Two Spirits

Three, Four, orMore Genders

One Human Race

Definitions

Sex: Biological, physiological, geneticGender: Social and Cultural identity and role not necessarily aligned with Sex

That’s right!Sex isn’t Gender & Gender

isn’t Sex

SexBiological

Gonadal: male, female, intersex (4% of ALL Births)

Hypospadias, Micropenis, Hyperclitoral, Vaginal agenesis, Hermaphroditic genitalia

HormonalSecondary Sexual Characteristics

Testosterone: beard, deeper voice, body hair, muscle mass

Estrogen: breasts, hips, menstruationGenetic

Male: XY 26th Chromosome PairFemale: XX 26th Chromosome Pair

GenderMan

Woman

Other Genders, Other CulturesAlbania

Sworn VirginsSamoa

Fa’afafineZuni

Man-WomanHopi, Navajo, Sioux, Dineh, O’odham, Lakota, etc.Two-Spirit“Berdache,” Winktje, Nadleehe, Dilba, niizh

manidoowagHindu

Hjira Inuit/Aleut/Siberian/East European

Shaman

Two-SpiritThose In-BetweenMediators

CouplesFamiliesTribesSpirits

“Psychic Glue”Early Indications of Interests

Blessings, Healings, Crafts

“Berdache”Contested Term

Misunderstood by EuropeansSlaves“Nobody would choose such a role”

“Cross-Dressers”

Indo-European: “To Wound”ValkyireVulnerableVulva

Destroyed/Returning

Conquistadors tossed them to the dogs, but …

Diné Prophecy: In 21 Generations, they will return for the Diné AND for all

HumanityThis is the 21st Generation

Sworn Virgins

Biologically FemaleSocially MaleCelibate, but can Marry Women

Immune from Blood FeudPreserves Family

Fa’afafineBiologically Male or Intersexed

Sometimes “Idealized Females”

Completely Third Gender Role

Male and Female PartnersNever “Same-Sex”

KathoeyAncient RoleGrowing Modern AcceptanceSome, not all, are Transsexuals

Some Become Famous

Hjira Ancient Role & Function Blessings on Marriages, Children

“Outlaw Tribe” During the Raj

Transex, Intersex Often, Complete Removal of Genitals

Sometimes, Vaginoplasty Legal Third Sex

ShamanEastern Europe, Central Asia, Siberia, Mongolia, Alaska, N. & S. America

Mediators with Spirits, Healers

“Two Souls,” One in Body, One Free to Fly

Trance by Singing, Chanting, Drumming

Transform Sex & Sometimes Species

Mates Gain Status

HuaSix GendersThree to be adultFour to make a baby“If New Guinea didn’t exist … ”

So, Who … or What Are You?

Thank You!

RESOURCEStwospirits.org (film website)willsworld.org (Will Roscoe, Ph.D.)heartwingeducation.org (Luccia Rogers, Ph.D.)http://www.pflagarizona.org/yuma/https://www.facebook.com/pflag.yumanativeOUT.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirithttp://www.dancingtoeaglespiritsociety.org/about.php