,JJ*H.'.#t;Nakład: 350 egz.

tłllAD0lul0Ścl ilUtll!ltllllATYctllEROK LrI, 2008 - ZESZYT 2 (186)

POLISHNUMISMATIC NEWS

UII2009

Special IssueFor the Intemational Numismatic Congress

In Glasgow, September 2009

*"ol$il,"r"

JELIPSAI

Warszawa Ż008

Wiadomości NumizmaĘczne, R. LII, 2008, z. Ż (1'86)

Polish Numismatic News VIII, 2009

I,LEKSANDER BURSCHE

UNIQUE ROMAN GOLD COINS AND MEDALLIONSIN THB COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

OF UKRAINIAN HISTORY IN I(YN

The Numismatic Department of the National Museum of Ukrainian History: Kviv has in its keeping a little known but at the samę time quite extensive and,nremely interesting collection of ancient coins. ItS corę is formed by a collectionr,:ich originally belonged to King Stanislaus Augustus, the last rulęr of Polandrled 1764-95, died 1798). In its day it was the most magnificent Polish collec-;-:n of coins and medals of recognised European rank.

The collection went through rather complicated changes of fortune, e.g.,byą "l' of the Volhyn High School in Krzemieniec (today's Ktemenets', Ukraine)r,,j the Vilnius University it eventually found its way to Klv. There, at first, it wasr keeping of the UniversiĘ of Saint Vladimir, as a part of a coin room formed by].n'eł Jarkowski, former librarian of the Krzemieniec High School, who was also( -ćper of this collection.1 Finally, by way of Pechersk Lavra, the collection passed;, ihe National Museum of Ukrainian History. Until the Bolshevik Revolutionr rontinued to be expanded thanks to donations and acquisitions, and at a later,;.ge. also to coins from excavations.

There is no doubt that a large part of thę coins which form this collec-:,'n originate from local finds made on the territory of thę Polish-Lithuanian_.,,nmonwealth and in a later period, from the area of volhyn and ukraine at

r.:se. This provenance is indicated by r.g., the fact that many of these speci-m.a5 are pierced or have added suspension loops, something Ępical for finds of:: LC Roman coins discovered on the territory of Barbaricum, particularly those..i:rciated with the Dancheny-Brangstrup archaeological horizon which, by way

: :]:Le territory of the Chęrniakhiv culture and the Wielbark culture, linked the

' K o 1 e n d o 1970; M i e 1 c z ar ek 1997, pp. 97-98; B u r s c h e 1998b, pp. 151-152;,tt ::iewska 2001.

r6'7

region on the lower Danube with Denmark,z and also by the proportion of silvercoins, which are entirely dominated by denarii from the time of the Antoninedynasty.3 Unfortunately, now that a considerable portion of archival records haveperished or cannot be traced and several relocations and putting into hidinghave caused the royal collection to have become completely disorganised, itis possible to establish provenance only in exceptional cases. One example isa Licinius quaternio discussed below.

Moreover, in many cases it is not easy to establish whether individual coinsbelonged to the collection of Stanislaus Augustus or were added to it only at

a later date - after the holdings had passed to Krzemieniec or to Kyiv. Thecatalogue of ancient coins in thę collection of Kyiv University developed by V. B.Antonovich, published in the early twentieth century on the basis of manuscriptsof Paweł Jarkowski, as far as issues of central Roman mint go, covers the periodonly up to Commodus and does not account for the specimens described here(A n t o n o v i c h 1907). It is certain that some of these pieces were described indetail in a manuscript catalogue of the numismatic collection of the KrzemieniecHigh School and a catalogue drawn up by P. Jarkowski when the collection wastemporarily held byVilnius University (Mę"lewska 2008; Ż009).

Nevertheless, particularly in the case of coins of a given type of which onlya single specimen is in existence, it is possible to link them to the collection of thelast ruler of Poland using the records left by J. Ch. Albertrandi. And so, the fourunique coins and medals described below definitely belonged to the collectionof King Stanislaus Augustus.

Below are presented detailed descriptions and images of these coins accom-panied by a discussion of the time and possible circumstances of minting. Theinventory numbers given here are taken from the inventory books of ancientgold coins of the Numismatic Department of National Museum of UkrainianHistory.

1,. Septimius Severus, aureusInv. no. 91, aureus, Septimius Severus, Laodicea, 198, weight: 7.I3 g, t tObv. LSEPSEVERVSPER AVGPMIMPXILaureate and cuirassed bust right.Rev. VIRTAVG TRPVICOSIIPPHelmeted Virtus standing left, holding Victory in right hand and revęrsedspear in left hand.The coin has been perforated above the head of the emperor from theobverse side.Reference: MN, p. 1B3; AlbertrandilIlŻ p. 304 no.5Ż.

2 On the subject of the Dancheny-Brangstrup horizon c/. We r n e r 1988; on gold coiu<

with suspension loops c/. Callu 1991; Bursche 1998a, pp. L69-I7I.3 B o 1 i n 19Ż9, pp. 98_t07 ; B u r s c h e 1994; 2003, Ż006, pp' ŻT-ŻŻŻ; L u c c h e ] l i

1998; Wo 1t e r s 1999, pp. 381-390.

Fig. 1. Septimius Severus. auof Ukrainian History."

This obverse legend con_ntat Laodicea (RIC p. 158 no.trther aurei, while the obr-erv;mperor's laureate head' _Ąt limperor on our specimen. ni,Juring this period at LaodieeaJ90b, 502a 503b' 510b, '51:. -ś1

On the other hand the npe)een on aurei of Septimius Ser'llhey

appear on denarii strłrck_r the years 194_195 (RIC -r_ł_r.

llhey all bear the legend \lRL.lmt'ering only in the number ol

This magnificent unique pr:ates its provenance from tłre t

I Valerian, medallionInv. no. 146, Quaternroł '1 l '

obv. IMPCPLICIVAILERILaureate bust, cuirasse,J. n:Rev. PMTRPOTIVICOSil\ralerian in consular dress ińght hand, left hand lolłenRoma (Mars?) holding sprearthe head of a lictor rrith ułst.Ąbove the emperor's hca,lpoor condition, the iesend-most seriously in the lover

1

Cf. also the aureus from Laurdaatics. Auction 04. Januor ljj The RIC attribution of rhis r*rs

3u::rer'." Described in the Kvir col.L;cnr

!:rsche 1998a, pp.'lO-li, l*f

168

J-"o Lrr the propottton of silYerrm the time of the Antoninemi,,-rn of archival records havei--.n-< and putting into hidingc,.rmpletely disorganised, it

ional cases. One examPle is

'li-rh q'hether individual coins

or \\.ere added to it only at

Krzemieniec or to KYiv. TheL nlr ersiry developed bY V. B.

T: on the basis of manuscriPtsan rnint go, covers the Periodhe specimens described here

he>e pieces were described incol-lection of the KrzemieniecmsLi rr'hen the collęction wasska 1008;2009).1r1 3 c'ir-en Ępe of which onl}

k rtrem to the collection of the

-dbertrandi. And so, the four:h belonged to the collection

iTnases of these coins accom-iru-uństances of minting. TheĆ irni\ entory books of ancientdonal Museum of Ukrainian

sa 1.98. weight: 7.13 g, I I

r-r in right hand and reverse*i

:a,i of the emPeror from the

$ no. 52.

rc. --: \\- e r n e r 1988; on gold coirso- p9" 169-171.j" ]r-łló. pp' Ż21'_ŻŻŻ; Lucche1-'

ffiffiFig. 1. Septimius Severus, aureus, Numismatic Department of National Museum

of Ukrainian History, inv. no 91, scale 1:1 (photo by B. Kashtanov).

This obverse legend connects the aureus in series with denarii struck in 198at Laodicea (RIC p. 158 no. 495, 496a and 497a), but that series includes nother aurei, while the obverse portraiture of the series is otherwise simply the

:mperor's laureate head. At the same time' the sĘle of representation of the-mperor on our specimen, with decorated bust, is identical with aurei mintedJuring this period at Laodicea in issues with a diffęrent obverse legend (e.g' RIC-90b, 502a 503b, 510b' 5IŻ,513,517,5Ż0b, pl. VIII, 18 and 20).a

On the other hand the Ępe and legend of the reverse arę not otherwise to ber;en on aurei of Septimius Severus, nor on any other coins struck at Laodicea.llhey appear on denarii struck in 194 in the Eastern mint (RIC 395) and Emesa-r the years 1.94-1.95 (RIC 430.Ą), and on bronze issues from 194 (RIC 673-615).lłev all bear the legend VIR|AVGTRPIICOSIPP similar to that on our aureus':Sering only in the number of the tribwnicia potestas.

This magnificent unique piece has a carelessly pierced opening which indi--;!tes its provenance from the territory of Barbaricum.

: Valerian" medallionInv. no' 146, Ql:aternio(?) Valerian,6 Rome, Ż57, weight: ŻŻ.9Ż g, t tObv. IMPCPLICIVAI LERIANVSPEAVGLaureate bust, cuirassed, with paludamentum, right.Rev. PMTRPOT[V]COSIIIIPPValerian in consular dress in abiga(?) left, raising scipio (palm branch?) inright hand, left hand lowered; reins tied to the carriage rail; horses led byRoma (Mars?) holding spear in right hand; at the back over the horses' heads,the head of a lictor with fascis, left.-\bove the emperor's head a large opening made from the obverse side; inroor condition, the legend, and particularly, the image substantially worn,inost seriously in the lower part of the reverse, opposite the opening.

- C/. also the aureus from Laodicea struck in 197, not recorded in RIC, UBS Gold &\rumrnatics, Auction 64, January 24th 2006, no. 208.' The RIC attribution of this issue to R.ome is certainly wrong - I owed this remark to

' Described in the KyiV collection erroneously as a Licinius medallion; on this subiectłi]n a _:sche 1998a, pp.90-91; 1998b,p. 152;2002.

169

Fig. 2. Valerian, quatemio(?), Numismatic Department of National Museumof Ukrainian History, inv. no 146, scale 1:1 (photo by B. Kashtanov).

The coin's poor condition makes it difficult to decipher the inscription. an;consequently, to interpret the legend and the representation.

The obverse shows the emperor, laureate and cuirassed, wearing a cloa!,;

Qtaludamentum) fastened at his right shoulder, facing right. The legend in fuLextension would be: Imp(erator) C(aesar) P(ublius) Lic(inius) Valeńanus P(itłsF(elix) Aug(ustus). The cognomina Pius and Felix in case of emperors Valeriarand Gallienus appear in inscriptions beginning in c. Ż55 (RIC V I, p.3Ż), whereasthe legend described here is encountered, in case of gold issues, on the whoiconly on coins minted in Rome.7 The extended version of the reverse legend, or-

TRPOT in place of TRĘ Ępicai for the period, Suggests an exceptional occa-

sional character of the issue.Valerian became consul for the fourth time starting from 1 January Ż57,whlcr^

office was heid by him until9 December Ż57, jointly with Gallienus as COS III'ion this occasion in 257 the Asian mint (Antioch) issued antoniniani separatełlfor Valerian and Gallienus,e with an identical reverse showing the two emperorsin richly decorated consular dress, standing face to face, resting their right hand:on shields between them, behind which are visible two sceptres tipped with an

eagle,1o and the legend PMTRPVCOSIIIIPP. Similarly, a bronze medallionof Valerian weighing 57 g, in the collection of Cabinet des Módailles in Pańs.featuring a legend of the obversell analogous to our specimen and inscriptionon the reverse of: FELICITAS TEMPORVM and IIII ET III COS (in exergueleaves no doubt as to the circumstances in which it was minted.12

7 According to RIC Y I, p. 37 in the pertod 255-256 it also occurs in Antioch an;Viminacium, but not in case of gold issues; c/. G Ó b 1 1951, pp. 19_38.

8A1f Ó1di 1940, pp. 1-10; GÓbl 1951, pp.12,Ż3; RICV I,p.27.9 RIC V I, p. 59 no. Ż]7 and p. 102 no. 435; c/. Ku h o ff 1979' p. 15.

10 In RIC described incorrectly as spears.11 With a representation of the emperor's bust with cuirass and paludamentum, holdng

a scipio in his right hand, and an orb with Victory in his left hand.12Gnecchi I91Z vol. II, pp. 104_105 no.3, Pl. 1'12no.6; Gób1 1951' pp. 13'1_:

description of the image on the reverse c/. footnote 16.

r70

Reference: MN, p.p.1.52; Bursche

205; Bursch e 1998a, pp. 90-91;Ż002, pp.357-366.

Bursche 1996b Consequently, our medr;..res and was struck in Ror. -:r ilv worn represen tatioI

:-.,cessus consularis, the ennip

;: iconographic schem. ,10

;>.Dciated with this solemn

-,'demed and wearin_u a tlr: - lding sceptre in one hanc.-- his other hand, usuallr'. a :

* *'łrich case the other hanc':: chariot rail; the empĆrLri. -. rr n flying above him : ,. r. :

;i --:i spear in right hand: n :i'.-: nead/s ol one or [lor; .:.

There is no cioubt thal ::;ricts one of the possiblc .'

":. - :he emperorwith right han_.. usual chariot drau'n Ł,r tlull:,s is the manner in uluc-r G- 'm 2Ó2).I8 antoniniaru r'

r According to E. KLir- -*" . '1lpa circensis. or a sol.::. :-'.

- -: organised on the or-i:-. :

r, . :hange the circumstanc.! :: l

.: : ::lationship between pr',.::';,l'-:J1di 1990, p' 20ó: \\ :g; _

r- The first issue repres::----.:l._"-_;:g the office of consul ir -ł::

,. Cf. RE, vol. IY1. col. - -l:'_ : ó 1 d i 1970,pp. 94_96.'----'-':'-:l:.-ations give a detailed i'.;':,

n.rlic meaning oI indir i.:- ::' Similarly. a bronzc *=-- '

'_:_LrśS a developed rarian' .::r - '. quadriga rushing lonł .-: '._. .1 .ides ol the carriaeĆ: '- :-"-:-r hand. with Virtus on r:.: ::.: :.es by their bridlel on tn- s-r:'

-- For consultation on lr: -::: ĄJ'Óldi. dr. Ąek.andra L-:.:.

..RICVI,p.i32no. l -,.! RIC Y I, p.92 no. -:,-:. : -

:lGnecchi 1912. rc

- . th the legend ofthe re..: :and.

]:. ! t_91: Bursche 1998Ł'.

-': \ational Museum:'. B, Kashtanov).

;.;rpher the inscription, and';sĆ1tation.

Li ;,rrrassed, wearing a cloak!;ns risht. The legend in fulli .[';.' iłtitłs ) Valeńanus P(itłs lLr ;ase of emperors Valerianl-<: i RIC V I, p. 32), whereas

: r sold issues, on the whoie!r--r rrf the reverse legend, or.sjqJĆsts an exceptional occa-

rng rom 1January Ż57,which-:. ...h Gallienus as COS III.'l's;e d antoniniani separatelvrse shot'ing the two emperors:.;:, resting their right hands; Ili i] SCĆPtIes tipped with anu:,i-arlr. a bronze medallioni'i:n;: des Módailles in Paris.,-;-l: specimen and inscriptionIITI ET III COS (in exergue): "-x:-i minted.12

risr-r occurs in Antioch and-:__1Ó.. I. p.27.i-9. p. 15.

' :_- s. .rd pa1tłdamentum, holding.: : - _::-- :1 L.

-] :_ 5: Góbl 1951, pp.13,21:

D[^ ]

Consequently, our medallion belongs in a group of so-called consular:::-]ĆS &ild was struck in Rome inŻ57. This conclusion helps in interpreting the,-.-.r ily worn representation of the reverse. Presumably, this is a depiction of the. ",:es-!r.r consularis, the emperor's solemn procession as consul to the Capitol.i3l:re iconographic scheme developed during the period of Antonine emperors.":s.rciated with this solemn occasionl4 usually was the foliowing: the emperor,:rademed and wearing a toga (toga picta) stands (right or left) in a quadriga,rlding sceptre in one hand, usually tipped with an eagle (scipio), and holding

;. his other hand, usually, a palm branch (sometimes only one of these insignia,,: *'hich case the other hand is lowered and open); the reins are usually tied to":-: chariot rail; the emperor is crowned by Mctory who stands behind him or is

':r-'l\\,n flying above him; often, the horses are led by Roma (or Mars?), helmeted,

'-^ -th spear in right hand; in the background, above the horses' heads, is/are seen.:c head/s of one or more lictors with fasces.ls

There is no cioubt that the heavily worn reverse of the Valerian medallion:;picts one of the possible variants of this design.16 Apparent is the representation,: the emperor with right hand upraised, standing left in a caruiage, only instead of-:re usual chariot drawn by four horses, a biga is more likely to have been depicted.tzTns is the manner in which Gallienus is depicted, invariably in a quadńga, on aurei:omŻ6Ż),18 antoniniani (from 259 and26I),19bronze medallions (frornŻ6Ż),Ża

13According to E. Kiinzl this type of representation ought to be interpreted more as: rcmpa circensis, or a solemn procession of the emperor to the games in the circus which,';re organised on the occasion of his taking the office of, consui, which nevertheless does':t change the circumstancęs to which our issue was dedicated - Krinzl 1988, p' 107; on.-e relationship betweenpompa circensis andprocessus consulańs c/. A1f ó1di 1970, p. 95;ł]f Ó1di 1990' p.206; Wigg 1994,pp.20_2I.

ia The first issue representing a processus consularis was struck in 140 on the occasion of..king the office of consul by Antoninus Pius (RIC III, p. 37 no. 93).

15 (f. RE, vol. IV,1, col 1'126; D e 1 l b r u e c k 1934, pp. 50-53; To y n b e ę 1944, Pl. XIV;{]f óI di 1'970,pp.94_96, 147_156; Dress el t973,pp.21Ż_218,260-266-thetwolatter:ublications give a detailed discussion of the significance of the entire spectacle and also the;"mbolic meaning of individual characters and attributes; cf . W i gg 1994.

16 Similarly, abrotze medallion of Valerian from the Paris collection (c/. footnote 12):;atures a developed variant of this scheme, only in an en face: the two emperors are rid--:e a quadriga rushing forward with Victories crowning them at the back; fasces are seen on:oth sides of the carriage; in front on the left Mars (Roma?) facing holding a spear in hisr_sht hand, with Virtus on the right facing left, shield held in left hand; both are holding the:rorses by their bridle; on the subject of en face treatment of this scene see W i g g 1994.

17 For consultation on the representation on the medallion I am indebted to Prof. MariaR. -Alfóldi' dr. Aleksandra Krzyżanowska and dr. Ernst Ktinzl.

18 RIC V |, p. 13Ż no. 20 - with sceptre in right hand.1e RIC V I, p. 92 no. 313, p. 170 no. 154 or p. I43 no. 150 - the emperor holding a palm

:ranch.20 Gne cchi 1.912, vol. II, p. 107 no. 9 (P1. 113 no. trO) and p. 109 no.31 (Pi. 114 no. 9)

- with the legend of the reversę PMTRPXPP and COSV (in exergue) and scipio in emperor's.:ft hand.

i 11

and on asses (from 2641'zt llowever, in case of Valerian' one issue of aure' sknown from 2i4, admitiedly triumphal in character, where on the reverse l:i:

emperor, being crowned by victory, is represented in a biga.zz In this situation -n':

could venture a guess that also o'ó.'' -ódu11io'' the carriage being representeĆ *

drawn by two hórses. I{owever, it is still probable that this is a heavily worn alr:

distorteó depiction of a quadriga.23 The emperor is definitely in consular dreis

which at the time consistód of i toga picta (Alf ó 1 d i 1'970, p.151)' Basicallv' ::

his hand he should usually be hońińg a sceptre tipped with an eagle, althoue:

a palm branch is also po'śibl". The Ęure standing at left in front of the hors;s

|ó."'nut'ry is Roma, helmeted and hoiding a spear,24 her unnatural pose, leani:g

|xcessiveĘ backwards, is caused by the lack of space between the horse's hool'cr

and head and the edge of the coin.2s Finally, in the back, over the horses' head-r"

a very poorly legible representation is preśumably that of the lictor's head rri-:

fascis, on the left.worth considering is the denomination of our muitiplum which at presei:

has the weight otŻŻ.9źg. Starting from the time of Nero's reform the theoretic;_

weight of tte basic goló unit' thi aureus' was 7.ŻJ g, meaning that a pound o_

goffi proA*ed 45 coins. In point of fact, weights of aurei from the time of jon:

i.rt" ót Valerian and Gallienus are a1l over the place, with average of c' 3'2-5 g'

which - if we add c. toTo to account for wear caused by circulation - incii-

cates that at the time of minting they weighed around 3.6 g. This would mear

that in this period a pound ot góto went towards minting 90 aurei' however the

weights of individuai coins varied so much, that it is even not excluded tha:

thei would have circulated by weight alone.26 our mędallion, with a large hole

and very heały wear, weighs ŻŻ'9Ż-g. However, its weight at the time of striking

would have been c. ŻO%]and' even-3O7o more, that is, in the range of c. Ż6 ana

21RICYI,p.1'66no.4I2andp'167no.41.3;cf.Dressęl1973,pp.Ż60_26.lno. 154.

22 RIC V I, p. 43 no. 52. It is worth noting at this point that the iconographic scheme of

processus tńump'halis is very close to process.u: :onsularis (ie' the

"1p91o-1 is shown in identi_

;"l J;;.', wnión is unaeińeobothilyA Alf 9]di (1970' pp. 150-1.56) and H. Dresse1

f{giZ, il'7,;S>. Nevertheiess in the view of E. Kiinzl ihe representation of the emperor in

abiga rsaltogether exceptional and highly u11sr1al for triumphal representations (Kiinzi198"8, p. tZS;"p. tZl' fig. 92 and especially p' I3Z.tig' 93)''' "-:B'Cf.in'particu1ai

tt'" ńun""i or repres9nting the four |-"-1...' "i 1l"."i":'T^d1l':x

1996; Noeske 2001 and

:.:- Adopting the theoreri,

=hed 29.1 g. The samc \\ rj:

Li ) _ning that the medaliion ',ł

":. tn force in practice. It is r

ł ., a deliberate practice fotrlo:. our medallion was to l:l-.3 g. For comparison. il:e

-*_': dlscovered at Zbójna. ;.'l- -\a. pp. ]2-73,257), rł'he re,

':.- between 22.6 and 30.-. ,s..'::ms to be that the multiplu:. .r1 the denomination of E..l

The medallion was c"'r..r- :sul. The fact of its harns. :: prese flt in the ciry in e.r.'.-,. period's events proposed

This is the only gold n:;c, ):ecimen mentioned br Fr I

-.rr &ure uS.ll There is a :r.--'-30 g, but none of these cc- rtrracter of the described m;

Our specimen is certai:l r.,-[un School as part of the Sr-- :he antique section of the :-;9 we find mention of tno

- -:cus, the other is descn:-;\l\. p. 205). This phrasLne

-::rcsented the emperor m .;rst doubt therefore that'ne 1

:" For example, the lr'eigh: -':: '.id from Zbójnawas 11.S] g';

:s They were respectiveh': l:.,.: 30.5 g- Gnecchi 1911. ::--: period when Gallienus ru,::

le This is the only kno*'n ::

''o According to his vieu'. \ - ;-__':ioch) only in Ż57 - P e k. l1.

:::nt reconstruction of this ;r'.-:: - --:9-44); review of the discr-s.. -

. P:kdry's version is supp..:.:: -

'- - aqion of taking the office . - - -i1 Gnecchi 1912, r'ol. I.:':Gnecchi lql2. roi I. . p

Philip ;i; #J.ió;;; h t iglz., uot ir, pt. 'o7 :: ' ?:1I'^ęł,1??1'^tl.'j ji';'^'];.?i

;#;b]#;j;; i,"inv .tń,e see also RĘ vol III, ?r' f2!6' !'"*':'ś);1::::: :I ]

$"'iff:l;ó:"i''ó;?;iail;"-'.";aii.ń:ia'i"kóry 1985,pp.sa_al;'z"1azowski1998, pp. 121-1,33; 200I.'' 'ź.'ńutit

may not be excluded that this is a representation of Mars, c/' Wigg 1994'

p.L9.2s Cf. an analogous representation ol bTY-::edallions of Gordian TII - Dressel

19]3,Tafelband, Pl. XV Iż4 and especialĘ P]' xvl' 125'

źucf.F{tcV I, pp. 31'_32;Ca11,' 1969, p'433; 81andT, Buttrey personal communication.

L]Ż

L

-irn. one issue of aurei is

. 'iirere on the reverse the

. ii:.;.ll In this situation we

-i:";se being rePresented is

,t rhis is a heavilY worn and

J;irnttelY in consular dress

; i"-r,1. p. 151). BasicallY, in

;ę;.,-,ith an eagle, although

.; ,c: in front of the horses- i.; unnatural Pose' leaning

: ł:;:o, een the horse's hooves

]:J\' ur\ er the horsęs' heads'

r:rei of the lictor's head with

::ulliPlum which at Present\e :o's reform the theoretical

:. neaning that a Pound of

: "ure

i from the time of joint

lce. lrith average of c' 3'Ż5 g'

'.r.;i bv circulation - indi-

:uri ,:.6 g. This would mean

:ntine 90 aurei, however the

: is Jr-en not excluded thar

r n;,1allion, with a large hole

'"ie-Eht at the time of strikins

,r -:.-in rhe range of c' 26 an;

:'D:.ssei 1973, PP' 260-lr'

29 g.zt Adopting the theoretical system of quaternio (: 4 aurei) it would haveweighed Ż9.I g. The same weight would have been that of an octonio (= B aurei)assuming that the medallion was minted according to a system which presumablyrvas in force in practice. It is not impossible that this duality of the weight ratiorvas a deliberate practice followed by the mint. Finally, there is also a possibilitythat our medallion was to have had a theoretical weight of UIŻ pound, orc.27.3 g. For comparison, the weight of a heavily worn quaternio of Philip the'Ąrab discovered at Zbójna, complete with suspension loop, was 26 g (B u r s c h e1998a, pp.7Ż_73,257),whereas the weights of five quaternio coins of Gallienusrell between 22.6 and 30.5 g.zs In this situation the most reasonable solutionseems to be that the multiplum of Valerian was also a quaternio if we can indicate:t all the denomination of gold in this turbulent period.

The medallion was certainly struck to celebrate Valerian's fourth term as:onsul. The fact of its having been issued in Rome suggests that the emperor-r'as present in the city in early 2572e which would confirm the reconstruction of:his period's events proposed in the past by T Pekóry.:o

This is the only gold medallion of Valerian known so far, if we disregard-' specimen mentioned by Fr. Gnecchi, which is more likely to have been a con-.uiar aureus'31 Thęre is a group of rare silver medallions of Valerian weighing-'<-30 g, but none of thesę coins was a consular issue.32 This makes the unique-:raracter of the described multiplum even more significant.

Our specimen is certain to have found its way to I(yiv by way of Krzemieniec--:r_sh School as part of the Stanislaus Augustus collection. In an auction catalogue- the antique section of the royal collection drawn up by J. Ch. Albertrandi in

- -99 we find mention of two gold pieces of Valerian. The first is an ordinary

:_lĆUS, the other is described: Alius mąximre molis Imp. in quadńgis. Ineditusr'[,\, p. 205). This phrasing means that the specimen was of great weight,

-::resented the emperor in a quadńga, and was unpublished. There is not the."st doubt therefore thatwe have here a greatly abbreviated description ofour

:- For example, the weight of a pierced binio of Gallienus struck in 263 included in the' .-_.] from Zbójna was ].1.84 g,i.e.,half this much - Bursche 1998a' pp.Ż57_258.:i They were respectively: 2Ż.6,Ż3.2,26.6,27.6 (specimen from Chocimfihoqln, Ukraine)

.:: -:,t.-i g-Gnecchi I9I2,pp.6-8; RICV, I, p. 130; but this is true onlyof issues fromi'; -,.nod when Gallienus ruled on his own.

'_ , " *', is the only known gold coin minted on thę occasion of Valerian's fourth consu-

] _Ąccording to his view' Valerian had reached Rome in Ż56 and, returned East (to

'.l-'':l) only in 257 - Pekóry 1962'pp.I24_IŻ8; c/. Kuhoff 1979, pp' 13-16; adif-] :-: :-construction of this event in A. Alf Óldi (1937' pp.57_60) and R. GÓb1 (1951'',r :-J)'review of the discussion in literature - Walser, Pókary 1962, pp.28_50._ :.,_.ł"S version is supported by a bronze medallion of Valerian struck in Rome on

-, r of taking the office of consul by the two emperors - c/. footnote 12.3necchi I9f2, vol. I, p.6 no. 1 -cl. preceding section.

' I necch i l912,vol. I, pp. 50-51; RIC V I, pp. 43-44 nos 57-65.

173

s:.:. 'rl ol Mars. c/' Wigs -'*

:r> uri Gordian III - D re s' :

'-l 1996; Noeske 20tti rrolB

medallion' especially that the specimen from Kyiv is to date the only knorł:n

tiplum or nummus maximae molis of Yalerian. It is worth emphasising that .n

Albertrandi clearly underlined the unique character of the piece. The ithat it had never been published takes on exceptional force if we consider

this keeper of the king's collection had had at his disposal, at the close ofeighteenth century, one of the best numismatic libraries of the day numbt.:q1B9 tomes, the Royal R es antiquańa - Nummi veteres et Nummi recentiores':3 T*-t

also notable that according to J. Ch. Albertrandi, the reverse of the mshowed the emperor in a quadriga, although at present all we are able to SeĆ lml

this multiplum is in fact only two horses. We may conclude that a distinguis

connoisseur of antique coins, such as J. Ch. Albertrandi was, ruled out the pnr.

sibility of the emperor being represented in a biga.The multiplum is pierced and must have been worn over a long peńoi nm

a pendant, as indicated by the extremely hear,y wear of its surface, especialh' oumr

its reverse.

3. Licinius I, medallionInv. no. 145, Quaternio, Licinius I, Nicomedia,3lT,weight: 18.51 g' f JObV. IMPCVALLICINLICINIVS PF]AVGHead right.Rev. CONCORDIAAVGGETCAESSIn exergue: SMN

Fig. 3. Liciniusl, quatemio, Numismatic Department of National Museumof Ukrainian History, inv. no 145, scale 1:1 (photo by B' Kashtanov).

The two Caesars in military garb standing face to face making a sacrifice

holding a patera over a tripod altar; the figure at left has a mantle falling at

the back to his feet; the figure at right, is holding up with his left hand the

folds of a cloak draped over his left shoulder.

1 :,,-'rtrr condition: deeP 'rrj.-'.:ćn:ion loop r isib1c in t:'- _|.3 1ęrerse. to thc n:L_:l:"i.orv.i.ierence: Mli. P. 116: Ko

--:-l3fno. l1:Bursch=

lars unique quaternio oi L

:-r (Korshenko I-::

33 O 1s z ew tcz 1931.;

1998, p. 147; RudnickaKolendo 1999, p.40.

Kolen do 1970, p. 951' cf. updated reprint of Kolendo1988; Łaskarzewska 1995;199'7; Bursche 1998b, p.I52;

Ir'ł'Lp elial Coina ge v oll:n

medaliion and the rePrt

limł'';-s. The only full ana1oe1 su:

ffiłl:,i-etian struck in291 at Tlc;l

lrur l..rcletian with Ma-ximlanl

T*:::rchY (RIC VI, PP' 166--.

illtrr ;ircumstances and time o;

un;:,:rnio was struck on the trcr

I ::r I March 3I'l at Serdica r

il:-- time, marked the rnsriir-r

:r :he sons of the Nv'o 'Ąug-'ls_;'

l";sars.35 The date of the m'ee

s :re r7les natalis impelii ot rh"ł

: ,r-). Our medailion is thu-. '

:.::ning Augusti (Licinius L;.I Diocletian, if onlY as ProPs!'.-.s fed a series of aurei rvith

"i::;ding as: IOVI CO\SER\-r;:nts suĘect to Constanti;re T_

''''ns and solidi (B a S t i Ć :] ]t!

r: PRINCIPI IWE\ITIS:ONSTANTINVS I\\ \OE

An interesting questlon ls

KYiv. The medallion rre:-'

34 RIC VI, P' 279 rto l - n:-

:ie representation of the rel-'>- :

;jtar.3s From the formal staldP:i::

CONCoRDIA AVGG ET CĄE's

' lesend would have mark;; :-'=

:o tńe original model ol the '--__ l:rs. The ńggestion of S' \' K '_:

.s unaccePtable as at that tin: '-':

iegend of our medallion \\ er' ri. t

r14

lJa.] :_-ra- l lł; ;,_i_l'ciljrłtl

-i Ćj:f ' ;l' . aI :h; ;' 'l*.t rd'

L.

:: _,ła]::] t'l\-Ćr & iltri].i ]r:-lJld:.: _,_ l:. iuńace. -srć';ń]rJlfi/,

.ń'eight: 1S.51 g" ' -

:-:-: -r: \ational Museum:r:':,- 'r,. B. Kashtanov).

lJi .'\ iacc making a Sacri ,:ś. et l.tt has a mantle falline ir:

i,Jne up uith his left hand r::

trl'll'': :,-ndition: deep Scratch mark on the reverse; traces of a ręmovedMu:r::r - I loop visible on the obverse above the head of Licinius Augustus;:mu ::-. -ise. to the right of the exergue. Discovered in 7757 north-east of

\[N, p.Ż26;Korshenko 1948; Bursche 199Ba, pp.85-91'11; Bursche 1998b, pp.147-54.

TIlh* *:-tue quaternio of Licinius from Nicomedia, was published only infrurllm :': rshenko 1948), and was overlooked in 1948 by P. tsruun in

',*::,tątłl Coinage volume VII. What iS more, neither the legend seenn:,-:iiion and the representation are known from other fourth century

,., l:- -.,nir full analogy survives in a collection in tsudapest: a quaternio of::'Li_-- s:luck inŻ94 at Ticinum,3ł evidently in commemoration of a meeting

ffinł;':l =:'.n rrrth Maximianus Herculius and formal institution of the firstiJ'Jrnl:''l RJC VI' pp. Ż66-7). Consequently there is not the least doubt as to:ilrr'-::srances and time of issue of our specimen, struck 23 years later. The!1 . -.1, as struck on the occasion of a meeting of Licinius I and Constantine

lmr , l-{rrch 377 at Serdica which ended the drawn out civil war and, at the:-:;. marked the institution (or rather, the recognition by both parties)

IT;: :.-lS of the two Augusti, l.e., Crispus, Constantine II and Licinius II, as

- s :: The date of the meeting had not been selected at random - 1 March.:..' ąatalis imperii of the first Caesars in the system of tetrarchy (RIC VII'-1 f.,,

"lll Our medallion is thus a unique testimony of the formal wish of the twor:rr:: _Ąugusti (Licinius I and Constantine I) to refer back to the political ideas

łimml' - n,:,ilclizn, f only aS propaganda. On the same occasion the mint at Nicomedia]llll]łiiliiru*: : .e ries of aurei with the bust of Licinius I or II and legend of the reversełl*eĆ::r as: IoVI CONSERVATORI (RIC VII, pp. 60L_Ż, nos 16, 17), whereasnnn:s s;hject to Constantine I (Tiier, Arles, Siscia and Tessalonica) issued medal-!ilrns ::rd solidi (B a s t i e n 1988, pp.75-6), including specimens with the legendrr FRI\CIPI IWENTVTIS (RIC VII, p. 178 nos 186-:7) and CRISPVS ET: :5STANTINVS IVN NOBB CAESS (RIC VII' p.421 no.26 - medalłion).

_Ąn interesting question is the weight unit of the multiplum now in keeping:l Ń,_ll'. The medallion weighs 18.51 g, which, given the theoretical weight of

'- zuC VI, p.279 no.1 - with legend SMT in exergue; the only very minor difference inliTtr :-presentation of the reverse of the two medallions is in the depiction of the threełegged

r1f................-i.:

:: From the formal standpoint the legend of the medallion reverse should read as follows:

-'- \CQRDIA AVGG ET CAESSS, since threę Caesars had been appointed. However such.:end would have marked the propaganda meaning of this issue, that is, the wish to refer

-re original model of the first Tetrarchy, where de nomine there should have been four rul-. The suggestion of S'V Korshęnko (1948, pp. 319_320), dating the medal1ion to 314,

-:racceptable as at that time none of the Caesars commemorated in the second part of the..;nd of our medallion were in existence.

115

u;:ated reprintjrr-: Bursche

of Kolen;:1998b, p. 15-

aurei issued by mints of Licinius of 5.45 9,36 leads us to conclude that our multi-

plum originally must have corresponded to the standard of four aurei. Its mass.

óonsiderably lower than the thęoretical weight, is due to its very heavily worn

condition. The Nicomedia mint is known to have issued a quaternio later than

our specimen with the busts of Licinius I and II and interesting legends of the

obverse (DD NN LICINIVS P F AVG ET LICINIVS CAESAR) and reversĆ

(IOVI CONSERVATORI LICINIORVM AVG ET CAES - RIC VII' p' 60-{

no. 37). This medallion, originally in the Bestegui collection, now in Paris, was

dated by P. Bruun to 320, which, however, does not seem entirely sound.37

The unique medallion of Licinius I preserved in Kyiv was discovered in 175-

in an area nórth-east of Kraków in Poland. C. V. Korshenko' author of its first

publication,3s discussed the circumstances of discovery and its later fate onlr'

marginally. Perhaps a new analysis of the original manuscripts, provided thel

still exist, will make it possible in future to refine the provenance of this find in

greater detail.

4. Valentinian II, solidus with frame and suspension loopInv. no. 16L, solidus' Valentinian II, TŁier, Nov 375-Aug 378, weight: 6.40 g, t ,

ObV. DNVALENTINIANVSIVNPEAVGPearl diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.Rev. VICTOR IAAVGGIn exergue: TROBT

Fig. 4. Valentininan II, solidus, Numismatic Department of Nałional Museum

of Ukrainian History, inv. no 161, scale 1:1 (photo by B' Kashtanov)'

Two Caesars confronted, holding an orb. Above them at the back, upper torso

of victoria with spread out wings; between the caesars, at their feet, a palm

branch.Granulated Ępe I frame (for the Ępology of frames see: Bursche 1998a.

pp. 135-6), suipension loop with three flutes, on the obverse side with tri-

36 According to P. Bruun the average weight of 69 aurei from Nicomedia was 5.28 g - RICVII, p. 3.

37 RIC VĘ p.59Ż and p. 605 note 37.:s According to informition of B. Garbuz, the article was published posthumously as

Korshenko perished during WW II.

angular granulation (ońt:emperor's head.RIC IX p. 21 no. 39(e l.

Reference: MN, p. 23c.

This solidus, while relati"'". lrame and ornamental susp-:1l'on gold medallions' 'Ą sui

.:':ngle occurred on three sc-- A Valentinian tr solidus l

CesĘ Tóśin, Czech Reru:- A Valentinian I solidus s::

in the Miinzkabinet ir: B;:: ATheodosiusll rc:p-

l00o at Przezdrowicc i:r --:

voivodship, Polandl" as i:

The four unique Roma: .-'

.lled resources ol the 2: '. :. .

--^rainian History. The sr;.tt-::c. lrom the collecrion -. >

. :rue of its Greek coins. P:r

:e Inv. no. 19590 - B u:. :' .-'r The coin is in the Co:.. l'l

-. r:uie. lts description r. -. : -.:.-. :PFAVG. pearl diadcm;.- - - :.l.l :_ a. Rev.: VICTORIA 'Ą\ GI, sl-..,: rnd wreath in ollt\ircl-::. -t .-:: and wreath in outstret.-:.;: :- ::corded lor Theodo:i-. I :,' :th ,ł mm), with a l'en' s:::__

I -:sche 2006,p.222fi,s. l.-

'-:

l":"

176

LL{ t-r a_,:a_']Ja _-:,ńr: :rrulr

incgJ --': f.-;: "-;:g; fllMl

s du; :-- ]:s '[a:d be;g'łlnffin

:rs-le J a q;;:al:r:afird l.rli -ra >:1i.- _;łem,dh

\-T\ S C_ĄES_Ąj{ ł1:;T CĄES - zuC \L pl_1 -T-='_Il-rl-. n-'r'. '- P-atr!ł'

t_l]| ŚĆĆIl anti'rĆh' \aiJj":'l_tn K1'r' '* a-< cnisc,r'r"'-era; m

Ktl:srenło. aut'lor :'f ms

s-i-ri =:.. .:.i :t< .:t=: -;'fńl n] JLJ'5.JT-i'pi-<. pl':n1]l3*nd

:he ::':,n enanc- trl tllt$

Sltrll ]OOF

_:__<__\Lg _]-S. rł eig'nr: l '{iltr g;

ch'

lu1t]].:tt ..i \ational \Iu-.eurpb,:i: :', B. Kashtanor i.

re then at the bacli rnFTEr

le C.e-sars. at their feer .u

tra:r;ssĆe:BurSchĆ _

S_ trrl thĆ ob\ erse 5idg mltftl

l:: .- published posthuEL.Lbi'ihl

(originally 15 grains, 2 missing) extended down to the

lq. : li no. 39(e).:;: \f\. p.236.

r-l- j_lS. u'hile relatively common in Ępe, is set apart by the presence ofiŁ:ł: ]:namental suspension loop, which So far are encountered togetherł: L: irredallions. A Suspension loop decorated with a similar granulation:u::-r:e d on three gold coins, none of them, however, with a frame:

'rr.r-::inian I solidus discovered in ploughsoil at Komorni Lhotka, okr.

' Trśrn. Czech Republic (Karg er 1934 fig. 1).nł,ł.ll:::lnian I solidus Struck at Thier (RIC 17a), of unknown provenance'ilne \finzkabinet in Berlin.3eTte,--losius I1/z scripulum struck in Aquileia in 378-383 discovered in

i: Frzezdrowice in commune Sobótka' district Wrocław' Lower Silesian{ri:rip. Polanda0 as part of a large hoard of second century denarii.

***:- i: unique Roman coins and medals described here illustrate the unri-

:rl:!:,;rces of the as yet little studied collection in the National Museum of: History. The greater part of it originates, like the specimens presented

:r"::, the collection of Stanislaus Augustus, the king of Poland. The samer : i ,:s Greek coins, Pontic issues in particular.

'"rr. lo. 19590-Bursche 1998a,p. 153,Pl.X,b.''|]l l}. coin is in the Coins' Medals and Seals Department of the ossoliński National

: trts description is as follows: weight 2.53 g, d=16 mm, t j, Obv.: DNTHEODO!'Ą\'G. pearl diademed cuirassed bust right, with mantlę fastened by means of a platei..''.: VICTORIA AVGVSTORVM, Victoria advancing left with palm branch in left

ir: ł1ę21[ in outstretched right hand' Ex': AQoB; RIC IX, p. 99 no. 22cvar. (in RICr:":',:led for Theodosius I), pearl rim, small suspension loop, double fluted, flattened

- nm), with a very small granulated triangle at thę base on the obverse side - c/: : o 2006, p.222 figs.2a-b.

r7'I

BTSLIocRAPHY

Lrsr op ABBREVIATIoNS

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nych, czasów Rzpttey i szesnastu pielwszych cesątzów. Zbioru ś'p' Stanisława Augusta Króla

Polskiego, MS, Warszawa 1808.

MN(J. Ch. Albertrandt), Musaei Nummonłm ex remotiore antiquitate Superstitum quod venale

prost(]t Varsaviae compendiaria descńptio unde in ejus notitiam emptuń deveniant' Addita

e:łt mantissa nummorum recentiońs aevl, MS, Varsaviae 1799'

R.EPauly's Real-Encycloptidie der classischen Altertttmswissenschaft (ed' by G' Wissowa e/ a/li )'

Stuttgart 1893.

RICThe Roman Impeńal Coinage (ed. by H. Mattingiy et alii), vols' III_IX, I'ondon 1923_1'982

I-rrBnłrunB

Alfóldi A. r%1 Die Hauptereignisse der Jahre 253-Ż61 n. Chr. im orient im Spiegel der

Mtinzprźgung, Berytus 4, pp. 41'-68.

1940 The reckoning by the regnal years and victories of Valerian and Gallienus, Joumai

of Roman Studies 30, PP. 1-10.

iglo a, monarchischen Reprtisentation im rÓmischen Kaisereiche, Darmstadt.

AtfóldiA.&E.!990DieKontomiat.MerJaillons,vol.2,Text,Berlin'Antonovich V B. 1907 Opisanie monet" i medalei, khraniashchihsia v" Numizmaticheskom

muzee Universiteta sv. Vlaclimira. III, MoneĘ rimskikh' imperatorov'', (addenda to: l

Universitetskiia Inestiia, no. 4, pp. 307-365'

Bastien P. 1988 Monnaie et ,,donativa" au Bas-Empire, Wetteren'

Bland R' 199ó The development of gold and silver coin denominations, A'D' 193-253, (n:

KingC'E.,Wiggo'c.(eas.),CoinFindsandCoinUseintheRomanWorld.TheThifteentilot'órd Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History 25-27.03'1993, Studien zu Fundmtinze

der Antike 10, Berlin, PP.67-14-Bolin S. 1929 DieFunde rórnischer und byzantinischer Miinzen in freien Germanien, Beńcil;

der RÓmisch-Getmąnischen Kommission tles Deutschen Archciologischen Instituts I)'

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(Jrsachen und Wirkungen, Wien-Brno, pp' 471485'I998a Złote medalioiy zymskie w Bąrbańcum. Symbolika prestiżu i wład4l spoteczeńsr^

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1998b Unikalny medalion Licyniusza I z północnej Małopolski, (in:) Kolendo J' (ed" '

Nowe znaleziska impottów rcymskich z ziem Polski I. Korpus znalezlsk rzymskich z eurL_'_

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ALEKSANDER BURSCHE

UNIKAIoWEZŁ}TE NUMIZMATY RZYMSKIE Z KoLEKCJINARODOWEGO MUZEUM HISTORII UKRAINY W KIJOWIE

(Streszczenie)

Dział NumizmaĘki Narodowego Muzeum Historii Ukrainy posiada mało zflaną, aprzy \T aogromną i niezwykle interesującą kolekcję monet antycznych. Jej podstawową część stanowi zbiór

będący pierwotnie wlasnością króla Stanisława Augusta. Była to wówczas najokazalsza polska

kolekcja numżmatów o uznanej europejskiej randze.Pizeszła ona bardzo skomplikowane koleje losu: m.in. poprzez Liceum w Krzemieńcu na

Wołyniu i Uniwersytet Wileński trafiła ostatecznie do Kijowa. Kolekcja ta przechowylvana b1'la

pier.wotnie na Uniwersytecie im. Świętego Wlodzimierza, gdzie powstał gabinet numizmatycznr"

ttórego organizatorem i pierwszym kustoszem był Paweł Jarkowski, były bibliotekarzLicelmw Krńmieńcu. Następnie poprzez Ławrę Peczerską trafiła ostatecznie do Muzeum Narodowegc

Historii Ukrainy. Do czasów rewolucji bolszewickiej była sukcespvnie powiększana o darowżn'r

i zakupy, a w póŹniejszej fazle także o monety pochodzące zbadai wykopaliskowych.

180

Bez wątpienia znaczna cześć tz obszaru t Rzeczypospolirej. " rSwiadczą o Ęrrn m.in' bardzo ]iczzłotych, typowe dla obszarórr' Buął,obszary dolnego Dunaju poprzez ioroporcje :udziatu monet sreŁ'nl\iestery niezachowanie się lut-' r:;przenoszenie i ukrywanie zbioru- :iiowych przypadkach pozrł,ala na irp. do czynienia w odniesieniu dr

Podobnie nie jest często łarł'tStanisława Augusta, czy tez za-si1l,h ;

Z pewnością część z nich zostaja:'lmizmaĘcznych Liceum \\bł1lr-'',.katalogu tej samej kolekcji. r'r;:rzez P. Jarkowskiego. Rękopi.crn :

Niemniej, zlvłaszcza jeśLi is:::i:z kolekcją ostatniego polskiegt- Ił'iaTak też opisyvane cztery unikat.l;ł,e. Licyniusza I oraz solid Salentr:n:.{ugusta.

.Ąuthor's address;

.Ą]eksander BurscheInsĘrtut ArcheologiiL' n iwersytet WarszawskiKrakowskię Przedmieście ]ń ]!PL 00-927 Warszawa:bursche@yahoo.com

net .nncznych. od początków po

k:u, -,.' nlLt:eąInictwa i kolekcjoner-

';n;;. v,' Polsce i Ul<rainie' Supraśl

f, \ :r,ri::nnNcznej, Warszawa' PP'

gnaiał hoard of gold coins and

',t:,; ';e la Socićtć Archćologique

-łłą; tslblioteczny 5, pp. 14-57 '

rn:es ]-<0-]60 n. Chr.' Histońa !l'

iesr'._ęi1l.ń clargestellt anhąnd der

L;lti:''t KróIewskim. Dokumenn''

_ tse:"ń.rłr 1!,:. pp. 141-186.

ledailjc-n im Bischófliche Dom_

irĘ _..i BischÓflichen Dom' u';

cr .\( :i'4ragtłng u nrl C eldwin sci;;-_

6n- m iorma di trio, Eos DL\}\'

\"Aj5.i1ta.

I}ISKIE Z KOLEKCJIKRĄt\l \\-KIJoWIE

g:_:; :,_*irda mało znan1 '-:"rŁ Jgl :,.l'cstarł orr'ą częsc st'B':!Wlt

Bqla : :'ł eirr'Cza-ę najokaz'rl<:r

Bez wątpienia zr'aczna część monet wchodzących w jej skład pochodzi z lokalnych znaIeziskz obszanl I Rzeczypospolitej, a w późntejszym okresie terenów Wołynia czy szerzej Ukrainy.Swiadczą o Ęm m.in. bardzo ltczne otwory i ślady po uszkach w przypadku rzymskich monetzłotych' typowe dla obszarówBarbańcum, azwIaszczahoryzontu Danćeny-Brangstrup łączącegoobszary dolnego Dunaju poprzez kultury czerniachowską i wielbarską z terenami Danii, a takżeproporcje udziału monet srebrnych, z całkowitą dominacją denarów z okresu Antoninów'Niestety niezachowanie się lub też nieuchwytność znacznej części archiwaliów oraz wielokrotneprzenoszenie i ukrywanie zbioru, a co zatym idzie jego calkowite przemieszanie, tylko w wyjątkowych przypadkach poałala na określenie proweniencji monet. Z takim prrypadkiern mamynp. do c4mienia w odniesieniu do opisyr,vanego quatemio Licyniusza.

Podobnie nie jest często łatwe stwierdzenie, czy poszczególne moneĘ naIeżały do kolekcjiStanisława Augnsta, czy tęż zasilily zbiór w p óźniejsze1- krzemienieckiej bądz k1owskiej - fazie.Z pewnością część z nich została szczegóIowo opisana w rękopiśmiennym katalogu zbiorów:umizmaĘcznych Liceum Wołyńskiego w Krzemieńcu autolstwa F, Skarbek_Rudzkiego oraz','. katalogu tej samej kolekcji, łmczasowo przejętej przez Uniwersytet Wileński, sporządzon1łn:rzezP' Jarkowskiego' Rękopisów tych nie udało się niestety do tej poryw Kijowie zlokalizować.

Niemniej, rwłaszcza jeśIiistnieją tylko pojedyncze egzemplarze danego typu, powiązanie ich: ko1ekcją ostatniego polskiego wladcy jest możliwe na podstawie danych J. Ch. Albertrandiego.T:t też opisyrrane cztery unikatowe numŁmaty: aureus Sept5łniusza Sewera, medaliony Waleriana' T-icrrrriusza I oraz solid Walentyniana II' wchodziły z całą pewnością w skład zbioru StanisławaĄ']-susta'

ĄIthor'S address:łJeksander Bursche_:sĘTut Archeologii-- --r\\ crs)let warszawskit:łkowskie P r zedmięście 26 l 28?L n-927 Warszawa.rL-nche@yahoo.com

'L 3aa::3z Liceum rł' Krz:'ru:rmi

*t K -.a"qu ta przech"''*"'"w*rurmur

Ejńr :,:n stał gabinet nu:: j:T

iJ1_5 _''oii. b1.| bib1it'tek-ł-t L}śi::-.lie do \{uze'-ul 5s'-ld-_:. i._'r :_ _

j }]\\lL' ł\'l: : :

E r ]:-:1 łlk,'pa-i'k'-ł_'::'