Taxonomic Studies of Pte'ridophyta III - J-Stage

The Japanese Society for Plant Systematics

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The JapaneseSociety for Plant Systematics

July 1959 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 1

,

Taxonomic Studies of Pte'ridophyta III

Kunio IwATsuKI*

tt,-scasce : yytetzc[)fil:Eigts9IifIee III

3. A REvlsloN or. THE SpEclEs oF ABAcopTERIs

IN THE RyvKyus AND 'TAIwA)g

The subject of this article is a taxonomic revision ef the species of AbacoPteris

occurring in Taiwan and the Ryukyus including IsL Yakushima and IsL Tanegashima.

As was repeatedly discussed by CHiNG, CopELAND, HoLTTuM and others, the problem o[

generic delimitation of Thelypteroid ferns er Thelypteridaceae is not yet satisfactorily

settled. For convenience of reviewing the species, the definition of AbacoPteris givenby CmNG and HoLTrruM is, on the whole, followed in the present paper, and six species

including a variety are recognized in the area.

The present revisien is based on the study of all the herbarium specimens of

AbacoPteris available in the following Herbaria, which are indicated in the text as

the following abbreviations :

KAG: Herbarium of the Kagoshima University, Kagoshima,

KYO: Herbarium of the University of Kyoto, Kyoto,

TAK: Herbarium of the Research Laboratory, Takeda Pharmaceutical Indus-

tries, Osaka,

TI: Herbarium of the University of Tokyo, Tokyo.

The writer wishes to express his deep gratitude to the directors and curators

of all these Herbaria.

KEy TO THE SPEclES

A. Frond simple or trifoliate.

B. Frond mostly simple or rarely hastate to trifoliate, the base round to cordate,

the simple frond or the terminal pinna oblong-lanceolatel/to oblong.

1. A. simPlex

B. Frond trifoliate or rarely 5--foliate, the base of pinna nearly round to cune-

ate, the terminal pinna lanceolate to ob!ong-lanceolate.

2. A. triPitylla var. tripdylla

A. Lateral pinnae 2 or more pairs.

B. Basal pair of lateral pinnae the longest, and hence the lamina deltoid-acumi-

nate in outline.

'" Department of Botany. Faculty of Science. University of Kyoto, Kyoto. Japan.

This study is supported by the Grant in Aid of Scientific Research of the Ministry of

Education.




2 VoL. NQ.1

C. Terminai pinna entire or subentire, only the basal pair of lateral pinnae

shortly stalked. 2. A. triPdylla var. Parishii

C. Terminal pinna inciso-crenqte,, m.or.e deeply so toward the base, basal 2 or

3pairs of lateral pinnae shortly stalked. 3. A. insularis

B. Basal pair of lateral pinnae not the longest, and hence the lamina elliptical

to oblong-lanceolate in outline.

C. Sori exindusiaSe qnd mostly copfiuent, and hence in one row between adja--

cent main veins. '

D. Rhizome short creeping, bearing stipes rather close together, base of'

.･pinnae cuneate, rachis sometimes gemrnifereus. 4. A. li"leiuensis'

D'

.R.h,i.

'

hZiO,M.e,eO,n.gg.C.rei ?.fi,n.g.'.2fari"g StiPeS

at

i"te'VaiS'

ba6S.e

llil Pi;"."g7.;,tr,P."i."tda.

C. Sori round, indusiate, not confluent, and hence in two rews betwe/ n adja- -i ･

cent main

veins.

5. .A. gymnoPteridipons

ENUMERATIeN OF THE SPECIES '

1. Abacopteris simplex (HooK,) CHiNq Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8: 239 (1938);TAGAwA, Acta Phytotax, Geobot. 8: 171 (1939), -' ll(feniscium simPlex HooK. Lond.

Journ Bot. 1: 294, t. 11 (1842), FiL Exot, t. 83 (1857), Sp. Fil. 5: 162 (1864); HooK,& BAK. Syn. Fil. 390 (1867); MAsAM. Trans. Nat.Hist. Soc. Formos. 28: 237 (1938).-PolyPodium

simPlex LowE, Ferns Brit. Exot. 2. pL 41, B (1858).-PhegoPteris sim-

Plex MET'r. Fil. Lechl. 2: 21 (1859).-AsPidittm simPlex HANcE, Journ. Linn. Soc. 13 :140 (1873).-AibPhrodium simPlex DiELs in ENGL; u. PRANTL, Nat. Pfianzenfam. 14:

177 (1899).-DryoPteis simPlex C. CHR. Ind. Fil. 292 (1905).-Meniscinm triPIayllum f.simPlex H. ITo in NAKAi & HoNDA, Nova Fl. Jap. Polypod. Dryopt. I, 183 (1939).--dyclosorus simPlex CopEL. Gen. Fil. I43 (1947). .

AbacoPteris simPlex var. trijbliata CHi)qG, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst Biol. 10: 10

(1940); TAGAwA, Journ. Jap. Bot. 26:21 (1951).

NePhrodium triPdyllum DIELs sensu MATsvM. Incl. Pl. Jap. 1: 326 (1904), p.pl-DayDPteris triPhylla C. CHR. sensu CHiNG, Sinensia 1: 45, with pL (1930), p.p.; C.

CHR. Ind. FiL Suppl. III, 100 (1934), p.p.-Meniscium triPhyllum Sw. sensu H. ITo,

Bot Mag. Tokyo 52: 642 (1938), p,p.

Throughout the Ryukyus and in the lowlands of Taiwan; terrestrial either in

dense mountain forests or on rather dry forest borders under light shade. Spec-

imens from Taiwan kept in KYO are cited in TAGAwA, ll. cc. Those from the Ryu-

kyus examined are:

RyuKyu. Isl. Akuseki of the Tokara Retto, T. NAiTo (KAG). Isl. Amami-

Ooshima:en route from Yuwan to Shimmura, TAGAwA &IwATsvm 3105 (KYO);without special' locality, ML OGArrA (TAK). Isl.. Tokunoshima: at the foot Qf Mt.Amagisan, TAG.NwA &IwATsuKi 2601 (KYO). Isl. Okinoerabu: Ooyama, TAGAwA &





IwATsum, 2119 (KYO), HAwslMA'& SAKo 21509 (KAG) ; without special localjty, T.ToJyo (KAG). Isl. Okinawa:'Mt. Tanyudake in Kunigami, SoNoHARA et al. 6266

(KYO) ; Mt. Okunoyarna, Naha, G. KomzuMi (KYO); Kunigami, K. MiyAsATo(KYO);Y. TAsmRo (TI); Mt, Yona, HATus]MA 18269 (KAG); Mt. Benokiyama, TuyAMA 126(TI), H. ITo (TI); Mt. Yonahadake, KANAstRo 1969 [TI); between Benoki and Yasuda,TuyAMA 220, 266 (TI). Isl. Ishigaki, H. Iro (TI). Isl. Iriomote : Nakara River Region,WALKEi et al. 7157 (KYO); w;'thout special locallty, G. KomzuMt (KYO), T. NAiro(KAG). Isl. Yonakuni, H. ITo (TI), G. KoiDzuMi (KYO).

Distribution: South China to Tonkin and Annarn.

The fronds of this species are very polymorphic, ranging from simple through

hastate to trifoliate, and fronds of various forms are often growing from the same

rhizome. A. simPlex var. trijbliata CHiNG stands, therefore, at an extrerre of therange

af variation and it can hardly be ranked as a distinct variety.

The discussion in the past on A. simPlex was focussed on the distinetionbetween this species and A. triPIaylla. Much impressed by the frond form, CHIptG(l930) has united A. simPJex with A. triPhylla, because he has recognized that thesimple fronds of A. simPlex are connected by many intermediate forms with thetrifoiiate

fronds of A. triPhylla. EnlargLng the scope of the distinguishing features,he (1938) has stated that he considered the two to be distinct on the basis that``

fronn

D.

triPhylla (Sw.), the species can always be distinguished by its generallysimple

leaves

of dry green, with rounded, auriculate or hastate and always dEeplycordate base, distinctly raised reticulated veins on the under side and the cross

veins generalty meet the contiguous medial veinlet in quite a straight or onLy

slightly curved Iine forming nearly quadrangular areolae." H. ITo (193B) has discussed

briefiy the di.stinction between A. simPlex and A. triPdyIla with the result that theplants with simp]e fronds and the plants with trifoliate fronds intergrade to such

an extent that these two species can not be ranked as a separate species.

In the Ryukyus A. triphylla complex is decidedly variable. Although the typicalform

of

A.

simPlex,

as seen in the specimens from Hongkong, the type Iocality,is

not

availabte in the Amami-Gunto, there occur various types of plants ranging

from those safely included within the range of variation of the Hongkong plantsto

the

typical form of A, triPhyll4. In these plants certain characteristics signifi-

cant taxonomically are wholly homogeneous, e. g. the form and quality of trichomes,

the verrucosity on the under surface of leaves, the condition of pinna margin, etc.

Certain features accentuated by CmNG as the characteristics of A, simPlex are no

more than the matter of degree, e.g. the raised veins, the quadrangular areolae,

etc. Comparing with A. triPhylla, A. simPlex exhibits a tendency in addition tothose that the frond is thicker and harsher and its veins are more or less falcate,forming

a broad angle to the costa, but it is not rare that these features may beobserved in all stages of transition, even on the same plant. For instance, in



The JapaneseSociety forPlantSystematics

4 4.cta Phyyotax. 9,.e. o.,,,?,ot. Vol.

N6.1

TAGAWA & IwATsuKi 2601, collected on Isl. Tokunoshima, the form df fro'nd'is

similar to that in the Hongkong specimens of A. simPIex, thought the veins are

rais2d beneath in the same degree with usual forms ofA. triPhylla, and the fronds

are rather thinner and tenderer in the texture. In TAGAwA & IwATsuK[ 2119

gathered on Isl. Okinoerabu, the veins are moderately raised beneath as seen in

A. simPlex, but areolae are not fairly quadrangular, the veins nearly straight and

at a narrower angle to the costa.

These characters, however. can not be fully understood only from the super-

ficial observation of herbarium specimens. They should be investigated more

carefully from the standpoint of morphology and ecology. TAGAWA & IwATsuK[

2601, mentioned above, was collected on humus rich ground along streams in moist

gloomy rnountain forest of broad-leaved trees, where there were found as undergrowth

such various kinds of ferns as CJ,athea fouriei, Colyst's pothijiolia, C. wrigktii,

Cyclosorus taiwanensis, Microsorintm hancockii, CrePidomanes makinoi var. tosae,

etc. In such position the froncls usually become thinner and tenderer in the texture.

On the contrary, TAGAwA & IwATsvm 2119 was collected on rather dry clay on

half open slope in broad-leaved forest, In such circumstances the fronds are

narrower. Even in A. triPhylla veins of broad frond are falcate and at a broad

angle to the costa. Conditions are also not different in the broad-leaved specimens

of A simPlex from Hongkong: in the broadef Part of frond the veins are falcate,

at a･broad ang!e to the cbsta, and the areolae quadrangular, but in the narrower

part of frond the veins are almost straight, at a narrower angle to the costa, and

the cross veinlets curved into long slender S. There is also the correlation of

-the raisecl veins with the texture of frends:in the thinner fronds veins are slenderer

and consequently not much raised. Although such a correlation can not be accepted

as a universally valid phenomenon in the plant kingdom, it is significant one in

the case of these two species. Now there remains the form and complexion of

fronds as a matter for consideration.

In the Amami-Gunto, A. simPlex and A. triPhylla are occasionally growing

together. Even in such a mixed-population, it is not dithcult to distinguish the

two, sometimes at a distance. The reason is that the fronds of A. simPlex are

green to dry green and those of A. triPhylla dry opaque to dark green. The form

of fronds is broader and oblong-lanceolate to oblong in A simPlex and lanceolate

to broad lanceo!ate in A. triP]tylla, but the most discriminative feature between

these two species is, as CmNG stressed correctly, met with the shape of the base

of simple frond or of pinnae:-in A. simPlex the base of simple or hastate frond is

round to cordate, but in A. triPhylla pinnae are nearly round to rotund-cuneate

'at

the base, especially so in fertile fronds.

On the preceding pages the writer has discussed A, simPlex at full length,

but is not quite assufed whether the pla.nts of the Ryukyus identified as A. simPlex





are

'conspecific with genuine A. simPlex or not.' This proble'm may be settled by

intens]ve researches on a solid foundation of more ample materials in the fields as

well as in the herbaria.

2. Abacopteris triphylla(Sw.) CHiNG, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8:241 (1938);,HoLTT. FL Malaya II, 287, f. 166 (1954).-Meniscium triPbyllum Sw. Schrad..

Journ, Bot. 18002: 16 (18')1), Syn. Fjl. 19, 206 (1806); HooK. & GREv. Ic. Fil. I, t.

120 <1828); HooK. Sp. Fil. 5:162 (1864); HooK. & BAK. Syn. Fil. 391 (1867); BEDD..

Ferns S. Ind. t. 56 (1863);CHRisT, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 2:1018 (19el); H. ITo, Bot.

Mag. Tokyo 52:642 (1938), in NAKAi & HoNDA, Nova Fl. Jap, Polyp, Dryopt. I, 181,.

cum pl. et fig. (1939).-PhegoPteris trilv,lla METT. Fil. Lechl. 2:21 (1859).-IVePhrodium triPigyllum DIELs in ENGL. u. PRANTL, Nat. Pfianzenfam. 14,:178(1899);,

MA:suM. Ind. Pl. Jap. 1: 326 (1904); MATsvM, & HAyATA, Enum. Pl. Formos. 577

(1906).-DryoPteris triPhylla C. CHR. Ind. Fil. 298 (19C5), Suppl. III, 100 (1934)..p.p.;OGATA, Icon. Fil. Jap. I, pl. 25 (1928); CHiEG, Sinensia 1:45, cum pl, (1930),,p.p,-Cyclosorus triPhylla TARD, Not. Syst. 7:77 (1938), in LEcDMz.E, Fl. G6n.1'Indo-Chine 7!: 386 (1941); OHwi, FL Jap. Pterid. 104 (1957>.

Meniscium triPbyllum f. cristatum K. SA7.o, Journ. Jap. Bot. 12:824 (1936). From the lowland of Taiwan through the Ryukyus to Isl. Yakushima and Isl.Tanegashima, hitherto not found on the main land of Kyushu; fairly common on

humus rich grouud in moist dense forest or sometimes on thinly wooded rather'

dry slepe. Specimens examined in KYO are:

KyusHu. Isl. Tanegashima: southern district, Z. TAsHiRo; Kukinaga, NAG.xNo. IsLYakushima: Onoaida, Z. TAsHiKo, TAGAwA 732, 7782, 8244.

RyuKyu. Isl. Amami-Ooshima: Kaneku, Naze-shi, G. KoiDzuMi; between YamatoandSumiyo, G. Ko:DzuMi; in sylvis inter montes, FAuRiE 4564; Akatsuchiyamaforest, south of Yuwan, TAGAwA & IwAisuKi 3106; Mt. Yuwandake, TAcAwlL& IwAisu- 3108, Isl. Tokunoshima : at the middre elevation of Mt. Tampatsuzan,.TAGAwA&IwATsuKi 2675; Mt. Amagisan, TAGAwA & IwAisuKi 2570. Isl. Okino-erabu: en route from Kamishiro to Ooyama, TAG.lwA & IwAisvKI 2164; Ooyama.TAGAwA & IwATsuKi 2117. Isl. Okinawa: Mt. Genka, Kunigami-gun, S. SAKAGu[Hi;Genka) Hanechi-mura, Kunigami-gun, Zd TAsHrRo; Sate, Kunigami-gun, G. K6mzuMi;Kunigami district, TAMAKi 138; Mt. Kurusan, TAiRA 437. Isl. Ishigaki, TAKAMiNE351. Isl. Iriomote : Nakara River Region, WAiKER et al. 7158.

TAiwAN. Prov. Taihoku: Shakko, FAuRiE 80; Agyoku, Bunzan-gun, eHwi 619,TAGAwA 192;Urai, T. ITo. Prov. Takao:Bankinsing, FAuRiE 104;Kusukusu, Koshun-gun, TAGAwA 950.

Distribution: widely distributed in tropical Asia, south to Australia.

Fronds of this species are mostly trifoljate or rarely 5-foliate. The writer hasnever seen simple fronds. CHmG described a variety with simple fronds, var.




6 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. XVIII, No. 1

simPlicifblia CHiNG, on the basis of FAuRiE 214 frorn Keelung in Taiwan, but it

was properly reduced to A. Iiufeiuensis by TAGAwA. M. triPhyllum f. cristatum K.

SATo described from Isl. Yakushima may be a temporary morbid monstrosity, in

which the terminal pinna of fertile. frond is several times dichotomously branched

at the apex. It is not certain whether it l's really a distinct form, or an abnormal

condition occurring on certain fronds of a plant on!y.

var. parishii (BEDD,) CmNG, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8:242 (1938); TAGAwA,

Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8:17!' (1939); HoLTT, Fl. Malaya Ir; 287 (1954).-Menisciunz Parishii BEDD. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 184 (1866).- Meniscium triPJlyllzam

var. Parislaii BEDD, Handb. Ferns Brit. Ind. Suppl. 102 (1892); H. ITo in NAKAi &

HoNDA, Neva Fl. Jap. Polypod. Dryopt. I, 183 (1939).- Clyctosorus Parishii TARp.

Not. Syst. 7: 76 (1938), in LEcoMTE, Fl: G6n. 1'Indo-Chine 72 :387 (1941).

Known from the Ryukyus and in the lowlands of Taiwan, apparently uncommon ;

habitat unknown to the writer. Specimens ex'amined are:

RyuKyu. Isl. Okinawa: northern district, TAMAKi 238 <KYO); Mt. Tanyudake,

Kunigami-gun, KANAsiRo l6 (KYO), HATusiMA 17994' (KAG); Sateyama, Kunigami-

gun, S. SoNoHARA (KYO). Isl. Iriomote: Urauchi, TAwADA 134 (KYO), H. ITo (TI);along the Nakaragawa, HATusiMA 18714 (KAG). '

TAiwAN. Prov. Takao: Kusukusu, T. ITo (KYO, TI).

Distribution: India and ･Burma

to Indo-China, south to Malaya.

In a well develeped colony of the type variety, there sometimes occur the

fronds with two pairs of lateral pinnae, which

'are usually fertile. TAG.AwA &

IwATsvm 2570, TAGAwA 7782 and 8244 may be cited as a few instances, These 'rnay be an odd or ,over growing form

'of the fundarnentally trifoliate fronds.

The typical fronds of var. Parishii bear almost always more than two pairs

of Iateral pinnae, though the fertile fronds are sometimes trifoliate. Even in the

frond w]th more than four pairs of lateral pinnae, only the lowest is shortly

stalked and the upper ones adnate and decurrent at the base. All the present-day

pteridologist but Dr TARDiEu-BLoT consider this fern to be a variety ef A. triPhylla.

This variety, however, appears to be well established and unique, and may perhapsbe better ranked as a separate species. In the present paper the writer retains it

as a variety of A. triPhylla to avoid an additional new combination. ' ' ''

3. Abacopteris insularis K. IwATsuKi, sp. nov.

Species habitu A, thwaithesii et Ai tr.iPhyltae var. Parishii valde similis, sed

differt a priore : pinnis lateralibus tenuiore crenatis vel subintegris, basi acroscopice

leviter auriculatis, pinna terminali soluta, inciso-crenata, haud pinnatifida; a pos- 'terlore differt : pinnis lat.eralibus p!erumque 5-10 jugis, basaljbus 2-3 jugis manifestepetiolulatis, pinna terminali inciso-crepata, ad basin profunde

'lobata.

, Rhizome slender, long creeping, ca. 4mm, thick. when dry, hairy and sparsely



The 　Japanese 　Soolety 　for 　Plant 　Systematlos

●

July　1959 Acta 　Phytotax．　Geobot ．

麟

灘

醸・　　　　

　　　　　　

　　　　

、−

　　　　　　　　蔭Fig ，5．　 A ．碗s κ1αガs　sp．　nov ，　 Type ．　A ，　plant　x　1／2 ； B ．　p五nna × 1； C ．　 scale 　 x 　16；

　 D ．sporangium × 75 ； E ．　spore 　 x 　390．

7

N 工工一Eleotronlo 　Llbrary 　




8 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. XVIII, No.1

scaly, bearing stipes at intervals of (1-)2-4cm. Fronds more or less dimorphic.

Sterile fronds : stipe slender, 10-15 cm. Iong ; lamina dertoid or ovate-deltoid, pinnate,

suddeniy contracted at the apex and then caudately long prolonged into a terminal

pinna, 20-30cm. Iong, 15-25cm. broad at the base, papyraceous in the texture;

lateral pinnae 4-7 pairs, patent, lanceolate, acuminate, crenate to subentire, round-

cuneate to round-truncate on posterior -and

broad-cuneate to subtruncate and

slightly auricled on anterior side of the base, the basal 1-2 pairs of pinnae shortly

stalked, up to 15 cm. Iong and 2.5cm. broad, the following rapidly shortened, the

upper ones sessile, the uppermost ones adnate and merging into basal segments of

the terminal pinna, the upper surface glabrous except the costa, the lower surface

sparsely hairy on costa, veins and veinlets; terminal pinna linear-lanceelate, long

acuminate at the apex, up to 20cm. Ieng and 4cm. broad, inciso-crenate, more

deeply so toward the base. Veins rnoderately raised beneath,veinlets 4-6 sometimes

to 10 pairs, springing from the vein$ at an obtuse angle, meeting in opposite pairs

andforming cross veinlets of inverted open V or of long slender S shape, the ex-

curr.ent veinlets united with the next pair of veinlet above or sometimes free, the

venation often irregular in the basal lobes of the terminal pinna. Fertile fronds;

much longer than the sterile, stipes 20-60cm. Iong; lamina deltoid-ovate to ovate-

oblong withlong terminal pinna, 25-35cm. Iong, 8-15cm. broad at the base; lateraL

pinnae up to 10 pairs, slightly ascending, to about 15 cm. Iong and1.5cm. broad.

the basal 3-5 pairs short-stalked, the terminal pinna up to 20cm. Iong and 2cm.

broad. Scales scattered on the rhizome and the basai part of stipe, brown to

fuscous brown, narrowly deltoid-lanceolate, gradually attenuate toward finely acumi-

nate apex, sparsely hairy onthe back and ciliated on the margin, about 4mm.

Iong, O.5mm. broad; hairssomewhat dense on all axes, hooked or straight. Sori

exindusiate, round and medial on veinlets or confluent into crescent-shaped sori

in maturity; sporangia naked, the annulus of about 15 celis; spores with loosely'

plicate-reticulate epispore.

RyuKyu. IsL Okinoerabu:Ooyama, growing on rather dry red clay by a path

under light shade in mountain forest, at about 200 m. elevation, TAGAwA & IwA[[suKt

2248 (Holotype in KYO), 2128 (KYO).

This distinct new species is growing abundantly at the extremely limited area

in a rather dry f6'r"6st of broad-leaved trees near the top'level of IsL dk"-i'noerabu. In AbacoPteris generally, pinnae are almost entire and there develop no sinus--

membranes as a rule. Absence of sinus membrane is one of the important features

characteristic of AbacoPteris, by which the genus is discriminated from Cyclosorus.In the case of this new species, however, the lower part of terminal pinna is

copiously lobulated and the sinus membrane to some extent developed. On the

nature of these sinus membranes turther investigation is highly necessary.




July 1959. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 9

4. Abacopteris Iiukiuensis (CHRis'r) TAGAwA, Acta Phytotax. Geobot, 8:171

(1939).-Meniscium liuleiuense CHRisT ex MATsuM. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 24 : 240 (1910) ; H. ITo, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52:642 (1938), in NAKAi & HoNDA, Nova FL Jap. Polypod.

Dryopt. I, 183,pl. 91, f. 154, 476 (1939).-DxyePteris liukiuensis C. CHR. Ind. Fil.

Suppl. 34 (l913); OGATA, Icon. FiL Jap. 7, pL 313 (1936). AbacoPteris triPhylla var. simPlicij'lolia CmNG, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 8: 243 (1938).

DizF,oPteris cusPidata (BL.) CHRisT sensu TAGAwA, Acta Phytotax, Geobot. 1: 306 (1932).

AbacoPteris samPsoni (BAK.) CHiNG, op. cit. 244, p.p.

Isl. Okinawa and southward, also at the northern end of Taiwan; usually

drooping on rocks by stream in dense forests at low elevation. Specimens ex-

amined are: '

RyuKyv. Isl. Okinawa: without special locality and collector's name (Isotype

in TI); Onna, K. MiyAKE, maybe one of type collections (TI), M. eGATA (TAK); Benokiyama, H, ITo (TI), TuyAMA 124, 159 (TI); Genka, M. OGArrA (TAK); Nago,

M. OGATA (KYO, TAK); Haizumura, M. OGATA (TAK); Sate, G. KomzuMi (KYO); Mt.

Nuhasan, TAwADA 110 (KYO); Hentona, SoNoHARA67 (KYO). IsL Ishiu"aki: Ootaka,

TAKAMiNE 77 (KYO) ; without special locality, M. OGATA (KYO, TAK). 1,sl. Iriomote :

along the Urauchigawa, HATusiMA 18547 (KAG); upper courseofthe Nakaragawa,

H. ITo CTI);between Shirahama and Sonai, H. ITo (TI); without sp.cial locality,

T. NAITo (KAG), Dol 46 (KYO).

TAiwAN. Prov. Taihoku: Keelung, FAuRiE 214 (KYO, Isotype of,l A. triPZtylla var.

sinzPliciplia CHitiG); near TaihQku, FAuRTE s.n. (TI). Distribution: not yet found elsewhere.

This species has been fully, and accurately discussed by TAGAwA (l939) and

very excellently illustrated by OGATA. A. triPhylla var. simPliclplia CHiNG mention-

ed in the preceding page is no more than a plant in young stage.

H.Iroi reported this species from the Philippines:there is no doubt that his

record

is based

on CopELA)"D

2025 obtained on Mt. Maquiling in Luzen and kept

in TI, a dupiicate of which is, also found in KYO. These specimens are at first

sight very much like A. Iiukiuensis, but are distinguished as follows: pinnae

, broadest below the middle, lower veinlets more regularly united and rot so oblique,

gemmae never procluced. The writer has seen no specimens which ag- ree well with

this species from the regions eutside of the Ryukyus and Taiwan.

5. Abacopteris gymnopteridifrons (HAyArA) CmNG, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol.

8:251 (1938).-Di:yoPteris gymnoPteridipons HAyATA, Icon, PL Formos. 8:148, f.

75, 76 (1919); OGATA, Icon. FiL Jap. 6, pL 268 (1935).

i H. ITo in NAKAI & HONDA, Nova FL Jap. Polypod. Dryopt. I. 184 (1939). in fJotnote.




Vol. XVIII, No. 1

Menigcim zaroPhyllum H. ITe in NAKAi & HoNDA, Nova Fl. Jap. Polypod. Dry-opt, I, 184, pL 92, f. 477, 47s (1939), excl. basionym.

. Central and southern .districts of Taiwan, at lower elevations, rather rare;

under light shade in rnountain forest, sometimes in grassy places and near streams,

never in the full shade of moist primitive forests. Spe.cimens examined are:

TA]wA)g. Prov. Taichu: Kishito, Noko-gufi, M. OGArA (TAK), T. ITo (TI). Prov.

Takao:Kusukusu, Koshun-gun, T. SoMA (TL Holotype); Kuraru, Koshun-gun, M･

OGATA (TAK), K. IVfoRiy4 1882 (TI);Botansha,' Koshun-gun, TAGAwA 977, 986, 2267

<KYO); Mt. Hiiranzan, Koshun-gun, MArruDA 17 (TI). Prov. Taito: near Aroe,Tai'･to-gun, TAGAwA 2442, 2445, 2456, 2516 (KYO).

'

Distribution: Hainan ･

When HAyATA published this species, he cited only one specimen of a sterile

frond collected by T. SoMA at Kusukusu. But in his original description we find

a brief mention of sori and a figure of a part of fertile pinna. bearing sori with

indusia off. Judging from the date of hjs publication and the specimens available

in TI, it seems that he used in addition the following specimens : FAuRm s.n. dated1914, MATuDA 17 dated 1914 and T. ITo s.n. dated 1916, the last twe sheets being

fertile. There are many soriferous specimens at my disposal which match the

holotype quite well in vegetative features, for which reason we are led to the

conclusion that the holotype is a sterile specimen of a species with indusiate sori,

Thus the original description given by HAyATA is now completed by the following

accouts of rhizome, scales as well as seri: '

Rhizome thick, O.5 to about 1 cm. in diameter when dry, sparsely scaly. Scales

thin, mernbranaceous, naked, rarely provided with 2 to' 3 celled capitate hairs on

the margin, ovate-lanceolate, finely long acuminate at the apex, 5-8mm. Iong, 1-1.5

mm. broad at th'e base. Sori round, indusiate, in 2 rows between adjacent main

Veins, medial on the veinlet, 'sometimes

supramedial and, when mature, confluent

to form crescent sori; indusia 1 mm. or more in diameter, reniform, covered with

setose hairs; sporangia also with a few setose hairs. 1 t' In this species setose hairs occur on stipe and rachis, on both surfaces of

costae and veins, and on the under surface of veinlets. FAuRiE s.n. kept in TI,

a sterile specjmen cellected at Kwarenko, is peculiar in having setose hairs not

only on the under surface but also on the upper surface of vejnlets. To avoid ah

additional new n.ame without solid foundation, the writer restrains himself from

the posltive identification of this defective and sterile specimen and ascribes it "

conservatively to the present sPecies. '

'

SuspL'cting the fiainan plant te be identical with A. gymnoPteridzlfZro"s from

Taiwan, CHJNG has treated this species on the basis of Hainan speci'mens only, Hai-

nan spe:imens exam!ned ,by the writer are twe sheets of LEi 966 (KYO, TI).

le Acta Phytotax. Geobot.

'





These specimens are like Taiwan specimens in essentials but srnaller, with

the lamina about 36cm. Iong, the sides of pinnae almost parallel, the base of

pinnae slightly auricled and broad-cuneate on acroscopic and round-cuneate on

basiscopic side, and the sori smaller, punctiform, and not confluent. These differencesare due in the main to the fact that the specimens represent rather young plants.At any rate, it is beyond question that the Hainan plants are conspecific with A.

gymnePteridij7rons and that CmNG has properly distinguished this species frorn A.

uroPhylla and A. Psesliana.

A. uroPhylla, a near ally of this species, appears in several literatures on the

fiora of Taiwan, but true A. uroPhylla is as yet not found in that Island. HENRy2

reported PolyPedium uroPhyllum WALL. from South Cape and his record was cited

by MATsuMuRA3 and MMsuMuRA et HAyATA.4 It is highly probable that HENRy's

plant is A. gzymnoPteridipons. D. uroPhylla, listed in some uncritical books on the

flora of Taiwan,5 is mostly Hemigramma decurrens or Tlactaria sp. D. uroPhylla

excellently illustrated by OGATA6 as Taiwan plant is, as considered by CmNG,7certainly A. Presliana, but the original specimen of his plate is one collected bv

himself in Java, not in Taiwan. The writer has seen no specimen o[ A. Preslianacollected in Taiwan.

6. Abacopteris longipetiolata K. IwATsuKi, sp. nov.

Ex affinitate A. triPhyllae va= Parishii, exstat laminae in ambitu oblongae vel

ovato-oblongae, non triangulari, pinnis lateralibus brevissime sed distincte petiolu-latis, texturae crassiori, firme papyraceae; ab A gym"oPteridiponde differt: multo

minore, 25-40cm. Ionga, paleis inaequaliter ciliatis, venis inferne minus elevatis,

soris confiuentibus, exindusiatis.

Rhizome long creeping, 3-4mm. thick when dry, hairy and sparsely scaly,

bearing stipes at intervals of 2-5cm. Stipe 10-30cm. Iong, stramineous, beset with

short and soft hairs, glabrescent afterward, sparsely scaly near the base. Scaleson the rhizome and the basal part of stipe narrowly deltoid-ianceolate, graduallyattenuatetoward finely acuminate apex, to about 3.5 rnm. Iong and O,7mm. broad,

sparsely hairy on the back and ciliate on the margin; hairs on the rhizome and

the fronds short and pustulous, usually hooked at the apex. Lamina not particularly

2 HENRY, List Pl, Formes. 114 (1896).3 MATSUM. Ind. Pl. Jap. 1: 327 (1904), as Nliphrodium umplplinm (WALL.) KEYS,4 MATSUM, et HAYATA. Enum. Pl. Formos. 578 (:906), as Naph,vdizam umphyUu"t (WALL.) KEYS,5 As an example we may refer to T. ito's "Zoku

Taiwan Shokubutsu Zusetsu (blT:ltatshapa em) pl. ]23--ta5 (1928)

";

the plates represent no doubt rlactaria sp.6 OGATA. Icon. Fil. Jap, 6. pl. 272 (1935). Through the courtecy of Dr T, VVATANABE and Mr M. TOGASHI, the writer has been

permittgd to examine the original specimen gf OGATA's pl.272. The writer heartily appreciates their kindness.

CHING. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst, BioL 8; 249 (1938),



The 　Japanese 　Sooiety 　for 　Plant 　Systematios

12 Acta　Phytotax．　Geobot ． VoL 　XVIII，　No ；1

Fig ．6．　 A ．　longz’Petieltzta　sp ．　nov ．　 Type ．　 A 　plant × 1／2 ； B ．　 pinna × 1；

　　 C ．scale 　 x　10 ； D ．　 sporangium × 75．

N 工工一Eleotronio 　Library 　




july 1959 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13

dimerphic, oblong to ovate-oblong in outline, 15--20cm. Iong, 9-14 cm. wide, im-

paripjnnate with a terminal pinna rnuch larger than the next below, the texture

papyraceous; Iateral pinnae 2-4 pairs, oblong to lanceolate, 5-9cm. Iong 1.5-2cm.

wide, acuminate to caudate-acuminate at the apex, round to round-cuneate and

shortly but distinctly stalked at the base, subentire or irregularly crispate-unclulate

on the margin; terminal pinna oblong-!anceo!ate, 9-13cm. Iong, 2.5-4crn. wjde,

caudate-acuminate at the apex, truncate to round-truncate and often unequalsided

at the base, the margin like those of the lateral pinnae; rachis and costae sparsely

beset with short and soft hairs on both sides, the costae straight throughout

or slightly falcate toward the apex. Veins not se conspicuously raised beneath,

more or less falcate upward;veinlets springing frorn the veins at a very obtuse

angle, meeting regularly in opposite pairs and forming slightly curved cross veinlets,

the excurrent veinlets usually free. Sori confluent into crescent-shaped sori, medial

on cross veinlets, exindusiate ; sporangia with a hooked hairs, the annulus of abeut

20 cel!s ; spores unknown.

TAiwAN. Prov. Taito : near Tyokakurai, Taito-gun, at about 800m. e!evations,

TAGAwA 2593 (Holotype in KYO).

Only known from the type collection. It remains in something treacherous

memory of the collector that this species occurs in the same situation as A. gymno-

Pteridipons. As far as the original description is concerned, DTzyoPteris PentaPhylla

Ros. of New Guinea bears some resembrances to the present new species, but it

differs in having strictly two pairs of subopposite lateral pinnae lobed one-fourth

of the way towards the cQsta, the upper pair of which are sessile. A, triPhylla var.

Parishii gives also an appearance'of the present species in having two to four

pairs of distinct lateral pinnae, but in that species the basal pinnae are usually the

longest and the texture is thinner and soft papyraceous.

A new station for The!ypteris erubescens.

On August 13, 1957, while collecting terns on Isl. Yakushima in southern

Kyushu of Japan,Icame across a few plants of 71helyPteris erabescens, and three

months later, TAGAwA found it again at the same station. This is a momentous

range extension; the range hitherto known to us is from North India and West

China to Tonkin, Laos, and Formosa.

Thelypteris erubescens (WALL. ex HooK.) Ching, Bulr. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6:

293 (1936) .- PblyPodium erubescens WALL. ex HooK. Sp. Fi1. 4 : 236 (1862).- DrpaPteris

erubesceons C. CHR. Ind. Fil. 263 (1905>.- Lastrea erubescens CopEL. Gen. Fil. 138. 1947.

JApAN. Kyushu. Pref. Kagoshima: interior of Kurio, IsL Yakushima, IwATsvKi

3036 (KYO); ibid., TAGAwA 8144 (KYO). (K. IwATsUKI)

/

Taxonomic Studies of Pte'ridophyta III - J-Stage

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