Universiti Kuala Lumpur

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SAFETY AT

WORKPLACE IN THE CASE OF: LIMA BINTANG LOGISTIK SDN. BHD

MUHAMMAD HAMIZAN BIN AB.HAMID

(57275211155)

BACHELOR IN INDUSTRIAL LOGISTICS

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

DECEMBER 2013

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SAFETY AT


MUHAMMAD HAMIZAN BIN AB. HAMID

(57275211155)

Report Submitted to Fulfill the Partial Requirement for the Bachelor in Industrial Logistics.

Universiti Kuala Lumpur

DECEMBER 2013

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DECLARATION

I declare that this report entitle “The Relationship Between Human Behavior And The Safety

At Workplace In The Case Of Lima Bintang Logistik Sdn. Bhd is my original work and all

references have been cited adequately as required by the University.

Date:…………… Signature:………………………………..

Full Name:………………………………

ID No:…………………………………...

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APPROVAL

We have examined this report and verify that it meets the

program and University’ requirements for the Bachelor

in Industrial Logistics.

Date:…………… Signature:………………………………..

Full Name:………………………………

ID No:…………………………………...

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Alhamdulillahirabbil Alamin, due to His willingness, I was

able to complete the research successfully without any problem. I would like to give a very

special thanks to my project supervisor, Mrs. Maizura Binti Haji Alias and co-supervisor, Mr.

Mazlan Bin Md Zahid for their efforts and struggle by guiding me through every aspect like

assisting me in doing my research report.

I also would like to thanks to my family, especially to my father and mother, Ab.

Hamid Bin Md. Nooh, and Azizah Binti Abd. Hamid, and also to my friends for the supports. I

also would like to thanks lecturers of Unikl MITEC generally for their effort in giving

knowledge and support to enhance me in academic level.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SAFETY AT

WORKPLACE IN THE CASE OF: LIMA BINTANG LOGISTIK SDN. BHD.

ABSTRACT

Human behavior is one of the major parts that we should take care of, because it includes the

range of emotions, ethics, cultures, attitudes, and values, and each of all the human being are

differ in such behavior. It also related with several basis that lead to some particular behavior

like genetics, lifestyles, or social culture. In workplace, there are many types of people that we

are dealing with, so, it is crucial to determine whether it can be handled or not. Safety is a key

factor in ensuring that everyone is bound to the policy and procedures so that they are in the

best condition. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an

acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from

exposure to something that causes health or economic losses. It can include protection of

people or of possessions. In this research, we want to determine the relationship between

human behavior and safety at workplace; either it can impact the daily operation, life, and

efficient and effective processes at Lima Bintang Logistik Sdn. Bhd. The research

methodology that will conducted involve observation, interview and questionnaire, either they

comply with the procedures from company. From that point, we will surely find on how strong

the relationship between human behaviour with the safety at workplace.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND SAFETY AT


ABSTRAK

Perlakuan manusia adalah salah satu perkara penting yang perlu dititikberatkan, kerana ia

merangkumi emosi, etika, budaya, sikap, nilai murni, dan perlakuan, dan setiap daripadanya

berbeza mengikut manusia. Ia juga berkait rapat dengan faktor genetik, cara hidup, ataupun

budaya sosial. Di tempat kerja, berbeza jenis perlakuan manusia yang kita terpaksa hadapi,

jadi, ianya sangat penting untuk mengenalpasti sama ada ia dapat dikawal atau tidak.

Keselamatan adalan kunci utama bagi memastikan setiap orang terikat dengan polisi dan

prosedur supaya mereka dalam keadaan yang terbaik. Keselamatan bermaksud keupayaan

dalam mengawal dan mencegah sesuatu yang berisiko kepada yang membahayakan seseorang.

Dalam kajian ini, kita ingin mengenalpasti hubungan di antara perlakuan manusia dan

keselamatan di tempat kerja di dalam kes di Lima Bintang Logistik Sdn. Bhd. Kaedah yang

digunakan bagi mengumpul data ialah melalui Pemerhatian, Soal Selidik dan Temu Bual,sama

ada ianya bertepatan dengan prosedur di syarikat. Dengan itu, kita akan dapat melihat sejauh

mana kekuatan hubungan antara pelakuan manusia dan keselamatan di tempat kerja.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE

TITLE i

DECLARATION ii

APPROVAL iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v-vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix-x

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-10

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 11-15

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DUSCUSSION

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

16-22

23-74

75-81

CONCLUSION 82

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

83-84

85-89

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.0: Conceptual Framework 17

Table 2.0: Research Framework 18

Table 3.0: Research Planning Gant-Chart 19-20

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.0: Fatal Accident Cases Year 2011

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Figure 2.0: : Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries And Illness

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Figure 3.0: Flow Chart Process of Research Planning

Figure 4.1.1: Parking Flow Direction

Figure 4.1.2 & 4.1.3: Vehicles Sequence Layout

Figure 4.1.4: Lorry Queue in Workshop

Figure 4.1.5: The LBLSB Smoking Area

Figure 4.1.6: QHSE Notice Board

Figure 4.1.7: The Driver’s Grade Assessment

Figure 4.1.8: The Driver’s Grading chart

Figure 4.1.9: The Driver’s Achievement and Penalty

Figure 4.1.10: The News Paper Cut

Figure 4.1.11: The News Paper Cut

Figure 4.2.1: Gender of The Drivers

Figure 4.2.2: Races of The Drivers

Figure 4.2.3: Religion of The Drivers

Figure 4.2.4: Position of The Drivers

Figure 4.2.5: The Driver’s Working Experience

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Figure 4.2.6: Drivers Working Injuries Experiences

Figure 4.2.7: Workplace Injuries Report To Supervisor

Figure 4.2.8: The Important of Safety Procedure in Daily Operation

Figure 4.2.9: The Driver’s Concern on the Safety

Figure 4.2.10: Alerting Other Employee Committing Unsafe Practices

Figure 4.2.11: The Safety Rules/Procedure to The Drivers

Figure 4.2.12: The Protective Equipment to The Drivers

Figure 4.2.13: The Safety Training Program

Figure 4.2.14: The Frequent Review on Safe Practices

Figure 4.2.15: Rewards and Positive Feedback

Figure 4.2.16: Manager/Supervisor Ensure Safely Manner

Figure 4.2.17: Incidents Report and Management Response

Figure 4.2.18: Health and Safety Priority

Figure 4.2.19: Inspection of All Equipment

Figure 4.2.20: Committee of HSE in Organization

Figure 4.5.1: The Reliability Percentage of Value Relationship

Figure 4.5.2: The Relationship Between IV and DV

Figure 4.5.3: The Data Collected with Percentage Strength

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48

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70

71

72

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Human behavior is a collection of activities includes the way they act based on

different factors such as genetics, social culture, ethics, values and attitudes. The challenge

is to determine how and why people behave the way they do, so it is categorized as

complicated phenomenon influenced by many factors such as gender, environment, social

and political, and organism.

Jeffrey E. Criste, (2008) described human behavior has multiple causes-influenced by

cultures, moral, attitudes, values, ethics, hypnosis, coercion and authority. Human behavior

can be rational or irrational, depends on each situation they faced on, and implementing

voluntary or involuntary aspect to describe whereby the action is with or without intention.

Jeffrey mentioned that the factors that cause human behavior are humanistic approach,

which is based on the belief that each individual has great freedom in directing his/her

future, a large capacity for personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth &

enormous potential for self-fulfillment.

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The major parts in human behavior is the knowledge-based approach, as in challenging

century, knowledge and skill is very important to differ one person with another, how they

cater with situation, unexpected, and uncertainty environment.

Safety is key factor in ensuring that everyone is bound to the policy and procedures so

that they are in the best condition. Safety is the most important aspect that should be

concern due to its difficulties and complex phenomenon, and the company of safety

performance across the industries is hard and demanding to achieve. Some sort of

awareness and training must be given in order to optimize the risk of accident. In addition,

Wameedh A. Khdair, (2011) stated that safety performance is very complicated and

sensitive concern of the organization to deal with, as it’s the matter lives of people and

resources, who involved in the project towards success.

According to The Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index, slips, trips, and falls cost

employers $13.4 billion in 2001, in the meanwhile, it account for over 321,000 nonfatal,

disabling injuries in the workplace per year in North America and account for over 19% of

those workers with lost work hours. Slip-fall accidents account for over 22% of all

reported occupational injuries and involve an average of 10 days away from work.

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Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2011

Figure 1: Fatal accident cases 2011

(Francis L. Jeffries, 2011) in his studies mentioned that working in a safe environment is of

great importance to employees, industry, and government. Both government agencies and

an entire industry in the private sector are devoted to helping improve safety in the

workplace. Reducing the human and financial costs associated with unsafe operation and

eliminating accidents is now part of most.

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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BOLS), United States

Figure 2: Non-fatal occupational injuries and illness, 2005

From the statistics above, in term of non-fatal injuries, sprains and strains was the

leading nature of injury and illness in every major industry sector in 2005. They accounted

for 41 percent of all workplace injuries and illnesses requiring days away from work. The

second most common nature of injury and illness in 2005 was the category bruises and

contusions, followed by cuts and lacerations. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

over 1.4 million nonfatal occupational injuries, involving days away from work, occur in

North America each year.

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1.1.1 Company Background

This paper discusses to the relationship between human behavior and the safety

at the workplace, and Lima Bintang Logistik Sdn. Bhd (LBLSB) was chosen to be

researched on.

LBLSB is an International Project Logistics Company. It established its identity and

made its headquarters in Senai, Johor in 1991. LBLSB are providing many services for

domestic and international such as Land Transportation, Heavy Transportation and

Lifting, Custom Brokerage, International Freight, Warehouse and Distribution,

Shipping Agency, Oil and Gas Offshore Logistics, and Project Cargo Logistics.

The company also certified for ISO 9001:2008 and OHSAS 18001: 2007 for their

Health and Safety Executive, whereby the company are keep improving the safety

standard and to ensure a safe, healthy and environmentally sound working conditions.

LBLSB is being the one of the first project transportation company to fully implement

GPS tracking system on all of their fleets in order to enhance security and the ability to

track fleets which are undertaking clients' valuable.

It also have several branches in entire Malaysia such in Selangor, Pahang, Sarawak,

Terengganu and Labuan, for international branches, it has several like in Indonesia,

Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam and China.

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1.2 Problem Statement

As in many companies, the error in operation frequently happens due to unconcern

attitudes on safety and it leads to inefficient and ineffective process. Workers as an asset of

the company often exposed to unsafe condition and accident, with this, it will lead to

injuries and illness to workers.

Safety in the workplace has received an increasing amount of attention for over years.

Approaches to improving safety have focused primarily on safer work environments,

training, and policies. These efforts if being implemented can reduce injuries and

reportable incidents.

However, not all workers realize on the important of safety, it might due to lack of

knowledge, awareness. While behavioral safety shares a concern with human behavior and

safe performance in the workplace with other approaches, it is more than that. Behavioral

safety is the application of behavioral research on human performance to the problems of

safety in the workplace.

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1.3 Objective of the Study

Objective is a specific result that a person or system aims to achieve within a time

frame and with available resources. Objectives are basic tools that underlie all planning

and strategic activities. They serve as the basis for creating policy and evaluating

performance.

In this paper, the objective of this research is to examine the interrelation between

human behavior and safety, so, based on the question and problem raised above, several

objectives are designed:

i. To investigate the importance of worker’s attitudes and manner towards workplace

safety

ii. To study the relationship between worker’s awareness towards workplace safety

practices

iii. To examine the culture of workplace safety practices

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1.4 Scope of the Study

The scope of this project concentrated the drivers at LBLSB in term of their human

behavior aspects, and its interrelation with safety at workplace. It is very crucial to

LBLSB, like in other company, the workforce especially drivers are play major role and

contribution in ensuring the operation run smoothly, with optimizing the mistakes, injuries

and illness as the constrain to the company. Other than that, this report will examine the

human behavior aspects to lead with safety at workplace, their awareness, knowledge, and

their intention towards the importance of safety.

The scope of this research will limited in LBLSB area only, as well as their drivers or

workers as respondent are as follows:

a) Operation Department (The Drivers)

b) Other supporting department (Related Staff)

The study was done based on the several methods conducted on a sample of worker

(respondent) and other potential respondent from this area.

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1.5 Significance of the Study

There are 4 different perspectives in the significance of research that are; to researcher,

to company, to worker and to the public. In term of researcher, this study will provide

better understanding on how to conduct a research, on the other word; this research will

give some sort of experience to the researcher so that it makes easy to researcher to

conduct a research in future.

In term of company, this research will provide the factors influenced human behavior

in workplace, and the significant of having a positive and natural value, ethics, attitude and

conscious in operation. More or less, this research significantly measures the level of

safety policies and procedure implementing by the company and comparing it with the

standard safety that should be applied on.

In term of workers itself, this research will give a piece encouragement to the workers

on the important of having a right knowledge of self-esteem and training, moral

development and attitudes towards safety measures in safe workplace, thus, expose the

advantages of having high moral values, awareness, ethics, and attitudes to the company as

a whole.

In term of public, this research can benefit them for used as the references, reading

material and so on if they wanted to continue this research in other perspectives.

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Conclusion

In this chapter, the researcher is choosing LBLSB as a case study to investigate on the problem

based on the human behavior and the safety at workplace, the researcher will choose

Quantitative Method as the method of data collection and findings that are Observation,

Questionnaire, and Interview to collect the data and make findings, and the target respondents

of the study will be the LBLSB drivers, or other supporting staffs, thus, the researcher hope

that this Study will tend to achieve the objective that stated in subchapter 1.3 in this paper.

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literature Review

According to Louis van.T, (2007), everybody who works to reduce accidents and

improve safe performance is concerned with human behavior. “Behavior and accidents is

what it’s all about,” is a commonly heard phrase. While behavioral safety shares a concern

with human behavior and safe performance in the workplace with other approaches, it is

more than that. Behavioral safety is the application of behavioral research on human

performance to the problems of safety in the workplace. This means that any safety

program labeling itself as a behavioral safety program must meet the standards of behavior

analytic research as practices are applied to the workplace.

In order for the human to make an approach in way to concern on the safety

measurement in like an exposure to the safety and procedure that stated in policies in one

company. This is because, when dealing with human, there are many constrain and some

sort of difficulties which is hard to manage with. Later, Wameedh A. Khdair, (2011)

brought up his theory that occupational accidents are rising, as due to lack of attention

given to safety performance, safety procedures and improvement of methods to prevent

accidents and injuries. On the other hand, occupational accidents occur are either due to

lack of knowledge, training, lack of supervision, and lack of rules implementation.

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The theory also was supported by H Sanaei Nasab et al. (2009) which is stated that that

the causing agent of 90% of workplace accidents is human error and only 10% of those

belong to unsuitable workplace and equipment. Human factor includes lack of knowledge,

lack of interest, negative attitude, unsafe behavior and incompetence. Lack of interest is

among the most important factors that fail health promotion plans at workplace.

University Technology Sydney in its book titled the “Human Resources: Principles

and Procedures” mentioned that controlled behavior within the workplace can contribute

positively to creating a productive and harmonious environment in which staff can be

inspired and achieve their full potential. However, when behavior is inappropriate or

dysfunctional, it can have serious consequences on productivity, job satisfaction and on the

physical and psychological well-being of staff.

The term fatal injuries mean deaths, which is resulted from the traumatic injury or

other external causes that occurred on the workplace. While non-fatal injuries refer to

those injuries which lead to physical or emotional damages. These injuries can be

controlled by medical aid within a certain time period and these injuries do not lead to

death, (Wameedh A. Khdair, 2011).

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2.2 Human behavior aspects

2.2.1 Attitudes, Ethics, Moral, Conscious

The maturity of moral in human being is likely different with another, other past

research shows that the age factor of human’s maturity is not exactly same, meaning that,

if 2 person with same-aged but differ in knowledge and experience being compared, then

there are totally different in results. This theory discussed about the training and

knowledge level was important to describe between to different person. It has been shown

that training increasing moral maturity has positive effects on the behavior of people in

business (Francis L. Jeffries).

However, the case of accidental at workplace is increased from day to day, due to lack

of intention and concern given to safety performance, safety procedures and improvement

of methods to prevent accidents and injuries. Other than that, researcher believe that

supervision to the workers is at optimum, but unfortunately, the workers itself tend to not

follow the regulation and procedure, as stated by Wameedh A. Khdair, (2011), leads to

negligence, carelessness of workers, recklessness of workers and lack of monitoring and

controlling. All these factors have influence on safety performance or lead to the

weakening safety performance and the high rate of accidents, later convinced by H Sanaei

Nasab et al, which mentioned that human aspects is likely contribute to safety failure at

workplace due to their unsafe behavior, negative attitude and incompetence.

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2.2.2 Safety at workplace

Health and Safety Executive, (2004) discussed that accidents can occur through

people’s involvement with their work. As technical systems have become more reliable,

the focus has turned to human causes of accidents. It is estimated that up to 80% of

accidents may be attributed, at least in part, to the actions or omissions of people.

Work has an impact on people’s health as well as on their safety. A job satisfaction can

be done if the people are having positive work experience and can contribute to physical

and mental well-being. At workplaces, the problematic behavior, unsafe act, could be

reduced if the company has exposure and effective solution towards minimizing costs

significantly and improve the safety as a main focus of the company.

Training plays most contributing role in explaining management practices to improve

safety performance. In order to improve the quality of safety and health for all employees,

organizations should implement a systematic, comprehensive safety program and health

training program for new employees. To improve the awareness to these hazards and it will

help provide orientation to new employees in safety and health quality systems (Wameedh

A.Khdair, 2011).

“…it was confirmed that the man was crushed by machinery during the work, but

he insisted that the tunnel condition is in mint condition and not affected. Caused head

and shoulder injuries, this incident happen during early morning when he still

working, sudden crushed by machinery. The 24 years-old man then taken to the

hospital as the prior to save and treat the man.”

Mail Online, 29 January 2013

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An article above can be related to worker’s behavior, which is worker tends to act

unserious and not concern about their safety and life. All companies are having their own

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), include safety procedure; hence the company must have

an incentive to hold a course about the safety to the workers, either inside or outside the

company, courses that attended must be filled with any program related to safety like talk,

encountering danger, precaution and so on. Francis L. Jeffries believed that this will allow

organizations to identify those who may be more likely to be predisposed to have favorable

attitudes toward safety and safe behaviors, then impacted on the person's desire to perform

work in a safe manner resulting is safer workplace behaviors and thus, fewer incidents.

According to the book titled Health and Safety Authority (2004), in topic of “Improving

Safety Behaviour at Work”, it stated that Skilled-Based Error can occur when individuals are

carrying out routine tasks over a long period, such errors can occur when the person carrying

out the task is very familiar with it, but makes errors when interrupted and the flow is lost,

because s/he has to “think about” the task in a way they generally have not had to do.

Later on, it also mentioned about the Knowledge-Based Error, which include an individual

should not be burden by over-amount of work and job, since the individuals can only chew and

process the data at certain amount. Hence, if too much information is offered, an individual

may selectively attend to just one aspect of a task and this may lead them to make errors when

carrying out other aspects of the task.

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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1: Methodology

The approach used in this study is crucial to determine the possible outcomes thus

answering the question based on the objective stated in Chapter 1. The methods that used

which is by collecting the data through:

(i) Observation

(ii) Questionnaire

(iii) Interview

This class of people will answer several questions based on their perspective that

related on human behavior and the safety at the workplace, thus the questionnaire then

divided into 4 categories:

i. Section A: Demographic details.

ii. Section B: Worker’s attitude and manner perspective

iii. Section C: Level of worker’s awareness

iv. Section D: Workplace culture

In the meanwhile, for interview, several random question about safety will be asked to

the top management or other related workers in LBLSB. The collection of particular data

then will be analyzed as supported material while making an analysis.

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When conducting the Data Collection and Analysis, the data is obtained from the

questionnaire from the workers, and, it will be analyzed accordingly. For this study, the

data for the workers and top management perspectives is collected from the company,

either during the office hour or appointment-scheduled, then that particular data will be

designed into graphs, pie-charts, tables and figures. The questionnaire will be distributed to

the respondents at several areas:

i. The office/warehouse/maintenance yard

ii. Other suitable place within the LBLSB

Meanwhile, for the interview session, that depends on the discretion of LBLSB in

determining the ideal place to conduct interviews.

3.2 Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Table 1: Conceptual Framework

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3.3 Research Framework

Table 2: Research Framework

Problem Discovery

Define Problem Statement and Research

Objective

( Observation And Literature Review

Define Key Concept and Model

Framework

(Methodology)

Making an Observation

Designing Questionnaire and Interview

Questionnaire/Interview Development

Questionnaire Distribution/Interview

Session

Testing Methodology

Constraints

Data Gathering, Processing and Analyzing

Interpretation of Finding

Report

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3.4 Research Plan

The schedule of the project is within 2 semesters, starting from Semester 4; Jan-April 2013

and Semester 5; Sep-Feb 2014 (estimated duration: 1 year). The schedule of the program is

constructed as Gant Chart and can be referred in figure below:

a) Gant-Chart about research planning, from January-December 2013.

MONTH

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

ACTIVITIES/ WEEK

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Discussion with

supervisor

Title selection

Literature review

Methodology

Proposal Writing

Table 3: Research Planning Gant-chart (Jan-Apr 2013)

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MONTH

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

ACTIVITIES/ WEEK

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Discussion with

supervisor

Collecting the

Data.

-Observation,

-Questionnaire,

-Interview

Data Analysis

and Findings

Report Writing

(Draft/Amendment)

Report Submission

and Presentation

Table 4: Research Planning Gant-chart (Sep-Dec 2013)

Planning

Actual

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b) Flow Chart process about the research planning.

Figure 3: Flow chart process of research planning

START

PROJECT TITLE

MEETING SUPERVISOR

RESEARCH DRAFT

RESEARCH WRITING

SUBMISSION OF

RESEARCH

REPORT

RESEARCH

PRESENTATION

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CONCLUSION

There is some difficulties to deal and manage the human being, as mentioned

earlier, human behavior is vary and differ each person, good management, strategy and

tactical can change them either in staging or leveling. There are many benefits from best

safety measurement, like operation smoother, efficient and effective operation,

workplace accident can be reduced, and it will lead to narrow the loss of damage, life

and increase profit.

On the other hand, in order to make changes, it cannot be done drastically,

because the workers may use to work with the existing culture and working environment

for those years back, in order to cater their interest, these can be adapted by staging and

flow.

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Chapter 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.0: Introduction

The researcher was aiming to focuses on 3 different area of human behavior in LBLSB

that related to the safety at workplace, in this case, the researcher was put on the 3 most

key indicators that might tend to be as the factor that will influences the workplace

safety at LBLSB, which are the worker’s attitudes and manner, their awareness level,

and the workplace culture that implemented in LBLSB. The researcher were using 3

method to gather and collecting the data which are observation, questionnaire, and

interview session.

4.1: Observation

From the researcher’s visit at LBLSB, he found that LBLSB was very committed to

stress out the important of safety procedure implementation in daily operation, for them,

the safety are an important aspects that should be focused on, it can be seen everywhere

in the LBLSB about their effort and struggle to ensure the safety is followed by all

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employees. Not only that, the management played an important part in making all

employees well-informed about the significant of safety.

Figure 4.1.1: The direction of parking flow at LBLSB

For the beginning, this parking direction gave the researcher a first good impression, this

is the prove that LBLSB are likely to concerned on the safety purpose to all of their

employees.

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Figure 4.1.2: The layout of vehicles sequences

Figure 4.1.3: The layout of vehicles sequences

The flow of sequences of the vehicles/assets was in a good state, as we can see above, it

is a workshop of LBLSB, it is surface-clean, wide, and can be a proper place to work at,

so that, the vehicle that done from being maintenance, it is easy to go out without any

obstacles in front of it.

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Figure 4.1.4: The Lorry queue to be repaired in workshop

From the figure above, the yellow arrow shows the lorry that are waiting to be

repair/maintained, and the red arrow shows the lorry that are done repair and waiting to

go out, as we can see, there are very wide space of the tarmac so that the lorry are easily

to come out without having any incident like crashing, so, the researcher noticed that

LBLSB were applying safety work environment.

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Figure 4.1.5: The smoking area at LBLSB

The researcher has been informed that the figure above is the one and only smoking area

at the LBLSB, all employees, or top management just can only be here, a part from that,

this area is farther from the workplace that full with material that flammable types, so,

LBLSB were tend to prevent any possibilities of accident like fire from happen. Besides,

the management will summon the staff who are not following the rules and smoke

everywhere, as a prevention and lesson to others.

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Figure 4.1.6: QHSE Notice Board

This is the QHSE Notice Board, this board was placed in front of the workshop, so, all

the information regarding the safety, the precaution, and instruction are placed here, and

the researcher has been informed that this board will be updated from time to time by the

officer on duty, and many information about safety are attached here.

Figure 4.1.7: The Driver’s Grade Assessment

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Figure 4.1.8: The Driver’s Grading chart

Figure 4.1.9: The table of the Driver’s achievement and penalty

41

From the figure 4.1.7, 4.1.8, 4.1.9 above, LBLSB are making grading system to the

drivers as to encourage them to fully perform not only in daily work, but in overall

criteria like discipline, attitudes, and personality. The picture drivers will be graded and

then attached at the QHSE Notice Board, so that others will know and it will be their

effort to do better next. For the drivers who has low grade, it will inspire them to

improvise. For the best drivers, some incentives will be given to them as a compliment

and appreciation of the driver’s performance and productivity.

Figure 4.1.10: The example of News Paper Cut

42

Figure 4.1.11: The example of News Paper Cut

The figure above is a bulletin, or a newspaper cut from the original newspaper, the

safety department will take out the current issue in various medium like newspaper, or

articles to been carried out and thus, attached it at the board, as a notification about the

importance of safety in daily working.

43

4.2: Questionnaire

In this chapter, the researcher will discuss about the data that collected during the

distribution of questionnaire to the drivers at LBLSB, the total of sample taken from the

drivers were 25 out 40 drivers overall, as been recommended by Senior Manager of

LBLSB to make focus on the drivers. The question designed is based on the 3

independent variables that interconnected with the objectives, which are:

i) Worker’s attitude and manner perspective

ii) Level of worker’s awareness

iii) Workplace culture

4.2.1: Section A- Demographic

In demographic question, there are consists of 5 questions of respondent details and

identity, it is includes gender, race, religion, position of work, and working experience.

44

4.2.2: Section B- Attitudes and Manner of worker

In section B, the questions are based on the respondent’s personality, attitudes and

manner concern, also their safety practices in workplace.

4.2.3: Section C- Worker’s Awareness

In section C, the questions are based on the respondent’s awareness on the safety

practices in workplace, and the importance of safety practices as a whole.

4.2.4: Section D- Workplace Culture

In Section D, the questions are based on the present culture that applied in LBLSB, and

either the culture in derive to positive or negative result to the workplace safety.

45

Figure 4.2.1: Gender of The Drivers

The figure shows that the questionnaire that been distributed to the respondent is totally

answered by male respondent, due to the male drivers who was appointed to work at the

company and as well as the male driver is much suitable with the job. The total drivers

who answered this question are 25 drivers.

100%

GENDER

MALE

46

Figure 4.2.2: Race of the drivers

From the figure above, the Malay drivers stated the highest number of respondents

which are 19 drivers, Chinese and Indian drivers both stated 0 response, and Other race

stated 6 drivers which are included drivers from Sabah (Ibanese) 1 driver, and 5 driver

are from Indonesia.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

MALAY CHINESE INDIAN OTHER

RACE

RACE

47

Figure 4.2.3: Religion of the Drivers

From the data above, we can see that the majority of the driver’s religion are Islam

which are 22 drivers, Buddha and Hindu’s religion both 0, and other religion are 3

driver, which is Christian.

0

5

10

15

20

25

ISLAMBUDDHA

HINDUOTHER

RELIGION

RELIGION

48

Figure 4.2.4: Position of the drivers

The chart above shows the position of the respondents who answered the questionnaire

given, since the questionnaire were distributed to drivers as the targeted respondent , so

there were no respondent from Top and Middle Management, hence, Subordinates stated

highest number of respondents which are 25.

POSITION

0

5

10

15

20

25

POSITION

TOP MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

SUBORDINATES

49

Figure 4.2.5: Drivers working experience

From the chart above, we can see that there are much different in working experience for

all drivers. From the first data, it shows that drivers with 5 years and above in working

experience are 4 driver, besides that, there are 7 driver who had 3-5 years of experience

and the majority among the drivers had 1-3 years of working experience.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

5 YEARS ANDABOVE

3-5 YEARS 1-3 YEARS

WORKING EXPERINCE

5 YEARS AND ABOVE

3-5 YEARS

1-3 YEARS

50

Section B:

1. Did you ever experience any injuries during the working period?

Figure 4.2.6: The number of drivers experiencing working injuries

The pie-chart above shows the number of drivers that had been injured during their

working, from the data, 11 drivers stated that they had been experiencing injuries during

working, which is work field injuries like accident during driving the lorries, most of

them that ever experience injuries are drivers with 1-3 years of experience being the

drivers at LBLSB, and 14 drivers stated they were not experiencing any of injuries

during working.

Injuries during working

YES

NO

51

2. I report every workplace injuries or illness to my supervisor that I sustain,

regardless of severity.

Figure 4.2.7: The Drivers report every workplace injuries to supervisor

From the data above, 21 drivers are strongly agree in making a report about any

workplace injuries to their supervisor if there is incident happen during the working

hour, 2 drivers were agree to make a report to the supervisor if there are any workplace

injuries, 2 drivers left both disagree and strongly disagree in way to make a workplace

injuries report to their supervisor.

0

5

10

15

20

25

StronglyDisagree

Disagree Neutral Agree StronglyAgree

Workplace Injuries Report

Workplace Injuries Report

52

3. I realize that the safety procedure is important and must be applied in daily

operation.

Figure 4.2.8: The important of safety procedure and their implementation in daily

operation

The chart above shows the question about the importance of safety procedure and the

implementation in daily operation, 21 drivers stated they were strongly agree about it, 1

driver was agree about the safety procedure and the implementation in daily operation, 1

other driver was neutral on it, and 2 driver both were disagree and strongly disagree on

the question above.

0

5

10

15

20

25

StronglyDisagree


The important of safety procedure and their implementation in operation

The important of safetyprocedure and theirimplementation in operation

53

4. I care in every single aspect of safety in daily operation, and apply the safety

practices during work.

Figure 4.2.9: The driver’s concern on the safety aspect, and the application of safety

practices during work.

The chart above shows the data about the drivers concern on the question given to them,

highest number of drivers which are 17 drivers who strongly agree on safety aspect, and

the application of safety practices during work, besides that, 6 drivers were strongly

agree about it, 1driver was on each disagree and strongly disagree about the concern

about the safety aspect, and the application of safety practices during work.

0 5 10 15 20

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

The concern on safety aspect, and the application of safety practices during work

The concern on safetyaspect, and the applicationof safety practices duringwork

54

5. If I saw another employee committing an unsafe practice, I would alert him

immediately.

Figure 4.2.10: Alerting other employee who committing unsafe practices

The chart above shows the data on the adoption of alerting other colleagues when they

practicing unsafe behavior in daily operation. We can see the majority of drivers which

are 21drivers will alerting other drivers if they committing unsafe practices, other than

that, 2 drivers were agree with it, 1 driver was neutral and 1 more driver were disagree

on the statement above.

0 5 10 15 20 25

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

Alerting other employee who committing unsafe practices

Alerting other employee whocommitting unsafe practices

55

Section C

1. The safety rules/procedure of this organization has been clearly explained to me.

Figure 4.2.11: The explanation about the safety rules/procedures of the organization to

the drivers

As we can see, the chart above shows the number of data that collected about the

explanation on the safety rules/procedure from organization to the drivers. 19 drivers

were strongly agree and very clear on the explanation about the safety rules/procedure

that provided by the company. 4 drivers then were agreed and clear on the explanation.

Other than that, 1 driver was neutral on this, and another 1 driver was disagree on the

explanation and not clear about it.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

StronglyDisagree


Explanation on safety rules/procedure of the organization

Explaination onrules/procedure of theorganization

56

2. The personal protective equipment (i.e. safety glasses, gloves, safety helmet,

etc.) for my job is always equipped during working.

Figure 4.2.12: The protective equipment equipped by the drivers

The chart above shown about the safety gear or protective tools and equipment that must

be wore during working. Form the chart above, it shows 12 drivers were strongly agree

on wearing the protective gear during working, 9 drivers were agree, 3 drivers were act

neutrally, and the rest of 1 driver was strongly disagree on equipping protective gear.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Protective equipment always equipped during work

Protective equipment alwaysequipped during work

57

3. The safety training program offered by my organization meet my needs

Figure 4.2.13: Safety training program offered to the drivers provided by the company.

The data from the chart above shows about the safety training program provided by the

company meet the driver’s needs. As we can see, 14 drivers were strongly agree on the

safety training provided by the company and it totally meet their needs, 9 drivers stated

that they were agree on the safety training program, 1 driver was act neutral about this,

and 1 more driver was disagree on the safety training program that offered by the

company.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

StronglyDisagree


Safety Training Program

Safety Training Program

58

4. Safe practices are reviewed and updated from time to time in order to reduce the

workplace risk and accident.

Figure 4.2.14: The frequent review on safe practices was updated from time to time to

reduce workplace risk/accident.

The chart above shows about the review and update frequency on the safety practices in

order to reduce workplace risk and accident, as we can see, 15 drivers were strongly

agree on the safety practices that reviewed and updated from time to time, besides that,

6drivers were also agree on this, 3drivers were neutral about the statement and only 1

driver was strongly disagree about the review and update made by the company.

0 5 10 15

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

The review of safe practices

The review of safe practices

59

5. Rewards and positive feedback are a good way to increase the safety awareness

levels.

Figure 4.2.15: Rewards and positive feedback to improve the safety awareness level.

From the chart above, the drivers were asked either reward and positive feedback can

improve the safety awareness level in company, from that data, 20 drivers were strongly

agree about the rewards and positives feedback must be provided in order to improve the

safety awareness level among drivers, other than that, 3 drivers were agree on this, and

only 1 driver was choose to be neutral and strongly disagree about the rewards and

positive feedback as a gift to improve safety awareness level.

0 5 10 15 20

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

Reward and positive to improve awareness

Reward and positive to improveawareness

60

Section D:

1. My manager/supervisor always makes sure we do the work in safely manner

Figure 4.2.16: Manager/Supervisor ensure safely manner of the drivers at work.

From the chart above, the drivers were asked about their manager/supervisor, either they

makes sure the drivers do the work in safely manner, from that data, 16 drivers were

strongly agree about their manager always makes sure they do the work in safely

manner, then, 7 drivers were agree about their manager/supervisor concerned, besides,

only 2 drivers were tend to choose neutral about their manager/supervisor concern on

their safely manner on work.

0

5

10

15

20

StronglyDisagree

DisagreeNeutral

AgreeStrongly

Agree

Safely manner in work

Safely manner in work

61

2. I would report the incident and the management will immediately response to the

case.

Figure 4.2.17: Incidents report and management response

The chart above shows the data on the driver’s initiative to make a report on any

incident occur and the response of the management to that report. From the above data,

most of the drivers were strongly agree to make a report and the management were make

a quick response to the incident happen, besides, 4 drivers were agree on this, 1 driver

choose to be neutral on the questionnaire and 1 driver left was strongly disagree.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

StronglyDisagree


Incidents report and management response

Incidents report andmanagement response

62

3. Health and safety is a high priority when I am performing my job responsibilities

Figure 4.2.18: Health and Safety as a priority to job

From the chart above, it shows about the Health and Safety as a high priority to the

drivers when performing the job. As we can see, most of the drivers with the majority of

21 drivers were strongly agree about the HSE as a priority to the job, other than that, 3

drivers were agree about the statement above, non-of the drivers were act neutral and

disagree, but, 1 driver left was strongly disagree about the HSE as a high priority when

performing the job.

0 5 10 15 20 25

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

Health and Safety as a priority to job

Health and Safety are priority tojob

63

4. All equipment/machines/tools are fully inspected, checked, and updated as

necessary

Figure 4.2.19: Inspection of all equipment/machines/tools regularly

The data above shows about the inspection of all equipment, machines, or tools either it

was fully checked and updated regularly or not, from the chart, 16 of the drivers stated

that they were strongly agree about the inspection of all equipment were fully checked

and updated, besides that, 6 drivers were agree on this, 2 drivers were choose to be

neutral and 1 driver was strongly disagree on the inspection of all equipment that been

used in daily operation.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

StronglyDisagree


Inspection of all Equipment/Machines/Tools

Inspection of allEquipment/Machines/Tools

64

5. Health and Safety Committee in my organization is an active and result oriented

group

Figure 4.2.20: Committee of HSE in organization

The figure above shows about the status of HSE committee in organization whether it

was fully functioned as an active committee or not. We can see that 21 drivers were

strongly agree about the active status of the committee, 3 drivers were agree on this, and

the rest of 1 driver was strongly disagree about the status of the committee in the

organization.

0 5 10 15 20 25

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neutral

Agree

Strongly Agree

Committee of HSE in organization as an active committee

Committee of HSE inorganization as an activecommittee

65

4.3: Interview

This interview is held at LBLSB’s guest room. The researcher took part as an

interviewer, and the person who been interviewed is Encik Syakirin Bin Sumardi as the

Quality, Health and Safety Environment (QHSE) Officer, the duration of this interview

is 15 minutes, the interview details will be described below.

Interviewer : Aaa, terima kasih kepada Encik Syakirin kerana sudi ditemubual pada hari

ini, jadi, bolehkah Encik Syakirin ceritakan serba sedikit tentang jawatan

dan juga sudah berapa lama berkhidmat di Lima Bintang Logistik?

Encik Syakirin : Okey, untuk Lima Bintang, saya di Department QHSE, ada 3 orang

team member, iaitu saya sebagai QHSE officer, seorang lagi sebagai

QHSE Executive, dan seorang lagi sebagai Safety Advisor, dan dia juga

bertindak sebagai kita punya Director dan leader dalam department

QHSE ini. So, untuk saya,sudah hampir 2 tahun saya berkhidmat dalam

Lima Bintang untuk QHSE Department lah.

Interviewer : Okey, soalan saya yang kedua, boleh ceritakan serba sedikit tentang polisi

keselamatan yang dilaksanakan di Lima Bintang Logistik?

66

Encik Syakirin : Okey, actually untuk kita punya polisi keselamatan, ia consist of 3

elemen utama lah, iaitu HUMAN, iaitu kita punya pekerja, yang kedua

iaitu kita punya PROPERTIES, tidak kiralah sama ada kita punya lori,

ataupun kita punya equipment yang lain seperti grinder ataupun

termasuklah kita punya machinery ataupun office equipment yang lain,

dan yang ketiga sekali ialah kita punya CLIENT CARGO, sebab

company kami merupakan company Logistic Provider, jadi kebanyakan

barang-barang yang diangkut company kami adalah daripada barang-

barang client kami daripada industri Oil and Gas lah.

Interviewer : Okey, aaa, soalan saya yang seterusnya, bagaimanakan pendedahan

syarikat mengenai polisi keselamatan terhadap pekerja-pekerja di sini?

Encik Syakirin : Untuk polisi, kita ada tampal pada setiap kita punya department,setiap

department kita ada tampal satu polisi,selain daripada itu, kitajuga bagi

briefing pada new staff, iaitu orang baru yang masuk dalam bekerja untuk

Lima Bintang. Dia akan diberi taklimat berkenaan dengan keselamatan

lah iaitu HSE Induction, dan kita akan bagi tambahan berkenaan dengan

Safety Awareness. Selain daripada itu, aaa, dalam sebelum dia punya

confirmation, diorang akan menduduki test, iaitu Awareness Test, untuk

menguji diorang punya kefahaman tentang keselamatan yang kita

amalkan di Lima Bintang lah, untuk memastikan sama ada diorang faham

dan patuhi undang-undang yang kita ada.

67

Interviewer : Okey, jadi sekiranya, contohnya kalau pekerja itu tidak memenuhi kriteria

keselamatan pada dalam menjawab test itu, jadi, macam mana? Ada soalan

ulangan ataupun…..?

Encik Syakirin : Ya, diorang akan menduduki latihan balik semula,

Interviewer : Ooh, jadi, sampai diorang lulus lah?

Encik Syakirin : Ya, Selain daripada itu, semasa diorang dalam tempoh probation,

diorang akan buat satu task iaitu macam daily task,apa yang diorang

belajar berkenaan dengan prosedur berkenaan dengan kita punya IMS

system iaitu Integrated Management System (IMS) lah, sebab dekat sini

kita menggunakan system OHSAS dan ISO jadi mereka terpaksa follow

kita punya prosedur, so automatically,diorang terpaksa follow kita punya

rules and regulation dekat sini.

Interviewer : Okey, soalan saya yang seterusnya, aaa, pendapat Encik Syakirin tentang

ciri-ciri yang perlu ada pada seorang pekerja bagi memastikan keselamatan

mereka di tempat kerja di tempat mereka berkerja.

Encik Syakirin : Okey, bagi saya sebagai seorang pengamal keselamatan yang baru lagi,

taklah baru, dan tak lama, baru tak baru, dah 2 tahun lah, saya rasa

sebagai seorang safety officer, sebab saya ada related dengan pekerja,

pelbagai orang yang saya terlibat, dengan driver yang mempunyai latar

belakang yang berlainan, jadi jadi apa yang saya pentingkan ialah diorang

punya Awareness, dan Continual Education terhadap pekerja inilah,

68

bukan setakat denda yang dikenakan pemandu tersebut ataupun

pekerja,iaitu sekiranya hanya denda yang dikenakan terhadap pekerja

ataupun pemandu, ia hanya akan menyebabkan diorang punya level of

kemahuan untuk bekerja itu rendah dan hanya bekerja mengikut

keperluan safety sekiranya terdapat safety personal di kawasan itu,

maknanya diorang takda awareness lah, jadi continuous educated itu cara

yang penting. Selain daripada itu juga kita boleh amalkan Safety Culture

lah yang perlu ada pada diorang supaya lama kelamaan diorang akan

terbiasa dengan culture tersebut.

Interviewer : Okey, boleh bagi contoh culture yang diadaptasikan di syarikat?

Encik Syakirin : Okey, untuk aa Lima BIntang setakat ini kita ada buat satu kempen iaitu

“Check Before Do”, actually benda ni dalam safety, ia term dalam

Hierarc, iaitu Hazard Identification, Risk Indentify and Risk Control, tapi

kita simplified kan dalam kategori untuk driver yang mungkin tak berapa

faham sangat mengenai dengan education, jadi kita permudahkan diorang

dengan term “Check Before Do”, iaitu ada 5 elemen dalam Check Before

Do,iaitu yang pertama, diorang kena stop dari kerja, yang kedua diorang

kena check surrounding area, sebab selalunya ini terjadi kepada driver

lah, dengan cek sekeliling sama ada ada tak obstacles atau halangan masa

diorang nak memandu, kemudian, kita buat risk assessment dekat

surrounding area tu sama ada terdapat bahaya ataupun risiko sebarang

kemalangan tersebut, and then bila diorang dapat tahu apa risiko itu

diorang try to eliminate, tapi eliminate dengan cara yang betul lah,

69

dengan cara yang proper,kita ada bagi training dengan driver kita macam

mana nak eliminate risk tersebut sama ada dengan communicate dengan

orang lain, ataupun Stop Work, ataupun try to evade kemalangan itu

dengan memberitahu pihak atasan sebelum melakukan apa-apa kerja,

Interviewer : Okey,berbalik kepada soalan tadi, sekiranya berlaku kemalangan di tempat

kerja, apakah langkah-langkah atau tindakan yang diambil oleh pihak

syarikat?

Encik Syakirin : Okey, untuk kemalangan, sekiranya berlaku kemalangan di luar ataupun

di pejabat, first sekali kita akan lakukan Immediate Control iaitu kita

pergi ke kawasan kejadian, kita tengok sama ada kejadian teruk atau tak,

sekiranya ia melibatkan kemalangan jalan raya yang tidak teruk, kita

suruh driver buat report polis and then kita kembali ke office untuk buat

siasatan lah, dan pekerja itu dikenakan Stop Work, sebab dekat sini kita

amalkan Stop Work, sebab ada company yang tidak amalkan Stop Work

tetapi company kami, kami lebih tegas untuk mengamalkan Stop Work,

walaupun tidak kiralah driver ke, pekerja ke, atau pun Director ke, kita

kenakan Stop Work pada pekerja tersebut untuk disiasat, sebab selepas

kejadian, kita bagi tempoh 2 hari siasatan selepas kita dapat Root Cause

ataupun punca kemalangan, dan kemudian kita akan determine apa

corrective action berdasarkan 5 kategori lah, ada dia punya proses lah,

kemudian, sekiranya melibatkan kos, kita akan bawa kepada director lah,

atau pihak management untuk tentukan langkah seterusnya.

70

Interviewer : Itu kalau tak berapa teruk, kalau melibatkan kemalangan kenderaan yang

agak teruk ataupun sangat teruk?

Encik Syakirin : Okey, untuk kemalangan yang sangat teruk ni kita pernah hadapi, iaitu

Chemical Spillage, iaitu apa yang berlaku waktu kejadian itu, aaa, kita

punya pemandu sedar bahawa dalam trak yang dia bawa itu adalah DG

cargo, kalau awak tahu iaitu Dangerous Goods, dan DG itu bocor atau

leaking, dan dia punya bahaya ialah hazardous to held dan corrosive, dan

apa yang berlaku ialah driver kita Stop Work, itu yang dia buat, dia Stop

Work dan dia bagitahu pada operation apa masalah dia dekat kawasan

tersebut lah, dan immediately safety department treat pihak Bomba iaitu

HAZMAT Team untuk ke kawasan tersebut untuk melakukan langkah-

langkah pembaikan lah, dan selepas HAZMAT Team dah hapuskan

kerosakan ataupun dah kawal tempat kejadian, kita buat laporan lah.

Interviewer : Buat laporan pada company ataupun pada polis?

Encik Syakirin : Buat laporan pada company lah.

Interviewer : Okey, terima kasih Encik Syakirin, soalan seterusnya, serba sedikit statistic

kemalangan yang pernah berlaku sepanjang Lima Bintang Logistik

ditubuhkan setakat ini?

Encik Syakirin : Statistik kemalangan?

Interviewer : Maksud saya, statistik kemalangan secara kasar, sama ada yang teruk,

tidak teruk, tahun berapa?

71

Encik Syakirin : Okey, apa yang saya boleh bagitahu ialah, untuk statistik kemalangan,

kita kategorikan kebanyakan kemalangan itu adalah berdasarkan lebih

kepada drivers kita, iaitu kemalangan di jalan raya lah, dan ada beberapa

punca utama yang menyebabkan kemalangan iaitu antaranya ialah Third

Party Fault, iaitu kesilapan dan kecuaian daripada pengguna jalan raya

yang lain, yang kedua ialah kita punya driver’s fault sendiri, iaitu

contohnya lack of awareness, skills diorang, and then lack of procedures

ataupun lack of communication dan sebagainya lah, dan last sekali baru

kita tengok pada Fault of Machineries.

Interviewer : Okey, terima kasih, soalan saya yang seterusnya, adakah syarikat Lima

Bintang Logistik menyediakan keperluan keselamatan yang secukupnya

kepada pekerja sebagai contoh, mungkin aaa topi keledar ataupun

sebagainya?

Encik Syakirin : A’ah, ya, untuk company kami, kami memang supply kan equipment

safety dengan cukup lah, kepada,kepada kita punya pemandu, selain

daripada kita supply safety gloves, safety helmet, safety shoes, kita juga

provide equipment lain seperti macam T-Jack, untuk equipment untuk

angkat cargo lah.

Interviewer : Okey, setakat pada pandangan Encik Syakirin mengenai tahap kesedaran,

apa pandangan Encik Syakirin mengenai tahap kesedaran para pekerja

mengenai keselamatan?

Encik Syakirin : Di Lima Bintang atau overall Malaysia?

72

Interviewer : Di Lima Bintang.

Encik Syakirin : Okey, untuk di Lima Bintang, saya rasa, untuk tahap kesedaran

keselamatan di Lima Bintang, saya rasa dalam, aaa,kalau dikatakan

dalam percent, saya boleh katakan sebanyak dalam 60% dah achieve lah,

sebab still 40% tu ada yang aaa bermasalah lah, iaitu ada yang degil,

ataupun yang baru lagi ataupun yang lack of knowledge bagi pekerja

yang baru, lack of training, lack of communication, so that’s sometime

kita kena improve lah from time to time lah untuk kita improve kita

punya safety culture.

Interviewer : Okey,aaa, soalan seterusnya, dari sudut uncertainty situation, ataupun dari

segi halangan yang tidak dapat dijangka, adakah ianya serba sedikit menjadi

punca berlakunya kemalangan?Kita sudah bagi training dan knowledge pada

mereka tetapi kemalangan masih terjadi, apa pendapat Encik Syakirin?

Encik Syakirin : Oh ya, memang, untuk setiap kali kita investigate kemalangan, kita akan

senaraikan dulu apa Contribution Cost dan sekali barulah kita akan define

ataupun aaa determine dia punya Root Cause yang menyebabkan

kemalangan tersebut lah, tetapi actually untuk kemalangan itu mesti ada

kos sampingan ataupun penyebab sampingan yang menyebabkan

berlakunya kemalangan itu lah. Selalunya kalau kita tengok kalau

kemalangan mungkin kalau melibatkan trucks, dan mungkin melibatlan

kita punya driver’s Fatigue Management System yang tidak dijaga

dengan betul, ada yang trucks maintenance yang tidak dijaga , ada yang

73

kenderaan itu sendiri yang bermasalah, kadang-kadang permukaan jalan

raya, ada juga factor semulajadi, sebab pemandu kita di Lima Bintang ini

kebanyakannya membawa lori, jadi permukaan jalan raya kita ini seperti

sedia maklum lah, tak da yang 100% perfect macam dekat U.K dan

sebagainya.

Interviewer : Okey Encik Syakirin, sebagai seorang pegawai keselamatan, ataupun

Safety Officer, apakah harapan Encik Syakirin dalam pengurusan

keselamatan yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan para pekerja dan

keselamatan di tempat kerja?

Encik Syakirin : Okey, pada pendapat saya lah, aaa, saya lebih suka tekankan Culture of

Safety Awareness Among Workers okey, bukan setakat di Lima Bintang

lah, tetapi lebih menyeluruh kepada rakyat Malaysia, semua sekali lah,

sebab kebanyakannya kita tahu benda itu ada risiko, tetapi macam mana

kita nak kurangkan risiko tersebut, sebab kita selalunya skip prosedur

untuk mempercepatkan proses kerja tetapi sekiranya berlaku

kemalangan,time tu akan ada alasan seperti macam yang orang cakap, “

…benda dah nak berlaku, dah suratan takdir…”, benda-benda macam itu

boleh dielakkan, hanya 1 % sahaja untuk yang itu, sebenarnya 90%

daripada kemalangan tersebut berpunca daripada keadaan atau perbuatan

yang tidak selamat lah, itu yang penting lah, jadi di sini saya nak

tekankan supaya para pekerja perlu diberi latihan yang mencukupi, selain

daripada itu, latihan yang berterusan, dan communication, selain daripada

Buletin, banyak lah, kalau awak boleh tengok dekat company kami, kita

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akan bawa awak berjalan di sekitar syarikat, saya akan tunjuk bagaimana

kita communicate dengan kita punya drivers, bukan sahaja melalui mulut

dan training, kita juga bagi melalui Silent Signage supaya diorang awre

berkenaan keselamatan ini.

Interviewer : Okey, saya rasa itu sahaja soalan saya setakat ini, oleh itu saya ucapan

terima kasih kepada Encik Syakirin kerana sudi ditemubual. Saya ucapkan

terima kasih banyak-banyak.

Encik Syakirin : Ya, sama-sama.

From the interview with Encik Syakirin as the QHSE Officer, the researcher found that

LBLSB are very strict in safety measure, as mentioned by Encik Syakirin, LBLSB are

focusing on 3 main aspect of safety which are Human, Properties, and Client Cargo, this

is because, as the researcher mentioned in Chapter 1, human capital is very important

and it act as the backbone that contribute much to the company operation, hence,

LBLSB are tend to give a special concern to human as the main prospect of safety to be

aimed on.

Plus, LBLSB are committed in ensuring that the safety procedure is fully implemented

in the company, it can be seen through the attachment of policy statement in every

department for worker’s information as well as giving training, courses and knowledge-

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based to every new staff. Besides, LBLSB are keen to implement Zero-Injuries at the

company, so, they were design an incentive program that is Check-Before-Do campaign,

this campaign is held to ensure the drivers to follow the steps and instructions of safety

practices before drive, there are 5 elements in Check-Before-Do campaign, which are

stop work, check surrounding area, risk assessment, proper risk elimination, and risk

evade.

Furthermore, the researcher also found that LBLSB are concern and care with the

drivers, and also very efficient in taking corrective action when incident happen, it was

proven by the QHSE Officer by taking immediate control to the incident that happen,

and the driver are ordered to stop from his work as the precaution.

The QHSE Officer has stated that from the statistics of driver’s incident at LBLSB,

Third-Party Fault also can be the factor, for example the carelessness of other road users,

other than that, the factor of the drivers itself can contribute to incident, for example, as

mentioned by him, lack of awareness, skills, procedure and communication are the

major factors that lead to incidents. In addition, he mentioned that the factor of nature

and uncertainty could contribute to the cause of incident, like nature weather, faulty of

machinery, and the condition of road may lead to incident to occur.

76

Not only that, the researcher has been informed that LBLSB are very particular in

providing safety equipment, as the company with ISO-OHSAS standard, it drive LBLSB

to ensure the quality of safety equipment, by providing the safety gloves, safety helmet,

safety shoes, and T-Jack tools for the lorries. In addition, he mentioned that the scale of

safety measurement achievement in LBLSB, regarding him, he gives 60% of

achievement on safety practices that implemented in the company, and the other 40% is

caused by the drivers bad attitude, like stubborn, disliking safety culture, lack of

knowledge and communication, and could be the new staff who is in way of learning,

but, according to him, continuous learning and education can lead to much

improvement.

For the closing, he was stressing on the improvement of Culture of Safety of Awareness

among workers, for him, the incident are more likely caused by human behavior itself,

for example lack of knowledge, skills, training and education, so, continuous education,

improvement driver’s awareness and attitude, and company culture should improvise to

ensure the achievement of 100%.

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4.4: Analysis of Findings and Discussions

In this chapter, the researcher will explain the findings based on 3 method that have been

chosen, all those data collected then will be discussed with the theory or literature, and

the researcher then will make a comparison among the findings and experimental result,

thus, each of the findings can support the objectives of the study.

4.4.1: Observation

From the researcher’s observation, clearly that LBLSB are very stable on

implementation of safety culture at the company, this can be seen around the company,

or workshop, and the company surrounding are tightly had a wide-range space, meaning

that working space is spacious and comfortable and make the risk rate of accidents at

work decreased, because the area of leisure, if there is any circumstance had happen like

fire, explosion or anything, the workers, drivers or other staffs can be moved freely and

smooth.

In addition, the researcher was ordered to gather in the parking lot near the guard post if

there is something about risk or danger come up, so, as the result, the researcher nor

78

other guest that pay a visit to LBLSB will fully prepared if something came up. Besides,

QHSE Notice Board at LBLSB were represent as safety officer that told them about the

current information.

The researcher are interested about the Driver’s Grading System, in this point, the driver

who wants to achieve the good grade must fulfill several criteria and requirement, like

the attitude and manner, discipline, punctuality and so on, the researcher found that there

is still drivers who are disappointing and ranked the worst graded, but, for overall, the

drivers based on the grade level assessment is satisfactory stage and can be improved

further in the future.

Moreover, the newspaper cut that been published from time to time are more or less,

make the drivers aware about the situation, the researcher perceive that more and more

drivers are starting to practice safety at work. The drivers are wearing the safety gear

like safety shoes, gloves, helmet, and polarized glasses.

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4.4.2: Questionnaire

For the opening, the researcher has been design the questionnaire based on the

objectives stated in Chapter 1, on the other hand, the questionnaire designed were met

all those criteria required in order to fulfill the objectives. The researcher will explain the

analysis and finding separately according to 3 different area which is driver’s attitudes

and manner, driver’s awareness towards the safety practices, and workplace culture.

4.4.2.1: Driver’s Attitudes and Manner

In this section, the researcher found that most of LBLBSB drivers are realize on the

importance of safety procedures and it must be applied in daily operation, this was

demonstrated and proved when 84% of drivers admit safety procedure is required and is

closely related to the safety at workplace, LBLSB continuous moral values instilled in

drivers prove that 84% of them are very concerned in all aspects of safety at work, such

as reporting all accidents in the workplace and make comments if there is misconduct,

unsafe practices among the drivers. Other than that, the researcher also found that 56%

of the drivers did not experience ever in any injuries during working, due to the safety

practices they apply in daily operation, and 68% of them said that they are care in every

single aspect of safety procedure.

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4.4.2.2: Driver’s Awareness towards safety practices

In this section, the researcher found that 48% of the drivers were strongly agree about

equipping the personal protective safety equipment during working, in addition 76% of

LBLSB drivers were strongly clear about the safety rules and procedure that been

explained in LBLSB, meanwhile, 80% of the drivers were strongly agree about reward

incentives and positive feedback provided by LBLSB as the way to increase the safety

awareness level. Moreover, the researcher found that 56% of them said that safety

training program held in LBLSB meet their need and 60% of them were saying that safe

practices in LBLSB are reviewed and updated from time to time.

4.4.2.3: Workplace Culture

In this section, the researcher found that 84% of the drivers are strongly agree about the

HSE Committee in LBLSB is very active committee and result oriented group,

furthermore, safety culture implementation in LBLSB make 84% of the drivers

perceived that Health and Safety is a high priority when they performing their job

responsibilities, 64% of the drivers were strongly agree about the well-inspected and

checked of all equipment, machinery, and tools. Plus, 64% of the drivers also strongly

agree that their manager or supervisor ensure them to do the work in safely manner. Not

only that, 76% of the drivers strongly agree that the management are fast-response in

dealing with incident occurred and make immediate action to the case.

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4.5: Discussion and Analysis

In this chapter, the researcher will determine the strength of relationship between

Independent Variable that are Attitudes, Awareness and Workplace Culture with the

Value of Percentage and the Strength of Relationship.

VALUE OF PERCENTAGE (%)

STRENGTH OF THE

RELATIONSHIP

80-100

EXCELLENT

60-80

GOOD

40-60

SATISFACTORY

20-40

BAD

0-20

WORST

Figure 4.5.1: The reliability percentage of value determining the strength of the

relationship.

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Figure 4.5.2: The relationship between IV and DV

Based on the figure above, the researcher will determine the percentage of strength for

each IV to be related with DV, thus, the researcher will able to see which of the IV that

has the most contribution to the DV, hence, based on the objectives in Chapter 1, the

researcher will determine on which IV that have the highest relationship strength

towards the DV and lastly, the researcher will discuss the analyzed data collected to

support the objectives stated.

INDEPENDENT

VARIABLE (IV)

ATTITUDES

AWARENESS

WORKPLACE

CULTURE

DEPENDENT

VARIABLE (DV)

SAFETY AT

WORKPLACE

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CRITERIA DATA COLLECTED

(%)

STRENGTH OF

PERCENTAGE VALUE

ATTITUDE

∑ data % ∕ ∑ n % x 100=

(56+84+84+68+84)/500x100

376/500x100=

75.2%

AWARENESS

∑ data % ∕ ∑ n % x 100=

(76+48+56+60+80)/500x100

320/500x100=

64%

WORKPLACE

CULTURE

∑ data % ∕ ∑ n % x 100=

(64+76+84+64+84)/500x100

372/500x100=

74.4%

Figure 4.5.3: The interrelation of total data collected with the strength of percentage

value (%)

From the figure above, it clearly stated the strength of relationship for each criteria with

the percentage value. The researcher found that the strength of percentage for the

driver’s attitude and manner is 75.2%-Good (refer to figure 4.5.1), from this view, the

researcher can say that the LBLSB drivers are really good at attitude and manner toward

the safety at workplace, from the data collected through observation, questionnaire, and

interview, the researcher say that the drivers at LBLSB can be categorized as a good

drivers, in term of personality as well as their behavior.

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For the awareness criteria, the researcher found that the strength of percentage is 64%-

Good (refer to figure 4.5.1), the researcher can say that the level of driver’s awareness

towards the safety at workplace is moderate, as discussed earlier, the awareness of the

drivers is important to make sure that the level of unsafe practices is reduced, the

researcher has been told by the QHSE Officer during the interview that the driver’s level

of awareness is quite lack, thus it must be improve from time to time with continuous

effort from the management in order to fill them with knowledge-based and information

on the safety.

In term of the workplace culture, as in figure above, it was clearly stated that the

strength of percentage is 74.4%-Good (refer to figure 4.5.1), the researcher found that

LBLSB were applying safety working culture, in fact, the culture of safety at workplace

is highly emphasized by the LBLSB Safety Department, in addition, they were adopting

the campaign of ‘Check-Before-Do” to the drivers, and, the very best of all, it was well-

received by the drivers. Plus, the department also implementing fines the summonses to

all staffs, not only subordinates but LBLSB’s employees as a whole.

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Conclusion

In term of the researcher’s perspectives, the drivers are actually good at their attitude,

awareness and their compliance to the safety culture. It can be seen through the

researcher’s data and findings as has been stated in Chapter 4. The researcher also agree

that the level of driver’s personnel in whole criteria are ranked optimally, and they are

relevant in determining the safety in the workplace is important and must be adhered to,

this can be proved through the interview conducted with the QHSE Officer that stated

that the driver’s need in safety measurement like course and training are fulfilled and

been followed.

As been discussed earlier, Independent Variable (IV) that are Attitude (75.2%)

contributed to highest strength of percentage value, and Workplace Culture (74.4%) as a

higher percentage, then were followed by IV for Awareness (64%). It shows very

positive findings among of those data that has been explained, and for the researcher’s

perspective as the overall, LBLSB are very strict in ensuring the safety procedures, rules

and work ethics are complied.

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0: Introduction

In this chapter, the researcher will discuss and conclude all the data gathered from the

previous chapter, knowing that the data collected were through 3 different methods

which are making an observation, distributing the questionnaire, and make an interview.

In this chapter also, the researcher will determine whether the objectives of the research

is met or not based on the findings on Chapter 4. Hence, the researcher will come out

with several recommendations to LBLSB as an adjustment or improvement for their

existing ways.

5.1: Overview of the Study

This study has been conducted to identify the relationship between human behavior and

the safety at workplace in the case of LBLSB’s drivers, moreover, the researcher already

described the 3 main factor of human behavior that been focused on, that are driver’s

attitude and manner, driver’s awareness and workplace culture, meaning that, the

researcher wants to seek for answer either those 3 factors has the strong relationship

towards the safety at workplace. Thus, the data has been collected through 3 different

methods which are by using observation, questionnaire, and interview, then, all those

87

data will gathered together and then analyzed, after that, the data will be come out to be

as a findings.

5.2: Restatement of the Objectives

As been mentioned in Chapter 1 under subchapter 1.3, objective is a specific statement

that a person or system aims to achieve within a time frame and with available

resources. Objectives are basic tools that underlie all planning and strategic activities.

They serve as the basis for creating policy and evaluating performance.

In this paper, the objective of this research is to examine the interrelation between

human behavior and safety, the objectives of the Study are:

i. To investigate the importance of worker’s attitudes and manner towards

workplace safety

ii. To study the relationship between worker’s awareness towards workplace

safety practices

iii. To examine the culture of workplace safety practices

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From the objectives above, the researcher found that all the objectives stated are clearly

achieved and have been met, as been mentioned in Chapter 4, all those findings were

lead to strong result that related with relationship of human behavior and the safety at

workplace.

5.3: Limitations of the Study

From the researcher’s view, the limitation of this study is hugely come from the size of

the sample, since the total of driver’s at LBLSB is 40 drivers, but the researcher were

able to get 25 drivers only among them. Furthermore, the unavailable drivers regarding

too busy in working also can be determined as limitation for the researcher because they

have no time to be delayed to.

Apart from that, when the researcher conduct studies at LBLSB, the company were

being audited by the external audit firm, so, lot of staff who do not have the time

because of busy on duty and due to an outstation, then, it makes the researcher quite

difficult to conduct the research.

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Besides that, the transportation problems also are the contributor of these limitations

because of the difficulty of the researcher to commute from the campus in Pasir Gudang

to LBLSB that located in Senai, Johor.

5.4: Recommendation based on the Findings

In this section, the researcher would recommend and suggest several ideas for LBLSB in

order to make an improvement to the company, and thus, it might be used by them in

order to improve the existing ways of their method in delivering the measurement of

safety practice.

5.4.1: The Driver’s Emotion Perspectives

Time at work: Human performance tends to deteriorate significantly when people have

been at work for more than 12 hours. Other research shows that working below 12 hours

less risk of emotion-down, and the extent to which less awareness would occurs depend

on aspects such as the adequacy of rest breaks, the nature of the work, and the working

environment. So, the quality of driver’s rest time and work should be controlled in order

to keep their emotion clean and positives.

90

Quality of Rest: The daily rest between shifts needs to be adequate to enable shift

workers to return to work fully rested. An adult typically needs about seven to eight

hours of sleep each night. Rest days are valuable in allowing people to ‘recharge their

batteries’ and to maintain their work performance and maintain their emotion. The

planning of rest days needs to take account of their frequency and the length of

‘recovery’ time available after the bunch of work. This is because shortened or

interrupted rest over a period of time can result in emotion management, thus, it might

lead to less focus on their safety intention.

5.4.2: The Management Perspectives

There are a number of ways in which LBLSB can successfully influence safety behavior

at workplace.

i) Using a combination of training and feedback- Using training methods alone

is insufficient. The researcher recommends that feedback should continue for

some time after new work practices have been introduced in order to ensure

that new safety standards have been fully integrated into everyday work

routines.

ii) Focusing particularly on those doing routine work- Repetition encourages

less attention over time, so, the management should explaining to the drivers

91

why an act is unsafe, even if it is not followed by an accident, but then, the

management could provide regular demonstrations of safe versus unsafe

behavior.

iii) A balance of health and safety and production goals- People may believe that

high standards of health and safety inevitably mean slower work rates. In

contrast. Excessive pressure may give rise to physical or mental health

effects in some drivers, and to a higher rate of ‘violations’ of health and

safety rules. In a positive culture health and safety is regarded as important, is

promoted, and is not compromised.

5.4.3: Continued Improvement in the Health and Safety Culture

i) Top Management Commitment: It is crucial to a positive health and safety

culture. This commitment produces higher levels of motivation and concern

for health and safety throughout the organization. It is best indicated by the

proportion of resources (time, money, and people) and support allocated to

health and safety management and by the status given to health and safety.

The active involvement of upper management in the health and safety

procedure is very important.

ii) Management Style: A ‘humanistic’ influence approach to management

involving more regard by managers for individual’s personal and work

problems is likely to be effective. This assumes direct and rapid action to

92

identify and resolve individual problems in an appropriately caring and

concerned manner.

iii) Good Communications Between All Levels Of Employee: An ‘open door’

policy may be helpful with direct access to the management hierarchy where

appropriate. In a positive culture questions about health and safety should be

part of everyday work conversations. This flows of “top-middle-sub” borders

level should be eliminated so that the encouragement of personal

responsibility and participation by everyone in health and safety measures.

iv) Reward-Based Opportunities: For change to occur, it must be rewarded – this

doesn’t mean monetary reward, but may be the reward of praise, positive

feedback and/or recognition. Punishment for breaking the norms and

behaving in unsafe ways is also a part of the process, although the initial

stages of implementing change programs concentrate on the former.

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Conclusion

Accidents can occur through people’s involvement with their work. As technical

systems have become more reliable, the focus has turned to human causes of accidents.

It is estimated that up to 80% of accidents may be attributed, at least in part, to the

actions or omissions of people. This is not surprising since people are involved

throughout the life cycle of an organization, from design through to operation,

maintenance, management and demolition. Many accidents are blamed on the actions or

omissions of an individual who was directly involved in operational or maintenance

work. This typical but short-sighted response ignores the fundamental failures which led

to the accident. These are usually rooted deeper in the organization’s design,

management and decision-making functions.

Work has an impact on people’s health as well as on their safety. A positive work

experience leads to job satisfaction and contributes to physical and mental well-being.

Well-designed tasks and working environments that suit people’s individual skills and

capabilities can help here. Physical health problems can result from lost-time injuries

such as slips and falls, and from manual handling problems. Mental well-being can be

affected if someone witnesses a traumatic event, suffers bullying or violence at work, or

experiences stress at work.

94

REFERENCES

BOOK

1) Health and Safety Authority (2004), “Improving Safety Behavior at Work”.

2) Human Resources Principles and Procedure (2008), "Workplace Behavior

Statement", University Technology Sydney.

3) Health and Executive (2009), “Reducing Error and Influencing Behavior”.

4) Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (2009), “Health and Safety

Guide for Human Resources Professionals”.

5) Worksafe Victoria “Managing Safety in Your Workplace”

Journal

1) Francis L. J. (2011) , “Predicting Safety Related Attitudes in the Workplace”:

The Influence of Moral Maturity and Emotional Intelligence,(University of

Alaska)

2) Wameedh A. K. (2011), “Improving Safety Performance By Understanding

Relationship Between Management Practices And Leadership Behavior In The

Oil And Gas Industry In Iraq”, Universiti Utara Malaysia

3) Louis V. T. (2007), “The Principles of Human Behavior”, Behavioral Safety

Measurement, Vol. 2, pp. 77

4) Jessica N. G and Hannah P. (2004), "Attitudes Towards Health And Safety", A

Quantitative Survey Of Stakeholder Opinion, MORI Social Research Institute

95

5) Nasab H. S. et al. (2009), "Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of

Workers towards Occupational Health and Safety", Iranian J Publ Health, Vol.

38, No.2, 2009, pp.125-129

6) Health and Safety Executive, 2009, "Reducing Error And Influencing Behavior"

7) Weinstein M. B. (1998) “Improving behavior-based safety through TQM.

Professional Safety”, pp. 10-17

8) Tidwell A. (2000), “Ethics, Safety And Managers. Business & Professional

Ethics Journal”, p.p 19-20

9) Anna E. (2013), "Construction Worker Suffers Head Injuries After 'Serious

Accident' At National Grid Building Site", Mail Online

10) David L. (2000), “Managing Employee Stress and Safety”, Minimizing Stress-

Related Cost While Maximizing Employee Productivity

11) Bureau of Labor Statistics (BOLS) (2006), "Sprains And Strains Again Most

Common Workplace Injury", United State Department of Labor

12) Department of Statistics Malaysia, (2011) "Fatal Cases Accident Year 2011"

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APPENDIX

97

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(MITEC)

This questionnaire is designed to fulfill the requirement of the research that conducted by the

researcher. All data and answer given by the respondents will be used as the data to make an

analysis in completion of the research for the university only.

Respondents should answer all the question given, and to be informed that the answer given in

this questionnaire is strictly private and confidential.

Semua soalan ini direka bagi memenuhi kriteria dan keperluan kajian oleh setiap pengkaji.

Semua data dan jawapan yang diberikan oleh responden akan digunakan sebagai data utama

untuk membuat analisis dan menyiapkan kajian untuk universiti sahaja.

Responden hendaklah menjawab semua soalan yang diberikan, dan untuk makluman, jawapan

yang diberikan adalah rahsia.

SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTION

Please tick at the right column/Sila tandakan di kotak yang berkenaan.

Gender: Male/Female

Race: Malay Chinese Indian ………….

Religion: Islam Buddha Hindu ………….

Position: Top Management Middle Management Subordinates

Working Experience: 5 years and above 3-5 years 1-3 years

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SECTION B: ATTITUDES AND MANNER (KELAKUAN DAN SIKAP)

This section is designed to know how far attitudes and manner will be the causes that influence workplace

safety.

Soalan ini direka bagi mengetahui sejauh mana sikap dan kelakuan akan mempengaruhi keselamatan di

tempat kerja.

Please circle on the scale number below/Sila bulatkan di skala nombor yang berkenaan

1 2 3 4 5

STRONGLY DISAGREE STRONGLY AGREE

QUESTION

SCALE

1. Did you ever experience any injuries during the working

period?

Adakah anda pernah mengalami sebarang kecederaan semasa

bekerja?

YES NO

2. I report every workplace injury or illness to my supervisor

that I sustain, regardless of severity.

Saya akan melaporkan segala kemalangan dan kecederaan yang

berlaku di tempat kerja kepada penyelia

1 2 3 4 5

3. I realize the safety procedure is important and must be applied

in daily operation.

Saya sedar tentang kepentingan prosedur keselamatan dan mesti

dilaksanakan dalam kerja seharian.

1 2 3 4 5

4. I care in every single aspect of safety in daily operation, apply

the safety practices during work

Saya mengambil berat setiap aspek keselamatan dalam operasi

seharian, dan mengamalkan tatakerja yang selamat ketika bekerja.

1 2 3 4 5

5. If I saw another employee committing an unsafe practice, I

would alert him immediately.

Jika saya ternampak pekerja lain terdedah kepada cara kerja yang

tidak selamat, saya akan memberitahunya dengan kadar segera.

1 2 3 4 5

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SECTION C: AWARENESS (KESEDARAN)

This section is designed to know how importance of awareness towards the workplace safety.

Soalan ini direka bagi mengetahui sejauh mana kesedaran pekerja terhadap keselamatan pekerja.

Please circle on the scale number below/Sila bulatkan di skala nombor yang berkenaan.

1 2 3 4 5


QUESTION

SCALE

1) The safety rules/procedure of this organization has been

clearly explained to me.

Segala prosedur dan undang-undang keselamatan telah diterangkan

dengan baik kepada saya.

1 2 3 4 5

2) The personal protective equipment (i.e. safety glasses, gloves,

etc.) for my job is always equipped during working.

Segala peralatan keselamatan (cth. kaca mata, sarung tangan,dsb.)

sentiasa dipakai semasa kerja

1 2 3 4 5

3) The safety training program offered by my organization meet

my needs.

Program latihan tentang keselamatan yang ditawarkan di organisasi

ini memenuhi keperluan saya.

1 2 3 4 5

4) Safe practices are reviewed and updated from time to time in

order to reduce the risk of workplace accident.

Keselamatan tatacara kerja dipantau dan dikemaskini dari semasa ke

semasa bagi mengurangkan risiko kemalangan di tempat kerja

1 2 3 4 5

5) Rewards and positive feedback are a good way to increase

the safety awareness levels.

Ganjaran dan maklum balas yang positif adalah cara yang baik

untuk meningkatkan tahap kesedaran tentang keselamatan

1 2 3 4 5

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SECTION D: WORKPLACE CULTURE (BUDAYA TEMPAT KERJA)

This section is designed to know either the current workplace culture give a positive/negative result to

safety.

Soalan ini direka untuk mengetahui budaya di tempat kerja memberi tanda positif/negative kepada

keselamatan.

Please circle on the scale number below/Sila bulatkan di skala nombor yang berkenaan.

1 2 3 4 5


QUESTION

SCALE

1) My manager/supervisor makes sure we can do the work in

safely manner.

Penyelia saya sentiasa memantau tatacara kerja saya bagi

memastikan keselamatan diutamakan

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2) I would reporting the safety incident and the management

will immediately response to the case

Saya melaporkan semua kemalangan dan pihak pengurusan memberi

respons yang segera terhadap kes tersebut.

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3) Health and safety is a high priority when I am performing my

job responsibililties

Bagi saya, keselamatan adalah perkara utama yang mesti dijaga

ketika melaksanakan tugas

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4) All equipment/machines/tools are fully inspected, checked

and updated as necessary.

Segala peralatan/mesin/kelengkapan sentiasa disemak, diperiksa, dan

dikemaskini.

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5) Health and Safety Committee in my organization is an active

and result oriented group.

Persatuan/pertubuhan keselamatan dan kesihatan di organisasi ini

aktif dan sentiasa mencari jalan meminimakan kemalangan di tempat

kerja.

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Any suggestion and recommendation for improvement of the behavior and workplace safety

measure:

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Universiti Kuala Lumpur

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