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It is quite inspiring to witness the Society for Metallurgical Engineering Students, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur launching the next edition of Tejas , the annual departmental magazine in association with Indian Institute of Metals, Jamshedpur Chapter. I would like to extend my heartiest congratulations to the team and the department for their tremendous and unstinted efforts in bringing out the departmental magazine successfully. Launching the departmental magazine during the hectic semester system elicit the students to enhance their research abilities and gives them a platform to put forth their innovative ideas in the �ield of metallurgy and material science. This magazine is an initiative to foster the students to pursue their career in the budding �ield of metallurgy and I'm really glad to learn that. I am sure that this magazine would exemplify the voyage transverse and would enable the students to extol the beauty of metallurgical applications and its vast scope in future. I congratulate the editorial board for their determined efforts in making Tejas innovative and inspiring and hope that this as well as the upcoming editions of Tejas will get an overwhelming response. I wish Tejas splendid success!!

Message from the Director

- Prof. Karunesh Kumar Shukhla Director, NIT Jamshedpur

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Message from Head of the Department The previous editions of Tejas, the annual departmental magazine of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, have been resounding success. I am pleased to see the third edition of Tejas which has incorporated student's achievements, internship experiences along with the research papers, and various articles on ongoing topics in material science. Tejas has upheld its motive to keep the young generation of budding engineers updated about the beauty of Metallurgy and Material Engineering and its vast scope of development. It gives exposure to the students and helps them to hone their academic and literary skill. The entire team of Tejas20 has done a great job in coming up with this edition. I extend my heartiest wishes to the editorial team of Tejas for their hard work and dedication. I wish the team success in their endeavours.

- Dr. Ashok KumarHOD, MME Department NIT Jamshedpur

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Message from the professor in charge,SMES

Tejas, the annual departmental magazine of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, has been budding under the umbrella of Society of Metallurgical Engineering Students. The two integral sections of the team- content and design, have worked with immense dedication to come up with this publication. This edition of Tejas includes the latest developments in the �ield of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, scholarships for students, their achievements and experiences. The magazine continues to expand its reach to achieve its vision of being a true representation of students' publication. I hope the magazine provides abundance of exposure and hope the readers enjoy up to the last page. I extend my wishes to the team and wish it builds on this spirit just as much during the upcoming academic year.

- Dr. Poulami Maji

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Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering NIT JAMSHEDPUR

FACULTY MEMBERS

SI. No.

Name of the Faculty Designation Specialization

1 Dr. Ashok Kumar Associate Professor and Head of department

Mechanical Metallurgy, Fatigue, Fracture & Failure Analysis, Physical Metallurgy

2 Prof. Mahesh Kumar Agrawal Professor Process Metallurgy (Steel), Transport Phenomena, Pneumatic process

3 Prof. Rajendra Prasad Singh Professor Ferrous Process Metallurgy

4 Mr. C. S. Choudhary Associate Professor Ext. Met. Of Iron & Steel, Corrosion Science & Engineering

5 Mr. B. K. Singh Associate Professor Foundry Technology 6 Dr. Ranjit Prasad Associate Professor Engineering Geology

Mineral Processing Technology, Reform in Education Community Development

7 Dr. Rina Sahu Assistant Professor Metallic glass, Nano-Technology, Hydro - metallurgy

8 Dr. Poulami Maji Assistant Professor Physical and Mechanical Metallurgy

9 Dr. Aravind Gali Assistant Professor Advanced Materials 10 Dr. Renu Kumari Assistant Professor Surface Engineering,

Biomaterials 11 Dr. Sanjay Kumar Vajpai Assistant Professor Advanced Materials

TEJAS

Message from the Editor-in-chief - Prof. Ashok KumaDear Readers,

Welcome to the 4th edition of Tejas. Strengthening its vision of encompassing innovation with information, we are pleased to introduce to you this edition. The theme of this edition is 'Materials of the future'. The world is changing at a very fast speed and with it the demand for new types of materials is also increasing. That is why this year we have kept our focus mostly

on those materials which can possibly change the future of the world we live in. Being situated in the steel city Jamshedpur, NIT Jamshedpur provides great opportunities to budding engineers in the �ield of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. The exciting new developments taking place in this �ield has motivated us to come up with this edition. In this edition of Tejas, we have also given special emphasis on giving the students a heads up about how to prepare themselves to get internship in some top institutions like Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Tata Steel, Tata Metaliks, etc. There is also an exquisite collage of the student's activities which has taken place all the year round. Furthermore we have incorporated “A word with the Pioneer”, an interview with the eminent Metallurgists to share their experiences and guide the budding metallurgists in the magni�icent �ield of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. In addition to this, we have also taken interviews of some of our alumni who have achieved tremendous success in some of the toughest examinations in this country. It was a pleasure working with a dedicated and hardworking team, who has made this dream come true. I am thankful to the content writing and designing teams for their support, which made my task much easier. I am grateful to all the students who have contributed articles, experiences and pictures to the magazine. Team Tejas extends its gratitude to the Head of Department, Professor in Charge, SMES and the faculty members for their valuable support. Lastly, I am also grateful to the Society of Metallurgical Engineering Students (SMES) under whose umbrella Tejas has been budding. The whole process of making Tejas was a great learning experience for all of us. I hope that you readers enjoy it as much as we did in making it.

Hope you have a good read. AVNISH DEO

(EDITOR IN CHIEF, TEJAS)

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n embodiment of truth, tranquility and bliss, Lord Shiva, isAdescribed by the word 'Tejase'. TEJ means to guard, defend orprotect. Agni is the blazing �ire, while Tejas, represents the

transformation that happens when you go through the heat of practice and become the light of the �ire. The �lame of the �ire, no matter where you pushed it, would always move in an upward direction. In t he same way, our consciousness seeks an upward movement. We incarnate here to grow, understand our essential consciousness, expand and evolve.Society for Metallurgical Engineering Students (SMES), NIT Jamshedpur, presents Tejas, the annual departmental magazine of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. As known, it is the �ire that re�ines precious metals like Gold and when it does, it undergoes a signi�icant transformation in its state. A very similarly treasured student life undergoes a prodigious transition in this phase of Engineering. So, as a metallurgical student, it can be understood that the greater we endure, the utterest purity can we achieve. Also, Tejas infers to the spiritual aura of a person and the facial expressiveness that exudes con�idence, vigor or valor and a Guru is said to be endowed with the ability to judge a wannabe-disciples worthiness by just observing his/her Tejas. So, when a teacher observes an aspiring student's tejas, the preceptor can perceive how much effort needs to be done to awaken the spiritual heat of the student.One such effort made on the part of the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering is Tejas. Every ambitious student who desires to seek knowledge and sharpen wits in his/her area of expertise are provided with the right source. It encompasses the whole compendium essential for gaining knowledge in the world around us in the �ields of Metallurgy and Materials especially, in an interesting and interactive method. Be it the history and importance of Metallurgy or be it the future scope and applications, Tejas has it all. In an attempt to amplify your bounds of imagination and knowledge, SMES hopes to be the successful sourceand bring out the 'Tejas” in you.

Why TEJAS ?

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scientists have seen silicon as a hugely promising material in the world of lithium-ion batteries. The primary reason for this is

that using it as the anode could mean batteries with 10 times the capacity of current versions – at least in theory. But in reality, it easily breaks apart as the battery goes through its charging cycles. Scientists at Norway's Institute for Energy Technology are now claiming to have overcome this problem with a new material they call Silicon X.

Silicon is a promising anode material for rechargeable Li-ion battery due to1). high energy density2).relatively low operating voltage.

PROBLEMsufferedbysiliconelectrodeThe practical use of silicon is limited due to poor mechanical integrity during charge-discharge

process.Lithium insertion and extraction of silicon occurs via an alloying-de-alloying mechanism associated with large volume e x p a n s i o n ( 3 0 0 % ) . U n d e r con�ined electrode geometries, it can result in mechanical stresses and fracture of the electrode, leading to early capacity loss.

Approachforsolution

To overcome these problems, several approaches have been suggested including preparation of nanostructured electrodes

with nanowires , thin � i lms, nanopart ic le composites etc.

A considerable improvement of cycle life has b e e n a c h i e v e d o w i n g t o t h e a b i l i t y o f nanostructures to undergo expansion without fracture. However, the nanostructures suffer from

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reduction reactions of electrolyte on electrode surfaces) formation due to their extra-large surface area compared to the bulk material.

The large volume expansion in silicon results in continuous destruction and re-formation of SEI, consuming excessive lithium and electrolyte and leading to irreversible capacity loss. Also, the accumulation of SEI debris on the active material surface may lead to poor charge transfer characteristics, promoting capacity degradation.

One way to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface is to isolatethe active material surface from electrolyte. Various polymers,metals, carbonaceous materials(consisting of or containing carbon or its compounds), and lithium compoundshave been used as coatings for active silicon particles, and improved cycling stability has been achieved. However, lithium-inactive coatings such as polymers lead to a reduction of absolute capacities. Also,carbonaceous materials often result in irreversible lithium consumption,

especially during �irst few cycles. Some studies indicate that a thin oxide layer may be ineffective for long-term cycling stability.Zhang et al. prepared silicon nanowires with amorphous oxide shell of 10 nm. A reversible capacity over 3000 mAh g-1 was initially achievedbut the capacity loss after 100 cycles was as high as 50%. Therefore,further work is much required to elucidate the role of surface oxides in stabilizing the electrodes. In this work, a lithium-active, nanoporous SiOx surface layer was adopted to stabilize the electrochemical process of amorphous Si thin �ilm electrodes in Li-ion battery. It was found that the nanoporous SiOx layer has dual-function,1). stabilizing the electrode/electrolyte interface 2). improving the fracture toughness of the electrodes. The overall fabrication process is simple and inexpensive, thereby havinggreat potentials for applications in high-capacity

electrodes with excellentcycling stability.

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Tr a n s i t i o n m e t a l d i c h a l c o g e n i d e s characteristically contain layered crystal structures. As their name suggests, these are

made up of transition metals such as molybdenum, tungsten or niobium linked with chalcogens such as sulphur, selenium etc. They comprise a layer of transition metal atoms sandwiched between two layers of chalcogen atoms. However, the atoms in these layers are strongly held together by covalent bonds, whereas each layered sheet is only a s s o c i a t e d t o i t s neighbouring layer by weak van der Waals b o n d s , a l l o w i n g individual sheets to be separated from each other.Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are layered materials with strong in-plane bonding and weak out of plane interactions permit two-dimensional layers of single unit cell thickness.

Although TMDCs have been studied for decades, recent advances in these materials characterization and device fabrication have opened up new opportunities for two-dimensional layers of thin TMDCs in electronics and optoelectronics. TMDCs such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 and some mix

compounds of these m a t e r i a l s h a v e valuable band gaps that change from indirect to direct in s i n g l e l a y e r s , allowing applications such as transistors, photodetectors and electroluminescent devices.The compounds of Tr a n s i t i o n m e t a l d i c h a l c o g e n i d e s

group can be represented by the formula of the type MX2 (where M is the transition metal group VIB and X2 is the chalcogen element such as Se, S, Te etc.). TMDCs with various characters of metal , semiconductor and magnetic substances are

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considered structurally as strongly bonded two-dimensional X-M-X layers loosely coupled to one another by relatively weak Van der Waals type forces.Very important optical energy, electrical energy and chemical energy conversion ef�iciencies have been obtained in photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar cells. The potential of this group of materials appears to be limited mainly by the availability of appropriate materials. Attempts have been made to produce good quality crystals and thin �ilms of the layered transition metal dichalcogenides for photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical solar cells devices applications. Several approaches actively pursued to produce high-quality single crystals and thin �ilms of layered transition metal

dichalcogenides. The layered transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit promising properties for quantum solar energy conversion because the energy gap of

TMDCs largely falls in the range of 1 to 2 eV (near to maxima of solar radiation) and therefore, it is ideal for the solar energy absorption. This increases the possibility of generation of photo electron-hole pairs. Therefore, TMDCs material must be useful in

photosensitive application. Thus, it is worthinvestigating the use of TMDCs in PEC solar cell. Ultrathin two-dimensional layered transitionmetal dichalcogenides ( TMDCs ) a r e fundamentally and technologically intriguing. They are found to be chemically versatile. Multi-layered TMDCs are direct band gap semiconductors whose bandgap energy, as well as carrier type (n- or p-type), varies between compounds depending on their composition, structure and dimensionality. They have been investigated as chemically active electro-catalysts for hydrogen evolution and hydrosulphurization, as well as electrically active materials in these materials

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Fig. TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (Two-dimensional triangular crystals of molybdenum disulphide grown by chemical vapour deposition)

TMDCs are rapidly gaining popularity for researchers worldwide. These semiconducting materials, unlike graphene, can be grown directly on insulating substrates. 2D atomic layers of TMDCs have a direct bandgap that can be tuned by increasing the number of atomic layers. There are many potential commercial applications for these devices, including �lexible integrated circuits and next-generation optoelectronics. Applications for

include high-speed electronics, �lexible devices, next-generation solar cells, and touch screen display panels. While many applications of semiconducting TMDCs are almost similar to other electronic materials, the atomically slim nature of TMDCs presents exceptional opportunities. By focusing genuinely on such exclusive opportunities, the technological strength of

semiconducting TMDCs can be maximized.

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3 D Printing also referred as Additive Manufacturing, is a process of joining materials to make objects from three-

dimensional data, usually layer upon layer. This system uses computer-aided design models and 3-D scanning system for production. Today any tool can be developed by simply making a 3 D model of it or by scanning it with a 3 D scanner and then just click on "print" and then object can be seen taking shape from a digital to the physical reality.

HOWTHEPROCESSWORKSThe preprocessing of this rapid process is similar to traditional processes. First, the component is drawn as a 3D solid model in a CAD system. The design is created according to their requirements. Then, information relative to the component has to be 'input' into the system like the part features parameters . This information will then be used to generate automatically the appropriate welding parameters.Then, the solid model is electronically sliced by an AutoCAD add-on. It generates lines which represent the robot path necessary to make the component.After the slices are generated, four outputs are

created: the polylines as a DXF �ile, the robot

program, and two reports containing instruction relating to the component itself: one is for the welding technician and contains welding instructions and values for each layer (time, height, etc.); the other is for the production manager and contains information like the time it will take to build, the quantity of material needed, etc.

The robot program is then compiled and downloaded to the robot via a serial cable through the RS 232C port of the computer. After setting up all the required consumables the robot is ready to start building up the component.

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Theadvantagesofthistechnology1. The production time is drastically shortened.· 'Automatic' technique and it is possible to leavethe system working with little supervision around the clock.2.Since these machines work as additive processesthey are less wasteful of materials.3. It is very easy to implement changes in thecomponent since this is electronically drawn in a CAD package, is only necessary to 'reprint' it.

APPLICATIONS

·1. Nowadays aircraft components are using the technique of 3D printing to print some of its parts because these parts are stronger as well as lighter as compared to the parts manufactured by the traditional method.

·2. 3D printing is being used to manufacture hearing aid . It has shortened the duration between the demand and supply and also can print different hearing aid shells. ·3. It is used in the automobile industries such asBMW, Bentley and Rolls-Royce to produce cheap and strong automotive parts.

FUTURESCENARIOANDOUTLOOKDefense and Aerospace: Printing an aircraft wing may be possible in the near future which may further lead to the development of an entire aircraft by this method. Also, self- healing military vehicles can be developed.Automotive: 3D printed components for vehicles can be used whose models are rarely available in the market. Innovative vehicles enabled by 3D printing can also be manufactured. General Manufacturing: Printed electronics

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Electrochromic materials have the property of change, evocation, or bleaching of color as effected either by an electron-transfer

(redox) process or by a suf�icient electrochemical potential. The color and opacity of material changes when voltage is applied.

CLASSIFICATIONWe can classify electrochromic materials into three simple types on the basis of the solubility of each redox state.1 . I n a g ive n e l e c t ro ly t i c s o l u t i o n , t y p e 1 electrochemical materials are soluble in both the reduced and oxidized state.

2. Type2 electrochemical materials are soluble in one redox state but form a solid �ilm on the surface of an electrode following electron transfer.

3. In type3 materials, such as tungsten oxide(WO3), polymeric viologens, conjugated conducting polymers, metallopolymers, Prussian blue, both or all redox states are solid and these systems are studied as thin �ilms on electrode surfaces. For types 2and3, once the redox state has been

switched, no further charge injection is needed to retain the new electrochromic state and such systems have optical memory.Although a vast number of chemical species exhibit electrochromic properties only those with favorable electrochromic performance parameters like high contrast ratio, coloration ef�iciency,write-erase ef� iciency are potential ly useful in commercial applications.

PRINCIPLEThe phenomena of electrochromism can be explained with an example of tungsten trioxide,the m o s t e x t e n s i v e l y s t u d i e d a n d k n o w n electrochromic material. Here the central metal atom is surrounded by octahedral structures of oxygen, joined together at corners. Hence, resulting in a three-dimensional non-porous structure with tunnels, through which the dissociated ions pass when an electric �ield is applied. Common ions used for this purpose are H+ and Li+.The electric �ield is induced by two �lat, transparent electrodes. On voltage application across electrodes, due to the difference in charge the ions penetrate the oxide as charge-balancing electrons

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�low between electrodes, which change the valency of metal atoms. The redox reaction which takes place in WO3 is given as,

WO3 + n(H++e-)→HnWO3

Photons that reach the oxide layer

can cause an electron to

move between two

near by metal ions . The ene- rgy provided by the photon causes movement of an electron which in turn causes optical absorption of the photon as given,

Wa5++Wb6++photon→ Wa6++Wb5+

APPLICATIONS1. ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS-These smartwindows can block ultraviolet, visible, infrared light instantaneously. The ability to control the

transmittance of near-infrared light can increase the energy ef�iciency of a building, reducing the amount of energy needed to cool during summer and heat during winter. If applied widely, such technology would save extensive air-conditioning

energy costs and i m p rove o f � i c e comforts.

2.Anotherapplication is in the automobile industry where it is used to automatically tint rear-view mirrors in various lighting conditions.

3 . I C E 3 h i g h -speed trains use electrochromic

glass panels between the passenger compartment and the driver's cabin.

4. Viologens are being used in the creation of smalldigital displays. In future these displays may r e p l a c e L C D s . Fo r l a r g e - s c a l e s c r e e n s , electrochromic technology would almost certainly be much more economical than plasma screens.

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Have you ever imagined walking through mud puddles without getting your shoes wet or muddy and water literally �lying off coated surfaces? Yes, the scienti�ic community is doing its best to bring this enthusiastic innovation into existence, although Online videos have already caught the public's

imagination. The “Ultra dry coating” sometimes called 'Super-Hydrophobic Coating' is a thin surface layer that repels almost any liquid including water and oil.

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIESTaking advantage of an electrochemical reaction in per-�luoro carboxylic acid solutions, common engineering metals like zinc, iron, aluminum and its alloys can be prevented from water and oil. The super amphibiocity is due to the synergic effect of special surface compositions and microscopic structures. Developed by a simple sol-gel dip-coating method, they possess a sub 100nm roughness, a high water contact angle(>160°) and low sliding angle(<5°).3-Aminopropyltriethoxyl silane(APTEOS) is adopted as an aggregated agent to give nano-coating transparency and Cetyltrimethyloxy silane is used as a modifying agent to render super-hydrophobicity. Nowadays, usage of durable super hydrophobic Zno-Sio2 �ilms is a new approach to enhance abrasion -resistant property of trimethylsilyl functionalised si02.

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APPLICATIONS

This awaited innovation is not just exciting to the common man but also has a wide range of industrial applications in photo-voltaic, automobile windshields and building windows. As soon as, waterfalls on the treated surface, it �lushes away along with other contaminants like dirt and dust. It can be extensively used in the maritime industry to prevent unnecessary growth of marine organisms on ships. It also has the special ability to harvest minerals from seawater brine easily. It can help in keeping electrical equipment and inside of a smart-phone away from moisture. They can also prevent surfaces from corrosion.

The Majority of Super-hydrophobic surfaces have very limited mechanical wear robustness. This problem has restricted their utilization in commercial and industrial applications and thus resulting in extensive research to improve its properties. Although the current state of the art for this technology is hindered, it certainly has a potential future in many industries.

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INTRODUCTION

Metallic glasses are a new class of potential engineering materials that have come into prominence during 1970s. These are glassy in the sense that the atomic arrangement is random, but differ from the conventional glasses in that they are not transparent, are not brittle and do not contain borates, silicates, etc. Metallic glasses offer a wide range of attractive properties, including unique mechanical performance that sometimes leads to exceptional damage tolerance, excellent corrosion resistance, and processing capabilities unparalleled in other metals.

Fig1.Metallicglassasbrazingfoils Fig2.Metallicglassknot

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PROCESS

1. MetallurgicalProcesses: These processes involve the rapid formation of amorphous alloys resultingin the formation of amorphous alloys. The rate of cooling should be suf�iciently rapid through the melting point such that it bypasses the crystal formation and directly reaches the glassy state. The Casting method produces bulk metallic glasses, while the spinning and quenching method produces metallic glass in the form of ribbons. Various metallurgical process for the synthesis of metallic glass are:

1. Mould Casting2. Centrifugal Mould Casting3. Suction Casting4. Cold Rolling5. Splat Quenching6. Melt Spinning

2.MicroTechnologicalProcesses: These processes involve the fabrication of metallic glass alloys in the form of thin �ilms; physical vapor deposition (PVD) including sputtering and evaporation. Due to rapid quenching rate, these processes lead to the formation of amorphous alloys thin �ilms with ease and different composition of the alloys can be processed.

1. Sputter Deposition2. Pulsed Laser Deposition3. Evaporation4. Annealing induced Amorphisation

Fig:RapidQuenchingTechniques

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APPLICATION:1. Chemical Applications: Metallic glasses exhibit remarkable corrosion resistance in a variety of environments. A Fe based glassy alloy (having a high magnetic induction) has been used for high-�ield, high gradient, �iltering systems to remove paramagnetic iron oxides from clays, oils, and waters, that are otherwise colored.

2. Electrical Applications : Since the resistivity of metallic glasses is very sensitive to structure—especially in glasses having a negative TCR, they can be used to monitor structural relaxation.

3. Jewelry Making: The two important material characteristics that are important for jewelry are aesthetic appearance and retention of luster and the brightness or inertness to environment.

4. Biomedical application: For a material to be used as an implant, the metallic material should be biocompatible, inert, and have mechanical properties that are very similar to the part that is being replaced. Ti-based MG alloys have low density, excellent biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance and so they appear to be ideal materials for biomedical applications. Ti-based MG without any toxic elements has been produced.

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IntroductionThe quest for more eco-friendly and energy-ef�icient technologies calls for the development of lightweight structural materials from renewable resources. Nature has long since developed abilities to control the structural features of its building blocks with well-ordered arrangements at the nano- and molecular level. The cell wall layer in wood, for instance, is very strong and stiff, c o n s i s t i n g o f c e l l u l o s e nano�ibrils (CNFs). However, poor adhesion and un-aligned components have prevented researchers from recreating strong materials in macroscale.In the new research, scientists used the so-called '�low assisted assembly' to organise CNFs into a near-perfect alignment within macroscale �ibres. Even the weakest �ibre they created in this way was stronger than other CNF �ibres that have been made before. The macroscale �ibres are stronger than metal, alloys and glass �ibres, while also being stronger and stiffer than dragline spider silk.

TheoryWood cellulose material �iber is a �ibrous additive that extracted from wood pulp and through chopped, neutralized, bleached, crushed and sieved into �inished products with different lengths and thicknesses to suit the needs of different materials and formulations. It can be mixed with powder

m a t e r i a l s s u c h a s cement, gypsum, and l ime to improve the resistance of cracking, water retention and resistance of shrinkage. Schematic drawing of the cellulose �iber in wood. The lamellar structure of the �iber is shown in the left-hand drawing. The alignment of �ibrils in

different cell wall layers is partly illustrated by real AFM images and partly schematically indicated. The cryogenic transmission electron microscopy image in the top middle part illustrates that one of the �ibrils observed in the AFM images of wood �iber consists of bundles of micro�ibrils. These �ibrils

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consist of crystalline and amorphous regions of parallel aligned cellulose molecules. The chemical structure of the cellulose molecule showing the hydrogen bonds between parallel chains, and planes describing the hydrophilic part (left) and the hydrophobic part (right) of the chain are indicated at the bottom of the �igure.

PropertiesWood cellulose �iber has good property of � lexibil ity and dispersibil ity, adding the appropriate amount of wood �iber with different lengths into dry mortar products can enhance the resistance of shrinkage and crack to improve the thixotropy and sag resistance of the product and

prolong the opening time and play a certain thickening effect. It has also thickening and water retention properties. It's anti hanging property is also quite useful.ApplicationsThe material could be useful in many load-bearing applications, such as lightweight biobased composites for cars and bikes, as well as high-performance medical implants. Wood cellulose �iber has been widely used in dry powder mortar, such as the production of tile adhesive, crack-sealer, dry powder coating, interior and exterior wall putty, interface agent, thermal mortar, anti-cracking mortar, waterproof mortar and plastering anhydrite.

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Science Fiction has always paved the way for Modern Age Innovations. In the more than 50 years since the �irst episode of Star Trek was aired in the National Television, fans have been delighted time and again as technologies once existent only on Television channels, starting from Automatic doors to

Tablet computers, are all now part of the real world. Do one remember the “Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home” movie? – there the idea was to transport live humpback whales in a starship, off the Earth, around the Sun and several centuries through time in a special type of Transparent aquarium, which is Ultra-strong enough to withstand 18,000 cubic-feet of water pressure. And it is surprising, that the material which was chosen in the serial, is none other than “Transparent Aluminum” which has now started to emerge in recent years. Structure –Transparent aluminum, also known as aluminum oxynitride, is a transparent polycrystalline ceramic with a cubic spinel crystal structure made of nitrogen, oxygen and aluminum. It is commercially known as ALON

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and is the hardest polycrystalline transparent ceramic available commercially. It is optically transparent in the near-ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is four times harder than fused silica glass, 85% harder than sapphire and 15% harder than magnesium aluminate spinel, and almost three times harder than steel of the same thickness. The material remains solid up to 1200°C. It has good corrosion resistance and resistance to damage from radiation and oxidation. ALON is also radiation resistant and resistant to damage from various acids, bases & water.

Properties -

Production Method -White Aluminum Oxynitride powder is mixed with a sintering additive. It is packed into a mold, which is then subjected to isostatic pressing, in which the mold is compressed in a tank of hydraulic �luid to 15000 psi, which mashes the ALON into grainy “green body”. The grainy structure is then fused together by presintering at 1550 to 1750°C to obtain a cubic-phased polycrystalline aluminum oxynitride ceramic having a relative density of more than 95%. The source powder is again sintered at 1900°C (3452°F) to further increase the relative density of the material. As a result, the porosity is eliminated and the transparency increases to more than 95%.

Applications of Transparent Aluminum -Its combination of optical (optically clear) & mechanical properties (immensely tough & scratch resistant) makes this material a leading candidate for lightweight high-performance transparent armor applications, viz, Bulletproof and blast resistant windows and military infrared optoelectronics. Tests proved that a laminated pane of ALON 1.6” thick can stop a 50-caliber rifle round, something even 3.7” of traditional “bullet-proof” glass can't do. Possessing a cubic spinel structure, it can be fabricated to transparent windows, plates, domes, rods, tubes and other forms using conventional ceramic powder processing techniques. It can provide superior ballistic protection at less than half the weight & thickness over the glass.

Mechanical Thermal Optical· Young’s Modulus 334 GPa

· Shear Modulus 135 GPa

· Poisson Ratio 0.24

· Knoop Hardness 1800 kg/mm 2

· Fracture Toughness 2.0

MPa·m 1/2

· Flexural Strength 0.38–0.7 GPa

· Compressive Strength 2.68 GPa

· Density 3.691–3.696 g/cm3

· Solubility in Water - Insoluble

· Volume Resistivity >1014

· Specific Heat 0.781 J/(g·°C)

· Thermal Conductivity 12.3

W/(m°C)

· Thermal Expansion Coefficient

4.7×10 −6/°C

· Melting Point 2150 °C

· Dielectric Strength 23

· Max Usable temperature 1900 °C

· Refractive Index , nD 1.79

· Lattice Constant a=794.6p m

· Grain size 150 to 250 micron

· Transmission 0.22- 6.0

micron

· Transparency 200-5000 nm

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19TEJAS

Currently the ceramic is manufactured in sizes maximum up to 8 square feet by Surmet Corporation, a manufacturer of advanced material components. As more industries switch to Transparent Aluminum, there is an expectation from the real world that the price of production could drop to a point that makes it more feasible to build facilities capable of creating affordable and larger pieces of ALON in a widespread manner.

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Prof. M K Agrawal

1. Can you please brief us about your schooling and universities?

My schooling was done in Vaishali district and after that I joined B.H.U (presently IIT BHU) in 1971. I graduated from there in 1976. After that, I joined the post graduate programme and completed M.Tech in 1978. Then I joined the PhD programme in BHU itself and continued there up to March, 1980 and thereafter I joined NIT Jamshedpur in April, 1980 as a faculty member..

2. How long have you been in this profession and what encouraged you totake up this profession?

I have been in this profession since the last 40 years in NIT Jamshedpur. From the verybeginning, I had no interest in working in any industry. That is why, after completing B.Techand M.Tech, I joined PhD programme. My aim was to be in teaching profession and not inthe industry, so for that purpose only, I joined the PhD programme and fortunately got a jobin NIT Jamshedpur and after that, completed my PhD from BHU.

3. Having specialized in the field of iron and steel making, do you think itholds promise for further development? What's the future scope inwaste management?

Iron and steel are the backbone of any country. The GDP of any country is going to begoverned by the per capita consumption of iron-steel of any country. In-fact, the per capitaconsumption of iron and steel in India is very low, approx. 70 kg per year per person,

whereas the world average is around 250 kg per year per person and there are somecountries having the per capita consumption of 700-800 kg. If you see the history ofiron-steel, we didn't have any public sector company; there were only private sectorcompanies like Tata Steel and Indian Iron Steel Company as the world port. Later on,during the governance of Pandit Jawaharlal Lal Nehru, he thought about the industrializationof the country as without it, development of country can't be done because every

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Department of Metallurgicaland Materials Engineering,NIT Jamshedpur

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infrastructure requires steel. So future is always there for iron-steel. If we talk about other countries like Japan, Korea, China etc., they don't have their own iron mines, iron ore, cokeor limestone. They import everything and they have the biggest blast furnace in the world. Though number of metals are emerging for special purpose alloy materials, non-ferrous materials and ferrous materials itself, iron-steel is always required for the development of country.

4. What changes have occurred in the department over the years?

Earlier we had only 30 intakes in 1980. In 2006, number of seats increased due to OBCreservation to 92 seats. Presently, because of the EWS which has been implemented, the strength is going to increase up to 110 students and, for that, infrastructure isn't suf�icient. So, keeping that in mind, we have developed a characterization lab in our department which has modern equipment costing up to approximately Rs. 3 crores. This was developedin the last 3-4 years. We are still purchasing a number of equipment. The problem at present is that the labs are going to be developed. A fresh infrastructure is going to be created in different laboratories. You might have seen that major maintenance is going onand once it is complete, purchase is on the pipeline and we will have good equipments here. Another change we have observed is that earlier, we didn't have research scholars b u t n o w w e h ave m o re t h a n 1 5 re s e a rc h s c h o l a r i n o u r d e p a r t m e n t .

5. What are your views on the evolving curriculum of our department overthe years?

Generally, we review the curriculum every three years to cater to the demand of industriesand purchase technology that is going to be there.

6. Could you give some suggestions for the development of our departm- ent in the future?

First of all, we have the shortage of faculty. Out of 32, we have just 12 faculties. Recently, we have advertised for the post, so maybe in March we will have the interviews. In that case, number of faculty members will increase in our department. Due to fewer faculties, we are unable to take large number of scholars and we are not able to publish the good papers in journals. When the number of faculty members increase, the department will have a good opportunity for publications, development and research activities. At present, due to student projects, 7th and 8th semester, students aren't attending the classes properly. They have to be guided to attend the class as classroom teaching is very important too. Large numbers of books are available which students can go through. Even though Google is there now, very small concepts can be understood only when taught in class as a teacher refers several books for teaching. So, students should attend classes regularly – this is important for the development of the department as well as institute.

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10. How far has TEQIP-III been successful in improving our institute's standard of education?

9. What is the most challenging part of budgeting you have encounteredin these years of glorious services?

At present, unfortunately, for the development of institute – whether it be the infrastructureor equipment, we have to take loans from the bank. Government of India is now restrictingthe fund for the development of institutions. For example, to construct buildings,classrooms,hostels or any other infrastructure or equipment, the HEFA ( Higher Education FundingAgency ) are providing loans through the Canada Bank. The problem with that is therepayment of loan amount (parent amount). Interest is being paid by the Government ofIndia but we have to pay the parent amount and the IRJ (Internal Revenue) to this instituteis less. At present, we are somehow managing to make payments through the loan, butmaybe in the future there will be some problems for repayment of loan because IRJ is less.Basically we are getting the IRJ through tuition fees, testing and consultation. Unfortunately,due to the government policy, more than 50% of the fee is refunded to the students whoseparent's income is less than 5lpa. This puts a restriction to the fund. Strength is going toincrease due to EWS, so one boy's hostel of a capacity of 900 and girl's hostel of a capacityof 300 is required. We have already got the approval from board of governors. So total costis approx. Rs. 115 crores for which we have to take loan from the bank. To repay that, wehave to pay Rs.10 lakh crores to the bank in 10 instalments every year. That may be aproblem in the future because revenue generation is going to decrease every time.

7. What message or advice you would like to give our young, aspiringstudents who wish to follow the teaching profession?

Teaching is a good profession. Nowadays, fortunately salary is not less than that beingoffered by software companies and core companies. But in this profession, you have tobe patient. You get many social contacts in this �ield but once you go into the industry,you don't have the social contact. So, I suggest some of the students must come forwardto join this profession.

8.. In addition to being a professor, you are also the registrar of our college. What does this additional responsibility entail?

The post of registrar had been vacant since many years and some professor has to perform this duty. So, I was given this task 4 years back. The most important thing is that once you are in a seat of power, you must know the rules and regulations of the institute as well as the Government of India and you should act impartially. As a registrar, I have to work with the administration section- all the appointments, payments, purchases, planning and development. Without the suggestion of registrar, �ile isn't moved to director's of�ice. On the suggestion of registrar only, the director takes the �inal decision. Hence, the post of registrar is very important with respect to the administrative control of institute.

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We have purchased a number of equipment for the different departments and through the TEQIP-III, we have given scholarships to the PhD students. Due to this, the number of PhD scholars has increased in our institute because scholarship given by government is limited. We are also providing the opportunity to the students as well as to the faculties to go out to other institutes, present their paper and interact with their faculty members.

13.From being state funded to being completely funded by central government, what financial changes have been brought about in college?

At the time of State Government funding, the mode of funding was �ifty-�ifty, i.e. 50 % state government and 50% central government. At that time, central government used to say that �irst take the money from state government and then we will give the remaining. Since the budget was obviously high, the state government was unable to give funds according to our requirement. So, accordingly, the central government was also not releasing the fund. That's why we were always in shortage of funds which caused the slower pace of the development of this institute.Now, because of the loan and other �inancial support, we will progress further.

14.Any suggestions regarding government funding, internal revenue generation and financial operation?

Funding can only be improved by more and more testing consultancy to be carried out by the faculty members. There is no other way because as of today, government isn't going to fund for the infrastructure development. Mostly civil engineering department and mechanical engineering department are going to generate the revenue through the testing and consultancy, but every department has to do it.

11.College has starting funding extra-curricular activities of students recently. Please comment.

Actually we are collecting the funds from students itself for all extra -curricular activities. But some limitations also have to be made.As a registrar, I've found that many a times some misuse of money is there,particularly in cultural activities.Students say that we should provide the total moneyfor their entire expenditure. But we also need to manage the salaries of professors, non-teaching staff etc. within the same budget. Still, all the money is given to students for their expenditure till date.I don't know what will happen in the future but I tried my best to restrict the expenditure.

12.Despite being one of the oldest programmes offered in this institute, the Metallurgical and materials engineering programme was not accorded 'accredited' status this year. Can you please throw some light on the matter?

The most important criteria to apply for accreditation is to have a certain percentage of faculty members. Unless and until we have suf�icient faculty members, we can't apply for the accreditation. A minimum of 50% is required. Hopefully, we will apply for accreditation this year. During 2009-2012, this department was accredited because we had more number of faculty members than required. There is no other problem. Once that is achieved, we will de�initely apply and get it. We have all the infrastructure and equipment that are required for the accreditation.

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Dr Sandip Ghosh Chowdhury

Senior Principal Scientist

National Metallurgical Lab

1. Can you please give us a brief idea about your educational backgroundwhich schools and universities did you attend? What drew you to this fie-ld?

I graduated in the �ield of Metallurgical engineering from Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur and did my Ph.D. from IIT Kanpur in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering. Because of my rank, I got Metallurgy and Chemistry. Since I was not so fond about chemistry, I didn't get into the Chemical branch. Also, at that time, the craze for MBA, MS etc was not there. The craze was mostly for IAS but that requires knowledge of other subjects like history, political science

etc which I didn't like. So that's why I'm in this �ield.

2. What has been your most important scientific finding? Can you give us abrief about it?

I think we're working mostly on the new steel development because we're in the steel city. So, I think some of the new steels which we developed for internally as well as for other sponsors so those are something like national hydropower stations for which we develop the steel. So

that is one of the things that was speci�ic to India.

3. Apart from work, what are your hobbies? Or what do you like to do themost?

Nothing in particular except maybe reading some books, not of the technical kind of course. I read books of different genres, whenever I get something (I don't go to the shop) whatever I �ind there in my home, from my family members, I just pick it up and study that.

4. What projects have you worked on during your career in NML?

One of them is the development of silt erosion resistant steel. The colour of the Ganges isdifferent from that of other rivers because it carries a lot of silt (which is nothing butquartz).In hydropower stations, due to impingement of high quantity of silts, material getsremoved because of erosion. Since the material gets damaged, either you have to refurbishor you need new one, which is a huge component like a room. Since getting a new one isvery costly, we prefer refurbishing it. But these are all generally in the rainy season when

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water is coming in from the river so the water is at the top and since it's in the valley, not at the hill,you have to travel a lot to carry that component of such a huge dimension. So, it would be better to extend the period of using that material without any damage. There'll be some damage

but rather than one particular season, if it can be used for 2 to 3 seasons then they only have to repair after that instead of replacing it repeatedly. So, this way, the downtime is less..

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5.What is the biggest challenge you've faced during your career? How did you overcome it?.

Well, when we joined NML, it wasn't like what it is today. We didn't have mobile phones or WhatsApp at that time like nowadays. We only had letter writing; email had just been introduced. So that's one thing that was good for us is that we could communicate with our friends not by letters, but by emails. But nowadays, everything is just a click away. What we do here is because of our passion for science. If I come up with an idea but other people have already done it and published it before me, then all

the hard work of 6 months or 1 year is of no use anymore because the result has already been publ -ished in a good journal. But quite a good amount of people across the globe are working simultane -ously and numerous projects are being published daily. This is where technology helps us. Now we can just type into the search engine and get instant results on any project or article that is being wo - rked upon.

Also, India never had sophisticated or advanced equipment; even inventions were not there before. But now, we have a lot of inventions and lots of nice equipment; may be not in NML but in

other parts of India it's there, so you can access those and book them online .

Nowadays, logistics is also quite good. So, you can travel, stay there sometimes and get the work done. Because of improved communication system, you can discuss with other people there so that broadens your horizons too. This way we can approach others because sometimes we work as sp-onsorship and somebody else will see my work and if they are interested, they can employ my work. So, people can look at the website and know what kind of work is being done at NML and approach us..

6.As we know that a lot of students from the field of metallurgy and materialsscience land up in a non-core company or there is a cliché career selectionby the students like MBA or Civil Services, etc. So, can you please tell us wh-at are the various opportunities and future scopes in our field so that the yo-ung minds can get broadened?

In our time also, the core sector didn't have many opportunities, like in the 1990's, the softwa-re companies came up but now again there is a stagnancy. But being in metallurgy, we don'tlearn mathematics as well as other branches do whereas mathematics has a lot of role to playbecause nowadays everything comes in a software package. Nowadays we use AI for heattreatment also; for example, we know about the Ac3 temperature in iron carbon diagram. Butif I add other elements, what will happen to Ac3? If I add another 2 or more elements, we haveno idea what'll happen. So, someone does the heat treatment and prepare model alloys tocheck the result. You can come up with a lot of data with AI and machine learning as they co-me up with equations like carbon in pig iron or Arrhenius temperature are weighting factorsfor each element, so AI can come up with equations foe these. So yes, we're using softwarebut in a different format.

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A new �ield is coming up, ICME, i.e. Integrated Computational Materials Engineering. With this we'll be able to simulate the atomic, microscale, macroscale and the component level, mesoscale. It's dif�icult because we metallurgists do not have a lot of computational skills but people working on that, especially on the micro-, macro- and meso-scale. So basically, it's a simulation. If we need to know the properties of a material, we use ICME and do the required processing to �ind out its composition. By this route, I'll be using only 5 to 6 windows, maybe 2

to 3 processing schedules, then I'll give it you for further development. So, rather th -an 10 to 15 experiments by trial and error, I'll proceed like this and get results. So, that's the aim of the ICME concept.

Plus, nobody is working on Mineral Processing nowadays. No metallurgy students are intere -sted to go into this line except those who get jobs in Tata Steel etc. even though there are a lot of prospects in this �ield. Nowadays, since government is thinking about the environment, we too need to think about the mining of heavy metals which we use and are present in our PC, mobile phones, batteries etc. We require all those things and now, because the political

scenario is changing, China has lot of rare earth so they control everything from global econo -my to batteries. So, if they control everything, what will happen to India? Will we always dep -end on them? There is a �ight between America, Japan and China; all because they tried to have non rare earth-based magnets (magnetic materials are very important; you require it in every �ield these days - electric vehicles are one of its important aspect). So, how can one do

urban mining? So, those who are good in sustainable mining will rule after sometime. Recen -tly, research has been done on the Si batteries and whether they can replace Li because we don't have too much Li and the upgradation of Li is also very dif�icult as we have to get it from

LiCl. This is also a kind of electrolysis and that is an energy intensive process. For this reason, people are trying to shift and use the other sources. So, this certainly has a bright prospect.

7.Being a scientist, a lot of people have worked with you, be it as a part-timeintern or a project assistant. How do you manage to build a good rapportwith them and what advice do you always impart with them?

They keep in touch with me, even after they leave Jamshedpur or NML, so that's how I trackthem. I advise them that whatever work they're doing should be of the best quality, whetheryou go for IAS or MBA or other things, they should be giving their best in that so that they canexcel in their �ield. There's no meaning in doing something just for the sake of doing it.

8.What are the untouched areas in the field of metallurgy that are promising for upcoming researchers to explore?

Exploration in sustainable manufacturing, mining etc.- how to create lean ores or to re�ine the lean ores into a concentrate in a cheaper way or in a not so energy extensive process. We ha -ve a lot of open mines, so there are a lot of �ines. How to utilize those �ines? Because that is a challenge from the point of view of mining industry.

From our point of view, untouched areas include making of materials – structural materials,

other plastics etc. For example, it is very dif�icult to make Magnesium as a �lat product (sheet), so if somebody can make easily sheet of Mg it'll be good for us or very high temp materials which we require the spacecrafts. No research is being done on plastics or polymers currently in NML.

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9.What message would you like to give to our students?.

I think that they should listen and learn, not for marks only. Of course, if you get good grades, you can take advantage of that but knowledge is one of the things which you should concep -tualise. If you have the concept then you can put it in any place and you can utilize that know -ledge wherever you work, whether it is in an Aluminium industry or even at Managerial level, these small things will help you to build up your career.

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Prachi Jayaswal

1. Firstly Why MBA, why a student should pursue MBA?Though each person has his own reason and motivation for pursuing MBA, I feel that

MBA gives you a larger picture of how different businesses function. The courses in a MBA program are designed in such a fashion that not only helps you learn about differentstrategies that organisation follow, but also how you can contribute to the success and

growth of the organisation you are part of.

2. When did you start preparing for CAT exam? What was your overallprep strategy?

CAT has three sections- Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehension (VA-RC), Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning (DI & LR) and Quantitative Ability (QA). For VA-RC, I attempted the RC passages �irst and then moved to the VA questions. ( It's just that I found solving passages easier; depending on your comfort level, you can have your own strategy) For DI & LR section, I tried solving 5+ sets (that can easily help you score a 99+ percentile in that section). QA is a relatively easier section for engineers, so one must try to attempt as many questions as possible with very high accuracy.

3. Does academics and co-curricular activities matter for gettingadmission in good institutes?

Yes, both academics and co-curricular activities are important to some extent. Many

B-schools have some marks allotted speci�ically for academics. You may also have a good discussion on Co-curricular activities in your interview.

4. What are the courses offered by the MBA colleges? How the executiveMBA is different?

Batch of 2K15

IIM Bangalore

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Apart from the regular two-year full time MBA , B-schools offer one-year fulltime MBA, two-year weekend MBA, MBA in Business Analytics, Master of Management Studies (Public Policy), Ph.D., etc.

Executive MBA requires you to necessarily have a minimum of 4- 5 years of experience whereas no such eligibility criterion is there for regular MBA programs.

IIM Bangalore has some of the best professors in the country. Each course brings with it endless amount of knowledge. Also, because of their admission criteria, you �ind a lot more people with work experience and different backgrounds at IIM Bangalore as compared to other IIMs. This gives you an opportunity to learn a lot from your peers. They bring in different perspectives in any discussion, be it in class or group projects..

5. How is the College life and study environment in IIM BANGALORE?

6. Apart from CAT Score what other criteria are necessary for getting admission in IIM Bangalore?

For getting a call for interview from IIM Bangalore, apart from your CAT score, your class 10th, 12th and B.Tech. scores are taken into consideration. There are some points for work experience and gender diversity as well. For �inal admissions, interview and Written Ability Test (WAT) marks, CAT score, Class 10th,12th, B.Tech. marks and some points that the interviewer gives based on relevant work experience, are considered.

7.How to crack the interview and related questions asked in interview after getting call from IIM BANGALORE?

Interviews at IIM Bangalore are mostly based on the Statement of Purpose (SOP) that one is asked to submit after you get a call for the interview. So, ensure that your SOP mentions the motivation behind pursuing a MBA and is well-structured. It should cover areas that the interviewers may �ind interesting. This can not only drive the interview in a certain direction but also differentiate you from other candidates to some extent. Apart from your SOP, you can be asked questions based on your summer internships and projects, your undergraduate branch, extra-curricular activities, positions of responsibilities undertaken or your views on some economic or political issues.You are not required to know everything, but just ensure that you know what you have written in your SOP and the work you have done.

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I will be interning with an investment bank and I would say that all the projects that I have worked on, and the knowledge that I have gained in my four years of stay at NIT Jamshedpur, has played a very big role in helping me get that opportunity.

8.

At IIM Bangalore, the various roles that are offered during placements (summer, lateral or �inal) are in �inance, general management, sales and marketing, business analytics, consulting, IT/product management, operations, retail and e-commerce.

What are the placement and internship opportunities available in IIM Bangalore?

9.How has your four years at NIT Jamshedpur helped you in your summerplacements?

8.What are the placement and internship opportunities available in IIM Bangalore?

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INTERVIEWS

Shubham Kumar

1.What was the motive behind you appearing for GATE exam?

As a metallurgist I have keen interest in core and for that gate exam is the way because it provides various options like M.tech from IITs and various public sectors companies are also recruiting through GATE.

2.When did you start preparing for GATE exam?

From 5th semester onwards I have started my preparations but with this I wanted to give a suggestion do take the college syllabus seriously because it almost touches entire syllabusof GATE in this way one do not have restart from beginning.

The original syllabus for GATE MT was given in GATE website follow that sequentially fromthe standard books.The sequence of subjects which is to be followed may vary from person to person but keep practicing the previous year questions.

3. What was the sequence in which you prepared the subjects?

4.Which subjects according to require more practice and which subjects need to be read from standard textbooks?

In this era of competition one need to give equal stress to each and every topic because exam now a days are very much unpredictable so give equal attention to every topics.

5.What is the role of mock tests in GATE exam? How many mock tests did you attempt?

Mock tests give you the platform similar to the gate examination and also makes you aware about the time management. Overall one can say it give idea about your level of preparation for the GATE exam. I have given around 15 mock tests which I have started 2 months before exam.

Batch of 2K15

GATE - AIR 11

BARC

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7.How did you keep the subjects fresh in your memory the entire time?What was your strategy for revision in the last few months?

Always try to make notes of what you are studying and keep revising the notes at thesame time keep practising the questions of the topic which you have read,it will help youto remember the concept.As we all know that in gate the syllabus is huge so for the last few months try to make notes of the topic in one or two pages it will not only save your time

but it will reduce your exam pressure and increase your con�idence .

6. For GATE MT standard books are enough for completing the syllabus. You can go through the testseries of various institutes like testurself , careeravenues. The standard books for various subjects are:-·M aterial science : Callister , V Raghavan

· T hermo: Upadhya and dubey, Gaskell , B S Murty sir's lectures·P hysical metallurgy: vijendra singh and refer some other books like Porter, BD cullity( XRD) etc..for some topics.·M echanical metallurgy: Dieter·E xtractive: h s ray·M anufacturing: nptel of IIT Roorkee.

Which study material and standard books would you recommend for GATE Aspirants in each subject?

8.How did you motivate yourself for such a long journey towards GATE?

My interest in metallurgy and seeing myself in top rankers of the Gate was the motivation forme for this long journey.

9.How did you go about attempting the paper? How did you distribute timeamong various sections?

Try to be refreshed before attempting the paper. Try to give the testseries at the time sameas the actual examination,it will make your brain work better in that 3 hour time. Try to solvethe single marks questions �irst then give full time to 2 marks question.

10.What is the success mantra that you would like to give to other GATEaspirants?

Gate is the exam which require hard work in smarter way so prepare honestly according to the pattern and you will de�initely get success.

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Avnish Kumar

1.What was the motive behind you appearing for GATE exam?

At �irst, I was placed in a non-core company and then realised that core �ield is the best for me (be it for higher studies or placement in PSUs). So, cracking GATE was the best option at that time for me.

2.When did you start preparing for GATE exam?

I started my preparations in the month of September, i.e, 4 months before GATE.

For preparing anything, you �irst need to know your strengths and weaknesses. The easiest way to �ind it, is by solving previous year questions. After knowing my area of concern, Istarted reading concepts from standard textbooks related to that. I read every topic precisely according to the syllabus provided for the GATE.

3. What was the sequence in which you prepared the subjects?

4.Which subjects according to require more practice and which subjects need to be read from standard textbooks?

The subjects from which numerical questions come require consistent practice, e.g., engineering mathematics, �luid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, deformation of materials and manufacturing. Topics like physical metallurgy, corrosion, mechanical metallurgy need to be read from standard textbooks.

5.What is the role of mock tests in GATE exam? How many mock tests did you attempt?

Mock tests are very important as you get a reality check of your preparations. You get to know your strengths and weaknesses in different topics and you can prepare accordingly. In the month of January, I attempted around 10 full tests of TEST URSELF and my scores ranged from 65-80 out of 100 in these tests. Apart from this, I had attempted previous year question papers keeping the time frame in mind(maximum 2.5 hrs per question paper)..

Batch of 2K15

GATE - AIR 20

TATA Steel

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7.How did you keep the subjects fresh in your memory the entire time?What was your strategy for revision in the last few months?

I used to solve previous year questions regularly and read concepts related to the questionswhich I failed to solve. I made notes which had all the formulas from which the questionscame and every day after waking up in the morning I read the complete notes which took an hour or so. I started doing this in the month of December.

6.

These are the standard books which I followed:Mechanical metallurgy: G.E DieterCorrosion: William J CallisterPhysical Metallurgy: William J CallisterEngineering mathematics: BS GrewalFluid Mechanics: RK BansalHeat and Mass Transfer: RK RajpootHeat treatment: Rajan and SharmaCasting: Manufacturing technology vol1, PN Rao,Welding: Nptel videos-Joining technology for metals by Dr. DK Dwivedi.Thermodynamics: David R Gaskell for theoretical concepts, Upadhyay and dube for solving numerical problems.Non DestructiveTesting: You tube videos from channel “MaterialScience2000”.Phase Transformation: Metallurgy-Advanced metallurgical-Nptel lectures from BS Murty.Extractive Metallurgy: Hs RayIronmaking & Steel Making: Tupkary

Which study material and standard books would you recommend for GATE Aspirants in each subject?

8.How did you motivate yourself for such a long journey towards GATE?

I wanted to give my best in the �ield of metallurgy and for me, GATE was the only option at that point of time. .

9.How did you go about attempting the paper? How did you distribute timeamong various sections?

At �irst, I attempted questions from general aptitude which were quite easy then I moved onwith the one-mark question. The questions to which I didn't know the answer of were markedfor review and I moved on. The 2-mark questions which required a lot of calculation wereattempted at last. I solved the complete paper in 2hours and spent the last hour on checkingall my answers. I tried to solve all the numerical questions(NAT) which I had no clue of, in thelast hour.

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10.What is the success mantra that you would like to give to other GATEaspirants?

The strategy which I have discussed above was my style of preparation and it is not necessary that will work for everyone. In my �irst three years of college, I had attended almost all the lectures related to the core subjects. Those lectures too , played an

important role in my preparations and saved a lot of time during revisions.One should see the trend of the topics from which the questions come regularly and focus on those

concepts. For instance, questions from extractive metallurgy are rare and even if they come, they are very basic questions so I did not spend any time reading the topics from extractive metallurgy. The aspirants should have their hands set on the online calculator which is provided in the examinations as it saves a lot of time. While preparations one

should keep discussing their doubts with the fellow aspirants .

I believe that the aspirants should not be perturbed by the magnitude of the examination. If you are thorough with the concepts, then scoring 70 above is pretty easy. One should avoid making silly mistakes and to overcome this, attempt as much mock tests as possible.

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Ashwini Kumar

1. In mind over matter there are 2 stages in the 1st stage will we submitdetailed solution or abstract of that challenge?

Ashwini - The �irst round requires your overall approach to the problem. The abstract should contain information about the problem statement and what is your idea for solving it. The abstract can be submitted in word, pdf or ppt formats.

Anish - For the �irst stage, you have to work on the abstract but if after going through various papers You come up with a solution then present it as your insight that will give you an edge over other.

2. What will be the approach to make our solution better?

Ashwini - The solution can be improved by reading papers which are directly as well asindirectly related to the problem presented. It can also be improved by talking to industry personnel to get a better understanding of the subject matter.

Anish - Making your solution better solely depends on your literature survey i.e. the number of relevant papers you study.

3. Approximately how many teams are selected for 2nd stage?

Ashwini - One team is selected for each of the problem statement given. Season 6 had 11 problem statements, so a total of 11 teams were selected.

Anish - One team is selected for each of the problem statement given. Season 6 had 11 problem statements, so a total of 11 teams were selected.

Anish Barnwal

Batch of 2k16

Intern at TATA Steel

Third rank in MINDOVER MATTER

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4. Every year only 3 problems are solved by youth, will the remainingproblem be add in the next year or each year problems will be different?

Ashwini - Generally, problems are not repeated over the years. This is a misconception that only 3 problems are solved each year. Even the teams who did not win the

competition do some exceptional work which may be patented or implemented on a larger scale.

Anish - Well it's not that only 3 problems are solved. Each team comes with their solutions but only three teams are selected depending on the ir presentation, work plan, innovative ideas etc.

5.For stage 1st from which websites we can get relative data?

Ashwini - As always Google is your best friend here. Sites like Google Scholar, Scopus

etc. do a lot of the heavy lifting for you and prove to be a nexus to a great wealth of information.

Anish - Google scholar, scopus.

6.Will pointer play an important role?

Ashwini - As far as I know pointer is not a criteria for selection, it is the idea and way of presentation that matters.

Anish - No, pointer doesn't play any role for Mind Over Matter competition. Everyone should stick to their problem solving methods rather than thinking of pointer.

7.To whom we will submit the detailed solution or abstract of that challenge?

Ashwini - All information regarding the procedures can be found over at Tata Steel's Mind Over Matter website. The link for submission will also be present there when the

next iteration of the program starts.

Anish - All this information including the link for submission are easily available over Tata steel's mind over matter website

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Mansi

1. How to apply for internship at BARC?The application for BARC isn't something one can get done in a semester per se.By checking their website regularly and knowing what mode of application they areaccepting for that particular year one can get a brief idea.

2. Do they accept application throughout the year or during certainperiod of time?

No, they don't. It's for a certain period of time during even semesters.

3. In which semester can we apply?

6th semester. 3rd year onwards are eligible as of 2018.

4. What are the documents required to be submitted?

Depends on what they ask. They can ask for documents to back up your academic achievements.

5. Do they take interview also?

Yes, depending on your department and whose taking you under them. Overall allocation is usually done but certain projects might want one.

6. Is there any accommodation and stipend given by BARC?

No, sadly no accommodation. No stipend for B.Tech.

Batch of 2K16

Intern at BARC

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7. For how many months this internship is carried on?

They appreciate a minimum of 2 months. But project have duration longer than

that hence B.Tech college attending students have a tough time following up with it till the end.

8.Is there any criteria related to CGPA requirement? If yes, then what is the minimum CGPA required to apply for internship at BARC?

Yes and no, you should be thorough with your core, and a decent 8.5 (±2 or more ) usually depicts that. However, certain extra achievements or experience to back up your knowledge of core in case you got a low CGPA wouldn't go unnoticed.

9.What are the best fields for the students of metallurgical engineering to choose for this internship?

They have all sorts of work going on, so the best �ield would be what the student is passionate about, or you think you'd be willing to pursue in future.

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Teena Chhatria

1. How should we prepare to get internship at tata metaliks? Prepare in advance for written test which will be preliminary round consisting of quant, LR, verbal and technical. Improve your communication skills and keep yourself abreast with current affairs, latest technological advances to showcase well in GD. Make atleast two core subjects very strong for facing interview round. Also brush up with your projects well ,if done any.

2. How did you performe in group discussion?What was your topic for GD?

The topic of gd was –“Is India ready to go cashless economy.” It was totally unstructured and lasted for about 10 mins. We were a group of about 10-12 people from where only two students were shortlisted for next round. It's very unpredictable round where mass elimination is common. All you need is to practice it well to outshine others.

3.How many stages does the selection process comprise of?Can you brief them all?

There were 3 stages- written, GD and PI.Written was an online test conducted by AMCAT.The question were quite moderate however , practice is strongly recommended. Buildbasics and foundations of core subjects like physical and mechanical metallurgy,Manufacturing ,heat treatment etc. Memorise important engineering alloys and surfacehardening treatments for written technical round. Be well-versed in your communicationskills and rehearse well for gd. Be technically sound and con�ident with core subjects toface interview..

Batch of 2K16

Intern at TATA Metaliks

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4.How should we prepare for group discussion ?On which topic or sectionshould we lay more emphasis?

Read, read and read. Be aware of latest happenings around the globe. During Gd, try to grab the attention of judges by active involvement throughout the discussion. Display your abstract thoughts and try to draw references to different situations by citing various examples. Speak loudly, clearly and avoid super�icial talk. Topics can vary from wide range of issues but focus more on trending and past GD topics. It could be a topic on current events, business or any controversial items. For e.g Digital India, Aadhar database, liberalization ,privatization, terrorism etc.

5. Can u please share the experience of your interview?

It was more of a technical round than HR. After basic introduction, questions related to my favourite subjects and past projects were asked. I can say this was not so easy round as few questions were from out of blue topics. However if you have in-depth knowledge of your subject ,you can easily tackle it. Here I would suggest not to make any random guesses while answering as it can make negative impression on interviewer. Take time , think properly , then answer.

6. Can you please tell us about whether the interview was technicalround or HR round?What were are technical questions that youwere asked?

The round was more technically-oriented. The questions asked were from dislocation theory(dislocation sources, their intersection ) , strengthening mechanisms ,fracture

and Material testing.

7. How many students were selected for this internship?

Two students were selected.

8.Did they provide you any stipend?If yes,then how much?

Yes ,the stipend was 20k per month.

9.For how many months did you work?

Two months

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10. Can you please share your experience about the workplace,working environment and the mentor,who guided you throughout this project?

TML has good and relaxed working environment with awesome work culture. The work life balance is great and being a mini sector it is a best place to learn and grow which gives lots of exposures to any metallurgist about various units. In addition, it has a recreational space which helped me to stay motivated and refreshed throughout the day and made the internship enjoyable.

I worked under Mr. P .Daniel Kumar ,General Manager , PI Division who constantly supervised and directed me in given project .Also, there was lot of support from senior management , HR Dept. who helped me in every bit of process during internship tenure.

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Shrutika Shukla

Batch of 2k16

Intern at TATA Steel

Saziya Ahasan

Women Of Mettle

1. Will you please give us a brief about your educational background?

Saziya - I did my schooling from Guru Gobind Singh Public School. And then now Iam a student of Nit Jamshedpur.

Shrutika - I did my 10th in 2014 and 12th in 2016 from Rajendra Vidyalaya (ICSE Board) Jamshedpur. Presently I am in my �inal year, pursuing B.Tech in Metallurgical

and Materials Engineering from NIT Jamshedpur.

2. Can you give us an idea about the WOMEN OF METTLE scholarship andits eligibility criteria?

Saziya -

Shrutika - Seeking bright young minds that can rise to a technical challenge, Women

Of Mettle gives students the opportunity to experience real life technical

challenges in the steel industry and gain access to Tata Steel's senior

management who act as tutors and mentors.

Eligibility criteria:

Women studying in 2nd year of B. Tech in Computer science/ IT / Electrical /

Electronics / Mechanical / Metallurgy / Mining / Industrial Engineering / Mining

Machinery / Mineral Processing / Chemical / Civil Engineering / Ceramic

Engineering / Production Engineering in the T School

Should have 60% or equivalent in Class 10th & 12th.

T

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Women of scholarship is basically for the female students of 2nd year so as to give them exposure to the real industrial problems. It also aims at providing direct job offers to Top 20 students and internship offers to the selected candidates(Top 50 in the 2nd session when we participated). In this around 50 colleges across India can participate which is selected by Tata steel. Any female student of 2nd year who is among 25% of the particular stream students can participate.

45

o remain eligible for scholarship, she need to rank amongst top 25% for the

respective stream with no backlogs.

3. What is the basis of shortlisting the applicant for 1st round and thenfinalizing top 10 after case challenge round?

Saziya - In 1st round you will be selected on the basis of online written test which

comprises questions based of your own domain(stream) up till the syllabus of 2nd year and few questions maybe asked from basic iron and steel making topics. Also personality test was a part of this round.

After this round top 50 students are selected and they are given individual case studies and a speci�ic duration of 1.5 to 2 months to solve this. They are also given mentors who are inTata steel and we can contact then through email or phone. They help us to understand the real situation and what exactly the case demands from us.

Shrutika - The �irst round was an online written round.Basically the questions were

from the core subjects.The second round which was the Grand Finale was a live presentation round in front of the delegates of Tata Steel. Selection in the

�inal round depends on your presentation skills, solutions to the case challenge, and how con�idently you answer the questions asked by the judges.

Presentation takes place in 2 rounds. In 1st round only we get to know the top 10 selected students and they are directly given the job opportunities along with 2 months summer internship at Tata steel and also cash scholarship of 2 lakhs.Rest all were given 2 months internship from where they can grab a job

offer by performing well during the internship period.

In the 2nd round we get the top 3 �inalists who are awarded with extra gifts and trophies.

4. Does this exam require any extra preparation, apart from the coursebeing taught in college? If yes, how the 1st and 2nd year students canprepare themselves for the same?

Saziya - No not really you just have to be through with the syllabus of 1st and 2nd year for the 1st round. In 2nd round since you have to work on case study, what you need to study depends on the topic you are provided with. It basically range from iron and steel making topics only.

In my opinion for preparing study the basics because we generally learn the tough questions but fail when the questions are easier. As for case study you will get ample of time to study the literature before actually solving it. But if you have time go though the iron and steel making topics before only.

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Shrutika - No extra preparation is required. Study your core subjects thoroughly and keep your basics and fundamental knowledge of metallurgy crystal clear.

5. As you were among Top 10 finalist in WOMEN OF METTLE season- 2,what do you feel as the most challenging aspect in journey of beingWOMEN OF METTLE? Can you tell us in brief that how did youovercome that challenge?

Saziya - I was not in the top 10, actually not even in top 30. I was in top 50 students so I was asked to come in direct interview round when the company will visit the campus.It was called PPI(pre placement interview). But, later I got to know at

the end of semester that they are proving internships to all the top 50 candidates. For me the challenging part was to wait for the interview because the company didn't visit our campus for our branch. Also, it was the end of 5th semester and only thing I was con�ident was my technical knowledge not about the other section which are required for any written exam. So I literally wanted to grab this internship so that I can rectify my mistakes and then grab a job with Tata steel which I missed after not being in top 10. The next challenge was to excel during\the internship period because the competition was huge then. You just don't have to perform well but better than others and the only thing you can do is to

trust your guide and outperform his expectations. They only want candidates who can do what they think is not easy and belive me it isn't but is possible of you are

determined to give your 200%.

Shrutika - The most challenging part is the second round i.e., the case challenge round. Understand the problem stateme nt properly and then approach towards the solutions. Do not jump into conclusions, do proper analysis and then deal with the problems.

6. Which of your skills, technical or otherwise, have helped you most?

Saziya - The only thing I can mention here is my ability to learn anything new very fast . It's because the things were quite different there and my technical knowledge is

very less as compared to the requirements but if you want to learn you will always get people ready to help. You should have good communication and presentation

skills rest all you can easily learn. Also I was good at iron and steel making subjects and since it's a steel company you will get these topics only.

Shrutika - For the �irst round, build deep and proper knowledge of your core subjects and for the �inal one apart from knowledge be con�ident about what you are doing is the key to success.

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Saziya - I haven't decided yet but I want to continue in this sector only.

7. What is your next goal?

Shrutika - I am looking forward to join Tata Steel.

8.

Saziya - If you really want something to happen do whatever it takes to achieve it. You may have sleepless nights for days and weeks but at the end it all pays off. And even if you don't get the best of what you want you will always get the second best. Never get discouraged even when you fail because you might get a bigger success so keep going. .

What valuable advice would you like to give our students?

Shrutika - All in all it was a great experience for me.I learnt that keeping yourself focussedand having faith in yourself can make you achieve anything you want in life.

All the best!!

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Uday Keshri

1.Can you give the readers brief information about Tata Autocomp?

Tata Autocomp is an auto parts manufacturing company whose head of�ice in Pune and other branches of the company is spread all over India. Various parts manufactured by Tata Autocomp include; radiators, dashboards, composite parts, engine case, etc. The customers of Tata Autocomp are Mahindra & Mahindra, Tata Motors, Volvo, Eicher, etc.

2.What is the selection procedure for getting an internship at Tata Autocomp? Is there any CGPA constraint?

The selection procedure includes shortlisting of top 5 students from metallurgy branch according to the aggregate of 10th & 12th marks along with CGPA of up to current semester. After this group discussion is conducted in which teams of 8-10 members of different branches are present. The students shortlisted have to go for personal interview. Based on the performance in GD and PI student is �inally selected for PPO.

Mainly you will be grilled on your project if you have done one, else the questions will befrom HR domain as no metallurgical domain interviewer is present in the panel. So, betterbe con�ident on whatever you say and try to justify each of your answer.

3. What are the topics that have more weightage during written and PI rounds? Can you suggest the readers some relevant sources from where they can prepare?

4.What was the duration and location of the internship? Was it a paid one?

The internship location was in Pune where you will be assigned one among the 13 business unit which are located at different parts of Pune city. A stipend of Rs- 12000/month was paid and it was of two months duration.

Batch of 2K16

Intern at TATA Autocomps

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7.Does the company provide PPO?

Yes, the company provides PPO based on your performance which is being assessed twice in a month at the group head of�ice.

5.

My project was in R&D department of Tata Autocomp which was related to the problem faced during microstructural analysis of stainless steel part of engine cooling system. It was a live project on problem being faced by one of the business units (Tata Toyo Radiators).

Can you share a summary of the project?

8.Any other advice or strategy that you would like to share with thereaders.

The GD topics are majorly from new trends in automobile sector so aspirants shouldprepare accordingly and being con�ident during PI will give an edge for sure.

6.As an intern how your experience and what was were the challengesyou faced?

It was a good experience as an intern in Tata Autocomp. I got exposure and learnt the waysa corporate �irm works along with getting my technical knowledge enhanced by workingunder talented mentor who are great players in their �ield. Overall it was a life time memoryfull of enjoyment and studies both.

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51TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

1.InstituteSummer Training – CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML)

Metallurgical & Materials Engineering:

Research and developments at National Metallurgical Laboratory focuses on Minerals, Metals and Materials. Throughan arsenal of state of the art facilities and infrastructure , and on the strength of its expertise, NML has evolved into a premier Indian organisation in stated areas .It has to its credit hundreds of mineral be ne�iciation protocols, numerous strategic and substitute alloy developments,several industrial solutions especially in remaininglife assessment, material selection and property enhancement.

About the Internship:CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML) is providing vacational training in summer for undergraduate students for a minimum period of 4 weeks.

Who can apply:Only those candidates can apply who:

-are available for full time (in-of�ice) internship-are availablefor duration of 1 monthhave relevant skills and interests.

Other Requirements:Student enrollred in third year of either Metallurgical Engineering.Chemical Engineering, Mineral Engineering or Engineering Physics are eligible for the training program..

Additional Information:Please note that the start date has not been mentioned in the of�icial post.

52 TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

2.InstituteInternships – International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials(ARCI) Hyderabad

OverviewARCI conducts full time Summer Research Programme (SRP) for about 60 students every year. Training is given on some of the selected research areas relevant to ARCI’s ongoing R&D programmes.

EligibilityStudents who have completed their 2nd/3rd year of BE/B.Tech or �irst

year of M.Tech./M.E./M.Sc. or or equivalent are eligible to apply.

LocationInternational Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) ,Hyderabad

Duration45-60 days during May-JuneMarch

3.InstituteRaman Research Institute, Bangalore

OverviewIt aims at offering research experience to students who are presently pursuing their undergraduateor Masters’ studies. During the period of the visit, the student will work closely with at leastone staff member of the institute on a suitable project, or on a part of a project, as appropriate.

53TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

4.InstituteIISER Kolkata Summer Student Research ProgramOverviewIISER Kolkata conducts to provide the students ofinstitutions or universities across India an opportunityof exposure to a research environment byassociating them with one of the research groups ofIISER during the summer vacation.

EligibilityBE/B.Tech, B.Sc/BS, M.Sc/MS students can apply.LocationIISER KolkataDuration2 months (May -July)

5.InstituteTh e MitacsGlobalink Research Internship is a competitive initiative for international undergraduates from Australia, Brazil, China, France, India, Germany, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Ukraine.

OverviewEach year, top-ranked applicants participate in a research internship under the supervision of Canadian university faculty members in a variety of academic disciplines, from science, engineering and mathematics to the humanities and social sciences.

EligibilityHave a minimum of one semester and a maximum of three semesters remaining in their program before applying and other valid documents required

LocationUniversities in CanadaP78

Duration12 weeksDuring May –September

54 TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

6.InstituteCharpak - Research Internship Program

OverviewThis program is designed for all students of economics, engineering and natural science background at the Bachelor’s or Master’s levels planning to pursue training at a French laboratory during their academic break

EligibilityCandidate be in possession of an admission/acceptance letter from a French laboratory where the research internship will be carried out.

LocationUniversities in FranceDurationMay-July

7.InstituteWorking Internships in Science and Engineering (WISE) - DAAD

OverviewThe programme targets Indian students pursuing a degree in the �ields of science and engineering who wish to do a research internship at a publicly-funded German higher education institution or a research institute.

EligibilityThey should be enrolled in programmes which can be classi�ied under the broad �ields of engineering, mathematics and natural sciences and they should be in the 5th or 6th academic semester of a 4-year Bachelor’s programme.

LocationUniversities in Germany

DurationMay-August

55TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

8. InstituteSN Bose Scholars Program

OverviewSN Bose Scholars Program is a very prestigious and sought after international (foreign) internship program that can help you get a fully funded (paid) research internship at one of the best American universities. It is a joint initiative between the Science & Engineering Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) and WINStep Forward. The program is named in honor of Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), a visionary Indian physicist best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s. The class of particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics, Bosons, was named after him.

EligibilityThose who are currently (at the time of applying) are in the 2nd year of their 4 year Engineering degrees can also apply but the target audience is pre-�inal year Bachelor and Masters students (those graduating in 2020) and they will be preferred.In addition, as per instructions from IUSSTF, only top two rank holders from each department can apply for SN Bose Scholars Program. The departments from each college can nominate 2 of their best students from each discipline for the program. Two applications per stream, per department, per institute. For this purpose, for example, the usual two years Masters in Physics and Integrated Masters in Physics may be counted as 2 different streams and 2 different applications.In case these two top two rank holders do not apply, then others can apply.Almost every branch of Engineering is included and Science students can also apply except the students having a Biology background

LocationAmerican universities

DurationMay-July

56 TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

9. InstituteIIT Madras Summer Internship Program

OverviewThe IIT Madras Summer Internship Program of two months with stipend (Rs. 6000/- permonth) is designed to enhance awareness and interest in high quality academic research among young Engineering, Science, Management and Humanities students through a goal orientedsummer mini-project undertaken at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras.

Eligibility3rd year students of BE/B.Tech/B.Sc./Integrated ME/M.Tech programs, 1st year students of M.Sc./MA/MBA with outstanding academic background in terms of high ranks in university examinations can apply for this IIT Madras Summer Internship Program.

LocationIIT Madras.

Duration2 months. Schedule may be �lexible to suit the student’s convenience.

10. InstituteNIT Surathkal

OverviewNIT Surathkal is conducting a summer internship program for students of Engineering, Science, Management (MBA) and Humanities this year. Under this NIT Surathkal internship program (NITK-SIP), students will get to work on mini-projects under the mentorship of NITK Surathkal’s faculties during the coming summer vacations.

57TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

EligibilityStudents who are presently completing the third year (or sixth semester) of their BE/B.Tech degree, and also those who are completing the �i rst year (or second semester) of their ME/M.Tech/M.Sc./MBA (in summer 2018) are eligible to apply for this NIT Surathkal internship program.

LocationNIT Surathkal

Duration30-45 days

11.InstituteIIT Kanpur (SURGE, IIT Kanpur)

OverviewUnder the SURGE IIT Kanpur program, students undertake short duration, but focused research projects. SURGE stands for Students Undergraduate Research Grant for Excellence Program. SURGE program for Non IIT Kanpur Students at IIT Kanpur: Under this IIT Kanpur internship, Non IIT Kanpur students will be eligible to apply for summer projects at IIT Kanpur. This year SURGE is open for all colleges.

EligibilityNon-IIT Kanpur students from below are eligible to apply: BE/B.Tech (3rd year), B.Tech-M.Tech Dual Degree (3rd, 4th year) and B.Sc./BA (2nd year).

LocationIIT Kanpur.

Duration8 weeks .Number of Internships: 300 (60 students from “Funding from SURGE” and 240 students from “Funding from Institute Project + Self Funding + Industry-IIT Kanpur tie up”).

58 TEJAS

INTERNSHIP

12. IIEST and IITs

Go to the college website and �ind the details of the faculty members of the department of your interest. There you can get the email ID and the area of work of the professors. The next step involves reaching out to them. Draft an email stating your interest, you might propose some project idea as well if you have one. Attach your Resume with the mail. Highlight your academic and technical achievements and try to keep it crisp, informative and impressive. If you have a good academic record and things go well, you will hear from the professor regarding the further proceedings.

This process holds true for IITs, IIEST and any other college where you wish to apply.

You might modify the mail a little according to the area of interest of the professor it is being sent to. Try to send your application to many professors to increase the chances of landing an internship. Also mention whether you want a summer or winter internship and applying early for it is always a good move.

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60 TEJAS

ARTICLES

easurements of mixing enthalpy for a Bi-In-Sn system needs special atten-tion as far as the Mlead-free solder applications are concerned. Lead-free solder is generally used for solderjoints in electronic equipment. In this work, an MHTC 96 Line Evo (Setaram Instruments,

France) drop-solution calorimeter was used to determine the integral enthalpy of mixing for a Bi-In-Sn system at 767 K, 813 K and 855 K using drop technique. The enthalpy of mixing was measured for three different cross sections of (Sn0.33Bi0.67) �x Inx,(Sn0.50Bi0.50) �x Inx and (Sn0.67Bi0.33) �x Inx. Indium was dropped onto the Bi-Sn alloys over the entire composition of indium. Partial quantities of indium mixing were calculated from the integration of the heat flow curve using CALISTO software. Subsequently, integral molar quantities of mixing were calculated from the partial quantities. Mixing enthalpy was found to be almost temperature-independent in the Bi-In-Sn system. Iso-enthalpy curves for the integral mixing enthalpy were plotted at 813 K. The data from this study were analysed with a least-squares fit using the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu poly-nomial to determine the ternary interaction parameter.

Measurements of Mixing Enthalpy for a

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

n modern times, technology is growing very fast. Electronic products are aging within a very Ismall span of time as people adopt new products, and old electronic products are not reused.This results in an accumulation of a huge quantity of electronic waste. The electronic circuits in

this equipment are connected by conventional lead-tin solder alloys. The lead in the lead-tin solder alloys are considered worldwide to be very toxic. Mostly, electronic waste is disposed of in landfills where the lead leaches and contaminates groundwater. The presence of lead in drinking water has several health hazards such as increased blood pressure, diminished learning abil-ity in children, and kidney damage. The past few years have seen major changes in soldering-free solders, Bi-In-Sn system, ternary, enthalpy of mixing, thermodynamic modelling materials for electronics assembly manufacture due to a shift from lead-tin to lead-free soldering. Lead has all the properties required for a solder material, and it is not possible to replace lead by any one metal. Therefore, an alternate lead-free solder is a multi-component system. There is much research into replacing lead with more

Lead-Free Solder Bi-In-Sn System

Dr. Mukesh RaushanDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

NIT JAMSHEDPUR

61TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

dynamic database for the lead-free solder sys te m s h a s b e e n p ro p o s e d by m a ny researchers working in this area. Experimental thermodynamic data on various lead-free solder systems are very essential to develop a useful thermodynamic database. It would be easier to have thermodynamic data for higher order systems without conducting experi-ments. Mixing enthalpy is one of the most impor-tant properties to accurately optimize phase diagrams. It is quite possible to calculate propertiessuch as surface tension and viscosity from the thermodynamic data.It is reported in the literature1 that Bi-In-Sn-Zn is a potential lead-free solder system. Bi-In-Sn is an important subsystem of this quaternary system. Thermochemical and constitutional data for the four boundary ternary systems of Bi-In-Sn-Zn were optimized by Moelans et al.1 using calculation of phase diagram (CALPHAD) to obtain a thermody-namic interpretation of the quaternary system. Melting and phase transformation behaviour of the Bi-In-Sn system have been studied by Witusie-wicz et al.2 using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for 29 different alloys. They have found that the phase equilibria data matches quite well with the thermodynamic data. Thermodynamic proper-ties of the Bi-In-Sn system have been measured by Brunetti et al.3 using torsion-effusion (T. E.) and differential scanning calorimetry. They have observed that Bi-In-Sn is a non-ideal system at xBi = 0.20, and 565 K and the enthalpy of mixing is exothermic at xIn = 0.58 and xSn = 0.22. Activities of components in the Bi-In-Sn ternary system at 1000 K and 1050 K have been predicted by Tao4 using a novel molecular interaction volume model (MIVM). They have also calculated the activities of the components in Bi-In-Sn at 550 K and the Bi-In-Sn-Zn quaternary system at 700 K using this model. The chemical reaction between base metal and lead-free solder alloys can be better described by the MIVM to calculate the phase diagram. The MIVM is a very simple statistical thermodynamic model and thermodynamic calculations are based on only two activity coefficients at infinite dilution. Thermody-namic properties of Bi-Sn-Zn,5–9 Bi-In-Zn10 and In-Sn-Zn11 were investigated by calorimetry in the temperature range of 713–773 K. The comparison between the calculated and experimental data are quite satisfactory.Thermodynamic investigations of In-Zn-Sn have been carried out by Behera and Sonaye12 using electromotive force (EMF) with molten salt as the electrolyte in the temperature range of 753 K to 853 K for 15 different compositions along three sections. It is reported that the activity of zinc exhibits positive deviation from Raoult’s

law for all the compositions of zinc. The same technique was employed by Behera and Shamsuddin13 for the thermodynamic investigations of the Sn-Zn-Ga sys-tem from 723 K to 823 K. Sn-Zn-Ga is a non-ideal system as component activity shows positive devi-ations. The activity of indium in Bi-In-Sn alloys was measured by Kumar et al.14 using a galvanic cell assembly fabricated from glass in the temperature range 723 K to 855 K. They used LiCl-KCl and InCl as the electrolyte. In this case, the authors observed that the activity of indium has a positive deviation for most of compositions and negative deviation for few compositions.The activity of Bi and Sn in the Bi-Sn system measured by various authors15–17 indicates good consistency and shows a very small positive devia-tion from Raoult’s law. Mixing enthalpy of the Bi-Sn system with calorimetric measurement was also reported by a few authors.18–20 All the data show an endothermic nature for the enthalpy of mixing. Several lead-free system investigations by different methods are available in the literature.21–28 The enthalpy of mixing the liquid In-Bi alloy was measured by Yakymovych et al.29 using calorime-try. Partial molar and integral excess thermody-namic properties of In and Bi in In-Bi liquid alloys for the temperature range of 673–873 K were obtained using EMF (electromotive force) by Gre-gorczyk et al.30 It is inferred from the literature survey that calorimetric data of the Bi-In-Sn system are very scarce. Therefore, we have carried out calorimetric investigations of the Bi-In-Sn ternary system along three of the cross sections while varying indium content along each of the cross sections, using drop calorimetry at temperatures of 767 K, 813 K and 855 K. Indium was dropped into the Bi-Sn alloys at a regular time intervals. An MHTC 96 Lline Evo (Setaram Instruments, France) calorimeter was used for the enthalpy measure-ments. Partial and integral thermodynamic proper-ties were calculated from the calorimetric data. Iso-enthalpy curves were plotted for the integral enthalpy of mixing. The data from these measure-ments were treated with the theoretical Redlich–Kister–Muggianu substitutional solution model

to derive the ternary interaction parameter by least-

squares fitting.

62 TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

he project is concerned to develop high strength carbide free Bainitic steel.TThe task can be attained by addition of alloying elements, mainly Silicon (Si) toprevent the precipitation of carbides. The carbon rejected by transformed

ferrite goes into the untransformed austenite and enriching it with carbon. Carbon, being an austenite stabilizer stabilizes the austenite to lower temperature and hence prevents any martensite formation at room temperature. The microstructure obtained will contain Bainitic ferrite laths/plates (depending on carbon percentage) surrounded by untransformed retained austenite. Bainitic transformation at relatively low temperature can produce nanostructure ferrites with very high hardness value.

INTRODUCTION

onventionally, Bainite is a non-lamellar mixture of carbide and ferrite. BainiteCis formed by suppressing the transformation of austenite to pearlite which canbe achieved by high cooling rate and hold it at a temperature above the Ms and

allow it to transform isothermally. It has been found in earlier experiments that bainite has strength in between pearlite and martensite. But due to the presence of carbide, it possesses brittle behavior. So, the aim of this project is to suppress the formation of carbide without compromising with strength so that we can have a

DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH BAINITIC

NIKHIL KUMAR (Batch OF 2K16)

Research intern AT IIT BHU Under the guidance of

Dr. R. Manna Associate Professor

Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

(BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY)

ABSTRACT

STEEL

63TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

eat treatable aluminium alloys are widely used in aircraft structural applications and areHsusceptible to localized corrosion in chloride environments, such as pitting, crevicecorrosion, intergranular corrosion, exfoliation corrosion and stress corrosion cracking.

Among them pitting corrosion is one of the most serious and troublesome forms of localised corrosion, occurring in metals that owe their corrosion resistance to passivity. Passivation of metal surfaces leading to the formation of oxide �ilms and subsequent breakdown of surface �ilms to form pits on exposure to a pitting environment is of a complicated nature, since even the oxide �ilms formed on different metals vary one from another in electronic conduction, porosity, thickness, state of hydration, etc. The phenomenon of passivity is still not fully understood, despite decades of intensive investigations to study passive �ilms on electrode surfaces. There exists a great deal of controversy as to the exact structural nature of passive �ilms.

Al–Mg–Si (6xxx series) alloys are generally considered to have good corrosion resistance compared to Cu or Zn rich high strength Al-alloys. 6xxx series alloys represent the medium strength class of Al-alloys, as they can respond to age-hardening via Mg2Si precipitation, making them stronger than 5xxx Al–Mg solid solution alloys, but not as strong as 2xxx or 7xxx alloys. In order to obtain an optimal combination of mechanical properties, a small amount of Cu or a large excess of Si compared to the stoichiometric Mg/Si ratio corresponding to the Mg2Si phase is often used in 6xxxalloys. This can result in an increased susceptibility to localised corrosion such as pitting and intergranular corrosion (IGC). The Mg2Si phase has been electrochemically characterised in isolation previously, and is seen to be 'active' compared to the Al-alloy matrix. In neutral dilute chloride electrolytes, Mg2Si presents an open circuit potential of 1.2 V. Furthermore, Mg2Si has been noted to undergo a dealloying form of self-dissolution. 6xxx series alloy, containing nominally 0.55 Mg, 0.60Si and about 0.02 or 0.17 Cu (in Wt.%). Their results showed that the alloys with lower

A STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF 6XXX

ROSHAN KUMAR (Batch of 2k16)

Research intern at IIEST Shibpur Under the guidance of

Dr. Debdulal DasDepartment of Metallurgy and

materials engineeringIIEST SHIBPUR

ABSTRACT

SERIES Al ALLOYS

64 TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

In excess Si alloys, in addition to the b-phase (Mg2Si) and its precursors, pure Si may precipitate. These Si particles have a tendency to segregate at the grain boundaries and thereby posited to promote IGC. However, when in contact with water, Si precipitates will be covered by an insulating layer of SiO2, and are therefore not effective cathodes. A recent paper by Fleming and co-workers shows the complexity associated with localised corrosion arising from Mg2Si, eutectic forms of Si at grain boundaries, and variant phases that can form during brazing operations in Cu-containing 6xxx alloys. The study by Fleming indicated that excess Si, and the presence of Cu, affected corrosion characteristics; which the present work seeks to contribute to by the investigation of unique alloys with carefully prepared alloy chemistries.

Thermal treatments such as cooling rate and ageing conditions were also reported to be important in terms of the corrosion susceptibility. El Men shaw reported that peak aged specimens of AA6061 showed a maximum susceptibility to IGC, while pitting was the dominant corrosion mode for the over-aged tempers. As solution treated specimens exhibited uniform corrosion and showed the highest resistance to pitting or IGC. In order to abridge the information in the literature, Table 1 summarises some �indings from published works related to the corrosion behaviour of 6xxx series alloys. The different experimental conditions such as alloy composition and heat treatment parameters make a comparative analysis complicated. As seen from Table 1, although localised corrosion phenomena in 6xxx alloys is strongly affected by the chemistry, dimension and distribution of t h e i n t e r m e t a l l i c p a r t i c l e s a n d precipitates, the underlying In this work, the corrosion behaviour of a series of 6xxx alloys with different Cu contents and different Mg/Si ratios was investigated at different ageing conditions by means of electrochemical corrosion testing and immersion testing. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the individual and combined effects of Cu, Mg, Si and heat treatment on the corrosion behaviour of the alloys in a �irst order sense; allowing a plat form for more comprehensive understanding of the corrosion of 6xxx alloys which is comparatively much less reported than for other Al-alloy classes.

Alloys (Composition in wt%)

Experimental Conditions Corrosion Trends

Corrosion Mechanisms

A l – 1 . 0 S i – 0 . 4 M g 5 5 0 ° C / 1 h ( S T ) + W Q + a g e d a t

1 7 0 ° C

_ Precipitation of Mg2Si at the grain boundary favours IGC attack, and Si particles promote IGC [15]

Al–0.92Si–0.86Mg–0.87Cu

550 °C (ST) + air quenched + aged at 175 °C for 8 h (T6)

_ Si and Cu depleted zones along grain boundaries are dissolved preferential as anodic phases [21]

Al–0.54Si–1.03Mg–0.33Cu

520 °C extruded + WQ + aged at 175 °C/8 h

_ IGC was caused by the dissolution of the precipitate-free zones (PFZs) [22]

Al–0.93Si–0.57Mg, and Al–0.60Si–0.52Mg–0.12Cu

557–569 °C extruded + WQ (or air cooling) + aged at 185 °C/5 h

Air-cooling resulted in most corrosion, but ageing decreased corrosion. WQ gave good corrosion resistance, but ageing made it worse (esp. UA)

The Cu-containing alloy was susceptible to IGC, depending on its thermal history. Precipitation of the Cu-rich Q-phase along the grain boundaries was the most probable cause of IGC [10]

Al–1.0Si–0.5Mg–(0.03–0.80)Cu, and Al–1.0Si–0.8Mg–(0.03–0.80)Cu

560 °C (ST) + WQ + pre-ageing (or none) + aged for 20 min at 175 °C (or 185 °C) + WQ

IGC increased with Cu

IGC was caused by micro-galvanic coupling between the cathodic Q phase precipitates and the aluminium matrix adjacent to the particles [4]

Al–0.59Si–0.50Mg–0.02Cu, and Al–0.60Si–0.52Mg–0.18Cu

540 °C/30 min(ST) + WQ + aged at 185 °C

UA resulted in most corrosion

The Cu-containing alloy was susceptible to IGC,and IGC was due to micro-galvanic coupling between the noble Cu film and the adjacent solute-depleted active zone [5]

Al–1.31Si–0.40Mg

540 °C/30 min (ST) + WQ (or air cooled) + store 4 h at room + aged at 185 °C

UA resulted in most corrosion

The Cu-containing alloy was more susceptible to IGC than the Cu-free alloy. Al–0.60Si–

Alloys (Composition in wt%)

Experimental Conditions Corrosion Trends

Corrosion Mechanisms

Al–1.0Si–0.4Mg 550 °C/1 h (ST) + WQ + aged at 170 °C

_ Precipitation of Mg2Si at the grain boundary favours IGC attack, and Si particles promote IGC [15]

Al–0.92Si–0.86Mg–0.87Cu

550 °C (ST) + air quenched + aged at 175 °C for 8 h (T6)

_ Si and Cu depleted zones along grain boundaries are dissolved preferential as anodic phases [21]

Al–0.54Si–1.03Mg–0.33Cu

520 °C extruded + WQ + aged at 175 °C/8 h

_ IGC was caused by the dissolution of the precipitate-free zones (PFZs) [22]

Al–0.93Si–0.57Mg, and Al–0.60Si–0.52Mg–0.12Cu

557–569 °C extruded + WQ (or air cooling) + aged at 185 °C/5 h

Air-cooling resulted in most corrosion, but ageing decreased corrosion. WQ gave good corrosion resistance, but ageing made it worse (esp. UA)

The Cu-containing alloy was susceptible to IGC, depending on its thermal history. Precipitation of the Cu-rich Q-phase along the grain boundaries was the most probable cause of IGC [10]

Al–1.0Si–0.5Mg–(0.03–0.80)Cu, and Al–1.0Si–0.8Mg–(0.03–0.80)Cu

560 °C (ST) + WQ + pre-ageing (or none) + aged for 20 min at 175 °C (or 185 °C) + WQ

IGC increased with Cu

IGC was caused by micro-galvanic coupling between the cathodic Q phase precipitates and the aluminium matrix adjacent to the particles [4]

Al–0.59Si–0.50Mg–0.02Cu, and Al–0.60Si–0.52Mg–0.18Cu

540 °C/30 min(ST) + WQ + aged at 185 °C

UA resulted in most corrosion

The Cu-containing alloy was susceptible to IGC,and IGC was due to micro-galvanic coupling between the noble Cu film and the adjacent solute-depleted active zone [5]

Al–1.31Si–0.40Mg

540 °C/30 min (ST) + WQ (or air cooled) + store 4 h at room + aged at 185 °C

UA resulted in most corrosion

The Cu-containing alloy was more susceptible to IGC than the Cu-free alloy. Al–0.60Si–

65TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

etallic foams, especially aluminium foams, have received a considerable amount ofMattention in recent year because of their extremely low density and unique functionalproperties such as impacting energy absorption, sound absorption, �lame resistance and

heat resistance. Many methods for their manufacture, characterization and application are being developed.

In this project we deal with production of open cell Al through powder metallurgy route. There are several methods of production through powder metallurgy route, but we mainly concentrate on “space holder method”. The main aim of the project is to maximize the percentage of porosity in Al foams via continuous experimental analysis. It also deals with the advantages and drawbacks of this method.

PROCESSING OF OPEN CELL METAL FOAM USING

SWATI KUMARI (Batch of 2k16)

Research intern at IIT Madras Under the guidance ofDr. Manas MukherjeeAssistant Professor

Department of Metallurgical and materials engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

ABSTRACT

NACL AS A SPACE HOLDER

66 TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

EFFECT OF MACHINING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND

ABSTRACT

RAJESH LAYEK (Batch of 2k16)

Research intern at IIT KANPURUnder the guidance of

Dr. Sudhanshu Shekhar SinghAssistant Professor

Material Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

l7075 aluminium alloys have found widespread use in the aerospace and automobile owingAto their high strength to weight ratio, low density, high toughness and good resistance tofatigue. These alloys generally are resistive to corrosion but in presence of chlorine or salty

atmosphere or moisture their corrosion susceptibility is increased which limits their applications in coastal areas because corrosion have detrimental effects on their mechanical properties as well. Despite having so many good properties corrosion individually leads to catastrophic failures which must be prevented. Also these alloys generally subjected to machining before it can be used as components. Thus it is necessary to examine the in�luence of machining on the corrosion properties of the alloy.

Therefore, in this study, the effect of surface milling on the microstructure and subsequently on corrosion behavior of Al7075 aluminium alloy has been studied. The peak-aged condition (T6) was used as it possesses the highest strength among all the aged conditions. The cutting speed and feed rates were varied to understand their effect on the microstructure and surface roughness of the sample. Further, electrochemical tests (dynamic polarization) on these samples were conducted in

THE CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF Al7075 AL ALLOY

67TEJAS

RESEARCH PAPER

ith an annual production of about 1.69 billion tons worldwide, steel is the mostWimportant metallic material that can be completely recycled at the end of its life.Plasticmaterials rank among the second most important basic materials with an annual global

production of about 300 million tons. A modern and sustainable technology can combine plastics recovery at its end-or-life with the production of steel. As of the recent trends in the recycling of plastic wastes generated, is its use as a fuel substitute in blast furnace. The coke making process is also considered to be a promising area to which the thermal decomposition of waste plastics is applicable. Extensive research has also been done on the use of plastic along with coke/coal in the solid-state reduction of iron. However, studies on the use of plastic in a direct reduction furnace are scarce in literature. Natural Gas based DRI is a highly ef�icient technique of manufacturing sponge iron that creates less environmental impact .However the challenge in this manufacturing technique is the availability and high cost of natural gas in many of the steel making regions of the world. A solution to this problem is the use of synthesis gas. Syngas, or synthesis gas, is a gas mixture consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide resulting from the gasi�ication of a carbon-containing fuel. The technologies like Midrex, Corex and Midrex Thermal Reactor System commercially utilizes syngas derived from natural gas and coal sources. Gasi�ication occurs in the presence of limited amounts of air that allows partial combustion of the material. Gasi�ication of plastic waste is commonly operated at high temperatures (>600˚C - 800˚C). Air (or oxygen in some applications) is used as a gasi�ication agent, and the air factor is generally 20% - 40% of the amount of air needed for the combustion of the plastic solid waste . The process essentially oxidizes the hydrocarbon feedstock in a controlled fashion to generate the endothermic depolymerisation heat. The plastic gasi�ication technologies are essentially those already developed for the gasi�ication of other feedstocks, such as biomass and coal. The main reactors conventionally used in biomass gasi�ication are entrained �low, �ixed bed, updraft, downdraft, �luidized bed, rotary kiln and plasma reactor. However, the characteristics of waste plastics, especially the low thermal conductivity, sticky behaviour, high volatile content and remarkable tar formation, hinder their treatment in

Direct Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets by the

NEHA KUMARI (Batch of 2k16)

Research Intern At IIT BHUUnder the guidance of

Dr. Randhir SinghAssistant professor

Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

(Banaras Hindu University)

ABSTRACT

Gasification of Solid Plastic Waste

68

scholarships front page

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69TEJAS

SCHOLARSHIP CORNER

7.Foundation for Academic excellence and accessFAEA grants scholarships to students to facilitate undergraduate studies in arts/ commerce/ science/ medical/ engineering and pursuing of other technical and professional disciplines at any university/institution/college in India.

Number of Scholarships : 50Eligibility Criteria :1. Students belonging to socially and economically disadvantaged sections in the BPLcategory.2. Students who have passed Class XII from a recognized board in India.3. 1st year under-graduate students.Financial Support : Tuition fee, maintenance allowance, hostel and mess charges.How to apply:1. You may apply online at www.faeaindia.org (most preferred way).2. The form can be downloaded from FAEA website.

8.ONGCScholarshipforSC/STStudentsThis fellowship is awarded by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited for SC/ST students pursuing professional courses like Engineering and Medical.Number of Scholarship – 247 engineering scholarships.Eligiblity Criteria:• Student pursuing full time/regular courses(4 years course only) can apply to theONGC Scholarship.• Students pursuing 1st year Engineering or MBBS course.• College / Institution / University should be recognized by ISC/CBSE/ MCI / AICTE/UGC /Association of Indian universities / State Education Boards/State Government / Central Government.• Minimum Qualifying Marks: Candidates applying for the scholarship should haveobtained minimum 60 % marks in qualifying exams.• Student should have secured minimum 60% in Class 12 for pursuingengineering/medical course.• Student should have secured minimum 60% of marks in graduation for pursuingmaster degree course.

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SCHOLARSHIP CORNER

• In case of grading system Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA/CGPA) of minimum 6.0 in 10 points scale should be obtained by the applicant.Gross Annual Income of family of the applicant from all sources should not be more than 4.50 lakhs.Amount – INR 1500 per month for 4 years.• Indian Oil offers scholarship known as IOCL Scholarship to students of Class 10, ITI , Engineering, M.B.B.S & MBA Courses.

9. IOCL Scholarship - Indian Oil Educational Scholarship• India Oil will awards 2600 scholarships on merit-cum-mean basis.• There would be no separate test for awarding the IOCL scholarship.• The students who are selected for the scholarship will receive Rs. 1000 per month if the students are in Class 11/ ITI and Rs. 3000 per month in case the students are pursuing professional course.• Indian Oil also offer Sports scholarship to upcoming sports personsThe Information and Dates mentiond are tentative, the information will be updates as soon as it is updated by IOCL.

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SCHOLARSHIPS

1. Welfare department, Govt. of JharkhandWhocanapply:1. Student must be of Jharkhand State.2. Student should belong to any of these categories-Schedule Tribe (ST),ScheduleCast (SC) orOther Backward Class (OBC).3.Student’s Family Income from all the sources should not exceed as per the listgiven below: Schedule Tribe (ST) or Schedule Cast (SC):Rs 2,00,000/- (Rs Two Lakh Only)Backward Class (OBC):Rs 1,00,000/- (Rs One Lakh Only)Financial Support : Tuition fee and maintenance charges.

2. CDIF Scholarship Program TATA CUMMINSThis scholarship is awarded to the students from socially and economically disadvantaged background. The scholarship program is entitled for students pursuing Diploma/ Degree in Engineering/ other professional degree courses from various locations where Cummins Group Company has presence.Total family income should not exceed INR 3 lakh, for all categories,maximum age limit 25 years,-candidate must obtain 60%marks in previous exam.

3. O.P. Jindal Engineering and Management Scholar ships(OPJEMS)First 3 toppers of 2nd, 3rd and 4th year based on the academic performance in the previous year,of the following streams are eligible:• Civil Engineering• Electrical Engineering• Mechanical Engineering• Metallurgical EngineeringStage 1 – Online TestPART A: Behavioural Test to determine your leadership competencies.

72 TEJAS

SCHOLARSHIP CORNER

PART B: General Awareness Test about O.P. Jindal Group (based only on information available on websites of respective companies of O.P. Jindal Group).Stage 2 – Personal InterviewThe shortlisted students from Stage 1 will be interviewed by a panel from various Industries. Interviews shall be conducted in-person at four locations i.e. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore based on the proximity from the institute.

4.SteelchairScholarship of Rs. 10,000/-(ten thousand) only per month will be awarded to �ive number of students of 5th semester of MME based on their CGPA of 4th semester according to merit till 8th semester on their satisfactory performance in subsequent semester examination.

5.NTPCscholarshipforengineeringstudentsNumberofScholarships: 35(20 SC, 10 ST and 05 PC)EligibilityCriteria:• Students belonging to SC/ST/Physically Challenged categories (Visually Handicapped/ Hearing Handicapped/ Orthopaedically Handicapped) and pursuing 4 years full time degree course in Engineering in the disciplines of Electrical, Instrumentation,Mechanical,Computer Science, Electronics/Telecommunication from a college/ university/ institute.• They should not be receiving any �inancial aid or assis¬tance from any source.Financial Support : The amount of scholarship is Rs 1500/- Rs. Per month.

6.NationalHandicappedFinanceandDevelopmentCorporation• Under this scheme, 500 National Scholarships will be awarded to eligible students with disabilities for pursuing higher academic/professional or technical quali�ication.• Scholarship of Rs 1000/-p.m. for hostellers and Rs700/- p.m. for day scholars undertaking professional courses at graduation and higher level and Rs700/-p.m. for hostellers and Rs.400/-p.m. for day scholars pursuing Diploma/Certi�icate level professional courses. Course fee is reimbursed upto ceiling of Rs 10,000/-per year.

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