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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

COUNTRY

China

SUBJECT AREA ANDCATEGORY

Agricultural andBiological Sciences

Engineering

PUBLISHER

Chinese Society ofAgricultural Engineering

H-INDEX

31

PUBLICATION TYPE

Journals

ISSN

19346344, 19346352

COVERAGE

2008-2020

INFORMATION

Homepage

How to publish in thisjournal

ijabe@ijabe.org

SCOPE

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (IJABE, https://www.ijabe.org) is a peer reviewed openaccess international journal. IJABE, started in 2008, is a joint publication co-sponsored by US-based Association ofAgricultural, Biological and Food Engineers (AOCABFE) and China-based Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(CSAE). The ISSN 1934-6344 and eISSN 1934-6352 numbers for both print and online IJABE have been registered in US.Now, Int. J. Agric. & Biol. Eng (IJABE) is published in both online and print version by Chinese Academy of AgriculturalEngineering.

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Metrics based on Scopus® data as of April 2021

SJR

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator thatranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It isbased on the idea that 'all citations are not createdequal'. SJR is a measure of scienti�c in�uence ofjournals that accounts for both the number of citationsreceived by a journal and the importance or prestige ofthe journals where such citations come from Itmeasures the scienti�c in�uence of the average articlein a journal it expresses how central to the global

Total Documents

Evolution of the number of published documents. Alltypes of documents are considered, including citableand non citable documents.

Year Documents2008 232009 402010 342011 38

Citations per document

This indicator counts the number of citations received bydocuments from a journal and divides them by the totalnumber of documents published in that journal. Thechart shows the evolution of the average number oftimes documents published in a journal in the past two,three and four years have been cited in the current year.The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Cites per document Year ValueCites / Doc. (4 years) 2008 0.000Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2009 0.261Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2010 0.524Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2011 0.887Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2012 1.259Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2013 1.680Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2014 0.940Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2015 1.051Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2016 1.118Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2017 1.449

Total Cites Self-Cites

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal'sself-citations received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years.Journal Self-citation is de�ned as the number of citationfrom a journal citing article to articles published by thesame journal.

Cites Year ValueS lf Cit 2008 0

External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc

Evolution of the number of total citation per documentand external citation per document (i.e. journal self-citations removed) received by a journal's publisheddocuments during the three previous years. Externalcitations are calculated by subtracting the number ofself-citations from the total number of citations receivedby the journal’s documents.

Cit Y V l

% International Collaboration

International Collaboration accounts for the articles thathave been produced by researchers from severalcountries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal'sdocuments signed by researchers from more than onecountry; that is including more than one country address.

Year International Collaboration2008 34.782009 22 50

Citable documents Non-citable documents

Not every article in a journal is considered primaryresearch and therefore "citable", this chart shows theratio of a journal's articles including substantial research(research articles, conference papers and reviews) inthree year windows vs. those documents other thanresearch articles, reviews and conference papers.

Documents Year ValueN it bl d t 2008 0

Cited documents Uncited documents

Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three yearswindows, that have been cited at least once vs. thosenot cited during the following year.

Documents Year ValueUncited documents 2008 0Uncited documents 2009 20Uncited documents 2010 43Uncited documents 2011 60

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2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019

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2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

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80

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240

Cites / Doc. (4 years)Cites / Doc. (3 years)Cites / Doc. (2 years)

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

0

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

0

700

1.4k

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

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2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

0

20

40

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

0

250

500

2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

0

250

500

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Home > About the Journal > Editorial Policies

Editorial Policies

Focus and ScopeSection PoliciesPeer Review ProcessPublication FrequencyOpen Access PolicyArchivingIndexed and abstracted byAuthor-side Fees or Article-Processing Charges(APC)

Focus and ScopeInternational Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (IJABE, https://www.ijabe.org) is a peer reviewed openaccess international journal. IJABE, started in 2008, is a joint publication co-sponsored by US-based Association ofAgricultural, Biological and Food Engineers (AOCABFE) and China-based Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(CSAE). The ISSN 1934-6344 and eISSN 1934-6352 numbers for both print and online IJABE have been registered inUS. Now, Int. J. Agric. & Biol. Eng (IJABE) is published in both online and print version by Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Engineering.

As an Open Access journal, our papers are freely accessible online immediately upon publication. With the Open Accesspolicy, our journal can reach a broader spectrum of readership by removing price barriers (subscriptions, licensingfees, pay-per-view fees) that some individual readers may experience. IJABE International Editorial Board is made upof over 300 leading researchers from about 50 countries who are dedicated to ensuring that authors get a fair, efficientand friendly peer-review service. To benefit from the specialist advice and support of these internationally recognizedexperts, publish your next article with IJABE.

Openly accessible IJABE provides wider sharing of knowledge and the acceleration of research, and is thus in the bestinterest of authors, potential readers, and increases the availability, accessibility, visibility and impact of the papers,and the journal as a whole. IJABE aims at promoting agricultural and biological engineering, increasing academicprosperity, and fostering international academic exchange and cooperation.

This journal provides a platform for sharing the latest high-quality research concerning the agricultural, food andbiological engineering and the application of these engineering techniques in all areas of agriculture. The journalfeatures works of great significance, originality, and relevance in all the concerned areas. Our readers are from theinternational scientific community and may include educators, policy makers, agricultural engineers and scientists, andinterested members of the public around the world.

Up to August 08, 2016, over 3000 submissions were received from over 30 countries, and 9 volumes with 38 issuesand over 450 papers were published. The website of IJABE attracts over one million visits from over 90 countriesaround the world. Many papers published in IJABE were cited by other prestigious journals. The total registered usersin IJABE database reached over 10 000 up to date.

Although IJABE is a newly-launched journal, it has been growing quickly and steadily. So far, online and print IJABEhas been covered and indexed by SCIE, JCR, Current Contents, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Preview, Ei Compendex,CA, INSPEC, Indian NAAS Journal Scoring, Abstract Journals (VINITI RAN), Agricola, AGRIS, Scopus, CSA, OCLC,ProQuest, Index Copernicus, Google scholar, CAB International, CAB ABSTRACTS Full Text Select, Colorado Alliance ofResearch Libraries-Open Access Digital Library, EBSCOhost --- Academic Search Complete, Academic Search R&D,Academic Source Complete, and Food Science Source, Socolar, China Educational Publications Import & ExportCorporation. All the papers published in IJABE can be searchable via the Thomson ISI Web of Science-All Databases.IJABE is also the Abstracting & Indexing Sources for AgBiotech News and Information (Active) (Print), GeneticsAbstracts (Active) (Print), Index Veterinarius (Active) (Print), Pig News & Information (Active) (Print), PollutionAbstracts (Active) (Print), Postharvest News and Information (Active) (Print), Review of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants(Active) (Print), Virology and AIDS Abstracts (Active) (Print), Wheat, Barley and Triticale Abstracts (Active) (Print). Andit has been listed on the world’s biggest online OA journals platform: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), OpenJ-Gate, and also Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory.

Most importantly, received its first impact factor of 1.007, according to 2016 update of its Journal CitationReports®(JCR) released by The Intellectual Property (IP) Science Business of Thomson Reuters on June 13, 2016.Based on the Journal Impact Factor(JIF) values, IJABE ranks 7th out of 14 SCI-indexed journals in the category ofagricultural engineering in the world, locating in Q2 Quartile. According to the latest statistics from Thomson ReutersWeb of Science All Databases Citation Report, till July 9 2016 (Data on June 28 2015 in comparison), 474(355) itemsincluding articles, news, editorials and cover stories published in IJABE were found, and the sum of times cited reached1144 (735). Average citation per item is 2.41 (2.07), and h-index is 12 (10).

Please note that you can help to maintain and achieve a greater success by Publishing your high-quality researchpapers in IJABE, Reviewing papers for IJABE if requested, and Citing related papers published in IJABE as much aspossible in your own publications (short for supporting IJABE via PRC), and also by encouraging your colleagues,students and friends to do so. You are invited to submit your next high quality manuscript (in particular review papers)to IJABE.

IJABE covers but is not limited to the following 10 technical disciplines:

1 Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (ASET)

2 Animal, Plant and Facility Systems (APFS) 3 Biosystems, Biological and Ecological Engineering(BBEE)

4 Power and Machinery Systems (PMS) 5 Natural Resources and Environmental Systems (NRES)

6 Information Technologies, Control Systems and Sensors (ITCSS) 7 Renewable Energy and Material System (REMS)

8 Agro-product & Food Processing Systems (AFPS) 9 Safety, Health and Ergonomics (SHE)

10 Emerging Science, Engineering and Technologies (ESET)

Types of articles: Cover Caption, Editorial, Research Highlights, Science News, Policy & Education Forum, Perspectives, Correspondence,

Commentary, Brief Communications, Previews, Mini-reviews, Review, Research Articles, Book and Media Reviews,Corrections, Advance Online Publication, Advertisement.

Languages: English

Method of submission: The authors are required to visit IJABE website to register as IJABE authors, then they can submit their manuscripts to

IJABE through the Open Journal System (OJS) online. The detailed Author Guidelines for submission are available athttps://www.ijabe.org. Online submission is quick and easy to follow. So why not submit your good research to IJABEnow?

Contact Person:

Dr./Prof. Wang Yingkuan, Editor-in-chief

Tel: 86-10-59197090,59197086, 86-13691070263Add: No.41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, ChinaEmail: ijabe@sina.com; wangyingkuan@163.comhttps://www.ijabe.org

Section PoliciesEditorialsEditors

Wang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Invited Review/Research ArticleOnly papers invited by editors can be included in this section.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Applied Science, Engineering and TechnologyApplications of physical and mathematical techniques to fundamental investigations and emerging areas within thephysical and life sciences; How to use engineering methods and the principles of biology to make the most of naturalresources and to solve problems related to agriculture, aquaculture, forest, and environment. Major areas of emphasisare in applied physics, engineering sciences, engineering basics, biomaterial sciences, Biology, biological engineeringfundamentals, bioprocessing, biological kinetics, biosystem modeling, and bioelectronics, chemistry, chemicalengineering, heat/mass transport, and other types of engineering, hydrology and ecological engineering, technology forimproving environmental quality, engineering for sustainability.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Animal, Plant and Facility SystemsEncompasses environment within structures for animal housing, plant production, and commodities storage;environmental air quality; climatic and meteorological data for engineering design, Environment of animal and plantstructures, design and management of environmental control systems for animal production facilities; analysis, design,and construction of agricultural structures, imposed loads on structures, and materials of construction, climate controltechnologies (heating, cooling, and dehumidification), and control strategies for plant production under protectivestructures, i.e.: greenhouses, plant growth chambers, plant factories, and high tunnels; environment air quality;facilities & systems for human and animal housing, agricultural waste management, pollution source and emission, andanimal care; Beef and dairy facilities and systems; milk handling equipment and systems for on-farm processing ofmilk and milk products; Swine housing, manure management and environmental control strategies for improvedproduction efficiency and enhanced animal well-being and welfare；poultry housing including environmental controlstrategies for improved production efficiency and enhanced animal well-being；animal welfare and care; Electrical Codefor Agriculture -development of practical electrical codes and standards for safety in electrical wiring systems used inagricultural production and processing. Plant growth LED lighting, Electric fence controller.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Power and Machinery SystemsDesign and manufacturing, Mechanization and automation, Man-machine system interaction, Precision agriculture andemerging technologies, application of agricultural fans,standby electric power; control and/or communications networksystems for mobile agricultural equipment; electronics as applied to animal identification and tracking; wirelesscommunications in agricultural applications; agricultural machinery common tests; testing procedures for positioning &guidance systems in agricultural applications; agricultural tractor and self-propelled implement cabs used during theapplication of pesticides; safety and comfort of the operator(s) of agricultural machinery; agricultural equipmentbraking, agricultural loaders; mobile agricultural equipment lighting and marking; engineering technology foragricultural pest control and fertilizer application; ground application of liquid materials; agricultural aviation, aerialapplication of dry and liquid materials; development, evaluation and implementation of engineering technology foragricultural pest control and fertilizer application by ground application of dry materials. computer modeling of sprayapplication; engineering technologies for agricultural harvest and grain harvesting systems, mechanical aspects ofharvesting, handling, storing and processing of forages and biomass and derivatives there from; all engineeringaspects of cotton production, harvesting, handling and processing; soil-machine and soil-plant dynamics; design ofcomponents for agricultural tractors and self-propelled machines; all engineering aspects of specialty crop production,post-harvest operations, storage and distribution; engineering for all turf and landscape equipment systems. Tractor &Implement Hydraulics, Tractor Implement Interface/PTO-implement and implement to implement mechanicalinterfaces, PTOs, and general hitching issues; Cultural Practices Equipment- engineering technology for tillage,planting, seeding, and other cultural practice equipment for field crop production. Agricultural Machinery Management& Logistics- efficient and profitable production systems. Precision Agriculture-development, evaluation, and adoption oftechnologies and systems for use in precision agriculture. Agricultural Equipment Automation-Collects and disseminatestechnical information on the automation of agricultural equipment.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Natural Resources and Environmental Systems Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Information Technology, Sensors and Control SystemsArtificial intelligence, Advanced sensing technology, Biosensors and system control, Computer aided systems,Application of GIS, GPS, and RS in agriculture; Computational Methods, Simulations & Applications-development andapplication of computational methods and simulations for addressing current issues in agricultural and biologicalengineering; Biosensors- biosensor technologies and their applications in bioprocessing, food processing, food safetyand quality, bioenvironmental and agricultural systems; Machine Vision-development and application of robotics,machine vision, image processing, and pattern recognition technology; Mechatronics & Biorobotics- development andapplication of mechatronics, robotics and automation with respect to agriculture, food and biological systems;Electromagnetics & Spectroscopy-Maintains contact with scientific developments in sonic, ultrasonics, electromagnetics,spectroscopy, and particle radiation for applications in engineering for agriculture and biological systems;Instrumentation & Controls- instrumentation and controls for application in engineering research and production;Emerging Information Systems-Development and application of information technologies, database managementsystems, information retrieval, electronic publishing, software development, internet applications, networking, machinelearning, data analytics, cloud-based computing and hand-held/wireless device applications.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Biosystems, Biological and Ecological EngineeringBiosystems Engineering is a field of engineering which integrates engineering science and design with appliedbiological, environmental and agricultural sciences. It represents an evolution of the Agricultural Engineering disciplineapplied to all living organisms not including biomedical applications. Therefore, Biosystems Engineering is the branch ofengineering that applies engineering sciences to solve problems involving biological systems.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Renewable Energy and Material SystemsInnovative energy sources, Renewable energy technologies, Biomass production, handling, and utilization, Energyefficiency and conservation, and solar energy technology related to agriculture. Techno-economic Feasibility andSustainability- technical and economic feasibility and sustainability issues for energy projects; Renewable PowerGeneration-alternative energy sources and conversion systems for renewable heat and power generation; BiomassEnergy & Industrial Byproducts-development, analysis, implementation, and dissemination of bio-based energy, fuels

and products; Solid Biofuels- Thermally Treated Solid Biofuels; Electrical Utilization & Energy Application -electrotechnology related to agriculture energy efficiency, electrical wiring systems, and electrical utility programs;application of agricultural lighting systems. Renewable materials. Biomass and feedstocks utilization: bioconversion ofagro-industrial residues; biological waste treatment；Thermochemical conversion of biomass: combustion, pyrolysis,gasification, catalysis.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Agro-product and Food Processing SystemsMay include post-harvest handling and storage, healthy food technology, processing engineering (food and biological),Imaging and sensing technology, food safety and security, biomaterials and bio-chemicals, crop handling, storage,drying, quality, processing equipment and methods. Produce primary commodities, and subsequently handle, process,transport, market and distribute food and other agro-based products to consumers; domestic and global agro-foodvalue chain; production, processing and inspection of solely food products such as grain, dairy, coffee, fruit,vegetables.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Structures and Bio-environmental EngineeringEncompasses environment within structures for animal housing, plant production, and commodities storage;environmental air quality; climatic and meteorological data for engineering design, Environment of animal and plantstructures, design and management of environmental control systems for animal production facilities; analysis, design,and construction of agricultural structures, imposed loads on structures, and materials of construction, climate controltechnologies (heating, cooling, and dehumidification), and control strategies for plant production under protectivestructures, i.e.: greenhouses, plant growth chambers, plant factories, and high tunnels; environment air quality;facilities & systems for human and animal housing, agricultural waste management, pollution source and emission, andanimal care; Beef and dairy facilities and systems; milk handling equipment and systems for on-farm processing ofmilk and milk products; Swine housing, manure management and environmental control strategies for improvedproduction efficiency and enhanced animal well-being and welfare；poultry housing including environmental controlstrategies for improved production efficiency and enhanced animal well-being；animal welfare and care; Electrical Codefor Agriculture -development of practical electrical codes and standards for safety in electrical wiring systems used inagricultural production and processing. Plant growth LED lighting, Electric fence controller.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Safety, Health and ErgonomicsAll engineering aspects of ergonomic human safety and health for users of equipment systems and facilities inagriculture; agricultural safety and health, food security and safety, life cycle analysis

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Overview ArticlesOverview, either research review or literature review papers submitted by authors voluntarily, can be included in thissection.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Expert ForumEditors

Wang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Science NewsEditors

Wang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Special Column of Orchard Information SystemThis special column is only used to publish cooperated papers from an international conference. The regular submissionshould not go to this section.

EditorsWang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Cover CaptionsEditors

Wang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Color Insert PagesColor pages of figures, maps and other graphs from papers will be printed in order to be more clear and listed in thissection.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Special Section of SWAT-related SubmissionsIJABE publishes a special issue or special column of SWAT papers presented in SWAT Conferences or free submissions.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

InformationEditors

Wang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Book ReviewEditors

Wang Yingkuan

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

AUS SEAG 2013 Special IssueWe will publish a special issue online only after getting all the papers ready, which come from SEAG 2013 conferenceproceedings.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Perspective and InsightPerspective articles are intended to provide a forum for authors to discuss models and ideas from a personal viewpoint.They are more forward looking and/or speculative than Reviews and may take a narrower field of view. They may beopinionated but should remain balanced and are intended to stimulate discussion and new experimental approaches.

Perspectives follow the same formatting guidelines as Reviews. Both are peer-reviewed and edited substantially byIJABE's editors in consultation with the author.

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Special ColumnIJABE publishes a special issue or special column .

Open Submissions Indexed Peer Reviewed

Peer Review ProcessAll manuscripts will be critically reviewed by the editor and invited referees within 2 months. All manuscripts submittedto IJABE are peer-reviewed according to the following procedure:

Initial review: A Division Editor evaluates all manuscripts sent his/her division to determine if submitted manuscriptsare appropriate for consideration by IJABE. Manuscripts that do not meet the minimum criteria are returned to theauthors within one week of receipt. This is in the best interest of the authors who could then decide to fix the problemsor to submit the manuscript to a more appropriate venue, avoiding delay caused by a lengthy review process thatwould nonetheless lead to rejection.

Peer review: Manuscripts passing the initial review are assigned to an Associate Editor, who selects and invites tworeviewers based on their expertise in the particular field. A manuscript is reviewed by at least two reviewers. Reviewersare asked to evaluate the manuscript based on

Material is original and timelyWriting is clearStudy methods are appropriateData are validConclusions are reasonable and supported by the dataInformation is importantTopic has general engineering interest and practical significance

To facilitate timely publication, reviewers are asked to complete their reviews within one month. If the two reviewershave very different opinions on the manuscript, the Associate Editor or Division Editor's review will weigh in. Aftercollecting the referees' reports, the Associate Editor makes a recommendation on the acceptability of the manuscript tothe respective Division Editor.

Recommendation: Based on the reviewers' comments and the Associate Editor's recommendation, the Division Editormakes a final decision on the acceptability of the manuscript, and communicates to the authors the decision, alongwith reviewers' reports. The decision can be:

accept as isminor revisionmajor revisionreject

A revised manuscript should be re-submitted within six months of the decision. It will usually be returned to theoriginal reviewers for evaluation.

A rejection decision is made typically because the manuscript does not meet the criteria outlined above such asoriginality, importance to the field, cross-discipline interest, or sound methodology.

If the Division Editor and Associate Editor have conflicting opinions on a manuscript, they will seek consultation withthe Editor in Chief who may make the final decision.

Honest and Polite

After each round of the review, review reports will be sent to the author(s) and all reviewers of the manuscript underconsideration. It is important for a reviewer to be honest but not offensive when providing comments. Review reportswith opinions expressed in a kind and constructive way will persuade the authors of the merit of the review moreeffectively.

Writing the Review

The purpose of the review is to provide the editors with an expert's opinions on the quality of the manuscript underconsideration. A good review report should identify both the strengths and the weaknesses of the paper, and shouldalso provide constructive and specific comments on how to improve the paper. If the reviewer believes that the paperis not suitable for publication in IJABE, the review report should provide brief but sufficient information that enables theauthor(s) to understand the reasons for the decision.

Publication FrequencyTwo issues in 2008. First issue in August and second in December in 2008.

Quarterly from 2009 to 2013.

Currently, IJABE is Biomonthly from 2014.

It may be Monthly in the near future.

Open Access PolicyIJABE provides immediate open access to its contents on the principle that making research freely available to thepublic supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles coupled with the rights to use these articlesfully in the digital environment. Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyrightand licensing restrictions. Open Access ensures that anyone can access and use these results—to turn ideas intoindustries and breakthroughs into better lives.

By “open access” to this literature we published, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting anyusers to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them forindexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technicalbarriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction anddistribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of theirwork and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

We adopt the latest version of license CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

ArchivingThis journal utilizes the LOCKSS system to create a distributed archiving system among participating libraries andpermits those libraries to create permanent archives of the journal for purposes of preservation and restoration.More...

Indexed and abstracted byIJABE JIF=1.731, ranking 6 out of 13, locating Q2 according to JCR2019.

IJABE JIF=1.349, ranking 6 out of 13, locating Q2 according to JCR2018.

Science Citation Index Expanded (also known as SciSearch®)

Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Current Contents®/Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences

Biological Abstracts BIOSIS Previews

Ei Compendex Web of Science Core Collection

Agricola AGRIS

Abstract Journals (VINITI RAN) CA

CAS CSA Google scholar

INSPEC Index Copernicus

OCLC ProQuest

Scopus CAB International

CAB ABSTRACTS Full Text Select Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries-Open Access Digital Library

EBSCOhost---Academic Search Complete, Academic Search R&D, Academic Source Complete, and Food Science Source Socolar

China Educational Publications Import & Export Corporation

IJABE has been listed on the world's biggest online OA journals platform: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)

Open J-Gate Ulrich's Periodicals Directory

IJABE are also the Abstracting & Indexing Sources for AgBiotech News and Information (Active) (Print), GeneticsAbstracts (Active) (Print), Index Veterinarius (Active) (Print), Pig News & Information (Active) (Print), PollutionAbstracts (Active) (Print), Postharvest News and Information (Active) (Print), Review of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants(Active) (Print), Virology and AIDS Abstracts (Active) (Print), Wheat, Barley and Triticale Abstracts (Active) (Print).

Author-side Fees or Article-Processing Charges(APC)We charge the authors of accepted papers the publication fees similar to APC. Definitely, IJABE has no submissioncharge as well as peer-review fee. The flat APC is $1000 per manuscript within 5 formatted (print) pages, with $150for every extra page.

The flat APC is RMB6500 per manuscript within 5 formatted (print) pages, with RMB1000 for every extra page inmainland China.

US$500 or RMB3000 for one printing color page. Publication fees will be billed upon acceptance. However, the ability of authors to pay publication charges will never be

a consideration in the decision whether to publish. And we provide waiver policy for authors from low-income countriesaccording to the updated list by World Bank.

2021-2023 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office

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Home > About the Journal > Editorial Team

Editorial Team

Editor-in-Chief

Wang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, China

PMS Section EditorsSteven J. Thomson, USDA-ARS, Crop Production Systems Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA),Stoneville, MS38776, United StatesNeil McLaughlin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaOu Yinggang, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, ChinaLie Tang, Iowa State University, United StatesRuixiu Sui, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), United StatesNaiqian Zhang, PhD, Prof., Former President of AOC, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States

PMS Associate EditorsYanbo Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United StatesRajvir Yadav, Junagadh Agricultural University, IndiaChen Jian, College of Engineering, Southwest University, ChinaGuo Yuming, Shanxi Agricultural University, ChinaHe Yong, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, ChinaLi Chenghua, Shenyang Ligong University, ChinaShuqi Shang, Qingdao Agricultural University, ChinaChenghai Yang, PhD, Agricultural Engineer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS)College Station, Texas, USA, United StatesHeping Zhu, United States Department of Agriculture, United StatesDr. Shufeng Han, United StatesLie Tang, Iowa State University, United StatesNing Wang, Oklahoma State University, United StatesWenqiao (Wayne) Yuan, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, UnitedStates

English EditorsNalladurai Kaliyan, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, United StatesDr. Cheryl J Rutledge, Ph.D., Retired Associate Professor of English & English Editor-in-Chief, DaYeh University,Changhua, Taiwan; Proprietor of AcademicEnglishEditing-DrRutledge.com; Resident of Florida, United StatesBill A. Stout, Emeritus Prof. of Texas A &M University, Honorary President of CIGR, College Station, TX, United StatesDr. Hal E. Lemmon, PhD, Computer Scientist, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture,United StatesZuojun Yu, Ph.D, Physical Oceanographer, IPRC/SOEST, University of Hawaii, United States

NRES Section EditorsPhilip W. Gassman, Iowa State University, United StatesXiuying (Susan) Wang, Texas A&M University, United StatesZhuping Sheng, Texas A&M University, United StatesLei Tingwu, College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricutural University, ChinaXiusheng (Harrison) Yang, PhD, Prof, Former President of AOC, President of ACAAS, University of Connecticut, Storrs,United States

NRES Associate Editorsantonio Lo porto, Water Research Institute, Italian National Research Council, ItalyHiroaki Somura, Shimane University, JapanManuel R Reyes, North Carolina A&T State University, United StatesMukand Singh Babel, Climate Change Asia at AIT (CCA@AIT) Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), ThailandManoj K. Jha, Civil Engineering Department, North Carolina A&T University, United StatesDr. Michael W. Van Liew, None, United StatesXiuying (Susan) Wang, Texas A&M University, United StatesDr. Victor B Ella, University of the Philippines Los Banos, PhilippinesWang Quanjiu, Xi'an University of Technology, ChinaHuang Guanhua, China Agricultural University, ChinaRen Tusheng, China Agricultural University, ChinaShao Ming'an, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaWei Gao, University of Colorado, United StatesYuzhou Luo, University of California at Davis, United StatesYeqiao Wang, CELS-NRS Coastal Institute In Kingston, United StatesGlenn Warner, University of Connecticut, United StatesHeping Zhu, United States Department of Agriculture, United States

BBEE Section EditorsBEE Mohamed H Hatem, Cairo University, EgyptLingjuan W. Wang-Li, North Carolina State University, United StatesBaptista Fatima Folgoa, Department of Rural Engineering, University of Evora, PortugalLi Baoming, China Agricultural University, ChinaYuanhui Zhang, Dep of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urban-Champaign, United States

BBEE Associate EditorsShulin Chen, Washington State University, United StatesQiang Zhang, PhD, Former President of AOC, Prof. and Head of Biosystems Engineering Department, University ofManitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CanadaB. Brian He, University of Idaho, United StatesYing Zhang, Northeast Agricultural University, ChinaRuihong Zhang, University of California, United StatesYi Liang, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, United StatesYing Chen, Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, CanadaHongwei Xin, Iowa State University, United StatesZhao Lixin, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, ChinaLuo Weihong, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, ChinaLi Yaling, College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, ChinaZhu Songming, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, ChinaZhou Changji, Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China

ITCSS Section EditorsLie Tang, Iowa State University, United StatesNing Wang, Oklahoma State University, United StatesYanbo Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United StatesHuihui Zhang, USDA- Agricultural Research Service, United StatesWenjiang Huang, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaChenghai Yang, PhD, Agricultural Engineer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS)College Station, Texas, USA, United StatesSun Yurui, China Agricultural University, China

ITCSS Associate EditorsHe Yong, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, ChinaWu Jian, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, ChinaHong Tiansheng, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, ChinaLi Minzan, China Agricultural University, ChinaMao Hanping, Jiangsu University, ChinaHuang Wenjiang, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, ChinaNing Wang, Oklahoma State University, United StatesRuixiu Sui, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), United StatesJiannong Xin, University of Florida, United States

REMS Section EditorsPaul Chen, University of Minnesota, United StatesCaixia Wan, United StatesHanwu Lei, Washington State University, United StatesYebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United StatesÁlvaro Ramírez-Gómez, Technical University of Madrid, SpainGuangnan Chen, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia

REMS Associate Editors

Li Ming, Yunnan Normal University, ChinaPaul Chen, University of Minnesota, United StatesZhu Hongguang, Modern Agricultural Science & Engineering Institute, Tongji University, ChinaYi Weiming, PhD,School of Light Industry & Agricultural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, ChinaB. Brian He, University of Idaho, United StatesNalladurai Kaliyan, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, United StatesLijun Wang, North Carolina A&T State University, United StatesJiele Xu, North Carolina State University, United StatesWenqiao (Wayne) Yuan, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, UnitedStatesZhang Quanguo, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, ChinaGibbons R William, Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, United StatesYebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United StatesGonzalez L Jos, South Dakota State University, United StatesBang S. Sookie, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, United StatesYi-Heng Percival Zhang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States

AFPS Section EditorsPaul Chen, University of Minnesota, United StatesSoojin Jun, University of Hawaii, United StatesJianmei Yu, North Carolina A&T State University, United StatesShaojin Wang, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, United StatesWang Jun, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, ChinaPeng Yankun, China Agricultural University, ChinaZheng Xianzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China

AFPS Associate EditorsZheng Xianzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, ChinaMa Haile, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, ChinaHan Lujia, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, ChinaGuoping Lian, Unilever Research Colworth, United KingdomXiaofei Ye, The University of Tennessee, United StatesQixin Zhong, University of Tennessee, United StatesWade Yang, Alabama A&M University, United StatesYifen Wang, Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, United StatesDonghai Wang, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, United StatesZhongli Pan, PhD, Prof., President of AOC, University of California, Davis, CA, United StatesHao Feng, Department of Food Science, University of Illinois, United StatesLihan Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United StatesHaiqiang Chen, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, United StatesB. Brian He, University of Idaho, United StatesYebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United StatesHanwu Lei, Washington State University, United StatesShaojin Wang, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, United StatesLin Hetong, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, China

Editorial StaffWang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, ChinaPaul Chen, University of Minnesota, United StatesZhuojing Wu, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, ChinaShi Xiuhuan, Chinese Academy of Agricutural Engineering, ChinaRabi G. Rasaily, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, NepalLingyan Zhang, Part-time editor, China National Agrilcultural Development Group Corporation, China

Guest Head Editor

A/Prof. Thomas M Banhazi, University of South Queensland, AustraliaPhilip W. Gassman, Iowa State University, United States

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Honorary ChairmanWilliam Bill Joseph Chancellor, Member of National Academy of Engineering, University of California, Davis, UnitedStates

Wang Maohua, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Member of International Eurasian Academy ofSciences, Prof., China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

Jaw-Kai Wang, PhD, Prof., Member of National Academy of Engineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA,United States

Jiang Yiyuan, Prof., Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin,China, China

Li Peicheng, Prof., Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Chang, China

Chenghai Yang, PhD, Agricultural Engineer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS)College Station, Texas, USA, United States

Bill A. Stout, Emeritus Prof. of Texas A &M University, Honorary President of CIGR, College Station, TX, United States

Tao Dinglai, Prof., Founder of the CAAE & CSAE, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China, China

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ChairmenRoger Ruan, PhD, Prof., Director, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States

Zhu Ming (Standing), Prof., President of CSAE, President, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing, China

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Vice-ChairmenCao Weixing, PhD, Prof., Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

Da-Wen Sun, PhD, Prof., CIGR President, Member of Royal Irish Academy, Member of Academia Europaea, NationalUniversity of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

Fu Zetian, PhD, Prof., Vice-President of CSAE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

Juming Tang, PhD, Prof., Former President of AOC, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States

Kang Shaozhong, PhD, Prof., Academician of the CAE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

Luo Xiwen, Prof., Vice-President of CSAE, Academician of the CAE, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou,China

Naiqian Zhang, PhD, Prof., Former President of AOC, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States

Qiang Zhang, PhD, Former President of AOC, Prof. and Head of Biosystems Engineering Department, University ofManitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

Ruihong Zhang, University of California, United States

Xiusheng (Harrison) Yang, PhD, Prof, Former President of AOC, President of ACAAS, University of Connecticut, Storrs,United States

Ying Yibin, PhD, Prof., Executive Dean, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China

Yuan Shouqi, PhD, Prof., President, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

Zhao Chunjiang, PhD, Prof., Director, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing, China

Yubin Lan, PhD, Agricultural Engineer, Former President of AOC, USDA-ARS-SPARC, Adjunct Professor of Texas A&MUniversity-College Station, TX, United States

Zhongli Pan, PhD, Prof., President of AOC, University of California, Davis, CA, United States

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Journal ManagerWang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, China

Paul Chen, University of Minnesota, United States

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Editorial Board MembersA. Alexandrou, California State University - Fresno, Dept. of Plant Science, United States

Vilas M. Salokhe, Kaziranga University, India

Lingjuan W. Wang-Li, North Carolina State University, United States

Xiaomei Li, XY Green Carbon, Canada

Prof. Dr. Said Elshahat Abdallah, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

Guoqiang Zhang, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark

Milan Martinov, University of Novi Sad,

Youngjung Kim, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Korea, Republic of

Ravindra Naik, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, India

Jianmei Yu, North Carolina A&T State University, United States

Edward T. Huang, California Institute of Environmental Design & Management, United States

Jacek Dach, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

Reginald S. Fletcher, USDA-ARS, Integrated Farming & Natural Resources Research Unit, United States

Ge Zhenyang, Kunming University of Science and Technology, China

Ji Shiming, Zhejiang University of Technology, China

He Xinlin, Shihezi University, China

Zou Xiaobo, Jiangsu University, China

Du Ruicheng, Shandong University of Technology, China

Zhang Wei, College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China

Chen Haitao, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Wei Xiuju, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China

Yang Gongming, South China Agricultural University, China

Yang Xinting, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China

Dr., Prof. Zhou Yang, South China Agricultural University, China

Cao Weibin, Shihezi University, China

Yi Shujuan, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China

Yun Wenju, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center of Land and Resources Ministry, China

Zhou Fujun, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Zhou Xinqun, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China

Hulya Atil, Ege University, Turkey

Enchen Jiang, South China Agricultural University, China

Iris Xiaohong Xu, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Canada

R S Prasad, Punjab Engineering College, India

Gabriela Teodorescu, Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania

H. Erdal Ozkan, Ohio State University, United States

Mohammed Elfaki Mozib, University of Sana, Yemen

Dr. Michael W. Van Liew, None, United States

Baptista Fatima Folgoa, Department of Rural Engineering, University of Evora, Portugal

Mathias Schick, Research Station ART, Switzerland

Balram Panigrahi, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, India

Franis Gemtos, University of Thessaly, Greece

Tridib Kumar Goswami, Indian Institute of Technology, India

Manoj K. Jha, Civil Engineering Department, North Carolina A&T University, United States

Oleg S. Marchenko, All-Russia Research Institute for Mechanization in Agriculture (VIM), Russian Federation

Angelito V. Angeles, Central Luzon State University, Philippines

John Hampton, Lincoln University, New Zealand

Shreemat Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal

Olarewaju Akinola Johnson, School of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia

Hans W. Griepentrog, University of Hohenheim, Germany

Zhen He, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States

Markku Jarvenpaa, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Finland

Claus Gron Sorensen, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark

Xueming Yang, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada

Desa Ahmad, UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, Malaysia

R K Panda, Indian Institute of Technology, India

Jian Yu, University of Hawaii, United States

Gabor Zsivanovits, Food Research and Development Institute (Former CANRI) of Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Rodrigo Lilla Manzione, Universidade Estadual Paulista/Ourinhos, Brazil

Jan C Jofriet, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Canada

Luiz Henrique Luiz Henrique A Rodrigues, School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI) University of Campinas(UNICAMP), Brazil

Lope G. Tabil, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Zhuping Sheng, Texas A&M University, United States

David Tinker, European Society of Agricultural Engineers, United Kingdom

William Bill Joseph Chancellor, Member of National Academy of Engineering, University of California, Davis, UnitedStates

Yecong Li, Sapphire Energy, Inc., United States

Peeyush Soni, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin, Kansas State University, United States

Simon Blackmore, Harper Adams University College, United Kingdom

Chenxu Yu, Iowa State University, United States

Jiele Xu, North Carolina State University, United States

Yunus Pinar, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Turkey

Lazar Savin, University of Novi Sad,

Afam I O Jideani, University of Venda, South Africa

William S. Kisaalita, University of Georgia, United States

Seth I Manuwa, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria

Philip W. Gassman, Iowa State University, United States

Ziyu Wang, American Process Inc., United States

Mukand Singh Babel, Climate Change Asia at AIT (CCA@AIT) Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand

Ladislav Nozdrovicky, Slovak University of Agriculture, Slovakia

Xiuying (Susan) Wang, Texas A&M University, United States

Ruihong Zhang, University of California, United States

Manuel R Reyes, North Carolina A&T State University, United States

Antonio Brasa Ramos, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Jacek Przybyl, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

Chua Kian Jon Ernest, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez, Technical University of Madrid, Spain

Dr. Victor B Ella, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines

Hamish Gow, Massey University, New Zealand

Jeremy Harbinson, University of Wageningen, Netherlands

Eldert J. van Henten, Farm Technology Group, Wageningen UR, & Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture,Netherlands

Ruplal Choudhary, Southern Illinois University, United States

Dr Heiner Lehr, Syntesa ApS, Spain

Seung-Jin Maeng, Chungbuk National University, Korea, Republic of

In-Hwan Oh, Konkuk University, Korea, Republic of

Chung Sun-Ok, Chungnam National University, Korea, Republic of

Bassam Snobar, University of Jordan, Jordan

Prof. Taha M. Rababah, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan

Wang Xiulun, Mie University, Japan

Ultan Mc Carthy, University College Dublin, Ireland

N. Kapilan, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology, India

M N Dabhi, Junagadh Agricultural University, India

Di Wu, University College Dublin, Ireland

Noboru Noguchi, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan

Jun Abe, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Japan

Hiroaki SOMURA, Shimane University, Japan

Ing. Henning J. Meyer, Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany

Nicholas Kyei-Baffour, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

B K Kumbhar, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India

Samy Badr Khadr, Zanzibar Joint Farm, Egypt

K N Tiwari, Indian Institute of Technology, India

BEE Mohamed H Hatem, Cairo University, Egypt

Hannu E. S. Haapala, Seinajoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland

Prof. Wu Chuanyu, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China

Jiri Blahovec, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic

Mahmoud Hany Ramadan, Al-Mansoura University, Egypt

Gao Haiyan, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Chen Jianneng, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China

Wu Huarui, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China

Liu Yande, East China Jiaotong University, China

Li Hongwen, China Agricultural University, China

Xu Guangyin, Henan Agricultural University, China

Wu Caicong, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, China

Li Baoming, China Agricultural University, China

Li Pingping, Nanjing Forestry University, China

Dong Renjie, China Agricultural University, China

Ye Xingqian, Zhejiang University, China

Liu Donghong, Zhejiang University, China

Allen (Jack) McHugh, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia

Wang Chun, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, China

Sun Yurui, China Agricultural University, China

Li Dong, China Agricultural University, China

Peng Yankun, China Agricultural University, China

Zeng Dechao, China Agricultural University, China

Bingcheng Si, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Huiqing Guo, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Li Shaowen, Anhui Agricultural University, China

Jun Zhu, University of Minnesota, United States

Xiying Hao, Agricultural and Agri-Food Canada, Canada

A/Prof. Thomas M Banhazi, University of South Queensland, Australia

Deli Chen, The University of Melbourne, Australia

Mauro Greppi, Istituto di Idraulica Agraria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy

Daniele De Wrachien, Universit, Italy

Stefano Mambretti, Politecnico of Milan, Italy

Tadeusz Pawlowski, Industrial institute of Agricultural Engineering, Poland

Jiqin Ni, Purdue University, United States

Yigang Sun, University of Illinois, United States

Xinlei Wang, University of Illinois, United States

Hongwei Xin, Iowa State University, United States

Shuangning Xiu, North Carolina A&T State University, United States

Lingying Zhao, The Ohio State University, United States

Jiannong Xin, University of Florida, United States

Jukka Rintala, MTT Agrifood Research, Finland

Jing Liu, Lund University, Sweden

Enrique Molto, Valencian Institute of Agricultural Research, Spain

Josse De Baerdemaeker, Department of Agro-Engineering and -Economics, Belgium

Nick Sigrimis, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece

Seonggu Hong, Hankyong National University, Korea, Republic of

In-Bok Lee, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea, Republic of

Wang Xiangyou, Shandong University of Technology, China

Athapol Noomhorm, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand

Zhang Xianfeng, Institute of Remote Sensing and GIS, Peking University, China

Bo Mattiasson, Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Sweden

Myongsoo Chung, Department of Food Science, Ehwa Women's University, Korea, Republic of

Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway

Rajvir Yadav, Junagadh Agricultural University, India

Guangnan Chen, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Australia

Nalladurai Kaliyan, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, United States

Liang Wang, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, China

Antonio Saraiva, University of Sao Paulo-Polytechnic School, Brazil

Neil McLaughlin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada

Stavros G.Vougioukas, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Greece

Victoria Blanes-Vidal, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark

Roger Martin-Clouaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agrono, France

Tadeusz Kuczynski, University of Zielona Gora, Poland

Peter Groot Koerkamp, Wageningen University, Netherlands

Vladislav Minin, the Russian Academy of Agricultural Science, Russian Federation

Akbar Arabhosseini, University of Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Ma Xiaoyi, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, China

Andreas Herbst, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany

Arason Sigurj, Department of Food Science, University of Iceland, Iceland

Bang S. Sookie, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, United States

B. Brian He, University of Idaho, United States

Chen Jian, College of Engineering, Southwest University, China

Huang Guanhua, China Agricultural University, China

Zhao Lixin, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China

Ji Changying, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Ding Weimin, Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Dong Changsheng, Shanxi Agricultural University, China

Donghai Wang, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, United States

E. John Stevens, The New Zealand & Australia Branch of IAMFE, New Zealand

Keith Weatherhead, Cranfield University, United Kingdom

Guoping Lian, Unilever Research Colworth, United Kingdom

He Xiongkui, College of Science, China Agricultural University, China

Hong Tiansheng, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, China

Isaac Shainberg, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel

Li Chenghua, Shenyang Ligong University, China

Li Ming, Yunnan Normal University, China

Lin Hetong, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, China

Peter Schulze-Lammers, Institut for Landtechnik, University of Bonn, Germany

Ruixiu Sui, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), United States

Ruth Ben-Arie, Israel Fruit Growers Association, Israel

Shuqi Shang, Qingdao Agricultural University, China

Luo Weihong, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Thomas Jungbluth, University of Hohenheim, Germany

Wang Quanjiu, Xi'an University of Technology, China

Wenqiao (Wayne) Yuan, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, UnitedStates

Ren Tusheng, China Agricultural University, China

Liu Tingxi, Inner Mogolia Agricultural University, China

Li Changyou, Inner Mogolia Agricultural University, China

Li Tianlai, Shenyang Agricultural University, China

Yao-Wen Huang, Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, United States

Wang Chunguang, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China

Yanbo Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States

Yi Liang, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, United States

Ying Chen, Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Canada

Yi-Heng Percival Zhang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States

Yue Tianli, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, China

Heather McNarin, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada

Nicolas Tremblay, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada

Haiqiang Chen, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, United States

Li Wenzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Lijun Wang, North Carolina A&T State University, United States

Wei Gao, University of Colorado, United States

Patricia Bresnahan, University of Connecticut, United States

Glenn Warner, University of Connecticut, United States

Shulin Chen, Washington State University, United States

Lie Tang, Iowa State University, United States

Ning Wang, Oklahoma State University, United States

Dr. Shufeng Han, United States

Yang Qinghua, Zhejiang University of Technology, China

Yuzhou Luo, University of California at Davis, United States

Hao Feng, Department of Food Science, University of Illinois, United States

Lihan Huang, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, United States

Li Minzan, China Agricultural University, China

Joachim M, Institute for Agricultural Engineering, University of Hohenheim, Germany

Liao Qingxi, Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Prof. Wang Jinwu, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Shao Ming'an, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China

Guo Yuming, Shanxi Agricultural University, China

Xiaofei Ye, The University of Tennessee, United States

Qixin Zhong, University of Tennessee, United States

Heping Zhu, United States Department of Agriculture, United States

Wade Yang, Alabama A&M University, United States

Mao Hanping, Jiangsu University, China

Gonzalez L Jos, South Dakota State University, United States

Hanwu Lei, Washington State University, United States

Yeqiao Wang, CELS-NRS Coastal Institute In Kingston, United States

Sun Songlin, Hunan Agricultural University, China

Ying Zhang, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Yifen Wang, Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, United States

Wang Yingkuan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, China

Ma Haile, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, China

Xuejun Pan, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States

Gibbons R William, Department of Biology & Microbiology, South Dakota State University, United States

Lei Tingwu, College of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, China Agricutural University, China

Fu Qiang, College of Water Conservancy & Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Shaojin Wang, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, United States

Liu Ronghou, Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Yang Tao, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, United States

Yebo Li, Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, United States

He Yong, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, China

Han Lujia, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, China

Wang Jihua, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China

Huang Wenjiang, National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, China

Ou Yinggang, College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, China

Tong Jin, College of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, China

Yuanhui Zhang, Dep of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urban-Champaign, United States

Wang Jun, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, China

Zhang Dongxing, Engineering College, China Agricultural University, China

Zhang Guochen, Dalian Fisheries University, China

Zhang Quanguo, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, China

Zhang Yalei, Modern Agricultural Science & Engineering Institute, Tongji University, China

Zheng Baodong, College of Food Science & Technology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, China

Zheng Xianzhe, Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, China

Zhou Changji, Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, China

Zhou Zhili, Henan University of Science and Technology, China

Zhu Hongguang, Modern Agricultural Science & Engineering Institute, Tongji University, China

Zhu Songming, College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, China

Zhu Wenxue, Food and Bioengineering College,Henan University of Science and Technology, China

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Table of Contents

Overview ArticlesReview of electro-hydraulic hitch system control method of automated tractors

Ling Wang, Yu Wang, Dong Dai, Xin Wang, Shumao WangPDF

1-11

Applied Science, Engineering and TechnologyBionic design and performance test of maize grain cleaning screen through earthworm motioncharacteristics

Lijun Wang, Yongtao Yu, Shuai Zhang, Xin Feng, Lianglai Song

PDF12-21

Biomimetic earthworm dynamic soil looser for improving soybean emergence rate in cold andarid regions

Jiale Zhao, Xiaogeng Wang, Yun Lu, Yanpeng Wei, Mingzhuo Guo, Jun Fu

PDF22-31

Dynamic spreading characteristics of droplet impinging soybean leavesHe Li, Xiaoxiao Niu, Li Ding, Ali Shahid Tahir, Changle Guo, Jiajun Chai, Kaifei Zhang,Shangshang Cheng, Yiqiu Zhao, Yahui Zhang, Yigao Xu, Zengqiang Shang

PDF32-45

Distribution regularity of downwash airflow under rotors of agricultural UAV for plant protectionXin Liu, Wei Zhang, Haiba Fu, Xiaoming Fu, Liqiang Qi

PDF46-57

Non-intrusive flowrate measurement and monitoring system of plant-protection unmannedaircraft systems based on pump voice analysis

Yang Xu, Xinyu Xue, Zhu Sun, Wei Gu

PDF58-65

Animal, Plant and Facility SystemsModeling and simulation of temperature control system in plant factory using energy balance

Mingqiu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyu Chen, Fei Wang, Hui Wang, Jisheng Zhang, Linhui LiuPDF

66-75

Changes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in two soybean (Glycine max) varietiesunder NaCl stress

Bin Luo, Cheng Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Han Zhang, Yanan Zhou, Wensen Wang, Peng Song

PDF76-82

Power and Machinery SystemsOptimization of operating parameters of seeding device in plot drill with seeding control system

Xiupei Cheng, Hongwen Li, Jin He, Qingjie Wang, Caiyun Lu, Yingbo Wang, Chao Wang,Chunlei Wang, Shangyi Lou

PDF83-91

Migration law of flax threshing materials in double channel air-and-screen separating cleanerFei Dai, Xuefeng Song, Ruijie Shi, Wuyun Zhao, Wenjuan Guo, Yang Zhang

PDF92-102

Optimization and experiment on key structural parameters of no-tillage planter with straw-smashing and strip-mulching

Yinyan Shi, Xiaochan Wang, Zhichao Hu, Fengwei Gu, Feng Wu, Youqing Chen

PDF103-111

Design and test of post-seat weeding machine for paddyLiang Tian, Chengmao Cao, Kuan Qin, Liangfei Fang, Jun Ge

PDF112-122

Operation analysis and parameter optimization of drum type soil-covering deviceHongzhen Xu, Dongyang Tian, Jiaodi Liu, Zhenhua Niu, Qiang Li

PDF123-129

Furrow design for improving crop establishment of two-wheel tractor operated strip tillageplanters in loam and clay loam soils

M. Arshadul Hoque, M. M. Hossain, A. T. M. Ziauddin, Timothy J. Krupnik, Mahesh K. Gathala

PDF130-139

Natural Resources and Environmental SystemsChanges in soil temperature and water content under mobile soil steam disinfection

Zhenjie Yang, Xiaochan Wang, Muhammad AmeenPDF

140-147

Dynamics of physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation under rain-waterstorage irrigation

Yuanyuan Li, Xiaohou Shao, Yanbin Li, Menghua Xiao

PDF148-155

Simulating advance distance in border irrigation systems based on the improved method ofcharacteristics

Kaihua Liu, Xiyun Jiao, Weihua Guo, Mohamed Khaled Salahou, Zhe Gu

PDF156-162

Information Technology, Sensors and Control SystemsNon-uniform clustering routing protocol of wheat farmland based on effective energyconsumption

Yisheng Miao, Chunjiang Zhao, Huarui Wu

PDF163-170

Optimization method for accurate positioning seeding based on sowing decisionXueguan Zhao, Liping Chen, Yuanyuan Gao, Shuo Yang, Changyuan Zhai

PDF171-180

Nitrogen content diagnosis of apple trees canopies using hyperspectral reflectance combinedwith PLS variable extraction and extreme learning machine

Shaomin Chen, Lihui Ma, Tiantian Hu, Lihua Luo, Qiong He, Shaowu Zhang

PDF181-188

Rapid, simple, low-cost smartphone-based fluorescence detection of Escherichia coliDante Rojas-Barboza, Edward Park, Rolfe Sassenfeld, Jeremy Winder, Geoffrey B. Smith,Delia Valles-Rosalles, Efren Delgado, Young Ho Park

PDF189-193

Low-cost experimental application of real-time kinematic positioning for increasing the benefitsin cereal crops

Abdelhamid Tayebi, Josefa Gómez, Marián Fernández, Francisco Sáez de Adana, OscarGutiérrez

PDF194-199

Nondestructive determination of GABA in germinated brown rice with near infraredspectroscopy based on wavelet transform denoising

Qiang Zhang, Nian Liu, Shuangshuang Wang, Leiqing Pan

PDF200-206

Spectroscopic measurement approaches in evaluation of dry rubber content of cup lump rubberusing machine learning techniques

Amorndej Puttipipatkajorn, Amornrit Puttipipatkajorn

PDF207-213

Research Progress on Soil Moisture Sensor Technology: A ReviewLimin Yu

Biosystems, Biological and Ecological EngineeringInfluence of reservoir construction on surrounding vegetation cover

Ping Liu, Xinrui Li, Ruikang Zhang, Mengrou Yao, Junfeng Chen, Yanrong Li, Xiangru Jia,Yunfei Xing

PDF214-220

Renewable Energy and Material SystemsExperimental research on optimization of compression molding process parameters ofpineapple rind residue

Kunpeng Tian, Bin Zhang, Jicheng Huang, Haolu Liu, Cheng Shen, Xianwang Li, QiaominChen

PDF221-227

Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’scell

Rieny Sulistijowati, . Sudin, Rita Marsuci Harmain

PDF228-231

Agro-product and Food Processing SystemsPerformance test and process parameter optimization of 9FF type square bale straw crusher

Jie Zhang, Bin Feng, Lei Guo, Lingzhuo Kong, Chao Zhao, Xiuzhen Yu, Wenjie Luo, Za KanPDF

232-240

Combination of wound healing with 1-methylcyclopropene and wound detection by iodinesolution to maintain the quality of sweet potato during long-term storage

Jixuan Cao, Pei Liu, Xuejiao Wang, Qingguo Wang, Jingying Shi

PDF241-246

Prediction method for nutritional quality of Korla pear during storageYang Liu, Qiang Zhang, Hao Niu, Hong Zhang, Haipeng Lan, Yong Zeng, Fuguo Jia

PDF247-254

Rheological properties of peanut protein isolate aggregation suspension and acid-induced gelZhigang Huang, Xueying Wang, Shangyi Chi, Zhe Hua, Chonghao Bi

PDF255-260

Cover CaptionsOptimization research on no-tillage planter from NAU and NIAM

COVER

Welcome to publish with IJABE

BACK COVER

InformationFourth-term IJABE International Editorial Board

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Home > Vol 14, No 3 (2021) > Sulistijowati

Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteriaisolated of swimmer crab’s cellRieny Sulistijowati, . Sudin, Rita Marsuci Harmain

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating the chitinase enzyme activity produced by chitinolytic bacteria from the skin of blueswimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and identification of the genus isolate. This study consists of two stages: firstly, thequalitative and quantitative activity of the chitinase enzyme; and secondly, biochemical identification of the bacteria.The quantitative chitinase enzyme activity is measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer UV-Vis at the wavelengthat 660 nm. The chitinase enzyme is obtained from the isolation of chitinolytic bacteria cultured within a media to growsolid chitin, which contains colloidal chitin substrate as chitinase inductor at the temperature of 30°C. The highestchitinolytic activity is obtained from the 24 h supernatant culture, with a value of enzyme activity at 0.149 U/mL.Macroscopic and microscopic identification showed that the chitinolytic bacteria isolate R1, whereas the biochemical cellshows the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas.

Keywords: biodegradable, chitinase, spectrophotometer, Portunus pelagicus, Pseudomonas DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5273

Citation: Sulistijowati R, Sudin, Harmain R M. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteriaisolated of swimmer crab’s cell. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 228–231.

Keywords

biodegradable, chitinase, spectrophotometer, Portunus pelagicus, Pseudomonas

Full Text:PDF

References

[References]

Bhattacharya D, Nagpure A, Gupta K R. Bacterial chitinases: Properties and potential. Critical Reviews inBiotechnology, 2008; 27(1): 21–28.

Younes I, Bellaaj O G, Nasri R, Chaabouni M, Rinaudo M, Nasri M. Chitin and chitosan preparation from shrimp shellsusing optimized enzymatic deproteinization. Journal Process Chemistry, 2012; 47: 2032–2039.

Arbia W, Arbia L, Adour L, Amrane A. Chitin extraction from crustaceanshells using biological methods. A Review FoodTechnol

Biotechnol, 2013; 51(1): 12–25.

Purkan P, Baktir A, Sayyidah A R. Production of chitinase enzyme from aspergillus niger utilizing the blue swimmercrab’s waste as inducer/ Produksi enzim kitinase dari Aspergillus niger menggunakan limbah cangkang rajungansebagai induser. Journal Kimia Riset, 2016; 1(1): 34–38. (in Indonesian)

Oh Y S, Shih L, Tzeng Y M, Wang S L. Protease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 and its application in thedeproteinization of shrimp and crab shell waste. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2000; 27(1-2): 3–10.

Homaei A, Lavajoo F, Sariri R. Development of marine biotechnology as a resource for novel proteases and their role inmodern biotechnology. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2016; 88: 542–552.

Sudin, Sulistijowati R, Harmain R M. Screening and growth pattern chitinolytic bacteria of blue swimmer crab’s cell/Penapisan dan pola pertumbuhan bakteri kitinolitik dari cangkang rajungan. Jambura Fish Processing Journal, 2020;2(1): 36–45. (in Indonesian)

Purkan P, Azizah B, Baktir A, Sumarsih S. Exploration of chitinolytic bacteria from organic waste: Isolation andcharacterization of chitinase enzyme. Journal of Molecular, 2014; 9(2): 129–133.

Cappuccino J G, Sherman N. Microbiology a laboratory manual. Seven Edition. State University of New York, 2005;143–203.

Aditi F Y, Rahman S S, Hossain M D M. A study on the microbiological status of mineral drinking water. The OpenMicrobiology Journal 2017; 11: 31–34.

Patil R S, Ghormade V, Despande M V. Chitinolytic enzymes: An exploration. Journal Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2000; 26: 473–483.

Fukamizo T. Chitinolytic enzyme: Catalysis, substrate binding, and their application. Journal Current Protein & PeptideScience, 2000; 1(1): 105–124.

Orinda E, Puspita I D, Putra M P, Ustadi U, Lelana, I Y B. Chitinolytic enzyme activity of isolate SDI23 from petis andthe activity of its partially purified enzyme in different pH and temperature (Aktivitas enzim pendegradasi kitin dariisolat SDI23 asal petis serta karakterisasi ph dan suhu dan aktivitas enzim hasil purivikasi parsial. Jurnal Perikanan). J.Fish. Sci, 2015; 17(2): 96–102. (in Indonesian)

Zhu M M, He H J, Fan M T, Ma H J, Ren H W, Zeng J, et al. Application and optimization of solid-state fermentationprocess for enhancing polygalacturonase production by Penicillium expansum. Int J Agri & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(6): 187–194.

Setia I N, Suharjono. Chitinolytic assay and identification of bacteria Isolated from shrimp waste based on 16S rDNAsequences. Advances in Microbiology, 2015; 5: 541–548.

Hemraj V, Dikhsa S, Afneet G. A review commonly used biochemical test for bacteria. Journal of Life Science, 2013;1(1): 1–7.

Amano M M T, Enokimoto M, Yano T, Moe K K, Misawa N. Influence of pH of TSI medium on the detection of hydrogensulfide production by campylobacter hyointestinalis. Journal Compilation, 2007; 44: 544–549.

Cowan S C, Steel S. Manual for the identification of medical bacteria. Cambridge University Press Cambridge, London,2003.

Wang S L, Chang W T. Purification and characterization of two bifunctional chitinases/lysozymes extracellularlyproduced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 in a shrimp and crab shell powder medium. Applied and EnvironmentalMicrobiology, 1997: 63(2): 380–386.

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Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2021-2023 Copyright IJABE Editing and Publishing Office

228 May, 2021 Int J Agric & Biol Eng Open Access at https://www.ijabe.org Vol. 14 No. 3

Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria

isolated of swimmer crab’s cell

Rieny Sulistijowati*, Sudin, Rita Marsuci Harmain

(Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo,

Central City of Gorontalo, 96128, Indonesia)

Abstract: This study aimed at investigating the chitinase enzyme activity produced by chitinolytic bacteria from the skin of

blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) and identification of the genus isolate. This study consists of two stages: firstly, the

qualitative and quantitative activity of the chitinase enzyme; and secondly, biochemical identification of the bacteria. The

quantitative chitinase enzyme activity is measured using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer UV-Vis at the wavelength at 660 nm.

The chitinase enzyme is obtained from the isolation of chitinolytic bacteria cultured within a media to grow solid chitin, which

contains colloidal chitin substrate as chitinase inductor at the temperature of 30°C. The highest chitinolytic activity is

obtained from the 24 h supernatant culture, with a value of enzyme activity at 0.149 U/mL. Macroscopic and microscopic

identification showed that the chitinolytic bacteria isolate R1, whereas the biochemical cell shows the characteristics of the

genus Pseudomonas.

Keywords: biodegradable, chitinase, spectrophotometer, Portunus pelagicus, Pseudomonas

DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5273

Citation: Sulistijowati R, Sudin, Harmain R M. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated

of swimmer crab’s cell. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(3): 228–231.

1 Introduction

The earth chitin is among the most abundant biomass present.

Chitinase plays an important role in the decomposition of chitin

and potentially in the utilization of chitin as a renewable resource.

The implementation of biotechnology toward chitin, which keeps

progressing, is the utilization of enzymes from microorganisms for

biodegradation. In biodegradation, an enzyme derived from

microorganisms breaks large molecule or chitin polymer into

utilizable products. In general, types of an enzyme that degraded

the chitin are chitinase enzyme[1].

Microorganisms that degraded chitin, in general, are those

derived from bacteria group. Chitinase enzyme produced by

chitinolytic bacteria has the potential to degrade chitin due to the

existence of the chitinase enzyme, which enables the conversion of

abundantly available chitin into usable products. The bacteria that

produce chitinase enzyme or chitinolytic bacteria can be found

within the habitat that contains a high level of chitin, such as in the

cell of the blue swimmer crab. Blue swimmer crab’s cell

(Portunus pelagicus) can be obtained from the processing waste or

fresh. Chitinase enzyme application can be informed of

enzymatic production of chitin. The chitin can be produced

enzymatically and chemically. The enzymatic method uses

enzymes or bacteria for deproteinization by adding enzyme or by

the involvement of chitinase to degrade chitin. Meanwhile, the

chemical process is through demineralization by adding acid or

Received date: 2019-12-25 Accepted date: 2020-06-29

Biographies: Sudin, Junior Scientist, research interest: marine biotechnology,

Email: sudynsultra@gmail.com; Rita Marsuci Harmain, Research Assistant,

research interest: marine microbiology, Email: rmarsuci@yahoo.com.

*Corresponding author: Rieny Sulistijowati, Associate Professor, research

interest: biotechnology process. Department of Fishery Product Technology,

Faculty of Fishery and Marine Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia,

Central City of Gorontalo, Sudirman Street No. 06, Postal Code 96128. Tel:

+62-435-821125, Email: rienysulistijowati@ung.ac.id.

alkali, such as HCl and NaOH[2].

Arbia et al.[3] isolate chitinolytic bacteria to produce several

bacteria, one of which was Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

isolated from crab’s cell. The production of chitinase enzyme

from Aspergillus niger utilized the blue swimmer crab’s waste as

inducer[4]. Protease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187,

the highest protease activity was as high as 21.2 U/mL, 10-fold that

(2.2 U/mL) obtained before optimization[5]. In common with all

enzymes, external factors such as temperature, pH and type of

media are important for the activity, catalytic efficiency, stability

and proper functioning of proteases[6]. Chitinase activity of

isolates chitinolytic bacteria can degrade different chitins.

The needs for the chitin derivatives are increasing. Thus,

researches on chitinase enzyme activity through the isolation of

bacteria from the blue swimmer crab is needed. Two isolates

chitinolytic bacteria from the skin of blue swimmer crab were

observed primarily in Katialada village of Kwandang sub-district of

North Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo Province of Indonesia. The

results obtained from the purification process following 48 h

incubation in the temperature of 30°C shows a clear zone that

formed in the colony of the bacteria[7]. However, specific zones

are only found in white and light brown-colored bacteria.

Furthermore, these two isolates are macroscopically and

microscopically identified. The R1 isolate shows a white-colored

colony; meanwhile, the R2 isolate shows a light brown-colored

colony. Meanwhile, from the shape/form and elevation of the

colony, there are no differences between isolates R1 and R2, both

colonies have a circular shape and convex elevation. The result of

gram staining in these two chitinolytic bacteria isolates R1 and R2

shows the gram-negative result. This is signified by changes of

color of these two isolates into the red after the gram staining.

The study shows that CI 11 of the R1 isolate has the largest

Chitinolytic Index by one, the chitinolytic index shows the ability

of the microbes to degrade chitin. The more enzyme produced,

the wider the clear zone produced as more chitin is degraded.

May, 2021 Sulistijowati R, et al. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’s cell Vol. 14 No.3 229

This is due to the type of bacteria growth pattern and enzyme

activity needs to be known to have a good degrading ability.

Therefore, this study aimed at testing the produced chitinase

activity and identification chitinase producer bacteria of blue

swimmer crab.

2 Methods and materials

2.1 Station and laboratory

Isolate R1 was obtained from fresh blue swimmer crab’s cells

which came from the crabs’ farmer in Katialada village of

Kwandang sub-district of North Gorontalo Regency, Gorontalo

Province of Indonesia. The identification biochemical test of the

chitinolytic bacteria were carried out at the Fish Quarantine Station

Laboratory Quality Control and Fisheries Product Security Class I

Gorontalo Province of Indonesia, and the chitinolytic bacteria

enzyme activity test are carried out at the Pharmaceutical

Laboratory of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo.

2.2 Materials

The tools used in this study were test tube, inoculum needle,

vortex, measuring cup, beaker glass, Erlenmeyer, centrifuge,

centrifuge tube, shaker, pH meter, micropipette, micro tip, stirrer,

magnetic stabilizer, petri dish, oven, crooked spoon, Bunsen lamp,

incubator, laminar air, analytical scales, UV-vis spectrophotometer,

and microscope.

Materials used in this study were R1 isolated of blue swimmer

crab’s cell, chitin, chitin colloidal (chitin, condensed HCl, NaOH,

distillate water), chitin agar (chitin colloidal, KH2PO4,

MgSO4·7H2O, yeast extract, agar, distillate water), Luria broth

(yeast extract, tryptone water, NaCl, distillate water), nutrient agar,

aluminum foil, alcohol, crystal violet, iodine solution, glucose,

sucrose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, triple sugar iron agar, motility

indole ornithine, oxidative/fermentative, methyl red-Voges

Proskauer, methyl-red, and sterile liquid paraffin.

2.3 Quantitative activity of chitinase enzyme test

One dose of inoculum was added into 100 mL of production

medium (similar composition to a solid medium, but without agar)

then incubated in the temperature of 30°C and centrifuged in the

speed of 170 r/min. Every three hours, 2 mL of cell culture was

sampled for 33 h. Then centrifuged in the temperature of 4°C using

10.000 r/min speed for 10 min, the formed supernatant was the raw

extract of chitinase enzyme. The absorbance is then measured

using spectrophotometer UV/Vis in wavelength of 660 nm[8], the

sample was carried out twice repetitions.

2.4 Biochemical test

The biochemical test was carried out to identify and classify

bacteria into their group of taxonomy. The principle of this

biochemical test is that if the bacteria are cultured in several media,

the bacteria show macroscopic differences in their growth[9,10].

Carbohydrate fermentation test was to find out the bacteria’s ability

in fermenting carbohydrate by preparing the carbohydrate broth

which consists of glucose, sucrose, maltose, and mannitol; MR-VP

(methyl red-Voges Proskauer) test was to inoculate bacteria into a

medium, which incubated in the temperature of 30°C for 24 h by

adding methyl red reagent and KOH, to observe the bacteria ability

in producing the mix acid and acetylenes; Citrate test was

inoculating bacteria into a medium and incubated in the

temperature of 30°C for 24 h by adding bromothymol blue (BTB)

reagent, then the ability of the bacteria to use citrate as the only

source of carbon was observed; H2S test was to inoculate the

bacteria into sulfide indole motility (SIM) which incubated for

24-48 h in the temperature of 30°C, then the ability of the bacteria

to produce H2S which signified by the existence of black sediment

was observed; Oxidation/fermentation (O/F) test was inoculating

the bacteria into the O/F medium, which incubated for 24 h in the

temperature of 30°C, then observe the ability of the bacteria to use

carbohydrate through fermentation or oxidation; TSIA (triple sugar

iron agar) test was inoculating bacteria into TSIA media, which

incubated for 24-48 h in the temperature of 30°C, then the ability of

the bacteria in fermenting glucose, lactose, and sucrose was

observed; Indole test was inoculating bacteria into indole media,

which incubated for 24 h in the temperature of 30°C, then the

ability of bacteria in degrading the tryptophan amino acid in the

medium was observed.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Quantitative activity of the chitinolytic bacteria enzyme

The activity of the chitinolytic bacteria enzyme is essential to

be known to find out the ability of the bacteria to produce the

enzyme in 33 h with an interval of 3 h. As shown in Figure 1,

there were several increasing and decreasing stages in chitinase

activity. The first inclination happened during the incubation time

of 0 to 12 h. The second increase of the enzyme activity showed

that the substrate was starting to be hydrolyzed to produce the

chitinase enzyme. Hence, bacteria could digest nutrition. Patil

et al.[11] found that bacteria produce extracellular chitinase to take

on nutrition. Following this inclination, there is the first declining

phase on the 15th to the 18th hour of incubation. The decrease of

this enzyme activity is due to other compounds (aside from N-Acetyl

glucosamine) that triggers the decrease of enzyme production.

Figure 1 Chitinase activity curve from Pseudomonas

This phenomenon is due to the existence of other chitin-degrading

enzymes produced by the bacteria. Colloidal chitin also can be

hydrolyzed by deacetylating chitin produced by chitosan and

chitosanase which produce chitobiose[12]. Following this

declining phase, the chitinase activity climbs up in the incubation

time of the 21st hour to its highest chitinase activity can be obtained

from the supernatant culture in the incubation of time of the 24th

hour, which stated with the value of enzyme activity of 0.149 U/mL.

One unit of chitinase enzyme activity is defined as several enzymes

needed to release 1 mmol NAG/min. This result is different from

the result of the enzymes activity test carried out by Purkan et al.[8]

who found that the highest enzyme activity was in the 18th hour of

incubation time, which stated with the value of enzyme activity of

0.3850 U/mL. Moreover the ability of the bacteria to produce

chitinase highly varied. Factors such as different types of bacteria,

the growth rate of each isolate in the medium, temperature, pH or

laboratory treatment during the experiment can be factors that

influence variation in the produced enzyme activity[13,14].

Chitinase activity was 0.213 and 0.219 U/mL respectively of PBK 2

and SA 1.2 isolates from shrimp waste. Based on 16S rDNA

sequences, isolate of PBK 2 was identified as Acinetobacter

230 May, 2021 Int J Agric & Biol Eng Open Access at https://www.ijabe.org Vol. 14 No. 3

johnsonii 3-1, whereas SA 1.2 was identified as Bacillus

amyloliquefaciens GR53 with 99.78% similarity[15].

The rebound of enzyme activity shows that there is more of the

substrate being hydrolyzed. The chitinase enzyme activity is

steadily increasing until it reaches optimum incubation time.

Following the reach of this optimum incubation time, the enzyme

activity decreases due to the accumulation of hydrolyzed products,

which can further inhibit the enzyme activity. This is

characterized by the decrease of enzyme activity on the incubation

time of hour 27 to hour 33. The decrease of chitinase enzyme

activity after the optimum incubation time is due to the changes in

the state of the enzyme ion and the state of substrate ion which

caused denaturation of enzyme which followed by the loose of

enzyme catalytic activity[12]. Besides, there are also change in the

tertiary structure of the enzyme due to denaturation, which made

the hydrophobic amino acid group within the enzyme come into

contact with water, thus, the solubility of the enzyme weakens.

The decrease of chitinase solubility causes a gradual decrease in

enzyme activity.

Chitinolytic bacteria isolates showed unstable chitinase activity

(fluctuate). This may be due to the isolate that produces the

chitinase at the beginning of its growth[13]. In line with the

utilization of nutrition for growth, it is also suspected that chitinase

is also used by bacteria as a source of protein, thus its chitinase

activity decreases.

The decrease of enzyme activity can also be caused by factors

such as temperature, pH, substrate and biomass during treatment in

the laboratory. The temperature has two main influences on the

reaction and the denaturation. The influence of reaction toward the

enzyme is that the increase of temperature will accelerate the

reaction process, while the decrease in the temperature will cause

the reaction to slow down. When the temperature reaches a certain

limit, it will cause denaturation. Besides, when the pH of the

environment is too acid or base, enzyme denaturation can also

happen. Reaction speed catalyzed by the enzyme is highly

influenced by substrate concentration. In the low level of

substrate concentration, reaction speed by catalyzed by the enzyme

can also be very low. In reverse, reaction speed will increase along

with the increase of substrate concentrate up to certain points that is

the maximum reaction speed limit. When this saturated point of

the enzyme has been reached, it will not function properly. Lastly,

the number of bacteria inoculum (biomass) inserted into the media

also strongly influence the enzyme activity.

3.2 Biochemical test

The biochemical test toward the characteristics of chitinolytic

bacteria was carried out by fermenting bacteria in the various

sources of nutrition as shown in Figure 2. The biochemical test

result of chitinolytic bacteria is presented in Table 1.

Figure 2 Isolate R1 (10×100 magnification)

Table 1 Biochemical characteristics of chitinolytic bacteria

isolate R1

No Test Results

1 Glucose fermentation Negative

2 Sucrose fermentation Negative

3 Lactose fermentation Negative

4 Maltose fermentation Negative

5 Mannitol fermentation Negative

6 Citrate use Negative

7 Sulfide indole motility Negative

8 Triple sugar iron agar Alkaline/Alkaline

9 Methyl red reaction Negative

10 Voges Proskauer reaction Negative

11 Indole production Negative

12 Oxidase/Fermentative action Negative

Fermentation test in several types of carbohydrate (glucose,

maltose, sucrose, mannitol, lactose) shows that all fermentation

reaction is negative. This is characterized by the unchanging red

color of the carbohydrate media. When the color of the medium

in the carbohydrate test turns into yellow, it means that the colony

forms acid from that carbohydrate[10].

A citrate test was carried out to find out the ability of the

chitinolytic bacteria isolates to utilize citrate as the only source of

carbon and energy. When a microorganism can use citrate, there

will be an increase of pH and change in the color of the media into

blue color. In this study, the citrate test reveals that the chitinolytic

bacteria cannot utilize citrate as the only source of carbon. This is

shown by the unchanging green color of the media, which means

that the test result is negative. Positive test results in the citrate test

are shown when the color changes from green to blue[16].

Further, the H2S test result in SIM is negative. This negative

result is reached when microorganism has no ability to hydrolyzed

heavy metal within the media. H2S is produced by several types

of microorganisms, which can break or degrade amino acid within

the sulfur (S). The existence of H2S can be observed by adding

several crystals of heavy metals into the media.

The reaction observable in the TSIA test shows a red color,

which means that there is no change of color in both vertical and

slight agar. This indicates that the bacteria are unable to ferment

sugar. In the vertical agar if the bacteria can ferment glucose, the

color of the media will change from red to yellow[17]. Whereas in

slight agar, if the bacteria can ferment lactose and sucrose, the

color of the media will change into yellow, meanwhile, when there

is no fermentation process of lactose and sucrose, the color will not

change.

Methyl red test also reveals a negative result. This is shown

by the unchanging color of the media which does not change into

yellow even after the addition of methyl red reagent. The red

colour signifies the positive test result, and if the color of the broth

is yellow, then the result of the test is negative[16]. Similarly, the

Voges Proskauer test also shows a negative result. This is evident

after the addition of the KOH solution; the color does not change.

The Voges Proskauer test will be stated as positive when there is a

form of acid, which signifies by the changes of medium color into

pink after the KOH solution is added. Meanwhile, the indole test

also shows a negative result. This result is obtained after the

reagent Kovac is added, which signify by the formation of a yellow

ring. The existence of indole is detected by Kovac reagent and the

formation of a red ring.

May, 2021 Sulistijowati R, et al. Chitinase activity potential and identification of chitinolytic bacteria isolated of swimmer crab’s cell Vol. 14 No.3 231

The objective of the oxidizing fermentative test is to find out

the oxidation and fermentation characteristics of bacteria toward

glucose. Based on the result of the study on the O/F test, it does

not show either oxidation or fermentation. This is evident when

the media, either without liquid paraffin or without paraffin at all,

do not change color. Bacteria are said to be fermentative when

both inoculated media change color into yellow. Bacteria are

oxidative when tube sealed with no paraffin changes color into

yellow and the tube sealed with paraffin does not change color[18].

The morphology test result (macroscopic and microscopic tests)

of chitinolytic bacteria have bar cell and gram-negative[9]. The

biochemical test of the chitinolytic bacteria consists of

carbohydrate, citrate, sulfide indole motility, triple sugar iron agar,

MR-VP, indole and O/F test should obtain negative results as

indicators of a genus of Pseudomonas. Several studies to

determine chitinolytic bacteria from the genus of Pseudomonas[4]

that utilized blue swimmer crab’s waste as an inducer to the

production of chitinase enzyme from Aspergillus niger. A study

by Arbia et al.[3] isolated chitinolytic bacteria to produce several

bacteria, one of which was Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria

isolated from crab’s cell. Genus Pseudomonas generally has bar

cell shape and gram-negative. A study by Wang et al.[19] isolated

Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-187 known produced two bifungtional

chitinase and lysozyme. Thompson et al.[20] found that

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 385 produced chitinase antigen.

4 Conclusions

This study concludes chitinolytic bacteria isolated from blue

swimmer crab’s cell (Portunus pelagicus) genus of Pseudomonas.

The highest chitinase activity was obtained from the supernatant

culture in the 24th hour, in which enzyme activity value was

0.149 U/mL as a good potential to degradable chitin ability.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Fish Quarantine Station

Laboratory Quality Control and Fisheries Product Security Class I

Gorontalo Province of Indonesia, and Pharmaceutical Laboratory

of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo support facility for this research.

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