OBJECT ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND UML DESIGN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOMMODATION SERVICES SYSTEM

Siti Hafizah Ab. Hamid, Tan Yoke Pei & Nazean Jomhari Department of Software Engineering

Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology University of Malaya, 50630 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

email: sitihafizah@um.edu.my , yoke_pei@yahoo.com , nazean@um.edu.my

Abstract This paper presents a case study highlighting the best practices in designing and building a multi-technology based system. It used web-based application and WAP-base application in a system. It also used object-oriented analysis and UML in designing. All diagrams offered by UML were used successfully during the process. Microsoft .Net provided adequate support for multi-technology and easily to use in term of using object-oriented in design level. The case study shows that object-oriented methodology maintains it best features such as maintainability and reusability even in multi-technology based system. Keyword: Object-oriented analysis, UML design, Accommodation Services System

1. Introduction Object-oriented analysis and design has been used many years ago since it has been published. Developer started using it by developing stand-alone application and move to web-based application [9][10][11]. The advent of wireless protocol in network world gives a big impact to Internet users. Users want wireless protocol to be more reliable in term of processing and security to make life easier. Many researchers has experimented the effectiveness of object-oriented from simple application to complicated [14][15][16][17]. Because of that, this paper is going to show the compatible of object-oriented methodology in multi-technology system that uses web and WAP technology. In this case study, it undertakes the task of designing and developing a web-based and WAP-based accommodation services system that satisfies the requirements of ease to use, adaptability to changing requirements and reusability (in term of implementation). Basically, Accommodation Services System is an web based application and wireless based application that provide services to customers and accommodation people in term of giving easy access of information to customers and information management to accommodation people. These are the objectives of the system:

♣ Develop a hotel web site that allows potential guests visit the web site and know about the latest facilities and promotions.

♣ Provide new reservation opportunity – Internet and mobile phone are accessible anytime anywhere.

♣ To provide a facility to make the cancellation on the reservation. ♣ Develop an interactive online system to increase efficiency of hotel management.

590Copyright held by the author

♣ Develop a database system to store guests and transactions information to speed up the data retrieval process, facilitate and smooth the hotel management.

♣ Provide authentication using login and logout for certain function for the system. ♣ To enable users to do availability checks on selected days of stay and provide a user-

friendly interface to the customers. ♣ To achieve the maintainability of the system in order to maintain the guest profile, hotel

staff authentication, reservation and registration information. ♣ To reduce processing errors due to level of human intervention found in manual

reservation system or in traditional automated reservation system.

2. Requirement and Analysis Object-oriented analysis is the process of analyzing a situation, system or process in a way that focuses first on identification of things, then identifying how those things interact. It is based on the concept of object-oriented programming, a programming style that has been popular over the past year. Object oriented analysis attempts to review a particular situation or process and describe it in terms that are more easily converted to an object-oriented programming language. One particular method is the Unified process. This process uses a standardized modeling language, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), to describe a complex system from conceptualization to implementation [7].

Figure 2.1 : System Requirement The accommodation services system is divided into two applications which are web-based and WAP-based application as shown in figure 2.1. Since the end-users of the system are guest, front desk people, and administrator, the web-based application also has three modules, which are guest module, front desk module, and administrator module. The guest can make and cancel reservation through Internet access of any devices due to the implementation is using both web and WAP. The contents of the module are information, authentication, and reservation. The end-user can get information about the accommodation place from the system. And, the end-user has to register before access the system. Once the user has registered, the user has authority to make reservation of the place. The reservation form needs basic information of the user. However, it is compulsory to him/her to enter valid email address in the form. This is due to confirmation and

A c c o m m o d a t i o n S e r v i c e s S y s t e m

W e b W i r e l e s s

G u e s t M o d u l e

F r o n t D e s k M o d u l e

G u e s t M o d u l e

A d m i n i s t r a t o r M o d u l e

I n f o r m a t i o n A u t h e n t i c a t i o n

R e s e r v a t i o n E m a i l

R e g i s t r a t i o n A u t h e n t i c a t i o n

T r a c k i n g P a y m e n t

A u t h e n t i c a t i o n M a i n t e n a n c e

I n f o r m a t i o n A u t h e n t i c a t i o n

R e s e r v a t i o n E m a i l

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important information that will be given in the future by the system is through email address. Besides, before making the reservation, the end-user can get information about available room in the accommodation place. The end-user can look at the transaction history that he/she has made using this system. The front desk person is an end-user who will register all guests using the accommodation place. Therefore, the front desk module has four functions, which are registration, authentication, tracking, and payment. The user needs to enter id and password for verification before using the system. The user can register the guest; track all guests’ information and room information for monitoring. The payment function gives front desk person access to know the amount of money the guest needs to pay and print the receipt. While the administrator module has two functions only, which are authentication and maintenance. The maintenance is for administrator modifying the information if anything happens. He/She can access both module of guest and front desk. There are no need to make front desk module and administrator module using WAP application because both end-users are using the system in the workplace and has no need to move around. Besides, by using web application, the time access to the information is faster. However, it is implemented in guest module is because for the end-user easily accesses the information at wherever they are. In fact, front desk module and administrator module are very sensitive and critical module that have to consider in term of security. This is why the access is limited to web only.

3. The Design The accommodation service system was designed using UML [7].

a. Use Case Diagram The use case diagram is a visualization of a use-case analysis that has been defined in previous chapter, i.e., the interaction between the system and the users; guest, front desk person and administrator. Figure 3.1 shows the use case diagram.

Figure 3.1 : Use Case Diagram

Add

Delete

Modify

Make Pa ym en t

Fro nt D e s k

Room ID Gue s t N am e Guest ID

R es ervatio n ID

R eg is tra tion IDD ate C heck-In

Ad m inis tra tor

R es ervatio n

R eg is tra tion

Sta ff Authenticatio n

Gue s t Profile

Fo rget Pa s s w o rd

Mem ber R egis tra tion

Make R e s e rva tion

Get H o te l In form a tion

Edit Mem ber's Profile

C he ck Tran s a ctio n H is to ry

Mod ify R e gis tra tio n

C he ck Ava ilb ility

Check-In

Check-Out

Tracking

Maintenan ce

Guest

Lo gin

C an cel R es e rvatio n

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b. Class Diagram The class diagram is the most important entity in object-oriented design and analysis. It describes the types of classes that exists in the system and shows the relationship between them. It also shows the attributes exist in the system and operations involved, and also constraints that apply to the way the objects are connected. Figure 3.2 shows the class diagram.

Figure 3.2 : Class Diagram

c. Sequence Diagram The sequence diagram displays the overall flow of control in an object-oriented program. It captures the behavior of a single use-case. Figure 3.3 shows the sequence diagram of guest reservation.

Figure 3.3 : Sequence Diagram of Guest Reservation

4. Implementation in Microsoft .Net The UML design was successfully implemented using desktop Intel Pentium 4 1.4 GB, Windows XP as operating system, Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and Internet Information Server 4 as web server. Further, it used ASP.Net, HTML, ASP.Net Web Matrix, and VB.Net software. a. Web-based Application

: G uest : Hom e Page : R es ervation Page : M em bers : Gues t : R es ervation : R oom : M as ter Card InfoClic k Res ervation

D is p lay()

Enter Res ervation Inform ation

E nte r G ue s t ID & P a s s w o rd

V e r ifyL o gin()

S e a rc hInfo ()

C lic k S ub m it B utto n

E nte r P a ym e nt Info

B utto n

GenerateRoom Rate()

D is p lay R e s e rva tio n a nd R a te Info rm a tio n

VerifyMasterC ard()R e s erve ()

D is p lay R e s e rva tio n Info

S taffL o gin IDP as s w o rdSt a t u s

L o gin ( )L o go u t ( )A d d ( )M od ify ( )D ele t e( )V alid a t eL o gin ()

M aster C ard InfoC red it C ard N u m be rE xp iry D at eC ard T y p eC ard H o lder F ir s t N am eC ard H o lder L a s t N am e

V erify M as t erC ard ( )

M emberL o gin IDP as s w o rd

L o gin ( )L o go u t ( )F o rget P a s s w o rd ( )V alid a t e L o gin ()

G uestF ir s t N am eL as t N am eE m ailD at e O f B ir t hP h on e N u m b erF ax N u m berSt a t eZ ip / P o s t a l C o d eC it yC o u n t ryG u es t IDIC /P as s p o r t

R egis t er( )E d it P ro f ile ()Seach In fo ( )T rack in g( )A d d ( )D ele t e( )M od ify ( )U p d at in g()

1

0 ..1

1

0 ..1

Registratio nR egis t ra t io n IDR egis t ra t io n D a t eC h k In D at eC h k O u t D a t eT o t a l P ay m en tP ay m en t T y p eT o t a l O f R o omD is co un tR em ark

C h ec k -In ()C h ec k -O ut ( )Search In fo ()T rack in g( )A d d ( )D ele t e( )M od ify ( )U p d at in g()C h ec k A v ailab il it y ()

1 ..*1 1 ..*1

M aster C ardC red it C ard N u m be rE xp iry D at eC ard T y p e

Roo mR o o m IDR o o m N u m b erA v ailab il it yR o o m T y p eR o o m R at e

T rack in g( )C h ec k A v ailb ilit y ()G en erat e R o o m R at e ( )

1 ..*1 1 ..*1

Rese rvatio nR es erv at io n IDR es erv at io n D a t eC h ec k -In D a t eC h ec k O u t D at eN u m b ers O f R o o m sT o t a l C an cel C h argeD is co un tR em ark

R es erv e( )T rack in g( )A d d ( )D ele t e( )M od ify ( )C h ec k A v ailb ilit y ()1 ..*1 1 ..*1

0 . . 1

0 . . 1

0 . . 1

0 . . 1

11 11

1..*1 1..*1

593

Figure 4.1 : Web-based Application b. WAP-base Application

Figure 4.2 : WAP-based Application

5. Results The effectiveness of using object-oriented analysis and UML in implementation of multi-technology system has been approved here. The object-oriented has proved the minimal time taken using this methodology in the design phase as well as implementation. Microsoft .Net is easily to use in combining its technology and object-oriented design, since .Net is using object-oriented architecture as well. It is been shown in the reusing the code from web component to WAP component with the help of UML. Further, because the system was designed using UML, any additions or modifications to the system design was easily facilitated. In term of user response, the system has attracted a lot of Internet and mobile device users. Questionnaire forms has been distributed to 500 users. From there, 350 responders are Internet user only and 150 responders are mobile device user with Internet connection. The percentage of response according to convenience of multi-technology system is as follows:

Convenient 85% Inconvenient 12.8% Not sure 2.2%

Reservation Step 1- Screen

Reservation Step 3 - Screen

Reservation Step 2- Screen

Reservation Step 4 - Screen

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6. Conclusion This paper presents a case study highlighting the best practices in designing and building a multi-technology based system. It used object-oriented analysis and UML in designing. All diagrams offered by UML were used successfully during the process. Microsoft .Net provided adequate support for multi-technology and easily to use in term of using object-oriented in design level.

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