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Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Lloyd, James. Masengill, Martha (eds). The Library Development Review. Knoxville: University of Tennessee, 1998/1999.

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The text to which this sketch refers suggests that it is probably Brainerd Mission or one of the other Cherokee schools of the period. See article on p.lO.(McKenney, Thomas L., Memoirs, Official and Personal; with Sketches of Travels Among the Northern and Southern Indians; Embracing AWar Excursion, and Descriptions of Scenes Along the Western Borders, New York: Paine and Burgess, 1846, facing p. 32.)

The Library Development Review is issued annually as a means ofinforming friends and benefactors of the library's success inattracting new and important gifts. It is distributed to supportivefaculty and alumni, contributors, and potential contributors, and toother research libraries across the country. The goal of the librarydevelopment program is to encourage gifts of books, manuscripts,and other appropriate items as well as funds for the purchase of suchmaterials.

The University Libraries is well positioned to begin the 21st

century. In spite of several years of budget restraint The Librariesmaintains the status of information leader on the campus and

On the Cover

The Cherokee Tahchee, or Dutch, was taken as a child to the Arkansascountry and grew up living the hunting life in the West. He explored theRed River, learned to speak Osage in order to study their hunting tech­niques, and became a lone hunter on the prairie. Reputedly, when hehunted, it was with the assistance of three large dogs on each side of hishorse. His one man war with these same Osage caused him to be declaredan outlaw, with a $500 bounty on his head. He later became a scout forthe army and eventually retired to his ranch on the Canadian River.(McKenney, Thomas L., and]ames Hall, History of the Indian Tribesof North America, with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of thePrincipal Chiefs, Embellished with One Hundred and Twenty Por­traits, from the Indian Gallery in the Department of War, at Washing­ton, Philadelphia: ]. T. Bowen, 1848, Vol. 1, facing p. 251.)

throughout the state. The Libraries provide patrons with access toglobal information resources, a collection of over two millionvolumes, and an expert staff to effectively meet patron's informationneeds. The Libraries facilities receive almost two million visitorseach year including many visiting scholars and area professionals.The Libraries' Web site (www.lib.utk.edu) receives over 5 millionhits annually from over sixty countries. The University Libraries hastruly become a global resource!

Campus administrators and faculty continue to recognize TheLibraries services and resources as central to the university's mission.Scarce funds have been provided to enable The Libraries to maintainits position.

Growth is the very nature of a research library. Thanks to thesupport of our many friends and associates, the University Librarieswill continue to grow and provide the best possible informationservices to our users on campus, across the state, and around theworld.

Thank you for being the key to our success.

Aubrey H. MitchellInterim Dean of Libraries

THE LIBRARYDEVELOPMENTREVIEW

Edited by James B. LloydAssociate Editor Martha MasengillTABLE OF CONTENTS

2 A Tribute to Dean Paula KaufmanBy Aubrey H. Mitchell

3 Penelope Johnson Allen's Other Collection:Indian Claims, Return J. Meigs, and the Recordsof the Cherokee Agency, 1801-38By James B. Lloyd

8 Preserving a Treasure: The Judith D. WebsterLibrary Preservation FundBy Annelle Foutch

9 Great Smoky Mountains RegionalCollection New to UTKBy Kenneth Wise

10 McKenney and Hall's Passport to thePast of American IndiansBy Jamie Sue Linder

15 Save Now, Give LaterBy Laura C. Simic

17 Friends Focus on Regional Interest in 98-99By Joe c. Rader

18 Recent Additions: Pumpkintown,Nashville, and DublinBy Nick Wyman

19 Lindsay Young EndowmentSupports Humanities AcquisitionsBy Russ Clement

20 Private Dollars, Public Treasures

Investing in the Future

20 Library Endowments

21 Those Honored

21 Those Memorialized

21 The Legacy Society

21 Library Friends

-/

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£;-../

'.I'J '-lA TRIBUTE TO DEAN PAULA KAUFMAN

Paula Kaufman became Dean of theUniversity Libraries in August 1988, and

in August 1999, she left to become universitylibrarian at the University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign.

During her eleven-year tenure, DeanKaufman's achievements were extraordinary andvisionary. The legacy of her leadership is consti­tuted by accomplishments great and small. Someof the most remarkable of these are:

• Successful completion of the TennesseeImperative Development Campaign thatraised over $6 million for acquisitionsendowment

• Acquisition of the papers of SenatorsHoward Baker, Jr., and Bill Brock andthose of Congressman John J. Duncan

• Addition of more than 400,000 volumesto the general collection-an amazingachievement when difficult budget timesare taken into account

• Establishment of a permanent Map Librarycontaining more than 350,000 maps

• Reorganization of The Libraries'administration to make more efficient useof resources

• Establishment and encouragement of asuperb Library Friends organization

• Acquisition of the manuscripts and per­sonal papers of Pulitzer Prize winnersAlex Haley and Knoxville-born authorJames Agee

• Establishment of the UniversityLibraries using information technol­ogy as an active and responsive gate­way to local and global informationresources

• Celebration of the adding of the two­millionth volume to the collections

• Implementation of a new automationsystem that enabled greatly-improvedpatron access to library resources

• Creating an active partnership ofcooperation among the libraries ofthe University of Kentucky,Vanderbilt University, and UTK,called the Information Alliance

• Exceeding The Libraries' goal of $5million in the 21 st Century Develop­ment Campaign (The Libraries raised$6.4 million, or 124% of the goal)

• The institution of management, orga­nizational, and motivational tech­niques to promote and develop thepotential of The Libraries' humanand fiscal resources.

These and many other initiativesduring Dean Kaufman's time with usprepared the University Libraries tocontinue a vital state and regional lead­ership role well into the 21 st century.The University Libraries will excel in itsmission in the new millennium. Thankyou, Dean Paula Kaufman, for all youdid, and best wishes to you.

Paula T. Kaufman,Dean of Libraries 1988-99.

Aubrey H. MitchellInterim DeanUniversity of Tennessee,Knoxville Libraries

Retum J. Meigs as depicted in an engraving inthe Library of Congress. (Malone, Henry Th­ompson, Cherokees of the Old South: APeople in Transition, Athens: University ofGeorgia Press, 1956, fourth of eight unnum­bered pages between pp. 82--83.)

John Ross, Cherokee Chief, Moulton againreferred to Penelope Johnson Allen's pri­vate collection in his notes.

However, as I've said, no one no­ticed, and in 1985 Penelope JohnsonAllen died. Her estate was dispersed, andthe collection went underground. Liter­ally. It went into the basement of an heirnot to resurface until the summer of 1998when Mrs. Allen's granddaughter de­cided that she was ready to do somethingabout it. One of the things she did wascontact George Webb of TennesseeBooks and Manuscripts, who put her intouch with me. The collection was local,so I made an appointment and went for adrive on a sunny afternoon in the beauti­ful Tennessee hills which surroundKnoxville.

George had warned me, and by thattime I had familiarized myself withPenelope Johnson Allen, but I was stillunprepared for what I saw. There, spreadout on the table and in boxes were sev­eral hundred original documents datingfrom 1801 to approximately 1845, andall, as near as I could determine, havingto do with the Cherokee. I took a quicklook at the signatures on the handwritten

John Ross circa 1848 from a paincingowned by the Oklahoma Historical Soci­ety. (Moulton, Gary E. John RossCherokee Chief, Athens: The Univer­sity of Georgia Press, 1978, froncis.)

3

during what was politely called, the "emi­gration." The State Library immediatelyprocessed the collection and published aguide to it, Register Number 11: CherokeeCollection.

But those mythical few who musthave said, "Well, that's it then," wouldhave been wrong, as they, themselves,could have seen in a little while if theyhad been paying attention, which I'msure they were not. The first indicationwas in 1975, nine years after the sale,when Gary E. Moulton published" 'Voy­age to the Arkansas': New Letters ofJohn Ross" in the Tennessee HistoricalQuarterly. Here, Moulton presented forthe first time three letters from a youngJohn Ross to Indian Agent Return J.Meigs (I'm not going to tell the story ofhow he got that name again. Pick up anyhistory of Tennessee and you'll find it.However, I would like to point out thatthis R. J. M. is not to be confused with R.J. M. II, the first State Librarian of T en­nessee), who had dispatched him to de­liver their share of the yearly annuity tothe Cherokee who had already removedto the West. According to the notes, allthree were from the personal collectionof Penelope Johnson Allen of Chatta­nooga. Then in 1978, when he published

In 1966 when the Tennessee StateLibrary finally bought Penelope JohnsonAllen's Cherokee collection after negoti­ating with her for some sixteen years, thepeople who follow such things, and Ican't imagine that there were many ofthem, must have said, "Well, that's itthen. That's what happened to PenelopeJohnson Allen's collection of originalCherokee documents," some of whichshe was known to have purchased fromRobert Ross, removal era chief JohnRoss' grandson. Allen at the time musthave been very well known, having con­quered most of the available Tennesseehistorical worlds. She had been a success­ful journalist for several Chattanooganewspapers, was the author of threebooks on east Tennessee history, a formerleader of the county history effort for theWorks Progress Administration in Ten­nessee, which had resulted in over 1,500volumes of previously unavailable T en­nessee history, and a member of the Ten­nessee, East Tennessee, and HamiltonCounty Historical Associations, the T en­nessee Historical Commission, theDaughters of the American Revolution,the National Society of Colonial Dames,and the United States Daughters of 1812,to name but a few. In 1970 she was hon­ored at the annual dinner of the Chatta­nooga Area Historical Society, where aportrait of her was unveiled which was tobe presented to the Tennessee State Li­brary and Archives. She must have beenquite a lady.

The collection, which Mrs. Allensold to the State Library, arguably was,and still is, the most significant collec­tion of original documents having to dowith the Cherokee Indians outside of theNational Archives (I know I am startingin with the superlatives here. I am doingit on purpose, and I'm just gettingstarted.) It's hard to top the letters ofJohn Ross and the ledgers of the valua­tions of the Cherokee property in 1838

PENELOPE JOHNSONALLEN'S OTHER COLLECTION:INDIAN CLAIMS, RETURN J.MEIGS, AND THE RECORDSOF THE CHEROKEE AGENCY,1801-38By JAMES B. LLOYD

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS LIBRARIA

The print shop of the Cherokee Phoenix at New Echota taken by Walter Cline. Several years agothe University of Tennessee and the University of Georgia combined their collections of original is­sues of this newspaper to [Jroduce new microfilm which is available from the University of GeorgiaNews!Japer Project. (Brown, John P., Old Frontiers: The Story of the Cherokee Indians fromthe Earliest Times to the Date of Their Removal to the West, 1838, Kingsport, Tennessee:Southern Publishers, Inc., 1938, facing p. 484.)

documents, and they read like a who'swho among the Cherokee of the period.Here was John Ross and numerous otherchiefs, including Pathkiller, the Glass,Lewis Ross, and the Vanns. And therewas Return J. Meigs, Cherokee Agentfrom 1801 until 1823, Sam Houston, anda letter written in the Cherokeesyllabary. I, of course, had occasionallybought one or two of this sort of thingbefore, but, neither I nor anyone I knowhad any inkling that a cache of originaldocuments of this size in private handswas still possible. Yet here it was. Evi­dently, Mrs. Allen still had some privateproject she intended to work on in 1966,and she held these documents back whenshe sold her collection to the State Li­brary. This made sense because she was apracticing historian and remained activeto the end of her life. I remember thedrive back to the office quite clearly. Isuppose if you do not care about suchthings, the assertion that documents, an­tiques, and the like can have an intensephysical effect seems unbelievable, butthose of us who do, know differently. Idrove quite slowly, and the hair on theback of my neck continued to stand for agood long time.

The granddaughter was almostthrough with an inventory, and, thank­fully, she wanted the collection to re­main in Tennessee. I agreed to help herin this endeavor, and, several weeks laterarmed with the inventory, I went lookingfor funds. Thanks to the Dean, PaulaKaufman, and Head of Collection Devel­opment Linda Phillips, I was successful,and we eventually put together an agree­ment which brought what we are now

calling the Penelope Johnson Allen Col­lection to the Special Collections Libraryof the University of Tennessee. And ithas become my pleasant duty to describeit for this year's Library Development Re­view. In size it is not impressive, occupy­ing only some two and a half feet, but incontent it is impressive indeed. We keptMrs. Allen's arrangement, which was infiles organized around individuals, whichworked for her, but not for me, because Ihad almost gone through the whole thingbefore I realized that the collection really

4

had two focuses. About half of it isCherokee claims of one kind or another,some having to do with SpencerJarnigan, a lawyer who represented thetribe off and on for seventeen years, andthe rest claims for spoilation or improve­ments lost during the removal and datingbetween 1834 and 1845. The other halfare records from the Cherokee Agencyfrom 1801 until removal in 1838.

When you think about the gradualencroachment on the Cherokee in T en­nessee by their European neighbors inthe first thirty years of the nineteenthcentury, it seems reasonable that numer­ous claims would be made back andforth, and that many of them would havewound up in court. Spencer Jarnigan, ac­cording to his own claim, represented thetribe between 1820 and 1837 in numer­ous courts, generally in Rhea or McMinncounties. ot a well known name inCherokee history, he is most often con­nected with the case of James Foreman, aCherokee supporter of John Ross whowas accused of killing John Walker, Jr., a

A photo of the Vann House in Spring Place,Georgia, by Walter Cline. Built in 1827 for Jo­seph Vann by Robert Howell, it was one of thefirst brick structures in the Cherokee Nation.John Howard Payne was detained in one of theoutbuildings here when he was arrested with JohnRoss by the Georgia Guard. (Penelope]ohnsonAllen Collection.)

,.

The old Georgia road as it crossed Lookout Mountain, taken in April of 1924 by Walter Cline.Manuscripts in the Collection document the ap/)rolJal of this road from Meigs' Agency at SouthwestPoint to Athens by the Cherokee in 1803. (Penelope Johnson Allen Collection.)

at first because it has on the cover atyped note that it contains valuationsunder the Treaty of 1828, emigrations1833 and 34. I was confused because al­though I knew emigration had occurredin 1833 and 34, there was no Treaty of1828. Then I discovered I had missed itin my review of the scholarship becauseit was not with the Cherokee I was study­ing. It was with the western band, and itturned out to be one of the first thingsAndrew Jackson did when he took office.In it, he promised to do his best to per­suade the rest of the Cherokee to emi­grate, a promise he kept. Then as Ilooked through it I began to notice thatthe Cherokee whose property was beingevaluated in the fall of 1833 and thespring of 1834 had something in com­mon. It was the names, David and An­drew Ross, James Starr, the Vanns, Jamesand Alexander McGrey who had assistedB. F. Currey above. These were membersof the treaty party, supporters of theTreaty of New Echota in 1835. By thattime, according to these evaluations,they had apparently immigrated safely tothe Arkansas, a small but interesting factwhich had so far eluded me.

And in case you are wondering justhow much a house, or an orchard, or achicken coop was worth in 1833,1 havethat information for you. The evaluationof David Ross' property goes on for ninepages and covers a number of different es­tablishments. His main house on the Val­ley River (where presumably Jones andWelch were enrolled) was a shingled, twostory affair with a big front porch valuedat two hundred dollars (it was not near so

A photo of Robert Ross, thegrandson ofJohn, on the left,and Newell Sanders, Presidentof the Cherokee Historical So­ciety on the right by WalterCline taken at New Echota,March 23, 1930. They arestanding behind what was saidto be the tomb of Pathkiller,Principal Chief of the Chero­kee 1808-27. (PenelopeJohnson Allen Collection.)

dragged him over to theAgent, held his hand, andforced him to make hismark. Jones complainedabout this usage and re­

ceived four licks with a horsewhip for histrouble. David Ross menaced him withhis whip also, but did not strike. Then,according to the complaint of EdwardWelch, the Agent and his men turnedtheir attention to him. He was at Ross'drinking as well. He refused to sell hisplace for twenty-five dollars to DavidRoss and to James McGrey, at whichpoint he appears to have passed out. Thenext day when he came to, a witness toldhim the Agent's men had awoken himand tried to make him sign. He wouldnot, so they put his name down anyway.Three or four days later he discoveredthat white men were moving onto hisplace, claiming to have bought it fromJames McGrey.

The 389 page bound volume ofclaims is also very interesting, but not inquite the same way. I was mystified by it

member of the rer-uval party, in theCherokee reserve ( John Walker, Sr., hadattempted to kill Ross while both weremembers of the Cherokee delegation toWashington in 1818). The trial began in1834. At the time, the state of Tennesseewas attempting to extend its jurisdictionin high felony cases to include theCherokee Nation. Jarnigan argued thatthe state had no jurisdiction in the Na­tion, and, after several appeals, the courtupheld his position.

The file, in some ways, is pretty con­fusing. Jarnigan filed a claim against theCherokee in 1837 for back pay of $250 ayear starting in 1820, and resulting in abill of $4,000. One wonders why, if hewere not paid, Jarnigan continued as thetribe's lawyer, which he undoubtedly wasbecause the file contains court docu­ments beginning in 1820 and listing himas the attorney of record. Jarnnigan pur­sued his claim, and, if I have decipheredthe handwriting correctly, finally won ajudgment for his back pay in 1857, a yearbefore his death.

There are two other significant col­lections of claims, thirty-one loose docu­ments and one bound volume. The looseclaims are for improvements in NorthCarolina, Georgia, and Tennessee, ninedating from the removal and twenty-twoafterward. The most intere ting of theseis the earliest, dated April 9, 1834, be­cause it illustrates the enrollment meth­ods of Major B. F. Currey, who had beenappointed Immigration Agent by An­drew Jackson. On that date at the homeof David Ross, according to the testi­mony of Gemdegi (?), a Cherokeewoman, Currey and several assistants at­tempted to enroll Charles Jones to emi­grate. When Jones, who was drunk at thetime, refused, Alexander McGrey

5

grand as Andrew's, which was valued atseven hundred). His twenty-six acres ofbottom land in front of the house wasvalued at $208, his twelve acre orchard at$149.50, and his corn crib at ten (thestandard valuation, I discovered, for allcorn cribs). He had improvements onMill Creek, Bullet Creek, the "highWassa River," Hightower Creek, BrassT own Creek, and Cain Creek, all worth atotal of $3,444.

However, though the claims areinteresting, for me, the heart of the col­lection, is the records of the CherokeeAgency in Tennessee. And those of youwho are familiar with the microfilm se­ries' available from the NationalArchives should begin to wonder at thispoint how much of what I have alreadydiscussed, and how much of what I amabout to describe, has been published inthe seven rolls of microfilm of theAgency's records, 1801-35 or in someother microfilm series. As far as the un­bound claims go, I will not promise thatthey are not to be found among the Spe­cial Files of the Office of Indian Affairs,1807-1904, though I did not find them. Iam, however, sure that the bound vol­ume of claims is not. And I had assumedthat at least some of the documents thatwere once part of the records of the In-

Wilson Lumpkin, former Governor of Geor­gia, not only led Georgia's removal efforts, hedefended his actions in a two volume history.(Lumpkin, Wilson, The Removal of theCherokee Indians from Georgia, New York:Dodd, Mead & Co., 1907, Vol. 11, froncis.)

dian Agency would appear in the micro­film of its records. In fact, of the ten, orso, items I searched for (the order is chro­nological), I found only one, the minutesof the Cherokee National Council onApril 10, 1804. Some of the documents Ilooked for were addressed to the Secre­tary of War, and can probably be foundat the National Archives among the let­ters received for that office. However,the only microfilm we can discover fromThe Secretary of War for that time iscomposed of letters sent, and somehowthese were not retained in the records ofthe Agency.

The earliest documents date fromReturn J. Meigs' tenure as TemporaryAgent for Indian Affairs in the CherokeeNation and Agent for the War Depart­ment in the State of Tennessee in 1801,an appointment he owed to the goodgraces of his friend, James Wilkinson. Hewas sixty-one at the time, and served un­til his death in 1823. Most of the docu­ments in this collection were generatedin Meigs' capacity as Indian Agent, butas Agent for the War Department he alsocreated and received documents likemuster rolls for militia companies, etc.,and one in particular interested me. It isthe record of a court martial which washeld on May 1, 1801, at SouthwestPoint, the site of Meigs' first Agency (it'sclose to Kingsport, Tennessee, c. fortymiles from Knoxville). The prisoner,Abraham Setts (?), was charged with de­sertion and with stealing the horse on

which he was mounted, the saddle,three guns, and seventy-four dollars.He admitted deserting with the horseand accouterments but denied steal­ing the money, which did no good,as he was found guilty of the entirecharge and sentenced to the fol­lowing, which ought to have giventhe spectators pause if any of themhappened to be considering doinglikewise. Besides loosing his pay,

having his head shaved, and beingbranded on the forehead with a "0,"

he got one hundred lashes with a"wired cat" and was drummed out of

camp with a halter round his neck. I sup­pose he was lucky. He still had his ears.

There is not space here to describeanywhere near the number of pieces Iwould like, so I will restrict myself to sev­eral which, for one reason or another,caught my attention. One of my favoritesis a draft of a letter from Meigs to Will­iam H. Crawford, Secretary of War, whohad written in July of 1803 asking a num­ber of questions about the Cherokee and

6

their country. Meigs' response, datedJanuary 17, 1804, is a report on the stateof the country and its inhabitants, whichhe evidently transmitted along with amap. Meigs estimates the population ofthe Cherokee to be 8,750 individuals liv­ing in approximately fifty villages locatedalong two principal rivers, the Tennesseeand the Mobile. He reckons that thepopulation is increasing owing to thegeneral peace and to the decline of thehunting life, going on to explain thatthat life throws the entire support of thechildren on the women, who often dis­pose of the feotesus because they havebeen abandoned by their mates and can­not care for them. Meigs recognizes thatthe "Mixed Bloods," whom he estimatesto make up a third of the population, fol­low White marital customs more closely,but he warns that the "State of Society isstill infant," and that the "populationwill increase slowly until marital connec­tions shall be considered more bindingupon the parties." Meigs calls the fullblooded Cherokee "Real Cherokee," andfeels that, "if these people are ever civi­lized to any considerable degree it mustbe by a mixing of Blood and an incorpo­ration... with some part of our civil gov­ernment." Interestingly, he does notbelieve the Indians to be any more sus­ceptible to liquor than the Whites, andhe follows with a long geographical de­scription which I will pass over.

I am also fond of a piece by Meigsheaded "Answers to inquiries relating tothe Cherokees." It appears to be a list offrequently asked questions (and answers),and at the top is a penciled note whichsays, "Notes to Mr. Trott from Col. R. J.Meigs - Cherokee Agency, 3 August,1817." In this document Meigs asks him­self twenty-seven questions about theCherokee ranging from demographics toeducation, religion, character, genderroles, and the effects of intermarriagewith Whites. Here are some examples:

Qu: What is the number of theCherokees?

An: The whole number of theCherokee is by estimation13000.

Qu: What is the state of the Chero­kee with respect to property?

An: They have great numbers of Do­mestic animals, a considerablenumber of Negro slaves, a num­ber of gristmills, some sawmills,& they manufacture salt petre& gunpowder by the aid ofwhite men.

worldly possessions. Ross reminds Cass ofthe treaty of 1819 in which former AgentMeigs was granted enough land to keephis office but in which no mention wasmade of any acreage of one mile square.He explains that in 1820 he moved hishome and store to the present site atMeigs request, reports that Currey hasthreatened to evict him immediately if hegoes to Washington to complain (whichobviously he has done), and exclaims:

Can it be true that the hard earningsof my life, my private property isthus to be taken from me, and that Iam to return and find myself astranger in my own dwelling and an­other occupying what was oncemine? I will abstain from further re­marks on this unpleasant subject,and ask you will pardon any seemingwarmth of my passion. I am surethere must be something in the mat­ter of which I am yet ignorant.

On that note, I believe I will close,but not before settling one final matter.At the beginning of this article I men­tioned that the main collection ofPenelope Johnson Allen's Cherokeedocuments has resided at the TennesseeState Library since 1966. The obviousquestion is, how does this collection fitwith that one? It's a good complement.The State Library's Cherokee Collectioncontains the letters of John Ross, boxesof Cherokee documents, seven boundclaims ledgers, and sixteen hundred un­bound claims. It is the best Cherokeecollection I know of, but this one isn'tbad, and, not to put too fine an edge onit, may be the most significant additionof Cherokee material since the acquisi­tion of Mrs. Allen's first collection.

7

Joseph Coody married John Ross' sister about1805. The valuation of his farm at the foot ofLookout Mountain by Hugh Montgomery can befound on pp. 35-37 of the bound claimbook.(Penelope Johnson Allen Collection.)

that their physician, Dr. McNeil, doesn'tbelieve in it and doesn't want it (youwould have thought that these positionswould have been reversed). He writes, "Imust still think that the Nation will ac­knowledge with a grateful heart that youare the Savior of many of them by its in­troduction through your means ... be sogood as to send me on some of the infec­tion with what instructions you have inyour power to give, & I will see to its cir­culation." He goes on to ask for anotherteacher to replace Mr. Dixon, whom theyapparently had brought over from Ire­land, and who has taken up with a ruffiannamed Dempsy Fields. He still thinks theschool can prosper, but not under "amadman or an imposter."

And one of the most moving docu­ments in the collection is a letter fromLewis Ross, brother of John, to LewisCass, Secretary of War, written fromWashington City on January 21, 1836,the year after the Treaty of ew Echota,which ratified the removal. In it Ross elo­quently complains of the conduct of B.F.Currey, the present Indian Agent, who, itseems, is trying to dispossess him byclaiming an Agency compound of onemile square, which just happens to in­clude his improvements and all his

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Frequently asked questions by Return]' Meigs, August 3, 1817. (Penelope]ohnson Allen Collection.)

Qu: What is their state as toacquired information?

An: A considerable number havethe knowledge of letters & fig­ures, but schools are greatlyneeded for the poor children.

Qu: Do they believe in a future stateof existence?

An: Yes & that it will be terrestrialenjoyment. For want of instruc­tion they cannot elevate theirminds above materiality. Theyhave no apprehensions of futureunhappiness.

Qu: In what estimation are thewomen held by the males?

An: Since the introduction of do­mestic manufactures the femalesare held in higher estimation bythe men. They are emergingfrom a partial kind of slaveryinto their proper place in soci­ety_ They are more esteemed bythe males & as esteem & loveare concomitants between thesexes, love is becoming a senti­mental passion never known ina perfect savage state.

I would like to balance these twoMeigs documents with two representingthe Cherokee side of the correspondence.In the first, we find Daniel Ross, the fa­ther of John, writing to Meigs fromChickamauga on March 24, 1806, report­ing that the smallpox is spreading andasking him to locate and send some cow­pox as soon as possible despite the fact

PRESERVING A TREASURE:THE JUDITH D. WEBSTERLIBRARY PRESERVATIONFUNDBy ANNELLE FOUTCH

DIRECTOR, DEVELOPMENT OFFICE

"J udy Webster had a deep respect forthe collection," says Linda L. Phillips,head of Collection Development andManagement at The University Libraries."She viewed it as a treasure for which in­dividuals have temporary stewardshipalong the course of time."

Though Judy Webster is no longerhere to champion the cause for preserva­tion of the collection, that treasure willbe stewarded, thanks in part to Webster'sprofessional guidance and the Judith D.Webster Library Preservation Fundnamed in her honor.

Webster, professor and head of Ac­quisitions and Processing at the UTK Li­braries, passed away in December 1998after a long illness.

She began working in The Librariesin 1969 as a staff member in the Circula­tion Department and later took over Re­serve. She obtained a Master's in LibraryScience, rose to head of Acquisitions,and became a full professor. At the timeof her death, Webster was head of Acqui­sitions and Processing, a position thatoversaw acquisitions, serials, binding, andpreservation.

ationally respected, Webster wasvery active in professional organizations,including the American Library Associa­tion where she served as chair of thePublisher/Library Relations Committeeof the Resources and Technical ServicesDivision; secretary of the AcquisitionsSection of the Association for LibraryCollections and Technical Services; andchair of the Policy and Planning Com­mittee of the Acquisitions Section of theAssociation for Library Collections andTechnical Services.

She regularly attended the annualCollege of Charleston Acquisitions Con­ference. At UTK, Webster was selected tohead the Commission for Women in 1986.

Before It's Forever Lost"The university invests considerable

resources in its library collections," saysPhillips. "The collections are becomingincreasingly fragile, and some materialsare in danger of being lost forever. Printmaterials can deteriorate from manycauses, such as binding and chemical in­stability of the components of materials;unsuitable environmental conditions in

Bill Britten (left) and]udith D. Webster.

areas where collections are stored; ineptstorage and handling practices; naturaldisasters; and theft and vandalism.

"To extend the access and useful lifeof our collections for future scholars, theUniversity Libraries is developing a pres­ervation program that includes adequatepreventive care for materials, such asproper storage, handling, and security, aswell as conservation treatments."

According to Phillips, a comprehen­sive preservation program consists ofenvironmental controls, reformatting mate­rials, and conservation of individual objects.• The best way to preserve collections

is to control light, temperature, rela­tive humidity, and air quality; imple­ment good storage and handlingtechniques; and protect materialsfrom fire, water, and theft.

• To save fragile, damaged, andheavily-used resources, microfilm orreformatting (such as photocopy orpurchase of facsimile editions) and li­brary binding are effective strategies.

• Conservation, the most expensive op­tion, is appropriate for preserving in­dividual objects, such as manuscripts,journals, maps, and drawings that arevaluable artifacts.

Enthusiastic Advocate"Judy helped to increase awareness

about the importance of preserving frag­ile resources for future generations ofUTK students and faculty," says Phillips."A member of The Libraries' Preserva­tion Matrix, Judy typically tackled aproblem by starting with the philosophi­cal basis for possible solutions. This ap­proach, combined with her considerableknowledge about publishing and thephysical management of library collec­tions, made Judy a respected authority,frequently consulted by her colleagues."

As head of Acquisitions, Webster'sresponsibilities included preservationservices.

8

"In 1998, Judy was instrumental inbringing noted conservation expert DonEtherington to campus to advise UTKLibraries management and to speak atthe Library Friends Lecture," says BillBritten, head of Systems at the Univer­sity of Tennessee Libraries and Webster'shusband.

Dr. Etherington discussed preserva­tion issues with library staff. At theFriends lecture, Dr. Etherington ex­plained his work as a conservator andrecommended appropriate preservationtreatments for personal items brought bymembers of the audience.

Webster also articulated the need fora preservation librarian as a commitmentto support preservation as an ongoingprogram.

"To honor Judy and her commitmentto The Libraries collections," says Phillips,"the university is creating an endowedfund to supplement the annual Libraries'preservation budget. Income from theendowment will be used for all areas of thepreservation program, including reformat­ting, conservation, and training."

"J udy was a long-time advocate forpreservation," notes Britten. "She wouldbe pleased to be associated with this en­dowed fund."

Webster was married to Bill Britten,head of Systems at UTK Libraries, andhad one grown son, Charles Webster,who lives in Alaska. She had two step­children, Justin and Sarah Britten, bothstudents at UT. Webster, a talentedsinger, was a member of the KnoxvilleChoral Society, an Early Music en­semble, and the choir of WestminsterPresbyterian Church.

"I will miss Judy as a friend and acolleague," says Bill Schenck, Library ofCongress. "The library profession willmiss her for her enthusiasm and manycontributions."

The Judith D. Webster PreservationFund will preserve two treasures: thecollection and the memory of a dedicatedlibrarian.

To make a contribution to theJudith D. Webster PreservationFund, please contact:

Martha MasengillUniversity of Tennessee1609 Melrose Ave.Knoxville, TN 37996Phone: (865) 974-5045mmaseng1@utk.edu

The A. J. Darsey family at breakfast, taken by W. C. Cochran on August 17, 1886, while on a trip to

the Smokies. This photo, uncharacteristically, does not give a location, but we know it is close to the middlefork of Little River, because that is where Cochran was the next day . We also do not know if the familydined alfresco every morning, but it seems unlikely. (MS-552, Special Collections Library.)

collaborative program of scholarly GSMbibliographic research and publication.They have received generous supportfrom the Libraries administration andwere the recipients of a 1998-99 UTKFaculty Research Professional Develop­ment Award.

New and old Smoky Mountains ma­terial in all subject areas and across allmedia types is being collected. Re­sources reside in the appropriate loca­tions in the UTK Libraries: SpecialCollections, Map Library, Music Library,Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineLibrary, as well as the main Hodges li­brary. The collection encompasse print,manu cripts, photographs, video andsound recordings, oral histories, maps,and electronic resources. Each item inthe collection is cataloged with a specialdesignator which marks it as belongingto the "Great Smoky Mountains Re­gional Collection." To find anything in

This cabin on the middle fork of Little Rit'er belongedto the Darsey's as well. It appears to be a huntinglodge, of sorts. Judging by his headgear, the indi­vidual in the door is the one standing in the breakfastscene. (MS-552, Special Collections Library.)

Tennessee, orth Carolina, South Caro­lina, and Kentucky. Three UTK librar­ians-Anne Bridges, Russ Clement, andKen Wise-are co-editing the bibliogra­phy and managing both projects. In addi­tion, they are spearheading a

The Great Smoky Mountains ofeastern Tennessee and western NorthCarolina have long been a source of fas­cination and inspiration for writers, jour­nalists, scientific explorers, essayists, andballadeers who have left both a writtenand an oral legacy of books, letters, sto­ries, and songs about these mountainsand the people who lived there. WhileThe University of Tennessee Librarieshave a tradition of collecting materialabout the Great Smoky Mountains, in1998 a group of UTK librarians began aconcerted effort to focus on the region inits totality. The result is a new compre­hensive special collection at UTK-TheGreat Smoky Mountains Regional Col­lection. This collection serves the re­search needs and interests of theacademic community and the generalpubliC through vigorous acquisitions andenhanced cataloging of past and currentmaterial.

Identification of GSM material, es­pecially in obscure references, is crucialand adds tremendous value to users. Tothis end, the collection is being devel­oped in conjunction with a comprehen­sive annotated bibliography of the GSMregion, an extensive and time-consumingproject that involves a large team of li­brarians, archivists, and scholars from

GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINSREGIONAL COLLECTIONNEW TO UTKBy KEN ETH WISE

LIBRARY BUSI ES MANAGER

Thomas L. McKenney, one of the most significant yet leastknown figures in the history of the American Indian. He wasknown as "White Eagle" in Indian circles. (McKenney, Tho­mas L., Memoirs, Official and Personal, New York: Paineand Burgess, 1846, frontispiece.)

the collection regardless of format or lo­cation, a library researcher need onlyenter that phrase in a keyword search.

Librarians are combing regional andnational archival collections to locatematerial about the Smoky Mountains. Aresearch group recently consulted theNational Park Service and Civilian Con­servation Corps (CCC) records held atthe National Archives in Washington,D.C., and at College Park, Maryland.Whenever possible, copies are acquiredfor the UTK collection. Examples ofscarce Smoky material include federalgovernment records and reports issued byagencies such as the National Park Ser­vice, the Tennessee Valley Authority,the Work Projects Administration, andthe Civilian Conservation Corps. UTKLibraries are presently in the process ofpurchasing microfilm of WPA records forSmokies projects and CCC camp inspec­tion reports for the dozen camps in theSmokies. Copies of early governmentfilms on the region are also being identi­fied and acquired.

Scholars, students, genealogists, andGSM devotees who are working onSmokies topics will benefit enormouslyfrom this comprehensive collection.Through the Internet, researchersaround the world can search the UTKLibraries' catalog to learn what is avail­able on specific subjects, perhaps beforemaking research trips to the area. Properpreservation, such as preservation photo­copies and microfilming, ensures thatthe material will be available to futuregenerations.

The UTK Libraries' Great SmokyMountains Regional Collection assuresthat UTK will be a focal point for world­wide Smokies scholarship and coopera­tion. As the region's only researchlibrary, it is fitting that the Libraries col­lect, preserve, and make accessible thisimportant cultural heritage. Endowed li­brary funds have been used for seedmoney to begin developing the collec­tion. Hopefully, a future donor will pro­vide an endowment specifically for theSmokies collection.

Gifts-in-kind are also welcome.Please consider donating books, pam­phlets, newspapers and newspaper clip­pings, photos, scrapbooks, diaries,journals, and manuscripts of historicaland cultural importance to the SmokyMountains region to this newly formedspecial collection.

MCKENNEY AND HALL'SPASSPORT TO THE PAST OFAMERICAN INDIANSBy JAMIE SUE LINDER

RARE BOOKS, SPECIAL COLLECTIONS

It has been said to be "excitingnews" in the world of rare books and spe­cial collections when valued items ofAmericana, usually only found in rarebook reading rooms of big city libraries orritzy museums, reach the auction block.But it would seem the true flurry of ex­citement should begin when the itemsare sold to the highest bidder, and in theinstance of rare-and usually old­books, become news once again.

The University of Tennessee SpecialCollections Library can spread such "ex­citing news" with its acquisition of one ofthe most valued items of Americana-acomplete three-volume set of the quartoedition of the History of the Indian Tribesof North America, with BiographicalSketches and Anecdotes of the PrincipalChiefs, written by Thomas L. McKenneyand James Hall. Just like the first folio(large) editions of which the SpecialCollections Library has Volume III, thesesmaller works which began appearingduring the years 1846-55were also issued by differ­ent publishers, and evenreissued by yet other pub­lishers before the first setwas completed. This varia­tion in publishers anddates creates confusionwhen trying to procure acomplete set, but thesearch is rendered evenmore difficult because thebooks are frequently rav­aged for their illustrations.To obtain a set with theIndian illustrations intactis doubly good news. Asthe title pages declare, thebooks are "embellishedwith one hundred andtwenty portraits from theIndian Gallery in the De­partment of War, atWashington" and are themost exquisite example ofearly American lithogra­phy on stone.

The portraits are thestimulus of this collection,transforming the RedRace, as some later histori­ans would dub the NorthAmerican tribes, into real

flesh and blood, blasting all stereotypes ofthese primitive people passed downthrough the years by myths, historicallegends, and half-truths. But these faithfulrecordings don't mislead the viewer eventhough they are painted by one artist,copied by another, and then copied onceagain by lithographers.

Instead, McKenney and Hall's sto­ries plus pictures lead the reader visuallyand verbally straight into the lost land ofIndians. Volume II of the newly-ac­quired collection does this directly withits frontispiece portrait of the famed sur­render of the celebrated Winnebagochief, Red Bird and his accomplice We­Kau. The portrait was painted on siteand is coupled with on-sight graphic ac­counts and amazing detail fromMcKenney who witnessed the event.The artistry of word and picture can al­most make the reader with an imagina­tion feel also a witness to the chiefssurrender and the tribe's defeat.

Of course changes, mostly subtle, didoccur due to the medium of each por­trait. However, warmth and texture arenot important here. It is the "perfectlikenesses" captured in these reproducedportraits of the Indians that provide a di-

10

rect link to the very beginnings of ournation. These "perfect likenesses" reelthe reader into an almost unknown col­lective culture of national pride exhib­ited through dress denoting symbols ofthe many tribes. White deerskin, for ex­ample, worn by a Sauk chief, stood forpeace. Not only the color of the Saukcostume, but even the fabric worn signi­fied a symbol-survival. The color of thepaint the Indians wore on their faces wasconsonant with the theme of the day:ceremony, fighting, hunting, mourning.Pawnee chiefs are pictured wearing feath­ered headdresses flowing to the waist;medicine men can be viewed in full cos­tume. Real-life images of Indian warriorswearing buffalo-horned headdre es,necklaces of grizzly bear claws and clad inbuffalo robes decorated with dyed porcu­pine quills, their faces skillfully painted,are forever preserved in these portraits.

The three volumes of biographicalsketches and hand-colored lithographshave long been noted by historians andanthropologists as an authoritativesource about Native Americans, and thatstill holds true today. The books are anexcellent if not an exciting read, and aswith most rare books, the syntax teachesus about the evolution of the English lan­guage. The rhetoric of the 19th centuryhas been described by experts as "expan­sive." Sentences flow and meander butare never incoherent. No matter howmany words a good author uses or how

RedJacket, a stem Seneca chief notedfor his leadershiP among aU NorthAmerican Tribes. (McKenne)', Tho­mas L. and HaU, James, History ofthe Indian Tribes of NorthAmerica, with BiographicalSketches and Anecdotes of thePrincipal Chiefs, Philadelphia: J.T.Bowen, 1848, Vol. 1, p. 9.)

many subordinate clausesadorn a single sentence, eachsentence is still disciplined,controlled in structure, andclear in meaning.

If not for the "de ign" ofone determined man, ThomasMcKenney, a colonel whoserved in the War of 1812and for sixteen years adminis­tered the nation's Indian af­fairs under four presidents­Madison, Monroe, J.Q.Adams, and Jackson-thismagnificent portfolio reveal­

ing the features and dress of celebratedAmerican Indians who lived and diedlong before the days of cameras wouldnot exist. History, tradition, institutionsof Indians would have forever passedaway. McKenney carried this "design" inhis mind for many years finally conjuringhis dream into existence during the yearsof 1836--44 when the folio editions werepublished in Philadelphia. McKenney'srealized dream would be the truest preser­vation of reality, because in 1865 theoriginal Indian portraits hanging in theSmithsonian Institution were destroyedby fire.

Curiously enough, McKenney is me­morialized not by the system of schoolshe helped establish among the Five Civi­lized Tribes-the southern Indian tribesof the Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, Semi­nole, and Chickasaw-nor by the manytreaties and trade deals he brokered forall Indian nations or the many years ofhis life he dedicated to maintaining theIndian's integrity, appeasing the spirit ofall tribes. It is indeed, the portrait gallery,which would become McKenney's legacy.

McKenney oversaw many a treatysigned both in the wilderness and inWashington, D.C., where delegations ofIndian chiefs were brought to visit thePresident whom the Indians called "theGreat Father." The Indians were treatedlike royalty when they visited Washing­ton, staying in the finest hotels, drinkingthe finest whiskeys, dining on delicacies

11

of the White Man. Ceremonies wereheld and medals bestowed on the chiefswhile throngs of people attended, glaringand staring, pushing and shoving just toget a glimpse of these Indian creatures.All the while the Indian battles-amongthe tribes themselves and the tug-of-landwar with the Whites-had been ongoingfor years and would continue for decades.By 1821 McKenney could read the pro­verbial smoke signals in the air. He fore­saw the destiny of Native Americanswhom he described as "human beings,our equal." That destiny was extinction.

Bringing Indian delegations to the"Great Father" and his cabinet did notbegin with President Madison, the firstpresident under which McKenney admin­istered the nation's Indian affairs. Presi­dent George Washington brought theleading chiefs of the Iroquois Confed­eracy to Philadelphia (the nation's capitalat that time) after Little Turtle and theunited western tribes bitterly defeatedGeneral Arthur St. Clair at Fort Wash­ington in Cincinnati in 1791. Then thedelegations were formed to act as peaceenvoys to the Ohio Indian nations. Butthree decades later the aim was clearly in­timidation. Avoid costly-in terms oflives and dollars-frontier war. This tac­tic began under President Thomas Jeffer­son. The Indian delegations were giventours of the navy yard housing frigates,our largest vessels of war at that time.The big guns fired a salvo of salutes. Themassive sails were unfurled proudly andloudly. All this to-do, "without excitingin them the least emotion," the BaltimoreAmerican would report.

Albeit, McKenney, always a cham­pion of Indian rights, supported this di­plomacy of proving to the primitivesfrom the Great Plains or the forests thatthe White Man possessed awesomepower and wealth. His opinion is re­flected in the following statement to theSecretary of War:

It is true they [the Indians] havenever seen, and therefore (havingno medium through which they canperceive our superiority) have noconception of their comparativefeebleness. They count uponstrength for reasons which are appar­ent; they have mastered their neigh­boring tribes and think they knowthe power of the white man... thisconclusion is derived from the inter­course they have with the few trad­ers, and sometimes the sight of onlydetachments of our army.

A spirited likeness of the celebrated chief, Red Bird, standing, and his crony, We-kau. "Of all the In­dians I ever saw, he is, without exception, the most perfect in form, in face, and gesture," wroteThomas McKenney. (McKenney, Thomas L. and Hall, James, History of the Indian Tribes ofNorth America, with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs, Philadel­phia: D. Rice & A.N. Hart, 1855, Vol. II, frontispiece.)

Watching these receptions and trust­ing his intuition the tribes would vanishalong with their culture, McKenney be­gan thinking about posterity. He writesin a letter to a friend in Baltimore of "be­ing ready with the answer to the questionwhich it is fair to presume will be asked:'What sort of a being was the red man ofAmerica?"

The first-and majority-of the por­traits of Indian delegates were painted byCharles Bird King who was then knownfor his paintings of politicians. Much ofhis work was done in his garden shadedby trees on Twelfth Street in Washing­ton, D.C., where McKenney would bringthe likes of Pushmataha, the Choctaw

chief who along with the rest of his tribe,fought under Andrew Jackson in the Warof 1812 and was called by Jackson "thegreatest and bravest Indian warrior hehad ever known," and T ooan-T uh, orSpring Frog, a Cherokee chief born atthe mouth of Chuckamogga Creek nearTennessee's Lookout Mountain, whoheld the reputation of a "highly respect­able character and a fine specimen of thesavage man." Makataimeshekiakiah orBlack Hawk, a Sauk chief who led a two­year frontier guerilla war after a WhiteMan's frontier rumor beget the battle, isprobably the most popular and honoredprisoner of war in American history. Andhis strikingly delineated bust is one of the

12

portrait gallery's most popular, also. Withhis sprouting scalp lock and heavily orna­mented head, set-off by the red color ofhis dress and hair, Black Hawk must havemade quite an intriguing appearance sit­ting for his portrait in King's garden.

Frontier artist James Otto Lewis whoaccompanied McKenney to the great In­dian councils in the Northwest witnessedthe signing of several treaties on sites ofIndian villages and was able to capturethe Indian in his true form in the wild, soto speak. About forty-five of Lewis' origi­nal watercolor sketches were later cop­ied, principally by King, for the IndianGallery which was growing in size andwas hanging in McKenney's office of In­dian Affairs.

Much later in 1849 the jurisdictionof Indian Affairs would be transferredfrom the War Department to the Depart­ment of the Interior. The Indian Galleywould be transferred along with the In­dian Affairs office and placed for viewingin the Patent Office building. In 1858the Indian Gallery was added to theSmithsonian Institution's existing Gal­lery of Pictures, and three years laterKing gave the Smithsonian his collectionof a hundred large engravings from cel­ebrated pictures.

By 1828 McKenney's portraits wereattracting a lot of attention-most wasthe unwanted kind. McKenney, alongwith President John Quincy Adams andhis wife, Louisa, and even the general inchief of the army had been "taken in by ashrewd Indian confidence woman." Theable impostor named Tshusick played thehard-luck Indian game and half of Wash­ington fell for her story, showering giftsand money upon the "poor woman whohad just lost her husband." McKenneywould later discover the true content ofher character but not before honoringTshusick with placement in his preciousIndian Gallery. After the Tshusick inci­dent a senator from Kentucky denouncedMcKenney's Indian Gallery, questioning"why the government should pay twentydollars for the likeness of an Indianwoman?"

McKenney, a prolific letter writerand record-keeper, had a habit of rebuk­ing criticisms in the columns of newspa­pers. Sometimes his comments wereoriginally written in the form of "a letterto a friend," then conveniently leaked tothe newspaper, such as this excerptprinted in the National Intelligencer:

It is true her likeness was taken. Ithangs in the office of Indian Affairswith the rest, and preserving the fe-

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It should also be noted that thenear-extinction of the Indian race, or"ethnic cleansing" as it would be calledin today's jargon, didn't happen over­night as some historians allude or claim"that's the way it seemed." But rather wasa profound progeny occurring over thespan of an average man's lifetime. And itwas a disagreement over the process ofattempting to homogenize Indians, andlater the efficiency--or better yet-thespeed at which the removal of the Indiannations was supposed to happen that ledPresident Jackson to dismiss Col.McKenney from his government job."Col. McKenney," Jackson was quoted,"was not in harmony with my views re­specting Indian affairs."

McKenney's life, it seems, was de­voted to the welfare of the American In­dian. Of course he did have a personallife, but even his autobiography, Mem­oirs, Official and Personal, another rarebook in Special Collections, offers veryfew "personal" revelations. The bulk ofthe book tells of his travels in "Indianland," discussing in length the "abomi­nable abuse of power in our relationswith the Indians." A small portion isdedicated to the author's theories of the"origin" of the North American tribes

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Special Collections' newly­acquired, three-volume setof McKenney and Hall'sfamed Indian portrait gal­lery was published by twodifferent houses. Vols. 1and 111 were published byJ.T. Bowen in 1848 and1850, respectively. Vol. 11was published by D. Rice& A.N. Hart in 1855.

But, oddly enough, the medal he wasgiven on his first trip to the capital neverleft his possession. The gigantic medal­lion bearing his name and that of GeorgeWashington can clearly be seen in hisportrait. Red Jacket's likeness, by theway, cost the government $5l.

Because of his years of working first­hand with the Indians, McKenney be­lieved the only way to truly save thiswhole nation of people was removal orrelocation. Move the proud nations tothe primitive lands in the West, he ar­gued, where they would be mostly iso­lated and miles away from the WhiteMan's weaknesses of the flesh-namelywhiskey. Over a long period of time thegovernment's traditional role was that ofcivilizing the Indian nations on theirhomelands. However, the argumentwent, most tribes had failed to see the ad­vantages of agriculture and had advancedlittle from their state of nature, depend­ing solely upon the hunt to survive. Thegreat business of their lives was to pro­cure food and devour it; to subdue theirenemies and scalp them. Their existencewas confined to the present.

As James D. Horan explicitly writesin The McKenney-Hall Portrait Gallery ofAmerican Indians, also in Special Collec­tions, Indian removal is"popularly associatedwith the Cherokee'stragic Trail of T ears-the removal of the tribeat bayonet point on or­ders from Jackson." Butrelocating the Indiannations west of the Mis­sissippi was common­place to McKenney andthe politicians of histime and was accom-plished more often thannot by trade and withformal consent of triballeaders.

male costume of the North Westand is a fine portrait. She left Wash­ington after collecting the bounty ofmany, and after about ten days tarry­ing. (Since which time I have neverseen her) and left a name for propri­ety of conduct in all respects (what­ever her real character may be)highly creditable to her.

A state representative, also fromKentucky, would join the fray, targetingthe total cost of McKenney's portrait gal­lery-"three years of taking portraits ofIndians ....$3,190"-including the ex­penses McKenney had approved for en­tertaining Indian delegations. Recordsshow the government had been payingtwenty dollars for busts and twenty sevendollars for full-length figures. A congres­sional committee report would later callthe gallery "a wasteful extravagance ofthe government's money." But it alsowent a step further, including criticism ofwhat McKenney lovingly called his "Ar­chives" containing Indian relics, cos­tumes, rare books, manuscripts, andarticles on the American Indian culture.

McKenney's defense would onceagain come in the form of a NationalIntelligencer letter. "It is no fancy schemeof mine," he wrote. "The gallery couldnow be sold for double its original value,and with it may go, without any regret ofmine, of a personal kind, all the relicswhich in my travels I have picked up,and at great trouble brought home withme."

A minority in Congress would sidewith McKenney suggesting the project beexpanded because it possessed "a high de­gree of scientific and historical value."The Secretary of War told McKenney"no more expenditures will be permittedunless the subject be remarkable andhave claims to the remembrance of pos­terity for some deeds or virtue or prowess;or be in figure or costume very peculiarindeed." It was a leash, but a long one. Inthe name of "posterity" McKenney wouldbe allowed to add a good number of In­dian portraits to his gallery. For example,Red Jacket, the Seneca chief who ledfifty other Iroquois chiefs to carry out apeace deal brokered with PresidentWashington would later-in the name of"posterity"-be painted. Red Jacket, itshould be noted, was a great spokesmanfor his people and a favorite ofMcKenney's. The eloquent Seneca andvenerable McKenney shared a commonbond and were friends. Red Jacketloathed all chattels of the White Man.

13

and the beginning chapters are devotedto keeping intact-Dr maybe restoring­his reputation. "A good name,"McKenney wrote, "is constantly in dan­ger of being torn ... no matter how cau­tious they may be, how honest, or howcapable, or how devoted to the duties ofthe trust which they seek to encounter."His great efforts of publishing the Indianportrait gallery would come to serve thecauses of aiding the Indian and restoringany damage done to his reputation byJackson's discharge.

McKenney had received notice ofhis dismissal from Indian Affairs while ona leave of absence in the summer of1830. He was in Philadelphia workingwith publisher Samuel F. Bradford whoalready had "in his hands the large work"which would later be published as an "El_ephant" edition of McKenney's portraitgallery. By winter 1832, McKenney hadalready written some of the text and avery rough outline for the portfolio. Andin 1833 the first of the engraved plates ofthe portraits were copyrighted by Key &Biddle of Philadelphia. By this time, also,McKenney was experiencing great differ­ences with several publishers, and worseyet, financial difficulties were loomingahead. These two paramount problemswould hound the distinguished gentle­man the rest of his life.

Judge James Hall of Cincinnati hadjust turned forty when he metMcKenney, yet he was already a cel­ebrated Midwe tern author. The twowere paired at a meeting arranged in

James Hall, co-author of the Indian history, ismost noted for his histories of the wild, wildWest. He established his reputation first in therough backwoods circuit courts as an attorney.(McKenney, Thomas L. and Hall, James,The Indian Tribes of North America withBiographical Sketches and Anecdotes ofthe Principal Chiefs, Edinburgh: John Grant,1933, Vol. 1, o/JPositep. xxii.)

1835 by eminent historian and futureHarvard president Jared Sparks. It was asuccessful meeting; the two writers had alot in common. And even thoughMcKenney had been working on theproject for years, Hall is credited with

writing much of the text. However, Hallquotes McKenney at length, and it isquite apparent that the extraordinary de­tails about the incidents and events ofthe Indians and descriptions of their ap­parel from their headdresses down to thebuttons and strings on their moccasinswere gleaned from McKenney's manypersonal encounters with the Indiantribes of North America.

In the beginning of the relationshipbetween the co-authors, McKenney wasthrilled to have someone "working hardon the material." He had carried the tan­tamount tasks of publishing a book­writing, editing, maintaining theportraits-Dn his shoulders far too long.And he had spent a lifetime and consid­erable energy and money researching thestaggering subject of the Indian tribes ofthis continent. Hall, himself, was knownas a flamboyant frontiersman and a liter­ary pioneer of the Ohio Valley. He wasalso famous for his "prolific literary out­put" which included his popular 1828Letters From the West; Containing Sketchesof Scenery, Manners, and Customs andAnecdotes Connected with the First Settle­ments of the Western Sections of the UnitedStates, another rare book available forviewing in Special Collections.

Hall's name is included on the three­volume set being discussed here. But onthe title pages of some editionsMcKenney is listed solely "as the author"and at times, McKenney would publiclyrefer to himself as the "author of the His­tory of the Indian Tribes of North America."

Moving with stately step and in Indian file this tribe returning from battle marches to its village of wigwams while McKenney watches from afar.(McKenney, Thomas L., Memoirs, Official and Personal, New York: Paine and Burgess, 1846, facing p. 167.)

14

The life ofan Indian woman was one of"continua/labor and unmitigated hardship." Thisponraic ofa Chippeway squaw and child illus­trates a state ofdespair for the mother with herinfant on her back. (McKenney, Thomas L. andHall, James, History of the Indian Tribes of

orth America, with Biographical Sketchesand Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs, Phila­delphia:J.T. Bowen, 1848, Vol. l,p. 269.)

It's not clear when the two parted, but it isobvious that McKenney and Hall sufferedthe pains of coauthorship and both theiregos got in the way of a happy ending.

All this is past. McKenney and Hallare, of course, no more. Also, joining theGreat Spirit are the Indians whose im­ages adorned the portrait gallery. Eventhe original pictures were soon reducedto ash. But not all has vanished. Shardsof the broken vessel of the Indian way oflife remain scattered across the reserva­tions. What remains in fullness and vigorare the volumes of McKenney and Hall'sgreat work where the Red Man of theforest is the "chief actor." They recall tous what has passed on and stand as a me­morial to the great civilization clash be­tween Indian and White Man.

SAVE NOW, GIVE LATERBy LAURA C. SIMIC

DIRECTOR OF PLANNED GIVING

Generous individuals have commit­ted million of dollars to the UniversityLibraries in their estate plans. These im­portant commitments allow the library toplan far into the future, knowing thatprivate money will be available to pur­chase valuable books and other librarymaterials.

Including the Libraries in your estateplans may have significant benefits for you.

When you hear the words "estateplanning" what do you think?

Do these words conjure up thoughtsof confusing tax laws, attorneys speaking"legalese," or complicated financial cal­culations?

Maybe your reaction is, "Estate?What estate? I'm certainly not wealthy."

Or maybe it's, "I have years to thinkabout that stuff. Why bother with it now?"

Estate planning isn't about laws,taxes, and wealth. It's about people. It'sabout you and your family and takingcare of your future financial needs. If youhave a home, a life insurance policy, orother possessions, you have an estate.Planning in advance what will be donewith your possessions after your lifetimeis estate planning. It's simple.

First think about your goals. Whatdo you want to accomplish? Maybe youwant to provide a stable income for yourown retirement. Maybe ensure the finan­cial security of your spouse or children.Maybe you want to save taxes.

Then think about your assets. Whatdo you have to work with? Include yourhome, mutual funds, securities, moneymarket accounts, business interests, lifeinsurance, retirement plans, personalpossessions, and other property.

Now consider how you can use yourassets to accomplish your goals?

If your goals include changing livesthrough education, the University ofTennessee can help. By including a giftto UT in your estate plans, you may ac­complish many of your financial goals.

A Lasting Legacy Through A Will

A will is one of the simplest estateplanning instruments. A will lets youcontrol what happens to your possessionsand property after your lifetime. If youdie without a will, it's the state govern­ment that decides what goes to whom,not your family and friends. If you have awill, you determine the course of action.

15

If you should change your mind later, awill may be changed at any time.

A will can provide for your family'ssecurity. In your will you designate whoinherits your estate and you clarify whowill be your beneficiaries and how muchthey will receive. By naming an executorin your will, you determine who settlesyour estate. Without a will, the court willappoint an administrator who may not befamiliar with your affairs and may notmake decisions in the manner you oryour family would have.

A will can leave a lasting legacy andreduce estate taxes. After you family'sneeds have been met, you may make aprovision in your will for UT, Knoxville.You can make a bequest to support a pro­gram, to provide research funds for fac­ulty members, to buy library materials, orto fund a scholarship for a deserving stu­dent. You can leave a lasting legacy forthe university and ensure the quality ofeducation you received is here for gen­erations to come. Anything you leave toUT is removed from your estate for taxpurposes.

A Life Income For You and YourLoved Ones

Do you want a guaranteed stream ofincome for your retirement or for a lovedone after your lifetime? Do you have low­yield securities or non-income producingproperty and want to increase your in­come from them? A charitable remaindertrust may help you accomplish these goalsand make a sizeable gift to the university.

When you establish a charitable re­mainder trust, you donate assets to theuniversity, which we reinvest. Duringyour lifetime the university pays you and/or a surviving spouse or other beneficiaryfrom the interest income earned on theinvestment. Upon the death of the sec­ond beneficiary, the university uses theprincipal to support the educational pur­poses you specify.

By creating a charitable remaindertrust with a minimum gift of $50,000 incash, property, securities or other appreci­ated assets, you receive an immediate in­come tax deduction and you and/or abeneficiary receive quarterly payments forlife. If low-return assets are used to fundthe trust initially, your income may actu­ally be increased. In this way, a gift to theuniversity may provide valuable securityfor you and your loved ones. If you fundthe trust with greatly appreciated assets,like land or stock, you also avoid thecapital gains tax you would have to pay ifyou were to sell the same assets.

viving spouse can roll over the inheritedbalance into his or her own retirementaccount and defer taxes further. Childrenor other beneficiaries must pay the in­come taxes. If you were to name the uni­versity as the beneficiary of yourunneeded retirement plan, the deathbenefit to the university would qualify foran estate tax charitable deduction andwill be free of any income tax obligation.

Not all retirement plans work thesame way, and this is a relatively new es­tate planning area. As such, with theseand other estate planning strategies, youshould always consult your own legaland financial advisors.

Many of the generous library sup­porters profiled in this and previous issuesof the Review are people just like you whohave taken advantage of the benefits ofincluding the university in their estateplans. Not only do they realize immediateand future benefits and accomplish someof their own financial goals, but they arealso able to make significant future con­tributions with relatively modest currentoutlay. Most importantly, they have thesatisfaction of knowing that UT, Knox­ville will be a better place for generationsto come. They're changing lives througheducation.

If you would like to explore ways toinclude the university in your own estateplans, call UTK's Director of PlannedGiving, (865) 974-5045.

Le acSo ie

The UTK Legacy Society was established in1998 to recognize individuals who have made adeferred commitment to any UTK program.

ject to regular income tax. If you don'tneed the extra income, you don't needthe extra taxes either.

Generally, any undistributed balanceof a qualified retirement plan is includedin your gross estate for tax purposes.These funds are also subject to incometaxes if left to individual heirs. Only a sur-

For example, say you own $100,000of stock that you paid $10,000 for severalyears ago. Say the stock is currently pay­ing you a 2% dividend, or $2,000 per year.If you gave that stock to the univer ity tofund a 6% charitable remainder trust, thetrust would pay you approximately 6,000per year, tripling your income. You wouldavoid approximately $18,000 in capitalgains tax you would have to pay if yousold the stock. If you are at least seventyyears old, you may be entitled to an im­mediate charitable deduction of approxi­mately $54,000. (The amount of thededuction depends upon the age of thedonor, the trust's rate of return, the size ofthe gift, and other factors.)

Is Retirement Too Taxing?

Will you receive distributions from aretirement plan that you may not need?Accumulated assets in retirement plansare often subject to both income and es­tate taxes that could eat up as much as75% of the taxable assets, leaving verylittle for your family. Qualified retire­ment plans, those for which no incometax is due on your contributions to theplan or on earnings and appreciationwhile in the plan, are particularly suitedfor gifts to the university.

Distributions that you receive duringyour lifetime from retirement plans suchas defined benefit pension plans, 401 (k)plans, Keogh accounts, or IRAs are sub-

CHARITABLE REMAINDER UNITRUST

ttDonor

Gift of Property

Trust

~11111

Remainderto university

Income tax deductionNo gains taxVariable income

HOW IT WORKS1. You transfer cash, securities, or other property to a trust.2. You receive an income tax deduction and pay no capital gains tax.

During its term, the trust pays a percentage of its value each year to you or to anyone you name.3. When the trust ends, its remaining principal passes to the university.

16

Serious discussion marks an encounter after thespring 1999 lecture between guest local writerJeanne McDonald [right} and Cornelia Hodges,emerita member of the Library Friends ExecutiveCommittee [left] and her niece Lacey Galbraith,student member of the Executive Committee.

A post-lecture moment finds Michael AnnWilliams [left] and her listeners in jovialconversation. Dr. Williams, a folklorescholar, spoke on her field research in theSmoky Mountains and showed slides to illus­trate the region's cultural history from beforethe creation of the National Park.

sponsored and organized by the GraduateStudent Association as a fund raiser forThe Libraries. Organization of last year'sspring run, the seventh, was chaired byFriends Executive Committee memberFred Coulter.

It is the Executive Committee thatoversees the Friends' activities and ac­complishments. Last year's members ofthe committee were Ellis Bacon, JeanneBarkley, Dan Batey, Wallace Baumann,Anne Bridges, Howard Capito (chair),Bobbie Congleton, Fred Coulter, LaceyGalbraith, Cornelia Hodges, ChristopherHogin, Susan Hyde, Mike Jaynes, JoeRader, Nancy Siler, Otis Stephens, FredStone, and Sandra Williams (vice chair).

The Libraries' ability to serve itsvarious communities owes much to theefforts of those dedicated supportersfound among the Friends. They deservethanks and a salute for another year ofoutstanding service.

scholars have begun the multi-yearproject of creating an exhaustive bibli­ography of materials published on theSmoky Mountains to be published bythe University of Tennessee Press. Co­inciding with this work, the Librariesinitiated a major campaign to collectmaterials on the Smokies to be added tothe collections.

The Friends' public program in thespring was a panel discussion by eastTennessee writers on the subject of placein their writing-how it was represented,

its influence, and its sig­nificance. Knoxville au­thor Brian Griffinorganized the programand moderated it. Theother panelists were FredBrown, JeanneMcDonald, Linda Par­sons Marion, andCandance Reaves. Thewriters' remarks were allwell-received and at­tracted interesting com­mentary from membersof the audience.

In introducing themoderator, Dean Paula

.Kaufman cited Griffin'sappointment as the li­

braries' first Writer-in-Residence, a pro­gram inaugurated, she said, "inrecognition of the immense amount ofwriting that's going on in Knoxville andthe east Tennessee region and in recog­nition that it is the Libraries' responsibil­ity to be aware of what's being publishedand to collect materials that represent allof this activity." She pledged the librar­ies' further cooperation, moreover,"... with the Knoxville Writers Guild andothers who make this place in which welive such a rich place."

An activity in which the Friendsplaya largely supporting role is the an­nual "Love Your Libraries" Fun Run,

Local writers field questions from the audience during a panel discussionof "place" in their writing at the spring 1999 Library Friends Lecture.From left, Candance Reaves, Linda Parsons Marion, Brian Griffin,Fred Brown, and Jeanne McDonald.

Howard Capito, chair of the LibraryFriends Executive Committee, presentsDr. Otis H. Stephens with the LibraryFriends Outstanding Service Award.

group.The annual

presentation of theLibrary FriendsOutstanding Ser­vice Award is oneacknowledgmentof the kind ofwork performed bymany supporters.Last year's recipi­ent of that honor was Dr. Otis Stephens,charter member of the Friends, chair ofits Executive Committee for many years,and long-time advocate for the Librarieson campus and off. His nomination forthe award received unanimous endorse­ment.

The year's public programming,mainly through the Dr. and Mrs. A. H.Lancaster Lecture Series, focused on theeast Tennessee region. In the fall re­nowned folklorist Michael Ann Williamsfrom Western Kentucky University spokeon the cultural history of the GreatSmoky Mountains area. Using slides toillustrate her lecture, Dr. Williams recon­structed a time pre­dating the creationof the national parkin the Smokies.Her well-attendedprogram drew en­thusiastic responsefrom the audience.

Williams' lec­ture was also theoccasion of the of­ficial start of a ma­jor focus for theLibraries. A groupof librarians and

FRIENDS FOCUS ONREGIONAL INTERESTSIN 1998-99By JOE C. RADER

HEAD, LIBRARY OUTREACH AND PREsERVATION

The Friends of the University ofTennessee Libraries is a vital organiza­tion, supporting the Libraries' missionand providing a means to reach out tothe community at large through publicprogramming. The development effortsof the Friends are more important all thetime in helpingThe Librariesmaintain excel­lence now and inthe future. As ad­vocates and do­nors, the Friendsare an essential

17

TOCETHER WITH A CO;\-JPLETF. I~TriODUCTlONTO THE;. PROPER GROUNDS OF ~ln:I(',.AXD nULES WELL EXPLAINED TO BEGIXNF:RS.

A /l'U~mER Ot,' ORIGINAL TUl''ES;DCING Ei\TI,REI.y NEW. AND WELL ADAPTED FOR TilE USE OF SCIIOOLS AND ClIunClIr.~.

The tide page for the 1840 second editionof The Knoxville Harmony.

the collection, made possible by the gen­erosity of a donor, represents a significantenrichment to the resources available tomusic historians and musicologists tudy­ing the history of hymn tunes.

At the same time that The Librariesacquired The Knoxville Harmony ...through the catalog offerings of eminentTennesseana dealer R.R. Allen, we werealso able to purchase three other remark­able items. Two of these are The Tennes­see Almanac ... for 1864 and that for1865. These are very rare issues from theNashville press of R.H. Singleton. Thethird of these purchases is a printed in­denture of the Tennessee Company, is­sued in 1790 and completed withmanuscript signatures of Zachariah Coxand others. The Tennessee Company wasone of the infamous land speculating"Yazoo" companies; it violated a treatywith the Cherokee by selling tracts andestablishing settlements on NativeAmerican lands. Cox attempted to createone such settlement in the MuscleShoals area, but his expedition was dis­persed by the Cherokee. This documentis of interest, not only as a Cherokee-re­lated piece, but also for its unusual spell­ing of "Tennessee" at a time when themore usual spellings appearing in printwere "Tanasi" and "Tenasee."

One last little volume, of interest toliterary researchers, is a recent acquisi­tion. William Congreve's Poems uponSeveral Occasions . .. , printed for PeterWilson, at Dublin in 1752, is an excel­lent addition to the Special CollectionsLibrary's William Congreve Collection.The nucleus of this collection was thegift of John C. Hodges, one time head of

--4~Ka10o<le_

KNOXVILLE. 8,8,8,8,7.

PART II·

COMMONLY DUD IN CONC£JlT OR IUCOU'G IOCIETll':t1

CONTAIXING TilE MORE LENGTHY AND ELEGANT PIECES.

Part II of The Knoxville Harmony begins with a tune known as "Knoxville"; here the boldlyprinted shape notes almost jump off the stanzas.

Shape-note songbooks like TheKnoxville Harmony are of interest for avariety of scholars today. One identifi­able interest group is the growing numberof people reviving and practicing theAmerican tradition of shape-note sing­ing. Several such groups meet regularly inthe Knoxville area alone. In addition tothis living renewal of shape-note singingthere is a great interest among musicalscholars of mainline churches in theUnited States in researching the historyof American hymn tunes. The SpecialCollections Library's extensive collectionof eighteenth, nineteenth, and earlytwentieth century hymn books andshape-note song books has provided theresources for some of this research. As aconsequence, the hymnals currently inuse in American churches reflect a desireto recover an American "voice" in theirhymnody. So this very rare addition to

or

1!l40.

stCOWD £DtTJOIf.

TO WIneR r. ADDED.

tJs'V"t.t.y JlIY't'O tilt cnuncnES;

CUMPOSW BY JOHN B. J.\CK~ON.

THE. KNOXVILLE HARMONY

WInCH IS AN 'INTERESTING SELECTIO:-r or

Hy ItI NS A. ND' P·S A. L ~1 S,

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D <It M. SHIELDS & CO.• AND JOHN D. JACKSO:-< pnOPRIETOn~.

PUMPKINTO'VN, E. TEN."UlITEO IT IOU1UTO'lf &. 1:0"'&'1'1)'.

SELECTED FROM THE BEST AUTHORS IN GENERAL USE.. ALSo.

.' £. 'WAlRn:m~'W ~W A:~n~X[m~m~n

A scarce east Tennessee imprint hascome into the library this year. John B.Jackson's The Knoxville Harmony of MusicMade Easy, Which is an Interesting Selec­tion of Hymns and Psalms, Usually Sung inChurches, ...was published in 1840 atPumpkintown. It is the second edition;and, although The Libraries does notpossess the 1838 first edition printed inMadisonville, the second is by far themore sought-after of the two. There arefour known copies of the first edition,none of them held by a Tennessee li­brary. Only the McClung Historical Col­lection of Knoxville's Lawson McGheeLibrary and now, the Special CollectionsLibrary of the University of Tennessee,Knoxville, are known to own a copy ofthe second edition.

Its now famous place of publication,the press of Johnston & Edwards atPumpkintown, Tennessee, i the source ofseveral of the truly interesting rare titlesprinted during the early history of T ennes­see. John Dobson wrote, in The LilJrary De­velopment Review for 1985-86, about thevarious titles issued from the press atPumpkintown in an article about The li­braries' acquisition of The Union Songster, aunique copy of a title issued from theMadisonville office of the Patriot in 1830.This Madisonville press was the anteced­ent to the Pumpkintown press that printedunder the names of Johnston and Edwards,both individually and together.

RECENT ADDITIONS:PUMPKINTOWN, NASHVILLE,AND DUBLINBy NICK WYMAN

LIBRARY SUPERVISOR

18

The young William Congreve, from a portraitpainting by Henry Tilson. (Hodges, John C. ,William Congreve rhe Man: A Biographyfrom New Sources, New York and London:Modem Language Association of America andOxford University Press, 1941, frantis.)

rhe English Department at the univer­sity, authoritative Congreve scholar, andgreat benefactor to The Libraries.Through the assistance of donors and ofthe John C. Hodges Library Endowment,The Libraries has, over the years, beenable to enlarge upon the rich collectionof first editions and other significant is­sues of the great Restoration playwright'sworks. The Congreve collection here atthe Special Collections Library is one ofthe two finest in the world. WilliamCongreve's plays and other works repre­sent the uproarious culture of the BritishIsles in the period following upon theSpartan privations of life in CromwellianEngland.

The 1752 Glasgow edition of Poemsupon Several Occasions . .. , was alreadypresent in the collection; and, indeed,the Library's collection is so extensivethat most recent editions that we haveacquired are works by other authors ofthe period, for which Congreve wrote,for example, a prologue. He thereby lenthis illustrious name to the scribblings ofothers. Only one first edition is absentfrom the Library's William CongreveCollection, that of his Incognita printedat London in 1692; the equally scarce1700 edition is lacking as well. Thesetwo extraordinarily rare and costly edi­tions remain among our most highlysought desiderata. We look forward to thetime when, because of the kind largesseof the Libraries' friends and donors, weshall be able to announce the presence ofthese two volumes in the collections hereat the university.

LINDSAY YOUNGENDOWMENT SUPPORTSHUMANITIES ACQUISITIONSBy Russ CLEMENT

HUMANITIES CooRDI ATOR

This year marks the tenth anniver­sary of Lindsay Young's generous endow­ment "for special acquisitions that willmake a qualitative difference in the col­lections of the Libraries" in the humani­ties. Accordingly, in April 1999, acommittee of humanities teaching fac­ulty and humanities librarians nominatedtwenty-nine research sets in art, classics,English, history, medieval studies, mod­ern foreign languages, music, and theatre.These research materials, which couldnot have been purchased with regularlibrary funds, will be used by faculty andgraduate students in many departmentsand will significantly enhance theuniversity's scholarly endeavors byproviding a lasting legacy for futureresearchers.

Among other new acquisitions thisyear, the Lindsay Young Library Endow­ment funded the purchase of a stunningfacsimile of the LambethApocalypse, a twelfthcentury Biblical manu­script associated withthe Benedictine abbeyof St. Albans inEngland. The manu­script has framed minia­tures at the beginning ofeach book, twenty-ninehistoriated initials, andover thirty large, deco­rated initials. Its distinc­tive colors­lemon-yellow, orange,pink, emerald-green andblue-as well as its Sty­listic complexities ofline and patterning,mark a high point inEnglish medieval illumi­nation. Two other medi­eval sources acquiredthis year are large micro­form research sets onthe Black Death andMedieval & RenaissanceLiterary Manuscripts

Libraries benefactorLindsay Young.

19

from John Rylands University, Manches­ter, England. Classics were augmented byresearch sets on the topography of an­cient Rome, Trajanic and Hadrianic lit­eratures, Roman politics and religion,Greek archaeology, and Reports of theDepartment of Antiquity, Cyprus.

For history, A Documentary Record ofthe First World War and World War IICombat Interviews was selected, alongwith the Goldsmiths'-Kress Catalogue ofBritish economic history. Modern foreignlanguages were enhanced by sets on Ger­man literature, art, and history, includingDocumentation on]ewish Culture in Ger­many, 1840-1940. An extensive privatecollection of early Russian history andculture was acquired, along with newPortuguese encyclopedias, films, and theentire backset of twO hundred issues ofFem, an influential Hispanic journal.

For music and theatre, collections ofthirteen African Wave music videocassettes, fifteen jazz video cassettes, sev­enty-one compact disks, and an exten­sive set of nineteenth century Englishand American theatre journals on micro­film were selected.

PRIVATE OOLLAR4 PUBLIC TREASURESAs Americans have given to various charitable efforts over the years, they have created many national treasures avail~

able to all. Many of these resources would never have been possible with government support alone. Virtually all of thetruly great libraries have been made great through gifts from individuals. We are most grateful to the following who have

generously supported the UT Knoxville Libraries during the 1998~99 fiscal year.

INVESTING IN THE FUTUREMore than any other single element,

the library is the heart of a university.The quality of the University Libraries'collection is a barometer of the quality ofintellectual inquiry campuswide-andthe quality of education we give our stu­dents, the leaders of our future. You canhelp guarantee that our future leaders re­ceive the best possible education by mak­ing an investment in the UniversityLibraries.

To make a gift, please make yourcheck payable to the University of T en­nessee, Knoxville, Libraries and use thereply envelope included in the Review.For more information, please writeor call:

Martha MasengillTyson Alumni House1609 Melrose AvenueKnoxville, TN 37996-3551(865) 974-5045

LIBRARY ENDOWMENTSThe first endowment at the UT Knox­

ville Libraries, the John L. Rhea FoundationEndowment, was created in 1904. Since thenthe number of library endowments has growntremendously.

Endowment funds are particularly valu­able because, once established, they provideinterest income for the library system in per­petuity. Such funds also offer a fitting oppor­tunity to honor or memorialize a friend orrelative. Anyone may establish a named en­dowment fund with a minimum gift of$15,000 to the University Libraries.

For more information about establishingan endowment fund, call the DevelopmentOffice at (865) 974-5045.

(Endowments marked with an asteriskhave been established during the 1998-99year.)

Reba & Lee Absher Library EndowmentAgriculture-Veterinary Medicine

Library EndowmentAnonymous Library EndowmentLalla Block Arnstein Library EndowmentJames M. Blake Library EndowmentMargaret Gray Blanton Library EndowmentT utt S. & Elizabeth Bradford

Library EndowmentJames Douglas Bruce Library Endowment

Renda Burkhart Library EndowmentWilliam Waller Carson Library EndowmentIra N. Chiles Library Endowment-

Higher EducationCaroline Perry Cleveland Library EndowmentBetsey Beeler Creekmore Library EndowmentWilliam E. & Leona G. Crunk Library

EndowmentKenneth Curry Library EndowmentDurant DaPonte Memorial

Library EndowmentRichard Beale Davis Humanities

Library EndowmentClayton B. Dekle Library EndowmentNancy R. & G. Mack Dove

Library EndowmentFrank M. Dryzer Library EndowmentRoland E. Duncan Library EndowmentEllis & Ernest Library EndowmentHarold S. Fink Library Endowment-HistoryDr. Stanley J. Folmsbee Library EndowmentFranz/Myers Family Library EndowmentArmour T. Granger Library EndowmentHenry A. Haenseler Library EndowmentMildred M. Haines Special Collections

Library EndowmentHamilton National Bank Library EndowmentNatalie Leach & James A. Haslam II

Library EndowmentGeorge and Sallie Hicks

Agricultural-Veterinary LibraryEndowment

Hodges Books for English Library EndowmentJ.e. Hodges UTK Alumni

Library EndowmentPaul E. Howard Humanities Collection

Library EndowmentHuman Ecology Library

Development EndowmentThomas L. James Library EndowmentWilliam H. Jesse Library Staff EndowmentBill and Rena Johnson Library EndowmentMamie e. Johnston Library EndowmentKenwill Cartographic Information

Center EndowmentAngelyn Donaldson & Richard Adolf Koella

Historical Documents Library EndowmentLaFollette Hardware & Lumber Company

Library EndowmentDr. & Mrs. A. H. Lancaster

Library EndowmentLancaster Library Friends Lecture EndowmentDr. and Mrs. A. H. Lancaster Visual Services

Library EndowmentJack and Germaine Lee Library EndowmentLibrary Acquisitions EndowmentLibrary Employee Development EndowmentLibrary Special Collections Endowment

20

Library Technology EndowmentWayne & Alberta Longmire

Library EndowmentEdwin R. Lutz Memorial Library EndowmentLois Maxwell Mahan Library EndowmentStuart Maher Memorial Endowment-

Technical LibraryDepartment of Mathematics

Library EndowmentDwight McDonald Library EndowmentEdward J. McMillan Library EndowmentMen's Athletic Department

Library EndowmentHarvey and Helen Meyer Library EndowmentPaul M. and Marion T. Miles

Library EndowmentPaul M. and Marion T. Miles Library

Employee Incentive Award EndowmentPhillip W. Moffitt Library EndowmentLucy S. Morgan Library EndowmentWilliam Elijah Morris and Mildred Morris

Haines Special CollectionsLibrary Endowment

Flora Belle & Bessie Abigail MossLibrary Endowment

Payne Library EndowmentAngie Warren Perkins Library EndowmentPi Beta Phi Children's & Young Adult

Literature Library Endowment *Jack E. Reese Library EndowmentJohn L. Rhea Foundation Library EndowmentLawrence e. Roach Library EndowmentNorman B. Sayne Library Humanities

EndowmentB. SchiffFamily & Betty J. Weathers

Library EndowmentLouise and Aileen Seilaz Memorial

Library EndowmentDr. e.D. Sherbakoff Library EndowmentJohn J. and Carol e. Sheridan

Library EndowmentJohn W. and Janie D. Sitton

Library EndowmentJ. Allen Smith Library EndowmentMcGregor Smith Library EndowmentSocial Work Alumni Library EndowmentOtis H. and Mary T. Stephens

Library EndowmentDr. & Mrs. Walter Stiefel Library EndowmentFlorence B. & Ray B. Striegel

Library EndowmentMary Weaver Sweet EndowmentCharles A. Trentham Library EndowmentUnited Foods Humanities

Library EndowmentUTK Tomorrow Humanities

Library EndowmentValley Fidelity Bank Library Endowment

GEORGE FRANCIS DEVINE, 1915-1999Professor Emeritus of music, George F. DeVine was a be­

loved professor of music history and a passionate friend of theLibraries. He came to Knoxville and the University in 1947along with David VanVactor, who was the founding head ofthe Department of Fine Arts (now the School of Music).George and his wife, June, were both professional bassoonistswho had played in many nationally-known orchestras. Longafter he had stopped performing with the Knoxville and OakRidge Symphonies, he continued to write program notes forthe KSO performances. George DeVine made his mark withuntold numbers of students, teaching and inspiring them withhis knowledge of music, wit, and genuine caring. He was amajor influence in building the collection at the Music li­brary, and it was named in his honor upon his retirement in1985. The George F. DeVine Library and the faculty of theSchool of Music will miss this dear friend.

Bill Wallace MemorialLibrary Endowment

Walters Library EndowmentFrank B. Ward Library EndowmentJudith D. Webster Library

Preservation Endowment *Ronald H. Wolf Library EndowmentLindsay Young Library EndowmentGuy C. Youngerman

Library Endowment

THOSE HONOREDBetween July 1, 1998, and

June 30, 1999, gifts were made tothe University Libraries in honorof the following individuals:

James BlackKathy BristerMarjorie Nell CardwellClass of 1948Class of 1949Bobby DentonRem B. EdwardsHarry C. JacobsonMike MooreMrs. Walter E. StiefelWalter E. StiefelDwight Vandevate

THOSEMEMORIALIZED

Between July 1, 1998, andJune 30,1999, gifts were made tothe University Libraries in memoryof the following individuals:

Charles Bryan BlalockEllen BumWilliam P. CarterIra . ChilesMrs. M. L. ClemensJean R. ClementCharles CohenSheryl Cox

Mary Lou DavisMike DisneyVera GorskiJohn C. HodgesGeraldine Celestine H. IveyWarren W. KennerlyDorothy KnickerbockerKen KnickerbockerKatherine LeffellAlmeda LemingMark Lee McCormackJadwiga PapkeRobert L. SummittLowell Creighton StormLa elle VandiverJudith Webster

THE LEGACY SOCIETYThe UT, Knoxville Legacy

Society was established to honorour alumni and friends who makea commitment to the Universityof Tennessee, Knoxville through adeferred gift arrangement. Thesegenerous individuals help to sus­tain the university's admirabletradition of teaching, research,and public service by actively par­ticipating in the great work ofhigher education and in enhanc­ing the future of the universityand the people it serves.

We gratefully acknowledgethe following individuals whohave made deferred commitments,specifically to support the Univer­si ty Libraries, prior to June 30,1999. If you have made a deferredgift to the Libraries and are notlisted here, please contact theDevelopment Office at(865) 974-5045.

Reba AbsherCharles E. Anderson IIIMary Trim Anderson

Lynn D. BartlettAnne BateyaDaniel L. BateyJames M. BlakeViolet C. BlakeDebra C. ByrdDelbert B. ByrdBetsey B. CreekmoreKenneth CurryLucile DeaderickRichard H. DoughtyCharles W. DugganAudrey A. DuncanKatherine . Hale EmburyMildred G. FairCatherine H. FlyEmerson H. FlyMary B. FordNathan F. FordJohn B. FugateFrancis M. GrossMary M. GrossJoann HallawayHenry E. Harris, Jr.Gladdis S. HollingsworthJoanne Hollingsworth HughesJohn . HughesBryan A. JacksonElizabeth W. JacksonCharles B. Jones, Jr.Dione KennedyAmye Tankersley KingMichael J. KingAngelyn D. KoellaRichard A. KoellaMrs. A. H. LancasterBette Daugherty LathropSharon H. LaudermilkGermaine LeeJack Wendell LeeAlberta Y. LongmireRichard C. MariusJacklon G. MaysJoyce MaysJack B. McKameyBillie McKinney

21

Marion T. MilesPaul M. MilesJeannine J. MitchellWayne H. MitchellMargaret K. MorganStanton A. MorganDonald M. NathanE. J. O'BrienElnora V. PaulCarolyn R. PayneMargaret A. PayneBillie PearsonE. Tyler Pearson, Jr.Jack E. Reese

ancy ReeseR. Bruce ShipleySara S. ShipleyOtis H. Stephens, Jr.Bain T. StewartIrene S. StewartFred O. Stone, Jr.Helen StoneRaoul M. VerhagenHelen B. WatsonCharles R. WestSara P. WhartonEvelyn E. WilcoxShan C. WilcoxMartha Meschendorf WildsMichael E. Wilds

LIBRARY FRIENDSAn annual gift to the univer­

sity Libraries provides immediateand ongoing support for theLibraries' collections and services,and qualifies the donor for mem­bership in the Library Friends.The following have made contri­butions to the Libraries during theyear July 1, 1998 to June 30, 1999.

Frances P. AbelGene M. AbelMary D. AbernathyFay Swadley AdamsJohn M. Adams, Jr.Pauline S. AdamsPercy G. AdamsJames L. AdcockEdward S. Albers, Jr.Harriet L. AlbersCarolyn Trusler AlexanderDeborah R. AlexanderFlora L. AllenRonald R. AllenSalley B. AllsupRobert S. AmblerMarcus L. AmbresterCarolyn J. AmbristerFrank P. Ambrister

azmul AmeenLarry J. Amerine

ancy E. AmerineCecelia E. AndersonJoe W. Anderson, Jr.Mary Trim AndersonShirley C. Andrews

Jeffery P. AperLois B. ArmstrongAngie ArrowoodJean C. AshStephen V. AshRobert M. AugeAnne M. AxtonChristy S. AyersWilliam Ralph Ayers IIIRegina AzzaraSherlene Hawkins BackhusEllis S. BaconD. Gayle BakerAlice Jeanne BarkleyDavid J. BarnesCaroline M. BarnettRobert M. BarniMelinda H. BaslerDiane T. BassGlenn L. BassPaul C. BatesWallace W. BaumannAlice BeaucheneRoy E. BeaucheneBarry F. BeckJudy M. BeelerCharles Berkeley BellEdythe Adcock BellElizabeth R. BellJane O. BellRichard W. BellRobert D. BennerSusan M. BennerBeverly S. BensenMark W. BensenDale M. BentzMichael W. BerryTeresa U. BerryBarbara Huff BevilleCarrie Jo BiggerErwin B. BiggerLavenia BiggsMary E. BlackmonWilliam B. Blackmon, Jr.John P. BlakeJohn P. BlaneJames E. BolerNykoa S. BolerJoyce F. BolingerT racy Margaret BonnerGerald R. BoserJudith B. BoserJeannette BouchardJessie M. BowersMary C. BowersGerald D. BowkerJanet BowkerSusan T. BowlingBarbara BoydJulia G. BoydBuford B. Bradley, Jr.Pamela L. BradyChristine C. BranchRobert W. Branch, Jr.Carolyn R. BrandleJames R. BrandleElizabeth D. BrewerAnne E. Bridges

Caroline C. BrightHenry W. Brockman, Jr.Mary C. BrockmanLinda Brown-DemelloChristine BrownJohn E. Brown IIArthur C. Bruner, Jr.Katharine E. BrunerMary E. BryceThomas J. BryceJohn E. BuckleyMarian S. BuggWilliam M. BuggSally C. BullardCondon S. BushNancy J. ButkovichJanet S. CableMary Edens CaliePatrick J. CalieAda Marie CampbellTeresa A. CampbellCarol J. CannyJohn H. CantrellC. H. CapitoEllen CapitoSue M. CareyDouglas H. CarlisleDorothy S. CarmichaelVirgil F. CarmichaelJanella A. CarpenterMerrill S. CarterJoe M. CashionWilliam H. Castles, Jr.Hugh G. CaudillMary Burrage-CaudillJoseph J. CernosekAngela M. ChambersCarey A. ChambersChristopher L. ChambersJames Q. ChambersKirk B. ChambersThomas T. ChenJennifer E. ChilcoatG. Wayne ClarkJohn M. Clark, Jr.Patricia P. ClarkRhonda J. ClarkGail B. ClayRebecca S. ClementRuss ClementJames A. ClodfelterCarl W. CobbJane K. CobbBarbara H. ColemanDan B. ColemanCatherine C. ColglazierLouise CollierRobert H. Collier, Jr.Dale A. CollinsMichael L. CollinsCraig R. ColvinF. Michael CombsA. S. CommonsBobbie Y. CongletonLee CongletonSue ConleyPhyllis A. ConradBarbara S. Cook

22

Joseph G. CookNorma Cox CookThomas P. CookeAdrian CorreaErnest V. CossonJanet S. CossonJeannette M. CottrellKristin L. CoughlinBruce L. CoxCarolyn Hatmaker CoxKathleen J. COXLeah R. CoxRichard L. CoxSue E. CoxElizabeth K. CrabtreeRuby M. CravenDoris Scott CrawfordAlbert H. CreasyFrances C. CreasyBetsey B. CreekmoreLaurence S. CreiderDiane CrookJames A. CrookMaria D. CrosmanThomas 1. CrossmanDean E. CruiseMary Hampton CruiseAnthony W. CrunkDonna A. CruzeWayne CutlerAlice R. DaltonMargaret W. DanielWilliam A. DargisBetty R. DavisBobby J. DavisHarry Preston DavisLucile DeaderickSusan S. DeaverEdward P. DeereMable E. DeereEnid DekleBruce H. DelaneyLinda L. DelaneyGeorge F. DevineMartha L. DickensPaul S. DickensEdward G. DickeyDavid L. DixonLana S. DixonLois Claudine DixonPhilip W. DixonAnn K. DobbinsWilliam D. DobbinsJohn H. DobsonKeith H. DolderElizabeth L. DomingueSusan L. DominickDavid L. DonahueLinda Dunning DoyleMary A. DrakeMary Frances DrakeKermit Earl DuckettVirginia P. DuckettEthel . DuffDavid D. DukesJanis Hale DukesAlice M. DunaganBen D. Dunagan

Audrey A. DuncanEdward B. DunningRobert Neil DurranceTheresa Sharp DyerArthur C. EchternachtHarrell E. EdmondsonIrene EdmondsonJanna L. EdwardsGreta EichelStuart EichelBetty P. EliassenJohn D. EliassenKathryn D. EllisCharles P. EnsmingerHarry L. EskewA. Murray EvansElaine A. EvansJames M. EvansZoe A. EvansMegan E. FaustJames R. FinkHuston H. FinleyNancy C. FinleyHomer S. FisherPat L. FisherCarolyn W. FiteJudy A. FleenorRobert B. FlingCatherine H. FlyEmerson H. FlyBrian J. FoleyMary B. FordNathan F. FordLeslie J. FormanDianne Y. FosterChristopher D. FranksPetra M. FrazierFred C. FrenchStephen R. FriedlanderElizabeth P. FriendJ. Lee Fry IIIAngie K. FugateRanjan GangulyStuart GarrettJames N. GehlharSarah Ferguson GeorgeAmanda P. GibbsAnne GillilandSherry K. GlennFrances C. GormanAnn R. GorwitzDavid K. GorwitzDoris GoveCaroline R. GraberGlenn C. GraberAgnes M. GradyLucy Bosley GravesPhil GravesWilliam T. GravesGregory T. GreenJames S. Greene IIIMary E. GreerPatricia J. GrimSteven L. GrimBilly C. GrimmSandra Lee GrimmLinda A. GriswoldJamesJ. Grubb

Judy H. GrubbBarbara GuanciRobert GwynneRosalind W. GwynneWilliam M. HageyKevin A. HahnBeverly J. HallHorace E. HallRalph F. HallJoann HallawayMary A. HandelStephen J. HandelSarah Hornbuckle-HarbaughCharles H. HargisLinda L. HargisJanice F. HarperEleanor W. HarrisonIra E. HarrisonJames A. Haslam IINatalie Leach HaslamScott L. HatmakerSarah E. HawkinsKaren E. HawthorneWalter W. HawthorneCarol A. HayWilliam W. HayJames B. HaynesMarian G. HeardJudith E. HectorMark A. HectorAnita L. HemmeterShirley P. HendrixVernon G. HenryJ. Scott HerbertMary E. HerbertAlan HerbinCharles A. HermanMichael C. HerndonCarol C. HewlettPamela F. HindleBetty J. HinmanLawrence L. HinmanBa il H. Hixson, Jr.Janice Dorsey HixsonDavid L. HodgeMichele B. HodgeCornelia S. HodgesRichard H. Hodson IIFelicia H. Felder-HoehneJennifer A. HoffmanMartha C. HollowayDonna K. HoltMrs. Andrew D. HoltThomas C. HoodVirginia J. HoodKim M. HooverDanita HorneChristopher J. HowardAlice Lynn HowellBenita J. HowellThomas S. HowellArthur R. HubbsLuvanne H. HubbsBonnie L. HuffordVirginia A. HughesHoward N. HullW. Lee HumphreysLisa C. Incardona

Nicholas M. IrvingDonathan M. IveyKathryn T. IveyBrodie F. IvyFrederick J. JacobsTarvis M. JacobsJan c. JacobsenLee Meadows JantzRichard L. JantzJohn D. JarrardJane M. JarrellLauren G. JenningsHans E. JensenEdith M. JesseDon W. JettJulie J. JohnDan H. JohnsonElizabeth P. JohnsonJoy S. JohnsonSarah F. JohnsonShirley A. JohnsonStanley O. Johnson, Sr.Anne Goddard JonesMary C. JonesCrystal B. JordanDiane M. JosephRobert G. JosephJanice W. KahnKenneth M. KahnWalter KahnKaren F. KalerGeorge KalinRobert J. KatzmanMichelle L. KaufmanPaula T. KaufmanSara H. KellarLouise R. KellyPruett A. Kelly []]Eldredge J. KennedyLynda H. KennedyRobert E. KerrGeorge G. KilloughJames D. KilloughVirginia L. KilloughEvlyn J. KingKevin W. KingKatherine W. KirkYolanda F. KirkpatrickJohn D. KisvardaiMargaret G. KleinMilton M. KleinPhilip G. KlukkenRobert C. KniesLura N. KnoxVeronica T. Ko kyDiane K. KrauthMartha H. KreszockSandra W. KuykendallW. C. KuykendallJan S. LachDarren C. LacyJames R. LarkinsScott E. LasleyPeggy W. LawrenceSandra S. LeachRoy LechtreckDaniel B. LeeFrederic S. Lee

23

Germaine LeeJack Wendell LeeKrista A. LeeLinda S. LeeJames M. LeekJudyJ. LeekFredrick E. LehmannJohn L. LenburgLagretta T. LenkerMark N. Lenker, Jr.Edward LevyLeah LevyJohn R. LewisHercules P. Likee LigdisJames . Li lesMagdalene P. LilesElizabeth H. LillieJames B. LloydJoan J. LockeKatie S. HixsonNell P. LoganTroy K. LoganVirginia I. LohrCarolyn Roos LongDiana C. LopezJudithann B. LovelyBetty B. LoweMichael S. LoyGerald P. LubertMary Houston LubertPenny LukinBeryl D. LusbyF. Stanley LusbyAngelic R. MadenCynthia G. ManleyJohn M. MaplesMary Lou MaplesC. Lockwood MarineEleanor H. MarineHelen M. MaroonVirginia S. MarshDianne M. MartinJon David MartinJohn W. MashburnLillian T. MashburnRossie L. MasonCynthia N. MastroBarbara Bryant MathiesonGeorge S. Mauney, Jr.Rosemary E. MayberryAnne MayhewJo Ann McCallenPerry B. McCallenT ricia A. McClamJohn T. McClanahanKristine M. McClanahanNancy E. McCleskeyEmily G. McCluskeyHenry K. McCluskeyCarol S. McConnelRobert M. McConnelBritt McCormickGeraldine C. McDonaldElizabeth B. McElhineyMrs Peter McEnteggartPeter McEnteggartKenneth D. McFarlandJean N. McGuire, Jr.

Lanny F. McKayNancy R. McKayOvid Andrew McMillionBillie R. McNamaraJames W. McNeillSandy McNeillEdward J. McQuail []]Margaret M. McQuilkinAndrew D. MeadDanaG. MeadVicki J. MeagherCindy MeilinkChauncey J. MellorJane A. MerrittBetty W. MetzWerner H. MidasMarion T. MilesPaul M. MilesAubrey H. MitchellDon G. MitchellDonnie G. MitchellJudy A. MitchellMarla E. MitchellJeannine J. MitchellWayne H. MitchellCatherine S. MizellMarian S. MoffettPhillip W. MoffittKatherine L. MontagueAnna A. MontgomeryDiane B. MontieAlice M. MooreKimberly L. MorrisMark MorrisonLaureen M. MoyerJohn MuldownyAlice MurphreeR. L. MurphreeJane R. MurrayJanet A. MurrayMary P. MurrayMarcia J. MyersBenjamin F. MynattGrace M. MynattBetty C. NealThoma H. Neal, Jr.W. C. NealeMary A. NeelRobert B. NeelBarbara B. NeffHerbert P. Neff, Jr.Eva Griffey NeilAndrew E. NeliusOrlan Stephen NelsonLaura K. eufeldtJane M. NewJohn C. New, Jr.Vernette H. NicholsWilliam E. NicholsAlvin H. NielsenMary B. NordstromJames W. NormanChristopher D. OdomKatherine F. OdomSally A. OffuttAnnie L. OgilvieRobert D. OgleWilliam J. Ogle

Jack W. OliverSean J. O'NeillSoo-Hee ParkAustin D. ParkerMartha W. ParkerMary Haynie-ParkerPrentiss E. Parker, Jr.Gertrude L. Patch

athaniel M. PatchM. Leon PaulCarolyn R. PayneElizabeth A. PeeblesF. Neal PeeblesPatricia F. PenningtonCameron E. PerryMrs. Cameron E. PerryDorothy PerryWanda M. PerryNatalia K. PervukhinRonald H. PetersenHarold A. PetersonWilliam J. PetersonKatherine S. PettitBill W. PettyCharlotte S. PettyDwight E. PhillipsJames B. PhillipsJane B. PhillipsLinda L. PhillipsSharon L. PhillipsHui PihMabel K. PihPaul J. PinckneyF. Stanley PinkletonDorothy W. PittsO. P. Pitts, Jr.Lynn M. PlaceScott L. PlaceGregory K. PompelliBiddanda P. PonnappaRosemary L. PotterRichard D. PrattJeff PruittMelinda D. PruittSandra A. PutnamJane QuallsKimberly A. QuillenThomas C. QuillenChara J. RaglandSiddharthan RamachandramurthiLarry A. RatnerMark J. ReardonChris D. ReedHubert D. ReedRichard C. RemineCarolyn H. ReyleCharles M. ReyleJohn H. ReynoldsMarjorie H. ReynoldsGail RhodesCharlene A. RiceGraham M. RichardsonCynthia Lewis RicketsonSteven K. RigganKatherine B. RiggsbyWilliam Stuart RiggsbyBarbara M. RobertsMary Carroll Roberts

Thomas W. Roberts IIIRebecca M. RobertsonThomas L. RobertsonEleanor R. RobinsNancy M. RodgersThomas T. RogeroCarole A. RomeiserJohn B. RomeiserJan RosinskiCraig G. Ross, Jr.Kenneth S. RossSuzanne J. RossMadeleine L. RussellThomas E. RussellCatherine M. RyanLinda J. SammataroMarthena D. SamsNed H. SamsBeth E. SanderbeckBarbara A. SavitzkyElizabeth SchillingW. Jean SchindlerHerbert M. Scull, Jr.Roberta L. ScullJane W. SeatzCharlotte SelfJames Reed SelfHelen SellinIvan A. SellinMarvin H. ShanksMonica ShannahanSarah SharpeBetty L. ShawJoseph T. ShawBetty L. SheltonJ. Edward SheltonMary E. SheltonCarol C. Sheridan-John J. SheridanJames M. SherrellCharles N. Shockley, Jr.J. Russell Shults, Jr.Jan F. SimekMary Ann SimekLaura C. SimicJoseph S. SimpsonJanet S. SkinnerCyrus M. Smith, Jr.Mark V. Smith, Jr.Murphy D. SmithPeggy Jan HenleyRita H. SmithVirgie A. SmithThyra M. SmythWilliam G. SmythBarbara K. SomeNorman M. SomeDeborah A. ommerAnthony M. SozaJanet E. SpahrCarolyn K. SpannEdgar D. SpannFriedemann W. StallmannRuth C. StallmannLucy J. StantonKelly A. StatesMorris 1. SteinDonna M. Stephens

24

Gerald A. Stephens, Jr.Mary T. StephensOtis H. Stephens, Jr.Robert F. StephensArthur T. StewartBain T. StewartDianne C. StewartIrene S. StewartCecil P. StickleDouglas F. StickleGene P. StickleCarl M. StiefelDavid W. StiefelJoseph F. StiefelJoseph W. StiefelNancy Furian StiefelFrederick L. StilesFrances P. StonerHenry H. StonerCatherine M. StulbAvinash M. SudPamela R. SudMaurine W. SweitzerCatherine J. SwindemanCarolyn TaborJean S. TauxeSam TauxeJames D. TaylorH. Ed ThielDaniel R. Thomas, Jr.Deborah L. ThomasSteve R. ThomasMichael G. ThomasonCharles L. ThompsonHarriet W. ThompsonJackson G. ThompsonJane T. ThompsonMaxine ThompsonJean ThurstonA. Wayne TippsJoseph B. Trahern, Jr.Marjorie E. TrahernCarla J. T ruckenbrodtPenelope A. TschantzFrank A. Tucker, Jr.Mary A. TuckerTroy S. TuggleEli:abeth Thacker T unstillLaura L. TurnerMelissa Montgomery TylerBennie L. UnderwoodMary K. UnderwoodWilla F. ValenciaRamsey ValentineKaren ValentineGerald F. VaughnAna O. VealW. Larry VentisAnn R. VieraDawn J. Von WeisensteinJohn Von WeisensteinBridget VonweisensteinThomas W. VonweisensteinJeffrey D. WadlingtonDouglas Z. Walker, Jr.Laura A. WalkerMartha J. WalkerPatrick L. Walker

Robert C. WalkerRobin S. WalkerCampbell Wallace, Jr.Joan E. WallaceBetty C. WardWilliam D. WardMary K. WardenMarilyn S. WareJack S. WatsonPatricia L. WatsonGail A. WayJohn E. Way, Jr.Mary C. WeaverGeorge E. Webb, Jr.Charles L. WebberFlora S. WebberJudith D. WebsterSarah J. WeeksKurt K. WeissBernice H. WellsEtta Mae WestbrookSara P. WhartonRandolph L. WhitsonBettye J. WilesCarolyn WilliamsJack E. WilliamsJohn R. WilliamsSara L. WilliamsJulia A. WilliamsonRichard P. WillisDavid C. WilsonEdward E. Wilson, Jr.Hal E. WilsonFrank WinstonPeggy M. WinstonRussell E. WiseSharon S. WiseElaine S. WiserPeter WolfClifton Woods IIIKrista Whitesel WoollyJ. Samuel Worley, Jr.L. Bernice WormsleyLee WorrellE. C. Wright IIINathalia WrightValerie Lyke WrightW. Miles WrightStephen L. WustD. Strong WymanCynthia R. WyrickMadge F. YadonEloise M. YontsFrances Curtis YoungRichard W. Young, Jr.Deborah C. YoungmanEdward YovellaSha L. Zhang

\(

( 'I .. y.I

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This partly printed summons causedSoloman Nickson and Francis Rockholdnot only to pay their debt of $750 to LewisRoss, but to pay court costs of $12 .50.(The Penelope lohnson Allen Collection.)

Back Cover

The bound ledger of valuations of theimprovements of the treaty party,1833 and 1834. (The Penelope lohnsonAllen Collection.)

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, color, religion, national origin, age, disability, or veteran status in provision of education programsand services or employment opportunities and benefits. This policy extends to both employment by and admission to the University. eThe University does not discriminate on the basis ofrace, sex, or disability in the education programs and activities pursuant to the requirements of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Section504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. elnquiries and charges of violation concerning Title VI, Title IX, Section 504, ADA, the AgeDiscrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), or any of the other above referenced policies should be directed to the Office of Diversity Resources & Educational Services (DRES); 1210Terrace Avenue; Knoxville, TN 37996-3560; telephone (865) 974-2498 (TIY available). Requests for accommodation of a disability should be directed to the ADA Coordinator at the Officeof Human Resources Management; 600 Henley Street; Knoxville, TN 37996-4125. .E01-6010-008-00 Aproject ofThe University Libraries and the UT Creative Services; 107 Communications Building; Knoxville, (865) 974-2225. Revisions: 5057.

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