. 1800’s picture from Vernie Yates. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures30/00003027.jpg

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24. History of Union Springs. Southern Cayuga Tribune. February 26, 1948. Available at: http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/kings%20Ferry%20NY%20%20Southern%20%20Cayuga%20Tribune/kings%20Ferry%20NY%20%20Southern%20%20Cayuga%20Tribune%201947-1948/kings%20Ferry%20NY%20%20Southern%20%20Cayuga%20Tribune%201947-1948%20-%200518.pdf & http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2023/kings%20Ferry%20NY%20%20Southern%20%20Cayuga%20Tribune/kings%20Ferry%20NY%20%20Southern%20%20Cayuga%20Tribune%201947-1948/kings%20Ferry%20NY%20%20Southern%20%20Cayuga%20Tribune%201947-1948%20-%200517.pdf 25. GENERAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION’S FIRST FORTY-FIVE YEARS. Marco Hect. April 27, 1977, updated Summer 1997. http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/general_products26. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP) application for the former TRW Union Springs Facility. Site Code C706019, 107 Salem Street, Union Springs, NY 13160. http://www.dec.ny.gov/cfmx/extapps/derexternal/haz/details.cfm27. Cayuga County Groundwater Contamination Superfund Site Summary of Potential Responsible Parties and Additional Contaminant Sources. Young / Sommer, LLC. July 14, 2011. https://semspub.epa.gov/work/02/123355.pdf28. Aerial photograph of the General Products building (Spring Mills) taken by Henry DeWolf from Aerial Surveys, Co.; Rochester, N.Y. in 1948. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures61/6106.jpg29. Aerial photograph of the General Products building (Spring Mills) 1970s. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures30/00003005.jpg30. Photogrpah of the TRW, former General Products site taken in November of 2015 from an airplane by William S. Hecht.31. Photograph of the Union Springs train station taken August 11, 1948. William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures29/00002917.jpg32. Photograph by Carlo Danese. http://unionspringsny.com/village-photo-gallery/

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2.3 DEMOGRAPHIC & ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

PopulationThe Village of Union Springs has experienced a fluctuating population shift over the past two decades. There was an increase in population at a rate of 10.28% from 2000-2010 and a decrease in population by nearly the same amount at -9.82% from 2010-2016, putting the estimated 2016 population slightly above the yearl 2000 actual population.1 According to the 2012-2016 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates conducted by the US Census Bureau, the estimated current population of the village is 1,090 people. The estimated median age of the population living in the village is 38.8. Tables 1 and 3 provide a snapshot of the distribution of the resident population in the village by various age groups using the 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimates data. Table 2 illustrates the racial composition of the community.

18

Table 1

890

780

240208

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Over 18 Over 21 Over 62 Over 65

2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Data

Population by Milestone Age Group

Table 2

79.82%

3.94%

0.64%

0.83%11.28%

3.49%

Race

White

African American

American Indian

Asian

Hispanic

Other


Table 3

21

43

26

63

33

28

80

87

74

34

49

8

12

13

43

49

56

60

40

102

52

68

44

5

200 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 200

Under 5 years

5 to 9 years

10 to 14 years

15 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years

45 to 54 years

55 to 64 years

65 to 74 years

75 to 84 years

85 years and over


Population by Age Group

Male: Female:




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HousingThere is an estimated total of 444 households in the village with an average household size of 2.26 persons; and a total of 276 families with an average family size of 2.96.2 Table 4 illustrates the distribution of household types that exist in the village.

According to the 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimates, there are 525 housing units in the community (single-family, apartments, seasonal cottages, etc.); 314 of which are owner occupied and 130 are available to renters. According to the 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimates the homeowner vacancy rate is 5.4% and the rental vacancy rate is an astonishing 0.0%. Both the homeowner and rental vacancy rates are quite low and would seem to indicate a very healthy housing stock in this community.

While this may be true when looking at the larger area of the entire village, the ACS figures appear to underestimate vacancy rates in the Historic Business District (HBD)*. Vacancy rates have been disputed by the local Code Enforcement Officer. This was verified by an informal streetside survey conducted by the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development staff in May of 2015. Survey results confirmed that actual vacancy rates were higher than estimated in the 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimates, and the 2010 US Census. In fact, of the 25 total buildings located in the HBD, 8 (32%) were found to be vacant; and 5 of those buildings are considered mixed-use with upper-story apartments above ground level commercial/retail space. Of the 31 total residential units available in the HBD (in 15 different buildings), Cayuga County identified 12 residential apartments to be vacant, representing 39% of the available units in the HBD. Additionally, these vacant units account for just over 50% of the total square footage available in residential apartments in the HBD. The commercial/retail space available in the Historic Business District is facing a similar vacancy rate of just over 45%; and an overwhelming number of the buildings in the HBD (88%) could be classified as historic and listed on the state or national register since they were built between 1830 and 1950. There is only one building in all of downtown that was built after 1967; which is the Seneca Fall Savings Bank built on a then vacant lot in 2009.

*The boundary of the Historic Business District can be viewed on Map 4- Zoning on page 50.

19

Table 4

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Households with Families Non-Family Households Non-Family Households- LivingAlone (65+ yrs. Old)*


Households

*Part of the 168 non-family household count

Table 5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Occupied Vacant Owner Occupied Renter Occupied Seasonal,Recreational, orOccasional Use


Housing Units




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EducationAccording to the US Census 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimates, 82% of the people between the ages of 18 and 24 and 93% of the people over 25 living in the village have reached the educational attainment level of a high school diploma/GED or higher. While this isn’t a huge difference, more research is needed to determine the reasons for the lower attainment level for this younger generation (aka the Millennials). The village will consult with the school district to determine what type of interventions or incentives are necessary to help bring this statistic up. Investments into the education and skilled training of the youngest generations is important, for they are the future of this community. Tables 6, 7, and 8 illustrate the educational attainment statistics mentioned above as well as the most recent school enrollment estimates.

20

Table 6

29

6561

4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Less than HighSchool Graduate

High SchoolGraduate or GED

Some College orAssociate's Degree

Bachelor's Degreeor Higher

Popu

latio

n 18

-24

yrs


Educational Attainment

Table 7

1341

269

199

7387

49

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Less than9th Grade

9th-12thGrade (nodiploma)

High SchoolGraduate or

GED

SomeCollege (no

degree)

Associate'sDegree

Bachelor'sDegree

Graduate orProfessional

Degree

Popu

latio

n 25

yrs

+


Educational Attainment

Table 8

0

28 28

61 60

99

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Nursery/Pre-School Kindergarten Grade 1-4 Grade 5-8 Grade 9-12 College- Undergrad College-Grad/Professional

Popu

latio

n 3

yrs+


School Enrollment




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Income and PovertyAccording to the US Census 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimates, the overall median household income in the village is $60,341; and the estimated median income for families is $80,156. There are 38 families out of the total 276 families in the community who are living below the poverty level. This figure equates to 13.8% of the total number of families living in the village, which is higher than the 7.8% of families for all of Cayuga County. Tables 9 and 10 illustrate the estimated number of household and families at various income levels.

21

Table 9

29

43

49

28

54

84

65

72

9

11

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Less than $10,000

$10,000-$14,999

$15,000-$24,999

$25,000-$34,000

$35,000-$49,999

$50,000-$74,999

$75,000-$99,000

$100,000-$149,999

$150,000-$199,999

$200,000 or More


Number of Households

Household Income

Table 10

4

6

31

12

45

36

53

69

9

11

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Less than $10,000

$10,000-$14,999

$15,000-$24,999

$25,000-$34,000

$35,000-$49,999

$50,000-$74,999

$75,000-$99,000

$100,000-$149,999

$150,000-$199,999

$200,000 or More


Number of Families

Family Income




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Business and IndustryOut of the thirteen different industry sectors that individuals in the village are employed in, Educational Services; Heath Care & Social Assistance; Arts, Entertainment & Recreation; and Accommodations & Food Services are by far the top employers in the community. Table 11 below illustrates the distribution of employment by job sector of the civilian workforce age 16 and older. According to this same data set, the median earnings in 2016 for all individuals in the community was $30,069; but the difference reported between median earnings for men vs. women in this community was $18,158 with men earning $50,625 and women only $32,467.

Table 12 illustrates the overall employment status of the population in the village that are 16 years or older. Tables 13 and 14 respectfully, illustrate how individuals in this same data set (employed civilians 16 years old and older in the village) traveled to work and how long their commute was from their home to their place of work. The average travel time to work for residents was 18.6 minutes. According to the US Census Bureau, 45% of the village’s population works in Cayuga County, but only 5.3% work in the Village of Union Springs.4

22

51

30

75

5

40

12

3

9

24

148

112

38

33

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting

Construction

Manufacturing

Wholesale Trade

Retail Trade

Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities

Information

Finance & Insurance, Real Estate & Rental/Leasing

Professional, Scientific, Management, Administration and Waste Management Services

Educational Services, Health Care & Social Assistance

Arts, Entertainment & Recreation, Accommodations & Food Services

Other Services (except Public Administration)

Public Administration


Employment by Industry TypeCivilian Employed Population- 16yrs+

Number of Persons Employed

Table 11

Table 13

75.5%

14.5%

8.6%

1.4%

Means of Transportation to WorkCivilian Employed Population- 16yrs+

Car, Truck or Van

Walked

Worked at Home

Taxicab, Motorcycle, Bicycle, or OtherMeans


Table 12

63%

2%

35%

Employment StatusCivilian Employed Population- 16yrs+

Employed

Unemployed

Not in Labor Force





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Access to Healthy FoodsThe USDA defines a food desert as “parts of the country vapid of fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful whole foods, usually found in impoverished areas. This is largely due to a lack of grocery stores, farmers’ markets, and healthy food providers”.5 Former First Lady Michelle Obama and the USDA have been working together on both the Let’s Move initiative to end childhood obesity and the proposed Healthy Food Financing Initiative to expand the availability of nutritious foods in existing food deserts across the nation. “The USDA defines what's considered a food desert and which areas will be helped by this initiative: To qualify as a “low-access community,” at least 500 people and/or at least 33 percent of the census tract's population must reside more than one mile from a supermarket or large grocery store (for rural census tracts, the distance is more than 10 miles)”. Using the Food Desert Locator mapping tool, the screen shot below indicates that the Village of Union Springs is not located in a food desert. The community has a Shur Fine grocery store and The Produce Place market which offers locally grown produce, plants (flowers, vegetable seeds, and starter plants), a small deli, and homemade baked goods: both are located on Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90). The community does lack a pharmacy however, as there isn’t one in the local grocery store or a standalone pharmacy in the community. Many residents split their shopping trips between the local stores and those in the City of Auburn, where many residents work. Given the aging population, the addition of a pharmacy within walking distance to the senior housing complex on Fox Lane and any future senior housing development would be an asset to the community.

Screen shot showing existing food deserts around the Village of Union Springs6

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Table 14

37.4%

17.2%

27.2%

9.2%

4.3%4.7%

Travel Time to WorkCivilian Employed Population- 16yrs+

Less than 10min10-19min20-29min30-44min45-59min60+ min





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Market AnalysisIn order to determine the potential for economic development in the community a market analysis was conducted using a drive-time methodology by examining key demographic and business sector data in a 10-minute, 20-minute, and 30-minute travel radii7 by the predominant mode of transportation in the area: the automobile. These three travel time segments were chosen in order to capture data from the populations that are most likely to frequently travel into and out of the community (on a regular basis)8. Map 3 illustrates these three drive-time radii in relation to the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area boundary (WRA).

The drive-time analysis method for determining future market trends was chosen over a strict travel distance radii, since the location of Cayuga Lake to the west of the community effects travel patterns in the region; as such, a drive-time analysis is a more accurate indicator of the demographics and market trends of residents in and around Union Springs. Within each of these three drive-times, demographic indicators such as age, income, and community tapestry segment were analyzed. This data is summarized in Table 15 and in the following sections for Community Tapestry and Consumer Expenditure Analysis.

Table 15: Demographics by Drive-Time Radii

Study Area Population Median Age Median Housing Value Median Household Income10 minute drive-time 2,429 45.9 $143,590 $63,89720 minute drive-time 22,504 41.0 $114,670 $47,73430 minute drive-time 66,741 43.0 $121,527 $52,562Cayuga County 79,528 43.1 $121,639 $54,125New York State 20,070,143 39.0 $322,649 $63,751Source: 2018 Estimates from Esri, based on U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Census data on Population and Housing.

Community TapestryThe community tapestry analysis was conducted in the three drive-time radii around Union Springs to identify the specific consumer groups that exist in the immediate region. The community tapestry analysis is based on the principle that “birds of a feather flock together” in that people generally choose to live, shop, and recreate in areas that exude lifestyles, behaviors, and tastes similar to theirs. This type of analysis is used all over the country to help businesses better understand local/regional consumers in order to provide the products and services that these tapestry sectors are looking for.

Esri, a global geographic information systems company, describes their analytical tool this way: “Tapestry™ Segmentation, a market segmentation system designed to identify consumer markets in the United States, incorporates the effects of growth and decline in the last decade on established consumer markets plus the emergence of new markets populated by the Millennials and immigrants. Reflecting the increasing diversity among American consumers, Tapestry includes 67 distinct behavioral market segments which are grouped into 14 LifeMode groups that are based on lifestyle and lifestage.”3 The most predominant tapestry segment groups found in each of the drive-time radii are summarized below4. The data in terms of the number of households included in each drive-time radii for each segment are exclusive of one another, meaning that the 30 minute drive-time data does not include the data for the 20 minute or 10 minute radii and so on.




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Cozy Country Living (LifeMode Group 6)Salt of the Earth (segment 6B)

• 878 (95.2%) of the households in a 10 minute drive radius• 2,661 (30.4%) of the households in a 20 minute drive radius• 4,643 (17.2%) of the households in a 30 minute drive radius

Salt of the Earth residents are entrenched in their traditional, rural lifestyles. Citizens here are older, and many have grown children that have moved away. They still cherish family time and also tending to their vegetable gardens and preparing homemade meals. Residents embrace the outdoors; they spend most of their free time preparing for their next fishing, boating, or camping trip. The majority has at least a high school diploma or some college education; many have expanded their skill set during their years of employment in the manufacturing and related industries. They may be experts with DIY projects, but the latest technology is not their forte. They use it when absolutely necessary, but seek face-to-face contact in their routine activities.

• Median Age: 44.1• Median Household Income: $56,300• Household income just over the national median, while net worth is double the national median.• Due to their rural setting, households own two vehicles to cover their long commutes, often across county

boundaries.• Home ownership rates are very high. Single-family homes are affordable, valued at 25 percent less than the

national market. • Nearly two in three households are composed of married couples; less than half have children at home.• Completed education: 40% with a high school diploma only. • Cost-conscious consumers, loyal to brands they like, with a focus on buying American.• Try to eat healthy, tracking the nutrition and ingredients in the food they purchase.

Middle Ground (LifeMode Group 8)Hardscrabble Road (segment 8G)

• None (0%) of the households in a 10 minute drive radius• 1,305 (14.9%) of the households in a 20 minute drive radius• 1,520 (5.6%) of the households in a 30 minute drive radius

Hardscrabble Road neighborhoods are in urbanized areas within central cities, with older housing. This slightly smaller market is primarily a family market, married couples (with and without children) and single parents. Younger, highly diverse (with higher proportions of black, multiracial, and Hispanic populations), and less educated, they work mainly in service, manufacturing, and retail trade industries. Unemployment is high (almost twice the US rate), and median household income is half the US median. Almost 1 in 3 households have income below the poverty level. Approximately 60% of householders are renters, living primarily in single-family homes, with a higher proportion of dwellings in 2–4 unit buildings. This market is struggling to get by.

• Median Age: 32.4• Median Household Income: $28,200• Renters: About three-fifths of households.• Primarily family households, married couples with or without children, single parents, and multi-generational

households.• Education completed: 38% with a high school diploma only; 28% with some college or an associate’s degree.• Wages and salaries are the primary source of income for 70% of households, with contributions from Supplemental

Security Income for 12% and public assistance for 7%.• These cost-conscious consumers purchase sale items in bulk and buy generic over name brands.• They tend to save money for a specific purpose.




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Hometown (LifeMode Group 12)Traditional Living (segment 12B)

• None (0%) of the households in a 10 minute drive radius• 916 (10.5%) of the households in a 20 minute drive radius• 4,020 (14.9%) of the households in a 30 minute drive radius

Traditional Living residents in this segment live primarily in low-density, settled neighborhoods. The households are a mix of married-couple families and singles. Many families encompass two generations who have lived and worked in the community; their children are likely to follow suit. The manufacturing, retail trade, and health care sectors are the primary sources of employment for these residents. This is a younger market—beginning householders who are juggling the responsibilities of living on their own or a new marriage, while retaining their youthful interests in style and fun.

• Median Age: 35.5• Median Household Income: $39,300• Married couples are the dominant household type, but fewer than expected from the younger age profile and fewer

with children; however, there are higher proportions of single-parent and single-person households.• Most neighborhoods are located in lower-density urban clusters of metro areas.• Average commuting time to work is very short.• Over 70% have completed high school or some college.• Almost three quarters of households derive income from wages and salaries, augmented by Supplemental Security

Income and public assistance.• Cost-conscious consumers that are comfortable with brand loyalty, unless the price is too high.• Connected and comfortable with the Internet, they are more likely to participate in online gaming or posting pics

on social media.• TV is seen as the most trusted media.

Small Town Simplicity (segment 12C)• None (0%) of the households in a 10 minute drive radius• 1,252 (14.3%) of the households in a 20 minute drive radius• 2,072 (7.7%) of the households in a 30 minute drive radius

Small Town Simplicity includes young families and senior householders that are bound by community ties. The lifestyle is down-to-earth and semirural, with television for entertainment and news, and emphasis on convenience for both young parents and senior citizens. Residents embark on pursuits including online computer games, scrapbooking, and rural activities like hunting and fishing. Since almost 1 in 4 households is below poverty level, residents also keep their finances simple—paying bills in person and avoiding debt.

• Median Age: 40.8• Median Household Income: $31,500• They reside in small towns or semi-rural neighborhoods, mostly outside metropolitan areas.• Homes are a mix of older single-family houses (61%), apartments, and mobile homes. • Half of all homes are owner-occupied.• This is an older market, with half of the householders aged 55 years or older, and predominantly single-person

households.• Education: 67% with high school diploma or some college.• Income from wages and salaries, Social Security or retirement, increased by Supplemental Security Income.• Price-conscious consumers that shop accordingly, with coupons at discount centers.• Connected, but not to the latest or greatest gadgets; keep their landlines.• Community-orientated residents; more conservative than middle-of-the-road.• Rely on television or newspapers to stay informed.

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Consumer Expenditure AnalysisThe Market Potential Index (MPI) measures the relative likelihood of the adults or households in the specified trade area to exhibit certain consumer behavior or purchasing patterns compared to the U.S. An MPI of 100 represents the U.S. average, so, for example, if the index for a particular item is higher than 100, it indicates that households in the study area likely spend more than average on a product or service.

This data is useful in several aspects. First, the MPI can help a community determine the types of services which residents in the area are willing to patronize more often, or spend more per activity. For instance, residents in the study area (particularly in the 10 minute drive time area) spend significantly above the national average on apparel, electronics like digital cameras and personal computers, frequently shop and spend large sums at convenience stores, and automobile maintenance including purchasing gasoline. This would indicate a demand for these types of services or amenities in the WRA.

In addition, the MPI can illustrate areas in which the market may be saturated. For example, spending on jewelry and watches is much lower than the national average. These statistics suggest that the number of big-box chain stores in the region is filling the need for these items. Additionally, the presence of a Wegmans grocery store in Auburn could be contributing to the low index for environmentally conscious and organic products, since the store provides a wide variety of these items. It is therefore unlikely that boutique-style shops in a downtown setting which solely sell these products would be as successful in the WRA.

Finally, the MPI supports the findings of the Tapestry data. In particular, the 10 minute drive-time and 30 minute drive-time areas spends significantly more than the 20 minute segment studied in this report. This indicates groups which are willing to spend more money to obtain luxury or high-end products, or to patronize shops and services more often; and those that have a higher disposable income than in the 20 minute drive-time area. Tables 16 through 20 below illustrate the consumer spending potential around Union Springs in five major categories in each of the three drive-time areas; and Table 21 illustrates consumer’s psychographics (buying preferences) in each of the three drive-time areas.

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Table 16

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Bought any men's clothing in last 12 months

Bought any women's clothing in last 12 months

Bought clothing for child <13 yrs in last 6 mo.

Bought any shoes in last 12 months

Bought any fine jewelry in last 12 months

Bought a watch in last 12 months

Retail Market PotentialApparel & Services

10 min

20 min

30min

Data Note: An MPI (Market Potential Index) measures the relative likelihood of the adults or households in the specified trade area to exhibit certain consumer behavior or purchasing patterns compared to the U.S. An MPI of 100 represents the U.S. average. Source: These data are based upon national propensities to use various products and services, applied to local demographic composition. Usage data were collected by GfK MRI in a nationally representative survey of U.S. households. Esri forecasts for 2018 and 2023.

U.S. Average




Page 28

Table 17

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Own digital point & shoot camera/camcorderPrinted digital photos in last 12 months

Bought cell phone in last 12 monthsHave a smartphone

HH has cell phone only (no landline telephone)HH owns a computer

HH purchased most recent computer in a storeHH purchased most recent computer online

Spent <$500 on most recent home computerSpent $500-$999 on most recent home computer

Gambled at a casino in last 12 monthsWent to a bar/night club in last 12 months

Went to live theater in last 12 monthsAttended a movie in last 6 months

Retail Market PotentialEntertainment/Recreation

10 min

20 min

30min


U.S. Average

Table 18

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Drank beer/ale in last 6 months

Drank bottled water/seltzer in last 6 months

Shopped at convenience store in last 6 mos

Spent at convenience store in last 30 days: $40-$50

Spent at convenience store in last 30 days: $100+

Used fresh milk in last 6 months

Used fresh fruit/vegetables in last 6 months

Used organic food in last 6 months

Went to fast food/drive-in restaurant in last 6 months

Went to family restaurant/steak house in last 6 months

Retail Market PotentialFood: Consumed at Home and Away from Home

10 min

20 min

30min


U.S. Average




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Table 19

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Domestic travel in last 12 months

Spent on domestic vaca last 12 months: <$1,000

Spent on domestic vaca last 12 months: $1,500-$1,999

Spent on domestic vacat last 12 months: $2,000-$2,999

HH owns/leases any vehicle

HH bought/leased new vehicle last 12 months

Bought gasoline in last 6 months

Bought/changed motor oil in last 12 months

Had tune-up in last 12 months

Retail Market PotentialTravel, Vehicle Maintenance & Repairs

10 min

20 min

30min


U.S. Average

Table 20

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Exercise at home 2+ times per week

Exercise at club 2+ times per week

Visited a doctor in last 12 months

Used vitamin/dietary supplement in last 6 months

Retail Market PotentialHealth Care

10 min

20 min

30min


U.S. Average




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Table 21

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Buying American is important to me

Usually buy based on quality - not price

Usually pay more for environ safe product

Usually value green products over convenience

Likely to buy a brand that supports a charity

Retail Market PotentialBuying Preferences

10 min

20 min

30min


U.S. Average

According to the Cayuga County Tourism Office 2015 report, the following dollar amounts are spent annually in Cayuga County for tourism activities: Lodging- $30.72 mil; Food & Beverage- $21.07 mil; Retail & Service Stations- $17.44 mil; Recreation- $3.40 mil.




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Citations1. Census information for the Village of Union Springs was gathered from the United States Census Bureau using 2000 census data, 2010 census data, and 2012-2016 American Community Survey estimates data. All data was obtained through the American FactFinder data search tool available at: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml2. Census information for the Village of Union Springs was gathered from the United States Census Bureau using 2000 census data, 2010 census data, and 2012-2016 American Community Survey estimates data. All data was obtained through the American FactFinder data search tool available at: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml3. Data from the United States Census Bureau 2012-2016 American Community Survey estimates obtained through the American FactFinder data search tool available at: http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml4. US Census Bureau: OnTheMap application. Accessed 09-10-18. http://onthemap.ces.census.gov Selection Areas used: Village of Union Springs, Cayuga County, and New York State.5. American Nutrition Association. Nutrition Digest. Volume 38, No. 2. Available at: http://americannutritionassociation.org/newsletter/usda-defines-food-deserts6. Food Access Research Atlas. USDA. Available at: http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas/go-to-the-atlas/7. Esri White Paper J9941, Tapestry Segmentation: Methodology. 2016.8. Esri, Tapestry Segmentation data summary of traits, 2016. Available from esri.com/tapestry. Note from Esri: The Index represents the ratio of the segment rate to the US rate multiplied by 100. Consumer preferences are estimated from data by GfK MRI.

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asco Lake

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Area

Cayuga Lake

Seneca Lake

B?90 B?34

B?34B

B?5B?34B?38

B?326

B?90

B?89

B?414

B?96

B?38

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CAYUGACOUNTY

SENECACOUNTY

Auburn

Waterloo

SenecaFalls

Weedsport

Port Byron

Cayuga

Aurora

B?14


Development

Map prepared by:

Map 3

Drive-Time Radii

Mi.0 1 2 3 4

0 2 4 61Km.


Ovid

Moravia

Skaneateles

HarborManagement

Plan Area


CayugaCounty

Travel Times by Car10 Minutes

20 Minutes

30 Minutes

Municipal Boundaries



Sources:

U.S. Geological Survey. 2012. The National Elevation Dataset (NED).

U.S. Geological Survey. 2014. The National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD);The National Transportation Dataset (NTD).

Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016.County Geographic Information System (GIS) database.

NYS Office of Information Technology Services GIS Program Office. 2016.GIS file of city and town boundaries.

Esri ArcGIS Online Bussiness Analyst extension, 2016. HERE streetdrive-time radii data, 2016.

Village ofUnion

Springs

WAYNECOUNTY

TOMPKINSCOUNTY

ONONDAGACOUNTY

SCHUYLERCOUNTY

Skaneateles Lake




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2.4 REGIONAL PLANNING EFFORTSThere have been several regional planning efforts over the years for the area around the Village of Union Springs, primarily focused on Cayuga Lake, the mostly notably of which is the Cayuga Lake watershed management plan. The plan, officially titled the Cayuga Lake Watershed Restoration and Protection Plan (RPP), was completed in 2001 through a collaborative effort between two regional planning boards (Genesee/Finger Lakes and Central New York), 31 municipalities, and several community action groups. The Cayuga Lake Watershed Intermunicipal Organization (IO)1 was formed as a result of the implementation strategy in the plan; and Union Springs has been an active member of the IO since 2004.

The Intermunicipal Organization envisions Cayuga Lake recognized and valued by all watershed residents as the watershed’s foremost natural feature and resource, deserving of and receiving protection via watershed-wide adoption of land-use plans that minimize pollution and sprawl, preserve viewsheds and soils, and result in a sustainable and diverse economy that provides satisfying employment for all residents able to work and that contributes to regional self-sufficiency, all in a non-discriminatory, equitable, and cooperative manner.The Intermunicipal Organization (IO) will work through the development and implementation of the RPP to promote the understanding that is vital to maintain and improve the ecological health and beauty of the watershed and the protection and preservation of Cayuga Lake, along with building and maintaining a productive economy in order to sustain a healthy social environment for the people of the Cayuga Lake Watershed.The purpose of the IO is to recognize the interrelatedness of all activities within our watershed and to collaboratively and collectively work to address issues and problems. The goal is to promote understanding that is vital to maintain and improve the ecological health and beauty of the watershed along with building and maintaining a productive economy and also sustain a healthy social environment for the people of the Cayuga Lake Watershed.2

The plan identified several sub-watershed as areas of concern regarding level of sediment reaching the lake from streambank erosion and encroachment in riparian corridors. The IO has continued to work with communities, landowners, and organizations/agencies in the watershed when possible to minimize storm water run-off and erosion in and around the major tributaries to help reduce sediment plumes entering the lake. As a result of their efforts, in 2015 the Town of Ithaca (member of the IO) was awarded funding from the NYS Department of State through the Environmental Protection Fund to update the watershed management plan. The Cayuga Lake Watershed Network3 assisted with this process which was completed in March 2017.

Other regional planning efforts include the Cayuga Lake Watershed Wetland Management Report (Sept. 2001)4 which was a product of the RPP; the planning and establishment of the Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway5

in 2002; the Scenic Route 90 Waterfront Villages Plan (April 2003)6; the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail Plan developed by the counties of Cayuga, Seneca, and Tompkins with a grant from the NYS Department of State through the Environmental Protection Fund (Dec. 2013)7; and the Cayuga County Office of Tourism Strategic Plan (Nov. 2015).8 While all of these plans and efforts contain some strategies or suggestions for the future prosperity of the larger community surrounding Union Springs, none provide the framework or guidance for the development and preservation of the waterfront area (WRA defined in this plan); which is why this LWRP is so important to the community.




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Map of the Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway9

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In June of 2018, the NYS Water Quality Rapid Response Team, with assistance from national experts and local stakeholders, developed Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Action Plans for 12 lakes that have experienced HABs or are vulnerable to them developing, including Cayuga Lake. The plan “identified contributing factors fueling HABs and immediate actions that can be taken to reduce the sources of pollution that spark algal blooms.” and includes information on “...lake background, designated uses, user and stakeholder groups, monitoring efforts, water quality conditions, summary of HABs in the lake, waterbody assessment, conditions triggering HABs, sources of pollutants, lake management/water quality goals, summary of management actions to date, and proposed HABs actions.”10 The NYS Water Quality Rapid Response Team will coordinate the implementation of action plan recommendations with $60 million in implementation funding that will be distributed through competitive grants through various existing funding programs across the state.11

The Central New York Regional Economic Council (CNY REDC), established as one of ten regional economic development councils by Governor Andrew M. Cuomo in 2011, works closely with business and municipalities in the counties of Cayuga, Cortland, Madison, Onondaga, and Oswego in an effort to bring continued economic prosperity and growth to the region. The Economic Development Councils were established as a way to distribute state funds to regional not-for-profits, municipalities and other agencies, and the business community for projects of a larger scope than that which could be awarded through various state agencies through the CFA award process. Since its inception, the CNY REDC has been the recipient of one of the top annual awards from the Governor each year to implement their strategic plan in the region.

Innovation and collaboration will create opportunity for all who live and work in Central New York. We will take ownership over our future; operate in a nimble, efficient, and effective manner; and leverage our many assets—natural, agricultural, geographic, economic, educational, cultural, and human—to form a diverse, sustainable, and globally competitive economy while preserving and enhancing our region’s treasured quality of life.12

The CNY REDC has set the following strategic goals and priority industry concentrations that all funding requests are measured by:13

1. Strengthen Targeted Industry Concentrations that Leverage Unique Economic Assets (Clean Energy and Environmental Systems; Health, Biomedical Services, and Biosciences; Financial Services; Agribusiness and Food Processing; Advanced Manufacturing; and Tourism)

2. Improve Competitiveness in and Connections to Regional, National, and Global Economies (Encourage New Venture and Product Development; Prioritize Investments in Innovation, Commercialization, and Process Improvement; Capture a Greater Share of the Global Marketplace; Build a 21st Century Infrastructure; and Maximize Human Capital)

3. Revitalize the Region’s Urban Cores, Main Street and Neighborhoods (Rethink; Re-purpose; and Retrain)

In their 2016-2017 Progress Report, the CNY REDC identified the following three Pillars of Economic Growth as their key indicators for success in the region:14

1. Invest in Key Growth Drivers2. Build an Inclusive Economy3. Develop Enablers of Prosperity

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In addition to protecting the Finger Lakes for wildlife and drinking water, the plan calls for the protection of the lakes and lands around them for recreational purposes as well. Table 22 below lists the overarching goals from the 2016 New York State Open Space Conservation Plan that are of particular relevance to the Village of Union Springs LWRP.

The Finger Lakes Region has been identified as a Major Resource Area and strategies, such as acquisition of additional public access and consolidation of existing State projects continues to be recommended. The shorelines of most of these unique lakes are tied up in private ownership so that most citizens have little direct experience with them, even though their length provides hundreds of miles of shoreline. Steep slopes and riparian zones offer majestic views of these lakes, along with natural protection of their unique resources. Public goals for protection include public access and wildlife protection. Public access for swimming, photography, shoreline fishing, and canoeing is minimal. Natural, forested shoreline is itself a scarce resource, incrementally lost over time to home site development.

Projects to preserve portions of the shoreline of any of these lakes, either for public access or for wildlife, could include acquisition, easements, or additions to existing public segments. Parties, including New York State, local governments, and non-profit organizations, must be prepared to capitalize on these opportunities, which will become increasingly critical as shoreline development and prices continue to climb.15

Table 22: New York’s Open Space Conservation Goals16

No. Goal

1 To protect water quality, including surface and underground drinking water supplies, lakes, streams and coastal and estuarine waters needed to sustain human life and aquatic ecosystems.

2 To provide accessible, quality, outdoor recreation and open space to all New Yorkers.

3 To protect habitat for the diversity of plant and animal species to ensure the protection of healthy, viable and sustainable ecosystems.

4 To improve quality of life and overall health in our communities, especially those with limited current access to open space.

5 To maintain critical natural resource-based industries such as farming, forest products, commercial fishing and tourism.

10 To maintain an interconnected network of protected lands and waters enabling flora and fauna to adapt to climate change.

11 To protect habitat to sustain the traditional pastimes of hunting, fishing, trapping and wildlife viewing.

13 To protect and enhance scenic, historic and cultural resources considered to be valued parts of the common heritage of our citizens.

15To improve quality of life with targeted green infrastructure that restores environmental benefits of open space, aesthetics, clean air, water, soil and access to nature in disadvantaged communities that have suffered an excessive, unfair share of environmental degradation.

16 To identify, sustain, and rebuild natural lands, features, and systems that prevent or buffer impacts to life and property from extreme weather events.

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The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, in their 2016 update of the New York State Open Space Conservation Plan, included in the priority projects for Central New York and the Finger Lakes (Regions 6, 7, & 8) the need to preserve and protect the shorelines and riparian zones around each of the Finger Lakes, including Cayuga Lake. The plan cites the importance of protecting all waters of the State, but notes that four of the eleven Finger Lakes, including Cayuga Lake, are designated as Important Bird Areas by the New York Audubon society because they are significant wintering areas for several endangered and threatened species of waterfowl (see Section 2.12 for more details).




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Citations1. Cayuga Lake Watershed Intermunicipal Organization webpage: http://www.cayugawatershed.org/2. Cayuga Lake Watershed Restoration and Protection Plan. Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Council. July 2001. Pg. 5-6.3. Cayuga Lake Watershed Network website: http://www.cayugalake.org/4. Cayuga Lake Watershed Wetland Management. Genesee/Finger Lakes Regional Planning Council. September 2001. Available at: http://www.cayugawatershed.org/Cayuga%20Lake/wetland/Final%20Report.pdf5. Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway website: http://cayugalake.com/6. Economic Development Plan: Scenic Route 90 Waterfront Villages. Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development. April 8, 2003. 7. Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail Plan. Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail Committee and Alta Planning & Design. December 2013. Available at: http://www.cayugacounty.us/Portals/0/planning/Documents/Cayuga%20Lake%20Blueway%20Trail%20Plan-%20Final.pdf?ver=2016-09-12-104119-2308. Strategic Direction: Destination 2020. Cayuga County Office of Tourism. November 24, 2015. Available at: http://tourcayuga.com/assets/Uploads/Documents/Cayuga-Strategic-Direction-February-2016.pdf9. Harmful Algal Bloom Action Plan for Cayuga Lake. Available at http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/water_pdf/cayugahabplan.pdf

10. Harmful Algal Bloom Action Plans information page. Available at http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/113733.html 11. Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway map. Available at: http://cayugalake.com/ Accessed: September 12, 2016.12. Central New York Regional Economic Development Council, Five-Year Strategic Plan: 2012-2016. Page 32. Available at: http://regionalcouncils.ny.gov/themes/nyopenrc/rc-files/centralny/final%20CNY%20REDC%20plan%20single%20pages.pdf13. Central New York Regional Economic Development Council, Five-Year Strategic Plan: 2012-2016. Page 2. Available at: http://regionalcouncils.ny.gov/themes/nyopenrc/rc-files/centralny/final%20CNY%20REDC%20plan%20single%20pages.pdf14. Central New York Regional Economic Development Council, 2016-2017 Progress Report. Page 5. Available at: http://regionalcouncils.ny.gov/sites/default/files/regions/centralny/CNY_ProgressReport2016.pdf15. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 2016 New York State open Space Conservation Plan. Page 141-142. 16. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 2016 New York State open Space Conservation Plan. Page 1-2.

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2.5 LOCAL PLANNING EFFORTSBelow is a brief overview of the village’s historic use of land use tools and planning documents, as well as, in general, what their current Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Law recommend/require for lands within the WRA.

Previous Planning EffortsWhile the majority of municipalities in Cayuga County developed Master Plans or Comprehensive Plans beginning in the mid-1960s, that is not the case for the Village of Union Springs. The Village of Union Springs Planning Board, at the request of the Village Board of Trustees, first developed a unified vision and strategy for future growth and land use in the village beginning in 1977. In December of 1982 they presented a document titled Village of Union Springs Policy Development Plan to the Village Board of Trustees that was later adopted by the village. The plan provides a general future development concept focused on orderly moderate growth while still preserving the character and historic architecture of the village. The plan also includes specific recommendations for amending the village’s 1973 zoning law to include additional light industrial areas to help “broaden the village’s economic base”1; maintain and upgrade the public water system; encourage a variety of housing development types including single-family, apartments, and senior housing; upgrading park and recreation facilities; developing a community center; and adopting and enforcing both mobile home and residential subdivision ordinances. After this plan was adopted by the Village Board of Trustees, the village did develop and adopt a mobile home ordinance, subdivision regulations, and amended their zoning law in 1987. In 2007, the village adopted a new and more thorough Comprehensive Plan with assistance from the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development (CCPED); followed by a new Zoning Law adopted in 2013, again with assistance from CCPED, which updated and incorporated all previous land development ordinances.

Current Planning EffortsAs mentioned above, the village has a Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Law that were each updated fairly recently. Additionally, the Village of Union Springs adopted a Hazard Mitigation Plan as part of the Cayuga County Multi-Jurisdictional All-Hazard Mitigation Plan in 20132; which includes a detailed annex for each participating community in the county. The plan identifies local natural hazards and infrastructure elements that are at risk from events such as flooding, severe storms, ground failure, and transportation related environmental hazards.

Comprehensive PlanThe Village of Union Springs 2007 Comprehensive Plan provides the following vision statement for the future growth and development of the village:

This Plan represents the first village-wide comprehensive plan since 1982 and will play a critical role in directing the future development of the village. The Plan includes recommendations to enhance the village business district, improve the visual appearance of the village, promote tourism, improve recreational opportunities, reinforce the village’s traditional land use pattern, promote activities for the youth, and better connect the village to the Lake.

Table 23 summarizes the various goals in the village’s Comprehensive Plan that relate either specifically or indirectly to the Waterfront Revitalization Area covered in this LWRP plan. Additionally, the village’s Comprehensive Plan provides the following specific recommendations related to waterfront and downtown revitalization:

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• Provide education through local newsletters or brochures to help educate the community of activities they can do or modify in order to protect local water resources. (pg. 39)

• The village should consider enacting a stormwater prevention law in order to review and enforce storm water plans within the village. These plans ensure that the proposed steps are taken to prevent sediment from getting into waterways and ensuring that the water leaving a site is of the same quality and quantity as prior to the new development. (pg. 40)

• Evaluate the Town of Springport’s Wellhead Protection Plan to determine if that plan or a similar one should be adopted by the Village of Union Springs. (pg. 41)

• Update existing regulations to provide for buffers and other measures in order to protect wetlands from negative impacts of development. (pg. 41)

• Modify existing zoning law to incorporate the proposed Zoning Districts…Lakeside Residential, Historic Business District, and Waterfront Commercial.3 (pg. 43-46)

• Improve pedestrian access throughout the village and provide connectivity to destinations within the village. (pg. 60)

• Create a development and management plan for the park to determine what maintenance activities are needed and what improvements are required to meet the needs of the residents. (pg. 75)

• Develop an overall improvement plan for the village’s pedestrian pathways. (pg. 77)• Continue to find funding for commercial facade and business improvements to redevelop the historic

business district into a more viable commercial center. (pg. 87)




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Table 23: Village of Union Springs 2007 Comprehensive Plan- Goals Related to the LWRP4

Topic GoalsNatural Resources Preserve and maintain the quality of the village’s environmental features.

Land Use

Encourage land use patterns that protect and enhance the unique character of the village while permitting a diverse range of land uses.Preserve and enhance permanent open space that protects significant cultural, scenic, and natural features and helps to maintain the village's small town character.

Housing Promote housing opportunities for all residents of the Village of Union Springs that is of quality construction, variety, affordability, and accessibility.

TransportationEnsure that adequate and attractive public parking is available in the downtown area.Provide a “pedestrian friendly” atmosphere in the village by maintaining, enhancing, and extending the sidewalk network in the village.

Infrastructure Promote the maintenance, enhancement, and development of municipal utilities that meet the needs of as many people as practicable in the most cost-effective manner.

Cultural Resources Increase the amount and types of cultural activities available to the village residents and tourists.

Recreation

Improve and expand recreational facilities in the Village of Union Springs and ensure that they are accessible and meet the diverse recreational needs of all residents.Develop linkages among the village's recreational and open space resources, the downtown area, and residential neighborhoods.Promote the village's recreational and open space resources, the downtown area, and residential neighborhoods.

Historical Resources

Promote the historic and cultural heritage of the Village of Union Springs through the preservation of historically significant structures, sites, landscapes, artifacts, and records.

Economic Development

& Tourism

Preserve and strengthen the economy of the Village of Union Springs and encourage a growing and diversified economic base.Recognize and promote tourism as one of the village’s key economic development strengths.

Visual & Aesthetic Resources

Maintain and enhance the visual character of Union Springs by improving the appearance of Scenic NYS Route 90 and other areas outside the downtown.

Historic Business District

Revitalize the Historic Business District.




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Citations1. Village of Union Springs Policy Development Plan. Prepared by the Village of Union Springs Planning Board. Dated December 1982. Page 10.2. Cayuga County Multi-Jurisdictional All-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Village of Union Springs Annex, Section 9.31. Available at: http://www.cayugacounty.us/Departments/Planning-and-Economic-Development/Environmental-Protection/Hazard-Mitigation3. Author’s note: included in this list are the three most important new zoning districts recommended by the village’s Comprehensive Plan as it relates to the LWRP and the Waterfront Revitalization Area. The 2013 zoning law incorporated all of the recommended changes to the village’s zoning map including the establishment of these three new districts.4. Excerpts from the Village of Union Springs Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 2007.




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2.6 LOCAL REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINESThis chapter provides an overview of the current land use regulations utilized by the village for lands within the WRA. The village has one zoning district located outside of the WRA, therefore: the Rural Residential Zoning District was not included in this analysis. The current zoning districts in the WRA for the village are shown on Map 4.

Zoning RegulationsOn November 19, 2013 the Village of Union Springs adopted a new zoning law which replaced and repealed their previous zoning law based on the recommendations from their Comprehensive Plan adopted in 2007. The village’s zoning law is quite robust and covers a variety of topics and development possibilities. Like many villages in Central New York, the Village of Union Springs’ Zoning Law was written to allow for the continued orderly development of the village, while also providing for the preservation of the historic character of the community. The most notable changes to the 2013 Zoning Law from the 1987 Zoning Law are the addition of requirements and procedures for special use permits, landscaping and buffers, site plan review, and small wind energy systems. The previous local laws for telecommunications facilities and subdivision regulations were incorporated into the 2013 law as well. The most significant change however, is the inclusion of four (4) new zoning districts bringing the total to nine (9) along with a floodplain overlay district and a planned development district. In the village, local and county regulations are enforced in the same manner as in the town, through the local Code Enforcement Officer/Building, the County Health Department, local fire department, county police, and state police forces.

The Village of Union Springs Zoning Law provides a purpose and intent statement, a list of permitted uses, and minimum lot area and setback requirements for each zoning district. Below is a list of the zoning districts present in the WRA and their corresponding purpose statement, followed by Table 24 which illustrates the permitted uses in these districts, and the minimum lot area and setback requirements in Table 25.

• Agricultural Residential (AR) Zoning District: The purpose and intent in establishing the Agricultural Residential (AR) Zoning District is to provide areas within the Village of Union Springs where some low-impact farming practices will be permitted within the context of existing and future residential uses. The establishment of the AR District and the continuation of farming practices within the Village of Union Springs will contribute to and maintain the rural character prevalent in the AR District areas.

• Residential (R) Zoning District: The purpose and intent in establishing the Residential (R) Zoning District is to preserve and codify the existing areas within the village where higher density, Single-Family and Two-Family residential dwellings are the primary use and where, with approval by the Village Board and in compliance with this Law, some limited higher density residential uses and/or community organization and facility uses are permitted through a Special Use Permit approval process.

• Lakeside Residential (LR) Zoning District: The purpose and intent in establishing the Lakeside Residential (LR) Zoning District is to acknowledge the existence and special character of the primarily residential areas adjacent to Cayuga Lake and to establish use and dimensional requirements for this residential zone which address the residential nature and development constraints for the area.

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• Historic Business (HB) Zoning District: The Historic Business (HB) Zoning District is located in the Village Center of Union Springs and includes lots with frontage on Cayuga Street (also designated as Scenic Byway NYS Route 90) and is bordered to the north by Chapel Street and to the south by Center Street. The Historic Business (HB) Zoning District contains the core of the historic commercial retail shops/uses within the Village of Union Springs with many of the nineteenth-century buildings sharing cornice heights and styles and creating a cohesive street facade where adjacent buildings all align to the sidewalk edge along the street. The purpose and intent in establishing the Historic Business (HB) Zoning District is to acknowledge the character and nature of this commercial area while providing use and dimensional regulations that encourage infill development compatible with the existing street pattern and architectural context.

• Commercial (C) Zoning District: The purpose and intent in establishing the Commercial (C) Zoning District is to acknowledge and sustain the section of the Village of Union Springs that traditionally included commercial uses and enterprises and to establish a zoning district where the primary land use involved the sale and/or manufacture of goods and services carried out for profit.

• Neighborhood Commercial (NC) Zoning District: This district has been established to permit the establishment of certain commercial and residential uses in proximity to the center of the village and the Historic Central Business (HB) Zoning District and to allow such uses to be established along the NYS Route 90 corridor in a manner that is complimentary to, and in context with, adjacent residential neighborhood character. The District allows both residential and commercial uses, but any commercial activity must take place wholly within a structure that resembles a residential structure, or was formerly a residential structure and retains the appearance of a residential structure, and the lot must be developed through adherence to a site plan that shows yards with landscaping in the front and fully screened parking areas to either the side or rear of the property.

• Waterfront Commercial (WC) Zoning District: The Waterfront Commercial (WC) Zoning District has been established to provide a lakefront zone where the primary use is for activities involving the commercial sale of goods and services for profit where access to the Cayuga Lake waterfront is beneficial and/or essential to the nature of the established business enterprise.

• Park (P) Zoning District: The Park (P) Zoning District has been established to identify and provide for areas that are owned by the Village of Union Springs - or other organizations, that the village has determined should remain undeveloped and in a natural state with the exception that the development of limited infrastructure, facilities and amenities to serve the public who utilize the park facilities may be established under the review and authorization of the Union Springs Village Board.




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Table 24: Village of Union Springs Zoning District Permitted Uses1

Zoning DistrictUse Type AR R LR HB C NC WC

Accessory Structures & Buildings P P P P P P PAccessory Uses P SP SPAnimal Care / Training Facilities SPAssisted Living Facility P SPAutomobile Sales & Auto Dealerships SP SPAutomobile or Vehicle Repair SP SPBank and Financial Institutions SP P P P PBed & Breakfast P P P P P P PBusiness and Professional Offices SP P P P PCampground SPCemeteries PChild Care Facilities, Including Pre-school P P P P PClear Cutting Woodlands PCommercial Antenna, Micro-relay Station SPCommercial Domestic Animal Boarding Facilities SPCommercial (Non-Domestic) Animal Boarding Facilities SPConversion: Single-Family dwelling converted to a Two-Family dwelling P SP SP SP SPDocks (Water) P P PEating or Drinking Establishment SP P P P PEmergency Dwelling SP SP SP SP SP SP SPFarm Stands P P P P P P PFire Station PGasoline Station/Convenience Store SP SP

Golf Courses (Also See Section 6-12, A(3)) SP (PD)

Greenhouse P P P P P P PHealth Care Facilities P P P P PHome Occupations P P SP P P P PHotels, Motels SP SP SP SP SPIndustrial Uses (per Section 6-12,A(4)) SPInns P P P P P P PJunkyardsKeeping or raising of Domestic Animals P P P P P P PKeeping or raising of Exotic AnimalsKeeping or raising of Farm Animals P




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Table 24: Village of Union Springs Zoning District Permitted Uses (Continued)

Zoning DistrictUse AR R LR HB C NC WC

Library P P P P PLight Industrial Uses SP SP SPMarina SP PMixed-use building combining permitted residential and commercial uses P P* P PMobile Home (stand alone, not in a Mobile Home Park)

Mobile Home Park SP (PD)

Multi-family dwelling P SP SP SP* SP SPNursing Homes PPark, or Recreation Area (wherein the chief activity shall consist of outdoor recreation owned and operated by a not-for-profit organization) P SP P SP P

Parking for Fee SP SP SP SP SPPersonal Service Use SP P P SP SPPlaces of Worship P P P P P P PPrivate club or lodge for members inly and operated by a not-for-profit organization SP SP SP SP SP SP SP

Religious, sectarian and non-sectarian, denominational, private or public school, not conducted as a private, gainful business P SP SP SP SP SP SP

Retail Uses SP P P P PRiding Academy SP

Shopping Center P SP (PD)

Single-family dwelling P P P P* P PSpa Facility P P P P PTelecommunications/Cell Tower Facility SPTwo-family dwelling P P P SP* SP SP SPUndertaking & Funeral Parlors SP SP P P PVeterinary Services SP SP P P PNote: a blank cell indicates that the use is not permitted in that zoning district.“P” = Permitted by Right“SP” = Permitted with a Special Permit Approval subject to the requirements in Article VIII“SP (PD)” = Permitted with a Special Permit Approval subject to the requirements in Article VIII AND as a Planned Development District subject to the requirements in Article VI, Section 6-10* No Residential Use or Units shall be permitted on the first floor of buildings in the Historic Business District.




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Table 25: Village of Union Springs Zoning District Dimensional Requirements2

District Min. Lot Size (sq. ft.)

Min. Road Frontage (ft.)

Minimum YardsMax. Building

CoverageMax. Building

Height (ft.)Front (ft.)

Side (ft.)

Rear (ft.)

Agricultural Residential (AR) 20,000 100 30 10 30 30% 35Residential (R) 7,500 60 20 10 10 40% 35Lakeside Residential (LR) 20,000 100 30 10 35 40% 35Historic Business (HB) 5,000 24 0 0 0 85% 35Commercial (C) 40,000 100 30 20 30 35% 35Neighborhood Commercial (NC) 25,000 100 30 10 30 35% 35Waterfront Commercial (WC) 25,000 100 30 10 35 35% 35

State and Federal Agency AuthoritiesThe table below summarizes several federal and state agencies and their areas of regulation and/or enforcement pertinent to possible future activities or development in or on the waters or lands in the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area.

Table 26: Federal & State Agency Regulations Enforced in the WRA

Agency Name Area(s) of Regulation/Enforcement Regional Office ContactU.S. Army Corps of Engineers

The Corps of Engineers has jurisdiction over all waters of the United States. In the Buffalo District these waters include lakes, rivers, streams, intermittent tributaries, mudflats, vegetated shallows, and wetlands. Some ditches and ponds are also regulated. In general, Corps jurisdiction occurs at or below the Ordinary High Water (OHW) level or at the wetland/upland boundary. Examples of regulated activities include but are not limited to: dredging, filling, excavating, land clearing using mechanized equipment, ditching, stream channelization and relocation, shoreline protection, and dock construction. Permits are required for all projects which involve work in a water of the United States. Applicants may be private individuals, large or small businesses, farms, corporations, marina operators, Federal and State agencies, highway departments, utility companies, parks departments and local governments.3

U.S. Army Engineer District, Buffalo1776 Niagara StreetBuffalo, NY 14207-3199(716) 879-4410

Auburn Field Office7413 County House RoadAuburn, NY 13021(315) 255-8090

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (FWS)

FWS Endangered Species staff in regional offices administer native endangered and threatened species permits under the Endangered Species Act.4 FWS Migratory Bird staff in regional offices administer permits for certain activities with migratory birds5 and bald and golden eagles.6 The Ecological Services function of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is responsible for the conservation and restoration of fish and wildlife habitat, especially wetland habitat.7

U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceNew York Ecological Services Field Office3817 Luker RoadCortland, NY 13045-9349(607) 753-9334

New York State Department of State (DOS)

The NYS DOS maintains and updates the State’s building construction and energy conservation standards and oversees the enforcement of the standards by local jurisdictions.8

NYS Department of State One Commerce Plaza99 Washington Ave, Suite 1160Albany, NY 12231(518) 474-4073




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Table 26: Federal & State Agency Regulations Enforced in the WRA (Continued)

Agency Name Area(s) of Regulation/Enforcement Regional Office ContactNew York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)

The NYS DEC issues permits for the following activities relevant to the Village of Union Springs WRA: hunting & fishing licenses; to take and sell bait for fishing; to operate a party or charter boat for fishing trips; wastewater, stormwater & water withdrawal; drilling & mining of mineral resources; chemicals, petroleum & pesticides (excavation, bulk storage, transportation, and application); emissions into the air (factories); solid waste management (collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous and non-hazardous materials).9 Additionally, the NYS DEC requires the following permits for activities in waterways and wetlands: Projects in or near streams, rivers, lakes and ponds: require a Protection of Waters Permit for installing a culvert or bridge, digging or excavating, placing any fill material, installing a boat dock, stabilizing a streambank, installing utilities across a stream, building or removing a dam, excavating a pond.Projects in or near wetlands: require a Freshwater Wetland Permit for placing any fill material, digging or excavating, building any structure or road, clearing vegetation, installing a culvert, constructing a bulkhead.10

NYS DEC Region 7 Office615 Erie Blvd. WestSyracuse, NY 13204(315) 426-7400

David Bimber, Regional Permit Administrator(315) 426-7438

Dan Bishop, Regional Natural Resources Supervisor1285 Fisher AvenueCortland, NY 13045(607) 753-3095

New York State Department of Health (DOH)

The NYS DOH focuses on three areas for “promoting healthier environments” which include public drinking water, ensuring healthy fish consumption (monitoring toxins such as mercury in fresh water fish), and managing blue-green algal blooms.11 Areas that the NYS DOH regulate, permit, and inspect include: Public Water Supplies: the siting, design, treatment, and operation of public water systems; Public Swimming Pools, Bathing Beaches, and Aquatic Spray Grounds: site development, construction, maintenance, operation, supervision, and water quality/safety; Hotels, Motels, Children’s Camps, Campgrounds, and Mass Gatherings: fire, water, and food safety are the major concerns; and Public Food Service Establishments: proper food handling and preparation at permanent and temporary locations.12 **All of these areas of regulation are administered locally through the Cayuga County Department of Environmental Health and supported by the NYS DOH Central New York Regional Office.

Cayuga County Department of Environmental Health8 Dill StreetAuburn, NY 13021(315) 253-1405

NYS DOH Central NY Regional Office217 South Salina StreetSyracuse, NY 13202(315) 477-8481

New York State Department of Transportation (DOT)

The NYS DOT reviews proposals and issues permits for construction work on or in the right-of-way of any State highway. Permits are required for: the installation of signage; construction of sidewalks; curbs, crosswalks, etc.; culverts or other drainage facilities; installation of utilities adjacent to, across (overhead) or under State highways; and road/bridge reconstruction, resurfacing, patching, etc.

The Traffic Safety & Mobility office is responsible for making determinations regarding traffic safety issues, truck-bus inspections, hauling permits, highway work permits, and roadside signs.13

NYS DOT Region 3 Office333 E. Washington StreetSyracuse, NY 13202(315) 428-4351

Traffic Safety & MobilityDiana L. Graser, P.E.(315) 428-4380

New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP)

The NYS OPRHP issues permits for: floating objects in navigable waters (mooring buoys, bathing beach markers, swimming floats, speed zone markers, etc.), regattas, public vessel operator’s license, and certification of a public vessel.14

NYS OPRHP, Central NY Office6105 E. Seneca TurnpikeJamesville, NY 13078(315) 492-1756




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Table 26: Federal & State Agency Regulations Enforced in the WRA (Continued)

Agency Name Area(s) of Regulation/Enforcement Regional Office ContactNew York State Office of General Services (OGS)

NYS OGS’s Bureau of State Asset Utilization regulates and issues permits, grants, easements, licenses, and other interests for activities affecting State-owned uplands or lands under or formerly under the waters of New York State in accordance with the following:14 Lands Underwater: (1) Administration of the Public Lands Law for acquisition and disposition of lands, grants of easement, leases, or permits with regards to the use of lands state waters for docks and related structures, grants of land and grants of easement of land underwater for underwater cables, conduits, pipelines, & hydroelectric power, issuance of licenses for removal of materials from lands under water, and oil & gas leases for exploration and development; (2) Administration of Article 5, Section 233, Subsection 5, of the Education Law on removal of archaeological and paleontological objects under the waters of the State; and (3) Administration of Article 3, Section 32, of the Navigation Law, regarding location of structures in or on navigable waters.

Other State Lands: (1) Administration of Article 4 8, Public Buildings Law, regarding the protection and management of State historic and cultural properties and State uses of buildings of historic, architectural or cultural significance; (2) Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition; and (3) Section 334 of the State Real Estate Law, regarding subdivision of waterfront properties on navigable waters to include the location of riparian lines.

Thomas LaLiberte, Jr., DirectorNYS Office of General ServicesBureau of State Asset Utilization39th Floor Corning TowerEmpire State PlazaAlbany, NY 12242(518) 474-2195

New York State Office of Historic Preservation (SHPO)

The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) regulates the modification and use of properties and structures listed on both the National and the NYS Register of Historic Places. A SHPO review and permit is required for any proposed construction on the site of, or directly to a building that has been listed on either register.

NYS Division for Historic PreservationPeebles Island State ParkPO Box 189Waterford, NY 12188-0189(518) 237-8643

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Jurisdiction in Fresh Waters Diagram15




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Citations1. This table was generated using information from the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law adopted November 19, 2013 for just the zoning districts that are located within the Village of Union Springs LWRP Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA), which does not include any lands zoned Rural Residential in the village.2. This table was generated using information from the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law adopted November 19, 2013 for just the zoning districts that are located within the Village of Union Springs LWRP Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA), which does not include any lands zoned Rural Residential in the village.3. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Program, Understanding the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Regulatory Program- FAQ brochure. http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Missions/Regulatory/Regulatory-Program/Corps-Regulatory-Program/4. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Endangered Species Act of 1973. https://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/ESAall.pdf5. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Migratory Bird Treaty Act. https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/laws-legislations/migratory-bird-treaty-act.php6. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. https://www.fws.gov/birds/policies-and-regulations/laws-legislations/bald-and-golden-eagle-protection-act.php7. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service New York Field Office. https://www.fws.gov/northeast/nyfo/8. New York State Department of State. http://www.dos.ny.gov/about/aboutus.html9. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation: Permit, License, Registration. http://www.dec.ny.gov/63.html10. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation: waterways, coastlines & wetlands permits. http://www.dec.ny.gov/permits/96314.html11. New York State Department of Health: Annual Report 2015. https://www.health.ny.gov/press/reports/docs/2015_annual_report.pdf12. New York Codes, Rules and Regulations, Title 10 (Health). http://w3.health.state.ny.us/dbspace/NYCRR10.nsf/Full+Directory?OpenView13. New York State Department of Transportation, Region 3. https://www.dot.ny.gov/regional-offices/region3/contacts14. New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation: Floating Object Permits. https://parks.ny.gov/recreation/boating/resources.aspx15. New York State Office of General Services, Rules and Regulations. http://www.ogs.state.ny.us/About/Regs/Statutes.asp16. Army corps jurisdictional images: http://www.usace.army.mil/Portals/2/docs/civilworks/regulatory/juris_imagesv2.pdf


B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

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CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

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N ST

TROYS MARINA

KOZY KOVE RD

OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

CHASE AVE

MENZ

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HIBISCUS HARBOR LN

MADISON AVE

BACK

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ROUTE 90

CAYU

GA S

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MCDONALDS POINT RD

CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

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GREEN ST

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FACTORY ST

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UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

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McDonaldsPoint

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Map 4

Zoning

Source: Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016. County Geographic Information System (GIS) database.

Commercial

Park

Residential

Lakeside Residential

Neighborhood Commercial

Historic Business District

Waterfront Commercial

Agricultural / Residential

Village of Union Springs Zoning

Rural Residential






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2.7 LAND USE PATTERNSCurrent land use patterns in the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) were summarized by utilizing the Cayuga County GIS database to analyze parcel data from the Cayuga County Office of Real Property Services. The property class codes and descriptions used by the local assessor and county Office of Real Property Services are set by the New York State Office of Real Property Services in their Assessor’s Manual.

The distribution of land use by property classification code (as assigned by the local assessor) is represented in Table 27 below; and graphically depicted in Maps 5 & 6- Existing Land Uses. Active land uses in the WRA are dominated in the number of parcels by residential uses, but in terms of acreage used, agricultural use is by far the predominant land use (45.8% of the total land area in the WRA).

Table 27: Union Springs 2018 Land Use Distribution by Property Class Code

Property Class Description Parcel Count (%) Acreage (%)100 Agriculture 2 (1.1%) 202.40 (45.8%)200 Residential 103 (58.2%) 74.69 (16.9%)300 Vacant Land 26 (14.7%) 52.61 (11.9%)400 Commercial 33 (18.6%) 18.82 (4.3%)500 Recreation & Entertainment 2 (1.1%) 17.50 (3.9%)600 Community Services 7 (4.0%) 58.46 (13.2%)700 Industrial 1 (0.6%) 12.20 (2.8%)800 Public Services 2 (1.1%) 4.16 (0.9%)900 Wild, Forested, Conservation Lands & Public Parks 1 (0.6%) 1.00 (0.3%)

Total Parcels 177 441.84Source: Cayuga County RPS Data, 2018

For active land uses, residential properties account for 16.9% of the land area in the WRA, followed by Community Services (13.2%), Commercial (4.3%), and Recreation & Entertainment (3.9%). While there are significantly more commercial parcels located in the WRA, at 33 compared to only 9 for recreation & entertainment and community services combined, these parcels are concentrated in the Historic Business District in downtown Union Springs and occupy parcels that are mere fractions of an acre.

As seen in Table 27, inactive or passive land uses such as vacant land and wild, forested, conservation lands & public parks occupy a significant portion of the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area, at 12.1% of the total land area; however, a very small percentage of these lands are actually publicly owned by the Village of Union Springs (the 8.64 acres of and around North Pond and the 1.00 acre of Frontenac Island). The village offices and public park (Frontenac Park) are located together on a single 11.90 acre parcel which is classified as a recreational facility under the community services category. The majority of the vacant land in the WRA is classified as residential vacant land and is located in close proximity to the lakeshore as indicated in Map 5- Existing Land Uses. Some of these areas, particularly those with significant lake frontage, may be prime areas for future conservation efforts.

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Agricultural LandsThe two agricultural parcels in the WRA are classified as either productive vacant agricultural land or field crops. These fields produce cash crops such as corn, soybeans, hay, and other grains that are either harvested and sold on the open market, or are used to support local livestock and dairy farms elsewhere in the county. The agricultural soil quality in the WRA is quite high. In fact, 83% of the soils on these two active agricultural parcels are classified as either USDA Prime Agricultural Soils or NYS Soils of Statewide Significance (see Map 7).

Neither of the two agricultural parcels in the WRA are in the Cayuga County Agricultural District. The county’s agricultural district provides protection for farmland from nuisance lawsuits and unreasonable land use restrictions through the NYS Right-to-Farm Law administered through the NYS Department of Agriculture & Markets (NYSDAM). As provided in a summary from NYSDAM “The New York State Constitution directs the Legislature to provide for the protection of agricultural lands. The Agricultural Districts Law fulfills this constitutional mandate, in part, by providing a locally initiated mechanism for the protection and enhancement of farm lands as both a viable segment of the local and State economies, and as an economic and environmental resource of major importance. Several benefits accrue to farm operations conducted within certified agricultural districts. Chief among these include:

• The obligation of State agencies, as a matter of policy, to encourage the maintenance of viable farming in agricultural districts;

• Limitations on the exercise of eminent domain and other public acquisitions, and the advance of public funds for certain construction activities;

• Limitations on the siting of solid waste management facilities on land dedicated to agricultural production;• Limitations on the power to impose benefit assessments, special ad valorem levies, or other rates or fees in certain

improvement districts or benefit areas;• Requirements that direct local governments to realize the intent of the Agricultural Districts Law and to avoid

unreasonable restrictions in the regulation of farm operations when exercising their powers to enact and administer comprehensive plans, local laws, ordinances, rules and/or regulations; and

• Requirements that applications for certain planning and zoning actions impacting a designated farm operation within an agricultural district, or on lands within five hundred feet of such farm operation within an agricultural district, include an agricultural data statement designed to allow the review agency to evaluate any possible impacts of the proposed action on farm operations.”1

The Cayuga Agriculture & Farmland Protection Board with assistance from the county’s Department of Planning & Economic Development administers the county’s agricultural district locally. The board and department are also responsible for district maintenance and conduct annual inclusions of property into the district, as requested by landowners, and a comprehensive review of the district every eight years.

The presence of this agricultural land adjacent to Cayuga Lake provides buffer areas to the lake and to tributaries; while also drawing tourists to the area to enjoy the scenic open views of the lakeshore that this land helps to provide.

Citations1. NYS Department of Agriculture & Markets webpage on Agricultural Districts, Agricultural Districts Law: A Current Summary. Available at: https://www.agriculture.ny.gov/ap/agservices/dis8/Summary-AgrDistrict-Law.pdf

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B?90

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CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

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N ST

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CAYU

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CHAPEL ST

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Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

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Map 5

Existing Land Use

Land use data source: Assessor's property class codes, Cayuga County Real Property Services (RPS) database. Accessed October, 2017.

Community Services (cemeteries,churches, schools, libraries, governmentoffices, etc.)

Public Services (public utilities, municipalgarages, etc.)

Residential

Vacant Land

Commercial

Recreation & Entertainment

Industrial

Wild, Forested, Conservation Land &Public Parks

Agricultural


CAY

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A ST

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FACTORY ST

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SEMINARY ST

MADISON AVE

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LN


Development

Map prepared by:



0 50 100 150 200Feet

Map 6

Existing Land Use

Land use data source: Assessor's property class codes, Cayuga County Real Property Services (RPS) database. Accessed October, 2017.

Community Services (cemeteries,churches, schools, libraries, governmentoffices, etc.)Public Services (public utilities, municipalgarages, etc.)

Residential

Vacant Land

Commercial

Recreation & Entertainment

Waterfront Revitalization Area BoundaryHarbor Management Plan Area Boundary

Downtown Union Springs


B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

BACK

US R

D

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

DILDINE RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

CROSS RD

BURCHMAN DR

EVER

GREE

N ST

QUAR

RY R

D

TROYS MARINA

KOZY KOVE RD

OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

CHASE AVE

MENZ

IE LN

HIBISCUS HARBOR LN

MADISON AVE

BACKUS RD

ROUTE 90

CAYU

GA S

T

MCDONALDS POINT RD

CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

CREAMERY RD

HOWLAND STBA

CKUS

RD

SPRINGPORT COVE RD

SALEM ST

GREEN ST

BASIN ST

FACTORY ST

PARK ST

FOUN

DRY

ST

SEITHER LOOP

SEMINARY ST


Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 7

Agricultural Soils

Land use data source: Assessor's property class codes, Cayuga CountyReal Property Services (RPS) database. Accessed October, 2017.

USDA Prime Soils

NYS Soils of Statewide Significance

Soils which are neither Prime or of StatewideSignificance

Agricultural Parcels






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2.8 LAND OWNERSHIPThere are three major categories of land ownership within the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area: municipal lands, not-for-profit lands, and private lands.

Municipal LandsThe Village of Union Springs is the only municipal land owner within the WRA; and owns seven parcels that total 27.13 acres (6.1% of the total land area in the WRA). The largest of these seven parcels (11.90 acres) is located on the lakeshore and is home to Frontenac Park, South Pond, the public boat launch, and the village offices. This parcel along with the 1.00 acre Frontenac Island (located approximately 2,500 feet from the shoreline) are the primary public park lands in the village. The next largest parcel (8.64 acres) owned by the village, which is actually mostly water, is enjoyed regularly by the public. This parcel is the historic North Pond site, often referred to as Mill Pond, created in 1789 by damming underground springs that surfaced in the area. North Pond is located at the corner of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) and Howland Street and was used for several different mill operations, the last of which was for the Spring Mills operation established in 1860. South Pond in Frontenac Park was also created by damming underground springs and used to serve local industries in the late 1800s. Both North Pond and South Pond are still considered to be dams by the NYS DEC, and as such fall under their regulations for maintenance, permitting, use, etc.

Another piece of village owned properties adjacent to the lakeshore is the village’s sewer treatment plant which is situated between “North Pond” and Frontenac Park (4.10 acres). In July 2018, the Village acquired one last lakefront property adjacent to Frontenac Park which will eventually be restored and redeveloped to be included into Frontenac Park for public use (see Section 4 for details). This historic RotoSalt property sits at the intersection of Factory St. and Foundry St. and is the only parcel between Frontenac Harbor Marina and Frontenac Park. Despite its small size of only 1 acre, this property has a huge impact on the water quality and community’s access to and enjoyment of Cayuga Lake.

The final two parcels owned by the Village of Union Springs in the WRA are quite small. The largest (0.44 acres) is a public parking lot adjacent to the Trinity United Church of Christ with access on Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90); and the final parcel (0.05 acres) is a vacant undeveloped land locked lot behind a series of row buildings in the Historic Business District between Factory Street and Basin Street.

Not-For-Profit LandsThere are a total of seven parcels in the WRA owned by not-for-profit organizations occupying 46.61 acres. Of these organizations, the largest land owner is the Union Springs Central School District which serves children in grades Pre-K through 12 on one 30.20 acre parcel adjacent to the fire station on Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90).

The remaining not-for-profit acreage is owned by two churches, the fire station, the local library, the United States Postal Service, and a local chapter of a benevolent organization (Salem Lodge).

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Private LandsThere are a total of 163 parcels and 368 acres (92% and 83% of the total respectfully) that are held in private ownership in the WRA (not counting municipal or not-for-profit lands). As mentioned in the previous section, Land Use Patterns, the vast majority of this land is being used for agriculture and residential use; however, as indicated on Map 5- Existing Land Uses, there is a significant portion of this land that is currently classified as vacant.

Native American LandsThe Cayuga Nation of New York is the owner of a significant number of acres of land within the WRA. They own six parcels and a total of 122.65 acres (27.8% of the total land area in the WRA). Within the village, the Cayuga Nation owns and operates a car wash, a gas station, and a bingo hall; as well as a small residential parcel with waterfront access, a vacant residential property with waterfront access (10.90 acres), and a large vacant agricultural parcel (108.00 acres) that is situated behind their commercial properties between the fire station, school district, and several waterfront residential properties along Hibiscus Harbor. Currently none of the lands that the Cayuga Nation owns are located in a federally recognized reservation. These parcels are subject to the same enforcement of local laws and regulations by village as all other parcels within the municipality’s jurisdiction.

Map 8 shows the location of the land ownership types and parcels described in this section.

Land UnderwaterAccording to the NYS Office of General Services (OGS) there are two areas of land under the waters of Cayuga Lake in the Village of Union Springs that have been conveyed by the state through a land grant. The land under the water in the marina of Frontenac Harbor Marina (formerly Castelli’s Marina) was granted by the state to the owner of Castelli’s Marina in 1969, and this land grant has continued with the property and the new owners. The Village of Union Springs was granted the land which was filled by the Finger Lakes Railroad and is now part of Frontenac Park in 1996, however; this land grant was made and accepted by the village with the condition that the land shall be improved and maintained for park and recreation purposes only (see maps and conveyance document in Appendix E).

The Hibiscus Harbor marina, a portion of which is located in the Village of Union Springs, is operating under license to the NYS Office of General Services for their dock structures which is an authorization for the use of State-land and not a conveyance of a property interest like an easement or grant.

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B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

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GROVE ST

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SPRING ST

HOMER ST

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NUMBER 1 RD

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SOUTH DR

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ANTHONY ST

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Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 8

Land Ownership

Land ownership data source: Cayuga County Real Property Services(RPS) database. Accessed October, 2017.

Native American Lands

Not-For-Profit-Lands

Private Lands

Protected Lands

Municipal Lands

Waterfront Revitalization Area BoundaryHarbor Management Plan Area BoundaryMunicipal Boundaries




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2.9 WATER USESAs is to be expected, the use of the waters of Cayuga Lake are varied, but primarily dominated by private residential access and use. Historically, as part of the Cayuga-Seneca Canal “leg” of the Erie Canal, there was an abundance of commercial and recreational boat traffic on the lake. However, as industry evolved and the Finger Lakes Rail Road (later CSX) built rail connections along the lakeshore, commercial boat traffic slowed to a crawl and nearly a halt altogether. Today, the lake is primarily used by recreational boaters (power, sail, paddle, and Jet Ski alike) who enjoy fishing, swimming, and just trolling around the lake. Like many of the lakefront communities in Central New York, there is a significant number of private residential homes, both year-round and seasonal, along the waterfront in the Village of Union Springs; with nearly as many boat docks as there are homes.

Boating, Docking, and NavigationThe location and permitting of private and commercial docks, marinas, moorings, and other in-water structures in waters of Cayuga Lake in village have thus far been regulated solely by the NYS DEC. However, NYS Navigation Law1 grants the legal authority to the village to regulate certain water uses pertaining to the operation of vessels and personal watercraft in the lake. Areas of regulation include speed, anchoring/mooring locations (including overnight and length of stay for vessels used as living quarters), and the removal of garbage and sewage disposal from the vessel.

Surface Use IssuesCayuga Lake surface water issues in the Village of Union Springs are primarily related to the conflicting interests between residential property owners and recreational boating and fishing uses; which results in complaints about excessive boat noise, speed, and night-time light glare. There have also been some instances of individuals fishing or hunting (fish and/or waterfowl) too close to private docks and the shoreline. Most of these instances are minor and do not result in the need for police enforcement. The most common complaint is from property owners and residents about the high speed of some motor boats and personal watercraft (Jet Skis) and the large wakes that they create close to shore, especially near swimming areas, both private and public. There is no village police department, so complaints are handled by the County Sheriff’s Department or the NYS Police.

Potential boating conflicts near Frontenac Island2

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Swimming area at Frontenac Park4

Water QualityWhile village utilizes inland spring-fed wells in the village for public water, Cayuga Lake is used as a source of drinking water for several communities at both the northern and southern end of the lake; and overall has been classified as suitable for drinking water. However, in 2015 the NYS DEC did classify some sections of the lake as having a “threatened” quality of water for use as a public drinking water supply and for bathing; and as such passed regulations making all of Cayuga Lake a “No Discharge Zone” for marine waste (sewage). This determination was made in an effort to reduce the amount of phosphorus entering the lake that has helped to increase the weed growth and spread of aquatic invasive species in the lake. The NYS DEC, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, and Cayuga County government have been working diligently to educate boaters in the area about aquatic invasive species and the steps that they can take to reduce the spread of these plants. Like so many waterbodies in the Finger Lakes, the proliferation of aquatic weeds in Cayuga Lake has created areas near the shoreline that have become “clogged” with weeds; and in some locations has prevented boaters and swimmers alike from being able to enjoy the water without being tangled in large weed beds. The Cayuga County, Seneca County, and Tompkins County Soil & Water Conservation Districts continue to work to harvest as much of this plant material as they can in their respective areas of the lake, but it is a time consuming and expensive program to maintain in a time when budgets are subject to severe cutbacks. While the large areas of weeds can pose problems for power boats and tangle their propellers, the weeds and grasses provide habitats for several species of fish and are often the target of experienced fishermen. A coordinated effort is needed between state, county, and local agencies to reduce and control the spread of aquatic invasive species; while also maintaining an appropriate level of native vegetation for fish and wildlife.

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) In recent years, harmful algal blooms (HABs), also referred to as blue-green algae or cyanobacteria, have been appearing primarily during the late summer months in some areas of Cayuga Lake including near Frontenac Park. According to the NYS DEC, “HABs usually occur in nutrient-rich waters, particularly during hot, calm weather.”3 These blooms can result in toxins produced by the algae that can be harmful to humans and animals if they come in contact with the algae or the water during or immediately after the bloom has subsided. The Cayuga County Health Department has been working with municipalities and the public to identify HABs and to immediately respond by closing public beaches and deploying staff to take samples of the water for testing. The beaches and swimming areas are reopened only after testing of samples reveals that the toxins are no longer present. In 2017, the occurrences of HABs near Frontenac Park were numerous enough to close the beach in the park for most of the summer. In addition to recreational use of the water and health concerns from direct skin contact with HABs, communities that draw water directly from a water body affected by HABs are concerned about the toxins appearing in drinking water. Communities across the Finger Lakes region are working with NYS to identify ways to mitigate and hopefully prevent the occurrences of HABs in the future.

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Hazard buoys around the eastern side of Frontenac Island5

Close-up view of one of the hazard buoys around the eastern side of Frontenac Island6

In-Water Structures/Navigation AidesCayuga Lake is still actively a part of the Cayuga-Seneca Canal portion of the Erie Canal System and as such, the NYS Canal Corporation maintains a lock (#CS-1, aka Mud Lock) at the northern end of the lake in the Town of Aurelius (directly north of the Village of Union Springs); and they also maintain a series of navigational buoys along the central navigational channel in the lake. Table 28 lists the official number, location, and type of buoys present adjacent to the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area. In addition to the NYS Canal System red and green buoys, there are several small white cautionary buoys (see below for an example) located around Frontenac Island and along the shoreline that mark shallow areas of the lake. The areas between these white navigational markers and the shoreline have a water depth of approximately 5 feet or less.

In addition to these NYS maintained navigational markers, the village also deploys a red floating rope around their swimming area to keep boats out of the designated swimming area during the summer months when the beach is open and life guards are on duty.

NYS Canal Corp Buoy #50 (starboard side) located north of Union Springs7

NYS Canal Corp Buoy #51 (port side) located north of Union Springs8

NYS Canal Corp Buoy #51A (port side) located south of Union Springs9




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Figure 1: Navigation Aids & Channel Depths, uses Navigational Chart 14791 produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in June of 201612 as base information with the Village of Union Springs WRA drawn over the top to illustrate the location of various navigational aids in Cayuga Lake including buoys and private beacon lights; as well as the depth of the water in the lake. The sounding measurements on the NOAA chart (water depth in feet) for the NYS Canal System is measured from a plane of reference known as the normal pool level. The depths indicated on the map can fluctuate with the overall lake level which is controlled through Lock #CS-1 at the northern end of the lake in the Town of Aurelius by the NYS DEC, which oversees this location of the lock system for the NYS Canal Corporation.

The only known underwater structure in the lake in the WRA is the village’s wastewater treatment plant discharge pipe which extends approximately 500 feet from the shoreline into the lake at the north-western edge of Frontenac Park adjacent to the canal for North Pond. The location of the end of the pipe is not marked by a buoy, however; it is located far enough under the surface of the water that boats pass over it safely.

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One of the two marinas in the WRA use small red and green buoys to mark the preferred and safe channel for boats to use when entering or leaving the marina (Hibiscus Harbor). Unlike the large buoys deployed by the State, these small buoys at the marina do not have beacon lights on them, but both marinas do have lights on land to help guide boats into the marina channels at night. There are no known moorings, public or private, in the WRA.

Channel buoys used at the entrance to Hibiscus Harbor Marina11

[emphasis added to aid in buoy identification in the photograph]

Table 28: Navigational Buoys in the Vicinity of the WRA10

Location in the Lake (mi.) Buoy Number Buoy Color Side of Channel

(going upstream) Light Channel Width Latitude/ Longitude

9.07 #51 Green Port Flashing Green 400 42.87613, -76.72304

9.08 #50 Red Starboard Flashing Red 400 42.87593, -76.72592

13.36 #51A Green Port Flashing Green 400 42.81497, -76.71998




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Figure 1: Navigation Aids & Channel Depths

63

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Frontenac Harbor14

Public and Private Boat DocksAs previously mentioned, the predominant uses of Cayuga Lake within the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) are related to private recreational uses. Table 29 below illustrates the distribution of private and public boat docks in relation to the major points and coves located along the lakeshore in the area (see Map 9- Water Uses). Of the 177 parcels located in the WRA, 50 are considered lakefront properties which either currently have, or could have, direct access to the lake including Frontenac Park, Frontenac Island, the RotoSalt property, and both marinas. If you remove those five parcels from the equation, there is nearly a 1 to 1 ratio of private docks to private properties along the waterfront (43 of 45 waterfront properties have docks.

Table 29: Boat Docks Located in the WRA

Area in WRA # of Private Docks* # of Public Docks*

Hibiscus Harbor Marina n/a n/aSpringport Cove to McDonalds Point 21 n/aFrontenac Park n/a 3Frontenac Harbor Marina n/a 5South of Frontenac Harbor Marina 22 n/a

Total: 43 8*Physical dock structures in the water, not representative of the total possible number of boats that could be docked there.

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Private boat docks in Springport Cove13




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In addition to motor and sail boats, the use of paddle-craft vessels such as canoes, kayaks, etc. has become increasingly popular in the Finger Lakes area, especially on Cayuga Lake. So much so, that the Planning Departments from Cayuga County, Seneca County, and Tompkins County partnered on a project beginning in 2012 to develop a plan and establish the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail, a paddle-craft trail around the entire circumference of Cayuga Lake. The trail as it exists today has 14 public canoe/kayak launch sites located around the lake with a plan to add more as soon as partnership agreements can be made with private land owners. Frontenac Park in the Village of Union Springs was selected and highlighted in the plan as one of three key anchor sites on the trail; and the plan included specific recommendations for improvements to the park to serve paddle-craft users. Figure 2, the site conditions and improvements table from the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail Plan, lists the existing amenities and suggested improvements of 4 locations in the Village of Union Springs WRA for paddle-craft access and use.

In the years since the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail project was initiated, the demand for improved access and especially a local paddle-craft rentals has risen dramatically in the village. In July of 2016, in response to the increasing demand, the Village of Union Springs executed an agreement with Owasco Paddles to use a portion of Frontenac Park on the north side of the village offices as a satellite location for their paddle-craft rental business. No improvements were made to the shoreline of the park for paddle-craft access; however, the village plans to create a permanent and improved location for canoes, kayaks, and other paddle-craft to launch in to the lake.

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Heavy Boat Traffic Areas & Reduced Speed ZonesAs to be expected, the heaviest boat traffic areas in the Village of Union Springs WRA are located near the marinas and public boat launch at Frontenac Park; and around Frontenac Island. Summertime boat activity also increases around the more populated areas along the shoreline, which again is to be expected given the large number of private residential boat docks located in the area (see Table 30).

Heavy boat traffic at the village boat launch at Frontenac Park after the Bassmaster Elite Fishing Tournament’s events were concluded for the day from private boat owners, not professional anglers16

Within the waters of Cayuga Lake under jurisdiction of the Village of Union Springs, there are currently no speed restrictions for boats other than those already imposed by New York State. Despite being part of the NYS Canal System, there are currently no speed limit regulations on the portion of Cayuga Lake in the WRA except when boats are traveling within 100 feet of certain fixed objects (in an effort to reduce wakes). The statewide boat speed restriction is currently 5mph when traveling within 100 feet of a shoreline, dock, pier, marked swimming area, anchored swim platform, anchored boat, or raft/float. When approaching the lock at the northern end of the lake (from the Finger Lakes Railroad bridge north) the speed limit for boats is 5 miles per hour (see Map 23 in Appendix F for the location of this no-wake and 5mph zone).17

There are two existing commercial marinas in the WRA and only one public launching facility, located at Frontenac Park. It is important to note that the landside boat launch location in Hibiscus Harbor Marina is located in the WRA, however, the waterside access area is not, as it is located in the Town of Springport. Table 30 below illustrates the types of amenities that are currently provided at each of these three locations.

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Table 30: Amenities at Marinas Located in the WRA

Amenity Hibiscus Harbor* Frontenac Park Frontenac Harbor

Vessel Accommodations (Max. Length) 65 ft. 42 ft.

Approach / Dockside Depth 6.0 / 8.0 ft. 6.0 / 5.0 ft.Seasonal Slips (rentals) 200 150Transient Slips 50 8Boat Sales XBoat Rental XADA Accessible Docks and Facilities XFuel Dock- Diesel X XFuel Dock- Gasoline X XMarine (Boat) Sewage Pump-out Facility X XAquatic Weed Disposal Station XBoat Washing Station X**Public Water Hook-ups X XElectrical Hook-ups X XWi-Fi XPay Telephone XShowers X XRestroom Facilities X X XPicnic Areas X XPlayground XSecurity Cameras/Surveillance X X XShips Store (convenience goods) X XBoat Hoist 35 Ton 25 TonIndoor Heated Winter Boat Storage X XOutdoor On-Land Boat Storage X XMaintenance: Parts & Service X XWebsite X18 X19 X20

*Information provided is for the entire marina, not just the portion located in the WRA.**Installation planned for 2019.




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Swimming, Fishing, and Other Recreational UsesThe water in Cayuga Lake is typically clear and of a moderate temperature, which helps to make swimming a popular summertime activity. However, Frontenac Park is the only location in this community that has been designated for public swimming. Elsewhere, swimmers stay close to shore and private residential docks or a private seasonal floating swim platform. Table 31 below illustrates the distribution of private and public swimming platforms in the WRA. While there are two state parks relatively close by, Long Point State Park to the south in the Town of Ledyard and Cayuga Lake State Park to the west across the lake, there is an opportunity for improved public swimming areas in village, especially in response to recent occurrences of harmful algal blooms near the swimming area at Frontenac Park.

Table 31: Swimming Platforms in the WRA

Area in WRA # of Public Swim Platforms # of Private Swim PlatformsHibiscus Harbor Marina 0 0Springport Cove to McDonalds Point 0 0Frontenac Park 2 0Frontenac Harbor Marina 0 0South of Frontenac Harbor Marina 0 1

Total: 2 1

The high quality fishing environment of Cayuga Lake is known to locals and tourists, but has been thrust into the national spotlight in recent years by professional anglers participating in the Bassmaster Elite Series, which has held a four day long summer tournament on the lake twice in the past decade. The 2014 and 2016 tournaments have been officially launched and stationed at Frontenac Park in the Village of Union Springs. The Series is planning to return to Union Springs in June 2019. During the 2016 tournament, held from June 23rd to 26th, the anglers broke records daily for the total weight of the bass that they had caught. Greg Vinson, a professional angler in the Bassmaster Elite Series, had this to say about his time on Cayuga Lake: “Cayuga Lake is a good fishery, but it’s also a place where good people live”21. In his blog post “That Cayuga Hospitality” Greg spoke about the residents and spectators around the lake and their generosity in allowing him to fish near their docks and property, while also pointing out areas that he might find some big fish.

According to NYS DEC22 Cayuga Lake offers a diverse fishery for both cold-water and warm-water species including lake trout, rainbow trout, landlocked salmon, brown trout, northern pike, chain pickerel, largemouth and smallmouth bass, crappies, bluegill, pumpkinseed, yellow perch, bullheads, carp, channel catfish and longnose gar. The NYS DEC stocks Cayuga Lake with approximately 60,000 lake trout, 25,000 brown trout, and 40,000 landlocked salmon annually.

Due to its depth, 400 feet or more in some locations, Cayuga Lake rarely experiences complete ice coverage and most locations are often too thin for even birds to stand on, however; the northern end of the lake, where the water is shallower, does freeze over nearly every year and becomes a very popular location for ice fishing. Some areas along the shoreline in Union Springs are suitable for ice fishing as well, weather permitting.

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Another very popular activity on and along the waters of Cayuga Lake in the village is birding. Cayuga Lake is in the direct migratory path for several species of birds all of which can be observed enjoying their brief stopover on the lake during the winter, and in the spring. The lake is also directly connected to the Montezuma National Wildlife refuge via Lock #CS-1 and the Seneca River at the northern end which provides excellent spring-summer breeding areas for a large number of different species. North Pond and South Pond in the village also provide unique habitats and opportunities for local birding groups to observe a variety of seasonal species. Due to the temperate climate of the ponds, which were built over natural springs, with a winter water temperature of around 45 degrees, many species of nesting and migratory birds will spend their winter on the pond as seen in the photograph below. See Section 2.12 for more details on the types of wildlife species, including migratory birds that can be found in and around Union Springs.

Winter on Mill Pond (North Pond)23

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Citations1. NYS Navigation Law, Chapter 37, Article 4, Part 1, Section 46-a,(2) available at: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/NAV/46-A2. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from shore at Frontenac Park, August 24, 2016.3. NYS Department of Environmental Conservation webpage on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Available at: http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/77118.html4. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from shore at Frontenac Park, August 24, 2016. 5. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from shore at Frontenac Park, August 24, 2016.6. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from shore at Frontenac Park, August 24, 2016.7. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.

8. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.9. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.10. Navigation Info: Cayuga-Seneca Canal to Cayuga Lake. NYS Canal Corporation. Available at http://www.canals.ny.gov/navinfo/navinfo.cgi?waterway=cayugalake Last updated: April 18, 2016. Accessed: August 4, 2016. 11. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.12. Nautical Chart 14791, Edition 19, June 2016. New York State Canal System, Cayuga and Seneca Lakes. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Available at https://historicalcharts.noaa.gov/ Accessed: August 9, 2016.13. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.14. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from a private boat on Cayuga Lake, September 25, 2016.15. Existing Site Conditions and Proposed Improvements for Paddle Craft Access table (sheet 1 of 2) from the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail Plan, Implementation Plan, Page 66. Alta Planning & Design, prepared for the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail Plan Committee representing Cayuga, Seneca, and Tompkins Counties, with funding from the New York State Department of State under Title 11 of the Environmental Protection Fund. Note: the blue highlighting was added by the author of this LWRP Plan to call attention to the proposed implements to areas within the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area.16. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from the boat launch at Frontenac Park, June 25, 2016.17. New York State Navigation Law, Article 4, Part 1, Section 45.18. Hibiscus Harbor Marina: http://www.tradeayacht.com/central-new-york-marinas/19. Frontenac Park: http://unionspringsny.com/park/boat-launch/20. Frontenac Harbor: http://www.frontenacharbor.com/21. Greg Vinson. July 4, 2016 blog post “That Cayuga Hospitality”. Bassmaster website: https://www.bassmaster.com/greg-vinson/cayuga-hospitality Accessed: August 22, 2016.22. NYS DEC, Outdoor Activities, Fishing, Places to Fish, Finger Lakes Fishing, Cayuga Lake webpage: http://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/36544.html Accessed: August 22, 2016.23. Photograph taken by Jodi Mekeel.


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CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

QUAR

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D

BURCHMAN DR

EVER

GREE

N ST

TROYS MARINA

KOZY KOVE RD

OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

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HIBISCUS HARBOR LN

MADISON AVE

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US R

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CAYU

GA S

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MCDONALDS POINT RD

CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

CREAMERY RD

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SPRINGPORT COVE RD

SALEM ST

GREEN ST

BASIN ST

FACTORY ST

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DRY

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Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 9

Water Uses


Imagery source: NYS Statewide Digital Orthoimagery Program. 2015. Water Uses Source: Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016.

Public Uses

Village of Union Springs Boat Docks(approximate end of dock in water)

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Frontenac Harbor Marina!!!

Village of Union Springs Public Boat Launch!!!

Village of Union Springs Public Swimming Dock"

Hibiscus Harbor Marina!!!

Private Uses

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2.10 INFRASTRUCTUREThis section will provide an overview of the existing public infrastructure systems in use throughout the WRA including areas for improvement.

Transportation InfrastructureThe majority of residents in the Village of Union Springs commute to work via NYS Route 90 and NYS Route 326. NYS Route 90, part of the Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway, occupies approx. 2 miles of roadway in the Village of Union Springs. This highway travels parallel to the lakeshore through the heart of the village, where it is called Cayuga Street. This major north-south route along the eastern side of Cayuga Lake connects commuters and tourists from NYS Routes 5 & 20 (off of the NYS Thruway in the Town of Tyre, Seneca County) at the northern end of the lake with NYS Routes 34B & 34 to the south in the Town of Lansing.

NYS Route 326 is an east-west route which connects NYS Route 90 at the northern boundary of the village to Genesee Street Road in the Town of Aurelius; and from there to either NYS Routes 5 & 20 or into downtown Auburn. While NYS Route 326 is not in the Village of Union Springs WRA, it is important to recognize this highway as a source of commuter and tourist traffic both into and out of the WRA.

Highway Traffic VolumeTable 32 below illustrates just how heavily traveled the section of NYS Route 90 in the village is compared to segments to the north and south in the Village of Cayuga and Village of Aurora respectfully; as well a comparison to a similar length segment of NYS Route 89 on the western side of Cayuga Lake. Additionally, NYS Route 326 from the intersection with NYS Route 90 in the village east to Genesee Street Road in the Town of Aurelius had an annual average daily traffic count of 3,645; which more than covers the traffic counts on NYS Route 90 in Union Springs; and is indicative of additional commuter traffic other than that of local residents traveling to and from work.

Table 32: Annual Average Daily Traffic Counts in and around the WRA

NYS Route 90 NYS Route 89Segment Starting

PointSegment Ending

Point AADT1 Segment Starting Point

Segment Ending Point AADT

NYS Rt. 20 @ NYS Rt. 90

Aurelius

NYS Rt. 90 @ Genesee Street Rd.

Village of Cayuga2,438

NYS Rt. 89 @ E. Bayard St. Ext.

Seneca Falls

NYS Rt. 89 @ County Rd 138

Ovid1,739

NYS Rt. 90 @ Genesee Street Rd.

Village of Cayuga

NYS Rt. 90 @ NYS Rt. 326 Village of

Union Springs2,573

NYS Rt. 90 @ NYS Rt. 326 Village of

Union Springs

NYS Rt. 90 @ Poplar Ridge Rd. Village of Aurora

2,369

NYS Rt. 90 @ Poplar Ridge Rd. Village

of Aurora

NYS Rt. 90 @ NYS Rt. 34B King Ferry

1,457

Average Total 2,209 Average Total 1,739

Note: The segment above on NYS Rt. 89 covers the same relative distance as all four segments of NYS Rt. 90 shown here.

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SidewalksDowntown Union Springs is fairly walkable and accessible through the existing sidewalk system. Sidewalks are present on both sides of Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) and on at least one side (typically the north side) of most side streets. However, the current sidewalk infrastructure does not extend down to the waterfront on any street in the village, including for Frontenac Park where the sidewalk along Chapel Street ends at Creamery Road. In addition to the need for more sidewalks on the side streets, nearly all segments of sidewalk located in downtown Union Springs are in various states of disrepair and need to be replaced. There are only five (5) marked crosswalks in the village (three are across Cayuga Street and two are for the school’s driveways).

Local and County RoadsThe remainder of the roads in the WRA are either private roads, local roads maintained by the village, or small segments of Cayuga County maintained roads. For instance, in the Village of Union Springs WRA there are 3 miles of local roads which serve the downtown area and waterfront properties equally; and one 276 linear foot section of Center Street in downtown (beginning at the intersection of Cayuga Street) that is maintained by the County. See Table 33 below for more detail and Map 10.

Table 33: Local & County Roads in the WRA2

Road Name* Road Type Linear Feet JurisdictionBackus Road Local Road 1,031.75 Union Springs

Springport Cove Road Local Road 2,012.76 PrivateMcDonalds Point Road Local Road 4,467.62 Private

Fox Lane Local Road 942.47 PrivateHowland Street Local Road 1,107.54 Union SpringsGreen Street Local Road 738.83 Union SpringsSalem Street Local Road 734.95 Union Springs

Creamery Road Local Road 1,217.49 Union SpringsChapel Street Local Road 1,195.65 Union Springs

Seminary Street Local Road 175.72 Union SpringsPark Street Local Road 261.78 Union Springs

Factory Street Local Road 685.58 Union SpringsMadison Avenue Local Road 193.31 Union SpringsFoundry Street Local Road 354.96 Union Springs

Basin Street Local Road 628.50 Union SpringsCenter Street County HWY 188.28 Cayuga CountyCenter Lane Local Road 113.59 Union SpringsSeither Loop Local Road 790.45 Union Springs

Total: 16,841.23*In order of physical location (north to south)

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Sidewalk and curb on west side of Cayuga Street in downtown Union Springs3

Currently, the village does have sidewalks outside of the Historic Business District on Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90). North of downtown, there is sidewalk on both sides of the road up to the southern edge of the Fire Department’s driveway. South of downtown, beginning across from the Post office, the sidewalk continues only on the western side of Cayuga Street for about two more blocks, ending just south of Arnold Street.

In the WRA, there is approximately 6,478 linear feet of sidewalk on Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90); and 3,181 linear feet on the side streets. In the Historic Business District the sidewalks on the west side of Cayuga Street are nearly 12 foot wide which has allowed merchants to place their wares out on the sidewalk to grab the attention of passersby. The sidewalks on the east side of Cayuga Street are a standard 4 feet wide.

In addition to the broken and uneven sidewalks located throughout downtown, several large sections of curbing between the roadway and sidewalk are severely deteriorated causing safety concerns for pedestrians. The general aesthetics of the streetscape in downtown is also impaired by insufficient landscaping and street trees; a lack of inviting street furniture; and the need for facade and structural improvements to the current building stock.

Sidewalk and curb on west side of Cayuga Street at Basin Street in downtown Union Springs4

ParkingPublic parking is available in the Village of Union Springs in the form of on-street parking and a small number of off-street spaces in the village parking lot. There is currently no cost for parking in the village, however; overnight on-street parking (between 2am and 6am) is not permitted on Cayuga Street between Chapel Street and Basin Street year-round. Overnight parking during the winter (November 1st to April 1st) is prohibited on all streets in the village from 2am and 6am for snow removal.

There are approximately 330 on-street parking spaces in the WRA, nearly all of which are located along Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) from the Fire Department south to Arnold Street (where the sidewalk ends). A small number of these spaces are located on Factory Street and Center Street. There is no public on-street parking on Foundry Street or Basin Street.

The village does maintain a small public parking lot (19 spaces) off of Cayuga Street adjacent to the Trinity United Church of Christ. There is also free parking available at Frontenac Park for park users and boat launch users. There is a small lot (20 spaces) adjacent to the baseball field in the park; and the boat launch parking area can accommodate 50 vehicles with boat trailers.




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involved in accidents (aka. jaws of life). The Union Springs Fire Department maintains its headquarters on a 14.20 acre parcel just north of the school district on Cayuga Street.

The village does not have its own police department therefore; they rely on the Cayuga County Sheriff’s Department or the NYS Police Department to respond to emergency calls. Cayuga County does have a 911 emergency system with a central call center and addressing database that all municipalities in the county participate in.

Drinking Water Sources and InfrastructureThe village does not source its water from Cayuga Lake. The natural springs that the community was originally built over, along with abundant groundwater, have proven to be more than sufficient at providing water for the village water system. Public water is available throughout the village to all residents and businesses from the village water system which is sourced from two drilled wells located just outside of the WRA on property across the street from the school district. The village’s system also includes a water treatment facility, located on the same property as the two wells, and two storage tanks located in the south-east portion of the village, also outside of the WRA. Table 34 below provides detailed information on the location, size of pipe, and approximate number of customers (parcels) served by water lines located in the WRA. Map 11 shows all of the parcels in the WRA that are served by municipal water and sewer systems.

Table 34: Municipal Water Service in the WRA6

Pipe Size Location Linear Feet Parcels Served4 inch Backus Rd 1,031 1

6 inch Springport Cove Rd, McDonald Point Rd, Cayuga St, Howland St, Green St, Chapel St, Seminary St, Park St, Factory St, Foundry St, & Basin St. 13,756 127

8 inch Cayuga St & Center St 4,956 48Total 19,743 176

*Note: There are no municipal services on Frontenac Island, therefore only 176 of the 177 parcels in the WRA are served with public water.

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Union Springs Fire Department Fire Rescue One boat5

Emergency Services and FacilitiesThe Village of Union Springs is served by The Union Hose and Engine Company, known locally as the Union Springs Fire Department. The department provides the following services: fire protection on land and on the lake with a water rescue boat, ambulance services through their emergency medical service (EMS) team, a HAZMAT response team, search and rescue, and when necessary extrication from vehicles




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Water supplies in the village have been impacted in recent years from a groundwater plume of VOC (volatile organic compound) contamination from the General Electric Powerex manufacturing facility located on West Genesee Street in the City of Auburn. Beginning in the late 1980s and continuing into the early 2000s, the village’s municipal wells were found, as part of routine testing by the NYS Department of Health, to have low levels of two particularly hazardous chemicals: cis-1,2-DCE (cis-1,2-dichloroethene) and TCE.7 As a result of the testing, the village, in 2001, installed equipment at their water treatment facility that would remove the chemicals from the water supply prior to distribution. Since 2000, the EPA, NYS DEC, NYS DOH, and the Cayuga County Department of Health have worked together to identify the source of the contamination, put the Powerex site on the National priority List as a Superfund site, and worked to formulate a remediation plan. The EPA and General Electric have finalized a remediation plan for the area around the Powerex site;8 and in Spring/Summer 2018 began the process of cleaning up the site.

The village continues to maintain equipment at their water treatment facility designed to remove these harmful chemicals from the water supply before they enter the distribution system to residents and businesses; and this method has proven effective to date at keeping the drinking water safe.

Wastewater Treatment Facilities and Stormwater InfrastructureIn the village, all residents and businesses are served by a public sanitary sewer system owned and operated by the village. The village sewage treatment plant is located at 27 Creamery Rd adjacent to Frontenac Park and North Pond. The treatment plant utilizes a submerged discharge pipe, approximately 500 feet long, which extends out into Cayuga Lake from the north-western point of Frontenac Park at the shoreline adjacent to the un-named outlet creek from the North Pond dam. The village system is a combined sewer and storm water system with catch basins along Cayuga Street and other major roadways. This combined system has been subject to overflows and local flooding in the past due to large storm events which have caused the failure and overflow of a storm drainage-only system located under Cayuga Street that carries water from an upland stream to the east, under the roadway to the west where the stream continues into the lake. However, the village has been working with NYS DOT to upgrade these storm drainage pipes to avoid future flooding incidents where possible. The positive result of this combined sewer and storm water system is that run off water from streets, sidewalks, parking areas, and other impervious services is being treated at the sewage treatment plant before ending up in the lake. One major negative result of the combined system is that of possible overflow events due to rapid high volumes of rain fall. One type of overflow event could take place at the treatment plant, which could result in raw sewage entering the lake; another could happen along the roadways which can cause street and property flooding.

Marine sewage pump-out facilities are located at Frontenac Harbor and Hibiscus Harbor Marina. The pump-out station at Frontenac Harbor is connected directly to the village sewer system and waste is treated at the village treatment plant. Hibiscus Harbor Marina however, uses a holding tank as part of their pump-out facility and contracts with a private septic service to come and empty the tank when it is full. The owners of the marina expressed their interest in upgrading their pump-out tank facility so that marine sewage can be pumped directly into the village’s sewer system and then treated at the village treatment plant. This upgrade would alleviate the potential for spills and contamination from the holding tank that could lead to removal of this service at the marina.




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Village of Union Springs’ wastewater treatment plant adjacent to Frontenac Park9

Solid Waste ManagementThe Village of Union Springs has a municipal contract with a private waste hauling company that provides curbside trash and recycling pick up to all residents and commercial businesses in the village. Some businesses, like Frontenac Harbor and Gillespie Chevrolet car dealership, have their own private contracts with a waste management company that provides them with dumpster service.

Communication ServicesTelephone (landline and cellular), high-speed internet (DSL and Wi-Fi as well), cable (and satellite) television services are available to residents and businesses throughout the village by various national carries including Verizon and Time Warner Cable.

Natural Gas, Electric, and Alternative Energy ServicesNatural gas and traditional electric service in the village are provided by New York State Electric and Gas (NYSEG). The Union Springs Central School District doe have a private natural gas well that is regulated by NYS DEC. The school’s well is the only private natural gas well in the WRA.10

As a result of the countywide promotion of the benefits of solar energy in 2015 (Solarize Cayuga), residential solar energy installations are slowly gaining traction in the village. By November of 2016 there were 10 residential roof-top photovoltaic energy systems in use in the WRA. There were no commercial installations at that time, nor any ground mounted systems. However, the Village of Union Springs, with funding from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) and support from the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board (CNY RPDB), contracted with Optony, Inc. to prepare a feasibility assessment for potential solar project development opportunities in the village, particularly the potential for a community micro-grid solar array project. The report, completed on July 29, 2016, found that there are several opportunities to install solar panels or arrays on village owned buildings and properties which could help the village save a considerable amount of money on energy costs annually.

The consultants stated in the report that “Using information collected during pre-screening discussions and in-person site visits, viable sites on rooftops, parking lots, and open land, have been selected and mapped out using a modular approach to provide system and project design flexibility. Based on the area available for solar, the recommended solar PV system capacity has been estimated at 1,600 kilowatts (kW) for a community solar array. Subscribing to 528 kW of capacity, or building a remote net metered system of that size, would offset 99% of known village electric consumption.”11 Table 35 shows the full community solar potential.

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Table 35: Village of Union Springs Community Solar Potential12

ID Name Priority Score

System Type Azimuth Tilt System Size

(kW-DC)Energy Output

(kWh/year)US1 Water Works A Ground 180 20 1,600 1,995,000US2 Water Treatment Plant C Roof various 18 44 51,390

Total Recommended (A or B) 1,600 1,995,000

The Village of Union Springs has decided to pursue establishing a community solar array system, on village owned properties through a third-party agreement as recommended in Optony’s report. There is potential for residents and businesses to purchase some or all of their electrical power from the village’s system (there will be some capacity left after the village’s electrical needs are met). The consultants also pointed out the local economic and environmental impacts that could be achieved through the installation and use of the proposed 1,600 kW solar array. The report states that:13

Economic Benefits include not only reductions to and predictability of future energy expenses, but also local economic activity and job creation. The recommended solar PV projects would stimulate approximately $2.1 million in new, local economic activity during construction and an additional $20K per year in operations and maintenance. It would also create 27 additional job-years (the equivalent of that many full time jobs for one year).5

Environmental benefits include the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, which could support the achievement of the community’s sustainability goals, as well as other emissions that negatively impact public health. The installation of 1,600 kW of solar capacity would generate 1,995,000 kWh of solar power annually, which would displace over 452 tonnes of CO2 from being released into the atmosphere from current power sources every year.5 The economic impact results provided in this report are based in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Jobs and economic Development Impact (JEDI) model and assume that direct local spending and job creation benefits do not include induced impacts, such as waitresses hired to support additional construction workers. Furthermore, manufacturing jobs creation benefits are not included in the estimates, as it is assumed that equipment will come from outside the region.

The CNY RPDB through its Solarize CNY project developed an RFP with a multi-municipal agreement and procurement process to assist interested local governments in CNY with the development of their own community solar projects. The village is proceeding with the proposed ground array at their water works site and is working with the CNY RPDB to finalize contracts and secure electric pricing from the builder and solar company Abundant. Construction is planned for 2018.




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Citations1. NYS DOT Traffic Data Viewer. Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) counts from 2015. http://gis3.dot.ny.gov/html5viewer/?viewer=tdv. Accessed: September 6, 2018.2. Road data from the Cayuga County GIS parcel data base.3. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger, August 24, 2016.4. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger, August 24, 2016.5. Photograph of Fire Rescue boat available at: http://ithacavoice.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/14102273_10153626410926876_ 8295266585034359584_n.jpg6. Road data from the Cayuga County GIS parcel data base.7. Cayuga County Groundwater Contamination Superfund Site, Record of Decision report. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region II, New York, NY. March 2013.8. The NYS DEC maintains a webpage with updated information on all environmental remediation projects around the state. See the Region 7 page at http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/37558.html for more information.9. Photograph Taken by Kari Terwilliger from Frontenac Park, August 24, 2016.10. NYS DEC Environmental Navigator, Mineral Resources. Available at: http://www.dec.ny.gov/gis/maw/ Accessed: September 9, 2018.11. Solar Feasibility Assessment Report for the Village of Union Springs and the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. Optony, Inc. July 29, 2016. Page 9.12. Solar Feasibility Assessment Report for the Village of Union Springs and the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. Optony, Inc. July 29, 2016. Page 4.13. Solar Feasibility Assessment Report for the Village of Union Springs and the Central New York Regional Planning and Development Board. Optony, Inc. July 29, 2016. Page 24


B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

QUAR

RY R

D

BURCHMAN DR

EVER

GREE

N ST

TROYS MARINA

KOZY KOVE RD

OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

CHASE AVE

MENZ

IE LN

HIBISCUS HARBOR LN

MADISON AVE

BACK

US R

D

ROUTE 90

CAYU

GA S

T

MCDONALDS POINT RD

CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

CREAMERY RD

HOWLAND STBA

CKUS

RD

SPRINGPORT COVE RD

SALEM ST

GREEN ST

BASIN ST

FACTORY ST

PARK ST

FOUN

DRY

ST

SEITHER LOOP

SEMINARY ST


Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 10

Transportation

Source: Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2017.


County Highway

Local Road

Private Road

State Route


B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

QUAR

RY R

D

BURCHMAN DR

EVER

GREE

N ST

TROYS MARINA

KOZY KOVE RD

OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

CHASE AVE

MENZ

IE LN

HIBISCUS HARBOR LN

MADISON AVE

BACK

US R

D

ROUTE 90

CAYU

GA S

T

MCDONALDS POINT RD

CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

CREAMERY RD

HOWLAND STBA

CKUS

RD

SPRINGPORT COVE RD

SALEM ST

GREEN ST

BASIN ST

FACTORY ST

PARK ST

FOUN

DRY

ST

SEITHER LOOP

SEMINARY ST


Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 11

Water and Wastewater Systems

Source: Cayuga County Office of Real Property Services RPS Database 2016. Note: For the purposes of this Plan, all parcels in the Village are considered to be served by public water and sewer.

Parcels Containing Area in both Waterand Sewer Districts

Parcels Containing Area in Water DistrictsOnly






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2.11 RECREATIONAL & CULTURAL RESOURCES

In addition to the water-related resources of Cayuga Lake, the Village of Union Springs offers other recreational and cultural resources for residents and tourists alike.

Recreational ResourcesWhile the majority of existing recreational opportunities in the community are focused on the use of the lake, as detailed in Chapter 2.9 Water Uses, there are other facilities and activities on land in the WRA that are enjoyed by the community. The largest and most popular site by far is Frontenac Park which currently includes the following activities/areas: a baseball field with bleachers used by the local little league, youth, and adult recreation teams; a basketball court; a large open field used for several activities including as a soccer field for the Union Springs Soccer Club (a youth summer recreational league) and for events and festivals; a gazebo that is often rented by bands for live music events; two pavilions; a playground; and of course the beach by the swimming area. Frontenac Park provides the only “structured” outdoor public recreational space (the High School has several ball fields and a track, but they are primarily for the use of the students and not the public).

Other recreational activities that residents and visitors participate in include bicycling along Scenic Route 90; bird watching (birding) from several locations within the Waterfront Revitalization Area; and of course hunting and fishing, including guided hunting trips by a local company called Frontenac Fowlers.1 A gallery of the different species of birds that can be seen in the area is provided in the “Natural Resource Guide - Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program”, March 17, 2020 on file at the Springport Free Library and at the Village of Union Springs offices.

Local Tourist AttractionsThere are several tourist attractions within the WRA including a local antique store, Lake Village Antiques; the Frontenac Historical Society and Museum; and several historical sites around the community (details provided below). Unfortunately, there are currently no active hotels, motels, or bed and breakfast establishments in the village.

There are a few local tourist attractions in the community located outside of the WRA that have become quite popular. There are two wineries in the Town of Springport that offer tastings, tours, and other fares. The Hearts & Hands Winery2, located on NYS Route 90 at the southern end of the town, and the Apple Station Winery and Farm Store3, located off NYS Route 326 in the town, both offer locally produced wines. While neither establishment is officially on the Cayuga Lake Wine Trail, they are both easily accessible from Scenic Route 90 between the trail stops of Montezuma Winery at the northern end of Cayuga Lake in the Town of Tyre (Seneca County) and Long Point Winery in the Town of Ledyard.

Another local attraction that is also outside of the WRA that brings a large number of people to the area seasonally, is Penny’s Country Farm and Pumpkin Patch4. In addition to picking out pumpkins for Halloween, Penny’s offers many family-friendly activities including wagon rides; an animal petting “zoo” with donkeys, miniature goats, and Ginny hens; a children’s playground; face painting; live music; and a country store/snack bar.

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Table 36: Sites Listed on the New York State & National Register of Historic Places5

Site & Location Architectural Style and Period of Significance Image

16Almeron Durkee House13 Cayuga StreetUnion Springs, NY 13160

Federal Style1800-1924- Sig. Period1820- Sig. Year

* Note: The number in the table corresponds to a location identifier number on Map 12

Cultural ResourcesThe Village of Union Springs has numerous historical sites throughout the community related to both Native American settlements and the development of the community by English settlers. Table 36 provides the location of the one historic site in the WRA that has been listed on both the New York State and National Register of Historic Places.

In addition to the State and National Register site, there are several sites in the WRA that have been identified by the village as locally historically significant. Some of these sites have historical markers, while others do not. Table 37 provides information about these sites; and Maps 12 and 13 illustrate the location of these cultural resources.

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Village of Union Springs entrance sign at the southern boundary of the village on NYS Route 907




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Table 37: Properties of Local Historical Significance in the WRA8

Site Comments Marker Sign/Image Site Comments Marker Sign/Image

The Business

Block

Built in 1842-43 by James Everitt, owner and builder. (153-145 Cayuga Street)

Old Stone School House

c. 1800 (adjacent to the Union Springs Central School on Cayuga Street)

Castelli’s Marina

(Frontenac Harbor)

Location of boat yard where the first Cayuga Ferry was built, and used as a railroad coal yard (1800s). Castelli’s built in 1956.

South Pond

Site of many industries, i.e. wool, cheese, salt blocks etc.

Frontenac Island

A prehistoric burial ground for the aboriginal population, the area of the island was reduced by about 50% by rail bed builders who took their stone from the island. The island is unique as an extremely rare archaeological record and also is one of only two islands in the Finger Lakes.

Springport Free

Library

Built in 1857 as a meeting house for the Hicksite Quakers. (171 Cayuga Street)

Howland Mill

There were two or three mills before the North Pond area was bought by George Howland. Construction on the present mill was started in 1835 by mason James S. Everett and George Ham, who owned the quarries south of the Village at Hamburg.

Village Offices

c. 1900. The original railroad station burned and the village offices now occupy the replacement station built by the Cayuga Lake Railroad. (26 Chapel Street)

The Masonic Lodge

c. 1820 by Laban Hoskins, builder and merchant. It serves as a visual anchor for the Business Block. (155 Cayuga Street)

TheBriars

A fine example of Tudor Revival architecture, was constructed in the 1920’s by Milan Pratt, who had made a fortune from his invention of Certo pectin. (1 McDonald Point Road)

NorthPond

Dammed by Edward Richardson in 1790 -Richardson lost his mill there because he was expelled from the area by the Indians. (adjacent to the Howland Mill/Spring Mills)

St. Michael’s Catholic Church

The cornerstone of the former Grace Episcopal Church, located at the southeast corner of Cayuga and Seminary Streets, was laid on May 2, 1869. This structure has continuously served as the home to St. Michael’s Catholic Church since 1974. St. Michaels Church was established in Union Springs in 1851. (162 Cayuga Street)




Page

Table 37: Properties of Local Historical Significance in the WRA (Continued)

Site Comments Marker Sign/Image

Trinity United Church of

Christ

The church was originally built in 1899 as the First Methodist Church. The addition to the rear was completed in 1963. (163 Cayuga Street)

Charles Courtney

HouseConstructed pre 1851 (6 Chapel Street)

Fordyce House c. 1840 Greek Revival (99 Cayuga Street)

Laban Hoskins House c. 1810-1820 Federal/Greek Revival (158 Cayuga Street)

Rierson-Clapp House c. 1816 Greek Revival (18 Basin Street)

John C. Yawger House c. 1850 Greek Revival (103 Cayuga Street)

** Photographs of these sites and markers were taken on site by Kari Terwilliger.

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Citations1. More information about the services provided by Frontenac Fowlers is available from their website: http://frontenacfowlers.com/2. Road data from the Cayuga County GIS parcel data base.2. Heart & Hands Winery: https://www.heartandhandswine.com/3. The Apple Station Winery and Farm Store: http://www.theapplestation.com/index.htm.4. Penny’s Country Farm: http://pennyscountryfarm.com/5. National Register of Historic Places listing for Cayuga County, NY: www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ny/cayuga/state.html6. Photograph taken on site by Kari Terwilliger, November 2, 2016.7. Village of Union Springs Comprehensive Plan, Appendix D: Historic and Architecturally Significant Properties within the Village of Union Springs. Adopted 2007. Town of Springport Comprehensive Plan pg. 54-55, adopted 2014.8. Photograph taken by Kari Terwilliger, looking north on NYS Route 90- east side of the road, November 2, 2016.

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UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

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Recreational andCultural Resources

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Sources: New York State Historic Preservation Office. 2016.; Village of Union SpringsComprehensive Plan. 2007.; Cayuga County Department of Planning and EconomicDevelopment. 2016.


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Recreational andCultural ResourcesDowntown Union Springs - North

Source: Village of Union Springs Comprehensive Plan. 2007.; Cayuga CountyDepartment of Planning and Economic Development. 2016.


CAYUGA LAKE RAILROAD TRAIN STATION(Village Offices)

CHARLES COURTNEYHOUSE

SPRINGPORTFREE LIBRARY

HOWLAND STONE MILL(SPRING MILLS)

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Recreational andCultural ResourcesDowntown Union Springs - South

Source: Village of Union Springs Comprehensive Plan. 2007.; Cayuga CountyDepartment of Planning and Economic Development. 2016.


RIERSEN - CLAPPHOUSE

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2.12 NATURAL RESOURCESThis chapter covers a number of different areas related to the natural resources and environment found in the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area including geology and topography; wetlands and flood hazard areas; steep slopes and scenic resources; lakes, ponds, and streams; fish, wildlife, and ecological communities; and invasive species.

OUR HOMEBy Cayuga’s dear old waters

Lies a peaceful little town;With its smooth and grassy meadows

And its hills with glory crowned.

Grand old trees are by the lakesideFringing deep the little dell;

Pointing with their long, long fingers,Like some grim old sentinel.

One can scarcely see the village‘Tis so hidden by the trees;

But ‘tis there in all its beautyAnd its sweetness one soon sees.

Sing the praises of KillarneySoftly call it “Beauty’s Home”;

All its glory must be vanquishedBy Cayuga’s face alone.

Where are sunsets any finer?Where are waters half so clear?

Where is nature any lovelierThan you find her here?

Dear old village, thou hast partedWith thy loved and brave oft times;

But the beauty God has given theeThat is ever thine.

Union Springs, fair little villageMay thy beauties ever shine;

Anyone who looks upon theeOwns a workman all divine.

Union Springs upon CayugaThou does many a stranger charm;

And he sees in they sweet valleyRest and quiet free from harm.

Many years has thou been buildedStill thy firm foundations stand;

All thy beauty is reflectedFrom Our Father’s Better Land.

N. L. A.1

Geology and TopographyMaps 14 and 15 illustrate the types of geological formations present in the WRA. These maps show the bedrock formations, there are five total types in the WRA, and the surficial geology formations in the WRA. The surficial geological formations are the material deposits between the top soil and the underlying bedrock that were left behind by glaciers during the last ice age. Glacial movement was responsible for carving out the landscape that we see today, creating the hills, valleys, and lakes that make this area so beautiful. The glaciers also left behind unconsolidated materials on top of the bedrock with various different properties. These materials generally fall into two categories: fairly stable and compact, or fairly unstable and loose. There are of course many areas of middle ground and combinations of material types and sizes (from compact clay to small pea sized pebbles to large cobbles); however, there is really only one surficial geology type in the Village of Union Springs WRA: Lacustrine (silt and clay). This soil formation is typically found in the land surrounding the 11 Finger Lakes in Upstate New York. In general, this material is fairly stable and is suitable for development. As is the case in Union Springs, there can be pockets in these deposits that allow for water flow creating underground springs and in some cases a shallow water table.

“Surficial geology” refers to the study of landforms and the unconsolidated sediments that lie beneath them. The majority of the unconsolidated sediments found at the land surface were deposited during the late Wisconsin glaciation, 21,000 to 13,600 years ago.2

The majority of the bedrock formations in the WRA consist of either limestone or dolomite which has very similar properties to limestone. As mentioned in Chapter 2.2, the presence of vast quantities of limestone helped to shape the early industry and development history of this area. While there is a small area of the Marcellus Formation located in the southeastern portion of the village (outside of the WRA), local scientists and engineers have determined that the shale deposits typically found in the Marcellus Formation which have been found to contain large quantities of natural gas extracted through the hydrofracturing process, are not deep enough for the “fracking” process in Cayuga County.3

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WetlandsAn IPac Trust Resources Report was prepared by US FWS for this Village of Union Springs LWRP planning document on August 7, 2018 that identified two main types of wetlands present in the WRA that are on the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) and regulated by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (US FWS), see Map 16 for the location of regulated wetlands in the WRA. Detailed descriptions of the location, acreage mapped, and native vegetation found in each of these wetlands is described below. In addition to the 14.24 acres of NWI wetlands, there is one area of wetlands in the WRA that is regulated by the NYS DEC which covers a 23.81 acre area north of Frontenac Park. This area is overlapped by an area of 13.39 acres regulated by the US FWS. Any regulated wetland area in the WRA would require a study and permit for any future construction project. There is a total of 38.05 acres of regulated wetlands in the WRA.

Freshwater Emergent WetlandsThere are two types of freshwater emergent wetlands located in the WRA: PEM1E and PEM1Fh.Palustrine Emergent Persistent Seasonally Flooded/Saturated (PEM1E) wetlands mapped by the U.S. FWS are found in the following locations in the Waterfront Revitalization Area:

• North of Frontenac Park - 13.39 acres.

Description for code PEM1E:4

P System PALUSTRINE: The Palustrine System includes all nontidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, emergents, mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas where salinity due to ocean derived salts is below 0.5 ppt. Wetlands lacking such vegetation are also included if they exhibit all of the following characteristics: 1. are less than 8 hectares (20 acres); 2. do not have an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature; 3. have at low water a depth less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in the deepest part of the basin; 4. have a salinity due to ocean-derived salts of less than 0.5 ppt.

EM Class EMERGENT: Characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants.

1 Subclass Persistent: Dominated by species that normally remain standing at least until the beginning of the next growing season. This subclass is found only in the Estuarine and Palustrine systems.

E WATER REGIME Seasonally Flooded/Saturated: Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season and when surface water is absent, substrate remains saturated near the surface for much of the growing season.

Palustrine Emergent Persistent Semipermanently Flooded Diked / Impounded (PEM1Fh) wetlands mapped by the U.S. FWS are found in the following locations in the Waterfront Revitalization Area:

• South-east corner of Mill Pond (North Pond)- 0.25 acres

Description for code PEM1Eh:5

P System PALUSTRINE: The Palustrine System includes all nontidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, emergents, mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas where salinity due to ocean derived salts is below 0.5 ppt. Wetlands lacking such vegetation are also included if they exhibit all of the following characteristics: 1. are less than 8 hectares (20 acres); 2. do not have an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature; 3. have at low water a depth less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in the deepest part of the basin; 4. have a salinity due to ocean-derived salts of less than 0.5 ppt.

EM Class EMERGENT: Characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants.

1 Subclass Persistent: Dominated by species that normally remain standing at least until the beginning of the next growing season. This subclass is found only in the Estuarine and Palustrine systems.


h SPECIAL MODIFIER Diked/Impounded: These wetlands have been created or modified by a man-made barrier or dam which obstructs the inflow or outflow of water. The descriptors ‘diked’ and ‘impounded’ have been combined into a single modifier since the observed effect on wetlands is similar. They have been combined here due to image interpretation limitations.

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Description for code PSS1E:6 P System PALUSTRINE: The Palustrine System includes all nontidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, emergents, mosses or

lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas where salinity due to ocean derived salts is below 0.5 ppt. Wetlands lacking such vegetation are also included if they exhibit all of the following characteristics: 1. are less than 8 hectares (20 acres); 2. do not have an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature; 3. have at low water a depth less than 2 meters (6.6 feet) in the deepest part of the basin; 4. have a salinity due to ocean-derived salts of less than 0.5 ppt.

SS Class SCRUB-SHRUB: Includes areas dominated by woody vegetation less than 6 m (20 feet) tall. The species include true shrubs, young trees (saplings), and trees or shrubs that are small or stunted because of environmental conditions.

1 Subclass Broad-Leaved Deciduous: Woody angiosperms (trees or shrubs) with relatively wide, flat leaves that are shed during the cold or dry season; e.g., black ash (Fraxinus nigra).


See the LWRP Natural Resources Guide on file at the Springport Free Library and at the Village of Union Springs offices for examples of plants, shrubs, and trees typically found in New York in Freshwater Emergent Wetlands and in Freshwater Forested/Shrub Wetlands (the two main types of wetlands present in the Waterfront Revitalization Area).

Freshwater Forested/Shrub WetlandsThere is one type of freshwater forested/shrub wetlands located in the WRA: PSS1E. Palustrine Scrub-Shrub Broad-Leaved Deciduous Seasonally Flooded/Saturated (PSS1E) wetlands mapped by the U.S. FWS are found in the following locations in the Waterfront Revitalization Area:

• South side of McDonalds Point- 0.6 acres

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Flood Hazard AreasAccording to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 2007 Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) database, there is a total of 46.45 acres of land (including all of Frontenac Island) in the WRA that is located in the 100 year floodplain (Zone A or AE with a 1% annual chance of flooding); and 12.60 acres of land in the WRA that is located in the 500 year flood plain (Zone X with a 2% annual chance of flooding). There are of 106 parcels (out of a total of 177 parcels in the WRA) that are impacted directly by being located, partially or wholly, in a floodplain. These floodplain zones are shown in detail on Map 18 for the entire WRA and on Map 19 which shows a zoomed in area of downtown Union Springs. This area in downtown, located along Cayuga Street between Factory Street and Basin Street has been the site of several past flooding events and recently in the spring of 2015.

As to be expected in a lakefront community, most of the land areas located in a FEMA floodplain in the WRA are located along the lakeshore, along stream outlets, in each of the marinas, and existing wetlands and ponds. Of the 106 parcels, some portion of which is located in a FEMA floodplain, 48 have direct frontage/access to Cayuga Lake; and 11 are located adjacent to waterfront properties. The remaining 47 parcels are located in either the Downtown Historic Business District or the Neighborhood Commercial District along Cayuga Street, Factory Street, Foundry Street, and Basin Street.

Table 38 lists the high priority flood hazard mitigation initiatives identified in the Village of Union Springs jurisdictional annex in the 2013 Cayuga County All Hazards, Hazard Mitigation Plan and the current status of implementation.




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Table 38: High Priority Flood Hazard Mitigation Initiatives for Union Springs

Initiative # Description Current Status

US-2 Replace or repair the major cross culvert across Center Street which has begun to fail.

Completed by NYS DOT in 2016

US-5 Develop a plan to deal with debris in stream.

US-19

Maintain compliance with and good-standing in the NFIP including adoption and enforcement of floodplain management requirements, floodplain identification and mapping, and flood insurance outreach to the community.

Ongoing

US-20 Obtain and archive elevation certificates.

Steep Slopes and Scenic ResourcesThe majority of the land area in the WRA is relatively flat uplands; however, there are some low-lying areas along the lakeshore as shown on Map 20 Elevation (Terrain Relief). The areas along the lakeshore are susceptible to flooding, as shown on Map 18.

Map 21 is quite similar to Map 20, but it shows more clearly the location and extent of the few steep slopes that are found in the area. These steep slopes are located around the streams and the uphill edge of the wetlands north of North Pond. Areas with a slope of 15-25% should be developed with care and areas with a slope greater than 25% should not be developed at all if possible due to the level of engineering required to make the surrounding slope stable; and because development of these areas can lead to a significant increase in runoff and sediment flows into the lake which will affect water quality. Additionally, some of the most scenic views that are enjoyed by residents and tourists alike occur either on or near steep slope areas.

The Village of Union Springs has more miles of accessible waterfront along Cayuga Lake than any other community in Cayuga County in terms of both actual access and perceived access through the amazing view sheds both along NYS Route 90 and from side roads that sit higher above the lake than NYS Route 90. In lakefront communities like Union Springs that rely heavily on seasonal tourists to boost their local economy, the preservation of view sheds of the lake and lakeshore from public right-of-ways and public parks and trails is critical. These areas are also prime locations for photography, both by professionals and amateurs, especially for capturing the beauty of sunrises and sunsets over the water.

Lakes, Ponds and StreamsIn addition to Cayuga Lake there are several other natural waterbodies located in and around the Waterfront Revitalization Area. As illustrated in Map 22 there three creeks/streams that are regulated by the NYS DEC in the WRA. All of them are Class C streams which means that they support fisheries and are suitable for non-contact activities (not recommended for swimming or to be used as a source of drinking water).

The portion of Cayuga Lake that is located in the WRA has been classified by NYS DEC as a Class A(T) waterbody which means that the water quality is suitable for use as a source of drinking water and that it may support a Trout population.




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Aerial view of Cayuga Lake and two creek outlets into the lake7

There are two ponds located within the WRA. These man-made ponds, North Pond and South Pond, were created when the natural springs that run under the ground were dammed in the late 1700s and early 1800s. As such, the NYS DEC still classifies both of these “ponds” as dams and hold regulatory control over their use and maintenance. These ponds are located on public property owned by the Village of Union Springs; and while they are not accessible for swimming or boating, they each provide opportunities to view and experience a wide variety of natural wildlife. North and South ponds are each used as both breeding and migratory stopping areas for waterfowl and are popular birding areas for experienced and novice birders alike.

Fish, Wildlife and Ecological CommunitiesThe ecological communities found throughout the Waterfront Revitalization Area are both vast and diverse. Data from several sources including the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; the NYS Breeding Bird Atlas; the New York Natural Heritage Program; and the NY Nature Explorer online mapping application was collected to create a comprehensive view of the diverse ecology of the area. The tables and information in the sections below provide details about the types of species and their status in NYS as protected, threatened, or endangered.

Fish & MammalsTable 39 lists the types of fish and mammals that have been documented in the WRA and their current protection/conservation status. More detailed information for each species is provided in the LWRP Natural Resources Guide on file at the Springport Free Library and at the Village of Union Springs offices.

Aerial view of North Pond with Cayuga Lake and Frontenac Island in the background8




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Table 39: Fish & Mammals with Conservation Status

Name NYS Listing

Conservation Status

Last Documented

Habitat Type Habitat Comments Image

FISH

Blackchin Shiner (Notropis heterodon)9

Unlisted S1G5

Cayuga Lake(Sept.19, 1929)

Freshwater Mostly restricted to clear, cool, weedy glacial lakes; also in inlets and outlets of lakes, and pools and slow runs of creeks and small rivers, usually over sand

Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)10

Threatened S1S2G3G4

Cayuga Lake(Oct.18, 2013)

Freshwater Primary habitat is the bottoms of large, clean, freshwater rivers and

lakes; can grow up to 8-9 ft. long, weigh 300lbs, and

live up to 100 years

MAMM

ALS

Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis)11

Threatened S1G1G2

Cayuga County(2015)

Terrestrial This bat generally is associated with old-growth forests composed of trees

100 years or older; and roost underneath bark, in cavities, or in crevices of both live and dead trees.

Data source: NYS DEC New York Nature Explorer (http://www.dec.ny.gov/natureexplorer/app/) & New York Natural Heritage Program (http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/29338.html)

Birds NYS DEC and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service have documented 106 types of birds, both breeding and migratory, that frequent areas within the WRA. Below is a list of these birds and their current legal protection/conservation status in New York State. More detailed information each of these species including identifying images is provided in the LWRP Natural Resources Guide on file at the Springport Free Library and at the Village of Union Springs offices.

Name NYS Legal Status Name NYS Legal StatusAlder Flycatcher Protected Black-capped Chickadee ProtectedAmerican Crow Game Species Blue Jay ProtectedAmerican Goldfinch Protected Blue-gray Gnatcatcher ProtectedAmerican Kestrel Protected Blue-winged Warbler ProtectedAmerican Redstart Protected Bobolink ProtectedAmerican Robin Protected Brown Creeper ProtectedAmerican Woodcock Game Species Brown Thrasher ProtectedBald Eagle Threatened Brown-headed Cowbird ProtectedBaltimore Oriole Protected Canada Goose Game SpeciesBarn Swallow Protected Canada Warbler ProtectedBelted Kingfisher Protected Cedar Waxwing ProtectedBlack Tern Endangered Cerulean Warbler Protected-Special ConcernBlack-billed Cuckoo Protected Chimney Swift Protected




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Name NYS Legal Status Name NYS Legal StatusChipping Sparrow Protected Northern Rough-winged Swallow ProtectedClay-colored Sparrow Protected Olive-sided Flycatcher ProtectedCommon Grackle Protected Ovenbird ProtectedCommon Merganser Game Species Peregrine Falcon ProtectedCommon Yellowthroat Protected Pied-billed Grebe ThreatenedCooper's Hawk Protected-Special Concern Pileated Woodpecker ProtectedDark-eyed Junco Protected Prairie Warbler ProtectedDowny Woodpecker Protected Purple Finch ProtectedEastern Bluebird Protected Purple Martin ProtectedEastern Kingbird Protected Red-bellied Woodpecker ProtectedEastern Meadowlark Protected Red-eyed Vireo ProtectedEastern Phoebe Protected Red-headed Woodpecker Protected-Special ConcernEastern Screech-Owl Protected Red-tailed Hawk ProtectedEastern Towhee Protected Red-winged Blackbird ProtectedEastern Wood-Pewee Protected Ring-necked Pheasant Game SpeciesEuropean Starling Unprotected Rock Pigeon UnprotectedField Sparrow Protected Ruby-throated Hummingbird ProtectedGolden-winged Warbler Protected-Special Concern Ruffed Grouse Game SpeciesGrasshopper Sparrow Protected Savannah Sparrow ProtectedGray Catbird Protected Scarlet Tanager ProtectedGreat Blue Heron Protected Short-eared Owl EndangeredGreat Crested Flycatcher Protected Song Sparrow ProtectedGreat Horned Owl Protected Spotted Sandpiper ProtectedGreen Heron Protected Swamp Sparrow ProtectedHairy Woodpecker Protected Tree Swallow ProtectedHouse Finch Protected Tufted Titmouse ProtectedHouse Sparrow Unprotected Turkey Vulture ProtectedHouse Wren Protected Upland Sandpiper ProtectedIndigo Bunting Protected Veery ProtectedKilldeer Protected Vesper Sparrow Protected-Special ConcernLeast Bittern Threatened Warbling Vireo ProtectedLeast Flycatcher Protected White-breasted Nuthatch ProtectedLouisiana Waterthrush Protected White-throated Sparrow ProtectedMallard Duck Game Species Wild Turkey Game SpeciesMarsh Wren Protected Willow Flycatcher ProtectedMourning Dove Protected Winter Wren ProtectedNorthern Cardinal Protected Wood Duck Game SpeciesNorthern Flicker Protected Wood Thrush ProtectedNorthern Harrier Threatened Yellow Warbler ProtectedNorthern Mockingbird Protected Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Protected




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PlantsTable 40 below lists the types of plants and trees that have been documented in the WRA and their current protection/conservation status. More detailed information for some species is provided in the LWRP Natural Resources Guide on file at the Springport Free Library and at the Village of Union Springs offices.

Table 40: Plants with Conservation Status

Name NYS Listing Conservation Status

Last Documented Habitat Type Habitat Comments Image

FLOW

ERIN

G PL

ANTS

Cooper’s Milkvetch(Astragalus neglectus)12

Endangered S1G4

Union Springs(Jul. 18, 1995)

Riparian Areas Found on sand/gravel borders of lakes; rocky ridges and bluffs; wood lines; powerline rights-of-way; roadsides; and

railroad beds.

Handsome Sedge(Carex formosa)13

Threatened S2G4

Union Springs(Jun. 9, 1868)

Shrub Swamp Typically occurs in or at the edge of limey swamps, seeps, or bottomland forests; also found in moist, rich upland forests.

FERN

S &

ALLIE

S Smooth Scouring Rush(Equisetum laevigatum)24

Unlisted SXG5

Howland Point[McDonalds

Point](Jul. 7, 1917)

Riparian Areas Habitats include moist to mesic sand prairies, riverbanks, disturbed

grassy meadows, ditches, and gravely

areas along railroads.Data source: NYS DEC New York Nature Explorer (http://www.dec.ny.gov/natureexplorer/app/) & New York Natural Heritage Program (http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/29338.html)

Conservation Status CodesState Conservation Rank Global Conservation Rank

S1 Critically Imperiled in New York - Especially vulnerable to disappearing from New York due to extreme rarity or other factors; typically 5 or fewer populations or locations in New York, very few individuals, very restricted range, very few remaining acres (or miles of stream), and/or very steep declines.

G4 Apparently Secure globally - Uncommon in the world but not rare; usually widespread, but may be rare in some parts of its range; possibly some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors.

S2 Imperiled in New York - Very vulnerable to disappearing from New York due to rarity or other factors; typically 6 to 20 populations or locations in New York, very few individuals, very restricted range, few remaining acres (or miles of stream), and/or steep declines.

G5 Secure globally - Common in the world; widespread and abundant (but may be rare in some parts of its range).

SX Presumed Extirpated from New York - No existing locations known anywhere in New York despite intensive searches of historical locations and other appropriate habitat, and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery.

Data source: NYS DEC New York Nature Explorer (http://www.dec.ny.gov/natureexplorer/app/)




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Invasive and Nuisance SpeciesThe following section describes the various documented invasive and nuisance species within the WRA. There are several agencies and organizations that are actively involved in mitigating the spread of these species within the WRA and the Finger Lakes Region. The Finger Lakes PRISM (Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management) works closely with the US Army Corps of Engineers, NYS DEC, NYS Parks, county agencies and planning departments, and watershed groups to coordinate, acquire funding for, and report on all the programs and initiatives undertaken by these agencies to fight invasive species. Below is a summary of the work that the FL PRISM and their partner agencies accomplished in 2017-2018.

The Finger Lakes-PRISM saw much growth over this past year. We trained 318 people in the iMapInvasives mapping system and recorded 4,113 observations for the region. We engaged partners to place bootbrush stations and currently have 51 in the region. We sponsored Clean, Drain, Dry billboards across the Finger Lakes resulting in 7.77M impressions. Hydrilla verticillata detected in Aurora, NY in the fall of 2016 was managed and treated by the US Army Corp of Engineers with coordination and facilitation from the Finger Lakes PRISM. And, the goals and objectives of the Finger Lakes PRISM strategic plan were further met through prevention, coordination with partners, early detection/rapid response, education and outreach to the community and K-12 students, information management and communication, and legislation and support from federal, state and local funding sources.Some highlights from the FLI Finger Lakes PRISM 2017-2018 fiscal year include:

• $979,999 in competitive funding for invasive species work from state and federal sources• 49 workshops with 2,979 community members engaged on invasive species*• 17 Tabling events with over 74,000 people in attendance*• 23 Presentations conducted that conveyed invasive species programming to 938 people*• 318 people trained to use iMapInvasives across 18 programs• Watercraft steward program inspected 35,468 boats at 17 launches across the Finger Lakes and engaged

79,084 people in Clean, Drain, Dry messaging• 70 events held across the region in honor of NY Invasive Species Awareness Week• Water chestnut control team removed 774.8 acres of water chestnut across 16 sites and surveyed 3,198

acres for high priority aquatic invasive species• 30 acres of giant hogweed were controlled and an additional 91.6 acres were surveyed for high priority

terrestrial invasives• 250 acres of invasives and 30 acres of honeysuckle at Ganondagan were mapped as part of Finger

Lakes Institute (FLI) USFS CWMA grant• 37 miles of trail were mapped for invasive species on the Finger Lakes National Forest as part of the FLI

US Forest Service Cooperative Weed Management Area grant• Facilitated Cayuga County Hydrilla verticillata task force, actively sought funds for treatment, worked with

USACE Hydrilla Collaborative and state and federal government to seek funds, and presented at various meetings on the need for funding.

*includes FLI Environmental Education Program data15

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Aquatic invasive species (AIS) generally include non-native plants, invertebrates, and fish that can impair local ecosystems, hinder local economies, and can directly harm human health. However, not all aquatic “weeds” are non-native, and even native vegetation can sometimes alter the food chains, chemistry, and ecosystem function of a waterbody, thus becoming a localized nuisance in certain conditions. Both nuisance and invasive aquatic vegetation alike can form dense beds that impair the enjoyment of the water resource by creating impediments to navigation for recreational watercraft and less desirable swimming conditions. Additionally, once uprooted, these beds can wash up on the shore and the resulting odor during their decomposition can be very unpleasant.

There are many ecological benefits that native aquatic vegetation can provide. In fact, maintaining diverse and healthy levels of aquatic plant populations is critically important to maintaining the overall health of Cayuga Lake. As stated in the publication Aquatic Weeds: Nuisance and Necessity- Managing Weeds in Cayuga, Owasco and Seneca Lakes published by the Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, “Aquatic plants provide important living space and shelter for fish and small animals called invertebrates, a group that includes aquatic insects, snails, and crustaceans. Bass, sunfish, and yellow perch nest in areas where plants are growing. Northern pike spawn in marshy and vegetated areas that flood in early spring. Young fish, frogs and salamanders hide from predatory fish and birds in aquatic plants. This, coupled with the abundant food supply, makes these important nursery areas. Many birds and mammals, including muskrats, use sturdy native plants like cattails and rushes for nest and den-building.”16 The authors of this publication further emphasize the importance of the ecology of a lake and the balance between fish and plant life by stating “Areas with plants, especially diverse native species, produce more food for fish and waterfowl than unvegetated areas. Plants are the primary producers in the aquatic food chain, harnessing the energy of the sun and making it available to creatures such as insect larvae, snails, and other invertebrates that lack chlorophyll. Here are some ways plants support animal life:

• Ducks and geese eat the seeds, leaves and tubers of plants such as pondweeds, bulrushes, arrowhead, eel grass and duckweed. Songbirds consume the seeds of tall shoreline plants.

• Otters, brooding hens and migrating waterfowl feed on insect larvae, snails and freshwater shrimp that thrive in shoreline plant beds.

• Muskrats graze on cattails, water lilies, sedges, and grasses. They may occasionally eat mussels, shrimp, and small fish that lurk in the weedy shallows.

• Turtles munch on water lilies, cattails, Elodea, grasses and the small invertebrates that thrive in weed beds.

• Tadpoles feed on loose bits of plants (detritus) and algae. For adults, frog fare includes small aquatic invertebrates that find harbor in the weeds.

• Bluegill sunfish devour aquatic plants in addition to insects and crustaceans that flourish in the vegetation. • Insects cling to leaves and stems using them as feeding stations, resting places and attachment for

overwintering cocoons and eggs.”17

In addition to the benefits to wildlife that aquatic plants provide, there are direct benefits to land owners as well. Aquatic plants “...reduce pollution and protect your property. Cattails, rushes and bulrushes absorb and break down polluting chemicals, improving water quality. These and other strongly rooted plants reinforce the shoreline and hold soil in place. Floating plants and those that rise above the water’s surface dampen

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the force of waves and further reduce erosion. Plants improve water clarity in three ways. Leaves and stems act as filters that trap silt and organic particles. Underwater plants hold down sediment and reduce sediment re-suspended caused by wave action, motorboats and currents. They remove nutrients that could otherwise feed algae.”18

It is important to fight back against invasive species that can spread quickly and take over a waterbody by choking out native plants and fish; but it is just as important to recognize the benefits that native plants bring to Cayuga Lake for all of the reasons stated above, and to make sure that these aquatic plants are not over harvested and removed from the lake’s ecosystem.

Aquatic Invasive VertebratesIn addition to the invasive aquatic plants, there are several invasive aquatic fish/shellfish that have also been found in Cayuga Lake. These species include the round goby, bloody red shrimp, zebra mussels, quagga mussels, and faucet snails. The Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development (CCPED) and the Finger Lakes Institute received a grant from the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative through the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; and in 2012 Watershed Assessment Associates, LLC completed a study titled the 2012 Eastern Finger Lakes Benthic Aquatic Invertebrate Assessment which assessed the health of the macroinvertebrate communities of the Eastern Finger Lakes and identified new aquatic species of concern.19 In July of 2012, CCPED Environmental Planner Michele Wunderlich reported on the iMapInvasives website that her consultant collected found both quagga mussels and zebra mussels close to shore in Springport Cove.20 These samples were confirmed by the U.S. Geological Survey through their Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Program. The round goby, bloody red shrimp, and faucet snail have been discovered in other areas of the lake by other researchers.

Round goby21

Round GobyOne of the most problematic aquatic invasive vertebrates in Cayuga Lake is the round goby fish. According to the Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, in August 2013 the round goby, a small, invasive fish species, was confirmed to be present in Cayuga Lake by the Department of Environmental Conservation. “While gobies have been present in the Great Lakes since the early 1990’s, this is the first population to be found in Cayuga Lake. Gobies are small, typicallybetween 3-6 inches long, though some have been known to be as long as 10 inches”.22 Round gobies are typically bottom-dwelling fish, but have been known to steal bate from fishing lines and can be unintentionally caught by anglers. “Once established in a waterbody, gobies can displace native fish, eat their eggs and young, take over optimal habitat, spawn multiple times per season, and survive in poor water quality”.23 Researchers have found that round gobies will feed on zebra mussels, another aquatic invasive vertebrate, but not to a level where the mussels can be eradicated because gobies cannot eat the largest zebra mussels or get to those that are lodged between rocks. According to Michigan Sea Grant, the potential does exist to help control the spread and proliferation of round gobies by gamefish like smallmouth bass, yellow perch, and brown trout that have adapted their diet to prey on the gobies.

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Bloody Red ShrimpIn September of 2014, students from the Hobart and William Smith Colleges discovered the presence of bloody red shrimp in several locations on both the east and west side of Cayuga Lake. The shrimp were first introduced into the Great Lakes by commercial fishing vessels, and are well established in Seneca Lake and areas of the Erie Canal east of Oneida Lake. While these tiny shrimp (1 – 1 ½ inch in size) haven’t been found to be harmful to humans, the shrimp eat plankton and algae which are also food for sport fish larvae and other native organisms. Scientists have not found evidence of severe damage to waterbodies from the presence of these shrimp, but like with all non-native species, they do create competition for habitat areas and food sources.

Bloody red shrimp under magnification24

Zebra MusselsAccording to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: “Zebra mussels have disrupted the traditional aquatic food chains of many inland lakes. Regardless of their size, inland lakes represent unique ecological systems. When zebra mussels enter into these fragile systems, their voracious filter feeding depletes the availability of microscopic organisms that play a critical part in each lake's ecological food web. As a result, valued sportfish are impacted. Zebra mussels consume considerable amounts of these beneficial microscopic organisms and this creates less food for larval and juvenile fishes that support sport and commercial fisheries. Zebra mussels get their name from the striped pattern of their shells. However, the pattern varies greatly to where there are no stripes, only dark or light colored shells. Zebra mussels can grow to a maximum length of about 50 mm (5-10 mm in the first year) and live four to five years“.25

Zebra mussels on a stick26

Quagga MusselsQuagga mussels are native to Ukraine and were first discovered in the Great Lakes near Port Colborne in Lake Erie in 1989. Like zebra mussels, quagga mussels can alter the food chain in a water body by over filtering the water and consuming the plankton that other native species rely on for food; and like zebra mussels, quagga mussels are often found near water-intake and drainage pipes on boats and municipal water systems. If left unchecked, these mussels can clog up these pipes and overwhelm in-take and discharge systems; and in large quantities can have a devastating effect on the ecology and health of a waterbody.

Adult quagga mussel27

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Faucet SnailsFaucet snails are tiny, adults are generally less than 1/2 inch long, aquatic snails native to Europe that were first introduced in the Great Lakes region on shipping vessels in the late 1870s. These snails, like both the zebra and quagga mussels will attach themselves to stable hard surfaces including ship ballasts and water in-take/discharge pipes. They are particularly harmful to waterfowl since these snails are an intermediate host for three types of intestinal trematodes (parasitic flatworms) that cause mortality in ducks that feed on them. These snails have not been found to be harmful to either fish or humans, just waterfowl.

Faucet snails attached to a rock28

Aquatic Invasive Plants and AlgaeAquatic invasive plants have become problematic for areas in Cayuga Lake as well, particularly Hydrilla verticillatum (the weed commonly known as Hydrilla or water thyme). The following are the types of invasive aquatic plants that have been found in various locations around Cayuga Lake.

Eurasian WatermilfoilEurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicaum) is an aquatic plant that generally stays submerged under the water’s surface that is rooted into the bottom of the waterbody (lake, pond, etc.) that it is found in. The plants grows rapidly and creates dense plant beds that block sunlight for other plants and animals living below it. Watermilfoil typically grows in areas of water that are between 3-13 feet deep, but has been found in water as deep as 33 feet. “Conventional control efforts such as mechanical harvesting have been unsuccessful in providing more than short-term relief. The use of herbicides

Eurasian watermilfoil29

have been found to suppress regrowth for six weeks to a year but have considerable negative effects on non-target organisms. Further, since harvesting inevitably results in the release of milfoil fragments, the harvesting process itself may be responsible for spreading the plant to uninfested areas.”30

HydrillaHydrilla is an aggressively invasive aquatic weed that spreads readily to produce dense green mats across wide expanses. “In mid-August 2011 Hydrilla verticillata was found infesting 166 acres in the Cayuga Inlet, which drains to Cayuga Lake’s southern end in Ithaca. Along with chemical treatments in 2011 and 2012, the Hydrilla Task Force of the Cayuga Lake Watershed developed a long-term eradication and monitoring plan. If hydrilla spreads up Cayuga Lake and north through Mud Lock, or to other lakes, the entire Great Lakes region is at risk”.31 Hydrilla can fill and choke waterbodies at depths up to 30 feet deep.

Close-up of hydrilla stem and leaves32

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On September 13, 2016 hydrilla was discovered by the Cayuga Lake Floating Classroom just south of a dock owned by Wells College near the mouth of Little Creek in the Village of Aurora (approx. 7 miles south of the Village of Union Springs as the crow flies). Representatives from the Hydrilla Task Force, part of the Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, the Finger Lakes Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management (PRISM), and environmental planners from the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development

Stems and leaves of hydrilla33

responded quickly to this finding, working with local residents during several “hydrilla hunts” to identify the extent of the spread of this aquatic invasive plant. As of December 2016, preliminary testing and analysis of samples determined that the “patch” of weeds discovered in the Village of Aurora is nearly 30 acres in size and appears to be much older than originally thought...with plants as old as 4-5 years. Plans are being formalized to control the hydrilla found in this location to keep it from spreading further. All three agencies along with their partners in the municipalities and counties surrounding Cayuga Lake have stepped up their efforts to educate and empower the public to be diligent and proactive to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive plants and to report anything that they think may be suspicious.

Hydrilla identification34

Native Lookalikes

Hydrilla is often confused with the common native

water weed, Elodea Canadensis, which has

whorls of 3 smooth-edged leaves as opposed to

whorls of 4 to 10 serrated and spined leaves.

Line art: University of Florida Center for Aquatic Plants35

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Purple LoosestrifePurple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is a tall perennial invasive plant with purple flowers that is found in many different habitats with wet soils including lakeshores, ponds, along river and stream banks, marshes/wetlands, and along ditches. In Cayuga County, purple loosestrife is most noticeable along farm-field and ditch edges in agricultural areas that are not drained well. This plant has been known to adapt to drier areas and take over pastures and open brush areas as well. Large stands of this plant can clog waterways and deprive native wildlife of habitat and food. “Purple loosestrife is a perennial, with a dense, woody rootstock that can produce dozens of stems. Shoot emergence and seed germination occurs as early as late-April, and flowering begins by mid-June. Seedlings grow rapidly, and first year plants can reach nearly a meter in height and may even produce flowers. The flowers are insect pollinated, principally by nectar feeders like bees and butterflies. Seed development begins by late July and continues throughout the season and into autumn. A single plant can produce over 2 million seeds.”36

Stand of mature purple loosestrife37

Purple loosestrife flowers in full bloom38

Rock Snot (Didymo)Rock snot (Didymosphenia geminate) is an invasive single-celled algae that is threatening waters in streams and rivers in New York State. This algae attaches itself to rocks at the bottom of creeks and rivers; and secretes thick, branching stalks outside its cells that form dense tangled mats. In some cases, these mats can grow up to 8 inches thick and over ½ mile long, and can completely cover stream and river beds. Didymo was nicknamed rock snot for its sticky, gooey appearance when in full bloom. “Humans are largely responsible for the recent and prolific spread of didymo beyond its historical range. The microscopic diatoms can cling to fishing gear, waders, boots, and boats, and are capable of surviving at least 40 days outside of a stream as long as they remain in a damp, cool environment. Felt-soled wading boots are major vectors of didymo as the soles absorb cells like a sponge and provide a temporary habitat for the didymo cells until an angler visits a new site. As a result, natural resource agencies as well as fishing organizations and supply stores like Trout Unlimited and L.L. Bean have promoted non-felt wading boot alternatives.”39

Rock snot40

Rock snot bloom41

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Water ChestnutThe water chestnut (Trapa natans) is an aquatic invasive plant native to Europe that was first discovered in the waters of the Northeastern United States in the late 1800s. This plant spread rapidly throughout New York State and New England, quickly taking over calmer freshwater waterbodies like lakes, ponds, and slow moving streams or rivers. The plants, while individually rooted, have been found in Cayuga Lake and other smaller lakes in the Finger Lakes region growing in clusters where the individual rosettes float close enough together to mimic large floating mats, choking out sun light for native plants which leads to

Floating water chestnut rosettes42

Water chestnut is a rooted annual aquatic herb that dies at the end of each growing season. Re-growth occurs in the spring from seeds that fall to the bottom of the waterbody when the parent plant dies in the fall. Each seed can produce between 10 and 15 submerged and floating leaves that terminate in the floating rosettes shown below. Each rosette can produce up to 20 hard fruits. Each fruit of the water chestnut, which first start to appear in July and are fully ripe in about a month, contain a single seed. “Population overwintering is accomplished through mature, greenish brown nuts sinking to the bottom where they can

severe consequences for fish and other aquatic species. The nearly impenetrable mats of floating water chestnut create a hazard for boaters and other water re-creators. “The density of the mats can severely limit light penetration into the water and reduce or eliminate the growth of native aquatic plants beneath the canopy. The reduced plant growth combined with the decomposition of the water chestnut plants which die back each year can result in reduced levels of dissolved oxygen in the water, impact other aquatic organisms, and potentially lead to fish kills. The rapid and abundant growth of water chestnut can also out-compete both submerged and emergent native aquatic vegetation.”43

Water chestnut rosette showing nuts and inflated leaf petioles44

remain viable in the sediment for up to 12 years. Some seeds, however, or plant parts (floating rosettes) that still contain nuts, may be moved downstream in currents. Ducks, geese and other waterfowl may also play a role in the nuts’ dispersal (the spiny nuts have been observed tangled in the feathers of Canada geese). Old nuts, black in color, will float, and are not viable. When deposited in shallow water or on the shore, water chestnut nuts can lead to injuries if stepped on.”45

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Table 41: Invasive Insects and Terrestrial Plants

Species Name Threat To Image

INSE

CTS

Emerald Ash Borer(Agrilus planipennis)46

Ash Trees(wood boring beetle that feeds on and eventually

kills ash trees)

Hemlock Wooly Adelgid(Adelges tsugae)47

Hemlock Trees(aphid-like insect that feeds on plant tissue under hemlock needles causing needles and branches

to die)

Sirex Woodwasp(Sirex noctilio)48

Pine Trees- all species(females inject a toxic mucus and fungus that

weakens the trunk for larvae to feed on. Trees are weakened and often die)

Spotted Wing Drosophilia(Drosophila suzukii)49

Fruit & Berries(vinegar fly that lays eggs in ripening fruit, larvae

feed on the fruit)

TERR

ESTR

IAL P

LANT

S

Buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica)50

Native Shrubs & Soybeans(plant forms thick hedges that block light for other

native species; host for crown rust fungus and Asian soybean aphid)

Canada Thistle(Cirsium arvense)51

Agricultural Fields & Open Areas(aggressive competitor for light, nutrients,

and moisture; infestations in farm fields can significantly reduce yields)

Garlic Mustard(Alliaria petiolata)52

Forest Floors and Natural Areas(forms dense stands that choke out native plants in the understory by controlling light, water, and

nutrient resources)

Insects & Terrestrial Plants While much of the discussion on invasive species centers around aquatic species, there are several invasive insects and terrestrial plants that have been found throughout the Finger Lakes area that can alter water quality, food chains, and negatively impact human health. Basic information and photographs for these species can be found in Table 41 below; and more detailed information is available online from the New York Invasive Species Information website (http://nyis.info/index.php).

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Table 41: Invasive Insects and Terrestrial Plants (Continued)


TERR

ESTR

IAL P

LANT

S

Giant Hogweed(Heracleum

mantegazziaum)53

Native Plants & Humans(dense stands crowd out slower growing plants,

the thick canopy displacing native plants that need direct sunlight to grow; skin contact with

leaves or stems produces severe burns, blisters, and open sores)

Honeysuckle(Lonicera)54

Farm-Fields, Forest Floors, Floodplains & Road Right-of-Ways

(4 species are invasive in NY: Morrow’s, Tatarian, Amur, and Japanese; all form very dense

populations that can outcompete and suppress the growth of native plant species)

Japanese Knotweed(Polygonum cuspidatum)55

Native Plants & Built Structures(spreads rapidly, forming dense thickets that crowd and shade out native vegetation, roots have rhizomes that are hard to eradicate and often remain in the ground after pulling up the

plant, can cause structural damage to buildings by uprooting foundations and pushing through walls)

Japanese Stiltgrass(Microstegium vimineum)56

Natural Areas(replaces native vegetation in a wide range of

ecosystems including forested floodplains, forest edges, stream banks, fields, trails, and ditches)

Japanese Virgin’s Bower(Clematis terniflora)57

Natural Areas(aggressive ornamental flowering vine that will

take over and choke out native species)

Kudzu(Pueraria montana)58

Native Shrubs & Trees(aggressive vine that kills native plants and trees by crowing them out, out-competing for food and

light, and physically crushing them)

Leafy Spurge(Euphorbia esula)59

Grasslands, Riparian Areas & Dry Meadows(aggressive perennial weed that is unpalatable

to cattle and the toxic sap can cause severe intestinal problems in cows and horses)

Lesser Celandine(Ficaria verna)60

Native Forest Floor Coverings(emerges earlier than most native plants,

therefore inhibiting the growth and development of native and endangered species like trillium and

bloodroot that pollinators [bees] rely on)

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Table 41: Invasive Insects and Terrestrial Plants (Continued)


TERR

ESTR

IAL P

LANT

S

Mile-a-Minute Weed(Persicaria perfoliata)61

Native Shrubs & Trees(vigorous, barbed vine that smothers other plants, shrubs, and trees by growing over them; can grow

6 inches a day forming dense mats that stress and weakens covered plants)

Mugwort(Artemesia vulgaris)62

Field-Grown Ornamental Crops & Orchards(small root fragments easily contaminate nursery

stock, displaces native species, and disrupts succession in natural ecosystems)

Multiflora Rose(Rosa multiflora)63

Native Shrubs & Open Areas(forms dense thickets, invades fence rows, right-of-ways, roadsides, and margins of swamps and

marshes)

Wild Parsnip(Pastinaca sativa)64

Farm Fields, Meadows, and Humans(can quickly and easily take over open fields. Skin contact with leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits on sunny days produces severe burns and blisters)

Wineberry(Rubus phoenicilasius)65

Native Shrubs & Habitat(forms dense, impenetrable thickets in natural

areas; thorny bush similar to native raspberry and blackberry species)

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Citations1. Poem “Our Home” signed N.L.A. Nellie Larman Anthony. Date unknown. http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures_9/00000911.jpg2. Indiana Geological Survey- Surficial Geology webpage. Available at: https://igs.indiana.edu/Surficial/#gsc.tab=0 3. Presentation to the Town of Victory by Engineer Bruce Natale (April, 2013).4. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory, Ecological Services. Wetland decoder webpage. Available at: http://107.20.228.18/decoders/wetlands.aspx 5. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory, Ecological Services. Wetland decoder webpage. Available at: http://107.20.228.18/decoders/wetlands.aspx 6. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory, Ecological Services. Wetland decoder webpage. Available at: http://107.20.228.18/decoders/wetlands.aspx 7. Aerial photograph taken by Bill Hecht, November 2015. Provided to CCPED by Bill Hecht directly via email October 17, 2017.8. Aerial photograph of Mill Pond by Bill Hecht. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures522/DJI00350-2-small.jpg9. Blackchin Shiner photograph by John Lyons. Available at: http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/home/Default.aspx?tabid=605&FishID=1310. Lake Sturgeon photograph by Todd Stailey. Available at: http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/fish/lake-sturgeon 11. Northern Long-eared Bat photograph by Phil Swanson. Available at: http://www.pabiologicalsurvey.org/photo-album/northern-long-eared-bat.html12. Cooper’s Milkvetch photograph by Stephen M. Young. Available at: http://acris.nynhp.org/guide.php?id=903313. Handsome Sedge photograph by Emmet Judziewicz. Available at: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/EndangeredResources/Plants.asp?mode=detail&SpecCode=PMCYP034Y014. Smooth Scouring Rush available at: http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Fern%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/equisetum%20laevigatum.htm15. Finger Lakes PRISM: Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management 2017-2018 Annual Report. Page 3. Available at: http://fingerlakesinvasives.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/2017_2018AnnualReport_Final.pdf16. Aquatic Weeds: Nuisance and Necessity- Managing Weeds in Cayuga, Owasco and Seneca Lakes. Cayuga Lake Watershed Network. July 9, 2009. Page 4. Available at: http://www.cayugacounty.us/Portals/0/wqma/lakeissues/Aquatic_Weeds_Nuisance_and_Necessity.pdf 17. Aquatic Weeds: Nuisance and Necessity- Managing Weeds in Cayuga, Owasco and Seneca Lakes. Cayuga Lake Watershed Network. July 9, 2009. Page 4 and 5. Available at: http://www.cayugacounty.us/Portals/0/wqma/lakeissues/Aquatic_Weeds_Nuisance_and_Necessity.pdf 18. Aquatic Weeds: Nuisance and Necessity- Managing Weeds in Cayuga, Owasco and Seneca Lakes. Cayuga Lake Watershed Network. July 9, 2009. Page 5. Available at: http://www.cayugacounty.us/Portals/0/wqma/lakeissues/Aquatic_Weeds_Nuisance_and_Necessity.pdf 19. Information on Cayuga County’s efforts to control invasive species and access to the 2012 Eastern Finger Lakes Benthic Aquatic Invertebrate Assessment is available from the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development.20. iMapInvasives website for New York State. Data on the collection of samples by Michele Wunderlich for Quagga Mussels available at: http://login.imapinvasives.org/nyimi/observation/NY-320947U/ and for Zebra Mussels at: http://login.imapinvasives.org/nyimi/observation/NY-320948U/ 21. Round Goby Photo by Donald Jude, CLGAS, Univ. of Mich., 1998. Available at: http://www.protectyourwaters.net/hitchhikers/fish_round_goby.php 22. Cayuga Lake Watershed Network: http://www.cayugalake.org/the-invasive-round-goby.html 23. Michigan Sea Grant: http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/explore/native-and-invasive-species/species/fish-species-in-michigan-and-the-great-lakes/round-goby/24. Blood Red Shrimp image by NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/cmcrissman/plankton-station-1047308 25. Information on zebra mussels on the “Harmful Aquatic Hitchhikers” page of the Protect Your Waters website. Available at: http://www.protectyourwaters.net/hitchhikers/mollusks_zebra_mussel.php 26. Zebra mussels on a stick photo by Simon van Mechelen University of Amsterdam, 1990. NOAA, Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab. Available at: http://www.protectyourwaters.net/hitchhikers/mollusks_zebra_mussel.php30.

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27. Adult quagga mussel photograph by Amy Benson, U.S. Geological Survey. Available at: https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/quagga_child.shtml28. Faucet snail photograph available at: http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/invasives/aquaticanimals/faucet_snail/index.html29. Eurasian watermilfoil photograph by Barry Rice. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=27 30. New York Invasive Species Information, Eurasian watermilfoil webpage. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=27 31. Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Hydrilla Information & Action webpage: http://www.cayugalake.org/hydrilla-resources.html 32. Image of close-up of H. verticillata stem and leaves. Photo by Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft. Available at: http://www.nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=1633. Image of stems and leaves of Hydrilla. Photo by David J. Moorhead, University of Georgia. Available at: http://www.nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=16 34. Hydrilla identification illustration by the Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, October 3, 2012. Available at: http://www.nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=16 35. Hydrilla native lookalikes illustration by the University of Florida Center for Aquatic Plants. Available at: http://www.nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=16 36. New York Invasive Species Information, Purple Loosestrife webpage. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=6437. Purple loosestrife photograph by Lesley J. Mehrhoff. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=64 38. Purple loosestrife photograph by Lesley J. Mehrhoff. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=6439. New York Invasive Species Information, Rock Snot, Didymo webpage. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=4040. Photograph of a Didymo bloom observed in Esopus Creek near Mt. Tremper, NY. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=40 41. Photograph of a Didymo bloom. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=40 42. Water Chestnut image by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut. Available at: https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/waterchestnut.shtml 43. New York Invasive Species Information, Water Chestnut webpage. Available at: http://nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=39 44. Water Chestnut rosette showing nuts ad inflated leaf petioles image available at: http://nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=39 45. New York Invasive Species Information, Water Chestnut webpage. Available at: http://nyis.info/?action=invasive_detail&id=3946. Emerald Ash Borer image available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=eab# 47. Hemlock Wooly Adelgid infestation image by Mark Whitmore. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=24 48. Sirex Woodwasp photograph by Vicky Klasmer. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=47 49. Spotted Wing Drosophila photograph by Hannah Burrack. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=59 50. Buckthorn photograph available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=20 51. Canada Thistle photograph by Jan Samanek. Available at: http://www.maine.gov/dacf/php/gotpests/weeds/canada-thistle.htm 52. Garlic-Mustard image by Anne Tanne. Available at: http://www.wildflowersearch.com/search?&tsn=184481 53. Giant Hogweed photographs by Terry English and Thomas B. Denholm. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=4554. Amur Honeysuckle photograph available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=44 55. Japanese Knotweed photograph by Tom Heutte. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=43 56. Japanese Stiltgrass image by John Hilty. Available at: http://www.wildflowersearch.com/search?&tsn=503829 57. Japanese Virgin’s Bower image by Anne McCormack. Available at: http://www.wildflowersearch.com/search?&tsn=1871258. Kudzu photograph by Robert L. Anderson. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=60 59. Leafy Spurge image available at: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/plants/pestmanagement/weedcontrol/noxiouslist/leafyspurge.aspx60. Lesser Celandine photograph by Leslie J. Mehrhoff. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=71 61. Mile-A-Minute Weed photograph by Leslie J. Mehrhoff. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=31




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62. Mugwort photograph available at: https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/common-mugwort63. Multiflora Rose photograph by James H. Miller. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=3364. Wild Parsnip photograph by Leslie J. Mehrhoff. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=6165. Wineberry photograph by Leslie J. Mehrhoff. Available at: http://nyis.info/index.php?action=invasive_detail&id=65

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B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

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CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

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EVER

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N ST

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OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

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MENZ

IE LN

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MADISON AVE

BACK

US R

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CAYU

GA S

T

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CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

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RD

SPRINGPORT COVE RD

SALEM ST

GREEN ST

BASIN ST

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Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e



Source: NYS Museum / NYS Geological Survey. 1999. Statewide Bedrock Geology - Finger Lakes Sheet. Digital data derived from 1:250,000 scale map.

Bedrock Units Closest to the Surface

Akron Dolostone

Port Ewen Formation

Oriskany Sandstone

Onondaga Limestone

Marcellus Formation

Map 15

Bedrock Geology


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Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 16

Surficial Geology

Source: NYS Museum / NYS Geological Survey. 1999. Statewide Surficial Geology - Finger Lakes Sheet. Digital data derived from 1:250,000 scale map.

Lacustrine Silt and Clay

Till

Till Moraine



B?90

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Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 17

Wetlands


New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 1999. Regulatory Freshwater Wetlands - New York State.

Sources:

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2014. National Wetlands Inventory - Wetlands.

Additional wetlands mapped by the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service

Regulatory wetlands mapped by the New YorkState Department of Environmental Conservation

StreamsClass and Standard Designations

C - Supports fisheries and suitable fornon-contact activities



B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

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USA WAY

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OAK DRIVE EXT

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Development

Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 18

Flood Hazard Areas

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2007.Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database, Cayuga County.

Areas in which there is a 0.2 % chanceof flooding in a given year

Areas in which there is a 1% or greaterchance of flooding in a given year



CAY

UG

A ST

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Map prepared by:



0 50 100 150 200Feet

Map 19

Flood Hazard AreasDowntown Union Springs

Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2007.Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM) Database, Cayuga County.


Areas in which there is a 0.2 % chanceof flooding in a given year

Areas in which there is a 1% or greaterchance of flooding in a given year



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OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

QUAR

RY R

D

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BURCHMAN DR

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E 90

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GA S

T

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RD

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Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 20

Topography

Source: Cayuga County GIS. Contour data created by Sanborn Mapping Company using airborn LIDAR data and traditional photogrammetric methods. 2000.

Note: Elevation contour data is not available for Frontenac Island.

Municipal BoundariesHarbor Management Plan Area BoundaryWaterfront Revitalization Area Boundary

20 ft Contour4 ft Contour


B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

CENTER ST

SPRING ST

HOMER ST

USA WAY

PARK ST

BACKUS RD

HILLVIEW DR

OAK DR

SEMINARY ST

NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

ROUTE 90

SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

OLD ROUTE 326

CROSS RD

ANTHONY ST

SCHOBEY ST

DILDINE RD

QUAR

RY R

D

BURCHMAN DR

EVER

GREE

N ST

TROYS MARINA

KOZY KOVE RD

OAK DRIVE EXT

SUNSET HILL

CHASE AVE

MENZ

IE LN

HIBISCUS HARBOR LN

MADISON AVE

BACK

US R

D

ROUTE 90

CAYU

GA S

T

MCDONALDS POINT RD

CHAPEL ST

FOX LN

CREAMERY RD

HOWLAND STBA

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GREEN ST

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FACTORY ST

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Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 21

Percent Slope0% to 3%

3% to 8%

8% to 15%

15% to 25%

>25%

Source: Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016. County Geographic Information System (GIS) database. Slope calculations based on GIS analysis of 10-meter digital elevation model (DEM) data distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey.



B?90

B?326 ROUTE 326

CREAGER RD

GROVE ST

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USA WAY

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OAK DR

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NUMBER 1 RD

ARNOLD ST

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SPRING STREET RD

SOUTH DR

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CROSS RD

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Map prepared by:



UNION SPRINGS

FrontenacIsland

SpringportCove

McDonaldsPoint

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000Feet

C a y u g a L a k e

Map 22

Ponds and Streams


Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016. County Geographic Information System (GIS) database.

U.S. Geological Survey. 2016. The National Hydrographic Dataset (NHD).

Sources:

NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Division of Water, Bureau of Water Assessment and Monitoring. 2010. Water Quality Classifications (WQC).

StreamsClass and Standard Designations

C - Supports fisheries and suitable fornon-contact activities





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2.13 SUMMARY OF ISSUES & OPPORTUNITIESThe following is a list of current issues and opportunities regarding future development, use, and preservation of areas within the Waterfront Revitalization Area. These issues and opportunities were identified through the results of the community-wide survey that was conducted for this plan; and during the research and analysis of existing conditions by the staff of the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development.

Issues• McDonald Point is one of few largely undeveloped areas in the WRA. This area has the potential to

become densely developed with new residential lots like many other adjacent areas along the waterfront. The loss of pristine undeveloped waterfront and natural areas that currently exist on this land would be devastating to the community and those that enjoy the scenic views of this area from both land and water.

• Residents often complain of gathering boats and rafts in Springport Cove during the summer months for parties. These parties create excessive noise late into the night, and littering in that area of the lake. These parties disturb the residents of this densely populated cove.

• Night fishing with spot lights close to the shore in developed residential areas sometimes disturbs residents. Shoreline residents have reported that lights from boats are often shone on properties and in some cases into homes.

• Speed boats and jet-skis don’t respect swimmers and non-power boats, creating large wakes, near-collisions, and leading to safety concerns. Speed limits around boat launches, docks, and the shoreline are rarely enforced. Power boats that come in and out of these areas at unsafe speeds cause safety hazards for canoes and kayaks.

• The rules for removing aquatic vegetation from boats and trailers are rarely enforced, especially during fishing tournaments when there is more traffic in and out of the water and the contamination risk is higher.

• Aquatic weeds are clogging up the shoreline in residential areas and more needs to be done to remove excessive weed growth, particularly with those weeds that are invasive.

• The historic business district in the Village of Union Springs looks run-down. Sidewalks, curbs, trees, lighting, and buildings need to be improved.

• The lack of viable businesses (jobs) in this the WRA and surrounding village area limits the scope and success of this LWRP program.

Opportunities• The Mill Building and North Pond area could be improved/restored and used for any combination of the

following uses: recreation, a historical center, relocation of the village offices, or appropriate commercial use.

• The RotoSalt property adjacent to Frontenac Park should be considered for an adaptive reuse site that preserves the buildings, but allows for commercial use of the building(s) for an appropriate use like: a waterfront brewpub or family restaurant. The remaining land should become part of the village park and provide more access to the water for the community.

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• Streetscape improvement and building facade improvements could be made to enhance the appearance of downtown and the historic business district to create a more inviting setting for local shoppers and tourists. The sidewalk system could be upgraded by replacing sidewalks and curbing throughout downtown and by extending sidewalks down side streets to provide safe pedestrian access to the waterfront where possible. Crosswalks could be improved and new marked crosswalks added at intersections in downtown to provide a more pedestrian friendly environment.

• The wetland and wooded areas of McDonalds Point could be placed under a conservation easement that prevents future residential or commercial development but allows for low-impact development of trails (possibly elevated boardwalks with wildlife observation areas) for public use.

• New or expanded businesses in the waterfront revitalization are that are desired by residents and visitors include: restaurants (waterfront dinning and family dinning, local retail shopping, lodging options, a small pharmacy, a liquor store, additional waterfront tourism options.

• Explore ways to either separate the combined sanitary sewer and storm water system or to upgrade it to handle large rapid flows from storm events. This will minimize the potential overflow and flooding from large rainfall events that lead to the possibility of untreated water or sewage entering the lake.

• To date, the village does not have regulations or local laws for shoreline protection, watershed protection, or for the preservation of steep slopes. Adoption of design guidelines, shoreline and steep slope protection regulations would improve the regulatory framework, pertaining to downtown and waterfront revitalization for the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area.

• Capitalize on tourism by increasing the number of restaurants and family food choices in the area, particularly in downtown. Encourage the development of more, as well as a better variety of small retail stores that cater both to year round residents and to seasonal tourists. Improve recreational opportunities and lodging options for tourists. The village should also align their projects with the following County Tourism Office’s key initiatives:

a. Encourage, develop and promote unique local culinary experiences especially the Finger Lakes Sweet Treat Trail, wineries, breweries & farm-to-table;

b. Maintain the Boomer market, while growing the Gen-X and Gen-Y markets; c. Promote shoulder seasons; and d. Continue regional partnerships and seek new alliances and co-op opportunities.

• Redevelopment of Frontenac Park will identify needed upgrades, plan and design future enhancements, and ensure that the community and visitors are able to enjoy active and passive activities at the park as well as spectacular views of the lake.

• With the increase in tourism and local use of the waterfront area, an expanded grocery store that provides a larger variety of goods and a pharmacy would be a welcomed improvement in the community for both residents and visitors.

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SECTION 3: WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PROGRAM POLICIES

3.1 INTRODUCTIONPursuant to the Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act, the Village of Union Springs LWRP policies presented in this section reflect existing State laws and authorities, and consider the economic, environmental, and cultural characteristics of the Union Springs waterfront. These policies balance economic development and conservation to permit beneficial use of and to prevent adverse effects on local waterfront resources. The Village of Union Springs LWRP policies will be incorporated into the evaluation of all proposed actions within the WRA. These policies are also the basis for State consistency determinations for activities affecting the Village of Union Springs WRA. These policies are organized under four general categories as outlined below. The icon included with each category is utilized in Section 4- Proposed Land and Water Uses and Proposed Projects as a way to link each proposed project back to the Program Policies.

DEVELOPED WATERFRONT POLICIESPolicy 1 Foster a pattern of development in the waterfront area that enhances community character, preserves open space, makes efficient use of infrastructure, makes beneficial use of a waterfront location, and minimizes adverse effects of development.Policy 2 Preserve historic resources of the waterfront area.Policy 3 Enhance visual quality and protect scenic resources in the waterfront area.

NATURAL WATERFRONT POLICIESPolicy 4 Minimize loss of life, structures, and natural resources from flooding and erosion.Policy 5 Protect and improve water quality and supply in the waterfront area.Policy 6 Protect and restore the quality and function of the ecosystems within the waterfront area.Policy 7 Protect and improve air quality in the waterfront area.Policy 8 Minimize environmental degradation in the waterfront area from solid waste and hazardous substances and wastes.

PUBLIC WATERFRONT POLICIESPolicy 9 Provide for public access to, and recreational use of, waterfront waters, public lands, and public resources of the waterfront area.

WORKING WATERFRONT AREA POLICIESPolicy 10 Protect water-dependent uses and promote siting of new water-dependent uses in suitable locations.Policy 11 Promote sustainable use of living lacustrine or riverine resources in the waterfront area.Policy 12 Protect agricultural lands in the waterfront area.Policy 13 Promote efficient use and appropriate siting and design of energy production and storage and mineral extraction facilities, and associated infrastructure, to maximize efficiency and minimize potential or known harmful environmental impacts.

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3.2 DEVELOPED WATERFRONT POLICIES

Policy 1 Foster a pattern of development in the waterfront area that enhances community character, preserves open space, makes efficient use of infrastructure, makes beneficial use of a waterfront location, and minimizes adverse effects of development.The collection of natural, recreational, commercial, ecological, cultural, and aesthetic resources in the community, or landscape, defines its character; and the distribution of developed and open land establishes a pattern of human use that reflects an historic choice between economic development and preservation of waterfront resources. Development, public investment, and regulatory decisions should preserve open space and natural resources and sustain the historic waterfront communities as centers of activity.

This policy is intended to foster a development pattern that provides for the beneficial use of waterfront resources. The primary components of the desired development pattern are:

• Strengthening the Village of Union Springs community as a center of lakeshore activity;• Encouraging expansion of existing water-dependent uses;• Enhancing stable residential areas; and • Preserving open space.

The Village of Union Springs’ economy is predominately oriented toward tourism and recreation; and its waterfront is generally well developed, providing a multitude of residential properties. NYS Route 90, part of the Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway, runs north and south along the eastern boundary of the WRA and through the center of the Historic Business District, but does not provide direct access to the lakeshore. There is a mix of uses along the lakeshore such as public access and commercial development however; residential single-family development, both year-round and seasonal, is still the predominant use along the lakeshore. There are several opportunities within the village, particularly in downtown, to establish and expand retail and service industries to support the local residents and the seasonal transient population (summer tourists).

Policy 1.1 Concentrate new development and redevelopment in or adjacent to traditional waterfront communities. Downtown Union Springs is the central node of commercial development within the community. Together, the downtown and Frontenac Park area function as a social, civic, and entertainment center of the community. This area has the potential to support a strong tourism economy. Uses in this area range from the village’s municipal center and general commercial services that meet the needs of the community, to small tourism specialty shops and restaurants that cater to the influx of visitors; as well as the center for recreational activity between the public boat launch, marina, and Frontenac Park. The Village of Union Springs has not experienced redevelopment of the existing commercial buildings in downtown. Infrastructure, building, and streetscape improvements in the downtown area will help define and establish the community as a year-round commercial node. Concentrating development in the downtown area would serve local residents and those in neighboring communities while helping to expand the local tourism season beyond the summer months.

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The following shall apply in the WRA to ensure that new development strengthens and maintains the traditional character of the Village of Union Springs Historic Business District and lakefront area:

• Maintain traditional waterfront communities and ensure that development within these communities supports and is compatible with the character of the community;

• Focus public investment, actions, and assistance in waterfront redevelopment areas to reclaim unused waterfront land and brownfields for new purposes; and

• Locate new development where infrastructure is adequate or can be upgraded to accommodate new development.

Policy 1.2 Ensure that development or uses take appropriate advantage of their waterfront location.All new water-enhanced uses and developments shall relate to the unique qualities associated with a shoreline location, and consideration shall be given to whether a proposed use is appropriate for a specific shoreline location. Water-dependent uses are those uses that literally depend on the water for their operation as opposed to being just enhanced by a waterfront location. The land and water immediately adjacent to the shoreline should be retained wherever possibble for water-dependent uses and activities.

Consider the following criteria when determining if a water-enhanced use is appropriate along the shoreline, and it does not compete with any existing or proposed water-dependent use:

• The use would be sited and operated so that it does not interfere with or displace water-dependent uses;• The use reflects the unique qualities of a waterfront location through appropriate design and orientation;• The use would be sited in a manner which would not preclude future expansion of a water-dependent use;• The use would complement existing or proposed water-dependent uses and serve to draw more visitors to the

waterfront, thus supporting expanded water-dependent uses;• The use provides or maintains public views of the water; and• The use provides or utilizes existing connections to Frontenac Park, waterfront trails, and downtown Union Springs

where possible.

In addition to the criteria above, the village will allow the development of other uses that derive benefit from a waterfront location, such as residential uses, in appropriate locations; and avoid the development of uses on the waterfront which cannot by their nature derive economic benefit from a waterfront location. The intent of this policy is to: • Reserve the immediate waterfront for water-dependent uses and activities; • Accommodate water-enhanced uses where they are compatible with surrounding development, do not displace or

interfere with water-dependent uses, and reflect the unique qualities of a waterfront location through appropriate design and orientation;

• Allow other uses that derive benefit from a waterfront location, such as residential uses, in appropriate locations; and

• Avoid uses on the waterfront which cannot by their nature derive economic benefit from a waterfront location. Policy 1.3 Protect stable residential areas. The Village of Union Springs recognizes that some of the homes in residential areas in the WRA are in need of rehabilitation and protection from deterioration ranging from fairly minor routine maintenance items to full-

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scale renovation. Of particular importance to the aesthetic quality of the community is the maintenance of historical homes, both those that have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places and those that may still qualify for listing.

The village is also interested in maintaining the existing housing stock for its residents so as to not out-price properties for long-term residents and families that might desire to move to the community. The intent of this policy is to:• Maintain stable residential areas and allow for continued compatible residential and supporting development in or

adjacent to such areas.

Policy 1.4 Maintain and enhance natural areas, recreation, open space, and agricultural lands. The waterfront area includes several unique environmentally sensitive features along the shoreline and in natural areas such as a significant area of wetlands on McDonald Point, Frontenac Island, and the dams of North Pond and South Pond. These features, which should be protected, include wetlands, wildlife habitats, steep slopes, ponds, streams, and the lake itself. The village, state, and all involved agencies will work together to:

• Avoid the loss of economic, environmental, and aesthetic values associated with these areas; • Avoid expansion of infrastructure and services which would promote conversion of these areas to other uses;• Maintain and enhance natural, recreational, and open spaces;• Encourage the continuation of agricultural uses on existing agricultural lands; and• Encourage the development and expansion of agri-tourism businesses and activities.

Policy 1.5 Minimize adverse impacts of new development and redevelopment. To enhance community character and maintain and improve the quality of the natural and man-made environments of the community, potential adverse impacts on existing development, the natural environment, and the economy must be addressed and mitigated. Site plan review regulations, stormwater management controls, waterfront consistency review, and the State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) processes seek to minimize adverse environmental impacts. These regulatory processes shall be strictly and consistently administered and enforced so as to ensure the future protection of the integrity of the community. All potential projects in the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area will be reviewed for consistency with the policies of this LWRP.

Further, future development will be encouraged where adequate public infrastructure exists or can be provided. The local program will make every effort to coordinate and synchronize existing permit procedures and regulatory programs with the state in these areas, as long as the integrity of the regulations’ objectives is not jeopardized. All development should take place in such a way that community character, environmental quality, open space, and natural resources are preserved, and water-dependent uses are not displaced. The intent of this policy is to:

• Minimize any known or potential adverse land use, environmental, cultural, or economic impacts that would result from proposed development; and

• Minimize the potential for adverse impacts of types of development which individually may not result in a significant adverse environmental impact, but when taken together could lead to or induce subsequent significant adverse impacts.

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Policy 2 Preserve historic resources of the waterfront area.

Archaeological sites and historic structures are tangible links to the past development of a community providing a connection to past generations and events. This policy recognizes the importance of preserving and enhancing Union Springs’ historic and cultural resources.

The intent of this policy is to preserve the historic and archaeological resources of the waterfront area. Concern extends not only to the specific site or resource but to the area adjacent to and around specific sites or resources. The quality of adjacent areas is often critical to maintaining the quality and value of the resource. Effective preservation of historic resources must also include active efforts, when appropriate, to restore or revitalize. While the LWRP addresses all such resources within the waterfront area, it actively promotes preservation of historic, archaeological, and cultural resources that have a waterfront relationship. This policy is applicable to the historic resources identified in Section 2.

Policy 2.1 Maximize preservation and retention of historic resources. Development of any site with historic significance shall be in a manner that preserves any historic resources remaining on that site. Identified historic resources will be preserved, protected, and enhanced through the following:

• Preserve the historic character of the resource by protecting historic materials and features or by making repairs using appropriate materials;

• Provide for compatible use of the historic resource, while limiting and minimizing alterations to the resource;• Minimize the loss of historic resources or historic character when it is not possible to completely preserve the

resource;• Relocate historic structures only when the resource cannot be preserved in place;• Allow demolition only where alternatives for retention are not feasible;• Avoid potential adverse impacts of development on nearby historic resources;• Protect historic resources that are listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places; and• Promote the designation of historic landmarks that reflect the Cayuga Lake area’s cultural, social, economic, and/

or architectural history.

Policy 2.2 Protect and preserve archaeological resources. The intent of this policy is to prohibit the appropriation of any object of archaeological or paleontological interest situated on or under lands owned by New York State, except as provided for in Education Law, § 233. If impacts are anticipated on a significant archaeological resource, potential adverse impacts should be minimized by:

• Redesigning the project;• Reducing direct impacts on the resource; and/or• Documenting and recovering, where possible, data and artifacts prior to construction.

Policy 2.3 Protect and enhance resources that are significant to the waterfront culture. There are no known shipwrecks in the WRA, however; if any are discovered, every effort shall be made to preserve and protect the resource and the character of this historic lacustrine and riverine community by:

• Protecting historic shipwrecks; and

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• Preventing unauthorized collection of artifacts from shipwrecks.In the event that such a shipwreck is discovered, the village will conduct further research to determine if a Historic Shipwreck Protection Law would be relevant and prudent.

Policy 3 Enhance visual quality and protect scenic resources throughout the waterfront area.Visual quality is a major contributor to the character of the waterfront area, and the primary basis for the public’s appreciation. In addition to the scenic natural resources, the variety of cultural elements in the landscape and the interplay of the built and natural environments are of particular importance to visual quality. The intent of this policy is to protect and enhance the visual quality and protect scenic resources in the Village of Union Springs waterfront area and promote them as important attractions. This policy is applicable to the scenic resources identified in Section 2.

It is important to maintain the scenic qualities of the waterfront and pastoral landscape within the WRA along NYS Route 90 since this route is part of the Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway. Future uses shall preserve the integrity and quality of this scenic byway to the fullest extent possible.

In addition to the scenic natural resources, the variety of cultural elements in the landscape and the interplay of the built and natural environments are of particular importance to visual quality. There are several areas and properties with great scenic potential, and these properties need to be improved. Locations in this category include: Frontenac Park, North Pond, and Springport Cove. Improvements or adjacent development should be undertaken in a manner that preserves and/or improves views of the lake. The Village of Union Springs will protect and improve visual quality and scenic vistas by considering the following standards and guidelines during review of proposed projects in the WRA:

• Enhance existing scenic characteristics by minimizing introduction of discordant features; • Restore deteriorated and remove degraded visual elements, and screen activities and views which detract from

visual quality; • Preserve existing vegetation and establish new vegetation to enhance scenic quality; but allow for the selective

clearing of vegetation in localized areas to provide or enhance public views, if there is no risk of increasing erosion or runoff;

• Group or orient structures to preserve open space and provide visual organization; • Improve the visual quality associated with urban areas and historic maritime areas; • Anticipate and prevent impairment of dynamic landscape elements that contribute to ephemeral scenic qualities;• Recognize water-dependent uses that are an important additions to the visual interest of the waterfront; • Protect scenic values associated with public lands, including public trust lands and waters, and natural resources;• Prevent impairment of scenic components that contribute to scenic quality appreciated by tourists;• Use appropriate siting, scales, orientation, forms, and materials to ensure that structures are compatible with and

add interest to existing scenic elements; • Respect natural drainage ways, contours and landforms; and• Encourage natural buffers between land uses, developed areas, and public roadways, including the use of

conservation easements and similar devices to preserve and protect visually prominent features.

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3.3 NATURAL WATERFRONT POLICIES

Policy 4 Minimize loss of life, structures, and natural resources from flooding and erosion. In response to existing or perceived erosion and flood hazards, many landowners have constructed erosion protection structures. Erosion protection structures often contribute to erosion both on and off the site due to poor design and siting and lack of downdrift remediation. Increased erosion, aesthetic impairments, loss of public recreational resources, loss of habitats, and water quality degradation can result from erosion protection structures. The cumulative impact of these structures can be large. Before a permit is granted to allow construction of erosion protection structures, the purpose, function, impact, and alternatives to a structure need to be carefully evaluated to determine that the structures are necessary and to avoid adverse impacts.

Although some sections of the shoreline have been heavily fortified, significant stretches of the waterfront remain in a natural state. The natural shoreline has an inherent natural, social, and economic value that should be respected to ensure continuing benefits to the State and the region. Consequently, those portions of the shoreline that are not fortified should generally remain in a natural condition to respond to lacustrine and riverine processes. Development and redevelopment in hazard areas needs to be managed to reduce exposure to hazards. Hardening of the shoreline is to be avoided except when alternative means, such as soft engineering alternatives, are not effective. Beach nourishment or re-vegetation are preferred approaches to control erosion because of fewer environmental impacts than hard structures. Hard structures may be more practical to protect principal structures or developed centers with extensive public investment. Historic major weather events should be considered when projects involving substantial investments of public expenditures are designed. This policy seeks to protect life, structures, and natural resources from flooding and erosion hazards throughout the waterfront area. The policy reflects State flooding and erosion regulations and provides measures for reduction of hazards and protection of resources.

Policy 4.1 Minimize losses of human life and structures from flooding and erosion hazards. According to the 2007 FEMA DFIRM database, there is a total of 46.45 acres of land located in the 100 year floodplain; which equates to 10% of the total land in the WRA, but directly impacts 60% of the parcels in the WRA. As to be expected in a lakefront community, most of the land areas located in a FEMA floodplain in the WRA are located along the lakeshore, along major stream outlets, in each of the marinas, and existing wetlands and ponds. The Village of Union Springs adopted a Floodplain Management Law in 2007. In accordance with those laws, standards directed at protecting life and properties utilizing various management measures related to flood damage prevention are presented below in order of priority:

• Avoid development other than water-dependent uses in waterfront hazard areas;• Locate or move development and structures as far away from hazards as practical; • Use vegetative non-structural measures which have a reasonable probability of managing flooding and erosion,

based on shoreline/bank characteristics including exposure, geometry, and sediment composition; • Enhance existing natural protective features and processes, and use non-structural measures which have a

reasonable probability of managing erosion; and• Use hard structural erosion protection measures for control of erosion only where the above measures are not

sufficient to protect the principal use, or the use is water-dependent or reinforces the role of a maritime center or a waterfront redevelopment area.




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Erosion occurs along many of the tributaries within the community due to improper stream corridor and infrastructure management. The result is increased sedimentation resulting in delta formations at their outlets in the lake. Stream banks without adequate native vegetation and stormwater runoff entering the streams add high levels of sedimentation to the waters that ultimately enter Cayuga Lake. Riparian buffers should be maintained or improved as determined by soil and water conservation specialists to reduce runoff and sedimentation from entering tributaries from adjacent lands. The buffers will help filter sediments and pollutants by surface trapping and root interception in subsurface flow, reducing peak runoff rates by slowing water movement to the stream and increasing evapotranspiration, and stabilizing the creek banks.Standards directed at protecting life and property, using various management measures related to erosion damage prevention are presented below in order of priority:Mitigate the impacts of erosion control structures.

• Use vegetative, non-structural measures to manage erosion where shoreline characteristics allow;• Enhance existing natural protective features by the use of non-structural measures that are likely to manage

erosion;• Mitigate the impacts of erosion control structures;

• Manage development in floodplains outside of waterfront hazard areas so as to avoid adverse environmental effects, to minimize the need for structural flood protection measures, and to meet Federal flood insurance program standards; and

• Use hard structure erosion protection measures only when avoidance is not appropriate because the structure is water-dependent; construction of a hard structure is the only practical design consideration; the hard structure is limited to the minimum necessary; and adequate mitigation is provided to insure there is no adverse impact on adjacent properties.

Policy 4.2 Preserve and restore natural protective features. Natural flooding and erosion protective features in Union Springs are wetlands and natural vegetation along the shoreline. The largest area of state-regulated wetlands in the WRA is located north of Frontenac Park in the vicinity of North Pond (see Map 16 in Section 2). The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service also regulates an area of wetlands in the WRA that overlaps with the area mentioned above. These areas provide critical habitats for wildlife and are prominent natural protective features in the community. The intent of this policy is to:

• Prevent development in natural protective features;• Maximize the protective capabilities of natural protective features by:

~ Avoiding alteration or interference with shorelines/banks in their natural condition;~ Enhancing existing natural protective features;~ Restoring damaged natural features; and~ Managing activities to minimize interference with, limit damage to, or reverse damage which has diminished the

protective capacities of the natural shoreline/bank.• Minimize interference with natural waterway processes by:

~ Providing for natural supply and movement of unconsolidated materials; ~ Minimizing intrusion of structures into waterway and interference with waterway processes; and ~ Mitigating any unavoidable intrusion or interference

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• Using vegetative approaches to stabilize natural shoreline features; and• Providing signage or other interpretive materials to increase public awareness of natural features.

Policy 4.3 Protect public lands and public trust lands and use of these lands when undertaking all erosion or flood control projects.The intent of this policy is to:

• Retain ownership of public trust lands which have become upland areas due to fill or accretion resulting from erosion control projects;

• Avoid losses or likely losses of public trust lands or use of these lands, including public access along the shore, which can be reasonably attributed to or anticipated to result from erosion protection structures; and

• Mitigate unavoidable impacts on adjacent property, natural waterfront processes, natural resources, and on public trust lands and their use.

Policy 4.4 Manage navigation infrastructure to limit adverse impacts on lacustrine or riverine processes.The intent of this policy is to:

• Manage navigation channels to limit adverse impacts on natural processes by designing channel construction and maintenance to protect and enhance natural protective features and prevent destabilization of adjacent areas; and make beneficial use of suitable dredged material; and

• Manage stabilized inlets to limit adverse impacts on natural processes.

Policy 4.5 Ensure that expenditure of public funds for flooding and erosion control projects results in a public benefit. Give priority in expenditure of public funds to actions which:

• Protect public health and safety;• Mitigate flooding and erosion problems caused by previous human intervention; • Protect areas of intensive development; and • Protect substantial public investment in land, infrastructure, and facilities.

Expenditure of public funds is limited to those circumstances where public benefits exceed public cost; and prohibited for the exclusive purpose of protecting private development, except where actions are undertaken by an erosion protection district.

Policy 4.6 Consider historic floods and erosion caused by major weather events when siting and designing projects involving substantial public expenditures.

Policy 5 Protect and improve water quality and supply in the waterfront area.The purpose of this policy is to protect the quality and quantity of water in the waterfront area. Quality considerations include both point source and non-point source pollution management. The primary quantity consideration is the maintenance of an adequate supply of potable water in the region. Water quality protection and improvement in the region must be accomplished by the combination of managing new and

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remediating existing sources of pollution. In some areas with existing water quality impairments, more aggressive remediation measures will be needed.

Policy 5.1 Prohibit direct or indirect discharges which would cause or contribute to contravention of water quality standards. Discharges from point sources of pollution into the water resources of the Village of Union Springs will be reduced by avoiding land and water uses that would:

• Exceed applicable effluent limitations;• Cause or contribute to contravention of water quality classification and use standards;• Materially adversely affect receiving water quality; or• Violate the NYS DEC vessel waste discharge regulations in Cayuga Lake.

The effective treatment of sanitary sewage discharges will be enhanced by:• Maintaining efficient operation of sewage treatment facility; • Providing secondary treatment of sanitary sewage, if necessary;• Improving nitrogen and phosphorous removal capacity;• Incorporating treatment beyond secondary for new wastewater treatment facilities;• Reducing demand on treatment facilities by encouraging alternative environmentally friendly disposal systems per

approval of the Cayuga County Health Department;• Reducing loading of toxic materials;• Reducing or eliminating combined sewer overflows; and• Managing on-site disposal systems.

Policy 5.2 Manage land use activities and use best management practices to minimize non-point pollution of waterfront areas. The village will implement Stormwater Management Regulations. Additionally, the Village will work with the Cayuga County Water Quality Management Agency to promote their Manure Management Guidelines on farms within the WRA; and will encourage all farms on which manure is applied to cropland to develop and implement a Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan (CNMP) with the assistance of an Agricultural Environmental Management (AEM) certified CNMP planner in order to adequately inventory current activities, assess environmental concerns, determine conservation objectives and establish best management practices (BMPs) consistent with available resources.

Policy 5.3 Protect and enhance the quality of waterfront area waters. The waters of Cayuga Lake, including the tributaries flowing into it, are extremely important to the economy and quality of life for residents and tourists in the Village of Union Springs. In order to protect the quality of the waterfront waters in the WRA,it is the intent of this policy to:

• Protect water quality based on physical factors (Ph, dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, nutrients, odor, color, and turbidity), health factors (pathogens, chemical contaminants, and toxicity), and aesthetic factors (oils, floatables, refuse, and suspended solids);




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• Minimize disturbance of streams, including their beds and banks, in order to prevent erosion of soil, increased turbidity, and irregular variation in velocity, temperature, and level of water; and

• Protect quality of the waterways from adverse impacts associated with excavation, fill, dredging, and disposal of dredged material.

The control of invasive species, as identified in Section 2, also plays a critical role in protecting the water quality in Cayuga Lake and the streams in the watershed. The Cayuga County Legislature adopted A Local Law To Prevent The Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species In Cayuga County which is enforced by the county along all public water bodies including along Cayuga Lake within the WRA. To help control invasive species in the WRA the village will:

• Assist private marinas with installing Aquatic Invasive Species Disposal Stations (weed boxes); and• Educate boaters on the provisions of the county’s local law and see that they are enforced, even during fishing

tournaments (when it is more likely that the spread of invasive aquatic vegetation could occur).

Policy 5.4 Limit the potential for adverse impacts of watershed development on water quality and quantity. In order to protect the quality and quantity of water in the WRA, it is the intent of this policy to:

• Ensure that watershed development protects areas that provide important water quality benefits, maintains natural characteristics of drainage systems, and protects areas that are particularly susceptible to erosion and sediment loss; and

• Limit the impacts of individual development projects to prevent cumulative water quality impacts upon the watershed which would result in a failure to meet water quality standards.

Policy 5.5 Protect and conserve the quality and quantity of potable water. While the village does not use Cayuga Lake for a source of drinking water, other municipalities around the lake do, so protection of the lake water as a source of potable water and not just for recreation is as important as protecting the underground springs that are used for potable water in the village. The intent of this policy is to:

• Prevent the contamination of potable waters by limiting discharges of pollutants and limiting land uses which are likely to contribute to contravention of surface and groundwater quality classifications for potable water supplies;

• Prevent the depletion of existing potable water supplies and limiting the cumulative impacts of development on groundwater quality and recharge areas; and

• Encourage the development and installation of manmade wetlands and natural drainage systems (e.g. bio-swales, rain gardens, etc.) in environmentally sensitive areas that will filter surface water runoff to help protect potable water resources.

Policy 6 Protect and restore the quality and function of ecosystems within the waterfront area.This policy recognizes and provides for the protection, restoration, and enhancement of natural resources within the natural areas of the region and the Village of Union Springs. The ecosystem consists of physical (non-living) components, biological (living) components, and their interactions. Its physical components include abiotic factors such as water, soils, geology, nutrients, and contaminants. The biological components include the plants, animals, and other living things in and around the shore. Cayuga Lake (including surrounding supporting lands) contains the following general characteristics:

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• Is essential to the survival of locally significant fish and wildlife populations;• Helps to support local populations of rare, threatened, or endangered species;• Helps support local fish and game species that have a significant recreational value; and• Is impossible to replace.

The intent of this policy is to:• Disapprove of activities and development that would destroy or impair important habitats through physical

alteration, disturbance or pollution, or indirectly result in the loss of important natural habitat;• Encourage development proposals that include the repair or establishment of new natural habitat areas;• Work with the NYS DEC to rehabilitate any streams or portions of streams that may be identified as impaired for

fish life;• Require that all development, project, and activity proposals comply with NYS SEQRA requirements; and approve

only those that will result in the least amount of potential adverse impacts on natural areas with the preference for infill and reuse development over “green-field” development; and

• As required by US FWS and NYS DEC, schedule construction and necessary intrusion into natural areas at appropriate times of the year to avoid vulnerable periods in the life cycles of threatened and endangered species (e.g. the Northern Longeared Bat and Bald Eagles).

Policy 6.1 Protect and restore ecological quality. The following guidelines shall be considered when approving development projects in an effort to maintain the values associated with natural ecological communities; and protect and restore the ecological quality of the natural resources found in the WRA.

• Avoid significant adverse changes to the quality of the ecosystem as indicated by physical loss, degradation, or functional loss of ecological components by:~ Avoiding fragmentation of natural ecological communities;~ Maintaining corridors between ecological communities;~ Maintaining structural and functional relationships between natural ecological communities to provide for self- sustaining systems;~ Retaining and adding indigenous plants; ~ Avoiding permanent adverse change to ecological processes; ~ Reducing adverse impacts of existing development when practical; and~ Mitigating impacts of new development including reducing or eliminating adverse impacts associated with existing development.

Policy 6.2 Protect and restore freshwater wetlands. There are several significant freshwater wetland areas in the Village of Union Springs WRA as indicated on Map 17 in Section 2. These lake margin freshwater wetland areas function as waterfowl habitat, nutrient transformation and sediment control areas, and fish spawning areas. Wetlands often stabilize stream and river banks and they can act as a conveyance area during flood events. The ecological function of sensitive wetland areas can be significantly impaired by development. In the WRA, wetlands exist primarily along the waterfront in areas that have already experienced some development; and which are prime locations for future development.

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Development actions that would negatively impact wetlands should be avoided. In such cases where impairment of these resources cannot be avoided, the negative impacts must be minimized through appropriate mitigation measures. The following actions, in compliance with the statutory and regulatory requirements of the State’s wetland laws, should be applied to projects potentially impacting wetland areas within the WRA:

• Comply with statutory and regulatory requirements of the State’s wetland laws.• Use the following management measures, which are presented in order of priority:

~ Prevent the net loss of vegetated wetlands by avoiding fill or excavation; ~ Minimize adverse impacts resulting from unavoidable fill, excavation, or other activities; and ~ Provide for compensatory mitigation for unavoidable adverse impacts.

• Restore freshwater wetlands wherever practical to foster their continued existence as natural systems• Provide and maintain adequate buffers between wetlands and adjacent or nearby uses and activities to protect

wetland quality and values; • Avoid the placement of fill in vegetated wetlands;• Design projects to result in the least amount of potential adverse impact on wetlands;• Choose alternative actions or methods that would lessen potential impact; • Mitigating the unavoidable adverse impacts resulting from activities by replacement of lost wetland areas or

other appropriate means; and• Protect wooded areas that surround the wetland to preserve the natural filtering capabilities of vegetation.

Policy 6.3 Protect vulnerable fish, wildlife, and plant species, and rare ecological communities.The ecological communities found throughout the WRA are both vast and diverse. The fish and wildlife habitats located in the community are significant for the local heritage and tourist-based economy. All rare species found in the WRA shall be protected and documented to the fullest extent practical.

Policy 6.4 Protect natural resources and associated values in identified regionally important natural areas. It is the intent of this policy to:

• Protect natural resources comprising a regionally important natural area;• Focus State actions on protection, restoration, and management of natural resources;• Protect and enhance activities associated with sustainable human use or appreciation of natural resources;• Provide for achievement of a net increase in wetlands when practical opportunities exist to create new or restore

former wetlands; and• Adhere to management plans prepared for regionally important natural areas.

Policy 7 Protect and improve air quality in the waterfront area.This policy provides for protection of the waterfront area from air pollution generated within the waterfront area or from outside the waterfront area which adversely affects air quality.

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Policy 7.1 Control or abate existing and prevent new air pollution. There are no known existing critical air pollution concerns in the village or in the WRA. This policy seeks to:

• Limit pollution resulting from new or existing stationary air contamination sources consistent with applicable standards, plans, and requirements;

• Recycle or salvage air contaminants using best available air cleaning technologies;• Limit pollution resulting from vehicle or vessel movement or operation;• Limit actions which directly or indirectly change transportation uses or operation resulting in increased pollution;• Restrict emissions or air contaminants to the outdoor atmosphere which are potentially injurious or unreasonably

interfere with enjoyment of life or property; and• Limit new facility or stationary source emissions of acid deposition precursors consistent with achieving final

control target levels for wet sulfur deposition in sensitive receptor areas, and meeting New Source Performance Standards for the emissions of oxides of nitrogen.

Policy 7.2 Limit discharges of atmospheric radioactive material to a level that is as low as practicable.There are no sources of radioactive material, nuclear power plants, or research facilities that use radionuclides in the WRA.

Policy 7.3 Limit sources of atmospheric deposition of pollutants to the waterway, particularly from nitrogen sources.There are no major energy generation plants or other point sources of air pollution in the WRA.

Policy 8 Minimize environmental degradation in the waterfront area from solid waste and hazardous substances and wastes.The intent of this policy is to protect people from sources of contamination and to protect waterfront resources in the Village of Union Springs from degradation through proper control and management of wastes and hazardous materials. In addition, this policy is intended to promote the expeditious remediation and reclamation of hazardous waste sites to permit redevelopment. Attention is also required to identify and address sources of soil and water contamination resulting from landfill and hazardous waste sites and in-place sediment contamination.

Policy 8.1 Manage solid waste to protect public health and control pollution.Effective management of solid waste in the WRA should follow the established State priorities for reducing, reusing, and disposing of such waste. The village should plan for proper and effective solid waste disposal prior to undertaking major development or activities generating solid wastes. The discharge of solid wastes into the environment shall be prevented by using proper handling, management, and transportation practices; and solid waste shall be managed by:

• Reducing the amount of solid waste generated;• Reusing or recycling materials;• Using land burial or other approved methods to dispose of solid waste that is not reused or recycled; and• Operating solid waste management facilities in ways that prevent or reduce water, air, and noise pollution and

other conditions harmful to the public health.

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Policy 8.2 Manage hazardous wastes to protect public health and control pollution.

Hazardous wastes shall be managed in accordance with the following priorities: • Eliminate or reduce generation of hazardous wastes to the maximum extent practical;• Recover, reuse, or recycle remaining hazardous wastes to the maximum extent practical;• Use detoxification, treatment, or destruction technologies to dispose of hazardous wastes that cannot be reduced,

recovered, reused, or recycled;• Use land disposal as a last resort;• Phase out land disposal of industrial hazardous wastes; • Ensure maximum public safety through proper management of industrial hazardous waste treatment, storage, and

disposal; and• Remediate inactive hazardous waste disposal sites.

Policy 8.3 Protect the environment from degradation due to toxic pollutants and substances hazardous to the environment and public health. Toxic pollutants and substances shall be managed in accordance with the following:

• Prevent release of toxic pollutants or substances hazardous to the environment that would have a deleterious effect on fish and wildlife resources; Prevent environmental degradation due to persistent toxic pollutants by: ~ limiting discharge of bioaccumulative substances;~ avoiding resuspension of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances and wastes; and~ avoiding reentry of bioaccumulative substances into the food chain from existing sources.

• Prevent and control environmental pollution due to radioactive materials;• Protect public health, public and private property, and fish and wildlife from inappropriate use of pesticides, from

direct discharge of untreated waste material into a creek, pond or the lake, and from petroleum product spills/leaks into and adjacent to a creek, pond or the lake; and

• Take appropriate action to correct all unregulated releases of substances hazardous to the environment.

Policy 8.4 Prevent and remediate the discharge of petroleum products. The intent of this policy is to:

• Have adequate plans for prevention and control of petroleum discharges in place at any major petroleum-related facility;

• Prevent discharges of petroleum products by following approved handling and storage, and facility design and maintenance principles; and

• Clean-up and remove any petroleum discharge, giving first priority to minimizing environmental damage.

Policy 8.5 Transport solid waste and hazardous substances and waste in a manner which protects the safety, well-being, and general welfare of the public; the environmental resources of the State; and the continued use of transportation facilities.

Policy 8.6 Site solid and hazardous waste facilities to avoid potential degradation of waterfront resources.

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3.4 PUBLIC WATERFRONT POLICIES

Policy 9 Provide for public access to, and recreational use of, waterfront waters, public lands, and public resources of the waterfront area.Along much of the Cayuga Lake shoreline in the WRA, physical and visual access to waterfront lands and the water itself is limited. While there is approximately nine miles of shoreline along Cayuga Lake in the WRA, public access is limited to Frontenac Park which has approximately 1,700 feet (0.3 mi) of publicly accessible shoreline. The remainder of the lands along the shoreline are in private ownership for residential or commercial use.

Limitations on reaching or viewing the waterfront are further heightened by a general lack of opportunity for diverse forms of recreation at those sites that do provide access. Often access and recreational opportunities that are available are limited to local residents. Existing development has made much of the waterfront inaccessible and new development has diminished remaining opportunities to provide meaningful public access. In addition to loss of opportunities for physical access to the water, visual access has also been lost due to the loss of vantage points or outright blockage of views resulting from development. In some areas, access along public trust lands of the shore has been impeded by long docks, docks with structures on the end of them, and shoreline fortification has led to physical loss of access.

Given the lack of adequate public access and recreation, this policy incorporates measures to provide and increase public access throughout the waterfront area. The need to maintain and improve existing public access and facilities is among these measures, and is necessary to ensure that use of existing access sites and facilities is optimized in order to accommodate existing demand. Another measure is to capitalize on all available opportunities to provide additional visual and physical public access along with appropriate opportunities for recreation.

Policy 9.1 Promote appropriate and adequate physical public access and recreation throughout the waterfront area. Improving public access to the lakefront is very important to the Village of Union Springs. Public access and recreation facilities can attract tourists, improve the quality of life for residents, and generate revenues. Access and recreational activities must avoid adverse impacts on natural resources. The following factors shall be considered in determining the potential for adverse environmental effects:

• The level of disturbance associated with the activity; and• Any potential impacts on sensitive natural resources.

Access shall be limited where it is determined that uncontrolled public use of a recreational facility or public access site could impair natural resources. The following standards should be considered when analyzing recreation and public access projects along waterfront areas; and in making future decisions regarding appropriate public access and expanding recreation opportunities:

• Provide access for fish and wildlife related activities, so long as the level of access would not result in significant negative impacts on fish and wildlife populations;

• Use methods and structures for access which maintain and protect natural resources;




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• Impose seasonal limitations on public access where necessary to avoid adverse environmental impacts;• Provide convenient, well-defined, physical public access to and along the shoreline for water-related recreation;• Provide a level and type of public access and recreational use that takes into account proximity to population

centers, public demand, natural resource sensitivity, accessibility, compatibility with on-site and adjacent land uses, and needs of special groups;

• Protect and maintain existing public access and water-related recreation; • Provide additional physical public access and recreation facilities at public sites;• Where appropriate, promote private commercial access through water-dependent and water enhanced uses as

opposed to residential development; • Promote the acquisition of additional public park lands to meet existing and projected needs;• Provide physical access linkages throughout the waterfront; • Provide pedestrian and bicycle trails and improved access between downtown and the residential areas in the

community;• Include physical public access and/or water-related recreation facilities as part of development whenever

development or activities are likely to limit the public’s use and enjoyment of public waterfront lands and waters; • Restrict public access and water-related recreation on public lands only where incompatible with public safety and

protection of natural resources; and• Ensure access for the general public at locations where State or Federal funds are used to acquire, develop, or

improve parkland.

Policy 9.2 Provide public visual access from public lands to waterfront lands and waters or open space at all sites where physically practical. It is important to provide aesthetically inviting physical connections from Frontenac Park, North Pond, and South Pond to the Historic Business district that will attract visitors to local businesses and to the waterfront itself. The intent of this policy is to:

• Increase visual access wherever practical, i.e. by creating and/or improving roadway pull offs and other means;• Protect view corridors provided by streets or natural resources;• Limit physical blockage of existing visual access by constructing improvements and buildings at an appropriate

scale and location;• Mitigate the loss of visual access by providing for on-site visual access or additional and comparable visual access

off-site;• Minimize adverse impact on visual access by promoting vegetative or other screening of uses that detract from

the visual quality of the waterfront; and• Provide interpretive exhibits at appropriate locations to enhance the enjoyment of scenic views.

Policy 9.3 Preserve the public interest in and use of lands and waters held in public trust by the State, and other public entities. The intent of this policy is to:

• Limit grants, easements, permits, or lesser interests in lands underwater to those instances where they are consistent with the public interest in the use of public trust lands;

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• Determine ownership, riparian interest, or other legal right prior to approving private use of public trust lands under water;

• Limit grants, including conversion grants, in fee of underwater lands to exceptional circumstances;• Reserve such interests or attach such conditions to preserve the public interest in use of underwater lands and

waterways which will be adequate to preserve public access, recreation opportunities, and other public trust purposes; and

• Evaluate opportunities to re-establish public trust interests in existing grants which are not used in accordance with the terms of the grant, or are in violation of the terms of the lease, or where there are significant limitations on public benefits resulting from the public trust doctrine.

Policy 9.4 Assure public access to public trust lands and navigable waters. The intent of this policy is to:

• Ensure that the public interest in access below mean high water and to navigable waters is maintained;• Allow obstructions to public access when necessary for the operation of water-dependent uses and their facilities;• Permit interference with public access for riparian non-water-dependent uses in order to gain the minimum

necessary reasonable access to navigable waters;• Use the following factors in determining the minimum access necessary: the range of tidal fluctuation; the size and

nature of the water body; the uses of the adjacent waters by the public; the traditional means of access used by surrounding similar uses; and whether alternative means to gain access are available.

• Mitigate substantial interference or obstruction of public use of public trust lands and navigable waters.

3.5 WORKING WATERFRONT AREA POLICIES

Policy 10 Protect water-dependent uses and promote siting of new water-dependent uses in suitable locations.The intent of this policy is to protect existing water-dependent commercial and recreational uses; and to promote future siting of water-dependent uses at suitable locations. It is also the intent of this policy to enhance the economic viability of existing and future water-dependent uses by ensuring that adequate infrastructure is in place for water-dependent uses and their efficient operation.

The land along the waterfront in the village is primarily occupied by housing, commercial marinas, and Frontenac Park. There are however, some undeveloped natural areas. Future water-dependent and water-enhanced uses that utilize or redevelop existing buildings and developments along the waterfront will be given priority over development proposals for undeveloped areas along the waterfront. However, development proposals that provide public access along the waterfront while still protecting critical natural features in undeveloped areas are preferred over large scale development proposals.

The existing commercial marinas, in addition to the public boat launch at Frontenac Park, provide facilities and access to the lake for residents and visitors alike. The continued enhancement and protection of these water-dependent uses is critical to the tourist economy in the village. In addition to the boat launch and marinas, Frontenac Park has continued to experience an increase in use during the summer months by




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residents and tourists. It is the village’s intent to upgrade both the public boat launch and facilities provided at the park to meet the continued needs of the community. The village seeks to, where possible, add and enhance: land and amenities to Frontenac Park; public access to Frontenac Island; and public waterfront access in the form of recreational trails, birding, and interpretive areas.

The village will encourage development proposals that include provisions for community/shared access to the waterfront instead of sole private access only. For example, a subdivision proposal that prohibited the installation of individual docks for each waterfront parcel, but included a shared boat launch, beach area, trails, etc. for the use of the property owners within the proposed development would be preferred over a development proposal that included a new boat dock for each landowner and limited access to the waterfront. Additionally, project proposals that include provisions for open public access (whether through a fee or permit for seasonal use, or not) at one or more points along the waterfront will be strongly encouraged and highly favored by the village.

Policy 10.1 Protect existing water-dependent uses. Avoid actions which would displace, adversely impact, or interfere with existing water-dependent uses. Conversely, actions that protect and enhance marina and public access facilities shall be encouraged. Some portions of the shoreline areas in the village are not appropriate for development because of their natural characteristics. In the locations, however, where development and/or redevelopment are appropriate, it shall occur in a sustainable manner so as to not to impact the adjacent natural character of the shoreline. Water-dependent uses shall be sited and designed to:

• Avoid actions which would displace, adversely impact, or interfere with existing water-dependent uses;• Attract people to or near the waterfront and provide opportunities for access;• Provide public views on, to, or from the water;• Link the waterfront to the Historic Business District;• Avoid significant adverse impacts to community character and surrounding land and water uses;• Avoid any degradation of water quality;• Avoid loss, fragmentation and impairment of natural habitats and wetlands; and• Avoid the alteration of protective features and changes to natural processes that would increase shoreline flooding

and erosion.

Policy 10.2 Promote maritime centers as the most suitable locations for water-dependent uses.There are no maritime centers in the WRA.

Policy 10.3 Allow for development of new water-dependent uses outside of maritime centers.The intent of this policy is to ensure that public actions enable the local traditional centers for water-dependent uses to continue to function as centers for water-dependent uses. The policy shall protect and enhance the economic, physical, cultural, and environmental attributes which support each water-dependent use. The policy shall be applied in a manner to minimize any adverse impacts of new and expanding public and commercial water-dependent uses by ensuring that these uses are sited in locations where:

• The need for dredging is minimized; • Waterside and landside access, as well as upland space for parking and other facilities, is adequate;

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• The necessary infrastructure exists or is easily accessible, including adequate shoreline stabilization structures, roads, water supply and sewage disposal facilities, and vessel waste pump-out and waste disposal facilities;

• Water quality classifications are compatible with the uses; and• Adjacent land uses are not significantly impacted by noise or visual impacts

Policy 10.4 Improve the economic viability of water-dependent uses by allowing for non-water- dependent accessory and multiple uses, particularly water-enhanced and maritime support services.Water-dependent uses are often supported or complemented by non-water dependent uses. Non-water-dependent accessory or mixed-use development will be encouraged if:

• Accessory uses are functionally related and contribute to sustaining the existing water-dependent use;• Mixed uses support an existing water-dependent use and prove to enhance the economic return of the water-

dependent use without significantly impacting natural resources;• New non water-dependent uses do not interfere with the principal water-dependent use of the site or its continuity;

and• New non water-dependent uses are not located within areas established as significant natural resources, such as

wetlands and fish or wildlife habitats.

Policy 10.5 Minimize adverse impacts of new and expanding water-dependent uses, provide for their safe operation, and maintain regionally important uses.Site new and expand existing marinas, yacht clubs, boat yards, and other boating facilities where there is:

• Adequate upland for support facilities and services; • Sufficient waterside and landside access; • Appropriate nearshore depth to minimize dredging; • Suitable water quality classification; • Minimization of effects on wetlands or fish spawning grounds; and • Adequate water circulation.

Policy 10.6 Provide sufficient infrastructure for water-dependent uses.The intent of this policy is to:

• Protect and maintain existing public and private navigation lanes and channels at depths consistent with the needs of water-dependent uses;

• Provide new or expanded navigation lanes, channels, and basins when necessary to support water-dependent uses;

• Use suitable dredged material for beach nourishment, dune reconstruction, or other beneficial uses; • Avoid placement of dredged material in waterways when opportunities for beneficial reuse of the material exist; • Allow placement of suitable dredged material in nearshore locations to advance maritime center related functions,

provided it is adequately contained and avoids negative impacts on vegetated wetlands and significant fish and wildlife habitats and species;

• Avoid shore and water surface uses which would impede navigation;




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• Give priority to existing commercial navigation in determining rights to navigable waters; • Provide for services and facilities to facilitate commercial, industrial, and recreational navigation;• Foster water transport for cargo and people; and • Maintain stabilized inlets.

Policy 10.7 Promote efficient harbor operation. Lack of effective water use management contributes to congestion and competition for space on surface waters or underwater lands near shoreline. As a result, natural resources can be degraded and communities are not able to take advantage of tourism and economic growth opportunities. Guidelines for achieving this policy include the following:

• Limit congestion of harbor (near shore) surface waters;• Limit conflict among uses in near shore surface waters and underwater lands;• Foster navigational safety;• Minimize obstructions in the waterway to reduce potential hazards to navigation;• Prohibit any increase or additional use of the waterway if such an increase or addition poses a public safety

hazard, which cannot be mitigated; and• Prohibit intrusions or encroachments upon navigation channels and other identified vessel use areas.

Policy 11 Promote sustainable use of living lacustrine or riverine resources in the waterfront area.Living lacustrine resources play an important role in the social and economic well-being of the people of waterfront communities. Commercial and recreational uses of living lacustrine resources constitute an important contribution to the economy of the region and the State. Recreational and sport fishing has a particularly large impact on the local economy in the Village of Union Springs. There are several fishing tournaments that are hosted in the community each year, including the Bassmaster Elite Series professional anglers fishing tournament (hosted at Frontenac Park in 2014, 2016 and 2019).

Continued use of living resources depends on maintaining long-term health and abundance of fishery resources and their habitats, and on ensuring that the resources are sustained in usable abundance and diversity for future generations. This requires active management of fisheries, protection and conservation of habitat, restoration of habitats in areas where they have been degraded, and maintenance of water quality at a level that will foster occurrence and abundance of living lacustrine and riverine resources. Allocation and use of the available resources must:

• Be consistent with the restoration and maintenance of healthy stocks and habitats;• Maximize the benefits of resource use so as to provide valuable recreational experiences and viable business

opportunities for commercial and recreational fisheries; and• Prohibit discharge of sewage from boats in designated Vessel Waste No Discharge Zone, and provide pump-out

facilities when expanding local marinas.




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Policy 11.1 Ensure the long-term maintenance and health of living lacustrine or riverine resources. The intent of this policy is to:

• Ensure that commercial and recreational uses of living lacustrine resources are managed in a manner that: ~ Results in sustained usable abundance and diversity of the lacustrine resource; ~ Does not interfere with population and habitat maintenance and restoration efforts; ~ Uses best available scientific information in managing the resources; and ~ Minimizes waste and reduces discard mortality of lacustrine fishery resources.

• Ensure that the management of the State’s transboundary and migratory species is consistent with interstate, State-Federal, and inter-jurisdictional management plans.

• Protect, manage, and restore sustainable populations of indigenous fish, wildlife species, and other living lacustrine resources.

• Foster occurrence and abundance of lacustrine resources by: protecting spawning grounds, habitats, and water quality; and enhancing and restoring fish habitat.

Policy 11.2 Provide for commercial and recreational use of lacustrine or riverine resources. The direct public use of Cayuga Lake for fishing provides recreational experiences and tourism benefits that are currently and will continue to be significant to the Union Springs community in the years ahead. Opportunities for fishing should be promoted at existing public access sites and along the shorelines of the lake in areas that do not infringe on private property/docks. Recreational uses of fish and wildlife resources include not only consumptive uses, such as fishing and hunting, but also such non-consumptive uses as wildlife photography, bird watching, and nature study.

It is important that all areas along the waterfront, and especially projects involving an increase in waterfront access, be developed and/or maintained in a manner that ensures the protection of fish and wildlife resources. The following standards shall be applied in the Village of Union Springs:

• Maximize the benefits of lacustrine resources use so as to provide a valuable recreational resource experience and viable business opportunities for commercial and recreational fisheries;

• Where fishery conservation and management plans require actions that would result in resource allocation impacts, ensure equitable distribution of impacts among user groups giving priority to existing fisheries in the State;

• Protect the public health and the marketability of lacustrine and fishery resources by maintaining and improving water quality; and

• Promote and expand near shore fishing opportunities.

Policy 11.3 Promote recreational use of lacustrine or riverine resources.For all public trust and navigable waters in the WRA it is the intent of this policy to:

• Provide opportunities for recreational use of lacustrine resources;• Provide adequate infrastructure to meet recreational needs, including appropriate fishing piers, dockage, parking,

and livery services;• Promote commercial charter and party boat businesses in lacustrine centers under the following restrictions:




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~ Commercial charter and party boats shall adhere to local ordinances and not create excessive noise;~ In accordance with NYS DEC regulations, commercial charter and party boats shall not allow their patrons to pollute the lake or lakeshore with garbage or other wastes; and~ Commercial charter fishing boats shall follow the guidelines and restrictions set by the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation with regards to the type and number of fish that can be taken from the lake daily; and along with all other anglers, shall adhere to the NYS DEC Fish Carcass Disposal Law.

Policy 11.4 Promote managed harvesting of shellfish originating from uncertified waters. Non-native zebra mussels and quagga mussels are the most significant shellfish that can be found in the WRA and possession of these species is prohibited by regulation, currently contained in 6 NYCRR Part 575. Additionally, the NYS DEC regulates individual collection of lacustrine indigenous freshwater shellfish by requiring individuals to obtain a license to sell, import, purchase, transport, or introduce, which are typically obtained by individuals for non-consumptive uses such as education and research.

Policy 11.5 Promote aquaculture. The intent of this policy is to:

• Encourage aquaculture of economically important species;• Protect native stocks from potential adverse biological impacts due to aquaculture; and• Provide leases of State-owned underwater lands for aquaculture only where aquaculture operations would not

significantly impair natural resources or water quality.

Policy 12 Protect agricultural lands in the waterfront area. The intent of this policy is to conserve and protect agricultural land by preventing the conversion of farmland to other uses and protecting existing and potential agricultural production. Agricultural acreage has sharply reduced over a relatively short period of time. This loss has occurred primarily due to residential development which has rapidly transformed the landscape from one dominated by agrarian uses and activities to one dominated by single family residences. Protecting the remaining agricultural land is necessary to ensure preservation of the agricultural economy, farming heritage, open space, and scenic quality.

Policy 12.1 Protect existing agriculture and agricultural lands from conversion to other land uses. The intent of this policy is to:

• Protect existing agricultural use and production from adverse impacts due to: ~ Public infrastructure and facility development;~ Creation of other conditions which are likely to lead to conversion of agricultural lands; and~ Environmental changes which are likely to reduce agricultural productivity or quality, including, but not limited to, quantitative and qualitative changes to groundwater resources.

• Provide sufficient buffer as part of new development when it is located near agricultural land; and • Retain or incorporate opportunities for continuing agricultural use.




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Policy 12.2 Establish and maintain favorable conditions which support existing or promote new agricultural production.The intent of this policy is to:

• Promote new and maintain existing local services and commercial enterprises necessary to support agricultural operations;

• Provide economic support of existing agriculture by allowing mixed uses which would assist in retention of the agricultural use; and

• Promote activities and market conditions that would likely prevent conversion of farmlands to other land uses.

Policy 12.3 Minimize adverse impacts on agriculture from unavoidable conversion of agricultural land.The intent of this policy is to:

• Minimize encroachment of commercial, industrial, institutional, or residential development on agricultural lands; • Retain or incorporate opportunities for continuing agricultural use; and • Locate and arrange development to maximize protection of the highest quality agricultural land in large contiguous

tracts for efficient farming.

Policy 12.4 Preserve scenic and open space values associated with agricultural lands.The intent of this policy is to:

• Locate and arrange development to maximize protection of agricultural land to protect associated scenic and open space values; and

• Allow farms to operate using appropriate modern techniques and structures with consideration of scenic values.

Policy 13 Promote efficient use and appropriate siting and design of energy production and storage and mineral extraction facilities, and associated infrastructure, to maximize efficiency and minimize potential or known harmful environmental impacts.The intent of this policy is to promote the efficient use and appropriate siting and design of energy production and storage and mineral extraction facilities, and associated infrastructure, to maximize efficiency and minimize potential or known harmful environmental impacts. In dealing with energy problems, the first order of preference is the conservation of energy. Energy efficiency in transportation and site design, and efficiency in energy generation are the best means for reducing energy demands. Reduced demand for energy reduces the need for construction of new facilities that may have adverse impacts on waterfront resources. In addition to the impacts of construction of new energy generating facilities, the potential impacts of oil and gas extraction and storage and mineral extraction must be considered, particularly the potential adverse impacts of mining activities on groundwater and aquifers. The following standards shall be applied in the Village of Union Springs:

• Apply sustainable design principles to the siting, design, construction, and operation of any energy producing or fuel storage facilities within the waterfront area to achieve maximum use efficiency, minimize pollutant outputs that have the potential to harm natural and cultural resources or/and accelerate climate change, and conserve and utilize in the public interest the air and water resources of the region;

• Reduce the need for construction of new energy producing facilities that could impacts waterfront resources by conserving energy and build efficient energy producing and transmission facilities;




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• Avoid oil and gas extraction and storage and mineral extraction that have the potential to affect the water quality or geological structure of aquifers used for drinking water; and

• Avoid oil and gas extraction and storage and mineral extraction that have the potential to affect fisheries, habitats and vulnerable fish and wildlife species.

Policy 13.1 Encourage energy conservation and efficiency of energy production and use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. The conservation of energy should be an important part of prudent future planning. Energy efficiency can be achieved through several means that fall into the jurisdiction of local governments. The intent of this policy is to:

• Plan and construct facilities and related infrastructure using energy efficient design; • Improve energy generating efficiency through design upgrades of existing facilities; • Promote and maintain energy efficient modes of transportation, including pedestrian, bicycle, auto, waterborne,

and other alternative forms of transportation;• Promote energy efficient design in new or renovated municipal facilities and private developments;• Capture heat waste from industrial processes for heating and electric generation; and• Promote sustainable and renewable processes for heating and electric generation.

To decrease the need for driving around the community, improvements need to be made to the existing sidewalk system that would allow pedestrians to walk comfortably and safely between Frontenac Park, the Historic Business District, other commercial and recreational facilities (trails, marinas, retail and services outside of the Historic Business District), and the schools.

Policy 13.2 Promote alternative energy sources that are self-sustaining, including solar and wind powered energy generation. The following standards shall be applied in the Village of Union Springs:

• In siting such facilities, avoid interference with waterfront resources, such as migratory birds’ flyways and their annual life cycles of breeding, migration, and wintering;

• Avoid land degradation and habitat loss when locating solar facilities and transmission facilities;• Minimize land impacts from utility-scale solar systems by siting them on brownfields, abandoned mining lands,

or existing transportation and transmission corridors; • Plan ahead for the withdrawal of water necessary for the cooling of solar thermal plants and for the use of the

residual water; and• Dismantle and recycle all the elements of a decommissioned solar thermal plants.

Policy 13.3 Ensure maximum efficiency and minimum adverse environmental impact when siting major energy generating facilities. Currently, there are no energy generating facilities in the Village of Union Springs, however; the village has been studying the possibility of developing a small solar micro grid that would power the village facilities and possibly serve residents and businesses in the community. It shall be the policy in the Village of Union Springs WRA that any proposed energy generating facility and/or transmission lines shall be sited and constructed in accordance with the following:




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• Site major energy generating facilities in a waterfront location only where a clear public benefit is established;• Site major energy generating facilities close to load centers to achieve maximum transmission efficiency; and• Site and construct new energy generating and transmission facilities so they do not adversely affect natural and

economic waterfront resources.

Policy 13.4 Minimize adverse environmental and health impacts from fuel storage facilities. There are no regional petroleum reserves facilities in Union Springs. However, there are a number of local fuel storage facilities at marinas along the shoreline, which are adapted for fueling transient boats; and a gas station located in the WRA on NYS Route 90. The intent of this policy is to:

• Avoid locating petroleum reserve facilities within the waterfront area where there is the potential to affect water quality, vulnerable fish and wildlife species, vulnerable plant species, and existing drinking water resources;

• Prohibit the production, storage, or retention of petroleum products in earthen reservoirs is where there is the potential to affect the quality of drinking water resources, endanger vulnerable fish and wildlife species, endanger vulnerable plant species, or deteriorate the quality of surface or ground waters;

• Protect natural resources by preparing and complying with an approved oil spill contingency plan; and• Facilities that currently offer fuel and petroleum products for sale shall actively work to protect natural resources

by complying with an approved oil spill contingency and pollution prevention plan.

Policy 13.5 Minimize adverse impacts associated with mineral extraction. While historically prevalent, there are currently no commercial sand and/or aggregate mining operations in the WRA. The intent of this policy is to:

• Avoid commercial sand and aggregate mining in the waterfront area, to protect water quality, endanger vulnerable plant species, aquatic life, and habitats; and

• Preserve topsoil and overburden using appropriate site preparation techniques and subsequent site reclamation plans.

3.6 DEFINITIONSSelected terms used in the policies are defined as follows:

Accretion- The gradual and imperceptible accumulation of sand, gravel, or similar material deposited by natural action of water on the shore. This may result from a deposit of such material upon the shore, or by a recession of the water from the shore.

Agricultural Land- Land used for agricultural production, or used as part of a farm, or having the potential to be used for agricultural production. Agricultural lands include lands comprised of soils classified in soil groups 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to the USDA Land Classification System; or lands used in agricultural production, as defined in Article 25-AA of the New York State Agriculture and Markets Law.

Aquaculture- The farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies ownership of the stock being cultured.




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Beach- A zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the level of lowest water to the place where there is a marked change in natural or physiographic form (first line of terrestrial vegetation) or to the upper limit reached by the highest storm waves, which is the area subject to alternate erosion and deposition of beach material. The offshore limit of a beach is the mean low water line. A beach consists of both foreshore and backshore zones. Beach elements include dry sand areas, sand dunes, and areas of reasonably graduated slope to the water. Beaches are composed of a variety of materials, including sand, gravel, or pebbles. Areas composed of other materials may function as beaches when they are used for traditional beach activities.

Best Management Practices- Methods, measures, or practices determined to be the most practical and effective in preventing or reducing the amount of pollutants generated by nonpoint sources to a level compatible with water quality standards established pursuant to section 17-0301 of the Environmental Conservation Law. Best management practices include, but are not limited to, structural and non-structural controls, and operation and maintenance procedures. Best management practices can be applied before, during, or after pollution-producing activities to reduce or eliminate the introduction of pollutants into receiving waters.

Boating Facility- A business or accessory use that provides docking for boats and encompasses 4,000 square feet or greater of surface waters, as measured by the outermost perimeter of the dock, and is designed to accommodate six (6) or more boats.

Development, Other Than Existing Development- Any construction or other activity which materially changes the use, intensity of use, or appearance of land or a structure including any activity which may have a direct and significant impact on coastal waters. Development shall not include ordinary repairs or maintenance or interior alterations to existing structures or traditional agricultural practices. The term shall include division of land into lots, parcels, or sites.

Historic Resources- Those structures, landscapes, districts, areas or sites, or underwater structures or artifacts which are listed or designated as follows: any historic resource in a Federal or State park established, solely or in part, in order to protect and preserve the resource; any resource on, nominated to be on, or determined eligible to be on the National or State Register of Historic Places; any cultural resource managed by the State Nature and Historic Preserve Trust or the State Natural Heritage Trust; any archaeological resource which is on the inventories of archaeological sites maintained by the Department of Education or the Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation; any resource which is a significant component of a Heritage Area; any locally designated historic or archaeological resources protected by a local law or ordinance.

Lacustrine- Of or relating to lakes; living or growing in or along the edges of lakes; and relating to a system of inland deep-water and wetland habitats associated with lakes and reservoirs and characterized by the absence of trees, shrubs, or emergent vegetation.

Maritime Center- A discrete portion or area of a lacustrine or riverine waterfront that is developed with, and contains concentrations of water-dependent commercial and industrial uses or essential support facilities. The maritime center area is a center for waterborne commerce, recreation, or other water-dependent business activity and, as such, is an important component of the regional economic system. A maritime center is characterized by: sheltered and suitable hydrologic conditions; land- and water-based infrastructure, essential for the operation of water-dependent commercial and industrial uses, extant or easily provided; physical conditions necessary to meet the siting and operational requirements of water-dependent uses; close proximity to central business districts; and limited high value natural resources.

Maritime Support Services- Industrial, commercial, or retail uses which provide necessary goods and services to water-dependent businesses, thus enabling these businesses to operate in an efficient and economically viable manner.




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Natural Ecological Community- A variable assemblage of interacting plant and animal populations that share a common environment.

Natural Protective Features- A nearshore area, beach, bluff, primary dune, secondary dune, or wetland, and the vegetation thereon.

Public Trust Lands- Those lands below navigable waters, with the upper boundary normally being the mean high water line, or otherwise determined by local custom and practice. Public trust lands, waters, and living resources are held in trust by the State or by the trustees of individual towns for the people to use for walking, fishing, commerce, navigation, and other recognized uses of public trust lands.

Rare Ecological Communities- Ecological communities which, according to the State Natural Heritage Program, qualify for a Heritage State Rank of S1 or S2; and those which qualify for a Heritage State Rank of S3, S4 or S5 and an Element Occurrence Rank of A.

Traditional Waterfront Communities- Communities which historically have contained concentrations of water-dependent businesses; possess a distinctive character; and serve as a focal points for commercial, recreational, and cultural activities within the region.

Vessel Waste No Discharge Zone (NDZ)- NDZ designations are a key component of a larger strategy for protecting the navigable waters of New York State. It is illegal to discharge sewage from boats in NDZ areas, and boaters are required to use appropriate pump-out facilities, available at many marinas, to dispose of sewage. Designated NDZ areas in the WRA include Cayuga Lake and the New York State Canal System.

Vulnerable Fish and Wildlife Species- Those listed in 6 NYCRR Part 182.5 as Endangered Species, Threatened Species, and Special Concern Species.

Vulnerable Plant Species- Those listed in 6 NYCRR Part 193.3 as Endangered Species, Threatened Species, Exploitable Vulnerable Species, and Rare Species.

Water-Dependent Use- A business or other activity which can only be conducted in, on, over, or adjacent to a water body because such activity requires direct access to that water body, and which involves, as an integral part of such activity, the use of the water.

Water-Enhanced Use- A use or activity which does not require a location adjacent to coastal waters, but whose location on the waterfront adds to the public use and enjoyment of the water’s edge. Water-enhanced uses are primarily recreational, cultural, retail, or entertainment uses.

Waterfront Redevelopment Area- The waterfront area which is part of or near a business district and contains blighted or underutilized properties which are adequate in size to accommodate significant redevelopment of regional or statewide benefit. The following factors shall be considered in identification of waterfront redevelopment areas: (1) evidence of community commitment and initiative; (2) participation in the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program; (3) adequacy of local land and water use regulations; (4) adequacy of infrastructure; (4) opportunities for local and regional economic growth; and (5) opportunities for improved public access, environmental quality, and creation of local activity centers.




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SECTION 4: PROPOSED LAND USES, WATER USES, AND PROJECTS

The intent of this LWRP is to maintain the unique character and history of this waterfront community while also promoting economic stabilization and growth. The community strives to provide a mix of appropriate land use patterns including residential development; commercial uses that support current and future residents and tourists; access to recreational facilities, trails, and the lake; and the conservation of important natural resources including active farmland.

4.1 PROPOSED LAND USESFuture land uses implementing this LWRP will be an extension of current land uses, as illustrated in Maps 5 & 6. There are no new land uses proposed in this LWRP.

4.2 PROPOSED WATER USESThe water-related uses, both public and private, in the Village of Union Springs contribute significantly to the community’s economy and should be protected from redevelopment to uses that are not related to the waterfront. The Village of Union Springs supports two marinas along the Cayuga Lake waterfront, a municipal public boat launch; and one public beach in Frontenac Park. The expansion or improvement of existing marinas will be permitted subject to the zoning regulations, Site Plan review requirements, and a LWRP Consistency Review.

In conformance with the Policies set forth in Section 3, the Village of Union Springs adopted a Dock and Mooring law to regulate the location, construction, and size of future docks (commercial or residential) that will extend out into the lake in order to preserve the scenic quality and general enjoyment of the lake by all land owners and tourists.

4.3 PROPOSED PROJECTSThe following list of proposed projects has been organized by the overarching categories in Section 3: Waterfront Revitalization Program Policies; and then sub-categorized into larger projects or groups of related projects to allow for coordination during implementation. While nearly all projects identified in this chapter are eligible to receive partial funding from the NYS DOS, where possible other funding sources and partnership agencies have been identified. Detailed design concepts and cost estimates have been provided by Clark Patterson Lee for a select number of proposed projects; and included below. Many projects will require consultation and/or negotiation with private land owners, feasibility studies to be conducted, and construction drawings to be produced prior to permitting and construction. Other projects will rely on private investors/entrepreneurs or state/county agencies for implementation. All proposed construction projects will be required to initiate and complete the SEQR process before local or state approval, and any required permits will be granted.




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A. Developed Waterfront

Support existing and encourage the development of new retail and tourism based businesses in appropriate locations.There are numerous opportunities along the waterfront and in downtown for the expansion of existing businesses and for the development of new businesses that provide goods and services to both the year- round resident population and the seasonal tourism industry. The village seeks to expand the local tourism industry by increasing the number and variety of food and beverage establishments, retail, recreation, and lodging options in the WRA.

The Village of Union Springs will partner with area agencies like the Cayuga County Tourism Office and the Cayuga County Economic Development Agency (CEDA) to achieve their shared goal of developing a stable economic base in the community that caters to both residents and tourists alike. For example, the Cayuga County Tourism Office’s key initiatives of: encourage, develop, and promote unique local culinary experiences especially the Finger Lakes Sweet Treat Trail, wineries, breweries & farm-to-table; maintain Boomer market, while growing the Gen-X and Gen-Y markets; promote shoulder seasons; and continue regional partnerships and seek new alliances and coop opportunities align with the target markets identified for Union Springs in the Market Analysis conducted in Section 2 of the LWRP plan.

Project 1: Promote the development of new businesses and expansions to existing businesses including any or all of the following:

• Work with and encourage the owner of the ShurFine grocery store to expand their building and offerings to the community.

• Solicit the establishment of a full-service pharmacy in the downtown historic business district.

• Solicit the establishment of a small hotel or B&Bs in the WRA.• Encourage the development of more restaurants and family food choices in the area,

particularly in downtown; as well as a better variety of small stores that cater to both year-round residents and seasonal tourists.

• Encourage the establishment of agri-tourism enterprises such as a brew pub, farmers’ market, etc.

Estimated cost: Varies based on extent and location of projectsPotential funding sources: Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA) marketing funds, Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program, Market New York, NYS Empire State Development Grant Funds (ESD)Responsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Tourism Office, Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA), Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs




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Explore, and market options for the redevelopment/reuse of the industrial site (separate from the original historic Howland Stone Mill), currently owned by LPW Development, LLC, and adjacent to Frontenac Park. Identify ways to convert this site from an industrial manufacturing/warehouse facility to a more appropriate mixed-use retail and/or recreational facility that enhances the viewshed of Cayuga Lake rather than detracting from it. Work with CEDA and current property owners to identify options and negotiate their implementation. Some potential uses could include seasonal small scale retail uses like a farmers’ market, bistro/coffee shop, pop-up retail shop, etc.; and indoor recreational facilities.Estimated cost: Varies based on extent of redevelopment proposalsPotential funding sources: Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program, NYS Empire State Development Grant Funds (ESD), NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA), Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs

Establish a program that would provide funding, in terms of rent payments, to local entrepreneurs to open seasonal businesses (4-6 months) in vacant storefronts in downtown. The intent of this initiative is to help jump start new businesses, provide desired retail and service amenities to tourists and residents, and bring more people to the downtown area; with the ultimate goal of increasing the number of year-round businesses in the community. Work with area financial institutions, charitable foundations, and economic development agencies.Estimated cost: $ 10,000 (approx. $ 800.00 per month per business)Potential funding sources: Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program, NYS Empire State Development Grant Funds (ESD)Responsible and involved entities: Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA), Cayuga Lake National Bank, Generations Bank, Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs

After NYS DOT has completed their stormwater project, and the parcels they purchased have been put up for public auction or transferred to the Village, promote the redevelopment of the street front and buildings that were demolished for the NYS DOT stormwater project in the Historic Business District in downtown Union Springs with appropriate uses and complementary architecture. Work with CEDA, local, and regional developers and agencies.Estimated cost: Varies based on extent of redevelopment proposalsPotential funding sources: Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program, NYS Empire State Development Grant Funds (ESD), NYS Main Street ProgramResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA), Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs

Project 2:

Project 3:

Project 4:




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Project 7:

Project 8:

Project 6:

Preserve historic structures for adaptive reuseThere are several key historic properties and structures in the Village of Union Springs within the WRA that need attention for preservation and adaptive reuse. These structures and properties should be listed on the State and National Registers for their importance to the development history of the community; and, with their proximity to the lakeshore, be restored and renovated for public use.

Project 5: Through a feasibility study, explore the possibility of moving the village offices out of the old train station building in Frontenac Park to another location to free up the space for economic development or use as a community space so that the municipal use is not a stagnant use on the waterfront. The village will need to look into the requirements and restrictions for a long-term lease agreement for a non-municipal entity to occupy the space.Estimated cost: $ 25,000 (fee for feasibility study only, relocation costs to be determined by study)Potential funding sources: NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

List the Howland Stone Mill building on the National Register of Historic Places.Estimated cost: N/A- village staff and/or volunteer timePotential funding sources: N/ACurrent Ownership: LPW Development, LLCResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Conduct a feasibility study for restoration and redevelopment of the Howland Stone Mill building, a historically significant building; and identify potential developers and new uses for the space (based on the release of a RFP).Estimated cost: $ 50,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, New York State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), National Trust for Historic PreservationCurrent Ownership: LPW Development, LLCResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Restore and redevelop the Howland Stone Mill building, based on the results of the feasibility study conducted in Project 7, for a use or uses that are appropriate for the WRA, open to the public, and contextually done in a historically sensitive manner.Estimated cost: Varies based on results of feasibility studyPotential funding sources: Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program, Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA), National Park Service - Historic Preservation Grants & Tax Incentives, National Trust for Historic Preservation, NYS Empire State Development Grant Funds (ESD), New York State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO), NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) Environmental Protection Fund Grants Program for Parks, Preservation and Heritage (EPF)Responsible and involved entities: Cayuga Economic Development Agency (CEDA), Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs




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Develop and enforce design guidelines for future developmentIn order to preserve the historical character and natural scenic beauty in the community, design guidelines applicable to future development or redevelopment are necessary for certain areas within the WRA.

Project 9: Develop a transportation signage plan that assesses all public signage in the WRA; seeks to improve the consistency and design of signage throughout downtown; addresses elimination, consolidation, or relocation of existing signs; and provides design guidelines for a consistent streetscape appearance. This plan should also include the Cayuga County Wayfinding signage standards; the implementation of GPS and QR Codes for coordination for visitors with Smart Phones; and follow MUTCD standards. Engage with NYS DOT during development of the signage plan.Estimated cost: $ 10,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: NYS Department of Transportation, Village of Union Springs

Install new signage for downtown, in accordance with the transportation signage plan developed under Project 9, at the major entrances to the village, and as directional signage to public amenities like Frontenac Park, future trails, etc.Estimated cost: $ 23,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: NYS Department of Transportation, Village of Union Springs

Develop and adopt design guidelines and streetscape standards for the Historic Business District.Estimated cost: $ 25,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, Village of Union Springs

Incorporate design guidelines into the village’s zoning regulations that limit light pollution in order to protect dark skies for migratory birds.Estimated cost: $ 5,000Potential funding sources: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), NYS Department of State, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Develop and implement a streetlight consolidate/replacement plan for downtown Union Springs, Frontenac Park, and all parking lots in the village. New fixtures would be dark sky compliant (downward facing and shielded).Estimated cost: $ 2,500 plan; $ 30,000-$ 100,000 fixtures and installationPotential funding sources: NYS Department of State, Village of Union Springs Responsible and involved entities: NYS Department of Transportation, Village of Union Springs

Project 10:

Project 11:

Project 12:

Project 13:




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Project 15:

B. Natural Waterfront

Help control the spread of aquatic invasive species.Aquatic invasive plant species affect natural habitats and fisheries. Monitoring is needed to better understand the types of species present and the extent to which they are proliferating. Public education is needed so that residents, visitors, and boaters can recognize those species and take actions to prevent their proliferation. Project 14: Provide private marinas in the WRA with NYS DEC Aquatic Invasive Species Disposal

Stations (aka Weed Boxes) and educational signage/kiosks to help promote and facilitate the removal of aquatic weeds from boats. The public boat launch at Frontenac Park already has said box and signage.Estimated cost: $ 3,000Potential funding sources: NYS Canal Corporation, NYS Department of Environmental ConservationResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Support the Finger Lakes Institute Watercraft Steward Program; and request that they continue to provide stewards at Frontenac Park to help educate boaters about aquatic weeds and to make sure that all boats are clean and free of plant materials before entering Cayuga Lake; and before leaving the boat launch site after pulling out of the water. Provide funding for additional stewards to be stationed at Frontenac Harbor Marina and Hibiscus Harbor during the peak boating season. Assist the Finger Lakes Institute with their species identification and educational programs in the community.Estimated cost: $ 18,000 ($ 6,000 for each steward for 10-12 weeks)Potential funding sources: Finger Lakes Lake Ontario Watershed Protection Alliance (FL-LOWPA), NYS Canal Corporation, NYS DEC Aquatic Invasive Species Spread Prevention Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Finger Lakes Institute, Village of Union Springs

Secure funding to install boat washing stations at the marinas and public boat launch in the WRA to help prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species. Work with the marinas to provide matching funding and/or in-kind installation of the stations. Estimated cost: $ 39,000 (each station costs $19,500 x 2 marinas)Potential funding sources: NYS DEC Aquatic Invasive Species Spread Prevention Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project ProgramResponsible and involved entities: Local Marina Owners, Village of Union Springs

Project 16:




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CD3 Watercraft Cleaning Station1

Improve management of aquatic weedsDespite an existing Countywide program of weed harvesting, aquatic weeds continue to interfere with the enjoyment of Cayuga Lake by boaters and waterfront residents. Many comments to the public survey suggested consideration of increased weed harvesting in some of the most populated coves and near the village boat launch. Currently, the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District manages the aquatic weed harvesting program, but is responsible for several lakes in the county including Cayuga Lake, Owasco Lake, Little Sodus Bay (Lake Ontario), Lake Como, and Otter Lake.Project 17: Work with the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District to secure funding for

continued aquatic weed harvesting and removal in Cayuga Lake in areas that experience an overabundance of aquatic weeds which are found to be causing harm to wildlife habitats, impeding boat traffic, and negatively impacting the enjoyment of the lake by residents and visitors. The removal of aquatic weeds also removes some nutrients from the water body and can help reduce the occurrences of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Funding would be used for personnel and equipment costs associated with expanding the harvesting program in Cayuga Lake in Union Springs.Estimated cost: $ 45,000Potential funding sources: NYS DEC Aquatic Invasive Species Spread Prevention Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs




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Work with the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District to secure funding to expand the mechanical weed harvesting in Cayuga Lake by purchasing an additional aquatic weed harvester. The current harvester used by the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District is aging and does not operate as efficiently as needed to adequately control the aquatic weed infestations plaguing Cayuga Lake.Estimated cost: $ 300,000Potential funding sources: NYS DEC Aquatic Invasive Species Spread Prevention Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs

CC SWCD Weed Harvester in use at Frontenac Park2

Project 18:

Reduce erosion and stormwater run-off; and improve the quality of water flowing into creeks and Cayuga Lake from developed landStormwater runoff from developed land, including residential and business properties and roadways, contributes sediment and contaminants that impact water quality in Cayuga Lake and its tributaries. Runoff of nutrients and sediment also contribute to the aquatic weed growth that interferes with boating in the lake.Project 19: Participate in the development of the new Cayuga Lake Watershed Restoration &

Protection Plan and program. Maintain membership in with the Cayuga Lake Watershed Intermunicipal Organization. Work with other municipalities around Cayuga Lake to implement the recommendations from the plan within the WRA; and on all lands in the village that fall within the Cayuga Lake Watershed in order to more proactively reduce pollutants in of stormwater runoff and to improve water quality in the lake.Estimated cost: Varies (annual dues plus individual project costs TBD once implementation of the watershed restoration plan has begun)Potential funding sources: NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, NYS Department of Transportation, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Lake Watershed Intermunicipal Organization, Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Village of Union Springs




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Survey and evaluate areas along the lakeshore to identify areas in need of streambank stabilization; the techniques/BMPs that should be used in each identified location; and what the costs of these mitigation measures would be (Phase 1). Work with the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District to secure funding to implement the streambank stabilization methods as determined in the survey (Phase 2).Estimated cost: $ 25,000 (Phase 2 costs to be determined from results of survey)Potential funding sources: NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs

Conduct a green infrastructure feasibility study to identify the best locations for rain gardens and bio-swales to collect and filter runoff, improve groundwater recharge and the quality of surface waters; and develop a program to provide cost sharing and technical assistance to local stakeholders.Estimated cost: $ 24,000Potential funding sources: NYS Environmental Facilities Corporation / Green Innovation Grant Program, NYS Department of State, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, NYSERDA, Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation DistrictResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs

Distribute educational materials to residents and businesses to encourage the installation of rain barrels to reduce the quantity of stormwater runoff and improve the quality of runoff by increasing filtering through lawns and groundcover. Purchase a small stock of rain barrels from the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District (SWCD) to distribute to interested residents and businesses; and work with the SWCD to host a rain barrel building/usage workshop.Estimated cost: $ 5,000 (rain barrels are $ 65.00 each)Potential funding sources: NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs

Maintain and stabilize stream banks and roadside ditches in order to improve the collection and filtration of stormwater runoff and identify green alternatives to the existing designs, in accordance with the Cayuga County Water Quality Management Agency’s Guidelines for Municipal Maintenance of Roadside Ditches. Secure financial support for village and county highway departments.Estimated cost: $ 100,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, NYS Department of Transportation, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation, NYS Environmental Facilities Corporation/Green Innovation Grant Program, Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation DistrictResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs

Project 20:

Project 21:

Project 22:

Project 23:




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Work with the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District to provide technical and financial assistance to farm operators to implement sediment/erosion control Best Management Practices to reduce the quantity and improve the quality of runoff from agricultural lands. Specific projects may include:

• Preparation and implementation of nutrient management plans; • Creation of new sediment/nutrient filtering wetlands and new bio-retention areas; • Streambank stabilization; • Treatment of farm drainage system outflow before water reaches a creek or the lake; and • Use cover crops on agricultural lands to help minimize erosion and stormwater run-off issues.

Estimated cost: Varies by projectPotential funding sources: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Environmental Facilities Corp. - Green Innovation Grant Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of Agriculture & Markets, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, Village of Union Springs

Reduce the flow and improve the filtration of stormwater runoff from agricultural landRunoff from agricultural land may contribute to the buildup of sediment, pesticides, and nutrients in Cayuga Lake that can lead to the development of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), also known as Blue-Green Algae. The Agricultural Environmental Management (AEM) program, managed locally by the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District, works with farmers to identify and implement practices that reduce the potential for such contaminants to flow into water bodies.Project 24:

Improve methods for effective erosion control and stormwater management, including prevention of flooding during major storm events.The village has experienced destructive flooding during recent storm events due primarily to aging stormwater infrastructure, or in some locations, a lack of adequate infrastructure to handle stormwater. Erosion from upland farmland and other development projects has also created problems in the creeks and streams that feed into the existing stormwater infrastructure. The village adopted regulations for stormwater management, however; plans and improvements to stormwater systems are needed in order to reduce the risks for flooding in the future.Project 25: Develop a WRA-wide Stormwater Management Plan that addresses the long-term remediation

of uncontrolled stormwater runoff and associated erosion. Develop guidelines that could be used on a regular basis for future improvements to parking, stormwater runoff, natural filtration, green roofs, and erosion control. Estimated cost: $ 30,000Potential funding sources: Environmental Facilities Corp. - Green Innovation Grant Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, Village of Union Springs




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Develop and implement a Major Storm Event Plan that includes an engineering study that assess the maximum capacities of all dams, bridges, culverts, ditches and other stormwater structures throughout the Waterfront Revitalization Area with the goal of identifying inadequacies. Determine the need to upgrade at-risk structures for large storm events and implement appropriately engineered stormwater management flood prevention techniques within municipal roadways.Estimated cost: $ 30,000Potential funding sources: Environmental Facilities Corp. - Green Innovation Grant Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, Village of Union Springs

Project 26:

Protect significant natural areasThe protection of significant natural areas is important in order to maintain the overall character of the community and biodiversity within the WRA.Project 27: Hire a consultant to prepare a report that identifies rare types of flora and fauna and other

naturally and archaeologically sensitive areas that should be protected in the WRA; and also to design and create educational materials, including but not limited to brochures, kiosks, and interpretive signage, that can be placed in specific recommended locations in the WRA to help preserve and protect the identified species. The report should include cost estimates for printing, purchasing, and installing recommended educational materials.Estimated cost: $ 75,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, US Fish & Wildlife ServiceResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Finger Lakes Institute, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Village of Union Springs

Purchase and install kiosks and interpretive signage at locations identified from Project 27; and print educational brochures to be distributed to residents and visitors about the identification and importance of protecting and preserving these significant and rare types of flora and fauna.Estimated cost: To be determined by cost estimates provided in the report from Project 27.Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, US Fish & Wildlife ServiceResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Finger Lakes Institute, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Village of Union Springs

Work with the Union Springs Central School District to explore the possibility of establishing a nature center and educational area in/around the wetlands and oak forest behind the school on their property. Hire a consultant to conduct a feasibility study and prepare schematic plans. Estimated cost: $ 60,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic PreservationResponsible and involved entities: Union Springs Central School District, Village of Union Springs

Project 28:

Project 29:




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Project 31:

Maintain and enhance views of the waterfront.Scenic views and the beauty of the waterfront are the most appreciated aspects of the waterfront in this community. Views are important from public areas as well as from private properties.

Project 30: Hire a consultant to assist in the identification and designation of key scenic viewpoints and corridors, develop, and incorporate guidelines into local land use regulations to protect views from public and private properties when buildings are constructed or reconstructed in those areas.Estimated cost: $ 25,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Work with the Finger Lakes Land Trust to identify and secure conservation easement projects in environmentally sensitive areas of the WRA that would preserve natural resources, scenic viewsheds, endangered or threatened species, and provide low impact limited public access where appropriate.Estimated cost: Varies based on conservation projects that are identifiedPotential funding sources: Finger Lakes Land Trust, US Fish & Wildlife ServiceResponsible and involved entities: Finger Lakes Land Trust, Village of Union Springs

Prepare final designs and construction documents for improvements to Frontenac Park in accordance with the new conceptual development plan for Frontenac Park, developed by Clark Patterson Lee (see page 172). Construct said improvements in phases as necessary.Estimated cost: $ 6,508,000

• Frontenac Park Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP): $ 8,000• Phase 1: Boat Launch and Parking: $ 1,200,000• Phase 2: North End Improvements: $ 4,500,000• Phase 3: South End Improvements: $ 700,000• Phase 4: South Pond Improvements: $ 100,000

Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail, Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, Village of Union Springs

C. Public Waterfront

Upgrade existing outdoor public recreational facilitiesThe most widely used facilities for outdoor public recreation are located within Frontenac Park, including the public boat launch. A team from the consultant firm Clark Patterson Lee was hired as part of the development of this LWRP to identify and provide schematic designs for specific improvements within the park. Their designs and cost estimates are included in the projects below.Project 32:




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Proposed Improvements to South Pond along Factory StreetPhoto Simulation of Concept Plan

Proposed Improvements to South Pond Photo Simulation of Concept Plan




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Proposed Improvements to South Pond Photo Simulation of Concept Plan

Project 33:

Project 34:

Work with the Union Springs Central School District and the village’s Parks Committee to develop and provide regular programing and structured activities for school aged and younger children at Frontenac Park.Estimated cost: $ 5,000 (annual addition to park budget for programming)Potential funding sources: Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Prepare final design and construction documents and make improvements to the Frontenac Park Boat Launch. The proposed improvements include maintenance as well as partial replacements to the two existing boat launch bays and construction of a new launching bay to handle the high demand. The existing boat launch walking surfaces/docks need to be replaced due to the condition of the deteriorating concrete planks. The underwater concrete slabs also are in need of replacement and extension. The proposed repairs and expansion will improve the aesthetics of the launches, and reduce wait times for boaters.In addition to these upgrades, the village will construct a boat washing station to provide an efficient location for boats to be cleaned, ensuring users are good stewards to our local water resources, and helping to the fight against invasive species and improve the overall experience for boaters on Cayuga Lake.Estimated cost: $ 310,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State; NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs




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Develop new outdoor public recreational facilitiesCurrently, there are a limited number of established public recreational facilities in the community outside of Frontenac Park. The projects listed below aim to provide a larger network of trails and recreational opportunities across a larger area of the WRA. A team from the consultant firm Clark Patterson Lee was hired as part of the development of this LWRP to identify and provide schematic designs for new outdoor recreational facilities including trails and birding/viewing areas. Their designs and cost estimates are included in the projects below.

Project 35: Work with Finger Lakes Land Trust and the property owners of McDonalds Point to establish public trails starting from the park, birding areas, and/or natural conservation areas to help conserve this land and stave off inappropriate development. Estimated cost: $ 91,500.00 for stone dust trails or $ 409,000.00 for asphalt trails. Conservation Easement costs TBD.Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

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Project 36: Create a public nature trail/walking path around North Pond; and open the fence at the end of North Pond to allow for a pedestrian pathway that would connect Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) to Salem Street and Green Street.Estimated cost: $ 200,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs




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The village will acquire the RotoSalt property (1 Foundry Street) adjacent to the south end of Frontenac Park and add it to the park to increase public access to the lakeshore. After acquisition, the village will make some improvements to the property to help alleviate ongoing flooding issues and water quality issues in the lake due to the high volume of water that flows through an adjacent creek. These improvements will include, but are not limited to, re-grading the property, installation of a riparian buffer to help remove pollutants which might otherwise enter Cayuga Lake; and providing public access along the shoreline. Prohibiting access by boats and vehicles close to the shoreline will help to protect this “mini-cove” from erosion, and protect the scenic quality of this property.Estimated cost: $520,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State Local Waterfront Revitalization Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project ProgramResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Design and develop a “creek walk” outdoor plaza on Cayuga Street (NYS Route 90) between Factory Street and Basin Street over the new culverts after the NYS DOT has completed their stormwater control project in the area; and the parcels they purchased have been put up for public auction or transferred to the Village. As a result of the State’s project, it is anticipated that a net clear area of at least 34-40 foot wide will be created on the west side of Cayuga Street by removing several buildings to accommodate new stormwater control infrastructure; which will create an opportunity for additional public access to the waterfront. Engage with NYS DOT during development of this project.Estimated cost: $ 65,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of State Local Waterfront Revitalization Program, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) Environmental Protection Fund Grants Program for ParksResponsible and involved entities: NYS Department of Transportation, Village of Union Springs

Support the establishment of a birding trail along Cayuga Lake by the Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway Board; and help coordinate the development of future “spin-off” projects such as a Winter Waterfowl Festival.Estimated cost: N/A- village staff and/or volunteer timePotential funding sources: N/AResponsible and involved entities: Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs

Work with the Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail committee and existing landowners in the WRA to provide additional access points and trail amenities for paddlecraft users along the waterfront.Estimated cost: N/A- village staff and/or volunteer timePotential funding sources: N/AResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail, Village of Union Springs

Project 38:

Project 37:

Project 40:

Project 39:




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Project 42:

Provide visitor information and support community eventsThe Village of Union Springs hosts thousands of seasonal summer visitors each year; however; there is not a coordinated marketing/informational program to draw new visitors and to highlight all of the opportunities besides boating and fishing that are available in the community.Project 41: Work with the Frontenac Historical Society to conduct a feasibility study to establish

a visitor information and interpretation center in the WRA; and provide cost estimates for construction. Develop informational/marketing brochures (rack cards); print and distribute them for display at area businesses and in the new visitor center.Estimated cost: $ 50,000Potential funding sources: Market New York, NYS Council on the Arts- Arts and Culture Initiatives, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Tourism Office, Frontenac Historical Society and Museum, Village of Union Springs

Work with the Union Springs Chamber of Commerce to encourage and support events in downtown, Frontenac Park, and other areas in the WRA that will bring more people to the area; such as booking food trucks during a regularly scheduled concert series at the park.Estimated cost: $ 5,000 ($ 2,500 from the village paid annually to the Chamber of Commerce to support the summer concert series- payment for bands, advertising, etc.; rest from fundraising, grants, etc.)Potential funding sources: Village of Union SpringsResponsible and involved entities: Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs

D. Working Waterfront Area

Upgrade infrastructureCurrently, the water and sewer infrastructure under the public sidewalks that serve the businesses and residents in the project area are at the end of their useful life (many are original construction and over 100 years old); and the sidewalks, curbs, and pedestrian crossings are unsafe and in a state of critical failure.Project 43: Identify critical public infrastructure improvements, design, and prepare construction

documents to address infrastructure needs in the downtown Historic Business District. The engineering firm that is hired will be asked to prepare construction documents and accurate cost estimates for construction of the following:1. Redesign the pedestrian pathway system in the Historic Business District to meet, at a minimum,

Compete Street Standards with:• Replacing deteriorated and unsafe sidewalks, and curbing between the sidewalk and NYS Route

90 (Cayuga Street); and upgrading all intersections in the project area with new ADA compliant curb cuts (ramps) and highly visible crosswalks

• Providing landscaping plans and designs for new street trees, street lighting, wayfinding signage (based on the Cayuga County Wayfinding System plan), benches, trash cans, bike racks, and other public amenities.




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2. Address failing utility infrastructure by:• Upgrading water infrastructure- replacement of shut off valves and lateral connections to property

owners and replacement of deteriorated service lines where necessary• Upgrading sewer infrastructure- replacement of connections to property owners and replacement of

deteriorated service lines where necessary3. Upgrade aging overhead utility infrastructure and provide capacity for new technologies by:

• Installing appropriate conduit to bury overhead utility lines and service line connections to buildings along NYS Route 90 (Cayuga Street)- including the installation of new vaults where necessary

• Installing appropriate conduit to run high speed internet cable to serve the businesses and residents of the community

4. Design improvements to the storm drainage system to alleviate current and future flooding issues.Estimated cost: $ 1,435,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: New Visions Communications, Inc., NYS Department ofTransportation, NYS Electric & Gas (NYSEG), Verizon, Village of Union Springs

Proceed with Phase 2 of the infrastructure improvements for downtown Union Springs using the construction plans and construction cost estimates developed in Project 43.Estimated cost: To be determined by Project 43.Potential funding sources: Environmental Facilities Corporation (EFC), NYS Department of Transportation, NYS Empire State Development Grant Funds (ESD), Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP)Responsible and involved entities: New Visions Communications, Inc., NYS Department of Transportation, NYS Electric & Gas (NYSEG), Verizon, Village of Union Springs

In support of Policy 13.4 in Section 3, prepare an oil spill contingency and pollution prevention plan for all fuel and petroleum storage and sales facilities in the WRA that do not currently have one.Estimated cost: $ 20,000Potential funding sources: NYS Department of Environmental ConservationResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Project 44:

Project 45:

Improve the efficiency of the municipal wastewater system.The Village of Union Springs’ sewer treatment plant was first built in 1979 and has undergone numerous upgrades over the last few decades, but it is nearing its capacity limit. The treatment plant serves all of the Village of Union Springs and lakeshore areas in the Town of Springport.Project 46: Conduct a feasibility study to determine the options for separating the combined sanitary

sewer and storm water system to minimize potential overflow and flooding from large rainfall events, leading to the possibility of untreated water or sewage entering the lake; and/or upgrading the treatment system to increase capacity and to handle large rapid flows from storm events.Estimated cost: $ 300,000Potential funding sources: NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project Program, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs




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Project 47: Explore opportunities to use the treated solids from the wastewater treatment plant as a compost material for non-food uses.Estimated cost: N/A- village staff time to research and inquire with NYS DEC as to the ability to utilize treated solids for compost on municipal lands or for sale/distribution to landowners for non-food/garden uses.Potential funding sources: N/AResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Conduct a detailed study determining the state of functionality of the Union Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant and the collection system (including connections carrying storm/sump water), and include detailed estimated operating costs. The study should also include the following: a detailed time phased maintenance plan for the system including estimated costs; and a short and long term review with analysis of implementing new technologies including costs and benefits.Estimated cost: $ 40,000Potential funding sources: NYS DEC/EFC Wastewater Infrastructure Engineering Planning Grant, NYS Department of StateResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union Springs

Project 48:

Promote multi-modal transportation optionsTo increase the sustainability of the community, residents should be encouraged to take advantage of various environmentally friendly transportation options available to them for their out-of-town transportation trips for work, appointments, or leisure; and they should be encouraged to walk or bike as often as possible. To support this effort, the village will need to improve infrastructure and work to bring multi-modal options to the community.

Project 49: Provide publicly accessible electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in village-owned parking lots, making Union Springs a link between other communities on the NYS Route 90 Scenic Byway for environmentally conscious commuters, tourists, etc.Estimated cost: $ 20,000Potential funding sources: Climate Smart Communities Grant Program, NYS Department of State, NYSERDA Energy Efficiency ProgramResponsible and involved entities: Village of Union SpringsNote: Take advantage of the financial support that NYSERDA is currently providing for the establishment of publicly accessible electric vehicle (EV) charging stations.

Explore ways to promote a grassroots car sharing/carpooling program for residents in the three Cayuga Lake Villages for commuting back and forth to work.Estimated cost: N/A- volunteer time using social media apps like Facebook and Nextdoor.Potential funding sources: N/AResponsible and involved entities: Villages of Aurora, Cayuga, and Union Springs

Project 50:




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Support enhancements to marinas and docksIn order to protect the economic vitality of the recreational boating industry, which is the primary economic driver in the community, the existing marinas are in need of various improvements. These improvements range from upgrading existing infrastructure to increasing resilience against storm and flooding events, and new amenities for their customers. In addition to supporting the long-term economic stability of the marinas in the community, the village would like to enhance the appearance of the private docks along the lakeshore in order to preserve the scenic vistas across the lake that the community is known for.

Project 51: Work with the existing marinas to provide additional amenities and commercial business opportunities at their current location; and look for ways to assist them with upgrading their facilities, infrastructure, appearance, etc. including connecting their boat septic pump-out stations to the municipal sewer system instead of their current holding tanks.Estimated cost: Varies depending on individual needs and proposals from marinas.Potential funding sources: Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program, NYS DEC Water Quality Improvement Project ProgramResponsible and involved entities: Union Springs Chamber of Commerce, Village of Union Springs

Protect agricultural lands in the waterfront areaThe preservation and continuation of the working agricultural lands within the Waterfront Revitalization Area is critical to maintain the visual rural character of the community. These lands are also a vital tool for water quality protection in this area of the Cayuga Lake Watershed. The farmland in the WRA also offers opportunities for growth in the agri-tourism sector and could provide additional opportunities and activities for residents and tourists alike.

Project 52: Encourage the use of conservation easements on active farmland in the WRA. Work with the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, local land trusts, and land owners.Estimated cost: No upfront costs to solicit interest in the State’s PDR program. If a farm is selected by a land trust, then an application to NYSDAM will be made when a funding cycle is open; and the land trust will determine the cost of that project.Potential funding sources: NYS Department of Agriculture & MarketsResponsible and involved entities: Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development, Finger Lakes Land Trust, New York Agricultural Land Trust, Village of Union Springs

Citations1. Image of the CD3 Watercraft Cleaning Station. Available at: http://www.cd3station.com2. Photograph of the Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District’s Aquatic Weed Harvester in use at Frontenac Park taken by Kari Terwilliger, July 12, 2017.


Proposed Improvements to Frontenac ParkConcept Plan




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SECTION 5: TECHNIQUES FOR LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION

This section of the LWRP sets out existing laws and sections of village zoning code that relate to the LWRP Policies, proposed laws, amendments and other village actions necessary to support the LWRP policies and implementation strategies. Means by which to implement the LWRP include:

• The enforcement of existing laws and regulations supporting the LWRP;• The establishment of new laws and regulations specifically imposed to assist in the implementation of

the LWRP;• Establishment of local review regulations that evaluate proposed projects for consistency with the

LWRP policies; and• Identification of financial resources available to fund projects and programs of the LWRP.

5.1 LOCAL LAWS & REGULATIONS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE LWRP

Zoning Law (Local Law #1 of 2013)The Village of Union Springs’ zoning law, originally adopted in 1973, was updated and rewritten with assistance from the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development; and adopted in 2013. More details on the current zoning law are provided in Section 2 of the LWRP. Site Plan Review is incorporated into the Village zoning regulations. The current zoning law supports the implementation of the LWRP policies, however; to strengthen this support the village adopted a few minor zoning amendments. These amendments are provided in detail in Appendix B; and include historic preservation and waterfront design considerations for the Planning Board to consider during site plan review.

Flood Damage Prevention (Local Law #1 of 2007)In 2007 the village adopted a local law for flood damage prevention in compliance with the floodplain management requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program contained in federal regulations 44 CFR 60.3 through 60.6 to insure the municipality’s continued participation in the National Flood Insurance Program. The purpose of this local law is to promote the public health, safety, and general welfare, and to minimize public and private losses due to flood conditions in specific areas by provisions designed to:

1. regulate uses which are dangerous to health, safety and property due to water or erosion hazards, or which result in damaging increases in erosion or in flood heights or velocities;

2. require that uses vulnerable to floods, including facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction;

3. control the alteration of natural floodplains, stream channels, and natural protective barriers which are involved in the accommodation of flood waters;

4. control filling, grading, dredging and other development which may increase erosion or flood damages;5. regulate the construction of flood barriers which will unnaturally divert flood waters or which may

increase flood hazards to other lands, and6. qualify and maintain for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program.

The village continues to remain in compliance with the National Flood Insurance Program therefore; no amendments to this local law are necessary to implement the LWRP.

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Local Law to Prevent the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species in Cayuga LakeThe Cayuga County Local Law No. 6 for the Year 2013 titled: A Local Law to Prevent the Spread of Aquatic Invasive Species shall continue to be enforced by Cayuga County for all navigable waterways within the county.

Noise Ordinance (Local Law #2 of 1999)The Village of Union Springs shall continue to enforce the existing Noise Law of the Village of Union Springs adopted as Local Law #2 of 1999, which is sufficient to support the above mentioned policies of the LWRP; and has established regulations “...to preserve the public health, peace, welfare and good order by suppressing the making, creation, or maintenance of excessive unnecessary, unnatural or unusually loud noises, which are prolonged, unusual, and unnatural in their time, place and use and which are detrimental to the environment”.1

Wastewater Disposal (Local Law #1 of 1977)In 1977 the village adopted a local law which regulates the disposal of wastewater, the construction and use of public sewers, building of lateral connections, the discharge of waters and wastes into the public sewer system, and provides penalties for violations. This local law was amended in 1982 to include additional regulations for industrial uses and the disposal of industrial wastes. This amendment also included new and updated definitions. This local law, as amended, still serves the needs of the community and no additional amendments are necessary to implement the LWRP.

Listed below are a series of new laws or regulations that were adopted by the village in order to implement the LWRP.

LWRP Consistency Review Law (Appendix A)The Village of Union Springs adopted a Waterfront Consistency Review Law and Waterfront Assessment Form in conjunction with the adoption of this Local Waterfront Revitalization Program. The purpose of this local law is to provide a framework for agencies of the village to incorporate the policies and purposes contained in the Village of Union Springs LWRP when reviewing applications for actions or direct agency actions within the Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA); and to assure that such actions and direct actions by village agencies are consistent with the LWRP policies and purposes.

Zoning Law Amendments (Appendix B)The current zoning law supports the implementation of the LWRP policies, however; to strengthen this support the village adopted a few minor zoning amendments. These amendments are provided in detail in Appendix B; and include historic preservation and waterfront character, aesthetic, and design considerations for the Planning Board to consider during site plan review.

Dock and Mooring Law (Appendix B)In support of Policy 1: Foster a Pattern of Development in the Waterfront Area that Enhances Community Character, Preserves Open Space, Makes Efficient Use of Infrastructure, Makes Beneficial Use of a Waterfront Location, and Minimizes Adverse Effects of Development; Policy 3: Enhance Visual Quality and Protect Scenic Resources in the Waterfront Area; Policy 9: Provide for Public Access to, and Recreational Use of, Waterfront Waters, Public Lands, and Public Resources of The Waterfront Area; and Policy 10:




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Protect Water-Dependent Uses and Promote Siting of New Water-Dependent Uses in Suitable Locations; and to support the Harbor Management Plan within the waterside area of the Village of Union Springs (see Appendix F) the village developed and adopted a Dock and Mooring Law that regulates the location and size of future docks that will extend out into the lake in order to preserve the scenic quality and general enjoyment of the lake by all land owners and tourists. The purpose of the Dock and Mooring law is to reduce congestion, overcrowding, and hazards along the lakeshore, while preserving riparian rights of lakeshore owners. To meet the goals of the law, the Village’s Planning Board has developed specific design limitations on size, placement, and number of docks allowed per amount of lakefront owned; as well as general standards which include assessment of project impacts on navigation, aesthetics, congestion, and neighborhood character.

Stormwater Management and Erosion Control Law (Appendix B)In support of Policy 5: Protect and Improve Water Quality and Supply in the Waterfront Area, the Village of Union Springs developed and adopted a Stormwater Management and Erosion Control Law to minimize adverse impacts of new development and redevelopment. The law addresses the following actions:

• Improve highway and local road maintenance practices and incorporate winter road treatments that minimize pollutants;

• Retain as much of the natural vegetation as possible near the waterfront and avoid mass grading or clearing of land for development;

• Protect inlets to storm sewers by using suitable filtering devices during construction, and routinely keeping them clear of debris;

• Continually evaluate the effectiveness of storm collection systems, and make improvements, where possible, aimed at collecting and detaining sediments in filtering catch basins and retention areas;

• Require land development activities to conform to the substantive requirements of the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) General Permit for Construction Activities GP-02-01 or as amended or revised;

• Minimize increases in stormwater runoff from land development activities in order to reduce flooding, siltation, increases in stream temperature, and stream-bank erosion and maintain the integrity of stream channels;

• Minimize increases in pollution caused by storm water runoff from land development activities which would otherwise degrade local water quality;

• Minimize the total annual volume of stormwater runoff which flows from any specific site during and following development to the maximum extent practicable; and

• Reduce stormwater runoff rates and volumes, soil erosion and non-point source pollution, wherever possible, through stormwater management practices and to ensure that these management practices are properly maintained and eliminate threats to public safety.




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5.2 OTHER ACTIONS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THE LWRPThe village will maintain partnerships with several public and private entities to carry out the projects listed in this LWRP. These include, but are not limited to:

Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development• Support in the development of new land use regulations, guidelines, and policies• Support with CFA grant writing and project “que-ups”

Cayuga County Economic Development Agency• Administration of the Cayuga County Small Business Loan Program• Assistance and business planning to entrepreneurs and new businesses• Marketing and promotion of vacant buildings and lots available for new businesses

Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District• Aquatic Weed Harvesting• Invasive species management• Stormwater management education and construction activities

Cayuga County Tourism Office• Cooperative marketing to tourists and county residents

Cayuga Lake Scenic Byway• Cooperative marketing to tourists and county residents• Development of a Cayuga Lake Birding Trail with stops, information, and events in Union Springs• Development of additional Cayuga Lake Blueway Trail paddlecraft launch sites and amenities in Union

Springs• Improvements to Frontenac Park for paddlecraft users

Finger Lakes Land Trust• Conservation of strategic lands/habitats for endangered and threatened species• Public education regarding natural resource conservation• Trail enhancements and/or development of new public trails on conservation lands

NYS Office of General Services• Issuance of grants, easements, licenses, and other interests for activities and development affecting

State-owned uplands or lands under or formerly under water.

NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation• Improvements to Frontenac Park and Frontenac Island• New multi-use trails• Public education regarding natural resource conservation

NYS Department of Environmental Conservation• Construction and maintenance of boat launches and recreational areas• Fisheries management to support fishing-related tourism (continued stream and lake stocking)




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NYS Department of State• Provide funding and technical assistance to implement the LWRP

NYS Department of Transportation• Improvements to the stormwater system under NYS Route 90 (Cayuga Street) between Factory Street

and Basin Street that runs under buildings and businesses on both sides of the street, and through the creek down to Foundry Street and out to Cayuga Lake. Associated improvements along NYS Route 90 (Cayuga Street) also include:

~ streetscape and public amenities;~ other public infrastructure features (new water/sewer lines & connections, buried electric, etc.);~ demolition of buildings* on west side of the street in the project area.

*These buildings will be privately re-developed after the project is complete. See Section 4 for more details and concept plans.

The Nature Conservancy• Conservation of strategic lands/habitats for endangered and threatened species• Public education regarding natural resource conservation• Trail enhancements and/or development of new public trails on conservation lands

Union Springs Chamber of Commerce• Marketing and promotion of existing businesses• Marketing and promotion of vacant buildings and lots available for new businesses• Organization and promotion of community events

US Army Corps of Engineers• Construction and permitting for projects that take place in the waters of Cayuga Lake

US Fish & Wildlife Service• Conservation of strategic lands/habitats for endangered and threatened species• Public education regarding natural resource conservation• Wetland protection

5.3 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE LWRPAll State actions proposed within the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) shall be reviewed in accordance with the guidelines established by the New York State Department of State (see Appendix C). The review of proposed actions for consistency with the policies and provisions of the Village of Union Springs LWRP, including site plan and subdivision applications, will be undertaken by the Village Planning Board. Their recommendations will inform the decisions of the Village Board of Trustees or Village Zoning Board of Appeals, as appropriate. Any action that is proposed within the Village of Union Springs WRA and has to be approved, funded, or undertaken by the village requires completion of a Waterfront Assessment Form and must be reviewed for consistency with the LWRP policies, pursuant to the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program Consistency Review Law. The LWRP Consistency Review Law and Waterfront Assessment Forms for the Village of Union Springs is located in Appendix A of this LWRP.




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Recommendations for Implementation Priorities from Planning BoardThe Village Board of Trustees shall require the Planning Board to recommend priority projects from the LWRP for implementation. The Planning Board will also continue to focus on ongoing issues that were addressed in the LWRP but require further consideration and refinement. In order to provide an ongoing dialogue regarding the recommended improvements, the Village Board of Trustees shall establish an agenda line item for “LWRP Implementation Status” to receive updates from the Planning Board as long as it is relevant to do so.

5.4 FUNDING SOURCESState Funding Sources to Implement the LWRPThe implementation of the proposed actions identified in Section 4 could be funded through a combination of public and private sources. These costs could include capital expenditures and maintenance costs. The village will encourage private investment and make efforts to secure funding through State and Federal programs grants to support implementation of the identified LWRP actions.

Brownfield Opportunity Areas (BOA) ProgramThe NYS Department of State administers the Brownfield Opportunity Areas Program which provides assistance to communities to undertake activities resulting in neighborhood revitalization strategies for areas affected by brownfields or economic distress. The program enables communities to assemble effective strategies to return dormant sites and areas back to productive uses.https://www.dos.ny.gov/opd/programs/brownFieldOpp/index.html

Clean Water State Revolving Fund The NYS Environmental Facilities Corporation (EFC) manages the NYS Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) which provides interest-free or low-interest rate financing for wastewater and water quality improvement projects to municipalities throughout New York State. A variety of point source, non-point source, and national estuary projects are eligible for financing, including construction or restoration of sewers and wastewater treatment facilities, stormwater management, landfill closures, as well as habitat restoration and protection projects. The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) annually provides a grant to the state to capitalize the CWSRF program. EFC uses this federal money, along with the required State match funds equal to 20% to fund projects for the purpose of preserving, protecting, or improving water quality. As borrowers repay their loans, repayments of principal and interest earnings are recycled back into the CWSRF program to finance new projects and allow the funds to "revolve" over time.https://www.efc.ny.gov/CWSRF/

Consolidated Local Street and Highway Improvement Program (CHIPS)CHIPS provides State funds to municipalities to support the construction and repair of highways, bridges, highway-railroad crossings, and other facilities that are not on the State highway system. Funds are apportioned to municipalities annually by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) pursuant to a formula specified in this section of the Law. Upon approval of the State Budget, NYSDOT determines each municipality’s final CHIPS Capital apportionment for the new State fiscal year and notifies them of the available amount via the letter for the scheduled June payment and a posting to the Capital Apportionment Balances link on the CHIPS website. The Village of Union Springs currently receives CHIPS funding. https://www.dot.ny.gov/programs/chips




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Drinking Water State Revolving FundThe NYS Environmental Facilities Corporation (EFC) manages the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) which offers subsidized low interest rate financing and limited grants for construction of eligible water system projects to municipalities and public financing authorities in New York State. The program provides a significant financial incentive for public and private water systems to finance needed drinking water infrastructure improvements (e.g. treatment plants, distribution mains, storage facilities). Potential projects must be submitted to EFC for rating and listing on the Intended Use Plan (IUP.) Projects that protect maintain or improve water quality are eligible. Projects that are ready to proceed are generally funded. Limited funds are available. Suitable projects are those which address problems with the quality of a water supply source, including public sources and private “community” sources such as for a restaurant or manufactured home park. http://www.efc.ny.gov/DWSRF

Emergency Relief ProgramThe ER program is intended to help state and local highway agencies pay for the extraordinary costs incurred by repairing damage to facilities functionally classified as interstates, principal arterials, minor arterials, urban collectors and rural major collectors by either natural disasters or catastrophic failures. Examples of natural disasters include floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, tidal waves, severe storms or landslides. A bridge suddenly collapsing after being struck by a barge is an example of a catastrophic failure. ER funds may be used for both “emergency repairs” and “permanent repairs”. https://www.dot.ny.gov/programs/emergency-relief

Empire State DevelopmentEmpire State Development provides a variety of assistance aimed at helping businesses. It offer loans, grants and tax credits, as well as other financing and technical assistance, to support businesses and encourage their growth within New York State. The following ESD programs are available:

• Empire State Development Grant Funds• Excelsior Jobs Program• New York State Innovation Hot Spot Support Program• ESD Strategic Planning and Feasibility Studies• Market New York• New York State Grown & Certified Agricultural Producer’s Grant Program• Start-Up NY

https://esd.ny.gov/doing-business-ny

Environmental Protection FundThe Environmental Protection Fund (EPF) is a State program that offers matching grant funds for waterfront planning and development projects, parks and recreation improvements, and historic preservation projects. Funds can be used for planning and design services, for land acquisition and for the construction of project improvements. The Department of State and the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation both distribute EPF funding, typically on an annual basis through the State’s Consolidated Funding Application (CFA) process. The EPF criteria for recreation projects favor proposals that would provide additional water‐based recreation opportunities or access to water-based sites.https://parks.ny.gov/grants/historic-preservation/default.aspx




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Extreme Winter Recovery (EWR) The enacted NYS Fiscal Year 2017-18 State Budget includes a new $65 million EWR appropriation to help local governments make necessary repairs to highways and bridges and re-appropriates prior years’ EWR funding through the NYS Department of Transportation as part of the CHIPS program.https://www.dot.ny.gov/programs/chips

Green Innovation Grant ProgramThe NYS Environmental Facilities Corporation (EFC) manages the State’s Green Innovation Grant Program (GIGP) which provides grants on a competitive basis to projects that improve water quality and demonstrate green stormwater infrastructure in New York. A minimum of 10% up to 60% match from state or local sources is required. Green infrastructure practices treat rainwater as a valuable resource to be harvested and used on site, or filtered and allowed to soak back into the ground, recharging aquifers, rivers, and streams. The plants used in green infrastructure help to cool our surroundings and improve air quality through the process of evapotranspiration. These green practices have multiple benefits, which include restoring habitat, protecting against flooding, providing cleaner air, and beautifying our streets to spur economic development and community revitalization. https://www.efc.ny.gov/Default.aspx%3Ftabid%3D445

Local Government Efficiency (LGE) ProgramThe NYS Department of State provides grants to municipalities, school districts and special districts and public authorities for planning and implementation projects that will provide cost savings through consolidation of services. The goal of the program is to encourage these entities to work cooperatively with one another to deliver public services more efficiently and at a lower cost. Projects must demonstrate that the cost to deliver services through cooperative arrangements is less than the cost for such services to be delivered by individual entities. The grant amount may not exceed the amount of cost savings that would result from cooperation. Capital projects that require the cooperation of two or more entities should be considered for LGE funding under the Regional Delivery of Services or Shared Cooperative Services categories.https://www.dos.ny.gov/lg/lge/index.html

PAVE-NYThe current five-year State Transportation Plan provides $100 million per year through the PAVE NY program to assist municipalities with rehabilitation and reconstruction of local highways and roads. Funds are apportioned by NYSDOT according to the percentage of funds each municipality received under the NYS Fiscal Year 2016-17 CHIPS Program. PAVE-NY follows all the programmatic and reimbursement requirements of CHIPS, with one notable exception, eligible project activities are limited to Highway Resurfacing and Highway Reconstruction. https://www.dot.ny.gov/programs/chips/PAVE-NY

Recreational Trails ProgramThe New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation administers grants through the Recreational Trails Program (RTP) for the acquisition, development, rehabilitation and maintenance of trails and trail-related projects. Funds are available to non-profit organizations, municipal, state, and federal agencies, and other government entities. Funded projects must be identified as a component of a statewide or national trails system, or further a specific goal of SCORP or the Statewide Trails Plan or a local plan, and must be available to the general public. https://parks.ny.gov/grants/recreational-trails/default.aspx




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Water Quality Improvement Program (WQIP)The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) administers the Water Quality Improvement Program (WQIP), a competitive grant program which allocates funds from the Environmental Protection Fund to projects that reduce polluted runoff, improve water quality and restore habitat in New York’s waterbodies. Eligible applicants include municipal corporations, Soil and Water Conservation Districts and not-for-profit Corporations (in some cases). Applicable project types include Nonagricultural Nonpoint Source Abatement and Control (NPS) and Aquatic Habitat Restoration (AHR). Depending on the type of project, reimbursement is available for up to 85% of the total cost of the project.http://www.dec.ny.gov/pubs/4774.html

Federal Funding Sources to Implement the LWRPCommunity Development Block GrantNYS Homes and Community Renewal administers the competitive Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program for non-entitlement communities (municipalities with a population under 50,000 and counties with a population under 200,000.) Competitive CDBG grants are available for public facilities, community and economic development activities, wastewater and drinking water facilities, housing and public infrastructure projects. Project beneficiaries must be predominantly persons with low or moderate incomes. Projects must correct or prevent health and safety problems, slums or blight. The most highly rated infrastructure projects will be those that solve serious, documented public health and safety problems, such as private water supplies that are contaminated by bacteria or other substances.

Highway Safety Improvement ProgramThe purpose of the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) is to achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads through the implementation of infrastructure-related highway safety improvements. These funds can be used for trail development, where it is documented that use of the roadways has resulted in a significant number of accidents involving cycling and/or pedestrians. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/

National Park Service- Historic Preservation Grants & Tax IncentivesThe State, Tribal, and Local Plans & Grants Division of the National Park Service provides preservation assistance through a number of programs that support the preservation of America’s historic places and diverse history. They administer grant programs to State, Territorial, Tribal, and local governments, educational institutions, and non-profits in addition to providing preservation planning, technical assistance, and policy guidance. Their work supports historic properties and place-based identity, key components to the social and economic vitality of communities. The Federal Historic Preservation Tax Incentives program encourages private sector investment in the rehabilitation and re-use of historic buildings. The National Park Service and the Internal Revenue Service administer the program in partnership with State Historic Preservation Offices. https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1623/index.htm & https://www.nps.gov/tps/tax-incentives.htm

National Trust for Historic PreservationGrants from National Trust Preservation Funds (NTPF) are intended to encourage preservation at the local level by providing seed money for preservation projects. These grants help stimulate public discussion, enable local groups to gain the technical expertise needed for particular projects, introduce the public to preservation concepts and techniques, and encourage financial participation by the private sector. https://savingplaces.org/grants#.WPUMoGkrLmE




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Surface Transportation Block ProgramThe Federal Highway Administration’s Surface Transportation Block Grant program (STBG) provides flexible funding that may be used by States and localities for projects to preserve and improve the conditions and performance on any Federal-aid highway, bridge and tunnel projects on any public road, pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and transit capital projects, including intercity bus terminals. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/specialfunding/stp/

Water and Wastewater Disposal Loan and Grant ProgramU.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development provides loans and grants to water and wastewater facilities and services to low-income communities whose residents face significant health risks with service area populations below 10,000. Loan terms are typically 38-years. The interest rate is indexed to the Median Household Income of the municipality or service area. Eligible water and wastewater projects are those that serve economically disadvantaged populations and solve serious public health problems. Financial assistance should result in reasonable user costs for rural residents. https://www.rd.usda.gov/programs-services/water-waste-disposal-loan-grant-program

Local Government Funding Sources to Implement the LWRPThe Village of Union Springs government will be required to provide matching funds and/or in-kind contributions for all State (25-50% match) and federal grants (20% match). They can, of course, choose to take on project planning and construction with their own funding, if unsuccessful with State and federal funding applications. Where possible, partnerships with local and county businesses or organizations can supplement local government funding.

Village and County Parks and Public Works DepartmentVillage and county staff members, along with elected and appointed officials, should build local interest in the designated LWRP projects and develop funding proposals. Staff time will often provide in-kind contributions toward the local matching funds required.

Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation DistrictThe Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District (SWCD) is expected to continue to implement programs that result in the protection of water quality. These programs, which are funded by a combination of State and local sources, include Agricultural Environmental Management, Aquatic Vegetation Control, Erosion and Sediment Control, and Wastewater Management.

Private and Non‐Profit Sector InvolvementBuilding partnerships with members of the local business community and any non-for-profit is critical to long-term successful project development efforts. Leaders of the business community are key volunteers and leaders in the non-profit sector. The leadership of business representatives will strengthen grant applications and sometimes provide a source of matching funds for the local portion of State and federal grants.

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Funding Sources by Project TypeFor specific capital and infrastructure improvements and for the initiation of water quality improvement projects, the following hierarchy of funding sources could be tapped:

• Grant Programs such as those administered by the NYS Department of State (DOS) and the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) under the Environmental Protection Fund. These are generally matching funds granted to preserve, rehabilitate, restore, or acquire lands, waters or structures for park, recreation, conservation or preservation purposes.

• One time Congressional appropriations or NYS Assembly/Senate “member items”. These are generally for one-time, high visibility expenditures meeting a community/regional need.

• Bonding directly by local governments. To continue the mechanical harvesting of aquatic weeds in Cayuga Lake, multiple sources of local funding are expected to be required. These sources include: appropriations by Cayuga County and municipalities to the Soil & Water Conservation District; and funds raised by Aquatic Plant Growth Control Districts to fund the mechanical harvesting of aquatic weeds in designated areas. Such districts are authorized by Section 22-2200 of NYS Village Law and could established for properties along Cayuga Lake.

Local funding should be supplemented by State and Federal grants whenever possible. For on-going water quality programs, local funding may be raised through:

• General municipal and/or county tax revenues (general fund);• User fees for launch sites; or• User fee assessed on a per dock basis for commercial and/or residential docks.

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Citations1. Local Law #2 of 1999. Noise Law of the Village of Union Springs. Section 1. Legislative Intent, paragraph 1, line 3. Filed with New York State Department of State on August 26, 1999.




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SECTION 6: STATE ACTIONS & PROGRAMS LIKELY TO AFFECT LWRP IMPLEMENTATION

State actions will affect and be affected by implementation of the LWRP. Under State Law and the U.S. Coastal Zone Management Act, certain State and federal actions within or affecting the local waterfront area must be consistent, or consistent to the maximum extent practicable, with the enforceable policies and purposes of the LWRP. This consistency requirement makes the LWRP a unique, intergovernmental mechanism for setting policy and making decisions; and helps to prevent detrimental actions from occurring and future options from being needlessly foreclosed. At the same time, the active participation of State agencies is also likely to be necessary to implement specific provisions of the LWRP.

6.1 STATE ACTIONS & PROGRAMS WHICH SHOULD BE UNDERTAKEN IN A MANNER CONSISTENT WITH THE LWRPThis section identifies the actions and programs of State agencies that should be undertaken in a manner consistent with the LWRP. This is a generic list of actions and programs, as identified by the NYS Department of State; therefore, some of the actions and programs listed may not be relevant to this LWRP. Pursuant to the State Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act (Executive Law, Article 42), the Secretary of State individually and separately notifies affected State agencies of those agency actions and programs that are to be undertaken in a manner consistent with approved LWRPs. The lists of State actions and programs included herein are informational only and do not represent or substitute for the required identification and notification procedures. The current official lists of actions subject to State consistency requirements may be obtained from the NYS Department of State.

Aging, Office For The1.00 Funding and/or approval programs for the establishment of new or expanded facilities providing various services for the elderly.Agriculture and Markets, Department of1.00 Agricultural Districts Program2.00 Rural Development Program3.00 Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program4.00 Permit and approval programs: 4.01 Custom Slaughters/Processor Permit 4.02 Processing Plant License 4.03 Refrigerated Warehouse and/or Locker Plant License5.00 Farmland Protection Grants from the Environmental Protection Fund6.00 Agricultural nonpoint Source Abatement and Control Grant Program7.00 Farmers Market Grant Program8.00 Community Gardens Capacity Building Grant Program9.00 Management of Invasive Species funding

Alcoholic Beverage Control, Division of (State Liquor Authority)1.00 Permit and Approval Programs: 1.01 Ball Park - Stadium License

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1.02 Bottle Club License1.03 Bottling Permits1.04 Brewer's Licenses and Permits1.05 Brewer's Retail Beer License1.06 Catering Establishment Liquor License1.07 Cider Producer's and Wholesaler's Licenses1.08 Club Beer, Liquor, and Wine Licenses1.09 Distiller's Licenses1.10 Drug Store, Eating Place, and Grocery Store Beer Licenses1.11 Farm Winery and Winery Licenses1.12 Hotel Beer, Wine, and Liquor Licenses1.13 Industrial Alcohol Manufacturer's Permits1.14 Liquor Store License1.15 On-Premises Liquor Licenses1.16 Plenary Permit (Miscellaneous-Annual)1.17 Summer Beer and Liquor Licenses1.18 Tavern/Restaurant and Restaurant Wine Licenses1.19 Vessel Beer and Liquor Licenses1.20 Warehouse Permit1.21 Wine Store License1.22 Winter Beer and Liquor Licenses1.23 Wholesale Beer, Wine, and Liquor Licenses

Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services, Office of1.00 Facilities, construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Permit and approval programs:

2.01 Certificate of approval (Substance Abuse Services Program)3.00 Permit and approval:

3.01 Letter Approval for Certificate of Need3.02 Operating Certificate (Alcoholism Facility)3.03 Operating Certificate (Community Residence)3.04 Operating Certificate (Outpatient Facility)3.05 Operating Certificate (Sobering-Up Station)

Arts, Council on The1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Architecture and environmental arts program.

Canal Corporation1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other activities related to the management of land and other resources under the jurisdiction of the Thruway Authority and the Canal Corporation. 2.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition. 3.00 Permit and approval programs: Village of Macedon Local Waterfront Revitalization Program Section

VI Page 133.01 Advertising Device Permit

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3.02 Approval to Transport Radioactive Waste3.03 Occupancy Permit 3.04 Permits for use of Canal System lands and waters.

4.00 Statewide Canal Recreationway Plan 5.00 Direct and financial assistance related to improvements and enhancements to the State Canal System.Children and Family Services, Office of1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Bureau of Housing and Shelter Services/Homeless Housing and Assistance Program.3.00 Permit and approval programs:

3.01 Certificate of Incorporation (Adult Residential Care Facilities)3.02 Operating Certificate (Children's Services)3.03 Operating Certificate (Enriched Housing Program)3.04 Operating Certificate (Home for Adults)3.05 Operating Certificate (Proprietary Home)3.06 Operating Certificate (Public Home)3.07 Operating Certificate (Special Care Home)3.08 Permit to Operate a Day Care Center

Corrections and Community Supervision, Department of1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.

Dormitory Authority of the State of New York1.00 Financing of higher education and health care facilities.2.00 Planning and design services assistance program.

Education Department1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Permit and approval programs:

2.01 Certification of Incorporation (Regents Charter)2.02 Private Business School Registration2.03 Private School License2.04 Registered Manufacturer of Drugs and/or Devices2.05 Registered Pharmacy Certificate2.06 Registered Wholesale of Drugs and/or Devices2.07 Registered Wholesaler-Re-packer of Drugs and/or Devices2.08 Storekeeper’s Certificate

3.00 Administration of Article 5, Section 233 of the Education Law regarding the removal of archaeological and paleontological objects under the waters of the State.

Emergency Management, Office of1.00 Hazard identification.2.00 Loss prevention, planning, training, and operational response to emergencies.3.00 Technical support and disaster recovery assistance.

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Empire State Development1.00 Preparation or revision of statewide or specific plans to address State economic development needs.2.00 Allocation of the state tax-free bonding reserve.3.00 Loans, grants and tax credits, as well as other financing and technical assistance, to support businesses and encourage their growth within New York State

Energy Research and Development Authority, New York State1.00 Issuance of revenue bonds to finance pollution abatement modifications in power generation facilities and various energy projects.2.00 New Construction Program – provide assistance to incorporate energy-efficiency measures into the design, construction and operation of new and substantially renovated buildings.3.00 Existing Facilities Program – offers incentives to help offset the costs of implementing energy efficiency improvements in existing commercial facilities across New York State offers incentives for a variety of energy projects4.00 EmPower New York - Offers no-cost energy efficiency services such as insulation, air sealing, energy efficient light bulbs, and replacement of an inefficient refrigerator and freezer to low-income (such as HEAP-eligible) homeowners and renters5.00 Advanced Submetering Program - Supports the conversion of multifamily building systems with a master meter to advanced submeters.6.00 Agricultural Energy Efficiency Program - Offers assistance to eligible farms and on-farm producers in New York State for identifying and implementing electric and natural gas energy efficiency measures7.00 Cleaner, Greener Communities - Encourages communities to develop and scale-up sustainability practices that reduce carbon emissions through projects and methods that increase energy efficiency and renewable energy use.

Environmental Conservation, Department of1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other activities related to the management of lands under the jurisdiction of the Department.2.00 Classification of Waters Program; classification of land areas under the Clean Air Act.3.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.4.00 Financial assistance/grant programs:

4.01 Capital projects for limiting air pollution4.02 Cleanup of toxic waste dumps4.03 Flood control, beach erosion and other water resource projects4.04 Operating aid to municipal wastewater treatment facilities4.05 Resource recovery and solid waste management capital projects4.06 Wastewater treatment facilities4.07 State Wildlife Grants

5.00 Planning, construction, rehabilitation, expansion, demolition, or the funding of such activities and/ or projects funded through the Environmental Protection Fund (Environmental Protection Act of 1993) or Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Act of 1996.6.00 Funding assistance for issuance of permits and other regulatory activities (New York City only).

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7.00 Implementation of the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1972, including:(a) Water Quality Improvement Projects(b) Land Preservation and Improvement Projects including Wetland Preservation and Restoration

Projects, Unique Area Preservation Projects, Metropolitan Parks Projects, Open Space Preservation Projects and Waterways Projects.

8.00 Marine Finfish and Shellfish Programs.9.00 New York Harbor Drift Removal Project10.00 Permit and approval programs:

Air Resources10.01 Certificate of Approval for Air Pollution Episode Action Plan10.02 Certificate of Compliance for Tax Relief - Air Pollution Control Facility10.03 Certificate to Operate: Stationary Combustion Installation; Incinerator; Process,

Exhaust or Ventilation System10.04 Permit for Burial of Radioactive Material10.05 Permit for Discharge of Radioactive Material to Sanitary Sewer10.06 Permit for Restricted Burning10.07 Permit to Construct: a Stationary Combustion Installation; Incinerator; Indirect Source of Air

Contamination; Process, Exhaust or Ventilation SystemConstruction Management10.08 Approval of Plans and Specifications for Wastewater Treatment FacilitiesFish and Wildlife10.09 Certificate to Possess and Sell Hatchery Trout in New York State10.10 Commercial Inland Fisheries Licenses10.11 Fishing Preserve License10.12 Fur Breeder's License10.13 Game Dealer's License10.14 Licenses to Breed Domestic Game Animals10.15 License to Possess and Sell Live Game10.16 Permit to Import, Transport and/or Export under Section 184.1 (11-0511)10.17 Permit to Raise and Sell Trout10.18 Private Bass Hatchery Permit10.19 Shooting Preserve Licenses10.20 Taxidermy License10.21 Permit - Article 15, (Protection of Water) - Dredge or Deposit Material in a Waterway10.22 Permit - Article 15, (Protection of Water) - Stream Bed or Bank Disturbances10.23 Permit - Article 24, (Freshwater Wetlands) Hazardous Substances10.24 Permit to Use Chemicals for the Control or Elimination of Aquatic Insects10.25 Permit to Use Chemicals for the Control or Elimination of Aquatic Vegetation10.26 Permit to Use Chemicals for the Control or Extermination of Undesirable Fish Lands and Forest10.27 Certificate of Environmental Safety (Liquid Natural Gas and Liquid Petroleum Gas)10.28 Floating Object Permit10.29 Marine Regatta Permit10.30 Navigation Aid Permit

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Marine Resources10.31 Digger’s Permit (Shellfish)10.32 License of Menhaden Fishing Vessel10.33 License for Non-Resident Food Fishing Vessel10.34 Non-Resident Lobster Permit10.35 Marine Hatchery and/or Off-Bottom Culture Shellfish Permits10.36 Permits to Take Blue-Claw Crabs10.37 Permit to Use Pond or Trap Net10.38 Resident Commercial Lobster Permit10.39 Shellfish Bed Permit10.40 Shellfish Shipper's Permits10.41 Special Permit to Take Surf Clams from Waters other than the Atlantic Ocean10.42 Permit- Article 25, (Tidal Wetlands)Mineral Resources10.43 Mining Permit10.44 Permit to Plug and Abandon (a non-commercial, oil, gas, or solution mining well)10.45 Underground Storage Permit (Gas)10.46 Well Drilling Permit (Oil, Gas, and Solution Salt Mining) Solid Wastes10.47 Permit to Construct and/or Operate a Solid Waste Management Facility10.48 Septic Tank Cleaner and Industrial Waste Collector PermitWater Resources10.49 Approval of Plans for Wastewater Disposal Systems10.50 Certificate of Approval of Realty Subdivision Plans10.51 Certificate of Compliance (Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facility)10.52 Letters of Certification for Major Onshore Petroleum Facility Oil Spill Prevention and Control

Plan10.53 Permit - Article 36, (Construction in Flood Hazard Areas)10.54 Permit for State Agency Activities for Development in Coastal Erosion Hazards Areas10.55 State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) Permit10.56 Approval - Drainage Improvement District10.57 Approval - Water (Diversions for) Power10.58 Approval of Well System and Permit to Operate10.59 Permit - Article 15, (Protection of Water) - Dam10.60 Permit - Article 15, Title 15 (Water Supply)10.61 River Improvement District Approvals10.62 River Regulatory District Approvals10.63 Well Drilling Certificate of Registration10.64 401 Water Quality Certification

11.00 Preparation and revision of Air Pollution State Implementation Plan.12.00 Preparation and revision of Continuous Executive Program Plan.13.00 Preparation and revision of Statewide Environmental Plan.14.00 Protection of Natural and Man-made Beauty Program.15.00 Urban Fisheries Program.

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16.00 Urban Forestry Program.17.00 Urban Wildlife Program.

Environmental Facilities Corporation1.00 Financing program for pollution control facilities for industrial firms and small businesses.2.00 Clean Vessel Assistance Program - provides up to 75% of eligible project costs up to $60,000 to marinas, municipalities, and not-for-profit organizations for installing pumpout boats and up to $35,000 for installing or upgrading stationary pumpout units or upgrading pumpout boats.3.00 Clean Water State Revolving Fund - provides low-interest rate financing to municipalities to construct water quality protection projects such as sewers and wastewater treatment facilities.4.00 Green Innovation Grant Program - provides funding for eight specific green infrastructure practices5.00 Drinking Water State Revolving Fund - provides a significant financial incentive for public and private water systems to finance needed drinking water infrastructure improvements (e.g. treatment plants, distribution mains, storage facilities, etc.)6.00 Small Business Environmental Assistance Program - provides free, confidential technical assistance to New York’s small-business owners to assist them in complying with state and federal air regulations.

Facilities Development Corporation1.00 Facilities constriction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.

Financial Services, Department of 1.00 Permit and approval programs:

1.01 Authorization Certificate (Bank Branch)1.02 Authorization Certificate (Bank Change of Location)1.03 Authorization Certificate (Bank Charter)1.04 Authorization Certificate (Credit Union Change of Location)1.05 Authorization Certificate (Credit Union Charter)1.06 Authorization Certificate (Credit Union Station)1.07 Authorization Certificate (Foreign Banking Corporation Change of Location)1.08 Authorization Certificate (Foreign Banking Corporation Public Accommodations Office)1.09 Authorization Certificate (Investment Company Branch)1.10 Authorization Certificate (Investment Company Change of Location)1.11 Authorization Certificate (Investment Company Charter)1.12 Authorization Certificate (Licensed Lender Change of Location)1.13 Authorization Certificate (Mutual Trust Company Charter)1.14 Authorization Certificate (Private Banker Charter)1.15 Authorization Certificate (Public Accommodation Office - Banks)1.16 Authorization Certificate (Safe Deposit Company Branch)1.17 Authorization Certificate (Safe Deposit Company Change of Location)1.18 Authorization Certificate (Safe Deposit Company Charter)1.19 Authorization Certificate (Savings Bank Charter)1.20 Authorization Certificate (Savings Bank De Novo Branch Office)1.21 Authorization Certificate (Savings Bank Public Accommodations Office)1.22 Authorization Certificate (Savings and Loan Association Branch)

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1.23 Authorization Certificate (Savings and Loan Association Change of Location)1.24 Authorization Certificate (Savings and Loan Association Charter)1.25 Authorization Certificate (Subsidiary Trust Company Charter)1.26 Authorization Certificate (Trust Company Branch)1.27 Authorization Certificate (Trust Company-Change of Location)1.28 Authorization Certificate (Trust Company Charter)1.29 Authorization Certificate (Trust Company Public Accommodations Office)1.30 Authorization to Establish a Life Insurance Agency1.31 License as a Licensed Lender1.32 License for a Foreign Banking Corporation Branch

General Services, Office of1.00 Administration of the Public Lands Law for acquisition and disposition of lands, grants of land, grants of easement and issuance of licenses for land underwater, including for residential docks over 5,000 square feet and all commercial docks, issuance of licenses for removal of materials from lands under water, and oil and gas leases for exploration and development.2.00 Administration of Article 4-B, Public Buildings Law, in regard to the protection and management of State historic and cultural properties and State uses of buildings of historic, architectural or cultural significance.3.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition.4.00 Administration of Article 5, Section 233, sub. 5 of the Education Law on removal of archaeological and paleontological objects under the waters of the State.5.00 Administration of Article 3, Section 32 of the Navigation Law regarding location of structures in or on navigable waters.6.00 Section 334 of the State Real Estate Law regarding subdivision of waterfront properties on navigable waters to include the location of riparian lines.

Health, Department of1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Permit and approval programs:

2.01 Approval of Completed Works for Public Water Supply Improvements2.02 Approval of Plans for Public Water Supply Improvements.2.03 Certificate of Need (Health Related Facility - except Hospitals)2.04 Certificate of Need (Hospitals)2.05 Operating Certificate (Diagnostic and Treatment Center)2.06 Operating Certificate (Health Related Facility)2.07 Operating Certificate (Hospice)2.08 Operating Certificate (Hospital)2.09 Operating Certificate (Nursing Home)2.10 Permit to Operate a Children’s Overnight or Day Camp2.11 Permit to Operate a Migrant Labor Camp2.12 Permit to Operate as a Retail Frozen Dessert Manufacturer2.13 Permit to Operate a Service Food Establishment2.14 Permit to Operate a Temporary Residence/Mass Gathering

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2.15 Permit to Operate or Maintain a Swimming Pool or Public Bathing Beach 2.16 Permit to Operate Sanitary Facilities for Realty Subdivisions2.17 Shared Health Facility Registration Certificate

Homes and Community Renewal, Division of (and its Subsidiaries and Affiliates)1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition.2.00 Financial assistance/grant programs:

2.01 Federal Housing Assistance Payments Programs (Section 8 Programs)2.02 Housing Development Fund Programs2.03 Neighborhood Preservation Companies Program2.04 Public Housing Programs2.05 Rural Initiatives Grant Program2.06 Rural Preservation Companies Program2.07 Rural Rental Assistance Program2.08 Special Needs Demonstration Projects2.09 Urban Initiatives Grant Program2.10 Urban Renewal Programs

3.00 Preparation and implementation of plans to address housing and community renewal needs.4.00 Funding programs for the construction, rehabilitation, or expansion of facilities.5.00 Affordable Housing Corporation

Housing Finance Agency 1.00 Funding programs for the construction, rehabilitation, or expansion of facilities. 2.00 Affordable Housing Corporation

Job Development Authority 1.00 Financing assistance programs for commercial and industrial facilities.

Medical Care Facilities Financing Agency 1.00 Financing of medical care facilities.

Mental Health, Office of1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Permit and approval programs:2.01 Operating Certificate (Community Residence)2.02 Operating Certificate (Family Care Homes)2.03 Operating Certificate (Inpatient Facility)2.04 Operating Certificate (Outpatient Facility)

Military and Naval Affairs, Division of1.00 Preparation and implementation of the State Disaster Preparedness Plan.

Natural Heritage Trust1.00 Funding program for natural heritage institutions.

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Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Office of (Including Regional State Park Commissions)1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement, or other activities related to the management of land under the jurisdiction of the Office. 2.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.3.00 Funding program for recreational boating, safety and enforcement.4.00 Funding program for State and local historic preservation projects.5.00 Land and Water Conservation Fund programs.6.00 Nomination of properties to the Federal and/or State Register of Historic Places.7.00 Permit and approval programs:

7.01 Floating Objects Permit7.02 Marine Regatta Permit7.03 Navigation Aide Permit7.04 Posting of Signs Outside State Parks

8.00 Preparation and revision of the Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan and the Statewide Comprehensive Historic Preservation Plan and other plans for public access, recreation, historic preservation or related purposes.9.00 Recreation services program.10.00 Urban Cultural Parks Program.11.00 Planning, construction, rehabilitation, expansion, demolition, or the funding of such activities and/ or projects funded through the Environmental Protection Fund (Environmental Protection Act of 1993) or Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Act of 1996.

People with Developmental Disabilities, Office For1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition, or the funding of such activities.2.00 Permit and approval programs:

2.01 Establishment and Construction Prior Approval2.02 Operating Certificate Community Residence2.03 Outpatient Facility Operating Certificate

Power Authority of the State of New York1.0 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other activities related to the management of land under the jurisdiction of the Authority.2.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition.

Science and Technology Foundation1.00 Corporation for Innovation Development Program.2.00 Center for Advanced Technology Program.

Social Services, Department of 1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.2.00 Homeless Housing and Assistance Program.3.00 Permit and approval programs:

3.01 Certificate of Incorporation (Adult Residential Care Facilities)3.02 Operating Certificate (Children’s Services)

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3.03 Operating Certificate (Enriched Housing Program)3.04 Operating Certificate (Home for Adults)3.05 Operating Certificate (Proprietary Home)3.06 Operating Certificate (Public Home) 3.07 Operating Certificate (Special Care Home)3.08 Permit to Operate a Day Care Center

State, Department of2.00 Coastal Management Program.

2.01 Planning, construction, rehabilitation, expansion, demolition, or the funding of such activities and/or projects funded through the Environmental Protection Fund (Environmental Protection Act of 1993) or Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Act of 1996.

3.00 Community Services Block Grant Program.4.00 Permit and approval programs:

4.01 Billiard Room License4.02 Cemetery Operator4.03 Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code

5.00 Local Government Efficiency Grant Program - provides technical and financial assistance to help municipalities identify opportunities for cost savings.6.00 Citizens Re-organization and Empowerment Grant - provides financial and technical assistance to local governments for planning and implementation activities necessary for the re-organization of municipal government and government functions.

State University Construction Fund1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.

State University of New York1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other activities related to the management of land under the jurisdiction of the University.2.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding of such activities.

Transportation, Department of1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement and other activities related to the management of land under the jurisdiction of the Department.2.00 Construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition of facilities, including, but not limited to:

(a) Highways and parkways(b) Bridges on the State highways system(c) Highway and parkway maintenance facilities(d) Rail facilities

3.00 Financial assistance/grant programs:3.01 Funding programs for construction/reconstruction and reconditioning/preservation of municipal

streets and highways (excluding routine maintenance and minor rehabilitation)3.02 Funding programs for development of the ports of Albany, Buffalo, Oswego, Ogdensburg, and New York

3.03 Funding programs for rehabilitation and replacement of municipal bridges

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3.04 Subsidies program for marginal branch lines abandoned by Conrail 3.05 Subsidies program for passenger rail service3.06 Financial assistance to local governments for transportation enhancement activities.

4.00 Permits and approval programs: 4.01 Approval of applications for airport improvements (construction projects)4.02 Approval of municipal applications for Section 18 Rural and Small Urban Transit Assistance Grants (construction projects)4.03 Approval of municipal or regional transportation authority applications for funds for design, construction, and rehabilitation of omnibus maintenance and storage facilities4.04 Approval of municipal or regional transportation authority applications for funds for design and construction of rapid transit facilities4.05 Certificate of Convenience and Necessity to Operate a Railroad4.06 Highway Work Permits4.07 License to Operate Major Petroleum Facilities4.08 Outdoor Advertising Permit (for off-premises advertising signs adjacent to interstate and primary highway)4.09 Real Property Division Permit for Use of State-Owned Property

5.00 Preparation or revision of the Statewide Master Plan for Transportation and sub-area or special plans and studies related to the transportation needs of the State.6.00 Water Operation and Maintenance Program-- Activities related to the containment of petroleum spills and development of an emergency oil-spill control network.

Urban Development Corporation (and its Subsidiaries and Affiliates)1.00 Acquisition, disposition, lease, grant of easement, or other activities related to the management of land under the jurisdiction of the Corporation.2.00 Planning, development, financing, construction, major renovation or expansion of commercial, industrial, and civic facilities and the provision of technical assistance or financing for such activities, including, but not limited to, actions under its discretionary economic development programs such as the following:

(a) Tax-Exempt Financing Program(b) Lease Collateral Program(c) Lease Financial Program(d) Targeted Investment Program(e) Industrial Buildings Recycling Program

3.00 Administration of special projects.4.00 Administration of State-funded capital grant programs

Youth, Division of1.00 Facilities construction, rehabilitation, expansion, or demolition or the funding or approval of such activities.

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6.2 STATE ACTIONS & PROGRAMS NECESSARY TO FURTHER THE LWRPThis chapter provides a more focused and descriptive list of the immediately preceding chapter 6.1 listing under this LWRP Section 6, entitled, “State and Federal Actions and Programs Likely to Affect Implementation.” It is recognized that a State agency’s ability to undertake these listed actions is subject to a variety of factors and considerations; that the consistency provisions of the approved LWRP may not apply; and, that the consistency requirements cannot be used to require a State agency to undertake an action it could not undertake pursuant to other provisions of law. Reference should be made to Section 2, Section 4, and Section 5, which discuss local goals, proposed projects, and local implementation techniques, including State assistance needed to implement the approved LWRP.

Canal Corporation1. Provision of approvals and permits for development activities, and the acquisition, disposition, lease,

grant of easements or other activities on Canal Corporation lands.

Council on the Arts1. Assistance from the Architecture and Environmental Arts program for educational materials.

Department of Commerce 1. Provision of funding and assistance for development and promotion of local tourism programs and

activities.

Department of Economic Development 1. Provision of funding and assistance for development and promotion of local tourism programs and

activities.

Department of Environmental Conservation1. Planning, development, construction, major renovation, or expansion of facilities in waterfront,

including recreational improvement projects.2. Advance assistance under the Small Communities and Rural Wastewater Treatment Grant Program

and a subsequent construction grant subsidy.3. Review of actions within National Register Districts pursuant to SEQR.4. Administration of permits and approvals.5. Implementation of the Environmental Quality Review Act of 1972.6. Provision of operating aid to municipal wastewater treatment facilities.7. Administration of funding for resource recovery and management capital projects.

Department of State1. Provision of funding for the implementation of an approved LWRP.2. Provision of funding under the Community Services Block Grant program.

Department of Housing and Urban Development1. Continued funding and assistance as requested through the Community Development Block Grant/

Small Cities program and the Urban Development Action Grant program.

Department of the Interior1. Provision for funding under the Historic Preservation Grants-in-Aid program, when available.

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Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service1. Provision of investment tax credits for qualified building rehabilitation.

Department of Transportation1. Assistance for street repairs through the Consolidated Highway Improvements Program.2. Enhancements via the Transportation Efficiency Act for the 2Ist Century.3. Continued funding and assistance for Municipal programs and projects through enhancements. 4. Coordination of planned road improvements.5. Provision of assistance through the New York Safe Routes to School Program.6. Provision of funding through the New York Scenic Byway Program.7. Provision of funding through the Transportation Enhancement Program.

Division of Homes and Community Renewal1. Provision of funding under the Rural Preservation Company Program and the Small Cities Community

Development Block Grant Program.2. Approval of funding for Rural Area Revitalization Program projects.

Empire State Development1. Any action or provision of funds for the development or promotion of tourism related activities or

development.2. Any action involving the Seaway Trail.3. Any action or provision of funds for the development or promotion of tourism related activities or

development.

Office of General Services1. Prior to any development occurring in the water or on the immediate waterfront, OGS should be

contacted for a determination of the State’s interest in underwater, or formally underwater, lands and for authorization to use and occupy these lands.

2. In accordance with Section 334 of the NYS Real Property Law, any subdivision of waterfront properties on navigable waters must depict the location of riparian (including littoral) lines out into the navigable waters on the property survey that must be filed with the respective county clerk.

Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation1. Planning, development, construction, major renovation or expansion of recreational facilities or the

provision of funding for such facilities.2. Provision of funding for State and local activities from the Land and Water Conservation Fund.3. Planning, development, implementation, or the provision of funding for recreation services programs.4. Certification of properties within districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places.5. Provision of funding for State and local historic preservation activities.6. Review of Type I actions affecting a property listed on the National Register of Historic Places.7. Activities under the Urban Cultural Park program.8. Provision of planning and funding, and development of recreation services program.9. Nomination of properties to the State and National Register of Historic Places.10. Project review of State and Federal agency projects affecting National Register properties.

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SECTION 7: LOCAL COMMITMENT AND CONSULTATION

7.1 LOCAL COMMITMENTThe Village of Union Springs initiated their efforts to prepare a Local Waterfront Revitalization Program in 2015, when they contracted with the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development to submit an application for grant funding from the NYS Department of State through the Environmental Protection Fund Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (EPF LWRP). Cayuga County was awarded funds to prepare the LWRP on behalf of the village. In 2016, an Advisory Committee was established to oversee and guide the preparation of the program. The Advisory Committee was comprised of representatives from the Village Board of Trustees, Village Planning Board, and local residents.

This committee met twelve times during the planning process (July 27, November 2, and December 14, 2016; January 4, February 15, March 1, March 22, May 24, July 13, September 27, and October 18, 2017; and February 7, 2018) for the preparation of the draft LWRP.

A community survey was conducted in the fall of 2016. Staff from the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development conducted a survey during two days of the Bass Master Elite Fishing Tournament and Fish Cayuga Festival in June 2016; and an online and paper survey was prepared, conducted, and evaluated with assistance from a Syracuse University Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs student in the Community Link Program. A total of 184 persons completed the survey. In addition to a legal notice in the local newspaper, postcard notices were mailed to each property owner within the waterfront area, flyers were posted around the community, and notices were posted on the project website and Facebook page to encourage members of the public to complete the survey.

To strengthen local commitment for the village’s planning efforts, the Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development and the Advisory Committee held five public informational meetings to provide local citizens an opportunity to comment on significant issues and opportunities in the waterfront area. In addition to a legal notice in the local newspaper, postcard notices were mailed to each property owner within the waterfront area, flyers were posted around the community, and notices were posted on the project website and Facebook page to encourage members of the public to attend each meeting. Each of the meetings listed below were held at the Union Springs High School, either in the cafeteria or in the auditorium.

• The first meeting, a Community Kick-Off Meeting, was held on June 17, 2016 to launch the project and garner initial interest in the project from the public. Attendees of this meeting filled out applications to participate on the Advisory Committee; membership of which was ultimately determined by the Village Board of Trustees at a Board Meeting on July 11, 2016. This meeting was attended by 40 people.

• The second public meeting, a Community Visioning Meeting, was held on February 1, 2017 to solicit public input on the draft vision for the plan and to review Sections 1 & 2 of the plan. The Advisory Committee developed a draft vision for this meeting from the results of a public survey that was conducted in the fall of 2016. This meeting was also attended by 40 people.

• The third public meeting was held on June 16, 2017 to present and solicit public input on the draft program policies, proposed land and water uses, and proposed projects. This meeting was attended by 22 people.

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• The forth public meeting was held on November 15, 2017 to present and solicit public input on the draft plans and graphics prepared by Clark Patterson Lee for some of the proposed projects; and to review the proposed implementation program for the LWRP. This meeting was attended by 50 people.

• The fifth public meeting, was a public hearing to review the complete draft plan and draft waterfront consistency law was held at the on February 27, 2018. A total of 65 persons attended. This meeting was also held in the Union Springs High School Auditorium.

The information gathered at these meetings was utilized to shape the LWRP policies, as well as the proposed projects and implementation measures outlined in the program.

7.2 CONSULTATIONThe draft LWRP was reviewed and accepted as ready by the Village of Union Springs Board of Trustees for legal review by NYS DOS, at a Village Board Meeting on March 20, 2019. The board passed a resolution to submit the draft LWRP to the New York State Department of State for the formal 60-day legal review. On April 24, 2019, the Department of State initiated the 60-day review period for the draft LWRP, pursuant to the Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act and the State Environmental Quality Review Act. Potentially affected State and federal agencies; Cayuga County; and the adjacent Towns of Aurelius, Ledyard, Scipio, and Springport were informed of the review period of the draft LWRP. Comments received on the draft LWRP were reviewed and addressed by the village and the Department of State. The draft LWRP was revised to address the comments received from local, regional, state, and federal agencies.

A. Local ConsultationConsultation has consisted of maintaining a close relationship among village entities whose actions and/or functions may be affected by the LWRP. These include the Village Board of Trustees, Village Planning Board, Village Zoning Board of Appeals, and the Code Enforcement Officer.

The other local governments likely to be affected by the Village of Union Springs LWRP are the other municipalities along Cayuga Lake adjacent to the Village of Union Springs which include the Town of Aurelius, Town of Ledyard, Town of Scipio, and Town of Springport. These towns were notified of the initiation of the 60-day review period of the draft LWRP. No Towns submitted comments.

B. Regional ConsultationThe Cayuga County Department of Planning & Economic Development (CCPED), as part of their contract with the Village of Union Springs, was responsible for conducting all of the research, mapping, and analysis that informed the development of the draft LWRP. CCPED staff was also the primary facilitator for all committee and public meetings; and was tasked with producing all elements of the draft LWRP with the exception of the graphics and related cost estimates in Section 4 that were subcontracted for and prepared by Clark Patterson Lee. CCPED staff maintained regular contact and solicited feedback from several county and regional agencies and organizations throughout the development of the draft LWRP including:• Cayuga County Economic Development Agency• Cayuga County Office of Tourism• Cayuga County Soil & Water Conservation District• Cayuga Lake Watershed Network

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• Finger Lakes Institute• Finger Lakes Land Trust• The Nature Conservancy

All of the above listed agencies and organizations; along with the Cayuga County Department of Health and the Cayuga County Highway Department were notified of the initiation of the 60-day review period of the draft LWRP. No agencies or organizations submitted comments.

C. State Agency ConsultationConsultation with the Department of State has taken place throughout the preparation of the Draft LWRP. Telephone conversations and emails have focused on LWRP preparation, methods of implementation, legal and programmatic concerns. CCPED staff held monthly status update conference calls with staff from the Department of State to review plan sections as they were developed, review results of committee and public meetings, and to address issues and concerns. Representatives from the regional offices of the Department of Environmental Conservation, the Office of General Services, the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the Department of Transportation were also involved. Main and regional offices of state agencies were notified about the initiation of the 60-day review period of the draft LWRP. Four state agencies submitted a comment letter: the NYS Department of Transportation; the NYS Office of General Services; the NYS Department of Agriculture and Markets; and the NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation NYS Historic Preservation Office. The comments from the agencies were generally in regards to future coordination and review of some of the projects listed in Section IV. Related projects in Section IV were updated to include this information, as well as Section 5.2. The Village will continue to coordinate with all state agencies as necessary for all future projects in the WRA.

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APPENDIX A: LWRP CONSISTENCY REVIEW LAW &WATERFRONT ASSESSMENT FORM

This appendix contains Local Law #2 of 2021: Village of Union Springs Waterfront Consistency Review Law and the corresponding Waterfront Assessment Form, adopted by the Village of Union Springs on March 17, 2020.

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VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS, NEW YORKLOCAL LAW NO. 2 FOR THE YEAR 2021

VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGSWATERFRONT CONSISTENCY REVIEW LAW

Be it enacted by the Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs as follows: GENERAL PROVISIONS

I. Title.This local law will be known as the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Consistency Review Law.

II. Legislative authority and purpose.A. This local law is adopted under the authority of the Municipal Home Rule Law and the Waterfront Revitalization of

Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act of the State of New York (Article 42 of the Executive Law).B. The purpose of this local law is to provide a framework for agencies of the Village of Union Springs to incorporate

the policies and purposes contained in the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP) when reviewing applications for actions or direct agency actions within the Waterfront Revitalization Area (WRA) that lies within the municipal boundaries of the Village of Union Springs; and to assure that such actions and direct actions by Village agencies are consistent with the LWRP policies and purposes.

C. It is the intention of the Village of Union Springs that the preservation, enhancement, and utilization of the unique waterfront of the Village take place in a coordinated and comprehensive manner to ensure a proper balance between protection of natural resources and the need to accommodate limited population growth and economic development. Accordingly, this local law is intended to achieve such a balance, permitting the beneficial use of waterfront resources while preventing: loss and degradation of living waterfront resources and wildlife; diminution of open space areas or public access to the waterfront; disruption of natural waterfront processes; impairment of scenic, cultural or historical resources; losses due to flooding, erosion and sedimentation; impairment of water quality; or permanent adverse changes to ecological systems.

D. The substantive provisions of this local law shall only apply when there is in existence a Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program which has been adopted in accordance with Article 42 of the Executive Law of the State of New York.

III. Definitions.A. “Actions” include all the following, except minor actions:

(1) Projects or physical activities, such as construction or any other activities that may affect natural, manmade or other resources in the WRA or the environment by changing the use, appearance or condition of any resource or structure, that:

i. Are directly undertaken by an agency; orii. Involve funding by an agency; oriii. Require one or more new or modified approvals, permits, or review from an agency or agencies;

(2) Agency planning and policymaking activities that may affect the environment and commit the agency to a definite course of future decisions;

(3) Adoption of agency rules, regulations and procedures, including local laws, codes, ordinances, executive orders and resolutions that may affect waterfront resources or the environment; and

(4) Any combination of the above.

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B. “Agency” means any board, agency, department, office, other body, or officer of the Village of Union Springs.C. Waterfront area” means the waterfront revitalization area located within the boundaries of the Village of Union

Springs and delineated and described in the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program.D. “Waterfront Assessment Form (WAF)” means the form, a sample of which is appended to this local law, used by

an agency or other entity to assist in determining the consistency of an action with the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program.

E. “Code Enforcement Officer” means the Building Inspector and/or Code Enforcement Officer of the Village of Union Springs.

F. "Consistent" means that the action will fully comply with the LWRP policy standards, conditions, and objectives and, whenever practicable, will advance one or more of them.

G. "Direct Actions" mean actions planned and proposed for implementation by an agency, such as, but not limited to a capital project, rule making, procedure making, and policy making.

H. "Environment" means all conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development of living organisms or other resources in the waterfront area.

I. "Local Waterfront Revitalization Program” or “LWRP" means the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program of the Village of Union Springs, approved by the Secretary of State pursuant to the Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act (Executive Law, Article 42), a copy of which is on file in the Office of the Clerk of the Village of Union Springs.

J. "Minor actions" include the following actions, which are not subject to review under this local law:(1) Maintenance or repair involving no substantial changes in an existing structure or facility;(2) Replacement, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of a structure or facility, in kind, on the same site, including

upgrading buildings to meet building or fire codes, except for structures in areas designated by local law where structures may not be replaced, rehabilitated or reconstructed without a permit;

(3) Repaving of existing paved highways not involving the addition of new travel lanes;(4) Street openings and right-of-way openings for the purpose of repair or maintenance of existing utility facilities;(5) Maintenance of existing landscaping or natural growth, except where threatened or endangered species of

plants or animals are affected;(6) Granting of individual setback and lot line variances, except in relation to a regulated natural feature;(7) Minor temporary uses of land having negligible or no permanent impact on waterfront resources or the

environment;(8) Installation of traffic control devices on existing streets, roads and highways; (9) Mapping of existing roads, streets, highways, natural resources, land uses and ownership patterns;(10) Information collection including basic data collection and research, water quality and pollution studies, traffic

counts, engineering studies, surveys, subsurface investigations and soils studies that do not commit the agency to undertake, fund or approve any Type I or Unlisted action;

(11) Official acts of a ministerial nature involving no exercise of discretion, including building permits and historic preservation permits where issuance is predicated solely on the applicant’s compliance or noncompliance with the relevant local building or preservation code(s).

(12) Routine or continuing agency administration and management, not including new programs or major reordering of priorities that may affect the environment;

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(13) Conducting concurrent environmental, engineering, economic, feasibility and other studies and preliminary planning and budgetary processes necessary to the formulation of a proposal for action, provided those activities do not commit the agency to commence, engage in or approve such action;

(14) Collective bargaining activities;(15) Investments by or on behalf of agencies or pension or retirement systems, or refinancing existing debt;(16) Inspections and licensing activities relating to the qualifications of individuals or businesses to engage in their

business or profession; (17) Purchase or sale of furnishings, equipment or supplies, including surplus government property, other than the

following: land, radioactive material, pesticides, herbicides, or other hazardous materials;(18) Adoption of regulations, policies, procedures and local legislative decisions in connection with any action on

this list;(19) Engaging in review of any part of an application to determine compliance with technical requirements,

provided that no such determination entitles or permits the project sponsor to commence the action unless and until all requirements of this Part have been fulfilled;

(20) Civil or criminal enforcement proceedings, whether administrative or judicial, including a particular course of action specifically required to be undertaken pursuant to a judgment or order, or the exercise of prosecutorial discretion;

(21) Adoption of a moratorium on land development or construction;(22) Interpreting an existing code, rule or regulation;(23) Designation of local landmarks or their inclusion within historic districts;(24) Emergency actions that are immediately necessary on a limited and temporary basis for the protection or

preservation of life, health, property or natural resources, provided that such actions are directly related to the emergency and are performed to cause the least change or disturbance, practicable under the circumstances, to waterfront resources or the environment. Any decision to fund, approve, or directly undertake other activities after the emergency has expired is fully subject to the review procedures of this Part;

(25) Local legislative decisions such as rezoning where the Village Board of Trustees determines the action will not be approved.

K. “Waterfront Advisory Committee” or “Committee” means the committee of residents of the Village of Union Springs, as created pursuant to this law.

IV. Management and Coordination of the LWRPA. The Village of Union Springs Planning Board (the “Planning Board”) shall be responsible for overall management

and coordination of the LWRP. In performing this task the Planning Board shall:(1) Inform the Village Board of Trustees on implementation, priorities, work assignments, timetables, and

budgetary requirements of the LWRP.(2) Make applications for funding from State or other sources to finance projects under the LWRP.(3) Coordinate and oversee liaison between Village agencies and departments, to further implementation of the

LWRP.(4) Prepare an annual report on progress achieved and problems encountered in implementing the LWRP, and

recommend actions necessary for further implementation to the Village Board of Trustees.

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(5) Perform other functions regarding the waterfront area and direct such actions or projects as are necessary, or as the Village Board of Trustees may deem appropriate, to implement the LWRP.

B. In order to foster a strong relationship and maintain an active liaison among the agencies responsible for implementation of the LWRP, the Planning Board shall schedule at least semi-annually a LWRP coordinating council/assembly, including but not limited to representatives of the Village Board of Trustees, Planning Board, Zoning Board of Appeals, and such other departments or individuals charged with LWRP implementation.

V. Review of Actions.A. Whenever a proposed action is located within the waterfront area, each Village agency shall, prior to approving,

funding, or undertaking the action, make a determination that it is consistent with the LWRP policy standards summarized in Section I below. No action in the waterfront area shall be approved, funded, or undertaken by that agency without such a determination.

B. The Planning Board shall be responsible for coordinating review of actions in the Village’s waterfront area for consistency with the LWRP, and will advise, assist and make consistency recommendations for other Village agencies in the implementation of the LWRP, its policies and projects, including physical, legislative, regulatory, administrative, and other actions included in the program. The Planning Board will also coordinate with NYS Department of State regarding consistency review for actions by State agencies.

C. The Planning Board will assist each agency with preliminary evaluation of actions in the waterfront area, and with preparation of a WAF. Whenever an agency receives an application for approval or funding of an action, or as early as possible in the agency’s formulation of a direct action to be located in the waterfront area, the agency shall refer to the Planning Board for preparation of a WAF, a sample of which is appended to this local law. The Planning Board will coordinate their preliminary evaluation with permitting or other review by each agency or the agencies considering an action.

D. The Planning Board shall require the applicant to submit all completed applications, EAFs, and any other information deemed necessary to its consistency recommendation. The recommendation shall indicate whether, in the opinion of the Planning Board, the proposed action is consistent with or inconsistent with one or more of the LWRP policy standards and objectives and shall elaborate in writing the basis for its opinion. The Planning Board shall, along with its consistency recommendation, make any suggestions to the agency concerning modification of the proposed action, including the imposition of conditions, to make it consistent with LWRP policy standards and objectives or to greater advance them.

E. If an action requires approval of more than one agency, decision making will be coordinated between agencies to determine which agency will conduct the final consistency review, and that agency will thereafter act as designated consistency review agency. Only one WAF per action will be prepared. If the agencies cannot agree, the Mayor of the Village of Union Springs shall designate the consistency review agency.

F. Upon recommendation of the Planning Board, the agency shall consider whether the proposed action is consistent with the LWRP policy standards summarized in section I. herein. Prior to making its determination of consistency, the agency shall consider the consistency recommendation of the Planning Board. The agency shall render a written determination of consistency based on the WAF, the Planning Board recommendation and such other information as is deemed necessary to its determination. No approval or decision shall be rendered for an action in the waterfront area without a determination of consistency. The designated agency will make the final determination of consistency. The Zoning Board of Appeals is the designated agency for the determination of consistency for variance applications subject to this law. The Zoning Board of Appeals shall consider the written consistency recommendation of the Planning Board in the event and at the time it makes a decision to grant such a variance and shall impose appropriate conditions on the variance to make the activity consistent with the objectives of this law.

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G. Where an EIS is being prepared or required, the draft EIS must identify applicable LWRP policies and standards and include a discussion of the effects of the proposed action on such policy standards. No agency may make a final decision on an action that has been the subject of a final EIS and is located in the waterfront area until the agency has made a written finding regarding the consistency of the action with the local policy standards referred to in Section I. herein

H. In the event the Planning Board’s recommendation is that the action is inconsistent with the LWRP, and the agency makes a contrary determination of consistency, the agency shall elaborate in writing the basis for its disagreement with the recommendation and state the manner and extent to which the action is consistent with the LWRP policy standards.

I. Actions to be undertaken within the waterfront area shall be evaluated for consistency in accordancewith the following summary of LWRP policies, which are derived from and further explained and described in the Village of Union Springs LWRP, a copy of which is on file in the office and available for inspection during normal business hours. Agencies which undertake direct actions shall also consult with Section IV- Proposed Land Uses, Water Uses, and Projects of the LWRP, in making their consistency determination. The action must be consistent with the following policies as adopted in Section 3 of the Village of Union Springs LWRP:

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Policy Policy StatementDeveloped Waterfront Policies

Policy 1Foster a pattern of development in the waterfront area that enhances community character, preserves open space, makes efficient use of infrastructure, makes beneficial use of a waterfront location, and minimizes adverse effects of development.

Policy 1.1 Concentrate development and redevelopment in or adjacent to traditional waterfront communities.Policy 1.2 Ensure that development or uses take appropriate advantage of their waterfront location.Policy 1.3 Protect stable residential areas.Policy 1.4 Maintain and enhance natural areas, recreation, open space, and agricultural lands.Policy 1.5 Minimize adverse impacts of new development and redevelopment.Policy 2 Preserve historic resources of the waterfront area.Policy 2.1 Maximize preservation and retention of historic resources.Policy 2.2 Protect and preserve archaeological resources. Policy 2.3 Protect and enhance resources that are significant to the waterfront culture.Policy 3 Enhance visual quality and protect scenic resources throughout the waterfront area.Natural Waterfront PoliciesPolicy 4 Minimize loss of life, structures, and natural resources from flooding and erosion.Policy 4.1 Minimize losses of human life and structures from flooding and erosion hazards.Policy 4.2 Preserve and restore natural protective features.

Policy 4.3 Protect public lands and public trust lands and use of these lands when undertaking all erosion or flood control projects.

Policy 4.4 Manage navigation infrastructure to limit adverse impacts on lacustrine or riverine processes.

Policy 4.5 Ensure that expenditure of public funds for flooding and erosion control projects results in a public benefit.

Policy 4.6 Consider historic floods and erosion caused by major weather events when siting and designing projects involving substantial public expenditures.




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Policy Policy StatementPolicy 5 Protect and improve water quality and supply in the waterfront area.

Policy 5.1 Prohibit direct or indirect discharges which would cause or contribute to contravention of water quality standards.

Policy 5.2 Manage land use activities and use best management practices to minimize nonpoint pollution of waterfront areas.

Policy 5.3 Protect and enhance the quality of waterfront area waters.Policy 5.4 Limit the potential for adverse impacts of watershed development on water quality and quantity.Policy 5.5 Protect and conserve the quality and quantity of potable water.Policy 6 Protect and restore the quality and function of ecosystems within the waterfront area.Policy 6.1 Protect and restore ecological quality.Policy 6.2 Protect and restore freshwater wetlands.Policy 6.3 Protect vulnerable fish, wildlife, plant species, and rare ecological communities.Policy 6.4 Protect natural resources and associated values in identified regionally important natural areas.Policy 7 Protect and improve air quality in the waterfront area.Policy 7.1 Control or abate existing and prevent new air pollution.Policy 7.2 Limit discharges of atmospheric radioactive material to a level that is as low as practicable.

Policy 7.3 Limit sources of atmospheric deposition of pollutants to the waterway, particularly from nitrogen sources.

Policy 8 Minimize environmental degradation in the waterfront area from solid waste and hazardous substances and wastes.

Policy 8.1 Manage solid waste to protect public health and control pollution.Policy 8.2 Manage hazardous wastes to protect public health and control pollution.

Policy 8.3 Protect the environment from degradation due to toxic pollutants and substances hazardous to the environment and public health.

Policy 8.4 Prevent and remediate the discharge of petroleum products.

Policy 8.5Transport solid waste and hazardous substances and waste in a manner which protects the safety, well-being, and general welfare of the public; the environmental resources of the State; and the continued use of transportation facilities.

Policy 8.6 Site solid and hazardous waste facilities to avoid potential degradation of waterfront resources.Public Waterfront Policies

Policy 9 Provide for public access to, and recreational use of, waterfront waters, public lands, and public resources of the waterfront area.

Policy 9.1 Promote appropriate and adequate physical public access and recreation throughout the waterfront area.

Policy 9.2 Provide public visual access from public lands to waterfront lands and waters or open space at all sites where physically practical.

Policy 9.3 Preserve the public interest in and use of lands and waters held in public trust by the State, and other public entities.

Policy 9.4 Assure public access to public trust lands and navigable waters.

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Policy Policy StatementWorking Waterfront Policies

Policy 10 Protect water-dependent uses and promote siting of new water-dependent uses in suitable locations.

Policy 10.1 Protect existing water-dependent uses.Policy 10.2 Promote maritime centers as the most suitable locations for water-dependent uses.Policy 10.3 Allow for development of new water-dependent uses outside of maritime centers.

Policy 10.4 Improve the economic viability of water-dependent uses by allowing for non-water-dependent acces-sory and multiple uses, particularly water-enhanced and maritime support services.

Policy 10.5 Minimize adverse impacts of new and expanding water-dependent uses, provide for their safe oper-ation, and maintain regionally important uses.

Policy 10.6 Provide sufficient infrastructure for water-dependent uses.Policy 10.7 Promote efficient harbor operation.Policy 11 Promote sustainable use of living lacustrine or riverine resources in the waterfront area.Policy 11.1 Ensure the long-term maintenance and health of living lacustrine or riverine resources.Policy 11.2 Provide for commercial and recreational use of lacustrine or riverine resources.Policy 11.3 Promote recreational use of lacustrine or riverine resources.Policy 11.4 Promote managed harvesting of shellfish originating from uncertified waters.Policy 11.5 Promote aquaculture.Policy 12 Protect agricultural lands in the waterfront area.Policy 12.1 Protect existing agriculture and agricultural lands from conversion to other land uses.Policy 12.2 Establish and maintain favorable conditions which support existing or promote new agricultural land.Policy 12.3 Minimize adverse impacts on agriculture from unavoidable conversion of agricultural land.Policy 12.4 Preserve scenic and open space values associated with agricultural lands.

Policy 13 Promote efficient use and appropriate siting and design of energy production and storage and mineral extraction facilities, and associated infrastructure, to maximize efficiency and minimize potential or known harmful environmental impacts.

Policy 13.1 Encourage energy conservation and efficiency of energy production and use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and climate change.

Policy 13.2 Promote alternative energy sources that are self-sustaining, including solar and wind powered ener-gy generation.

Policy 13.3 Ensure maximum efficiency and minimum adverse environmental impact when siting major energy generating facilities.

Policy 13.4 Minimize adverse environmental and health impacts from fuel storage facilities.Policy 13.5 Minimize adverse impacts associated with mineral extraction.




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J. If the agency determines that an action will be inconsistent with one or more LWRP policy standards or objectives, such action shall not be undertaken unless modified to be consistent with the LWRP policies.

K. Each agency shall maintain a file for each action made the subject of a consistency determination, including any recommendations received from the Planning Board. Such files shall be made available for public inspection upon request.

VI. Enforcement.No action within the Village of Union Springs waterfront area, which is subject to review under this local law, shall proceed until a written determination has been issued from a village agency that the action is consistent with the Village of Union Springs LWRP policy standards. In the event that an activity is being performed in violation of this law or any conditions imposed thereunder, the Code Enforcement Officer or any other authorized official of the village shall issue a stop work order and all work shall immediately cease. No further work or activity shall be undertaken on the project so long as a stop work order is in effect. The Village Attorney, Village Code Enforcement Officer, and Cayuga County Sheriff’s Department shall be responsible for enforcing this local law.

VII. Violations.A. A person who violates any of the provisions of, or who fails to comply with any condition imposed by, this local law

shall have committed a violation, punishable by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars ($500.00) for a conviction of a first offense and punishable by a fine of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) for a conviction of a second or subsequent offense. For the purpose of conferring jurisdiction upon courts and judicial officers, each week of continuing violation shall constitute a separate additional violation.

B. The Village Attorney is authorized and directed to institute any and all actions and proceedings necessary to enforce this local law. Any civil penalty shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any criminal prosecution and penalty.

VIII. Severability.The provisions of this local law are severable. If any provision of this local law is found invalid, such finding shall not affect the validity of this local law as a whole or any part or provision hereof other than the provision so found to be invalid.

IX. Effective Date.This local law shall take effect immediately upon its filing in the office of the Secretary of State in accordance with Section 27 of the Municipal Home Rule Law.

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Village of Union SpringsWaterfront Assessment Form (WAF)

A. INSTRUCTIONS (Please print or type all answers)1. Applicants, or in the case of direct actions, Village of Union Springs agencies, shall complete this WAF for

proposed actions which are subject to the consistency review law. This assessment is intended to supplement other information used by the designated Village agency in making a determination of consistency with the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program.

2. Before answering the questions in Section C, the preparer of this form should review the policies and explanations of policy contained in the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP), a copy of which is on file in the Village Clerk’s office. A proposed action should be evaluated as to its significant beneficial and adverse effects upon the waterfront revitalization area.

3. If any questions in Section C on this form are answered "yes," then the proposed action may affect the achievement of the LWRP policy standards contained in the consistency review law. Thus, the action should be analyzed in more detail and, if necessary, modified prior to making a determination regarding its consistency with the LWRP policy standards. If an action cannot be certified as consistent with the LWRP policy standards, it shall not be undertaken.

4. This form should be filled out by the applicant and submitted to the Village of Union Springs Code Enforcement Officer.

B. DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND PROPOSED ACTION1. Type of Village of Union Springs agency action (check appropriate response):

a. Directly undertaken (e.g. capital construction, planning activity, agency regulation, land transaction):

b. Financial assistance

(e.g. grant, loan, subsidy):

c. Permit, approval, license, certification:

d. Agency undertaking action:

2. Describe nature and extent of action:

3. Location of action (Street or Site Description. Please include the parcel(s) tax map number(s)):

4. Size of site: 5. Present land use:

6. Present zoning classification:

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7. Describe any unique or unusual landforms on the project site(i.e. beach, wetlands, ground depressions, steep slopes, or other geological formations):

8. Percentage of site which contains slopes of 15% or greater:

9. Streams, lakes, ponds, or wetlands existing within or adjacent to the project area?a. Name:

b. Size (in acres):

10. Is the property currently serviced by public water? Yes No 11. Is the property currently serviced by public sewer? Yes No 12. If an application for the proposed action has been filed with a Village of Union Springs agency, the following

information shall be provided:a. Name of applicant: b. Mailing address:

c. Telephone number: ( ) --

d. Application number, if any:

e. Property tax number (please attach copy of taxmap with parcel highlighted):

13. Will the action be directly undertaken, require funding, or approval by a Yes No State or federal agency? If yes, which State or federal agency?

C. WATERFRONT ASSESSMENT Check either “Yes” or “No” for each of the following questions

Yes NoWill the proposed action be located in, or adjacent to, or have a potentially adverse effect upon any of the resource areas identified within the waterfront revitalization area? (See LWRP program for details)

a. Significant fish or wildlife habitats?

b. Scenic resources of local or statewide significance?

c. Important agricultural lands?

d. Natural protective features in an erosion hazard area?

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Yes No2. Will the proposed action have a significant effect upon:

a. Commercial or recreational use of fish and wildlife resources?

b. Scenic quality of the waterfront environment?

c. Development of future or existing water dependent uses?

d. Stability of the shoreline?

e. Surface or groundwater quality?

f. Existing or potential public recreation opportunities?

g. Structures, sites, or districts of historic, archaeological, or cultural significance to the Village of Union Springs, State, or nation?

3. Will the proposed action involve or result in any of the following:

a. Physical alteration of land along the shoreline or land under water?

b. Physical alteration of one (1) acre or more of land located elsewhere in the waterfront revitalization area?

c. Expansion of existing public services or infrastructure in undeveloped or low density areas in the waterfront revitalization area?

d. Energy facility not subject to Part VII or VIII of the NYS Public Service Law?

e. Mining, excavation, filing or dredging in waterfront waters?

f. Reduction of existing or potential public access to or along the shore?

g. Sale or change in use of publically-owned lands located on the shoreline or underwater?

h. Development within a designated flood or erosion hazard area?

i. Development on a beach, island, or other natural feature that provides protection against flooding or erosion?

j. Construction or reconstruction of structures that protect against erosion?

k. Diminished surface or groundwater quality?

l. Removal of ground cover from the site?

Yes No

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Page A- 13

Yes No4. Project Specifics:

a. If a project is to be located adjacent to shore:

i. Will water-related recreation be provided?

ii. Will public access to the foreshore be provided?

iii. Does the project require a waterfront site?

iv. Will it displace a recreational or maritime use?

v. Do essential public services and facilities presently exist at or near the site?

vi. Is it located in a flood prone area?

vii. Is it located in an area of high erosion?

b. If the project site is publicly owned:

i. Will the project protect, maintain, and/or increase the level and types of public access to water-related recreation resources and facilities?

ii. If located in the foreshore, will access to those and adjacent lands be provided?

iii. Will it involve the siting and construction of major energy facilities?

iv. Will it involve the discharge of effluents from major steam electric generating and/or industrial facilities within the waterfront revitalization area?

c. Is the project site presently used by the community neighborhood as an open space or recreation area?

d. Does the present site offer or include scenic views or vistas known to be important to the community?

e. Is the project site presently used for commercial fishing or fish processing?

f. Will the surface area of any waterways or wetland areas be increased or decreased by the proposal?

g. Does any mature forest (over 100 years old) or other locally important vegetation exist on this site which will be removed by the project?

h. Will the project involve any waste discharges into Cayuga Lake or any its tributaries?

i. Does the project involve surface or subsurface liquid waste disposal?

j. Does the project involve transport, storage, treatment, or disposal of solid waste or hazardous materials?

k. Does the project involve shipment or storage of petroleum products?

l. Does the project involve discharge of toxics, hazardous substances or other pollutants into Cayuga Lake or any its tributaries?




Page A- 14

Preparer’s Name (Please Print):

Title:

Agency:

Telephone Number ( ) --

Date

Yes Nom. Does the project involve or change existing ice management practices?

n. Will the project affect any area designated as wetland?

o. Will the project alter drainage flow, patterns, or surface water runoff on or from the site?

p. Will best management practices be utilized to control storm water runoff into Cayuga Lake or any its tributaries?

q. Will the project utilize or affect the quality or quantity of sole source or surface water supplies?

r. Will the project cause emissions which exceed federal or state air quality standards or generate significant amounts of nitrates or sulfates?

If the answer to any question, 1-4 and their sub-parts, above is yes, please explain in Section D any measures which will be undertaken to mitigate any adverse effects.

D. REMARKS OR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Add any additional sheets necessary to complete this form)

If assistance or further information is needed to complete this form, please contact the Village of Union Springs Code Enforcement Officer at (315) 730-7439 or [email protected].

*Note this Waterfront Assessment Form (WAF) will be used to help determine the consistency and compatibility of a proposed project or action within the Village of Union Springs Waterfront Revitalization Area boundary; however, this WAF shall not, and will not replace any required SEQRA review or associated forms. SEQRA forms shall be prepared by the applicant and submitted along with this completed WAF form; and the Village of Union Springs will review the content of both sets of forms simultaneously.




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APPENDIX B: ZONING AMENDMENTS AND LOCAL LAWS SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LWRP

This appendix contains excerpts from the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law which are new amendments necessary in order to implement the LWRP. This appendix also contains two new local laws and regulations that are necessary for the implementation of the LWRP, in addition to the Consistency Review Law found in Appendix A. The Village of Union Springs adopted the following zoning amendments and local laws on March 17, 2020 to implement this LWRP.

• Local Law #3 of 2021: Amendments to the Zoning Law to Include Historic Preservation Considerations During Site Plan Review

• Local Law #4 of 2021: Village of Union Springs Dock and Mooring Law• Local Law #5 of 2021: Village of Union Springs Stormwater Management, Erosion, and

Sediment Control Law

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VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS, NEW YORKPROPOSED ZONING LAW AMENDMENTS

Be it enacted by the Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs as follows: The following is an excerpt from the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law that shows the proposed amendments necessary to implement the LWRP. Note that existing text is shown in black and new language is shown in blue for clarification purposes.

15-5 PLANNING BOARD REVIEW OF PRELIMINARY SITE PLANA. The Planning Board shall review all preliminary site plans. The Planning Board’s review shall include, as appropriate,

but is not limited to, general consideration of the following:(1) Adequacy and arrangement of vehicular traffic access and circulation, including intersections, road widths,

pavement surfaces, dividers and traffic controls for parking, loading and drive-in facilities.(2) Adequacy and arrangement of pedestrian traffic access and circulation, walkway structures, control of

intersections with vehicular traffic and overall pedestrian convenience. In general sidewalks shall be required along all dedicated roads on lots within 1,000 feet of a school, park or residential concentration.

(3) Location, arrangement, appearance and sufficiency of off-street parking and loading. (4) Location, arrangement, size, design and general architectural and site compatibility of buildings, lighting,

signs and landscaping.(5) Waterfront development should assist in enhancing a waterfront character through compatible architectural

styles, elements, details and materials. It should also provide landscape and hardscape areas that are designed as integral features of the land use and that promote a waterfront character.

(6) Adequacy of storm water calculation methodology and storm water and drainage facilities to eliminate off-site runoff and maintain water quality.

(7) Adequacy of water supply and sewage disposal facilities.(8) Size, location, arrangement and use of required open space and adequacy of such open space to preserve

scenic views and other natural features, to provide wildlife corridors and habitats, to provide suitable screening and buffering; and to provide required recreation areas.

(9) Suitability of proposed hours of operation.(10) Protection of adjacent or neighboring properties against noise, glare, unsightliness or other similar nuisances.(11) Adequacy of community services, including fire, ambulance and police protection, and on-site provisions for

emergency services, including fire lanes and other emergency zones, fire hydrants and water pressure.(12) Adequacy and unobtrusiveness of public utility distribution facilities, including those for gas, electricity,

cable television and phone service. In general, all such utility distribution facilities shall be required to be located underground.

(13) Making provision for, so far as conditions may permit, the accommodation of solar energy systems and equipment and access to sunlight necessary thereof.

(14) Conformance with the Union Springs Comprehensive Plan and other planning studies.(15) Conformance with density, lot size, height, yard and lot coverage and all other requirements of district

regulations.

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Page B- 3

(16) Historic considerations. In approving or disapproving applications that may involve a historic site, the Planning Board shall consider the principles below. For the purposes of this section, a historic site shall be defined as a parcel of real property or a structure which has local historical significance as identified in the Village’s Comprehensive Plan; and which may be eligible for listing, or is already listed on the state or national register of historic places.a. Every reasonable effort shall be made to provide a compatible use for an historic site that requires

minimal alteration of the building, structure or site and its environment, or to use the historic site for its originally intended purpose.

b. The distinguishing original qualities or character of a building, structure, or site and its environment shall be retained. The removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive architectural feature should be avoided when possible.

c. All buildings, structures, and sites shall be recognized as products of their own time. Alterations that are incompatible shall be discouraged.

d. Changes that may have taken place in the course of time are evidence of the history and development of a building, structure, or site and its environment. These changes may have acquired significance in their own right, and this significance shall be recognized.

e. Distinctive stylistic features or examples of skilled craftsmanship that characterize a building, structure, or site shall be treated with sensitivity.

f. Deteriorated architectural features shall be repaired rather than replaced wherever possible. In the event replacement is necessary, the new material should match the material being replaced in composition, design color, texture, and other visual qualities. Repair or replacement of missing architectural features should be based on accurate duplication of features, substantiated by historic, physical, or pictorial evidence, rather than on conjectural designs or the availability of different architectural elements from other buildings or structures.

g. The surface cleaning of structures shall be undertaken with the gentlest means possible. Sandblasting and other cleaning methods that will damage the historic building materials or historic landscape features shall be not undertaken.

h. Every reasonable effort shall be made to protect and preserve archaeological resources affected by, or adjacent to, any project.

i. Contemporary design for alterations and additions to existing properties shall not be discouraged when such alterations and additions do not destroy significant historical, architectural, or cultural material, and such design is compatible with the size, scale, color, material, and character of the property, neighborhood, or environment.




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A LOCAL LAW TO PROVIDE FOR THE SITING OF DOCK AND MOORING STRUCTURES IN CAYUGA LAKE WITHIN THE VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS.

Be it enacted by the Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs as follows: Section 1: TitleThis local law shall be known and may be cited as the “Village of Union Springs Dock and Mooring Law.”

Section 2: PurposeA. The purpose and intent of this local law is to:

1. Regulate navigational access to Cayuga Lake, a navigable water of the State of New York and a resource that is held in public trust and owned by the State of New York, based on a set of standards that include, at a minimum:a. the length, dimensions and density of docks, moorings, and associated facilitiesb. the number of boats, or boat slips and moorings allowed per lineal foot of shoreline.

2. Protect the public’s interest in navigation, public access, fishing, swimming, environmental and aesthetic protection;

3. Ensure parcel owners’ reasonable navigational access to Cayuga Lake;4. Provide navigational access in a manner that minimizes overcrowding, congestion and hazards to navigation

on Cayuga Lake;5. Regulate and restrict the manner of construction and location of dock and mooring facilities, associated

facilities, and related structures constructed in or over the underwater lands of Cayuga Lake in a manner that is consistent with the laws and regulations of the State of New York and the United States within or bounding this municipality to a distance of 1,500 feet of the shoreline;

6. Protect the public health, safety and welfare;7. Advance the orderly development of the Village of Union Springs consistent with the provisions of any and all

local laws, regulations, or ordinances related to the land along the shoreline of Cayuga Lake.

Section 3: Authority and ApplicabilityA. In accordance with Section 46-a of the New York State Navigation Law and Section 922 of the New York State

Executive Law, the Village of Union Springs has the authority to enact and enforce local laws to regulate the manner of construction and location of dock and mooring facilities, associated facilities, and related structures including related accessory uses in any waters of Cayuga Lake bounding or within such municipality to a distance of 1,500 feet from the shoreline.

B. Based on this authority any and all construction, expansion, suspension, installation, anchorage, replacement, alteration, modification, or enlargement of any dock and mooring facilities, related structures and associated facilities in the waters of Cayuga Lake bounded by or within the Village of Union Springs to a distance of 1,500 feet from the shoreline shall comply with the provision of this local law. Any structure including but not limited to boat houses, gazebos, decks, porches and shelters, not related to dock and mooring, or providing reasonable navigational access is prohibited waterside of the shoreline.

Section 4: Compliance with State and Federal Laws and RegulationsA. Activities and actions regulated under this local law may also be subject to other state and federal laws or

regulations.




Page B- 5

B. When more restrictive state or federal regulations or laws are applicable, they shall take precedence.C. It is the responsibility of the parcel owner to obtain any and all state and federal permits that may be required.

These include, but are not limited to, the following state and federal laws:1. Other sections of NYS Navigation Law administered by the NYS Office of General Services.2. Article 3 Navigation Law of the State Section 32-c. regarding hazards to navigation as administered by the

NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation,3. Article 3 Navigation Law of the State NYS Navigation Law Section 35-a. Floating objects other than aids to

navigation as administered by the NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, or4. ECL Article 15; NYS Department of Environmental Conservation 6 NYCRR 608. Permits for Discharges of

Dredged or Fill Material into Waters of the United States administered by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Section 5: DefinitionsFor the purposes of this law the following definitions apply:Appendage: The portion of the dock that is attached to the main walkway.Associated Facilities: Boat accessory structures, boat stations, boat hoists, and boat hoist structures.Boat: Any vessel, floating craft, or personal watercraft which utilizes a dock or mooring facility including but not limited to canoes, rowboats, kayaks, sailboards, and other small boats or personal watercraft as defined in NYS Navigation Law Sec. 2 Subsection 30.Boat Accessory Structure: An enclosed storage structure, the purpose of which is the storage of related boating accessories and shall have no utility service except electricity. A boat accessory structure shall not be defined to mean a boat hoist structure, boat station or boat house.Boat Hoist: Any mechanical device the purpose of which is to remove the boat from the water for waterside storage and shall not have a roof.Boat Hoist Structure: A seasonal open-sided structure placed in the water with an attached mechanical device to raise or lift a boat out of the water for waterside storage. A boat hoist structure shall not be defined to mean a boat station, boat house or boat accessory structure.Boat House: A permanent enclosed structure that provides direct water or rail access for boats, and is wholly or partially supported or constructed below the shoreline. A boat house has a permanent roof and one or more enclosed sides and shall have no utility service except electricity. A boat house shall not be defined to mean a boat hoist structure, boat station or boat accessory structure.Boat Slip: A waterside storage area adjoining or within any structure, boat hoist structure, boat station, dock or pier, the purpose for which is the storage of a boat.Boat Station: A permanent open-sided structure with a roof, constructed in the water, with a mechanical device, the purpose of which is to raise or lift a boat out of the water for waterside storage. A boat station is intended as a permanent boat hoist structure. A boat station shall not be defined to mean a boat hoist structure, boathouse, or boat accessory structure.Dock: Any permanent or seasonal structure, fixed platform built on floats, columns, open timber, piles, or similar open-work supports, or, cantilevered structures that are designed to provide permanent or seasonal access from the shoreline to Cayuga Lake.Dock and Mooring Facility: One or more structures, docks, mooring buoys or a combination thereof, associated with an adjoining parcel used for the dock or mooring of boats.Dock and Mooring Permit: A permit issued according to the requirements of this local law.




Page B- 6

Enforcement Officer: The official designated by the legislative body of this locality to enforce the provisions of this local law.Height: The vertical distance measured from the shoreline to the highest portion of the building or structure.Lineal Feet of Shoreline: Length, in feet, of the land adjacent to, but not in, the water on a particular parcel of land.Main Walkway: The section of the dock that extends from the shoreline toward the center of the lake.Marina: A facility that provides dock and/or mooring facilities and associated land based support facilities such as parking, marine fueling, restrooms, marine dump station, and incidental sales and services.Mooring Buoy: A floating object anchored to the bed of the lake to which a boat could be attached for waterside storage. A mooring buoy is considered a boat slip for the allotment of dock and mooring facilities.Ordinary High Water Mark: That line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as a clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding areas. Permanent: The type of construction for any dock, boat station, structure, or boat accessory structure that is anchored to the bed of the lake and is not designed to be removed each season.Seasonal: The type of construction for any dock, boat hoist, or structure that is designed to be removed on an annual basis.Shoreline: The boundary of lands adjoining the lake, and is the line marked by the Ordinary High Water Mark.Structure: Anything constructed, erected, anchored, suspended, placed in, on or above, or, any object constructed, erected, anchored, suspended, or placed on the water side of the shoreline.Waterside: The lake side of the shoreline.

Section 6: Dock and Mooring RegulationsA. Dock and mooring structures, as accessory structures, for commercial properties shall be permitted in accordance

with Article VII, Section 7-1,f,(1),e of the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law.B. Allocation of Dock and Mooring Facilities. The number of dock or mooring facilities that may be constructed for

individual private residential properties shall be based upon lineal footage of shoreline, as set forth in Table 1 below; and the following:1. A parcel owner may distribute the permitted number of boat slips between boat slips and mooring buoys.2. The number of mooring buoys shall not exceed the total number of boat slips permitted for the parcel and their

placement must conform to the dimensional criteria contain in subparagraph D below.3. The boat storage capacity of existing boat stations shall be included in the total number of permitted boat slips.

TABLE 1- DOCK AND MOORING ALLOCATIONLineal Feet of Shoreline Category Number of Boat Slips Number of DocksA. 25’ to 50’ 1 1B. 50.01’ to 100’ 2 1C. 100.01’ to 150’ 3 1D. 150.01’ to 200’ 4 2E. 200.01’ + 4 +1 slip for every 50 feet of shoreline in

excess of 200.01’2 +1 additional dock for every 100 feet

of shoreline in excess of 200.01’




Page B- 7

C. Allocation of Associated Facilities. Boat accessory structures, boat stations, boat hoists, and boat hoist structures are Associated Dock and Mooring Facilities and are allocated and subject to the design standards as set forth in Table 2 below.1. Boat House. No boat house or similar structure shall be placed on the waterside end of a dock or extend beyond

the end of a dock in a manner which would effectively extend the overall length of the dock beyond the maximum length as permitted in subparagraph D below.

2. Boat Hoist Structure: One boat hoist structure is allowed for each boat slip.3. Boat Station: A boat station is designed for use as a permanent boat hoist structure. Only one boat stations is

allowed per parcel. For parcels where more than one boat slip is allowed, the boat station is limited to two boat slips. No boat station may be used as a dwelling, sleeping, lodging, or boarding place.a. A boat station may be substituted for one boat hoist structure where more than one boat slip is allowed.b. The following additional design standards are applicable to boat accessory structures:

i. The boat accessory structure shall not exceed 120 square feet, and 10 feet in height as measured from the top of the deck of the dock or pier. The 120 square feet is measured by the area enclosed by the exterior wall of the structure.

ii. A 12 inch roof overhang is allowed. Any area covered by a roof overhang in excess of 12 inches is allowed only if it has been included in the 120 square feet accessory structure allowance.

iii. If any or all of the area of the boat accessory structure is located on the land side of the shoreline, such area of the boat accessory structure is to be included in the square foot dock allowance.

iv. The boat accessory structure shall be constructed as close to the shoreline as possible. No part of the structure may extend beyond twenty (20) feet of the waterside of the shoreline.

TABLE 2- DESIGN STANDARDS FOR ASSOCIATED FACILITIESNumber of Stories/

Levels/FloorsRoof

Permitted Roof Slope Sides Permitted Height

Boat Hoist Structure 1 Yes Not applicable No ≤ 10’ above the deck

of the dock or pier.

Boat Station 1 Yes Not less than 3 and 12 or more than 4 and 12 No ≤ 10’ above the deck

of the dock or pier.Note: No associated facility may have a second floor/level/story /deck.

D. Design standards for Docks, Moorings, and Associated Facilities.1. Docks and moorings along with any boat house, boat hoist, or boat station that is attached to or placed adjacent

to such dock, or a vessel docked or moored thereto, shall be located such that no part of the aforementioned structures are less than ten (10) feet from side lot lines extended into the lake on either side of the subject property perpendicular to the shoreline.

2. Docks and moorings, along with any boat house, boat hoist, or boat station that that is attached to or placed adjacent to such dock, or a vessel docked or moored thereto, shall be centered as a unit between side lot lines for parcels with twenty-five (25) feet or less of shoreline; and these structures shall also be placed in such a manner as to not interfere with neighboring property owner’s navigational rights.

3. Mooring buoys shall be anchored so that the moored vessel is at all times within the side lot line spacing requirements for docks and moorings as provided in subparagraphs D, 1 and 2 above; and so as not to interfere with neighboring property owner’s navigational rights.




Page B- 8

4. No dock and mooring permit may be issued for mooring buoys that extend beyond forty (40) feet as measured from the shoreline without receipt of a permit from the NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation as authorized under Article 3 Navigable Waters of the State of New York §35-a or any successor laws or amendments.

5. Dimensional Requirements. Dock construction shall not exceed the following maximum dimensional criteria:a. Each permitted dock shall not exceed a total of eight-hundred (800) square feet, including walkways and

appendages. For the purposes of this section, width is measured parallel to the shoreline; length is measured perpendicular to the shoreline.i. The main walkway of the dock is the section of the dock that extends from the shoreline toward the

center of the lake. The main walkway shall not exceed a maximum width of eight (8) feet.ii. The length of the portion of the main walkway that extends from the shoreline towards the center of the

lake shall be no greater than forty (40) feet.iii. No part of the dock or associated structures and equipment shall extend beyond a line which is forty

(40) feet from the shoreline.iv. The use of fingers, “T” or “L” shaped appendages are permitted in any configuration from the main

walkway of the dock to form boat slip spaces.v. For parcels where two or more docks are permitted, the docks shall be separated by at least ten (10)

feet.

Section 7: Permit Requirements for Docks, Moorings and Associated FacilitiesA. A dock and mooring permit must be obtained prior to construction of any permanent dock, mooring, or associated

facilities. A Certificate of Compliance shall be issued after satisfactory inspection of the dock and mooring facility by the Enforcement Officer and prior to the use of the any of the dock and mooring facilities.

B. An application for a dock and mooring permit shall only be made to the Enforcement Officer by the parcel owner or its authorized agent.

C. The Village of Union Springs shall specify the form and content of the application and accompanying permits for a dock and mooring permit.

D. The Enforcement Officer shall require any necessary documentation for the location of any existing and/orproposed structures associated with the application and its review.

E. Any use or structure on the land side of the shoreline not regulated under this law, including those that are or proposed to be attached to a dock or associated facility or structure, are subject to the provisions of the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law and/or other applicable local laws, regulations or ordinances.

F. All other state and federal approvals or permits must be obtained before a dock and mooring permit is issued.1. If a state or federal permit requires issuance of a dock and mooring permit, the Enforcement Officer may issue

a conditional dock and mooring permit based on receipt of applicable state or federal permit.G. Permit requirements for seasonal docks, moorings, and associated structures.

1. Seasonal dock and mooring facilities are subject to all applicable requirements of this law.2. The Enforcement Officer shall require an owner to either obtain a Certificate of Conformity or provide a

Certificate of Non-Conformity for a facility installed prior to the adoption of this law.3. A dock and mooring permit issued for a seasonal dock or mooring facility does not need to be reissued each

time the facility is reinstalled, provided that such facility is installed each year and is in compliance with the original approval, and any conditions made thereto.




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Section 8: Nonconforming Dock and Mooring Facilities, Structures, and UsesA. Generally, no property owner is entitled to nonconforming use protection concerning the location of docks or

moorings because such are not permanent structures. This Local Law shall not apply to any permanent structure, no part of which is ordinarily removable, that was constructed prior to the adoption of this Local Law. No additions or alterations may be made to any such structure that is not in conformance with this Local Law.

Section 9: Appeals and VariancesA. The Village of Union Springs Zoning Board of Appeals shall have the power and jurisdiction to:

1. Hear an appeal of any order, requirement, decision, interpretation, or determination made by the Enforcement Officer as it pertains to this local law; and

2. Upon appeal from the decision or determination of the Enforcement Officer, grant an area variance according to the provisions and limitations of this section.

B. The Zoning Board of Appeals may reverse or affirm, wholly or partly, or may modify the order, requirement, decision, interpretation or determination made by the Enforcement Officer upon appeal, and, may make such an order, requirement, decision, or interpretation as in its opinion should have been made in the matter by the enforcement official only based on the requirements and limitations set forth in D. of this section.

C. Any person aggrieved by any order, requirement, decision, or determination of the Enforcement Officer may appeal to the Zoning Board of Appeals under the provisions of this Section.

D. To maintain a set of standards for the regulation of docks and moorings as is permitted by Section 46-a of the New York State Navigation Law and Section 922 of the New York State Executive Law, the power to grant variances by the Zoning Board of Appeals is limited to area variances from setbacks and dock configuration requirements.1. Setbacks from lot lines and/or dock configuration may be varied for the following purposes only:

a. To provide safe navigational access; orb. To minimize adverse environmental impacts on Cayuga Lake and its watershed.

2. Under no circumstances shall the following allocations or any use(s) established under this local law be varied:a. Increasing the number of slips and moorings;b. The number of docks;c. The square footage of the dock(s);d. The number or use of associated facilities; ore. Modify the size or use of boat accessory structures.

E. The Zoning Board of Appeals, in the granting of an area variance, shall grant the minimum variance that it shall deem necessary and adequate to meet the purposes set forth in D, 1 of this section.1. The Zoning Board of Appeals shall have the authority to impose such reasonable conditions and restrictions as

are directly related to furthering the purposes established in D, 1 of this section.F. The Zoning Board of Appeals shall follow the procedures set forth in §7-712-a. of NYS Village Law, as may be

amended from time to time.

Section 10: SeverabilityShould any section or provision of this local law be determined by any court to be unconstitutional or invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of this local law as a whole or any part thereof other than the part(s) so decided to be unconstitutional or invalid.




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Section 11: FeesThe Village of Union Springs Village Board of Trustees may, by resolution, establish appropriate fees for the review and processing of the permits under this local law.

Section 12: Violations and PenaltiesViolations of this local law shall be remedied according to the violation and penalty section of the Village of Union Springs Zoning Law and pursuant with §7-714 of NYS Village Law. In addition, other local and state laws may apply, including the New York State Navigation Law.

Section 13: Effective DateThis local law shall take effect upon adoption by the Village of Union Springs Village Board of Trustees as provided by law and ten (10) days after filing with the Secretary of State.




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VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGSSTORMWATER MANAGEMENT, EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL LAW

Be it enacted by the Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs as follows: Article 1. General ProvisionsSection 1. Findings of FactIt is hereby determined that:1.1 Land development activities and associated increases in site impervious cover often alter the hydrologic response

of local watersheds and increase stormwater runoff rates and volumes, which may cause flooding, stream channel erosion, or sediment transport and deposition;

1.2 This stormwater runoff contributes to increased quantities of water-borne pollutants, including siltation of aquatic habitat and an increase in water temperature which are detrimental to fish and other desirable species;

1.3 Clearing and grading during construction tends to increase soil erosion and add to the loss of native vegetation necessary for terrestrial and aquatic habitat;

1.4 Improper design and construction of stormwater management practices can increase the velocity of stormwater runoff thereby increasing stream bank erosion and sedimentation;

1.5 Impervious surfaces allow less water to percolate into the soil, thereby decreasing groundwater recharge and stream baseflow;

1.6 Substantial economic losses can result from the adverse impacts of stormwater runoff on the waters of the municipality;

1.7 Stormwater runoff, soil erosion, and nonpoint source pollution can be controlled and minimized through the regulation of stormwater runoff from land development activities;

1.8 The regulation of stormwater runoff discharges from land development activities in order to control and minimize increases in stormwater runoff rates and volumes, soil erosion, stream channel erosion, and nonpoint source pollution associated with stormwater runoff is in the public interest and will minimize threats to public health and safety;

1.9 Regulation of land development activities by means of performance standards governing stormwater management and site design will produce development which is more compatible with the natural functions of a particular site or an entire watershed and thereby mitigate the adverse effects of erosion and sedimentation from development;

1.10 Climate change and the increased risk of severe storms with the capacity to increase stormwater runoff and soil erosion pose a significant threat to a community’s sustainability and the safety of its citizens through potential increases in pollution of its waterways and damage to infrastructure, economic assets, and natural resources;

1.11 Green infrastructure is an effective and desirable method to reduce impacts from stormwater runoff and should be implemented in order to restore natural hydrologic regimes, increase infiltration, slow runoff, and protect communities from the risks associated with stormwater runoff and soil erosion;

1.12 Stream buffers and vegetated floodplains treat stormwater, improve water quality, reduce floodwater velocity, and provide a right-of-way for flood events; and

1.13 Fitting the development design to the terrain and avoiding steep slopes, floodplains, and wetlands helps to preserve the natural hydrology and drainage ways of a site; reduces the need for grading and land disturbance, and provides a framework for site design and layout.




Page B- 12

Section 2. PurposeThe purpose of this local law is to establish minimum stormwater management requirements and controls to protect and safeguard the general health, safety, and welfare of the public residing within this jurisdiction and to address the findings of fact in Section 1 hereof. This local law seeks to meet those purposes by achieving the following objectives:2.1 Minimize increases in stormwater runoff from land development activities in order to reduce flooding, siltation,

increases in stream temperature, and streambank erosion and maintain the integrity of stream channels;2.2 Minimize increases in pollution caused by stormwater runoff from land development activities which would otherwise

degrade local water quality;2.3 Minimize the total annual volume of stormwater runoff which flows from any specific site during and following

development to the maximum extent practicable;2.4 Reduce stormwater runoff rates and volumes, soil erosion and nonpoint source pollution, wherever possible,

through stormwater management practices and to ensure these management practices are properly maintained and eliminate threats to public safety;

2.5 Encourage the use of green infrastructure practices to control stormwater runoff such as protecting natural areas, reducing impervious cover, maintaining natural hydrology, and using runoff reduction techniques to the maximum extent practicable;

2.6 Adapt to current and projected climate change impacts, decrease risk of storm-related flooding, and increase resilience to severe storm surge;

2.7 Reduce the impact on the environment, protect water quality, reduce the potential for erosion and protect sensitive habitats by locating development away from floodplains, ecologically sensitive areas, and permeable soils, and limiting the amount of clearing and grading;

2.8 Meet the requirements of minimum measures 4 and 5 of the most current version of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Separate Stormwater Sewer Systems (MS4s);

2.9 Require land development activities to conform to the substantive requirements of the most current version of the SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activities;

Section 3. Statutory AuthorityIn accordance with Article 2, Section 10 of the Municipal Home Rule Law of the State of New York, the Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs has the authority to enact local laws and amend local laws not inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution or not inconsistent with any general law relating to its property, affairs or government, for the purpose of promoting the health, safety, or general welfare of the Village of Union Springs and for the protection and enhancement of its physical environment. The Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs may include in any such local law provisions for the appointment of any municipal officer, employees, or independent contractor to effectuate, administer, and enforce such local law.

Section 4. Applicability4.1 This local law shall be applicable to all land development activities as defined in this local law, Article 2, Section 1,

“Land Development Activity” located within the boundaries of the Waterfront Revitalization Area as defined and depicted in the Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program.

4.2 The municipality may designate a Stormwater Management Officer who shall accept and review all stormwater pollution prevention plans and forward such plans to the applicable municipal board. The Stormwater Management Officer may (1) review the plans, (2) upon approval by the Board of Trustees of the Village of Union Springs, engage the services of a registered professional engineer to review the plans, specifications and related




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documents at a cost not to exceed a fee schedule established by said governing board, or (3) accept the certification of a licensed professional that the plans conform to the requirements of this law.

4.3 All land development activities subject to review and approval by the Planning Board of the Village of Union Springsunder subdivision, site plan, and/or special permit regulations shall be reviewed subject to the standards contained in this local law.

4.4 All land development activities not subject to review as stated in Section 4.3 shall be required to submit a StormwaterPollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to the Stormwater Management Officer who shall approve the SWPPP if it complies with the requirements of this law.

Section 5. ExemptionsThe following activities may be exempt from review under this law.5.1 Agricultural activity as defined in this local law.5.2 Exempt silvicultural activity as defined in this local law.5.3 Routine maintenance activities that disturb less than one acre and are performed to maintain the original line and

grade, hydraulic capacity or original purpose of a facility.5.4 Repairs to any stormwater management practice or facility deemed necessary by the Stormwater Management

Officer.5.5 Cemetery graves.5.6 Installation of fence, sign, telephone, and electric poles and other kinds of posts or poles.5.7 Emergency activity immediately necessary to protect life, property, or natural resources.5.8 Activities of an individual engaging in home gardening by growing flowers, vegetable and other plants primarily for

use by that person and his or her family.5.9 Landscaping and horticultural activities in connection with an existing structure.

Article 2. Erosion and Sediment Control and Stormwater Management

Section 1. DefinitionsThe terms used in this local law or in documents prepared or reviewed under this local law shall have the meaning as set forth in this section.Agricultural Activity - the activity of an active farm including grazing and watering livestock, irrigating crops, harvesting crops, using land for growing agricultural products, and cutting timber for sale, but shall not include the operation of a dude ranch or similar operation, the construction of a barn or other agricultural building, silo, stockyard or pen, or structural practices identified in Table II in the Agricultural Management Practices Catalog for Nonpoint Source Pollution in New York State.Applicant - a property owner or agent of a property owner who has filed an application for a land development activity.Building - any structure, either temporary or permanent, having walls and a roof, designed for the shelter of any person, animal, or property, and occupying more than 100 square feet of area.Channel - a natural or artificial watercourse with a definite bed and banks that conducts continuously or periodically flowing water.Clearing - any activity that removes the vegetative surface cover.Dedication - the deliberate appropriation of property by its owner for general public use.Department - the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.




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Design Manual - the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual most recent version including applicable updates that serves as the official guide for stormwater management principles, methods and practices.Developer - a person who undertakes land development activities.Erosion Control Manual - the most recent version of the “New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control” manual, commonly known as the “Blue Book”.Floodplain - Land area adjacent to a river, stream, lake, estuary, or other water body that is subject to flooding. This area, if left undisturbed, acts to store excess floodwater.Floodplain, 100-year – The area adjoining a river, stream, or watercourse covered by water in the event of a 100-year flood. The 100-year flooding event is the flood having a 1 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in magnitude in any given year.Floodplain, 500-year - The area adjoining a river, stream, or watercourse covered by water in the event of a 500-year flood. The 500-year flooding event is the flood having a 0.2% percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in magnitude in any given year.Floodway - The channel of a river or other watercourse and adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one foot.Grading - excavation or fill of material, including the resulting conditions thereof.Green Infrastructure - Green infrastructure approaches infiltrate, evapotranspire or reuse stormwater, using soils and vegetation rather than hardscape collection, conveyance and storage structures. Common green infrastructure approaches include green roofs, trees and tree boxes, rain gardens, vegetated swales, pocket wetlands, infiltration planters, vegetated median strips, reforestation, and protection and enhancement of riparian buffers and floodplains.Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG) – A Natural Resource Conservation Service classification system in which soils are categorized into four runoff potential groups.Impervious Cover - those surfaces, improvements and structures that cannot effectively infiltrate rainfall, snow melt and water (e.g., building rooftops, pavement, sidewalks, driveways, etc).Industrial Stormwater Permit - a State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit issued to a commercial industry or group of industries which regulates the pollutant levels associated with industrial stormwater discharges or specifies on-site pollution control strategies.Infiltration - the process of percolating stormwater into the subsoil.Land Development Activity - construction activity including clearing, grading, excavating, regulated silvicultural activity, soil disturbance or placement of fill that results in land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre, or activities disturbing less than one acre of total land area that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale, and will occur under one plan.Landowner - the legal or beneficial owner of land, including those holding the right to purchase or lease the land, or any other person holding proprietary rights in the land.Maintenance Agreement - a legally recorded document that acts as a property deed restriction, and which provides for long-term maintenance of stormwater management practices.Mean High Water Mark - the average annual high water level.Nonpoint Source Pollution - pollution from any source other than from any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyances, and shall include, but not be limited to, pollutants from agricultural, silvicultural, mining, construction, subsurface disposal and urban runoff sources.




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Ordinary High Water Mark - that line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as a clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding areas.Phasing - clearing a parcel of land in distinct pieces or parts, with the stabilization of each piece completed before the clearing of the next.Pollutant of Concern - sediment or a water quality measurement that addresses sediment (such as total suspended solids, turbidity or siltation) and any other pollutant that has been identified as a cause of impairment of any water body that will receive a discharge from the land development activity.Project - land development activity.Qualified Inspector - a person that is knowledgeable in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control, such as a licensed Professional Engineer, Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), Registered Landscape Architect, or other Department endorsed individual. It can also mean someone working the direct supervision of, and at the same company as, the licensed Professional Engineer or Registered Landscape Architect, provided that person has received Department-endorsed training in the principles and practices of erosion and sediment control.Recharge - the replenishment of underground water reserves.Riparian - Belonging or related to the bank of a water body, including rivers, streams, wetlands, lakes, ponds, or impoundments.Riparian Buffer - A vegetated area, including trees, shrubs, and herbaceous vegetation, adjacent to a water body.Runoff Reduction Volume (RRv) - Reduction of the total Water Quality Volume (WQv) by application of runoff reduction techniques and standard Stormwater Management Practices (SMPs) with RRv capacity to replicate predevelopment hydrology.Sediment Control - measures that prevent eroded sediment from leaving the site.Sensitive Areas -cold water fisheries, shellfish beds, swimming beaches, groundwater recharge areas, water supply reservoirs, wetlands, habitats for threatened, endangered or special concern species, highly erodible soils and/or soils with slopes greater than 15 percent, 100- and 500-year floodplains, unique geological features, mature forests.Silvicultural Activity - Exempt - activities related to the dedicated and cyclic use of land for the periodic production of timber that have limited potential to cause soil disturbance, including tree nursery operations, reforestation and subsequent cultural treatment, thinning, prescribed burning, pest and fire control.Silvicultural Activity - Regulated - activities related to the dedicated and cyclic use of land for the periodic production of timber that have the potential to cause soil disturbance, including harvesting operations such as felling, skidding, and clear-cutting; surface drainage; harvest related road construction and maintenance; site preparation for forest regeneration; or the processing, sorting, or storing of harvested timber which has been transported from one or more active harvesting sites. Tree removal in preparation for development or other conversion to a non-forestry use is not silviculture.SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activities - A permit under the New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) issued to developers of construction activities to regulate disturbance of one or more acres of land, most current version.SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Municipal Separate Stormwater Sewer Systems - A permit under the New York State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) issued to municipalities to regulate discharges from municipal separate storm sewers for compliance with EPA established water quality standards and/or to specify stormwater control standards, most current version.




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Stabilization - the use of practices that prevent exposed soil from eroding.Stop Work Order - an order issued which requires that all construction activity on a site be stopped.Stormwater -rainwater, surface runoff, snowmelt and drainage.Stormwater Hotspot - a land use or activity that generates higher concentrations of hydrocarbons, trace metals or toxicants than are found in typical stormwater runoff, based on monitoring studies.Stormwater Management - the use of structural or non-structural practices that are designed to reduce stormwater runoff and mitigate its adverse impacts on property, natural resources and the environment.Stormwater Management Facility - one or a series of stormwater management practices installed, stabilized and operating for the purpose of controlling stormwater runoff.Stormwater Management Officer - an employee or officer appointed or designated by the municipality to accept and review stormwater pollution prevention plans, forward the plans to the applicable municipal board and inspect stormwater management practices.Stormwater Management Practices (SMPs) - measures, either structural or nonstructural, that are determined to be the most effective, practical means of preventing flood damage and preventing or reducing point source or nonpoint source pollution inputs to stormwater runoff and water bodies.Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) -a plan for controlling stormwater runoff and pollutants from a site during and after construction activities.Stormwater Runoff - flow on the surface of the ground, resulting from precipitation.Surface Waters of the State of New York - lakes, bays, sounds, ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, wells, rivers, streams, creeks, estuaries, marshes, inlets, canals, the Atlantic ocean within the territorial seas of the state of New York and all other bodies of surface water, natural or artificial, inland or coastal, fresh or salt, public or private (except those private waters that do not combine or effect a junction with natural surface or underground waters), which are wholly or partially within or bordering the state or within its jurisdiction.Storm sewers and waste treatment systems, including treatment ponds or lagoons which also meet the criteria of this definition are not waters of the state. This exclusion applies only to manmade bodies of water which neither were originally created in waters of the state (such as a disposal area in wetlands) nor resulted from impoundment of waters of the state.Temporarily Ceased - means that an existing disturbed area will not be disturbed again within 14 calendar days of the previous soil disturbance.Trained Contractor - an employee from the contracting (construction) company that will be responsible for implementing the SWPPP, who has received four (4) hours of Department endorsed training in proper erosion and sediment control principles. After receiving the initial training, the trained contractor shall receive four (4) hours of training every three (3) years. It can also mean an employee from the contracting (construction) company that meets the qualified inspector qualifications.Water Quality Volume (WQV) - The storage needed to capture and treat 90% of the average annual stormwater runoff volume.Watercourse - a permanent or intermittent stream or other body of water, either natural or man-made, which gathers or carries surface water.Waterway - a channel that directs surface runoff to a watercourse or to the public storm drain.Wetland - an area that is inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, commonly known as hydrophytic vegetation, and is regulated by federal, state or local laws.




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Section 2. Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans2.1. General Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements

2.1.1 No application for approval of a land development activity shall be reviewed until the appropriate board has received a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) prepared in accordance with the specifications in this local law.

2.1.2 The applicant or developer must keep the SWPPP current so that it at all times accurately documents the erosion and sediment controls practices that are being used or will be used during construction, and all post-construction stormwater management practices that will be constructed on the site. At a minimum, the applicant or developer shall amend the SWPPP:

1. Whenever the current provisions prove to be ineffective in minimizing pollutants in stormwater discharges from the site;

2. Whenever there is a change in design, construction, or operation at the construction site that has or could have an effect on the discharge of pollutants; and

3. To address issues or deficiencies identified during an inspection by the qualified inspector, the Department, or other regulatory authority.

2.2 Contents of Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans2.2.1 All SWPPPs shall provide the following background information and erosion and sediment controls:

1. Background information about the scope of the project, including location, type and size of project;2. Site map/construction drawing(s) for the project, including a general location map. At a minimum,

the site map should show the total site area; all improvements; areas of disturbance; areas that will not be disturbed; existing vegetation; on-site and adjacent off-site surface water(s) and classification information if available; 100-year floodplain and floodway boundaries; wetlands and drainage patterns that could be affected by the construction activity; existing and final contours; location of different soil types with boundaries; locations of off-site material, waste, borrow or equipment storage areas; and location(s) of the stormwater discharges(s); and construction staging areas. To the extent practicable construction staging areas should be limited to previously disturbed areas or areas with compacted or poorly infiltrating soils;

3. The site map shall also identify sensitive areas including slopes greater than 15 percent; 500-year floodplains; unique geological features; locations of significant natural communities including endangered, threatened or rare plant and animal species; mature forests; and a tree conservation plan identifying all existing trees 12” diameter at breast height (dbh) or greater and identifying the extent of tree clearing and preservation measures;

4. Description of the soil(s) present at the site, including an identification of the hydrologic soil group (HSG) and soil erosion factor;

5. Construction phasing plan and sequence of operations describing the intended order of construction activities, including clearing and grubbing, excavation and grading, utility and infrastructure installation and any other activity at the site that results in soil disturbance. Consistent with the New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control (Erosion Control Manual), not more than five (5) acres shall be disturbed at any one time unless the Village of Union Springs has approved the SWPPP and provided written authorization to the applicant or developer for the disturbance;

6. Description of the pollution prevention measures that will be used to control litter, construction chemicals and construction debris from becoming a pollutant source in stormwater runoff;

7. Description of the minimum erosion and sediment control practices to be installed or implemented for each construction activity that will result in soil disturbance. Include a schedule that identifies the timing




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of initial placement or implementation of each erosion and sediment control practice and the minimum time frames that each practice should remain in place or be implemented;

8. Temporary and permanent soil stabilization plan that meets the requirements of the most current version of the Erosion Control Manual for each stage of the project, including initial land clearing and grubbing to project completion and achievement of final stabilization;

9. A site map/construction drawing(s) showing the specific location(s), size(s) and length(s) of each erosion and sediment control practice;

10. Dimensions, material specifications, installation details, and operation and maintenance requirements for all erosion and sediment control practices. Include the location and sizing of any temporary sediment basins and structural practices that will be used to divert flows from exposed soils;

11. Maintenance inspection schedule for the contractor(s) that will be responsible for installing, constructing, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining the erosion and sediment control practices in the SWPPP to ensure continuous and effective operation of the practices. The maintenance inspection schedule shall be in accordance with the most current version of the Erosion Control Manual;

12. Description and location of any stormwater discharges associated with industrial activity at the site including, but not limited to, stormwater discharges from asphalt plants and concrete plants located on the construction site;

13. Identification of any elements of the design that are not in conformance with design criteria in the most current version of the Erosion Control Manual. Include the reason for the deviation or alternative design and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standard; and

14. If 5 acres or more will be disturbed at any one time, the SWPPP must include a phasing plan that defines maximum disturbed area per phase and shows required cuts and fills.

2.2.2 Land development activities as defined in Section 1 of this Article that disturb one or more acres of land and are listed in sub-sections 1 through 24 below24 shall also include water quantity and water quality controls (post-construction stormwater runoff controls) designed in accordance with the most current version of the New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual:

1. Single-family residential subdivisions that involve soil disturbances of between one (1) and five (5) acres of land with greater than 25% total impervious cover at total site build-out;

2. Single-family residential subdivisions that involve soil disturbances of five (5) or more acres of land, and single-family residential subdivisions that involve soil disturbances of less than five (5) acres that are part of a larger common plan of development or sale that will ultimately disturb five or more acres of land;

3. Multifamily residential developments, including townhomes, condominiums, senior housing complexes, apartment complexes, and mobile home parks;

4. Airports;5. Amusement parks;6. Campgrounds;7. Cemeteries that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area that is greater than 5% of

the disturbed area, or alter the hydrology from pre- to post- development conditions;8. Commercial developments;9. Churches and other places of worship;




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10. Construction of a barn or other agricultural building (e.g., silo) and structural practices as identified in Table II in the Agricultural Management Practices Catalog for Nonpoint Source Pollution in New York State that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area, excluding projects that involve soil disturbances of less than five acres;

11. Golf courses;12. Institutional facilities, including hospitals, prisons, schools and colleges;13. Industrial facilities, including industrial parks;14. Landfills;15. Municipal facilities; including highway garages, solid waste transfer stations, office buildings, sewage

treatment plants and water treatment plants;16. Office complexes;17. Sports complexes;18. Racetracks, includes racetracks with earthen (dirt) surface;19. Road construction or reconstruction;20. Parking lot construction or reconstruction;21. Athletic fields (natural grass) that include the construction or reconstruction of impervious area (greater

than 5% of disturbed area) or alter the hydrology from pre-development to post-development conditions;22. Athletic fields with artificial turf;23. Permanent access roads or parking areas surfaced with impervious cover, and substations constructed

as part of an overhead electric transmission line project, wind power project or cell tower project; and24. All other construction activities, not listed above, that include the construction or reconstruction of

impervious area and alter the hydrology from pre-development to post-development conditions.2.2.3 Requirements for SWPPPs that include post-construction stormwater controls:

1. All information in Section 2.2 .1 of this local law;2. Documentation that the stormwater management planning process using green infrastructure has been

followed as required in the Design Manual using the stormwater management practices in Schedules A1, A2, and A3. The planning process steps are as follows:i. Prepare an initial site plan that preserves natural features, reduces impervious cover, and avoids

siting land development activities in riparian buffers, floodplains, wetlands, shorelines, coastal erosion hazard areas, and on steep slopes using the green infrastructure practices in Schedule A1 and the evaluation process in the Design Manual. Delineate riparian buffers according to the following criteria: The riparian buffer area shall extend a minimum total width of one hundred (100) feet from the edge of a water body as shown by the (ordinary high water mark/mean high water mark), or shall equal the extent of the 100-year floodplain, whichever is greater.a. Delineate 100-year and 500-year floodplains as shown on the most recent maps prepared by

the Federal Emergency Management Agency as refined by more detailed studies that may have been conducted by state, regional or local agencies

b. Delineate Coastal Erosion Hazard Areas as shown on the most recent maps prepared by the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation.

ii. Determine the Water Quality Volume (WQv) using the sizing criteria in the Design Manual;




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iii. Apply runoff reduction techniques to reduce total WQv using the green infrastructure practices inSchedule A2 and standard stormwater management practices with runoff reduction capacity as described in Schedule A3 and using the sizing and performance criteria in the Design Manual;

iv. Determine the minimum runoff reduction volume (RRv) needed using the sizing criteria in the Design Manual;

v. Apply standard stormwater management practices in Schedule A3 to address remaining WQv using the sizing and performance criteria in the Design Manual;

vi. Apply volume and peak rate control practices only if still needed to meet the requirements in theDesign Manual.

3. Description of each post-construction stormwater management practice to be constructed as part ofthe project. Include the dimensions, material specifications and installation details for each post-construction stormwater management practice;

4. Site map/construction drawing(s) showing the specific location(s) and size(s) of each post-constructionstormwater management practice;

5. Stormwater modeling and analysis report that includes:i. Map(s) showing pre-development conditions, including watershed/subcatchments boundaries,

flow paths/routing, and design points;ii. Map(s) showing post-development conditions, including watershed/subcatchments boundaries,

flow paths/routing, design points and post-construction stormwater management practices;iii. Results of stormwater modeling (i.e. hydrology and hydraulic analysis) for the required storm

events. Include supporting calculations (model runs), methodology, and a summary table that compares pre- and post-development runoff rates and volume for the different storm events;

iv. Summary table, with supporting calculations, which demonstrates that each post-construction stormwater management practice has been designed in conformance with the sizing criteria included in the Design Manual;

v. Identification of any sizing criteria that is not required based on the requirements in the SPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activities; and

vi. Identification of any elements of the design that are not in conformance with the performance criteria in the Design Manual. Include the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative deign and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation of alternative design is equivalent to the Design Manual.

6. Soil testing results and locations (test pits, borings);7. Infiltration test results, as required in the Design Manual for green infrastructure and stormwater

management practices that involve infiltration;8. Operations and maintenance plan that includes inspection and maintenance schedules and actions to

ensure continuous and effective operation of each post-construction stormwater management practice. The plan shall identify the entity that will be responsible for the long-term operation and maintenance of each SMP.

9. Maintenance easements to ensure access to all stormwater management practices at the site for the purpose of inspection and repair. Easements shall be recorded on the plan and shall remain in effect with transfer of title to the property.

10. Inspection and maintenance agreement binding on all subsequent landowners served by the on-site stormwater management measures in accordance with Article 2, Section 4 of this local law.




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11. All SWPPPs that include post-construction controls shall be prepared by a registered landscape architect, professional engineer licensed in the State of New York, or other individual endorsed by the Department that is knowledgeable in the principles and practices of stormwater management and treatment and must be signed by the professional preparing the plan, who shall certify that the design of all stormwater management practices meet the requirements in this local law.

12. If amendments or modifications are made to the post-construction controls listed in this section after the SWPPP is approved, the applicant or developer shall notify the Stormwater Management Officer in writing. The SWPPP amendments or modifications must be reviewed and accepted by the Stormwater Management Officer prior to commencing construction of the post-construction stormwater management practice.

2.3 Other Environmental PermitsThe applicant shall assure that all other applicable environmental permits have been or will be acquired for the land development activity prior to approval of the final stormwater design plan.2.4 Contractor Certification

2.4.1 Each contractor and subcontractor identified by the applicant or developer as being responsible for installing, construction, repairing, inspecting and maintaining the erosion and sediment control practices included in the SWPPP and the post-construction stormwater management practice installation shall sign and date a copy of the following certification statement before undertaking any land development activity: “I certify under penalty of law that I understand and agree to comply with the terms and conditions of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan and agree to implement any corrective actions identified by the qualified inspector during a site inspection. I also understand that it is unlawful for any person to cause or contribute to a violation of water quality standards.”

2.4.2 The certification must include the name and title of the person providing the signature, address and telephone number of the contracting firm; the address (or other identifying description) of the site; and the date the certification is made.

2.4.3 The certification statement(s) shall become part of the SWPPP for the land development activity.2.5 Document RetentionA copy of the SWPPP and all documentation necessary to demonstrate compliance with this local law shall be retained at the site of the land development activity from the date of initiation of construction activities until all disturbed areas have achieved final stabilization. The documents must be maintained in a secure location, such as a job trailer, on-site construction office, or mailbox with lock. The secure location must be accessible during normal business hours to an individual performing a compliance inspection.

Section 3. Performance and Design Criteria for Stormwater Management and Erosion and Sediment ControlAll land development activities shall be subject to the following performance and design criteria:3.1 Technical StandardsFor the purpose of this local law, the following documents shall serve as the official guides and specifications for stormwater management. Stormwater management practices that are designed and constructed in accordance with these technical documents shall be presumed to meet the standards imposed by this law:

3.1.1 The New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, most current version or its successor, hereafter referred to as the Design Manual)1. Stormwater management practices must be selected, designed, installed, and maintained to meet the

performance criteria in the most current version of the Design Manual using sound engineering judgment.

2. Stormwater management practices must be designed to meet the applicable sizing criteria in the most current version of the Design Manual.




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3.1.2 New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, most current version or its successor, hereafter referred to as the Erosion Control Manual).

3.2 Equivalence to Technical Standards3.2.1 Where erosion and sediment control measures are not designed in conformance with the design criteria

included in the Erosion Control Manual, the applicant or developer must include in the SWPPP the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative design and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standards set forth in Article 2, Section 3.1.

3.2.2 Where post-construction stormwater management practices are not designed in conformance with the performance criteria in the Design Manual, the applicant or developer must include in the SWPPP the reason(s) for the deviation or alternative design and provide information which demonstrates that the deviation or alternative design is equivalent to the technical standard.

3.3 Performance Standards3.3.1 The applicant or developer shall minimize the discharge of pollutants from equipment and vehicle washing,

wheel wash water, and other wash waters using clean water only. Soaps, detergents, and solvents shall not be used.

3.3.2 The applicant or developer shall minimize the exposure of building materials, building products, construction wastes, trash, landscape materials, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, detergents, sanitary waste, and other materials present on the site to precipitation and to stormwater. Minimization of exposure is not required in cases where the exposure to precipitation and to stormwater will not result in a discharge of pollutants, or where exposure of a specific material or product poses little risk of stormwater contamination (such as final products and materials intended for outdoor use).

3.3.3 The applicant or developer shall prevent the discharge of pollutants from spills and leaks and implement chemical spill and leak prevention and response procedures.

3.3.4 Where soil disturbance activity has temporarily or permanently ceased, the application of soil stabilization measures must be initiated by the end of the next business day and completed within fourteen (14) days from the date the current soil disturbance activity ceased. If five acres or more have been disturbed at one time and soil disturbance activity has temporarily or permanently ceased, the application of soil stabilization measures must be initiated by the end of the next business day and completed within seven (7) days from the date the current soil disturbance activity ceased. The soil stabilization measures selected shall be in conformance with the Erosion Control Manual.

Section 4. Maintenance, Inspection and Repair of Stormwater Facilities4.1 Maintenance During Construction

4.1.1 The applicant or developer of the land development activity shall at all times properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the applicant or developer to achieve compliance with the conditions of this local law. Sediment shall be removed from sediment traps or sediment ponds whenever their design capacity has been reduced by fifty (50) percent.

4.2 Inspection of Land Development Activities During Construction4. 2.1 The applicant or developer shall have a trained contractor inspect all erosion and sediment control practices

and pollution prevention measures being implemented within the active work area of the land development activity daily to ensure they are being maintained in effective operating condition at all times. If deficiencies are identified, the contractor shall begin implementing corrective actions within one business day and shall complete the corrective actions within a reasonable time frame.




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4.2.2 For all land development activities except for those listed in 4.2.3, the applicant shall have a qualified inspector conduct site inspections and document the effectiveness of all erosion and sediment control practices at least once every seven (7) calendar days. Inspection reports shall be maintained in a site log book.

4.2.3 The following activities are subject to the requirements in 4.2.1 but are exempt from the requirements in 4.2.2:1. Construction on agricultural property that involves soil disturbance of one (1) or more but less than five

(5) acres of land.2. Construction of a single-family subdivision with 25% or less impervious cover at total site build-out that

involves soil disturbance of one (1) or more but less than five (5) acres of land.3. Construction of a single-family home that involves soil disturbance of one (1) or more but less than five

(5) acres of land.4.2.4 Land development activities where the applicant or developer has received authorization from the

Department to disturb five acres or more at any one time shall be inspected by a qualified inspector twice every 7 days. The two inspections shall be separated by a minimum of two full calendar days complete the corrective actions within a reasonable time frame.

4.3 Maintenance Easement(s)Prior to the issuance of any approval that has a stormwater management facility as one of the requirements, the applicant or developer must execute a maintenance easement agreement that shall be binding on all subsequent landowners served by the stormwater management facility. The easement shall provide for access to the facility at reasonable times for periodic inspection by the Village of Union Springs to ensure that the facility is maintained in proper working condition to meet design standards and any other provisions established by this local law. The easement shall be recorded by the grantor in the office of the County Clerk after approval by the counsel for the Village of Union Springs.4.4 Maintenance after ConstructionThe owner or operator of permanent stormwater management practices installed in accordance with this law shall ensure they are operated and maintained to achieve the goals of this law. Proper operation and maintenance also includes as a minimum, the following:

4.4.1 A preventive/corrective maintenance program for all critical facilities and systems of treatment and control (or related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the owner or operator to achieve the goals of this law.

4.4.2 Written procedures for operation and maintenance and training new maintenance personnel.4.4.3 Discharges from the SMPs shall not exceed design criteria.

4.5 Maintenance AgreementsThe Village of Union Springs shall approve a formal maintenance agreement for stormwater management facilities binding on all subsequent landowners and recorded in the office of the County Clerk as a deed restriction on the property prior to final plan approval. The maintenance agreement shall be consistent with the terms and conditions of Schedule B of this local law entitled Sample Stormwater Control Facility Maintenance Agreement. The Village of Union Springs, in lieu of a maintenance agreement, at its sole discretion may accept dedication of any existing or future stormwater management facility, provided such facility meets all the requirements of this local law, and includes adequate and perpetual access and sufficient area, by easement or otherwise, for inspection and regular maintenance.




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Section 5. Severability and Effective Date5.1 SeverabilityIf the provisions of any article, section, subsection, paragraph, subdivision or clause of this local law shall be judged invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction, such order of judgment shall not affect or invalidate the remainder of any article, section, subsection, paragraph, subdivision or clause of this local law.5.2 Effective DateThis Local Law shall be effective upon filing with the office of the Secretary of State.

Article 3. Administration and Enforcement

Section 1. Construction Inspection1.1 Erosion and Sediment Control InspectionThe Village of Union Springs Stormwater Management Officer may perform inspections as necessary to determine compliance with this law. If deficiencies or violations are found, the Stormwater Management Officer shall notify the applicant and/or developer in writing of the nature of the deficiency or violation and any required corrective actions. No further work shall be conducted except for site stabilization until the deficiencies or violations are corrected and all work previously completed has received approval by the Stormwater Management Officer.The applicant and/or developer shall grant to the Village of Union Springs the right to enter the property at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner for the purpose of inspecting the land development activity and erosion and sediment controls being used.1.2 Stormwater Management Practice InspectionsThe Village of Union Springs Stormwater Management Officer, is responsible for conducting inspections of stormwater management practices (SMPs). All applicants are required to submit “as built” plans for any stormwater management practices located on-site after final construction is completed. The plan must show the final design specifications for all stormwater management facilities and must be certified by a professional engineer.1.3 Inspection of Stormwater Facilities After Project CompletionInspection programs shall be established on any reasonable basis, including but not limited to: routine inspections; random inspections; inspections based upon complaints or other notice of possible violations; inspection of drainage basins or areas identified as higher than typical sources of sediment or other contaminants or pollutants; inspections of businesses or industries of a type associated with higher than usual discharges of contaminants or pollutants or with discharges of a type which are more likely than the typical discharge to cause violations of state or federal water or sediment quality standards or the SPDES stormwater permit; and joint inspections with other agencies inspecting under environmental or safety laws. Inspections may include, but are not limited to: reviewing maintenance and repair records; sampling discharges, surface water, groundwater, and material or water in drainage control facilities; and evaluating the condition of drainage control facilities and other stormwater management practices.1.4 Submission of ReportsThe Village of Union Springs Stormwater Management Officer may require monitoring and reporting from entities subject to this law as are necessary to determine compliance with this law.1.5 Right-of-Entry for InspectionWhen any new stormwater management facility is installed on private property or when any new connection is made between private property and the public storm water system, the landowner shall grant to the Village of Union Springs the right to enter the property at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner for the purpose of inspection as specified in paragraph 1.3.




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Section 2. Performance Guarantee2.1 Construction Completion GuaranteeIn order to ensure the full and faithful completion of all land development activities related to compliance with all conditions set forth by the Village of Union Springs in its approval of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan, the Village of Union Springs may require the applicant or developer to provide, prior to construction, a performance bond, cash escrow, or irrevocable letter of credit from an appropriate financial or surety institution which guarantees satisfactory completion of the project and names the Village of Union Springs as the beneficiary. The security shall be in an amount to be determined by the Village of Union Springs based on submission of final design plans, with reference to actual construction and landscaping costs. The performance guarantee shall remain in force until the surety is released from liability by the Village of Union Springs provided that such period shall not be less than one year from the date of final acceptance or such other certification that the facility(ies) have been constructed in accordance with the approved plans and specifications and that a one year inspection has been conducted and the facilities have been found to be acceptable to the Village of Union Springs. Per annum interest on cash escrow deposits shall be reinvested in the account until the surety is released from liability.2.2 Maintenance GuaranteeWhere stormwater management and erosion and sediment control facilities are to be operated and maintained by the developer or by a corporation that owns or manages a commercial or industrial facility, the developer, prior to construction, may be required to provide the Village of Union Springs with an irrevocable letter of credit from an approved financial institution or surety to ensure proper operation and maintenance of all stormwater management and erosion control facilities both during and after construction, and until the facilities are removed from operation. If the developer or landowner fails to properly operate and maintain stormwater management and erosion and sediment control facilities, the Village of Union Springs may draw upon the account to cover the costs of proper operation and maintenance, including engineering and inspection costs.2.3 Record KeepingThe Village of Union Springs may require entities subject to this law to maintain records demonstrating compliance with this law.

Section 3. Enforcement and Penalties3.1 Notice of ViolationWhen the Village of Union Springs determines that a land development activity is not being carried out in accordance with the requirements of this local law, it may issue a written notice of violation to the landowner. The notice of violation shall contain:

3.1.1 The name and address of the landowner, developer, or applicant;3.1.2 The address when available or a description of the building, structure, or land upon which the violation is

occurring;3.1.3 A statement specifying the nature of the violation;3.1.4 A description of the remedial measures necessary to bring the land development activity into compliance

with this local law and a time schedule for the completion of such remedial action;3.1.5 A statement of the penalty or penalties that shall or may be assessed against the person to whom the notice

of violation is directed;3.1.6 A statement that the determination of violation may be appealed to the municipality by filing a written notice

of appeal within fifteen (15) days of service of notice of violation.

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3.2 Stop Work OrdersThe Village of Union Springs may issue a stop work order for violations of this law. Persons receiving a stop work order shall be required to halt all land development activities, except those activities that address the violations leading to the stop work order. The stop work order shall be in effect until the Village of Union Springs confirms that the land development activity is in compliance and the violation has been satisfactorily addressed. Failure to address a stop work order in a timely manner may result in civil, criminal, or monetary penalties in accordance with the enforcement measures authorized in this local law.3.3 ViolationsAny land development activity that is commenced or is conducted contrary to this local law, may be restrained by injunction, or otherwise abated in a manner provided by law.3.4 PenaltiesAny violation of the provisions of this law shall be punishable by a civil fine not to exceed $1,000. Each week’s continuing violation shall constitute a separate violation. The Village Attorney is authorized and directed to cooperate with the Code Enforcement Officer to institute any and all actions and proceedings necessary to enforce this law. Any civil remedy shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any criminal prosecution or penalty.3.5 Withholding of Certificate of OccupancyIf any building or land development activity is installed or conducted in violation of this local law the Stormwater Management Officer may prevent the occupancy of said building or land.3.6 Restoration of landsAny violator may be required to restore land to its undisturbed condition. In the event that restoration is not undertaken within a reasonable time after notice, the Village of Union Springs may take necessary corrective action, the cost of which shall become a lien upon the property until paid.

Section 4. Fees for ServicesThe Village of Union Springs may require any person undertaking land development activities regulated by this law to pay reasonable costs at prevailing rates for review of SWPPPs, inspections, or SMP maintenance performed by the Village of Union Springs or performed by a third party for the Village of Union Springs.

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Green Infrastructure Planning General Categories and Specific Practices(From: New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual, Table 3.1)

Group Practice Description

Preservation of Natural Resources

Preservation of Undisturbed Areas

Delineate and place into permanent conservation easement undisturbed forests, native vegetated areas, riparian corridors, wetlands, and natural terrain.

Preservation of BuffersDefine, delineate, and place in permanent conservation easement naturally vegetated buffers along perennial streams, rivers, shorelines, and wetlands.

Reduction of Clearing and Grading

Limit clearing and grading to the minimum amount needed for roads, driveways, foundations, utilities and stormwater management facilities.

Locating Development in Less Sensitive

Areas

Avoid sensitive resource areas such as floodplains, steep slopes, erodible soils, wetlands, mature forests, and critical habitats by locating development to fit the terrain in areas that will create the least impact.

Open Space DesignUse clustering, conservation design or open space design to reduce impervious cover, preserve more open space, and protect water resources.

Soil Restoration

Restore the original properties and porosity of the soil by deep till and amendment with compost to reduce the generation of runoff and enhance the runoff reduction performance of practices such as grass channels, filter strips, and tree clusters.

Reduction of Impervious

Cover

Roadway Reduction Minimize roadway widths and lengths to reduce site impervious area.Sidewalk Reduction Minimize sidewalk lengths and widths to reduce site impervious area.Driveway Reduction Minimize driveway lengths and widths to reduce site impervious area.

Cul-de-sac Reduction Minimize the number of cul-de-sacs and incorporate landscaped areas to reduce their impervious cover.

Building Footprint Reduction

Reduce the impervious footprint of residences and commercial buildings by using alternate or taller buildings while maintaining the same floor to area ratio.

Parking Reduction

Reduce imperviousness on parking lots by eliminating unneeded spaces, providing compact car spaces and efficient parking lanes, minimizing stall dimensions, using porous pavement surfaces in overflow parking areas, and using multi-storied parking decks where appropriate.

Schedule A1




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Schedule A2

Green Infrastructure Techniques Acceptable for Runoff Reduction (From: New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual, Table 3.2)


Runoff Reduction

Techniques

Conservation of natural areas

Retain the pre-development hydrologic and water quality characteristics of undisturbed natural areas, stream and wetland buffers by restoring and/or permanently conserving these areas on a site.

Sheetflow to riparian buffers or filter strips

Undisturbed natural areas such as forested conservation areas and stream buffers or vegetated filter strips and riparian buffers can be used to treat and control stormwater runoff from some areas of a development project.

Vegetated open swale

The natural drainage paths, or properly designed vegetated channels, can be used instead of constructing underground storm sewers or concrete open channels to increase time of concentration, reduce the peak discharge, and provide infiltration.

Tree planting / tree box

Plant or conserve trees to reduce stormwater runoff, increase nutrient uptake, and provide bank stabilization. Trees can be used for applications such as landscaping, stormwater management practice areas, conservation areas and erosion and sediment control.

Stream daylighting for redevelopment projects

Stream daylight previously-culverted/piped streams to restore natural habitats, better attenuate runoff by increasing the storage size, promoting infiltration, and help reduce pollutant loads.

Rain gardenManage and treat small volumes of stormwater runoff using a conditioned planting soil bed and planting materials to filter runoff stored within a shallow depression.

Green roof

Capture runoff by a layer of vegetation and soil installed on top of a conventional flat or sloped roof. The rooftop vegetation allows evaporation and evapotranspiration processes to reduce volume and discharge rate of runoff entering conveyance system.

Stormwater planter

Small landscaped stormwater treatment devices that can be designed as infiltration or filtering practices. Stormwater planters use soil infiltration and biogeochemical processes to decrease stormwater quantity and improve water quality.

Rain tank/Cistern Capture and store stormwater runoff to be used for irrigation systems or filtered and reused for non-contact activities.

Porous Pavement

Pervious types of pavements that provide an alternative to conventional paved surfaces, designed to infiltrate rainfall through the surface, thereby reducing stormwater runoff from a site and providing some pollutant uptake in the underlying soils.




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Stormwater Management Practices Acceptable for Water Quality(From: New York State Stormwater Management Design Manual, Table 3.3)


Pond

Micropool Extended Detention Pond (P-1)

Pond that treats the majority of the water quality volume through extended detention, and incorporates a micro pool at the outlet of the pond to prevent sediment resuspension.

Wet Pond (P-2) Pond that provides storage for the entire water quality volume in the permanent pool.

Wet Extended Detention Pond (P-3)

Pond that treats a portion of the water quality volume by detaining storm flows above a permanent pool for a specified minimum detention time.

Multiple Pond System (P-4) A group of ponds that collectively treat the water quality volume.

Pocket Pond (P-5)A storm water wetland design adapted for the treatment of runoff from small drainage areas that has little or no baseflow available to maintain water elevations and relies on groundwater to maintain a permanent pool.

Wetland

Shallow Wetland (W-1) A wetland that provides water quality treatment entirely in a shallow marsh.Extended Detention Wetland

(W-2)A wetland system that provides some fraction of the water quality volume by detaining storm flows above the marsh surface.

Pond/Wetland System (W-3)A wetland system that provides a portion of the water quality volume in the permanent pool of a wet pond that precedes the marsh for a specified minimum detention time.

Pocket Wetland (W-4)A shallow wetland design adapted for the treatment of runoff from small drainage areas that has variable water levels and relies on groundwater for its permanent pool.

Infiltration

Infiltration Trench (I-1) (Runoff Reduction Capacity)

An infiltration practice that stores the water quality volume in the void spaces of a gravel trench before it is infiltrated into the ground.

Infiltration Basin (I-2)(Runoff Reduction Capacity)

An infiltration practice that stores the water quality volume in a shallow depression before it is infiltrated into the ground.

Dry Well (I-3)(Runoff Reduction Capacity)

An infiltration practice similar in design to the infiltration trench, and best suited for treatment of rooftop runoff.

Filtering Practices

Surface Sand Filter (F-1) A filtering practice that treats storm water by settling out larger particles in a sediment chamber, and then filtering storm water through a sand matrix.

Underground Sand Filter (F-2) A filtering practice that treats stormwater as it flows through underground settling and filtering chambers.

Perimeter Sand Filter (F-3) A filter that incorporates a sediment chamber and filter bed as parallel vaults adjacent to a parking lot.

Organic Filter (F-4) A filtering practice that uses an organic medium such as compost in the filter in place of sand.

Bioretention (F-5)(Runoff Reduction Capacity)

A shallow depression that treats stormwater as it flows through a soil matrix, and is returned to the storm drain system.

Open Channels

Dry Swale (O-1)(Runoff Reduction Capacity)

An open drainage channel or depression explicitly designed to detain and promote the filtration of storm water runoff into the soil media.

Wet Swale (O-2) An open drainage channel or depression designed to retain water or intercept groundwater for water quality treatment.

Schedule A3

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Schedule BSAMPLE STORMWATER CONTROL FACILITY MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT

WHEREAS, the Municipality of the Village of Union Springs ("Municipality") and the ___________("facility owner") want to enter into an agreement to provide for the long term maintenance and continuation of stormwater control measures approved by the Municipality for the below named project, and

WHEREAS, the Municipality and the facility owner desire that the stormwater control measures be built in accordance with the approved project plans and thereafter be maintained, cleaned, repaired, replaced and continued in perpetuity in order to ensure optimum performance of the components. Therefore, the Municipality and the facility owner agree as follows:

1. This agreement binds the Municipality and the facility owner, its successors and assigns, to the maintenance provisions depicted in the approved project plans which are attached as Schedule A of this agreement.

2. The facility owner shall maintain, clean, repair, replace, and continue the stormwater control measures depicted in Schedule A as necessary to ensure optimum performance of the measures to design specifications. The stormwater control measures shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following: drainage ditches, swales, dry wells, infiltrators, drop inlets, pipes, culverts, soil absorption devices, stormwater ponds and wetlands, bioretention and rain gardens, tree boxes, green roofs, stormwater planters, rain tanks and cisterns, and porous pavement.

3. The facility owner shall be responsible for all expenses related to the maintenance of the stormwater control measures and shall establish a means for the collection and distribution of expenses among parties for any commonly owned facilities.

4. The facility owner shall provide for the periodic inspection of the stormwater control measures, not less than once in every five year period, to determine the condition and integrity of the measures. Such inspection shall be performed by a Professional Engineer licensed by the State of New York. The inspecting engineer shall prepare and submit to the Municipality within 30 days of the inspection, a written report of the findings including recommendations for those actions necessary for the continuation of the stormwater control measures.

5. The facility owner shall not authorize, undertake or permit alteration, abandonment, modification or discontinuation of the stormwater control measures except in accordance with written approval of the Municipality.

6. The facility owner shall undertake necessary repairs and replacement of the stormwater control measures at the direction of the Municipality or in accordance with the recommendations of the inspecting engineer.

7. The facility owner shall provide to the Municipality within 30 days of the date of this agreement, a security for the maintenance and continuation of the stormwater control measures in the form of (a Bond, letter of credit, or escrow account).

8. This agreement shall be recorded in the Office of the County Clerk, County of Cayuga together with the deedfor the common property and shall be included in the offering plan and/or prospectus approved pursuant to _________________________________________________________.

9. If ever the Municipality determines that the facility owner has failed to construct or maintain the stormwater control measures in accordance with the project plan or has failed to undertake corrective action specified by the Municipality or by the inspecting engineer, the Municipality is authorized to undertake such steps as reasonably necessary for the preservation, continuation or maintenance of the stormwater control measures and to affix the expenses thereof as a lien against the property.

This agreement is effective ____________ , 20__.

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APPENDIX C: GUIDELINES FOR NOTIFICATION & REVIEW

This appendix contains the guidelines for notification and review of state agency actions where local waterfront revitalization programs are in effect; and procedural guidelines for coordinating NYS Department of State and LWRP Consistency Review of federal agency activities.

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GUIDELINES FOR NOTIFICATION AND REVIEW OF STATE AGENCY ACTIONS WHERE LOCAL WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PROGRAMS ARE IN EFFECT

I. PURPOSES OF GUIDELINESThe Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways Act (the Act) (Article 42 of the Executive Law) and the Department of State’s regulations (19 NYCRR Part 600) require certain state agency actions identified by the Secretary of State to be consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the policies and purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (Village of Union Springs LWRP). These guidelines are intended to assist state agencies in meeting that statutory consistency obligation.

The Act also requires that state agencies provide timely notice to the Village of Union Springs whenever an identified action will occur within an area covered by the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP. These guidelines describe a process for complying with this notification requirement. They also provide procedures to assist the Village of Union Springs Planning Board in carrying out their review responsibilities in a timely manner.

The Secretary of State is required by the Act to confer with state agencies and the Village of Union Springs when notified by the Village of Union Springs that a proposed state agency action may conflict with the policies and purposes of their approved LWRP. These guidelines establish a procedure for resolving such conflicts.

A.

B.

C.

II. DEFINITIONSAction means:1. A “Type 1” or “Unlisted” action as defined by the State Environmental Quality Review Act

(SEQRA); 2. Occurring within the boundaries of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP; and3. Being taken pursuant to a state agency program or activity which has been identified by the

Secretary of State as likely to affect the policies and purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP.

Consistent to the maximum extent practicable means that an action will not substantially hinder the achievement of any of the policies and purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP and, whenever practicable, will advance one or more of such policies. If an action will substantially hinder any of the policies or purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP, then the action must be one: 1. For which no reasonable alternatives exist that would avoid or overcome any substantial

hindrance;2. That will minimize all adverse effects on the policies or purposes of the Village of Union Springs

LWRP to the maximum extent practicable; and3. That will result in an overriding regional or statewide public benefit.

A.

B.

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Local Waterfront Revitalization Program or LWRP means a program prepared and adopted by the Village of Union Springs and approved by the Secretary of State pursuant to Executive Law, Article 42; which program contains policies on the management of land, water, and man-made resources, proposed land uses and specific projects that are essential to program implementation.

Municipal Chief Executive Officer is the Mayor of the Village of Union Springs.

Local Program Coordinator is the Code Enforcement Officer. The Local Program Coordinator is the person responsible for the preliminary review of proposed actions within the waterfront area for consistency with the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP and consistency recommendations for the final determination of consistency that will be made by the Village Planning Board.

C.

D.

E.

III. NOTIFICATION PROCEDUREWhen a state agency is considering an action as described in II. DEFINITIONS, the state agency shall notify the Village Planning Board.

Notification of a proposed action by a state agency:1. Shall fully describe the nature and location of the action;2. Shall be accomplished by use of existing state agency notification procedures, or through an

alternative procedure agreed upon by the state agency and the Village of Union Springs;3. Should be provided to the Village of Union Springs, as early in the planning stages of the action

as possible, but in any event at least 30 days prior to the agency's decision on the action. The timely filing of a copy of a completed Waterfront Assessment Form with the Village Planning Board should be considered adequate notification of a proposed action.

If the proposed action will require the preparation of a draft environmental impact statement, the filing of this draft document with the Village Planning Board can serve as the state agency's notification to the Village of Union Springs.

A.

B.

C.

IV. LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW PROCEDUREUpon receipt of notification from a state agency, the Village Planning Board will be responsible for evaluating a proposed action against the policies and purposes of its approved LWRP. Upon request of the Code Enforcement Officer, the state agency should promptly provide the Village of Union Springs with whatever additional information is available which will assist the Village Planning Board to evaluate the proposed action.

If the Village Planning Board cannot identify any conflicts between the proposed action and the applicable policies and purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP, it should inform the state agency in writing of its finding. Upon receipt of Village Planning Board finding, the state agency may proceed with its consideration of the proposed action in accordance with 19 NYCRR Part 600.

If the Village Planning Board does not notify the state agency in writing of its finding within the established review period, the state agency may then presume that the proposed action does not conflict with the policies and purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP.

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If the Village Planning Board notifies the state agency in writing that the proposed action does conflict with the policies and/or purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP, the state agency shall not proceed with its consideration of, or decision on, the proposed action as long as the Resolution of Conflicts procedure established in V. RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS shall apply. The Village Planning Board shall forward a copy of the identified conflicts to the Secretary of State at the time when the state agency is notified. In notifying the state agency, the Village Planning Board shall identify the specific policies and purposes of the LWRP with which the proposed action conflicts.

D.

A.V. RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS

The following procedure applies whenever the Village Planning Board has notified the Secretary of State and state agency that a proposed action conflicts with the policies and purposes of the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP: 1. Upon receipt of notification from the Village Planning Board that a proposed action conflicts with

its approved LWRP, the state agency should contact the Code Enforcement Officer to discuss the content of the identified conflicts and the means for resolving them. A meeting of state agency and the Village of Union Springs representatives may be necessary to discuss and resolve the identified conflicts. This discussion should take place within 30 days of the receipt of a conflict notification from the Village Planning Board.

2. If the discussion between the Village Planning Board and the state agency results in the resolution of the identified conflicts, then, within seven days of the discussion, the Village Planning Board shall notify the state agency in writing, with a copy forwarded to the Secretary of State, that all of the identified conflicts have been resolved. The state agency can then proceed with its consideration of the proposed action in accordance with 19 NYCRR Part 600.

3. If the consultation between the Village of Union Springs and the state agency does not lead to the resolution of the identified conflicts, either party may request, in writing, the assistance of the Secretary of State to resolve any or all of the identified conflicts. This request must be received by the Secretary within 15 days following the discussion between the Village of Union Springs and the state agency. The party requesting the assistance of the Secretary of State shall forward a copy of their request to the other party.

4. Within 30 days following the receipt of a request for assistance, the Secretary, or a Department of State official or employee designated by the Secretary, will discuss the identified conflicts and circumstances preventing their resolution with appropriate representatives from the state agency and the Village of Union Springs.

5. If agreement among all parties cannot be reached during this discussion, the Secretary shall, within 15 days, notify both parties of his/her findings and recommendations.

6. The state agency shall not proceed with its consideration of, or decision on, the proposed action as long as the foregoing Resolution of Conflicts procedures shall apply.

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PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES FOR COORDINATING NYS DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND LWRP CONSISTENCY REVIEW OF FEDERAL AGENCY ACTIVITY

I. FEDERAL AGENCY ACTIVITIESA.

C.

D.

After acknowledging the receipt of a consistency determination and supporting documentation from a federal agency, the NYS Department of State will forward copies of the determination and other descriptive information on the proposed federal activities to the Village of Union Springs Planning Board.

This notification will indicate the date by which all comments and recommendations must be submitted to the NYS Department of State and will identify the Department's principal reviewer for the proposed federal activity.

The review period will be about twenty-five (25) days. If comments and recommendations are not received by the date indicated in the notification, the NYS Department of State will presume that the municipality has "no opinion" on the consistency of the proposed federal activity with the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP policies.

If the NYS Department of State does not fully concur with and/or has any questions on the comments and recommendations submitted by the Village of Union Springs, the NYS Department of State will contact the Code Enforcement Officer to discuss any differences of opinion or questions prior to agreeing or disagreeing with the federal agency's consistency determination on the proposed federal activity.

A copy of the NYS Department of State "concurrence" or "objection" letter to the federal agency will be forwarded to the Village Planning Board.

B.

E.

II. ACTIVITIES REQUIRING FEDERAL LICENSES, PERMITS AND OTHER REGULATORY APPROVALS

A. The NYS Department of State will acknowledge the receipt of an applicant's consistency certification and application materials. At that time, the NYS Department of State will forward a copy of the submitted documentation to the Village of Union Springs Planning Board and will identify the Department’s principal reviewer for the proposed federal activity.

Within thirty (30) days of receiving such information, the Code Enforcement Officer will contact the principal reviewer for the NYS Department of State to discuss: (a) the need to request additional information for review purposes; and (b) any possible problems pertaining to the consistency of a proposed federal activity with the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP policies.

When the NYS Department of State and the Code Enforcement Officer agree that additional information is necessary, the NYS Department of State will request the applicant to provide the information. A copy of this information will be provided to the Code Enforcement Officer upon receipt.

Within thirty (30) days of receiving the requested information or discussing possible problems of a proposed federal activity with the principal reviewer for the NYS Department of State, whichever is later, the Village of Union Springs will notify the NYS Department of State of the reasons why a proposed federal activity may be inconsistent or consistent with the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP policies.

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After the notification, the Village of Union Springs will submit the written comments and recommendations on a proposed federal activity to the NYS Department of State before or at the conclusion of the official public comment period. If such comments and recommendations are not forwarded to the NYS Department of State by the end of the public comment period, the NYS Department of State will presume that the municipality has "no opinion" on the consistency of the proposed federal activity with the Village of Union Springs LWRP policies.

If the NYS Department of State does not fully concur with and/or has any questions on the comments and recommendations submitted by the Village of Union Springs on a proposed federal activity, the NYS Department of State will contact the Code Enforcement Officer to discuss any differences of opinion prior to issuing a letter of "concurrence" or "objection" to the applicant.

A copy of the NYS Department of State's "concurrence" or "objection" letter to the applicant will be forwarded to the Village of Union Springs.

E.

F.

G.

III. FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTSA. Upon receiving notification of a proposed federal financial assistance, the NYS Department of State

will request information on the federal financial assistance from the applicant for consistency review purposes. As appropriate, the NYS Department of State will also request the applicant to provide a copy of the application documentation to the Village of Union Springs Code Enforcement Officer. A copy of this letter will be forwarded to the Village of Union Springs and will serve as notification that the proposed federal financial assistance may be subject to review.

The NYS Department of State will acknowledge the receipt of the requested information and provide a copy of this acknowledgment to the Village of Union Springs Code Enforcement Officer. The NYS Department of State may, at this time, request the applicant to submit additional information for review purposes.

The review period will conclude thirty (30) days after the date on the NYS Department of State’s letter of acknowledgment or the receipt of requested additional information, whichever is later. The review period may be extended for major federal financial assistance.

The Village of Union Springs Code Enforcement Officer must submit the municipality’s comments and recommendations on the proposed federal financial assistance to the NYS Department of State within twenty days (or other time agreed to by the NYS Department of State and the Village of Union Springs) from the start of the review period. If comments and recommendations are not received within this period, the NYS Department of State will presume that the municipality has “no opinion” on the consistency of the proposed federal financial assistance with the approved Village of Union Springs LWRP policies.

If the NYS Department of State does not fully concur with and/or has any questions on the comments and recommendations submitted by the municipality, the NYS Department of State will contact the Code Enforcement Officer to discuss any differences of opinion or questions prior to notifying the applicant of the NYS Department of State’s consistency decision.

A copy of the NYS Department of State’s consistency decision letter to the applicant will be forwarded to the Village of Union Springs Code Enforcement Officer.

B.

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D.

E.

F.




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APPENDIX D: HISTORICAL MAP GALLERY

This appendix contains a gallery of historical maps from the Village of Union Springs.

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Early settlements in Union Springs- historic sketch-map1

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Sanborn Map of the Village of Union Springs showing local industries, 1887 (page 1 of 3)2




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Map of Union Springs from the 1904 Cayuga County atlas5




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Survey Map of North Mill Pond area dated July 6, 19359




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Map of the excavations on Frontenac Island conducted by the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences, 1939-194010




Page D- 12

Photocopy of the text from the bound Laws of New York providing the transfer of Frontenac Island from the State of New York to the Village of Union Springs.11




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Map of Union Springs, date unknown12




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Citations 1. The Indian and the Pioneer, Vol. II. Rose N. Yawger. Published by C.W. Bardeen, Syracuse, N.Y. 1893. Page 36. 2. Sanborn map provided by Ed Redmond, Geography & Map Reference Specialist at the U.S. Library of Congress via email on June 20, 2016.3. Sanborn map provided by Ed Redmond, Geography & Map Reference Specialist at the U.S. Library of Congress via email on June 20, 2016.4. Sanborn map provided by Ed Redmond, Geography & Map Reference Specialist at the U.S. Library of Congress via email on June 20, 2016.5. Map of Union Springs from the 1904 Cayuga County atlas. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures36/00003622.jpg6. Sanborn fire insurance map from 1906. Accessed from William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures45/00004598.jpg 7. Sanborn fire insurance map from 1906. Accessed from William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures45/00004599.jpg8. Sanborn fire insurance map from 1906. Accessed from William S. Hecht’s Union Springs NY Picture Database on rootsweb. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures46/00004609.jpg9. Survey map of North Mill Pond area dated July 6, 1935. Available at: http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/caycomaps/3-2-72.jpg10. “Sketch” document attached to deed records for Frontenac Island available through the Cayuga County RPS Database using ImageMate. Available at: https://imate.cayugacounty.us/disclaimer.aspx (accept term and conditions, then type: 140.12-2-1 into the “Tax ID / SBL” field and click “Go to the Property”. Under “Documents” on the far right side of the page click on “Sketch” in the list of attached documents).11. Photocopy of the text from the bound Laws of New York, Seventy-Ninth Session, Chapter 136, Page 208 providing the transfer of Frontenac Island from the State of New York to the Village of Union Springs. Laws of New York, Seventy-Ninth Session, Chapter 136, Page 208.12. Undated map of Union Springs. Available at: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~springport/pictures48/00004817.jpg




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APPENDIX E: OGS LAND UNDERWATER CONVEYANCE DOCUMENTS & MAPS

This appendix contains the documents and maps from the NYS Office of General Services (OGS) pertaining to the conveyances of land under the waters of Cayuga Lake from the state to Frontenac Harbor Marina (formerly Castelli’s Marina) and the Village of Union Springs.

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Castelli’s Marina (Frontenac Harbor Marina) Underwater Land Grant Map

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Village of Union Springs Underwater Land Grant Agreement and Map

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APPENDIX F: VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS HARBOR MANAGEMENT PLAN

This appendix contains the Village of Union Springs Harbor Management Plan for the waterside area of the Village within the Waterfront Revitalization Area Boundary.

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VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS HARBOR MANAGEMENT PLAN

In 1992, the NYS Executive Law Article 42, Waterfront Revitalization of Coastal Areas and Inland Waterways, was amended to provide local governments with the clear authority to comprehensively manage activities in near shore areas within their LWRP boundary by developing comprehensive harbor management plans (HMPs) and local laws to implement these plans1.

Pursuant to Section 922 of Article 42 of the Executive Law, the Village of Union Springs prepared a Harbor Management Plan to manage potential conflicting uses in the portion of Cayuga Lake within 1,500 feet from its shoreline. Pursuant to 19 NYCRR Part 603, the HMP for the Cayuga Lake portion of the Village of Union Springs WRA is included below and contains required information at a level of detail and to the extent commensurate with the local circumstances . References to other parts of the LWRP have been included to complement the content of the Village of Union Springs Harbor Management Plan for Cayuga Lake.

The Village of Union Springs Harbor Management Plan (HMP) addresses issues associated with the use of surface waters and underwater lands of Cayuga Lake that lie within 1,500 feet from the Village’s shoreline. The Village of Union Springs HMP for this portion of Cayuga Lake considers local and regional needs, the competing needs of recreational boating and fishing, habitat and other natural resource protection, water quality, public access, and recreation, open space and aesthetic values.

VILLAGE OF UNION SPRINGS HMP BOUNDARYThe Village of Union Springs Harbor Management Plan (HMP) covers the waters of Cayuga Lake that are within the Village’s jurisdiction in the WRA as illustrated on Map 22.

INVENTORY & ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONSPursuant to 19 NYCRR Part 603.3 the contents of the HMP have been integrated into the LWRP document, primarily in Section 2. Information on the required topics, issues, etc. can be found in the document as illustrated in table F1.

WATER USE PLANThe projects proposed to be developed in the Village of Union Springs HMP area, to expand or improve water-dependent uses or to protect the quality of Cayuga Lake waters, are described in chapter 4.3 Proposed Projects of Section 4 of the LWRP.

The existing commercial marina, in addition to the public boat launch at Frontenac Park, provides facilities and access to the lake for residents and visitors alike. The continued enhancement and protection of these water-dependent uses is critical to the tourist economy in the village. In addition to the boat launch and marina, Frontenac Park has continued to experience an increase in use during the summer months by residents and tourists. It is the village’s intent to upgrade both the public boat launch and facilities provided at the park to meet the continued needs of the community. The village seeks to, where possible, add and enhance: land and amenities to Frontenac Park; public access to Frontenac Island; and public waterfront access in the form of recreational trails, birding, and interpretive areas (see chapter 4.3 Proposed Projects in Section 4 of the LWRP for more details and conceptual plans). The 5 mph speed limit and no wake zone, along with existing water dependent structures within the HMP are shown on Map 23.

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Table F1: Contents of the Village of Union Springs Harbor Management Plan19 NYCRR 603.3 HMP Items Covered in LWRP Section & Page

(a) Identification of the HMP boundary. Appendix F pg. F-7 Map 23(b) An inventory and analysis of existing uses, features and conditions in this area. §2.6 pg. 42-48 Map 4

§2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9§2.10 pg. 73-79 Maps 10 & 11§2.12 pg. 91-109 Maps 15-22

(c) Identification and discussion of issues of local importance. §2.2 pg. 6- 15§2.3 pg. 18-30§2.5 pg. 38-40§2.7 pg. 51-52§2.8 pg. 56-57 Appendix E§2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9§2.10 pg. 73-79 Maps 10 & 11§2.11 pg. 83-86 Maps 12-14§2.12 pg. 91-109 Maps 15-22§2.13 pg. 121-122§3 pg. 123-150

(d) Identification and discussion of issues of regional importance. §2.4 pg. 33-36§2.11 pg. 83-86 Maps 15-22Policy 1 pg. 124-126Policy 2 pg. 127-128Policy 3 pg. 128Policy 4 pg. 129-131Policy 5 pg. 131-133Policy 6 pg. 133-135Policy 11 pg. 143-145

(e) Discussion of opportunities, long and short-term goals and objectives. pg. v§2.13 pg. 121-122Policy 9 pg. 138-140 Project 32 pg. 162-164 & 171Project 33 pg. 164Project 34 pg. 164Project 35 pg. 165Project 36 pg. 165Project 37 pg. 166

(f) Identification of conditions which operate as constraints on utilization of underwater lands and navigable waters by the public.

§2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9

(g) Discussion of water dependent uses. §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9(h) Identification and discussion of economic, cultural and social considerations

fundamental to responsible management of underwater lands and navigable waters.

§2.3 pg. 18-30 Map 3

(i) A water use plan. Appendix F pg. F-8 Map 24(j) Specification of policies concerning present and future use and management of

such areas.§3 pg. 123-150

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Table F1: Contents of the Village of Union Springs Harbor Management Plan (Continued)19 NYCRR 603.3 HMP Items Covered in LWRP Section & Page

(k) Identification of capital projects necessary to implement the HMP. Project 14 pg. 156Project 15 pg. 155Project 16 pg. 156Project 32 pg. 162-164 & 171Project 34 pg. 164Project 35 pg. 165 Project 51 pg. 170

(l) Specification of existing and proposed techniques and authorities to implement the HMP.

§2.6 pg. 42-48§5 pg. 176-186

(m) To the extent commensurate with the particular circumstances of the city, town or village, an HMP shall address the following considerations:(1) Conflict and competition for space among the uses and users of harbors, surface waters and underwater lands.

§2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9Appendix E

(2) Regulation of the construction, size and location of wharves, docks, moorings, piers, jetties, platforms, breakwaters or other structures, whether temporary or permanent.

Appendix B- Dock & Mooring Law

(3) Regional needs for any of the various uses or users likely to be attracted to the particular qualities of the area.

§2.4 pg. 33-36§2.11 pg. 83-86 Maps 15-22Policy 1 pg. 124-126Policy 2 pg. 127-128Policy 3 pg. 128Policy 4 pg. 129-131Policy 5 pg. 131-133Policy 6 pg. 133-135Policy 11 pg. 143-145 Project 51 pg. 170

(4) Where applicable:(i) Commercial shipping N/A(ii) Recreational boating §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9(iii) Commercial and recreational fishing and shellfishing §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9(iv) Aquaculture and mariculture N/A(v) Waste management §2.10 pg. 78

Policy 8 pg. 136-137Project 45 pg. 168Project 46 pg. 168Project 47 pg. 169Project 48 pg. 169

(vi) Mineral extraction Policy 13 pg. 146-148(vii) Dredging §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9(viii) Public access §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9

Policy 9 pg. 138-140Project 32 pg. 162-164 & 171Project 34 pg. 164Project 35 pg. 165




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(ix) Recreation §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9 §2.11 pg. 83-86 Maps 15-22Policy 9 pg. 138-140Project 32 pg. 162-164 & 1721Proj-ect 33 pg. 164Project 34 pg. 164Project 35 pg. 165Project 36 pg. 165Project 39 pg. 166Project 40 pg. 166

(x) Habitats and other natural resource protection §2.12 pg. 91-109 Maps 15-22Policy 6 pg. 133-135Policy 11 pg. 143-145Project 27 pg. 161Project 28 pg. 161

(xi) Water quality §2.10 pg. 76-77 Map 11 §2.12 pg. 91-109 Maps 15-22Policy 5 pg. 131-134 Project 14 pg. 156Project 15 pg. 156Project 16 pg. 156Project 17 pg. 157Project 18 pg. 158Project 21 pg. 159Project 22 pg. 159Project 23 pg. 159Project 25 pg. 160Project 26 pg. 161

(xii) Open space §2.1 pg. 4§2.2; pg. 11§2.5 pg. 38-40 §2.12 pg. 91-109 Maps 15-22Policy 3 pg. 128Project 27 pg. 161Project 28 pg. 161Project 29 pg. 161Project 32 pg 162-164 & 171Project 37 pg. 166

(xiii) Aesthetic values §2.1 pg. 4§2.2 pg. 11§2.5 pg. 38-40 §2.12 pg. 91-109 Maps 15-22Policy 3 pg. 128Project 12 pg. 155Project 30 pg. 162Project 31 pg. 162

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(xiv) Water dependent uses §2.9 pg. 59-70 Map 9 Policy 10 pg. 140-143Project 37 pg. 166Project 40 pg. 166Project 51 pg. 170

(xv) Common law riparian or littoral rights Policy 3 pg. 128Policy 4 pg. 129-131Policy 9 pg. 138-140Policy 11 pg. 143-145 Appendix B- Dock & Mooring Law Appendix E

(xvi) Public interests, including interests under the Public Trust Doctrine Policy 3 pg. 128Policy 4 pg. 129-131Policy 9 pg. 138-140Policy 11 pg. 143-145 Appendix E

(n) HMPs shall also consider other circumstances determined to be of significance by the Secretary of State, and HMPs may also consider those determined to be of significance by the city, town or village.

All sections, policies, & projects citied above.

Citations 1. http://www.dos.ny.gov/communitieswaterfronts/pdfs/hmpguide.pdf

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Adopted September 16, 2020 Page F- 7

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B?326 ROUTE 326

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Map prepared by:



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HMP Boundary

Imagery source: NYS Statewide Digital Orthoimagery Program. 2015.



Adopted September 16, 2020 Page F- 8

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Water Use Plan


5 MPH Speed Limit & No Wake Zone

Imagery source: NYS Statewide Digital Orthoimagery Program. 2015. Water Uses Source: Cayuga County Department of Planning and Economic Development. 2016.

Private Uses

Swim Platforms")

Duck Blinds"S

Boat Docks(approximate end of dock in water)

!

Public Uses

Frontenac Harbor Marina!!!

Village of Union Springs Public Boat Launch!!!

Village of Union Springs Public Swimming Dock"

Village of Union Springs Boat Docks(approximate end of dock in water)

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Village of Union Springs Local Waterfront Revitalization ...

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