GROUP MEMBERS

•SHUMIRAI MUPONDA•ALBAN .T. SITHOLE•MUNYARADZI MABUWA

QUESTIONS

A.OUTLINE AND JUSTIFY THE OBJECTIVES OF TFCAs [15]B.WITH REFERENCE TO TFCAs OF YOUR CHOICE CRITICALLY

ASSESS IT ARCHIEVEMENTS [10]

DEFINITIONS

•SADC Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement (1999) TRANS FRONTIER CONSERVATION AREA(TFCA) is the area or component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries, encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas.

•Munthali also defines a TFCA as a part or components of a larger eco region that straddles the border between two or more countries, encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple- resource areas for the use of communities and private landholders, managed for sustainable use of natural resources.

OBJECTIVES OF TFCAs

•Harmonise the policies, strategies and practices for managing NR along international boundaries.

non consumptive tourism quota system •Enhance the conservation of endangered ecosystems and species such as elephants which are killed by poachers as they want ivory

Conti…

• Improve the standards of living of rural communities.community involvement in industries such as tourism.Industries create employment to the local people and generate income to the tourism potential of the region. In general, major impacts on regional economies are not expected, and will arise primarily from the development of the tourism industry (both consumptive and non-consumptive) and possibly also from the development of new activities based on the new or commercial utilisation of natural resources.

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•To ensure that biodiversity conservation is actually achieved through participating of countries which need to unite in a shared vision for the conservation of their resources within a greater area. Thus increasing cooperation between the relevant state parties on multiple inter-government levels is imperative.

•Employment equity; skills development plan; implementation of gender policy; revision of recruitment policy; retention strategy

b) Achievements of TFCAs

•TFCAs have various land uses that go beyond natural resource management related land uses, such as national parks, private game reserves, communal natural resource management areas and hunting concessions. Portions of the land comprising TFCAs usually also include private land and communal land. TFCAs are therefore a “conglomerate” of the land management regimes of the participating countries resulting in complex land practices.

Conti…

•Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulations were finalised

•A list of threatened terrestrial ecosystems was published for public comment

•Biodiversity Stewardship Guidelines were developed to further enhance expansion of the conservation estate

•The Vhembe Biosphere Reserve was inscribed onto the United Nations Education and Scientific Commission (UNESCO) network

Conti…

•Regulations for proper management of the Knysna Lake areas were gazetted for implementation on the 11 December 2009.

•One new Ramsar site (Ntsikeni Nature Reserve) was designated as a wetland of international importance

•As part of the transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) development strategy 51 investment projects were packaged; 3 of which have secured investment worth R100m

Conti…

•The Limpopo-Shashe TFCA was renamed- the greater Mapungubwe TFCA, further improving interface between cultural, heritage and natural resource management in TFCAs

•ro0m secured from the African Renaissance was transferred to the Lesotho Component of Sani Pass road in the Maluti- Drakensburg TFCA aimed at improving access

However

•Norms and standards for management of Damage Causing Animals (DCA) were not finalised and approved. The balance between managing DCA's while addressing livelihoods and economic investments

•The target to have 40% (6 of 16) of elephant management plans in place was not achieved due to low submission rate by relevant organs of state. 4 plans were received from KZN wildlife but they did not meet the criteria

•6.2% of land was under conservation as opposed to the targeted 6.5%. Gazetting of Garden Route, Futululu & Tokai and Cecilia

References

•Main, M. 1987. Kalahari: life’s variety in dune and delta. Southern Book Publishers, Johannesburg.

•Metcalfe, S. 2000. Proposed support for the “Four Corners” Transboundary Natural Resource Management Area. Unpublished discussion paper prepared for the USAID RCSA workshop, Kasane, Botswana, November 2000. Mills, M.G.L. 1991. Conservation management of large carnivores in Africa.

•Singh, J.J. 2000. Transboundary Conservation in the African Context•Rodwell, T.C. 1996. Caprivi elephant monitoring project. Unpublished report, Ministry of Environment & Tourism, Namibia.

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