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Ткачество и фольклор в культурной жизни народа Тхай...
Transcript of Ткачество и фольклор в культурной жизни народа Тхай...
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I Cheesman. P. Lao - Tai Textiles: The textiles of Xam Nuea and Muang Phuan. Chaing Mai: Studio Naenna Co. Ltd.,2004. P. 26-42.l TranThi Mai Lan. Thai Trang (White Thai) Traditional Weaving Trade in Social Transition II Vietnam Social Sciences. 6(80). 2000, P 122.
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J Howard, M. C. & Howard, K. B. Textiles of the Daic Peoples of Vietnam. Studies in the Material Cultures of SoutheastAsia. 3. Bangkok: White Lotus Press, 2002. 290 p.2 Lefferts, L. The Tai I Thai and the Mekong river: Textiles, water, mountains people II Tai textiles in the Mekong region.Continuity and change. Hanoi: Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, 2006. P. 20.
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I Howard, M. C. Religious and Status-Marketing Functions of Textiles among the Tai Peoples of Vietnam II The Secrets ofSoutheast Asian Textiles. Myth, Status and the Supernatural. 17,e James H.IV Thompson Foundation Symposium papers.Bangkok: Rive,' Books, 2007. P. 214.
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aasnasaercs )],ll5! H3rOTOBlleHI!5! o)],e)K)],bI H npeaaeros )],OMalIIHero ofinxona,a TaK)Ke )],JI5!pnryansnsrx HY)K)J,. TaK, npO)],YKThI TKaqeCTBa C pa3H006pa3HOH
opHaMeHTHKOH I1CnOJIh30BaJIHCh )],ll5! H3rOTOBJIeHI15! Tpa)],Hll,HOHHhIX )KeH-
CKHX I060K H TYHI1K. B nacrosuree BpeM5I )KeHrn;HHhI, XOTli H He HOCliT exce-)],HeBHO CBOH Hall,HOHanhHhIH Hap5!)]" TeM He MeHee 06JIa'IaIOTC5I B Hero no
npa3)],HHKaM HllH B OCo6hIX CJIY'Ia5lX. JIb «TXOKaMa» TaK)Ke H3rOTaBJIHBaIOTC5I
CYMKH H lIIapCPhI, KaK )],ll5! nOCTOllHHOH HOCKH, TaK 11)],JIli lIIaMaHI1CTCKHX PI1-
'ryanos. TIpHHI1Ma5! BO BHI1MaHl1e YKJIa)], )K113HH napona rxati, KJIHMaTI1'Ie-
CKHe YCJIOBI11111THn )KI1JIHrn;a (c npaKTH'IeCKH nOJIHhIM OTCYTCTBl1eM Me6e-
JIH B npolIIJIOM), MO)KHO rrpertcrasrrrs ce6e, HaCKOllbKO B3)KHhI B ofinxonecnansaue npI1Ha)],JIe)KHOCTH: MaTpall,hI, Tenllble onesrra, nO)],YlIIKH pa3JIHLf-
HbIX CPOPM, 3aHaBeCKH, ornerrarounre yron, rne CTIl1T ceMhll, nonora. DOJIh-
1II0e KOllH'IeCTBO TKaHeH npOH3BO)],HTCli HMeHHO )],JI5!3THX HY)K)],.
Txansie nOIlOTHHrn;a HCnOJIh3YIOTCli TaK)Ke npH npOBe)],eHHH peJIHrH03-
HbIX, noxopoimsrx H cBa)J,e6HbIX 06Pll)]'OB. Boraro opHaMeHTHpOBaHHhIe xpac-
Hble HllH revasre nOJIOTHHrn;a BhIBelIIHBanHCb Y )],OMa Cpa3Y rrocrre CMepTH xoro-
TO H3 LfJIeHOB ceMbH B Ka'IeCTBe noxopotnrux 3HaMeH H BHceIlH )],0 OKOH'IaHI15!
npOBe)],eHH5! noxopomrsrx 06P5!)],OB. )J,pyrne nOJIOTHHrn;a crryxorna KaK noxpsr-
sana )],JIll rpotia. KpaCI1BhIH, H3hICKaHHhIH, TOHKO BhITKaHHhIH TeKCTHJIh acnons-
100
30BaJIC5!L\IDl nOXOpOHHblX O)J,e5!HI1H.Hecxorrsxo KOMnneKTOB O)J,e)l()J,bI11TKaHblX
rrOnOTHI1ru; npe)J,Ha3Ha'IaJIOCb L\IDl 3arp06HOH )I{H3HH YMepruero I. He MeHee na-
lKeH «TXOKaM» H L\IDl TPa,lJ,HUHOHHOM:CBa,lJ,b6bI. B npananoe nenpeveano BXO-
AlIT MHO)l{eCTBO npenaeros cnansnsrx npHHa)J,J1e)I{HOCTeH: MaTpaUbI, onesna,
Pa3HOro 'rnna nonymxn. IIpH'IeM HeBeCTa npl1HOCHT ace sro B )J,OM )I{emIXa He
rrpOCTO L\IDl nH'IHb1X HY)l()J, CBoeH MOJIO)J,OM:ceMbH, HO L\IDl 'roro, 'IT06bI O)J,apHTb
scex 6mI)I{al1IIlliX pO)J,CTBeHHHKOB )I{eHl1Xa: pO)J,I1TeneH, 6a6yrueK H nenynrex,
cecrep H 6paTbeB.
0606ru;M paryansnsre CPYHKUHH «TXOKaMa» B TxaHCKOM coofiutecrae,
MO)l{HO npHM:TH B BbIBO)J,y, 'ITO OHH aHanOrH'IHbI CPYHKUH5!M TKaHH y ,L\pyrHx
HapO)J,OB, 3aHHMaBllIHXC5! TKa'IeCTBOM, H CBO)J,5!TC5!K cnenyrouma: 1) TKaHb
KaK sanurra, ofieper; 2) TKaHb KaK 06beKT, I1CnOJIb3YlOru;HHC5! B puryanax
nepexona; 3) TKaHb KaK )J,ap; 4) TKaHb KaK MamqeCKHM: aTpH6YT, noraoraio-
Il\I1M: ocyuiecrmrrs )I{eJIaeMOe; 5) TKaHb KaK cpencrso nepenaxn 3HaHHH,
OIIbITa, Tpa,L\HUHH. ECJIH)J,JI5! HapO,L\OB, B )I{H3HH KOTOPblX 3aH5!THe TKa'Ie-
CTBOM Y)l{e )J,aBHO nepecrano 6bITb nOBce)J,HeBHbIM )J,eM:CTBOM, ceaanrase-
CKHe CPYHKUHH TKaHH npaKTHqeCKH CTepJIHCb, TO )J,n5! napozta rxaii, OHH see
eute 5!Bn5!lOTC5! OC03HaBaeMbIMH H npHCYTCTBYlOT B nOBce)J,HeBHOH: )I{H3HH
KaK ee He06xo,L\HMbIe COCTaBJI5!lOru;He. 3TO H onpenenxer BO MHorOM cneun-
<PI1KY xapruasr Ml1pa aapona.
Apxanuecxae 3JIeMeHTbI B KapTHHe MHpa napona rxaii CB5!3aHbl, npexc-
ne scero, C Hepa3)J,enHMOCTblO B HX BOCnpl15!THI1 Ml1pa npnponsr 11MHpa xe-
nosexa. IIpo5!BJIeHHe sroro 06HapY)l{HBaeTC5! B MHcpax H cponbKnopHblX
rexcrax, see eme norrynspnsrx B )I{H3HH napcna, aanpavep: OqenOBe'-111BaH11e
lKl1BOTHOro 11pacnrrensaoro MHpa (pansure see cymecrsa B npnpone YMeJIH
rosoptrrs: BbI)J,PbI, CBHHbH, c06aKH, nTHUbI paCCKa3bIBanH HCTOPHH, 'rpassr H
paCTeHH5! rOBOpHJIH, KaK MbI), BKJIlOqeHHe xenoaexa B eure Hen03HaHHbIe npo-
ueccsi CPOpMHpOBaHH5! BCeJIeHHOM:, OTO)l()J,eCTBneHHe ero C npHpO)J,HbIMH 06b-
eKTaMH H npoueccavn, '-1TO np05!BJI5!eTC5! npeacie scero B MHoro'-1HCneHHblX
npeapanrenaax (nyna npespanraerca B xpacasoro lOHOWY, nesyunca - B lITH-
1 Cheesman, P Lao - Tai Textiles: The textiles ofXam Nuea and Muang Phuan. Chaing Mai: Studio Naenna Co. Ltd.,2004. P. 176-183
101
uy, nera )J,paKOHa- B MOJIO)J,bIXJIIO)J,eHH T.)J,.),a TaK)l(e peaxuna caMOH npapo-
)J,bIHa nponcxonsmee B Ml1pe JlIO)J,eH(ropasni p)"IeH MeIDJeT csoe re-reane,t.{To6bl JII06oBaTbC5IKpaCOTOHnesytnex 113npyroro paiioaa).
HaHBHoe Ot.{eJIOBet.{HBaHHenpaponsr, OTCYTCTBHePa3JIHt.{HHMe)l()J,ype-
aJIbHbIM H CBepX'beCTeCTBeHHbIM,ne-rerxoe pasrpauaseane rrpHt.{HH H CJIe)J,-
CTBHH, cytisexra H 06'beKTa, - ace 3TO xapaKTepHble xeprst KapTHHbI MHpa,
KOTOPYlO rrpHH5ITO uassmars MHCpOJIOrHt.{eCKoH,H KOTOPM CBR3aHa C
Hat.{arrbHblM 3TarrOM CTaHOBJIeHH5Iarnoca, HO BCTpet.{aeTCRy MHorHX nape-
)J,OBH rroasrae. B Hayt.{HoH mrreparype onpenerrenae «MHcjJonOrHt.{eCKI1H»
npermonaraer 'rnrr MbllllJleHI1R, 6a3I1PYIOIUHHCR He na JIOrHKe )J,OKa3a-
TenbCTB, a na sepe B nocryrrarsr, xoropue onpenerrsrorca KYJlbTypHOH 'rpa-)J,HUHeH.Cospeneaasre HCCJIe)J,OBaTeJlHOTMet.{aIOT, 'lTO caxra MHcjJOJIOrHt.{e-
CKa51KapTI1Ha MHpa MO)l(eT 6bITb peKOHCTpYHpOBaHa rro MaTepHarraM CTa-
pHHHbIX rraM51THHKOBJIHTepaTypbI H HCKYCCTBa,a 'raxzce 06pa3UOB «)l(I1BOH
apxanxa» (BKJlIOt.{M ee PY)J,HMeHTapHbre cjJOPMbI B THrrOJIOrHt.{eCKH60JIee
nosnnnx Tpa)J,HUHRxl B aauresr HCCJIe)J,oBaHI1HHMeHHO 3TH 06Pa3bI «xor-
BOH apXaHKH» 3aKJIIOt.{eHblB CHMBonHKe opHaMeHTOB rxaiicxoro TKat.{eCTBa,
a HX mrrepnperauas C npaaneveanev MHcjJOB,CKa3aHHH, JIereH)J, n03BOJIReT
BOCC03)J,aTb're 3at.{aTKH uay-nrsrx 3HaHHH, MHcjJOJIOrHt.{eCKHe11peJIHn103Hble
npencrasnenna, HOPMbI, xoropsre perynapoaarnr 11 perynapyror )l(113Hb
TxaHCKOH 06IUI1Hbl, ee HpaBCTBeHHble ouemor H KpHTepHH, a 'raioxe 3CTeTI1-
xecxae ueHHOCTl1.
1:lTo6bl noxaaari, )l(I1BY'leCTb MHcjJOJIOrl1t.{eCKHXrrpe)J,CTaBJleHHH,npa-
Be)J,eMKOMMeHTapHH ozmoro 11311HcjJopMaHTOBK ofipasy HCKYCHOBbITKaHHO-
ro ropaoro K03Jla.
3mo 20PHbiU xosen C LteJlOBeKOM, 3a6J1YOUBUlUMC51 B necy, «omopuuB306pQJlC51 na yskyto omBeCHYIO cxany. K uecuacmeto, y He20 H02a COCKOJlb3-
nyna B nponacme, U OH He M02 eutipamecn HU naeepx, HU BHU3. }f B smom
MOMeNm yeuoen oonozo-oeyx K03J10B, npOXOOUBUIUX MUMO. H no CLtaCmflU60U
CflYLtaUNOCmu ON ecnpeiznyn na cnuny xosny. TOPHblU «osen oepnyncsi U BMe-
I HeKmOJI.OB C.IO. CTpYKTypa a cPYHKl{HH r-.m¢a II MH<pbI H MH¢OnOrn51 B COBpeMeHHOH Poccxa / Ilon pen. K. AHMepMa-xepa, <1>.bOMC)10pq,a, F. M. bOp)1!OKOBa. M .. AI1PO -X'X, 2000. C. 17 - 38.
102
eme e uenoeexou cnpueuyn 8HU3 K nOOHO:JICUIOomeecuou acanu, u nocne
3m020 uenoee« 8 tinazooapnocms K03flY 83JlJl e20 rjJaMUflu/O 3b1OH2. C mex
nop u no nacmostuee epesot 8 e20 pooy He oxomsmcn U He ytiueatom 20PHbiX
K03fl08, cuuman 20PH020 «osna ustiaeumeneu.KaK BH)J,HM, 3TOT KOMMeHTapl1H I1MeeT Ml1rpOJ1o[,H'fecKYlO OCHOBY 11
orpazcaer OCHOBHbIe 'fepTbI TOTeMH'-IeCKHX Ml1rpOB: sepy B caepxsecre-
CTBeHHble B03MO)KHOCTI1 TOTeMHO[,O nepsonpenxa, ero oxpaanyio CI1J1Y, no-
qylTaHHe 'feJ10BeKOM TOTeMHO[,O ){<HBOTHO[,O H sanper ecrs em MilCO. KaK 11B
npyrax CBOHX sapaanrax, )J,aHHbIM MHrpOJ1o[,I1'feCKI1H MOTHB TOTeMHO[,O xa-
paKTepa necer B ce6e onpenenennyro corraansnyio HHrpopMaqHlO H orpazca-er nann-rae onpeneneausix rafiy, CBil3aHHblX C TOTeMHblM )KHBOTHbIM.
KOMMeHTapHH I1HrpopMaHToB napany C npasnexenuea MaTepHana MH-
cp0J10lH'feCKo['0 HJ1H rp0J1bKJ10PHO[,O xapaxrepa 'faCTO conepxcar H rrpOCTO
6bITOBbIe paCCKa3bI, nn-tasre BocrrOMHHaHH51 HJ1H nepecxas HHrpopMaqHH 06
onsrre )J,PY['HX 'fJ1eHOB cootimecrsa, OTCbIJ1KH, K paryanasr H 06pJI)J,aM, K
ofimenpuuarsn« HopMaM H 06bI'failM - TO ecrs K TeM rpaKTopaM, xoropsre
sucrynaror KaK pe[,J1aMeHTHpYlOJ..ql1e rro OTHOIIIeHHlO K couaansno-
KYJIbTypHOH )KH3HH KOHKpeTHOH 06J..qHHbI rxati HJ1Hscero cooouiecraa.
Bee pasuoofipasne opaavearoa, npe)J,cTaBJIeHHbIX aa «TXOKaM», MO)K-
HO pa3)J,eJ111Tbna CJ1e)J,YlOJ..qHerpynnsi: paCTHTeJ1bHhIH opaanear, 300MOPrp-
HhlH (11306p3)KalOJ..qHH )KI1BOTHbIH MHp), aarponouoprpm.ni (BKJ1lO'faIOJ..qHH
H306pa)KeHHil 'feJ10BeKa) ['eoMeTpl1'feCKI1H 11 rrpenjaerirsrii (oTpa)KalOJ..qI1M
He)KHBOM rrpe)J,MeTHbIM MHp), IIpH )TOM Te H3 opHaMeHTOB, xoropsre Ka)KYT-
ca HaM 'fHCTO a6CTpaKTHo-['eOMeTpH'feCKHMH, 'faCTO CHMB0J1H3HPYlOT 3J1e-
MeHTbI paCTHTeJ1bHO[,O HJ1H rrpe)J,MeTHO[,O MHpa. PaCCMOTpeHHe conepzca-
TeJ1bHOH CTOPOHbI opaaverrra He o['paHI1'fHBaeTC51 06paJ..qeHHeM TOJ1bKO K
HJIJ1IOCTpaTHBHOH rpYHKqHI1. Ero 06Pa3bl, MOTHBbl H KOMrr03l1ql1l1 3a'IaCTYIO
aecyr B ce6e 60J1ee CJ10)KHbIH CKPbITbIM CMbICJ1, rrOHJITb KOTOPbIH MO)KHO
JIl1IIIb 3Ha51 HX CHMBOJ1HKY.
Ilpozteaoacrpapyeu casas BbITKaHHO[,O l1306pa)KeHl15!, em Cl1MBOJIHKl1
H YTl1JII1TapHO[,O Ha3Ha'feHI15! TKaHl1 na rrpl1Mepe MOTl1Ba 06e3b5!HbI B 30-
OMOprpHOM opnavenre.
103
06e3I,5!Ha B opnauerrrax «TXOKaMa» TXaH BCTpe4aeTC5! KaK na ~BeT-
HbIX, TaK H na 4epHO-6eJJI,IX nOJJOTHHI.IJ;ax. Ha ~BeTHOM «TXOKaMe» 06e3I,5!Ha
H306pa)!(eHa B nape C .n:pyrHM 'IeTBepOHorHM )!(RBOTHI,IM, cxopee ncero -
MHcpOJJOrH'IeCKHM. OHa KaK 6I,I B~enHJJaCI, B cnHHY nocnennero H ener aa
HeM B nOJJYCH.n:5!'IeM - nOrryBHC5!'IeM nOJJO)!(eHHH. ,ll;BH)!(eHHe )!(HBOTHI,IX
HanpaBJJeHO B omry CTOpOHy H C03.n:aeT aneaarneaae HenpepI,IBaIOI.IJ;erOC5!
meCTBH5!. CRJJY3T 06e3MIHI,I aa 'IepHo-6eJJOM TXOKaMe OTJJH4eH. OHa CTOHT
aa 'IeTI,JpeX TOHKHX np5!MI,IX KOHe'IHOCT5!X, ee nOJJO)!(eHl1e CTaTl1'IHO.
Cl1MBOJJH'IeCKa5! pOJJI, 06e3b5!HI,I .n:B05!Ka. ,ll;a)!(e y ormoro 11 TOro )!(e
napona, KaK aanpmrep, y KHTaH~eB, OHa o~eHHBaJJacI, KaK OJJH~eTBOpeHHe
ypozicraa, rnynocra, 06MaHa H o.n:HOBpeMeHHO - KaK 3aI.IJ;HTHH~a OT He'Il1-
CTI,IX Cl1JJ, cnocofinsrx HaHeCTH spen 3.n:OPOBI,IO l1JJH xapsepe. ITo3)!(e B KHTae
nozt BJJH5!Hl1eM 6YM113Ma, a B IDBA non BJJH5!HHeM 6YMH3Ma R HH.n:YH3Ma
ofipas 06e3b5!HbI 6I,IJI nepeouenen, TaK KaK B peJJl1r1103HOH nareparype, CB5!-
3aHHOH C 3THMR Y'IeHH5!Ml1, paCCKmI,IBaeTC5! 0 MY.n:pI,IX CHllI,HI,IX 06e3b5!HaX,
CTaBIIIl1X CJJY)!(HTeJJ5!MH peJJHrH03HI,IX KYJJI,TOB 11 o6eperaBIIIHX MOHaXOB.
B03MO)!(HO, HMeHHO CPYHK~H5! o6epera OT pmHI,IX .n:YXOB, .n:eMOHOB, He'Il1CTl1
06YCJJOBHJJa TO, 'ITO «TXOKaM» C 11306pa)!(eHH5!MH 06e3I,5!H RCnOJJI,3yeTC5!
npel1MYI.IJ;eCTBeHHO .n:JJ5!113rOTOBJJeHl15! onesn. <l>aKT no.n:rOTOBKH TKaHl1 .n:n5!
onesn C 06e3b5!HI,HM opHaMeHTOM MOJJO.n:OH)!(eHI.IJ;RHOM: rrepezt BI,I)J,aHI,eM 11
cpasy nOCJJe CBa.n:I,6I,I HMeeT 11npyryio TpaKTOBKY: MOTl1B BOnJJOI.IJ;aeTB ce6e
)!(eJJaHHe MOJJO.n:OH'IeTI,I l1MeTh TaKRX )!(e BeCeJJbIX H l1rpHBI,IX zrereii, KaK
06e3b5!HI,I1• Cxopee acero, 3TO YTBep)!(.n:eHHe OCHOBaHO na 3aMe'IaHHR aser-
HaMCKoro yxenoro KaM Honra 0 TOM, 4TO ofipas 06e3I,5!HI,I Cl1MBOn113HpyeT
zryury pefieaxa, a cav BI,ITKaHHbIH MOTl1B CT05!I.IJ;l1X B P5!.n:06e3I,5!H HanOMl1-
aaer nereti, l1rpaIOI.IJ;RX B .n:paKOHa. I1cnOJJI,30BaHl1e 3TOro opnaveara )J,n5!
oztesn l1CCne.n:OBaTeJJI, 06'b5!CH5!eT )!(enaHfleM npofiyrnrrr, accouaanatr C nerro-
Cpe.n:CTBeHHOCTI,IO H 'IHCTOTOM: ~eTcTBa2. Hnrepecno, 4TO HeKOTopI,Ie rpyn-
nsr rxaa, npO)!(l1BaIOI.IJ;l1e aa repparopan Jlaoca, raioxe l1CnOJJI,3YIOT B TKa-
I Howard, M. C. Religious and Status-Marketing Functions of Textiles among the Tai Peoples of Vietnam II The Secrets ofSoutheast Asian Textiles. Myth, Status and the Supernatural. The James H. W Thompson Foundation Symposium papers.
Bangkok: River Books. 2007. P. 197.2 C~m Trong. Les Thai du nord-ouest du Viet-Nam II Cahiers de Peninsule. 8. Paris: Peninsule, 2005.P. 244.
104
qeCTBe MOTIIB C 06e3bHHOM - rII660HOM II 06'bHCHHlOT sxmoaemre aroro 06-
pasa B opnaxretrr 6JIarop:apHocTbIO JIlOp:eMK cavxe rII660Ha, BbIKopMIIBlIIeM
qeJIOBe'IeCKIIX nereii BO npesteua crpanrnoro ronona I.
Cnenyer OTMeTIITb, 'ITO nuorna 06e3bJ!Ha xapaxrepasyercs HeranIBHO.
TaK B OT3bIBax HeKOTopbIX IIH<popMaHToB OHa npezrcraer KaK Ha,[(oep:JIIIBOe,
HIIKqeMHOe )KIIBOTHoe:
- HU'Je2o He oenanu, CKaKaJlU no eopau.- l1051651mC51, a mo U CX6al115lm, ymatuam umo-nutiyoe.OP:IIH II3 IIH<popMaHToB npa KOMMeHTilpoBaHilil ofipasa 06e3bHHbI pac-
CKa3aJI IICTOPIIlO, KOTopaH npencrasrrxer C060M coxpameaasnt IIHBapilaHT
IIoY'IIITeJIbHoi1: CKa3KII napozta rxai! «I1JIop: nepena 'laM» C pacnpocrpaaen-
HbIM ClO)KeTHbIM XOP:OM«npespamenae B pe3YJIbTaTe HaKa3aHIIH». CIO)KeT
CKa3KIICBOP:IITCJ!K TOMY, 'ITO pe6eHOK, HaKa3aHHbli1: MaTepblO, 06IIp:eBlIIIICb,
CbeJI nnon qaM II npeBpaTIIJICH B 06e3bHHY. I10CJIOBIIl.I,bIHapop:a rxaji, B KO-
TOPbIX ynonanarorca 06e3bHHbI, He CTOJIbKO xapaKTepII3YlOT )KIIBOTHOe,
CKOJIbKO KOHl.I,eHTpilpYlOT B ce6e HpaBOY'IIITeJIbHble CTOPOHbI napozmosMYP:POCTII:
PUC C 20PH020 nOJl51 6ryCHbIU. Ilonaoem 6 PYKU 06e3b51He -tiyoem eny-
no, eCJlU ona He cuecm. (To ecrs rrryno He IIOnOJIb30BaTb BbrnaBlIIIIi1: Te6e
IIIaHC).
06e3b51Ha yupem U3-3a pma (ilMeeTCH B BIIP:YKpIIK), uaxaxa U3-3a X60-
cma (y MaKaKil XBOCTp:JIIIHHee, 'IeM Y npyrnx 06e3bHH). (3p:eCb naercs COBeT
lKllTb cnoxoitao, He BbICOBbIBaTbCH,He OTJIIIqaTbCH OT npymx).
HTaK, npa IIHTepnpeTal.l,IIII 300MOP<PHbIX 06pa30B IIH<popMaHTa-
MIl npOCJIe)KIIBaeTCH nse OCHOBHbIeJIIIHIIII:
1) xorna nozraepxnaaetca CBH3b C peaJIbHOM )KII3HblO, 6bITOM, 3aHHTII-
lIMil uaporra 'rxaii, C oxpyacaromeii cpezroii;2) xorna npOCJIe)KIlBaeTCH, KaK B II306pa3IITeJIbHoi1: <popMe MaTepIIaJIII-
3YlOTCH CKa3aHIIJ!, nereunu, nonepss, TO ecrs 06HapYlKilBaeTC5I np5IMa5I
I Bounyavong, D. History and legends about silk II Legends in the Weaving. Vientiane: The group for promotion of Art andLao Textiles, 2001. P. 108.
105
CBH3b C CPOJIbKJIOPOM H MHcpOJIOrW!eCKHMH npe,ll,CTaBJIeHHHMH, COXpaHHlO-
lll,HMH H ceii-rac CBOlO aKTYaJIbHOCTb B KapTHHe MHpa napona.
B xaxecrse rrpH'-IHHbI BKJIIO'-IeHHH TOrO HJIH HHOrO )f(HBOTHOrO B opna-
MeHT «TXOKaM» 06bI'-IHO YKaJbIBaIOTCH ero sacnyrn nepen '-IenOBeKOM. I1HTe-
peCHO, '-ITO B TpaKTOBKe 06paJOB peansusrx npencrasnrenea cpaYHbI H MH-
cpH'-IeCKHX CYlll,eCTB He Ha6nIO,ll,aeTCH OC060ll paJHHIJ;bl. Bonee 'roro, rrpH
KOMMeHTHpOBaHHH 06paJOB peansnsrx )f(HBOTHbIX H nTHIJ;, B xaxecrse HJInIO-
CTpaIJ;Hll MorYT rrpasnexarscx rpparverrrsr MHCPOB(nanpanep, COAAPHbIll MHCP0
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Jhrrepa rypa1.HeKJIlO,n:oB'C.IO. CTPYKTypa II CPYHKIl,I1IIMIIcpa II MIICPbI II Ml1cponOrl1}{B
conpexrerraok POCCI1II I Ilon pen, K. AliMepMaxepa, <1>.bOMc,n:opcpa, I', M. Bop-,lUOKOBa.M.: AMPO -XX, 2000. C. 17 - 38.
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