The Wellcome Trust Board of Trustees, 1972-3

The Wellcome Trust

Board of Trustees, 1972-3

Chairman: The Rt. Hon. the Lord Franks of Headington, P.C., G.c.M.G., K.C.B., C.B.E.

i

Deputy Chairman : Professor Sir John McMichael, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.

Trustees: Profe~S0r H. Barcroft, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.

The Rt. Hon. the Lord Murray of Newhaven, K.C.B.

R. M. Nesbitt, Esq. C. E, Gordon Smith, CA, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Path. Professor R. H. S. Thompson, C.B.E., D.M., DSc., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Path.

Director and Secretary: P. 0. Williams, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P.

Finonciaf Secretary: J . E. K . Clarke, F.C.A.

Assistant Directors: f Edda Hanington, M.D. (Deputy Secretary) l B. A. Bembridge, M.D.

B. E. C. Hopwood, M.R.C.S., D.P.H., D.I.H., Bar-at-Law

Appointment of a new Trustee The Trustees are pleased to announce the appointment of Sir Michael Swann, F.R.s., to the Board of Trustees from 1st October 1973. Sir Michael succeeded Lord Murray of Newhaven who had been a Trustee since 1965.

THE WFLLCOME TRUST

The WeUcome Trustees publish a biennial report, the of which will appear towards the end of 1974. This shorter report briefly reviews some important aspects of the trust'^ activities in 1972-3 and outhnes the Tmtees' policy for 1973-4.

Allocation ofF;urrdr 1972-3

In their Ninth Report the Trustees set out their aims for the support of various topics in 1972-3. The following table indicates the ways in which the sum of lE1,839,842 was allocated.

Clinical Science Basic Sciences Tropical Medicin* Veterinary Medicine Europe Other countries overseas Travel Grants History of Medicine*

Total 1,839,842 100

*including w ell come Institute of the History of Medicine. thcluding annual expenditure (not allocation) for Restarch Units in tbc tropics.

Most of the funds were given for personal support in the f~rrn of scholarships, fellowships or university awards. Support was also provided for the expenses of mearch, but only a very small proportion was gven for buildings and major scientific equipment,

Medical Research In October 1973 the Trustees met to review their policy. They noted that at the present time a number of trends were making research in the universities and teaching hos itals more difficult. The trends included the lack of fun d' s for growth in university budgets and the re-distribution of registrars and senior registrars with consequent increase in the clinical load on those remaining in the teaching hospitals. The first stages of implementation of the Rothschild recom- mendations were also expected to reduce the funds available for basic studies.

In view of the above trends the Trustees decided to develop a new scheme to encourage greater ff exibility in the creation of interdisciplinary linkages in university medical research.

Interdisciplinary Linkage in Medical Research The Trustees propose to make available grants of five years' duration to medical schools wishing to initiate new interdisciplinary medical research and willing to consider redeployment of their budgets as a basis for the long-term incorporation of those developments that prove their worth, This programme will have a higher priority for the Trust than the provision of grants to supplement existing academic structures.

The Trustees see'the main opportunity for development of such a scheme to lie in links between the basic sciences and clinical medicine. The Trust has examined the case for links between basic sciences on the one hand and the clinical problems of mental disorders, foetal disorders, dermatology, gastroenterology and surgery on the other; it has no wish however to limit the range of proposals. There are also barriers between clinical specialist drsciplines themselves, especially those that have become separated in isolated institutes where the requisite supporting scientific disciplines are lacking. It is for these latter, especially, that inter- institutional links are thought likely to be of particular value. A memorandum has been circulated to medical schools and faculties and can be obtained from the Trust.

Fellowships in Dermatology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology In view of the Medical Research Council's poJicyf that research in these fields will be given particular encourage- ment, the Trustees have decided that they will no longer need to provide special training scholarships in these subjects.

Medical Research Systems in Europe In March 1973 a joint Wellcome Trust-Ciba Foundation meeting was held to discuss aspects of medical education, care and research in the various European countries. The book, "Medical Research Systems in Europe'" resulting from this symposium, has now been published. It contains, not only a cntical description of present arrangements in each country in Europe, but also discussions of such topics as the influence of different systems of medical education on medical research, clinical research, the place of research institutes in a medical research system, problem of deployment of public and private research funds, and medial research co-operation m Europe. Tbe Trust believes that this book will assist medical research workers in Euro develop a better understanding of one another's pro t= lems and therefore facilitate the development of links between colleagues in difTerent countries,

European Collaboration Grunts The Trustees recognised that there are many cases when: laboratories in two or more countries are working on different facets of the same problem using different techniques, producing material that could be used by othen;, etc. Some times collaboration will save duplication of facilities, but at other times there will be a synergistic reaction through the association of two groups, The Trustees feel that what is lacking are funds to enable workers in two countries to meet regularly, to work in one another's la'tx,ratories, to exchange *Medical Research Systems in Europe. A joint Wellcome Trnst-Ciba Foundation Symposium, Elsevier / Excrpta Media / North Holland. Associated Scientific Publishers. DEL. 43.00.

+Medical Research Council Annual Report, April 1972-March 1973, Her Majesty's Stationery Ofiice.

materials, etc. They have therefore decided to offer grants to a1 this gap. These international collaboration grants will normally be for two years and at a cost not exceeding £750 per annum.

Research in Developed Countries other than Europe The Trustees wish to encourage continuing association between the older Commonwealth countries and Great Britain. Having considered what proportion of their funds could be allocated for this purpose, they. concluded that their most useful contribution would be to pay for the extension of visits of medical research workers who had proved their worth and needed to stay longer to complete an important project.

The scheme for the award of Australian Senior Research Fellowships in Clinical Science has been discontinued.

The Trustees will continue to provide fellowships for Japanese research workers visiting the United Kingdom.

Research Training Scholarships The Trustees have decided to reduce to twenty per annum the scholarships awarded by them for research training in the basic sciences. These awards are intended for those who are not eligible for support from official sources.

Tropical Medicine The Trust has continued to support research units in Nairobi, Vellore and Belem. The ep~demiological studies of cutaneous Leishmaniasis being carried out in Addis Ababa were concluded in mid-1973 and the unit there has now closed. In Nairobi the programme of investigations into folate and vitamin deficiency in baboons has been completed, and a three-year programme of research into immunological aspects of schistosomiasis in collaboration with W.H.O. has replaced it. In 1973 the Trust increased and confirmed its long-term support for the research unit in Vellore where studies are being made into the effects of intestinal diseases and the deficiency states upon absorption.

The unit in Belem, Brazil, has continued successfully to study the epidemiology of Leishmaniasis in the Amazon basin. The Trust supports a number of scientists working on different aspects of this disease complex and the work of the unit is an essential base for this research. In August 1973, the Trust organised an international symposium on Leishmaniasis which was attended not only by scientists participating in the Trust's research programme, but also by experts in allied disciplines from different parts of the world.

There are now four scientists working in the tropics under the LondonlHarvard scheme, which was introduced to encourage recruitment into tropical medicine. Two from Harvard are in Salvador making epidemiological studies of schistosomiasis and Chagas' disease. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has sent one scientist to the same area also to study Chagas' disease and a second to the Sudan to work on schistosomiasis. Three other scientists working on a long-term basis in tropical medical d have also been supported. These workers have links with St. Thornas's Hospital, The Royal CoIIege of Surgeons and Cambridge University respectively.

The consolidation of the Trust's long-term support in its units in Brazil, Kenya and Southern India leaves approximately half of its available funds for the support of short-term projects.

History of Medicine

Sir Henry Wellcome, during his lifetime, amassed an enor- mous collection of books and objects relevant to his wide interests. Central to his thinking was the creation of a uni ue library and museum in the history of medicine, but the II readth of his interests included almost anything to do with the history of man. The Trustees, on finally taking over the collection from The Wellcome Foundation Limited in 1960, decided that it was their duty to rationalize it to the central theme of the history of medicine. The collection of books in the library had been indexed and partially catalogued and had become an important resource for scholars in the history of medicine. The museum objects form an enonnous collection which, despite a great deal of work over many years, remains largely unclassified and uncatalogued. In the course of rationalization the Trustees had given or loaned material not related to the history of medicine, to institutions which could use it to the best advantage. For example, the Stone Age and ethnographical collections were given to the British Museum and the remainder of the ethnographical material and the Egypto- logical material were placed on permanent loan to the University of California and Universi College, London respectively. Even after this had been I one eighty-five per cent of the collection remained in storehouses occupymg 28,000 sq. ft. (8 acre) of floor space, the remaining fifteen per cent being on exhibition.

In 1967 the Trustees called an international conference and subsequently appointed an international panel of scholars under the Chairmanship of Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, to advise them on the future of the library and museum collections as well as on their overall role for the support of the history of medicine.

As the Trustees have wide responsibilities for the support of medical research under the terms of Sir Henry Wellcome's will they informed the panel that they could not envisage spending more than £250,000 per annum (1972 values) in support of their Institute out of the £350,000 which they could allocate to the history of medicine.

The History of Medicine Panel recommended that: "The Institute should develop as an international postgraduate centre for research in medical history. For this to come about it should be considerably strengthened on the academic side by the creation of an academic unit consisting of the Director (Professorial equivalent), a Reader and a Lecturer. This unit should be intimately associated with and responsible for the development of the Library as an international research facility.

In order that postgraduate academic development can receive the requisite emphasis, the exhibition and educational activity of the Museum should be curhiled and, if possible, the Library should be more intimately associated with a modern and active library of medicine.

Since, on this plan, the Museum would become a static collection, largely in store, it w d d be preferable if it could be taken over by a national museum so that it could be kept up to date and actively developed."

The Trustees were further advised that they should con- centrate the balance of their allocation to increase the academic quality and rfonnance of the university departments in the history o Be medicine they had helped to initiate.

The proper. organisation of a museum requires that: 1. it should be arranged and catalogued 2, it should be stored professionally in a way which would

enable research workers to have access to ~t 1 3, a re resentative selection should be on exhibition to the

C pub ! 'c 4. it should be used for the development of academic

scholarship

In considering these requirements the Trustees T80bgnised that their funds would not enable them to keep up to date a subject which, like all history, is continuously developing. The scale of operation that would be necessary to meet

these requirements could only be undertaken by an organisation sponsored and financed by the nation.

Legal opinion was then taken on whether the Trustees could properly offer the museum material on indefinite loan to a national museum. The Trustees were advised that they could properly do so, but that it might be advisable to apply for a scheme under the Charities Act. Meanwhile exploratory discussions have been held with the Science Museum.

The conditions on which the collection might be loaned have been explored with considerable care and include all the points mentioned above, The Wellcome Trustees would continue to exercise their ultimate responsibility for the preservation and welfare of the collection.

The Trustees believe that as a department in the Science Museum devoted exclusively to the history of medicine, the collection would be seen by many more of the public than at present. As part of a larger museum devoted to the history of science, it would benefit from a wider range of expertise and would, in due course, be more accessible for research than would ever have been possible under the care of the Trust.

The question of separation of the museum and library has been carefully considered. The advantages of the proposed arrangement far outweigh its disadvantages. In particular the material on which research is undertaken is largely in store far from public galleries and is therefore equally accessible to the library at Euston Road whether it is kept at Enfield, as it is at present, or at Hayes, the Science Museum store. It is planned that catalogues and reference books relating to the museum material would be available in the Science Museum Library and that there would be a close liaison between the two institutions.

If the proposed arrangements come to fruition, and this may depend in part on the availability of funds for the expansion of the Science Museum, the Trustees will allocate

I E150,000 over five years to assist in the cost of sorting and

cataloguing the collection. To provide for a continuing academic link between the Wellcome Institute and the Science Museum, they would furnish funds for a joint academic appointment.

The collection contains a large amount of scientific material unconnected with the history of medicine. Objects of this character which interest the Science Museum would be loaned to it for incorporation in its own collections. But inevitably, in sorting a collection bought over many years and never selectively examined, many objects will come to light which are either duplicates or unsuitable for in- clusion in a national collect~on. These objects would be made available either to other museums to complement their collections or, if not needed for this purpose, would be disposed of to create funds for the support of the objectives described in Sir Henry Wellcome's will.

The Trustees believe that the proposed move of the museum collection to the Science Museum is the best way to fulfil the trust placed in them by Sir Henry Wellcome.

Financial Targets for 1973-4 The Trustees have set aside the following amounts for their various programmes in 1973-4:

Clinical Science Ad hoe Grants Neurology Dermatology Surgical Fellowships Senior Clinical Fellowships Special grant for Ophthalmology

Basic Sciences Ad hoc Grants Research Training Scholarships

Interdisciplinary linkage awards 175,000

Tropical Medicine Ad hoc Grants Units overseas

Veterinary Medicine 200,000

History of Medicine Ad hoc Grants 50,000 Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine 275,000

l University Units 40,000

1 European Collaboration 125,000

I Other overseas awards 50.000

New Office During 1974 the Trust will be moving into new offices at 1 Park Square West, London, NW1. The need to increase the Trust's office accommodation was recogukd fhree years ago and ways of meeting the new r ' uirements were explored. The present offices at 52 Queen I n n e Street had been extended as much as was possible and additional space had been rented temporarily in the basement of the adjoining building. The process could not continue as the growth of the Trust meant that more staff were needed than when the present building was bought. In addition, the Trust's financial affairs had always been run from the office of a firm of chartered accountants in the City of London. It will now be possible for the work to be dedt with in the new office, which will be administratively more suitable in view of the growth and development of the Trust's activities. In the present building there is no accommodation for meetings and these had therefore to be held elsewhere.

It was therefore decided to build new offices on a site which became available at Park Square West and Ulster Place. The nature of the Trust's work made the location of this site particularly suitable since it is in the vicinity of various organisations concerned with medical research, e.g. Medical Research Council, University Grants Committee, Royal College of Physicians, Ciba Foundation. The size of the site was such that more accommodation would be provided than was required by the Trust. However, it was realid that by letting some of the space an income would be obtained which would meet the rates, etc. for the area required by the Trust. The Charity Commissioners approved the Trustees' proposal - - to build on this site. The cost will be largely met by

History of Medicine Advisory Panel, 1972-3 The Rt. Hon. the Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, c.H., M.D., F.R.C.P., J.P. (Chairman),

Professor Sir Herbert Butterfield, M.A., Hon. LLD., Hon.D.Litt.

Professor W. C, Gibson, M.D., D.Phil., F.A.C.P.

Dr. E Greenaway, M.A., M,&., Ph.D., F.R.I.C., F.M.A.

Professor Sir John McMichael, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.

Professor H. R. Trevor-Roper, M.A.

Dr. P. 0. Williams, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P. (Secretary). Dr. F. N. L. Poynter, Ph.D., D.Litt., Hon.M.D. (Assessor).

Veterinary Medicine Advisory Panel (appointed 1973) Professor R. H. S. Thompson, c.B.E., M.A., D.M., D.&., F.R.c.P.,F.R.c.P~~~. (Chairman).

Professor E, Cotchin, D.&.

Professor D. L. Hughes, P~.D., F.R.C.V.S.

Mr. S. L. Hignett, B&., F.R.C.V.S.

Mr. I. H. Pattison, B.SC., F.R.C.V.S.

Professor G. M. Urquhart, P~.D.

Dr. P. 0. WilhIS, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P.,

Dr. Edda Hanington, M.D. (Secretary).

The Wellcome Trust

1972-74

Tenth Report

The Wellcome Trust

1972-74

Tenth Report

1 Park Square West, London NW1 4LJ

Contents

I Introduction

I1 Grants Programme Interdisciplinary Linkage Clinical Sciences Basic Sciences

I11 Support of Medical Research Overseas Tropical Medicine European Programme Other Orperseas Awards

IV Veterinary and Comparative Medicine

V History of Medicine

V1 The Trustees and their Staff

Publications of the Wellcome Imtitute

Index of Subjects

Index of Research Grants

Board of Trustees:

Chairman: The Rt. Hon. the Lord Franks of Headington, P.C., G.c.M.G.,

K.C.B., C.B,B,

Deputy Chairman: Professor Sir John McMichael, M.D., F.R.c.P., F.R.S.

Tnrstees: R. M. Nesbitt, Esq. Professor R. H. S. Thompson, c.B.E., D.M., D,SC,, F.R.C.P,y -

F,R.C.Path., F.R.S. The Rt. Hon. the Lord Murray of Newhaven, K.C.B. (Until July 1973). Professor H. Barcroft, M.D., F.R.c.P., P.R.S. C. E. Gordon Smith, C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.Path. Sir Michael Swann, F.R.S. (From October 1973).

Secretary: P. 0. Williams. M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P.

Financial Secretary: J . E. K . Clarke, F.C.A. (Until August 1974.)

De uty Secretary: &a Haningtan, M.D.

Director: P. 0. Williams, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P.

Medical Division : Edda Hanington, M.D., Assistant Director B. A. Bembridge, M.D., Assistant Director

D. G. Metcalfe, Assistant Administrative Officer Pamela Bradburne, B,SC., Scientific Assistant (Until July 1974) F. A. Griffin, Administrative Assistant

Tropical Medical Division : B. E. C. Hopwood, M.R.C.S., D.P.H., D.I.H., &v-at-biw Gillian Breen, LL.B., Administrative Assistant

Director's Ofice: VaIerie A. Crust, B.A., Administrative Assistant (Until July 1974) Pamela Bradburne, B.SC., Administrative Assistant (From August 1974) Joan E, Masom, Director's Secretary .

Administrative Division : M , A. F. Barren, Administrative Officer D. G. Hooker, Office Manager

Finance Division: K . C. Stephenson, M.c., F.c.A., Finance Officer

I INTRODUCTION

This Report goes to press at a time when this country is facing changes in practically every aspect of its organisabon. These changes are having a major effect on the Health Service and the systems through which research is undertaken and therefore on the activities of the Wellcome Trust. It is a responsibility of this Trust to keep in close touch with both scientific and administrative trends, to identify needs and opportunities early, and to take action to meet them. The rapid changes during the past year have made this task even more imperative.

At a symposium in March 1973 on "Medical Research Systems in Europe", arranged jointly by the Wellcome Trust and the Ciba Foundation, a major conclusion reached was that research can only flourish where the system encoura men of ability and provides the necessary finance to ena l7 le them to develop their ideas. As systems change, major effects may be produced on research activity and quality.

Britain has occupied a leading position in medical research for many years. Since the war, despite the pre-eminence of the United States, Britain has retained a status ap ropriate to its sire and financial resources. This position L been held to a great extent because of the unique combination of an independent university system financed by the Universit Grants Committee, an independent Medical Researc g Council, a National Health Service and the availab'ity of substantial funds from numerous foundations, charities and private donors.

This combination of forces, each playing its part, has produced a degree of flexibility that has enabled almost any person with a good idea to test and develop it. The problem today is how to envisage the consequences for mearch of the changes taking place in our medical and academic organisations and to decide how to adapt the Wellcome Trust's policy to provide the most useful solutions.

The changes that are taking place are both social and economic, and it is difficult to separate one from another. The overall trend of social change is to require more return of practical value from the activities of our various institutions. Thus, the universities are required to produce more doctors for a National Health Service that has become unduly dependent on immigrant doctors. This requirement, with increasing emphasis on more practical training, may well impair the academic depth of undergraduate education, The staff of medical schools and teaching hospitals will inevitably have to spend more time on training these new recruits and hence less on research. The universities are in any case faced with the need to make severe economies as a result of inflation, and this is bound to lessen the drive for development. The Health Service, faced with major crises of morale, pay demands and inflation, will inevitably deploy its resources more and more to meet the pressing demands for essential staff. The decision during the past year to spread the registrar and senior registrar appointments in teaching hospitals throughout the regions inevitably lessens the clinical teaching and research strength of our medical schools.

The Health Service is now, as a consequence of the adoption of the principles in the Rothschild report, starting to develop a research organisation, partly at the expense of the budget of the Medical Research Council. The Medical Research Council itself, directly affected by the acceptance of the Rothschild proposals, has now restructured its advisory . committees with the obvious aim of increasing the immediate relevance of research supported by the Council to the problems of the sick. This 1s a yardstick which is bound to act against long-term and fundamental ideas.

I The private foundations and charities which contribute some twenty to thirty million pounds per annum have been mainly affected by the fall in the value of stocks and a likely

1 reduction of donations at a time when inflation is affecting 1 all aspects of personal spending,

The far-reaching effect of these changes is compounded by

l the increasing cost of research due to inflation.

Faced with this situation, the Wellcome Trust has made a very careful reappraisal of its policy with the aim of spending its funds to maintain those aspects of medical research which seem most vulnerable and valuable. Fortunate1 , the sales and profits of the WeIIcome Foundation ~ i m i d h a v e continued to increase during the past two years, which means that the Trust can set a target of £3.6 million for allocation during 1974-75. While this fund is, of course, less valuable because of the effects of infiation, it is nevertheless a sufficiently large sum, if used intelligently, to be of significant effect.

Because of economic stringency and an ur e for more practically relevant research, the natural ten t ency will be for the universities to economise by cutting down on expen- sive academic activity. This will inevitably deprive their staff of the confidence needed to develo new schemes for which funds have not yet become availa g le. They will also tend to redirect their activities towards those fields for which funds are now being made available. The risk is that the cumulative result of these reactions may diminish the bloom. of originality and innovation which has been such an important aspect of British universities.

The Wellcome Trust's policy is aimed at two main problems: the need to maintain flexibility for change and development in the universities and the need to select and give opportunities to men of the highest quality to develop their original ideas. Since the war, the universities have been well funded and able to grow and develop. The overall economies that they are being forced to make might be relatively simple to achieve if it were not for the fact that most of their budget is tied up in a departmental and tenured staff structure which has become rigid and difficult to alter. It is also probably true that over-specialisation and over- departmentalisation have developed and that much could be done to improve both research and teaching and to achieve economies by creating more joint responsibilities between autonomous departments. Indeed, it seems that while specialisation has enabled new disciplines to develop, clinical departments are now suffering because the bas~c sciences of medicine have become too remote and isolated from the clinical sphere.

9

To achieve such linkages between departments requires bridging grants to start new developments for which funds can gradually be provided by redeployment of funds over a period of time. The Wellcome Trust launched just such a scheme in January 1974 and the response is already beginning to suggest that its value is recognised. The budget for this type of development will be £500,000 for 1974-75.

The second main limb of the Trust's policy is aimed at ensuring that men of real ability should be able to develop their originality. To achieve this, a number of methods are necessary. The present system of career development for university staff can be roughly divided into three phases: (a) training and apprenticeship, (b) lectureship, (c) leader- ship and administration. During the first phase, which is up to the age of about 30, the clinician will have very little time to develop his originality. The biological scientist will have a few years more because he does not have to receive clinical training and gain experience treating patients or learning the skills of some discipline such as surgery. Let us assume that by about the age of 30 a man with research ability will have shown his mettle. At this stage he is usually appointed to a university post and therefore becomes much preoccupied with teaching his subject, a task which, if he is to do it well, will occupy a lot of his time. This inevitably lessens his opportunity to develop his ideas, and often his new appointment removes him from the facilities to which he had become used during his twenties. During this phase, he may not therefore be able to exploit to the full the talents which he has developed as a trainee. Some will of course become good lecturers and do good research, but many will find it impossible to do both well in the time available.

What has to be achieved is good teaching and good research in the universities and manifestly this is becoming increas- ingly difficult in undergraduate medical schools. The position is still fairly satisfactory in the postgraduate schools, where, in general, the teaching and clinical duties occupy relatively less time. The Wellcome Trust considers that good teaching and good research can only be combined if the two activities can be run in parallel in the same university, with at least some staff members able to devote a very high

proportion of their time to research while in a productive phase. The opportunity to do research full-time should be a privilege which is obtained by virtue of the quality of the man and his ideas. The university system must make it possible for this to be done if it is to retain the most able men.

The Wellcome Trust will extend the range of its schemes for Senior Research Fellowships in Clinical Science and increase the number of awards available, should suitable medically qualified candidates of high quality present themselves, These are for the 30-35 age group. The Trustees will be discussing with the universities a proposal to introduce a system of research leave to enable men of high quality who need more time for their research, to take sabbatical leave from teaching and clinical duties for a period of intensive research, usually in their own institution. They would then provide funds for a stand-in for the person concerned.

The University Award scheme which was created to counter the brain drain has now become defunct because the universities can no longer offer a guarantee of a future appointment. It is proposed that this scheme should be re laced by one to provide proleptic appointments in cases W g ere a specific post will become ava~lable through retirement or redeployment.

The Trustees will in future seek to ensure that, when assistance or expenses for research are provided by them, the university will give an assurance that the applicant will be given sufficient time to direct and take part in the work being supported and will, if necessary, be relieved of certain administrative duties during the tenure of the grant. In the case of equipment grants, a greater willingness to share with others will be needed in view of rising costs.

These schemes, aimed at increasing the flexibility of the universities and ensuring the development of the ideas of the most talented university staff, will be given the highest priority in, the future. These schemes are not, however, exclusive and the Trustees are prepared to consider giving assistance to combat any difficulties which the universities

may identify as inhibiting flexible redeployment of their resources or the best use of their most talented research staff. £700,000 has been budgeted for 1974-75,

In addition, the Trust will continue its substantial tropical medical research programme (£500,000 per annum) and its veterinary and comparative medicine programme (£250,000 per annum). The Trustees will also continue to provide special schemes for the development of subject areas which, in their view, require specific types of support. Thus, they will continue their schemes for Surgical Research Training Fellowships (£35,000 per annum), inter-European fellowships and collaboration grants (£125,000 per annunl) and travel grants (£40,000 per annum).

The Trustees will also continue to support and examine for future support neglected fields for which they can identify opportunities for development. Thus, they consider some further funds are needed for dermatology (£100,000 per annum will be provided) and that in the neurology and mental health field there is need for increased interdisciplinary linkages, especially between the basic sciences of biochemistry, pharmacology and physiology and mental disorders. £180,000 has been budgeted for this support in 1974-75.

The Trustees will also continue to give considerable support to the history of medicine through the Wellcome Insbtute (E300,000 per annum), the university units (£50,000 per annum), research grants (£50,000 per annum).

Details of the Trustees' policy for the'specific fields of interest are given in appropriate sections of this Report,

II GRANTS PROGRAMME

During the period under review some 625 awards were made for research, totalling E4,478,705. The chart and diagram on pages 14 and 15 show the type of p n t s awarded and the general subject areas supported. It wll be seen that capital grants for buildings .and equipment continue to represent only a small proportion of the Trust's grants (3 per cent), the emphasis being placed on the support of specific research projects by providing research assistance and expenses '(25i per cent) and personal support for individual research workers (14 per cent).

It will be noted that the allocations during the past two years are some E400,OOO less than in 1970-72 and some £1,300,000 less than in 1968-70. The result of this is that £1,000,000 has been accumulated for award in future years and has enabled the Trustees to plan for the new licy developments outlined earlier in this Report. On p e face of it, it is surprising that fewer good applications have been sub- mitted at a time when official sources of funds for research have been reduced. It is to be hoped that this is not an indication of lessened enthusiasm for research in tb universities.

6-55' m m m 1966-68 1 968-70 1970-72 Q E X g g a E E E P g g Total Allocation . . . . 2,779,732 5,780,268 4,843,645

Buildings . . Equipment . . Research Assistance

Tropical Medicine*

FeIlowships . . University Awards

History of Medicine*

Veterinary Medicine

Other Groups . .

INTERDISCIPLINARY LINKAGE

In their Report for 1970-72, the Trustees announced a new scheme to provide interdisciplinary linked fellowships, enabling research workers in the basic sciences to work on clinical problems while stilI retaining status in their subject department. During the period under review five such awards have been made.

When the Trustees met in October 1973 they discussed the possibility of extending this scheme. They decided to offer grants of five years' duration to medical schools wishing to initiate new interdisciplinary projects. These grants are awarded on condition that the medical school undertakes to take over support of the new development by redeploying its budget. A memorandum was circulated to the medical schools early in 1974 and the initial response has been encouraging. The first award of this kind was made to Pro- fessors Dewhurst and Sandler of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, London, to establish a senior lectureship in pharmacology applied to obstetrics and gynaecology.

INTERDISCIPLINARY PROJECT

Professor C. J. Dewhurst, Department of Chemical Pathology, and Professor M. Sandler, Department of Obstetrics, Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, London: Grant to provide a Senior Lectureship and research assistance for five years, for an interdisciplinary programme of pharmacological research in the mother, foetus and newborn infant,

INTERDISCIPLINARY LINKED FELLOWSHIPS

Mr. D. E. BwleIgb, Department of PWcology , London Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital: Linked fellowship for three years, to undertake a pharmacological investigation of the human internal anal sphincter.

Mr. R. A. Hardson, Repartmeat of Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical Sdml, Landon, aml Department of Blochemistry, 1mperia.CoIlege of Science a d Tedmology, M o o : L i e d fellowship for three years, to study the immunochemistry of complement,

Dr. S. Leeman, Department of Medical PWc8 nod D e p k s t of D4pwtk Radiology, Royd Postgraduate Medical !School, Loldon. Linked fellowship for three years, to use and develop ultrasonic techniqu*~ in diagnostic medicine.

Mr. M. L. Lum, Deparfment of ChemMry nod De#mbmtof ~ S c & a c u , University of Bi-, nad N-1 lnteabl Unft, l jbkl&m CerrrJ. Hospital: Linked fellowship for three years, to study the clinical and biologkd aspects of the jejunal mucosa acid microclimate.

Mr. J. C. McGrath, Department of P I m m a c o ~ and D e m of- University of Glasgow: Liked fellowship for two years, to study changes of activities of the autonomic nervous system during anaesthesia.

Total alloatiw f9f.150

CLINICAL SCIENCES

During 1972-74 a total of £944,084 was awarded for research in the clinical sciences. These awards are listed by subject area in the following pages, together with notes on policy in certain fields,

Anaesthesia RESEARCH TRAININ0 SCHOLARSHIP

One award was made to a junior postgraduate ~escarch worker for furtbct research training.

GRANT FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCB

Professor M. K. Sykea, Ihmimnt of Ane- Royal hdmdtmte lliledifll Sebool, London: Research expenses for one year, to study the &e~t of anaesthetic agents on the pulmonary circulation.

Total al1ocaiiox a125

17

Cardiology WELLCOME SENIOR FELLOWSHIP IN CLINICAL SCIENCE

Dr. A. E Rickards, Cardiothoracie Institute, London: Senior Clinical Fellowship for five years, to study the haemodynamic abnormalities associated with myocardial ischaemia.

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Dr. D. A. S. G. Mary, Cardiovascular Unit, Department of Physiology, University of m: Fellowship for two years, to study atrial receptors and histology in heart failure.

GRANT FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE

Dr. A. F. Rogers, Department of Physiology, University of Bristol: Research expenses for one month, to study blood pressure in the foetus,

Total allocation: £36,225

Dentistry CAPITAL GRANT FOR BUILDING

Profaor A. J. Darling, Dental Schlool, University of Bristol: Supplementary grant to meet increased building costs of a new research laboratory.


Dr. A. E. Dolby, Department of Oral Medicine arul Oral Pathology, Welsb National School of Medicine, Cardiff: Research expenses for one year, to study aetiological mechanisms of oral lichen planus.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Symposium on clinical and physiological aspects of mastication, London, April 1975.

GRANT IN AID OF PUBLICATION

Dr. J. D. HIurison, Dental School, King's Conege Hospital, London: Cost of colour illustrations to two articles on the histochemistry of the salivary glands in man and the cat, Hisfochemical Journal.

Total allocation : £9.147

Dermatology

In March 1973 the Trustees held a meeting to review the (

progress of their support for research in dermato1oe;y. The participants at this meeting indicated that the initiative of the Trust in this field had created a new climate where scientific research had begun to succeed Linnaean observa- tion. They also considered that the Trust should maintain its initiative for a few more years until the higher standards attained could attract funds now available from the M.RC.

The Trustees have provided three research training fellowships in the past two years, but have now discontinued this scheme in view of the M.R.C.'s expressed interest in fostering this type of training.

The creation of a satisfactory career structure in derma- tological research remains vital. To this end, the Trustees have provided support towards the establishment of new academic Consultant Lecturer posts in dermatology in the Departments of Medicine at Bristol and Cardiff. The Trustees hope that their policy of encouraging academic posts in dermatology within depatments of medicine will prove particularly fruitful.

The Trustees were glad to note the recognition of dermatology as a department at St. Thornas's Hospital, where support has also been given, and the successful inauguration of a research department at St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington.

Professor S, Shuster has continued his work in Newcastle on psoriasis and acne. He has reported encouraging results from investigations into hormonal factors controlling =bum secretion and from his research into epidermal gowth factor. Dr. Edna Laurence at Birkbeck College also engaged in a physiological study of the inhibition of d replacement in normal epidermis. She is undertaking collaborative studies with Professor 0. Braun-Falco and Dr. Christophers of the Department of Dermatology in Munich.

UNIVERSITY AWARD

Dr. J. P. D. Mouase.y, Department of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medidoe, CllrditT: University Award to supplement Dr. R. Marks' salary to Senior Lecturer level for three years, to study epidermal growth.

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

Dr. J. D. Boxtey, Institute of Dermatology, London: Wellcome Research Training Fellowship in Dermatology for three years, to study the role of immunology in dermatology.

Dr. F. i!Hdander, InstiMe of Dermatology, London: Wellcome Research Training Fellowship in Dermatology for one year, to study the role of small blood vessels in the formation of granulomatous foci in the d e d s , and correlation of angioblastic activity with the proliferative response in the overlying epidermis.

Dr. A. G. Smith, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle: Wellcome Research Training Fellowship in Dermatology for three years, to study the physiology of melanocyte stimulating hgrmone,

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE

Dr. E. B. hwence, hlitosis Resesrcb Laboratory, BIrkbeck College, London: Research assistance for six months, to study epidermal chalone.

Dr. E. B. Laurence, Mitosis Research Laboratory, Bkkbeck College, London: Research assistance for three years, to undertake a physiological study of the inhibition of cell replacement in normal epidermis,

Dr. R, Mark., Deparhnent of Medicine, Welsh National School of Medicine, Candlff: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study the growth and metabolism of the epidermis in the ichthyotic disorders.

Professor I. H. Mills, Deparbnent of Investigative Mdclne, University of CambrMee: ~esearciassistane. for six months, to undertake endocrine studies in a special group of depressed women with late onset of hirsutism or acne.

Dr. P. F. D. Naylor, Department of Dermatology, St. Thornas's Hospital, London:

i Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study the localisation and development of skin lesions.

Dr. J. Picton-Thomas, Medical Unit, Welsh Natiwal School of Medicine, CardW. Research assistance and expenses for two years, to continue a study of testos- terone metabolism in relation to growth of body hair.

20

Dr. T. W. E. Robbm, Departmeat of DMaatOlogy. Ud&& m m London: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study hapa, simprat v i m using mouse skin as an experimental model.

Professor S. Shuster, Department of Dermatology, U~~ d N d : Research assistance for one year, to continue a study of the cam of scbocrhoca in acne.

Total aUoc8tim: E85.831

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Professor A. G. E. Pearse, D e p a m of Pathdogy, Royal. Ns&rl School, London: Contribution towards the purchase of an ekctron rnieroscopt, to skrdy eado- crine polypeptide cytochemistry.

WELLCOME SENIOR FELLOWSHIPS IN CLINICAL SCiENCB

Dr. D. C. Evered, Department of Medldw, U d d & of W*: Senior Clinical Feiiowship for a further year, to continue a t a d i m ~ study of thyroid hormones and their clinical applications.

Dr. J. C. MarshaU, Department of M d c b Uf of Birmiagbrm: Senior Clinical Fellowship for one year, to develop methods for the mtasuinmnt of physiological amounts of biologically active hypothalamic nleashg h- in body fluids.

Dr. B. Tulloch, Department of Mddne, Rofi -b abdr . .

London: Senior Clinical Fellowship for a further year, to continue a study of a d i p tissue metabolism in diabetes.

RESEARCH TRAINING FELLOWSHIP

Dr. R. E. Silman, Middlesex Hospital, W: Deparboad d

study the nahue and role of melanocyte-stimulating hormone in human pngnWancy

RESEARCH .TRAINING SCHOLARSHIP

One award was made to a junior postgraduate m r c h worlw for furtkr research training.

21

Two vacation scholarships were awarded.


Dr G. M. Besser, Medical Professorjal Unit, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London: Research assistance for one year, to develop a cytochemical method for the bioassay of hypothalamic regulatory hormones.

Dr. A. W, Cuthbert, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study factors involved in the functional differentiation of mitochondria in adrenal cortical cells.

Dr. D. C. Evered, Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle: Research assistance, expenses and equipment for three years, to study feedback control of Ihyrotrophin secretion and peripheral metabolism of the thyroid hormones.

Professor R. Fraser, Endocrine Unit, Royal Postgraduate MedlcaI School, London: Research assistance for one year, to use honnone assays in the assessment of treatment of pituitary diseases.

Pmf- V. H, T. James, Department of Chemical Pathology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Loadon: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study the nature of the Cl@ steroids produced by the human ovary, and an examination of mechanisms controlling their secretion.

Dr. J. S. Jenldas, Medlcal Unit, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study the brain pathways concerned in the regulation of adrenocortical activity in man;

Professor A. J. P. M e , School of Molecular !Sciences, University of Sussex: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study the purification and characterisation of insulin releasing pofypeptide.

Dr. J. L. H. O'Riordan, Department of Medicine, Middlesex Hospifal, London: Research assistancc for two years, to study the role of metabolites of vitamin D in man, using protein binding assays,

Dr. K. W. Taylor, School of Bidogical Sciences, Unfvedty of Sussex: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study the effects of Coxsackie viruses on the function of the islets of Langerhans.

Rof- K. W. Walton, bpanment of Experimental Pathology, University of Bhariluhn: ~ m - h expenses for three years, to study the nature and significance of long acting thyroid stimulator RATS) and L A B protector in human thyrotoxicosis.

Symposium on thyroid disorders, Dunedin, New Zealand, October 1973.

Total allocation: f86,879

Gastroenterology

In the Trustees' Report for 1970-72, reference was made to the grant awarded to Professors C. F. McCarthy, B. McNicholl and P. Fottrell of University College, Galway, for their studies in coeliac disease. In October 1973, the Trustees held a meeting to review the progress of their support of research into this condition. It appears that it is a very difficult technical task to fractionate gl~adin mixtures to obtain a toxic factor in sufficient quantity to do feeding tests. There is no animal model, and therefore toxicity tests have to be carried out in cases in remission. Professor Fottrell said that it is difficult to find conclusive evidence for the missing peptidase theory. Dr. J. Phelan of Oalway considered that it is possible that the protein of gliadh is toxic only if carbohydrate is bound to it. Other participants at the meeting, who were receiving support from the Trust, considered the immunological mechanisms in the p a w genesis of coeliac disease, and its relationship with dermatitis herpetiformis.


Dr. D. Owens, Departraent of M&&, UnivpdW of U*-l: Fellowship for two years, to undertake ktnet~c s t u d r ~ of bilirubin d d h m .

Dr. J. Pyrovolakls, Corinthos General Hospital, Greece: DepartmeDt of- ~ o ~ a l FA Hospital, London: Fellowship for one year, to study the effect of clofibrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in expsimental biliary obstruction.

RESEARCH TRAlNlNG SCHOLARSHIPS

Four awards were made to junior postgraduate research wotkm for furlbcr research training. 23

Dr. A. M. Dawson, Department of Gastroenterology, St. Battholornew's Hospital, London: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study the derangement of sex hormone metabolism in chronic liver disease and chronic nutritional deficiency states.

Dr. A. P. DowLs, Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle: Research expenses for two years, to study mucoprotein and mucolipid composition and synthesis in normal and abnormal intestinal mucosa.

Dr. J. T. Harries, Institute of Child Health, London: Research assistance for two years, to undertake the clinical investigation of the role of disturbed bile salt metabolism in the pathogenesis of certain chronic diarrhoea1 states of infancy and childhood; and an investigation of the presence of associated extra-intestinal lesions.

Dr. C. E. Sladen, Academic Division of Medicine, University of Shemefield: Research assistance for fifteen months, to study water and electrolyte absorption in the animal and human jejunum.

Dr. G. E. Sladm, Academic DIvision of Medicine, University of Sheffield: Research assistance and equipment for three years, to study the role of mucosal adenosyl cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in the regulation of intestinal transport of fluid and ions.

Professor R. A. Wrighi, Department of Medicine, University of Southampfon: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study immunological abnormalities in coeliac disease.

Total allocation: E78,358

Haematology UNIVERSITY AWARD

Professor A. S. Douglas, Department of Medicine, University of Aberdeen: University A~wrd to supplement Dr. N. B. Bennett's salary for five years, to study the relationship between the procoagulant and antignic properties of factor VIII.


Dr. S. M. Lcris, Department of Haematology, Royal Postgraduate Medical Scbool, London: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study erythroid cell structure in dyserythropoietic anaemias. '

London: Research assistance and expenses for lhrec years, to study the s i g a b ~ e and cause of abnormalities in vitamin B6 metabolism of erythrocyt#.

Professor D. L. MoUin, Department of Haematology, St. -*S Lnrdon: Research assistance for a further four months, to study the relationship betmtn 2-3 diphasphoglycerate (DPG) and pyridoxine metabolism in the red cell.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Meeting of the International Society of Haematology, London, August 1975.

Total a110cation: £35,696

Mental Disorders

The Trustees held a meeting in October 1973 in order to explore possibilities of fostering closer coUaboration between the basic sciences of pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry, neuropsychology and clinical studies of the nervous system. It was generally agreed that new ideas are needed in approaching research into mentai disorders and that full use should be made of trained people already in the field, either by relieving them of some of their routine work or by giving them a period of sabbatical leave. The need to encourage recruits to neuropa&ology was empha- sized.

The Trustees have selected two fields, neuropsychopharma- cology and neurobiochemistry, in which they hope to encourage increased research into mental disorders. With this in mind, the Trustees are offering two competitive awards in 1974-75. of up to £50,000 ~ ~- each, for the support of suitable prograxxknes i-n these fields.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Dr. A. A. B. Badawy, Addiction Unit Researrh Idbodrp , wtdacb H@- Cardiff: Grant to purchase equipment and to provide -h -pm= to study the oossible involvement of disturbed tryptophan mdab0I'm in the w t i o m of bood disorders in porphyria.

VACATION SCHOLARSHIP

One vacation scholarship was awarded.


Professor C. E Dent, Medical Unit, University College Hwpltal Medlcal School, London: Research assistance, expenses and equipment for three years, to apply high pressure liquid chromatography to astudy of inherited biochemicalabnormalities.

Dr. D. KeIly, Department of PsychoIogy, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Low(011: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study limbic leucotomy, and to undertake a further physiological, psychological and endocrine evaluation of its effects in schizophrenia and obsessional neurosis.


Metabolic Disorders

There have been three main developments into research in vitamin D metabolism in recent years. Firstly, several metabolites of vitamin D have been identified which have greater biological activity than the parent compound. Secondly, the long term administration of enzyme inducing agents (e.g. anti-epileptics) has been shown to alter the rate of vitamin D metabolism. Thirdly, a new hypothesis of the relationship between vitamin D and parathyroid hormone has been proposed.

Although the Trustees have never laid down a definite policy towards their support of work on vitamin D, it will be seen that they have supported research which has contributed to the development of these new ideas.

Grants have been made largely on the basis of selecting established centres of excellence or helping younger men to establish their research careers in the field of vitamin D metabolism. Two examples are given below.

A project on primate skeletal disease has recently been supported at the Nuffield Institute of Comparative Medicine

at the London Zoo. This comparative study is already providing valuable information in our understanding of the role of vitamin D.

Dr. T. C. B. Stamp, who held a Wellcome Research Fellow- ship, with Professor C. E. Dent at University College Hospital, has been awarded the Prix And& Lichtwitz by the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) for his research into calcium metabolism. Dr. Stamp has now left University College Hospital and has taken uo a post as Consultant Physician and Senior Lecturer .a

at the ~Gstaute of Orthopaedics,

During the past seven years, the Trust has provided grants of approximately £75,000 towards the establishment of the Endocrine Unit at Hammersmith Hospital where much of the work is concerned with calcitonin.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

~ n , f e s ~ , r ~ . h m o l ~ l l r - W s W " I W school, LOINIOU:

Grant towards the cost of a Hcwlett-Packad Model 30 Calculator Systan, to undertake various projects conwming metabolic di.

RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIP

One award was made to a junior postgraduate research worker for furtkZ research training.



GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND -1SI.ANCE

Dr. A. BeIolC(h14 Bpuaat of BfodrembtW, and Technology, London: Rwarch assistance and expem for one y a to s t v d ~ ~ m t k a function in obese mice.

Dr. A. &bff=cb.h Department of m d and Technology, Londm: Research assistance and expews for one year, to study fatQ acid syn- in normal h d genetically obeso mice.

ulsoraers 01 acid-base balance.

Dr. J. M. PO- Department of A&mal Phfr[oW and Nutritio* Ualversity of LesdP: Raurch assistance and expenses for three years, to nudy the comlatbn between hypothalamic control of feeding and hormone secretion.

Dr. D. A, Hems, Department of Blabrmbtry, Imperial College of Science ud Techm1ogy, Loadon: Research assistance for six months, to study the control of fatty acid synthesis in the liver of normal mice.

Dr. R. Smith, NUTield Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of M o d : Research assistance and expenses for one year, to continue clinical and biochemical studies of vitamin D metabolism.

Professor J. C. Waterlow, Department of H u m N u M W Land08 -1 of Hysieae and Tropical Medicine: Research assistance for five months, to study muscle protein metabolism.

Professor V. W w , Alexander Simpran Laboratory for MetiWSc R-cb, St. MW's Hwpftal, London: - ~esearch assistance for one year, to study the metabolii effects of oral contra- ceptives,, with special reference I0 its influence on vitamin Bs me&boim, the metabolrrm of tryptophan and the causation of depresion and other chanm in mood.


Neurology UNIVERSITY AWARD

Dr. J. BMey, Indltute of Psychiatry, London: University Award to provide personal support for Dr. B. S. Meldrym for three years, and rewareh assistance for two years, to undertake research into epilepsy.


One award was made to a junior pongraduate research worker for further research training.

I VACATION SCHOLARSHIP


28

surrey: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to compltte the analysis of foodstutrs considered as precipitants of migraine h e a w .

Dr. B. A. Cross, A.R.C. Iastitute of Animal Pbysiobkg, CombriQge: Research assistance and expenses for three yesrs, to study the namnal basis for hypothalamic control of gonadotwphin and thyrotrophin sxrcti011.

Dr. H. J. Crow, Burden Neurdogcal Institute, IMstd: Research expenses for eight months, to study the relationship of the m o w synaptic reflexes and the electroencephalogram in normal subjects and patients.

Professor A. N. Dnvjswt, Wtute of Neundogy, - Grant to continue the payment of rent of temporary accommodation for e i g h t n months and to provide research assistance for one ycar, for studits to correlate biochemical parameters with histology in some mental and ncum- logical disorders.

Dr. G. EttUager, Institute of PsyJllntrJr, Loadon: Research expenses for two years, to study the effect of epileptogdc

on

the patterns-of cell response to visual stimuli.

Professor W. Feldberg, National In&We for Medical R- -2 Research assistance for one year to study vasomotor control from the ventral surface of the brain stem.

Dr. 0. Holmeo, Departm~t of Annesthetie$, Row1 P w t m t e Medldl Sebml, London: Research assistance for two years, to study aspects of the electrical activity of central nervous StrUCtWeS.

Dr. R J. Mayer, Department of Bloc-, University of N-: Research assistance and expenses for three y m , to study the turn- of monoamine oxidase with implications for migraine.

Dr. G. stem, Depart-t of Medkd Physics, iJdVew WIlL H y . L London : Research assistance for one year, to develop teEhniqum to ntcnd the standing of physiological disturbances occurring in Parkinsonism

Dr. P. K. The-, Dew-t of Neutology, Roysl1E"rre H e m Research assistance and expensea far thne yew, to u n m studies. predominantly in the experimental, pathology of ptriphed ~~, and the ne~~omuscular system.

Professor P. D. Wall, D e w a t of -tomy, U&& CO- Ldaa: Research assistance, expenscs and equipment for two yea^, to study h i p p campal function.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT Ophthalmol0gy

The Trust has continued to support ~llaborative &udies by Third Intemationd Congress on Muscle Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, Professors Ashton and Bame Jones of the Institute of September 1974. Ophthalmology and Professor Doller~ of the Royal Posta

graduate Medical School. Their main interests are in Vascu- lar disorders of the choroid and retina, p a ~ d r l ~ diabetic

Total allocation: f 159,160 retinopathy. Members of the group are studying the q-ti- tative physiology of the retina1 and chorola circ*tion,

Obstetrics and Gynaecology and the ocular pharmacology of vasodilators and papa- verine; the mechanisms of retina1 Venous ~cclusion and

In their last Report, the Trustees indicated that they capillary destruction; the possibility that a specific vase- wished to encourage research in obstetrics and gynaecology fornative factor may be present m certain ~ a t h o l o g ~ ~ ~ ~ by the annual provision of two Wellcome Research Training ocular conditions; and the v a d a r component of de Fellowships in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. However, in its macular degenerative changes* Report for 1972-1973, the Medical Research Council announced that it had a responsibility to help maintain the required research capability in all disciplines contributing RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIP to bio-medical research, and wished to encourage an increase in the number of active and fully trained investigators in one award was made to a junior postgraduate -h work= furthU'

certain disciplines, including obstetrics and ~naecology. research training.

The Trustees therefore decided to discontinue the provision of these awards. GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANm

pr~f-r N. ~shton, ~[astft~te of OPn-olog~ m RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP ~)ouery, De-ept of -fa1 m m 1 - R@ Poetsrrcibrts

school, a& professor B R* Jones, M- Eye H e ~~~~h msistanw for three years, for a collaborative pro- into ophthalmic aspects of systemic dis-

Wellcome Training Fellowship in Obstet~rn and ~~~~~l~~ for lwo years, to study the role of prostaglandins of the E and F groups in human reproductive physiology. prof-r E. S. lnstftute of W-*

~~~~~h assistance, expenses and equipment for t m Y w s to th rate

of prostaglandins in ocular inflammation* GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE

D. V* I* pahatbrg Department of Obtetricp a d ~ m ~ ~ l ~ , university College H~~pi ta l Medical School, woo: Total allocation: E109,974 R-h PUstance 'WO Ymn, to study plasma proprterone and plasma oestradiol as indices of feto-placenta] function,

Prof- D* V* I* Fheatber, Department of 0bstMim G-lgy, Orthopaedics

udvemi?y college HosPrtal Medlfal Sew, m: R-rCh arristana and =PensCS for two further yeam, for metabolic and RESEARCH EQUpMENT Other studies of the liquor amnii throughout pregnancy.

Ih: M. W. El~es, llI&tpte of 0-c% F: Grant towards the cost of purchasing a py-tome forultrasmwstudig Of

Total allocation: f 20.604 wound healing.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE rnf& V. D&OWI&, ~epwtment of chW p- school, London:

Ih: A, U. Smfth, H t a t e of Orthopaedics, hLondon: ReKarch assistan*, e x p m and equipment for five Y-9 to study ltesearch ~ i s t a n c e and ex~enses for one year, to continue a study of the in and respiratory rneasUell'Ien~ wbom and 'lder incidence and deveIopment of congenital osteoaRhritis in mice.

SYMPOSIUM REPORT p r o f w L. B* StrPng, Demerit of -- - -

for six months, to continue studies on hyaline wmbraae S~mposium On normal and osteoarthritic cartilage, London, Novw\ber 1973, disease in infants.

DC. P, A, Drab, DepPrtment of ~ ~ M c TotaI altofation: E6.160

in childhood S~di0SiS. Paediatrics

In the past few years, great advances have been made in TOM altocation: f58.580 the investigation of sick children and especially in the field of monatal paediatrics. When Professor Peter Tizard directed the Neonatal Unit at Hammersmith Hospital, the lbdl010gy Trust provided support for his studies in hyaline membrane disease and problems of prematurity and cerebral anoxia, RESWRCH TRAINING SCHOLARsH~p The Trustees have continued to support the Neonatal Unit at Ihmmersmith Hospital under its new Director, Professor one award was made to a jllnior postgraduate research for

V* Dubowitz, in his studies of methods leading to better research training.

undersanding of the problems of intensive care, and GRANT FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND development of techniques for diagnosis and treatment, The main field of work is in the study of methods for p,,,fessor R. E. Steiner, D e m m t of WC curate measurement of the premature infant's blood gases grahate ~ e i l f c d School, Londan: and respiratory functions. R-J,

and ape- for on^ year. to study t a n t a l ~ ~ n c b ~ h Y in its aPPliC8tion to problems of bronchial ~ b ~ s i o l o w and patholoW'

WELLCOME SENIOR FELLOWSHIP IN CLINICAL SCIENCE ~ o t a t docation: f t 1,510

Dr. D* BarlWp, Paediatric Unit, st. Mary's ~mpitpi Medla le l , Senior Clinical Fellowship for One year to continue an investigation of lead poisoning in children.

Respiratory D h f den GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE

Dr* TO M- Bamtt, Institute of Child Health, Lob: GRANT FOR WEARCH EXPENSES ASSmANCE

Research assistance for three months, to study urinary calculi in children, p, - f o r ~ t o r y ~ - O Q ! U ~ ~ ~ - : R-rch BSsb- for t m years, to d ~ l o p d l e @ m OUI using simulation techniqw.

assistance for one YW, to undertake the isolation of a u~oqeptjvc from human ~ l a r ~ n a effective in the treatment of patients with muco-

polysaccharidoses. ~ o t d docation: f 15171

In their Ninth Report, the Trustees referred to the difficulties facing the young surgeon who wishes to devote some time to research, and they outlined their reasons for establishing Wellcome Research Fellowships in Surgery. Ten such awards have been made since the scheme was started. Reports received from the Fellows show that the aims of the various investigations have been achieved, and the investigators are receiving a good grounding in research methods, while maintaining their clinical experience.

WELLCOME SENIOR FELLOWSHIP IN CLINICAL SCIENCE

Mr. D. N. H. Hamilton, Department of Surgery, Univedty of GIasgow: Senior Clinical Fellowship for five years, to study human tumour immunology.


Mr. H. A. Crockard, Royai Victoria Hospital, Belfast: Institute of Neurology, LoDd08: Wellcome Raearch Fellowship in Surgery for one year, to study primate brain ischaemia

f i e L B- FiWh DeWU'tmnt of Surgery, Royal Postgraduate Medical Sebwl, Loldoa: Wellcome Research Fellowship in Surgery for up to two years, to study problems of cutaneous blood supply in the diabetic foot.

Dr. J. Fegmon, Department of Surgew, Royal Victoria Infinoary, NewWe: Wellcome Research Fellowship in Surgery for one year, to study the preservation and transplantation of micro-dissected islets of Langerhans in the guinea pig.

P m f m r A. P. M. Forrest, Departincut of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh: Special fellowship for five yeam, to study the interactions between inhibitors of gastric secretion.

D- G. Hardy, Department of Neurmugery, London Hospital Medial College: ell& Research Fellowship in Surgery for one year, to study the role of intravarular changes in the initiation of cerebral infarction, and the relationship between microcirculatory failure and nemnal survival during temporary ischaemia.

Mr. R. J. Mackenzie, Department of Surgery, Royal Inhmry , Glugow: Wellcome Research Fellowship in Surgery for two years, to study the metabolic changes in liver injuries.

Mr. A. Mmo, Department of Surgery, U n f d w of Akrdeeo: Wellcome Research Fellowship in Surgery for two years, to study p&* with +-id r e fe ree to its immunological aspects and CO- with - t i ~ ".------- - procto colitis and Crohn's disease.

Mr. P. D. Wrigbt, Department of Surgery* UdvemW of Nerreostle: Wellcome Research Fellowship in Surgery for one year, to c 0 n l - h ~ ~ a

ol

biochemical reactions to sur&d trauma.


Professor R. Y. Calne, Department of S-, U d d W of CumkidpCc: Research assistance and expenses for six months, to shtdy -t ttchniqucD concerning monitoring and surgical perfusion of 0-0

Professor H. Dudley, Snrgid Unit, St. Maey's Ho@& Londoar: Research assistance and expenses for one m, to study the i n f i ~ ~ a of tb liver on the genesis of post traumatic pulmonary h&kkUcy.

Bristol: Research assistance, expenses and equipmen! for three y ~ , to study ara brospinal fluid production and absorption, mm. ado~coplc t-

Pmfarw I. E. Hughes, Department of Smg4, Welsh N & d *

Medicine, m. R h assistance and expenses for one yrar, to undertake a pn- strdy of diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon.

Dr. M. Inhg, ProIasaLl Swgicll Unit, St. -'S H d a School, Loadon: Research assistance and expenses for two yrars, to undo* c~tccho- assays in conditions of injury.

Total allocation: Eln,337

UNIVERSITY AWARD

Dr. 3. S. Camem, Departn~at of Md-, WS HoJpitnl M d d 8d*L tondon: University Award for five YM, to study the pathosnai. . ~ d aetid0ey of glomerulonephritis.

Total allocation: E35044 35

Vascular Diseases RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Dr. M Harper, Wellcome Surgical Research Institutey Udrerslty of Glasgow: Grant to purchase equipment, to study the effect of drug on calibre of the pia1 vessels of the brain,

GRANT IN ALD OF PUBLICATION

Pmf- 3. B. l)ltguld, Aberdeen: Grant to enable him to publish a monograph on atherosclerosis,

Total allocation: fS,S35

BASIC SCIENCES

During 1972-74 the Trustees have allocated E78 1,550 to the support of research in the basic sciences. In thus providing 174 per cent of their allocations to these areas, they have continued to show their recognition of the importance of basic scientific knowledge to the problems of medicine. Furthermore, they consider that these sciences will only be able to make their maximum contribution to medicine if a sufficient proportion of research is undertaken on fundamental questions.

Anatomy RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIpS

Two awards were made to junior postgraduate research workers for further research training.

VACATION SCHOLARSHIPS

Three vacation scholarships were awarded.

G ~ ~ N l S FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANS

Professor R. BM( Department of Humm Biology and Altomyy Uaiwmity of !3hemd: RpCprrh wistance and expenses for one year, for a quantitative ultra-stmdunl and qstwhemical investigation into the development of motor nerve d l s in the SPM cord.

Professor D. Chapmm Mwtment of Ched~W, U- of -0 Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study membrane stnvtun and function.

Professor J. Z, Young, De-tYIt of h t ~ ~ , U d ~ d Research assistance and expenses for fifteen months, to shrdy the b i d d d basis for learning and memory in the octopus.

Professor J. Z. Yom& I k m t of W&, Udv& Collegt, Cda: Research assistance for two years, to undertake combi i p m - and electron microscopical studies of the innervation of the gut.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Symposium on "The Dynamic Stmcture of the PI- Membrane",

Total allocation: W237

Biochemistry (General)

CAPITAL GRANTS FOR BUILDWGS

Professor P. 3. W e , Depprtmwt of ~~, ude.Q of M Cost of laboratory conveRom for b i d e m i d stuLes m IS

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Dr. R. L. Richards, Demerit of B i d e , U d t m of Wad: Grant to purchase data-processing cquipmat for a nuclem 4 s m snectrometer. to study molecuIar interactions of small molauits with entymes, carrier proteks and &l1 surfaces.

RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIPS

Four awards were made to junior postgraduate rrrarh WO- f ~ r fhn*r research training.


Four vacation scholarships wen: awarded.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES ANI) ASSISTANa

Dr. A. Bennett, Depactmed of Surger~, -8 Cal*g H- m Condm: Restkrch assistance and expnwr for thro yt.rr to study p m s v 6th respect to normal and abnormal gut activity.

37

SYMPOSIUM SUP PORT

Ninth lntemational Congmss of BiochemisUy, S t d 0 l r n , ''Y 19733.

Allocation: f 115,775 Bmdf* b m e n t of Bioehe&try, Imperial College of Science

Technology, London: RcrmUEh wistanm and e x B w for three years, to study the biochemistry of synaptic Processes occurring in isolated nerve terminals and in tissue carbohydrate Bioched@Y

Dr. M- J* Co-k~ Demerit of Biol~gicaI Sciences, Polytechnic of W01mhampton: R-h asistanQ% exprnses and equipment for thre y m , to study the

of intatinat rniao~eroxisomes with s p ~ i a l mfcEnce to factors ifiuencing lipid and cholesterol synthesis.

h- m Demerit of Biochemistry, University of embridge: R-ch asistance and expvlxs for S ~ X months, to study the biochemistry bacterial sporulation. SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Dr. P* Department of Chcmke, University of Reading: carbohydrate Group of the ~ i o c h e ~ ~ * l Raroreh assistan= and eX&nSf% for one y w , to study the comlation of ~ ~ t i n g on imm~no-direction* polymer structure with activity against the pathogenic effects of silica,

AtfCWb: D* m * e n t of Applied Bhchernfstry and Nutrition, udVemjty

of NoMngham: Resmrch asistanm and expenses for two years, to study uric acid synthais, Enzyme ~iochemisbY &of- A* Nmbergert Department of ~ i o c b a n m , mfhg crrm Hospita] Medid School, Loadon: RESEARCH TRAINING S C H O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study awts of porphylin

Four awar& made to junior P O ~ ~ W ~ ~ ~ 'Or funba

training.

VACATION SCHOLARSH~P

One vacation scholarship was awarded'

GRAMS FOR RESEARCH Am

D* F* '-9 AnR*C MtUte of h 1 Physioio~, h b r i d g e : assisfan= and expenses for one year, to study the metabolism of cmCMd, ~pwtmomt of ~ - 4 9 UddhdU"P*:

biogenic ~ ~ n e s in aggressive &haviour, asistmIE and expnsa for two yam, to study the isO1atiOn md

purifi=tion of intestinal kalliksin. Smer* De~r tmmt of Bioehemhy, ~ n f v e d ~ , M jddleRx :

usktanea for one Yar, to ~ N d y the biological imponance of fioresso1: H, N. Rydn, m-at h asGSt811Ee for six man*, to study

applis.'iOn Of

estemcr, in particular cholinateW, medicine' " '* f i m t of Medfd Bbchemisby, University of M ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~ :

One y w , to study the possible role of sulphafed prolso- Allocati011: Ez0t542 gym in formation a d properties of a n i ~ l a r collagen.


One award was made to a junior postgraduate research worker for further research training.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Third International Catecholamine Symposium, Strasbourg, May 1973. l

Allocation: f 2,247

Lipid Biochemistry RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIP

One award was made to a junior postgaduatc research worker for further research training.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENS= AND ASSISTANCE

R* R* Dent% Dewhneat of Biochemfsky, Udvemlty of Bristol: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study the role of long chain fatty acyl CoA in the hormonal regulation of fat synthesis.

Dr. L* Darmsnd~, Department of Chemical Pathdogy, Whfttkf m Hospit~l, Loadon: Re~eafch assistance for one year, to study lipid autoridation in biological material.

h G. L Courtadd Imthlte of Biochemistry, Middlesex Hospital Medical S&oOI, London: Rauirch assistance and expenses for two years, to study familial hyperbeta- lipoproteinaemia.

Dr. M. F. OUver, Department of Cardtdogy, Unlmity of E d l a m : Research exPnSn and assistance for one ycar, to study lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the myocardium.

Dr. M. F. Olirer, Department of Medicine, UUvedty of Edinburgh: Research assistance and expenses for one year and eight months, to study the relationship between free fatty acid metabolism and mymardial metabolism during acute ischaemia and infarction.

Allocation: f44,634 40

RESEARCH 'TRAINING SCHOLARSHIP

One award was made to a juuior postgradu~tc rcsac~h workc~ f w f d research training.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSImANCE

professor S, V, P m , Jleparhmf of BiodmbW, .I v: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study the relation of primary structure to the function of troponin T,

Dr. K. 3, R o g m A&c Dirisi~n of Medi* ud~dtp Research twsistanro and apmvs for Uvro y m , to study the

in the

sensitivity of ne~ro-transmitt~ reccptors in the brain; associatiom with sydis nucleotide metabolism.

Professor 3. C. Waterlow, De-t of HWMU Nubitloo, W WI* of Hygtene and Tropical Mddne: Research assistance for one year, to undertake tha measumnmt of tum- rates of specific proteins in muscle.

Allocation: E.aP128

Steroid Biochemistry


Professor I. H. MUII, Deprlment of I m m t i v e ~ d k k , U~VU'& af Cambridge: Re.search assistance for six months, to study Uu rcrtettcrpme @MY in steroidogmesis in endocrine tissue.

Allocation: Q534

Total allocation for Bioehemidry: Q13.010

Biophysics


Dr. C. I. Cematt, Deprbmt oZ CbdskY, UdvdtJr of Research assistans. and expnacr for one W, to smdy the state of of insulin in serum. 41

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Fifth International Biophysics Congress, Copenhagen, Aug~st 1975.

Total allocation: $4,932

Epidemiology SYMX'OSIUM REPORT

Symposium of the international Epidemiological Association, Univenity of Sussex, August 1974.

Total allocation: E750

Genetics UNIVERSITY AWARD

Dr. J. P. D. M O , Welsh National Srbml of Medicine, Cud& University Award to supplement Dr. P. S. Harper's salary to Senior k t m r level and to provide research assistance for three years, to study inborn emon of metabolism.




D* h ~ r t m e n t of HUU. Genetics, unfrdly of Newcagtle: Research asistame and exWns= for one year, to study genetic factors in gastro-intestinal disorders.

Total allocation: E1 5,605 42

One award was made to a junior postgraduate mearch worker for further research training.



Total allocation: f3.635

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

lulelmto1ogy, L@ndon: Grant to purchase a liquid scintillation spectrophotomM, to sWdy tbs f u d ~ a of lymphoid times, with particuIar respect to hxyribonwlric acid SW-

m D. P. Mb, Department of Medicine, God H 4 c Og.l H e - Coldeeld: Grant to purchase small items of equipment, to study the immuno1ogid vpdl of cell ageing,


&yen awards were made to junior postgraduate smeareh w o r b for fWbrr research training.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EDENSPS AND ASSIvANa

Pdesw)t C C. mth, Depwbmt of Mdchei 14.1 p- w1*.I School, Lwd011: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study (h mk of hnm- logical factors in renal disease. -

M-RR A. c.om~~~,-dWbsy,U.LrrnD.ofC..MCI: RH-^ assistance sod expenses for thrr. years, to S W ~ Y the W of d b i - unwy of m(crobial antigens for c a l r r and of - - ~ ~ ~

of infective diseases.

Research a s s i s m for six weeks, to study certain tsboiqurr whkh the antigenic propertim of gonococci.

43

Dr. D. C. Dumonde, DivWa of Iranrroioa, Kennedy Institute of Rhmatdogy, Lopdon: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study the measurement and biologicaI characterisation of guinea pig lymphokines.

Dr. M. Rupkfewfcz, Deprtrnmt of Experlmeatai Pntbalogy, St. Maryk Hospital Medical SrbooI, Loadon: Raurch expenses for three yean, to study the effect of lgM antibody on cell mediated immunity.

Dr* D. R. Sinnwortb, Departmeat of Erpedmen.l Pathology, U.hsdty of -: Research assistance for three months, to study the structural definition of biologicaUy active sites in the Fc regions of immunoglobulin 0.

Dr. J. Verrier Jarr. Department of Medfcine, Univarsity of Wtol : Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study the measurement of the immune response to aX 174 in man.

Total allocation: f 56,692

Microbiology RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIP

One award was made to a junior postgraduate research worker for further research training.


Six vacation scholarships were awarded.


J. E &h&, St. Thoms~'~ Ii0~~1ll.l M d h l School, -on: Research assistance, expenses and equipment for one year, to continue studies I o interferon production in human cell culture, and studies on loa l and serum antibody production.

G. BehvIa, Department of Bacteriology, University College Hmphl Medical school, London: R c w x h assistance for six months, to study the mechanism of virus neutralisa- tion Involving synthetic glycoproteins.

hfaor H. R. Carne, Demtment of Pathology, University of QnWdge: Raarrh expenses for two years, to study the mechanism of pathogenic action in infections of corynebactetia.

-

Cambridge: . Research expenses for a visiting Australian worker, to investigate some pmpnia of the cell membrane of fungi associatrd with post-oPs?mtiu. infetiolrr.

Professor N. Goldbloaq Deprhmt of Virology, Hadasd Medid Jerusalem: Research assistance and expemes for two yrsn, to nudy bioIop*.S immpao- logical and molecular properties of arboviruscs.

Professor R. A. Shooter, DeprWd of Bncteriokw, St. IMbbmen'0 H*CIL London: Racarch assistance and expenses for two years, to continue studies of Escherlchfa coli infections.

Hospital, London: Research expenses and equipment in connection with a SW to prrr tbc prevalence of Rmckelia tukensk infection in r o w popul"irm from Northern Sweden and Noway.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

International meeting on the structure, replication and mtis of rhabdwi~s*l.

Total allocatim: -,W3

Mo1ecular Biology


One vactition scholarship was awarded.

Total allocation: E103

Nutrition

GRANT FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSIST-m - -

m. A. file, NW of -W* U- of-: R-xh d t ~ n m and crpaua for thlW Y a , to S~&Y G@ * h &&on to keratomatacia and blindness in d n o @ c ~ ~ ~ ~ .

Pathology WELLCOME SENIOR FELLOWSHIP IN CLINICAL SCIENCE

Dr. T. J. Peters, Department of Medfch, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Loadan: Senior Clinical Fellowship for three years, to apply subcelhIar fractionation techniques to the study of cell pathology in man.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Professor I. Macfntyre, Department of Pathology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London: Grant towards the purchase of a gamma camera and accessories, for the experimental development of sensitive methods of detecting bone disease, and of ~neasuring rapid changes induced by treatment.




Dr. J. D. Bllllmoria, Biochemical Research Laboratory, Westminster School of Medicine, Loadon: Rcsearch assistance and expenses for six months, to study lipoprotein fractionation and blood coagulation.

Professor E. M. Darmady, Tenovus Research Institute, Southampton: Research assistance and expenses for eighteen months, to study the aetiology of chronic pyeloncphritis.

Professor T. D. Elmore, Dcparlment of Blochemistry, The Queen's Udvedty, Belfast: Research assistancc and expenses for two years, to study the action of mast cell proteases on blood clotting factors.

Dr. P. J. Stoward, Department of Anatomy, University of Dundee: Research assistance for nine months, to undertake an electron microscopid study of lysosomes in dystrophic muscle.

Professor W. M. Walkins, Department of Biochemistry, Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London: Research expenses for one year, to study the immunochemistry and biosynthesis of the AB0 blood group antigens.

GRANTS IN AID OF PUBLICATION

Professor K. W. Wrilton, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of B i d n g b m : Cost of colour illustrations to an article "The pathogenesis of xanthomata", Journal of PathoIogy.

Professor K, W. Walton, Department of ExperknW P.ttrokey, U;lharlbr d Birmlngbam: Cost of coJour illustrations to an article "The pathogenesh of cwmal arau formation", Journal of Pathology.

Pbarmaeology (iinding Toxicology)

UNIVERSITY AWARDS

Professor C. V. R. Born, Departmeat of W, UdmsUy 0fCkdrMge: University Award to provide Dr. E. CundlHe'8 salary and rrsearch for three years, to study the process of protein synthesis in bactaia and the effects of antibiotics upon this proms.

Medical School, London: University Award for three years, to study the effect of h y - m and A m in rates of drug oxidation, enantiomers of Warfarin and a nrtiode oT the treatment of hypertension.

CAPITAL GRANTS FOR BUILDINGS

Professor C. T, Dollerp, Depwbnd of C W Phunslcohgg, Rolnf Pat- graduate Medical Sduwl, Loalon: Grant towards the cost of building a new laboratory, to study toxicol- mechanisms in man and the scientific methods of relating toxicity in to man.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Dr. R. C. Elltott, Deparbmt of Applkd B l o w , BrPnd Unhonity, Mlddlercl: Grant to purchase ultra-filtration equipment* to study na- and synthetic antihistamines.

WELLCOME SENIOR FELLOWSHlP IN CLMICAL m N a

Dr. J. L. R* Depnment d Qtaiail pl-=dwY. Roy.l- Medlcal School, Loodon: Senior Clinical Fellowship for one year, to study central ntTVOUS mchanisms in the control of blood pressure and treatment of hypcrtensiw.

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

~ r . J. C, ~ucltlow, Department of Qinferl Ralnl PorlOnbrts Medical School, tonam: Fellowship for three years, to study the mechanism of individual di&rata in response to drugs and their signikaua in tkw?~.


Four awards were made to junior postgraduate research workers for further research training.


Dr. R B. Barlow, Department of Pharmacology, University of Edinburgh: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to undertake the correlation of physicochemical properties of drugs in solution with their affinities for acetylcholine receptors.

Professor G. V. R. &Ka, Department of PhsAnacobgy, Udversity of CambrSdpe: Research assistance for three years, to undertake studies in platelet morphology and biochemktry.

Prdessor G. V. R. Born, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge: Research assistance for one year, to study the interactions between platelets, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (granulocytes), and malignant cells in experimental animals.

Professor W. S. Feldberg, National InotItute for Medical Research, London: Research assistance for eleven months, to study the role of calcium in pyrogen- induced prostaglandin E, synthesis in cerebral ventricle.

Professor J. R. Garrett, Klag's College Hospital Dental Scbool, London: Research assistance and expenses for eighteen months, to study the changes in the nerves of salivary glands after injection of bohrlinum toxin.

Professor M, Ghburg, Department of Phannecology, C h e b College of Science and Technology, London: Research assistance, expenses and equipment for three years, to study actions of gonadal steroid hormones and related substances in brain.

Dr. M. Starr, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, London: Research expenses for two years, to study the possible role of amino acids as neuronal transmitters in the retina.

Professor J. R. Vane, Department of Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons, LMdw: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study the action of anti- idammatory drugs on prostaglandin synthesis during therapeutic and toxic activity.

Dr. R. A. Webster, Department of Pharmacology, University College, W o n : Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study the problems of central nervous system transmitters and autoradiography.

Rof- E &his, DepWment of Pharmacology, Royal Free School of Medicfne, Loldw: Research assistance for one year, to study the effect of ephedrine, salbutam01 and orciprenaline on contractions of skeletal muscle.

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Co-ordinating Committee for the O-tion of Sympod41 on Drrg Actba: Symposium on peptide hormones, London, April 1974.

Third International Conferwce on Camtibis and Mao: Psychol~@& and Clinical Aspects and Patterns of Use, London, April 1974.

Symposium on anticonvulsant drugs and enzyme induction, Lopdon, Febnmy 1975.

Total allocation: E128,0$9

RESEARCH EQUlPMENT

Professor A. J. Buller, Ikpattme~t of Pbysiobgy, U d v d dBrWd: Grant to purchase equipmat, to study the possible c o d o n s be- the histochemical differences in human skeletal muscle, and its mtdLanicat properties.

Professor M. de Burgh Daly, Departmat of SS -'S

Hospital Medk~l College, Lwdon: m t to purchase a fourteen channel i n s t m t a t i o n mapetk tape m c d d reproduce system, to study interactions of some cardiw- and rrsphtary mechanisms in normal and experimental hypertensive animals.

Dr. W. C. Hamsnn, Dep4rtmeat of P-logy, W'S Horptbl Mcdtrl London: Grant to purchase a microelectrode drive system, to assist a study of the role of cutaneous non-myeSmted fibres in relation to the mcend'uzg sentsory systeln of the dorsal column.

Dr. J. M. B. Hughes, I k m t of Ro* P- School, Loadon: Grant to purchase a H E I V ~ infusion pump, to study the detemhati011 of the regional content of extra-vascular lung water.

Dr. M. B. S& Sdrool Of Phyefdogp, St. -9 Medical London: Grant to purchase a flame photometer. to study membrane m b i l i t y .

Dr. M, SW&, LnstiMe of Pathology, London Hospitrl: Grant to purchase an ul tdcrotome and a n d W equipment, to study the innervation of muscle with a particular interest in the thaw found in tbs momholos# and on the pattern d sensory and motor ianavation of -----.~~ -- spindles in neuromuscular disease.

49

RESEARCH TRAINjNG SCHOLARSHIPS

Nine awards were made to junior postgraduate research workers for further research training.

In addition, a sum was set aside to provide four scholarships annually for three years, to enable medical students at the universities of Eire to undertake an intercalated course in the biological sciences, leading to a BSc.


Eight vacation scholarships were awarded.

GRANT FOR PERSONAL SUPPORT

Professor A. J. Wet, Department of PhysioIogy, University of Bristol: Grant to provide a subsistence allowance for six months, to study the possible comlations between the histochemical differences in human skeletal muscle, and its mechanical properties.


h. C C Asbley, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, U n i v ~ t y of &istol: Research assistance for six months, to study the kinetics of calcium during muscle contraction.

Professor Jm M. B h p , Dqu(ment of Medicine, Univdty of Bimhghm: Research assistance and expenses for six months, to study airway mechanics in the early stages of chronic bronchitis.

Dr. L H* B h y w t , Department of Surgery, Udverslty of Glasgow: Research assistance and expenm for three years, to study circulation through the Liver.

Ike I R C.mam, Department of Medichu, St. Tbomn'. Hospital Medical School, ~l ldon : Research expenses for one year, to study the effect of changes in potassium concentration on cerebral blood Row.

Dr. R. G. Goslins Department of PhyQ Guy's Hospital Medical School, Imndon: Research assistance for six months, to undertake an in vivo study of the vascular properties of man in health and disease by atraumatic percutancous methods.

Dr. R N. Hardy, Pfwdologlcal hboratory, University of Cambridge: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study the endwine responses to hypoglyaemia in the consciom unrestrained calf, and the physiology of feeding.

Dr. P. M. H W , Department of ~ r s g S , . S L MCdial sfhool, London: Research assistance for two years, to study the part playad by in

gastric mucosal blood flow in the physiology and pathology of &asbric ssactioll in conscious dogs.

Mr. K, C. Hooper, Depnvtment of Pwdogy, uafwaellg ob Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study t b br- effects of steroids on the hypothaIamus.

~ r . M. T. J-, SherringtOn School of P--, llmmn'g m Medical School, London: Research expenses and equipment for thnt years, to study the mccbanism controlling hypothalamic neuro-seaetion.

Dr. H. B. Mc1MIebset, Iastltute of CMcal R d Middlrrar Herpilrl Medical Sdrool, M m : Research assistance for thra: months, to study the mechantun of transport in intact rats.

Professor c. c pbwips, u b t w or m-, U- i M* Research expenses for one year, to study cortical localisation in primam.

Dr. M. J. Pwes, Department of Physiology, UnifedW of Brisbd: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study antral c b W = sensitivity in the cat.

Dr. M. B. -1, Sherr- &h001 of PmkrgV, St. -*S He Medical School: Research assistance and expenses for one to study m m b m -v*

Professor S. J. Semple, Department of Medkh, Mkldlrau H d Idoll: Research assistance and expenses for four months, to M o p d d h sensin~ electrodes.

Professor J. P. SbiUlngford, Dc- of Medidile, ROM m Medical Sdtool, London: Research assistance for two months, to study a p r t i d m D E b n i ~ rmac*d with cardiac catheterization.

Dr. A. M. Sillito, Depwtmt of Ud- of'.-: Research expenses for three years, to study the synaptic o m t i 0 1 1 C m tributing to receptive field properties of neurones in tho visual mrta

Medical SdpOt, London: Research assistame for six monk , to study the mode of action of C B ~ ~ W I - amines on isolated amphibian epitheIid membranes.

Professor H. de Wardener, Department of Medicine, Charhg C r m Hospital M- scbooI, Loadon: Research expenses and equipment for one year, to continue studies on the identification of an unknown substance from the brain which influences sodium transport.

Professor W, F. Widdas, Department of Physiology, Bedford College, Loadon: Research assistance for one year, to study the mechanical and electro-physiological properties induced by procedures which interfere with release and synthesis of transmitters at the neuromuscular junction.

Dr. W. S. Wilson, Department of Pbannacology, University of Claygow: Research assistance for three years, to study the function of acetylcholine in the cornea1 epithelium.

Professor J. H. WoMemroft, Department of Physio1qg, University of Bhhgham: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study excitatory and in- hibitory transmitters in the lateral geniculate nucleus,

Dr. A. W. Zbrozyna, Department of Physiology, University of Birntjngham: Research assistance for one year, to study the participation of the cardiovascular response in behavioural reactions of defence or aggression,

SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Symposium on aspects of synaptic transmission, to celebrate the centenary of the birth of Sir Henry Dale.

Symposium to study the mode of excitation of'the peripheral arterial chemo- receptors, Bristol, July 1973,

Symposium on some aspects of respiratory neurophysiology, Oxford, September 1973.

26th International Congress of Physiology, New Delhi, 1974.


Reproductive Physiology GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE

Dr. G. M. Bmb, Department of Gmecology, St. Thomas's Hospital Medial school* LWdotl: ~esearch assistance for three months, to continue a u d k on the possible role of progaterone-mamomolcsular complexes in the suppression of antigenicity on placental villous surfaces,

Dr. T. Chard, Demerit of Chedeel Paw-, St. hthdWWW'6 H e London: Research assistance and expennsr for thne ynn. to stvdy loaa =pod. of prolactin physiology in the human.

Dr. K. Potherby, Departmat of Ster0M a-, P- Medical Sdsool, London: Research assistance for six months, to study biochemical c h a n ~ h tbe utaas during early pregnancy.

m. R. R. F. Hunter, S c b l of A d d - 4 Depnrtmcnt of ud --- ---

Gynaecology, University of JMbMgh: Research expenses for three years, to study the maturation and htern la t idp of the mammalian oocyte and Graafian follicle.

Professor D. Lamy, of Zoom a d m -9

St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medial Wool, LoDd~ll: Research assistance and expmsn for two y q to study a W

tO

problem. of tatisvlar dysfunction and related abnonnalitis h

Pmfara W. Lmdauet, rhpameUt of A.h.ll G e d ~ s , U&* wm4 London: Research assistance and expenses for six months, to continue narch W reproductive physiology.

Dr. J. D. N. Nabvro, of Clhdal R e m H- School, LondOB: Research assistance for two years, to study the rnNborim of hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin.

m I, W. ~owladls, Deprtmmt of Anatomy, U d d t y of CamkW: R e w c h expenses for t h w yean, to establish b h g

d wtti- comorph rodents.

Total allmtiw: tS1.018

m SUPPORT OF MEDICAL RESEARCH OVERSEAS

Tropical Medicine

The most significant event to report falls outside the period covered by this Report. It is the meeting held by the Trust in conjunction with the Rockefeller Foundation at their Conference Centre in Bellagio, Italy in October 1974 to consider the role of the developed countries in the future

rosecution of tropical medical research. In 1971 the Trust &d brought together representatives of donor and recipient countries to determine what improvement was necessary in relationships between the two to render technical assistance more purposeful. The recent meeting at Bellagio was a further step in the same direction but on this occasion the participants were limited to senior scientists from the developed world with long-standing involvement in tropical research. The meeting was particularly opportune since it coincided with the World Health Organization's resolution to enhance its own role in co-ordinating and stimulating further research into the parasitic and communicable diseases of tropical areas.

The Bellagio meeting provides the World Health Organiza- tion with authoritative opinions which may well prove of value during the development of their plans. (Four participants, including the Director of the Trust, are members of the W.H.O. planning group.) The participants attended as individuals and their combined experience and knowledge of present research activities in the tropical field led to a consensus of view which could be summarized as follows:

l. The application of the accumulated knowledge and research expertise which exists in the Schools and Institutes of developed countries is necessary to create the most rapid improvement possible in the health of the people in tropical areas.

2. It is essential that the centres in Europe and North America improve communication between themselves in order to co-ordinate their research efforts.

54

3. It is the duty of developed countries to provide training in order to introduce or reinforce scient~fic communities in the Third World.

4. The World Health Organization, as an appropriate organization belonging to all nations, can do much to foster co-ordination and provide mechanisms whereby sophisticated forms of research can be directed at conditions and in tropical areas where the most rapid advance and the greatest impact can be made.

5. There should be a further colloquium at an appropriate time involving both the developed and the developing world, the World Health Organization and other international agencies.

The Trust has been particularly pleased that its role in maintaining impetus in tropical medicine has led to further close consultation with the World Health Organization and its Pan American Health Organization. Meeting in June 1972 and June 1973 of the Pan American Health Organiza- tion were attended by Dr. C. E. Gordon Smith and members of the Trust's staff. These meetings, at which invited p a p were given by Dr. Williams, were held to discuss The Support of Biomedical Research in Developing Countries.

During these formative stages of international co-operation in tropical medical research, the Trust's policy will be to continue to support scientists of the highest quality, no matter what their nationality, to work on topib of importance and to encourage integration of the activities of the centres in the developed world and between these centres and those in the troprcs.

The Trust has allocated £865,440 for tropical medid research over the past two years. This sum has been approi- rnately equally divided between the maintenance of units in Vellore, Belem and Nairobi, the support of the London- Harvard Fellows, and the provision of ad !m mfgrants for tropical. programmes. A major focus of the Trust's programme has been on leishmaniasis and a meeting W= therefore held in Cambridge in August 1973 to review the current state of leishmaniasis research.

55

1 The Welfcome Research Laboratories, Vellore. India The Trustees consider highly important the work on the elucidation of local enteropathies giving rise to intestinal malabsorption and the continued investigation of sprue being undertaken by Professor Selwyn Baker and his colleagues at the Wellcome Research Unit attached to the Christian Medical College, Vellore. They have therefore decided to continue their support of this Unit. Professor A. N. Radhakrishnan, the Unit's biochemist, has continued to make valuable investigations into the biochemistry of the intestine, and Dr. V. I. Mathan has been largely responsible for the clinical supervision of patients in their homes and in the metabolic ward under Professor Baker's direction. The Unit continues to attract Ph.D. students who will contribute much to the future research community in India.

The Weflcome Parasitology Unit, Belem, Brazil The Trustees' support of this Unit has been continued, so that the highly successful epidemiological investigations of the Leishaoia complex of diseases in this particular area of Brazil could be maintained by Dr. R. S. Lainson and his colleagues Dr. I. Shaw and Dr. R. D. Ward. Over the years, valuable contributions have been made and continue to be made into the classification of Leishmania and the relationships between the various types that have been identified and the cause of different manifestations of the disease in man. In Brazil most Leishmanios are of the mucocutaneous type and espundia has devastating clinical effects.

The Trust acknowledges the great assistance which the Unit has received from Dr. Miguel Cordeiro de Azevedo, Director of the Evandro Chagas Institute, which houses the Unit, and other members of his staff. The help of a number of other concerns in the area which have enabled members of the Unit to visit remote areas is also much appreciated.

In January 1974, Dr. Hopwood and Dr. Lainson, on behalf of the Trust, signed a 'Convenio' with Dr. Oswaldo Cruz of

CI*.. y u v. S*-- -- -

Ministry of Health, to allow -the Unit to continue in Belem for at least a further five years. This agreement was published in the official Gazette of the Brazilian government and the Trustees were pleased at this evidence of the Brazilian authorities' appreciation of the work being carried out to extend knowledge of this disease.

The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Nairobi, Kenya Reference was made in the last Report to the completion of the study of vitamin BI2 deficiency in baboons at the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Nairobi. This programme had provided much useful scientific information which continues to be reported in the scientific press. These events bring to an end a valued and appreciated association with the Zoological Society of London. A programme to study immunological aspects of schistosom~asis has now been started. The smooth change-over from one programme to the other depended greatly on the goodwill of Dr. L. G. Goodwin who was the overall Director in London of this Unit until the end of 1973, and also on the work of Dr. R C. Siddons who temporarily assumed the dimtorship locally G-~airobi in June 1973.

In 1973 the World Health Organization established a Training and Research Centre in Immunology in Kenya. Professor V. Houba, with the support of the Immunological Division of the W.H.O. in Geneva, proposed an investigation of the immunology of schistosorniasis since the existing baboon colony provided animals capable of infection with human schistosorniasis. Professor Houb was appointed Honorary Director of the Laboratories and as he is a Visiting Professor of Immunology in the Department of Pathology, this appointment has created a valuable link with Nairobi University. Dr. A. Butterworth has been seconded from the Department of Immunology at Cam- bridge University to make a specific study of thc ceUufar and humoral immune responses and Dr. R F. Sturrock, with a long experience of the parasitology of scbistoso- miasis, has been seconded by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Already it has proved posiible to establish infection in baboons and mice, making possible

an in 17ifro study of infected sera against parasites from baboons infected with human Schisrosonta mansoni.

Later in 1974, the W.H.O. will hold an expert meeting on schistosomiasis in Nairobi.

The continuation of the Unit owes much to the understanding and co-operation of Dr. J. Itotia, Director of the Ministry of Health Central Laboratories, and his staff.

Tlze Wellcof??e Reseurcl~ Unit. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia As predicted in the Trust's last Report, the Unit studying leishmaniasis in Addis Ababa was closed in July 1973, the work which it set out to do having been completed. Pro- fessor R. S. Bray has now become head of the Medical Research Council's Laboratories in the Gambia and Dr. R. Ashford has been appointed to the staff of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The Trustees appreciated the regret at the decision to close the Unit expressed by members of the Haik Sellassie I University, particularly its President, Dr. Aklilu Habte, and the head of the Pathobiological Institute attached to the University, Dr. Aklilu Lemma. Their co-operation had made the work undertaken practicable.

The WcIIcome-London-Harvurd Schmc This method of providing long-term support to enable scienttsts to develop their research potential in the tropics has continued.

The work of the London group in Brwil has been concentrated on the behaviour of the vector of Chagas' disease, and attempts have been made to categorize the types of Trypunosoma cruzj isolated. Dr. M . A. Miles has been concerned in this work under the guidance of Dr. and Mrs. D. M. Minter. The Harvard group have established a field centre in Castro Alves where work continues on a longitudinal study of Chagas' disease and schistosomiasis. Drs. I. S. Lehman and K. E. Mott have continued in Brazil but Dr. M. N. Boyer has retired from the Scheme, although he has continued in Harvard studies on the transfer of schisto- somes in animal models.

In Khartoum the London School has continued a collaborative investigation on schistosomiasis in the Oaira area with the Ministry of Health and the University of Sudan. Dr. A. Fenwick has contributed to this research, particularly with regard to the biology of the snail vector and the effects of rnolluscicides.

Whilst not formal members of the Scheme, other scientists linked with home bases in the United Kingdom have been supported by the Trust. Dr. D. A. Wamll of the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, has continued investigations in Zaria, Nigeria on the causes of coma in cerebro-spinal meningitis, peripartum cardiac failure and snake bite. Dr. J. Patrick of St. Thornas's Hospital, has been working in the Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Jamaica, on a study of electrolyte concentrations in severely malnourished children and has demonstrated hypoactiity of the sodium pump. In 1975, Dr. P. S. Friedmann, at present working with Professor J. Turk at the Royal College of Surgeons, London, in association with Professor C. D. Calnan of the Institute of Dermatology, London, will join the Armauer Hansen Laboratory in Addis Ababa to extend his study of the skin manifestations of cellular immune responses. In addition, Dr. G. B. White has been able to smnd a productive period in Ethiopia, studying the ~ n i j h e l e s gakbiae complex.

Leishmaniasis The Trust has a long-standing interest in leishmaniasis and in 1973 two meetings were held to appraise research progress. The first, in Cambridge, was attended by the scientists supported by the Trust investigating the epidemiology, parasitology, biochernim and immunology of this disease, and by eminent representatives of these disciplines, thus leading to a valuable interchange of ideas. At the second meeting, major grant-holders met the Trustees and the latter confirmed then intention to continue support of this type of research.

The Unit in Belem provides the essential tropical W for this work. Dr. R. K~llick-Kendriok at the Imperial College Field Station in Berkshire has continued work to establish

a colon^* He has also collaborated with the Liverpool group under Professor W. Peters whose grant has been *umerous visits have been made to overseas and renewed that he may continue studies of chemotherapy conferences by the Trustees and their staff* In particular'

.

and the characteristics of Leishmana by study of iso- professor ~ h ~ m p s ( ~ n has visited India and Professor enzymes and DNA. Dr. D. C. Dumonde of the Kennedy ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f t has visited the Sudan and Kenya* representing Institute ofRheumatology, London and Professor W. H. R, Trustees at the 50th Anniversary of the ~ a c ~ ~ ~ ~ of Lumsden the L~ndon School of Hygiene and Tropical university of Khartoum. Dr. Gordon Smith; in the Medicine have pursued a programme to test the practica- of other business overseas, has visited the Trust's Units bilit~ of adding imm~nologi~al factors to other taxonomic vellore, Nairobi and Belem. Dr. Hopwood* who is re- criteria, and Dr* D* S- Rowe's group at the W,RO. Centre, sponsible for the Trust's tropical medicine ~~~p~~~ Lausannea has made valuable contributions to work on the through his persona] interest, developed a cohesive entity in

immunological, humoral and cell-mediated tmpical medicine for the Trust*

WELLCOME RESEARCH UNITS The West Indies ldia: wellcome Trust Laboratories, Vellore.

~ d l : Wellcome Parasitology Unit* Belem* K ~ ~ ~ : welkomeTm%t ~abo~~ttories, Nairobi*

~~~~~~k welkome P~sitoIogY unit, ~ b a b (until July

W E L L C O ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ A R V A R ~ SCHEME

m,,f-r W. H. R htW&b mmeot Mdhl Protom' U -1 of Hygiene and Tropial M&&: pIMnsl ==rch expenses and Wuipment Dr. M. *. 'Or

two to ~ u d y the epidemiolOPY of aa@' ptof-r W. H. R. mat of m shwl of Hygiene ~ n d T ~ i d M d h e : pmond suppon, m r e h e x p m ~d quiment IW0 a wf for goup

by Dr. D. Minter, for a muiti-didplim study Of

sagas' disease in Brazil. ' 0 F* 'a*holomew has been Supported in interesting

On the production of acute panereatitis by the venom profwr G, S. Nelson, Departmat of He-loav' Sdmd of the Trinidad scorpion, Ti?yus trio jtQtis, of ~ d p a e a d nopi& Md*:

R~~~~~ assistanoc and ~quipment for One ya4 to "dy

Pan A m e r i c ~ ~ ~ Healtlr Orga~~ZCItiOn schistosomiasi~ in the !hdan.

Considerable help has been received from D ~ , M. ~~i~~ h, C. E. ~ r d m Sdlb, m TD(*.I-:

Chaat to cover i n m d during the e x ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ pblur of the rdvns

da Silva of the Organization's Research Division in moni- sine its commencement in 1970. tOdng the Trust's fellowships between the South American countries¶ the work of the London-Harvard scheme and RESEARCH EQUIPMENT in supplies for the Wellcome Parasitology Unit in

h. L, M AH m Institute of did S&aw%'n q06 The has supported Pan-American meetings on to puKh=e Wu;pment, to s ~ d y ~ h ~ t ~ b i ~ ~ ~ ~ * p'wtarY myc0ses and equine encephalitis and on onchocerciasis, metabolic diseases in India*

Dr. K. P. Wong, Depahent of Bioche*, University of Singapore: Grant to purchase equipment and to provide research expenses for three years, to study the conjugation of phenolic compounds, bilirubin, catecholamines, tyramine and metabolites with sulphate andlor glucuronic acid.

I GRANTS FOR RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS AND PERSONAL SUPPORT

I Dr. H. T. AI-Azzawi, Department of Anatomy, Baghdad College of Medicine, Iraq: Department of Anatomy, University of W e e : Fellowship for one year, to undertake histochemical and electronmicroscopica1 studies in myopathics.

Dr. M, S. Devamub, Vallabhbhal Pate1 Chest Iostitute, University of Delhi, indla: Laboratory of Physioiogy, Universlty of Oxford: Fellowship for one year, to study the electrophysiology of the brain,

Dr. P, M b y , W t u t e of MedicaI Sefeafes, Bamras Hindu Universlty, Iadia: Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, National Institute for Medical Researeh, Lasdon: Fellowship for seven months, to study neuropharmacological action of morphine.

Dr. W. C L. Ford, Depnrtment of Blochemistry, University of EkWmgh: Fellowship for one year, to study amino acid catabolism of bloodstream and culture forms of Trypanosotna rhodesiense.

Dr. H. Fmer, Universlty of the West Iadies, Jamaica: Deparhnent of CMeal PhPnnacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London: Fellowship for two years, to study the influence of hepatic disease, environment und race upon the rate of metabolism of drugs in the liver.

Dr. P. S. F r b , Department of Pathology, Cohge Hospital, London: Department of Pathofogy, Royal College of Surgeom, London: Fellowship for three years, to study the interaction between cell-mediated immunity and humoral antibody in syphilis.

Professor P. C. C. Gambam, Imperial College Field Station, SIlwood Park, Berkshire: ~pecia~fellowship for three yeas, to undertake the preservation, maintenance and denomination of type specimens of malaria parasites.

Dr. A. A. Jackson, Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Jadcs: Fellowship for three years, to study the rate of utilization of urea nitrogen for protein synthesis in chronic non-terminal uraemia.

Dr. B. Koley, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, W: lhlhvascnbu Unit, University of Leeds: Fellowship for two years, to study brainstem projections of cardiac receptors in the vagal C Bbres.

Dr. P. B. McGreevy, U.S.A.: Deportment of Medlenl HolmimtbD)Dgp, School of Hygi6ne and 'hpfcal Medldne: Fellowship.for two years, to study the susceptibility of mopheline vectors of filariasis in East Africa, and to attempt to estabIii W*iu liam@i,in laboratory animals.

Dr. J. Patrick, Department of Medicine, St. ~~KWUOS'S H o q I 4 4 Idr: Tropical Metnboiiw Research Unit, Univdty ofthe West Wb, Jrrria: Speci~1 fellowship for three years, to study changw in intmellular wata md electrolyte content in malnutrition.

Dr, R C. Pad, !Wool of Pathology, MMdkx H- McdirPI abd, London: Personal support for nine months, to study the relationship of soil and graao mycobacteria to Buruli Ulcer and tuberculin positivity.

Dr. L. A. Salako, Department of PharmawlogV, UIrhenitJr of mduP, Mlprlr: Deparhnent of phftrmacokIgy, U n i v ~ of Orbond: Fellowship for one year, to undertake electrophysiological and p ~ 1 ~ studies of antidysrhythmic compounds.

Dr.L.F*sdmr,Ha~MediealSdbool,JerosPleeP,~DcprbaLd ParasitologV, Ltverpml school of mpid Medidse: Fellowship for two years, to undertakx a cornpadson of stcological and b i chemical methods for differentiating Leishmaniaf strains.

Professor A, Shekir, Baghdad University Medeal Cdleet, Inq: ivttbtc d Child Health, Lmdon: Fellowship for four months, to study anthropometric masurcmcnts in Ihe assessment of marginal protein calorie malnutrition.

Dr. R. SMdoas, ex-Welleome Researeb L n k m e Mkd& Kaw: . Fellowship for six months, to complete a study of nutritional desclmdes in baboons,

Dr. D. A. W a r d , Depsrtmnt of Medicine, Royd P- Msdicrl Sebo), London: De-t of Medieiae, AtumadP WO Ud-, Personal support and research expenses for two years, to study the physiological disturbances associated with meningitis, peripartum cardiiac faitun and bite,

Pmtgmdmte ~ e d l c s l S&& Lodom Fellowship for one year, to study antibodies to RNA and 0 t h ~ p 0 - h

Dr. y.-C. wag, Depwbd of Anrtomy, UIdvdtY of Hoqe m: DqutPvrL of Anatomy, university of Bimw-: FeIlowship for five months, for t r a n s d o n and scannine s t u b

of transitional epithelium. 63

RESEARCH TRAINING SCHOLARSHIPS Professor C. r(, Job, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellorr, M: Research assistance and expenses for eighteen months, to study ~&-*w

Six awards were made to junior postgraduate research workers for further immunity in leprosy. research training in the United Kingdom.

Professor B. R. Jwes, Wtitate of O p h w W , m: GRANTS FOR RESEARCH EXPENSES AND ASSISTANCE Research assistance and expenses for three years, for a collaborative rrsearch

project on the prevention of blindness from trachoma and related diseases. Prdm A. U. Antla, Depattment of Padatrics, University C o m e Hospftaf, Ibadan, Nigeria: Dr. D. G. Jose, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Ausldh: Research assistance and equipment for two years, to continue a study on thc Research expenses to study the effects of malnutrition upon the immune quartan malarial nephrotic syndrome. response in Aboriginal children.

DF. P. K, Kalpaktsoglou, Department of Neo~tal Imn=obidogy* bWka EUadl Maternity Hospital, Atheas, GM: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study h n m m mchanisms of

relation to pancreatitis in man.

R o f e s o ~ C* C- Booth, Departmeat of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate ~ e d i c a l Profesror S. M. M. Karim, Department of ObsteMa and Gm-, Ud* School, London, and Professor G. A. 0. AUeyne, Department of Medicine, uni- of Singapore: v d t y of the West Indies, Jamaica: Research assistance for three years, to study physiological f m d o n ~ , p h m - R@~arch assistance and expenses for one year, to study epidemiological and cological actions and clinical applications of Some naturally occurring and immunological factors of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the west synthetic analogues of prostaglandins.

Mr. J. S. Kingdon, Tanzam£a: Dr. J* L* Corbetk Department of Neurology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford: Research expenses for one year, to complete Volume ~ I I of @rim Research assistance for four months, to undertake a cardiovascular study of Mamnrals, an atlas of evolution in Afrcu. tetanus in Nigeria.

professor W. H. R. humden, Department of -* Dr. G- G* G* Crane, Nuffteld Institute of Comparative Medick, he zoa]o@cal School of Hygiene and ~ p i d Medidne: S~cfety, London: Research assistance and expenses for two Ye-, to continue work Research expenses for six months, to undertake serological studies in tropical characterisation of Trypanosom ctuti po~uIations. splenomegaly syndrome in New Guineans.

Dr* M* P* CIPmfngbam, h t Afrf- Veterinary Research Ckgmization, Kenya: Remuch expenses to study the h m ~ n e competence of baboons deprived of

nlpha chain disease in Greece.

H. Foy, Nairobi, Kenya: Re-h expenses for one Year, to write up and publish research on pyridoxine deficiency in baboons.

prostaglandins to inflammation.

Dr. I* Grant, Department of Pbysim, Schuster Laboratory, University of Mmchter: prof-or G. S. Nelson, Depavtment of Helmtntho~ogy, ~ ~ - 1 o f ~ R-rch HPeMs and equipment for a field study of thyroid hormone kinetics in an iodine-deficient population.

and Tropical Medicine: Research assistancc for six months, to complete a bibliography of 6khiia

Professor C. Nwokolo, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria: ~ k h assistance and equipment for three years, to study the relationship of intestinal malabsorption and helminthiasis.

W. Peters, Department of Parasltololgy, Liverpool School of Tropical Mtdiclne: Research assistance, expenses and equipment for three years, to undertake biochemical and physiological studies of Leishmania,

Dr. E. W. Price, Princess ZRaebework Hospital, HaUe Sellassie I University, AddLP Ababa, Ethiopia: Research assistance for one year, to continue a study of endemic elephantiasis of the legs in Ethiopia.

Mr& P. Ready, Imperjal College Field Station, SUwood Park, Berkshite: Research expenses, to study relationships of flora and soil types to phlebotomid sandftia in forest in Brazil.

Dr. H. A. Reid, Depwtment of Tropical Medicfw, Liverpool School of Hygiene ud mpid Medicine: Rtsearch expenses for one month, and equipment for a venom research project in Zaria, Nigeria.

Dr. D. S. Rowe, W.H.O. I-logy Research aad T m b g Centre, Lsusaaae, Swiberlaad: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to continue immuno1ogical studies of leishmaniasis.

Profewor K. N. Sewvhtne, Department of Phydology, Udvesity of Ceylon: Research expenses for two years, to undertake neurological studies.

Profeswr T. R. E Southwood, Imperial College Field Station, Sitwood Park, ~~: Research assistance for one year, to study the development of Leishmania on the sandfly.

Pmfesfor J. C. Waterlow, Department of Hwnan Nutrition, London School of Hygiene aod Tropical Medicine: Raearch assistance for two years, to study malabsorption, and to undertake studies on obesity and on secondary malnutrition.

Ih: R G. Wbitebead, hum Nutritional Laboratory, Camkidge: Research expenses for three years, to maintain contact with the Child Nutrition Unit, Kampala, Uganda, particularly in relation to maintenance of long-term studies on malnutrition in childhood.

(In addition two expeditions with tropical medical research purposes were assisted with grants,)

66

CONGRESS AND SYMPOSIUM SUPPORT

Third International Conference on Mycoses, SIlo Paulo, August 1974.

Third International Congress of Parasitology, Munich,,August 1974.

Ninth International Congress on Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Athem, October 1973.

Conference on Intestinal Absorption and Allied Dh-, Fuato Rico, January 1973.

Fourth International Congress of Protozoology, Clermont-F-& F-, September 1973.

Meeting of investigators of the immunology of schistosomiasis, Nairobi, Kmp, December 1974.

Symposium on research and control of onchoccrciesis in the mtan hmi. sphere, Washington, U.S.A., November 1974.

GRANT IN AID OF PUBLICATIONS

Captain C. R. S, Pitman, Lwdon: Grant towards the cost of colour illustrations in a book entitled "A Guide to tbt Snakes of Uganda".

SUPPORT FOR LIBRARIES

Professor L. J. Brute-Chmtt, Ross InstiMe, ]Iwdoa Sebool d IIyehrrs Tropical Medicine:' Research assistance to continue the cataloguing of the R-

Grants in support of Tropical Veterinary Mlxlkh RESEARCH FELLOWSHIFS

DC. C, 0. Esunwso, Welleome Laboratories for EX- -9

University of G&ow : Fellowship for one year, to study cellular immunofogy of African brypano- somiasis.

Dr. H. C. Pant, India: Department of VeterlnarY C l i W Stedics, U- d Liverpool: Fellowship for six months, to study the regulation of gonadotrophin in eats.


One award was made to a junior postgraduate nsearch W& for furtha research training. 67


Professor W. hfcIntyre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Unfvedty of Glasgow: Research expenses, to study the pathogenesis and immunity of trypanosomiasis in cattle in the Gambia,

Professor W. Mulligan, Department of Veteriuary Physiobgy, University of Glasgow: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to study the pathophysiology of ovine schistosomiasis.

(In addition, an expedition with a tropical veterinary rsearch purpose was assisted with a small grant.)

Total allocation (expenditure for Research Units): E865,440

European Programme In March 1973 a meeting was held to discuss aspects of medical education, care and research in Europe. The meeting, which was organised jointly by the Wellcome Trust and the Ciba Foundation, was attended by one person from each country in Europe, except Czechoslovakia and Russia. A book, published as a result of the symposium,* provides. a critical description of present arrangements in each European country as well as accounts of the discussions held. The Trustees hope that this book will facilitate interchange in medical research in Europe by enabling research workers to have a better understanding of each other's situation and problems. Dr. F. P. Woodford is to be con- gratulated on the excellent work he did in organising the symposium and editing the discussions into such a readable form.

The Trustees consider that interchange in medical research can best be fostered by providing funds to enable workers to meet regularly, visit and work in each otl~er's laboratories, exchange materials, etc. They have therefore decided to offer European Collaboration Grants of up to f 750 per *Medical Rescarch Systens in Europe. A joint Wellcome Trust - Ciba [Foundation Symposium. ElsevierlExcerpta MedicalNorth Holland. Associ-

ated Scientific Publishers. DFL. 43.00.

annum, normally for two years. They consider this type of support of greater importance than the provision of fellow- shrps.

A total of £268,567 has been allocated over the two years under review for the Trust's European programme.

European Collaboration Grants

Professor N. Ashton, Zasttnte of Ophthatmology, -W: Grant for expenses of collaborative research with PO-- rescatrh W- to study pathological changes after damage to the blood retina1 barrier.

Professor G. V. R. Born, Department of Pharmacology, Udve& of ClpbriQpe: Research assistance and expenses for a co-operative project with French research workers, to study the induction of platelet thrombi in small vm& by the iontophoretic application of adenosine diphosphate.

Professor D. S. Jackson, Department of Medial BiocBernistrg, Urd- d Manchester: Research expenses for one year, to develop links between Manchesta and thcr Max Planck Institute for Protein and Leather Research, Munich, in tba initiation of a collaborative research programme to determine priaary at- -----.

of wound-healing collagen.

Professor Sir Fmds Knowles, Department of Anatomy, K k ' s Cdfc%t, Inrdolr: Research expenses for two years, for a collaborative research pm- witb research workers in Germany, to undertake morphological and physiof- studies of the median eminence.

Dr. M. H. Iader, Institute of Psychiatry, MOD: Grant for equipment, research expenses and travel for W. yew, fa. a collaborative investigation into the mode of action of psychiatric dnyyr, wtth research workers from the University of Sarajwo, Yugoslavik

Professor K. A, Mumtay, D e m t of Physi~Eosp a d University of Southm@~n: Exoenses for collaborative work on the physiology of the nep- with research workers in France.

Dr. M. J. Pm@, Department of Physiology, U-@ d Bristd: Expenses for three months for a German mearch worker v%- Dr. m* department, to study the response of the whole respiratov system to stimuli in frequency terms.

Professor M. H. Richmond, Deparhnent of Ba-ogy, Udv- d Bddd: Research expenses for a collaborative study-with a Gennan research WO* molecular interaction of R-factors in bacteria.

69

Pr0f-r J. J. van R-, lkpartment of Immunohaematology, ~ k ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ h Czeehosfovaka uofmity of Leiden, Netherlamb:

a m s e s f o r One Year towards the development of European standard reagents for HLA histocompatibility typing. RESEARCH FELLOWSHlPS

~ r . K, m e t , Charles University of Pragw: Dhidon of 1-9 Support of Empean Symposia and Workshops am.al ~esearrb centre, I.onh:

~~.l~~~hip for one year, to study the control of the madtude of ~~~~e The Tmstees consider the support of small specialised responses, with special reference to T cell response. symposia and workshops a useful way to encourage understanding and active research co-operation between centres D, F. pa1-k htltute of Pathophysiology, C h k s u d v d @ OT m:

m a t or physiology, ~ t . George's ~osidbl sch~& W in Europe. Six such awards have been made during the ~ ~ l l ~ ~ h i p for six months, to study the role of the nervous SYstm in period under review. mental lung disease.

Society for Clinical Investigation: Gmnt expensff of Eastem European members of the Society attending the annual meetings in Western Europe, Denmark

meeting on cellular immunity, to clarify some of the basic immune- ~n 1972 the Trustees renewed their agreement with the genetics in the mouse model, London, February 1973. Carlsberg Foundation in Denmark to provide -=h

s annually in each direction. 'I'hm such awards Symposium on mo~onuclear phagocytes in immunity, infection and pathology, Leiden, September 1973. during the period under review.

Third European hatomica1 Congress, Manchester, September 1973, FROM DENMARK:

B i m c a l Society: or, T, N O ~ U I I , Department of Anatomy, U d v d Q of (hbse: of

Grant towards travel costs of Young research workers attending meetings of zoology, University of - m e : the Federation of European Biochemical societies. Wellcomearlsberg Feitowship for two Years, to study Ihc of

neurosecretion in the blowfiy. VIIth S ~ m f ~ s i u m of the European Pancreatic Club, Dundee, july 1974.

J. C, L. Pedersen, W h i t e of Blot- Chemistry Department of Inorganic Che-9 uDfvwity Oxlord:

Austria Wellcome-Cm)sberg Fellowship for m Year* to study the thnc-dimensioaal RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP stmctum of proteins by means of NMR-s~ectroscoPY*

H* R* of NwIear bfedicin~, ~nivcrsity of ~ lenna: TO DENMARK: Department of CWcal PbMcs~ Royal W e n Hospital, Lonh: FcllomEp for six months, to study the application of the whole body counting W, D, J. p. F-, Departmat of Biology, Unirdty of S-

Glasgow: Department TOXO-9 s* - -: and scanning for *he determination of turnover rates with various radioactive iracen in normal subjects and patients. Wellcome-Carlsberg Fellowship for One Year; to study the dmsOp-t

Toxoplasma gondfi.

Bulgaria RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP Finland Ik' Tglakov* wtUte m t 0 k Y and Venereology, Sotfa: Depadment of St. John's HospitPl for D- of the Sun, hadOn: An agreement has now been made with the Juselius Feuomhip for one Year* to study the carriage of Corynehclerjunt acne8 in Foundation in Helsinki to provide annually one fellowship adO1mnts in relation to race* puberty and sebum secretion, in each direction. NO awards have Yet been made- 70 71

During the period under review a number of awards have been made by the Trust to encourage Anglo-French interchange in medical research. In addition a fellowship has been awarded by the Institut National de la Sant6 et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) to enable a British research worker to spend a year in France. This follows discussions held between the Trust, INSERM and other French organisations in 1972.


'Mr. C. J. Dunn, Department of Experimental Pathology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London: Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Paris: Wellcome-INSERM Fellowship for one year, to study pharmacological and biochemical aspects of the inflammatory response in man and animals.

Dr. E. Prlndel, Gustave-Rousry Cancer Institute, Villejuif: Chester Batty Research Institute, London: Fellowship for one year, to study the influence of the thymus and immuno-

. logical processes on bone marrow stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Miss M.-L. Halbwachs, Paris: Department of Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London: Fellowship for two years, to study the C3b feedback cycle.

Dr. C. H. R. L9HIn,ndel, Departmcnt of Gastroenterology, St. Lazare Hospital, Paris: Department of Medicine, Royal Postgmdaate Medical School, London: Fellowship for one year, to study antibody secretion by intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease.

Dr. IM. R. Stephens, Department of Cardiology, IYeish National School of Medicine, Cardiff: Department of Physfology, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM: Fellowship for one year, to study the half life of the contractile proteins in experimental cardiac failure and hypertrophy.

Dr. A. C. C. Wang, Paris: Queen Victorin Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex: Fellowship for one year, to study enhancement of kidney allograft survival.

Germany The AngIo-German Committee created in 1970 has now met on several occasions. The Deutsche Forschungs- gemeinschaft is prepared to consider for its own awards research workers from Germany applying for Wellcome fellowships. Thus, funds are freed for the provision of European Collaboration Grants.

Dr. H. 0. Handwerker, 11 Phy&krgical U n i d w of ifdddkrg:

Depoutment of V e t e m Physiology, Royal m) of vekdmry SbPdkr,

~nhersity of Edi&ugh: Wellcome Anglo-Clerman Fellowship for five months, to study the transmission of information on painful stimuli through the spinal cord of the monkey.

TO GERMANY:

Mr. J. G. m t , Department of ~ i o e h e m i ~ , University of m y : of -~

Phiumacology, ~dvemity of M a h : Wellcome Anglo-German Fellowship for one year, to study the nature of the cy tochrome p450 drug complex.

h.. R. W. Ghnville, Demerit of Medi- Wi- HospItpl, m: Max Planck Institute for B i o f h e e * M&&: Wellcome Anglo-German Fellowship for one year, to undertake the purification and amino acid sequencing of t y p III collagen.

Dr. B. B. Lee, London: Max Planck Institute for Bioeh?mistry, Mmtkb: Wellcome Anglo-Gemn Fellowship for one year, to analyse single unit activity and functional architecture of monkey circumstriate cortex.

Dr. K. Martin, Department of Phamcolopyr Unlverdty of Cpmbridge: Institute of Pharmacology, Tecbnid Univdty of M&&: Wellcome Anglo-German Fellowship for six months, to study the p-1ogy of lithium.

Greece


Dr. K. G. Koutsaimanis, Athens: Deprtmmt of MedkhW Chutae 0 0 6 6 Hospital Media1 School, London: Fellowship for one year, to continue the identifivation of a natrivrrtic substana from the hypothalamus.

Dr. G. Stathoprmlos, Athens: Department of I ~ ~ u I I o ~ , Witate of CIlror Research, London: Fellowship for nine months, to study T and B lymphocytes in human and lymphoid neoplasias.

Dr. A. A, Zacharoulis, Univemity of Atha: M.R.C. Cnrdl- R h Unit, .Royal Postgraduate Medicnl Loodoa: Fellowship for six monthi, to study the estimtion of stroke vol- h m. by pulse contour methods, using the main pulmonary artery p-un.

73

In 1972 an agreement was signed between the Wellcome Trust and the Institute of Cultural Relations Budapest. Under this agreement up to five fellowships may be awarded annually by each organisation. The first fellowship for a British research worker to visit Hungary was awarded in 1973.

FROM HUNGARY

Dr. P. Bosze, Postgraduate Medical School, Budapest: Regional Blood Trans- fusion Cenfre, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh: Fellowship for one year, to study human cytogenetics and special haematological problems in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Dr. M. A. Cscr, Department of Paediatrics, University of Pecs: Department of Child Hcalth, St. Mary's Hospital, blanchester: Fellowship for one year, to continue a study of neonatal endocrinology.

Dr. C. N. Dren, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest: Houghton Poultry Research Station, Huntingdon: Felfowship for one year, to study the genetics of host response to Rous sarcoma virus infection and tumour devclopment.

Dr. G. Gaa, Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest: Paediatric Unit, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London: Fellowship for one year, to study tile absorption of calcium by animals and human infants.

Dr. P. HOvBs, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest: National Institute for Medical Researcb, London: Fellowship for six months, to continue an investigation of mammalian ribosome structure.

Dr. J. J u h n a Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest; DPprtment of Neurosurgical Studies, The National Hospital, London: Fellowship for one ycar, to study the local cerebral blood flow and clinical micro-neurosurgery.

Miss M. Leng~el, Department of Pharmaeolog: Semmclwetr University Medical School, Budapest: Bcmrd Bamn Memodat Research Laboratory, Quen Charlotte's Matedty Hospital. London: - . ~ellowship for one ycar, to undertake an ht 11iw study of tetrahydroisoquinoline formation in man.

Dr. I Palik, National Institute of Cadlology, Budapest: Institute of Cadiolw, London: Fellowship for one year, to study coronary angiography and its importance in the assessmenl of operabilily and in the results of surgical operation.

m. P. R-, Depmhent of Anatomy, M l o g y narf m d o g p , Semmelweis University Medical S-l, -pest: M.R.C Clhid Rascrrrh Centre, L d o n : Fellowship for one year, to undertake a cell biological study of membrane function in exocytosis.

Dr. G. Stenrere, W t u t e of Medical Biolw, Szmd: M.R.C ClbdcaI a d Population Cytogenetia Unit, Western -1 Hospfia Eihbmgp: Fellowship for one year, to study some a~pects of cell hybridization.

Dr. I. Tenyi, Department of M d k b , Univdty of Pw: Medirrl U* St. Mary's Hospital, W o n : Fellowshin for one year, to study the effect of different humoral, hormonal and - ~

neurogenk factors in renin release.

Dr. M. Winter, D e m t of P ~ w @ l o s y , Semrse)neicl Udvdw &hol, BJpest: Department of Md*, TIE R ~ n 1 1 1 1 1 4 , m: Fellowship for one year, to study the inter-reattion of pamthyroid honnom and metabolites of vitamin D on intestinal absorption of calcium.

TO HUNGARY:

Mr. J. M. OPameil, A.R.C. InmL of Animal W, -: Department of Physiology, M& Sch~~l, UdvcrslQ of m Fellowship for one year, to study magnesium and excitation--mntdon coupling h muscle.

Iceland

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Dr. H. Valdl- University Hodal, Reykbvfi: DepPrtment of laao- nobgy, Royal Postgraduate Medical Scb001, Londw: Fellowship for one year, to continue s t u d i ~ on mechanism of drhnr in cell-mediated immunity, and their ntationship to persistent infection.

Italy

In 1970, the Trustees made an award to the Mario Nepi Foundation in Milan to enable a committee of three Italian scientists to award travel grants to Italian research workers wishing to visit the United Kingdom. This programme was reviewed by the Trustees after two years. They considered that it had been a success and agreed that thc programme should be extended for a third year.

75

I FROM ITALY:

Dr. F. Fazio, Medical Clinicy Pia: Department of Medicine, Royal Post- graduate Medical &W, London: Fellowship for one year, to study the determination of the regional content of extra-vascular lung water.

Dr. D. F d , Sant'OnoIa Hmplbl, Bologna: Depnrhnt of Medicine, University of Dundee: Fellowship for six months, to study bile salt kinetics in patients with gallstones receiving chenodeoxycholic acid.

l

TO ITALY:

Mr. R. Carrington, !Woo1 of Pharmacyy London: Jstituto di Ricerche F ~ ~ n ~ c o W c h e "Msrfo NegiPY Milan: Fellowship for one year, to apply gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and mass fntgmentography techniques in drug metabolism studies.

Norway An agreement has been made with the Anders Jahre Foundation in Norway for an annual exchange of fellowships. The first such fellowship was awarded in 1974.


FROM NORWAY:

Dr. G. E Carlberg, Department of Chemhtry, Udvrnlty of Oslo: Department of C h e w , Royal Holloway College, University of London: Wellcome-Jahre Fellowship for one year, to develop and apply structural techniques to, and metabolic studies of, carbohydrates in algae.

Mr. R. H. Watgami, Institute of Neurophydology, University of Oslo: Department of Neuropbysiology, The National Hospbl, London: Fellowship for one year, to study the effect of interruption of inputs to inter- costal motoneurons.

TO NORWAY:

Miss G. M. Hawkswortb, St. Msry's Hospital Medical School, London: Demerit of Pharmacology, Univmity of Bergen: Fellowship for ow year, to study the metabolic fate of flavour substances occurring in plants and plant products: alkyI-substituted pyrazines.

Following a visit to Poland in 1972 by Dr. Willhim and Dr. Bembridge, the Trustees agreed to make available up to £3,000 for one year to enable Polish research workers to buy small items of equipment, chemicals and supplies, and for subsistence allowances for them to make short visits abroad. This arrangement, jointly administered by Professors S. Hilton, J. Vane and J. G. Widdicombe on behalf of their Polish colleagues, has been renewed for a further three years.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Professor R. Grygkwski, Department of -~01logy, C o w ~ m MedkPl Academy, Cracow: Grant to purchase a 6-channel multi-recorder, to study the eeneration of prostaglandins by vascular tissue.

Dr. 3, S W w s k a - h r m k , Laboratory of Nmpaylb01ogy~ P O W A e y of Sciences, Warsaw: Grant to purchase equipment, to study the role of endogenous prostttglandii in the control of cerebral and coronary circulation.


Dr. M. Cmpel, Department of To~ia~I&cal -, &bdt Medkrl Academy: M.R.C. To~cology U&, M 1 t 0 n : Fellowshib for one year, to study the function of the inducible cadmium- - ---- . . -... * -

binding protein, metallothionein,

Dr. A. R. Huszeuk, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, POW Academy of m Warsaw: Department of Medicine, Chrk Cross Harpitat Mdlal School, London: Fellowship for one year, to study aspects of the Hering-Brew re£lexes.

Dr. S. MPjdwczyk, Department of Ph@h!Y, W b m w biedu Sherrington School of Physiology, St. Thoma~'~ H@bl I+kkd London : Feltowship for one year, to study the physiology of the chemonapto~s~

Dr. W. Rudnicka, Department of Immlls~logy, Institute of University of Lodz: Division of Imrnu1101~' and Institute for Medical Researd4 toldon: Fellowshio for one year, to study the role of afferent lymph alls in the G c t i o d f contact sensitivity.

Dr. T. Zebro, Departmmt of PathoIOptcral h-, M d k d Chooll:

Department of Morbid Anatomy, Kids CO- Hospital, W. Fellowship for one year, to study the kinetics of haemopoietic stem cells.

Romania

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Dr. B. Beaga, Medical and Pbsrmaccutical IastiMe, Cluj: Department of Chemistry, University of SbokBeld: Fellowship for one year, to study the interaction between albumin and biological membranes.


Dr. R. D. Keynes, A.R.C. M t u t e of Animal Physiology, Cambridge: Support for a Romanian research assistant for three months to study light scattering changes during nervous activity of non-myelinated nerves.

Spain RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

Dr. V. Amyo-Perez, Spain: Liver Unit, King's College Hospital Medical School, London: Fellowship for six months, to study sodium metabolism in cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure.

Dr. M.-A. Gassull, Department of Gastroenterology, University of Barcelona: M,R.C, Gastroenterology Unit, Central MMdlesex Hospital, London: Fellowship for one year. to study biochemical and clinical aspects of malnutrition and malabsorption in chronic alcoholism and liver diseases,

Dr. J. Pcna-Martiaez, Department of Phydology and Biochemfstry, University of Granada: Tissue Immunology Unit, London Hospital Medical College: Fellowship for one year, to study bone marrow transplantation in mice.

Dr. A. Purroy Unanua, University of Navam: Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford: Fellowship for three months, to study natriuretic hormone levels in dogs.

Sweden The arrangement with the Swedish Medical Research Council for an exchange of fellowships was renewed in 1972. The fellowships awarded during the period under review are listed below.


Dr. M. A. Chester, LWer Institute of Preventhe Medicine, London: Institute of Medical Cbemfstry, University of Uppsala: Fellowship for one year, to study the degradation of complex molecules in man.

Mr. D, J. Heaf, Deparhwnt of Cbemical Pathology, St. B w t b b d ~ ) Hgplhl, Loodon: Khg Gustaf V Research LPboratorg, f L u o l h h H- StoddCaL: Fellowship for one year, to study the effects of prostagland'm on h- lipid metabolism,

Dr. D, H. Hogg, Depsrhneat of B*-, m ' s UaidQ, Department of Blood Coagulation Remrrh,. ILardtuJsa W* S- Fellowship for two years, to study the spemfidty of bovine thrombih.

Dr. I. L, Jones, Department of Dental Sdwsce, U&& of U-: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Unfversity of Umea: Fellowship for one year and three months, to study the status of kmth sulphate in articular cartilage.

Mr. M. R. Ward, Muscular Dystrophy Group Rwearch I a b o r a ~ Nmcrdfc General Hospital: Institute of Phsnnacology, University of m Fellowship for one year, to study the trophic inffuence of nerve on skeletal muscle.

Switzerland

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Dr. 3, J. Doylle, Department of Veterhaw Medtdne, UdverdQ of Chrgon: W.H.O. Immunoglob~ Laboratories, Lamame: Fellowship for two years, to study immuno@obulins, their isolation, -- isation and function in the protection of the host against parasitic diseases.

Delegated "Awards

EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL 1-GATION


Dr. C. M. M. Adam, Temn Ho@W Paris: Deparbrrent of Mcdidne, Postgnulute Medical School, London: Wellwme European Fellowship in Clinical Investigation fot one y#u, to study antigens, antibodies and complement facton in cryoproteios.

Dr. A, Beresewitzt., Department of chkd ~~~, * p&gr&ate Edacatkw, W-W, Pohad: Deputment of Univ-&W of Berne, Switzerbrd: Wellcome European FeIlowship in Clinical Investigation for one year, to study the infiuence of glucose, xylose and 2-deoxyglucose on cellular &m flws in cardiac tissue.

1)t. B. ~ e r g e l y , Deparlmeat of Medidne, Udv- of Dokearq m: Department of Tumour Biology, Karolh%kII I d - Stodrbohn, Wedem: Wellcome European Fellowship for Clinical Investiption for one m, to ~ t d y lymphoid cells, T and'B lyrnphocyte markers.

Dr. P. Mkkovic, Institute for Medid Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Paterson Laboratories, Christie Hospital and Holt R a d h Institute, Manchester:

Argentina Wellcome European Fellowship in Clinical Investigation for one year, to undertake in vitro studies of stem cell proliferation. RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS

~ r . A. FPCllltY of niIBdldne, N a w U&==& of Dr. J. H. Pletrek, M Medical Clinic, Silesian School of Medicine, Katowjce, Airea: Departmeat of Immunology, Middlesex HOspitnl Medlrnl Scbod, Iadaa: Poland: Department of Medicine, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London: Fellowship for two years, to study the pathogenetic mechanisms in auto^ Wellcome European Fellowship in Clinical Investigation for one year, to study disease. calcium metabolism in renal diseases,

Dr. E. B. C. IhmbrpS DepPrhnent of Cheslisbrg, U- of- Ik. J. Wojtuak, Department of Clinid Pbydology, Medical Center of Post- Afrws: Department of C b m i d P a t h o ~ , -8 - M d k d

graduate Education, Warsaw, Poland: Department of Physiology, University of School, Lordon: Berne, Switzerlaod: Fellowship for one year, to study by-prodUCts of hepatic PIP- W*

in experimental porphyria, and characterisation of ferrochelatasc. Wellcome European Fellowship in Clinical Investigation for one year, to study the influence of hypoxia on passive electrical properties in the cardiac cells.

Australia FLOREY EUROPEAN STUDENTSHIPS

Some years ago, with the help and advice of Professor F, The Trustees made an award in 1968 to the Queen's College, Oxford, to provide Fenner, the Trustees extended their scheme to provide one studentship annually over five years in memory of Lord Florey. ~t was Senior Research Fellowships in Clinical Science to include agteed that these studentships would be awarded to European post-doctoral medical research workers for research in Oxford. In 1973 a further award of research workers in Australia. During the period under $8,750 was made to provide Florey European Studentships for a further five review one such award was made. However, in view of the Years. very limited number of applications received for this type

of support, the scheme has been discontinued.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT Total allocation: 2268,567

I k : G . M a ~ , N w S o a t f i w ~ S e b o o l ~ ~ ~ ~ Hospital, Sydney: Grant to purchase an automatic gaUllm S-Ometer, to ~~ an assay of

Other Overseas Awards plasma and renal renin, using radioimmun08558~ of the a n d o d o n m by reaction.

As indicated in the Trust's Ninth Report, the Trustees feel WELLCOME AUSTRALIAN SENIOR WEARCH FEIJ..OwsHIP that, in the present international financial climate, their

support of research in developed countries overseas should CLINICAL SCIENCE

be limited. Nevertheless, they are prepared to consider m K J. ~kaser, Departmeat of Medidne, Univdb of Mdbomm: applications for the extension of visits of medical research wellcome Australian Senior Research Fellowship in CWai for UP to workers in the United Kingdom who have proved their five years, to study secretory irnmunoglobulins and the ~ ~ v e

diseases. I

worth and need to stay longer to complete an important t

project. Such applications are considered in competition RESEARCH ~ELLOWSH~PS with others in the same subject area, but are listed below j h;. J. L. Gollm, Del;lsrtment of -m, - - I I by country. The Trustees will continue to provide fellow-

ships for Japanese research workers visiting the United ~epwtment of Mediciw; ~ o y a l Pke HoaPrW Lwdoll: Kingdom. Fellowship for one year, to continue a study of the role of bile acids in i - t

clearance of bilirubin. ;I 80 81

f I

L

il i !

Mr. I. P. Queen% College, University of Melbourne: Department of Pathohm, Uaiversity of Cambridge: Fellowship for six months, to continue a study of antigenic composition and properties of highly purified influenza virus.

Dr. J. U, la Nauze, Department of MiaoMology, University of Melbowne: Departmeat of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge: Fellowship for three months, to study aspects of spore formation in Bacilfus megaterium and the mechanisms of action of the enzyme "phosphonatase".

Dr. J. MfLean, Department of ZooIogy, University of Melbtuaae: A.R.C. Institute of Animal Physio1ogy1 Cambddge: Fellowship for three months, to complete a study of the autonomic innervations of the salt gland of the goose and an investigation of axonal synthesis of acetylcholine.

h.. S. M. Packer, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney: Institute of ChtM Healttr, Londw: Fellowship for six months, to study clinical, biochemical, morphological and immunological aspects of coeliac disease in childhood.

Dr. M. Stewart, Udvedty of New South Wales: M.R.C. Laboratory of Moleealsr Biology, Cambridge: Fellowship for one year, to study interactions between m u d e proteins.

Dr. N. M. Tbomson, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Renal Unit, Adelaide: Renal Unit, Royal Postgmiduate M e d i d School, London: Fellowship for two years, to study the mediators of allergic glomerular injury.

Brazil .

Dr. E E Martinez, Fedwal Unimity of S o WO: Cardfmnsculsr Research Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical Scbool, London: Fellowship for six months, to study the viability of the anoxic myocardium.

Dr. M. Roeha e Silva, Federal University of S o Paulo: Department of Phanna- cology, St. Tbomasls Hospital Medical School, Londom Fellowship for three months, to study the independent release of the hormones of the posterior pituitary.

Canada

CAPITAL GRANT

Dr, D. G. Howell, Ontario Veterinary College, Untveraity of Guelph: Grant to assist the development of the Unit of Comparative Surgery at the University of Guelph.

RESEARCH flELLOWSHIP

Dr. G. A. Langford, DivMon of Reproductive Wrs job~, U d d d Br&M Columbia: Depirbent of Pbgslology d B-, of m Fellowship for one year, to undertake comparative studies on the ~~l l - l i ty~ morphology and functional role of the testicular capsule.

Chile

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Dr. M. Sapag-Ham, Department of B-, Udrensity of C'bib ment of Bioehemlstry, Univmi& College, Load011: Fellowship for one year, to study the initiation of lactopnesis and thc cwtrol of milk formation.

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Dr. M. R. KhoW, Departn~!at of Anatomy, Ains Shtmr U a h d h Crko: Department of Anatomy, U d d @ Cdfege of South W-: Fellowship for four months, to study the fine structure of the lining 6- of the renal pelvis.

India

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP

Professor P. N. Swena, Departroent of PItarma#)logy, M*U.hadb: National W t u t e for Medical Reseatch, Fellowship for six months, to study the role of prostaglandins as mediators of tbe fever of infectious diseases.


Dr. S. Edelstein, M d p d C?dtvefflBW& M e w m* I- m Tel-Aviv: Research expenses for one year, to study nceptcx protcios for vitamin D and its metabolites,

Japan

The Trustees have agreed to provide annually two -h fellowships for Japanese research workers to visit Britain. This scheme is administered in conjunction with the British Council in Japan. The Trustees consider this type of support important and will continue to provide such awards.

83


Dr. Y. Ito, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyus!ni University: Department of Biophysics, University College, London: Wellcome-Japanese Fellowship for two years, to study the effects of neurotoxins on transmitter receptors.

Dr. K. Kadota, Department of Pharmacology, University of Osaka: Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University College, London: Fellowship for six months, to undertake a biochemical and electron microscopical investigation of the proteinaceous networks and vesicular elements of the brain synapse.

Dr. S. Kobayashi, Department of Anatomy, School of Medich, Nilgata Uni- versity: Department of Human Morphology, University of Nottingham: Wellcome-Japanwe Fellowship for one year, to continue histochemical and electron microscope studies on extraadrenal chromaffin cells.

Dr. N. Suylf, Department of AnaesthesioIogy, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo: Research Department of Anaesthetics, Royal College of Smgeom, London: WellcomeJapanese Fellowship for one year, to complete a study of neuromuscular blockade during anaesthesia.

Malta

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

Professor W. H. Bannister, Department of Phydoiogy, Royal University of Malta: Grant to purchase an automatic recording sprlropolarimeter and to provide research expenses for three years, to undertake circular dichroism studies in continuation of investigations into the structure and function of copper proteins.

New Zealand


Dr. 3. A. I3owbyes, University of Ohgo: Department of Clinical Phannamlogy, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London: Fellowship for one year, to study the retinovascular changes in diabetic retinopathy and their treatment.

Mr. J. D. Hocking, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Massey University, Palmerston: Department of Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth College, London: ~ello%hip for two years, to undertake a protein-chemical study of lysosomal isoenzyrnes.

Dr. R, J. Lennane, Wellington Hospital: Medi;cal U& St. -S Horrpibl, London: Fellowship for one year and nine months, to study a probable gastr~~inttstkd monitor of sodium ingestion and the mechanism by which this modifies rcDat sodium handling.

Dr. A. N. Rockel, Department of Anatomy, Ud- of Ohgo: DLprbaaL of Human Anatomy, U n i d t y of Oxford: Fellowship for six months, to continue a study of the connections and intrinsic structure of the cerebral cortex.

Dr. T. 3. Simpsw, D e m m t of Medicine, U&& of Anckbud: of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical Sdmb Londaa: Fellowship for one year, to study the immunological mahdsmS involved in renal damage in sheep "Steblay" nephritis.

Dr. A. Vareoe, Departmat of Medicine, University of m of Clinical I n v e t t w , M-RC. Clinical Resesrdi C h W Ladar: Fellowship for two years, to study urea metabolism in hypoprokinaemEc syndrome.


University of AU-: - -

Suuulementaw m a t for research assistance and cxpmscs, to study thehormonaI

U.S.A.


D& R M. Could, U.S.A.: kRC. Wtnte of Aatmal Phyrd6bbSy, Fellowship for one year, to continue a study of the effect of myelin daived proteins on lipid exchanges in the myelin membrane.

Dr. W. T. Mason, Csse Western Reserve Udvdty , ClevePad, OMo: Physiological Laboratory, University of Csmbridge: Fellowship for six months, to study the ionic basis of visual excitation.

\

Dr. L. D. P d d g e , Departmeat of PnySrologV d U- of Washhgton, Seattle: Department of ~ o ~ , UllfoerdQ of Elrietol: Fellowship for one year, to study the effect of intradular sodium and lithium on the membrane properties of snail neurones.

! 85 i

ASSOCIATION OF MILITARY SURGEONS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Tbe Sir Heury Wellcome Medal and Prize awarded to Medical OfRcers of the Armed Forees of tbe United States of America or of the U.S. Publtc Health Service,

Zmfifuted by Sir Henry Welicorne in 1916

Thc Medal and Prize are awarded by the Council of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States of America, Washington, D.C., for an essay or a report on original research dealing with military applications of medicine.

1973 Major 0. Edwin McClusky, Medical Corps, U.S. Air Force, for his essay entitled "Perspectives in Renovascular Hypertension".

1974 Major Richnrd A. Albanese, Medical Corps, U.S. Air Force and Colonel John E. Pickeriag, School of Aerospace Medicine, U.S. Air Force (Ret'd.) for their essay entitled "Aircrew Vulnerability in Nuclear Encounters". (Joint Award).

Sir Henry Wellcome Travelling Research Fellowships

These fellowships, administered on behalf of the Trust by the Medical Research Council, were first awarded in 1961. The following fellowships were awarded during the period under review, bringing the total to 66.

1973-74

Mr. M. Levhe, Dental School, University of Glasgow: Department of Oral Biology, University of Washington, Seattie, U.S.A.: To undertake biochemical studies on human salivary proteins,

Dr. J. C. Marshall, Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham: Depart- ment of Medicine, Unfvedty of CaUCd, Torraace, U.S.A.: To study the control of pituitary gonadotrophin secretion by the hypothatamus and central nervous system.

h; J. L. Re& Royal Postgraduate Medical Schod, Lwdon: Nationnl Institute of Mental Healtb, National Wtutea of Health, Bethesda, U.S.A.: To study brain monoamines and the control of arterial blood pressure.

Dr. H. J. Rogers, Department of Medicine, Guy's Hospital M d c a l School, Londo!~: Department of Phamcology and Exwrimental Theramtiee .1ohne

~dversity, New York, U.S.A.: To study the role of m i n and angiotemin in nrperimflttat h y p t d m .

Dr. P. Beck, Department of Medical Biodrcmlrstry, W* N n t h d Scbd d Medicine, CPrditT: Haroard Medical School, & d O b U.SA: To develop immuno-assays of Cl-inhibitor and other compkmeot mnrponents.

Dr. P. G. H, Cbke, Laboratory of Physiolqly, U n f d af Odad: m- ment of Physiology and Anatomy, Stanford U n i d t y , W?.&: To trace axonal connection using various very recent tachn~quts.

Dr. D. B. Sartelle, A.R.C. Unit of Imr&le d m, Department of Zoology, Unfveraity of canwasc: av--t af pwdolw, Yale University School of Me&* U.S.A.: To study changes in neurone structure during synaptic transmission.

Dr. K. Whaley, Depdnent of Pathology, U d d t y of G m : Rokrt B. Brfgham HospIteI, Boston, U.S.A.: To study the metabolism of complement and properdin pathway proteias in patients with rheumatologic diseases.


Travel Grants

Travel Grants have been awarded at a cost of ;E70,400 to enable 373 research workers to visit various parts of the world.

Applications are considered throughout the year. Forms can be obtainsd from the Trust's ofice.

IV VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE

A Veterinary Panel was set up in 1968 to advise the Trustees on their support of research in the veterinary field. Appoint- ments were for five years and in October 1973 three members retired after completing their term of office. The Trustees are grateful to Professor R. R. A. Coombs (Cambridge), Professor W. F. Jarrett (Glasgow), and Professor C. S. G. Grunsell (Bristol), for their help and advice during this period. In order to ensure continuity, the Trustees invited Mr. S. L. Hignett and Mr. I. H. Pattison (A.R.C., Compton) to serve for a further three years, and Professor F. Cotchin (Royal Veterinary College, London), Professor D. L. Hughes (Liverpool) and Professor G. M. Urquhart (Glasgow) were appointed for five years. Mr. Pattison res~gned early in 1974 on his secondment to the Overseas Development Administration for veterinary research in Kenya. In selecting new members of the Panel, the Trustees bore in mind the new direction of their general policy.

During the period under review, the Trustees have continued to award grants in the broad field of veterinary medicine. Despite the fact that the first Veterinary Panel selected certain neglected areas in which they wished to encourage more research, the support provided has inevitably depended on the applications received. It has thus been concentrated in those areas where research is already active, namely immunology, parasitology and reproductive physiology.

In October 1972 the Trustees reduced the sum set aside for veterinary research from £300,000 to £200,000. It was decided that part of this cut should be met by a reduction in the number of scholarships and fellowships awarded, and these were accordingly reduced from eight to four each. When the Veterinary Panel was first formed in 1968 the chief need appeared to be to attract suitable recruits into veterinary research. The large number of applications for veterinary research training scholarships and fellowships over this period indicates that the need to attract recruits is no longer a top priority, but lack of an adequate academic career structure remains a problem.

In January 1974, the Veterinary Panel reviewed their policy, and decided that in future emphasis should be 'ven to the g support of small animal research, especially e study of those diseases in animals which have a beanng on diseases in man. Three areas were selected for particular support in future: toxicology, dermatology and mycology.

By selecting comparative projects for support in future, the Trustees hope to enable closer links to be forged between research workers in medical and veterinary school^. Illus- trations of the type of research which the Trustees are already supporting and wish to encourage is the work a t present being undertaken in Cambridge by Dr. A. C. Palmer in neuropathology and Dr. K. Barnett in ophthalmology. Another example is the study of the spinal cord being carried out in Glasgow by Dr. I. Griffiths.

The sum set aside for 1974-75 has been increased to £250,000.

CAPITAL GRANTS FOR BUILDINGS

Rr, B, Weaver, Depwbd of Veteriaary Sltgory, UU.ivendty of BrWoI: Supplementary grant to provide a building for studic. of l u g MOD, md collaborative studies with the medical department of anaesthetics.

RESEARCH EQUIPMENT

I*. G. ~rrr, ~opwtment of Veterinm' P a w , R& (W sdW of Veterinary Studies, Udvdty of Edinbmgh: Grant to pur~hu. equipment, to study the psth0- of N m t k virus.

Dr. A. C. Polmrer, D e p ' h l d of V- C l i a S- U.harib d Cambridge : Grant to purchase a diamond knife, to study the U t t r a s t t ~ t t ~ d tbc ~ ~ s W U S system.

Dr. G. B. Meese, Deparbent of Applied Biology, ASX: Imlbb of d.u Physiology, Cambridge: Grant to purchase a vidwtnp recorder, to study b.b.vio~ and d t i o n in the pig.

~ r ~ f ~ l o r A. T. ~mpson, ~ o p a r t m d of V e t e d m CIUI.I GYh. UakdW of Cambddge: Grant to ~urchase equipmat and to adapt a building for w d

Mr. A. C. Rowland, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Edinburgh: Grant to purchase an ultramicrotome, to study porcine intestinal adenomatosis.


1. Wellconle-Anintal Health Trust Research Fellowships:

Mr J. C. Hadky, Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Royal Veterinary College, London: Fellowship for three years, to study the role of prostaglandins in the bovine oestms cycle and at parturition, and of their clinical application in reproductive failure.

Mr. D. Lodge, Department of Physiology, University of Bristol: Fellowship extension for eight months, to continue neurophysiologi~l studies of that part of the brain stem of the cat involved in the control of respiration.

2. Wellcort~e Research Fcllo~i~ships:

Dr. A. K. R. Abou Akkada, Department of Microbiology, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen: Fellowship for one year, to study the physiolow and biochemistry of ciliate protozoa in ruminants.

Mr. C. R. Betton, Department of Animal PathoIogy, University of Cambridge: Fellowship for three years, to study cytotoxic allergic responses of dogs to soluble and cellular antigens.

Mr. I. R. Griffltlu, Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Glasgow: Fellowship and expenses for one year, to study spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in spinal cord trauma, compression and oedema.

Mr. D. N. Loy, Department of Veterinary Reproduction, University of Glasgow: Fellowship, research assistance and expenses for three years, to study Robert- sonian fusion translocations in sheep and cattle.

Dr. R. J. Lysons, Department of Animal Pathology, University of Cambridge: Fellowship for three yean, to study anaerobic bacteria in the crypts of the large intestine and their association with colonic disease.

Dr. A. R. Micheli, Department of Medicine, Royal Veterinary College, London: Fellowship for one year, to study metabolism in ruminants.

Dr. J. C. Remfry, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford: Fellowvship for two years, to study intestinal protozoa in primates,

Mr. P. H. RusseII, Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ghgow: Retraining fellowship for three years for a collaborative investigation of leukaemia in the cat.

~ r . B. -'of v~W PS-, U d e Of-: Fellowship for three years, to investi~te a comparative model y s t m h dog for the study of human chronic bronchitis.


Ten awards were made to junior postgraduate research workers for further research training.


Dr. D. Allan, Department 01 Veterlaary P a b W aod BaetdhW, Uabd@ of Liverpool: R e m h assistance and expenses for one year, to s t d y the Iwt immune mechanisms and enhancement of underlying cellular reponses to bacterial l i p pofysaccharide administered as antigens or as adjuvants.

Mr. W. E Akn, Depsbnent of Surgerg and Obsi&crp, R o w V e t e r b ~ College, Lnndon: Research assistance for two years, to study reproductive failure in m a m

D. K. C. Barnett, Rep.(ment of V- (WIPI S- udvw of Cambridge: Research assistance and expenses for two years, to undertake eleclmn miaoscopy studies in comparative ophthalmology.

Professor W. I. Bn*, h*-t of Adrml l'atww, U.hnuI of Cambridge : Research assistance and expenses for one y m , to sNdy respiratow diYIQ h the horse.

Dr. F. J. Boume, Departmeat of Animal RmbdW, Ud~tdb' d ~esearch assistance for three yem, to study the structure and flinchon of ~

immunoglobulin I& subclasses.

Dr. A. N. B-, Resesreh Ud4 F- of V- Sgr*

Massey University, New Zealand: Research assistance for three years, to study the replication of shtcp chromo- somes.

Professor A. ~urton, hpartmd d V e W P P t b W , of Veteriaary Sdea~e, Univdty of Edhh& mearch expenses for one year, to determine the nature of anti* -ton on

Dr. R. S. Comlh, Phydological Lobolrtt~Y, Udm'& of -.: Research assistance and expenses for one year, to study p m comco-staoid levels in the foetal and new born foal.

m. J. E. COX, a p t n s n t of vrrr*ul abtcat S- Uk.lrq. of Xhrpml: Research expenses for one year, to study the reproduct~ve e n d ~ ~ l b o t ~ l y of ibc male hors& 91

Dr. T. D. Glover, Unit of Reproductive Physiology, University of Liverpool: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study the factors affecting the male pituitary gonad axis.

Dr. L. W. Hall, Department of Veterhry Clfnicat Studies, Univenity of cambridge: Research assistance for one year, to undertake anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary research in horses.

Mr. P. G. Hignett, Department of Veterinary Reproduction, University of GlaPgow: Research expenses for two years, to study extra-scrotal sperm storage in the ram.

Dr. F. W. Hill, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol: Research assistance and expenses for thrce years, to study gastrointestinal function in the dog.

Dr. R. D. Hodges, Department of Poultry Research, Wye C o k e , Kent: Research assistance and expenses for six months, to undertake morphological and cytochemical studies on the intestinal malabsorption syndrome resulting from coccidial infections in the fowl.

Dr. E JarreW. Wellcome Laboratories of Experimental Parasitology, University of Gtasgow: ~ e s e a k n assistance and expenses for three years, to study the factors which infiuence the biosynthesis of reagenic (IgE) antibody and its role in dkrgic and parasitic disease.

Professor W. MulllQn, Department of V e t e r b PhysIolagy, University of Glasgow: Research assistance for one year, to study the effect of parasitic infection on body composition in the host.

P r o f w W. MdUgm, Deparfment of Veterinary Pbgniology, University of Glasgow: Research expenses for two years, to study breed and strain difference in suc- ceptibility to helminthic infections.

Ik. M. Mumy, Department of Veterinary Patbobgy, University of Glasgow: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to study effective vaccination programmes for economically important parasitic diseases.

Dr. A. C. Palmer, Deprtnent of Veterinary Wcal Studies, University of Chmbrfdee: ~-g"s"rtance for three years, to study naturally occurring and experi- mentally induced neurological Iwions.

Dr. A* C. Pahner, Department of Veterinary CIInIcal Shldla. University of CambnMge: R f s w ~ h assistance for two and a half years, to study the ultrastructure of the nervous system,

92

GRANTS IN AID OF PUBLICATION

Dr. I. R. GritNths, Demerit of Veterinary Surgery, Universfty of Glasgow: Cost of a colour illustration for an article on the pathology and pathogenesis of the myelopathies caused by disc disease. Journal of Neurological Sciences.

Dr. M. Hewilt, St. Auotell and District Hospital: Cost of colour illustration for an article, "Mites in the Personal Environment and their Role in Skin Disorders".

Dr. M. Stem, London : Cost of colour illustrations in a monograph to serve as a guide for the laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by clostridia.

TRAVEL GRANTS

TwenWne grants were made to enable veterinary research workers to make visits abroad to meet their colleagues or to collaborate in research programmes.


V HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine

There have been a number of important developments in the Wellcome Institute during the last two years.

The most significant is the Trustees' decision to establish an academic unit in the Institute, and to seek affiliation with the University of London. Both these proposals, which are part of the Trustees' general policy to promote the history of medicine as an academic subject, are now under active discussion. The Institute is already known internationally for its remarkable collections and for its contributions to medical history. The provision of a unit devoted to research and to teaching, both undergraduate and postgraduate, will not only increase further its reputation as a centre of scholarship, but will also help to advance the growing acceptance in this country of the history of mediclne as a vitally important field of study wbich impinges on many areas of knowledge. For its adequate evolution and in order to allow it to make mutually advantageous contacts with other disciplines, a university structure and attachment are essential.

At the same time the Trustees have been investigating the possibility of lacing their museum collections on permanent loan at t e Science Museum. In their Interim Report R for 1972-73, the Trustees described their reasons for opening these negotiations. The Trustees' proposals for the future of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum have

j

been accepted by the Department of Education and Science, l

but are subject to the approval of the Court, and are set out below: 1 "It is proposed that the Wellwme Historical Medical 1 Museum should, in the future, be held on loan by the Science i Museum. It would remain the property of the Wellcome Trust but responsibility for its management would be under- l

taken by the Director of the Science Museum with the j assistand of a committee appointed by the Wellcome Tmt I

regularly to the Wellcome Trustees and the Advisory Council of the Science Museum on matters affecting the collection and would suggest ways in which they could assist its continuing development. With this arrangement in mind the following criteria have been agreed:

1. The collection would be known and designated as The Wellcome Collection of the History of Medicine.

2. TheCommittee(WellcomeMedica1 Museum Committee) would have the following six members: a member of the Science Museum Advisory Council, the Director of the Science Museum, the Keeper of the collection, a Wellcome Trustee, the Director of the Wellcome Trust and the Director of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. It would be responsible for:

a. ensuring that every possible assistance is given to the Science Museum so that full use can be made of the collection as described in Sir Henry Wellcome's Will,

b. assessing whether the responsibilities described are being carried out satisfactorily.

c. allocating the funds provided by the Wellcome Trust.

3. The Science Museum would expect to appoint adequate staff to look after and service the collection to the same standard as for any other similar quantity of material in its care. The Wellcome Trust would ex ect a Keeper of the Science Museum to be in charge o the collection. P

4. The Science Museum would care for the collection according to its high standards; conserve and display it in accordance with modem concepts; keep items, which are not on display, in storehouses so that they can be made readily available to research workers and properly accredited people; arrange and maintain a permanent representative exhibition of the collection of a size appropriate to the importance of the subject and

the collection; prepare and keep up to date a catalogue of the collection.

5. The Science Museum would also undertake to q u i r e objects to develop the collection, to bring it up to date and to keep it so. (It is understood that when the Science Museum acquires objects for the extension of the wliection of the History of Medicine these would be national property, even though they might be inwrpoated in the same schemes of exhibition or systems of storage as the Wellcome collection proper.)

6, The WelIcome Trust, which remains the owner of the collection, would have the duty of ensuring that its collection was being properly cared for and would retain the right to make other arrangements for the preservation and maintenance of it at any time in the future. Such a right would not be exercised without due notice and without full consultation.

7. The Wellcome Trustees would make an appointment at Reader level for twenty years to the staff of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine to work on the collection at the Science Museum.

l

8. The Wellcome Trustees would be prepared to provide the Science Museum with a totd of up to ;E150,000 over five years to employ staff or enga f expert pro- fessional services to sort, catalogue an conserve the collection.

9. The Wellcome Trustees, on behalf of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, would be entitled to borrow any items from the Wellcome wIIection for use or exhibition in their Institute for reasonable periods and on reasonable notice.

10, The Wellcome Trustees would be prepared to consider applications from the Science Museum for the loan of pictures, etc., which are the property of the Trust,

11. The Wellcome Trustees would also be willing to consider requests for additional funds to provide fellowships for special studies on the collection and for the purchase of certain special items for the collection.

12. The proposed arrangements could be reviewed by the Wellcome Trustees and the Science Museum from time to time at the request of either party. Any alteration in the arrangements would be agreed in writing by both parties.

Arrangements for carrying out the proposals

It is proposed that the Wellcome Trust should continue to be responsible for the rent of the store at Enfield for up to four years, during which time the material would be gradually transferred to the Science Museum stores at Hayes. As the material was sorted out it would be disposed of as follows:

(i) Medical museum material would be made available to the Science Museum as well as any other non-medical scientific objects appropriate to'the purpose of the Science Museum.

(ii) Where there was undue duplication, these duplicates would be disposed of at the discretion of the Wellcome Trust. Any proceeds from such disposals would belong to the Trust.

(iii) Other material not required by the Science Museum for exhibition purposes or for research would be reviewed by the Wellcome Medical Museum Committee and either retained by the Wellcome Trustees or offered to other museums.

(iv) The responsibility for the safety and care of the collection would be transferred to the Science Museum as it was removed from the Trust's premises.

(V) The Science Museum would expect to remove all the material within four years."

The Trustees were pleasedeto see the incorporation of many items in the collection in a special exhibition on "The Breath of Life", which opened at the Science Museum in July, 1974. The opportunity offered to associate the Well- come collection with other scientific fields was well illus- trated. The Trustees hope that, now these proposals can be made public, the doubts that have been raised about the plan will have been settled. The Trustees consider that this arrangement would create great progress in the future care of the collection, improve its accessibility to the general public and scholars and enable the nation to develop a national museum responsibility in the History of Medicine.

The library and illustrative materials will not be included in the proposed transfer to the Science Museum and will be developed primarily to serve the needs of the academic unit. Already the more scholarly reader has been encouraged to use the library, and the increase in the proportion of those with academic or other institutional associations reflects this policy. The library continues to expand, a recent notable acquisition being a manuscript of a work by Galm (2nd century A.D.) which is of considerable scholastic importance.

Another ste in the direction of increasing the academic activity of e Institute has been the appointment of three tR Wellcome Research Fellows and four Research Training Scholars reading for the Ph.D. degree of the University of London. Two part-time Ph.D. candidates and a part-the M.A. candidate also study in the Institute, and two members of staff are preparing Ph.D. theses.

Consequent upon the Trustees' negotiations relating to the possible transfer of their Historical Museum to the Sdmce Museum, there has been an expected depletion of s t d and diminution in display area. Nevertheless the Museum has continued to provide most of its normal services to the public. There has, however, been a decline ia attendance (a fall of 40 per cent in 1973-74) due, in part, to the limitation of viewing times occasioned by more stringent security regulations. Additional factors, resulting from industrial action at the end of 1973 and the beginning of 1974, which

99

affected attendance at other museums in London, were also responsible.

During the period covered by this Report, there have been several staff changes. On 30th September 1973 Dr. F. N. L, Poynter retired as Director of the Institute (see page 108). He was succeeded by Dr. Edwin Clarke, who previously held the position of Reader in the History of Medicine at University College London. The Librarian, Mr. Eric Gaskell, resigned on 31st October 1973 in order to take up the position of Chief Librarian of the European Economic Community in Brussels, and he was replaced by Mr. Eric Freeman, the Deputy Librarian; Mr. Robin Price, an Assistant Librarian, was promoted to the latter post. Dr. Ruth Hodgkinson, consultant in the social history of medicine, will resign on 31st December 1974, having been appointed to the chair of the history of medicine at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.

The Institute's publication series which was begun in 1962, finished in 1973, but the catalogues of books and illustrations will continue to appear. Thus, the third volume of books in the library published between 1641 and 1850 (authors F to L) will be completed shortly. A complete list of the Institute's publications will be found on pages 114-1 17.

We can conclude that the two years, 1972-74, have been momentous ones for the Wellcome Institute, perhaps the most important in its history. With plans now formulated to add academic staff, standards, and affiliation to an already renowned institution, there seems little doubt that its future as a centre of excellence in the history of medicine is assured.

Stag of The Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine (us at 31st AugurlI974)

Director: Edwin Clarke, M.D., F.R.C.P.

Enid M. Slatter, B.SC,, Director's Research Assistant

Administration: G. Wilson, F.C.I.S. Secretary Evonne A. Garton, Administrative Assistant

Library : E, J . Freeman, B.&, A.L.A., Librarian R, M. Price, M.A., A.L.A.. Deputy Librarian H. R. Denham, F.L.A., Chief Cataloguer Patricia M. Hully, B.A., F.L.A., Assistant Librarian W. M. Schupbach, BA., A.L.A., Assistant Librarian Brenda Sutton, B.A., A.L.A.. Assistant Librarian H. J. M. Symons, M.A., A.L.A., Assistant Librarian Marianne Winder, M.A., A.L.A., Assistant Librarian

Museum: C. A. Sizer, B.Sc,, F.G.S., F.M.A., Curator Renate R. A. Burgess, Ph,D., Art Historian

Medical Historians: J . K . Crellin, P~.D. , M.SC., B.Pharm., M.R.c.S., L.R.C.P., M.P.S. Ruth Hodgkinson, Ph.D.

University Development of Medical History

The Sub-Department of the History of Medicine at Uni- versity College, London, was established in 1968 under the direction of Dr. Edwin Clarke. With the latter's appointment as Director of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, Dr. William Bynum was appointed Lecturer in charge. In June 1974 the Trustees agreed to provide funds to enable University College to appoint an additional lecturer for three years. University College now makes an annual contribution towards the expenses of the Sub- Department, and this contribution will increase each year, until a major part of the funds required are provided by the College.

The Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine in Cam- bridge began its work in 1971 and Dr. Robert Young was appointed Assistant Director of Research. Dr. Young resigned his appointment from 31st December 1974. The Trustees have now agreed to extend their support of the Unit so that its new head could be appointed for five years. Dr. R. K. French will take up the appointment of Assistant Director of Research in January 197.5. The Unit hopes to move shortly from its present temporary premises to permanent accommodation alongside the Department of the History and Philosophy of Science.

The Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine in Oxford began its work when Dr. Charles Webster was appointed Reader in the History of Medicine and head of the Unit in July 1972.

Grants in support of the History of Medicine

In 1968 the Trustees appointed an Advisory Panel under the chairmanship of Lord Cohen of Birkenhead to assist them in formulating their policy and in assessing applications for the support of the history of medicine. These appointments terminated in February 1974 and a new Advisory Panel was appointed by the Trustees, under the Chairmanship of Professor A. Rupert Hall of the Depart- ment of the History of Science and Technology at Imperial

102

College, London. The names of the other members of the new Panel are listed on page 113. The first meeting of the new Panel was held in May 1974. The members endorsed the view of the former Panel that, in view of the limited sum (£50,000 per annum) available for the provision of ad hoe grants for medical historical research, scholarship should be encouraged by the provision of personal support or research assistance for individuals engaged in specific research projects. In addition, the Panel decided that the following principles should be borne in mind when considering applications:

a) High priority should be given to applicants for mearch training scholarships and postdoctoral fellowships who show promise and are likely to progress towards academic careers in the history of medicine.

b) Priority should be given to the su port of projats

medical science history. B, clearly related to the core of me 'cal history and

c) Small sums should be made available for travel grants related to specific research projects.

d) Low priority should be given to requests in e x a s of £10,000, since it is considered preferable to support a number of smaller projects.

e) Low priority should be given to such cataloguing, maintaining or housing li rary or museum collections and the publication of books.


Miss K. E. Crowe, Wellcome Mtuk for tbe History of Mddne, Laada: Fellowship for two years, to study the medical mice of the British Amry in the revolutionary and earlier Napoleonic period, 1793-1 809.

ML'A. R. Cmnimham, sub-~epaKtmeat of the of B ~aimditg

College, London: WeUcome WMe for tbe a o r g of m: Fellowship for two years, to study the ~lationship the -g of medicine and medical thought, from the sixteenth to the aghteatth cc~lttms

Dr. A. Z, Iskandar, Egypt: Wellcome Institute for the History of Mediche, London: Fellowship for three years, to study medieval Arabic medicine,

Dr. P. C. Joimstone, Wellcome Unit for the Hfstory of Medichine, University of Oxford: Fellowship for two years, to study Arabic botany and pharmacology in the tenth century, with special reference to Muslim Spain.

Dr. M. Merrinston, School of Library Archive and Information Studies, University College, London: Fellowship and research assistance for two years, to produce a catalogue, calendar and handlist of the archives of Francis Galton.

Dr. F. N. L. Poynter, France: Honorarium and research expenses for three years, to write a History of British Medicitt e.


Seven awards were made to junior postgraduate research workers for further research training.


Mr. R. Cooter, Wellcome Unit for the History of Medlclne, Uioversity of Ckmbddge: Research expenses to compile a bibliography of phrenology for nineteenth- century Britain.

l

Mr. M. J. Durey, Trlnfty and All Saint's Colleges of Education, Leeds: Research expenses to complete primary research for a Ph.D. thesis on the social history of cholera in Britain.

Mr. W. D. Hackmaan, hlmeum of the History of Science, Oxford: Research expenses for two years, to study the development of medico-electrical instruments in the 18th and 19th centuries and to catalogue relevant material in the Wellcome Institute.

Dr. A. Holman, University College Hospital, London: Research expenses to enable him to collect material for a biography of Sir Thomas Lewis.

Mr. A. Kingslcy Brown, The Hunterinn Society, London: Research expenses for one year, to catalogue the Hunterian Collections.

Professor E. A. Marsland, Department of Oral Pathology, University of Blrmtngham: Research assistance and expenses for three years, to continue support of the Dental History Unit.

104

Dr. J. H. Musgrave, Departmeat of Anatomy, Udvasfty of BMok Research assistance and expenses, to make a radiographic examifdo11 of human remains from Purgos and elsewhere on Crete.

Dr. R. Smith, Department of History, Urrlvendty of LoPrPster: Research expenses to study neurophysiology and medical psychology in the nineteenth century.

Professor A. P. Waterson, Department of Virology, Royal Postgmbbe Medial School, London: Research assistance for three years, to study the development of the wocq,t of a vints as a biological entity.

Dr. M. Whitrow, London: Research expenses for two years, to complete Volumes 3 and 4 of tht Isis Cumulative Bibliography.

TRAVEL GRANTS

Nine grants were made for travel in connection with resemh in the history of medicine,

-- -

Total allocation: £102,350

V1 THE TRUSTEES AND THEIR STAFF

During the past two years, three Trustees have decided to retire and their successors have been appointed. Sir Michael Swann, F.R.S. replaced Lord Murray of Newhaven in October 1973, Sir William Armstrong will replace Mr. R. M. Nesbitt in October 1974 and Professor W. S. Peart, F.R.S. will replace Professor H. Barcroft, F.R.S. in January 1975.

Lord Murray had been a Trustee since 1965. His experience as Chairman of the University Grants Committee made him uniquely qualified to advise the Trustees on all matters related to university developments. In addition, his experience as Director of the Leverhulme Trust Fund made him especially aware of the role of private foundations. He provided a critical and balanced judgement on matters of policy development and was a great help to the Trust in the formulation of its present policy both in research and in the history of medicine, in which he played an important role. We miss his company and his counsel.

Mr. R. M. Nesbitt succeeded Mr. ~ laude Bullock, one of the first Trustees, in 1961. As senior partner in the City legal firm of Markbys, Sir Henry Wellcome's lawyers, he was able to draw on a long experience of the legal back- ground of the Trust. He kept a close scrutiny on all legal aspects of the Trust's activities and was always especially interested in its financial affairs. In addition, he was a member and later Chairman of the Committee of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine for eleven years.

Professor Barcroft, who will be retiring at the end of 1974, joined the Trust as a "Scientific" Trustee in October 1966 in succession to Sir John Boyd. His responsibilities have been largely in the fields of physiology and pharmacology, the areas previously covered for so many years by the late Sir Henry Dale. Professor Barcroft brought to the Trust a concentrated interest in his field, developed over years of meticulous research. He could always be counted on to

106

stand up strongly for a fair deal for the basic sciences. He also brought to all our meetings a degree of charm and concern for the welfare of others which will be sadly missed. Sir Michael Swann now provides the Board of the Trust with that knowledge of the universities which had previously come from Lord Murray. He resigned from the Vice-chancellorship of the University of Edinburgh on his appointment as Chairman of the B.B.C. in 1973. Sir Mlchael's university administrative and biological research experiences enable him to bridge both the scientific and administrative sides of the Trust's activities.

The Rt. Honourable Sir William Armstrong will become a Trustee in October 1974. His experience as former head of the Civil Service and the Treasury will be invaluable. He is the Chairman-designate of the Midland Bank. Sir William Armstrong was created a Life Peer in the 1975 New Year Honours List.

Professor Peart, Professor of Medicine at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, combines physiological and clinical experience, and as a former member of the Medical Research Council and now of the Advisory Board of the Research Councils, he will be able to keep the Trust in close touch with relevant policy developments elsewhere.

The Trustees were very pleased at the appointment of Professor R. H. S. Thompson as a Companion of the Most Honourable Order of the British Emp~re and also at his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Mr. J. E. K. Chrke retired as Financial Secretary of the Trust on 31st August 1974. He is the last link with the Board of Trustees appointed by Sir Henry Wellcome, havin been made Secretary of the Trust at its first meeting. is b o w- ledge of the Trust's affairs, especially during the first thirty years, is truly encyclopaedic. During that early period and since 1966 as Financial Secretary, he was responsible for the financial side of the Trust's affairs, based on the City finn of Viney Memtts, where latterly he was a senior partner. His knowledge and experience enabled him to look after the finances of the Trust with a light touch which greatly e a d

107

the development of its scientific policy, He nurtured it through the early awkward years and must be gratified to see what he leaves behind, It is difficult to imagine meetings without him. The retirement of Mr. Clarke, together with the move to a new office, has made it possible for the Trust to bring all its affairs under one roof with the appointment of Mr. K. C. Stephenson as Finance Officer to the Trust. He was formerly Finance Officer at the Polytechnic of Central London. The association of the Trust with Viney Merretts will continue as they now become the Trust's auditors in succession to Touche Ross & Co.

On the legal side, the Trust has appointed Mr. F. C, S. Tufton, senior partner of Markbys, as legal adviser, an appointment which the Trustees felt became desirable on the retirement of Mr. Nesbitt. Mr. Tufton has for many years handled the legal affairs of the Trust.

Finally, the Trustees have to record the retirement of Dr. F. N. L. Poynter as Director of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. Dr. Poynter's service to Sir Henry Wellcome began during the latter's lifetime and he devoted his whole career to Sir Henry, his Foundation, and then his Trust. He thus was the creator, out of Sir Henry Wellcome's purchases, of the splendid library of the Wellcome Institute, where he was Chief Librarian. On his appointment as Director of the Wellcome Institute, he took on the task, in the enlarged space made available, of creating a much expanded exhibition for the museum. He is a man of prodigious drive, who during his time with the Trust created a unique institution and established the international reputation of the library and museum. During his career, he achieved eminence in the history of medicine, having occupied virtually every office open to him in the field in this country and internationally, He was awarded honorary degrees by the Universities of Kiel and California.

Dr. Poynter has retired to the Dordogne where he is writing a history of British medicine. His contribution to the development of the history of medicine in Britain has been unique and the Trustees wish him a happy and long retirement.

should concern itself with problems of a broa&er nature than the simple disbursement of their income, They therefore encourage their staff to undertake research or other activities that are related to but are not necessarily directly within the province of the Trust.

During the past year, Dr. Williams has been particularly concerned with the problems of association between medical research charities, and interchange of experience with other foundations both in the United Kingdom and overseas.

Thus the Standing Conference of Medical Research Charities brings together, twice a year, the chief executives of charities which support medical research to discuss matters of common Interest. The meetings provide a suitable opportunity to hear from invited guests about matters of current importance to the whole group. During the past two years .the Conference has heard talks by Sir John Gray (Medical Research Council), Sir Douglas Black (Department of Health and Social Security), Sir Michael Swam Chancellor, University of Edinburgh), Sir Charles Stuart- Harris (Chairman, University Grants Committee Medical Committee), Sir Frederick Dainton (Chairman, University Grants Committee) and Mr. Tom Green (Chief Charity Commissioner). Dr. Williams has been Chairman. of the Standing Conference throughout the past two years. There have also been occasional informal meetings between the main foundations in Britain.

In Europe, the Hague Club, the informal association of chief executives of certain foundations in Europe with international terms of reference, continues to meet regularly. During the past two years it has revised its constitution and has elected Dr. G. Gambke, Secretary General of the Volkswagen Foundation, as its Chairman for two years. A meeting of the Club was held at the Wellcome Trust's offices in London on 27th and 28th September 1974, and was a fitting inauguration for the Trust's new premises.

An international symposium on the future of philanthropic foundations was organised by the Ciba Foundation to celebrate its 25th anniversary in June 1974. During the three-day meeting, Dr. Williams gave a paper and many matters of great interest were discussed. The book resulting from the symposium will be published later in 1974.

Dr. Williams has been invited to be a member of the Com- mittee of Enquiry into Charity Law set up by the National Council of Social Science under the chairmanship of Lord Goodman.

The Director was privileged to be invited to be a member of the British Council Medical Delegation which visited China in April 1974 and took the opportunity to learn of the arrangements for medical care, education and research in that country.

During the period under review Dr. Williams has given papers on the following subjects: Policy Making and the Foundations (Medical Research Society Symposium on the Organisation and Financing of Medical Research, December 1973), The Role of Non-Governmental Funds in Support of Research (Library and Lay Section of the Royal Society of Medicine Symposium on the Support of Medical Research by Foundations and Charities, May 1974) and Independence and Experiment: Experience of the Wellcome Trust (Ciba Foundation 25th Anniversary Symposium on Future of Philanthropic Foundations, June 1974). In July 1974 an article on The pltilosophy of non-governmental support for medical schools by Dr. Williams was published in the first edition of the Welsh National School of Medicine's journal, 'Review'.

Dr. Hanington continued with her research on migraine and was able to show that phenylethylamine is the substance in chocolate which precipitates attacks.* Her early postulate that dietary migmne would be shown to be due to a deficiency of specific monoamine oxidases has now been demonstrated by Sandler and Youdim who have analvsed *~andler, M*, Youdim, M. B. H, and Hanington, E., A phenylethylamine oxidising defict in migraine. (Nature, Vol. 250, No. 5464, pp. 335-337, July 1974).

l10

specimens of blood from patients and others whom she has studied at the clinic whch she ran until recently at the Middlesex Hospital. Dr. Hanington jointly with Professor Sandler and Dr. Youdim were awarded a gold medal by the British Migraine Association for this work. Dr. Hanington has also published a book on migraine.*

Dr. Hopwood, who is in charge of the Trust's tropical medical programme, has a long-standing interest in medical care in tropical countries. The Trustees have agreed that he should spend part of his time developing an experimental system for teaching this subject and he has received grants from the Ministry of Overseas Development and the Nuffield Foundation for this purpose. During the period

,

under review he was elected a member of the Faculty of Community Medicine,

Dr. Bembridge has now taken charge of the Trust's Euro- pean programme and is especially concerned with developing the new scheme for international collaboration grants.

!

Mrs. Valerie Crust has resigned from the post of Adminis- i trative Assistant to the Director to have a family. Her final task for the Trust has been the preparation of this report. i We are sorry she has to leave and wish her joy in her new i life, I l The Wellcome Trust moved into its new accommodation at No. 1 Park Square West, London N.W.1 on 7th Septem- ber 1974. This beautiful building was designed for the activities of the Trust, retaining the old Nash facade, b d' Mr. K. Peacock of the Louis de Soissons Partnership, b t over the past three years by Holloway, White, Allom and Partners and decorated and furnished to the designs of Mr. K. Townend.

The whole operation has been looked after on behalf of the Trustees during the past four years by Mr. Barren, the Trust's Administrative Officer.

*Hanington, E., Migraine. (Priory Press, London, 1974), E2.50.

111

A most elegant building has been produced which provides all the facilities necessary for the Trust to extend its role in the development of medical research. Not only will all the functions of the Trust now be under one roof, but it is hoped that the facilities for small research meetings can be made available to others.

I t is a great pleasure to record our thanks to Mr. Peacock and his associate, Mr. J. F. Williams, the architects, for such an excellent design and for their attention to all our detailed requests, to the builders and other contractors who were able to complete the work very near to the anticipated finishing date, and to Mr. Townend, the interior designer, for his excellent work.

Within the office, the responsibility fell on the shoulders of Mr. Barren who has taken on the whole task with coolness and tact. He has been assisted most ably by Messrs. Metcalfe, Hooker and Griffin. Mr. Hooker played a special part in seeing to all those details which go with the move of an office and the creation of a new and functional unit without

Wellcome Trust Advisory Panels History of Medicine (appointed 1974) Professor A. R. Hall, M.A., PhD. (Chairman) Professor C. C. Booth, M.D.. F.R.C.P. Professor A. G. Dickens, C.M.G., M.A., DLitt, F.B.A., F S A Professor P. Mathias, M.A. Professor Sir John McMichael, M.D;, F.R.C.P., F.R.S. Professor L. G. Stevenson, M.D,,P~.D. Dr. P. 0. Williams, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P. (Secret8ry) Dr. E. S. Clarke, M.D., F.R.C.P. (Assessor)

Veterinary Medicine (appointed 1973) Professor R. H. S. Thompson, C.B.E., M.A., D.M., D.%, F.R.C.P.,

F.R.C.Path.. F.RS. (Chairman) Professor E, Cotchin, D.&. Professor D. L. Hughes, PhD., F.R.C.V.S. Mr. S. L. Hignett, BSc., F.RC.V.S. Professor G. M. Urquhart, P ~ D . Dr. P. 0. Williams, M.A., M.B., F.R.C.P. Dr. Edda Hanington, M.D. (Secretary)

Anglo-German Committee Dr. P. 0. Williams, M,A,, M,B,, F.R.C.P. (Chairman) Professor G. V. R. Born, D.Phii., F.R.S. Professor R. R. A. Coombs, &D.. M.R.C.V.S., F.R.S. Professor A. C, Dornhorst, M.D., F.R.C.P. Professor K. Fleischhauer Professor T. M. Fliedner, M.D. Professor G. Meyer-Schwickerath

Acknowledgement The Trustees would like once again to record their gratitude to the many scientific advisers and others who have helped them in assessing the applications which have come before them for consideration, and particuIarly the members of their advisory panels.

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Index of Subjects

WC Sciwecr, 36-53 Greece, 73 Anatomy, 36-37 Hungary, 7475 Biochemistry (General), 37-39 Iceland, 75

Carbohydfate Biqchemistry, 39 Italy, 75-76 Enzyme Blochemetry. 39 Norway. 76 HormoneBiochemistry. 40 Poland, 77 Lipid Biochemistry, 40 Romania, 78 Protein Biochemistry, 41 Spain, 78 Steroid Biochemistry. 41 Sweden, 78-79

Biophys~cs, 41-42 Switzerland, 79 Epidemiology, 42 Symposia and Workshops, 70 Genetics. 42 Histolo~, 43 Immunology, 43-44 Mkxobiology, 4445 Molq~$uBiology. 45 Nutrrt~on, 45 Patholonv. 46-47

History of Medicine, 95-105 University Develonment of Medical

Historj, 102 - Wellcome Institute for the History of

Medicine, 95-101 -. .- P h m w l o g y (including ToxicoIogy),

47-49 Interdisciplinary Linkage, 16-17 Physiology, 49-52 Repfoductive Physiology. 52-53 Tox~wlogy, see Pharmacology

C h W Sekaees, 17-36 Anaesthesia, 17 Cardiology, 18 Dentistry, 18 Dermatology, 19-21 Enddnology, 21-23 Gastroenterology, 23-24 Haematology, 24-25 Mental Disorders, 25-26 Metabolic Disorders, 26-28 Neurology. 28-30 Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 30 Oohthaholonv. 31 OithopaedIcs~i-32 Paediatrics. 32-33 Radiology,-33 Respiratory Disorders, 33 Surgery. 34-35 Urogtnital Disorders, 35 Vascular Diseases. 36

EmopeDll Rogtamme, 68-80 Austria. 70 Bulgaria. 70 Collaboration Grants, 69-70 Czechoslovakia. 71 Denmark, 71 European Society for Clinical

Investigation, 79-80 Finland, 71 Homy European Studentships, 80 France, 72 Germany. 72-73

Overseas Awards, 80-87 Argentina, 81 Australia. 81-82 Brazil, 82 Canada, 82-83 Chile, 83 Egypt, 83 India, 83 Israel, 83 Japan, 83-84 Malta, 84 New Zealand, 84-85 U.S.A., 85-86

Sir Henry Wellcome Travding Research FeUo~ship~, 86-87

ravel Grants, 87

Tropical Medicine, 5668 Pan American Health Organization, M) Research Units, 56-58,61

Btafil (Wernf! 56-57 Ethtop~a (Addis Ababa), 58 India (Vellore), 56 Ke?ya (Nairobi), 57-58

Vetennary Medstne, 67-68 Wellcome-London-Harvard Scheme,

58-59 West Indies University (Tropical

Metabolism Research Unlt), 60

Veterfnary and Comparative Medicine, 88-94

Wellcome Trust Advlsory Panels, 113

Index of Research Grants

Argent Ina Florin~hristensm, Dr. A., 81 Llambras, Dr. E. B. C.. 81

caaaq. Handwcrkcr, Dr. H. O., 73

Australia Fraser, Dr. K. J., 81 Gollan, Dr. J. L., 81 G r a m Dr. M., 64 Griffith, Mr. I. P,. 82 Jose, Dr. D. G., 65 la Naum, Dr. J. M,, 82 Macdonald, Dr. G,, 81 McLean, Dr. J., 82 Packer, Dr. S. M,. 82 Stewart, Dr. M,, 82 Thomson, Dr. N. M,, 82 Turner, Dr. K. J.. 64

Alabia

Grrcct Kalpaktsoglou, Dr. P. K., 65 . Kou.tsaimanis. M e w , Professor Dr. K. G.. G., 65 73

PyrovoIakis, Dr. S., 23 Stathopwlos, Dr. G.. 73 Zacfiarculis, Dr. A A., 73

HadPru Moncada, Dr. S., 65

Ha00 Koag Wong. Dr. Y.C.. 63

Bcrgmann, Dr. H R;, 70

&PEII Martinez, Dr. E. E,, 82 Rocha e Silva, Dr. M,, 82

Tsankov, Dr. N., 70

Canada Howell, Dr. D. G., 82 Langford, Dr. G. A., 83

C e y h Seneviratnc, Profksor K. N., 66

CMe Sapag-Hagat, Dr. M., 83

Clecboslovakln Barnet, Dr. K.. 71 Palecek, Dr. F., 71

Denmark Normann. Dr. T., 71 Pedersen, Mr. J. C, L., 71

Wpt Khorshid, Dr. M. R., 83 Iskandar, Dr. A. Z., 104

EWopln Price, Dr. E. W., 66

Adam, Frindel, Dr. Dr. C. E., M. 72 M., 79

Halbwachs, Miss M.-L.. 72 L'Hirondel, Dr. C. H. R,, 72 Povnter. Dr. F. N. L.. 104 - v - - - - - . - - - - - wan#. Dr. A. C. C., 72

H ~ l p r ~ r Born, Dr. P,, 74 Csn, Dr. M. A., 74 D m , Dr. C N.. 74 Gaa, Dr. G., 74

E%!%"Zii? , - - - - . . . . !. m. J.. 74 Juhasl. - . . . . ,

L ~ ~ , Miss M;, 74 P a l t Dr. I., 74 Rohlich, Dr. P., 75 Samen, Dr. G.. 75 Tenvi. Dr. L. 75

falpI1 Valdimars~m, Dr. H., 75

India Bhutani, Dr. L. K., 61 Dcvanandaa. Dr. M. S., 62 Dey, Dr. P. K., 62 Job, Professor C K., 65 Koky. Dr. B., 62 Pant, Dr. H, C., 67 Saxena, Professor P. N., 83

m AI-Anawi, Dr. H. T., 62 Shakir, Profemr A., 63

Edelstein, Dr. ~..83-- Goldbfum. Professor N., 45 Schnur, Dr. L. F., 63

Fazio, Dr. F., 76 Ibly

Fcsti, Dr. D., 76

Jamaica Alleyne, Professor G. A. O., 64 Barthoiomew, Dr. C, F., 64 Fraser. Dr. H.. 62 Jackson, Dr. A. A., 62

Japan 110. Dr. Y.. 84 Kadota, Dr. K.. 84 Koba;yashi, Dr. S., 84 Suga~. Dr. N.. 84

Kenya Cunningham, Dr. M. P,. 64 Foy. Dr. H.. 64 Siddons. Dr. R., 63

Malta Bannister, Professor W. H., 84

Netherlands van Rood, Professor J. J., 70

New Zealand Bowbyes, Dr. S. A., 84 Bruere, Dr. A. N., 91 Hocking, Mr. J, D,, 84 Lennane, Dr. R. J., 85 Liggins. Professor G. C., 85 R.ockel, Dr. A. N., 85 S~mpson. Dr. T. J.. 85 Varcoe. Dr. A., 85

Nigeria Antia, Professor A. U,, 64 Nwokolo, Professor C., 66 Salako. Dr. L. A.. 63

Norway Carlbcrg. Dr. G. E., 76 Westgaard, Mr. R. H., 76

Potand Beresewicz. Dr. A.. 79 Cempel, Dr. M., 77 Gryglewski. Professor R.. 77 Huszcuk, Dr. A. R., 77 Majcherczyk, Dr. S.. 77 Pietrek. Dr. J. H.. 80 Rudnicka, Dr. W., 77 S t y k a - B a n z a k , Dr. J.. 77 Wojtcrak. Dr. J.. 80 Zebro, Dr. T., 77

Romania Bcnga, Dr. B.. 78

stngapore Karirn, Professor S. M. M., 65 Wong. Dr. K. P,, 62

Spain Arroyo-Perez, Dr. V., 78 Gassull, Dr. M.-A., 78 Pena-Martinex, Dr. J., 78 Purroy Unanua. Dr. A., 78

Swftrwland Row. Dr. D. S.. 66

Tarugnia Kingdon, Mr. J. S., 65

UNITED KINGDOM

Aberdeen Abou Akkada, Dr. A, K. R., 90 Douglas, Professor A. S., 24 Duguid, Professor J. B., 36 Munro, Mr. A., 35

Belfast Crockard, Mr. H. A., 34 Elmore, Professor T. D., 46 Hogg, Dr. D. H., 79

Birmingham Bishop. Professor J. M.. 50 LuG, Mr. M. L, 17 Marshall, Dr. S. C., 21, 86 Marsland, Profcssor E. A., 104 P f y , Professor S. V., 41 S~lllto. Dr. A. M.. 51 ---. .. . .., -.

tanw worth, Dr. D, R., 44 Walton, Professor K. W., 22,47 Wolstencroft, Professor J. H,, 52 Zbrozyna, Dr. A. W., 52

Bristol Ashlw. Dr. C. C.. 50 Boume, Dr. F. J., 91 Bullcr, Professor A. J., 49, 50 Crow. Dr. H. J., 29 Darling, Professor A. J., 18 Denton, Dr. R. M,, 40 Griffith, Dr. H. B., 35 Hill. Dr. F. W.. 92 - -~ - . - .

Lodge, Mr. D.:!% Musgrave, Dr. J. H., 105 Povey, Dr. R., 93 Purves, Dr. M. J., 51'69 Randle. Professor P. J., 37 Richmond, Professor M. H., 69 Rogers, Dr. A. F., 18 Venier Jones, Dr. J., 44 Weaver, Dr. B.. 89

Cambridge Barnelt, Dr. K. C., 91 Betton, Mr. G. R., 90 Beveridp, Professor W. I., 91 Born, Professor G. V. R., 47,48,69 Calne, Professor R. Y.. 35

Came, Professor H. R., 44 Cornline, Dr. R. S., 91 Coombs, Professor R. R. A., 43 Cooter, Mr. R., 104 Cross, Dr. B. A., 29 Cuthbert. Dr. A. W.. 22 - - -- .. - -. . -~ . . . , -- Ellar, Dr. D.. 38 Gale, Professor E. F., 45 Hall, Dr. L. W., 92 Hardy, Dr. R. N., 50 Keynes, Dr. R. D., 78 Lyso?s, Dr. R, J., 90 Martm, Dr. K., 73 Meese, Dr. G. B., 89 Mills, Professor I. H., 20,41 O'DonneU, Mr. J. M., 75 Palrner. Dr. A. C.. 89.92.93 - . . . . -. . . , . . . . . . - . . - . . . . , . . Peters, Professor Sir Rudolph, Phillipson, Professor A. T., 89 Rossdale. Mr. P. D.. 93 ~owlands, Dr. I. W;, 53 Sartelle, Dr. D. B.. 87 Shaman, Dr. D. F., 38 White, Mr. R. W.. 93 Whitehead, Dr. R. G., 66

cacdiff Badawy, Dr. A. A. B,, 25 Beck, Dr. P,, 87 Dolby, Dr. A. E., 18 Hughes, Professor L. E., 35 Marks, Dr. R., 20 Mounsey, Dr. J. P. D., 20,42 P~cton-Thomas, Dr. J.. 20 Stephens, Dr. M, R,, 72

Dublin Bourke, Dr. E., 28

Dundee Martin, Professor J. H., 42 Stoward, Dr. P. J., 46

Edhburgb Bariow, Dr. R, B., 48 Buxton, Professor A., 91 Ford, Dr. W. C. L., 62 Fonest. Professor A. P. M,, 34 ~raser,br. G., 89 Hunter, Dr. R H. F., 53 Oliver, Dr. M. F., 40 Rowland, Mr. A. C., 90,93

Exetet Rydon, Professor H. N., 39

Glasgow Blumgart, Dr. L. H., 50 Doyle, Esumoso, Dr. Dr. J. J., G. 79 O., 67

Ferguson, Mr. D. J. P., 71 Griffiths, Mr. I. R., 90, 94 Hamilton, Mr. D. N. H.. 34

Harper, Dr. M,. 36 H W t , Mr. P. G., 92 Jamtt, Dr. E.. 92 Lev~ne. Mr. M,. 86 L o k Mr. D. N., 90 McGrath, Mr. J. C., 17 Mclntyn, Profcs~~r: W., 68 Mackenzie, Mr. R J., 34 Mack. Dr. D. S.. 30 --. ... - . - . . * - . M m , Dr. F.. 33 Mulligan. Professor W., 68,92 !=p M,. 92

r. P. H., 90 Umuhart. Professor G. M,. 93 ,Whitley, Dr. K.. 87 - Wheeldon, Mr. E. B., 91 Weipen, Sir WUliam, 93 Wilson, Dr. W. S., 52

ImaBia Smilh, Dr. R., 105

Lee& Duny, Mr. M. J., 104 Forbes, Dr. J. M., 28 Mary, Dr. D. A. S. G.. 18

Lkapod Allan, Dr. D.. 91 Cox, Mr. J. E., 91 Cuschieri. Dr. A.. 39 Glover. Dr. T. D;, 92 Jones, Dr. I. L., 79 Owens, Dr. D.. 23 Peters, Professor W., 66 Reid, Dr. H. A., 66

LONDON BriUsi,Pastlprdorbc MedsaiFedmtb

Ashton, Professor N., 31.69 Banatt, Dr. T. M., 32 Birley, Dr. J., 28 Booth, Profcsror c. C. 43, 64 , Boxky, Dr. J. D., U) Bnxkenridge, Dr. A.. 47 Davison, Professor A. N., 29 Dewhmt. Professor C. J.. 16 Dollcry, Professor C. T., 31,47 Dubowitz, Professor V., 33 Elves, Dr. M. W., 31 Ettlingcr, Dr. G., 29 F d , Dr. I. B., 34 Fotherby, Dr. K., !U F-, Professor R.. 22. Harries, Dr. S. T., 24 Harriuon, Mr. R. A, 16 Holm, Dr. 0.. 29 Hughcs, Dr. J, M. B., 49 Jones, Professor B. R., 31,65 Lader, Dr. M. H.. 69 Lceman. Dr. S., 17 I.ewis, Dr. S. M*, 24

MacIntyrc, Professor I.. 46 Mucklow. Dr. J. C.. 47 Ncale, Dr. G., 65 Pearse, Professor A. G. E., 21 Perkins, Professor E. S., 31 Peters. Dr. T. J.. 46 - . - - - . - - . - - - - , - - Rcid. Dr. J. L., 47. 86 Rickards, Dr. A. F.. l 8 Sandler, Dr. M.. 16 Schellandcr, Dr. F., 20 Shillingford, Professor J. P,, 51 Sm.ith, Dr. A. U., 32 Stetner, Professor R. E., 33 Sykes, Professor M. K., 17 Tulloch, Dr. B., 21 Wadl . Dr. D. A., 63 Waterson, Professor A. P., 105 Zorab. Dr. P. A,, 33

Bnmel University Elliott, Dr. R. C. 47 Slater, Professor T. F.. 38

Cbarrng C- Hospital (including Med~cal School)

Neuberger. Professor A.. 38 de Wardener, Professor H., 52 WLon, Dr. W.A., 63

Guy's Hospital (includmg Medical School)

Benson. Dr. P. F.. 32

Lista Institute Chester. Dr. M. A., 78 Watkins, Professor W. M., 46

London Hospital (includtng Medtcal College)

Burleigh. Mr. D. E., 16 Hardy, Dr. D. G., 34 Swash. Dr. M., 49

Loadon Woo1 of Hygiene a d Tropical Medicine

Bruce-Chwatt, Professor L. J., 67 Lumsden. Professor W. H. R.. 61.65 Nelson, Professor G. S., 61,65 Gordon Smith, Dr. C, E,, 61 Waterlow, Professor J. C., 28,41,66

M~iddleseX.Hospita1 (includmg Med~cal School)

McMichad. Dr. H. B.. 51 Mills, Dr. G. L., 40 Nabarro, Dr. J. D. N., 53 O'Riordan, Dr. J. L H., 22 Paul. Dr. R. C.. 63 - . . . . - - . - - - - . . - - Semple, Professor S. J.. 51 Sihnan, Dr. R, E., 21

Royal College of Surgeons Vane, Professor J, R,, 48

Camcron, Dr. J. S., 35 Gosl~ng, Dr. R. G., 50 Royal Free Hospital Hamann, Dr. W. C., 49 (includtng Medtcal School) Keen, Professor H., 27 Thomas, Dr. P. K., 29 Romrs, Dr. H. J., 86 Zaimis, Professor E., 48

Imperial College of &lence and Techno1ogy Royal Veterinary College

Allen, Mr. W. E., 91 (including Imperial Colfcgc Field Station ~ ~ d l ~ ~ , J. C,, 90 Silwood Park. Berkshim)

Bcloff-Chain, Dr. A., 27 Michell, Dk A, R., 90 Bradford. Dr. H. F.. 38 Plowright, Professor W., 93 .. . . . Garnham, ~ ro fes so i~ ;~ . C, 62 Hamson. Mr. R. A., 16 St. Eartholomew*~ Hospital Hems, Dr. D. A.. 28 (including Medical School) Ready, Mrs. P., 66 B-r, Dr. G. M,, 22 Southwood, Professor T. R. E.. 66 de Burgh Daly, Professor M,, 49

Chard. Dr. T.. 53 K e y Institute of Rllwnmtobgy

Dumonde, Dr. D. C.. 44 Harris, Dr. G., 43

W hp's College (including King's College Hospital and

Mcdical and Dental Schools) Bennett. Dr. A., 37,38 Friedmann, Dr. P. S., 62 Garrett, Profasor J. R., 48 Harrison, Dr. J. D.. I8 Knowls, Professor Sir Francis, 69 Tomlinson, Dr. R. W. S., 51

Dawson, Dr. A. M., 24 Dunn, Mr. C. J., 72 Heaf, Mr. D. J.. 79 Iwing, Dr. M,, 35 Lac . Professor D., 53 ~ o k n , Professor D. L., 25 Shooter. Professor R. A., 45 Silman, Dr. R. E., 21

St. T;eorge'sHmltal (inctuding Medal School)

Jenkins, Dr. J. S., 22 Kelly, Dr. D., 26

St. MW's Hospital (includmg Medical School)

Barltrop, Dr. D., 32 Dudcy, Profcssor H., 35 Hawksworth, Miss G. M., 76 Holton, Dr. P. M., 51 Jamcs, Professor V. H, T., 22 Ruskiewicz, Dr. M., 44 Wynn, Professor V., 28

St. hospital (includng Medical School)

Banatvala, Dr. J. E,, 44 Brush, Dr. G, M,, 52 Carnuon. Dr. I. R., 50 Jones, Dr. M, T,, 51 Naylor, Dr. P. F. D., 20 &trick, Dr. J., 63 Segal, Dr. M. B., 49, 51

school of Pbar!nacy Carrington, Mr. R., 76 Starr, Dr. M., 48

Uahrdty College (including University CoLIcgc Hospl

and Medical School) Bdyavin, Professor G., 44 Dent, Professor C. E., 26 Fairweather, Professor D. V. L, 30 Holman, Dr. A., 104 Landauer, Professor W., 53 Memngton, Dr. M,, 104 R o b i i , Dr. T. W. E., 21 Stern, Dr. G,, 29 Strang, Professor L. B.. 33 Wall, Professor P. D., 29 Webster, Dr. R. A., 48 Young, Professor J. Z., 37

Wellfome Wtute Crowe, Miss K. E., 103 Cunningham. Mr. A. R., 103 Iskandar, Dr. A. Z., 103

TbeZodoglflll-MY Crane, Dr. G, G. G., 64 Smith, Dr. G. R., 93

Orhr centres Billimoria, Dr. J. D., 46 Donnandy, Dr. T. L, 40 FeIdberg, Professor W., 29.48 Ginsburg. Professor M., 48 Eingsley Brown, Mr. A., 104 Laurence, Dr. E. B.. 20 Lee, Pitman, Dr. Captain B, B., 73 C. R. S., 67

Pridham, Professor J. B., 39 Steme, Dr. M., 94 Whitrow, Dr. M., 105 Widdas, Professor W. F.. 52 Wiiams, Professor R E. O., 45

MdImfee Glanvillc, Dr. R W., 73 Grant, Dr. L S., 64 Jacfrson, Pr0fcw)r D. S., 69 Stmn, Dr. F. S., 38 Thurston. Dr. H.. 87

NenaaSlc

Ee~iE%?2*?22 Fergmm. Dr. J., 34 RobatP, Dr. D. F., 42 Shustcr, Profcswe S,, 21 Smith, Dr. A G., 20 Ward, Mr. M. R, 79 Wripht, Mr. P. D., 35

Nattiqlbu Lewis, Professor D., 38 Mayer, Dr. R J., 29

0.Ial Clarkc, Dr. P. G. H., 87 Corbett, Dr. 3. L, 64 Job- Dr. P. C, 104 Hac+a&, Mr. W. D., 104 Phdhps, ProFcw)r C. G., 51 Piric, Dr. A., 45 R d r y , Dr. J. C, 90 R i W , Dr. R E, 37 Smtth, Dr. R., 28

Hoit, Dr. P. F., 38 Pope, Dr. G. S., 93

St. AoPkU Hcwitt, Dr. M., 94

sk.1R.ll Barn, Professor R, 36 Chapman, Profedwr D., 37 Hoopcr, Mr. K. C, 51 Rogcls, Dr. K. J., 41 Siaden, Dr. G. E., 24

Darmady. Professor E M., 46 Munday, Prof' K. A., 69 Wright, Rofeuor R A. 24

StWip Roberts, Dr. R. J., 93

Smy British Food Manufacturiq Industries Rarrarch Association, 29

Dent, Mr. J. G., 73

Martin. Prof&A~. P,, 22 Taylor, Dr. K. W., 22

Sutton ColdReM D. P., 43

W o l v ~ p t o n Connock. Dr. M. J., 38

Wye, Kent Hodges, Dr. R. D,, 92

York Garmtt, Dr. C. J.. 41

U.S.A. Albanese, Major R. A., 86 Gould, Dr. R. M,, 85 McClusky, Major, 0. E., 86 McGmvy, Dr. P. B., 63 Mason, Dr. W. T.. 85 Pprtridge, Dr. L. D., 85 hcker~ng. Colonel J. E.. 86

Y ug&via Milenkovic, Dr. P,, 80

The Wellcome Trust Board of Trustees, 1972-3

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Transcript of The Wellcome Trust Board of Trustees, 1972-3