The Kano Urban Renaissance 2003-2011

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The Kano Urban Renaissance

2003-2011

Aliyu Salisu Barau Faculty of Built Environment Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Goodwill Message

I was born in Kano City in the last fifty six years. I schooled and worked in

this great African city for many years. I have seen the transformations the

city of Kano underwent since the time Nigeria got independence in 1960. I

developed my public and political career in Kano City. I have close contacts

and moments of interaction with the city of Kano and its environs. These

experiences put me on vantage point to see the opportunities and challenges

that the city faces over a long period of time.

When I assume the mantle of leadership of Kano State in 2003, we

introduced inclusive, novel and broad based policies, programmes and

projects that would transform the social, economic and political fabrics of

the entire State. Our philosophy of human development has helped the city

of Kano to regain its dignity in the comity of global cities. From

experiences, we understand that Kano needs infrastructure that would

directly enhance the lives and livelihoods of the people. Thus, we focus on

small and giant projects that create gigantic benefits for the people. We

undertook numerous projects that our people would continue to enjoy far

beyond 2011. We are happy that through our interventions the future of

urban Kano is made brighter.

Mallam Ibrahim Shekarau (Sardaunan Kano) Executive Governor of Kano State (2003-2011)

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Foreword

In the name of Allah, the Most gracious, the Most Merciful. May Peace and Blessings of Allah be on the Prophet Muhammad, his family,

companions and those who follow their paths

It gives me pleasure to introduce The Kano Urban Renaissance -2003-2011 a

book that analysed the all encompassing accomplishments of the Shekarau

regime in the Kano urban sector. Renaissance in the ancient Europe is

concerned with the rebirth of the Old Continent through reforms that

spanned education and culture between 14th-17th centuries. At the same time

range, Kano had undergone reforms under Sarki Muhammadu Rumfa (ruled

1463-1499) that transformed it for good. The Kano renaissance was also

dramatic as it touched social, educational, political and spatial dimensions of

the Kano City-State. Kano witnessed expansion of its city walls; Kurmi

market was founded; scholars and artisans migrated to Kano from Maghreb

bringing new skills; Kano council was set up; the durbar festival was

introduced and ombudsman services were initiated in the Kano Palace.

These are all in addition to the construction of largest traditional palace in

the sub-Saharan Africa. Such were permanent reforms that remain on the

Kano urban landscape and social fabric. Kano witnessed other major social

reform through the 18th century Sokoto Jihad led by Usman Danfodio. That

renaissance reformed and reorganised the social order in the central Sudan

based on precincts of Shari'ah system. Kano has also witnessed major

infrastructural installations during the first, second and third postcolonial

decades. Kano witnessed transformations in its economic and industrial

bases. However, such developments could not be reforms in the real sense

of the word.

The Shekarau administration (2003-2011) is the only contemporary

government that carried out striking reforms on the platforms of democratic

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governance. The administration has utilised the institutions of democracy to

establish institutions of high social and economic relevance at scale that no

government was able to do in the five decades of Kano statehood. Zakkah

Commission, Hisbah Board, Adaidaita Sahu, Tsangaya integration,

governance reforms, Zauran Sulhu, Shura Council are of immense social

relevance and their impacts could not be could not simply estimated.

Similarly, the administration has undertaken massive urban infrastructural

renaissance that transformed the Kano urban scenes. The Kanawa

international market, the ICT Park, the six-lane roads, the Tamburawa water

projects are examples of such peerless and innovative urban projects. The

art of governance was given new meaning and impacts. Collectively, the

impacts of these accomplishments would stay with Kano for long time.

I absolutely concur with the author, Aliyu Salisu Barau that the projects and

programmes of the Shekarau administration are of the renaissance

dimensions. The all encompassing programmes have reversed some of the

negative trends in the Kano social, security and infrastructural systems. The

government has restored the image of Kano at the face of global and

Nigerian community. People at all the strata of the society have felt the

presence of government. Certainly, future administrations in the state

cannot erase the efforts. They must add and sustain them.

Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa Director General/Special Adviser Research and Documentation Directorate Government House, Kano Rabiul Auwal 1432/February, 2011

Acknowledgements

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My unreserved words and thoughts of gratitude are due to Allah who swears

by City1. I must thank Him with passion of penniless poor residing in

squalor lacking any sight and hope but in God alone. I thank Him with

pleasant gratitude of the kings who rule flourishing cities. I standstill for the

prophet Muhammad, as I recall with all honour his sayings and movements

between cities of Mecca and Medina. I wish him eternal and increasing

blessing and honours for his love of the two cities. I hope Kano is in his

good books. Being able to write up to this clause, I thank my parents and

teachers. Can God give them more than they asked? Yes indeed, He can.

The following:

Ibrahim Ado-Kurawa

Suraj Saeda

Hajir Jazuli Nuhu

Prof Madya A.N.M Ludin

Adnan Abdulhamid

Fatima (Amyma) Aliyu Barau

All authors the books I consulted

I am sorry to be mean as I give you only a capitalised word: THANKS.

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Preface One of the reasons for persistent failures registered in various development

sectors of Africa is lack of effective use of information. Information can be

generated from both success and failure scenarios. Analysis of any piece of

information leads to clearer understanding of the subject matter. In that

regard we can say that proper documentation of the government business

does a lot for the society. Not only processed information helps the courses

of record keeping, information dissemination and transparency but it could

greatly enhance future government programmes and policies. Until this

project, in the recent history of Kano State, there is never a time when sets

of data are exclusively collected and utilised for the purpose of unravelling

strides of the government in the urban development sector.

Traditionally, leadership of governments are replaced by others, but the art

of governance continues. As democracy is increasingly becoming more

entrenched and deepened in Nigeria, it is imperative to keep sufficient

information for others to continue with strategies that will sustain and or

reinforce previous achievements and or straighten bends on their lines. The

main objective of this book is to analyse the programmes, projects and

policies of the Kano State government particularly towards development of

the urban sector from 2003-2011. This timing is very important. It is the

first time in the history of democratic governance in Nigeria that an elected

government survived for such a long time without military intervention.

Secondly and important also, it is the first time in the history of Kano State

democratic history that an elected Governor consecutively wins election for

the two terms endorsed by the Nigerian constitution. Thirdly, the period

correspond with the area international development community anticipates

governments in Africa to respond to the pressing development challenges.

This book is interested in the performance of the Kano State Government

under Mallam Ibrahim Shekarau (Sardauna of Kano). It must to be made clear

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at the onset, that it is out of the scope of this book to evaluate the condition

of urban Kano under the period under review. It is extremely difficult if not

injustice to attribute all the good and the ugly on the surface of Kano city on

this administration. This is simply because of the divided responsibilities of

urban management between the three tiers of government. Therefore, this

work is absolutely interested in combining the inputs of the Shekarau

administration on the urban landscape and outcomes on the people’ life and

the urban economy as a whole. The book traces the origin of Kano, its

development and major transformations it witnessed from the pre-colonial

period and postcolonial times that it retained the status of the capital city. It

also records the epoch-making achievements of the Shekarau administration

and their observed and prospective impacts on the development of urban

Kano. It concludes on recommendation for sustaining the interventions

made in the last eight years.

The book employs an integrated approach in its analysis of the copious data

generated from various government agencies in the period under review. By

and large, this integrated approach responds to the philosophy of the

Shekarau administration which centred on human development. Urban

development is a strategic angle of broader concept of human development.

Human development is not about development of infrastructure alone, it is

also about respect for the freedom of people, it involves empowering

people, it is also about opening opportunities, and respecting the value

systems of the people. Large cities in Africa are hit worst by many

challenges-environment, poverty, security and safety etc. The urban

populations are increasingly becoming frustrated. While, policymakers are

increasingly being confused by the demands of urban areas when is the time

to look back to see dream cities out of the maps. It is true that many

governments do a lot, but it hardly translates into desirable and sustainable

results. In many urban areas problems increasingly continue to escalate as

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days go. The cities themselves as spaces appear unkempt, unhealthy crafts

living on the verge of disintegration.

In the case of Kano City, Urban Kano, Metropolitan Kano or any jargon

you choose we come to understand through this analysis that governments

are central to the need for paradigm shift in urban development. From

2003-2011 Kano State Government introduced a number of programmes

and projects in the city of Kano in particular. The testimony of the efforts

of the Shekarau Administration towards attracting foreign direct investment

is given by the World Bank/DFID Business Climate Survey 2010 which

ranks Kano as the leading State in Nigeria in terms of reforms in the sector

of business development.2 The Shekarau administration seems to have

international and national confidence for its efforts of restoring global

reputation that Kano has enjoyed for centuries. The State capital city has

hosted several international dignitaries including President Horst Kohler of

the Federal Republic of Germany, President Vaclav Klaus of Czech

Republic, His Royal Highness Charles, the Prince of Wales, Mr Bill Gates

and endless number of foreign diplomats. While reciprocal visitations of the

state officials to other countries have fetched other numerous benefits that

broaden the profile of Kano.

The government has through its Sharia implementation scheme introduced

such institutions like Hisbah, Adaidaita Sahu, Shura council among others.

These institutions address issues of societal reorientation, social justice, and

respect for human rights, transparency, social welfare and governance

reforms. The Shekarau administration has also given due priority in

addressing poverty and unemployment among youths. At the same period

Kano has seen an all inclusive large-scale renaissance of urban

infrastructure. The infrastructural development projects are not biased. They

cut across the city touching virtually every interest group from the old city,

the Central Business District, Industrial areas, non-indigenes enclaves etc.

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The government has also made serious efforts on inviting local and

international investors for greater economic development. Through the

identified efforts, the city has transformed and its infamous faces of spatial

and social woes have significantly reduced. Kano used to be always on alarm

for religious and ethnic conflicts. It is now safer, its roads are wider, moral

decadence slower, crime rates lower, its economic potentials higher, and

political tolerance better. It is easy to understand all these by taking look at

the situation just one decade ago. For inhabitant of Kano and informed

Nigerian no need for argue over this. One may also ask a simple question, if

these integrated interventions were not undertaken where would Kano be?

It is obvious from the plights of other smaller sister cities in Nigeria where

Kano would go. Youth restiveness, religious and ethnic sentiments translate

into chaos, bloodshed and shutting of the windows of economic prosperity.

Based on these, it is suggested that African urban policymakers and

stakeholders must view solutions to African urban crises through an

integrated approach.

Aliyu Salisu Barau

Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia Safar 1432/February 2011

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Figure 1 administrative Map of Kano State

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Chapter one

1. Introduction: The Vicious Cycle of African Urbanisation –

Where is Kano?

This chapter puts into perspectives the challenge of urbanisation as a global

phenomenon that plagues countries of the global south. It succinctly

outlines trends and nature of the challenges urbanisation poses to Africa.

Urbanisation is one of the primary issues that must be given priority in the

policy frameworks and fiscal programmes of every responsible and

representative government. Understandably, African cities need bulk

investments in the urban sector and in most cases the needed funds are not

easily available. Whether funds are abundant or scarce cities would continue

to consume as they grow demographically and spatially. Presently, half of

the human population lives in urban areas. The United Nations christens the

21st century as the urban century. This is largely due to the emerging facts on

the overarching impacts of urbanisation across the world. The challenge of

urbanisation is more critical and pervasive in countries of the global south.

The situation in Africa is particularly burdensome because according to the

World Bank it is the most urbanizing global region3. One cannot simply

compare trends of urbanisation in Africa with that of Asia or Latin America.

In those two continents urbanisation is accompanied by massive

industrialisation which at least improves the life of the poor in many angles.

In Africa reverse is the case, urbanisation persist under the weather of de-

industrialisation and increasing insecurity and ecological hazards. Several

global institutions like the UN Habitat pick particular interest on the

challenges posed by the exponential rate of urbanisation in Africa. The

organization has instituted several programs and frameworks to tackle the

African urbanisation. At the turn of the new millennium, the global research

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community has also demonstrated new concern through paradigm shifts on

the African urbanisation. African urbanisation is now a space of emergency

where the input of all stakeholders is needed in order to address the

situation. Slums which are the identities of Africa cities catch the attention

of the targets of the Millennium Development Goals - MDG no.7. The

paradigm shift in African urban research deemphasizes physical planning

which has consistently failed. Often, spatial planning proves to be the source

of disservice for the African city.4 Other plights of the African city include

the neglect it receives from the global research community and policy

directions.5 Spatial planning has always relegated the interests of poor to the

background making them victims of the figment of the imagination.6 Urban

spatial planning in Europe was developed to streamline the challenges of

industrialisation on the European cities and it has achieved that with high

degree of success7. Unfortunately, the African city embraces planning with

having challenges first. Perhaps that is why Africa fails to find way out for

the plethora of urban challenges. The challenges of urbanisation in Africa

are not limited to the following:

Unprecedented population explosion

Increasing rural urban drift

Increasing rates of poverty and inequalities

Increasing rates of crimes and restiveness of young people

Dilapidated infrastructure and service sectors

Poor housing development

Poor sanitation

Outbreak of epidemics

Diminishing biodiversity and ecosystem services

Corruption and social vices

High maternal and child maternal mortality and morbidity

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Increasing proliferation of slums and poor quality habitat

Frustrating microclimate

drift of the urban pollutants to rivers and lands in rural areas

The above listed challenges represent the urban crisis Africa is embroiled in.

In contrast to all these challenges, the cities could be places supportive of

good life and human advancement. In the words of Bogardi, cities of are

apex of human civilization8. In that regard, cities those in Africa inclusive

are expected to be havens that offer numerous opportunities which include

the following:

Human development and knowledge based ideas

melting points for the mixture of human race

Spots of religious harmony and teachings

Education, research and human intellectual development

High points of cultural growth and innovations

Creativity, prosperity and entertainment

Wealth creation and human prosperity

Bastions of science and technology

Places of arts, recreation and aesthetics

Hubs of finance, economy and industry

Africa is yet to fully optimise opportunities offered by urbanisation. Urban

development in Africa is seen by many as lurid failure of effective

policymaking, statistics and planning systems. This dislodges African cities

from enjoying status of places for delivery of development services. In

general, the seeds of the failures of urbanisation in Africa were sown since

the colonial period and it continues through the postcolonial age. We can

understand from works of African urban experts like Mabogunje who

asserts that during the colonial period, Europeans developed new towns

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based on economic and administrative conveniences9. Railways and

harbours of seas and inland rivers helped in the evolution of many cities

across Africa. Conversely, that development had in many cases led to the

decline of many important historic towns10. It is quite understandable that in

many instances the Europeans lived aside and separate from the African

folks. Nonetheless, their separate townscapes in many cases have

transformed into robust towns. The colonialists introduced European

planning concepts into the old and new African cities. The European

planning concepts emphasise on separation of land uses through zoning,

road and rail systems, planning codes for population/land densities among

others.11 The body of new African planners were trained at the European

planning institutions. Invariably, they proceed to operate with the same

modus operandi. Few years after independence, many governments in

Africa invested huge resources to develop the urban infrastructure. The

African planners in conjunction with other European professionals planned

African cities to look like the European cities. In many cases, there are

replicas of European parks and green sites, recreational grounds, offices and

transport systems. In some case even names of the African cities replicate

Europe metropolitan cities. The renewed interest in urban development

leads to sharp neglect of the rural areas. The rural neglect became a

bandwagon for all governments across the regions of Africa. This led to

what Comrade Julius Nyerere of Tanzania coins as urban colonialism12.

The rural folks lacking what to hold onto migrate to the new African cities.

But the new African cities were planned without place for the rural

immigrants. The rural folks flee from poverty, crop failures or merely

attracted by the sheer lights of the imagined better life of the urban

landscapes. Such people create their own spaces separate from the city. For

these migrants wherever they inhabit is a home, and is a house like everyone

in the city. The migrants live with their family even though their places lack

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key and desirable infrastructure – water, electricity, sewage, clinic etc. On the

other hand, the planners and government officials have their own jargons

for such settlements - slums, squatter areas, informal towns, illegal structures

etc. For the government officials slums must be eradicated from the

cityscapes at all costs.

Economic crises swept many African countries from the late 1970s through

1990s. Austerity measures imposed on African countries by the Bretton

Woods institutions was responsible for further neglect of the urban sector.

Poor funding leads not only to neglect of infrastructure but also dilapidation

of the existing ones. Maintenance of urban infrastructure is critical to

sustainable urban development. The periods of economic crises coupled

with highest proliferations of urban decay in Africa. During this period

several slums crop up especially around the cities. The slums are now homes

to millions of people. According to the UN Habitat statistics, slums in

Africa have reached critical proportion of 72% of the population of urban

areas in Africa13. These figures are expected to continue flying. Now, the

slums are not merely spatial challenges, the challenges they pose spill to

social, political, economic and ecological. Slums are usually sources are

crimes, environmental hazards and high rate of poverty14. Slums are flash

points for tensions between the security forces and slum dwellers. Often

times, eviction measures fail and where they succeed is at the cost of

wounding the physical or social life fabrics. In most African cities

HIV/AIDs, malaria, meningitis, cholera, tuberculosis constitute elements of

the common identities of slums.

African cities are characterised by plethora of ironies. One of them is that

slums have engulfed and outnumbered the core planned areas of its cities.

The next is that many formal cities in Africa lack essential infrastructure and

services. Thirdly, slums by their characteristics hold numerous number of

potential electorate population. Hence, the slum voters nurse resentment for

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any reform that directly and negatively affects them. This development often

leads politicians to deliberately overlook some of the illegalities of slums for

fear of being voted out. But this is the question of democracy,

constitutionality, responsibility and or irresponsibility. Why must politicians

abandon their sworn responsibilities for political gain? From Cairo to

Johannesburg, Banjul to Djibouti, African cities are exposed to numerous

challenges. Interestingly, it may or may not be out of necessity, urban

research community and global institutions are recognising slums as human

settlements that must prevail. Slums are part of the African urban fabric.

They are now the leading identity of African urbanism. But African cities

must learn to be like Indian slums that are exponentially productive and

creative.

One area where African urban development is deeply suffering is in the role

of institutions. The institutions essentially entail the legal frameworks,

professional bodies and urban governance structures. In this segment,

African cities have suffered significantly as well. Land tenure systems in

most countries disregard the interests of the poor. In fact, in most situations

the land laws do not help the poor and neither do they help in laying sound

foundation for policy frameworks for sustainable urban development. The

poor constitute the largest proportions of both urban and rural populations

in all African countries. In this regard, land tenure systems empower

political leaders with powers to dispossess the poor of the poor of their

lands in the name of urban development. Revocation of land ownership is

made easier than process of acquiring urban land. In most cases, the poor

do not have access to sources of urban lands. Consequently, the poor are

left with option of forming more slums or joining other slums. In most

African countries, the process of urban development is disarticulated, too

much fragmented and in some cases isolated.

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Contrastingly, city is a living system like a human being. All systems in a

given body must function symmetrically. Otherwise, it becomes mess and

chaos. As such, agencies and communities must work in concordance with

needs of urban areas. Often times, institution duplicate duties yet without

good results. It is common with most cities in Africa that institutions for

waste management, electricity supply, water supply, security, safety work

independent of each other. In some instances they see each other rivals. In

some cases, the devolution of responsibilities causes the problem. Local,

state and federal governments run the urban machinery concurrently. But in

most cases, the dividing line of responsibilities is very thin or simply not

definite. This give ground for duplications and disarticulations. Oftentimes

devolution often leads to evasion of responsibility.

Urban areas are spots of large-scale budget consumption. Construction of

infrastructures and services in African cities gulf huge sums. Every

government department in most African cities has a long list of genuine and

fake list of construction firms and business names that are awarded

contracts. In many cases, contracts are awarded and payments are made but

the projects are never done or stop half way. In some cases, contracts are

pathetically inflated. In sum, the actual outcomes on the urban areas rarely

meet or represent the expenses incurred. This is due to rife corrupt practices

in the private and public sectors of many countries. In some cases lack of

budgetary discipline and transparency affect the outcome of development

interventions of multilateral bodies. Yet, one of the fundamental failures of

the African urban sector is its inability to respect the role of information and

research. Which city can boast of established records system, computer

based databases or comprehensive research desks? In theory you could find,

but in reality nothing.

So far the travails of African city are illustrated. Sadly, the African urban

albatross continue to put weight seamlessly trough the 21st century. It only

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further dampens a spirit of hope when one peeps through the lens of future.

Take a look at any region in Africa the clue you get is the same. If we take

West African sub-region for instance, we see that its rate of urbanisation has

increased by more than four folds of what it was around the independence.

The sub-region has some 194 of towns with more than 100, 000 people15.

This makes the sub-region to have one of the fastest rates of urbanisation

especially if one considers the fact that around the globe the number of

towns with 10,000 inhabitants is estimated to be around 1,300. If we come

down to Nigeria, the story is of the same theme. The UN-Habitat estimates

the Nigeria’s population to reach 226 million by 2030 and out this number,

144 million or around 64% of the population would be living in urban

areas.16 Alas, such research based warning system hardly making impacts in

the policy frameworks and budgetary planning. In the opinion of

Mabogunje, the urban planning praxis in Nigeria is paralysed17. The paralysis

is caused by fundamental contradiction between urban planning process and

reality on the ground. Nigeria has a unique experience of urban

development. For instance, Nigeria abandoned Lagos as its capital among

others due to congestion, centrality and security concerns. Some of the

identified problems would continue to live with Lagos. But is Abuja, the

new capita territory free from problems. Abuja is equally witnessing

problems of congestion, security concerns and host of other concerns.

Abuja faces massive influx of people. Today, we also see evictions all around

the federal capital city, with restrictions put on the poor18. So the problem

seems unending. In Nigeria we have a long list of programmes, projects and

policies initiated with sole of objective of emancipating sector. But they end

as mere paper works and lips services. Nigeria has witnessed rounds of

National Development Plans which include plans for developing mass

housing, urban transport, water supply schemes etc. Virtually all of them

could not accomplish their goals. Most of them leave behind shadows of

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white elephant projects. The little they achieved were knit with top-bottom

threads. Urban development is disconnected from the people and their

needs.

Kano city directly receives all shocks associated with urbanisation in Nigeria.

Kano city may however be unique with many aspects of African

urbanisation. Kano city is not creation of colonialism. It exists for centuries

before colonialism starts in Africa. Kano flourished as southern axis of the

trans-Saharan trade. Kano had comparative advantage for craft industries

such as textiles and tanneries. By the mid 16th century, Kano city was peer of

Cairo and Fez as the leading cities in Africa.19 It has been an established

cosmopolitan city for centuries. Thus cities like Kano are testimonies that

Africa has heritage of an established urban system. Urban Africa is identified

with cities like Kano that are identified as traditional cities, because their

design evolve through agreed upon values, neighbourliness, respect for

established authorities etc20. Through this natural and spontaneous process

people were organised into groups of spaces based on guilds and social

stratifications. Colonialism had greatly transformed the spatial patterns of

Kano city and added to its social stratification. Yet, the impacts of

colonialism on the city could be simultaneously positive and negative for

Kano city. On the positive angle, the colonial government retained Kano as

important commercial and administrative city of course for their

convenience also. They did not also create or empowered any city to rival its

strategic location. On the other hand, the new urban institutions of land

management and urban planning that originate from the colonial era have

continued to be source of concern for the traditional urban system of

Africa.

This chapter gives its reader a brief perspective on the challenges of

urbanisation as global, regional, national and local phenomenon. Since we

have identified city as living and functioning object, we must as well see it as

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symbol of human life system. Therefore if city is OK, then the human

survival is also on the right track. One interesting thing about any urban

settlement whether is it is standard or not is that it is the apex home of its

inhabitants. In other words, urbanites in the high latitudes and their

counterparts on the lower latitude share the same tastes and feelings about

their urban areas. There is hardly any city in the world that is perfectly

sustainable or free of challenges. For Africa, the task of creating conducive

atmosphere in cities is far from being achieved.

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2. Chapter Two

2.1 How Kano Began...Geography before History?

The four letter noun K-a-n-o is a name that persons and business

conglomerations bear in Japan. But there are places all around the world

named Kano also. One of them is a sub-Saharan African city identifiable

with high degree commercial activities and twin hills. The city is also

identifiable with a long time honorific – Kano-ta-Dabo-Cigari which means the

land of Dabo [the second Fulani Emir], the conqueror. Other places named

Kano and geo-referenced in the global geo-database are located in Russia,

Democratic Republic of Congo, Hungary and Russia. A plain land in Kenya is also

called Kano. I presume that pronunciations and meanings would differ

between these places. A simple entry into few internet search engines for the

name Kano brings thousands of hits of which Kano city/state dominate all

the other Kano(s). The title for this second chapter originates from our

classroom blackboard when as primary school pupil. I recall with nostalgia

how our Social Studies teacher introduced Kano to us. The teacher

unpacked Kano to his pupil from a historical perspective. For that lesson,

Kano began with domestication of the Dala Hill and its surrounding

wilderness by the people who came to exploit its rich flora, fauna and iron

ore. The people are said to be called Abagayawa and migrated to Kano from

present day Gaya plains. Among the chieftains of the hunting community

was a man called Kano. While this chapter’s title owes its inspiration from

that ancient classroom lesson, it slightly puts historical perspectives on hold.

The chapter considers environment first. Environment determines events

that happen over time spectrum. Afraid of being identified as environmental

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determinist, I will put the point straight by saying that Kano’s environment

and location clearly favour its unbroken prosperity. Historical and cultural

contexts of the emergence of Kano have strong correlation with the

environmental favours. The chapter however makes attempt to mix the dual

aspects where possible.

2.2 Location and Landscape

Wherever an object is on the earth, it most occupy a location. In case of

Kano city the coordinates that bear its address are: 11° 59'46N, 8° 30'29E.

This georeferenced address how ever does not set the boundaries of the

urban Kano. Even urban experts find it difficult to delineate the borders of

urban areas.21 This is simply because a city can locate its services and some

resources of its survival many kilometres away. Some cities are delinaeted

through adminstrtive fiats. In this case, the borders of urban Kano keep on

swelling. Kano city and its environs are underlain by geological formations

known as the basement complex of older granitic rocks of the pre-Cambrian

origins. The geologic process of pediplanation made it possible for the older

granites to give way for relatively flat terrains or simply the plain-lands that

presently underlie the Kano urbanscape to emerge millions of years ago.

The pockets of hills that we observe all around Kano (Dala, Panisau. Gron

Dutse, Bompai, Challawa) are residual beacons of that natural mass water

washing processes.22 A dry land plain like that of Kano offers a good

opportunity for human settlement, agriculture, grazing and accessibility and

mobility of people and materials. In other words, the landscape of this area

is suited to accommodate more humans as compared with that of rocky,

marshy, sandy or thickly vegetated areas. Landscape as environmental

features favours Kano by making it open and accessible.

2.3 Agricultural Soils

The soils conditions favoured the development of urban agriculture within

and around the city for centuries. The soils of urban and peri-urban Kano

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were utilised for optimum food security through plantation agriculture

(gandu) and irrigation (noman rani or fadama). The undeveloped parts of the

walled city of Kano were substantially utilised for urban agriculture for

hundreds of years. Dorayi, Fanisau, Gandun Albasa were all royal

plantations. The soils in and around Kano are mainly ferruginous type of

soil which have high content of iron. While the intra-zonal type of soils are

mainly the hydromorphic soils popularly known as fadama. Fadama soils

were found along streams and low laying areas within and around the city. A

number of research works have proven that the soils in Kano and around

are very fertile because of the good management strategies of the users as

well as harmattan dust laden winds which drop some minerals that fertilise

the soils again.23 Kano is no doubt an example of one of the locations on

the earth where the population density is high despite the enormous

pressure exerted on the soils. Land-fallowing is not practiced because of the

marvellous land management practises which help soils to be ever

productive and protected.24 The fertile soils in Kano ensure the food

security (with exception of the famine periods of the pre-colonial era). The

soil fertility makes it possible for mass production of various food items in

and around the city.

2.4 Climate, Drainage and Hydrology

Kano has a marked dry and wet season with average wet season of about six

rainy months. The temperature both on diurnal and annual ranges are not

prohibitively high to threaten human, plant and animal life. The annual

temperature range is above 30 degrees Celsius. The Kano climatic features

identified comfortably puts it in the bracket of dryland areas.25 Yet, Kano is

not acutely lacking water on the surface and subsurface. Kano has an

established rain harvesting system through numerous ponds that surround

the city. These ponds help to attenuate high temperatures and create

habitats for aquatic life. The city of Kano is bisected by Jakara stream which

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flows out of the city towards the north eastern direction. In general the city

is located very close to basins of rivers Watari, and Challawa which (then)

flowed all the year round. In the past dominant way for secured water

sources is from the underground sources. Water table levels in many parts

of Kano city are very close to the surface. In general it varies from few

inches to few meters. Water is necessity for all forms of human settlements.

Speaking about its availability on the surface and sub-surface in many areas

of Kano is also important aspect of population carrying capacity of the land.

From the above explanations, it is understandable that Kano city is favoured

by its environmental setting.

2.5 Cultural Vegetation

Until the intensive and overwhelming urbanisation the vegetation of Kano

was farmed parkland. This is derived vegetation where the indigenous tree

plants are kept on the agricultural lands. In the same fashion, many species

of economic trees are planted within the built up areas of the ancient city

and its surroundings. Trees are good identities of the built up areas in Kano

city. Date palm has been a major symbol of the cityscape representing

Islam26. The farmers also keep a number of economic trees on their

farmlands located on the reserve lands within the walled city. some of the

common species within and around Kano city include: Acacia albida (Hausa:

gawo), Acacia nilotica (Hausa: gabaruwa), baobab Adanosia digitata (Hausa:

kuka), Anogeissus leiocarpus (Hausa: marke), neem Azadirachta indica (Hausa:

dogon yaro), desert date Balanties aegyptica (Hausa aduwa), ebony Diospyros

mespiliformis (Hausa: kanya), mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Hausa: madachi),

locust bean Parkia clappertoniana (Hausa: dorawa), Piliostigma thonningii (Hausa:

kargo), Sclerocarya birrea (Hausa: danya), Vitex doniana (Hausa: dinya), Ziziphus

spina-christi (Hausa: kurna) However, denser trees are grown on the

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plantations locates outside the city. The trees are believed to improve to the

soil fertility and its sustainability.

2.6 Population and Settlements in Kano

Availability, abundance and variety of natural resources attracted people to

the landscape that would later become an overwhelming city. Archaeological

dating of some man-made relics shows that iron smelting culture was

practiced in Kano since around 320-380 AD. This means probably people

have settled in the city of Kano at earlier period. Development or evolution

of human settlement in Kano is said to criss-cross centuries. By and large,

the settlements evolved simultaneously across the length and breadth of the

present city and its environs. It all started as isolated groups of hunters and

gatherers on and around few hills - Dala, Goron Dutse, Magwan, Bompai

and Panisau all in the present day Kano metropolitan. Apart from these

hills, Murray Last27 identifies other hilly areas which include Lambu

settlement complex and Fangwai-Santalo complex which lie within what

Kano Close-Settled Zone which covers an area of over 30 miles (50 kilometres)

radius of Kano city which is a high density area.28

It is revealed that Kano survived to answer the name of city only in the 11th

and 12th

century and that was during the reign of Sarki Jusa when the first

phase of the city wall construction project was finished.29 By then, Kano had

become a city where immigrants move into and consequently the need for

security had increased rapidly. The authors also quote Lord Lugard where he

remarks that by the time that he took over the administration of northern

Nigeria he estimated forty walled towns within the 30 miles radius of Kano

city. Kano city had a spatial form that was on vantage point for visitors. The

European explorers such as Barth and Clapperton were particularly attracted

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to the city’s patterns of spatial organisation. Settlements of the people of

this city were organised into guilds and according to social stratifications.30

The spatial organisation of the ancient city of Kano was similar to most

Muslim/Islamic cities in the Maghreb and Middle East. In these palaces the

spatial organisation of city develops spontaneously based on the Islamic

values systems. The Islamic value systems are enshrined in repelling bad,

and eschewing harm to oneself and others. This core values are seen in

roads management, rights of the neighbour and overall rights and

responsibilities of the people. In this regard, Kano developed a system of

wards based on leadership of Mai Unguwa who is answerable to the Sarki

(Emir) through Dagaci/Wakili (Village head/Zonal head) and Hakimi

(District Head). By the 19th century; the emirs of Kano had established a

number of farm houses or slave estates in many parts of the emirate both

near and far away from the city.31 Literary illustrations on accounts given by

three outstanding agents of colonialism namely Clapperton, Barth and Lord

Lugard point to some features of Kano population.32 Their journals indicate

a lot about the demographic numbers of Kano which appeared for them to

be awesome and opium that intoxicated them as their panegyric and

mesmerising remarks on Kano indicate. Clapperton came to Kano as an

explorer cum spy in the 1820s and estimated the population of Kano to be

between 30,000 and 40,000. Barth on the other hand came to Kano in

March 1851 estimated the population of Kano city to be 60, 000 half of

which he believed were slaves. As at that time, the area of the walled city of

Kano was roughly 5,400 acres out of which, only about 2000 acres were

actually inhabited. See figures 2 and 3 below for comparative view of the

Kano of the past and the Kano of the present

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Figure 2Figure 2 Kano in the 19th Century a mark of Indigenous Sustainability (source: Geographical Review April, 1937 vol. 27. Pp 185).

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Figure 3: Kano city has grown overwhelming in the 21st

century

The ponds and open spaces indicate the eco-friendliness of the city then.

However, Barth was of the opinion that the aggregate population of the

Kano province by that period stood at half a million. Thus, this is yet another

ground to support my earlier argument that Kano was not a city-state. In the

case of Lord Lugard, the evidence of Kano's demographic might is indicated

in his military mobilisation to conquer Kano city and its towns in 1903. By

that time Lugard mobilised one thousand foot soldiers, fifty European

commanders, plenty long range guns and four maxim guns. All these could

be sufficient to destroy any big city in the world even today.

As far back as that time Barth was convinced of Kano's cosmopolitan

nature. He saw many people of various ethnic groups conducting their

business under free and fair atmosphere. The tribes he recognised include

the Nupes, Cyprians, Arabs, Mandingos (Wangara of Mali) among others.

The toponyms (name of places) of many areas in Kano also support the

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argument that Kano is ethnically cosmopolitan. Dan Asabe op.cit. lists some

of the wards that bear name of some tribes. they include Zangon Barebari

for (Kanuri merchants and scholars); Tudun Nupawa for Nupe; Ayagi for

Yorubas; Madabo for Wangarawas of Mali; Kul-Kul, Koki and Kan Tudun

Madabo for the people of Katsina; Agadasawa for the people Agades;

Daurawa for people of Daura, Soron Dinki for Fulani migrants; and

Dandalin Turawa for the people of Arab lineage. All these wards have been

in existence since before 19th century. If the above wards are located within

the heart of the ancient city of Kano, it is good to add that that the diverse

demographic composition of Kano spread to beyond the city. At this point,

it is pertinent to add that the robust groundnut business during the colonial

period had attracted many Arabs - Syrians, Lebanese and Yemenis to Kano's

myriad villages and many of them till date have mingled and integrated well

with the natives. It has to be made clear at this point that most of the tribes

mentioned have become fully integrated with the majority Hausa/Fulani

population. As such many ethnic have lost most of their outstanding

heritage paraphernalia. And this has always been the case with similar

circumstances around the world as an anthropologist would confirm.

Kano’s cosmopolitan nature has rather increased remarkably sequel to

economic and windows of opportunity increasingly coming to its way

through globalisation. Kano has acquired its cosmopolitan or globalised

demographic setting since the days of the famous trans-Saharan trade which

brought together people from North Africa, sub-Saharan countries and

Europe. Surprisingly, as the compass of trade shifts to the Atlantic at the

wake of colonial rule many of Kano's sister towns decline in importance and

some have decayed forever. On the other hand, for Kano, colonialism is yet

another fattening ground as it grows both in importance and vigour in that

sort of globalisational process. Since that time, the ethnic composition of

Kano has only increased. Some of the nationalities and ethnic groups in

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Kano excluding the dominant Hausa and Fulani include the following:

Kanuris, Yorubas (all dialects), Arabs (Lebenese, Egyptians, Saudis,

Lebanese, Yemenis, and Syrians), Chinese, Malays, Indonesians, Nupes,

Djerma, Tuareg, Shuwa Arabs, Ebiras, Igalas, Tivs, Jukuns, Angas, Katafs,

Igbos, Edos, Itsekiris, Gwaris, Ghanaians, Senegalese, Europeans,

Americans including African Americans, Caribbeans etc. In a nutshell, the

list is difficult to exhaust. In effect, it is easier to sort out who is not around

than who is around the city of Kano. A number of reasons ranging from

public service, humanitarian, economic and diplomatic activities are seen as

responsible for this enormous ethnic rainbow that Kano is identified with.

From explorers, colonialists and scholars contact with Kano means a lot.

Such people were impressed, enchanted and inspired by what they saw

about Kano from the past through the present. Below are some excerpts of

eulogies passed on Kano by some people who came face to face with Kano.

The following citations appear in The Great Attractions of Kano.33

`The great emporium of kingdom of Hausa`

[On Kano’s market] `Well supplied with every necessary luxury in

request among people…there is no market in Africa so well regulated

`

Henry Barth on Kano:

`the central point of commerce…a great storehouse of information`

`a place like Kano …will at some future become important even for

the commercial world of Europe`

`one of the most fertile spots on earth, and is able to produce not only

the supply of corn necessary for its population but can also export`

`we must presume that Kano is one of the happiest countries in the

world.

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ìt was the most animated picture of a little world in itself , so different

in external form from all that is seen in European town, yet so similar

in its internal principles`

Lord Lugard's account on Kano:

`commercial emporium of the western Sudan`

[On Kano City walls] Ì have never seen, nor even imagined, anything

like it in Africa`

[On Emir's palace] `no mean citadel`

About Kano, Lt. Col. A.F Mockler-Ferryman says it is:

` [The] most famous market of all in Tropical Africa…`

`The London and Manchester of the Sudan`

Ìt is land of plenty, a land literally flowing with milk and honey`

Others include the following:

Leo Africanus an ex-slave believed to have attended the infamous Berlin

conference where Africa was scrambled for amongst the colonial powers,

and who is also believed to had worked with many colonial explorers

visited the many African countries said this about Kano: its inhabitants are

skilled craftsmen and wealthy merchants…But Anania (1573) quoted a

native of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) in Croatia who had lived in Kano for

sometime in the late 1560s and early 1570s and described Kano at the time

of his visit as the third city of Africa after the two north African cities

of Cairo and Fez with some 7500 houses.

Kano, indeed, is a name which excites enthusiasm in every traveller in

these regions, from whatever quarter he may come

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[The] most important and historic state in northern Nigeria, perhaps,

in all ‘British’ Africa…Kano is the biggest and proudest

administration in Nigeria.

Kano is an African cosmopolis of enduring vitality, Kano is arguably

surpassed only by Cairo!...the city represents a model of a uniquely

African cosmopolitanism.

Kano walls are West Africa’s most important monument (Professor

Patrick Darling)

Dr. Murray Last, an Emeritus Professor of History and Anthropology at the

University College London simply describes Kano in his conversation with

the author on 01/09/06 as: A centre point…and a convenient place.

The panegyrics or showers of praises on the Kano of the past follow it to

the modern days. This assertion is justifiable if one considers the stream of

global political, business and opinion leaders that daily set their foot in Kano

in the past. Some of the distinguished visitors Kano has always got the

chance of hosting include:

Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth (II) of the United Kingdom of Great Britain

His Excellency, President Jimmy Carter, United States

His Excellency, Nehru Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister

His Excellency, Dr Kwame Nkurmah, Republic of Ghana

His Excellency, President Gamal Abdul-Nasser, Republic of Egypt

His Excellency, President Julius Nyerere, Tanzania

His Excellency, President Pal Losconzi, Republic of Hungary

His Excellency, President Ahmadu Ahidjo of Cameroon

His Excellency, President Leopard Senghor, Senegal

His Excellency, Jim Callaghan, The British Prime Minister

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Her Excellency, Margaret Thatcher, The British Prime Minister

His Excellency, President Jomo Kenyata, Kenya

His Excellency, President Hamdullah of Mauritania

His Excellency, President Idi Amin Dada of Uganda

His Excellency, President J. J. Rawlings, Ghana (twice)

His Excellency, President Omar Al-Bashir, Sudan (three times)

His Excellency, Mu’ammar Ghaddafi, Libyan Leader

His Excellency, President Hammani Djori, Niger Republic

His Excellency, President Seyni Kountche, Niger Republic

His Excellency, President Ibrahim Baare, Niger Republic

His Excellency, President Idris Debby, Republic of Chad

His Excellency, President Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia

His Excellency, President Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe (twice)

His Excellency, President Augustino Adjustica, Angola

His Excellency, President Yoweri Museveni, Uganda

His Excellency, Prime Minister ANR Robinson of Trinidad and Tobago

His Excellency, President Abdul-Rahman Wahid, Indonesia

His Excellency, President Moussa Traore of Mali

His Excellency, President Alpha Oumar Konare of Mali

His Excellency, President Lansana Conte of Guinea Bissau

His Royal Highness, King Msiwati III of Swaziland

His Excellency, President Samoura Michel of Mozambique

His Excellency, President Dr. Sam Nujoma of Namibia

His Excellency, Prime Minister Forb Burham of Guyana

His Excellency, President Vaclav Klaus of Czech Republic

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His Excellency, President Hoerst Kohler, Federal Republic of Germany

His Excellency, Vice President Walter Mondale, United States

Her Excellency, Mrs. Madeleine Albright, US Secretary of State

His Royal Highness, Edward, Prince of Wales (1925)

His Royal Highness, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh

His Royal Highness, Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales

Sheikh Jawad Al Haqq, Chief Mufti of Egypt

Honourable Leaders of African Parliaments

Honourable Anton Cottier, Swiss Senate President

His Excellency, Governor Lawrence Douglas of Virginia State, United

States

Professor Ali Al–Amin Mazrui, a distinguished scholar in Humanities and

Social Sciences

Dr. Hassan Turabi, Sudanese Head of Parliament and distinguished

politician

Mr Bill Gates, a global business icon

Chief Executives, World Bank & International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Sheikh Abdulbasit Abdussamad – a leading Qaree (reciter) of the Noble

Qur’an

Sheikh Ibrahim Nyass, leader of African Tijjania Sufi Movement

Mr. Ahmed Deedat, a leading comparative studies scholar

Robert Runcie Archbishop of Canterbury, the Head of the Anglican Church

The above roll call of the international VIPs in Kano reveals the exalted

position for which Kano is hold by the international community. It is thus

duty of every responsible government and citizen to make sure that the

good name of Kano is maintained. Substance of commerce and industry in

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the city are not the only tools to help in achieving that. The values system,

sense of justice, hospitality, openness and law and order could make Kano

to excel through the time spectrum.

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Chapter Three

3.1 Trends and Issues in Contemporary Urban Planning and

Development in Kano

This chapter looks at the spectrum of the contemporary urban development

in Kano. In general, the major determinant of the performance of the

Nigerian urban sector from the colonial through postcolonial periods is the

institution of land tenure system. Land tenure system is dependent on the

legal frameworks which are obtainable via the constitutional provisions and

collective societal traditions. Land tenure is central to performance of all

other ancillary factors of urban development programmes and policies.

From land ownership, land distribution, land development, urban planning,

management, and its conservation land tenure system is fundamental. At

best, it could be said that land laws influence urban planning systems and

policies in every country. Kano State as a federating unit in Nigeria is

obligated to submit to the provisions of the Nigerian laws. Invariably, this

means land management and urban planning systems in Kano are not

expected to significantly vary from what is obtainable across the country.

The land laws of Nigeria include the 1902 Public Lands Proclamation; then

follows the Land and Native Rights Proclamation No.9 of 1910; and Land and

Native Rights Ordinance of 1916. These colonial laws stripped local

communities of their ownership of their collective lands and vested it on the

colonial government. In the postcolonial era, Land Tenure Law of 1962 was

enacted. Similarly, the Land Use Act of 1978 was promulgated by the military

government. Unfortunately, in Nigeria the land laws carry in them the

viruses of the colonial land laws. Many professionals and large section of the

Nigerian public blame the 1978 Land Use Act (LUA) for hindering effecting

urban development. Its objectives are said to be largely unfulfilled.

Unfortunately for the Nigerian people, Section 315 (5) of the 1999 Constitution

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of the Federal Republic of Nigeria endorses and validates the 1978 LUA.34 It is

difficult for one to establish what achievements the Urban and Regional

Planning Law, Decree No 88 of 1992 rake for Nigerian city. This means this

land law would remain unless a constitutional amendment is effected in

Nigeria. The national and state planning laws have always rallied around

these laws. The Nigerian land laws are identified with salient defects and

drawbacks. If we take the LUA in particular, it constraints the chances of

the poor, it is highly centralised, it is prone to corrupt tendencies and it is

not compatible with basic housing development needs of Nigeria. The land

and urban planning institutions have always played a key role in urban

development practice right from the colonial period through the present

times.

Apart from the ancient walled city and Fagge, the 15th century trans-Saharan

port, all other major settlements in Kano are of colonial and postcolonial

urbanised origins. For instance Sabon Gari was established in 1913 as

settlement for the skilled workers mainly from southern Nigeria. Gwammaja

was developed in 1932 as experimental settlement for migrants. It is stated

that, in 1940, Gwagwarwa was developed to shelter World War I and II

veterans and migrant Hausa labourers who came from outside Kano.

Gwagwarwa village was integrated into the urban Kano in 1953 as cohabited

area settlement for migrant Hausa and southern Nigerian migrants. Formal

structuring of Kano urban spatial organisation evolved in 1915.35 The old

city and Fagge were marked Traditional Native Sector; Sabon Gari was

classified as African Non-Native Sector; Fagge-Ta-Kudu was termed Arab

Sector. Nassarawa GRA, Bompai and railway area and its surroundings were

labelled as European Sector. Following the 1923 Segregation and Town Planning

Memorandum the colonial government in Kano the first formal spatial lay out

for Kano was implemented in 1927. According to this plan, the CBD,

Nassarawa GRA, Sabon Gari, and Fagge-Ta-Kudu would all be separated

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each other and from the old city of Kano by a building free-zone. The

recommended separated area was 440 yards. Expandable areas for all the

residential areas excluding the walled city of Kano were earmarked for

future growth. Between 1952-1956 population pressure necessitated the free

areas to be developed and the plan abandoned.

Nigeria’s first development plan of 1946 introduced the idea for universal

town planning in Nigeria. On the footsteps of that, in 1962, the northern

regional government established the Greater Kano Planning Authority. The

agency targeted on development of the Kano metropolitan region based on

the Nigerian Town Planning and Ordinance. Unfortunately, that planning process

lost its focus and directly subsequent to dissolution of the regional

government systems. Another reason could be the Nigerian civil war which

diverted attention from major developmental projects. Kano State

government established Kano Metropolitan Planning and Development

Board in 1969. However, the functions of the agency were confined to the

township and industrial zones. At a point in time, urban planning and

development in Kano was carried out concurrently by eight federal agencies,

eight different state agencies in addition to the Kano local government

Authority, Metropolitan Planning and Development Board.36 It is most

unfortunate that, in spite of the sheer number of the agencies they operate

on disparate targets and objectives. This lack of articulation leads to no

meaningful and sustainable development in the city. In 1976, Urban

Development Board (UDB) was established and the edict establishing it

delegated on it responsibilities of urban planning tasks in Kano State.

Following the 1989 review of the planning edict of Kano State, the UDB

was replaced by Kano State Environmental Protection and Planning Agency

(KASEPPA).

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Urban Kano received a major international intervention in 1996 through the

Sustainable Kano Project (SKP). The SKP was a child of the UN Habitat

and UNEP born to address major urban challenges in selected Nigerian

cities. It priority areas include water supply, waste management, flooding

and capacity building. SKP could have been a major opportunity at the

disposal Kano urban administrators. But the project in my view was never

accepted faithfully by the Kano State Government perhaps it was perceived

as threat to the existing urban environmental, development and planning

institutions. The SKP has not been able to achieve the objectives it was set

to achieve37. In 2004, KASEPPA was replaced by new agency, Kano Urban

Planning and Development Agency (KNUPDA). KNUPDA aims to

concentrate on planning and development business in urban Kano. By and

large, researchers on urban Kano concur that in Kano the predominant

mode of urban development is lay out and not master plan. The state

government has over the years succeeded in developing a number at lay outs

at various sites across the length and breadth of the city. The major lay outs

are those at Tarauni, Dan Agundi, Kabuga, Daurawa, Tudun Maliki, Zoo

road, Court road, Airport road. In fact, planning authorities in Kano plan to

have more than eighty such lay outs in and around urban Kano. It is clear

from the above revelations that contemporary urban planning has failed in

Kano city. (Or it failed Kano city?)

However, such failures at whatever direction they are perceived could not be

attributed to the reasons for the soaring crises in the city. At this juncture,

we must establish link of the urban crises with the demographic variables.

Increase in the number of population naturally increases demand and exerts

so much pressure on the natural and infrastructural resources and services.

Overall, population size also determines the spatial organisation and

distribution of the built of areas as well as the infrastructure and the social

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services. Unlike many cities in Africa and elsewhere Kano has never

appeared on a historical scale as shrinking city. Instead, its population has

been steadily and rapidly increasing since pre-colonial era. Kano is a resilient

city that survives shocks of times. This is evidenced in some historical

accounts of the demographics of the city. When Clapperton came to Kano

as an explorer cum spy in the 1820s; he estimated the population of Kano to

be 30,000 - 40,000. Barth on the other hand came to Kano in March 1851.

His estimation of the population of Kano city was 60, 000. As at that time,

the area of the walled city of Kano was roughly 5,400 acres out of which,

only about 2000 acres were actually inhabited. The ponds and open spaces

indicate the ecofriendliness of the city then. In the case of Lord Lugard, the

evidence of Kano's demographic might is indicated in his military

mobilisation to conquer Kano city and its towns in 1903. The population

density of Kano city then was estimated at 21 persons per square kilometre.

In 1932 the estimated population of Kano was 83,000. Another estimation

by Mabogunje reports that in 1952 the estimated population of Kano was

127, 204 inhabitants. Other sources relate that the urban Kano population

figures in 1963 could be 130,17338.

Two decades ago, the estimated annual growth of the population of the city

was put at 7.7%. For many years the population density of the city at around

500 persons per square kilometre.39 In 1991 the estimated population of

Kano City leaped to 1.6 million.40 Similarly, the figures of the 2006 national

census put the Kano urban population at about three million inhabitants.

The contemporary rapid population growth in urban Kano is fuelled mainly

by in-migration induced among others by the overall emphasis put by

government, organisations and individuals on urban development, a bias

that is at neglect of the far and near rural areas. The rate of in-migration to

Kano after national independence was largely due to due to commercial and

industrial opportunities in the city and the fact that colonial segregation

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policies for settlements virtually came to standstill.41 That coupled with

political and economic changes that swept Nigeria. The political changes in

the 1960s made Kano the capital city of the new Kano State in the Nigerian

federation, while the oil boom of that era opened more doors of economic

prosperity and opportunities for people to move into the city.

It is also believed that the major cause of rapid urban growth in Kano is

primarily due to serious rural neglect of the rural areas of Kano State

especially if one considers the abundance of their untapped natural

resources.42 Rural dwellers that migrate to the city exert more pressure to

the already inadequate and overstretched infrastructure and services.

Migration induced population expansion also induces unprecedented spatial

expansion of the city. As an urban area, Kano is now a conglomeration of

the ancient walled Kano city and Fagge (pre-colonial) and other colonial and

postcolonial settlements that continue to overflow into the adjacent rural

areas. This demographic expansion corresponds with increased pressure on

land for various development needs which continue to eat up city ponds and

open spaces within and around the city.43 Over the years, the city witnessed

massive spatial expansions. For instance, between 1962 and 1981 the

northern part of the city has increased by 62.2%; from the south the city

increased by 66.7% and in the northwest it increased by 57.1%. However, it

is found that between 1981 and 1991 the eastern part of the city increased

by 100% and from north-western direction the city grew by 90.9%.44 The

figures of the 1991 national census, puts the population of urban Kano was

estimated at about 1.6 million people.

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Kano metropolis is one of the largest cities in Nigeria that witness’s rapid

expansion spatially and demographically. Not only has the creation of more

local governments within urban Kano testified to that, but the

overwhelming rate at which the city keeps expanding to other neighbouring

local government areas. Presently, Kano grows without any master plan; it

grows aimlessly with no focus, no direction and little control spreading over

11 local government areas.45 This author maintains that the seminal

Travellian Plan made for the period 1963-1983 was never realised. But we

add that even the established planning agencies failed because of the

inherent weaknesses of the African planning schools and systems. Looking

at the long list of the challenges any policymaker and urban planner would

be confused as to from where corrective measures would be launched.

Which type of reform is needed? Will the western urban planning format

solve or mitigate the problem? For how long must we wait for the

spontaneity to shape our city?

At least, the multifaceted challenges must be faced squarely. A Hausa adage

says: Hannu da yawa maganin kazamar miya (meaning: many hands can easily

finish unpalatable stew). In the same notion, all hands must be on deck for

the problems to be managed very well. Handful efforts of the government

over a short period of time cannot draw curtain on all the problems of one

of the large cities in Africa. Urbanisation is indeed a frontline challenge in

this century.

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Figure 4 Some Key Settlements in Urban Kano

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Figure 5: Administrative Borders of urban Kano

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Chapter Four

4.1 Analysis of Integrated Urban Development of the Kano State

Government 2003-2011

An integrated approach is an inexhaustible and timeless approach used in

many disciplines, scientific, social and technological pursuits. This approach

is introduced to the urban sector in 1990s in order to achieve pragmatic

solutions to the challenges of urban development.46 A One-sided approach

rarely gives comprehensive view of the nature of problem being reviewed.

Hence, the global research agenda now shifts towards integration of

paradigms and research tools. Similarly, policymaking for development now

thrives best on the platform of integrated approach. Integrated approach to

development is also underscored by the Agenda 21 and other development

platforms such as the MDGs. Thus, for instance, a good agricultural scheme

should not only produce food, but it should conserve natural resources,

reduce poverty, generate jobs and reflects key economic areas of a given

country. Similarly, a sustainable urban development could only be realised

through an integrated approach. In the case of Kano State, though the

Shekarau administration (2003-2011) has not put in place any blueprint for

integrated urban development, however its programmes and achievements

in the urban development sector reflect the spirit of integrated approach.

The only clearly defined urban development programmes crafted by this

government is its urban renewal programme. This is subsumed under the

Kano State Roadmap for Development (KSRD) which is designed to

respond to the Vision 2020. Truly, the administration has put in place

numerous programmes for the integrated development of urban Kano.

Could this be by accident or by incident? Any attempt by any government to

tackle social problems holistically whether under given any jargon or policy

provided it touches the basic intervention needs of the people it could be

identified as matching the paradigm of integrated development. It is

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important to note that integrated approach to urban development in Kano

or elsewhere in Africa is not an option but necessity. In Kano the task is

more justifiable because it is the capital city of the State right from the

emirate days. In the contemporary history, Kano city has not only retained

all the key administrative and economic activities but it virtually keeps

expanding and consuming nearby peri-urban and rural entities. But the

important question is how many administrations and administrators

understand that Kano needs peculiar attention? If we look at it clearly, the

rate of the growth of the city is not commensurate with that of the rural

areas of the state. Similarly, if the city is left unattended to for long time

then its degeneration would invariably also lead to rural decay. A polluted

city sends its pollutants to the immediate rural vicinities.

In this chapter an attempt is made to analyse the various interventions of

the Shekarau administration that have direct bearing on the development of

the urban Kano. These intervention areas are broadly divided into the

following categories:

Shari’ah Implementation and Social Justice

Urban Infrastructural Development

Human, Social and Economic Development Programmes

These are correspondingly further subdivided into various intervention

areas. The broad categories are interwoven and directly or indirectly

contribute to the urban development in Kano. Hence, our analysis is

premised on the various segments of these roader categories.

4.2 Shari'ah Implementation and Social Justice

Prior to the coming of this administration Kano city wore a kaleidoscopic

mask. In a given day it would be gaiety landscape of trade and business and

tomorrow the skies would be filled with spiralling smokes of violence.

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Religious intolerance and ethnic intolerance scared many from the city. It is

most unfortunate to recall that in most case Kano would be conflagrated

over a happening at very distant places. From Maitasine crises of the 1980s,

to the crises 1980s to 2000s crises in other Nigerian cities or even the

Middle East, Kano would respond with its own share of bloodshed. Crime

rates and moral decadence rose to their peak. In many places, free for all

brothels and discotheques were established and they always create waves of

criminal activities that spilled into the city. Teaming armies of unemployed

youths were unexploded bombs buried across the city of Kano. From the

part of politicians, intolerance of the dissenting voices of the opposition, or

political highhandedness bred crises that destabilise the peace of the society.

All these are features of mighty urban areas especially in the countries of the

global south. Amidst the infested and murky waters of urban crises, there

are still voices of the activists that wanted to reverse the situation. So, some

enlightened ulama and intellectuals such as human rights activists constitute

another layer that mounted pressure on the government and erring

members of the society. This potpourri of risk factors made Kano city an

awesome and certainly uncertain landscape. Its sarakuna (aristocrats), its

attajirai (businessmen) and malamai (ulama); ‘yan boko (intellectuals) and

talakawa (commoners) were helpless. The above complex challenges almost

keep solutions at bay.

From where does any government commence its remedial project for such a

moribund city? Kano city where all this groups reside was plunging deep

and deeper into fathomless disarray and confusion. In between the dividing

line of frustration and hope, the Shekarau administration emerged in may

29th 2003. The administration came with programmes and that many see as

too slow, too standardised and lenient. Yet it maintained the spirit for eight

years.

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At the onset, the government restored public confidence through its Sharia

implementation programmes and social justice. This creates the foundation

to start everything. From 2004-2011 Kano has seen progressing reduction in

the diabolic features observed above. So much has happened in Nigeria and

around the world for which the insecurity barometer of Kano is expected to

rise billows of smoke, yet peace prevailed in the city. So many ethnic and

religious disturbances occurred across Nigeria, but the people of Kano

demonstrated high sense of tolerance, caution and understanding. From

Denmark cartoon saga to Facebook blasphemies nothing unfolded. In spite

of the biting poverty in and around the city political violence is reduced in

this period. Opposition political parties could derange the government and

ruling party without fear of molestation. Many a times the personality of the

agents of the serving government would be at stake. Media outlets could ago

extra mile in their of wave criticisms. The overarching physical clashes

between religious denominations in the city have also reduced significantly

in this period. The infamous clashes between ‘yan daba (political thugs) was

obviously put to the minimum scale.

In the spirit of social justice and holistic approach to solving social

problems, the government employed about four thousand (4,000) casual

workers most of them family breadwinners to serve as street cleaners.

Interestingly, this sizable number includes a number of women. This effort

has significantly improved the lives of these people. The government has

also understood the role of the teeming population of almajirai (the pupils

and students of the Quranic schools). These set of people who are mainly

migrants from the rural areas of the state and its neighbours have been

squarely neglected from the scheme of urban governance. Yet, at the time of

troubles security agencies see them as agents of fire stoking agents. In

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response to this Shekarau administration created an Office of the Special

Adviser to tackle the almajiri question. The programmes designed have

yielded positive results as many of them were integrated into the mainstream

productive sectors like agriculture, building construction, and surprisingly

even the information technology.

The desirable results outlined above are informed by the philosophy of the

government for Shari'ah implementation and social justice. The philosophy

of the administration is that Sharia should be implemented in a holistic

approach. The interpretation of Shari'ah by the regime is not a rigid one, it

does not mean stoning and cutting hands. It means justice and moral

uprightness. In a bid to achieve this vision, the administration created

several institutions to achieve that. The Shari’ah implementation institutions

include:

Shari'ah Commission

Hisbah Board

Zakka and Hubsi Commission

Adaidaita Sahu – Directorate of Societal Reorientation

Public complaints and Anticorruption Commission

Directorate of Projects Monitoring

Basically, these institutions coordinate the silent revolution of reorienting

the social and behavioural landscapes of the city and the state as a whole.

Adaidaita Sahu and Hisbah manage community reconciliation forums. They

also organise lecture series for students and public servants. The Hisbah

corps engages in fishing out the hideouts for shady deals; the body also

patrols streets for hitchhikers, paedophiles, casinos and drug barons. The

main objective of Sharia implementation is fostering the sense of the

sacredness among the people. This is premised on the belief that society can

only prosper when its values systems functions very well. The impacts of

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these initiatives inadvertently run through the Kano urban social fabric.

People started to appreciate what they are reminded of, of the core social

values. The overwhelming population of the Kano youthful audience is

vulnerable to unhealthy publications and films that promote moral

decadence. The Censorship Board was empowered to carry out its

constitutional programmes of sanitising and regulating this important social

sector. The future of any society can be bleak if its youths are allowed to

embrace gloomy paths of indiscipline and immorality. The ombudsmen’s

office, the Public Complaints and Anticorruption Commission has

achieved a lot in dousing tension and in retrieval of rights of the people.

Large proportion of the complaints it received from the public are from the

urban Kano. In some cases, the people involved felt that they do not have

any institution to recourse to either due to financial constraints or sheer

ignorance. In uncountable instances, the Commission has approached the

government, private organisations and individuals seeking redress for

damages done to groups or individuals. The commission has also

undertaken a large scale public enlightenment campaigns on how people can

channel their grievances through peaceful means.

In the spirit of Shari'ah implementation the leadership of the government

has also identified with the essence of good attitude for good governance.

The government has sought the pathways for achieving that through

inclusive politics, fostering of intercommunity relations, respect for freedom

of expression, observance of the rights of the voiceless people like

pensioners. Pensioners had had a bad story to tell the Kano society until the

coming of Shekarau Administration. The Nigerian democratic structure

revolves around three tiers of government- executive, legislature and

judiciary. The traditional institution enjoys unwritten and unbounded

respect. In many states the traditional institution is misused by politicians or

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vice versa. The Shekarau Administration (2003-2011) perceives the

traditional institutions as partners in progress. It realised that their neglect

hardly serves the interests of the public and the government. The

administration successfully reviewed the allowances of the grassroots

traditional rulers who stay closest and amidst the people. These incentives

bring the traditional institutions out of the closet.

One of the most outstanding social justice interventions for the poor in the

modern history of Nigeria is carried out by the Shekarau administration.

This is by no means an exaggeration if one considers how the victims were

left unattended until this government come to their aid. In 1996, Pfizer one

of the world’s leading pharmaceutical corporations from the United States

conducted tests for the Trovan drug on the selected population of children

that contacted meningitis. The drug test was carried out at the IDH located

at Fagge in the metropolitan area. This test leads to the death of six children

and left many with life threatening and altering injuries. The test was

conducted in 1996 almost seven years before Shekarau came to office.

Unfortunately, previous administrations in the state and the country showed

indifference towards the plights of the children of the poor. The Shekarau

took up the legal action leading to the compensation of the victims for the

damages incurred. The administration concluded the legal processes for the

compensations and sets up a trust fund to utilise some of the funds realised

by the state government. The administration used parts of the proceeds to

build a 200 bed capacity Healthcare Facility that cost 3.8 billion Naira.

The facility would serve as centre for diseases control with state of the art

facilities. It is to be first of its kind in the Africa south of Sahara.

The administration has also created the State Shura (consultative) forum

which is a non-partisan grouping of eminent religious, opinion and

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community leaders. The forum is co-chaired by the Kano State Governor

and the Emir of Kano respectively. The forum discusses, advises and

resolves contending issues brought before it by the government or any

section of the society. Though the forum is not part of the democratic

structures but it earns more public respect and confidence than the formal

structures. The forum also creates room for the people to contribute. Some

people would keep away from any forum with partisan colouration but the

Shura is okay for them.

In the spirit of inclusive politics the government has carried out its

development programmes regardless of electoral potentials of communities.

The government has appointed three Special Advisers to the state governor

on intercommunity relations. The three advisers represent the non-

indigenous Nigerians residing in Kano State. Political inclusiveness must be

genuinely and practically defined. For instance, during the 2003 and 2007

elections the ruling party has lost to the opposition in Sabon Gari area of

the metropolis. The Governor is fully aware that he does not seek re-

election, yet he carried out multi-billion road projects in the area. Road

dilapidation is a major challenge in the area. Besides, the settlers of the area

are non-indigenes. Yet their roads were reconstructed beyond their

expectations. This is the political inclusiveness introduced by the

administration.

Social justice calls for giving everybody a sense of belonging. Anything short

of that people would not understand and they may only hold grudges

against the government or other people around them. When this

administration assumed poor in 2003, it immediately settled the long

outstanding debts the government owed its retirees. Pension benefits were

not fully settled in the State since 1979. These pensioners lived in and

around the city with their families. There is no programme or project that

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the government would unveil to placate them. The best thing would be to

settle what is due to them. This government settled their outstanding

payments and made policy that hence pensioners must be settled every

month before the salaries of the public servants are settled. The life of this

people blossomed. For such people the city would be good place to live

since they get somewhere to hang. This indicates that urban stability could

only be achieved when rights and feelings of the people are observed and

respected by the government.

Sharing of the public resources is one area that strengthens or weakens the

public confidence. Previous administrations in the state have established the

culture of elegant distribution of gift items to the elites of the city during

festive periods. The have-nots are left virtually with nothing. In compliance

with its spirit of social justice, the Shekarau administration centralised the

gift beneficiaries. Public servants and the poor now dominate the

beneficiaries list. For the public servants Ramadan and Ram bonuses were

introduced for the two major Muslim festive periods. For the poor masses,

the government introduced Ramadan feeding scheme which run throughout

the month of Ramadan across the city. The scheme empowers the women

contracted to cook and supply the food items to various distribution

centres. Zakkah and Hubusi Commission complements other conventional

poverty alleviation programmes. From its inception in 2004, the commission

disbursed over one billion Naira to the various urban poor groups as Zakkat

payments. Collectively, the good attitude and inclusive policies have

remarkably helped in re-establishing the sense of social justice in the city of

Kano. The city is now more stable and registers reduced chaos and violence

that prominently and frequently in the past.

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The Shekarau administration created the Projects and Monitoring

Directorate as a watchdog agency and gives it a full cabinet status. The

Directorate twitters all projects in all the ministries, departments and

agencies to make sure that they execute and finish all the projects for which

public funds are allocated. This innovation has greatly assisted urban Kano.

in the former urban order projects could abandoned or executed at costs

that do not reflect actual expenses government made.

4.3 URBAN INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Based on the recorded achievements of the various ministries, departments

and agencies in Kano state, it is difficult to deny the Shekarau administration

a credit for the innovative, unprecedented and urban sensitive policy

programmes it ushered into urban Kano. The government has touched

many angles and sectors that need to be touch. In some cases, the

intervention of this administration is innovative as it is first of its kind in the

entire nation or in some instances the northern region. For the sake of

simplicity and detailed analysis this section is further subdivided into the

following intervention areas:

Urban Renewal Programmes

Constituency Infrastructures/Projects

Other Infrastructural and Environmental Services

The above identified programmes are directly or indirectly linked to Kano

State Roadmap for Development (KSRD); Kano Urban Renewal Project,

Public Private Partnerships programmes as well as standing policies to

harmonise Kano development plans with the national and international

policies and best practices.

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4.3.1 Urban Renewal Programmes

Roads Reconstruction and Expansions take a leading place under the

urban infrastructural agenda of the Shekarau administration. The last time

urban Kano witnessed widespread roads expansions and constructions was

in 1970s. Of course, there has been road construction here and there but on

a very limited scale. Increase in population and expansion in the use of

automobiles in the Kano put much pressure on the urban roads. From that

time governments have focussed attention on rehabilitation of smaller and

shorter roads. But the rapid demographic, economic and social development

blanketing Kano could not withstand the roads that this administration

inherited. Traffic congestion is particularly a cogwheel to the smooth flow

of trade and business. As a result the Shekarau administration embarked on

mass urban roads projects that number over a hundred. The Shekarau

administration is fast and apt in appreciation of the role of road

infrastructures in the promotion of the investment in the urban Kano. The

Kano metropolitan and the Central Business District (CBD) in particular are

the hubs of investment. It is beyond argument that until the renovations, the

urban road infrastructure in particular within the affected areas could not

cope with increased volume of trade and business and that has led to

increased delays in doing business due to traffic jams. The Shekarau

administration has undertaken mass reconstruction of roads in the Kano

metropolis and the CBD. The new roads reflect the long term interests of

the fast urbanising city of Kano. Now the old four lanes roads have given

way to the new six lanes roads. Such roads include the State Road, Ibrahim

Taiwo Road, Bayero University Kano Road. In some cases, some roads are

converted from single lanes into dual roads with basic road infrastructures.

Such dualised roads include Zoo road, Club Road installed to allow for hitch

free mobility. The roads involved in both metropolis and CBD are given

below:

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State Road

Ibrahim Taiwo Road

Muhammadu Abdullahi Wase Road

BUK Road

Zoo Road

Yantsaki-Zaria Road

Club (Sani Marshal)Road

Post Office Road

Lagos Street

Bank Road

Niger Street

Palmer Road

Yolawa Road

Bello Road Link

These roads were constructed and commissioned between 2007 and 2011.

Apart from these roads, several other parts of the urban Kano have their

own share of roads constructions and rehabilitations. Tables 1 to 5 below

give the list of the affected roads and their locations within the urban Kano.

The roads covered in these tables essentially cover roads projects

undertaken between 2004 and 2007. The roads also indicate the costs and

contractors. This is a good development in that it establishes a sense of

transparency in the government business. The tables also substantiate the

fair distribution of the roads rehabilitation and constructions by the

Shekarau administration. All the metropolitan local government areas

benefit from the projects. The projects also cover other local government

areas whose lands are gradually being overtaken by the tentacles of the

massively growing city of Kano. In general, it is clear that the administration

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has involved itself so much with roads since its inception in 2003. Roads are

central to the development and survival of urban settlements. Roads not

only connect people and business but they crucial to the value of any given

area within and around an urban area.

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Table 1: List of urban roads

S/NO DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT/PROGRAMME

LOCATION CONTRACT SUM ( N )

CONTRACTOR DATE(S) OF

PROJECT

1. Rehabilitation of Lamido Crescent Road Nassarawa L.G. 111,904,946.40 NECCO 2004 2. Rehabilitation of K/Mazugal – Koki – Bakin

Zuwo Road.

Dala L.G. 56,091,044.34 NECCO 2004

3. Rehabilitation of Hausa Igbo road Fagge L.G. 85,241,314.48 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2004 4. Rehabilitation of Link road (Post Office

Road, Bello Road).

Nassarawa L.G. 6,087,097.80 “ 2004

5. Construction of Sabilar-Rashad Road Tarauni L.G. 29,522,612.16 Borini Prono 2004 6. Rehabilitation of 10No. of Roundabout Municipal L.G. 249,882,163.48 Dantata & Sawoe 2004 7. Rehabilitation of I.B.B. Road Fagge L.G. 299,282,783.00 Dantata & Sawoe 2004 8. Construction of Gyadi-Gyadi Ja’oji Tarauni L.G. 18,234,732.65 Standard Construction

Ltd.

2004

9. Reconstruction of Festing-Burma Road Fagge L.G. 74,000,000.00 Dantata & Sawoe 2005 10. Rehabilitation of Yola Road Municipal L.G. 57,970,459.66 Standard Const. Ltd. 2004 11. Rehabilitation of Bello Road Fagge L.G. 48,228,664.06 Borni Prono 2004 12. Rehabilitation of Beirut Road “ 17,850,097.40 Standard Costr. Ltd. 2004

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Table 2 List of Urban Roads continued

1. Reconstruction of Alu Avenue Road Nassarawa L.G. 34,006,535.94 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2004

2. Reconstruction of Sharada-Tukuntawa Road Municipal L.G. 290,715,750.20 Dantata & Sawoe 2005

3. Reconstruction of Dawaki Road Nassarawa L.G. 27,104,691.94 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2004

1. Rehabilitation of Airport Road Nassarawa L.G. 24,263,295.00 “ 2004

2. Rehabilitation of Audu Bako Way “ 11,186,547.42 “ 2004

3. Rehabilitation of B.U.K. Failed Section Gwale L.G. 19,947,621.38 Standard Const. Ltd. 2004

4. Jakara – Goron Dutse Road Dala L.G. 62,381,412.80 “ 2004

5. Provision of cover slab at Jakara Goron Dutse.

Dala L.G. 11,656,107.79 Completed 2005

6. Daulisation of Hadejia Road Nassarawa L.G. 24,825,423.00 Abduljalil Hajaig & Son 2005

7. Daulisation of Zoo Road Tarauni L.G. 9,965,970.00 “ 2005

8. Construction of WTC-ATC Road Gwale L.G. 75,033,448.08 “ 2005

9. Rehabilitation of Nassarawa Hospital Road Nassarawa L.G. 53,877,936.00 Vicinanza Const. Ltd. 2005

10. Repairs of critically failed portions of Sharada Road .

Municipal L.G. 49,967,516.03 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2005

11. Maintenance of Independence Road Nassarawa L.G. 14,807,611.35 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2005

12. Reconstruction of Shagari Quarters Road Kumbotso L.G. Dantata & Sawoe 2005

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13. Reconstruction of Sheka Makaranta Road “ 111,898,293.29 Standard Constr. Ltd. 2005

14. Construction of Sharada Juma’at Mosque- Turbar Kura – Yahaya Gusau.

Municipal L.G. 152,249,959.66 Karsa Const. Co. Ltd. 2006

Table 3 List of Urban roads continued


LOCATION CONTRACT SUM CONTRACTOR DATE(S) OF

PROJECT

1. Rehabilitation of Kwanar Dala – Makafin Dala.

Dala L.G. 60,098,639.85 Sky 2006

2. Reconstruction of Sardauna Crescent- Eastern Bypass.

Nassarawa L.G. 181,180,177.07 Standard Constr. Ltd. 2006

3. Reconstruction of Tudun Wada – Rimin Kebe.

Nassarawa L.G. 97,812,587.25 Philco Ltd. 2006

4. Construction of B.U.K. – NNDC Qtrs. Road Municipal L.G. 94,754,090.74 Sky 2006

5. Rehabilitation of Gidan Shattima-Makwarari Road.

Municipal L.G. 82,562,473.19 Borini Prono & Co. 2006

6. Rehabilitation of Shekara-Kabarin Wali – Rimi Market – K/Mata Road.

Municipal L.G. 118,708,653.42 Borini Prono & Co. 2006

7. Reconstruction of Olusegun Obasanjo Road Fagge L.G. 163,645,518.96 Dantata & Sawoe 2006

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8. Construction of Press Road Gyadi-Gyadi Tarauni L.G. 52,415,121.15 E.E.C 2006

9. Construction of NEPA-Sautul Qur’an Road Gyadi-Gyadi.

Tarauni L.G. 63,548,237.81 E.E.C 2006

10. Reconstruction of Dandawaki –Massalachi Primary School Road.

Municipal L.G. 29,311,498.28 E.E.C. 2006

11. Construction of Dan Rimi-S/Birni Road Fagge L.G. 195,467,329.57 Vicinanza 2006

12. Construction of Road from Sharada Market – Sharada Main Road.

Municipal L.G. 51,311,260.22 Sky 2007

13. Dualisation of Sabon Bakin Zuwo road Tarauni L.G. 322,063,446.60 E.E.C. 2007

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PROJECT

1. Rehabilitation of Durbin Katsina Road Nassarawa L.G. 56,485,209.38 Philco Ltd. 2007

2. Construction of Wajila – Sabuwar Kofa Road Municipal L.G. 81,534,580.24 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2006

3. Construction of Yan Gamadan – K/Wambai Road.

“ 80,190,154.44 Dan Yakasai Properties 2006

4. Construction of Dorayi-Yamadawa-Gwarzo Road.

Gwale L.G. 288,018,822.09 Borini Prono 2006

5. Rehabilitation and Asphalt Overlay of Plaza – WAPA Road.

Fagge L.G. 92,782,025.77 Vicinanza 2007

6. Rehabilitation of the roads within Gandun Albasa Housing Estate.

Municipal L.G. 98,137,721.12 E.E.C. 2007

7. Construction of Gyadi-Gyadi – Yan Azara Road.

Tarauni L.G. 58,497,127.20 Intershelter Const. Ltd. 2006

8. Construction of Road beside Sabon Bakin Zuwo Maternity Hospital.

Municipal L.G. 22,556,598.00 Precision Maint. Const. Co. Ltd.

2007

9. Construction of Lamido Crescent – Kawo Motor Park Road.

Nassarawa L.G. 71,556,924.60 Sanyak 2007

10. Reconstruction of Leader Textile-Kukar Idau Road.

Dala L.G. 98,087,379.84 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2007

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11. Rehabilitation of U.D.B. Road Nassarawa L.G. 98,843,174.,21 Performance 2007

12. Rehabilitation of Bornu Avenue “ 27,270,748.25 Philco 2007

13. Construction of Zage-Zango – K/Mata Road Municipal L.G. 81,182,146.50 Abduljalil Hajaig & Sons 2007




PROJECT

1. Construction of K/Kabuga-K/Waika – K/Ruwa – Katsina Road.

Dala L.G. 402,240,061.12 Sky 2007

2. Construction of Gobirawa-yankifi-K/Dawanau Road.

Dala L.G. 127,841,467.95 Sanyak 2006

3. Construction of Giginyu-Kawo –Eastern Bypass.

Nassarawa L.G. 226,573,069.85 Karsa 2007

4. Construction of Sheka-Achi Lafiya road Kumbotso L.G. 233,358,444.85 Kimpex Const. Ltd. 2007

5. Construction of Na’ibawa Road C. “ 64,970,539.69 Kimpex Constr.Ltd. 2007

6. Asphalt Overlay of Fagge Dandali-WAPA Road.

Fagge L.G. 19,128,944.62 Kamisa Nig. Ltd. 2007

7. Reconstruction of Challawa – Coca-cola Road.

Kumbotso L.G. 393,182,782.33 Performance Const. Co. 2007

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8. Provision of Base Improvement at NNPC Hotoro Depot Parking Space.

Tarauni L.G. 8,924,737.50 Direct Labour 2003

9. Rehabilitation of Bello Kano Terrace

Nassarawa L.G. 2,381,400.00 “ 2003

10. Rehabilitation of Pilgrims Camp Road

Fagge L.G. 704,294.00 “ 2003

11. Rehabilitation of Road Network within Audu Bako Secretariat.

Nassarawa L.G. 12,000,000.00 “ 2004

12. Construction of Road and Drainages at Tokarawa Old Settlement.

Nassarawa L.G. 24,697,712.94 “ 2004

13. 14. Rehabilitation of Abdullahi Wase – WAPA

& Fagge Dandali – Ibrahim Taiwo Road.

Fagge L.G. 21,695,192.99 Direct Labour 2004

15. Drainage Construction at Gwangwazo – Indabawa – Dan’Agundi – B.U.K. Road.

Municipal L.G. 5,032,017.00 “ 2004

16. Drainage Construction Majema – Makafin Dala – ‘Yan’Awaki.

Dala L. G. 1,511,256.60 “ 2004

17. Rehabilitation of Dakata – Kawaji Road

Nassarawa L.G. 18,355,260.00 “ 2004

18. Road Rehabilitation at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital.

Tarauni L.G. 2,535,400.00 “ 2004

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19. Construction of Drainage at Zango – Zage Municipal L.G. 81,182,146.50 “ 2004 20. Maintenance of Tarauni Market Road

Tarauni L.G. 1,501,430.11 “ 2005

21. Maintenance of Gwale – ‘Yan Alewa Road Gwale L.G.

682,229.88 “ 2005

22. Maintenance of Hausawa S/Titi – Ribadu – Isa Kaita Road.

Tarauni L.G. 3,652,425.50 “ 2005

23. Maintenance of Lafiya/Kwairanga Road

Nassarawa L.G. 601,312.00 “ 2005

24. Construction of Road and Drainage at Yola – Satatima and from Masallachi – Gidan Ma’aji .

Municipal L.G. 16,345,092.00 “ 2005

25. Provision of Infrastructure at Zawachiki Layout.

Kumbotso L.G. 47,470,678.70 Direct Labour 2005

26. Reconstruction of Roads within Gyadi-Gyadi – Kundila Housing Estate.

Tarauni L.G. 54,001,938.70 “ 2007

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4.3.2 Constituency Infrastructure/Projects

One of the prime innovations of the Shekarau administration to the good

governance is the idea of constituency projects. The people’s representatives

on the state legislature are allowed to consult with their constituency to

identify special areas for intervention by the state government. This is

different and separate from the votes of conventional development projects.

Based on this community based programme all parts of Kano state have

benefitted from such projects. Many communities in the urban Kano have

identified some of infrastructures that they needed and the government has

obliged to their needs through the State Ministry of Works Transport and

Housing. Tables 6 to 11 carry the details of the constituency projects in

urban Kano.

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Table 6 Constituency projects in Urban Kano

S/N. PROJECT TITLE LOCATION NAME OF CONTRACTOR

CONT. SUM =N=

CONTINGENCY SAVING

=N=

REMARKS/RETN. =N=

1. Purchase of 2No.

Houses at Fagge (D1),

and construction of

Islamiyya School with

Furniture (Hayatuddeen)

Fagge (D1

1. Direct

2. Danladi

Muhammad

Yakasai 3. Yusuf

Garba

5,800,000.00

2,842,640.00

1,900,000.00

NA

50,000.00

NA

142,132.05

44,615.50 Pd

2. Construction of

Islamiyya and Mosque

at (MaL. Babba) Bila

Avenue

Fagge (DI) Alh. Isa Tela

3,500,000,00

25,000.00

175,000.00 Pd

3. Purchase of House at

Kwaciri for the

construction of Islamiyya School

(Nurul Adfan).

Kwaciri

Ward.

Direct

Alh Auwalu Bawa

1,500,000.00

2,842,640.96

NIL

50,000.00

NIL

142,132.05 Pd

4. Purchase of Land for

the Construction of

Idrisiyya Islamiyya

School, Rijiyar Lemo

(Expantion works).

Rijiyar Lemo Direct 1,500,000.00 N/A N/A

7. Construction of School

at Kwaciri Ward (Umar

Bin Khatab).

Kwaciri Alh.

Muhammadu

Abubakar

6,500,000.00 50,000.00 325,000.00 Pd

8. Completion of Ta’alimul Qur’an

Kwaciri Jobe.

Kwaciri Jobe.

SKS Enterprises

3,000,000.00 20,000.00

140,000.00

150,000.00 Pd

978,879.60

of 144



CONT. SUM =N=

CONTINGENCY SAVING

=N=

REMARKS/RETN. =N=

1. Completion of Makama

Islamiyya School.

Kundila Raula Global

Invest.

1,356,549.71 50,000.00 65,327.49

2. Completion of Mu’azu

Bin Jabal Islamiyya

Kundila.

Kundila

Alasan Ahmed

Fanshekara

3,753,244.95

100,000.00

180,662.25 Pd

3. Completion of Usman

Bin Affan Islamic

Centre

Gyadi-Gyadi Muhammad

Katago

4,592,193.90 50,000.00 229,609.70 Pd

4. Construction of Five

Daily Prayers Mosque U/Uku.

Bayan

Tasha

Hafaza Enterp. 883,688.94 NIL 44,184.45

5. Construction of Islamiyya School at

Gyadi-Gyadi Kudu

including Furniture.

Gyadi-Gyadi,

Kudu

Amshariff Nig. Ltd.

4,223.143.20 50,000.00 208,657.16

6. Construction of

Drainage at Kasuwar

Dare.

Kasuwar

Dare

Malami Ibrahim

Kurmawa

2,453,679.90 100,000.00 122,684.00

7. Supply of Furniture to

Abubakar Sadiq

Islamiyya.

Abubakar

Sadiq.

Kundila

Buhari Mohd

Bunkure

367,500.00

NIL NIL

8 Land compensation for the (5) above.

Gyadi-Gyadi Direct 2,000,000.00 NIL NIL

of 144



CONT. SUM =N=

CONTINGENCY SAVING

=N=

REMARKS/RETN. =N=

1. Purchased of House

located at Sheik Malam

Manzo Arzai

Sheik

Malam

Manzo Arzai

Direct 2,000,000.00 NIL NIL

2. Construction of

Islamiyya School at

Ma’ah M. Auwalu Tagwayen Gida and

provision of furniture

and Hand Pump(Bore

Hole)

Tagwayen

Gida

SAK Brothers 5,000,000.00 100,000.00 250,000.00 Pd

3. Construction of

Islamiyya Classroom at

Tudun Makera &

Furniture.

Tudun

Makera

Alh. Auwalu

Mu’azu

3,000,000.00 100,000.00 150,000.00 Pd

of 144



CONT. SUM =N=

CONTINGENCY SAVING

=N=

REMARKS/RETN. =N=

1. Construction of Health

Centre (3)

Gama Ward Nuhu Isa 7,667,350.20 250,000.00 383,367.51 Pd

2. Construction of one

block of classroom at

Santulma Sec. Sch.

Without office.

Gama Ward Murtala

Hussaini

3,381,322.70 50,000.00 169,066.14 Pd

3. Construction of 2No. block of classroom with

furniture Gwagwarwa

Primary School.

Gwagwarwa Ward

Sabrah Enterprises Ltd.

7,392,645.44 100,000.00 369,632.27 Pd

4. Purchase of House for

Islamiyya School at

Kwana Hudu.

Kwana Hudu-

K/Goje Ward.


5. Construction of five

Daily Prayer Mosque

Near M. Shehu House

Kuka daya.

Kuka Daya

K/Goje Ward

Ahmed Babati 883,688.94 50,000.00 44,184.45

6. Renovation of Five

Prayer Mosque Dakata opposite Na Maliya

Dakata Ward A. Halilu M, 775,000.00 5,302.31 38,750.00 Pd

7. Construction of Five

Daily Prayer Mosque

Near Alh. Ado

Galadima House.

Alh. Ado

Galadima

House Dakata

Ward

Ahmed Babati 883,688.94 50,000.00 44,184.45

8. Construction of

Islamiyya School at

Kawo NTA

Kawo NTA

Gijinyu Ward

Alh. Abbas

Maikano

2,842,640.00 100,000.00 142,132.04 Pd

of 144

9. Renovation of

Islamiyya School at

Tahafizul Qur’an

Islamiyya Badawa.

Badawa Gijinyu Ward.

Wada Bashir 922,336.22 NIL NIL

10. Purchase of House for

Islamiyya School at

Sabaru

Kawaji Ward Direct 2,500,000.00 NIL NIL

11. Renovation of 2

Islamiyya School and

one five daily prayer Mosque:-

a) Ihiya’u Sunnah

b) Madarasatul

Sakafatul

Gilman

c) Ahlul Sunnan Mosque.

Tudun Wada

Ward

Garko

Petroleum

3,750,000.00

150,000.00

187,500.00

12. Roofing of Islamiyya

School

Kawaji Nura Musa

197,324.56 NIL NIL

of 144



CONT. SUM =N=

CONTINGENCY SAVING

=N=

REMARKS/RETN. =N=

1. Completion of first

floor for Madarasatul

Nurul Hayatu

Gyaranya

Ward

Multiplex Limited 1,819,903.80 65,000.00 90,995.19

2. Re-construction of

Mall. Yusif Mai Babban

Zaure Mosque

Warure

Ward

Mustapha

K/Karofi

1,358,576.60 50,000.00 67,928.83

3. Re-construction of

Makarantar Mallam Hadi

Gyaranya

Ward

Alh. Muktar

K/Mata

1,070,150.61 10,000.00 53,507.53 Pd

4. Renovation of Akwa Mosque

Lungun Barebari

Gyaranya

Ward

Gali Muhammad 528,022.12 20,000.00 26,621.02 Pd

5. Renovation of Benen

Jingau Mosque and

Islamiyya School

Lungun

Barebari,

Mandawari

Ward

Alh. Dauda

Imawa

1,350,378.14 50,000.00 67,518.90 Pd

6. Renovation of Tudun –

Male Mosque

Jingau

Ward

Messr Faruk

Abdullahi

1,631,357.94 100,000.00 81,567.89

7. Construction of

Drainage and Laterite filling of Gidan Dutse

Road at Ja’en,

Unguwar Lalle.

Ja’en

Dorayi Ward

Bounty Excel 1,791,382.65 65,000.00 89,569.13

8. Reconstruction of

drainage, Laterite and

Stone filling at Layin

Transformer in Kabuga

Dukawuya,

Kabuga

Ward

MK V. Ltd 6,349,202.96 317,460.14

of 144

9. Casting of first floor

slab at Abdullahi Bin

Abbas Mosque.

Unguwar Bello

Dorayi

Karama

Muhsinu Sa’ad

Mari

1,193,663.85 50,000.00 59,683.19

10. Completion of first

floor for Madarasatul

Tahfeezul Qur’an Wal Ulumil Diniya at

Dangwalalo

Dangwalalo,

Kabuga

Ward

ALLA INVEST 1,624,720.31 60,000.00 NIL

11. Construction of

Madarasatul Nurul

Ulum

Dorayi

Karama

Danzaki

Pharmaceuticals

2,395,652.11 90,600.00 119,782.60 Pd

12. Construction of

Mosque at Tudun –

Yola

Tudun Yola,

Kabuga

Ward

Hauwa Datti 1,334,079.05 50,000.00 66,703.95 Pd

13. Block wall fencing and

Drainage

Kofar –

Kabuga

Primary School

Hindu Buhari 1,076,008.35 35,061.31 53,800.41 Pd

14. Carpeting and Painting at GGAC Goron –

Dutse

G.G.A.C. Goron

Dutse,

Kabuga

Ward

Maimuna Umar 474,490.59 NIL 23,724.52

15. Construction of Shades

for Mosque and Sitting

at Kofar Gadon – Kaya

Sani

Mainagge

Ward

Alh.

Muhammadu

Yamishi

516,446.50 NIL 25,822.33

16. Construction of

Sabuwar Duka Wuya

Mosque

Kabuga

Ward

Ditto Quants

Consultants

2,863,937.56 100,000.00 143,196.87

17. Construction of Zauren

Malam Aminu Kano

Karofin

Sudawa

Abdullahi Sani

Galadanchi

1,147,243.53 50,000.00 57,362.17

of 144

18. Land Acquisition at

Karofin Sudawa for

Construction Zauren

Malam Aminu Kano and Children Play-

Ground

Karofin

Sudawa

Direct 4,000,000.00 4,167.00 {Saving}

NIL

19. Compensation of a

Land for Burial

Ground (Makabarta) at

Ja’en

Ja’en Direct 1,000,000.00 NIL NIL

20. Land Asquisition at

Laying Transformer for

Construction of Mosque

Sabuwar

Dukawuya


21. Land Acquisition at Dandago for Islamiyya

School Extention.

Dandago Ward

Direct 800,000.00 NIL NIL

22. Land acquisition at

Unguwar Lalle for Road

Extension

Unguwar

Lalle, Ja’en


of 144



CONT. SUM =N=

CONTINGENCY SAVING

=N=

REMARKS/RETN. =N=

1. Construction of

Mirkatul Islamiya

Classrooms

Yakasai Babangida Ammani Maizare

2,833,965.75 50,000.00 141,698.29

2. Construction of

Islamiya Classrooms

Indabawa Aminu Bako 1,939,197.75 50,000.00 96,959.89 Pd

3. Muhsin Islamic

Centre

Dorayi Alkantara. Sabo Garko 1,256,422.65 50,000.00 62,821.13 Pd

4. Abdullahi Islamiya

School

Dorayi Yani Karkasara

1,273,112.40 NIL 63,655.62 Pd

5. Construction of

additional Classes for Mal Sadiq School

Makwarari Yusuf G/Danga

1,230,359.55 NIL 61,517.98

6. Construction of Hajiya Tafada

Islamiya School

Soron Dinki Chedi & Sons General Merchants Ltd

2,531,120.50 NIL 126,556.03 Pd

7. Completion of Mal.

Hassa Chiromawa Islamiya School

Kofar Wambai Damama Nig. Ltd

2,113,534.50 NIL 105,676.73 Pd

8. Renovation of Mal. Lalla Mosque

Makwarari Abubakar Yusuf

705,897.15 20,000.00 35,294.86 Pd

9. Compensation of

Kurawa Islamiya

Kurawa Direct 1,000,000.00 NIL NIL

of 144

10.

Construction of

Shades

i)Makera Kofar

Wambai

ii)Yan Wankin

Babura, ‘Yar

Magaji

Alh. Nagari Lawan Madabo

58,762.20

234,154.95

292,917.15

NIL 14,645.85 Pd

11. Construction of Shades

i) Sharadar

Mal.

G/Gar

u

ii) Makwarari Gidan Alh. Iliya

iii) Kabiru Mai

Fura, Makwarari

Alh. Labaran Marmara

140,469.00 321,980.40

53,579.40

516,028.80

NIL 25,801.44 Pd

12. Construction of

Shades

i) NEPA Shahuchi

ii) Shahhuchi

Washing Slab

Abdullahi Mai Kiosk

475,241.55

324,154.95

799,396.50

NIL 39,969.68

13. Construction of

Shades

i) Masallachin

Kan Badala,

K/Wambai

ii) Durumin Iya/ rimin Kira

ii)Tukuntawa Kofar Gidan

Malam

iv) Tudun

Wazirchi bayan

Gidan Galadima

Nasiru Mai Tebur Abubakar Isa Maihula Ahmadu Bako Abdullahi Abubakar Mohd.

232,899.45

372,507.45

74,000.00

112,826.70

186,826.70

NIL

NIL

NIL

11,664.48

18,625.37 Pd

9,341.33 Pd

of 144

14. Construction of

Shades

i) Agadasawa

Islamiya Gidan

Mal. Jibrin

Tudun Wazirchi

Bakin Titi

Ado

Muhammad

Dambatta

195,956.50

123,436.95

319,393.45

NIL 15,969.65 Pd

15

Construction of

Shades

Standard 15No.

at various

locations

N102,841.58

Ado Gandu 1,542,623.70 NIL 77,131.19

16. Construction of

Shades

K/Kurmi, Makera Garba Lawan

Dadin

400,000.00 NIL 20,000.00 Pd

of 144

The constituency projects essentially cover some of the pressing community

identified needs. As a result of this process many islamiyya schools were

constructed, some were renovated and some were expanded through

purchanse of lands. In some areas some guilds have requested for canopies

to be constructed for their spaces. Community mosques and drainages were

also constructed in many areas. Another good aspect of this innovation is

that local contractors were engaged for the constituency projects. The list of

the projects revealed in the above tables are mere samples of the projects

that run through the years of the Shekarau adminisration. The main point to

make is that these projects have contibuted in no small measure to the

development of communities and in gving them sense of belonging. The

projects have really toched the lives of so many people who previously lack

the acces to identify their basic and smple infrasructural needs.

4.3.3 Other Urban Infrastructural and Environmental Services

Urban Land Development

Prevous administrations in the State embarked on wanton land development

programmes across the urban Kano. Most of such land developments and

allocations lack due process and professional touches. Lands were

developed without designs and approvals from the planning authorities. The

Shekarau administration opted for proper land development approaches.

For instance, when the government acquired ownershipnof the Federal

Government’s Aviation Land at Kofar Na’isa it gave out contract for the

proper design and development of the basic land infrastructure. The newly

acquired land has an area of about 1,000 squre meters (figure 6). This also

translate into the other land developments around the proposed Kanawa

market.

of 144

By the tail end of the year 2010, the State Government has plans in motion

for the development of 50,000 plots within urban Kano47. The proposed

plots development would come up in phases. Phase one of the project

covers an area stretching from Zaria road roundabout to Bechi rail line;

while phase two spans an area from Bechi to Gwarzo Road. The phase three

would extend from Gwarzo road to Dawanau market.

Figure 6 Land Development design at Kofar Naisa

Kano Urban Water Projects

One of the major achievements of the Shekarau administration is its effort

in developing the water policy. Without this policy the state would

continue to grope on uncertain direction in its efforts towards achieving

sustainable water supply and management in the state. The state water policy

was developed through collaboration with international development

partners and it would finally lead to the emergence of the water bill to be

enacted by the State House of Assembly.

of 144

For many years urban Kano suffers from lack of coordinated and

comprehensive urban water development programme to match the

accelerated rate of urban growth. Previous administration had put much

effort in the repairs of the aged urban water infrastructure. As a result, the

Shekarau administration initiated the largest and most ambitious urban

water supply project in the recent history of Nigeria. Since, water is key

ingredient for social and industrial development; the government felt the

need for a broad based approach to mitigate the biting challenges of water

scarcity. As the water policy of the state is geared towards provision of water

to urban, semi-urban and rural areas; the outstanding projects in the water

sector include:

Construction of 150 million litres per day water treatment plant at

Tamburawa. Its construction started in 2005 and completed in 2008.

Rehabilitation works at Challawa Water Complex between 2007 -

2009 which includes replacement/repairs of high lift pumps, raw

water pumps, and generators.

Construction of 75mld Water Treatment Plant at Watari (Bagwai

Local Government) excess water from this plant would also be

utilised in parts of the greater Kano.

Interventions in Transport and Aviation Sectors

Accessibility is premier factor for investment opportunities. Based on that

understanding, the Shekarau administration made spirited efforts in that

direction. The Kano State Transport Authority was given a facelift through

new face of support it enjoys from the government. Kano Line acquired

1500 tricycles for intra-urban transport as well as brand new buses for

intestate transport scheme.

The State government in conjunction with the Nigerian Railways

Corporation introduced Kano-Challawa intercity railway services. In the

same vein, the Kano State Government under the stewardship of Mallam

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Shekarau has spent huge sums of money to rehabilitate the departure hall of

the Aminu Kano International Airport and the Airport’s streetlights. Mallam

Aminu Kano International Airport is served by several international flights

operated by Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM), Egypt Air, Middle East Airline,

Saudi Arabian Airlines and Kabo Air which linked Kano to Europe, Middle

East and Asian cites. For the domestic flights Kano is linked to Lagos and

Abuja through Dana Air, IRS, Bellview, and Arik. The state government is

also making efforts to entice more foreign airlines to extend their flights into

the booming market in Kano.

Other Infrastructures and Environmental Services

Cities need other complemetary infrastrictures and environmental services in

order to make them safe, beautiful and sustainable. Green infratructure is

one of the most neglected essential urban infrastructures in Kano city. The

adminstration has designed a green zone area along BUK Road. This long

green infrastructure would serve many purposes. It is also a major

innovation after the city has lost its many green sites to urban growth. Apart

from the aesthetics, it woud help in shielding the Kano walls from total

extinction. The green zone involves construction of a fence arond the

ancient city wall. The administration has also rehabilitated many of the city

green parks and converting them into funtional facilities by leasing some of

them to the private sector.

International Conference Centre

Cities need conference centres to absorb the growing needs for meetings on

various local, national, regional and growing global interests. Government,

private agencies, civil society groups compete for limited and expensive

venues at hotel banquet halls in the city or at the Murtala Muhammad

Library. Kano city lacks a standard conference. On the basis of that

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understanding the Shekarau administration embarked on construction of an

international conference centre at Audu Bako Secretariat. The centre would

increase the profile of Kano in hosting national and international events.

Roads Infrastructure

Roads constructions in urban Kano were accompanied by international

standard road infrastructure. New roads design in most cases reflects the

international best practices. Bus stops were designed along the new roads,

street lights, traffic lights and road signs. Solar powered LEDs were installed

at many road junctions as stop signs, while on some other roads permanent

stop lines were drawn. Road detours in the city were renovated to manage

the perennial floods all around them.

Urban Ecological Responses

Throughout the lifetime of the Shekarau administration vigorous efforts

were made towards managing the perennial environmental problems around

the city. The efforts range from solid waste management, erosion control

and drainage clearance. The state has also made efforts to control erosion at

Rimin Kebe and Sharada areas.

Another critical and perennial hazard plaguing urban Kano is the seasonal

flash floods. The flash floods devastate homes, roads, graveyards and

infrastructure. As no permanent solution can be applied to this the

government chases the challenge through dredging of urban water ways,

construction of new drainages and flood control measures. Table 12 outlines

some of these projects carried out from 2003 onwards.

of 144

Table 12: Some Urban Environmental Interventions

S/NO PROJECT YEAR EXECUTED

LOCATION COST CONTRACTOR

1. Drainage construction at Kurna Asabe Grave Yard

2003 Kurna, Dala Local Government

N950,000.00

2. Drainage construction at K/Ruwa Grave Yard

2003 Dala Local Government N2,146,557.00 Al-Quba’a Nig Ltd

3. Drainage construction at Kurna –

Gobirawa

2003 Dala/Fagge Local Government N3,891,520.00 A4 Nig. Ltd

4. Erosion control: Drainage construction at

Bulbula Rimin Kebe

2003 Nassarawa Local Government N3,733,371.00 Alhaji Garba

Dumbulun 5. Erosion control: Drainage construction at

Getsi River

2003 Nassarawa Local Government N7,286,469.75 Alh. Aminu Bako

Mai-Bulo

6. Sport filling at Block 5 Audu Bako Secretariat Ministry’s Block

2003 Nassarawa Local Government N393,393.00 Direct Labour

7. Drainage construction at Kurna Asabe Grave Yard

2004 Dala Local Government N950,000.00 Alh. Aminu Bako Mai-Bulo

8. Drainage construction at Kofar Ruwa Grave Yard

2004 Dala Local Government N2,146,551.00 Alh. Aminu Bako Mai-Bulo

9. Drainage construction form Sharifai –

Zage

2004 KMC Local Government N1,871,606.00 Alh. Rabi’u

Abdulhamid 10. Renovation and funishing of REMASAB

office

2004 Nassarawa Local Government N15,000,000.00 Falake printing &

Gen. Contractors 11. Line Drainage and wall fencing at Kano

State staff pension Board

2004 KMC Local Government N1,525,777.00 Al-Quba’a

Enterprises

12. Extension of Sharifa/Zage Drainage 2004 KMC Local Government N360,120.00 Direct Labour

13. Drainage construction at Bichi town

Phase I

2004 Bichi Local Government N9,235,091.26 Nasiru Abdullahi

Bichi 14. Drainage construction at Bichi town

Phase II

2004 Bichi Local Government N9,087,828.26 Nasiru Abdullahi

Bichi

of 144

15. Drainage construction at Dalili Quarters in

Kura Town

2004 Kura Local Government N8,680,001.00 Alh. Ali Dan-Sabo

16. Construction of Drainage at Yammata 2005 Dala Local Government N8,947,100.00 Nasiru Usman Abdu

17. Drainage construction at Dawanau 2005 D/Tofa Local Government N8,947,180.00

18. Drainage works at Kwarin Gogau 2005 Fagge Local Government N9,669,615.00 Alh. Yusif Ilu

19. Drainage construction at Ja’oji Quarters 2005 Tarauni Local Government N5,915,300,71 Alh. Bello

Abdullahi

20. Drainage and Bridge construction at Bulbula ward

2005 Nassarawa Local Government N26,862,067.65 Tech & Nig Ltd

21. Construction of Drainage, laterite filling and wall fencing at Kawaji, Yan’Kaba, Kofar Ruwa, Tarauni, Kofar Na’isa, Sheka, Kwana Hudu, Walallabe and Gwale

2005 Var. Locations N43,000,000.00 Alh. Sagir Ahmed

22. Drainage construction for control of storm water of Dambatta town, Unguwa

Uku and Sharada

2005 3 Local Government N19,903,630.86

23. Erosion control at Bulbula ward 2006 Nassarawa Local Government N16,627,118.37 Xotech Nig. Ltd

24. Erosion control at Tudun Murtala 2006 - do - N36,150,022.79 Deckon Nig. Ltd

25. Drainage construction at Unguwa Uku 2006 Tarauni Local Government N9,786,711.25 Pro-Gumic Nig. Ltd

26. Erosion control at Rimin Kebe 2006 Nassarawa Local Government N40,971,618.82 Messrs Bahum

Gen. Ent. 27. Drainage construction at Dambatta town 2006 Dambatta Local Government N9,838,950.00 Alh. Umar Sa’ad

Dambatta 28. Drainage construction at Darma Quarters 2006 KMC Local Government N6,983,234.00 Sa’ami Nig. Ltd

29. Drainage construction at Kofar Mazugal 2006 Dala Local Government N9,400,000.00 Messrs Beverly

Internal Nig. Ltd 30. Drainage construction at Gwarzo town 2006 Gwarzo Local Government N9,143,383.48 Alh. Tijjani Ilu

31. Drainage construction at Kabara Quarters 2006 Gwale Local Government N6,149,583.00 Messrs Abdullahi

Lawan Kurawa 32. Drainage construction at Sharada Gidan Gini 2006 Gwale Local Government N16,377,927.56 Messrs Sahmed

of 144

Consult Ltd

33. Jakara Mini-Bridge extension 2006 KMC Local Government N19,983,335.00 Tech & Eng Com

Ltd 34. Flood control at Kwachiri 2006 Dala Local Government N9,313,571,50 T.K.M Investment

Ltd

35. Drainage construction at Sharada

speaker’s House

2006 Gwale Local Government N2,065,153.13 Messrs Kamshat

Int. 36. Earth filling and drainage construction at

Saunar Kawaji

2006 Nassarara Local Government N23,043,351.50 Tripple Ventures

Nig. Ltd

37. Drainage construction at Dawanau 2006 D/Tofa Local Government N9,374,707.66 Alh. Tijjani Ilu

38. Drainage works at T/wuzurchi 2006 KMC Local Government N8,905,902.50 Yazad ind. & Dev. Com. Ltd

39. Earth filling and drainage construction at

Saunar Kawaji Phase II

2006 Nassarara Local Government N37,990,015.00

40. Bridge construction and retain walls at

Air force Base

2007 Nassarara Local Government N95,138,253.78 Naifah Nig. Ltd

41. Erosion control at Tukuntawa Gidan Maza

Juma’at Mosque

2006 Kumbotso Local Government N22,045,205.58 Novaga Tra. Com.

Ltd

42. Drainage and culvert construction at Dandishe

2006 Dala Local Government N9,806,306.00

43. Rehabilitation of sewage treatment plant at Airport Road

2006 Nassarara Local Government N19,926,330.00 Messrs Tech & Eng Com Ltd

44. Jakara Kasuwar Kurmi drainage construction

2006 KMC/Dala Local Government N40,795,996.08 Messrs Bahum Gen. Ent.

45. Erosion control at Badawa Gwado-Gwado

pond

2006 Nassarara Local Government N9,695,496.26

46. Renovation works at the office of Hon.

Commissioner

2006 KMC Local Government N5,475,449.00 Direct Labour

47. Construction of drainage and cover slabs

Layin Dan’Rimi Kwachiri

2007 Fagge Local Government N8,066,250.70 T.K.M. Investment

48. Construction of drainage culverts and cover slabs Kwachiri Yan Reke

2007 Fagge Local Government N8,915,810.90 T.K.M. Investment Ltd

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49. Construction of drainage culverts and cover slabs Kwachiri Layi Alh. Sa’idu Mai Rake

2007 Fagge Local Government N8,915,810.90 Messrs T.K.M

50. Construction of drainage culverts and

cover slabs Layin Madara R/Lemo

2007 Fagge Local Government N9,852,105.42 Messrs T.K.M

51. Drainage construction, cover slabs and culvert at Layin Moji

2007 Fagge Local Government N7,745,359.00 Messrs T.K.M Nig. Ltd

52. Drainage construction and mini bridge at Kurna Asabe

2007 Fagge Local Government N163,369,585.34 Messrs Kimpex Eng & Const. Co. Ltd

53. Drainage construction, culvert and cover slabs at Layin Gyadi-Gyadi

2007 Tarauni Local Government N8,066,250.70 Messrs S.K.B Ent.

54. Construction of drainage at Yam’mata

Bakin Titi

2007 Fagge Local Government N9,424,752.25 Messrs T.K.M Ent.

55. Construction of drainage at Ja’en 2007 Gwale Local Government N9,767,535.16 Amal Buss.

Services 56. Flood control drainage at Sani Mainagge 2007 Gwale Local Government N8,033,619.20 Messrs Dadago

Int. Co.

57. Drainage and cover slab at Unguwa Uku 2007 Tarauni Local Government N3,978,727.04 Hiasons Ltd Nig

58. Drainage walls on Jakara river 2007 Dala Local Government N9,319,768.48 Alh. Yusuf Ilu

59. Renovation and construction of drainage

at Yahaya Gusau S Gadon Kaya Road

2007 Gwale Local Government N8,923,639.35 Sulaiman Ibrahim

60. Construction of drainage at Yammata Gabas 2007 Fagge Local Government N7,893,718.65 Messrs S.K.B Ent.

61. Consultancy services on Jakara Channelization

2007 KMC N3,949,253.32 Messrs Muhammad and Associate Int.

Ltd

62. Drainage and mini bridge construction at Kurnar Asabe

2007 Fagge Local Government N163,369,585.54 Messrs Kimpex Eng. & const. Co.

Ltd 63. Consultancy services on Kurnar Asabe 2007 Dala Local Government N9,836,641.36 Y.T Tech.

Engineering Co. Ltd

64. Drainage construction at Garangamawa 2007 Municipal Local Government 15,324,685.54 Sulaiman Ibrahim

of 144

65. Re-construction of collapsed bridge at

Airport Road

2007 Nassarawa Local Government N456,846,271.76 SKY Tech &

construction Co.

Ltd 66. Construction of drainage at Rijiyar Zaki 2007 Ungogo Local Government N9,808,036.84 Omni Nig. Ltd

67. Provision of slabs to the drainage at Faru

B street

2007 Tarauni Local Government N3,987,727.04

68. Construction of drainage and culvert behind Gidan Makama by Kwalli Police

Station

2007 Municipal Local Government N5,811,591.30 Alh. Yusuf Ilu

69. Construction of drainage at Sagagi/Local Makera

2007 Gwale Local Government N8,387,099.14 Messrs Yusuf Ilu

70. Construction of Drainage /cover slabs at Shartfadi, Sheshe, Lokon Ado Mai Bargo

2007 KMC N8,387,099.14 -

71. Construction of drainage with slabs at

Gyadi-Gyadi Quarters

2007 Tarauni Local Government N2,531,135.45 -

S/N

O

PROJECT YR EXECUTED


1. Ersion control at Fagge / Kofar Mazugal

Bridge

2007 Fagge / Dala Local

Government

N28,986,956.86 Sanyak Nig. Ltd

2a.

2b.

Construction of Erosion Control channels between T/Murtala and Rimin Kebe

Bridges

Construction of adjoining spur drainage

around T/murtala and Rimin Kebe Channels

2007

2007

Nassarawa Local Government

Nassarawa Local Government

N117,016,275.47

N19,262,404.17

Deckon Nig. Ltd

3. Construction of chain Drainages for control of Erosion at Gobirawa Quarters

2007 Dala Local Government N38,899,493.43 KSY Int. Ltd

4. Gully Erosion control works at saunar

Kawaji (iii)

2007 Nassarawa Local Government N39,295,277.28 World wide Ltd.

of 144

5. Gully Erosion control works at Bulbula (iii) 2007 Nassarawa Local Government N22,141,792.60 El-Nafad

6. Gully Erosion control works at saunar Kawaji (iv)

2007 Nassarawa Local Government N14,734,980.21 Mark Bella Int.

7. Erosion control works at Kofar Ruwa 2007 Dala Local Government N25,701,744.04 Alasan Ahmed &

Sons

8. Rehabilitation of Eroded at Fagge /

Katsina Road Bridge

2007 Fagge Local Government N32,459,383.92 Performance

9. Flood Control Drainage at Bulbula Rimin Kebe

2007 Nassarawa Local Government N84,720,718.55 Dangado

1. Tudun Wada Graveyard rehabilitation 2006 Nassarawa Local Government N6,759,303.17

2. Erosion control at Kalebawa Graveyard 2006 D/Tofa Local Government N3,638,821.35 Mitek Tech.

Services Nig Ltd

3. Bulukiya Graveyard erosion control 2006 Dala Local Government N3,412,307.00

4. Erosion control at Unguwa Uku

Graveyard

2006 Tarauni Local Government N4,315,056.90 Messrs Badarin

Ventures

5. Rehabilitation of Kofar Ruwa Graveyard 2006 Dala Local Government N2,146,551.00

6. Yan’Kaba Graveyard rehabilitation 2006 Nassarawa Local Government N4,575,038.60

7. Rehabilitation of Bichi Graveyard 2006 Bichi Local Government N6,949,336.79 Messrs Yazad Ind.

Dev. Co. Ltd

8. Kwachiri Graveyard rehabilitation 2006 Fagge Local Government N8,115,781,85

9. Wall fencing at Rijiyar Lemo Graveyard 2006 Fagge Local Government N9,132,115.50

10. Wall fencing at Yammata Graveyard 2006 Ungogo Local Government N4,457,496.75

11. Rehabilitation and wall fencing at Kofar

Na’isa Graveyard

2005 Gwale Local Government N4,780,971.00 Messrs Abdulhadi

Lawan

of 144

12. Sharada Graveyard construction 2005 Gwale Local Government N6,326,534.00 Kano Industrial

Stone

13. Rehabilitation of Gwale Graveyard 2005 Gwale Local Government N5,106,673.50 Barden Falaki

14. Stone pitching, lined drainage and culvert

construction at Walallabe Graveyard

2005 Nassarawa Local Government N3,736,089.00 Crestal form Nig.

Ltd

15. Sherka Graveyard 2006 Kumbotso Local Government N4,765,530.00 Mahanaj Nig. Ltd

16. Rehabilitation of Sani Mainagge Graveyard

2006 Gwale Local Government N3,052,076.05 Abdulhadi Lawan

S/

NO

PROJECT YR

EXECUTED


1. Jakara river-(Aisami-Gogau). 550meters 2003 KMC Local Government - Petty Contractor

2. Bata – Triumph Company 2,200 meters 2003 Nassarawa Local Government - - do -

3. Tarauni pond – Kawo bus stop 1,500

meters

2003 Tarauni Local Government - - do -

4. Barde road – Club road – Post Office 1,500 meters

2003 Nassarawa Local Government - - do -

5. Kofar Nassarawa – Gidan Shattima 4,400

meters. (both side)

2003 KMC Local Government - - do -

6. Tal’udu – Kwarin Gogau 3,500 meters 2003 KMC/Fagge Local Government - - do -

7. Soron Dinki – Jakara 1,770 meters 2003 KMC Local Government - - do -

8. Kurmi market – K/wambai 1,200 meters 2003 Dala Local Government - - do -

9. Kwalli – Sagagi – B.U.K road 2004 KMC Local Government - Petty Contractor

of 144

10. Hanga – Zage – Kofar Wambai – Jakara

drainage 18,000 meters

2004 KMC Local Government Petty Contractor

11. Ibrhim Taiwo road junction – Plaza Cinema drainage 1,500 meters

2004 Fagge Local Government Petty Contractor

12. Kududdufawa – Sabon Sara – Tudun

Nufawa drainage 2,000 meters

2004 Dala Local Government - do -

13. Masallachin Jalli – Rimi market – Kofar

Mata 1,500 meters

2004 KMC Local Government -

Total Amount =

N4,562,250.00

14. Repair of Departmental Utility vehicle FG

124Q43

2004 N324,000.00 -

15. Adakawa – Bakiin Zuwa 2005

16. Ibrahim Taiwo Road 2005

17. Durimin – Zungura – Rimi market 2005

18. Gidan Shattima – Jakara 2005

19. Baba Kusa road 2005

20. Ado Bayero road – Murtala Mohd. Way 2005

21. Adakawa – Daurawa 2005

22. Daurawa – Koki 2005

23. Sharifai – Kofar Wambai 2005

24. Makwarari – Sharifai 2005

of 144

25. Kurawa – Sarkin Ladanai 2005

26. Kurmawa – Yola 2005 KMC Local Government Petty Contractor

27. Yan’Muruchi – Jakara 2005 Dala Local Government -

28. Maiduguri road 2005 Tarauni Local Government -

29. Zaria road 2005 Tarauni Local Government -

30. City Centre road 2005 Tarauni Local Government -

32. Provision od drying bays, sludge and

purchase of 6 No pick-up vans for night

soil disposal

2005 N6,600,000.00 Messrs

Dan’madumi and

Sons 33. Two (2) additional night disposal sites:-

Larabar Abasawa and Zaurar Dan Baba

2005 Nassarawa Local Government Messrs Bahum

Gen. Ent.

34. Gidan Shattima – Makwarari – Jakara (700m)

2006 KMC Local Government N367,500.00 Muhammad Abubakar

35. Emir’s Palace’s way – Makwarari – Jakara

(800m)

2006 KMC Local Government N420,000.00 Jibril Sani

36. Emir’s Palace’s way – Gidan Shattima – Makwarari (488m)

2006 KMC Local Government N256,200.00 Ahmad Wada

37. Hanga – Zage - Kofar Wambai (400m) 2006 KMC Local Government N210,000.00 Mustapha Sulaiman

38. Hanga – Zage - Kofar Wambai (300m) 2006 KMC Local Government N157,500.00 Ibrahim Yahaya

39. Hanga – Zage - Kofar Wambai (300m) 2006 KMC Local Government N157,500.00 Tijjani Sule

40. Zage - Kofar Wambai (500m) 2006 KMC Local Government N172,200.00 Hafsat Iliyasu

of 144

41. Zage - Kofar Wambai (328m) 2006 KMC Local Government Nasir Sani Hanga

42. Gwammaja Junction – Kofar Ruwa i) 1656m

ii) 458m

2006 Dala Local Government N951,720.00 Ibrahim Musa

43. Kwanar Dala – Kofar Mazugal (834m) 2006 Dala Local Government N262,710.00 Qosmos

Association Nig.

Ltd 44. Kwanar Dala – Kofar Mazugal (662m) 2006 Dala Local Government N210,105.00 Tijjani Yusuf

45. Kwanar Dala – Kofar Mazugal (500m) 2006 Dala Local Government N157,500.00 Umar Isah

46. Kwalli – Sagagi – BUK road (176m) Bata – Fagge R/about (2204m)

Jakara – Ikeja Bridge (754)

2006 KMC Local Government Fagge Local Government

Dala/Fagge Local Government

N882,000.00 N1,542,800.00

N377,000.00

N2,941,890.00

Mitek Technical Services Nig. Ltd

47. Dala – Kofar K/mazugal (838m) 2006 Dala Local Government N263,970.00 Sani Sarari

48. K/Dala – Kofar K/mazugal (838m) Shekara – Rimi junction and Murtala

Mohd (1364m)

2006 2006

Dala Local Government KMC Local Government

N126,000.00

Alh. Abdulrazak

49. Shekara – Rimi junction – MMSH (312m) 2006 KMC Local Government N227,640.00 Alh. Abdu Sara

50. Shekara – Rimi junction (271) 2006 KMC Local Government N227,640.00 Alh. Hamza Gwadabe

51. Shekara – Rimi junction (150) 2006 KMC Local Government N126,000.00 A. Auwalu Dukawa

52. Shekara – Rimi junction (312) 2006 KMC Local Government N262,080.00 Abdulrahaman

Abdulhamid

53. Shekara – Rimi junction (260) 2006 KMC Local Government N218,400.00 Alh. Danladi Nasidi

54. Shekara Road (271) 2006 KMC Local Government N227,640.00 Alh. Garba Sabo

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55. i) Jakara stream drainage

clearance (2,814)

ii) Hiring of plant for four (4days)

iii) Fueling of plant iv) Transportation of the plant

(Excavator)

2006

Dala Local Government

-

- -

N3,200,000.00

N350,000.00

N60,000.00 N40,000.00

Direct Labour

56. Kwarin Gogau stream (2,352m) 2006 Fagge Local Government

N2,800,000.00 “

57. Masallacihin Jalli Yakasai – Fanfon Yan’wanki Rimi

2006 KMC Local Government N670,000.00 “

58. Yalwa – Kulkul – Manladan – Jakara

(2,700m)

2006 Dala Local Government

N900,000.00 Direct Labour

61. Fagge Juma’at Mosque 2006 Fagge Local Government

N3,809,137.77 Nasiru Sani

62. Kurmawa Emir’s palace 2006 KMC Local Government N3,809,137.77 Badaru Ungogo

63. Gadon Kaya 2006 Gwale Local Government N3,809,137.77 Alh. Tijjani Yusuf

64. Eid – El Prayer Ground 2006 KMC Local Government N3,809,137.77 Rabi’u Yayo

65. Yan’katako Na’ibawa 2006 Tarauni Local Government N3,809,137.77 Alh. Yusuf Ilu

66. Kofar Mazugal Market 2006 Dala Local Government N3,809,137.77 Ahmadu Tadada

67. Tashar Madobi Sabon titi 2006 Kumbotso Local Government N3,809,137.77 Al-kwatah Nig. Ltd

68. Yan’katako Rijiyar Lemo 2006 Fagge Local Government N3,809,137.77

69. Kundila motor park 2006 Tarauni Local Government N3,809,137.77 Assail Invest. Com.

of 144

70. Nassarawa Hospital park 2006 Nassarawa Local Government N1,269,712.59 Fatahi Nig. Ltd

71. Unguwa-uku motor park 2006 Tarauni Local Government N1,269,712.59

of 144

Solid Waste Management

The Shekarau administration has also made one of the remarkable

interventions in the sector of solid waste management. Since its inception

in 2003, the government has secured about 100 brand new trucks and

loaders for its newly established Refuse Management and Sanitation

Board (REMASAB). The board has employed 3,000 casual workers as

street cleaners, or supporting staff. This intervention could be compared

with that of the previous administration which employed only 200 cleaners

and purchased two loaders and motorised sweepers respectively.

The Shekarau administration has greatly complemented the efforts of the

Federal Government through its urban electrification projects. The

project comes in form of assistance rendered to several urban communities.

The assistance comes in form of supply of transformers, cables, poles and

general maintenance. Tables 13 to 15 below show some of the projects

executed by the Rural Electricity Board and its mother ministry, the State

Ministry of Rural and Community Development.

of 144

Table 13 Urban Electrification projects

S/NO

.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT/PROGRAM LOCATION CONTRACT SUM

N : K

CONTRACTOR REMARKS

1. ADAKAWA PRI. SCH. DALA 6,000,000. 00 DIGIBITS CONTROLS COMPLETED

2. SHEKA MARKET KUMBOTSO 4,500,000. 00 AL-AD VENT. COMPLETED

3. KAURA GOJE NASSARAWA 4,600,000. 00 AL0AD VENT. COMPLETED

4. SHARADA (FEGI) MUNICIPAL 4,500,000. 00 CLAY – GATE COMPLETED

5. DANDALI (FAGGE) FAGGE 4,500,000. 00 CLAY – GATE COMPLETED

6. MARADUN (HOTORO) TARAUNI 4,500,002. 00 MUHARRAM VENT. LTD. COMPLETED

7. GABARI QTRS MUNICIPAL 5,226,574. 00 ASHAN NIG. LTD. Completed

8. ZANGO QTRS MUNICIPAL 5,772,166. 00 DIGIBITS CONTROLS COMPLETED

9. KUWAIT NASSARAWA 7,643,328. 00 MASO TECH. SERVICES

LTD.

COMPLETED

of 144


Project Location Cost Contractor Status

DAURAWA QTRS. TARAUNI 3,142,741. 00 COMPLETED

GADON KAYA GWALE 5,059,267.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

TEACHERS SERVICE BOARD MUNICIPAL 3,207,542.00 DIGIBITS

CONTROLS

COMPLETED

KWACHIRIN JOBE FAGGE 8,096,148.00 AL-AD VENT. LTD. COMPLETED

UNGUWAR DABAI GWALE 2,512,834.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

SALANTA GWALE 1,741,155.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

CHIRANCHI QTRS. KUMBOTSO 1,454,833.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

AISAMI (PROVN. OF 500KVA, 11/0.415KV RELIEF XFORMER) GWALE 5,000,415.00 CLAY – GATE

COMPLETED

TUDUN BOJUWA (PROVN. OF 500KVA, 11/0.415KV RELIEF XFORMER)

DALA 1,903,125.00 ASHAN NIG. LTD.

COMPLETED

DORAYI KARAMA (NEAR EMIRS PLACE DORAYI) GWALE

72,631,929.00

DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

U/UKU (NEAR VETENARY) TARAUNI DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

GIGINYU QTRS (ASMA’U YAKUBU STREET) NASSARAWA DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

UNG. DANMARADI (DANZAGO) DALA DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

BACHIRAWAR TUKWANE UNGOGO DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

RUMFA COLLEGE MUNICIPAL DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED UNGUWAR GETSI QTRS. NASSARAWA DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED NA’IBAWA (‘YANKATAKO) TARAUNI DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED HOTORO DAN MARKE TARAUNI DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED CHIRANCHI QTRS (NEAR CHIROMAN KANO RESIDENCE) GWALE DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

SUPPLY OF 5NO. XFORMERS TO VILLAGES/WARDS IN FAGGE FAGGE 9,515,625.00 DIGIBITS

CONTROLS

COMPLETED

MADIGAWA DALA 4,165,046.00 MARCX&CONST. COMPLETED TSAMIYAR ZUBAU DALA 5,816,392.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED SHEKA RIJIYA KUMBOTSO 2,955,544.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED

of 144

DUHUWA CIHIRANCHI KUMBOTSO 3,621,725.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED SORON DINKI MUNICIPAL

6,097,639.00

ALASAN AHMED COMPLETED KURAWA MUNICIPAL “ COMPLETED FAKON DORAYI GWALE 3,242,175.00 DIRECT LABOUR COMPLETED JA’EN MAKERA GWALE 12,665,363.00 DIGIBITS

CONTROLS

COMPLETED

NA’IBAWA YANKIFI KUMBOTSO 13,354,803.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

SABON GARI WEST FAGGE

11,430,740.00

AL – AD VENT COMPLETED

FAGGE B FAGGE AL – AD VENT COMPLETED

S/GARI EAST (500KVA TRF ONLY) FAGGE AL – AD VENT COMPLETED

TUDUN FULANI (YANKIFI) UNGOGO 12,074,813.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

RIMIN GATA UNGOGO 7,000,000.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

HAUSAWA OFISHIN WAKILI GWALE 6,533,351.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

WAILARI KUMBOTSO 6,435,154.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

KABUGA JANBULO GWALE 2,539,271.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

SABUWAR MADINAWA GWALE 12,000,000.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

ZANGON BARE-BARI MUNICIPAL 2,000,000.00 COMPLETED

SHAHUCHI /RIMIN KIRA MUNICIPAL 7,957,734.00 COMPLETED

GORON DUTSE 500KVA, 11 KV RELIEF DALA 4,500,000.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

CHIRANCHI GABAS GWALE 6,000,000.00 COMPLETED

CONNECTION OF MURTALA MOHD. SPECIALIST HOSPITAL TO

33KV LINE

M.O.H. 10,888,135.00 COMPLETED

FAGGE (A) FAGGE 2,396,100.00 ALHAJ BALA &

SONS LTD.

COMPLETED

FAGGE (C) FAGGE 4,744,949.00 ABDULLAHI MAINA COMPLETED

FAGGE (DI) FAGGE 4,614,381.00 SAHABI ELECT. & MECH. LT

COMPLETED

FAGGE (DII) FAGGE 4,528,839.00 KARSA CONST. CO.

LTD.

COMPLETED

KWACHIRI FAGGE 3,248,051.00 HAMISU ALI & GEN. ENTP.

COMPLETED

of 144

RIJIYAR LEMO FAGGE 3,058,595.00 POLY

DIMENSIONAL

LTD.

COMPLETED

HAJJ CAMP. FAGGE 4,744,949.00 DIGIBITS

CONTROLS

COMPLETED

KWACHIRIN DAN RIMI (PHASE 1) FAGGE 564,036.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

TSAMIYAR MARIRI KUMBOTSO 3,249,286.00 NAGARTA COMPLETED

DANDINSHE DALA 10,549,242.00 AMINU ZUBAIRU COMPLETED

SARARI DALA 6,037,364.00 CLAY – GATE ENG. COMPLETED

AYAGI ‘YANBALANGU DALA 7,122,028.00 “ COMPLETED

TARAUNI TARAUNI 4,292,070.00 ALH. BABA AHMED COMPLETED

HAUSAWA TARAUNI 4,097,786.00 HAMISU BUHARI COMPLETED

GYADI GYADI TARAUNI 4,292,070.00 BINTASH NIG. LTD. COMPLETED

UNGUWA – UKU TARAUNI 4,218,154.00 ABBAS MAIKANO COMPLETED

PURCHASE OF 6N0 500KVA, 11/0.415KV XFORMERS FOR (i)

T/MURTALA, (ii) GWAGWARWA, (iii) DAKATA, (iv) HOTORON KUDU, (iv) HOTORON KUDU,

(iv) HOTORON KUDU, (vi) TOKARAWA

NASSARAWA 12,332,250.00 FADIMATAN VENT. COMPLETED

KAOWN KUDU & SULAIMAN CRESENT NASSARAWA 1,000,000.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

PURCHASE OF 2N0 500KVA, 11/0.415KV TRANSFORMERS FOR (i) YAHAYA GUSAU RD, (ii) DANGWALALO

GWALE 4,109,750.00 SAHEL TEK NIG. LTD.

COMPLETED

SORON DINKI L.T. MAINTENANCE PROJECT MUNICIPAL 2,067,118.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

HAUREN BALAGO RELIEF s/STATION MUNICIPAL 801,276.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

GARIN SHARADA 500KVA RELIEF TRANSF. S/STATN. MUNICIPAL 1,167,851.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

of 144


SUPPLY OF 12,700M OF 150MM2 AAC TO NEPA FOR USE AT

DORAYI

GWALE 4,927,600.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

F.C.E. KANOCONNECTION TO 33KV LINE GWALE 12,203,563.00 DIRECT COMPLETED

XFORMER AT JABA IN KWACHIRI 1,514,718.00 DIRECT

COMPLETION OF SHEKA RIJIYA QTRS KUMBOTSO 3,432,515.00

CPMPLETION OF MARIRI QTRS 4,829,449.00 MUHALI NASIHA

ELECT. OF SHAGARI QTRS 2,555,181.00 SAHABI ELECT. &

MECH.

ELECT OF SABUWAR GANDU (PH.1) 2,383,966.00 DIRECT

INSTAL. OF 500KVA XFORMER AT ‘YAR’AKWA 3,940,543.00

RE-ELECT. OF DANDINSHE & PROVISION OF 500KVA XFORMER DALA 10,688,097.00 AMINU ZUBAIRU

T/MURTALA RELIEF ELECT. PROJECT NASSARAWA 2,302,845.00 ABBAS MAIKANO

ELECT. OF TSIBIRI (PH.1) 3,000,000.00 DIRECT

SHARADA CIKIN GARI/GINDIN GARU MUNICIPAL 3,000,000.00 DIRECT

KABARA 5,555,758.00 DIRECT

JAKARA/SORON DINKI MAINTENANCE 4,720,631.00 DIRECT

KURAWA L.T MAINTENANCE WORK 2,027,427.00 DIRECT

Project Location Cost Contractor Status

RIMIN ZAKARA UNGOGO 8,808,156.00 DIGIBITS CONTROLS

LTD.

COMPLETED

PROVISION OF 500KVA TRANSFORMER AT MASALLACIN JALLI MUNICIPAL 6,342,742.00 ALH. SALLAU IBRAHIM COMPLETED

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4.4 HUMAN, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

PROGRAMMES

Having looked at the feats of the Shekarau Adminstration’s interventions on

urban development through its efforts on Shari'ah implemention, social

justice and urban infrastrutural development. We take on the last segment of

the adminstration’s multi-sectoral approach which is human, social and

economic development programmes that centre on urban Kano. It has been

said repeatedly that genuine urban development must embrace not only

physical development, but all sectors of human life must be considered

along the line. Only when this is done that urban developement would be

meaningful and people centred. In this section, we explore the programmes

and projectsof the Shekarau adminstration on women development, water

supply, ICT development, manpower development, healthcare delivery

sytem, security and safety etc. On that basis we take these issues based on

three categories, these are namely:

Urban Economic Development Interventions

Urban Social Development Interventions

Human Development Interventions

4.4.1 Urban Economic Development Interventions

Kano’s fame is connected with its trade and commercial activities and it this

position that carries it forward for centuries. Kano city is almost

synonymous with commerce and industry. The richest man in the colonial

Africa was Alhassan Dantata a Kano based bunessman and today his scion,

Aliko Dangote is also Africa’s richest man48. As such there is need to do

everything possible to enhance its business capacity and linkages with global

business opportunities. In the last seven years, Kano has witnessed vigorous

efforts towards realising the economic development opportunities of Kano

State. The most important factor for economic development of economic of

of 144

any society is the role of the government. The government is responsible for

creating the good climate for investors and their partners to thrive. The

Shekarau made giant strides in that direction through its various policy

programmes which include Kano- Economic Empowerment Development

Strategy (K-SEED) of 2004-2007; and Kano State Road Map for Economic

Development (KSRD) 2007-2011. The World Bank and DFID rated the

strategies developed by this administration as best in Nigeria. The

administration has also facilitated Kano Economic Summit that was well

attended by the Nigerian business and investment circle. The economic

development programmes of the Shekarau administration for Kano State

were undertaken mainly through the Public Private Partnerships (PPP).

The Shekarau administration is one of the pioneer states in Nigeria to

employ the tool of PPP in bringing local and international businesses close

to the people of the state. Some good examples of the PPP in Kano State

are some of the ongoing partnership projects which include:

Kanawa International Market,

Kano Fish market

Construction of Corporate Headquarters of Dala Building Society

State independent power project,

Inland Dryland project

Five Star Hotel

If we take the Kanawa International Market as an example it was

designed to serve as a modern international market that would replace the

congested, ‘analogue’ and obsolete markets of the urban Kano. Kano state

government sought for the partners and acquired the vast land needed for

this giant project. In the words of Mallam Ibrahim Shekarau, the Sardaunan

Kano, “it is essentially a one-stop business and leisure centre that stretches

across 350 hectares of land once it is completed. It will consist of 15’000

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retail outlets, a vast range of warehouses of different sizes and a 20-storey

twin tower World Trade Centre, parking space for thousands of cars and a

five star hotel with conference halls. It will also feature a diverse selection of

recreational activities such as cinemas, restaurants and a shopping mall, and

part of the development are also residential and industrial estates, as well as

mosques and pedestrian walkways.”49 This is the first attempt to reorient the

market of Kano in the big way since the last fifty years. In the same fashion,

the Shekarau administration initiated the 11 billion Naira Ado Bayero Ultra

Modern Shopping Mall50, this commercial and business platform is

expected to change the face of business in Kano. The State is also

developing new pavilion at the Kano Trade Fair Complex.

The administration created the first GSM Mobile Phone Market in Kano.

Until the establishment of this market, cellular phone traders were found at

the road side ‘illegal’ kiosks on the Post Office road. The new specailised

market is located at Kano farm centre. This is great accomplishment

accomplishment as the the list of markets in Kano is increased by this.

Another new entry to the list of Kano markets is the one iillion naira Kano

Fish Market, Kano fish market all over the years is located at Kofar

Nassarawa cooperatives, as events took over the place the fish market

suffers and it increasingly poses safety hazards to the people through fould

ordours. In the words of governor Shekarau, “The market, he said, will be in

tune with modernity as all facilities such as shops, cold rooms, a fish pond,

public conveniences and utilities, a bank, Police outpost, a restaurant,

parking lot, conference hall, a mosque and an administrative block will be

put in place.”51

The government has succeded in restoring the confidence of investors

throuh the policies it puts in place. Without such confidence local and

international investors would hardly hearken to any call to invest in the

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Kano urban landscapes. In order to promote smooth import/export

services in the city, the shekarau administration has allocated suitable land at

Zawaciki and the Ministry has reached a consensus with Inland Container

Terminal Ltd and Maerskline Nigeria LTD to partner in the establishment

of Dala Inland Dry Port. The government is expected to contribute 20%

of the total project cost.

Kano ICT Park

The place of the ICT in the modern and globalised business development

could not be overemphasised. As such the Shekarau administration created

an Office of the Special Adviser on Education and IT as well as new

Ministry of Science and Technology. But the most innovative stride is the

creation of the Kano ICT Park located at the three-pronged-ten storey

building, Ado Bayero House at Kofar Nassarawa. Intensive measures are

being made to secure investors for the sector and the efforts are yielding

positive results. When fully operational the Park could be an African Silicon

Valley.

4.4.2 Urban Social Development Interventions

Urban social interventions of the Shekarau administration are subdivided

into the following areas:

Healthcare development

Safety and security

Women and Youths Development

Healthcare Development

The Shekarau administration has boosted the healthcare system in the state

through innovative approaches. On the basis of understanding that the state

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of the healthcare system is far from being standard when it assumed office.

The interventions of the administration came through a number of ways.

Firstly, it opened windows for assisting poor people with critical ailments by

settling their bills at public hospitals. Secondly, it opened another window

for the poor people and low income earners to travel outside Nigeria for

advanced medical attention. The government paid travel and treatment fees

of many citizens that travel to Egypt and Saudi Arabia among others. The

third leg involves construction of brand new healthcare centres across the

city as well as rehabilitation of numerous healthcare centres across the state.

However, since the interest of this book is on the urban Kano, we limit the

scope to the selected area. Urban Kano has acquired new sets of

comprehensive and specialised hospitals. The new healthcare institutions are

listed below:

Abubakar Wali Ultra Modern Urology Centre

Ultra Modern Paediatric Hospital Zoo road

Ultra Modern General Hospital Giginyu

Medical Postgraduate School at Murtala Muhammad Hospital`

Centre for Disease control

Abubakar Wali Urology Centre is the first of its kind in Northern Nigeria,

and the Paediatric hospital is another timely intervention of the Shekarau

administration to tackle children killer diseases in the state. The

establishment of the postgraduate school is unparalleled innovation of the

administration in the history of healthcare system of the state. Previously,

many healthcare practitioners find it extremely difficult to advance their

studies easily. The effort of the state government in that direction would

help in boosting the moral of the healthcare staff and update their

knowledge.

Apart from these efforts, the administration has also undertaken serious and

sustained interventions through renovation of the existing healthcare

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facilities. Table 16 below shows such interventions which run through

renovations and supplies to various healthcare facilities within the urban

Kano. It is most interesting to add that all these intervention programmes

run-concurrently.

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Table 16 Healthcare Interventions in Urban Kano

S/N PROJECT YEAR

EXECUTED

LOCATION COST

(N)

CONTRACTOR REMARKS

1. RE-CABLING WORKS AT MURTALA MUHD

SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, Kano

2003 KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 4,650,000.00 LISS INDUSTRIAL

SERVICES

2. SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF 2NO. 500 KVA GENERATORS WITH AUTOMATIC SYNCHRONISED PANEL TO MURTALA MUHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, KANO

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 46,336,400.00 LISS INDUSTRIAL SERVICES

3. CONSTRUCTION OF 1NO. MOTORIZED B/HOLE

WITH 1NO. SURFACE & OVERHEAD TANK WITH

APPROPRIATE WATER RETICULATION AT MURTALA MOHD SPECIALSIT HOSPITAL

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 2,584,385.00 LISK NIG LTD

4. CONSTRUCTION OF 80 BEDS TWO STOREY

BUILDING AT MATERNITY UNIT OF MURTALA MOHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 21,012,717.06 DANYAKASAI INVT. COM. LTD

5. SUPPLY OF SPECIALISED HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT

AND CONSUMABLE AND REPAIRS OF MORTUARY

FACILITIES AT MURTALA MOHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 64,212,972.00 EQUIPREP S.A.

6. SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF DIGITAL

TELECOM AT MURTALA MOHD SPECT HOSPITAL 2003 KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 6,146,580.00 AROS& CO.

7. COMPLETION OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF A MOSQUE AND PROVISION OF CLASSROOM FURNITURE TO SCHOOL OF NURSING, KANO

” TARAUNI LGA 8,489,710.00 HALAMI NIG LTD

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8. REHABILITATION WORKS AT BURNT DOWN CLASSROOM BLOCKS OF SCHOOL OF NURSING, Kano

” TARAUNI LGA 9,873,165.00 AL-BAIT TURKEY PROJECT

9. PROVISION OF MEDICAL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND RELOCATION OF THE MAIN GATE AT SCH. OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, KANO.

” NASSARAWA LGA 6,591,446.00 SALEH ALIYU HADEJIA

10. RENOVATION WORKS AT SHARADA BHC AND SUPPY OF 2NO. GENERATOR SETS TO SHARADA AND MARMARA PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES.

” KANO

MUNICIPAL LGA 4,376,500.00 ELECTRO DATA

SYSTEM

11. REHABILITATION/CONVERSION WORK AT

MARMARA PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA

3,636,690.00 YAICO NIG LTD

12. SUPPLY OF FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT TO

HASIYA BAYERO PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL

” KANO

MUNICIPAL LGA

4,221,425.60 NA’IFAH LTD

13.

RENOVATION OF X-RAY & ORT UNIT, THEATRE

AND OPD BLOCK. AT HASIYA BAYERO

PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL

2004 KANO MUNICIPAL LGA

2,017,703.00 OMNI CONT. LTD

14. RENOVATION OF CHILDREN MEDICAL WARD A&B

(FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR) AT HASIYA BAYERO

PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL


2,805,264.00 USMAN GARBA & CO.

15. RENOVATION OF CHILDREN MEDICAL WARD C & PAEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT. COMPLETION OF

MOSQUE, AND CONSTRUCTION OF 4NO. COMPARTMENTS URINAL, AT HASIYA BAYERO

PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL


1,920,696.00

DANDALAMA INVESTMENT

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16. CONSTRUCTION OF PATIENT RELATION SHADE

WITH CONCRETE BENCHES AT HASIYA BAYERO

PAEDIATRIC HOSPITAL


1,198,780.00 UNIVERSAL VENTURES

17. RENOVATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK AT

HASIYA B. PAED. HOSPITAL ” KANO

MUNICIPAL LGA

2,692,110.00 OMNI CONT. LTD

24 REN. OF MATERNITY:

GROUND FLOOR

SECOND FLOOR

AT MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL.

” NASSARAWA LGA

5,338,465.65

11,229,977.22

16,568,442.87

OMNI CONT. LTD

25 RENOVATION OF MATERNITY: FIRST FLOOR AT

MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL ” NASSARAWA LGA 5,563,902.75 YAICO NIG. LTD

26 REHABILITATION OF X-RAY BLOCK, PAEDIATRIC, CONSULTING OFFICE, DENTAL, MEDICAL

LIBRARY, EXISTING CORRIDOR AND EXTENSION OF X-RAY BLOCK. AT MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE

SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 5,343,770.25 ALBASH TRADE

27 REHABILITATION OF EXISTING OVERHEAD TANK

AT MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE SPECIALIST

HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 777,000.00 NA’AGGO NIG LTD

28 RE-CABLING AND REHABILITATION OF CONTROL PANEL AND DISTRIBUTION BOARD ETC. AT MUHD

ABDULLAHI WASE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

2004 NASSARAWA LGA 1,568,658.00 SOLID WORKS

30 REPAIRS OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AT MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 1,295,000.00 LAWAN ABDULLAHI

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31 RENOVATION WORKS AT MALE HOSTEL OF

SCHOOL OF NURSING, Kano ” TARAUNI LGA 6,092,600.00 AL-BAIT NIG LTD

32 CONSTRUCTION OF GUTTER AT FEMALE HOSTEL OF SCHOOL OF NURSING, Kano

” TARAUNI LGA 2,429,745.15 HALAMI NIG LTD

33 SUPPLY OF CARPET TO THE NEW MOSQUE AT

SCHOOL OF NURSING, Kano ” TARAUNI LGA 576,800.00 HALAMI NIG. LTD

34 RENOVATION OF BLOCK 4NO. FLATS AT SIR MUHD SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 2,179,032.45 ALKAB NIG LTD

35 ADDITIONAL WORKS CAUSED BY WIND STORM

AT SIR MUHD SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL ” NASSARAWA LGA 873,850.00 GANO

ENTERPRISES

36 RENOVATION OF LAUNDRY AT SIR MUHD SUNUSI

GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 684,252.45 DANBALA HASSAN

37 CONSTRUCTION OF A MOSQUE SIZE 7MX4MX3M SIR MUHD SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 1,146,719.70 FATWA ENTERP.

38 CONSTRUCTION OF PARKING SHADE SIZE

21MX6M AT SIR M. SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 638,841.00 SULAIMAN A.

K/WAMBAI

39 RENOVATION OF WALL FENCE AND GUARD ROOM

AT SIR M. SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 1,055,239.50 LISS INDUSTRIAL

SERVICES

40 DRILLING OF 6” BORE-HOLES WITH REQUIRED

ACCESSORIES & WATER RATICULATIONS AT SIR

MUHD SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARWA LGA 1,086,755.00 AMUFIB SERVICES

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41 RENOVATION OF SECOND FLOOR (FEMALE &

PEAD. WARDS AND RAMP AREA) AT SIR MUHD

SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

2004 NASSARAWA LGA 4,444,604.85 SETO NIG LTD

42 RENOVATION OF FIRST FLOOR (ADMIN, X-RAY,

LAB. MALE SURGICAL AND MEDICAL WARDS AND

THEATRE) AT SIR MUHD SUNUSI GENERAL HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 8,248,322.25 DMZ GEN. ENT.

43 RENOVATION OF GROUND FLOOR (OPD,

ANTENATAL, PHARMACY, A&E AND KITCHEN BLOCKS) AT SIR MUHD SUNUSI GENERAL

HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 7,691,525.10 YAICO NIG LTD

46 SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT & INSTRUMENT FOR ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY SERVICES IN EIGHT

(8) HOSPITALS IN THE STATE.

” MURTALA, DANBATTA, T/WADA, WUDIL, BICHI,

KURA,GWZ, & GEZAWA

95,632,666.8 EQUIPREP S.A.

47. SUPPLY OF ITEMS FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF

STATE HEALTH MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (SHMIS).

” MOH –HQ 2,936,902.25 AMG WORLD WIDE LTD

48 RENOVATION OF MOH – HQ 2ND PHASE. ” MOH –HQ 9,882,878.25 UBSS GROUP LTD

49. CONSTRUCTION OF MATERNITY WARD (C3) AT

YAN’AWAKI PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE

” K/MUNICIPAL 9,071,798.40 ASBE INTERN.

50 WATER RETICULATION (NEW) REPAIR AND

PAINTING/BUTIMENOUS COATING TO SURFACE

AND OVERHEAD TANKS AT SCHOOL OF NURSING,

” TARAUNI LGA 3,467,213.75 LISK NIG LTD

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Kano

52 WALL FENCE EXTENSION AND CONSTRUCTION OF GUTTER AND NEW ROOFING TO 1NO. FEMALE

HOSTEL BLOCK AT SCHOOL OF NURSING, Kano

” TARAUNI LGA 3,762,007.20 SUNUSI SALISU

53 CONVERSION OF PRINCIPAL’S OFFICE,

IMPROVEMENT OF SECURITY LIGHTING, BUS REPAIRS AND OTHER WORKS AT SCH. OF

NURSING, Kano

” TARAUNI LGA 1,519,920.40 ABDUCO NIG. LTD

55 RENOVATION OF CONSULTATION ROOMS AND WAITING AREA OF THE OPD OF MUHD

ABDULLAHI WASE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 1,995,837.90 DANBALE NIG LTD

56. REPLACEMENT OF ASBESTOS ROOFING SHEET WITH ALL LONG SPAN ALLUMINUIM TO CONSUL.

ROOM, DIALYSIS DEPT. & WAINTING AREA OF MUHD A. WASE SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 915,014.94 UBA ABDULLAHI

SHEKA

57 SUPPLY AND FIXING OF 11 NO. 1.5 HP NATIONAL

PRAND ROOM UNIT AND VIN DUNLOP PVC

RUBBER TILES WITH ADHESION AT 1ST FLOOR MATERNITY BLOCK OF MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE

SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” NASSARAWA LGA 972,373.00 SADAMU CONST.

COMPANY

58. RENOVATION WORKS AT SCHOOL OF HYGIENE, Kano

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 6,141,033.00 BEVERLEY NIG LTD

59 REHABILITATION OF VVF THEATER AT MURTALA

MOHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, Kano

2005 KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 9,763,473.60 USMAN GARBA &

CO.

60. SUPPLY OF MEDICAL EQUIPMENT AND FURNITURE TO MURTALA M. S. HOSPITAL, KANO

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 39,386,844.29 MEDICO HEALTH LTD

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– MATERNITY UNIT

61. RENOVATION WORKS AT MUHAMMAD

ABDULLAHI WASE HOSPITAL, Kano 2005 NASSARAWA LGA 9,181,852.31 MIMARIA GLOBAL

COMPANY

62 IMPROVEMENT OF ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY UNIT OF MURTALA M. S. HOSPITAL, Kano

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 9,399,159.86 VICINANZA COMPANY

63. REHABILITATION OF A&E UNITS OF 7 GENERAL

HOSPITALS, THE CASUALITY, X-RAY ROOMS, WATER SUPPLY & PROVISIONS OF A/CS TO

MURTALA MOHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL, KANO.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 4,753,686.98 DAN’AGNDI GEN.

64. REHABILITATION OF THE LAUNDRY AND

KITCHEN EQUIPMENT AT SCHOOL OF NURSING, KANO AND THEIR TRANSFER TO MURTALA

MUHAMMAD SPECIALIST AND DAWANAU PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 4,427,689.20 LISK NIG LTD

67.

68.

69.

70

RENOVATION AND SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT/FURNITURE TO MARIYA SUNUSI DANTATA MATERNITY HOSPITAL:

RENOVATION WORKS

SUPPLY OF EQUIP/FURNITURE




” ” ” ” ”

UNGOGO LGA

N2,891,115 N3,389,750

N3,389,750

N6,094,750

N6,094,750

AL-ADID TECH.

YAICO NIG LTD

MULTIPLUS LTD

ASASCO NIG LTD

DANGI PHARM.

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71

75 IMPROVEMENT OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM AT

MURTALA MOHD SPEC. HOSPITAL, KANO

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 3,493,369.44 LISS INDUST.

SERVICES

76 RENOVATION OF STORE, CSSD, AND

LAUNDRY AT MURTALA M. S. HOSPITAL.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 7,875,657.79 RAULA D. GARBA

INVT. LTD

77

78

CONSTRUCTION OF A PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE AT TORAKAWA TOWN: PEADIATRIC & MALE WARDS (BLOCK C2) MATERNITY &FEMALE WARDS (BLOCK C3)

” “

NASSARAWA LGA

6,050,974.05 9,914,131.33

ASMAMFAI COM. UKJAF REAL EST.

81. IMPROVEMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY TO DAWANAU HOSPITAL (INSTALLATION OF 200 KVA TRANSFORMER WITH ACCESSORIES).

”

FAGGE LGA 1,804,928.58 ALAJ VENTURES

82. CONSTRUCTION OF C2 (MALE/PEADIATRIC WARD) AT YAN’AWAKI PHC. ” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 6,050,974.05 USMANCO

MULTIPLEX NIG LTD

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98. PURCHASE OF ULTRA MODERN X-RAY 3NOS

MACHINES FOR MURTALA MOHD SPEC.

HOSPITAL.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 84,695,800.00 EQUIPREP S.A.

99. CONSTRUCTION OF 1 STOREY BLOCK OF SIX FLATS OF 2 BEDROOM EACH AT MURTALA MOHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 41,082,421.18 ASAL MANG. CONSULTANTS

103 PURCHASE OF ADDITIONAL MACHINERY AND 2NO. UTILITY VEHICLES FOR THE DRUGS MANAGEMENT AGENCY (DMA).

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 19,984,588.00 M.I.P. NIG LTD

104 PURCHASE OF ASMA’U MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

” FAGGE LGA

266,997,500.00

105 PROCUREMENT OF EQUIPMENT (ASMA’U MEMORIAL HOSPITAL)

2005 FAGGE LGA

28,655,283.00 DIRECT PURCHASE

106 PROVISION OF NO. 100KVA GENERATOR SETS TO

5 HOSPITALS. ” SABO BAKIN- ZUWO, 23,614,203.00 SABRAH

ENTERPRISES.

110 REHABILITATION/REPLACEMENT OF SOME OF

THE OLD EQUIPMENT AT MATERNITY UNIT OF

MURTALA MOHD SPEC. HOSPITAL, Kano

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 2,826,800.00 GADAWUR COM. COMPANY

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111 CONSTRUCTION OF MATERNITY & FEMALE

WARDS AT KOKI QTRS IN KANO MUNICIPAL. ” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 9,914,131.33 SAK BROTHERS

114 CONSTRUCTION OF 1 STOREY BLOCK OF STUDENT HOSTEL AT SCHOOL OF HEALTH

TECHNOLOGY, Kano

” NASSARAWA LGA 21,153,763.69 ASAL MAN. CONSULTANTS

115 RENOVATION WORKS AT SABO GARBA CLINIC. ” FAGGE LGA 4,500,000.00 GOLD GATE NIG LTD

116 CONSTRUCTION OF OUT- PATIENT DEPARTMENT

(BHC/OPD) AT UNGUWAR GINI QTRS IN KANO

MUNICIPAL:

2005 KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 14,577,983.65 GERAWA B. CONST.

COMPANY

117 CONSTRUCTION OF OUT- PATIENT DEPARTMENT

(BHC/OPD) AT KOKI QTRS IN KANO MUNICIPAL:

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 14,577,983.65 ASHAM UNITED NIG.

LTD

118 PROVISION OF AMBULANCES TO ASMA’U

MEMORIAL ” ASMA’U MEMORIAL

HOSPITAL 39,900,000 PAKI

INTERNATONAL MOTORS LTD

119 CONSTRUCTION OF PEADIATRIC & MALE WARD AT KOKI QTRS IN KANO MUNICIPAL

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 6,050,974.05 AMFUCO VENTURES

122 GENERAL RENOVATION OF MATERNITY COMPLEX

AT MURTALA MOHD SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 17,231,904.68 MOHD LAMIDO

BROTHERS

123 CONSTRUCTION OF MATERNITY & FEMALE

WARD AT UNGUWAR GINI QTRS IN KANO

MUNICIPAL.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 9,914,131.33 LAMIRE NIG LTD

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124 CONSTRUCTION OF PEADIATRIC & MALE

WARD AT UNGUWAR GINI QTRS IN KANO

MUNICIPAL.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 6,050,974.05 ASBE INT. LTD

125 IMPROVEMENT AND RENOVATION OF

STRUCTURES AT SCH. OF NURSING (3NO. SSQ &

3NO. TWINS).

2005 TARAUNI LGA 5,500,000.00 GARBEL ENT.

126 PROVISION OF SENIOR S/QTRS 2 BLOCK

OF 6 FLATS AT WAZIRI SHEHU GIDADO

HOSPITAL.

” UNGOGO LGA 41,600,000.00 ASAL MANAG.

CONSULT.

129 CONSTRUCTION OF OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT (BHC/OPD) AT K/GOJE

” NASSARAWA LGA 14,577,983.65 TROPICAL BUILDERS NIG. LTD

130 CONSTRUCTION OF PEADIATRIC & MALE

WARD AT KAURA GOJE TOWN IN

NASSARAWA LGA

” NASSARAWA LGA

6,050,974.05 IBRAHIM NAYOLA

131 CONSTRUCTION OF MATERNITY & FEMALE WARD AT KAURA GOJE TOWN IN NASSARAWA LGA

” NASSARAWA LGA

9,914,131.33 INTERSONS CONST. COMPANY

133 GENERAL RENOVATION OF X-RAY DEPT. OF MMSH

2006 K/ MUNICIPAL LGA 6,049,182.28 GASH COM. NIG. LTD

134 SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT/FURNITURE TO LAJAWA

& YAN’AWAKI PHCS ” MUNICIPAL LGAs 12,102,888.00 SAHARA CHEMIST

NIG LTD

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135 SUPPLY OF FURNITURE TO THE NEW BLOCK OF 6

FLATS OF MURTALA MOHD AND WAZIRI SHEHU

GIDDADO HOSPITALS

” MMSH AND WAZIRI SHEHU GIDADO HOSPITALS

9,996,000.00 SARARI WOOD & STEEL COMPANY LTD

136 CONSTRUCTION OF STORM DAMAGED NORTH-

EAST WALL AND REPAIRS OF OTHER DEFECT

BOUNDRY WALLS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES HOSPITAL

” FAGGE LGA 5,230,207.19 HABIB BUILDING CONST. COMPANY

137 RENOVATION/REHABILITATION OF VARIOUS

OFFICES AND STORES AT DRUGS MANAGEMENT AGENCY.

” KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 2,499,358.36 ALLIED B. VENTURES

140 CONSTRUCTION OF VIP & RENOVATION OF

FEMALE WARD AT YADAKUNYA HOSPITAL

” UNGOGO LGA 7,634,678.90 AL- HAMSAD INVT.

LTD

142 PROVISION OF ADDITIONAL WATER FACILIITES

AT YADAKUNYA HOSPITAL.

” UNGOGO LGA 5,150,340.56 SUNBUKAR LTD

144 CONSTRUCTION OF 20 BEDWARDS AT YADAKUNYA

LEPROSY HOSPITAL

2006 UNGOGO LGA 11,336,730.00 AL-ANSAR NIG LTD

145 RENOVATION WORKS AT PEADIATRIC WARDS (SURGICAL & MEDICAL) AND EMERGENCY PAED.

UNIT (EPU) OF MURTALA MUHAMMAD

SPECIALIST HOSPITAL

“ KANO MUNICIPAL LGA 30,401,547.87 NASHE VENTURES LTD

146 GENERAL RENOVAITON WORKS AND PROVISION

OF FURNITURE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES

“ FAGGE LGA 43,130,369.00 YARAN FADA NIG. LTD

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HOSPITAL

147 RENOVATION WORKS AT ASMA’U MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

2007 FAGGE LGA 69,117,135.00 ENVIRONMENTAL DEV. COMPANY

LTD

148 UPGRADING/REHABILITATION OF MALAM

SHU’AIBU MEDICAL CENTRE, T/WADA NASSARAWA LGA.

” NASSARAWA LGA 37,077,467.62 MAIKUDI UMAR MAHMOUD

149 RENOVATION WORKS OF ORTHOPEADIC (ACC.

WARD) AND EMERGENCY WARD/ORTHOPAEDIC THEATRE OF MURTALA M.S. HOSPITAL, KANO

” K/MUNICIPAL LGA 10,537,951.00 TAFSIR CONCEPT NIG LTD

510. SUPPY OF EQUIPMENT/FURNITURE TO 6 HEALTH

FACILITIES IN THE STATE.

” KOKI, U/GINI, KAURA GOJE, YADAKUNYA

89,113,500.78 MEDICO HEALTH LTD

151 RENOVATION WORKS AT PHARMACY UNTIL OF

ELEVEN (11) SELECTED HOSPITALS IN THE STATE.

” MMSH-Municipal 21,925,753.20 NASHE VENTURE LTD

152 RENOVATION OF FEMALE WARD AND RELATED

BLOCK AT MURTALA M. S. HOSPITAL, KANO.

” K/MUNICIPAL LGA

33,718,032.41 SULEIMAN MOHD ABDU ENT.

154 RENOVATION/CONVERSION OF STAFF QTRS TO

CLINIC AT MURTALA MOHD SPEC. HOSPITAL.

2007 K/MUNICIPAL 6,943,623.28 SAHAB VENTURES LTD

155 CONSTRUCTION OF WALL FENCE AND PROVISION “ NASSARAWA LGA 5,827,987.00 AL-MUSTAPHA INTEGRATED SERVICES LTD

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OF FURNITURE TO SCHOOL OF HEALTH

TECHNOLOGY, KANO.

156 SUPPLY OF ANTI SNAKE VENOM (PLOYVALENT)

AND ANTI RABIES (RABIES ANTISERUM ) FOR

THE STATE HOSPITALS

” STATE HOSPITALS 3,525,000.00 PHARMAPLUS NIG LTD

157 REHABILITATION OF KITCHEN UNIT OF MMSH “ K/MUNICIPAL LGA 2,865,166.00 TRAN-SAHARA PRIME PARTNERS LTD

159 RENOVATION OF IDENTIFIED BLOCK OF

BUILDING AT MALARIA CONTROL UNIT

“ FAGGE LGA 5,676,127.10 METRIC SYSTEM

CONSTRUCTION

161 SUPPLY OF BEDS & MATTRESSES TO SCHOOLS OF

NURSING & MIDWIFERY, Kano

“ TARAUNI LGA 3,240,000 DABCON

VENTURES

162 CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN GENERAL HOSPITAL

AT GIGINYU QTRS

“ NASSARAWA LGA 1,489,385,522.8

5

D& B LIMITED

163 SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF 4 NO. 100KVA

PERKINS MODEL GENERATING SETS TO MOH-HQ, 2007 MARIYA SUNUSI

HOSPITALS 18,513,600.00 GARBA BELLO &

SONS

164 SUPPLY OF ADDITIONAL SPECIALISED “ FAGGE LGA 57,044,471.60 PRIMEDIC NIG

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EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS, APPARATUS, OFFICE

EQIPMENT AND OTHER BASIC NEEDS TO ASMA’U

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

LTD

165 SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION OF 2NO. 500KVA

PERKINS GENERATING SETS AUTOMATIC WITH

SYCRONIZED PANEL TO MUHD ABDULLAHI WASE

SPEC. HOSPITAL

“ NASSARAWA LGA 48,186,468.000 NASIHA MOTORS

& MERCHANTS

LTD

166 GENERAL RENOVATION OF MALE WARDS AND

PATHOLOGY BLOCK OF MMSH

“ K/MUNICIPAL LGA 19,462,049 F.B. VENTURES

168 COMPLETION OF GENERAL RENOVATION WORKS

AT MATERNITY UNIT OF MMSH

“ K/MUNICIPAL LGA 8,099,897.70 GARBEL GENERAL

ENTERPRISES

169 SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT/FURNITURE AND

RENOVATION WORKS AT TUDUN FULANI CLINIC

“ TUDUN FULANI,

KURNAR ASABE –

UNGOGO LGA

11,183,508.55 ASASCO NIG LTD

170 IMPROVEMENT WORKS AT SOME HEALTH

FACILITIES FOR COMMISSIONING

“ UNGUWAR GINI, KOKI,

YAN’AWAKI, & SOT.

3,547,512.25 GARBEL GENERAL

ENTERPRISES

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Urban Security and Safety

Security and Safety are backbone to the continuous and prosperous survival

of urban areas. In the case of urban Kano, our previous explanations across

the various chapters have revealed how the programmes and projects of the

Shekarau administration have contributed in making the urban Kano to be

more secured. It appears that in Kano, security is not attained by building

more police barracks and observational spots. Rather security is achieved by

managing the potential security threats. Nonetheless, it has to be said

Shekarau administration like all other state governments in Nigeria has

collaborated with the Nigeria Police and other security agencies. But that is

not essentially innovative. The Shekarau administration demonstrated a high

level of innovation by employing the State Hisbah Corps which a staff

strength of 9,000 corps.

The Hisbah Board was established via law of the Kano State House of

Assembly. The Kano State Hisbah Board Law No. 4 of 2003 and Kano

State Hisbah (Amendment) Law No. 6 of 200552. Under Section 7 of the law

No. 4 of 2003 Hisbah Corps were established with the duties and

responsibilities set out under subsection (4) of that section. Some of these

duties and responsibilities are very similar in many respects, to those of the

Nigeria Police. They include for example:

"(i) Rendering necessary assistance to the Police and other Security.

Agencies especially in the areas of prevention, detention and reporting of

offences;

(ix) Handling non-fire-arms for self defence like batons, and other

non-lethal civil defence instruments;

(xi) Assisting in traffic control.

(xiii) Assisting in any other situation that will require the involvement

of Hisbah be it preventive or detective”.

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This is a singular innovative security programme in Nigeria, in spite of the

initial legal tussles; the Hisbah continues to operate with success. They have

successfully contained many security challenges at grassroots.

On the angle of safety, the administration of Mallam Ibrahim Shekarau has

made some initiatives that are previously unknown or have been seriously

neglected. The Shekarau administration has inherited a Fire Service Brigade

that operates from its headquarters to serve all the areas in the metropolitan

Kano. The administration has decentralised the operations of the State Fire

Service through establishing new Fires Service Outposts. Seven new fire

fighting centres are located at strategic locations in the state capital. The new

fire fighting outposts are located at:

Jakara near Kurmi market

Gadon Kaya

State House of Assembly

Kwari Market

Rijiyar Zaki

Kurna

Government House

21 New fire fighting vehicles were acquired; while the Fire Service training

school was also renovated and more personnel were employed. The new

dimension to the function of the State Fire Service is Ambulance Services.

The agency now operates a full scale emergency services that respond to

distress calls especially for road accidents. These services are unknown

before Shekarau administration.

Women and Youths Development

Women and youths constitute a strong proportion of the Kano urban

population. The women in particular constitute the most vulnerable

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proportion due to poverty and in some cases poor treatment meted on them

by section of the society leading to violation of their rights. The

administration has taken serious measures to address the various problems

that the womenfolk face - development, survival, and protection issues. The

government tackles these through a number of women centred policies,

programmes and projects. From the Offices of the Special Advisers on

Women, Children Development, NGOs, through the Ministry of Women

Affairs and Social Development as well as through various pet projects of

the wives of the State Governor the lots of women have been improved. In

shorthand, the women empowerment programmes of the Shekarau

administration come in many forms.

For urban Kano what is new for women from the inception of this

administration include the gender sensitive transport system. The

Government imported 1, 500 tricycles and put them exclusively put to the

service of women at a reduced fares. This initiative has caused relief to

women who move around the city freely with less stress. The government

has also declared free education for all girls across the state. Government

has also introduced free maternal services for women across the state. The

administration has also awarded contract for the construction of 1.4 Billion

worth Ultra Modern Women development Centre at Kofar Naisa. The

administration has also refurbished several cottage industries where women

are taught some vocational skills. Table 17 below outlines some of the

activities carried by the State Ministry if Women Affairs and Social

Development.

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Table 17 Ministry of Women Affairs

S/N Description of Project/Programme Location Contract Sum Contactor Date of Project

2003

1. Renovation of Remand Home Goron Dutse 600,790 Messrs Man Dankudi

2. Renovation of WDC G/Gyadi Gyadi-Gyadi 796,120

3. Renovation of Torrey Home Tudun Maliki 85,000 Direct Labour

4. Renovation of Children’s Home Nassarawa GRA 220,000 Iliyasu Muhd.

5. Purchase of Special Foodstuff, Clothing Materials & Other Delicacies Distributed to Notable Women Groups, Children, Women & the Social Homes 6No in line with the Tradition to Commemorate the Ramadan & Sallah Festive Periods

Across the State 5,000,000 Direct Labour

6. Establishment of Legal Unit to Offer Legal Services to Women

H/Quarters 1,000,000 2004

7. Fencing Elevation, Laundry Construction & Junior Staff Quarters at Nassarawa Children’s Home for Security

Nassarawa GRA 5,000,000

8. General Improvement of Offices at Gwarzo, Danbatta & Remand Home

Gwarzo, Danbatta & G/Dutse

9,000,000

9. Renovation of Unused VVF Hostel, Zoo Road During the Fortnight Campaign on VVF

Zoo Road VVF 3,300,000 Direct

10. Day of the African Child 530,000 10/6/2006

11. Children’s Holiday Camp Imam Wali Hall 345,000 Direct

12. Children’s Day Celebration Stadium/Gidan Dan Hausa

1,120,000 Direct 27/5/2006

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13. International Women’s Day, Gifts Distribution, Symposium, Lectures were conducted & Finished Products of over 30 NGOs/CBOs were displayed & promoted for sale

Kaduna, Imam Wali 2,040,000 Direct 16-26/2/2006

14. Feeding of Social Home 6No Social Home as well as payment of Foster Parent Allowances

Remand Home G/Dutse, Children’s Home Nassarawa,

Torrey Home, Zoo Road VVF, Kwalli VVF,

Nursery Ward M.M. Hospital

4,950,000 Direct

15. Procurement & Distribution of 150No Grinding Machines, 40No Deep Freezers, 40No Sewing Machines, 100No Spaghetti Machines & 100No Bags of Flour

Across the State 10,000,000 7/11/2006

16. Allowances for Foster Parents/Grown Up Children

5,800,000 Monthly Payment

17. Construction of Kitchen & Supply of Dining Table at Nassarawa Children’s Home

1,089,327

18. Renovation/Upgrade of WDC G/Gyadi Gyadi-Gyadi 1,252,044.60 Alh. Sadauki Muhd. 2004

19. Purchase of Equipments Gyadi-Gyadi 747,955.40 Alh. Sadauki Muhd.

G/Gyadi 214,500 Direct Labour

20. Renovation of Social Homes:

Fagge

726,106.50

Sani Jibrin Alhaji

21. Nassarawa Children’s Home Nassarawa GRA 441,105 Sani Ibrahim

22. Remand Home G/Dutse Goron Dutse 334,910 Iliyasu Musa

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23. Torrey Home T/Maliki Tudun Maliki 537,700.80 Muhd. Hassan

24. Medical Ward M.M. Hospital M.M. Hospital 967,710.45 M. Hassan K/Waika

25. Renovation of Offices at H/Qtrs. Bank Road, Kano 4,665,706 Direct Labour

26. Upgrading of Women Dev. Centre Municipal 5,180,790 Patro Nig Ltd.

27. Renovation of VVF Hostel Zoo Road Zoo Road Kano 3,300,000

28. Construction of New Dining Hall Nassarawa C. Home 2,000,000

29. Construction of New Offices at Hqtrs. Bank Road Kano 3,500,000 Direct Labour

30. Renovation of Women Dev. Centre Gyadi-Gyadi 2,885,499 Al-Quba Enterprises

31. Construction of Classrooms 593,786.05 Musa Umar

32. Construction of Guard House 31,172.63 Umma Sani

33. Improvement of Soc. Welfare Office Danbatta Danbatta 3,700,000 Alh. Abbas Maikano 2006 34. Resuscitation of Daycare Centre G/Gyadi Gyadi-Gyadi 2,000,000 Hiason Nig. Ltd. 35. Construction of 2No Multi-Purpose Women

Centres at Dala & Makoda Dala/Makoda 20,000,000 Bala Shehu Azare, Abbas

Maikano

36. Renovation & General Improvement of Remand Home - Goron Dutse

Goron Dutse 3,548,475.37 Kabiru Jibrin Muhd.

37. Construction of Borehole at Kwalli Kwalli 1,200,000 RUWASA Kano

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In the area of youth’s development the administration has recognised the

need for a combined approach towards improving the lots of the urban

youths. The administration is the first in the history of the state to establish

the Directorate of Youths Development. The Directorate since its

establishment has embarked on number of projects on Youth

Empowerment Program (Dogaro da Kai) of the Shekarau Administration

which is a flagship program involving 4000 youths; 2000 for skills

acquisition and 2000 for citizenship and leadership training. This program

was designed to address the peculiar problem of youth unemployment and

economic marginalization as a result of lack of skills. The office conducted

the training of 2000 for skills acquisition in the following areas:

• Computer literacy scheme for 400 youths. Each participant was issued

a computer with its accessories (printer and scanner with the view of

promoting appreciation of information and communication

technology among the youths

• Tailoring training for 360 youths

• Poultry training for 260 youths

• Electrical and Electronics vocations for 100 youths

• Carpentry 72 youths

• Welding 63 youths

• Automobile 60 youths

• Knitting 25 youths (women)

• Building 14 youths

• Citizenship and leadership training for 2000 youths - N28 million

The Directorate has also designed a special scheme that targets on

streamlining political thugs known as ‘Yan Jagaliya. The Directorate is

making efforts towards empowering this category youths.

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On another direction, the Shekarau administration has recognised sports

development as one of the key areas for youths’ development. The

administration has given due support the sports units in the state. The

interventions of the administration in the Sports Council bear good results.

The Kano Pillars Football Club won the 2007/2008 national premier

league. The club also represents Nigeria in the rounds of the African nations

Cup. Some of the players from the club were invited to play at various

European club sides. Some of the accomplishments of the administration

on the sports development are summarised below:

Kano Pillars Club successfully reached the quarter finals of Nigerian

Challenge Cup on 4-Occasions;

Kano Pillars in 2008 won the first Professional League Cup and the

first ever super 8-premier leagues;

Many Kano Pillars players invited to National Team;

Kano Pillars represented Nigeria at the CAF club championship up to

the quarter final stage in 2009;

Kano Government College won the 9th edition of All Nigeria

Secondary Schools Football club under 18 competition in 2008;

Army Day Secondary School and Ahmadiyya Secondary School Kano

emerged winners and runners up in both boys and girls Milo All

Nigeria Basketball U-18 championship in 2008;

Kano has consistently won the Northwest-Zone overall winner in the

Zonal elimination competitions preparatory to National Sports

Festival;

Kano Pillars has the highest number of Amatuer Football Clubs in

the Country with 14 different clubs participating in various National

Amateur League divisions;

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Kano Pillars Basketball team won the National Premier Basketball

League as well as the final 8-top team championship hosted in

December 2008 in Kano.

Kano Pillars Basketball respresnted nigeria in the 2011 FIBA African

champions cup

Manpower Development and Diplomacy

Under its cardinal objective of human development, the administration has

given top priority to manpower development. Once the Shekarau

administration assumes office, it lifted the ban on foreign trips by the public

sector employees. The administration understands that in the fast globalising

world, its employees must mingle with others from around the world in

order to update their knowledge and skills. As a result, the administration

has sponsored all carders workers from different ministries, departments

and agencies. The state employees attended short courses, conferences, and

seminars across the world. This gesture brings direct and indirect benefits to

the urban Kano in numerous ways.

For instance, it is earlier reported Kano leads all states in Nigeria in terms of

policy framework for foreign investment. This could not be achieved

without partnerships and information exchanges between Kano civil

servants and their foreign counterparts. Such visits also have their

diplomatic spill over effects. Government officials are invited to pay visits to

other cities in order to learn from their experiences. In that regard Kano has

also benefitted greatly. The Kano water policy enjoys support from the

European Union. Today more foreign diplomats come to Kano and more

open their consulates in the city. The new Kano State pension scheme, the

ICT Park, or even Tsangaya projects would not have been successful

without experiences drawn from such foreign and domestic trips.

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Chapter Five:

Where Does Urban Kano Go After 2011?

In this chapter an attempt is made to explore some of the challenges

associated with sustainability of urban development process in Africa. Africa

has seen so many meaningful efforts that were allowed to wither. But the

current global development process is attached to the strings of

sustainability. Many cities in the global south from India to Brazil, China to

Indonesia and Turkey have wrestled with urbanisation as a development

process. They faced the challenges and improve the lives of their citizens. It

is only in Africa that challenges persist endlessly. But, Africa must also seek

means to bid farewell to this among other excruciating problems of this

century. The interventions witnessed in Kano would only be jettisoned at

cost. The analysis carried out in the previous chapter shows the many

aspects through which the government policies and development

programmes can contribute to urban development. The previous chapter

also outlines the multifaceted approaches through which the Kano state

government embarked on the measures for addressing the sundry urban

challenges.

There are questions to expect from the critics and cynics of which many are

genuine. Urban infrastructures like roads, healthcare facilities, water and

electricity, transport, and other social services like security are from being

achieved at 360 degrees or 365/7/24. It is anticipated that these issues

continue to float on all discussion circles in the media, public spaces, and

even professional roundtables. Some of the expected clauses would include:

Kano city still harbours so many refuse hills

Kano is yet to overcome problems of municipal water supply

Prioritisation of the of urban Kano is at the detriment of rural areas

and other smaller towns in the state

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Poor people need food not roads

Healthcare centres are still overcrowded

Many youths are still unemployed

Amidst more questions some people would harbour fears as to what

happens to urban Kano in post-Shekarau era.

Will the succeeding administration continue and conclude

programmes and projects of urban development?

Is the coming administration continuing with integrated approach to

urban development

Can the future budget of the State government afford to sustain the

infrastructure and service sectors of the urban Kano?

How will the city cope with increasing population growth and

immigration?

All the fears and questions raised above could be associated with

urbanisation in Africa. On the basis of the arguments and postulations of

international development organisations, Africa would continue to grapple

with urbanisation for a long period of time. On that basis, it would be a

grave mistake to assume that any government with a maximum life time of

eight years could solve the persistent challenges of urbanisation.

Nonetheless, eight years are enough to initiate all encompassing

programmes that would effectively address the identified key challenges. It

was earlier said that cities are living beings; the saying is true so long as

humans inhabit them. This means they will be insatiable; they will look for

change and would like to be fed with want they want.

In the case of Kano, from the time Shekarau administration assumed office

in 2003, the annual urban population growth rate of 7.0% would have

exerted so much pressure on the infrastructure and services right before the

exit of the government. But, in spite of this reality, it must be acknowledged

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that the newly constructed roads would carry more cars and commuters for

many years come. The new hospitals would accommodate more patients.

The new market would make business more vibrant and give more people

sense of belonging. Invariably, it is glaring that governments must sow the

seeds of transforming cities through genuine and encompassing initiatives.

In Kano we have seen how the engagement of the private sector creates

unlimited opportunities for the people and economy.

From the previous experiences of Kano we have also seen the salient role

that the government could play in reversing urban security and safety

threats. Governments must engage the youths through openness not only

through unguarded use of force. Security risks must also be tackled from the

grassroots. This is demonstrated in the services that Hisbah agents

undertake. The Kano community has not rejected the Hisbah, if it does it

could have been extinguished especially at the time when constitutional

relevance of Hisbah was questioned by the Nigeria Police, and Federal

Government. In other words, society must be given a greater role in what

affects them. But, the most important question that needs to be asked is

whether Hisbah and similar institutions are going to wither or are they going

to be strengthened in the next one decade? Governments in Africa must

learn to bury political differences instead of burying live development

programmes. As such all projects initiated should always be allowed to reach

their logical conclusions. Governments in developed countries rarely temper

with policies unless the public opinion negates them or better ones are

found. But, the reverse is case in most African cities.

The question at the header of this chapter is which direction does Kano go

after the exit of Shekarau administration by the mid of 2011? This question

follows the fact that the administration has utilised its eight years to put in

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place good policy frameworks for urban rejuvenation. Such programmes

must be allowed to continue and be sustained through other measures. One

of the best ways to sustain Kano in the nearest future is for the next

government to give unreserved commitment to electricity generation.

Electricity would revive the Kano urban industrial sector. Throughout its

history, Kano stands heads and shoulders above most of its peer African

cities through trade, commerce and industry. It is a well known fact that

right since the 15th century, Kano had established economic ties with North

Africa, West Africa and many parts of the old Europe. It is sad that the

Kano industrial areas remained almost lifeless since the days of the collapse

of the Nigerian economy. Many industrial areas in Lagos are brought back

to life and they have continued to produce so much for Kano to consume.

Vigorous efforts must be made for power sector to be revamped so that

these industrial can pick up. When the industrial areas of Kano are

revamped more jobs would be created, more revenue would be generated

and more people would come to Kano. Traditionally, the people of Kano

give top priority to commerce and industry. Alas, the current business

environment in Kano is yet to be digitised. It remains too informal for the

21st century. Of course, the process of globalisation have always pushed

people to go digital, but the government must look for the means to digitise

i.e. modernise the local economy. Modern economies are knowledge based

economies, governance must also be knowledge based.

The Kano society can only sustain and improve on the efforts sank by

Shekarau administration through sincere education and enlightenment of the

political class. The peer review mechanism introduced under the ambitious

NEPAD programme of the African Union is very much underutilised in

Nigeria and Kano State. Competition must be engrossed and tendered

among the political leaders so that one urges and another and the general

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public is given chance to assess. Leadership is a trust. The political class

must reserve appointments based on merit and proven performance and

recognitions. These are the essential responses that Kano should be allowed

to enjoy from the year 2011. The year is just an eve to the 2015 the time that

the United Nations sets for Africa to attain basic ingredients of life – less

poverty, literacy, health, shelter, healthier mother and children. A committed

government can attain the goals and most of the targets of the MDGs at

least in urban Kano if the current state of infrastructure and services would

be maintained.

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Conclusions

This book telescopes the various and profound accomplishments of the

Shekarau administration in the urban sector of Kano State. It is imperative

to give this sector a special look. Historically, socially, politically and

economically all parts of Kano state have direct stake in Kano city. It is not

as in other places were the cities and villages are unconnected. People in the

farthest villages in the east, west, south or north of Kano must have at least

some relations or one of their first, second or third generations in Kano.

Every wealthy man or aristocrat based in the city of Kano is most likely to

have one or more farmlands in the rural Kano. At average, every rural house

must have one of its sons going to Kano as seasonal migrant. This is simple

rural urban symbiotic relation that prevails since pre-colonial times. So

priority to developing urban Kano could not be seen as a zero sum game.

Every citizen of Kano has stake in the Kano city. On the heels of this

argument one has to add that, in the times of agricultural prosperity in

colonial and early postcolonial days Kano owed its prosperity to the

agricultural boom that was essentially rural based. The rural areas depended

on Kano to link them to the wider world.

The analysis carried out relies absolutely on the data collated by the various

ministries, departments and agencies in the state. The Research and

Documentation Directorate takes custody of such data for policy making

purposes. Without this data it would have been much difficult for access

and usage. Importantly, data management is one of the fundamental means

of tracking the performance of the government in all the spheres of

development activities. African cities must learn to develop urban

information system in order to allow them achieve comprehensive and

participatory and transparent urban governance.

One of the assertive challenges to sustainable urban development in Africa

is the long standing disarticulation of policies and responsibilities between

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the organs of urban development. This problem is same from Abuja

through Accra, or Nairobi through Nouakchott. In Kano State REMASAB

works differently from the KNUPDA; Water Board is far away from Power

Holding Company of Nigeria; Fire Service independent of the health

ministry. Transport sector is also independent of all others. This is an

immense challenge all urban service providers must think and act in the

same direction for desirable results to be achieved. If the Shekarau

administration has established an urban service provider network, then its

seemingly integrated urban development strategy would have been one of

the best in the developing world. This blank space must be filled in Kano

and everywhere in the sub-Saharan Africa.

The Shekarau administration in its mandatory eight year term of office has

made giant strides to innovate many projects and programmes that would

transform Kano. Expectedly, the programmes could not be 100% complete

and perfect. The administration that succeeds it must compete with it in

order to establish its place in the history of African urban research. It must

finish the tasks it left behind. It must go ahead to establish Greater Kano

Urban Commission that would take care of the integrated sustainable

development of the urban Kano. The new administration should also create

an office of an Advisory Mayor who would be a special Adviser to the Kano

State Governor on Greater Kano Development. While these proposals seem

good and implementable, it is important to also highlight the challenges of

projects and programmes implementation in African city. Many

governments engage the services of domestic and foreign experts to design

good programmes that would never be implemented or would stop half

way. Urban Kano needs strong institutions that would safeguard the

investment made governments and or in conjunction with the private sector

or international organisations. That could be achieved through the role of

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the civil society groups who can serve as the ambassadors of the general

public.

It is accepted that in many cases, budget deficits would not allow

governments to complete projects. On that basis the governments must

recourse to the opportunities provided by the private sector. City

administrators must learn how to share responsibilities with the private

sector. In the case of Kano, huge sums were spent on the construction of

the Tambaurawa water plant. It is important that the private sector is given

the responsibility of collecting public payments for such services. The

private sector would be more transparent and it could easily be checked by

the government and the general public at large. Collaboration with the

private sector has other advantages, for instance, it creates more jobs and it

thrives on the continuity of its services and income generation.

The African urban sector can learn from the experiences of Kano that no

meaningful development of African large cities could be achieve without

given due attention to the indigenous value systems, rule of law and

democratic governance structures. Without good rapport with traditional

institutions and due process some of the achievements would have died

along the way. All the benefits associated with Hisbah would have been lost

if it was not founded on the constitutional grounds. The success of the

Shekarau administration on the urban sector is not unconnected with his

long term experiences as public officer that went round various ministries

and departments. This means in order to face most of the challenges in the

African city the people at the helm of affairs of the relevant government

agencies that tackle urban development and related issues must be people

with direct and relevant experiences and interests. Professionals and experts

in the urban sector are often frustrated by political appointees that lack basic

knowledge and experience in the urban development affairs.

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On a final note we have to make this point clear, that the sustainability

urban Kano enjoyed in the pre-colonial, and early post colonial days was

largely based on the ecology of rural-urban areas. This ecology has within its

web of activities social and environmental strings. There were exchanges of

labour through migration between the two and in the case of peri-urban

villages the exchange was for energy and fertiliser. This ecology is broken up

now do modernisation and environmental pressures. Government should

learn how to give a true and top priority to the agricultural sector. Kano

State is endowed with about thirty earth dams that are largely untapped or

significantly underutilised. Developing such dams for irrigation, fishery

would create abundance of opportunities for the teaming population of rural

masses. In the same way, it would keep them around their villages and

smaller urban areas. Globalisation and accessibility have extended and

decentralised the glitters of large cities.

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Endnotes and References 1 See Quran 90:1 2 Doing Business in Nigeria 2010. DFID/World Bank Report, Abuja, 2010, pp.176 3 World Bank (2009) World Development Report 2009: Shaping Economic Geography. Washington DC: World Bank. 4 Voigt, H. (2006). Don’t plan cities, negotiate them. Development and Cooperation, 3(8)324 5 Parnell, S.; Simon, D. (2010) “National Urbanisation and Urban Policies: Necessary but Absent Policy Instruments in Africa” in Pieterse, E (Ed.) Urbanization Imperatives for Africa: Transcending Policy Inertia. African Centre for Cities, Cape Town 6 Watson, V. (2009) “The Planned City Sweeps the Poor Away...: Urban Planning and the 21st Century Urbanisation.” Progress in Planning, 72,151-193, Elsevier 7 Boelens, L. (2009) The Urban Connection..010 Publishers, Amsterdam 8 Bogardi, Jonas (2008) “Foreword” In Bohle, H.; Warner, K. (eds): Megacities, Resilience and Social Vulnerability. UNU-EHS, Bonn, SOURCE No.10, p.7 9 Mabogunje, A.L. (1982) “Cities and Social Order” Habitat International, 6(3)343-364 10 Mabogunje, A.L. (1967) Urbanisation in Nigeria, London University Press 11 Ozo, Andrew O.(2009) 'Urban change and conflict in the traditional character of an African city: the example of Benin City, Nigeria', Planning Perspectives, 24: 4, 485 — 507

12 Kitching, G. N. 1982.Development and Underdevelopment in Historical Perspective: Populism, Nationalism, and Industrialization. London: Methuen.

13 UN Habitat (2003). The challenge of Slums - Global Report on Human Settlements

2003. United Nations Human Settlements Report / Earthscan, London

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14 UN Habitat (2010) State of the World Cities 2010/2011 – Bridging the Urban

Divide. UN Habitat/Earthscan, Nairobi/London

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26 Barau, A.S. 2007. The Great Attractions of Kano. Research and Documentation Directorate, Government House, Kano. 27 Op.cit 28 Mortimore, M.J. (1972) ‘Land and Population Pressure in the Kano Close- Settled Zone’ in People and Land in Africa South of Sahara, Prothero, R.M. (Ed) Oxford University Press 29 Liman, M.A; Adamu, Y.M (2003) ‘Kano in Time and Space: From City to a Metropolis’ in Perspectives of Kano-British Relations Hambolu, M.A (ed.) Gidan Museum, Kano 30 Barau, A.S. (2006) An Account of the High Population in Kano State. RDD, Government House Kano. 31 Dan Asabe, A.U. (2004) ‘The General Impact of the Sokoto Jihad on Kano’. Paper presented at the National Conference on the 200 Years of Sokoto Jihad organised by the Kano State History and Culture Bureau 32 Bello-Kano, I. (2003) ‘Representation of Kano in the Writings of Clapperton, Barth and Lugard’ in Perspectives of Kano-British Relations Hambolu, M.A (ed.) Gidan Museum, Kano 33 Barau, A.S. 2007 op cit 34 Saeda, S.; Barau, A.S. Land Reform in Nigeria from fronts of Multidisciplinary Approach, 2009 35 Garba, S.B. (1992) Urban Land Policies and Low Income Housing in Metropolitan Kano, Nigeria. MSc Thesis McGill University 36 Nwaka, G.I (1989) Doubts and Directions in Nigerian Urban Policy. Public Administration & Development (1986-1998); Jan-Mar 1989; 9, 1; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 49 37 Olujimi, J. (2009) Evolving a Planning Strategy for Managing Urban Sprawl in Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 25(3) 201-208 38 See An Account of the High Population in Kano

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47 Greater Kano Project: KNSG to provide 50,000 plots. Daily Triumph, November 25, 2010. www.triumphnewspapers.org

48 Kano: The Africa’s Global City (Allyman Media Production, 2007) Documentary Film, Allyman Media/RDD 49 The Business, Trade and Investment Guide 2010/2011. Corporate Nigeria 50 Daily Triumph Newspaper, November 26, 2010. Shekarau wants 5000 megawatts to boost Kano CBD 51 Kano Gets N1bn Fish Market. Daily Trust, Sunday 31st January, 2010.

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52 Judgement of the Supreme Court of Nigeria SC/26/2006 Kano AG vs Attorney general of the Federation. Source: http://www.nigeria-law.org/Attorney-General%20of%20Kano%20State%20v%20Attorney-General%20of%20the%20Federation.htm

http://www.nigeria-law.org/Attorney-General%20of%20Kano%20State%20v%20Attorney-General%20of%20the%20Federation.htm



The Kano Urban Renaissance 2003-2011

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