T A A T A A SWITHNES, S. Swiftness ; velocity.

" Efter deith of Canute succedit his son Herald, namit for his gret swithnes Hairfut, quhilk reiosit the croun of Ingland twa yeris." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 8, A pedum velocitate, Boeth,

SWYTH, s. Used for Suth ; E. Sooth ; truth. *?. To SWITHER, v. n. To hesitate. V. SWIDDER, v. S. SWITHER, S. Hesitation. V. SWIDDER, *. *?.

To SWITHER, v.n. 1. To swagger. 2. To talk or act as assuming a claim of superior dignity or merit; to hector. 3. To exert one's self to the utmost. *?.

SWITHER, s. 1. A severe brush, like one who is made to swagger. 2. A trial of strength; applied to the mind.*?.

To SWITHER, v.a. To make to fall; to throw over. *?. SWITHER, S. The act of throwing down, or over. *?. To SWITHER, v. n. To whiz. *?. SWYTHIN, adj. Swedish ; or, from Sweden. *?. SWOFTLY, adv. Swiftly, *?. To SWOICH, S W O U C H , V. n. To emit a rushing or whistling sound. V. SOUCH, V.

S W O N C H A N D , part. pr. Yit induring the day, to that dere drew Swannis swonchand full swyith, sweitest of sware,

Houlate, i. 14, " Swimming," Gl. Pink. But this is too general. The

term may either signify, vibrating, Germ, swenck-en, mo­titare, whence swanck-vederen, pennae remiges, Kilian; or it may denote the stateliness of the motion of this beautiful fowl, as allied to Dan. swink-er, to strut, to have a proud gait.

SWOND.fi. A faint; a swoon, *?.

S W O O N , s. Corn is said to be in the swoon, when, although the strength of the seed is exhausted, the plant has not fairly struck root, S.B. In this interme­diate sort of state, the blade appears sickly and faded. A.S. swinn-an, deficere, to decay.

S W O R D I C K , s. The Spotted Blenny, Orkney. "The Spotted Blenny (blennius gunrellus, Linn. Syst.,)

which, from the form of its body, has here got the name of swordick, is found under stones among the sea-weed, both at low-water mark and above it." Barry's Orkney p. 292. "

S W O R D - D O L L A R , s, A silver coin of James VI. of S, S W O R D - S L I P E R S , s. pi. Sword-cutlers, Gl. Knox's

Hist. But I have not marked the place. *?ee Sup. S W O R L , s. A whirling motion, swirl, synon.

Bot lo ane sworl of fyre blesis vp thraw, Lemand towart the lift the llamb he saw.

V. SWIRL, S. Doug. Virgil, 435, 38. S W O U R N , Wallace, vi. 575. Perth Ed. Read, Smoryt,

as in M S . i. e. smothered. Palyone rapys thai cuttyt in to sowndyr, Borne to the ground, and mony smoryt owndir.

S W O W , s. The dull, heavy sound produced by the regurgitations of the dashing waves ofa river in flood, or of the sea in a storm. &

To Swow, v. n. To emit such a sound. *?. To S W O W M , v. n. To swim, S. To S W U F F , v. n. 1. To breathe high in sleep. 2. To whistle in a low key. V. SOUF. 3. To move past in a whizzing way. *?.

S W U F F , S W O O F , S. The act of whizzing. *?,

To TA, «. a. To take. The v. frequently occurs in this form, even when it is not used metri causa.

His men he dressyt, thaim agayn, And gert thaim stoutly ta the playn.

Barbour, xiv. 263. M S . To, Edit. Pink., take, Edit. 1620.

— W e may nocht eschew the fycht, Bot gif we fouly ta the flycht.

Ibid. xv. 350. M S . V. also Xviii. 238. TA, adj. One ; used after the, " to avoid the concourse of two vowels."

Thusgat, throw dOwbill wndyrstanding, That bargane come till sic ending, That the ta part dissaWyt was.

Barbour, iv. 306. MS, The Quene hir self fast by the altare standis, Haldand the melder in hyr deuote handis, Hyr ta fute bare Doug. Virgil, 118, 15.

TA, article. The, Dumfr. Te, Galloway. 8. '1AA, s. A thread. S. T A A N D F R A , to and from, on this and on that side.

519

Bot the slouth hund maid styntyh thar j And waweryt lang tyme ta and fra, That he na certane gate couth ga.

Barbour, vii. 41. MS. TAANLE, s. V. TAWNLE.

To TA AVE, v. n. 1. To make any thing tough by working it with the hands, Moray, Banff's, pron. q. Tyaave. V. TAW.

2. To touse; to tumble; to wrestle in sport; to ravel. *?.

T A A V E , T Y A A V E , S. Difficulty ; pinch; as, to do any thing with a tyaave, I have a great tyaave, I have much difficulty ; applied to means of subsistence, &c. Banff's. V. T A W A N , which seems radically the same.

T A A V E - T A E S , s.pl The name given to pit-fir, used in Moray and the neighbouring counties, for making ropes, being split into fibres, and twisted. # Denomi­nated from its toughness, taes, toes. See Sup.

T A A V I N , T A W I N , fi. " Wrestling, tumbling," Aberd. " By this time the gutters was coming in at the coach-

door galore, an' I was lying taavin an' wamlin under lucky-

T A C T A E

minny like a sturdy hoggie that has fa'en into a peat-pot." Journal from London, pp. 3, 4. V. VOGIE.

Teut. touw-en, agitare, subigere, Su.G. tag-a, to struggle, A.S. taw-ian, to beat. See Sup.

TABBERN, s. A kind of drum. V, TALBRONE. *?. TABBET. To Tak Tabbet, to take an opportunity of having any advantage that may come in one's way. *?.

TABB1T M U T C H . A cap with the corners folded up.*?. T A B E A N BIRBEN K A M E . Perhaps, an ivory comb made at Tabia in Italy. 8.

TABELLION, TABELLIOUN, S. A scrivener; a notary, T A B E R N A C L E , s. To keep up the tabernacle. 1. To

continue in a full habit of body; not to lose flesh. 2. To use means for keeping in full habit. «?.

T A B E R N E R , s. One who keeps a tavern. *?. T A B E T S , T E B B I T S , S. Bodily sensation ; feeling. My fingers lost the tebbits, i. e. they became quite be­numbed, so that I had no feeling, S.B. See Sup. C.B. tyb-io, tyb-ygw, are expl. sentio, to feel—Lhuyd;

but seem properly to apply to the mind, existimare, pu-tare, opinari; Davies,

T A B E T L E S S , T A P E T L E S S , T E B B I T L E S S , adj. 1. Not as

expl. by Shirr, and Sibb., " without strength," but destitute of sensation, benumbed, S.B. See Sup.

But toil and heat so overpowr'd her pith, That she grew tabetless and swarft therewith,

Ross's Helenore, p. 25, 2. « Heedless; foolish," Gl. Burns, S.O.

The tapetless ramfeezl'd hizzie, She's saft at best, and something lazy.—Burns,iii. 243,

This is undoubtedly the same word. TABILLIS, s.pl. Boards for playing at draughts or chess. T A B I N , s. A sort of waved silk. E. Tabby. *?. T A B L E , T A B L E S . The designation given to the per,

manent council held at Edinburgh, to manage the affairs of the covenanters during the reign of Charles I.

T A B L E - S E A T , s, A square seat in a church. *?. T A B L E T , T A B I L L E T , S. A small enclosure for hold­

ing relics ; a small square box. *?. T A B L E T , T A B L I T A F A C E . Syn. Hast, Fassit, q. v.*?. TABOURS.fi.jo/. A beating; a drubbing. 8. T A B R A G H , s. A term applied to animal food, that is nearly in the state of carrion, Fife ; perhaps corr. from CABROCH. q. v.

T A B U R N E , s. A tabour, V. ROBIN-HOOD. *?. To T A C H , TATCH, V. a. To arrest; to attach. See S,

As he thus raid in gret angyr and teyne, Off Inglissmen thar folowed him fyfteyn, Wicht, wallyt men, that towart him couth draw, With a maser, to tach hym to the law.

Wallace, vii. 304. MSi Tack, Edit. Perth; teach, Edit. 1648, 1673. Most probably abbrev. from Fr. attach-er; L.B. attach-

iare, which, according to Hickes, primarily signifies, to seize by the hands of lictors or officers. But these terms, as well as Ital. attac-are, Hisp. atac-ar, acknowledge a Goth, origin; A.S. taec-an, Isl. tak-a, tak-ia, to take; Su.G. tag-a, Belg. tack-en, to apprehend. Isl. tak denotes the apprehension of those who struggle; luctantium ar-reptatio, G. Andr. Moes.G, attek-an, tangere, probably expresses the primary idea.

T A C H T , adj. Tight; tense ; close, S.B. Sw. tact, id. T A C K , T A K , S. The act of taking; particularly used

to denote violent seizure. —" Certane gentilmen—hes vsit to tak Caupis, of the

quhilk tak thair, and exactioun thairof, our souerane Lord, 520

and his thre estatis knew na perfite nor ressonabill cause, Acts, Ja. IV. 1489. c. 35, Edit. 1566. Tache, Edit. Mur, ray, c, 18.

T A C K , s. A slight hold or fastening. It hings by a tack, It has a very slight hold, S, from the E. v. tack.

T A C K , T A K E , S. The act of catching fishes ; a gude tack, success in catching, S, " He [the King] suld haue of euery boate, that passis to

the draue and slayis herring, an thousand herring of ilk tack that halds, viz. of the lambmes tack, of the winter tack, and of the Lentron tack." Skene, Verb, Sign, vo, Assisa. " This ile hath alsa salt water loches, to wit, Ear, ane

little small loche with guid take of herringes.—Then is Lochfyne, quherein ther is a guid take of herringes," Monroe's Iles, p. 18. Isl. tek-ia, captura, G. Andr.

T A C K , T A K K , T A C K E , S. 1. The lease of a house or farm, S. " Suppois the Lordis sell or annaly that land or landis,

the takaris sail remaine with thair takkis, vnto the ischie of thair termis, quhais handis that euer thay landis cum to, for siclyke maill, as thay tuik thame for." Acts, Ja, II. 1449. c. 17. Ed. 1566, Tache, Skene.

2, Possession. A lang tack of any thing; long posses­sion of it, S. Hence,

T A C K S M A N , S. 1, One who holds a lease from another, S, " An assignation by the tenant without the landlord's

consent, though it infers no forfeiture of the right of tack itself against the tacksman, can transmit no right from him to the assignee." Erskine's Instit. B. ii. T, 6, s, 31, SeeS. 2. In the Highlands, used in a peculiar sense, as de­noting a tenant ofa higher class. " In this country, when a man takes a lease of a whole

farm, and pays L.50 sterling, or upwards, of yearly rent, he is called a tacksman ; when two or more join about a farm, and each of them pays a sum less than L.50, they are called tenants." P. Lochgoil-head, Argyles. Statist Ace. iii. 186, N. " By tacksmen is understood such as lease one or more

farms; and by tenants, such as rent only an half, a fourth, or an eighth ofa farm." P. S. Knapdale, Argyles. Statist, Ace. xix, 323, N. See Sup.

T A C K E T , s. A small nail, 73. —Johny cobbles up his shoe

Wi' tackets large and lang, V. CL A M P , S. Morison's Poems, p, 47, The idea of lang is not quite correspondent. Evidently a deriv. from E. tack, id. which denotes a nail

so small that it only as it were lacks one thing to another, W H I S K Y - T A C K E T , S, A pimple, supposed to proceed

from intemperance, *?. T A C K I T , Tongue-tackit, adj. 1. Having the tongue

fastened by a small film, which must sometimes be cut in infants, to enable them to suck, S.

2. Tongue-tied, either as signifying silence, or an im» pediment in speech, S. He was nae tongue-tackit with them, i, e. he spoke freely,

T A C K L E , s. An arrow. V. T A K Y L L . *?. T A D E , SHEEP-TADE, S. The sheep-louse ; the tick. *?. TAE, adj. One. *?, TAE, s. 1. The toe, S. A, Bor. See Sup. 2. The prong of a fork, leister, &c.

TAE'SPLENGTH, S. TheshortestcUstance conceivable. *?. THREE-TAE'D,part, adj, Having three prongs. *?. TAE, s. Applied to the branch of a drain, *?. TAE, prep. To. ,S,

T A G

To TAEN, v. a. To lay hands on the head of one who is caught in a game. <?•

T A E N I N G , S. The act above described. <?.

T A E N about, part. pa. V. T A N E . *?. T A F F - D Y K E , fi. A fence made of turf. *?. T A F F E R E L , adj. Thoughtless ; giddy ; ill-dressed.*?. TAFFIE, s. Treacle mixed with flour, and boiled till it acquire consistency ; a Hallowe'en sweetmeat. *?.

TAFFIL, T A I F L E . $. A table. N o w it generally de­notes one ofa small size, S.B. —" There was a four-nooked taffil in manner of an altar,

standing within the kirk, having standing thereupon two books, at least resembling clasped books, called blind books," &c. Spalding's Troubles, i. 23, " Then the Earl of Errol sat down in a chair,—at a

four-nooked taffil set about the fore face of the parliament, and covered with green cloth." Ibid. p. 25, Germ, tafel, Su.G, tafia, tabula eujuscunque generis;

skriftafla, tabula scriptoria. Hence, as would seem, A.S. taefl, a die, because tables were used in playing at dice ; Su.G. tafwel-bord, a dice-table, tabula aleatoria ; taefla, to play at dice; skaf-tafwel, chess.

To T A F F L E , v. a. To tire ; to wear out. *?. T A F F L E D , part. pa. Exhausted with fatigue. *?. TAFT, T A F T A N , S. A messuage or dwelling-house and ground for household uses, S,B. See Sup. This term seems radically the same with E. toft, L.B.

tofium. These, however, must be traced to Su.G. tofft, topt, Isl. topt-r, area domus; in Sw. now corrupted to tomt, the ground belonging to a house. Ihre views taepp-a, claudere, as the origin, because it is customary to enclose houses.

TAFTEIS, s. Taffeta. *?. TAG.fi. 1. The latchet of a shoe. 2. Any thing used for tying, S. Isl. taug, a thong, from teig-a, to stretch. Tag has a

similar sense, vimen lentum ; radices virgultorum flexiles, Verel. taygar, fibrae. Su.G. tagg, cuspis, aculeus, i. e. a point, a name also commonly given S. to a shoe-latchet. Mr. Tooke derives E. tag from A.S. ti-an, vincere, view­ing it as the part. past. 3. A long and thin slice of any thing ; as, a lag of skate, i. e. a slice of skate hung up to be dried in tbe sun, S.

4. Trumpery ; trifling articles. Thus quhan thay had reddit the raggis, To roume thay wer inspyrit;

Tuk up thair taipis, and all thair taggis, Fure furth as thay war fyrit.

Symmye and His Bruder, Chron. S.P. i. 360. Perhaps it may denote shreds of parchment on which

pardons or indulgences were written. The language seems borrowed from a tailor's board. 5. Any little object hanging loosely from a larger one. *?. To T A G , 9. a. To tie. *?. TAG, s. A disease affecting the tail of sheep, *?. To TKG, v.n. To wane ; applied to the moon. <?. T A G , s. The white hair on the point of the tail of a cow or stot. 8.

T A G G I E , S. A C O W having the point of its tail white. *?. T A G G I T , T A G G E D , part. adj. Applied to cattle having

the lower end or point of the tail white. *?. T A G A N D R A G . The whole of any thing; every bit of it. T A G E A T I S , *. pi. Apparently, cups. 8.

TAGGIT, part. pa. This rich man, be he had heard this tail, Ful sad in mynd he wox baith wan and pail, And to himselfe he said, sickand ful sair,

V O L . II. 521

T A I Allace how now! this is ane hasty fair.

And I cum thair, my tail it will be taggit, For I am red that my count be ovir raggit.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 38, " Pulled," Pink, But it seems to be the same term,

which in E, is sometimes used as equivalent to tacked. The phrase certainly signifies, " I shall be confined," or " imprisoned." There may be an allusion to a custom which still prevails in fairs or markets. Young people sometimes amuse themselves by stitching together the clothes of those who are standing close to each other; so that when they wish to go away, they find themselves confiued. This they call tagging their tails, S.B. Hence the phrase may have come to denote the act of depriving one of liberty by imprisonment. V, O V E R RAGGIT.

T A G G L I T , adj. Harassed with any thing; encum­bered ; drudged, S.B. most probably originally the same with Taigled. V. T A I G L E .

T A G H A I R M , S. A mode of divination formerly used by the Highlanders, described in Notes to The Lady of the Lake. 8.

T A G H T , TACHT, part.adj. Stretched out; tightened.*?. TAY, T A E , S. A toe, S.

In fere Followit Elymus, quham to held euer nere, Diores, quhidderand at his bak fute hate, His tayis choppand on his hele all the gate.

Doug. Virgil, 138, 27. Tip-tais, tip-toes, Ibid. 305, 2, A.S. ta, Germ, zehe, Belg. teen.

To T A Y , v. a. Perhaps to lead. *?. T A I D , T E D , S. 1. A toad, S. A.S, tade. 2. Transferred

to a person, as expressive of dislike, aversion, or dis­gust. 3. A term of fondness for a child. *?,

T A I D I E , T E D D I E , S. Dim. of Taid, as used in sense 3. *?.

T A I D - S T U L E , S. A sort of mushroom. Paddock-stool. S. To T A I D , v. a. To manure land by the droppings from

cattle, either in pasturing or folding. V. T A T H . *?. T A 1 D R E L , s. A puny feeble creature.

Let never this undought of ill-doing irk, But ay blyth to begin all barret and bail; Of all bless let it be as bair as the birk, That tittest the taidrel may tell an ill tail. Let no vice in this warld in this wanthrift be wanted.

Polw. 4- Montgom. Watson's Coll. iii. 19. Adimin. from A.S. tedre, tyddre, tener, fragilis,imbecillis,

T A I F F I N G O W N , * . Perhaps a species of silk. V . T A B I N , T A I G I E , T E A G I E , T Y G I E , S. A designation given to a

cow which has some white hairs in her tail. O n this account she is also said to be taigit, Fife.

An' whare was Rob an' Peggy, For a' the search they had,

But i' the byre 'side Teagie, Like lovin' lass an' lad.

A. Douglas's Poems, p. 124, To T A I G L E , v. a. To detain ; to hinder, S, See Sup.

Sibb. refers to Teut. tagg-en, altercari. But the term has no connexion with altercation. It is undoubtedly allied to Sw. taaglig, slow of motion, Wideg. togelig, lentus, Ihre. This the latter derives from A.S. tohlice, lentus, lente, from toh, tenax, lentus, from Su.G. tog-a, ducere. The pret. is togh.

TAIGLIT,part.pa. Fatigued; wearied. *?. To T A I G L E , v.n. To tarry; to delay; to procrastinate,*?. T A I G L E S U M , adj. What detains or retards. *?. TAI K I N , s. A token. *?. T A L K N E , T A C K N E , S. A n odd ridiculous person. *?,

3U

T A I T A I TAIKNING, s. A signal. V. T A K Y N N Y N G . *?. TAIL, TALE, S. Account; estimation.

Thai send to Perth for wyn ande ale, And drank, and playid, and made na tale Of thare fays, that lay thame by.

Wyntown, viii. 26. 80. Of me altyme thow gave but lytil tail; Na of m e wald have dant nor dail.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 43. i. e. " Thou madest little account of me." Su.G. tael-ia, A. S. tel-an, to reckon; to esteem.

TAIL,* fi. The retinue of a Highland chieftain. *?. T AIL.* He's gotten his tail in the well now, H e has got

himself entangled in an unpleasant affair. *?. TAIL,* s. The termination of any particular portion of

time; as, " The tail o' har'st," the end of harvest, *?. T A I L - B O A R D , s. The door orhint-end ofa close cart.*?. To T A I L E , v. a. T o flatter one's self; with the relative

pron, conjoined. It especially respects self-deception. And a rycht gret ost gadrit he. And gert his schippis be the se Cum, with gret foysoun of wittaill. For at that tyme he wald him taile To distroy wp sa clene the land, That nane suld leve tharin lewand.

Barbour, xviii. 238. M S . IB Edit. 1620, it is rendered without regard to the M S . For at that time hee thought all haill, &c.—P. 360.

It may possibly be merely A.S. tal-ian, aestimare, used in a peculiar form. But it seems rather the same with Teal, q. v.

T A I L E , S. A tax ; Fr. faille. —Giff ony deys in this bataille, His ayr, but ward, releff, or taile, On the fyrst day sail weld. Barbour, xii. 320. M S .

TAILE, TAILYE, TAILYIE, TAILLIE, T A Y L Y H E , S. 1.

Covenant; agreement; synon. with eonand. And quhen this eonand thus wes maid, Schir Philip in till Ingland raid; And tauld the King all haile his tale, H o w he a xii moneth all hale Had (as it wryttyn wes in thair tailed) To reskew Stre willy ne with bataill.

Edit. 1620, tailyie. Barbour, xi. 5. M S . For bayth thai ware be certane taylyhe. Oblyst to do thare that deide, sawf taylyhe,

Wyntown, ix. 11. 15. " Bond, indenture, so called because duplicates are made,

which have indentings, Fr. tallies, answering to each other," Gl. Wynt. 2. A n entail; merely a secondary sense of the term, as denoting a covenant or bond, S. See Sup.

And at this tailye suld lelyly Be haldyn all the Lordis swar, And it with selys affermyt thar.

Barbour, xx. 135. M S . This respects the entail of the crown on his daughter

Marjory, and her heirs, failing his son David. This worthie Prince, according to the taillie Made by King Robert, when heirs male should

faillie,— Into these lands he did himself invest.

Muse's Th?-enodie, p. 38. O.Fr. taillier is used in this sense, in an instrument

quoted by D u Cange.andbearing date A. 1406.vo. Talliare. To T A I L Y E , T A I L I E , V. a. 1. T o bind an agreement by a bond or indenture.

For had the Talbot, as taylyd was, 522

Justyd, he had sweit in-to that plas. Wyntown, viii. 35. J 99. V. y. 149,

2. T o entail, S. " Of King Fergus, orison to his nobillis, and how the

croun of Scotland was tailyet to hym and his successouris." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 8, b. Rubr. " The lands that were not tallied, fell in heritage to a

sister of the said William, viz. the lands of Galloway." Pitscottie, p. 18.

L.B. talliare, in re feudali, idem est quod ad quamdaro certitudinem ponere, vel ad quoddam certum haeredita-mentum limitare ; D u Cange.

T A I L Y I E , T E L Y I E , fi. A piece of meat. A tailyie of beef, as much as is cut off for being roasted or boiled at one time, S. See Sup.

His feris has this pray ressauit raith, And to thare meat addressis it for to graith ; Hynt of the hydis, made the boukis bare, Rent furth the entrellis, sum into tailyies schare.

Doug. Virgil, 19, 34. — O n every dish that cuikmen can divyne,

Muttone and beif cut out in telyies grit, Ane Erles fair thus can they counterfitt.

Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 149. st. 16. Fr. taill-er, Su.G. tael-ia, Isl. tel-ga, to cut.

To T A I L Y E VE', v. n. " T o reel; shake ; jog from one side to another," Rudd.

Quhen prince Enee persauit by his race, H o w that the schip did rok and tailyeve, For lak of ane gude sterisman on the see; Himself has than sone hynt the ruder in hand.

Doug. Virgil, 157, 30. TAIL-ILL, s. A disease of cows ; an inflammation of • the tail, cured by letting blood in the part affected, Loth. See Sup.

TAILLES,s.pl. Left unexplained; perhaps,pendicles.*?. TAIL-MEAL, S. An inferior species of meal, made of the tails or points of the grains. *?.

TAIL-RACE, fi. V. R A C E . TAIL-SLIP, s. A disease affecting the tails of cows. *?. TAIL-TYNT. 1. To Hide Tail-tynt, to stake one horse against another in a race, the losing horse to be lost to the owner. 2. To Play Tail-tynt, to make a fair exchange. Syn. To Straik Tails. S.

TAILWIND, s. To shear wi a Tailwind, to reap grain not straight across the ridge, but diagonally. *?.

T A I L - W O R M , s. A disease affecting the tails of cattle. T A I N C H E L L , s. Tainchess, pi.

" Syxteen myle northward from the ile of Coll, lyes ane ile callit Ronin ile, of sixteen myle larig and six in bredthe in the narrowest, ane forest of heigh mountains, and abundance of little deir in it, quhilk deir will never be slaine dounwith, but the principal saitts [snares] man be in the height of the hill, because the deir will be callit upwart ay be the Tainchell, or without tynchel they wil) pass upwart perforce." Monroe's lies, p. 23. "All the deire of the west pairt of that forrest will be

callit [driven] be tainchess to that narrow entrey, and the next day callit west againe, be tainchess throw the said narrow entres, and infinite deire slaine there." Ibid. p. 7.

Can this be from Fr. estincelle, etincelle, a twinkle, a flash ? If so, it must refer to some mode of catching deer under night, by the use of lights.

T A I N G , T Y A N G , T A N G , S. 1. That part of an iron instrument into which the handle is fitted ; as, " the taing 0' a graip." 2. The prong of a fork. *?.

T A I N G , s. A tongue of land. *?.

T A I T A I To T A Y N T , v.a. 1. To convict in course of law.

That schepe, he sayd, that he stall noucht. And thare-til for to swere an athe, He sayd, that he wald noucht be lathe. But sone he worthyd rede for schame, The schepe thare bletyd in hys wame. Swa was he tayntyd schamfully, And at Saynt Serf askyd mercy.

Wyntown, v. 12. 1232. "f. attainted," GL It properly signifies, convicted;

corresponding to Fr. attaint, L.B. attaint-us, attainct-us, criminis convictus. Attaincta, attincta, convictio in ac-tione criminali, aut manifestus cujuslibet criminis reatus; Du Cange. 2. Legally to prove; applied to a thing.

" And quhair it be taintit that thay [ruikis] big, and the birdis be flowin, and the nest be fundin in the treis at Beltane, the treis sail be foirfaltit to the King." Acts, Ja. 1. 1424. c. 21. Ed. 1566. In this sense Skene uses attainted. " And gif it be otherwaies attainted (or proven), he quha

is essonyied, and his pledges, salbe amerciat for his non-compearance." 1. Stat. Rob. I. c. 6. s. 3. Attayntum, Lat.

TAI N T , S. Proof; conviction. See Sup. " That within the burrowis throwout the realme na

liggis nor bandis be maid.—And gif ony dois in the con-trare, and knawlege and taint may be gottin thairof, thair gudis, that ar fundin giltie thairin to be confiskit to the King, and thair lyffis at the kingis will." Acts, Ja. II. 1476. c. 88. Edit. 1566. " For gif the assisors sail happin to be convict as men-

sworne in the court, be ane Taynt, that is, be probation of twentie foure loyall men;—they sail tine and forfalt all thair cattell." Reg. Maj. B. i. c. 14. s. 2. 3. "Attaint or Taynt, is called the deliverance or proba­

tion of 24 leil men, the quhilk may be called an great assise." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Attaynt. This seems the same with S.B. tint, commonly used in

the phrase tint nor tryal, with respect to any thing about which there is no information.

Sae sair for Nory she was now in pain; And Colin too, for he had gane to try; But tint nor trial she had gotten nane, Of her that first, or him that last was gane.

Ross's Helenore, p. 44. It seems, however, somewhat dubious, whether the

phrase may not signify, that one can neither find certain evidence that a person or thing is tint, i. e. lost; nor, supposing this to be the case, light on any means of re­covery. A phrase somewhat similar, is used by R. Brunne, p. 165. when giving an account of a fruitless search for a fugitive prince.

Sir Guy & Bumund thei com as thei gede, The ne tynt nefond, ne were at no dede.

T A Y N T O U R , s. One who brings legal evidence against another for conviction of some crime. *?•

TAIP, s. A piece of tapestry. 8. To TAIR, v. n. To cry as an ass.

" Than the suyne began to quhryne quhen thai herd the asse tair." Compl. S. p. 59. Said to be "an imitative word," Gl. But it is evi-

dently the same with Teut. tier-en, intentiore voce cla­mare, vociferari.

T A I R D , s. A term expressive of great contempt, applied both to man and beast; a slovenly hash. *?.

TAIRD, T E R D , s. A gibe *, a taunt; a sarcasm, *?. To T A I R G E , v. a. T o rate severely. V. T A K G E . *?. To TAIS, v. a. T o poise ; to adjust; pret. tasit.

Ane bustuous schaft with that he grippit has, 523

And incontrare his aduersaris can tais. Doug. Virgil, 327, 36.

He taysyt the wyr, and leit it fley, And nyt the fadyr in the ey. Barbour, v. 623. M S . Than Turnus smitin ful of fellony, Ane bustuous lance, with grundin hede full kene, That lang quhile tasit he in propir tene, Lete gird at Pallas.— Doug. Virgil, 334, 11.

Rudd. and Sibb. refer to Belg. tees-en, trahere, vellicare. A stickler for Gr. etymology might, without hesitation, deduce it from Totaa-a, ordino. But it is more natural to view it as allied to Su.G. tast-a, Germ, tatsch-en, to grasp, to handle. The root is Su.G. tasse, the hand; originally the paw of a beast. The ideas are nearly connected. One grasps a weapon in the hand, in order to poise it. As Fr. brand-er, and E. brandish, are generally supposed to be from brand, the weapon that is brandished. This word seems to be formed from the manner in which the action is done.

TAIS, T A S , T A S S E , S. A bowl, or cup, S. tass. See S, He merely ressauis the remanent tais, All out he drank, and quhelmit the gold on his face.

Doug. Virgil, 36, 48. This term occurs in a passage which contains a curious

account of the minutiae of politeness in the reign of James V.

" At that tyme ther vas no ceremonial reuerens nor stait, quha suld pas befor or behynd, furtht or in at the dur, nor yit quha suld haue the dignite to vasche ther handis fyrst in the bassine, nor yit quha suld sit doune fyrst at the tabil. At that tyme the pepil var as reddy to drynk vattir in ther bonet, or in the palmis of ther handis, as in ane glas, or in ane tasse of siluyr." Compl. S. p. 226.

Concluding this, we toome a tas of wyne. Legend, Bp. St. Androis, Poems 16th Cent. ii. 308.

Ramsay uses it as signifying " a little dram-cup," Gl. Haste ye, gae

And fill him up a tass of usquebae. Poems, ii. 122. Fr. tasse; Arm. tas, taez; Biscay, taza; Arab, tas,

Pers. Turk, tasse; Alem. tasse, Ital. tazza, Hisp. taga, id. Hence,

T A S S I E , S. A cup or vessel, S.O. See Sup. Go fetch to me a pint o' wine,

An' fill it in a silver tassie. Burns, ii. 200. T A I S C H , s. The voice of a person about to die. *?. T A I S S L E , T E A Z L E , S. 1. The effect of a boisterous

wind, when the clothes are disordered, and one is scarcely able to keep one's road, S.

I—hailst her roughly, and began to say, I'd got a lump of m y ain death this day; Wi' weet and wind sae tyte into my teeth, That it was like to cut my very breath. Gin this be courting, well I wat 'tis clear, I gat na sic a teazle this seven year.

The word is pron. taissle. Ross's Helenore, p. 38, 2. A severe brush of any kind, S. This is called a sair taissle. Also written tassel, tassie, and teasle. 8. The idea might seem borrowed from A.S. taesl, carduus

fulloimm, or fuller's thistle, E, teasel, a kind of thistle used in raising the nap upon woollen cloth ; from taes-an, to teese. It is a curious fact, that this thistle in Su.G. is called karborre, more properly kardborre, q. the carding bur. For, according to Ihre, it is denominated from kard-a, to card; as the Lat. naae card-uus is from car-o, -ere, id, which is generally traced to Gr. x,u^-sit/, tondere. Teut. kaerde, kaerden-kruyd, kaerden-distel, id. A san­guine theorist might infer, that, among the Western nations at least, the nse of cards had been suggested by

T A I T A K the burs of thistles; or, that these had been used, instead of cards, by men in a simple state of society.

Taissk might seem to be the same with tussel, Used in the sense of struggle, N. and S. of E. (Grose, Prov. Gl.) adopted by P. Pindar. But tussel is synon. with S. Tousle, q. v. which is still used as if quite a different word from taissle. Whether tussel be related to Germ, tusel-n, tundere, percutere, is doubtful.

To T A I S S L E , v.a. 1. Applied to the action of the wind when boisterous. I was sair taisslit wi' the wind. 2. To examine with such strictness as to puzzle or perplex the respondent. *?.

To T A I S T , v. n. T o grope; used to express the action of one groping before him with his spear, while wad­ing through a deep trench filled with water.

Arayit weill in all his ger, Schot on the dyik, and with his sper Taistyt, till he it our woud : Bot till his tbrot the watyr stud,

Barbour, ix, 388. M S . Mr. Pinkerton has overlooked this word; which is

evidently synon. with Belg. tast-en, to grope, to handle, to feel} Germ, id., also antast-en; Su.G. tast-a, antast-a, id, Ital. tast-are, Fr. tast-er, tat-er, used in the same sense, are clearly of Goth, origin. Wachter derives the Germ, v, from tasche, Su.G. tasse, the paw of an animal, which originally signified the hand. Germ, tasche still denotes a clumsy fist. Teut. met den fast gaen, praeten-tare iter manibus aut pedibus ; Kilian.

It confirms this derivation, that Teut. tetse, tatse, is ren­dered, palma pedis fori animalis; and tets-en, palma tangere.

Seren. assigns the same origin to the E. v, to taste. It seems undeniable, indeed, that this v., as used in E., has been transferred from one organ to another; as originally respecting the sense of touch. Thus indeed the E. v. was anciently used.

Al they wer vnhardi, that houed on horse or stode To touche or to taste him, or taken downe of rode, But thys blinde bachiler bare him throughe the hert.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 98. a. It is remarkable, that while both Junius and Skinner

refer to this as the sense of Teut. fasten, neither has ob­served that it occurs in this sense in O.E.

TAIST, s, A sample. *?. T A I S T E , s. The Black Guillemot; V. T Y S T E . T A I S T R I L L , T Y S T R I L L , S . Adirtygawkish^owfefissort

of woman; oracareless girl who destroys her clothes,*?. TAIT, T Y T E , adj. " Neat; tight," Rudd. Warton, Hist. E. P.

In lesuris and on leyis litill lammes Full tait and trig socht bletaud to thare dammes.

Doug. Virgil, 402, 24. About hir palpis, but fere, as thare modyr, The twa twynnys smal men childer ying, Sportand ful tyte gan do w rabil and wrang.

Ibid. 266, 1. Frae fute to fute he kest her to and frae, Quhyls up, quhyls down, als taii as ony kid.

Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 152. st. 25. It is descriptive of the cruel sport which a cat makes

with a mouse, and of her playful motions before she kills it. The most natural sense is, gay, frisky, lively, playful. I cannot think, with Rudd., that it has any relation to tyte ; as tyte, Ir, teadadh, signifies, quick, active, nimble. But the origin certainly is Isl. teit-r, teit-ur, hilaris, laetus, exultans. Verel. Teiti hilaritas, Landnamab. Gl. Oelteite, merry with drink. Tbe idea seems borrowed from the young of animals; teit-r, pullus animalis, hinnulus ; as, a

young fawn, a kid, G. Andr.; teit-ur, ju vencus, vel eqiiulus exultans, expl. by Verel. merry and lively, as a foal.

It seems to signify nimble, active, in the following passage.

Sa mony estate, for commoun weil sa quhene, Owre all the gait, sa mony thevis sa tait, Within this land was nevir hard nor sene.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 43. T A I T , s. A small portion. V. T A T E . To T A I V E R , v.n. 1. To wander. Tauren, i. e. laiver->

ing. V. D A U I I E N .

This might be viewed as akin to Isl. tauf, mora, genit tafdr; tef-ia, morari, moram facere; G. Andr, p. 234. 2. To talk idly and foolishly. Syn. Haver. To talk in an incoherent manner, like one delirious, S. This may be merely a metaph. signification of the same

v., as applied to the mind. In the same sense one is said to waver, when incoherent in ideas and discourse.

Allied perhaps to Teut. toover-en, Alem. touber-en, toufer-en, fascinare, incantare; which Lye deduces from Teut. doov-en, Alem. tob-on, dob-en, insanire, delirare : as magical arts seem to derive their name, either from the vain ravings of those who use them, or from the stupor produced in the ignorant. O.E. tave is also used in the sense of delirare. V. Jun. Etym, Isl. tofr-a, incantare, tofrad-r, in cantatas.

T A I V E R S U M . adj. Tiresome; fatiguing, S. T A I V E R T , part. adj. 1. M uch fatigued ; in a state of

lassitude, in consequence of hard work, or of a long journey, S. Fortaivert, synon, V. the v. 2. Stupid; confused ; senseless. 3. Stupified with in­toxicating liquor. 4, Overboiled. *?*

TAIVERS.s.pJ. Tatters; as, boiled totaivers, Fife. See Si To T A K . To take, S. A. Bor. used in some senses in which the E. v. does not occur;

To T A K apon, v. a. To conduct one's self; to act a park Wallace so weill apon him tuk that tide, Throw tbe gret preyss he maid a way full wide.

Wallace, v. 43. MS; To T A K in hand, v. a. T o make prisoner.

This Schyr Jhone in till playn melle, Throw sowerane hardiment that felle, Wencussyt thaim sturdely ilkan, And Schyr Androw in hand has tane.

Barbour, xvi. 518. MS; To T A K OW, V. a. T o buy on credit; to buy to accompt,

S, Perhaps an ellipsis for, to take on trust. *$ To T A K on, v. n. T o enlist as a soldier, S. See Sup. To T A K on, v. n. T o begin to get fuddled, S. To T A K on hand, v. n. 1. T o assume an air of import-1

ance ; to affect state. Sum part off thaim was in to Irland borne, That Makfadyan had exilde furth beforne; King Eduuardis man he was suorn of Ingland, Off rycht law byrth, supposs he tuk on hand.

Wallace, iv. 184. MS. 2. T o undertake ; to engage in any enterprise. See *?<

And quhen the King off Ingland Saw the Scottis sa tak on hand, Takand the hard feyld opynly, And apon fute, he had ferly; And said, " Quhat! will yone Scottis fycht ?' ' Y a sekyrly !' said a Unycht,— ' It is the mast ferlyfull sycht That euyre I saw, quhen for to fycht The Scottis men has tane on hand, Agayne the mycht of Ingland,

T A K T A L Ili plane hard feild, to giff batail,'

Barbour, xii. 446. 455. MS.

To T A K the fute, v. n. To walk out; a term used of a child when beginning to walk, S,

To T A K the gait, v. n. T o set off on a journey, S. To T A K with, or wi, v.n. To kindle ; used with respect to fuel of any kind, when it catches fire, S. See Sup.

To T A K , v.a. To give; as, " I'll tak you a blow." *?. To T A K back one's word. To recall one's promise ; to break an engagement. *?.

To T A K in, v. a. 1. Applied to a road ; to cut the road, or get quickly over it. 2. To get up with; to overtake. *?.

To T A K in,v. n. To be in a leaky state; to receive water. To T A K « « , V. n. To meet; as, " The kirk taks in at twal o'clock," the church meets at twelve. *?.

To T A K in one's ain hand. To use freedom with; not to be on ceremony with ; to make free with. *?.

To T A K one in about, v. a. To bring one into a state of subjection, or under proper management. *?.

To T A K in o'er, v. a. Metaph. to take to task. *?. To T A K d or of, v. n. To resemble; as, " H e disna tak o' his father, who was a gude worthy man." *?.

To T A K on, v. n. Applied to cattle when they are fat­tening well; as, " Thae stots are fast takin on." 8.

To T A K one's self to do any thing. To pledge one's self. *?. To T A K one's SELL, v.a. 1. To bethink one's self; to re­collect something that induces a change of conduct. 2. To correct one's language in the act of uttering it. *?.

To T A K to or til one. To apply a reflection or censure to one's self, even when it has no peculiar direction. *?,

To T A K out. V. T A ' E N out. S.

To T A K up, v. a. To comprehend ; to understand. S. To TAK up, v. a. To raise a tune; as, " He tuke up the psalm in the kirk," he acted as precentor. *?.

To T A K VPONE H A N D , v.n. To presume ; to dare. *?. To T A K up wi, v. n. To associate with; to get into habits of intimacy with. *?.

To T A K with, or wi, v. a. 1. To allow ; to admit; as, " I '11 no tak wi' that." 2. To own ; to acknowledge ; as, " Naebody's taen wi that book yet." 3. To brook; to relish ; to be pleased with. *?.

To T A K wi, v.n. 1. To begin to sprout; to take root. 2. To begin to thrive after a temporary decay. *?.

7b T A K one's Wordagain. To recall what one has said.*?. TAKYNNYNG, S. A signal. *?. TAK-B ANNETS, s. A game of children. *?. TAKE,*. Condition of mind; nearly E. Taking. S. TAKE-IN, s. A cheat; a deceiver. *?. TAKET, S. A small nail. *?• TAKE-UP, fi. The name ofa tuck in female dress. >?. TAKIE, adj. Lasting; applied to victuals. S. TAKYLL, TACKLE, S. An arrow. See Sup.

Quhirrand sraertly furth flew the takyll tyte. Doug. Virgil, 300, 20;

Ane haistie hensour, callit Harie, Quha was an archer heynd,

Tilt up ane tackk withouten tary. Chr. Kirk, st. 10. Chron. S.P. ii. 362.

Takil, Chaucer, tack, Gower, id. Rudd. derives this from C.B. tacel, sagitta. Bullet mentions Celt, taeclu, orner, taeclau, ornemens. From tacel comes O.Fr. tack, a shaft or bolt, the feathers of which are not waxed, but glued on. From the same source is tdkillis, Doug, the tackling of a ship.

525

Chaucer uses the word in the same sense. Wel coude he dresse his tdkel yemanly. Prol. v. 106.

t A K I N , S. A token; a mark; a sign, S. V. T A I K I N . Amang the Grekis mydlit than went we, Not with our awin takin or deite.

Doug. Virgil, 52, 20. To the mair meen taikin, a phrase commonly used S.B.,

when one wishes to give a special mark of any thing that is described. Meen may be the same with A.S. maene, Alem. meen, Su.G. men, common, public; q; to rive an obvious mark, or one that may be observed by all."

Moes.G. taikns, A.S.Jam, Isl. takn, teikn, Su.G. tekn, Belg. teycken, Germ, zeichn, id.

To T A K I N , V. a. To mark ; to distinguish. " And quhair thair is na goldsmythtis, bot ane in a

towne, he sail schaw that wark takinnit with his awin mark to the officiaris of the towne." Acts, Ja. II. 1457 c 73. Edit. 1566.

Thou takinnit has sa wourthely With signe tropheal the feild.

Doug. Virgil, 376, 20. Moes.G. taikn-jan, A.S. iaee-an, ostendere, monstrare;

Su.G. tekn-a, A.S. tacn-ian, Isl. teikn-a, signare, notare. A.S. taec-an, whence E. teach, has been deduced from

Sw. te, Isl. ti-a, monstrare. Stiernh. derives it from Moes.G. ataug-ian, ostendere, comp. of at, ad, and augo, oculus, q. to exhibit any thing to the eye.

T A K Y N N A R , S. A person or thing that portends or prognosticates.

The dreidfull portis sail be schet but faill Of Janus tempill, the takynnar of battell.

Doug. Virgil, 22, 7. Thay delfand fand the takynnare of Cartage, Ane mekill hors heid that was, I wene. Paid. 26, 49.

TAKYNNYNG, s.

On Turnberys snuke he may Mak a fyr, on a certane day. That mak takynnyng till ws, that we May thar arywe in sawfte, Barbour, iv. 558. MS.

T A K I N (of snuff), s. A pinch. S. TALBART, TALBERT, TAVART, S. A loose upper garment, without sleeves.

Cled in his nuris talbart glad and gay, Romulus sal the pepill ressaue and weild.

Doug. Virgil, 21, 28. Vnlike the cukkow to the philomene ; Thaire tavartis are not bothe maid of aray.

King's Quair, iii. 37. Chauc. tabard, Fr. tabarre, Ital. tabarro, C.B. tabor, Ir.

tavairl, chlamys, a long coat, a robe. Teut. tabbaerd, penula. T A L B R O N E , TALBERONE, S. A kind of drum.

" That nane of our Souerane Ladyis liegis—cleith thame selfis with wappinnis, or mak sound of trumpet or tal­berone, or vse culueringis," &c. Acts, Mar. 1563, c. 19. Edit. 1566. O. E. taburn, id. Minot, p. 45. Thai sailed furth in the Swin, In a somers tyde,

With trompes and taburns, And mekill other pride.

Fr. tabourin, a small drum. T A L E , s. Account; estimation. V. T A I L . T A L E , * s. Wi his tale ! Wi your tale ! &c. seems

nearly synon. with E. Forsooth ! and intimates deri­sion, contempt, or some degree of disbelief; as, " He's gaun to tak a big farm wi his tale !" S-.

T A L E N T , s. Desire ; inclination ; purpose. Quhen thai war boune, to saile thai wentj

T A M T A N

The wynd wes wele to thair talent: Thai raysyt saile, and furth thai far.

Barbour, iii. 694. MS. First prynce Massicus cummys wyth his rout— Ane thousand stout men of hye talent Under him leding, for the batal boun.

Doug. Virgil, 319, 54. O.Fr. talent, Hisp. Ital. taknt-o, L.B. talent-um, animi

decretum, voluntas, desiderium, cupiditas. Hence Fr. entalant-e, qui aliquid agere cupit. To this is opposed maltaknt, mala voluntas. V. D u Cange. O.E. talent, lust, Palsgraue.

T A L E - P I E T , T A L E - P Y E T , S. A term much used by children to denote a tell-tale ; a tale-bearer, S. See 8. Perhaps from the similarity of a tattler to the magpie,

S. piet, that is always chattering; as for the same reason this bird received from the Romans the name of garrulus.

T A L E R , s. State; condition. In better taler, in better condition, S.B. See Sup.

TALESMAN.fi. One who gives any piece of news. *?. TALLIATION.fi. Adjustmentofonethingtoanother,*?. T A L L I E A F A C E . Cut in angles. Syn, Fast,Fassit, q.v. T A L L I W A P , s. A stroke or blow. 8. T A L L O U N , s. Tallow.

" Na talloun sould be had furth of the realme, for the eschewing of derth of the samin," Acts, Ja. V. 1540, c. 105. Edit. 1566.

To T A L L O N , V. a. To cover with tallow or pitch, or with a mixture of both; to caulk.

Now fletis the meikle hulk with tallonit keile. Doug. Virgil, 113,43.

The talloned burdis kest ane pikky low. Ibid. 276, 32.

T A L L O W - L E A F , s. The leaf of fat which envelopes the inwards of animals ; the caul or omentum, *?,

T A L T I E , s. A wig, Ang. most probably a cant term. *?. T A M M A C H L E S S , s. 1. Applied to a child that does

not eat with appetite. 2. Tasteless ; insipid. *?. T A M M E I S T , pret. v. Apparently, an errat. for ram-

meist, as rent is for tent, Sik a mirthless musick thir minstrels did make, While ky cast caprels behind with their heels, Little rent to their tyme the town let them take, But ay tammeist redwood, and ravel'd in their reels,

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 22. i. e. Went about ravening. V. RAMMIS.

TAMMIE-CHEEKIE, s. The Puffin; Alca arctica. 8. TAMMIE-NORIE.s. 1.The Puffin. 2. The Razor-bill. *?. T A M M Y H A R P E R . The crab called Cancer araneus, Linn. Newhaven. This seems the same with that mentioned by Sir R. Sibbald. Cancer varius Gesneri, the Harper Crab. Fife, p. 132.

To T A M M I L , v. a. I. To scatter from carelessness. 2. To scatter or strew from design. 8,

T A M M O C K , T O M M A C K , s. A hillock. 8. TAM-O'-TAE-END. fi. The largest of puddings. *?, TAM-TAIGLE, s. A rope by which the hind leg ofa horse or cow is tied to the fore leg to prevent straying.

T A M - T A R Y . " To hold one in tam-tary, to vex or disquiet him," S. Rudd. vo. Tary. One might suppose it to be comp. of Isl. taum, habena,

and Su.G. taer-a, consumere ; q. to wear out i.y holding in a rein, to gall by means of the bridle.

It is probable, however, that this might be originally a military term, signifying that men were still kept, as we now say, on the alert; from Fr, tantarare, mot imaginee

526

pour representer un certain son de trompette. Tubae sonus quidam. Diet. Trey.

T A M T E E N , s. Corr. pronunciation of Tontine. S. T A M - T R O T , s. A sweetmeat called London-candy. 8. T A N D L E , s. A bonfire. *?. T A N E , T A Y N E , fi. or adj. One, whence precedes. *?ee»?.

And thay war clepit, the tane Catillus, The tother Coras, Strang and curagius.

Doug. Virgil, 232, 13. The tayne of thaim apon the heid he gaiff, The rousty blaid to the schulderis him claiff.

Wallace, ii, 403. MS. Toon, O.E. id. " Either he schal hate the toon and love the tother."

Wiclif, Matt. vi. " The one of two. Tane is a rapid pronunciation of ta

ane;" Gl. Wynt. Rudd. views the word as formed from ane with t prefixed, as the Fr. put t before il, when the foregoing v. terminates in a vowel. But the tane, the tother, seem to have been originally that ane, that other. A simi­lar form at least existed in O.E.

Heo nomen here conseil, & the folk of this lond radde, That heo bi twene this lond & Scotlond schulde a wal

rere, Strong and heyg on echo syde, ther no water nere, From that on se to that other, that were hem bi twene.

V. T A . R. Glouc. p. 98. T A N E H A L F . One half. *?.

T A N E , part. pa. Taken, S. Bot quhen she saw how Priamus has tane His armour so, as thouch'c he had bene ying : Quhat fuliche thocht, my wretchit spous and Kinge, Mouis the now sic wappynnis for to weild ? —Quod sche. Doug. Virgil, 56, 24.

T A N E - A W A , s. 1. A decayed child, S. 2. A child that exhibits such unnatural symptoms as to induce the vulgar belief that it has been substituted by the fairies in place of the mother's birth. *?, The name seems to have been formed from the vulgar

belief, that the fairies used formerly to carry off, or take away, healthy children, and leave poor puny creatures in their room. V. FARE-FOLKIS.

The Romans had an idea somewhat similar, with respect to certain birds of night, particularly screech-owls; but, according to Ovid, it was doubtful whether they were really birds, or merely assumed this form from the power of witchcraft.

Out of their cradles babes they steal away, And make defenceless innocents their prey.— Whether true birds they were, or had that form From some old ugly witches potent charm.—

Fasti, B. vi. Massey's Transl. p. 303. They believed, however, that these birds sucked the

blood of the infants whom they carried off. T A VIE about. Weel ta'en about. Kindly received and hos­

pitably entertained; made welcome; well cared for.*?. T A N E doun. 1. Emaciated or enfeebled from disease.

2. Reduced in temporal circumstances. *?. T A N E out. Weel tane out, receiving much attention ;

particularly in the way of frequent invitations. 8. T A N G , S. A name given to the larger fuci in general,

particularly to the F. digitatus and saccharinus, Orkn. Shetl. — " The sea-oak, (r .•'•>-,:• vesiculosus, Linn.) which we

denominate black tanr ..... which grows next to tha for­mer, nearly at the .o.iest ebb." P. Shapinsay, Statist. Ace. xvii. 233. " The common sea weed, here called tang, is pretty

T A N T A P generally and successfully used as a manure for the lands," P. Delting, Zetl. Statist. Ace. i. 390. Su.G. tang, Isl. thang, id. Shall we view these words

as allied to Isl. teng-ia, jungere ? T A N G , adj. Straight; tight. Pang, synon. ,?. T A N G , s. 1. The prong of a fork, &c. V, T A I N G . 2. A piece of iron used for fencing any thing else. *?.

TANGIT, pa. Fenced with iron ; having a rim of iron. *?. TANG-FISH, fi. A name of the Seal in Shetl. *?. TANGHAL,s. A bag; a satchel. V. TOIGHAL. *?. T A N G I E , S. A sea-spirit. Sea-Trow, or Kelpie. 8. TANGIS, s. A pair of tongs. *?. T A N G L E , s. 1. The same with Tang. This name is also given to the stem or stalk of the larger foci, S. " The Alga Marina, or Sea- Tangle, as some call it, Sea-

Ware, is a rod about four, six, eight or ten feet long; having at the end a blade, commonly slit into seven or eight pieces, and about a foot and half in length. It grows on stone, the blade is eat by the vulgar natives." Martin's Western Islands, p. 149, This seems formed from tkamigull, the pi. of Isl. thaung, alga,

2. Used metaph. to denote a person, who, although tall, is lank, S.B. *?ee Sup.

We'll behad a wee. She's but a tangle, tho' shot out she be.

Ross's Helenore, p. 21. T A N G L E , adj. 1. Tall and feeble ; not well knit in the joints; as, " A lang tangle lad." 2. Applied to one when much relaxed in consequence of fatigue. *?.

TAN G L E N E S S , S. Indecision; pliability of opinion. *?, TAN G L E - W I S E , adj. Long and slender. <?,

T A N G L E , s. A n icicle, S. See Sup. At first view this might seem to be merely the preced­

ing term, used in a metaph. sense, because of the resem­blance of an icicle to the sea-weed thus denominated. But it is undoubtedly the same with Isl. dingull, an icicle; whence dingl-a, to hang and move as a loose icicle ; pen-dere et motari veluti pendulae stiriae ; G. Andr. vo. Ises-chokull. E. to dangle.

TANGS, T A I N G S , s.pl. Tongs, S. See Sup.

The wyff, that he had in his innys, That with the tangs wald birs his schynnis, I wald scho drount war in a dam. He is no dog ; he is a lam.

. Dunbar upon James Doig, Maitland Poems, p. 92. A.S. tang, Isl. taung, Belg. tanghe, forceps. Junius views

Goth, teing-ia, colligere, as the root. T A N G - W H A U P , s. The whimbrel, Orkn. Scolopax phoeopus, Linn.

TANMERACK, s. A bird. S. TANNE, TANNY, adj. Tawny. 8. TANNER, s. I. That part ofa frame of wood, which is fitted for going into a mortice, S. Su.G. tan, tanor, a tendon ; q. that which binds or unites.

Isl. thvnnor, lignum cui arcus incurvatus insertus est, et quod eum tensum retinet et sustinet; Verel. 2. Tanners, pi. The small roots of trees, Loth, synon. tapouns. In this sense it seems more nearly allied to Isl. tannari,

assulae; laths, chips, splinters; or tein, Sw. teen, surculus; Moes.G. tains, virga, virgula; Belg. teen-en, vimina.

T A N N E R I E , fi. A tan-work, S? Fr. id. T A N N I E S , s.pl. Left unexplained. *?. TANTERLICK.fi. A severe stroke, Fife. See Sup. T A N T O N I E B E L L . Perhaps, St. Anthony's bell. *?.

He had to sell the Tantonie bell. And pardons therein was. Spec. Godly Sangs, p, 6,

" St. Anthony's bell, hung about the necks of animals," Lord Hailes. Fr. tantan, " the bell that hangs about the neck of a

cow," &c. Cotgr. It seems very doubtful, however, if this has any relation to St. Anthony. It seems rather from Fr. tintant, any thing that makes a tingling; whence per­haps S. tingtang, a term often used by children, to denote the sound made by the ringing of a bell. The origin is Lat. tintinn-o, -are, to ring; whence tintinnabulum, a little bell. C.B. tant, the chord of a musical instrument. See S.

T A N T R U M S , s. pi. High airs; stateliness. In his tantrums, on the high ropes, S. Cant E.

— I thought where your tantrums wad en'. V. H O S T A , Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 299. Fr. tantran, a nick-nack; Germ, tand, vanity.

T A P , s. 1. The top of any thing, S. 2. The head, S. Gl. Shirr. 3. The tuft on the head of some fowls, S. Hence the phrase, tappit hen. 4. A top used by boys in play, S. See Sup.

The shape or fashion of his head Was like a con or pyramid ; Or like the bottom of a tap. ColviPs Mock Poem, i. 8.

To B E on one's T A P . 1. To assault; especially by flying at one's head, or attempting to clutch the hair. 2. To attack in the language of reprehension or abuse. *?.

T A P O F LIN T . The quantity of flax put on a distaff. *?. T A P O' T O W . A very irritable person; one whose temper,

like flax, is easily kindled. *?• To T A K one's T A P I N one's L A P , and set aff. To truss up one's baggage and be gone; to go off hastily. >?.

N E V E R A F E owe'* T A P . Always finding fault with one.*?. T A P - C O A T , S. A great-coat; one that goes uppermost. *?. T A P - K N O T , S. A knot or bunch of ribbons, worn as an

ornament in a woman's cap or bonnet. *?. T A P , TAIL, nor M A N E . A phrase used to express that

the account given of any thing was utterly unintelli­gible; "Icould makneither tap,tail, nor mane of it." *?.

T A P , adj. Excellent; capital. V. T O P , *?• T A P , s. To Sell by Tap, to sell by auction or outcry. *?. To T A P E , T A P E out, v. a. T o make any thing, although

little, go a great way, to use sparingly, S. synon. hain.

Then let us grip our bliss mair sicker, And tape our heal and sprightly liquor, Which sober tane, makes wit the quicker,

And sense mair keen. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 378.

Erroneously printed tap, which suggests an idea almost directly the reverse,

Isl. eg teppe, obstruo, obturo; tept-r, cohibitus, shut up, restrained; tepping, restraint; G. Andr. p. 238. Su.G. taepp-a, to shut, to stop up, to fill up blanks in a hedge; taeppa, a field hedged on all sides. This etymon receives confirmation from the similar use of hain, which originally signifies, to hedge in, to enclose by a hedge. Fr. tap-er, to cover, to keep close, is probably from this origin. Isl. taepileg-ur, signifies sparing, parcus, Verel. taepilega, parce.

T A P E E , s, 1. The name given formerly to the forepart of the hair when put up with pins. 2. A small cushion of hair worn by women on the open of the head for keeping up their hair. 8.

T A P E I S , s. Tapestry ; Fr. tapis. — T h y beddis soft, and tapeis fair, Thy treitting, and gud cheir; Gif I the treuth wald now declair, 1 wait thow hes no peir. Maitland Poems, p. 257.

Chaucer uses tapiser, for a maker of tapestry.

T A P T A P TA P E R - T A I L , adv. Topsyturvy. *?. T A P E S S A R I E , s. Tapestry. *?. TAPETLESS.arf/. Heedless; foolish. V.under T A B E T S . T A P E T T 1 S , s.pl. Tapestry.

Amang proude tapettis and michty nail apparall, Hir place sche tuke, as was the gise that tyde.

Teut. tapijt, Lat. tapetes. Doug. Virgil, 35, 22. T A P I S H T , part, pa. In a lurking state.

The hart, the hind, the fallow deare, Are tapisht at their rest.

A. Hume, Chron. S.P, Hi. 388. Apparently from Fr. tapir, to hide, to keep close;

tapus-ant, hiding one's self, lurking, squatting. T A P L O C H , T A W P L O C H , S. A giddy-brained girl. *?. T A P O N E - S T A F F , s. The stave, in a barrel, in which

the bung-hole is. " That no barrel be sooner made and blown, but the

Coupers Birn be set thereon, on the tapone-staff thereof, in testimony of the sufficiency of the tree." Acts, Char. II. 1661, c. 33. It seems doubtful, whether it has received this name

from the cork, or plug that is used for filling the bung-hole. This by coopers is called the tap, S. Perhaps ori­ginally the tapping-staff, i, e, the stave in which the orifice is made for drawing off liquor.

The term blown refers to the mode of trying whether a cask be tight. A little water is put into it. Then, the head being fixed on, a small hole is bored, by means of which the vessel is filled with as much air as it can contain. The effect is, that, if there be the least chink, the force of air makes the water bubble through it.

T A P O U N , s. A ramification, or long fibre at the root ofa plant or tree, S.B. I have met with it in print, only as used metaph., with

respect to Bishops. " All here, praised be God, goes according to our pray­

ers, if we would be quit of bishops ; about them we are all in perplexity. W e trust God will put them down ; but the difficulty to get all the tapouns of their roots pulled up, is yet insuperable by the arm of man." Baillie's Lett. i. 241. Perhaps from Dan. tap, a hollow tube ; or Belg. tapp-en,

to draw out, as these fibres extend themselves so far. T A P P E N I E , A term used in calling a hen. *?. TAP - P I C K L E , S. }. The uppermost grain in a stalk of

oats. 2. Metaph. a thing of the greatest value. *?. T A P P I E - T O U R I E , s. 1. Any thing raised very high

to a point. 2. The plug of paste on the top of a pie. *?. T A P P I E - T O U S I E , s. A sort of play among children, S,

In this sport, one taking hold of another by the forelock of bis hair, says to him ;

" Tappie, Tappie tousie, will ye be my man ?" If the other answers in the affirmative, the first says; " Come to me then, come to me then ;"

giving him a smart pull towards him by the lock which he holds in bis hand. If the one, who is asked, answers in the negative, the other gives him a push backward, saying ;

" Gae fra me then, gae fra me then." The literal meaning of the term is obvious. The person

asked is called Tappie-tousie, q. dishevelled head, from Tap, and Tousie, q. v. It may be observed, however, that Su.G. tap signifies a lock or tuft of hair. Haertapp, floccus ca-piilorum ; Ihre, p. 857. But the thing that principally deserves our attention, is

the meaning of this play. Like some other childish sports, it evidently retains a singular vestige of very ancient man­ners. It indeed represents the mode in which one received another as his bondman. " The thride kind of nativitie, or bondage, is, quhen ane

frje man, to the end he may haue the menteinance of ane 528

great and potent man, randers himselfe to be his bond-man, in his court, be tke haire of his forehead; and gif he there­after withdrawes himselfe, and flees away fra his maister, or denyes to him his nativitie : his maister may proue him to be his bond-man, be ane assise, before the Justice; chal-lengand him, that he, sic ane day, sic ane yeare, compeired in his court, and there yeilded himselfe to him to be his slaue and bond-man. And quhen any man is adjudged and decerned to be natiue or bond-man fo any maister; the maister may take him be the nose, and reduce him to his former slaverie." Quon. Attach, c. 56, s. 7.

This form, of rendering one's self by the hair of the head, seems to have had a monkish origin. The heathenish rite of consecrating the hair, or shaving the head, was early adopted among Christians, either as an act of pre­tended devotion, or when a person dedicated himself to some particular saint, or entered into any religious order. Hence it seems to have been adopted as a civil token of servitude. Thus, those who entered into the monastic life, were said capillos ponere, and per capillos se tradere, In the fifth century, Clovis committed himself to St. Germer by the hair of Ms head; Vit. S. Germer. ap. Car-pentier, vo. Capilli. Those, who thus devoted themselves, were called the servants of God, or of any particular Saint, This then being used as a symbol of servitude, we per­

ceive the reason why it came to be viewed as so great an indignity to be laid hold of by the hair. He, who did so, claimed the person as his property. Therefore, to seiz,e, or to drag one by the hair, comprehendere, or trahere per capillos, was accounted an offence equal to that of charging another with falsehood, and even with striking him. The offender, according to tbe Frisic laws, was fined in two shillings; according to those of Burgundy, also in two ; but if both hands were employed, in four. Leg. Fris. ap. Lindenbrog. Tit. 22, s. 64. Leg. Burgund. Tit. 5, s. 4. According to the laws of Saxony, the fine amounted to an hundred and twenty shillings; Leg. Sax. cap. I, s. 7. ibid, Some other statutes made it punishable by death; Du Cange, col, 243. V. H U S B A N D .

T A P P I L O O R I E , s. Any thing raised high on a slight or tottering foundation, S. Teut. tap, veru, extremitas rotunda et acuta; and per­

haps loer, speculator, loer-en, speculari, or lore, leure, res parvi valoris, res frivolae, nugae,

TAPPIN,s. L A tuft, as that on the crown ofa bonnet.S.O, M y father's thrown his bonnet in the pot! -^Nought o't but the tappin's to be seen.

Falls of Clyde, p. 108, 2. The bunch of feathers on the head of a cock or hen. 3. The head. Probably a dimin. from tap, the top.*?. T A P P 1 T , T A P P I N T , part. adj. Crested. *?. T A P P I T H E N . 1. A hen with a tuft of feathers on

her head, S. 2. A cant phrase, denoting a tin measure containing a quart, so called from the knob on the lid, as being supposed to resemble a crested hen. V. Gl. Sibb.

Weel she loo'd a Hawick gill, And leugh to see a tappit hen.

V. D O B B L E . Ritson's S. Songs, i. 268. 3. A measure of a still larger size, containing a Scots pint. 4. A large bottle of claret, containing three Magnums. 8.

TAP-ROOTED, adj. The root having one principal stem which penetrates the earth; deep-rooted. *?•

TAPSALTEERIE, adv. Topsyturvy, S. But gie me a canny hour at e'en, My arms about my dearie, O ;

An' warly cares, an' warly men, May a' gae tapsalteerie, O ! Burns, Hi- 283,

T A R T A R TAPSIE-TEERIE, adv. Topsyturvy. V. TAPSAL-TEERIE. *?.

T A P S M A N , s. A servant who has the principal charge, other servants being subjected to his orders. 8.

T A P - S W A R M , s. 1. The first swarm that a hive of bees casts off. 2, Applied metaph. to a body of people leaving their former connexion. *?.

T A P T E E , s. A state of eager desire. *?. T A P T H R A W N , adj. Perverse ; obstinate, S. q. hav­ing the tap, i. e, top or head distorted ; or in allusion to the hair of the head lying in an awkward and un­natural manner, S.

T A P T O O , s. 1. A gaudy ornament on the head. 2. To Put one into a Taptoo, to excite one's wrath. *?.

TA P - T R E E , s, A sort of spigot put into a cask for drawing off the liquor contained in it. *?.

To TAR, v. n. To tar and tig, syn grace to thig, That is a pityous preis.

Therfore bewar, hald the on far, Sic chafwair for to prys :

To tig and tar, then get the war, It is ill merchandyse.—Balnevis, Evergreen, ii. 199.

I know not if this word bears a sense allied to Isl. taer-a, donare, sumptum facere; Su.G. id. alere, nntrire; Teut. teer-en, victitari; epulari.

To TAR,* v. a. To besmear with tar. " A' tarr'd wi' ae stick," all characterized by the same spirit. *?.

T A R A N S , s. pi. " Expl. children who have died before baptism ;" Gl. Sibb. " The little spectres called Tarans, or the souls of un-

baptised infants, were often seen flitting among the woods and secret places, bewailing in soft voices their hard fate." Pennant's Tour in S, 1769. p. 157. Gael, taran, the ghost of an unbaptised child, Shaw.

TAR-BUIST, s. The box in which the tar is kept . with which the sheep are marked. V. B U I S T . *?. TARDIE, T A I R D I E , ao??. Peevish; sulky; sarcastical. *?. T A R E T A T H E R S , s. pi. W h a t is torn to tatters. 8. To T A R G A T T , v. a. T o border with tassels.

"All things mislyked the precheors; they spack baldly against the targatting of thair taills, and against the rest of thair vanity; quhilk they affirmed sould provock God's vengeance, not only against those folisch wemen, bot against tbe hole realme." Knox's Hist. p. 330. " Bot fie upon that knave Death, that will come quhidder

wfe will or not; and quben he hes laid on his areist, the foull wormes will be busie with this flesoh, be it nevir so fair and so tender: and the silly saull, I fear, sail be so feabill, that it can nyther cary with it gold, garnisching, targating, pearl), nor precious stones." Ibid. p. 334. Perhaps from Su.G. targ-a, lacerare, an idea not in­

applicable to a tassel. V. the s. T A R G A T , T A H G E T , S. I. A tatter ; a shred, S. See Sup.

Hale interest for m y fund can scantly now Cleed a' my callants' backs, and stap their mou': Their duds in targets flaff upo' their back.

V. C O D R O C H . Fergusson's Poems, ii. 87. 2. A tassel.

There hang nine targats at Johnie's hat, Aud ilk ane worth three hundred pound.

Johnie Armstrong, Minstrelsy, Border, i. 68. 3. Targets of skate, long slices of this fish dried, Ang. synon. tags. Sw. targad, torn; Isl. targar, ramenta, chips. But the

targ-a, minutis ictibus disscin-529

immediate origin is Su.G. V O L . II.

dere, to split by a repetition of light strokes; a frequenta­tive from taer-a, terere. V. Ihre, vo. Sarga.

To T A R G E , T A I R G E , V. a. 1. To beat; to strike. 2. To keep in order, or under discipline. 3. To rate severely. 4 To cross-question; to examine accurately. *?.

T A I R G I N , S. Severe examination or reprehension. *?. T A R G E , s. Metaph., protection or defence. *?. T A R G E D , part. adj. Shabby in appearance; tattered. *?. T A R Y , s. Delay. See Sup.

The thickest sop or rout of all the preis, Thare as maist tary was, or he wald ceis, This Lausus all to sparpellit and inuadis.

Doug. Virgil, 331, 44. T A E Y S U M , adj. Slow ; lingering.

Almychty Juno hauand reuth by this Of hir lang sorow, and tarysum dede, I wys, Hir maide Iris from the heuin has send The thrawand saul to lous

Doug. Virgil, 124, 32. To T A R Y , v. a. To distress ; to persecute.

In Twlybothy ane il spyryte A Crystyn man that tyme taryit. Of that spyryte he wes then Delyveryd throuch that haly man.

Wyntown, v. 12. 1211. Su.G. taer-a, consumere, or targ-a, lacerare.

T A R Y E , S. Vexation ; trouble. For folye is to mary,

Fra tyme that bayth thair strenth and nature falis, And tak ane wyf to bring thameself in tarye.

Maitland Poems, p. 314. To TARYE, v. a. To impede ; to keep at bay. *?. TARIEROCKE, s. A pitchfork. *?. TAR-LEATHER, s. V. MID-CUPPLE. T A R L I E S , s. Lattice ofa window, S. tirless, Fr. treillis.

" Upoun the pavement of the said gallerie he laid a fodder bed, and upoun the windowes he affixtblak claithes, that his shaddow should not be seen, nor his feit hard quhen he went to and fro, and cuttit ane small hole in the tarlies, qnhairby he might visie with his hagbute." His­toric of K. James Sext, p. 75.

T A R L O C H , T A K L O G H , fi. 1. A sturdy brawling female tatterdemalion. 2. A silly inactive girl. *?.

T A R L O C H , T A R L O G H , adj. W e a k ; peevish; stormy ; as, " A tarlogh day," a rough stormy day. *?.

TARLOCHIS.fi. pi. I charge the yit as I have ellis, Be halie relickis, beidis and bellis, Be ermeitis that in desertis dwellis, Be limitoris and tarlochis. — Philotus, S.P.R. iii. 47.

It is perhaps synon. with limitoris, with which it is conjoined; as denoting some sort of mendicant friars. A.S. thearflic, poor, needy. But this is mere conjecture.

T A R N , s. A mountain lake. *?. To T A R R A G A T , v. a. To question. *?. TARRAN,fi. A peevish ill-humoured person. *?. TARRY,* adj. 1. Of or belonging to tar. 2. Applied to dishonest people to whose hands things stick. 8.

TARRY-BREEKS, S. A sailor. *?. TARRY-FINGERED, adj. Dishonest; disposed to carry

off by stealth, S. from tarry, of or belonging to tar, because of its adhesive quality,

Su.G. kla-fngrig is used in a similar sense; literally, one whose fingers itch.

TARRY - H A N D I T , cdj. The same as Tarry-jingered. 8. TARRIE, s. A terrier-dog. ,?.

3 X

T* A R T A R

To T A R R O W , v.n. 1. To delay. This semple counsale, brudir, tak at me ; And it to cun perqueir se nocht thou tarrow ; Bettir but stryfe to leif allone in le, Than to be machit with a wicket marrow.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 122. The S. Prov. seems used in this sense; " Be still taking

and tarrowing; take what you can get, though not all that is due;" Kelly, p. 63. i. e. take what is offered, and allow time for what remains. Also, that, " Lang tarrow­ing takes all the thank away;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 23. 2. To haggle; to hesitate in a bargain.

He that wes wont to beir the barrowis, ;• Betwixt the baik-hous and the brew-hous,

On twenty shilling now he tarrowis, To ryd the he gait by the plewis.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 144. i. e. He hesitates as to the sufficiency of the sura. Tarrow is still sometimes used as signifying that one

murmurs at one's allowance of food, &c. S. 3. To feel reluctance.

But she's as weak as very water grown, And tarrows at the broust that she had brown.

Ross's Helenore. p. 60. Nane of us cud find a marrow,

So sadly forfairn were we ; Fouk sud no at any thing tarrow,

Whose chance looked naething to be. Song, Ibid. p. 150.

" To loath, to refuse," Gl. Ross. This is perhaps more strongly expressed than the term admits. Children are said to tarrow. at their meat, when they delay taking it, especially from some pettish humour, or do it so slowly that it would seem they felt some degree of reluctance. It is rendered "take pet," Gl. Ritson. " A tarrowing bairn was never fat;" S.Prov. Kelly, p. 13. " He tarrows early that tarrows on his kail;" S. Prov.

" The Scots, for their first dish have broth (which they call kail) and their flesh-meat, boil'd or roasted, after. Spoken when men complain before they see the utmost that they will get;" Kelly, p. 135.

Tarrie and tamow are used in this sense as synon. But ye'll repent ye, if his love grow cauld ;— Like dawted wean that tarries at its meat, That for some feckless whim will orp and greet.— The dawted bairn thus takes the pet, Nor eats tho' hunger crave, Whimpers and tarrows at its meat.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 76. 77. "To refuse what we love, from a cross humour;" Gl. ibid. The prep, qfhad formerly been used instead of at. " I am sure it is sin to tarrow of Christ's good meat."

Rutherford's Lett. P. i. ep. 19. 4. To complain ; " I darena tarrow," I dare not com­plain. 5. Applied to springing corn turned sickly. *?.

T A R L O C H , adj. Slow at meat; loathing; squeamish. *?. Perhaps from A.S. teor-ian, ateor-ian, geteor-ian, to fail,

to tarry, to desist or give over. Celt, tario, to tarry, Bullet. T A R S I E - V E R S I E , adv. Walking backwards. *?. T A R T A N , T A R T A N E , S. Woollen cloth, or silk, check­

ered, or cross-barred with threadsof various colours, S. Syne schupe thame up, to lowp owr leiss, Twa tabartis of the tartane ;

Thay comptit nocht quhat thair clowtis wes.— Quhan sewit thaim on, in certain. Symmye §• his Bruder, Chron. Sc. Poetry, i. 360.

Tartan is worn both by men and women in the High­lands, for that piece of dress called the Plaid. In Angus, and some other Lowland counties, where it is not worn by men, women of the lower, and some even of the middle

530

ranks, still wear a large veil of this stuff, rather of a thin texture, as a covering for the head and shoulders. The Philibeg also, or Kilt, worn by the Highlanders instead of breeches, is generally of Tartan.

Notwithstanding the zeal of Ramsay, in ascribing the highest antiquity to the Plaid under this name, (V. his poem entitled Tartana, or the Plaid); there is no evidence that this word was anciently used in Scotland. It is not Gaelic or Irish. It seems to have been imported, with the manufacture itself, from France or Germany. Fr. tirctaine signifies linsey-woolsey, or a kind of it worn by the peasants in France. Teut. tiereteyn, id. vestis lino et lana confecta, pannus linolaneus, vulgo linistima, Iinos-lema, burellum; Kilian. Bullet mentions Arm. tyrtena as of the same meaning with Fr. tiretaine, which he calls a species of droguet, our drugget. L. B. tiretanus occurs in the same sense in ancient M S S . This, according to D u Cange, is pannus lana filoque textus. He quotes the Chartulary of Corbilum, or Nantes, as containing the fol­lowing article. Item ung fardeaulx de Tiretaine vers doit 11 sols ob. These linsey-woolsey cloths were most pro­bably particoloured. But although this should not have been the case, the word, originally signifying cloth of different materials, when it passed into another country, might, by a natural transition, be used to denote such cloths as contained different colours. Or, although the stuff first used in Scotland, under the name of Tartan, might be merely the Tiretaine of the continent; when the natives of this country imitated the foreign fabric, they might reckon it an improvement to checker the cloth with the most glaring colours. Tiretaine is thus described by Thierry, Le Frere's edition 1573. De la Tiretaine, Picard du telon, Coenomanis, Du Beinge, Northman. The passage, I suppose, should have been printed thus. De la Tiretaine, Picard Du Telon, Coenomanis; Du Beinge, Northman.; as intimating that this cloth was called Tiretaine in Picardy, Telon in Maine, and Beinge in Normandy.

Gael, braec is the term used to denote what is parti­coloured. What we call a tartan plaid is Gael, breacan. Perhaps Gallia Braccata may have received its designa­tion from the circumstance of a particoloured dress bein^ worn by its inhabitants, rather than from that of their wearing breeches. See Sup.

T A R T A N , adj. Of or belonging to tartan, S. O .' to see his tartan trouze, Bonnet blue, and laigh-heel'd shoes !

Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 107. T A R T A N - P U R R Y , s. " A sort of pudding made of

red colewort chopped small, and mixed with oat­meal ;" Gl. Shirr. Aberd. p. 37.

I would have gi'en my half year's fee, Had Maggy then been jesting me, And tartan-purry, meal and bree,

Or butt'ry brose, Been kilting up her petticoats

Aboon her hose. V. P U R R Y . Forbes's Dominie Depos'd, p. 35. The last part of the word is evidently Teut. porreye,

purreye, jus sive cremor pisorum; Fr. puree, sap, juice, La puree de pois, pease pottage or the liquor of pease. Perhaps the term tartan is prefixed, because the coleworts used are particoloured. It may, however, be softened from Teut. taerte-panne, testum, q. soup made in an earthen pot; or it may be from Fr. tarte en puree. See Sup.

T A R T E R , s. Chequered cloth, or tartan. S. To T A R T L E atone, v. n. 1. To view a person or thing with hesitation as not recognising the object with cer­tainty, Loth. Perths. " I tartledat him," I could not with certainty recognise him. See Sup,

T A S T A T 2. To boggle, as a horse does, Loth. 3. To hesitate as to a bargain.

« A toom purse makes a tartling merchant;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 17. 4. To hesitate from scrupulosity; denoting an act of the mind.

Some gentlemen, that's apt to startle, Some seem two sentences to turtle,— Contained in this ancient deed.

Cleland's Poems, p. 86. Perhaps the second line was written, Seem at two sen­

tences, &c. ; as the repetition of some mars the sense. Thir Gentlemen have weasands narrow, That makes them tartle, flinch, and tarrow. A medicine I will prescrive, And paun m y thrapple it shall thrive. Send them a while to other nations, Whence their veins may have dilatations. When they return, they'll you request To have the favour of the Test. Ibid. p. 104.

Perhaps q. tartal, allied to Isl. tortallit, difficult to tell or reckon, Verel. from tor, a particle, denoting the diffi­culty one has in effecting any thing, and tala, to speak, to tell; as signifying that one finds it difficult to tell who the person is.

To T A R T L E , V. a. To recognise ; to observe. • *?. T A R T L E , S. The act of hesitation in the recognition ofa person or thing. *?,

TARTUFFISH.arf?'. Sour; sullen; stubborn,Renfrews.*?. To T A R V E A L , v.a. 1. T o fatigue, S.B. See Sup.

The never a rag we'll be seeking o't; Gin ye anes begin, ye'll tarveal's night and day, Sae 'tis vain ony mair to be speaking o't.

Song, Ross's Helenore, p. 134, 2. To plague; to vex ; Gl. Sibb.

This seems merely a corr. of Fr. travaill-er, to labour; to vex, to trouble; Ital. travagliare. This Verel. deduces from Isl. thrael-a, Sw, traal-a, duro labore exerceri, p. 264. Isl. taarfelle, however, signifies illachrymor, G. Andr. to lament, bewail.

TARVEAL, adj. Ill-natured ; fretful, S.B. " The vile tarveal sleeth o' a coachman began to yark

the peer beasts sae, that you wou'd hae heard the sough o' ilka thudd afore it came down." Journal from London, p. 5.

T A S C A L M O N E Y . The money formerly given in the Highlands to those who should discover cattle that had been driven off, and make known the spoilers. *?.

To T A S H , v. a. 1. To soil; to tarnish, S. Fr. tach-er, id. But now they're threadbare worn, They're tasked like, and sair torn, And clouted sair on ilka knee.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 214. 2. Often used to denote the injury done to character by evil-speaking, S. 3. T o upbraid, S.B. 4. T o fa­tigue ; as, To task dogs, to weary them out in hunting.*?.

T A S H , TACHE.fi. L A stain; a blemish, S. Tache, Chaucer, a blot, Fr. id.

2. A stain in a metaph. sense; disgrace ; an affront, S. " Mr. Hog was one from whom the greatest opposition

to Prelacy was expected, and therefore a tash must be put on him at this Synod." Wodrow, i. 41.

To T A S H about, v. a. To throw any thing carelessly about, so as to injure it. *?.

TASK, s. The angel or spirit of any person, Ross-shire. " The ghosts of the dying, called tasks, are said to be

heard, their cry being a repetition of the moans of the 531

sick. — The corps follow the tract led by the tasks to the place of interment; and the early or late completion of the prediction, is made to depend on the period of the night at which the task is heard." Statist. Ace. iii. 380.

Gael, taise, dead bodies, ghosts, Shaw. T A S K E R , s. A labourer who receives his wages in

kind, according to the quantity of work he performs, who has a fee for a certain task, Loth. *?ee Sup. " The taskers are those who are employed in threshing

out the corn; and they receive one boll of every 25, or the twenty-fifth part for their labour ; and this has been their fixed and stated wages, as far back as can be remem­bered." P. Whittingham, E. Loth. Statist. Ace. ii. 353.

T A S K I T , part. adj. M u c h fatigued with hard work. *?. T A S K I T - L I K E , adj. Appearing greatly fatigued. *?. T A S S , T A S S E , T A S S I E , S. A cup or goblet. V. T A I S . T A S S E L L , s. Sair tassell. V. T A I S S L E . *?. T A S S E S , s.pl.

Mon in the mantel], that sittis at thi mete. In pal pured to pay, prodly pight. The tasses were of topas, that were thereto right.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 2. " Cups," Pink. V. TAIS. But it seems rather to signify

bags or purses; for the tasses are described as fixed or tied to the mantell or pall. Su.G. Isl. taska, pera, bulga, Alem. Ital.tasca, Fr. tasche, Belg. tasche, tesche. V. TISCHE.

TASTER, s. Avis marina Taster dicta. Sibb. Scot. p. 22. It is uncertain what bird is meant; not the Tyste surely,

because the author mentions this a few lines below. T A S T I E , adj. 1. Having an agreeable relish ; palatable.

2. Displaying taste; as applied to dress. *?. T A T C H , s. A fringe ; a shoulder-knot. *?. To T A T C H , v. a. To drive a nail so far only as to give it but a slight hold. *?.

To T A T C H in, v. a. To fix slightly by a nail. *?. To T A T C H thegither, v. a. To join together slightly, with nails, as carpenters do to trj' their work. *?.

T A T E , T A I T , T E A T , T A T T E , S. A small portion of any thing; as, a tate of woo, of lint; i. e. of wool, of flax, S. See Sup.

Fleas skip to the tate of woo, Whilk slee Tod Lowrie hads without his moo.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 143. An' tent them daily, e'en and morn, Wi' teats o' hay, an' rips o' corn. Burns, iii. 79.

It is applied to hair, as equivalent to lock, S. Her hair in taits hung down upon her brow.

Ross's Helenore, p. 28. —Apoun his chin feill chanos haris gray, « Liart felterit iatis, with birnand ene rede.

Doug. Virgil, 173,45. It is used by Skene as denoting a portion, or part divided

from another. " Like as ane forke hes twa graines, this precept hes

ane alternatiue command of twa partes.—Itaque hocprae-ceptum est fwcatum,—quhilk is divided in twa taits or parts." De Verb. Sign. vo. Furche.

Sibb. defines it " lock of hair or wool, commonly mat­ted ;" deriving it from A.S. getead, connexus, unitus. But the term does not necessarily include this idea; as appears from the use of the epithet felterit by the Bishop of Dunkeld. Su.G. taatte hodie significat pensum, vel quantum fuso simul imponitur. En lin-taatte, portio lini. Fenn. tulli, Ihre, Sw. tott, totte, manipulus lini aut lanae, ab Isl. toe, Sw. to, tod, lanificium, tomentum; Seren. Thus it seems probable, that this word has had its origin from the pastoral life of our ancestors; when their ideas

T A T T A W were greatly confined to their flocks, and many of their terms borrowed from these. V, FE.

T A T E L O C K , s. A small loch of matted hair, wool, &c. 8. T A T H , T A I T H , T A T H I N G , S. 1. Tbe dung of black cattle, S. laid, Ang. " There is a tradition that a priest lived here, who had

a right to every seventh acre of Ladifron, and to the talking (dung as left on the ground) every seventh night." P. Moniraail, Fife, Statist. Ace. ii. 204.

Isl. tad, dung, manure ; also tadfall, id. q. the falling of the tath. 2. " The luxuriant grass which rises in tufts where the dung of cattle has been deposited," Gl. Sibb. A tuft of such grass is called a tath, S. See Sup. Isl. tada expresses the very same idea : Foenum, laeta-

minis beneficio proveniens ; G. Andr. p. 234. The term tath had been anciently used in some parts of

E. as Suffolk, Norfolk, &c. Dominicum hoc privilegiura faldam liberam vocant forenses : Tenentium servitutem, Sectamfaldae: stercorationem, Iceni Tath. Spelman, vo. Falda.

To T A T H , V. n. To dung; applied to black cattle chiefly, S. laid, Ang. See Sup. Isl. ted-ia, stercorare; also, laetare.

To T A T H , V. a. To manure a field by laying cattle on it, S. See Sup. " The outfield was kept five years in natural grass ; and,

after being tathed by the farmers' cattle, who were folded or penned in it, during the summer, it bore five successive crops of oats." P. Keith-Hail, Aberd. Statist. Ace. ii. 583.

T A T H I N G , S. The act of manuring a field, by making the cattle lie on it, S. " After a tathing, by allowing to lie upon the field at

night, and after milking at noon, two or three crops of oats are taken." P. Kilchrenan, Argyles. Statist. Ace. vi. 268.

T A T H - F A U D , S. A fold in which cattle are shut up du­ring night, to manure the ground with their dung. *?.

T A T H I L , s. A table ; apparent corr. of Taffil, q. v. *?. T A T H I S , s. pi. Gawan and Gol. iii. 21.

Thai gird on tua grete horse, on grund quhil thaigrane; The trew helmys, and traist, iu tathis thai ta.

As it corresponds to the following line, Thair speris in the feild in jlendris gart ga;

it may signify splinters, very small segments: Su.G. taat, a string, a wire; Teut. taetse, tatse, a nail with a large head. See Sup.

T A T H T , s. Same with Tath, the dung of black cattle.*?. TATY, adj. Matted. V. TATTY. *?. TATSHlE, adj. Dressed in a slovenly mariner. <?. TATTER-WALLOPS, s. pi, Tatters; rags in a flut­tering state, S,

TATTY, TATTIT, T A W T E D , adj. 1. Matted; disordered by being twisted, or, as it were, baked together; a term often applied to the hair when it has been long uncombed, S. See Sup. " The hair of thaym is lang and tattie, nothir like the

woll of scheip nor gait," Beilend. Descr. Alb. c. 13. Nae tawted tyke, tho' e'er sae duddie, But he wad stan't, as glad to see him. Burns, iii. 2.

This ilk Strang Aventyne, Walkis on fute, his body wymplit in Ane felloun bustuous and grete lyoun skyn, Terribil and rouch with lokkerand tatty haris.

Doug. Virgil, 232, 2. 2. Rough and shaggy, not matted; as, " a tatty dog."»?.

532

Junius so far mistakes the sense of this word, as to render it terribilis, horridus. Lye, (Add. Jun. Etym.) who gives its proper signification, derives it from Ir. tath, gluten, ferrumen. Perhaps rather allied to Isl. taatt-a, to tease wool. V. Seren. vo. Teaze.

TATTREL, s. A rag. S. TAVART, s. A short coat, made without sleeves. V. TALBART,

T A U C H (gutt.), s. The threads of large ropes. *?. T A U C H E Y , adj. Greasy ; clammy, S.

This might seem allied to Belg. taai, clammy, Teut. taey, tenax; but rather from S. Taulch, a. v.

TAUCHEY-FACED, adj. Greasy-faced. S. TAUCHT.fi. Tallow that has been melted. V. TAULCH.*?. T A U C H T , pret. v. Gave ; delivered; committed.

He taucht him siluer to dispend, And syne gaiff him gud day, And bad him pass furth on his way.

Barbour, ii. 130. MS. Bonnok on this wise, with his wayne, The pele tuk, and the men has slayne. Syne taucht it till the King in hy, That him rewardyt worthely. Ibid. x. 253. MS,

There is no ground for Mr. Pinkerton's conjecture as to the first of these passages, that it should be " perhaps raucht, reached to him, held out to him." N. i. 38. It is merely an abbrev. of Betaucht, q. v.

T A U D Y , T O W D Y , «. A term used to denote a child, Aberd. Tedie, Todie, Ang. Hence taudy fee, Forb. the fine paid for having a child

in bastardy, and for avoiding a public profession of repent­ance ; in some places called the cuttie-stool-mail.

But yet nor kirk nor consterie, Quo' they, can ask the taudy fee.— For tarry-breeks should ay go free,

And he's the clerk. Forbes's Dominie Depos'd, p. 43.

Towdy, however, also signifies, podex ; as in Gl. Everg. T A V E R N R Y , s. Expenses in a tavern. »?. T A L I K , s. Conversation ; talk. $ T A U L C H , T A U G H , S. Tallow, S. tauch.

" It is ordanit that na taulch be had out of the realme, vnder the pane of escheit of it to the king." Acts, Ja. I. 1424. c. 35. Edit. 1566. This is properly the name given to the article by trades­

men, before it is melted. After this operation it receives the name of tallow. S. " Resolved, 1st, That anciently, when Taugh, or Rough

Fat, was sold by Tron weight, it was then of very little value in proportion to its worth now.—2dly, That the standard weight for selling the carcases of Black Cattle and Sheep by is Dutch; and Taugh was sold by Tron weight, merely to make allowance for the garbage or re­fuse, which was unavoidably mixed with it in slaughtering the cattle and sheep." Edin. Even. Courant, Oct. 5, 1805. It is written tauch, in a foolish Envoy of Dunb. Everg.

ii. 60. st. 25. Belg. talgh, Su.G. Germ, talg, Isl. Dan. tolk, id.

T A U P I E , T A W P I E , S. A foolish woman ; generally as implying the idea of inaction and slovenliness, S. *?ee*S'.

" Pottage," quoth Hab, " ye senseless tawpie! " Think ye this youth's a gilly-gawpy ?''—

V. SMEERLESS. Ramsay's Poems,ii. 525. Su.G. tapig, simple, silly, foolish. Ihre views Gr.

6-n-x-a, stupeo, and rotip-av, stupidus, as cognates. Germ. tapp-en, to fumble, tappisch, clumsy.

TAUPiET,/>ar£. adj. Foolish. S. T A W P Y , adj. Foolish and slovenly. *?.

T A W T E A To T A W , v.a. " T o pull; to lay hold of; to tumble

about," Gl. Sibb. Su.G. tae-ja, lanam praeparare, vellicando deducere;

Ihre, vo. To. V. TAAVIN. To T A W , v.a. 1. To make tough by kneading, Ang.; as, Be sure you taw tke leaven weel. 2. T o work, like mor­tar, either with the hand or with an instrument, Ang.

3. To spoil by frequent handling. *?. Teut. touw-en, depsere.

To T A W , R « . T o suck greedily without intermission, as a hungry child at the breast. *?.

T A W A N , s. Reluctance ; hesitation. To do any thing with a tawan, to do it reluctantly, Ang. Hence the Prov. phrase; " H e callit m e sometimes

Frowst, and sometimes my Lord; but it was ay with a tawan." Perhaps allied to the last v. or Su.G. tog-a, toi-a, togn-a, Isl. teig-ia, Moes.G. tiuh-an, to draw; if not to Isl. tauf, mora, tef-ia, morari.

TAW,fi. Difficulty; much ado. Hesitation; reluctance.*?. T A W B E R N , T A W B U R N , S. The labour or tabret.

— — The quhissil renderis soundis sere, With tympanys, tawbernis, ye war wount to here.

Tawbumys, M S . Doug. Virgil, 299, 44. V. TALBRONE.

T A W CHT, s. Tallow. " Sheip tawcht & nolt tawcht." 8. TAWEAL, S. Fatigue. *?. To TA W E N , v. a. To disfigure by handling. *?. TAWEROINE, s. A tavern. *?. TAWIE, adj. Tame ; tractable; " that allows itself peaceably to be handled ; spoken of a horse or cow," Gl. Burns. *?ee *?.

Ye ne'er was donsie, But hamely, tawie, quiet, an' cannie. Burns, iii. 141.

Allied perhaps to Isl. taeg-iast, Su.G. taag-as, trahi, tog-a, trahere, ducere; q. allowing itself to be led; or teg-ia, Isl. tey-a, allicere, as being easily enticed or pre­vailed with.

TAWIS, TAWES, TAWS, S. L A whip ; a lash. As sum tyme sclentis the round top of the tre, Hit with the twynit quhip dois quhirle we se, Quham childer driuis bissy at thare play About the clois and vode hallis al day; Sche smytin with the tawis dois rebound, And rynnys about about in cirkil round.

Doug. Virgil, 220, 7. Rudd. derives it from E. taw, A.S. taw-ion, coria subi-

gere, Belg. touw-en. But it is more allied to Isl. taug, tag, vimen, lorum, juncus. It is evidently a pi. s. q. tagis. Taw is still used in the sing, for the point ofa whip.

2. The ferula used by a schoolmaster, S. tawse. Syne be content to quite the cause, And in thy teeth bring m e the tawes, With becks ray bidding to abide.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 3. " Never use the taws when a gloom can do the, turn,"

Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 57. 3. Metaph. the instrument of correction, of whatever kind, S. *?ee Sup.

— N o w its tell'd him that the taws Was handled by revengefu' Madge.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 179. Hence,

TOTAZ,V.CU "TOwhip,scourge,belaboured.Shirr.S.B. T A W M , S. A fit of rage; a cross or sullen humour;

especially as including the idea, that one cannot be managed, when under its influence, S. See Sup. It might seem allied to Isl. talma, to hinder, talman,

533

hindrance, obstruction, farar talme, that which prevents one from taking a journey, itineris remora, G. Andr.; especially as he, who has agreed to go to any place, when he suddenly alters his purpose, without any apparent rea­son, is said to tak a tawm. But I suspect that it is merely Gael, taom, a fit of sickness, madness, or passion ; taomach, subject to fits; especially as A. Bor. to taum signifies to swoon; Grose.

T A W N E Y , s. The vulgar name for a mulatto. *?. T A W N L E , T A A N L E , s. 1. A large fire, kindled at night

about Midsummer, especially at the time of Beltein, S.O. synon. bleize, banefire. See Sup. " The custom of kindling large fires or Taanks, at Mid­

summer, was formerly common in Scotland, as in other countries, and to this day is continued all along the strath of Clyde. On some nights a dozen or more of them mav be seen at one view. They are mostly kindled on rising ground, that they may be seen at a greater distance " Gl. Sibb. vo. Taanle. &

" A n ancient practice still continues in this parish and neighbourhood, of kindling a large fire, or tawnle as it is usually termed, of wood, upon some eminence, and making merry around it, upon the eve of the Wednesday of Mary-mass fair in Irvine. As most fair days in this country were formerly Popish holy days, and their eves were usually spent in religious ceremonies and diversions, it has been supposed, that tawnles were first lighted up by our catholic fathers, though some derive their origin from the druidical times." P. Dundonald, Ayrs. Statist. Ace. vii. 622. 2. Used to denote a large fire in general. *SV.

Su.G. taend-a, Moes.G. tand-ian, A.S. tend-an, tyn-an, to kindle; Gael, teine, a fire. I have heard it conjectured, that taanle might be merely Beltein inverted, q. Tein-bel. According to the system of the Welsh kingdom of Strat-cluyd, Ave might suppose that the ancient Britons had left this word in the West of S. from C.B. tanlhuyth, incen-dium, a burning flame, Lhuyd; also, rogus, Davies. Ir. teineal signifies touchwood, igniariura. V. BELTELV,

T A W P Y , s. A foolish woman. V. T A U P I E , T A W R D S , s. The ferula. & T A W S Y , s. A cup or bowl. Siller tawsy, silver bowl, Evergreen, ii. 20. V. TAIS.

T A W T I E , adj. Shaggy. S. TAWTIE, TATIE, S. The vulgar name for a potato. *?. TAWTIE-BOGLE, S. A scarecrow. & T A X ATI VE, adj. Having the power of deduction from the force of an argument, or plea, as enfeebling it. *?.

T A X A T O U R , s. An assessor ; one who apportions a tax according to the supposed ability of individuals. *?.

T A X E D - W A R D , TAX T - W A R D , S. A forensic term, de­noting the wardship of a minor, in which a limited sum is accepted in lieu of the whole casualties. 8.

T A X T , s. A tax; an impost. ,?. To TAZ, v. a. To whip ; to scourge. V. under TAWIS.*?. TAZIE, s. A romping foolish girl. Syn. Hailick. 8. TCHICK, interj. LA sound produced by pressing the

tongue on the roof of the mouth, used for quickening a dull horse. 2. An expression of surprise, or of contempt.

TEAGIE, s. A designation given to a cow. V. TAIGIE. TEAK, s. An otter. 8. TEA-KITCHEN,s. A tea-urn or vase. V. KITCHEN.-?. To TEAL, TILL, V. a. To entice ; to wheedle ; to in­veigle by flattery; generally, to tealon, or to teal up, Ang.

With Penny may men wemen till, Be thai neuer so strange of will, So oft may it be sene;

T E E T E I

Lang with him will thai noght chide. Sir Penny, Chron. S.P. i. 140. st. 5.

It also occurs in the Old Legend of King Estmere. Nowe stay thy harpe, thou proud harper, Nowe stay thy harpe, I say;

For an thou playest as thou beginnest, Thou'lt tillmy bride away.—Percy's Reliques, i. 59.

Su.G. tael-ja, pellicere, decipere; Isl. tael-a, decipere, circuravenire, synon. with Sw. beswik-a, Verel. Hence taeld-ur,deceptus, circumventus. Miok taeldr oc swikinn, id.

Tulle, to allure, used by Chaucer, is radically the same. With empty hand, men may na haukes tulle.

Reves T. v. 4132. It seems to be the same word which R. Brunne uses in

a neut. sense, p. 128. It also occurs in the form of Tote. S. In alle manere cause he sought the right in skille, To gile no to fraude wild he neuer title.

Junius views this as allied to A.S. betilldon, used by King Alfred, in rendering the phrase, introductus est, Bed. iv. 26. Add. Jun. Etym. But this etymon is doubtful.

T E A L E R , S . Or, a tealer on,one who entices, Ang. V. the v. T E A L , T E I L , S. A busy body; a mean fellow. *?. To T E A R , v. n. To labour stoutly ; to work forcibly. 8. TEARIN', part. adj. Active ; energetic. *?. T E A S I C K , s. A consumption, Montgomerie. V. F E Y K .

E. Phthysick, id. Gr. <f>0*o-<?. T E A Z , s. The prop on which a golf-ball is placed when first struck off. Syn. Tee. 8.

To T E A Z , V. a. To prop a golf-ball. *?. T E A Z L E , s. A severe brush. V. T A I S S L E . To T E A Z L E , v. a. To teaze ; to vex. 8. T E B B I T S , s.pl. Sensation. V. T A B B E T S . T E C E T , s. A ticket. 8. T E C H E M E N T , s. Instruction. 8. To T E D , v. a. To scatter ; to spread. *?. T E D D , adj. Ravelled ; entangled, S.B.

Su.G. tudd-a, intricare. T E D D E R , T E T H E R , S. A rope with which a horse is

tied, to limit his ground at pasture. *?. 7b T E D D E R , T E T H E R , v.a. 1. To bind by a stake at pasture. 2. To be entangled in an argument. *?.

T E D I S U M , adj. Tedious. Also Teidsome. 8. T E E , s. L A mark set up in playing at quoits, penny­

stane, &c. S.B. Isl. ti-a, demonstrare, q. as pointing out the place;

Teut. tijgh-en, indicare. 2. The nodule of earth, or prop, from which a ball is struck off at the hole ; a term in golfing, S.

Driving their baws frae whins or tee, There's no nae gowfer to be seen.

V. GOFF, a Poem, p. 32. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 205. 3. The mark made in the ice, towards which the stones are pushed in the play of curling. Syn. Cock, q. v. *?.

To T E E , V. a. To tee a ball, to raise it a little on a nodule of earth, at the same time giving it the pro­per direction, S. *?ee Sup. " That's a tee'd ba';" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 64.

T E E , adv. Too ; also. Aberd. Cumb. T E E , s. To a tee, to a tittle; exactly. V. T E E , a mark. <?. T E E D Y , adj. Peevish ; cross-humoured. *?. y o T E E D L E , v.n. Tosingwithoutwords; tohumatune. To TEEM, v. a. To pour out. 8. To TEEM, V. n. To rain heavily. 8. TEEMS, s. A fine sieve for sifting flour for pastry. 8. To TEEN, v. a. To provoke. V. TEYNE. TEEN. Used for evening ; abbrev. of at e'en. S.

534

T H E 'TEEN. This evening. 8. T E E N G E , s. A colic in horses, S. perhaps corr. from

E. twinge. T E E P , s. A ram ; the northern pron. of Tup. S. T E E PIT, part. pa. Stinted in allowances. Syn. Taipit.S. T E E P L E , s. A slight touch or stroke. _ *?. To T E E P L E , V. a. To touch ; to strike slightly. *?. T E E R I B U S and T E E R I O D I N . Tbe war-cry of the

town of Hawick ; still shouted at riding the marches.S. T E E S , s. pi.

The tees of the sadle down yeed, Or else he had born down his steed.—Sir Egeir, p. 46!

It seems uncertain, whether this be the same with teis, Doug, strings, cords; or allied to Teut. tatse, a buckle. The former is most probable.

T E E S . This is mentioned among a list of articles used in incantation.

—Palme crocis, and knottis of strease, The paring of a preistis auld tees. Legend, Bp. St. Androis, Poems 16th Cent. p. 318.

Perhaps for toes, toes, i. e. the nails or corns on his toes ; as strease for stracs, straws.

TEESIE, s. A gust of passion, Fife, To T E E T , v. n. To peer ; to peep out. V. T E T E , TEET-BO, S. Bo-peep, S. Gl. Shirr, synon. Keek-bo.

V. under T E T E . T E E T , S. A stolen glance. Syn. Keek. *?. To T E E T H , v. a. To teeth with lime, to build a wall, either dry or with clay in the inside, using a little lime between the layers of stones towards the out­side, S. q. to indent. " The fences are partly stone walls teethed with lime,

partly ditches with thorn hedges on tbe top." P. Caruock, Fife, Statist. Ace. xi. 482.

T E E T H , A N A N G R Y T E E T H . The fragment ofa rain­bow appearing on the horizon: when seen in the North or East it is viewed as indicating bad weather. *?.

To T E E T H E upon,v.a. To make an impression upon.*?. T E E T H Y , adj. Crabbed; ill-natured, S. A. Bor. A teethy answer, a tart reply. The term conveys the same idea as when it is said that

a man shews his teeth. TEETHRIFE, adj. Palatable ; Toothsome, E. *?. TEETICK, s. The Tit-lark, Alauda Pratensis. *?. TEETLE.s. Old mode of pronouncing the E. word Title.S. T E E V O O , s. A male flirt. *?. T E E W H O A P , fi. The Lapwing, Orkn.

" The Teewhoap, (tringa vanellus, Lin. Syst.) which, from the sound it utters, has the name of the teewhoap here, comes early in the spring." Barry's Orkney, p. 307. V. P E E W E I P and TUQUHEIT.

T E H E E , s. A loud laugh. He got up with a tehee, S. It is frequently used as an interj., expressive of loud laughter. See 8.

Te hee, quoth Jennie, teet, I see you. Watson's Coll. iii. 47.

Tam got the wyte, and I gae the tehee. Ross's Helenore, p. 64,

To T E H E E , v.n. To laugh in a suppressed way. *?. Either from the sound; or allied to Su.G. hi-a, ludere,

Isl. ridere. TEICHER, s.

At every pylis poynt and cornes croppis The leicheris stude, as lemand beriall droppis, And on tbe halesum herbis, clene but wedis, Like cristall knoppis or small siluer bedis.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 449, 30.

T E Y T E I "• Drops of dew, f. a Fr. tacher, to spot; tacheture, a

spot, speckle or mark," Rudd. It seems rather to signify dots, small spots; in which

sense S, ticker is still used, a dimin. from Tick, id. q. v. TEICHEMENT, s. Instruction. V. T E C H E M E N T . *?.

ToTEICHER, TICHER, V. n. l.To distil almost imper­ceptibly, like blood from a very slight cut. 2. Used to express the appearance of a fretted sore. *?.

TEICHER, S. A very small drop. *?. TEIDSOME, adj. Tedious. V. TEDISUM. *?.

TEIGET, part. pa. Fatigued, *?. To TEIL, v. a. To cultivate the soil, S. to till, E.

" W e — b e the tennor hereof grantis and gevis license to thame and thair successors to ryfe out breke and teil yeirlie ane thousand acres of thair common landis of our said burgh." Chart. Ja. V. to the Burgh of Selkirk, ap. Minstrelsy, Border, i. 264. As Mr. Tooke has derived the E. v. from A.S. tilAan,

to raise, to lift up ; observing, that " to till the ground is, , to raise it, to turn it up," (Divers. Purley, ii. 69,) one might suppose that this derivation were greatly confirmed by the synon. expressions, ryfe out and breke, here used.

. But unfortunately, there is no evidence that the A.S. v. was ever used in this sense. It signifies to prepare, to procure; to labour, to cultivate ; to toil; to compute, to assign. V. Lye and Somuer. Isl. till-a, indeed, signifies to lift up; attollere, leviter figere. But I do not find that it is ever used to denote the cultivation of the soil. Nor does Teut. till-en, tollere, admit of this sense.

TEIL, s. A busybody ; a mean fellow. *?. To T E Y M , T E M E , V. a. To empty, teem, S.B. *?ee Sup.

Mony off hors to the ground doun thai cast, Saidlys thai teym off horss, bot maistris thar.

Wallace, viii. 213. M S , Than young men walit, besy here aud thare, And eik preistis of Hercules altare, The roistit bullis flesche set by and by, The bakin brede of baskettis temys in hye.

Doug, Virgil, 247, 5, This Rudd. derives from Dan. tomm-er, vacuo. But the

v. in this form more closely resembles Isl. taem-a, evacuare ; Verel. Teem is also used as an E . v. V. T U M E .

TEIND, T E Y N D , S. Tithe. *?. TEINDIS, T E N D I S , s.pl. Tithes, S. V. Skene Ind.

" That na man let thaim to sett thair landis, and teindis, vnder the pane that may follow be spiritual law or tem-porall." Acts, Ja. I. 1424. c. 1. Edit. 1566.

Fra tbe Kyrk the tendis then H e reft wyth mycht, and gawe his men.

Wyntown, vi. 4. 17. Moes.G. taihund, the tenth part, (whence taihundondai,

tithes), Su.G. tiende, ane. tiund, Belg. teind, id. Hence Isl. tiund-a, Sw. tind-a, tiend-a, Belg. tiend-en, decimare.

To T E I N D , T E Y N D , V. a. To tithe, S. See Sup.

The hirdis teindit all the come. Spec. Godly Songs, p. 19,

V. also Acts, Ja. VI. 1579. c. 73. T E Y N O F R I E , adj. Exempted from paying tithes. *?. T E I N D - M A S T E R , S. One who has a right to lift tithes. *?. T E I N D - S H E A F , S. A sheaf payable as tithe. *?. T E I N D - W H E A T , S. Wheat received as tithe. *?. TEYND, s.

For ony trety may tyd I tell the the teynd, I will noght turn m y n entent, for all this warld brerd.

Gawan and Gol. iv. 7. Perhaps, "I tell thee for the tenth time;" or, "I tell

thee the enquirer;" A.S. teond, a demandant; also, an accuser.

535

To T E I N D , T Y N D E , T I N E , V. n. To kindle, S.

" Cnndle-teening, candle-lighting; Westmorel. To teen and doubt the candle, to light and pu, out the candle;" Gl. Grose. " Ne me teendith not a lanterne, and puttith it undir a

bushel." Wiclif, Matt. v. A.S. tend-an, tyn-an, Moes.G. tand-jan, intand-jan,

Su.G. taend-a, Isl. tendr-a, accendere. Wachter traces the Goth, terms to Celt, tan, fire, Gael, teyn, Ir. tinning : and undoubtedly the affinity is very obvious. H e observes, that to the same family belong tunder, tinder, Isl. tin, tinna, a flint, tindr-a, to emit sparks, tinn-a, to shine forth, tungl, a star, the moon, Germ, tannen bourn, the pine, q. a tree which easily catches fire; and A.S. tender, tyndre, Isl. tundur, E . tinder, q. something that kindles easily. V. BELTEIN.

T E I N D , T Y N D , T I N E , S. 1. A spark of fire, S.B. 2. A spark at the side of the wick of a candle, synon. spender, waster. There's a teind at the candle ; i. e. It is about to run down, S.B. V. the v.

O.E. teend, id. To T E Y N E , T E N E , T E E N , V. a. To vex ; to fret; to

irritate. See Sup. " The Kingis Grace, James the Fift, being on ane certane

time accorapanyit with ane—greit menye of Bischoppis, Abbottis, & Prelatis standing about, he quicklie and pret-tilie inuentit ane prettie trik fo teyne them." H. Charteris' Pref. to Lyndsay's Warkis, A. ii. 6.

The holy headband seems not to attyre The head of him, who, in his furious yre, Preferrs the pain of those, that have him teend, Before the health and safety of one freend.

Hudson's Judith, p. 34. 'Fair gentle cummer,' than said scho, ' All is to tene him that I do.'

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 114. A.S. teon-an, Belg. ten-en, teen-en, tan-en, irritare, Gr.

Tiii/-s<r8cii, id. T E Y N E , T E N E , adj. Mad with rage ; teen, angry, A. Bor.

Towart the burd he bowned as he war teyne. V. TENE. Wallace, ii. 335. MS. Than wox I tene, that I tuke to sic ane truffuris tent.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 239. b. 23. T E Y N E , T E N E , S. 1. Anger ; rage, S.

And quhen the King his folk has sene Begyn to faile, for propyr tene, Hys assenyhe gan he cry, And in the stour sa hardyly He ruschyt, that all the semble schuk.

Barbour, ii. 377. MS. Now sail thou de, and with that word in tene, The auld trymblyng towart the altare he drew, That in the hate blude of his son sched new Founderit Doug. Virgil, 57, 21.

2. Sorrow; vexation, S. *?ee Sup. ' Cess, men,' he said, * this is a butlass payne; ' W e can nocht n o w chewyss hyr lyff agayne.' Wness a word he mycht bryng out for teyne ; The bailfull ters bryst braithly fra hys eyne.

Wallace, vi. 208. M S . Thus it is used by R. Brunne, p. 37, That was all forwondred, for his dede com tene. A.S.

teon, teona, injuria, irritatio. Tene is used by Chaucer and Gower in the sense of grief.

T E Y N F U L L , adj. Wrathful,

. Cum teynfull tyrannis trimling with your trayne. Adhortatioun to all Estates, Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592.

T E I R , s. Fatigue; or perhaps as an adj. fatiguing; tiresome.

T E N T E N It war teir for to tel treuly in tail To ony wy in this warld wourthy, I wise, With revaling and revay, all the oulk hale.

Gawan and Gol. iv. 27. Su.G. taer-a, consumere ; A.S. teor-ian, tir-ian, to tire.

V. TERE.

TEIRFULL, adj. Fatiguing. As thai walkit be the syde of ane fair well, Throu the schynyng of the son ane ciete thai se, With torris, and turatis, teirfull to tell, Bigly batollit about with wallis sa he.

Gawan and Gol. i. 4. TEIS, s.pl. Ropes, by which the yards ofa ship hang.

Than all samyn, wyth handys feit and kneis Did heis thare sale, and crossit doun thare teis.

Doug. Virgil, 156, 14, From the same origin with E. tie. See Sup.

TEIST, s. A handful. *?. To T E L E , v. a. To cultivate, E. to till.

(Quhen seid wantis than men of teling tyris; Than cumis ane, fiudis it waist lyand : Yokis his pleuch ; telis at his awin hand.

Maitland Poems, p. 315, TELELAND, S. Arable land; land that has been tilled. *?. TELISMAN, S. A husbandman ; a farmer. *?. TELYIE, s. A piece of butcher meat. V. TAILYIE. T ELLABLE, adj. What may be told. *?. TELLYEVIE, s. A violent or perverse humour.

Scho will sail all the winter nicht, And nevir tak a tellyevie.—Sempk,Evergreen,i.67.

Apparently the same with S. tirrivie, q. v. or perhaps from Fr. talu-er, to slope, to take an oblique direction.

T E L L I N ' «. To tak Tellin'. 1. To need to be frequently reminded of what ought to be done. 2. To listen to advice, admonition, or warning. S.

TELLIN', adj. Well or good for ; beneficial to; as, " It was tellin' him that be did as he did." *?.

To TEME, v. a. To empty. V. TEYM. TEMED, pret.

For drede thai wald him slo, He temedhim to the king.—Sir Tristrem,p.29.stA0.

" Perhaps from Sax. Temed, or Getemed. Mansuefac-tus, domitus. Tamed." Gl.

Mr. Scott is certainly right. The idea is, to entice forward. For the Goth, words, allied to E. tame, imply not only tbe use of force, but occasionally of gentle and persuasive means. Isl. tem-ia, assuefacere.

TEMERARlTE,TEMERARiTiE,fi.Rashr)essin judgment. T E M M I N G , « . A kind of woollen cloth. V. T I M M I N G.*?. To T E M P E R (a machine), v.a. To put those parts of a machine which immediately perform the work into proper trim for operating in the best manner. *?.

T E M P E R - P I N , S. The wooden pin used for temper­ing or regulating the motion ofa spinning wheel, S.

M y spinning wheel is auld and stiff;— To keep the temper pin in tiff, Employs aft my hand, Sir.—Ritson's S. Songs,i. 175.

T E M P L A R I E , s. A foundation originally belonging to the KnigMs Templars ; or Temple Lands. 8.

T E M P L E L A N D S , s.pl. The lands which formerly belonged to the Knights Templars. V . P R E C E P T O U I E . *?.

T E N A N T - S T E D , adj. Occupied by a tenant. *?. T E N C H I S , s. pi. Taunts ; reproaches. See Sup.

The rial stile, clepit Heroicall, Full of wourschip and nobilnes ouer all, Suld be compilit, but tenchis or vode wourde,

536

Kepand honest wise sportis, quhare euer thay bourde, All lous langage and lichtnes lattand be; Obseruand bewtie, sentence, and grauite.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 271, 31. " Fr. tenc-er, tanc-er, tans-er, to chide, scold, taunt;

tanson, a chiding, scolding, brawling with;" Rudd. Ten-ceresse, grumbling, Rom. de la Rose.

Tance and tence are also used in O.Fr. in the sense of querelle, debat, Diet. Trev. Tanson was applied also to a species of verse, in which poets seem to have carried on a sort of soolding-matob. " The evidences of the poetical talent, which had

hitherto occurred in France, consisted of romances, tales and love-songs, tensons, or pleas in verse, and sirventes, or the overflowings of a satirical humour." Godwin's Life of Chaucer, i. 351.

He here speaks of the period preceding the age of Lor-ris, who wrote the Roman de la Rose.

Tenson. Vieux terrae de Poesie Francoise, qui s'est dit de certains ouvrages des Trouveres ou Troubadours. —lis contenoient des disputes d'amours, lesquelles etoient jugees par des Seigneurs et Dames qui s'assembloient a Pierrefeu et a Romans, dont les resolutions s'appelloient Amets a"Amours. On trouve encore de jolis Tensons dans les vieux Poetes Provenceaux. Diet. Trev.

The Fr. tenson most probably first suggested to our poets that singular species of writing to which they have given the designation of Flyting ; as, The Flyting of Dun­bar and Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 47. The Flyting of Pol-wart and Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. It even des­cended so far as to assume the title of The Soutar and Tailyior's Flyting, Evergreen, i. 190. st. I. V. also Contents of the Vol.

T E N D , adj. The tenth. The tend of this Gregore

The secund, quham of yhe herd befor, The nynd of this curst Emperowre Leo, that lywyd in fals erroure, Oure the Scottis the Kyng Ewan, Wyth the Peychtis, regnyd than, In-til the kynryk of Scotland. Wyntown, vi. 1. 3.

V. TEINDS.

To T E N D , v. n. To aim at; to intend. See Sup. " His Grace tendis on na sort, to moue or do ony thing,

bot that he may justlie be the auise of the thre Estatis." Acts, James V. 1535. c. 38. Edit. 1566. Fr. tend-re, id.

T E N D A L E KNYFF. Some kind of knife. *?. TENDER,*adj. 1. Delicate in health; weakly; ailing.*?.

" Mr. Henderson is much tenderer than he wont." Baillie's Lett. ii. 139, " As, Pope was a tender man.—By delicate, the Scots

mean sickly, and the English beautiful or pleasing. These senses of the words, tender, and delicate, the Scots seem to have taken from the French, who make use of delicat in the same sense as foible, weak or feeble ; and tendre, for douillet, unable to bear any hardship." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 108, 109.

2, Circumspect; avoiding all appearance of evil. 3, Hav­ing a scrupulous mind. 4. Dear ; beloved. 5. Nearly related. *?.

To T E N D E R , V. a. To make delicate. *?• T E N D I R O F B L U D E . Nearly related by consanguinity. 8. T E N D E R L Y , adj. Having the warm regard of kindred. *?. T E N D E R N E S S , * . Scrupulousness in religious matters. *?. T E N E , s. Anger; sorrow. V. T E Y N E To TENE, v. a. To irritate. V. TEY N E , V. TENEMENT,*. I. A house. 2. It often denotes a

T E N T E R building which includes several separate dwellings; as a tenement of houses, S. L.B. tenement-um, Rudd,

TENENDAS.s. The clauseof a charter.which expresses what way the lands are to be holden of the superior. *?.

TENE-WARYIT,part.adj. Oppressed with affliction.*?. TEN-HOURS, s. Ten o'clock. V. H O U R S . *?. TEN-HOURS-BITE, s. A slight feed to the horses in the forenoon, while in the yoke. *?.

TENNANDRIE, T E N A N T R Y , S. 1, The tenants on an estate, or those who pay rent, viewed collectively. 2. The possessions held by tenants. *?.

To TENT, v. a. To stretch out; to extend. The army al thay mycht se at ane sycht, Wyth teutis tentit strekand to the plane.

Doug. Virgil, 264, 50. Fr. tend-re, to extend; Lat. tend-ere, to pitch a tent.

T E N T , s. Care; notice ; attention. 1. To tak tent, to take care; to be attentive, S.

— — The Lord off Douglas alsua, With thair mengne, gud tent suld ta. Quhill off thaim had of help myster, And help with thaim that with hym wer.

Barbour, xi. 451. M S . Dawnus son Turnus, in the nynte tak tent, Segeis new Troye, Eneas tho absent.

Doug. Virgil; Contentes, 12, 45. The pi. is sometimes used. The prince Eneas on this wyse allane The fatis of goddis, and rasis mony ane Rehersing schew, and sundry strange ventis, The Quene and all the Tyrianis takand tenth.

Doug. Virgil, 92, 44. The phrase corresponds to Fr.faire attention. " A story is told of an English lady, who consulted a

physician from Scotland, and being desired by him to tak tent, understood that tent wine was prescribed her, which she took accordingly. It is not said what was the conse­quence of this mistaken prescription ; but as that species of wine is far from being a specific for every disorder, this is a phrase, which, by the faculty at least, ought to be carefully avoided." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 19. 2. To Tak Tent to, to take care of; to exercise concern about a person or thing, S. *?ee Sup.

To say the salmes fast sho bigan, And take no tent unto no man.

Ywaine, ver. 890. E.M.R. Remane I here, I am bot perischit, For thair is few to me that takis tent, That garris me ga sa raggit, reuin, and rent.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 254. R. Brunne uses a similar phrase, p. 220. I rede thou gyue gode tent, & chastise tham sone, For tham ye may be schent, for vengeance is granted

bone. 3. To tak tent of, to beware of; to be on one's guard against, S.

I redd you, good folks, tak tent of me. Herd's Collection, ii. 29.

To T E N T , V. n. To attend; to observe attentively, generally with the prep. to. See Sup.

Spynagros than spekis; said, Lordingis in le, I rede you tent treuly to my teching.

Gawan and Gol. ii. 3. It is sometimes used without the prep. These lurdanes came just in m y sight, As I was tenting Chloe. Ramsay's Works, i. 119.

Abbrev. from Fr. atlend-re, or Lat, altend-ere. Tent, how the Caledonians, lang supine,

V O L . II. 537

Begin, mair wise, to open baith their een, , Ramsay's Poems, i. 50.

To T E N T , v.a. 1. T o observe ; to remark, S. The neighbours a' tent this as well as I.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 75. Think ye, are we less blest than they, W h a scarcely tent us in their way, As hardly worth their while ? Burns, iii. 157.

2. To regard; to put a value on, S. And nane her smiles will tent, Soon as her face looks auld. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 76.

3. To watch over; to take particular care of; to tend. *?. A. Bor. to tent, i. e. to tend, or look to; Ray.

T E N T , adj. 1. Watchful; attentive. 2. Intent; keen. *?. T E N T I E , T E N T Y , adj. 1. Attentive, S. Fr. attentif.

Be wyse, and tentie, in thy governing. Maitland Poems, p. 276.

2. Cautious ; careful. S, T E N T I L Y , adv. Carefully, S.

Back with the halesome girss in haste she hy'd, And tentily unto the sair apply'd.

Ross's Heknore, p. 15. 16. T E N T L E S S , adj. Inattentive; heedless, S.

I'll wander on, with tentless heed, H o w never-halting moments speed, Till fate shall snap the brittle thread. Burns, iii. 87.

T E N T , * s. A square pulpit erected in the. fields, and supported by four posts, rising about 3 feet from the ground; and open only in front, from which the preacher delivers his discourse. <?,

T E P A T E , S. Some piece of dress anciently worn by men : obviously the same with E. Tippet. 8.

T E P P I T , s. Feeling ; sensation. *?. T E P P I T L E S S , adj. Insensible ; benumbed so that no im­pression can be made. Also applied to the mind. S.

T E R , s. Tar. *?ee Sup. And pyk, and ter, als haiff thai tane ; And lynt, and herdis, and brynstane.

Barbour, xvii. 611. MS. Teut. terre, Su.G. tiaera, A.S. tare, id. The origin,

according to Seren., is Sw. toere, tyre, taeda,lignum pingue, ex quo hoc liquamen coquitur.

T E R C E , s. " A liferent competent by law to widows who have not accepted of a special provision, of the third of the heritable subjects in which their husbands died infeft." Erskine's Instit. B. 2. Tit. 9. s. 44. Lat. tert-ia, Fr. tiers. The widow is hence styled the tercer, ibid.

T E R C E R . T I E R C E R , fi. A widow who receives her Terce.S. TERCIAN, s. A cask. V. TERTIAM. *?. TERE.s. Probably, expense. See Sup. 8.

Eschames of our sleuth and cowardise, Seand thir gentilis and thir paganis auld Ensew virtue, and eschew euery vice, And for sa schorte renowne warren so bald, To sustene were and panis tere vntald.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 358, 8. " To bear, undergo, to digest," Rudd. Sibb. views it

as the same with deir, injury. Perhaps it may be viewed as an adj., allied to, or the same with Teir, q. v.

It may be observed, that Isl. tor denotes difficulty in accomplishing any thing. Torfaera, a difficult way; tor-kaend, hard to be known.

T E R E , adj. Tender; delicate. In describing the dresses of the courtiers of Venus, the

poet mentions Satine figures champit with flouris and bewis,

3Y

T E S T E U

Damisflure tere pyle, quhairon thair lyis Peirle, Orphany quhilk euerie stait renewis.

Police of Honour, i. 46. This seems to mean the tender or delicate pile of flower­

ed damask; Teut. tere, tener, delicatus. T E R G A T , s. A blazon. V. T A R G A T . *?. TERLISS.fi. A lattice or grate, V. TIRLESS. *?. TERLYST, TIRLLYST, part. pa. Grated.

A fell lyoun the King has gert be brocht Within abarrace, for gret harm that he wrocht, Terlyst in yrn, na mar power him gaiff; Off wodness he excedyt all the laiff.

Ferlyst, Edit. Perth. Wallace, xi. 197. M S . The full mone wyth bearaes brycht,

In throw the tirllest wyndo schane by nycht. Doug. Virgil, 72, 37.

Fr. treillis, a grated frame; treill-er, to grate or lattice, to compass or hold in with cross bars or latticed frames; Cotgr.

T E R M A G A N T , fi. The Ptarmigan. *?. TERMIN. "It will lasttermin life," it will last for ever. *?. T E R N E , TERNED, adj. Fierce; wrathful; choleric.

Thoch ye be kene, and inconstant, and cruel in mynd; Thoch ye as tygaris be terne, he tretabil in luif.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 54. " The moderator, a most grave and wise man, yet natu­

rally somewhat terned, took me up a little accurately, shewing I might draw the question so strait as I pleased, yet he had not stated it so." Baillie's Lett. i. 134. ,

Belg. toornig, wrathful, toorn, anger, Su.G. foertorn-a, to i r n f n.t p

T E R N Y T E ' , s. Corr. of Trinity. Til tbe Fest of the Ternyte He grawntyd thame trevvyd for to be.

Wyntown, vii. 8. 99. Hence the corr. Tarnty Market, Ang. the name still

given to a fair held, at Brechin, at the time when this feast was celebrated during Popery.

T E R R E T O R , s. Territory. *?. T E R S A I L L , s. The third part ofa pipe ; a terce. *?• T E R S E , s. A debate; a dispute, S.B, To T E R S E , V. n. To debate; to contend, S.B.

Allied perhaps to Teut. tort-en, trots-en, irritare, insti-gare, provocare verbis ferocibus.

T E R S E L ofa tade. Perhaps, husband ofa toad. *?. Foul Flirdon, Wansucked, Tersel of a Tade, Thy meiter mismade hath Iousily lucked.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 5. It may perhaps signify brood, as a deriv. from A.S.

tears, Teut. teers, membrum virile. T E R T I A M , s. A terce ; the third part of a pipe. *?. To T E R T L E , v.a. To take notice of. V, T A R T L E . 8. T E S L E T T 1 S , s.pl. Armour for covering the thighs.*?. TESMENT.fi. 1. A latter will. 2. The thing bequeathed. To M A K one's T E S M E N T in a raip,(rope,) to be hanged.*?. To T E S T , v.a. To put to trial. *?. T E S T A M E N T , s. Apparently the S. coin a Testoon. 8. T E S T A N E , s. Apparently the same with Testoon, q.v. 8. T E S T E F 1 E , s. A testimony. S. T E S T I F I C A T E , s. L A certificate of character in

writing, granting liberty to pass from place to place. 2. A Testimonial, or attestation by a Kirk-Session of the moral character of a church-member, when about to leave the district. /§,

TEST1T, part. adj. Testamentary ; given by will. *?. T E S T O O N , T E S T O N E , S. A Scottish silver coin'vary­

ing in value. See Sup. 538

" There is no mention of these coins in the Scottish statutes before the beginning of James VI.'s time, which tbe French and English call testoons, from their having the kings head stamped on them ; but Nicolson is of opi­nion that their name was common enough in the time of queen Mary, mother of James VI. Certainly Fr. Biancius expressly calls some of the coins of Francis II. of France, and Mary of Scotland, his wife, testoons. Their value in England was always the same as shillings, but among the Soots, at first they were five shillings, and then raised to a higher value." Introd. to Anderson's Diplom. p. 131. The silver coin, weighing about 92 grains Troy, with

Mary's head, 1562, is generally denominated her testoon. V. Cardonnel's Numism. p. 99. O.Fr. tore, a head. Teston. Capitatus nummus. On les appelloit testons a cause de la tete du Roi, qui y etoit representee. Diet. Trev.

TESTOR.fi. The cover ofa bed. E. Tester. S. To T E T E , T E E T , V. a. 1. To send forth as if by stealth; to cause to peep out.

The rois knoppis, tetand furth thare hede Gan chyp, and kyth thare vernale lippis red.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 401, 18. 2. v. n. To peep out; to look in a sly or prying way ; often as implying tbe idea that this is done clandes­tinely, S, pron. teet; synon. keik. See Sup. " They say Scot. He is teeting out at the window, i. e. he

steals a glance or hasty view through the window;" Rudd. But I can teet, an' hitch about,

And melt them ere they wit. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 86.

Sibb., while he justly overlooks Rudd.'s etymon, ("pro­bably a F. tete, caput") is not much more happy in his derivation. For he views it as " corr. from Belg. kijek-en, to peep or spy." It is evidently from the same stock with Su.G. tilt-a, inspicere. Ihre explains this word almost in the same terms with Rudd. Per transennam veluti videre, ut solent curiosi aut post tegmina latentes. This idea of " lurking behind a covert," very frequently enters into the sense in which we use our S. term. There had undoubt­edly been a cognate word in O.E., as Skinner renders toteth, looketh ; supposing that it is allied to Lat. tue-or, tui-tus. Ihre adopts the idea as to titt-a. Hence,

T E E T - B O , S. 1. Bo-peep, S. But she maun e'en be glad to look, An' play teet-bo frae nook to nook.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 113. 2. Used metaph. to denote inconstancy, or infidelity.

By teet-bo friends, an' nae a few, I've rough been guidit.

Morison's Poems, p. 95. T E T H , « . Temper; disposition. Ill-teeth'd, ill-humoured,

having a bad temper, Fife. Allied perhaps to A.S. tyht, instructio, teting, disciplina,

or Isl. tidt, indeclin. Mierer tittum; huic rei studes; Verel. T E T H E R - S T A K E , S. 1. The pin fixed in the ground, to

which the tether is tied. 2. Metaph. any object which restricts one ; as, " A man that's married has a tether-stake." V. TEDDER. »?.

T E T H E R F A C E D . e d / . Having an ill-natured aspect, S. Allied perhaps to Isl. teit-a, rostrum belluinum ; whence

teitstr, torvus et minax. T E T T I E , adj. Having a bad temper. Syn. Titty, q.v. *?. TETUZ.fi. 1. Any thing tender. 2. A delicate person. *?. T E U C H , T E U G H , T E W C H , adj. 1. Tough, not easily

broken, S. Tewh, Yorks. Amiddis ane rank tre lurkis a golden beuch, With aureate leuis, and flexibil twistis teu'eh.

Doug. Virgil, 107, 42.

T E W T H A A.S. toh, id. from Moes.G. tiok-an, ducere, vel pertrahi;

q. any thing that may be drawn out or extended. 2. Tedious ; lengthened out; not soon coming to a close.

It occurs in an old adage; The spring e'ennings are lang and teuch.

3. Not frank or easy; dry as to manner ; stiff in con­versation, S. See Sup.

About me freindis anew I gatt, Rycht blythlie on me thay leuch; But now they mak it wondir teuch.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 185. 4. Pertinacious. A teuch debate, one in which the dis­putants, on both sides, adhere obstinately to their arguments, S. Baillie uses tough in this sense. " Here arose the toughest dispute we had in all the As­

sembly." Letters, i. 98. A teuch battle, one keenly contested, S. At Loncarty they fought fu' teuch.

A. Douglas's Poems, p. 12. Isl. seig-er, synon. with A.S. toh, denotes a man who is

tenacious of his purpose. Their voro seiger a sit mai; caus-sam suam tenaciter defendebant; 01. Tryggv. S. p. i. 140. 5. To make any thing teuch, to do it reluctantly.

Schir, say for thi self, thow seis thow art schent, It may nocht mend the ane myte to mak it sa teugh.

Gawan and Gol. iv. 6. T E U C H , s. A draught; a pull of any liquor, S.

This wordis entirely Gothic. Su.G. tog notat haustum, potantium ductum. See Sup. Drack ut then dryck i en tog. Uno haustu potum ilium

hausit. i. e. S. " He drank out that drink at ae teuch." Hist. Alex. Magn. ap. Ihre. This learned writer gives it as derived from tog-a, tra­

here, ducere, as E. draught from draw. Ihre adds; Nos etiam toga paa usurparaus de impigre bibentibus. Belg. teug; toge, id. Kilian gives togke, teughe, haustus, as synon. with dronck.

T E U C H I T (gutt.), s. The lapwing. *?. TEU C H I T - S T O R M , S. The gale, in the reckoning of the vulgar, conjoined with the arrival of the Green Plover,

To H U N T T H E T E U C H I T . T O be engaged in any frivo­lous and fruitless pursuit. To hunt the Gowk. 8.

T E U D , S. A tooth. *?. TEUDLE, *. The tooth of a rake or harrow. 8. To T E U D L E , v.a. To insert teeth. To teudle a heuk, to renovate the teeth of a reaping-hook. *?.

T E U G , T U G , S. A rope. It is particularly applied to a halter, Loth. See Sup. • Su.G. tog, a rope, Isl. tog, taug, id. from tog-a, ducere.

T E U K , T U I K , T O O K . S . A by-tasle; a disagreeable taste. T E U K I N , adj. 1. Quarrelsome ; troublesome, S.B. 2. Variable; applied to the wind when still shifting. *?.

If I mistake not, it sometimes includes the idea of fraud. Allied perhaps to Teut. tuck, fraus, fallacia, insidiae, ma-chinatio; Isl. tulk-a, pellicere. See Sup.

To T E V V E L , v. a. To confuse ; to put into disorder. *?. To T E W , v. a. To make tough. Meat is said to be tewed, when roasted with so slow a fire that it becomes tough, S.O. V. T A A V E and T A W , V. 1. See Sup.

To T E W , V. n. Grain is said to tew, when it becomes damp, and acquires a bad taste, S.B. Su.G. taef, odor, taefk-a, gustare ; Isl. thef-ur, odor,

plerumque ingratus, thef-a, odorari, item, foetere, Arm. taff-a, tav-a, gustare.

T E W , «.. A bad taste, especially that occasioned by dampness, S.B.

539

To T E W , v. a. To fatigue; to overpower, Sair tew'd. 8. To T E W , v.n. 1. To be eagerly employed about any thing.

2. To toil; to work constantly. *?. T E W , *. 1. A n engagement of this kind. 2. Iron harden­

ed with a piece of cast iron. V. L E W A R N E B O R E , *?. To T E W , v. n. To struggle; to strive. *?. T E W , pret. of the v. to Tiawe, to amble. *?. T E W E L , s . A tool of any kind. Attimes applied toa ship. T E W E L L I S , s.pl. Tools; applied to military furniture.*?, T H A , T H A Y , T H E Y , pron. These or those; all pron. in

the same manner. See Sup. And the fyrst buke of tha Sail trete fra the begynuyng Of the warlde. Wyntown, i. 1. 6. Sa tha sam folk he send to the depfurd, Gert set the ground with scharp spykis off burd.

Wallace, x. 41. M S . And were not his expert mait Sibylla Taucht him thay war bot vode gaistis all tha, But ony bodyis, as waunderand wrachis waist, He had apoun thame ruschit in grete haist.

Doug. Virgil, 173, 26. Quhat bard mischance filit so thy plesand face ? Or quhy se I thay fell woundis ? allace I Ibid. 48, 30.

In they dayis war ma illusiouns Be Deuillis werkis and coniuratiouns, Than now thare bene, sa can clerkis determe, For blissit be God, the faith is now mare forme.

A.S. thaege, illi. Ibid. 6, 54. T H A C K , s. Thatch. V. THAK. T H A C K E R , s. A thatcher; a person who covers houses with thatch. *?.

The thacker said to his man, Let us raise this ladder, if we can.

Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 68. THACK-GATE, S. The sloping edge of the gable-tops of a house, when the thatch covers them ; in contradis­tinction to the Wind-skews that rise above the thatch.«?.

THACKLESS, adj. 1. Unroofed ; without thatch. 2. Meta­phorically, uncovered ; without a hat. *?.

THACK-STONE, S. Stone fit for covering houses, Ja. VI. P. 23. c. 26. V. SKAILLIE.

THAFTS, s.pl. The benches ofa boat, on which the rowers sit, S. Belg. doften, id. Isl. thopte, trabs seu sedile in navi;

G. Andr. p. 266. Thotta, transtrae; Verel. T H A I , T H A Y , pron. PI. of he or she.

Thai stuffit helmys in hy, Breist plait, and birny, Thay renkis maid reddy All geir that myght gane. Gawan and Gol. iii. 7.

Johns, gives A.S. thi as the origin of E. they. But hi is the A.S. word. This seems from thaege, like the pron. tha, thay.

THAIN,a«J/. Notsufficientlyroastedorboiled. V.THANE. THAINS, s.pl. V. R A Y E N . THAIR, v. impers. Used as expressive of necessity; as, " Ye thair ri fash," you need not trouble yourself. *?.

T H A I R , used in composition, Like E. there. Johns., in deriving thereabout, only says, " from there

and about." But the E. adv. there does not seem properly to enter into the composition. There, in comp. (S. thair, thar,) seems to be originally the genit., dat. and abl. of the A.S. article, thaere, there, corresponding to Gr. Tvs, TUK, TI\. V. Hickes. Gramm. A.S. p. 7. According to this idea, Lye expl. A.S. Thaer-to, ad eum, earn, id.; Praeter eum, earn,

T H A T H A

id.: Thaer-aefter, post hoc, haec, vel ea, postea: Thaer-of, de vel ex eo, ea, iis; Thoer-inne, in eo, ea, iis, I am much inclined to think that A.S. thoer, ibi, in that place, was originally the genit. or abl. of the article; as Lat. illic and istic have been formed from ilk, iste.

T H A I R A N E N T , adv. Concerning that. " Being cairfullthat the samyne be cleired to the leidges,

and thay be put in ane certaintie thairanent the saids Lordis finds and declaris," &c. Acts, Sederunt, 29th Janu­ary, 1650.

T H A I R A T T O U R , adv. Concerning that. See Sup. Than spak the King, your conclusion is quaint, And thairattour ye mak to us a plaint.

V. THAIR. Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 14. T H A I R B E F O R , T H A E B E F O R , adv. Before that time.

He had in Fraunce bene thar befor With his modyr, dame Ysabell.

Barbour, xix. 260. M S . T H A I R B E N , T H E R E - B E N , adv. In an inner apartment of

a house ; as thairbut respects an outer apartment, S. *?.

" For the removing of that impediment of proceeding in the Utter-house (that the procurator is thair ben) it is appointit be the saidis Lordis that thair sal be fiftein advo-catis nominat; quha sail be appointit for the Inner-house." Acts, Sederunt, 11th Janu'ary, 1004.

" Hout I," quoth she, " ye may well ken, " 'Tis ill brought but that's no there ben."

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 525. Sometimes ihe-ben. Barethe-ben, having little provision

in the inner part of the house, or spence. Sair are we nidder'd, that is what ye ken, And but for her, we had been bare the-ben.

Ross's Helenore, p. 51. The butt is used in the same way. In caice the judge will not permit, That you come ben, byde still the butt.

P. Many's Truth's Travels, Pennecuik's Poems, 1715, p. 106. Teut. daer-binnen, intro, intus. Belg. daar-buyten,

without that place, Sewel. T H A I H B Y , T H A R E - B Y , adv. 1. Thereabout; used with respect to place.

Ane, on the wall that lay, Besid him till his fere gan say, " This man thinkis to mak gud cher," (And nemmyt ane husband tharby ner.)

Barbour, x. 387. 2. Thereabout, as to time, S. *?ee Sup.

A thousand and thre hundyr yere Nynty and five or thare-by nere, Robert the Keth, a mychty man Be lynage, and apperand than For to be a Lord of mycht, In Fermartine at Fivy Assegit his awnt, a gud lady. Wyntown, ix. 16. 2.

3. Used also with respect to number or quality, S. *?ee *?. 4. As respecting size or quantity. *?.

Belg. daei'bey, ad hoc, ad haec, penes, prope, Skinner, vo. There.

T H A I R - D O U N , T H E R D O U N , adv. Downwards, in that place below, S.

And throw the wall he maid, with his botkin A lytil hole richt prevelie maid he, That all theyr deid thair-doun he mycht weill se.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 71. Hie soverain Lord, let neir this sinful sot, Do schame frae hame unto your nation;

Let neir again sic an be calld a Scot, 540

A rotten crok, louse of the dok ther doun. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii, 72.

T H A I R - E A S T , T H E R E E A S T , adv. In the east; also, to­

wards the east, S. " Clydesdale was somewhat suspected in their affection

to the cause, especially the Marquisses of Hamilton and Douglasses appearing against us; wherefore the Tables there east thought they should not conjoin, but divided them in four." Baillie's Lett. i. 164.

T H A I R F R A , THEREFBAE,ad». From that place; therefrom. T H A I R F U R T H , adv. In the open air, S.

" He punyst theiffis, reuers & othir criminabyll personis with sic seuerite and justice, that the bestiall & gudis lay thairfurth but ony trubill." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 17, b. Sub dio asservabantur; Boeth.

T H A I R I N , T H E R E I N , adv. At home; within doors. *?, TH A I R I N T I L L , T H E R E I N T I L L , adv. Therein. See Sup.

" All bands and actis of caution to be taen and ressawed in suspensiounes beirefter, shall bear this clause insert thairintill." Act, Sederunt, 29th January, 1650. V, INTIL.

T H A I R O U R , T H A R O U R , adv. O n the other side, in re­lation to a river.

Bathe horss and men into the wattir fell, The hardy Scottis, that wald na langar duell, Set on the laiff with strakis sad and sar: Off thaim thar our, as than sowerit thai war.

Thereover, Edit. 1648. Wallace, vii. 1J87. MS. T H A I R O W T , T I I A R O U T , adv. Without, as denoting ex­

clusion from a place, S. The yett he wor, quhill cummin was all the rout, Of Inglys and Scottis, he held na man tharout.

Wallace, iv. 488. MS. Is this fair Lady Chestety ? I think it war a grit pitie That ye sould be thairowt. Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii, 51.

To lie thairout; to lie in the open air during night, S. Tent, daer-ut, is used in a different sense, signifying ex

eo, inde, thence. TIIAIRTILL. T H E R T Y L L , adv. Thereto.

Nor mysknaw not the condiciouns of vs Latyne pepyll and folkis of Saturnus, Vnconstrenyt, not be law bound thertyll.

Doug. Virgil, 212, 21. T H A I R UP, adv. Out of bed.

" I haue walkit laiter thair up then I wald haue done, gif it had not bene to draw sum thing out of him, quhilk this beirer will schaw yow, quhilk is the fairest commo-ditie, that can be offerit to excuse your affairis." Lett. Buchanan, Detect. Q. Mary, H. 3, b. Jay veillS plus tard la haut que je n'eusse fait, &e. Fr. copy.

T H A I R M , T H E R M , T H A I R N , S. 1. The intestines or gut of man. 2. Intestines twisted; E. Tharm; catgut. *?.

T H A I R M - B A N D , * . A string of catgut for a spinning-wheel. THAK.fi. 1. Thatch; the covering ofa roof, when made of straw, bushes, heath, &c. Thack, S. Yorks.

Sum grathis first the thak and rufe of tre, And sum about deluis the fousy depe.

Doug. Virgil, 26, 17. 2. The roof or covering of a house, whatever be the materials of which it is made. *?.

T H A C K A N D RAPE. The covering ofa stack, S. *?ee *?. The stacks get on their winter-hap,

And thack and rape secure the toil-worn crap. Bums, iii. 51.

IN T H A C K AN' R A P E . In order. V. S M Y T R I E . See S.

" Clothing, necessaries;" Gl. Burns. But this is only the idea suggested. The phrase itself has a more general sense.

T H A T H A To T H A K , T H A C K , V. a. To thatch, S. O.E. id. « I thacke a house." Palsgraue. Out of aw thack and raip, a proverbial phrase, applied

to one who acts quite in a disorderly way; q. resembling thatch so loosed by the wind, that the rope has no hold of it.

S. thac, theac, Isl. thak, Su.G. tak, Alem. theki, Germ, dock, Lat. tect-um,aroof or covering for a house. V . T H E I K , V.

T H A K - B U R D , s. The thatch-board ; the roof. Fyr all cler

Sone throw the thak burd gan apper. Barbour, iv. 126. MS.

T H A N , adv. Then; at that time, S. See Sup. Than gaddryt he rycht hastily Thaim that he mowcht of his menye.

Barbour, xvi. 370. M S . Bot than the trumpettis werely blastis aboundis, Wyth terribyl brag of brasin bludy soundis.

Doug. Virgil, 294, 54. Betkan,hythattime; Or aw,before that time. V . B E T H A N .

T H A N , O R T H A N , conj. Else ; otherwise. *?. T H A N E , T H A Y N E , S. A title of honour, used among the ancient Scots, which seems gradually to have de­clined in its signification.

Quhen Makbeth-Fynlayk thus wes slane, Of Fyfe Makduff that tyme the Thane For his trawaille and his bownte At Mai col me as Kyng askyd thire thre.

Wyntown, vi. 19. 2. And thai wemen than thowcht he Thre werd systrys mast lyk to be. The fyrst he bard say gangand by, ' Lo, yhondyr the Thayne of Crwmbawchty.' The tothir woman sayd agayne, ' Of Morave yhondyre I se the Thayne.'

Ibid. 18. 23. Although it occurs in our history before the reign of

Malcolm Canmore, it has been supposed that it was intro­duced by this prince, from his attachment to A.S. manners, as he had been educated in the English court; Notes to Sibb. Fife, p. 224. But it is more probable, that it was borrowed from the A.S. in an earlier reign, as in this it seems to have given place to the title of Earl; Lord Hailes' Annals, i. 27. This, as taking place of Murmor, appears to have been

the highest title of honour known in S., before the reign of Malcolm Canmore. Afterwards, that of Earl was pro­bably reckoned more honourable, as having obtained a more determinate sense in England after the Norman con-qoest. For, according to Spelman, (vo. Eorla) Erie seems rather to have denoted a Duke than a Count.

It has been supposed, that there were Earls in S. even before the time of Malcolm 11. Daly ell's Fragments, De­sultory Reflections, p. 37. Torfaeus says ; Fuit quidam Comes in Scotia Melbrigdius, Hist. Oread, circ. A. 860. Lib. i. c. 4. According to Sturlson, " Earl Sigurd killed Melbrigd, called Tonn, a Scottish Earl." Sigurdr Iarl drop Melbrigda Tonn, Iarl Skotskan ; Heimskringla, V. i. 99. Torfaeus also mentions Dungad Comes Catenesiae, A. 875. He is called Dungadar iarls af Katanese ; Ork-neyinga S. p. 4. W e also read of Erp, the son of Meldun, a certain Earl from Scotland; Melduni cujusdam comitis e Scotia, about 870. Hist. Oread. Lib. i. c. 5. of Earls Hund and Melsuat, the kinsman of Malcolm, who after­wards came to the throne, A. 993. Ibid. c. 10. And Mr. Dalyell also refers to Adils and Hring, A. 985. who both receive the name of Iarl; Egill, Skallagrim S. But there is no evidence that they resided in Scotland. They are called two brothers who presided over Bretlandi, the land of the Britons; and are said to have been, skattgilldir un-

541

dir Adalstein konung, tributaries to Athelstan, King of England. V. Johnstone, Antiq. Celto-Scand. p. 33. comp. with pp. 41. 42. Mention is made, in Niala Saga, of an Earl Melkolf, i. e. Malcolm, who seems to have resided on the Border, in a place called Whitsburg, near Berwick. V. Johnstone, p. 142. In the same work, Makbeth Comes, 952. is also men­

tioned ; and Finleikus Comes Scotorum, 985. 01. Tryg-guason S. It is added, that, " if we might credit Torfaeus, —Malcolm Mackenneth was in use to create Earls;" and that " there is an earlier account of the creation of, an Earl;" for Skuli, the brother of Liot, having gone into Scotland, was there dignified with the name of Earl by the Scottish king. V. Ol. Trygguason S. Johnstone, p. 118.

Mr. Dalyell has justly observed, that "great latitude must be given to the imperfect accounts Torfaeus and the writers of the Sagas might obtain." When they use the term, it is highly probable, that it is meant to express the dignity of Thane; as the latter designation, although of Gothic origin, does not appear to have been used, among the Scandinavians, as so honourable a term, or in so defi­nite a sense.

It is probable, that some were created, by our kings, earls in Caithness, before the term was more generally used. As this country had been long in the possession of the Norwegians, and governed by those who had been honoured with this title by the kings of Norway, their successors in power, who adhered to the Scottish crown, might view it as more honourable than Thane.

It seems evident that this name, as used in the instances referred to, was not merely honorary, but descriptive of office. For no sooner was Skuli, above mentioned, made an Earl, than he raised forces in Caithness, and led them into the islands; Antiq. Celto-Scand. p. 118. Thesame thing was done by Moddan, after he had been made an Earl by a Scottish king, called Karl by the Norwegian writers; Orkneyinga, S. p. 31. Whether such a king ever existed or not, is not material. These passages shew, that they understood the title as conferring at least, terri­torial authority.

It is probable that Thane was at first synon. with Lat. Comes, as expressive of an honour arising from office. He, who enjoyed this title, seems to have presided in a county, and sometimes in a province. Macduff, as Thane of Fife, must have had an extensive jurisdiction.

It may also be supposed, that he had a partial command in the army, at least of the forces in his own district. Spelman accordingly observes, that Thane, among the ancient Scots, is equivalent to Tosch; and Gael. Toshich signifies the General, or Leader of the van. This inter­pretation, as Dr. Macpherson observes, is confirmed by the name of a considerable family in the Highlands of Scotland,—the clan of M'Inlosh, who say, that they derive their pedigree from the illustrious Macduff, once Thane, and afterwards Earl of Fife. Macduff, in consideration of his services to Malcolm Canmore, obtained a grant, which gave him and his heirs a right of leading the van of the royal army on every important occasion. The chieftain of the clan, that is descended from this great Earl, is styled Mac in Toshich, that is to say, " the Son of the General." Crit. Diss. J 3. The Thane, according to Boece, collected the king's

revenues; Fol. 20, a. Fordun, speaking of an Abthane, says that, "under the king, he was the superior of those who were bound to give an annual account of their farms and rents due to the king. For," he adds, " the Abthane had to reckon the royal revenues, as discharging the office of a Steward or Chamberlain." Lib. iv. c. 43.

Thane, according to Mr. Pinkerton, is equivalent to Murmor; (Enquiry, ii. 193.) which seems to have been the highest title anciently given to a subject. To this, we

T H A T H A imagine, the A. S. term succeeded. It is worthy of obser­vation, that Thane and Mair, in their primary sense, con­veyed the same idea; both signifying a servant. As Thane succeeded to Mair in its composite form

(Murmor,) it is hence probable, that there has been some foundation for the assertion of Buchanan and other writers, that the Thane not Only administered justice, but collected the King's revenues in a county or district. For Gael. maor is also expl. steward. V. MAIR.

It has been supposed, that the Thane " did not transmit his honours to his posterity ;" Notes, Sibb. Fife, p. 225. This is not quite consistent with what is said, in the page immediately preceding, that the extract from the Book of Paisley represents Macduff as asking the privileges re­ferred to, for himself aud his successors, Thanes of Fife. This extract evidently supposes indeed, that, in this family at least, the honour was hereditary. Petiit a rege Maleolmo, primum, quod ipse et successores, Thani de Fyf, regem tempore sui eoronationis in sede regia locaret. Ap. Sibb. Fife, p. 212. From some ancient charters, it appears that thanages

were hereditary. In one granted by David II., it is said; " Although we have infeoffed Walter de Lesly, Knight, in the Thanage of Abirkyrdore, in the sheriffdom of Banff, and in the Thanages of Kyncardyn ; nevertheless, because perchance the heirs of the Thanes who anciently held the said Thanages in few farm, may be able to recover the said Thanages, to be held as their predecessors held them; we have granted, that if the said heirs, or any one of them, should recover the said Thanages, or any one of them, our said cousin and his heirs shalt have the services of the said heirs or heir of the said Thanes or Thane, and the few farms anciently due from the foresaid Thanages" Robertson's Index of Charters, p. 87. No. 220. V. also p. 96. No. 315; p. 121, No. 72; p. 133. N. 13.

It may be added, that the title of Earl of Fife, which succeeded to that of Thane of Fife, and which seems to have included all the honours connected with the latter, was given by David Bruce to Sir Thomas Biset, and his heirs male by Isabella de Fyf; whom failing, the whole earldom was to return to the King and his heirs. Ibid. p. 74. No. 62.

Sometimes this honour was conferred only for life. Thus, the moiety of the Thanage of Fermartine, in the shire of Aberdeen, is given by David Bruce to the Earl of Sutherland, and his male heirs, " which had formerly been given to him only during the term of his life." Ibid. p. 81. No. 157.

The last Thane said to be mentioned is William Thane of Caldor; Cart. Morav. fol. 98. V. Hailes' Annals, i. 27. N. It perhaps deserves notice, that all the thanedoms speci­

fied, in the Index of Charters, are to tbe north of Forth, and seem to have been situated within the limits of the Pictish kingdom, in the counties of Cromarty, Banff, Aberdeen, Kincardine, Forfar, Fife, and in the lowerparts of Perthshire. Shall we view this as a proof, that the desig­nation never extended to that part of the country which was inhabited by the Celts ? Abthane has been considered as a title expressive of still

higher dignity, and explained as equivalent to that of High Steward of Scotland; Buchanan, Hist. vii. 19. This title, it has been conjectured, has found a place in our history, merely in consequence of a mistake of Fordun, who, perhaps unwilling to admit that an Abbot, was mar­ried, or misled by the contractions common in MSS., has substituted Abthane of Dull, for Abbat of Dunkeldyn. V. Pink. Enquiry, ii. 193. Notes to Wynt. ii. 467. But Mr. Pinkerton seems to go too far, when he says ; " W h o ever heard of an Abthane f" The modest remark made by Mr. Macpherson supplies an answer to this query. " The na­ture and antiquity of this office is unknown to me; but

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that there was such an office, and that it remained for ages after this time, is unquestionable. David II. granted to Donald Macnayre the lands of Easter Fossache with the Abthanrie of Dull in Perthshire. [Roll, D. 2. K, 22, in MS. Harl. 4609.] The Baillerie of Abthane of Dull, and the lands of the Abthane of Kinghorn, occur in other grants in the same MS. in Roll D. 2. F." V. Robertson's Index, p. 46. No. 46. 50. Mr. Pinkerton seems inclined to think, that Abthane is

q. Abbot- Thane, a title given to a Thane who was also an Abbot, and corresponding to Abas Comes expl. by Du Cange, as denoting a laic count to whom an abbey was given in commendam. But, whatever be the origin of the particle prefixed, it seems to have signified an inferior dignity. SeeS.

The title of Thane, as has been formerly observed, seems gradually to have sunk in its meaning. It may not per­haps be viewed as a sufficient proof of this, that, according to our old laws, the Cro of an Earl's son was equal to that ofa Thane ; Reg. Maj. Lib, iv. c. 36. s. 2. In the Statutes of Alexander II., however, the Thane is ranked, not only as inferior to a Baron, but apparently as on a level with a Knight. " Touching all others quha remaines from the hoist,

that is, of lands perteining to Bischops, Abbats, Earles, Barones, Knichts, Thanes, quha halds of the king: the king allanerlie sail haue the vnlaw:—Bot the king sail haue onlie the ane halfe thereof: and the Thane, or Knicht, ane other half." Stat. Alex. II. c. 15. s. 2.

It affords further evidence of this, that, whereas, in the more early periods of our history, a Thanedom seems to have been as extensive as a sheriffdom, in the reign of Robert Bruce, and of his son David, we find several Thanedoms within one county; as the Thanedom of Aber-bothnot, of Cowie, of Aberlachwich, of Morphie, of Duris, of Newdoskis, &c. in the sheriffdom of Kincardine. V. Robertson's Index of Charters, p. 17. No. 55. 56. p. 18, No. 59. p. 23, No. 4. p. 32, No. 14. p. 33, No. 37. It appears, indeed, that some of the more ancient Thane­

doms were as extensive as what are now called counties, including all the extent of jurisdiction originally given to Comites or Earls. This is evident, not only from the Thanedom of Fife, but from that ascribed to Macbeth. He, as has been seen, is called by WyntownfThayne of Crumbawchty, i. e. Cromarty. Now, this was a sheriff­dom as early at least as the reign of Robert Bruce. Ro­bertson's Index, p. 2, No. 50. In this reign also, the Thandome of AHth (Alyth) gave designation to a sheriff­dom. Ibid. p. 4, No. 38,

In some instances, the term Thandome is used as synon. with Barony. Thus, the "baronies of Kincardin, and Aberluthnok, and Fettercardin, vie. Kincardin (Ibid. p. 63, No. 53.) are called " the thanedome of Kincardine, Aber-couthnot, [in both places, for Aberluthnot] Fetherkern;" Ibid. p. 65, No. 15. Chart. David II. At first view, it might seem that the thanedome, as mentioned in the singu­lar, included these three baronies. But we find the phrase, thanagiorum de Kyncardyn, Abirlouthnot, et Fethirkern, in vie. de Kincardyn; Ibid. p. 89, No. 242. According to the A.S. laws, as Cowel has remarked

after Spelman, some, distinguished by this title, were called Thani Majores and Thani Regis ; while those who served under them, as they did under the King, were denominated Thani minores, or the lesser Thanes. The term, as used in the Laws of Alex. II., seems nearly to correspond to the latter.

In its original use, indeed, in other languages, it was quite indefinite. A.S. thegen, thegn, in its primary sense, denotes a servant. Thus theowne oththe frige signifies a slave as distinguished from a freeman; Leg. Inae, c. 11. Hence it was transferred to a military servant; and, from the dignity attached to an important trust in war, it seems

T H A T H A at length to have been used to signify a grandee, one who enjoyed the privilege of being near the person of the King, or of representing him in the exercise of authority. The person, who was thus distinguished, was designed cyninges thegen; Thanus regius, satrapa, optimas, dynasta, baro. One of an inferior rank was called medmera thegen, me-diocris vel inferior Thanus; " a Thane or nobleman of a lower degree, as that at this day of a Baronet;" Somner. Woruld-thegen signified a secular Thane; maesse-thegen, a spiritual Thane or priest. Germ, degen has a similar variety of significations;

servus; civis, et quilibet subditus ; dominus, sed superiori domino (Principi vel Regi) obnoxius; miles, ab infima ad supremam conditionem; vir fortis; sensus a milite ad omnes strenuos traductus. Franc, thegn signified not only a common soldier, but a general. V. Wachter. Dan. degn, diagn, now written tagn, was used nearly

with'the same latitude as the Germ, word, Worm. Monum. Dan. p. 264—267. Schilter seems to give the original sense. For he observes, that Alem. thegan properly sig­nifies a man ; hence theganliche, viriliter, manfully. " By and by," he says, " it came to be used to denote the pecu­liar state of those subject to tbe power of others, as sol­diers, and servants." H e derives it from diuh-en, progredi, proficere, crescere, prodesse ; vo. Diuhen, p. 230. In the celebrated Death-Song of Regner Lodbrog, v. 23.

this phrase occurs; Hrokkve ei degn fyrir degne; Man yields not to man; literally thane—to thane. Spelman, although he explains thegan vir fortis, mentions lesse thegen as used in the Laws of Canute, MS., in the sense of, mediocris homo. Ol. Wormius seems to think that the office of Decanus, (mentioned by Vegetius, Lib. 2. c. 13.) who presided over ten soldiers, might originate from this Gothic terra. It appears that Alem. thegan denoted a servant, prior

to its use as signifying a grandee. For an epithet was prefixed to determine its signification. Hence edilthegan, literally, a noble servant. It is evident, indeed, that thegan was anciently synon. with skalk, knob, and knecht; all signifying a servant. Hence Lindenbrog, vo. Adelscalc, expl. this term as equivalent to Germ, edelknab; adding, that the r were formerly denominated edildegin. Aedel-kneckt was used in a similar sense in Denmark. Monum. ubi sup. In Isl., thegn is equivalent to Lord. Thiaegn oc tkrael, dominus et servus; Verel. To the same source Danneman, a Su.G. title of honour, has been traced. V. Ihre in vo. But this is doubtful; as thaegn in that lan­guage corresponds to A.S. thegn. The word is most probably from A.S. thegn-ian, then-ian,

Germ, dien-en, Dan. thien-er, tien-er, Isl. thien-a, then-a, to serve; although some invert the derivation. The com­mon fountain seems to be Isl. thi-a, humiliare, subigere, (whence Su.G. tiaen-a,) thiad-ur, servitute oppressus. See Sup. Lam bard has justly observed, that the motto, Ic Dien,

(retained in the arms of the Prince of Wales,) is of Saxon origin, for Ic thegn; or, according to the Belg. mode of writing, Icdien ; i. e. I serve. Archaionom. Rer. et Verb. Expl. Verstegan, on the same subject, observes, that d and th

Were "in our ancient language indifferently used;" Resti­tution, p. 259. Comites, the terra used by Tacitus to denote men of rank

among the ancient Germans, had a similar origin, as con­veying the idea of honourable service. For, as Dr. Robert­son has remarked, " we learn from Tacitus, that the chief men among the Germans endeavoured to attach to their persons and interests certain adherents w h o m he calls Comites. These fought under their standards, and followed them in all their enterprises. The same custom continued among them in their new settlements, and those attached

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or devoted followers were calded fideles, antrusiiones, homines in frusta Domini, Uudes." Hist. Cha. V. i. 260. Tacitus evidently uses a Lat. term, well understood by his coun­trymen. H e most probably substitutes Comes for the Germ, word Graf, in A.S. gerefa, expl. comes, socius.

Shaw views Gael. Tanaiste, "lord, dynast, governor," as equivalent to Thane. Dr. Macpherson indeed appre­hends, that it is an ancient Gael, word, signifying, " the second person or second thing." In proof of this he ob­serves, that " before the conquest of Ireland by Henry the second, the title of Tanist became obsolete." Crit. Diss. 13. It appears, however, that it continued to be used so late as the year 1594. V. Ware's Antiq. p. 71. From the similarity of the terms, and from the sameness of sig­nification, it is far more probable, that Tanist was formed from Thane, or was imported into Ireland by the Bel<*ae. In confirmation of this, it may be observed, that there is no evidence of the existence of any Celtic root, from which Tanist can reasonably be deduced. I observe, that m y ingenious friend, the Rev. Mr. Todd, has thrown out the same idea, in his Illustrations of Spenser, vol. viii. 308.

T H A N E D O M , T H A Y N D O M , T H A N A G E , S. The extent of

the jurisdiction ofa Thane. Sone eftyre that in hys yhowthad Of thyr Thayndomys he Thayne wes made.

Wyntown, vi. 18. 28. " — Hugonis de Ross, of tbe Thanage of Glendouachy

in Bamf'e;"—"Hugonis Barclay, of the Thaniage of Bal-helvie." Robertson's Index of Charters, p. 2, No. 45. 48 V. THANE.

THANE, s. Apparently, a fane. See Sup. Feill turretis men micht find,

And goldin thanis waifand with the wind. Police of Honour, iii. 16.

L-B. ten-a, or ten-ia, denotes the extremity of the gar­land, or ribbons of different colours, which hang down from a crown or chaplet. V. D u Cange.

T H A N E , T H A I N , adj. 1. Not sufficiently roasted or boiled; rare; a term applied to meat, S. " The meat is thain; raw, little done." Sir J. Sinclair's

Observ. p. 109. A.S. than, moist, humid; as meat of this description

retains more of the natural juices; thaen-ian, to moisten. 2. Moist: applied to meal, &c. when in a damp state. *?. T H A N K F U L L , * adj. 1. Thankworthy; praiseworthy. 2. W h a t ought to be sustained as sufficient and legal.*?. T HARETHROW, adv. By that means. *?. To THARF, v. a.

W h o wil lesinges layt, Tharf him no forth er go ;

Falsly canstow fayt, That ever worth the wo. Sir Tristrem, p. 175.

" To dare.—He will not dare (be able) to go far;" Gl. Trist. It seems rather to signify, to need, to have occa­sion, to find it necessary. A.S.thearf-an, carere, indigere, opus habere ; Moes.G. tharf-an, thaurb-an, necesse habere, Alem. tharf-an, tharb-en, Isl. thurf-a, Su.G. tarfw-a, id. See Sup. E. dare is from A.S. dearr-an, dy?r-an. The sense may be; " H e who gives heed to lies, has no occa­sion to proceed any further." It must be admitted, how­ever, that verbs, signifying to dare, seem to be occasionally used, in ancient writing, as denoting power. V. T H U R C H , THURST.

T H A R T H , impers. v. Me tharth, it behoves me. »?. THAT,*/row. Often improperly used instead of This. 8. T H A T , adv. or conj. 1. So ; to such a degree ; as, " Is

he that frail that he canna rise ? " i. e. so frail. 2. Used

T H E T H E nearly as E. very; as, " She's no that ill-looking." 3. At times used nearly like E. So or Such ; as, Once a thief he'll aye be that. S.

T H A U T , s. A sob. Perhaps rather a beat. *?. THE, T H E Y , S. Thigh.

As he glaid by, aukwart he couth hym ta, The and arson in sondyr gart he ga.

Wallace, iii. 176. MS. He lappit me fast by baith the theys.

Doug. Virgil, 88, 54. A.S. theo, theoh, thegh, Belg. die, id. The original idea

seems retained in Isl. tliio, which denotes the thickest part of the flesh of any animal. Densissima et crassissima carnis pars in quovis corpore vel animali. Inde thio, foemur; Verel.

T H E - P E S S , S. Thigh-piece, or armour for the thigh. Throuch out the stour to Wallace sone he socht; On the thepess a felloun strak hym gaiff, Kerwit the plait with his scharp groundyn glaiff.

Wallace, viii. 265. M S . Rendered pesant, Edit. 1648, 1673, &c.

To T H E , v. n. To thrive ; to prosper. Seththen thou so hast sayd, Aroendes ther ought to ly;

Therefore prout swayn, So schal Y the for thi,

Right than. Sir Tristrem, p. 48. The eldest than began the grace, and said, And blissit the breid with Benedicite, With Dominus Amen, sa mot I the.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 4. It is sometimes written thee, but as would seem, in the

first instance, from its being mistaken for the pronoun. Let's drink, and rant, and merry make, And he that spares, ne'er mote he thee.

Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 132. A.S. the-an, proficere, vigere, to thrive. Theah hwa

theo on eallnm welium; Quamvis quis polleat omnibus divitiis; Boeth. c. 19. ap. Lye. Moes.G. theih-an, Alem. thi-en, Su.G. ty-a, Isl. tya-a, Germ, deih-en, Belg. dij-en, dyd-en, id. However different in form, this v. seems to ac-knowledgeacommon origin with Dow,2. to thrive, q.v.SeeS.

This v. is frequently used by Chaucer. So the ik, quod he, ful wel coude I him quite, With blering of a proud milleres eye.

Reeves Prol. ver. 3862. He also uses thedome for thriving, success. What ? evil thedome on his monkes snoute.

Shipmans T. 13335. " Theah, or Theeh ; in latter English Thee.—To thrive,

or to prosper; and so is also Betheed, and Bethied, for having prospered." Verstegan's Restitut. p. 259.

T H E , used instead of To or This ; as, the day, to-day ; tlw night, to-night; the year, this year. *?.

T H E A T S , s.pl. Ropes or traces. V. T H E T I S . *?. T H E D E , s. 1. A nation ; a people.

— Y e are thre in this thede thrivand oft in thrang; War al your strenthis in ane, In his grippis and ye gane, He wald otircum you ilk ane.— Gawan and Gol. ii. 3.

i. e. " Ye are three persons, belonging to this nation, often prosperous in the heat of battle."

Mr. Pinkerton conjectures that this word means busi­ness. vBut it is undoubtedly from A.S. theod, gens, popu­lus. According to Verstegan, theod or thiad signifies a strange nation. But I do not perceive the ground of this assertion; especially as he renders pi. thiada simply nations. It seems used in this sense by R. Brunne.

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Tille A del wolf gaf he Westsex, hede of alle the thede, Lordschip ouer all the londes bituex Douer & Tuede,

P. 18. Isl. Su.G. thiod, thiud, thyd, thiaud, thiot, populus;

Moes.G. thiuda, Alem. thiot, thiota, thiade, pi. thied; Germ, deut, Ir. tuath, id. Hence Junius and Ihre derive the L.B. term diaeta,

diet, used by the Germ, to denote a public convention; although this may perhaps be from dies, the day fixed for meeting. Hence also Theotisc, gentiles; tbe name given by the Franks or Alemans to all the people of their nation ; A.S. getheode, vernacular language; Franc, bithiot-en, Belg. beduyd-en, to interpret, Isl. thyd-en, to explain.

2. A region ; a province. Sen hail our doughty elderis has bene endurand, Thrivandly in this thede, unchargit as thril. If I for obeisance, or boist, to bondage me bynde, I war wourthy to be Hingit heigh on ane tre, That ilk creature might se To waif with the wynd. Gawan and Gol, ii. 10.

It might bear this sense in the passage quoted, sense 1, In the same poem, i. 14, instead of,

All the wyis in welth he weildis in weid Sail halely be at your will, all that is his ;

it ought to be, according to Edit. 1508, weildis in theid—

i. e. " All the wealthy wights which he rules in the nation or province."

The same idea is thus expressed in the following stanza. Of all the wyis, and welth, I weild in this steid.

i. e. place; A.S. stede, locus, folcstede, populi statio. Perhaps in welth, in the first passage, should be read, and welth, as here. Thus persons are distinguished from property.

With alle thing Y say, That pende to marchandis,

In lede; Thai ferden of this wise, lntil Yrlond thede. Sir Tristrem, p. 85.

This, misquoted in Gl. as p. 95, is viewed as " appa­rently a contraction for they gede." But it certainly signi­fies treland country. They gede would be an obvious tau­tology, being anticipated hy ferden, fared.

A.S. theod signifies not only gens, but provincia. East-Seaxna theod, Orientalium Saxonura provincia; Myrcna theod, Merciorum provincia. 3. It seems to be used in the sense of species, kind.

Fiftene yere he gan hem fede, Sir Rohand the trewe;

He taught him ich alede, Of ion maner of gie we ;

And everich playing thede, Old lawes and newe;

On hunting oft he yede, To swiche alawe he drewe. Sir Tristrem, p. 22.

Playing thede appears to signify " kind," or " manner of play," i, e. game. V. THEVV.

To T H E E , v. n. To thrive; to prosper. V. T H E , V. S. T H E E D L E , s. A Parritch-stick, Theivil or Spurtle. S. ToTHEEK,v.a. Tothatch. T H E A K , T H A C K , S . Thatch. T H E E K E R , S . A thatcher. T H E E K I N G . Thatch; thatching. T H E E T , s. A rope or trace by which a horse draws. *?. T H E - F U R T H , adv. Out of doors ; abroad, S. as forth E. is used.

But yesterday I saw, Nae farrer gane, gang by here lasses twa, That had gane wiil, and been the-furth all night.

Ross's Helenore, p. 94.

T H E T H E T H E G I T H E R , adv. Corr. of together, S.

Says Lindy, W e maun marry now ere lang; Fouk will speak o's, and fash us wi' tbe kirk, Gin we be seen the gither in the mirk.

Ross's Helenore, p. 19. A' thegither, altogether. — W h a t this warld is a' thegither, If bereft o' honest fame.

MacneiVs Poetical Works, i. 33. THEI, conj. Though.

Marke schuld yeld, unhold, Tkei he were king with croun,

Thre hundred pounde of gold, Ich yer out of toun. Sir Tristrem, p. 52. st. 86.

V. ALLTHOCHT.

To THEIK, T H E K , V. a. 1. To cover; to give a roof; of whatever kind; applied toahouse,astackofcorn,&c.S.

Of the Corskyrk the ilys twa, Wyth lede the south yle thekyd alsua.

Wyntown, ix. 6. 124. "He theikkit the kirk with leid." Bellend. Cron. B.

xii. c. 16. " Peel the kirk, and thick [theik] the quire," S. Prov.

"Eng. Rob Peter and pay Paul;" Kelly, p, 276. 2. To cover with straw, rushes, &c. to thatch, S,

A.S, thecc-an, Alem. thek-en, Isl. thaeck-a, Su.G. taeck-a, tecto munire, teg-ere. The latter has been viewed as a cognate term.

T H E Y R S , s. pi. Tiers (ties) or yard-arms of a vessel. *?. THEIVIL, T H I V E L , S. A stick for stirring a pot; as, in making porridge, broth, &c. S.B. thivel; Ayrs. Fife, A. Bor. llieil. See Sup.

But then I'll never mind when the Goodman to labour cries;

The thivel on the pottage pan Shall strike m y hour to rise.

Song, Ross's Helenore, p, 134. A. Bor. thibk, thivel, a stick to stir a pot; Ray, A.S.

thyfel, a shrub ? q. a slender piece of wood. THEIVIL-ILL, T H E I V I L - S H O T , S. A pain in the side. *?. T H E M E , T H A M E , S. 1. A serf; a bond-servant or slave born on and attached to the soil.

The Kyng than of his cownsale Made this delyverans thare fynale j That Erldwme to be delt in twa Partis, and the tane of tha Wyth the Themys assygnyd he • Til Walter Stwart: the lave to be Made als gud in all profyt; Schyre Willame Comyn til hawe that qwyt.

Wyntown, vii. 10. 449. M S . 2. The right granted to a baron of holding servants in such a state of bondage, that he might sell them, their children and goods. " Theme—is power to haue seruandes and slaues, quhilk

ar called nativi, bondi, villani, and all Barrones infeft with Theme, hes the same power. For vnto them all their bondmen, their barnes, gudes, and geare properly per-teinis, swa that they may dispone thereupon at their pleasure." Skene, Verb. Sign, in vo. Sibb. first observes, that " it seems to be an abbrevia­

tion of Sax. iheive-dom, servitium, from the verb iheow-ian, mancipare, in servitium redigere." Afterwards be men­tions themys, as the pi. of theow, servus. Theowum is indeed the dat. pi. of this *. But the etymon of Lye and others is preferable, from A.S. team, offspring. Proinde, apud forenses, Sequela, i. e. familia nativorum bondorum et Villanorum manerio pertinentium; necnon jus hdbendi

V O L . II. 545

istam sequelam, ubicunque inventi fuerunt in Anglia. For the term has been borrowed from the E. law; as it has been adopted into this, from the A.S. Team is the word used in a charter of Edw. the Confessor, and in the Sax. Chronicle; Toll and team. V. Lye, vo. Toll. See Sup. This is sometimes written Thane. V. VERT.

T H E N , conj. Than, S. THEN-A-DAYS, adv. In former times. *?. T H E N O W , I' T H E NOW. Just now ; at present. *?. T H E R E A W A Y , T H E R E A W A , adv. 1. About that quar­

ter ; thereabout. Out d thereaway, from about that quarter. 2. That way; to that purpose. 3. As far as that; to that distance; often There-and-away. 8.

THERE-BEN, adv. In the inner apartment. V. THAIRBEN.

THEREFRAE, adv. Therefrom. V. THAIRFRA, *?. THEREIN, adv. Within doors. V. THAIRIN *?. THEREOUT, adv. Without; afield. V. THAIROWT.*?. THERM, THARME, S. 1. The intestines. 2. A gut pre­pared, especiallyas a string for a musicalinstrument.*?.

T H E R N A , TH U R T N A . Equivalent to "need not," or "should not;" as, "You thurtna stop," you should not stay. S.

T H E S A U R E , THESSAURE, S. A treasure. *?. T H E S A U R A R E , s. Treasurer. S. THESAURARIE, fi. Treasury. S. THESELF, pron. Itself. V. SELF, SELFF, *?. T H E S T R E E N , s. Yesternight; corr. of Yestreen. 8. THETIS, THETES, s.pl. 1. The ropes or traces, by means of which horses draw in a carriage, plough or harrow, S.

The bodyis of Rutilianis here and thare Thay did persaue, and by the coist alquhare The cartis stand with lymouris bendit strek, The men ligging the hames about thare nek, Or than amangis the quhelis and the thetis, All samyn lay thare armour, wyne, and metis.

Dong. Virgil, 287, 7. 2. The term is often used metaph. One is said to be quite out of thetes, when one's conduct or language is quite disorderly, like that of a horse that has broke loose from its harness, S. See Sup. " Hence the ordinary expression in Scotland, Ye are out

oftheet, i. e. ye are extravagant, or in the wrong;" Rudd. It appears from Sibb. that in some places, perhaps S.A.,

this is corr. pron. Feels. 3. Out ofthete. A phrase applied to one who is rusted, as to any art or science, from want of practice. *?.

One might fancy that there were some affinity with A.S. theowet, servitude; as cords are the badges of bon­dage, and Isl. thiad-ur denotes one oppressed with servi­tude. But it is undoubtedly from another Isl. term, thatt-r, a thread, cord, or small rope. The term is also used for a narration, q. the thread or connexion of a dis­course. This has some analogy to the metaph. sense men­tioned above. Pars historiae, narratio; proprie filum vel funis tenuior, ex quo funis crassior conficitur; Gl. Kristnis.

T H E V I S - N E K , T H E U I S - N E K , s. A n imitative term formed to express the cry of the lapwing. *?.

T H E W , S. Custom ; manner; quality.

Wilyhame Wyschard of Saynct Andrewys Byschape, wertus, and of gud thewys, Wys, honest, and awenand, Til God and men in all plesand Deyd. Wyntown, vii. 10. 292.

3Z

T H E T H I

O Troiane prynce, I lawly the beseik, Be thyne awne vertuis, and thy thewis meik.

Doug. Virgil, 339, 26. A.S. theaw, mos, modus. Hence (says Lye) A. Bor.

thew'd, docilis; towardly, Grose. Seren. gives Sw. thooielse in the sense of quality, which seems to acknowledge the same origin. A.S. theaw, mos, and theow, servus, can scarcely be viewed as radically different; especially as the word, signifying a servant, is sometimes written theaw. Both, I suspect, must be traced to Isl. thia, thiaa, humi-liare, duriter tractare, subigere : as a servant is one brought into a state of subjection ; and what are manners, but the habits learned in consequence of instruction, restraint, and chastisement ? It is highly probable, indeed, that the term thede, as primarily signifying a nation, A.S. theod, is from the same source, q. a body of men brought into a state of subjection. It may be viewed as a proof of this, that the v. theod-an, formed from theod, signifies to serve. Ic him geornlicor theodde; Ego illis impensius servire curavi; Bed. 516. 9. and Theoden denotes a king, q. one who subjects others, or causes them to serve. Isl. thiod, po­pulus ; God thiod, bonus populus, i. e. cives et fideles sub-diti. Thiad-ur, servitute oppressus, thyda, mansuetudo, obsequium; Verel.

THEV/IT,part.pa. Disciplined; regulated. Weillthewit, having a proper deportment.

Thair was na wicht that gat a sicht eschewit, War he never sa constant, or weill theunt, Na he was woundit, and him hir seruant grantis.

Police of Honour, i. 38. The term seems to denote that self-command which a

knight, or one regularly bred to arms, ought to have over himself. One of the senses of A.S. theaw is, institutum. V. the s.

T H E W L E S , T H I E V E L E S S , adj. 1. Unprofitable.

Lat vs in ryot leif, in sport and gam, In Venus court, sen born thareto I am, M y tyme wel sail I spend : weuys thou not so ? Bot all your solace sail returne in gram, Sic thewles lustis in bittir pane and wo.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 96, 24. Thowles seems formerly to have been used nearly in the

sense of mod. dissipated, or profligate. He wes thowles, aud had in wown By hys wyf oft-syis to ly Othir syndry women by. Wyntown, viii. 24. 166. Welle waxyn wp that tyme he wes, And thowles than, for his yowthhed To that nature wald hym lede: Justynge, dawnsyng, and playnge He luwyd weile, for he wes yhyng. Ibid. 38, 291.

From A.S. theow, a servant, or theow-ian, to serve, and the privative particle les, less; q. what does no service. 2. Inactive ; remiss, S. pron. thowless. See Sup.

H o w worthless is a poor and haughty drone, W h a thowless stands a lazy looker-on !

Ramsay's Works, i,55. Sibb. justly gives thiei'eless as synon. A thieveless ex­

cuse, one that is not satisfactory, q. does not serve the purpose. He came on a thieveless errand, S.; " He pretended to have business about which he was not in earnest." 3. « Cold; forbidding," S. Gl. Sibb.

It chanc'd his new-come neebor took his ee, And een a vex'd and angry heart had he I Wi' thieveless sneer to see his modish mien, He down the water gies him this guideen.

Burns, iii. 54, " Thieveless, cold, dry, spited," Gl. Shirr. To look thieveless to one, to give one a cold reception, S.O.

546

4. Hence transferred to a cold, bleak day. It's a thieve­less morning, is a phrase used in this sense by old people, Renfrews.—A thieveless day is one that has no decided character ; neither properly good nor bad. *?.

5. Insipid, as applied to mind ; destitute of taste, S. A saul with sic a thowless dame, Is sure a silly sot ane. Ramsay's Works, i. 118.

6. Feeble. For thowless age, wi' wrinklet brow,— Mae need the aid I gae to you,

When Strang an' young. Rev. J. NicoFs Poems, i. 47.

7. Shy ; reserved. *?. It is used indeed to denote frigidity or insipidity of

manner, but evidently as including the primary idea; being applied to one who appears unfit for action, S.

T H E W T I L L , T H E W I T T E L , S. A large knife ; or one that may serve as a dagger.

Ane Ersche mantill it war thi kynd to wer, A Scotts thewtill wndyr thi belt to ber,

Wallace, i. 218. MS. E. and S. whittle, a knife ; A.S. hwitel; Chauc. and A.

Bor. thwite, cultello resecare, A.S. thwit-an, thweot-an, id. T H I B A C K , s. Apparently, a stroke or blow. *?. T H I C K , adj. 1. Intimate; familiar. 2. Ouer thick,

over thick, denotes a criminal intimacy between per­sons of different sexes. 3. Used in relation to con­sanguinity ; as, " H e liked his cousin best; for blood's thicker than water, ye ken." 4. To follow one ihrougk thick and thin, to adhere to one in all hazards. Cant E. Grose's Class. Diet. Great or grit, throng, synon, V. PACK. *?.

To M A K T H I C K wi. To ingratiate one's self with. *?. TH I E F , s. Used often, without meaning to charge

with dishonesty, but in the sense of E. Hussy; as, She's an ill-faur'd thief. S,

T H I E F - L I K E , adj. Having the appearance ofa black­guard. Plain ; hard-looking ; ugly. Unbecoming ; not handsome; applied to dress ; as, " That's a thief-like mutch." *?.

THIEVELESS, adj. V. THEWLES, THIFTBUTE, s. The crime of taking money or goods, booty, from a thief, to shelter him from justice, »?

T H I F T D O M E , THIEFTDOME, S. The commission of

theft; an act of stealing. *?. THIFTEOUS, adj. Dishonest; thievish. *?. THIFTOUSLY, adv. By theft. *?.

To THIG, THIGG, v.a. 1. To ask; to beg.

His fyrst noryss, of the Newtoun of Ayr, Till him scho come, quhilk was full will of reid, And thyggyt leiff away with him to fayr.

Wallace, ii. 259. MS. Grete goddis mot the Grekis recompens, Gif I may thig ane uengeance but offens.

Doug. Virgil, 182, 37. To tar and tig, syne grace to thig, That is a pityous preis.

V. TAR, V. Evergreen, ii. 199. " So we perceive that England never forgot their old quar­

rels upon small or no regard, when they saw an apparent advantage to have been masters; and, by the contrary, they were fain to thigg and cry for peace and good-will of Scottish-men, when there was unity and concord amongst the nobles living under subjection and obedience of a manly Prince." Pitscottie, p. 56.

T H I T H I Alem. thig-en, dich-en, petere; ihigi, digi, dichi, preces.

Gote thigiti, they prayed God. V. Schilt. vo. Diche. Su.G. tigg-a, petere. 2. To go about, receiving supply, not in the way of common mendicants, but rather as giving others an opportunity of manifesting their liberality, S. See Sup. "It is used properly for a more civil way of seeking

supply, usual enough in the Highlands and North of Scot­land, where new-married persons, who have no great stock, or others low in their fortune, bring carts and horses with them to the houses of their relations, and receive from them corn, meal, wool, or what else they can get," Rudd. "Better a thigging mother than a riding father," S.

Prov. Kelly, p. 66. He expl. it by another; "Better the mother with the poke, than the father with the sack;" observing that " both these signify, that the mother, though in a low condition, will be more kindly to, and more careful of, orphans, than the father can be, though in abetter."

He that borrows and bigs, Makes feasts and thigs, Drinks and is not dry ; These three are not thrifty.

Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 13. The father buys, the son biggs, The grandchild sells, and his son thiggs.

" A proverb much used in Lowthian, where estates stay not long in one family ; but hardly heard of in the rest of the nation," Kelly, p. 312. Had Kelly lived a little later, he would have seen no

reason for the restriction of the proverb to Lothian. It seems uncertain, whether this, or the preceding, be

the primary sense. Although the Alem. v. signifies to ask, A.S, thicg-an, thicg-ean, thig-ian, is renderedaccipere, sumere, sc. cilum; having properly a relation to food. Isl. thygg-ia very nearly approaches the common sense of the term in S. Gratis accipere, dono auferre; from thaa, id. Hence G. Andr. derives ihack-a, q. thagk-a, to thank; and the derivation is certainly natural; for that only, which is received as a gift, can properly be matter of thankfulness. 3. To beg; to act the part of a common mendicant, S.

It is probably in this sense that the term is used by Henrysone.

For Goddis aw, how dar thow tak on hand, And thow in heme and byre so bene and big, To put him fra his tak, and gar him thig ?

Bannatyne Poems, p. 120. This is the most common sense of the Su.G. v. tigg-a,

petere, proprie usurpatur de mendicantium precibus ; Ihre. V. the s. 4. To borrow; used improperly.

Some other chiel may daftly sing,— And blaw ye up with windy fancies, That he has thigit frae romances.

Ramsay's Poems, i. 144. T H I G G A R , T H I G G E R , S. 1. One who draws on others for subsistence in a genteel sort of way. *?. 2. A beg­gar ; a common mendicant, " The King hes statute—that na Thiggaris be tholit to

beg, nouther to burgh nor to landwart, betuix xiiii and LXX yeiris, bot thay be sene be the counsall of the townis or of the land, that thay may not win thair leuing vther wayis. And thay that sal be tholit to beg, sail haue a certane takin on thame, to landwart of the Sehiref, and in the burrowis thay sail haue takin of the Alderman or of the Baillies," Acts, Ja. I. 1424. c. 27. Edit. 1566. Su.G. teggare, id.

547

T H I G G I N G , S. 1. The act of collecting as described. 2. The quantity of grain, &c. collected in this way. *?.

T H I G S T E R , s. A sort of gentle beggar. Syn. Thiggar. 8. T H I G H T , adj. Close, so as not to admit water. *?. T H I L S E , adv. Else; otherwise. Contr. for tke else. 8. T H I M B E R , adj. Given as not understood by Ritson.

—There I spy'd a wee wee man, And he was the least that ere I saw. His legs were scarce a shathmout's length, And thick and thimber was his thighs ; Between his brows there was a span, And between his shoulders there was three.

Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 139. It seems to signify gross, heavy, cumbrous, or perhaps

swollen; Isl. thungber, gravis, portatu molestus, from thungi, onus, and ber-a, ferre, portare ; q. what is difficult to carry. Thamb-a, inflare; thember upp, turgescit, inflatur.

THIN A RE, s. - Swete Ysonde thinare, Thou preye the king for me. Sir Tristrem, p. 119.

Probably, an intercessor, A.S. thingere, id. from thing-ian, to intercede, to manage one's thing, cause or business; or to do so in a thing, i. e. a court or convention. V. THING.

T H I N E , T H Y N E , adv. Thence; often with fra, from ; prefixed; as, Fra thyne, thence. See Sup.

For fra thyne wp wes grewouser To climb wp, ne be neth befor.

Barbour, x. 636. M S . i. e. by far more troublesome or difficult. A.S. thanon, inde, illinc; or perhaps from Su.G. then,

this, with the prep, prefixed. T H I N E - F U R T H , adv. Thenceforward.

And til Cumnokys Kyrk broucht he This Schyr Dowgald to mak fewte To the wardane : and Gallway Fra thine-furth held the Scottis fay.

Wyntown, viii. 42. 174. A.S, thanon furth, deinceps, deinde, de caetero.

T H I N G , s. 1. Affairs of state. And gyff it hapnyt Robert the King To pass to God, quhill thai war ying, The gud Erie off Murreff, Thomas, And the Lord alsua off Dowglas, Suld haff thaim into gouernyng, Quhill thai had wyt to ster thair thing, And than the Lordschip suld thai ta.

Barbour, xx. 142 Not ring, or reigne, as in Edit. Pink, and others.

thar thing is, manage their affairs of state. 2. It seems to signify a meeting, or convention, cerning public affairs.

Chanslar, schaw furth quhat ye desyr off me. The Chanslar said, The most causs of this thing, To procur peess I am send fra our King, With the gret seill, and woice off hys parliament, Quhat I bynd her oure barnage sail consent.

Wallace, vi. 904. MS. Not understanding thing in this sense, Editors have

reckoned it necessary to substitute another word for causs, i, e. cause; as in Edit. 1648;

The chancellar said, The most part of this thing, To procure peace, I am sent from the King.

Isl. thing, Su.G. ting, a meeting of the citizens called for consultation concerning public affairs; also used for the forum, the place of meeting or judgment. Hence Thingvoll-r, the plain of convention, (which has been viewed as the origin of the name of Dingwall in the

MS. Ster

con-

T H I T H I county of Ross;) Thingstod, the place of meeting ; Al­thing, an universal convention.

There is a parish of this name in Shetland, the signifi­cation of which confirms the etymon given of Dingwall. " Tingwall—is said to derive its name from a small

island, in a water called the Loch of Tingwall, and joined to the nearest shore by the remains of a stone wail. In this island, the courts of law are said to have been an­ciently held, and to this day it is called the Law-Taing." Stat. Ace. xxi. 274. It is more properly written Law-ting ; Neill's Tour, p. 89.

The etymon given of Tingwall, Stat. Ace. ubi sup. rather opposes the preceding account. For it is said, that ' Taing, in the language of that country, signifies a point of land stretching out into the water.' See Sup. In the Orkney Islands, the Law-ting, or the " Supreme

Court, in which business of the utmost importance was transacted," continued till the time of the Commonwealth. V. Barry's Orkney, p. 217. It is thought that Ting, as denoting a convention, is

derived from Su.G, ting-a, to speak, Alem. ding-on ; be­cause they anciently met in their public assemblies for conference, and in this manner settled their business. This etymon is supported by analogy, Moes.G, mathls signifies forum, from mathl-ian, to speak. In the Laws of the Lombards, the place of public meeting is called the Mall, from Goth, mai, discourse. Among the ancient Germ. Sprache also denoted such a convention; from sprach-en, to converse ; as Fr. Parlement is from parl-er, to speak. V. Ting, Ihre.

T H I N G , * s. 1. Ain thing, own exclusive property. 2. W h e n preceded by the it expresses approbation ; as, " That's quite the thing ;" or, with the negative particle, disapprobation; as, " I doubt he's no the thing." 3. The thing is sometimes put before the relative instead of that or those ; as, " Send m e mair bukes; I have read the thing that I hae." »?.

T H I N G S , pi. " He's nae great things" is often said' of a person to intimate that the speaker holds his character in slight estimation. Applied also to things, intimating that they are of little account. *?.

To T H I N K , * v. n. To wonder; as, Fat's that, I think. *?. 7b T H I N K L A N G , To become weary; to feel ennui.8. To T H I N K S H A M E . To feel abashed; to have a sense of shame, S. This idiom seems pretty ancient.

Bot ane thing have I hecht sickerly, That nane sal cum about hir, Sir, bot I. The virgine is bot yong, and think[i\s shame; And is full laith to cum in ane ill name.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.Repr. i, 32, She perceived that I thought shame ; She asked not what was my name -Sir Egeir, v. 304. Or, need this day think shame compar'd

Wi' auld lang syne ? Rev. J, NicoVs Poems, i. 58,

T H I N - S K I N N E D , adj. 1. Possessing great sensibility. 2. Apt to take offence on slight grounds; touchy. 8.

T H I R , pron. pi. These; used only when objects are near, S. thur,. Cumb.

Be thir quheyne, that sa worthily Wane sik a king, and sa mychty, Ye may weill be ensampill se, That na man suld disparyt be.

i. e. " These few." Barbour, iii. 249. M S . And all the Lordis that thar war To thir twa wardanys athisswar,—Ibid. xx. 146, M S . — Thir hertis in herdis coud hove, Houlate, i, 2,

548

Isl. theyr, illi, thaer, illae, V. Runolf. Ion. Isl. Vocab. The learned Hickes has demonstrated, that these might be rendered not less properly by Lat. hi, E. these.

Sibb. observes, that in some cases there seems no cor­respondent English word; as, " Thir shillings (which I hold concealed in m y hand) are better than these upon the table." A Scotsman would say, " than thai." For thir and thai are generally opposed, like these and those; al­though they seem properly to have both the same meaning.

To T H I R L , T H Y R L , V. a. 1. T o perforate; to bore; to drill, S.

Besides your targe, in battle keen But little danger tholes,

While mine wi' mony a thudd is clowr'd, An' thirl'd sair wi' holes.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. i 2, 2, T o pierce ; to penetrate.

Bot yhit the lele Scottis men, That in that fold ware feychtand then, To-gyddyr stwd sa fermly Strykand before thame manlykly, Swa that nane thare thyrl thame mycht.

Wyntown, viii, 15. 31. The bustuous strake throw al the armour thrang, That styntit na thing at the fyne hawbrek, Quhil thorow the coist thirllit the dedely prik.

Doug. Virgil, 334, 23. Thryis the holkit craggis herd we yell, Quhare as the swelth and the rokkis thirllit.

Ibid, 87, 28. 3. To pierce ; to wound, metaph.

M y thirlit heart dois bleid. M y painis dois exceid. Throw langour of my sweit, so thirlit is m y spreit.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 203, Lord Hailes expl. this, " bound, engaged;" misled by

the common use of the word, S. as denoting the obliga. tion of a tenant to bring his grain to a certain mill. V. THIRL, V. 4.

A.S. thirl-ian, perforare; whence E. thrill and drill, Su.G. trill-a, Teut. trill-en, drill-en, id.

To T H I R L , V. a. T o thrill; to cause to vibrate, S, There was ae sang, amang the rest, It thi?Td the heart-strings thro' the breast,

A' to the life. Burns, iii. 236, To T H I R L , T H I R L E , v.n. T o pass with a tingling sen­

sation, S. dirle, and dinle, synon. And then he speaks with sic a taking art, His words they thirle like music thro' m y heart.

Ramsay's Poems, ii, 79. Thro' ilka limb arid lith the terror thirVd, At every time the dowie monster skirl'd.

Ross's Helenore, p. 24. T H I R L I N G , part. adj. Piercingly cold. *?, T H I R L - H O L E , S. The hole into which the coulter of a

plough is inserted. *?. To T H I R L , v. a. To furl.

" Tak in your top salis, and thirl them." Compl, S, p. 64, This at first view might seem a corr. of the E. word.

But it is rather allied to Teut. drill-en, trill-en, gyrare, rotare, volvere, congiomerare.

To T H I R L , T H I R L L , v.a. 1, To enslave; to thrall. " Ye sal nocht alanerly be iniurit be euil vordis, bot als

ye sal be violently strykkyn in your bodeis, quharfor ye sal lyf in mair thirlagc nor brutal bestis, quhilkis ar thirlit of nature," Compl. 8, p. 144.

" Thay micht outhir thirll the Scottis to maist vile sernytude, or ellis expell thaym (gyf thay plesit) out of Albioun," Bellend. Cron. Fol, 76, a.

T H I T H O Thus four times thirld and overharld, You're the great refuse of all the warld. Rob. Ill's Answ. to Henry IV. Watson's Coll. ii. 6.

From A.S. Isl. ihrael, Su.G. trael, a bond-servant. Ac­cording to the ingenious Editor of Spec. Eng. Poetry, i, 20, the name of a slave is from ihirl-ian, to bore. He accordingly quotes that passage concerning a servant, Exod. xxi. 6, from the A.S, version; " H e shall also bring him to the door," or " to the door-post," and thirlie his eare mid anum aek, " and bore his ear through with an awl:" adding that this custom was " retained by our fore­fathers, and executed on their slaves at the church door." If this custom can be authenticated, it must greatly

confirm the etymon given. Yet one difficulty would still remain; that, although Isl. thrael, thraela, Dan, trael, and Su.G. traell, signify a bond-servant, there is no similar term in these languages, signifying to bore, except Su.G. drill-a, Ihre, with less probability, derives Su.G. trael, a bond­

servant, from A.S. thre-an, to correct, to chasten; observ­ing, that the term properly denotes a slave that is wont to be beaten, or that wretched race of men who seem born for stripes. Su.G. annodag also signified a slave; with this difference, however, according to the same learned writer, that it strictly denoted one who had been made captive in war, or otherwise subjected, whereas trael was the designation of one born a slave. 2. To bind or subject to; as when a person lays him­self, or is laid, under a necessity of acting in any par­ticular way, or when a thing is bound by some fixed law. S. Til no thirl myself, or be thirled, to ony tradesman ; i. e. I will not confine m y custom to him, as if I were bound to do it. " All thingis (quhilkis ar comprehendit within the speir

of tbe mone) ar sa thirlit to deith and alteration, that thai ar othir consumit afore us, or ellis we afore thame." Bel­lend. Descr. Alb. c. 1. " Na Mailman, or Fermour, may thirle his Lord of his

frie tenement." Baron Courts, c. 48. 3. To bind, by the terms of a lease, or otherwise, to grind at a certain mill, S. " Thirlage is constituted by writing, either directly or

indirectly. It may be constituted directly, first, by the proprietor thirling his tenants to his own mill by an act or regulation of his own court." Erskine's Instit, B, ii. Tit. 9. s. 21.

THIRL, S. The term used to denote those lands, the tenants of which are bound to bring all their grain to a certain mill; properly, the jurisdiction attached to a mill, S. See Sup. " The astricted lands are called the thirl, or the sucken."

Erskine's Instit. B. ii. Tit. 9. s. 20. V. SUCKEN. THIRLAGE, S. 1. Thraldom, in a general sense.

This mysfortoun is myne of auld thirllage, As therto detbund in m y wrechit age.

Doug. Virgil, 366, 28, 2. Servitude to a particular mill, S.

" That servitude by which lands are astricted or thirled to a particular mill, to which the possessors must carry the grain of the growth of the astricted lands to be grinded, for the payment of such duties as are either expressed or implied in the constitution of the right." Erskine, ubi sup. s. 18, 3. Used in regard to mortgaging of property or rents. 8. THIRLE-MTJLTER, S. The duty to be paid by thirlage for grinding. *?,

T H I R L D O M E , S. Thraldom. Na he, that ay hass levyt fre, May nocht knaw weill the propyrte,

549

The angyr, na the wrechyt dome, That is cowplyt to foule thyrldome.

Threldome, ibid, v, 265, Barbour, i. 236. M S. T H I R L E S T A N E - G R A S S , s. Saxifrage. *?. T H O , adv. Then, at that time. *?ee Sup,

Ane wattry cloud blak and dirk but dout, Gan ouer thare hedis tho appere ful richt.

Doug. Virgil, 127, 35. This word occurs very frequently in the same sense in

Chaucer and Gower. It is also used by Langland, in a passage which contains such genuine strokes of poetrj', that I cannot resist the inclination of transcribing it.

Consummatum est, quod Christe, and coinseth for to swonne,

Pitiously and pale as a prisoner doth that dieth ; The Lord of life & of light tho laied his eies togither; The day for dread withdrew, & darck became the

sunne; The wall wagged and clefte, & all the world quaued; Dead men for that dine came out of depe graues, And tolde why that tempest so longe time endured. ' For a bitter battel,' the dead body saide, ' Life & deth in this darknes, here one' fordoth the

other: ' Shal no wight wit witterly, who shal haue maistrye • Er Sonday about sunne rising;' & sanke with tha1

to theartb, P. Ploughman, Fol. 97, I Quaueth, quaketh, A.S. cwau-an. A,S. Isl, tha, Su.G.

Dan. da, turn, tunc. T H O , pron. pi. These.

Defend I suld be one of tho, Quhilk of their feid and malice never ho.

Police of Honour, ii. 25. A catchpole came forth, & cragged both the legges, And the armes after, of either of tho theues.

P. Ploughman, Fol, 98, a, Moes.G. tho, nom, and ace. pi, of the article. In A.S,

it is tha. Tho, however, seems synon. with Thai, q. v. T H O C H T , T H O U C H T , conj. Though ; although.

The Inglissraen, thocht thar chyftayn was slayne, Bauldly thai baid, as men mekill off mayn.

Wallace, iii. 191. MS. . He wes blyth of that tithing, And for dispyte bad draw and hing All the prisoneris, thoucht thai war ma.

Barbour, ii, 456, MS, As out of mynd myne armour on I thrast, Thocht be na resoun persaue I mycht but fale, Quhat than the force of armes could auale.

V. ALLTHOCHT. Doug. Virgil, 49, 36. T H O C H T , s. 1. A very little of any thing. Syn. Ken-

nin. 2. A moment. V. T H O U G H T . *?. T H O C H T Y , adj. 1. Thoughtful. 2. Given to reflec­

tion ; attentive. *?, — H e past a-pon a day In-til huntyng hym til play Wytht honest curt and cumpany Of hys gamyn all thochty. Wyntown, vi, 16. 14.

T H O F , conj. Although, Loth. Thof to the weet my ripen'd aits had fawn, Or shake-winds owr ray rigs wi' pith had blawn, To this I cou'd hae said, " I careua by."

V. A L L T H O C H T . Fergusson's Poems, ii. 6. T H O I L L , T O L L , *. One of the ancient privileges of

barons, usually mentioned in charters. " Barons hauand liberties, with sock, sak, theme, thoill,

infang-theif, and out-fang-theif, may doe justice in their court, vpon ane man, taken within their fredome, saised

T H O T H O with manifest thift." Quon. Attach, c, 100, s. 1. To** and thame, Reg. Maj. B. i. c. 4, s. 2. According to Skene, it is an immunity from payment of

custom in buying. " He quha is infeft with Toll, is custome free, and payis

na custome. - — All Earles, Barrones, Knichts, vassalles, life-renters, Free-halders, and al quha hes landes nomine ekemosynae, suld be quite and free fra payment of Tolland custome within burgh; in bying meate and claith, and vther necessair things to their awin proper vse. Bot gif ony of them be commoun merchandes, they suld paye tholl and custome ; albeit they haue als great libertie as Barronnes." De Verb. Sign. vo. Toll.

In this sense it was also used in E. V. Cowel, vo. Toll. But Spelman defines it to be " the liberty of buying or selling on one's own lands." It occurs indeed in both senses in the A.S. laws; although most frequently in the latter. V. Lye, vo. Toll. L.B. tholonium, telonium.

To T H O L E , T H O I L L , v.a. 1. To bear; to undergo ; to suffer, S. A. Bor. Chauc.

— T h e King, and his cumpany, That war ii. c. and na ma, Frai thai had send thar horss thaim fra, Wandryt emang the hey montanys, Quhar he, and his, oft tholyt panys.

Barbour, iii. 372, M S . H o w that Helenus declaris till Enee Quhat dangeris he Suld thole on land and se.

Doug. Virgil, 79, 52. A.S. thoMan, Moes.G. thul-an, Alem. thol-en, Isl. thol-a,

Su.G. tol-a, Germ, Belg. duld-en, pati, ferre. Ihre thinks that the ancient Latins had used tol-o or

tul-o in the same sense. This he infers from the use of tuli, the pret of fer-o, which is employed to express the bearing of hardships; and also from toler-o, which he con­siders as derived from tol-o, in the same manner as gener-o, from the obsolete gen-o. He also refers to Gr. rah-aa, suffero, perpetior, &c. reth-aoi, miser. 2. To bear with, not to oppose.

" Quha brekis this command ? — Thai that tholis nocht thair father and mother, suppose thai do thame ininris and be cummersum." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 46, b. 3. To bear patiently; to endure, S.

Son of the goddes, lat vs follow that way Bakwart or fordwart quhiddir our fatis driue i Quhat euir betid, this is na bute to striue: Al chance of fortoun tholand oUercummin is.

Doug. Virgil, 151, 34. " Happy is the man that tholis trubil, for quhen he is

preuit & knawin, he sail resaif the croune of lyfe, quhilk God hais promissit till thame that luffis him." Abp. Ha­miltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 27, a.

A.S. thol-ian, Moes.G. thul-an, tolerare. A.S. Swa lange ic eow tholige ? Moes.G. Und quha thuldu izwis f H o w long shall 1 suffer, or exercise patience with, you ? Mar. ix. 19. Su.G. tol-a, patienter ferre. Moes.G. thuldaina, A.S. thokmodnesse, Isl, thol, patientia, Su.G. tolig, patiens. 4. To restrain one's self; to exercise self-command; as a v. n.

Had Bruce past by but baid to Sanct Jhonstoun, Be haill assent he had ressawyt the croun; On Cumyn syn he mycht haiff done the law. He couth nocht thoill fra tym that he him saw.

Wallace, x. 1162. M S . 5. To tolerate, in relation to one accounted a heretic.

" For if I thoill him, I will be accusit for all thame that he corruptis and infectis in Heresie." Memorand. Arch­bishop of St. Androis, Knox's Hist. p. 103. Su.G. tol-a, to tolerate, Seren.

550

6. To exempt from military execution, on certain terms.

The King gert men of gret noblay Ryd in till Ingland for to prey; That broucht owt gret plente of fe : And sum contreis tholyt he, For wittaill, that in gret foysoun He gert bring smertly to the toun.

Barbour, xvii. 228. M S , And with some countries trewes tooke he.—Edit. 1620,

7. T o permit; to allow, S. Yeit glaid wes he that he had chapyt swa, Bot for his men gret murnyng can hema; Flayt by him self to the Makar off buffe, Quhy he sufferyt he suld sic paynys pruff. H e wyst nocht weill giff it wes Goddis will, Rycht or wrang his fortoun to fulfill: Hade he plesd God, he trowit it mycht nocht be, He suld him thoill in sic perplexite.

Wallace, v. 234. MS. Thoill is evidently used as synon. with suffer, v. 230, as

denoting permission. V. also viii. 43. Faint-hearted wights, wha dully stood afar, Tholling your reason great attempts to mar.—•

Ramsay's Poems, i. 325. 8. To wait; to expect.

This seems to be the sense in the following passage. " W e suld nocht prescriue to God any special tyme to

heir our prayer, bot paciently commit all to God baith the maner of our helping and the tyme, according as the Pro­phet commandis in the Psalme, sayand: Expecta Dominum, viriliter age, comfortetur cor tuum, et sustine Dominum. Wait apon our Lord, do all thi deidis stoutly, lat thi hart be of gud comfort, and thok our Lord to wyrk all thingis to his pleisure." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 46, b.

Thole a wee, wait a little; A. Bor. Thok a while ; cor­responding to Su.G. tola tiden, tempus expectare. The idea plainly is; " Exercise patience for a short time." Su.G. gifwa sig tol, to be patient of delay. 9. To thole the law, to be subjected to a legal trial. *?ee *?,

" It is—forbidden, that ony man, that is officiar of ony countrie, or ony man, that indictis ane vther for ony actioun, be on hys assyse, that sail thole the law, vnder the pane of ten pund to the king." Acts, Ja. I. 1424. c. 56. Edit. 1566. 10. To require ; to stand in need of; as, He wad thok a mends, he would need to be reformed. «?.

To T H O L E aff. 1. To admit of a part being taken off. 2. To account one's self sufficiently warm, without some particular part of dress. *?.

To T H O L E on. To admit of any thing being put on. *?. To T H O L E to. 1. To admit the addition of. 2. To ad­

mit the door, &c. being shut. *?. To T H O L E , V. n. To endure ; to exercise patience under

suffering. Thole a wee, bear for a little. *?. T H O L A N C E , fi. Sufferance; toleration. *?. T H O L E A B L E , adj. Tolerable ; what may be suffered. *?. T H O L E S U M , adj. The same as Tholeable. S. T H O L M U D E , T H O I L M U D E , adj. Patient.

In vane that name thou beris, I dare say, Gif thou sa thoilmude sufferis lede away Sa grete ane price but derene or batell.

Doug. Virgil, 140, 35. " Scot. Bor. say thokmoody, i. e. patient," Rudd. See Sup. A.S. thole-mod, tholmod, tholmoda, patiens animi.

THOLE-PIN, s. The thowl in a boat. V. T H O W E L . *?. THOLNIE, s. Toll; duty. *?.

T H O T H O T H O M I C U M T H R A M U N U D . A gift to ecclesiasti­

cal persons, apparently at the celebration of funerals. *?. T H O N , pron. demonstr. Yonder, Loth, yon, S. the accus. of the article A.S. *S'ee Sup. Moes.G. thana, id. or from Su.G. then, anciently thoen,

ille, iste. T H O R , s. " Durance ; confinement, Swed. thor, car­eer," Gl. Sibb.

T H O R L E , * . Thebalance-flyofaspindle. Syn. Whorle.S. T H O R L E - P I P P I N , #. A n apple in form like a thorle. S. THORNY-BACK, s. The Thornback, a fish, *?. THOROUGH. To be thorough, to be sound in mind. *?. THOROW-GO-NIMBLE, s. The diarrhoea. *?. THORROWS, *. pi.

Gret sorrows and thorrows 111 companie procuris: Forese than, with me than, This trouble that induris.

Buret, Watson's Coll. ii. 49. Apparently troubles, q. throws, from A.S. threow-ian,

pati; the word being lengthened for the sake of the measure. To T H O R T E R , v. a. 1. To oppose; to thwart, S.

—" Their willingness to suppresse the growth of these enormities hath been ever thortered and impeded by too many advocations of these matters granted by you, whereby they were discharged of all further proceeding." Letter Ja. VI. Calderwood, p. 581. V. T H O R T O U R , adj. 2. To cross, the furrow in ploughing. 3. To harrow a field across the direction of the ridges. V. ToEndlang. 4. To go backwards and forwards on any thing, (as in sewing,) in the way of doing one's work completely. 5. Metaph. He thortour'd your argument weel, he sifted it thoroughly ; he tried it backwards and forwards. *?.

To T H O R T E R - T H R O W , V. a. To pass an object back­wards and forwards; crossly ; transversely. *?,

T H O R T O U R , S. Opposition ; resistance, S, " The Romanis hes experience aboue ingyne of man in

cheualry. Sa agill of thair bodyis, that they may dant all thortour and difficill gatis. Swift of rynk, and reddy to euery kynd of jeoparde." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 27, a. "The third thorture and debate he had was with the

Provest, bailyes and Councell of the town about their ministery." Mr. James Mellyill's M S . Mem. p, 85,

THORTER-ILL, T H W A R T E R - I L L , fi. A kind of palsy to which sheep are subject, Tweedd. " 3d, Palsy, called trembling or thorter ill, to which those

fed on certain lands are peculiarly subject." P. Linton, Tweedd. Statist. Ace. i. 138. " Trembling, Thwarter, or Leaping ill, These three

appellations, of which the last is most common in Annan-dale, and the first in Selkirkshire and to the eastward, are now used as synonimous." " The animal—continues leaping frequently during the

day, and the neck is frequently stiff, and turned to one side." Prize Essays, Highl. Soc. S. iii. 385. 390. The disease seems to receive its name from this distor­

tion of the neck. T H O R T O U R , T H U O R T O U R , adj. Cross; transverse ; laid

across. See Sup. A cleuch thar was, quharoff a strenth thai maid With thuortour treis, bauldly thar abaid.

Wallace, iv. 540. M S . Su.G. twert oefwer, transverse; from twert adv. turner,

transverse, and oefwer, over, softened into our, S. Dan. twertover, transversely. A.S. thweor, thwyr, thwur, Belg. dwars, dwers, Isl. twer, transversus, oppositus, E. thwart.

T H O R T E R , prep. Across ; athwart. *?. 551

T H O R T E R - K N O T , S. The knarry end of a branch. *?. T H O R T E R - O W E R , prep. Across, a pleonastic term. *?. T H O R T Y R L A N D , S. Land lying across, in relation per­haps to the house, &c. attached to it. *?.

T H O R T R O N , adj. Having a transverse direction. *?. T H O U G H T , T H O U G H T Y , S. 1. In a thought, in a moment, as respecting time, S. *?ee Sup.

2. At a little distance, in respect of place, S.B. Upon his bow he lean'd his milk white hand, A bonny boy a thoughty aff did stand.

Ross's Heknore, p. 68. 3. A small quantity of any thing. 4. In some degree ; somewhat. 5. A wee thought, in a small degree. *?.

T H O U G H T - B A N E , s. The merry-thought ofa fowl.*?. T H O U M , T H O W M E , fi. The thumb ; pron. thoom. 8. THOUM-RAPE.S. A rope of straw twisted on the thumb.*?. THOUM-SYME, S. An instrument for twisting ropes. *?. THUM-STOULE, S. A covering for the thumb. *?. To T H O U T , v. n. To sob, S.B. Gl. Shirr.

This seems radically the same with THUD, q. v. V. also THAUT. S.

T H O U T , S. A sob, S.B.

Judge gin her heart was sair; Out at her mou' it just was like to bout Infill her lap, at ilka ither thout.

Ross's Helenore, p. 23, To T H O W , v. a. To address in the singular number,

as a token of contempt. This v. is used by Shakspeare in the same sense. I

take notice of it, therefore, merely to observe that it had been early used in S.

Wallace ansuer'd, said, " Thow art in the wrang." " Quham thowis thow, Scot ? in faith thow serwis a

blaw." Till him he ran, and out a suerd can draw.

Wallace, i. 398. MS. Dowis, Ed. Perth ; evidently an error of the transcriber

for thowis. The sense is preserved in Ed. 1648. W h o m thoust thou, Scot ?

I need scarcely add that it corresponds to Fr, tutoy-er. To T H O W , v. n. 1. To thaw, S. 2. Used actively ;

to remove the rigour produced by cold, S. See Sup. 1—beekt him brawly at my ingle, Dighted his face, his bandies thow'd-

Ramsay's Poems, i. 145, . T H O W , T H O W E , S. Thaw, S. *?ee Sup.

When thowes dissolve the snawy hoord, Then Water-kelpies haunt the foord,

By your direction. Burns, iii. 73. S M O R E T H O W . This term is applied to a heavy snow, accompanied with a strong wind, which, as it were, threatens to smore, smother, or suffocate one, Ang.

THOW-HOLE, S. The South, as the wind generally blows out of this quarter in the time ofa thaw. <?.

T H O W E L , s, The nitch or hollow in which the oar of a boat acts, Loth, perhaps allied to Thafts, q. v. See *?.

T H O W E E S S , adj. Inactive. V. THEW L E S . THOWLESNES, THOWLYSNES, fi. Inactivity, or evil

habits ; literally, unfitness for service. Hys dochteris he kend to wewe and spyn, As pure wemen thare met to wyn, That thai suld noucht for ydilnes Fall in-til iwyl thowlysnes. Wyntown, vi. 3. 74.

This is printed thowlesnes, Barbour, i. 333. expl. thought. lessness, Gl. But the word in M S . is thowlesnes,

T H R T H R Sone to Paryss can he ga,

And levyt thar full sympylly, The quhethir he glaid was and joly; And til swylk thowlesnes he yeid, As the courss askis off yowtheid!

V. THEWLES.

T H O W R R O U R I S , s.pl. Wallace, iii. 103, most pro­bably, by mistake of some copyist, for skorrowris.

The worthi Scottis maid thar no soiornyng, —Send twa thowrrouris to wesy weyll the playne.

THRA, T H R O , adj. 1. Eager; earnest. Rohand was fol thru, Of Tristrem for to frain. Sir Tristrem, p. 37. st. 56. Hys frendis movyd the Kyng of Frawns For this Willame to mak instawns And thra prayere to the Pape, This Willame that he wald mak Byschape Of Saynct Andrewis se wacand.

i. e. eager to ask of him, Wyntown, viii. 38, 235. Lo here the boundis, lo here Hesperia, Quhilk thou to seik in werefare was sa thra.

Doug. Virgil, 422, 10. 2* Brave; courageous; like E. keen.

Wallace with him had fourty archarys thra, The layff was speris, full nobill in a neid, On thair enemys thai bykkyr with gud speid,

Wallace, ix. 844. M S . Thus the batayl it bigan, Witeth wele it was so,

Bituene the Douk Morgan, And Rouland that was thro.

Sir Tristrem, p. 11. st. 4, 3. Obstinate; pertinacious.

Bot thar mycht na consaill awaile. He wald algat hay bataile. And quhen thai saw he wes sa thra To fycht, thai said, " Y e ma well ga To fycht with yone gret cumpany. Bot we acquyt ws wtrely That nane of ws will stand to fycht."

Barbour, xviii. 71, M S . This may also be the sense of the term in the following

passage. Like as twa bustuous bullis by and by,— Quhen thay assembill in austerne batall thra, With front to front and horn for home attanis Ruschand togiddir with crones and ferefull granis. —

Doug. Virgil, 437, 47. 4. Opposite ; reluctant; averse,

Anone the catall, quhilk fauourit langere The beist ouercumin as thare cheif and here, N o w thame subdewis vndir his warde in hye, Quhilk has the ouerhand, wynnyng and maistery, And of fre wil, al thocht thare myndis be thra, Assentis him til obey • Doug. Virgil, 454, 2.

Isl. thra, pertinacia, thraa-r, thra, thratt, pertinax, as-siduus ; Su.G. traa, id. tra, sese alicui opponere ; resistere.

T H R A , fi. 1. Eagerness; keenness.

Our men on him thrang forward in to thra, Maid throuch his ost feill sloppis to and fra.

Wallace, viii. 237. M S . 2. Debate; contention.

So thochtis thretis in thra our breistis ouerthort, Baleful besynes bayth blis and blythnes gan boist.

V. the adj. Doug. Virgil, 238. a. 23. THRA, T H R A W , T H R A L Y , adv. Eagerly.

The berne bounit to the burgh, with ane blith cheir, Fand the yettis unclosit, and thrang in full thra.

i. e. pressed in full eagerly. Gawan and Gol. i. 5, 552

The batellis so brym, brathly and blicht, Were jonit thraly in thrang, mony thowsand.

Houlate, ii. 14, Thay pingil thraly quha mycht formest be, Wyth doure myndis, vnto the wallis hye.

Doug. Virgil, 431, 34, Thraw seems used in the same sense, if it be not the adj. Bot lo ane sworl of fyre blesis vp thraw ; Lemand towart the lift the fiamb he saw.

Ibid. 435, 38. T H R A E , adj. Backward; reluctant to do any thing. *?. T H R A E , prep. From. Perhaps corruption of Frae. *?. T H R A F F , adj. Thraff drink, E. of Fife. & T H R A F T L Y , adv. In a chiding or surly manner.

" The ambassadours past out of Scotland, in this man­ner as I have shewn you, to London to King Hary, where they were but ihraftly received of the King and council of England at that time." Pitscottie, p. 171.

A.S. thraf-ian, increpare, ihrafung, increpatio, "a chid-ing, reproving, or blaming ;" Somner.

The A.S. v. seems to have the same origin with T H R A , q.v. THRAIF, THRAVE, THREAVE^HRIEVES,*. 1. Twenty-

four sheaves of corn, including two stooks or shocks, S. A. Bor. Glouc. *?ee Sup. " A farmer who rented 60, 80, or 100 acres, was some­

times under the necessity of buying meal for his family in the summer season : Nor will this appear wonderful, when it is considered that 15 bolls of bear have of late years been produced on the same field, where 50 thrave [i. e. thraves] (1200 sheaves) formerly grew, which the owner said ' he would give for 50 bear bannocks (barley cakes).'" P. Caputb, Perth. Statist. Ace. ix. 449, N. " The produce of this farm, which in the year 1780 was

only 900 threaves, amounted to 2700 ihreaves in the year 1790." P. Turreff, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xvii. 406.

2. A multitude ; a considerable number, S. Unwourthy I, amang the laif, Ane kirk dois craif, and nane can have; Sum with ane ihraif playis passage plane, Quhilk to considder is ane pane.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 117. In came visitants a threave,

To entertain them she man leave Her looking-glass. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 463.

Su.G. trafwe, a heap of any kind, acervus segetum, lignorum aliarumque rerum. In one part of Sw. it has precisely the sense of our thrave. Smolando-Goth. en trafwe saad, strues segetum viginti quatuor fascibus con-stans; Seren. Isl. trafwe, a heap of corn cut down. C.B. trefa, drefa, id. L.B. trava, trava bladi, acervus fru-menti. Ihre has remarked on this word, that, among the ancient Goths straba was used to denote that heap of spoils, or trophy, which was erected in honour of a de­ceased warrior,

T H R E A V E R , S. A person who is paid in harvest ac­cording to the number of threaves he cuts down. *?•

T H R E A V I N G , S . The mode of payment mentioned above.*?. To THRAIN, v. n. To THRAIP, v. n. Apparently, to thrive ; to prosper.

The smith swoir be rude and raip, Intill a gallowis mot I gaip, Gif I ten dayis wan pennies thre, For with that craft I can nocht thraip.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 33, Isl. thrif-ast, Su.G, irifw-a, id. J1 and P are often inter­

changed in all the Goth, dialects. To T H R A L L , v.a. 1. T o enslave. 2. T o subject to

any sort of servitude; applied to heritable property. *?

T H R T H R T H R A L L , adj. Enslaved; also s. A slave. *?. 7V> T H R A M , v. n. To thrive, Aberd. Moray, Gl. Shirr.

Sae, while we honest means pursue, Well mat thou thram, for sin thou's been so free, I for a whyllie yet sal lat thee be.

Ross's Heknore, p. 21. W e yet may chance to thram : Nor ferly, tho' sparely The blessings now are gi'en. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 360.

Isl. thro-ast, invalescere, incrementum capere; throan, throtte, incrementum ac vires viriles.

To THRAMLE, T H R A M M L E off, v. a. To wind. *?. THRAMML'T, part. pa. Winded; reeled. *?. THRAMMEL,s. V. M E A L AND T H R A M M E L under Meal. THRAMMEL, s. The rope which is fastened at one end to the yoke of an ox, at the other to the stake. *?.

To T H R A N G , v. a. To throng, S. Sw. traang-a, to crowd, A.S. thring-en, to press, from

Moes.G. threih-an, id. To THRANG, V. n. To throng; to rush in a crowd to­wards a place; as, They are thrangin to the kirk; they are going to church in crowds, S. *?ee Sup. Moes.G. thrang-an signifies currere. But this seems

merely the same with E. throng, v. n. Tw&.kHG,pret.andpart.pa. Pressed; rushed. V . T H R I N G . T H R A N G , adj. 1. Crowded, S. Sir J. Sinclair's Ob-

serv. p. 109, Belg. gedrang, id, Isl. thraung-ur, Su.G. traang, arctus,

angustus. 2. Intimate; familiar, S. thick, grit, synon.

Fu' tyr'd he seem'd, yet back wi' me wou'd gang, Syne hame we scour'd fu' cheery and fu' thrang :' Wi' kindly heart he aft your welfare speer'd.

Morison's Poems, p. 136. " They are very throng, for intimate together, is a very

common Scotticism." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 109. V. GILL-WHEEP.

3. Busy; busily employed. 4, Applied to the time or season of busy engagement. 5. Transferred to the engagement or work itself. *?.

T H R A N G , s. 1. A throng; a crowd, S. See Sup.

2. Constant employment, S. " Ye canna get leave to thrive for thrang;" Ramsay's

S. Prov. p. 81. 3. Straits; a state of hardship or oppression.

The nobill men, that ar off Scottis kind, Thar petous dede ye kepe in to your mynd. And ws rawenge, quhen we ar set in thrang.

Wallace, vii. 237. M S . Editors, not understanding the sense, have changed the

word to throng. It is A.S. thrang, turba, or Isl. thraeng, angusta, used metaph. Su.G. traangmaal, necessitas. 4. Pressure of business. 5. Intimacy. 6. Bustle; confusion. *?.

T H R A N G E R I E , fi. A bustle. *?.

T H R A N G I T Y , S. The state of being throng. *?. THRAPPLE, S. The windpipe. V. THROPILL. *?.

7bTHRAPPLE, v.a. To throttle or strangle, S, Thropple, A. Bor. V. THROPILL. See Sup.

To THRAPPLE up. To devour ; to gobble up. *?.

To THRAPPLE, v. a. To entangle with cords. *?. THRASH, s. A rush. V. T H R U S H . See Sup.

To T H R A T C H , V. n. To gasp convulsively, as one does in the agonies of death, S.B.; to draucht, synon.

Graenin in mortal agony, Their steeds were tkratchin near.

Jamieson's Popul, Ball, i, 245. V O L . II. 553

Isl. threyte, certo, fatigo, laboro; thraute, labor ; Su.G. trot, fatigatus, trott-a, fatigare. See Sup.

T H R A T C H , S. The oppressed and violent respiration of one in the last agonies, S.B. Dead-trach occurs in this sense, evidently an errat. for

dead-thratch. " That same deceitfull illusion—having, by slow degrees,

mounted to so monstrous an height, is now, agayne, neare the dead-trach, to the Devil's great displeasure." For-bes's Eubulus, p. 107.

T H R A V E , s. Twenty-four sheaves. V. T H R A I F . »?. To T H R A V E , V. n. To have wages in proportion to the number of thraves cut down in harvest. *?.

T H R A V E R , S. A person who works on these terms. *?. To T H R A W , v. a. To cast; to throw.

With how grete thud in the melle, Ane lance towartis his aduersaris thrawis he.

A.S. thraw-an, jacere. Doug Virgil, 371, 38. To T H R A W , v. a. 1. To wreathe ; to twist, S.

" Thraw the wand while it's green ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 30.

Throw is used in the same sense. V.*TITUPP. 2. To wrench; to sprain, S. V. Gl. Shirr. I've thrown my kute, I have sprained m y ancle.

3. To distort; to wrest. " Sum factius, and curius men techeis the scripture to

be iuge, quha vnder the pretence of the auanceraent and libertie of the Euangell, hes euir socht the libertie of thare flesche, furthsetting of thare errouris, auancement of thare awin glore, curiosite and opinioun, wrestand and throwing the scripture, contrare the godlie menynge of the samyn, to be the scheild and buklare to thair lustes, and heresiis." Kennedy, Commendatar of Crosraguell, p. 6. 4. To oppose ; to resist. V. T H R A W I N . T O carry any measure by a strong hand, S. " The Lordis perceaving that, come vnto hir with dis-

simulat countenance, with reuerent and faire speaches, and said, that thair intentiouns were nawayes to thraw hir; and thairfoir imediatelye wald repone hir with free-dome to hir awin palace of Halyrudhous, to doe as shoe list." Historie James Sext, p. 21. 5. To Thraw out, to extort; to obtain by violence.

" When hee hath thrawne all these good turnes out of them, whereof they haue noe wite, because they doe it for ane vther end, hee maketh ilkane of them to be bang-men to vther." Bruce's Eleven Serm. R. 1. b. 6. To T H R A W with. To contend; to be in bad humour with. 7- To T H R A W the mou. Literally to distort the face; metaph. to express dissatisfaction. *?. A.S. thraw-ian, torquere; tk?-eag-an, tkre-an, torquere,

vexare. THRAW, S. One turn of the hand in twisting any thing. *?. To THRAW, V. n. 1. To cast; to warp. 2. To twist from agony. S.

THRAWEN-DAYS, AULD THRAWEN-DAYES, S. A name for a petted child. *?.

THRA WIN, part.adj. l.Distorted; having the appearance ofill-humour; applied to the countenance,S. rawm.*?.

Alecto hir thrawin vissage did away, All furius membris laid apart and array.

Doug. Virgil, 221, 32. 2, Cross-grained; ofa perverse temper, S. V. T H R A W , T. See Sup. 3. Expressive of anger or ill-humour, S. " A thrawin question should have a thrawart answer;"

Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 16. Isl. thra, Su.G. traegen, pervicax, obstinatus.

THRAWYNLYE,a*fo. In a manner expressive of ill-humour. 4A

T H R T H R With bludy ene rolling ful tkrawynlye, Oft and rycht schrewitly wald she clepe and crye.

Doug. Virgil, 220, 49. T H R A W I N - M O W I T , adj. Twisted in the mouth. *?. T H R A W N - M U G G E N T , adj. Having a perverse disposi­

tion, Ang. V. I L L - M U G G E N T . T H R A W I N N E S S , S,. Perverseness; obstinacy. *?. T H R A W N - G A B B I T , adj. Peevish ; ill-tempered. *?. T H R A W , s. A pang; an agony. The dede thrawis, the agonies of death, S.

Doun duschit the beist dede on the land can ly, Spreulaud and flychterand in the dede thrawis.

Doug. Virgil, 143, 51. Isl. thra, aegritudo; Su.G. traege, dolor, moestitia; A.S.

threa, poena, inflictio ; threow-an, agonizare. Rudd. con­founds this with the term denoting a short while. But they are radically different.

T H R A W in the belly. Belly-ache; gripes. *?. T H R A W , s. Anger; ill-humour, S. See Sup.

Lasses were kiss'd frae lug to lug, Nor seem'd to tak it ill,

Wi' thraw that day. R. Galloway's Poems, p. 93.

This is evidently the same with T H R A , S. q. v. T H R A W , s. A short space of time ; a little while ; a

trice. See Sup. Throw help thareof he chasis the wyndis awa, And trubly cloudis diuidis in ane thraw.

Doug. Virgil, 108, 21. O.E. throw, Rom. Cueur de Lyon. By throwes, by turns. By th?-owes eche of them it hadde.

Gower's Conf. Am. Fol. 10. A.S. thrah, Isl. thrauge, cursus, decursus temporis, tem-

pus continuum; from Moes.G. thragjan, currere. The A.S. term is used indefinitely. Sume thrage, in quoddam tempus; lange thrage, in longum tempus. It seems to have been originally used, by our writers, in a similar manner; the duration being determined by the epithet.

For it is best Thy wery ene thou priuely withdrew From langsum labour, and slepe ane litle thraw.

Doug. Virgil, 156, 44. THRAW, s.

The Kyng hym self Latinus, the great here, Quhisperis and musis, and is in manere fere, Quham he sal cheis, or call vnto hys thraw To be his douchteris spous, and son in law.

Doug. Virgil, 435, 10. Probably favour, good graces, Su.G. traa, ane. thra,

desiderium. Jutta honfick swa myckin thraa; Jutta tanto desiderio (sororem videndi) tenebatur. Chron. Rhythm. p. 36. ap. Ihre. Su.G. Isl. tra, desiderare.

T H R A W , adv. Eagerly ; or adj. V. T H R A , adv. T H R A W A R T , T H R A W A R D , adj. l.Froward; perverse.

This Eneas, wyth hydduous barganyng, In Itale thrawart pepill sail down thring.

Doug. Virgil, 21, 10. Syne said he, Son, thou irkit ar all gatis By the contrarius thrawart Troiane fatis.

Ibid. 73, 38. " Be not outrageous, nor thraward vpon the woman,

but teach her with meekenes." H. Balnaues's Conf. Faith, p. 230. 2. Backward ; reluctant, S.

" The owners and workmen were very thrawart to do any service either for themselves or us." Baillie's Lett.i.209. Rudd. views it as corr. from Frawart, q. v. I suspect

that it is rather from A.S. thraw-ian, to twist, or Su.G. tra, resistere, cum aliquo litigare. Isl. thrayrdi, pervicax contentio.

554

T H R A W A R T , prep. Athwart; across. The schippis steuyn thrawart hir went can wryitb, And turnit hir braid syde to the wallis swyth.

V. preceding word. Doug. Virgil, 16, 23. T H R A W A R T - L I K E , S. Having the appearance of cross­

ness, or of great reluctance. *?. T H R A W A R T N E S , T H R A W A R D N E S S E , S. Perverseness.*?.

To T H R A W up, v. n. To grow up hastily ; to increase rapidly in stature ; applied to young persons. *?.

T H R A W - C R U K , s. An instrument for twisting ropes of straw, hair, &c. S.

Ane thraw-cruk to twyne ane tether. Bannatyne Poems, p. 160. st. 9.

Denominated from its hooked form. Su.G. krok, quic-quid aduncura vel incurvum est; Belg. krook, Fr. croc, E. crook, C.B. crweca, curvus. Thraw, to twist. V. the v.

THRAWIN, THRAWYNLYE. V. T H R A W , V. 2. THRAW-MOUSE, s. The shrewmouse. *?. THRAWS-SPANG.fi. Part of a plough, Orkn. *S'. THREAD O' BLUE. A phrase applied to any thing in writing or conversation that is smutty. *?.

T H R E A V I N G , and T H R E A VER. V. underTHRAiF.fi. T H R E E F A U L D , adj. Threefold. *?. THI C K and THR E E F A U L D . A phrase applied when a number of objects follow each other in close succession.

THREE-GIRR'D, adj. Encircled with three hoops./?. THREE-NEUKIT, adj. Triangular. *?. T H R E E P L E , adj. Triple, of which it seems a corr. *?. T H R E E P T R E E , s. The large beam which is imme­diately connected with the plough. *?.

THR E E - T A E D , adj. Having three prongs. V. TAE.*?. T H R E F T , adj. Reluctant; perverse, Loth. See Sup.

From A.S. thraf-ian, increpare, to chide, to reprove. V. THRAFTLY.

THREISHIN, s. Courting. V. TREESHIN. *?. THRELL MULTURE, V. THRILL, adj. 8. T H R E N E , s. Syn. Bane, Tronie, Freit. S. To T H R E P E , T H R E I P , V. n. 1. To aver with pertina­city. It properly denotes continued assertion, in re­ply to denial, S. A. Bor. threap. See Sup.

— S u m wald swere, that I the text haue waryit, Or that I haue this volume quite myscaryit, Or threpe planelie, I come neuer nere hand it.

Doug. Virgil, Pref. 12, 2, 2. To contend; to quarrel. 3. To urge with pertinacity.*?.

It is also used actively, S. Wald God I had thare eris to pull,

Miskriawis the crede, and threpis vthir forwayis. Ibid. Prol. 66, 25.

A.S. threap-ian, redarguere. T H R E P E , T H R E E P , T H R E A P , s. 1. A vehement or perti­

nacious affirmation, S. Say thai nocht, I haue myne honeste degraid, And at my self to schut ane but has maid ? Nane vthir thing in threpe here wrocht haue I, Bot fenyete fablis of ydolatry, With sic myscheif as aucht nocht named be.

Doug. Virgil, 481, 38. 'Bout onie threap when he and I fell out, That was the road that he was for, no doubt.

Ross's Helenore, p. 34. 2. A contest. 3. Applied to traditionary superstition.*?.

A N A U L D T H R E E P . A superstition obstinately persisted in of old. *?.

To K E E P one's T H R E E P . To continue pertinaciously in any assertion or course. *?.

T H R T H R T H R E S U M , adj. Three together; three in conjunc­

tion, S, threesum. V. S U M , term. T H R E S W A L D , s. Threshold. See Sup.

Tho to the dur thresuiald cummin ar thay. Doug. Virgil, 164, 7.

A.S. threscwald, threxwold; from thresc-an, forire, and wald, lignum, i. e. the wood which one strikes with one's feet at entering or going out of a house. Su.G. trooskel, Dan. taerskel, Isl. throskulid-ur, id.

THRESHWART, T H R E S H W O R T , S. The threshold. *?.

THRETE, s. 1. A throng; a crowd. Thus said sche, and with sic sembland as micht be, Him towart hir has brocht but ony threte, And set the auld doun in the haly sette.

Doug. Virgil, 56, 37. 2. In thretis, in pairs ; in couples.

— _ _ — Enee, King Murranus, of ancestry mayst hie, Furth of his carte has smittin qwyte away, . And bet him doun vnto the erd wyndflaacht, . Wyth ane gret rouk and quhirland stane ouer raucht; That this-Murranus, the reuis and the thetis, Quharewith his stedis yokkit war in thretis, • Vnder the quhelis has do weltit doun.

Doug. Virgil, 429, 35, " Rather perhaps the same with thetes, traces," Sibb.

But there is no good reason for this conjecture. 3. In threte, in haste ; eagerly.

Sum vthir perordour caldronis gan vpset, And skatterit endlangis the grene the colis het, Vnder the spetis swakkis the roste in threte.

Doug. Virgil, 130, 46. The rynnyng hound dois hym assale in threte, Baith with swift rais, and with his questis grete.

Ibid. 439, 24. A.S. threat, caterva, coetus, chorus; on threate, in choro;

tkreatmaelum, catervatim. In sense 3., however, as signi­fying eagerly, it may be allied to Isl. thraete, threyte, con-tendo, certo, laboro; or thraa, thratt, assiduus, pervicax.

To T H R E T E , V. n. To crowd ; to press. So thochtis thretis in thra our breistis ouerthort, Baleful besynes bayth blis and blythnes gan boist.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238, a. 23, A.S. threat-an, urgere, angariare. This is the primary

sense of the v. from which E. threaten is derived. T H R E T T E N E , adj. Thirteen, Wyntown, S. thretteen.

A.S. threottyne, Isl. threttan, id. See Sup. T H R E T T E I N T , adj. Thirteenth.

" The Thretteint chapitre," Kennedy's Compend. Trac-tiue, p. 74.

T H R E T T Y , adj. Thirty, S. • Assemblyd then, Thai war weile thretty thowsand men.

Wyntown, ix. 7. 37. A.S. thiittig, Isl. thriatio, Sw. trettio.

T H R E T T Y P E N N I E S . A denomination of money once common in S. Twopence halfpenny British. S.

T H R E W , pret. v. Struck. That staff he had, hewy and forgyt new, With it Wallace wpon the hede him threw.

Wallace, iv. 252. M S . The nearest affinity I have observed is in Su.G. torjw-a,

to strike (icere, verberare; Ihre.) The term is changed to drew, Edit. 1648.

T H R Y , adj. 1. Cross; perverse, S.B. Among ill hands yoursell as well as I It seems has fallen, our fortune's been but thry.

Ross's Helenore, p. 48. 2. Reluctant, S.B.

555

She now was mair nar fain, That kind gueed luck had latten him till his ain, Afore mishap had forc'd him to comply Unto a match to which he was sae thry.—Ibid. p. 93.

This seems radically the same with T H R A , a v T H R I D , adj. Third, S.

Off thar cowyne the thrid had thai The thrid with full gret hy with this Rycht till the bra syd he yeid, And stert be hynd hym on hys sted.

Barbour, iii. 102. 126. M S . A.S. thridda, Isl. thridie, id. Hence, in the Edda, Odin

is called Thridi, as being third in rank among the deities of the ancient Goths. V. G. Andr.

To T H R I D , v. a. To divide into three parts, " And quhen the wardane rydis, or ony vther chiftane,

and with him greit fellowschip or small, that nane o-ano-away with na maner of gude quhill it be thriddit, and partit befoir the chiftane, as vse and custume is of the Merchis vnder the pane of tresoun, and to be hangit and drawin, and his gudis escheit." Acts, James II. 1445. c. 57. Edit. 1566. c. 52. Murray.

T H R I D , S. The third part. S. T H R I D A N D T E I N (Teind.) A method of letting arable

land for the third and tenth of the produce. *?. T H R I E S T , s. Constraint, V. T H R I S T . 8. T H R I E V E , s„ Twenty-four sheaves of corn. *?. T H R I F E , s. Prosperity ; like E. Thrift. 8. To T H R Y F T , v. n. To thrive, Dunbar.

Isl. thref-ast, Su.G. trifw-as, id. T H R Y E T , S. Prosperity.

Wythin this place, iu al plesour and thryft Are hale the pissance quhilkis in iust battell Slane in defence of thare kynd cuntre fell.

Doug. Virgil, 188, 15. Isl. thrif, nutritio, Su.G. trefnad, vigor. V, the v.

T H R I F T L E S S * adj. Profuse; extravagant, E. Unprofit­able ; what does not tend to prosperity, S, *S".

7b T H R Y L L , v.a. To enslave; to enthral. V . T H R A L L . , " Quhat othir thyng desyre thay, bot to sit down in our landis, castellis, and townis, and outhir to thryll ws to maist schamefull seruitude, or ellis, to banis the maist nobyll and vailyeant men amang ws ?" Bellend. Cron. Fol. 24, b. This is equivalent to thirl. For a little downward, it is said; " Behald the Gallis your nychtbouris, quhilkis (as sone

as thay war vincust be Romanis) war thirlit to perpetuall seruytude." V. THIRL, V.

T H R I L L , T H R E L L , adj. Astricted. Thrill multer, the fee for grinding at a mill to which tenants are thirled. S.

T H R Y L L , T H R I L , T H R E L L , S. A slave, E. thrall. And he that thryll is has nocht his ; All that he hass enbandownyt is Till hys lord, quhateuir he be.—Barbour, i. 243. MS. Syne for to defend the cite, Bath serwandis and threllis mad he fre.

V. T H E O E , sense 2. » Ibid. iii. 220. M S . A.S. Isl, thrael, Su.G. id. Isl. thraellsleg-ur, of or be­

longing to a slave. T H R I L L A G E , S. Bondage ; servitude,

Eduuard gayf hym his fadris heretage, Bot he thocht ay till hald hym in thrillage.

Wallace, i. 136. M S . T H R I L W A L L , s. The name by which the wall, be­

tween Scotland and England, erected by Severus, was called in the time of Wyntown.

A wall thare-eftyr ordanyt thai For to be made betwene Scotland And thame, swa that it mycht wythstand

T H R T H R

Thare fays, that thame swa skaythit had; And of comon cost thai maid ; And yhit men callys it Thrilwcdl.

Wyntown, v. 10. 579. Fordun gives it the same name. Scotichr. Lib. ii. c. 7.

He elsewhere calls it Thirlitwall, observing that it was thus denominated on account of the gaps made in it, here and there, by the Scots and Picts, that they might have free issue and entry. Latine Murusperforatus, Ibid. Lib. iii. c. 10.

To T H R I M L E , T H R I M B L E , T H R U M B L E , v.a. To press; to squeeze. Also, to handle. See Sup.

I saw m y selfe, quhen grufelings amid his cafe T w a bodies of our sort he tuke and raife, And intil his hidduous hand thame thrimblit and wrang, And on the stanis out thar harnis dang.

V. v. n. Doug. Virgil, 89, 28. To T H S I M L E , T H R I M M E L , T H R U M B L E , v.n. To press

into, or through, with difficulty and eagerness, S. applied both to a crowd collectively, and to an indi­vidual pressing into a crowd, S.B.

For quhen the feirs Achil persewit sare, Chasand affrayit Troianis here and thare, The grete routis to the wallis ihrimland, To fore his face half dede for fere trimland.—

Doug. Virgil, 155, 12. Peter, who was ever maist sudden, sayis : " Thou art

thrumbled and thrusted be the multitude, and yet thou speeris quha lies twitched thee." Bruce's Serm. Sacr. J. 5, a.

It is strange that Rudd. and Sibb. should both view this as perhaps originally tbe same with Thirl. It does not, as the latter asserts, even bear the same meaning. For it nowise suggests the idea of drilling, or boring.

It might seem allied to A.S. thrym, multitudo. But I would rather deduce it from Teut. drommel, res simul cora-pactae et densae; from dromm-en, premere. It may, how­ever, have the same origin with the following v.

To T H R I M L E , v. n. T o wrestle; to fumble, S.B. Gl. Shirr. See Sup. This seems the meaning of thrimble as used by Adamson. Then on the plain we caprel'd wonder fast: With kind embracements did we thurst and thrimble, (For in these days I was exceeding nimble.)

Muse's Threnodie, p. 23. Isl. eg thrume, certo, pugno; G. Andr.

To THRIMP, v. a. To press. V. T H R U M P . S. T H R Y N F A L D , adj. Threefold.

To me he gaif ane thik clowtit habirihone, Ane thrynfald hawbrek was all gold begone.

Doug. Virgil, 83, 51. A.S. thrynen, Isl. threnver, trinus; from Moes.G. thrins,

three. To T H R I N G , v. a. T o press; to thrust, Chaucer,

thringe, part. pa. thrung. See Sup. The rumour is, doun thrung vnder this mont Enceladus body with thunder lyis half bront.

V. D O U N T H R I N G . Doug. Virgil, 87, 52. I sawe also, that quhere sum were slungin, Be quhirlyng of the quhele, vnto the ground,

Full sudaynly scho hath vp ythrungin, And set theme on agane full sauf and sound.

King's Quair, v. 14. " Thrown up," N. Tytler. But it strictly signifies,

thrust up. A.S. thring-an, urgere, premere, Isl. threing-ia, Su.G.

traeng-a, Belg. dring-en, id. from Su.G. traeng, strait, nar­row. Ihre views Moes.G. thraih-an, arctare, premere, as proclaiming the antiquity of the word. Hence thraih-ands vigs, narrow way, Matt. vii. 14. The v. Dring, q. v. is evidently from the same fountain.

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To T H R I N G , V. n. T o press on, or forward ; pret.'thrang. Thai—war thringand, in gret foysoun, Rycht to the yat a fyr to ma.—Barbour, xvii. 758. MS. All folkis enuiroun did to the coistis thring.

Doug. Virgil, 131, 2. The berne bounit to the burgh, with ane blith cheir, Fand the yettis unclosit, and thrang in fell thra.

Gawan and Gol. i. 5. T H R I N T E R , s. A sheep of three years (winters) old, *?, T H R I S S E L - C O C K , s. The thrush or Throstle-cock. S. T H R I S S I L L , T H R I S L E . S. The thistle, an herb, S.

Cursit and barren the eirth salbe Quhair euir thow gois, till that thow die : But laubour it sail heir na come, Bot thrissil, nettill, breir, and thorne.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 30. Thocht thou hes slane the heuinlie flour of France, Quhilk impit was into the Thrissill kene, Quhairin all Scotland saw thair haill plesance;— Thocht rute be pullit from the leuis grene, The smell of it sail in despite of the, Keip ay twa realrais in peice and amitie.—Ibid. p. 296.

" May yee gather grapes of thornes, or figges of thrisks f no no, it is contrary thare nature." H. Balnaues's Conf. Faith, p. 132.

This is the national Badge in the arms of S. Then callit scho all flouris that grew on feild, Discryving all their fassiouns and effeirs ; Upon the awful thrissill scho beheld, And saw him keipit with a busche of speiris : Considering him so able for tbe weiris, A radius crown of rubies scho him gaif, And said, In feild go furth, and fend the laif.

Dunbar's Thistle and Rose, Bannatyne Poems, p. 5. It is not easy to determine the particular species of

thistle which should be viewed as the Scottish emblem. Most probably it is the Spear thistle, carduus lanceolatus, Linn., which is a wide-spreading elegant plant, very com­mon in Scotland, and which accords well with Buchanan's celebrated inscription, Nemo m e impune lacesset.—The Milk thistle, or Our Lady's thistle, Carduus Marianus, has been preferred by some. It grows on the banks of Stir­ling Castle, and about Fort William ; but Lightfoot, in his Flora, denies that it is indigenous to Scotland, never being found but in the neighbourhood of cultivation. Besides, the finely variegated leaves of the Milk thistle would not probably have escaped the praises of Dunbar and others.

This seems to be the Scots thistle referred to by Dr. Garnet, who, when describing the castle of Dumbarton, says; " The true Scotch thistle, a rare plant, having its light green leaves variegated with white, grows in consi­derable quantity about the bottom *of the rock, and spa­ringly even on the very top." Tour through the High­lands, &c. vol. i. p. 14. Others give the preference to the lofty Cotton thistle, onspordon acanthium, which gro\i« on calcareous soils, by our sea-shores, to the height of 10 or 12 feet. But it is destitute of the formidable spines of the two former.

This name, with the r, does not seem to occur in any other dialect. It may, however, be supposed that this was its ancient form among the Goths, as the linnet, which Lat. is called carduelis from carduus, because it feeds among thistles, is in Isl. denominated throstr. V. G. Andr.

T H R I S S L Y , adj. Testy ; crabbed, S.B. See Sup. This at first view might seem a metaph. term formed

from thrissill, a thistle, to which our national motto, re­ferred to above, is certainly applicable. But perhaps it is rather allied to Germ, verdriesslich, fretful, uncivil, rude, &c. or A.S. thristkce, bold, daring.

T H R To THRIST, v. a. 1. To thrust.

Thare haris al war towkit vp on thare croun, That bayth with how and helme was thristit doun.

Doug. Virgil, 146, 18. 2. To oppress; to vex.

Bot I sail schaw the, sen sic thochtis the tkristis, And here declare of destanyis the secrete.

Doug. Virgil, 21, 6. It was also used in E. Thei schoued, thei thrist, thei stode o strut.

R. Brunne, App. to Pref. ex civ. Isl. tkrijst-a, thriost-a, trudere, premere.

THRIST, S. 1. Difficulty ; pressure. Withdrawe the from na perrellis, nor hard thrist, Bot euir enforce mare stranglie to resist Agane dangeris, than fortoun sufferis the.

Doug. Virgil, 166, 8. 2. A push, 3. The action of the jaws in squeezing the juice from a quid of tobacco. *?.

To THRIST, v. n. To spin ; often, to thrist a thread, S.B. A.S. thraest-an, to wreathe, to twist.

To THRIST, v. a. To trust; to give on credit. " Browsters, Fleshers, and Baikers, sail lenne (and thrist)

to their neighbours aill, flesh, and bread, sa lang as they buy fra them. And gif they pay not, they are not halden to lenne (or thrist) any mair." Burrow Lawes, c. 130. From the same origin with E. trust. Su.G. tro, id.

THRIST.fi. Thirst.—To T H R I S T , v.n. To thirst. *?. THRISTER,S. One who thirsts for. THRISTY,G!6*/. Thirsty. THRISTINESS, S. Thirst. *?. T H R Y S T , s. A n engagement. *?. T H R O , adj. Eager ; brave ; obstinate, &c. V. THRA.*?. T H R O C H , T H B O U C H E , T H R U C H (gutt.), s. 1. A sheet of paper. " At this time David Beaton, Cardinal of Scotland,

standing in presence of the King, seeing him begin to fail of his strength and natural speech, held a throch of paper to his Grace, and caused him to subscribe tbe same; wherein the said Cardinal wrote what pleased him for his own particular well, thinking to have authority and pre-heminence in the government of the country." Pitscot­tie, p. 177. " W e command you to mak an act,—that all letteris

[issued from the Signet] that conteinis mair nor ane throuche of paper, that everie battering, and end of the throuche, sail be subscrivit be him;" i. e. by the keeper of the Signet. Act Sederunt, 21st December, 1590. Either from A.S. throe, a table, because of its flat form;

or Dan. trykk-er, to print, whence tryk-papier, printing paper. A throuche might originally signify as much paper as was laid in the press at once, to receive the impression; Belg, drucke, impressio, character. 2. Used metaph. for a small literary work; as we now say, a sheet.

To quhome suld I m y ruvall veirse direct, Bot unto him that can thame weill correct, Befoir quhome suld this matter ga to licht, Bot to ane faithfull godly christin Knicht, To quhome can I this lytill throuch propyne, But unto ane of excellent ingyne ?

Lament. Lady Scotland, Dedic. THROCH-AND-THROUGH,tftft<. Completely through. To THROCK,' v. a. To throng. S. THROCK, S. A crowd ; a throng. *?. THROLL, 5. A hole ; a gap.

And eik forgane the broken brow of the mont Ane horribill cane with brade and large front, Thare may be sene ane throll, or aynding stede,

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T H R Of terribill Pluto fader of hel and dede,

Ane rifth or swelth so grislie for to se; To Acheron reuin doun. Doug. Virgil, 227, 41.

" Properly, a hole made by drilling or boring," Gl. Sibb. A.S. thyrel, foramen.

T H R O O K , s. A n instrument for twining ropes. *?. THROOSH, pret. of the v. to Thresh. S. T H R O P I L L , s . l.Thewindpipe; the throttle, S.thrapple.

—-— And hyt the formast in the hals, Till thropill and wesand yeid in ii. And he doun till the erd gan ga.

Barbour, vii. 584. M S . 2. Used improperly for the throat, S. V. Sir J. Sin­clair's Observ. p. 129. A.S. throt-boll, id. from throt, the throat, and bolla, a

bowl or vessel, q. the throat-bowl. Johns, mentions thrapple in his Dictionary; but he gives

it as a S. word. Both it and E. throttk are from the same origin. While the E. lay the emphasis on the t in throt, we convert the t and b into pp. Throppk is used Yorks. in the same sense ; Ray.

To T H R O S T L E , v . n. Perhaps, to warble; but doubtful. T H R O U C H , s. Faith ; credit.

Men said he chesyt had A spyryt, that him ansuer made, Off thingis that he wald inquer. Bot he fulyt, for owtyn wer, That gaiff throuch till that creatur. For feyndys ar off sic natur, That thai to mankind has iuwy.

Barbour, iv. 223. M S . In Edit. 1620, the word traist is used. Throuch may be

from the same origin with Su.G. trogen, trygg, faithful, tro, to believe.

It may be questioned, however, whether the phrase, gaiff throuch, be not equivalent to gave place ; from A.S. thurh, through, a prep, respecting place.

T H R O U C H (gutt.), prep. Through, S. Throuch and throuch, S. thoroughly; fully.

— H o w grislie and how grete I you sane, Lurkis Polyphemus yymmand his beistis rouch, And all thare pappis melkis throuch and throuch.

Doug. Virgil, 90, 4. To T H R O U C H , T H R O U G H (gutt), v.a. 1. To carry through.

"In our Assembly, thanks to God, we have throughed not only our presbyteries, but also our synods provincial aud national." Baillie's Lett. ii. 63. Throughing, i. 53. 2. T o pierce through ; to penetrate, *?.

To T H R O U G H , v.n. To go on, literally; To mak to through, to make good, S,

N o w haud ye there, for ye have said enough, And muckle mair than ye can mak to through.

Burns, iii. 58. Through is sometimes used as an adj. " They were th?-ough and satisfied in their own judg­

ments for the truth,—and rather confirmed farther ther-into, nor ony wayes moved to the contrary, for ought that had been spoken." Mr. James Mellvill's M S . Mem. p. 334, q. thwoughly satisfied.

T H R O U C H , T H R U C H , adj. Active; expeditious; as, a throuch wife, an active woman, S.B. from the prep.

T H R O U G H OTHER, T H R O W ITHER, adv. Confusedly ;

promiscuously, S. throuther. See Sup. " The King, being some part dejected in so great a

variance, gathered an army of all kind of people through other, without any order, and sent them forth to repress the proudness of the commons." Pitscottie, p. 28.

For Nory's heart began to cool full fast,

T H R T H R

Whan she fand things had taken sic a cast, And sae throw ither wrapl'd were, that she Bco-an to dread atweesh them what might be.

Ross's Helenore, p. 86. Their bauldest thoughts a hank'ring swither

To stan' or rin, Till skelp—a shot—they're aff, a' throwther,

To save their skin. Burns, iii. 26.

T H R O W G A N G , S. A thoroughfare; a passage, S. See S.

By the quhilk slop the place within apperis, The wyde wallis wox patent all in feris Of Priamus and ancient Kingis of Troy, Secret ihrowgangis ar schawin wont to be koy.

Doug. Virgil, 55, 11. It is sometimes used as an adj. A throwgang close is an open passage, by which one

may go from one street to another, as opposed to a blind alley, S.

Belg. doorgang, a passage. T H R O U G H P I T , S. Activity; expedition in doing any

thing. Throughpit of wark, S.B. pron. throwpit, from through and put.

THROUCHE-FAIR, adj. Belonging to a thoroughfare. *?. THKOUCHLIE, adv. Thoroughly, *?• THROUGH-A RT, S. Perhaps a small aperture. V. BOA L . *?. T H R O U G H - B A N D , THROUGH-BAN', S. A stone which goes the whole breadth of a wall. 8.

THROUGH-BEARIN'.S. A livelihood; means of sustenance. THROUGA'IN, T H R Q W G A U N , part. adj. 1. Active ; push­ing. 2. Prodigal; wasting property. *?•

THROUGH-GANGING, adj. Active ; having a great deal of action ; a term used by jockeys. *?•

THROUGH-GAUN, S. A severe philippic pointing out mi­nutely the faults in one's conduct. *?•

THROUGH-PITTIN', S. 1. A bare sustenance ; as much as puts one through. 2. A rough handling. *?.

THROU'THER, adj. 1. Confused in mind or manner. 2. The confusion which flows from distemper. *?.

THRouGH-STONE.fi. Astone which goes through a wall.*?. THROUGHSTONE, s. V. THRUCH-STANE. *?. T H R O U G H THE NEEDLE-EE. A game played by young people, described in the Supplement. 8.

To T H R O W , v. a. To twist; to wrench; the same with Thraw, q. v.

T H R O W E , T H R O U , prep. By means of; by the agency of; by authority of. *?.

T H R U C H - S T A N E , s. A flat grave-stone, Loth. Ayrs. Throh ofston occurs in the same sense, O.E. *?ee *?.

Aylwart hihte thilke abbot; As me wolde him nymen up, Ant leggen in a throh of ston, He founden him both fleys ant bon Al so hoi, ant al so sound, Ase he was leyd furst in ground.

Chron. Engl. Ritson's E.M.R. ii. 301. A.S. thruh, thurh, thurruc, sarcophagus, a grave, a coffin.

Isl. thro, id. Sidann var hogguin ny stein thro, oc lagdr i likami Ynguars ; Postea novus loculus saxeus factus est, cui inditum est corpus mortui Ynguars, S. " Syne was hewn a new stane-thruch, and Ynguars licame was laid in it." Ynguars Sag. p. 45. Ihre, vo. Trog. See Sup.

Silfrihro, a silver chest in which the reliques of Martyrs were kept; Verel. In an old Alem. Gloss, quoted by Wachter, a sarcophagus is denominated steininer druho, which approaches nearly to our thruch-stane. Wachter derives it from Germ, trieg-en, to cover for the purpose of

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preserving. He expl. truhe, receptaculum clausum, sive area sit, sive loculus.

L.B. truc-a denotes a coffin. Sepulchrum—fabricavit; similiter Trucam etiam, in qua sepeliri debuit, cum

vestibus funeralibus ibidem impositis. Eberhard. A. 1296, ap. Du Cange. It has been supposed, but apparently without sufficient

ground, that our term has some affinity with A.S. thurh, through, and with dure, door. Ihre conjectures, thatthere has been an ancient Celtic or Scythic word, denoting any thing hollow or perforated; and that not only Su.G. trog, a trough, but A.S. thruh, sarcophagus, is allied to it.

The word thruch may have been originally used to sig­nify a grave or coffin promiscuously; especially as in former ages, in this country, a grave was properly composed of four stones set on end. The cover, laid on these, seems to have been called the thruch-stane. Perhaps the form of a grave, or of such a coffin, gave rise to the name ; from its resemblance to a trough. The hold of a ship may in like manner have been denominated a thurrok, from its hollow form. This term is used by Chaucer.

To T H R U M , v. n. To pur as a cat. *?. T H R U M M E R , s. A contemptible musician; an itine­rant minstrel; from E. v. to Thrum. *?.

THRUMMY-TAIL'D, adj. A contemptuous epithet applied to women who wear fringed gowns. *?.

To T H R U M P , v.a. To press, as in a crowd; to push. S. T H R U M P , S. The act oppressing or pushing thus. *?. T H R U N L A N D , part. pr. " Rolling; tumbling about;

q. trundling." Gl. Sibb. Thair wes not ane of thame that day Wald do ane utheris biddin. Thairby lay thre and threttie sum Thrunland in a midding Off draf. Peblis to the Play, st. 14.

A.S. tiyndyled, orbiculatus. T H R U N T E R , s. A ewe in her fourth year. *?. To T H R U S , THRU S C H , V. n. 1. To fall, or come down, with a rushing or crashing noise.

Adam Wallace, the ayr off Ricardtoun, Straik ane Bewmound, a squier of renoun, On the pyssan, with his hand burnyst bar, The thrusande blaid his halss in sonder schar.

Wallace, iii. 190. MS. Hand should perhaps be brand.

2. To cleave with a crashing noise, used activelj. Awkwart the bak than Wallace can him ta, With his gud suerd that was off burnyst steill; His body in twa it thruschyt euirilkdeill,

Wallace, xi. 252. MS. This is merely an oblique sense. In Gl. Perth Edit, it

is rendered burnished. The Editor has been probably misled by the boldness of some former Editor, who has inserted this word in the text.

The birnisht blade his halse in sunder share. Isl. thrush-a, strepere ; G. Andr. p. 268. There seems

to be no reason to doubt that this is radically the same with Moes.G. drius-an, cadere; draus-jan, ex alto deorsum praecipitare : whence draus, a fall, ruin ; Teut, druysch-en, strepere, impetere, stridere, fremere ; and druysch, impetus, strepitus. Junius has observed, that Belg. ge-druysch sig­nifies a great noise, or more properly, a prodigious crash of any great mass suddenly broken and falling ; Immanis fragor magnae alicujus molis ex improviso disruptae ac procidentis. Gl. Goth. The Goth, word, however varied in different dialects, has primarily signified the act of rushing or falling, and hence been secondarily used to de­note the noise produced by a fall or disruption. Ihre views Moes.G. drius-a as having the same origin with Su.G, rus-a, to rush; dbeing prefixed.

T H U T H U THBfUSCHIT, part. pa. Thrust; forcibly pressed. *?. T H R U S H , T H R U S H - B U S H , S. The rush; Loth, thrash.

Lately in the Borders Where there was nought but theift and murders, Rapine, cheating, and resetting, Slight of hand fortuns getting, Their designation as ye ken Was all along, the taking men. Now rebels prevails more with words Then Drawgoons does with guns and swords, So that their bare preaching now Makes the thrusli-bush keep the cow, Better than Scots or English kings Could do by kilting them with strings.

Cleland's Poems, p. 30. T H U A , adj. T w o ; Aberd. Reg. S. T H U D , s. 1. The forcible impression made by a tem­pestuous wind; as including the idea of the loud, but intermitting, noise caused by it, S.

Small birdis flokand throw thik ronnys thrang In chirmynge, and with cheping changit thare sang, Sekand hidlis and hirnys thame to hyde Fra ferefull thuddis of the tempestuus tyde.

Tyde, i. e. season. Doug. Virgil, 201, 22, About the trie ruts thir twa ran ; Yit all in vaine, na thing thay wan, Bot did thole mony thud:

For cauld thay wer discomfeist clene, The schowrs wer sa seueir.

BureVs Pilgr, Watson's Coll. ii. 22. Thus it is commonly said, The wind comes in thuds,

when it comes in gusts ; and especially when it strikes on , any body that conveys the sound, as a door, &c. S.

It sometimes implies the idea of that velocity of motion which distinguishes a stormy wind.

Before thame all furth boltis with ane bend Nisus ane for way, stert mare spedely Than thud of weddir, or thundir in the sky.

Quanto turbine, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 138, 21. 2. Impetus, resembling that of a tempestuous wind.

Beleif me as expert, how stout and wicht He is outhir in battall place or feild, And how sternlie he raises vp his scheild, Or with how grete thud in the melle Ane lance towartis his aduersaris thrawis he.

Quo turbine, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 371, 37. 3. Transferred to any loud noise, as that of thunder, cannons, &c. The noise of a fall. See Sup.

Neuir sa swiftlie quhidderand the stane flaw, Swakkit from the ingyne vnto the wall, Nor folderis dynt that causis touris fall, With sic ane rumyll come bratland on sa fast, Lyk the blak thud of awfull thunderis blast.

Doug. Virgil, 446, 50. Renew your roaring rage and eager ire, Inflam'd with fearful thundring thuds of fire,

Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 23. Hir voice sa rank, with reuthful reir againe, Most lyik the thundring thuds of canoun din, Affrayit me.— Maitland Poems, p. 246.

4. A stroke, causing a blunt and hollow sound ; as re­sembling that made by the wind, S. See Sup.

From Jupiter the wylde fyre down sche dang Furth of the cloudis, distrois thare schyppis all, Ouerquhelmit the sey with mony wyndy wall, Aiax peirsit gaspand and furth flamand smoke Sche with ane thud stikkit on ane scharpe rok,

V. R U T H E R . Doug. Virgil, 14, 29, Sometimes it merely signifies a blow with the fist, S.B.

559

Nor can she please him in his barlic mood; He cocks his hand, and gi's his wife a thud.

Morison's Poems, p. 151. 5. In a moral sense, the violent assaults of temptation,*?.

It is surprising that Rudd. should view this word as formed from the sound. W e have seen that Doug, uses it as giving the sense of Lat. turbo. Now, A.S. thoden conveys this very idea : " Turbo, noise, din, a whirlwind;" Somner. This must certainly be traced to Isl. thyt, thaut. ad thiot-a, cum sonitu transvolo; thyt-r, sonitus ; G. Andr, p. 266. Germ, dud-en, sonare, seems radically the same. Ir. dud, a noise in the ear.

To T H U D , V. n. I. To rush with a hollow sound, S. The blastis wyth thare bustuous soune,

Fra mont Edone in Trace cummys thuddand doun On the depe sey Egeane fast at hand, Chaissand the flude and wallis to athir land.

V. R U D D Y . Doug. Virgil, 422, 20. Quhais thundering, with wouderiBg, I hard up throw the air,

Throw cluds so he thuds so, And flew I wist not quhair.

Cherrie and Slae, st. 17. 2. To move with velocity ; a metaph. borrowed from the wind, S, " Scot, we also use it as a verb; as, He thudded away,

i. e. went away very swiftly;" Rudd. V. the s. To T H U D , V. a. 1. To beat; to strike, S.

" I'll thud you, i. e. I'll beat you;" Rudd. 2. To drive with impetuosity, S.

Boreas nae mair thuds Hail, snaw, and sleet, frae blacken'd clouds.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 418. To T H U D , v. a. To wheedle; to flatter. *?. T H U D , S. The act of wheedling or flattering. *?. THULMARD,THUMART,fi. A polecat. V . F O W M A R T . * ? . To T H U M B , v.a. To prepare any thing by applying the thumbs to it; a vulgar mode of making a thing clean, S.

Honest Jean brings forward, in a clap, The green-horn cutties rattling in her lap ; And frae them wyl'd the sleekest that was there, And thumb'd it round, and gave it to the Squire.

Ross's Helenore, p. 116. T H U M B , * s. From the number of proverbial phrases

in which the thumb is introduced, it appears to have been esteemed by our ancestors as the chief instru­ment of operation; as, Ye needna Fash your Thoum, that will be a vain attempt. That's aboon your Thoum, you will not be able to attain that. *?.

To P U T or C L A P the T H O U M O N any thing. To conceal it carefully ; as, Clap your Thoum on that. 8.

R U L E of T H O U M . To do a thing by Rule of Thoum, to do it nearly in the way of guess-work, or at hap-hazard. *?.

To L E A V E one T O W H I S T L E O N one's T H O U M . T O leave one in a state of complete disappointment. *?•

T H U M B I K I N S , s. pi. A n instrument of torture, ap­plied as a screw to the thumbs, S. See Sup. " A respectable gentleman in the town, a relation of the

celebrated Principal Carstairs, has in his possession the identical thumbikins, with which the Principal was severely tortured.—The story of the thumbikins is, that Carstairs asked, and obtained them in a present from his tormentors. ' I have heard, Principal,' said King William to him the first time he waited on his Majesty, ' that you were tor­tured with something they call thumbikins; Pray what sort of instrument of torture is it ?' 'I will shew it you,' replied Carstairs, 'the next time I have the honour to

T H U T H U wait on your Majesty.' The Principal was as good as his word. ' I raust try them,' said the King; ' I must put in m y thumbs here, — now, Principal, turn the screw.' —' O not so gently—another turn—another—Stop! stop ! no more—another turn, I'm afraid, would make me con­fess any thing." P. Greenock, Statist. Ace. v. 5S3.

This mode of torture was practised on the persecuted Presbyterians, during the reign of Charles II. Whether the merciful rulers of that period borrowed the fdea from the Spaniards, I cannot say. But it has been generally asserted, that part of the cargo of tbe Invincible Armada was a large assortment of thumbikins, which it was meant should be employed as powerful arguments for convincing the heretics.

T H U M B L E S . f i . pi. Round-leaved Bell-flowers. *?• T H U M B - L I C K I N G , s. A n ancient mode of confirm­

ing a bargain, S. " Another symbol was anciently used in proof that a

sale was perfected, which continues to this day in bargains of lesser importance among the lower rank of people, the parties licking and joining of thumbs: and decrees are yet extant in our records, prior to the institution of the col­lege of justice, sustaining sales upon summonses of thumb-licking, upon this medium, That the parties had licked thumbs at finishing the bargain." Erskine's Inst. B. iii. T.3.S.5. _ _ The same form is retained among the vulgar in the

Highlands; an imprecation against the defaulter being generally added to the symbol. See Sup.

There is evidently an allusion to this mode of entering into engagements, in the S. song,

There's m y thumb, I'll ne'er beguile thee. Ramsay's Works, ii. 263.

This custom, although it now appears ridiculous and childish, bears indubitable marks of great antiquity. W e learn from Tacitus, that it existed among the Iberians, a people who inhabited the country now called Georgia. His language seems also to apply to their neighbours the Armenians. " It was customary," he says, " with these kings, in eoncluding a peace, or striking an alliance, to join their right hands, and bind their thumbs together, and draw them hard with a running knot. Immediately when the blood had diffused itself to the extremities, it was let out by a slight prick, and mutually licked by the contracting parties. Their covenant was henceforth deemed sacred, as being ratified by each other's blood." V. Tacit. Ann. Lib. xii. Ane. Univ. Hist. ix. 516. Hence it has been supposed by some interpreters, that

Adonibezek might excuse his cruelty, in cutting off the thumbs of threescore kings, by pretending that he thus punished their treachery in breaking the covenant that had been confirmed by this symbol. V. Pol. Synops, in Jud. i. 7.

This custom might be introduced into our country by the Goths, as the Iberi appear to have been a Scythian nation. Ane. Univ. Hist. vi. 57. x. 138. That the Goths were not strangers to it, appears by the

definition which Ihre gives of Su.G. Topp. Formula digito micantium, et veteri more pollice pollici opposito, consensuin indicantium. Hence, it would seem Germ. doppe is used as an invitation to strike a bargain. Wach­ter thinks that it may be viewed as the imperat. of dupp-en, percutere. Ihre also mentions Fr. topp-er, convenire, oblatas conditiones acceptare. See Sup.

This custom is well known on the continent of India. I have not heard that it is used among the Hindoos; but am assured by a gentleman, who has long resided in that country, that he has often observed the Moors, when concluding a bargain, do it in the very same manner as the vulgar in Scotland, by licking their thumbs.

Something of a similar kind prevailed among the Romans. According to Pierius, the hand being stretched out, the thumb, bent downward, was held by them a sym­bol of the confirmation of peace. H e quotes Quintilian as his authority. Ait, Qui gestus in statuis pacificatorum esse solet, qui inclinato in humerum dextrum capite, brachio ab aure praetenso, mantim inflexopollice extendit. Hieroglyphic. Lib. xxxvi. Tit. Pacificatio; Fol. 260. V. also Plin. Hist. Nat. Lib. xxviii. c. 2.

Lat. pollic-eri, to promise, to engage, has been viewed as comp. of per and liceor, for pellic-eri ; as properly sig­nifying, to offer and promise a price for merchandise. But it is not improbable, that the v. had been formed from pollex, -ids, the thumb. This member being used among the Romans, in latter times, as a symbol of the ratification of peace, it may be conjectured, that, in an earlier period, they had some custom more analogous to that of the Ibe­rians, which gave rise to the term used to denote a pro­mise or engagement, although the original reason of the designation was afterwards lost.

I had hazarded this conjecture, before observing that Wachter throws out the same idea. Having derived Germ zusagen, to promise, from zu, copulative, and zagen, to say, because promises, according to ancient manners, were made by pledging the hand; he adds, Forte etiam Latinis a pressione pollicis dicitur Polliceri. Prolegom. Sect. v. vo. Zu. The shedding of blood, in entering into covenants, has,

in various modes, been practised among many nations. Lucian gives an account of the custom of the Scythians, the same people with the Goths, in this respect. " The happy chosen friends enter into a solemn oath and cove­nant, that they will live with, and, if occasion calls for, die for each other: and thus it is performed; each cuts > his finger, and drops the blood into a bowl; they then dip the points of their swords in the blood, and both drink together of it, after which nothing can dissolve the band;" Toxaris. V. also Herodot. Melpom. iv. 70. Brotier (in his Notes on Tacit, ubi sup.) refers to Herodot. Thai. iii. 8. in proof of the existence of a similar custom among the Arabs. H e seems disposed to trace these observances, among the heathen, to the very ancient and divinely in­stituted rite of confirming covenants by sacrifice. For he quotes Gen. xv. 3. and Ezek. xxxiv. 18. observing, that the Scripture exhibits a similar use of blood, although one more consistent with humanity. See Sup.

T H U M - S T E I L , s. A covering for the thumb. *?. T H U M M E R T , s. A n awkward-looking person. *?. T H U M P I N ' adj. Large; large and stout. *?. T H U M P E R , S. 1, A large individual of any species; as,

a thumper ofa trout. 2. A n y thing large. Of a gross falsehood, it is often said, " That is a thumper." S.

T F I U N D E R B O L T , s. The vulgar name for a stone hatchet found in the islands of Scotland. V . C E L T . * ? .

T H U N N E R , s. The vulgar pronunciation of thunder. *?. T H U N N E R - S P E A L , S. A thin board to which a string is

tied: when whirled round in the air it booms like thunder. $_

T H U N N E R I N , adj. A n epithet applied to drought. A thunnerin drouth, a strong drought, S.B. apparently expressing that which is viewed as the effect of fire in the air, or lightning.

TPIUORT, THUORTOUR. V. THORTOUR. THURCH.

Bot his hart, that wes stout and hey, Consaillyt hym allane to bid, And kepe thaim at the ford syd; And defend weill the wpcummyng; Sen he wes warnyst off arrayng,

T I C T Y D That he thar arowys thurch nocht dreid.

Barbour, vi. 124. M S . Hurt, Edit. Pink.; should, in former copies. Thurch may be viewed as a fi., signifying force. " Being

provided with sufficient armour, he did not dread the force of their arrows," or fear that they would penetrate it. Isl. thrug-a, invitum cogere, thrugan, force, violence; Su.G. trug-a, premere.

It may, however, signify might, as synon. with Thurst, q. v., but immediately allied to Isl. thor-a, audere.

THURST, s. For scho wes syne the best lady, And the fayrest, that men thurst se.

Barbour, xx. 107. M S . This seems to signify could, as allied to Su.G. troest-a,

valere, posse. Han troeste ey mera ther foerwaerfwa.

Chron. Rhythm, ap. Ihre. i. e. There he could accomplish no other thing. The v.

primarily signifies to dare. THURST, v. impers. Needed. Thurstn', needed not. *?. THUS-GATE, adv. In this manner.

The justyng thus-gate endyt is, And athyr part went bame wyth pris.

V. GAT. Wyntown, viii, 36. 1. T H W A Y N G , fi. A thong, S. whang.

A rone skyne tuk he thare-of syne And schayre a thwayng all at laysere.

A.S. thwang, Isl. thweing, id. Wyntown, viii. 32, 51, THWANKIN', part. adj. A term applied to clouds mixing together in thick and gloomy succession. *?.

XHWARTER-ILL. V. THORTER-ILL. To T H W R I C K E N , v. n. To choke from the influence of thick smouldering smoke. *?.

TYAL, s. Any thing used for tying; a latchet, S.B. Isl. tigill, ligula.

To TYAUVE, v. n. As one syllable pron. of Taave. 8. To TIA W E , v. a. To amble. *?. TIBBE,TiBBiE,TiB,fi. Corruptions of the name Isabel.*?. TIBBET, s. One length of twisted hair in a fishing line; a link. Syn. Snood. V. TIPPET. *?.

TYBER, s. Yet shal the riche remayns with one be overronen, And with the Rounde Table the rentes be reved. Thus shal a Tyler untrue tymber with tene.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 22. A.S. tyber signifies a sacrifice, an offering; and timbr-ian,

to build. But the connexion of these ideas is not obvious. The language is metaph., expressing the consequences of the death of King Arthur.

TIBRIC, TI B R I C K , s. A name given to the young of the Coalfish, Orkn. "These boats sometimes go to sea, for the purpose of

fishing cod, cooths, and tibrics, which are the small or young cooths.—The time of fishing the young cooths or tibricks begins about the middle of August." P. Westray, Statist. Ace. xvi. 261. Were it not that there are no Gael, words found in

Orkn., this might seem a corr. of Dowbreck, q. v, a name given to the sparling or smelt.

To T Y C E , V. n. T o move slowly and cautiously. *?. TI C H E L , T I C H I L (gutt.), s. 1. A number. 2. It also appears to denote any article kept secretly. *?.

TIC H E R , s. A small fiery pimple. V. T I C K E R . 8. To T I C H E R (gutt.), s. To laugh clandestinely. *?. To T 1 C H L E (gutt.), v.n. 1. T o join hands ; used in various games of children. 2. Applied to any thing

V O L . II. 561

that is attached to another, whether from design or by accident, *?.

TIGHT, pret. Tied. V. TIGHT. To TIGHT, v. a. To make close. *?. TICK, TICKER, S. 1. A dot of any kind. The tick above an I, the dot above the letter i, S. Teut. tick, punctus.

2. A very small spot on the skin, S.B. *?ee Sup.

Hence perhaps freckles are called fe?~nie-tickks,q. tickers, as resembling the dots on the herb called a fern. V. TEICHER.

T I C K , s. Upon tick. In a state of activity. *?. To TICK, v. n. T o click, as a watch, S. See Sup.

Belg. tikk-en, als een uurwerk, id. T I C K , S. Beat; as of a watch. *?. T I C K I N G , S. Clicking; the noise of a watch, *?. T I C K E T , s. A pat, a slight stroke with the hand, or

with any instrument, S. Sometimes a smart stroke.»?. Belg. tik, a pat, a touch; tikk-en, to pat, to touch

slightly; Moes.G. tek-an, to touch. To G E T one's T I C K E T S . 1. To be subjected to a scold­ing match. 2, To get a drubbing. *?.

To T I C K L E , * v. a. To puzzle ; to gravel. *?. T I C K L E R , * s. A n y thing puzzling. *?. T I C K L Y , adj. Puzzling; difficult. 8. T I C K L E S , s. pi. Spectacles. *?. TICKLE-TAILS, s. A game. V.NEEDLE-BE. ' *?. TID, s. I. Proper time; season, S. 2, The condition which any soil is in for the purpose of agriculture; as, " The grund's no in the tid." 8.—3. Metaph. ap­plied to the mind, as denoting humour, S. I'm just in the lid; I am in the proper humour of doing any thing, S.

What pleasure matrimony brings To counterbalance a' its stings. To pay for a' their plaids and gowns,—. To hide their fautsand keep their tid, And, whan they're ill, to ca' them gude.

R. Galloway's Poems, p. 11. It is also applied to brute animals.

To T I D , V. a. To time; to choose the proper season. The aitseed has been weill tiddit; The proper season for sowing oats has been taken, S. V. the s.

To T A K T H E T I D . T O be seized with a perverse or un­governable humour. *?.

Tak tent case Crummy tak her wonted tid, And ca' the laiglen's treasure on the ground.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 58. A.S. Su.G. tid, time, season. V. TXTE, adv.

T I D D I E , adj. 1. Cross in temper. 2. Applied to land oi such quality as renders it difficult to catch the pro­per season for ploughing it. *?

T I D - A N D - Q U I D . A term used by old farmers to denote a farm in a state of thriving rotation. *?

TID, T Y D , v. impers. Happened. Chauc.*&. E. betid.

Perauenture of Priamus wald ye spere H o w tid the chance, his fate gif ye list here.

Doug. Virgil, 56, 6 For ony trety may tyd, I tell the" the teynd, I will noghl turn myn entent, for all this warld brerd,

Gawan and Gol, iv. 7 A.S, tid-an, Su.G. tid-a, contingere. These verbs are undoubtedly formed from tid, tempus

as primarily denoting the time when any thing takes place T Y D Y , T Y D I E , adj. L Neat, synon. trig, S.

In this sense tidy is used in E. as in the passage whicl Johns, quotes from Gay's Pastorals.

4 B

T I F T I G

Whenever by yon barley-mow I pass, Before my eyes will trip the tidy lass.

2. Plump; fat, S. Fyue twinteris britnyt he, as was the gyis, And als mony swine, and tydy qwyis Wyth hydis blak— Doug. Virgil, 130, 35. Tydy ky lowis, velis by thaym rynnis.

Ibid. Prol. 402, 25. Lo, we se

Flokkis and herdis of oxin and of fee, Fat and tydy, rakand ouer all quhare. Ibid. 75, 5. A tydy bairn, a child that is plump and thriving, S.

3. Lucky; favourable. King Aeol, grant a tydie tirl, But boast the blasts that rudely whirl.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 201. 4. Pregnant; as applied to a cow. Also to a woman ; as, " A tidy bride," one who goes home to the bride­groom's house in a state of pregnancy. *?. The term, in sense 1, seems most analogous to Isl. tyd-r,

obsequens, applicabilis. The phrase en tyd kona is expl. by the Sw. synon. liuflig husfru, i. e. a pleasant housewife. Su.G. tidig, decorus, decens, conveniens. The second sense is perhaps immediately borrowed from

Teut. tydigh, in season, mature, ripe. Thus a young cow is denominated eene tydighe koe ; Kilian. To this corres­ponds Su.G. tidfoedd hiord, grex mature editus; and tidig frukt, fructus cito maturescens, which Ihre derives from tid, tempus. Teut. tydigh also signifies, tempestivus, which corresponds to the third sense.

T I D I L Y , adv. Neatly; trimly. TI D I N E S S , S. Neat­ness ; especially in the mode of dressing. *?.

T Y D W O L L , s. Wool ofa certain kind. *?. TIE, s. A trick; a deception. To T I E one's H A I R

W I T H O U T A W H A N G . T O deceive one; a cant phrase. *?. T E I N D - F R E E , adj. Exempted from payment of tithes. *?. To TIFF, T Y I F F , v.a. To reject any thing from the lips;

perhaps from E. Tiff, v. to be in a pet. *?. TIFT, s. Condition ; plight; humour, S. tid, synon. In

tift, in proper capacity for doing any thing. See Sup. " The soldiers owned that the country men behaved

themselves with the utmost bravery, and very few of them who engaged, escaped, being overpowered by numbers, and the King's horse being in good tift." Wodrow's Hist. ii. 140.

To sing or dance, I'm now in proper tift: M y birn, O Bess, has got an unco lift.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 84. Isl. tif-a, tyf-a, praeceps ire; G. Andr. p. 237, 238.

Hence it might be used to denote eagerness to engage in any business.

To T I F T , V. a. To put in order, S.B. The fidler tifted ilka string. Morison's Poems, p. 25.

TIFT, s. Used as expressive of tediousness ; at least of considerabl&duration. A lang tift, a long discourse, S. Isl. tef-ia, Su.G. toefw-a, to delay, morari, moram facere.

Hence tof, mora; lang tof, a long delay. TIFT, s. 1. The act of quarrelling, Loth, tiff, E. 2. It sometimes signifies the act of struggling in a wan­ton or dallying way, Loth, synon. with tousling.

3. Used to denote the action of the wind. See Sup. Four and twenty siller bells

Were a' tyed till his mane, And at ae tift of the norland wind, They tinkled ane by ane. Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 190.

Isl. tyft-a, to chastise; tyf-a, to run headlong. T I F T Y , adj. Quarrelsome; ill-natured. *?,

562

To T I F T , v. a. T o quaff. Well fed were they; nor wanted to propine Among their friends; but tifted canty wine.

Hamilton's Wallace, p. 39. Apparently allied to E. tiff, drink, or a draught.

T I F T E R , s. A quandary; a difficulty. *?. To TIG, v.n. 1. T o touch lightly ; to dally. Young

people are said to be tigging, when sporting with gentle touches, or patting each other. It properly applies to those of different sexes, S.

Fareweil with chestetie, Frae wenchis fall a chucking,

Thair follow things thre, To gar them gae a gucking;

Imbracing, tigging, plucking. V. T A R . Scott, Evergreen, i. 125, 126.

2. To give a slight stroke to another and then run away; a term used in a game of children. *?.

3. To trifle with; to treat in a scornful and contemp­tuous manner. See Sup. — " Complain, and tell him how the world handleth us,

and how our King's business goeth, that he may get up, and lend them a blow, who are tigging and playing with Christ and his spouse." Rutherford's Lett. P. iii. ep. 35. This may either be allied to Moes.G. tek-an, to touch,

Belg. tikk-en, to pat; or Isl. tey-a, teg-ia, teig-ia, lactare, allicere, as denoting the allurements employed in this way. Teyging, allectio, illecebra. V. T Y T E , S. Hence,

T I G - T O W , s. 1. The name given to the game of Tig in Ang. 2. To play at tig-tow, to pat backwards and for­wards ; to dally, S. It is sometimes used as a v. Formed perhaps from tig, and Su.G. toefw-a, morari;

as denoting procrastination in the way of dallying. T I G , s. 1. A twitch ; a tap; a slight stroke. 2. Sometimes

a rougher touch ; a stroke causing a wound. *?. 3. Tig. A game among children, in which one touches another, and runs off. H e who is touched becomes pursuer in his turn, till he can touch (tig) another, on w h o m his office devolves. The slight stroke given is called a tig; and the person who receives it and be­comes pursuer is also called Tig. *?.

T I G M E IF Y O U C A N . Another name for the game of Tig.S. To TIG, v. n. To take the bizz, applied to cattle. V. Bizz. TIG, T E Y G , S. A pet; a fit of sullen humour. To tak

the tig, to be pettish, S. dorts, synon. What tig then takes the fates that they can thole Thrawart to fix me i' this dreary hole ?

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 73. Perhaps from Su.G. tig-a, to be silent; as it is a usual

mark of the pettishness expressed by this term, that the person preserves a sullen taciturnity. Or, it may be allied to C.B. dig, ira, iracundia; Davies. Gael, taoigh, a fit of passion.

T I G G Y , adj. Petty, prone to pettishness, S. Dorty more properly expresses that ill humour which is mani­fested by giving a saucy answer.

To T I G - T A G , v.n. 1. To trifle; to be busy while doing nothing of importance. " The King came on Sunday last to Basing-house, with

purpose to break up Waller's quarters, and then to enter Kent; but, as we hear, Waller is recruited, from Kent, with horse and foot, and minds to stand to it. They may tig tag on this way this twelve-month." Baillie's Lett. i. 404. 2. To be tedious in making a bargain; to haggle. *?.

Probably from E. ticktack, a game at tables; q. moving backwards and forwards to little purpose,

T I G - T A G G I N , S. The act of haggling. *?.

T I L T I L JbTiGGLE-TAGGLE, v.n. Tohagglein making a bargain.*?. TIGER-TARRAN.fi. A waspish child. V. T I R R A N . *?. To T I G H E R , v.n. To titter, &c. Syn. Higher, q. v. *?. To T I G H E R , v. n. To ooze out; applied to blood and other liquids. V. T E I C H E R . S.

T I G H T , T I C H T , part. pa. and pret 1. Tied. The tasses were of topas, that were thereto tight.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 2. 2. Prepared ; girt for action.

Nou will I rekkin the renkis of the round tabill, That has traistly thame tight to governe that gait.

For ticht, id. V. TISCHE. Gawan and Gol. iii. 8. Qu. bound up, from A.S. tyg-an, to bind. And here

perhaps we see the true origin of E. tight, as signifying neat, generally traced to Teut. dicht, solidus. It seems merely, q. tied close, well knit. The term, however, as used in sense 2, may be immediately allied to Isl. ty-ia, armo, instruo; tu, anna, utensilia; tyad-r, armatus.

To T I G M A T E E Z E , v. a. T o pull one about. *?. To T I G - T O W , V. n. T o touch and go; to be off and on. *?. To T I G - T O W wi' a Lass. To seem inclined to marry her, yet to hang off. *?.

TYISDAY, s. Tuesday. V. T Y S D A Y . TYISHT.^re*. Enticed. V. TYSE. *?. TIKE, TYKE, T Y K , S. L A dog; a cur ; properly, one of a larger and common breed, as a mastiff, a shep­herd's dog, &c. S. A. Bor. See Sup.

—Thocht he dow not to leid a tyk. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 62.

2. A selfish, snarling fellow. He's a dour tyke. 8. Su.G. tik, Isl. tyk, a little bitch ; Alem. zoh, Germ, zucke,

id.; the t, in other languages, being softened into z in the German dialects.

TIKE-TYRIT, adj. Dog-weary, tired like a dog after coursing or running, S.

Quhan greits the wean, the nurse in vain, Thoch tyke-tyrit, tries to sleip.

Minstrelsy, Border, iii. 363. It is the same word, I suspect, that Rudd. writes tig-

tyre, rendering it, to vex or disquiet, vo. Tory; unless this be q. to tire with tigging, or childish sportiveness. The same idiom is found in Sw. troett som en hund, dog-

weary ; Seren. vo. Dog. T Y K E D , adj. Having the disposition of a degenerate dog, currish; from tike.

For all her waful cries and greeting, Her loving words and fair intreating, (These follows were too tyked)

To her they would make nae supplie, Nor yet let her remaining be Amang them, but twa days or three, Say to them, what she liked. Watson's Coll. i. 46.

T Y K E - H U N G R Y , S. Ravenous as a dog. *?. TYKE-TULYIE, S. Literally, a dog's quarrel; metaph. any coarse scolding-match. Syn. Collyshangie. *?.

T Y K E A N D T R Y K E , adv. Higgledy-piggledy, in an intermingled state, S.B. Su.G. tiock, densus; tryck-a, angustare, used to denote

a crowd of objects pressing one upon another; q. closely crowded or pressed together.

T Y K E N , TYKIN,*. 1. The case which holds the feathers of a bed or bolster; E. Tick, Ticking. 2. Tyken o'a bed, the bed itself. S.

T Y K E N , adj. Of or belonging to the cloth called Tick. 8. TIL, TILL, prep. 1. To, S. A. Bor.

Now God gyff grace that I may swa Tret it, and bryng it till endyng,

563

That I say nought bot suthfast thing. Barbour, i. 35. MS.

Titte is often used by R. Brunne for to. Ther were chanons of clergie, That knewe wele of Astronomie, To knowe the sternes ther wittes leid, & title Arthure oft tymes seid, That what thing that he was aboute, He suld spede withouten doute.

V. Tille, Gloss. R. Glouc. Moes.G. A.S. Isl. til, Su.G, till, id.

2. With, in addition to. The Empryce than, owre story sayis, Come in Ingland in tha dayis, In that land to ger be dwne. And to be mad Kyng hyr swne Henry, the qwhilk owre Kyng Dawy, And til hym Lordis rycht mony, Kend hyme nerrast ayre to be Than of all that reawte. Wyntown, vii. 6. 230.

3. From, improperly. Swa til Saynt Margret eftyre syne, As til Malcolme in ewyn lyne, All oure kyngis of Scotland Ware in-til successyowne discendand.

Wyntown, vi. 19, 139. TIL, T I L L , as a mark of the infinitive, instead of to. It

is more generally used by our old writers, before a vowel or the aspirate; although this rule is by no means strictly observed.

For ioy thay pingil than for till renew Thare bankettis with al obseruance dew.

Doug. Virgil, 210, 3. Mr. Macpherson has observed that it is used by Ulphilas,

as a prefix to the infinitive, Luk. vi. 7, " where Junius is quite at a loss for a meaning to it." Gl. Wynt. Ei bigeteina du til wrohjan ina ; Ut inveuirent unde accusarent eum. Du til is a redundant phraseology, resembling for till; du, as well as til, signifying to.

To T Y L D , v. a. To cover, S.B. The bodie of the cairt of evir bone, With crisolitis and mony precious stone Was all ouirfret, in dew proportioun,— Tyldit abone, and to the eirth adoun, In richest claith of gold of purpure broun.

Police of Honour, i. 34. A window is said to be tyldit, when it is covered in the

inside with a cloth or curtain, Ang. Isl. tialld-a, tentorium figere, aulaeum extendere ; G.

Andr. V. the s. T Y L D , S. Covert. Undre tyld, under covert.

Thus with trety ye cast yon trew undre tyld, And faynd his frendschip to fang, with fyne favour.

Gawan and Gol. ii. 4. A.S. tyld, geteld, Su.G. tiaell, Isl. tiald, Belg. telde, Germ.

zelt, C.B. tyk, a tent, an awning. Hence E. tilt, the cover­ing of a boat, any covering over head.

T Y L D , s. Tile. " He—send thame in Britane and othir realmes, to wyn

mettellis, querrellis, and to mak tyld." Bellend. Cron. B, vii. c. 2. Formandisque lateribus, Boeth.

To T Y L E , v. n. To tyle a Lodge, to shut the door of a Mason-lodge ; whence " Is the lodge tykd?" *?.

T I L E R , T Y L E R , S. A door-keeper ofa Mason-lodge. *?. T I L E - S T O N E , s. A n old term for a tile or brick. *?. TILFOIR, adv. Before; as, " A yeir tilfoir he died."*?. TILL, adv. While, during the time that.

Thai wald nocht fecht till that he wes Liand in till his seknes. Barbour, ix. 105. M S .

T I L T I M

This line is omitted in Edit. Pink. As quhill S. is used for till E„ till, vice versa, occurs in

the sense of while. The A.S. s. title signifies rest, as if it were synon. with

hwile, id. whence E. while, which is evidently from Isl. Su.G. hwil-a, quiescere. Thus, it would appear that the change of till for quhill is not accidental, or merely arbitrary.

To TILL, v. a. To entice. V. T E A L . TILL, s. A cold unproductive clay, S. See Sup.

" The soil of the upper grounds, in general, is a very strong heavy clay, lying upon a stratum of a dense argil­laceous substance, generally of a great depth ; which, under all its different appearances, is called till in this country." P. Dalserf, Lanarks. Statist. Ace. ii. 372. " The bottom is a very bad sort of clay, commonly

called by the farmers here mortar or till." P. Kilspindie, Perths. Statist. Ace. iv. 203.

TILLIE-CLAY, s. 1. Cold clay ; unproductive soil. 2. Used metaph. to express coldness of heart. *?•

TILLIE, T I L L Y , adj. Of or belonging to Till, s. S. TILL, conj. That; so that; to such a degree that, *?. T I L L - B A N D , fi. Pudding-stone, or primary Breccia.*?. To T I L L E R , v.n. A term applied to grasses when they give out a number of suckers from the same root. *?.

TIL L E R , S. The rising blade of growing corn shooting out several stems from one seed. *?.

TILLIE-LICK, s. A gibe; a cut. V. T U L L I E , *?. TILLIE-LICKIT, s. 1. A n unexpected stroke. 2. A n un­

expected misfortune. *?. T I L L I E S O U L , s. A place at some distance from a

gentleman's mansion-house, whither the servants and horses of his guests are sent, when he does not choose to entertain the former at his own expense. The person employed is often an old servant of the family, who is allowed to sell corn, hay, &c. for his own sustenance, and for the accommodation of visi­ters, Loth. See Sup. It does not appear that this is of Gael, origin. It may

perhaps have been formed, in allusion to soldiers getting dry billets, as they are called, i. e. money to pay for lodg­ing elsewhere, from Fr. tillet, a ticket, and sould, soldier's entertainment or pay.

T I L L I E - V A L L E Y , adv. A word used to express that any thing said was considered trifling or impertinent. *?.

T I L L I N G , s. " The birds are—plover pages, tillings, linnets, thrushes,

hill sparrows, &c." P. Reay, Caithn. Statist. Ace. vii. 574. This might seem the Sea-pie, Haematopus ostralegus,

Linn. (Norv. Held. In Iceland the male is called Tialld-ur, the female Tilldra ; Penn. Zool. p. 482.) But as sea-pies are mentioned before, it is probably an erratum for titting or teeting, the Titlark, Alauda pratensis.

T I L L Y - P A N , s. A skillet. *?. TILLIT, pret. v.

' Quhat suld a Scot do with sa fayr a knyff ?" " Sa said the Prest that last janglyt thi wyff. " That woman lang has tillit him so fayr, " Quhill that his child worthit to be thine ayr."

Wallace, vi. 149. M S . This is part of the dialogue between Wallace and an

Englishman, who, according to the story, was employed to provoke Wallace to some act that might seem to warrant an attack on him and his handful of friends at Lanark.

Tillit most probably signifies, coaxed, enticed; Isl. tael-ia, pellicere; thesame with Teal, q. v. Tillit is ab­surdly changed to called, Edit. 1648.

T I L L O W l E . s . L A cry addressed to hounds, urging 564

them on to the chase; corr. of the E. huntsman's cheer of Tallihoo. 2, Used of one who has dealt too freely with intoxicating liquor; as, " H e has gotten his til-lowie," he has got as much as urges him on. *?.

T I L T , s. Account, tidings of, S.B. See Sup. Great search was made for her baith far and near, But tilt nor trial of her cud we hear.

Ross's Helenore, p. 126. If not an errat. for tint, (V. T A I N T ;) apparently formed

from A.S. telAan, to tell, or Isl. til-ia, narrare; like tilth, tillage, from til-ian, to till.

T I L T up, pret. Snatched. Perhaps errat. for Tytt. *?, T I L T H , s. Plight; condition, good or bad, like Tift. *?.

TYMBER, TYMMER, TYMBRELL, TYMBRILL, *. The crest of a helmet.

The creist or schynand tymber, that was set Aboue Eneas helrae and top on hicht, Kest lemand flambis with ane glitterand lycht.

Doug. Virgil, 324, 45. T w a noweltyis that day thay saw, That forouth in Scotland had bene nane. Tymmeris for helmys war the tane, That thaim thoucht thane off gret bewte.

Barbour, xix. 396. MS. The portratour of armes was misknaw, All war but Grekis tymbrillis that thay saw.

Doug. Virgil, 52, 46. Fr. timbre, " a crest upon an helmet, corresponding to

the crest of the bearer's coat of arms;" Pink. Bullet derives the Fr. word from Arm. tymbr, a mark; L.B. timbr-um, tymbr-is. See Sup. D u Cange observes, that Fr. tymbre anciently signified the helmet itself.

T Y M B R I T , part. pa. Crested. His souir scheild assayis he also, And eik his tymbrit helme with crestis two.

Doug. Virgil, 409, 32. TIMBER M A R E . The Wooden Horse, E., a barbarous mode of punishment formerly used in the army. *?.

T Y M B R E L L , s. A small whale; perhaps a porpoise.*?, TIME, s. The act of once harrowing a field. *?. T Y M E , s. The herb thyme. ' *?. TIME-ABOUT, adv. Alternately, S. Sir J. Sinclair's

Observ. p. 50. It is used in tbe vulgar Prov. Time-about 'sfair play. See Sup. " That—divers of his friends should come in competent

number, time about, and attend him upon their own ex-pences." Spalding's Troubles,!. 102.

T I M E O U S , adj. Timely ; as, Timeous hours. S. T I M E O U S L Y , adv. In due time. 8. T Y M E - T A K E R , s. One who lies in wait for an oppor­

tunity to effect his purpose; used in a bad sense. *?. T I M M E R , fi. 1. Timber; wood, S. V. sense 2. Sw.

limmer, id. 2. A certain quantity of skins, denominated from the mode in which they are packed. See Sup. " Ane Timmer of skinnes : That is, swa monie as is in-

clused within twa broddes of Timmer, quhilk commounlie conteinis fourtieskinnes: In the quhilk manner,merchandes vsis to bring hame martrick, sable and vther coastlie skinnes and furringes." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Timbria.

T I M M E R , adj. O f or belonging to wood. S. T I M M E R T U N E D , adj. Having a harsh voice, one that is

by no means musical, S. from timmer, timber, q. hav­ing as little music as a piece of wood. Wanting a musical ear.

To T I M M E R , v. a. To chastise; to beat with a stick.*?. T I M M E R I N , s. A beating with a stick. *?.

T I N T I N To T I M M E R up, v. a. To do, strenuously and success­fully, any work that requires continued exertion. 8.

TIMMER-BREEKS, s. pi. A cant term for a coffin, *?. T Y M M E R - M A N , s. A carpenter; a dealer in wood. S. TIMMER W E C H T . A sort of tambourine. ' *?. TIMMING, T E M M I N G , S. A kind of woollen cloth re­sembling what is called durant, but very coarse and thin, S. " Timming, camblet for womens gowns, when in colours,

are respectively sold at 3s. and 2s. lOd. the yard." P. Barrie, Forfars. Statist. Ace. iv. 242. This seems to be the same with Taminy, Johns. Tammie,

Pennant. See Sup. " There is no inconsiderable manufacture, at Durham,

of shalloons, tammies, stripes and callimancoes." Tour in S. 1769, p. 36.

TIMOURSUM, TIMERSOME, adj. Timorous. *?. TIMPAN, T Y M P A N Y , T Y M P A N Y - G A V E L , S. The middle part of the front of a house, raised above the level of the rest of the wall, resembling a gable, for carrying up a vent, and giving an attic apartment in the roof. *?.

TYMPANY-WINDOW, S. A window in the Tympan. 8. TYMPANE, s. The instrument called a sistrum by Virg.; from Lat. tympan-um.

The routis did assembill to fecht bedene, With tympane sound, in gyse of hir cuntre,

Doug Virgil, 268, 53. TIMTY.s. A mode of labouring the ground in the island of Lewis, in which the soil is turned upside down and covered with sea-ware. In S. this is called trenching. S.

TIN, s. Loss. Tristrem and Ganhardin, Treuthe plighten thay,

In wining, and in tin, Tre we to ben ay. Sir Tristrem, p. 173.

i. e. Gaining or losing. V. TINE, V. TIN,«. A jug made of tinned iron. *?. TINNIE, s. A small jug of this kind for children. *?. TLNCHILL, T I N C H E L , S. 1. A circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding a great space, and gradually con­tracting the circle, brought immense quantities of deer together. 2. A snare; a gin or trap. »?. " After this, there followed nothing but slaughter in

this realm, every party ilk one lying in wait for another, as they had been setting tinckills for the slaughter of wild beasts." Pitscottie, p. 22. Perhaps originally an improper use of Fr. etincelk, a

spark, as applied to the blazes, made in the night season, in the black fishing, and transferred to hunting.

*ToTYND,v.ra. T o kindle. T Y N D , S . A spark. V . T E I N D . T Y N D , S. 1. The tooth ofa harrow, S. tine, E. See 8.

From Isl. tindr, Su.G. tinne, id.; harftinnar, the teeth of a harrow. 2. Used to denote the act of harrowing. A double tynd, or teind, is harrowing the same piece of ground twice at the same yoking, S.B. q. bringing it twice under the teeth of the harrow. 3. Tyndis, pi. " The horns of a hart, properly the tines of the horns;" Rudd.

This hart of body was bayth grete and square, With large hede and tyndis birnist fare.

Doug. Virgil, 224, 22. This is from the same origin. For Su.G. tinne signifies

any thing sharp like a tooth; hence used to denote the nicbed battlements of walls, pinnae murorum.

T I N D E , s. On tinde, in a collected state. 565

He tight the mawe on tinde, And eke the gargiloun. Sir Tristrem, p. 32, st. 46.

^ i. e. H e tied its parts together, in the way of collecting the grease of the deer, and all its appurtenances. Isl. lin-a, colligere, tynt, collectum ; Verel.

T I N D L I N G , s. Meaning doubtful. *?, To T I N E , T Y N E , v.a. 1. T o lose; tynt, pret. and part. pa.

Thus Wallace wist: Had he beyne left allayne, And he war falss, to enemyss he wald ga; Gyff he war trew, the Sothroun wald him sla. Mycht he do ocht bot tyne him as it was ?

Wallace, v. 121. M S . He left the toune, and held his way; And syne wes put to sik assay, Throw the power off that cite, That his lyff and his land tynt he.

Barbour, iii. 248. M S . It occurs in the same sense in O.E.

That can I repreue, And preuen it by Peter, and by Paule bothe, That ben baptised be saued, be he ryche or pore, That is in extremis, quod Scripture, among Saracens

& Jewes; They m o w be sauyd so, and that is our beleue, That an vnchristen in that case may christenan heathen, And for his lely beleue, whan he the lyfe tyneth, Haue the heritage of heauen, as ani man christen.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 50, b. Lely beleue, i. e. true faith, leal belief, S.

2. T o forfeit; used as a forensic term. — " And gif he slayis, he sail die thairfoir, and tyne all

his gudis as escheit to the King." Acts, Ja. I. 1426, c. 108. Edit. 1566. " And at the thrid tyme gif he be conuict of sic trespas

he sail tyne his lyfe or than by it. — And gif ony dois the contrare he sail tyne ane hundreth, S, for the vnlaw befoir the Justice." Ibid. 1424, c. 12. 3. T o lose a cause in a court of justice ; to receive a decision contrary to one's claim. *?.

4. T o kill or destroy. 5, To Tyne Heart, to lose cou­rage or spirit, or inclination to any business, *?.

6. To Tyne the heartis of others, to lose their affections.*?. In-to the innys lang or day, Quhare that the Erie of Athole lay, A fell fyre hym to colys brynt. Thus suddanly was that lord thare tynt, And wyth hym mony ma. Wyntown, vii. 9. 506.

" And seeing hee only is terrible, because he is onely Lord of body and soule, onely hee hath power to saue and tyne ; And seeing it is so, let vs feare and retyre our selfis to him, who is able to preserue & keep baith body and soule." Bruce's Eleven Serm. 1591. Sign. R. 4, a.

He seems to refer to James iv. 12. " There is one law­giver, who is able to save, and to destroy." " Leese and delyuere;" Wiclif, ibid. 7. To tyne the saddle, to lose all; a proverbial phrase, S.

" You must not look to expenses, when presently we are either to win the horse or tyne the saddle." Baillie's Lett. i. 397.

This term has no affinity to any A.S. v. Isl. tyn-ast, perdere, eg tyne, perdo, tynde, perdidi. The same Isl. v. signifies, to separate chaff from grain. Legumina purgare, ab aliis rejectaneis separare; G. Andr. This may have been its primary sense. The chaff being thrown away or lost, the term may have been at length used to denote the loss of any thing in what way soever. Sw. tyn-a, tyn-a af, aftyn-a, to languish, to dwindle away. This sense corres­ponds to the neut. signification of the Isl. v., perdi, interire.

T Y N T I P Hence Hon, jactura, perditio; Verel. To this corresponds Tin, s. q. v.

T I N E M A N , S. A n appellation given to one of the Lords of Douglas whose christian name was Archibald. Lord Hailes, after Fordun, says that this was that Archi­

bald who was killed at Halidon. He was the first of this name. Godscroft ascribes this designation to Archibald the third of the name, who was Duke of Turrane in France. He also assigns a far more satisfying reason for the appel­lation, than that adopted by Lord Hailes, who says; " He was commonly called Tineman, implying, as may be con­jectured, tiny or slender little man." Ann. ii. 260.

According to Godscroft, " this Archbald is hee who was called Tineman, for his unfortunate and hard successe he had, in that he tint (or lost) almost all his men, and all the battels that he fought. This nick-name, or cognomi-nation, the old manuscript (of Sir Richard Metellan of Lithington) giveth to Archbald slain at Halidoun hill, and calleth this, Archbald one eye, for distinction, because of the losse of his eye in a battell against Percie. But that surname of Tyneman cannot bee given so conve­niently to the former Archbald who lost only one field, and himself in it; whereas this man ever lost his men, himself escaping often." Hist. H. Douglas, p. 115.

Besides its being a mere conjecture that he was a little man, the word tiny, I suspect, was never so much in use in S. as to be the foundation ofa nick-name.

The historical fact cannot perhaps be easily determined; and it is not of great importance. But the first Archibald might be thus denominated, although he lost but one battle, because it was a very fatal one to the Scots ; and especially as Douglas seems to have been blamed by the bulk of his countrymen afterwards, for engaging with Edw. III. in the circumstances in which his array was placed. Hence Lesley; Intellexisset Archibaldum Douglasium gubernatorem, furore quodam, tanquam Erenni, percitum, praelio ad Halidonum monticulum eommisso, miiitibus fusis fugatisque, cecidisse, &c. Hist. Lib. vii. p. 238.

T Y N A R , T I N E R , S. 1. A loser in a general sense. 2. One

who loses his cause, or is cast, in a court of law. *?. " It is statute and ordanit, that gif ony persoun persewis

ane vther within burgh, that the tynar of the cause, pay the winnaris expensis." Acts, Ja. V. 1540, c. 91. Edit. 1566. Tiner, Skene's Edit.

To T I N E , V. n. To be lost; to perish in whatever way. *?. T I N E H E A R T , T Y N E a'. A phrase urging the necessity of

not suffering the spirits to sink under difficulties. *?. T Y N I N G , S. The act of losing. The state of being lost. *?.

Between the T Y N I N G and the W I N N I N G . 1. Applied to

any circumstance, the issue of which turns on a very narrow hinge, 2. In a moral sense, — in that inter­mediate state in which a person may be either lost, or, by proper means, he saved from ruin. *?.

T Y N S A I L L , T I N S A L L , T Y N S E L , S. I, Loss, in whatever

sense, S.B. For oftsyss throw a word may ryss Discomford, and tynsaill with all. And throu a word, als weill may fall, Comford may ryss, and hardyment May ger men do thair entent. Barbour, xi. 488. M S . A wykyd word may wmqwhil mak Full gret tynsel, as it dyd here. Wyntown, viii. 30. 83.

It is retained in the Buchan Dialect. V. ALLPUIST. It occurs in a very useful S. Prov. " H e that's far from

his geer, is near his tinsel."—" A man may soon be wrong'd when his back is turn'd." Kelly, pp. 132, 133.

It is used by R. Brunne. Lost he had his men ilk one. Conseile couth he tak at none,

566

H o w he myght his brother help. Of tynselk myht he mak his gelp,

V. Gl. R. Glouc. vo. Boshes. 2. Forfeiture ; used as a forensic term.

" That na man haue out of the realme gold nor siluer, bot he pay XL.d. of ilk pund of custume to the king, vnder the pane of tinsall of all gold and siluer that beis fundin with him, and. x .pund to the King for the vnlaw." Acts, Ja. I. 1424, c. 16. Edit. 1566.

To T I N S A L L , T I N S E L L , V.a. To injure; synon. with

skaith; formed from the s. " Gif he does otherwise, the partie that is essonyied will

be tinsalled." Baron Courts, c. 40, s. 2. " And gif sic essonyie without borgh, be made against

the soyte of the partie mutand in court, he that swa is es­sonyied may be tinselled and skaithed." Ibid. c. 54, s. 3.

TIN-EGIN, s. Forced fire. V. N E I D - F Y R E . *?. To T I N G , v.a. To ring.

In ane dreme she fel, And by aperaunce herde quhere she did lie Cupide the King tingand a silvir bel, Quhich men micht here fro hevin into hel.

Henrysone's Test. Creseide, Chron. S.P. i. 161. Hence ting-tang, a reduplicative term used among chil­

dren, to denote the sound made by a bell. Teut. tinghe-tangh-en, tintinnare.

To T I N K , v. a. T o rivet, including the idea of the noise made in the operation of riveting; a Gipsy word, *?.

To T I N K L E on, v. n. To trifle about. " If that man now go to tinkle on bishops, and delin­

quents, and such foolish toys, it seems he is mad." Baillie's Lett. ii. 208.

T I N K L E - S W E E T I E , s. A cant name once current in Edinburgh for the bell rung at eight o'clock, P.M., when the shops were shut and the apprentices and shopmen at liberty. Also, Tke aught-hours bell. *?.

T I N K L E R ' S T I P P E N C E . Useless cash ; money to be spent, as a tinker wastes his, in the change-house. *?.

T I N N E L , s. Watermark ; sea-mark. *?. TINT N O R TRIAL. V. TAINT. TYNT, TINT, pret. and part. pa. Lost. V, TINE, TYNE,». TINTOE. s. The pin used in turning the cloth-beam of

a loom. *?. TIP, s. A ram. *?, To TIP, v. n. To take the ram.

" Tip when you will, you shall lamb with the leave;" [1. lave, i. e, rest.] S. Prov. Kelly, p. 306. V. LA M B , v. It is also used actively. " The lamb where it's tipped, and the ewe where she's

clipped ;" S. Prov., " a proverbial rule about tithes; signi­fying that the lamb shall pay tythes in tbe place where the ewe was when she took the ram, but the old sheep where they were shorn." Kelly, p. 307.

S. it is tup. Johns, expl. this v.. " to but like a ram." But in O.E. it had the same sense as in S. Hence Phillips renders it, to cover the ewe.

To TIP, v. a. This term is used to signify the effect of an expression, action, or event, which disappoints or nettles one. That tips him ; It silences or mortifies him, S. It seems to be merely a metaph. use of E. tip, as signi­

fying to strike slightly, To T I P P A N I Z E , v. n: To act the toper, properly in

drinking small beer, S. " Your tippanizing, scant o' grace,"

Quoth she, " gars me gang duddy;

T Y It T I R " Our nibour Pate sin break of day's " Been thumping at his studdy."

Ramsay's Poems, i. 277. " Scant o' grace," seems to be an appellation. V. T W O ­

PENNY.

To TIPPER, v.n. To walk on tiptoe, or in an unsteady way ; to totter; as, to tipper up a hill. 8.

To TIPPER-TAIPER, v. n. To totter. *?. TIPPERTY, adj. 1. Unstable. A n object is said to be tipperty, or to stand tipperty-like, when it is ready to fall, S.B.

2. To gang tipperty-like, to walk in a flighty ridiculous sort of way, S.B. 3. Applied to a young woman who walks very stiffly, precisely, or with a mincing gait. *?. Q. to walk on tip-toes; as allied to E. tip, top or end,

Su.G. Dan. tipp, Isl. typpe, cacumen. Or V. next word. TIPPERTIN, S. A bit of card with a small piece of stick passed through it; resembling a te-totum, Loth. Hence the phrase, to loup like a tippertin.

TIPPET, s. L One length of twisted hair or gut in a fishing-line; a link. 2. A handful of straw bound together at one end ; used in thatching. *?.

TIPPET,*fi. St. Johnstone's Tippet, a halter. V.RIBAND.*?. TIPPY, adj. Dressed in the highest fashion; modish. *?. TiPPY.fi. The ton ; the fashion. At the tap of tke tippy. 8. To TIPTOO, v. n. To be in a violent passion. *?, T Y R A N E , s. Tyrant, S.

" Succedit his son Lugtak ane odius and mischeuus tyrane." Bellend. Cron. B. v. c. 1. Fr. tyran. Hence,

TYBANE, adj. Tyrannical. Behald how God, ay sen the warld began, Hes maid of tyrane kingis instruments, To scurge pepill, and to kill mony ane man, Quhilkis to his law wer inobedientis.

lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p, 119. T Y R A N D R Y , S. Tyranny.

Off tyrandry King Eduuard thocht him gud, Wallace, vii. 737. MS.

TYRANFULL, adj. Tyrannical. 8. TYRANLIE, adv. Tyrannically. V. U N R E S T .

TYRE, s, A hat off tyre, mentioned as part of the dress of Robert Bruce, at the battle of Bannockburn.

And on his bassinet he her Ane hat off tyre aboune ay quhar; And tharwpon, in to taknyng, Ane hey croune, that he wes king.

Barbour, xii. 22. M S , " This legat als presentit [to King William] ane bonat

of tyre, made in maner of diademe of purpoure hew, to signify that he was defendar of the faith." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 8. Galerum purpureum ; Boeth. A.S. tyr is rendered by Lye, tiara, cidaris; which is

either a sash about the cap or turban worn by eastern monarchs, or the cap itself. This seems formed from the Lat. designation. The term may, however, be allied to A.S. Tir,tyr, ori­

ginally one of the names of Odin, or of one of the sons of Odin; and in a secondary sense, any lord, prince, or gene­ral. It is also transferred from persons to things; so as to signify glory, power, dominion. Torhte tire, illustrious in dominion.

T Y R E M E N T , s. Interment. Now Pallas corpis is tyl Euander sent, Wyth al honour accordyng hys tyrement.

Doug. Virgil, 361, 45. The marginal note, p. 362, determines the sense, " A

lang narration contenyng the honour of Pallas funeral It is merely an abbrev. of this term.

567

TIRL, s. A substitute for the trundle ofa mill, Shetl. " A round piece of wood, about 4 feet in length, and

fitted with 12 small boards, in the same manner as the extremity of the exterior wheel of an ordinary mill, with a strong iron spindle fixed to its upper end, supplies the place of a wheel in these mills. The iron spindle, passing through the under millstone, is fixed in the upper. A pivot in the under end of the tirl (the piece of wood above mentioned) runs in a hollowed iron plate.—The tirl occu­pies the same situation under this mill, as the trundles in the inner part of an ordinary mill; and it performs the same office. The diameter of the tirl is always equal to

f that of the millstone." P. Unst, Shetl. Statist. Ace. v. 195. This is undoubtedly allied to Su.G. trill-a, rotari, to

trundle, Dan. trilld-er. TIRL, T I R L E , fi. 1. A smart tap or stroke, S. either

as allied to the v. T I R L E , or denominated from its producing a thrilling sensation. V. D I R L E ,

2. A touch, in the way of intermeddling with any thing. Her nain-sell shook her naked breeches, For she was tyred with his speeches; She would far rather had a tirrk Of an Aquavitae barrel. Cleland's Poems, p. 32.

A dance. The young swankies on the green,

Took round a merry tirk. Ramsay's Poems, i. 262. 4. A gentle breeze, S. synon. apirr of wind.

King Aeol, grant a tydie tirl, But boast the blasts that loudly whirl.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 201. To TIRL, T I R L E , v. a. 1. To uncover; as, to tirl a

house, Gl. Shirr. Aberd. *?ee Sup. It seems properly to include the idea of velocity of

motion, as having been originally used to denote the effect of the wind.

Whyles on the strong-wing'd tempest flyin, Tirlinq the kirks. Burns, iii. 71.

3,

Mr. Chalmers is therefore mistaken when he mentions it as one of Sibbald's egregious interpolations, "that he gives tirl for tirr." Works, Sir D. Lyndsay, iii. 215. 2. Topluckofflightlyandexpeditiously; applied to dress.

And syne this fule thay thankit of al, That caused sik concord amang them fal. And off his coate thay tirlit be the croun, And on him kest ane syde darkly goun.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i> 36. This is classed by Sibb., as if it were the same with

Tirr, or a dimin. from it. But perhaps it is from a com­mon fountain with E. twirl; Isl. thyrVa, turbine versari subito, G. Andr. This indeed expresses the sense in which the term is still frequently used, as denoting the effect of an impetuous wind. 3. To strip, applied to property, S.

Nane gathers gear withouten care ;— Suppose then they should tirk ye bare

And gar ye fike; E'en learn to thole. Ramsay's Poems, i. 300.

T I R L I N G O F T H E M O S S . The act of paring off the super­ficial part of the soil which lies above the peats. *?.

7b TIRL, v.a. To trill. & To T I R L at the pin. To twirl the handle of the latch. *b. To TIRL, v. n. To change ; to veer about; applied to tbe wind. *'

TIRLIE, s. Applied to a winding in a footpath. A. To T I R L E , v. n. To touch the chords of an instrument,

so as to produce tremulous vibrations of sound. Courage to give, was mightily then blown

T I R T I R

Saint Johnston's Huntsup, since most famous known By all musicians, when they sweetly sing With heavenly voice, and well concording string. O how they bend their backs and fingers tirk.

Muse's Threnodie, p. 133. Evidently the same as E. trill, which Johns, derives

from Ital. trillo, a quaver. But this, 1 apprehend, is it­self derived from Su.G. drill-a, vocera inter canendum crispare; trall-a, cantillare.

It seems used in a similar sense in the S. poem, Sweet William's Ghost, Ramsay's Tea Table Miscellany.

There came a ghost to Margaret's door, With many a grievous groan, And ay he tirkd at the pin.

i. e. caused a tremulous motion. T I R L E S, s. pi. Some kind of disease.

The Teasick, the Tooth-aik, the Titts & the Tirles. V. F E Y K . Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. Hi. 14. Fr. tark signifies a wood worm; but there seems no

affinity. T 1 R L E S S , T I R L A S S , T I R L I E S , S. 1. A lattice, grate,

or rail. It is now generally applied to that used for defending a window, S. See8up. " At the back of the throne were two rooms on the two

sides. In the one, Duke de Vanden, Duke de Valler, and other French nobles, sat; in the other, the King, Queen, Princes, Mary, the Prince Elector, and some court ladies. The tirlies that made them to be secret, the King brake down with his own hands; so they sat in the eyes of all; but little more regarded than if they had been absent; for the Lords sat all covered." Baillie's Lett. i. 259. 2. A wicket; a small gate, S.B.

" That at or near the westmost pole,—there is a tirlass, at which a single person may enter; and he recollects no other opening on any part of said planted inclosures at the north." State, Fraser of Fraserfield, p. 194. Fr. treillis, " a grate set thick with cross bars of wood."

Cotgr. Teut. traelie. T I R L L E S T , part. adj. Having grates, latticed, trellised,

S. V. TERLYST.

TIRLESS-YETT, S. A turnstile. *?. TIRLY-TOY, s. A toy or trifle. Syn. Tirly-wirly. 8. TIRLYWIRLY, TIRLIEWIRLIE, S. 1. A whirligig, S.

See Sup. Tirly mirly, used as an appellative, Ever­green, ii. 20. seems originally the same.

2. A figure or ornament of any kind on stone, wood, stockings, S. See Sup. It is used to denote clocks in stockings, Red, blue, an' green, an' likewise pearl, I hae to fit the little girl; Wi' mony a bony tirly-wirl

About the queets. Forbes's Shop Bill, Journal, p. 13.

It would seem comp. of two synon. terms, Su.G. trill-a and hworl-a, rotare, q. something that is whirled.

TI R L I E - W I R L I E , adj. Intricate; or as conjoining the

ideas of intricacy and trivial ornament. *?. T I R M A , s. The sea-pie, a bird; hoematopus ostra-legus, Linn. " The Tirma, or Sea-Pie, by the inhabitants called

Trilichan, comes in May, goes away in August." Mar­tin's St. Kilda, p. 35.

To TIRR, T I R U E , v.a. 1. To tear.

Or in quhat land lyis thou manglit and schent, Thy fare body and membris tyrryt and rent.

Doug. Virgil, 294, 27, It may be viewed as synon. with rent, lacerum being the

only term used by Virg. 568

Aut quae nunc artus avolsaque membra, Et funus lacerum tellus habet ? Mn. ix. 491.

There is a possibility, however, that Doug, alludes to the preceding complaint of the mother of Euryalus, that she was not at hand to dress his dead body.

Veste tegens. Rudd. and Sibb. derive it from Fr. tir-er, to draw. But if the sense given above be just, (and it receives

confirmation from another passage to be quoted just now,) it directs us to A.S. tyr-an, tyrw-cm, to tear, as the origin of our tirr. 2. To uncover in a forcible way, S. q. to tear off.

Vnto him syne Eneas geuin has, That by his vertw wan the secund place, Ane habirgeoun of birnist mailyeis bricht,— Quhilk he sum time, with his Strang handis two, Tiruit and rent of bald Demoleo.

Doug. Virgil, 136, 22. Thir venerable virgins, whom the warld call witches, In the time of their triumph, tirr'd me the tade.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 17. " Scot, to tir one to the skin, i. e. strip him naked;" Rudd. Both these examples evidently suggest the idea of force.

Hence, a house is often said to be tirred by a strong wind. " They tirred skipper Walker out of his cloaths, and

clad him in rags." Spalding's Troubles, ii. 170. 3. To unroof, S. See Sup.

" He tirred the haill toofalls of the office-houses,—and carried roof and slates away, wherewith he roofed a long school." Spalding, ut. sup. p. 26. " To tir a house, to take of the slates, tiles, &c. of a

house;" Rudd. 4. Metaph. to strip one of his property, S.

The term is used in a very emphatic S. Prov. applied to a selfish greedy person : " He caresna quha be tirr'd, gin he be theikit."

Sae Fortune, tirr me steek by steek, And hair by hair. Morison's Poems, p. 99.

5. To pare off the sward by means of a spade. Per­sons are said to tirr the ground, before casting peats ; as they first clear off the surface that covers the moss. To tirr and burn, to cast turfs on bad ground, and burn them that their ashes may serve for manure, S. " Terrnave.—The name is evidently a corruption of

Terrae navis ; but whether given it by the Romans, or since they left the country, is uncertain. To this place a superstitious regard is attached by the vulgar. Tradition asserts, that some time ago a man attempting to cast divots (turfs) on the side of it, no sooner opened the ground with the spade, than the form of an old man, supposed to have been the' spirit of the mountain, made its appearance from the opening, and with an angry coun­tenance and tone of voice, asked the countryman why he was tirring (uncovering) his house oyer his head ? On saying this, the apparition instantly disappeared.—None has since ventured to disturb the repose of the imaginary spirit." P. Dunning, Perths. Statist. Ace. xix. 442.

The term is also used with respect to quarries. " These quarries require very little tirring. In some

places the rock has no covering of earth." P. St. Andrews, Fife, Statist. Ace. xiii. 201. Ibid. xi. 483,

It is probable indeed, that this is the true origin of turf, a term that has puzzled etymologists. As tyrf is used in the same sense in A.S. it would appear to be derived from tyrw-an, to tear; the surface being thus rent from the soil. This etymon is not materially different from that of Seren., who derives Isl. torf, id. from what he designs antiquiss. Goth, torfa, effodere; according to Wachter, (vo, Torf,) the most ancient language of Iceland,

T Y S T Y T 6. To undress ; to pull off one's clothes. *?. To TIRR T H E K I R K TO T H E E K T H E QUIRE, To act

preposterously; to pull down with the one hand in order to rebuild with the other. *?.

To TIRR, v. n. To snarl; to speak ill-naturedly, S. Teut. tergh-en, irritare, lacessere, exacerbare; Mod. Sax.

terr-en, id. See Sup. TiRR, adj. Crabbed; quarrelsome; in bad humour, S.B. V. the v. See Sup.

T I R R A C K E , s. The Tarrock, a waterfowl. *?. T I R R A N , s. A tyrant; any person of a perverse humour, with w h o m it is hardly possible to live. *?.

TIRRIVEE.fi. A fit of passion; or the extravagant mode of displaying it, as by prancing, stamping, &c. S. This has much appearance of being of Fr. origin; per­

haps from tir-er, to draw; also, to dart forth; and vif, lively, as denoting the lively action of one animated by rage.

TIRWIRR, T I R W I R R I N G , adj. Growling ; a term ap­plied to one who is habitually chiding or quarrelling. As tinvirr as a cat, S. <?ee Sup. This might seem comp. of two synon. verbs, as more

forcibly expressing the habit referred to ; Teut. tergh-en, (V. Tirr, v.) and werr-en, to contend, or rather Isl. verr-a, to bark.

T I S C H E , T Y S C H E , T Y S C H E Y , T U S C H E , s. A girdle; a belt. Ane riche tysche or belt hynt he syne, The pendentis wrocht of byrnist gold maist fyne.

Doug. Virgil, 288, 52. And quhar hir pap was for the spere cut away, Of gold thairon was belt ane riche tischey.

Ibid. 28, 25. Holland and Dunbar use tusche in the same sense. Syne schyre schapin to schaw, mony schene scheild With tusheis of tuest silk ticht to the tre.

Houlate, ii. 8. M S . And of ane burde of silk, richt costlie grein, Hir tusche was, with silver weil besene.

V. BTJRDE. Maitland Poems, p. 70. Rudd. derives it from Fr. tissu, "a wide sort of ribbon,

a girth or fillet, or tissu, participle of tist-re, to weave." Ihre views our term as allied to Su.G. Jtaska, Alem. Isl. tasca, Belg. tassche, tessche, a bag or scrip ; observing, that S. tesche denotes such a girdle as the ancients used to fix their purses to. Hence Ital. tascha, marsupium, intasc-are, to hide.

T Y S D A Y , T Y I S D A Y , S. Tuesday, tbe name given to the third day of the week, S. See Sup. " Yit befoir the nixt day at 12 Hours (quhilk was Tyis­

day the 13th of Junii) the number passit thre thousand men, quhilk be Godis Providence came unto the Lordis." Knox's Hist. p. 141. This name has been generally derived from Tuisco, one

of the deities of the Saxons, to whom it has been supposed that this day was consecrated. In A.S. it is written Ti-wesdaeg, Dan. Tigzdag, Thysdag, Isl. Tijsdag. Arngrim views this as Tyrsdag-ur, softened into Tyss-

dagur; deriving the term from Tyr, one of the deities of the Goths, to whom great power over battle was ascribed. V. Bartholin, de Causis Contempt. Mort. pp. 350, 351. According to G. Andr. it is from Tyr, Mercury or Mars ; in the oblique cases, Ty. Wormius traces the name to Disa, or Thisa, the wife

of Thor; who was supposed to preside over justice. From her, he thinks, the third day of the week was in Dan. denominated Thysdag. In honour of this goddess, sacred rites were annually performed with great pomp and solemnity at Upsal in Sweden. These were called Tijsating.

V O L . II. 569

This learned writer having mentioned Tuisco, Lat. Teutas or Teutates, who was worshipped as a male divi­nity, observes that Tijs did not correspond to the Teutates, but to the Hesus, of Latin writers. He adds, that, accor­ding to Vossius, de Idolol. Lib. 2. c. 33. T was often prefixed to H. Monument. Dan. Lib. 1. c. 4. Fast. Dan Lib. 1. c. 15.

To T Y S E , T Y I S T , T Y S T , V. a. To entice ; to allure ; to stir up, S.B.

At hasard wald he derflie play at dyse; And to the taverne eith he was to tyse,

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 1 ]. Quhilk Fury quent, of kynd sa perrellus, Juno lyistis to myscheif, sayand thus.

Doug. Virgil, 217, 51. O.E. tyce. " Ityce one by fayre wordes to my purpose,"

Palsgraue. Rudd. derives tyist, as Skinner entice, from Fr. attis-er,

Ital. tizz-are, accendere, or A.S. tiht-an, allicere. But perhaps our term is rather allied to Arm. tis, a train; bon train, bon allure, Bullet; or even to Su.G. tuss-a, incitare, a term used to denote the setting on of dogs.

TISSLE, s. A struggle. Syn. Dissle, Taissle, q. v. *?. T Y S T , (Orkn.) T Y S T I E , (Shetl.) s. The Sea-turtle;

Colymbus grylle, Linn. To T Y S T E , v. a. To tease ; to scold, Dumfr.

Isl. tast-a, for vide agere ? T Y S T E , T A I S T E , S. The black Guillemote, a bird, Orkn.

Avis parva praepinguis in Orcadibus Tyst dicta, Sibb., Scot. p. 22. " The Black Guillemote, (Colymbus grylle, Linn.) or, as

we call if, the tyste, remains with us all the year, and may be seen fishing in our sounds and friths, in the very worst weather in winter." Barry's Orkney, p. 305. " The taiste, or black guillemote, builds her nest in the

cliffs." P. St. Andrews, Orkn. Statist, Ace. xx. 264. Isl. feisfo, Norw. fezsfe.id. Penn. Zool.p.521. V. SCRABER.

To T Y S T E , v. a. To stir up ; to entice. V. T Y S E , V. S. T Y S T Y R E , s. A case ; a cover.

He made a tystyre in that quhyle, Quhare-in wes closyd the Wangyle, Platyd oure wyth silvyre brycht, On the hey awter standand rycht.

Wyntown, vi. 10. 69. Mr. Macpherson refers to Lat. testa, a shell. L.B.

tester-eum, denotes the covering or roof of a bed. TIT, s. A snatch. V. T Y T E , s. TIT. A tit, agog.

" All men, I know, ar not alike disposed, and yit all men wer never mair a tit." Bruce's Eleven Serm. P. 2, a. Perhaps allied to TID, S. q. v. q. in the humour of any

thing. TIT-AN'-TAUM,s. Apparently, a fit of ill humour.*?. T ITBORE T A T B O R E . The play of Bo-peep. S. TIT FOR TAT. Exact retaliation ; a fair equivalent. *?. To TYTE, v. a. 1. To pull; to snatch ; to draw sud­

denly, S. titt. Pret. tyt, tyte. Of hys throte thai tyt owt qwyte Hys twng. Wyntown, vi. 3. 9. Fra that kest thai na ma wordis : Bot swne wes tyte owt mony swordys, In-to the market of Lanark, Quhare Inglis men, bath stwr and stark, Fawcht in-til gret multytud Agayne Williame Walays gud. Ibid. viii. 13. 40. Be he entrit, hys hed was in the swar, Tytt to the bawk hangyt to ded rycht thar.

Wallace, vii. 212. M S . 4C

T Y T T I T 2. To make a thing move by sudden jerks, S.

A.S. tiht-an, Teut. tijd-en, trahere. A.S. tihte, duxisset, tihth, trahit; Lye.

T Y T E , T Y T , S. 1. A snatch : a quick pull, S. Tit. Ane a tyt made at hys sword. W. ' Hald stylle thi hand, and spek thi worde.'

Wyntown, viii. 13. 27. This is nearly the same with the account given of the

same rencounter by Blind Harry. Ane maid a scrip, and tyt at his lang suorde. 1 Hald still thi hand,' quoth he,' and spek thi word.'

Wallace, vi. 141. M S . The sakeless man deny'd, syne yeed to look, And lifting of the table-claith the nook, I gae't a tit, and tumbl'd o'er the bree; Tarn got the wyte, and I gae the tehee.

Ross's Helenore, p. 64. 2. A slight stroke; a tap, S. V. the v.

Tid seems used in the same sense. " Mony masters, quoth the paddock, when ilka tine of

the barrow took him a tid;" S. Prov. Ramsay, p. 55. Kelly writes tig.

T Y T E , adj. Direct; straight, S.B. I—hailst her roughly, and began to say, I'd got a lump of m y ain death this day; Wi' weet and wind sae tyte into m y teeth, That it was like to cut m y very breath.

Ross's Helenore, p. 38. Sw. taett, close, thick.

T Y T E , T Y T , adv. Soon; quickly. He callit his marschall till him tyt.

Barbour, ii. 4. M S . All samyn soundit the dedely bowis string, Quhirrand smertly furth flaw the takyll tyte, Qwite throw the hede the Remulus did smyte.

Doug. Virgil, 300, 20. Als tyte, as soon as; as tyte, id. At this ilk coist ar we arriuit als tyte, And in the port enterit, lo, we se Flokkis and herdis of oxin and of fee.

Hue ubi delati. Virg. Doug. Virgil, 75, 2. Tite,fulltite, and alstite, are used by R. Brunne. M e thouht Kyng Philip inouh was disconfite, Whan he & alle his trip for nouht fled so tite.—P. 203. The bisshop to him said, & told to him full tite, That the Norreis purueied, to do him a despite.—P. 74. The monkes alle were schent, suspended tham als tite.

P. 209. Hearne improperly views this as the same with tite,

close, tight. He indeed renders als tite, also (vel as) tightly. V. Gl, As tite, anon, shortly, as soon, id. Lancash.; tide, soon,

A. Bor. Rudd. derives it from A.S. tid, tempus. Macpherson,

more properly, from Isl. titt, ready. This seems formed from tid-r, titt, Su.G. tid, frequens, diurnans ; the origin of which is evidently tijd, tempus. Su.G. tid, although primarily signifying time, is used in the sense of, quickly. Komma i tid, not to delay. Isl. Foro their i hurt som tydaz; They departed as quickly as possible; Heims Kringl. 1. p. 261.

T I T L Y , adv. Quickly ; speedily.

Artow comen titly Frlam Mark thi kinsman.

V, T Y T E , adv. Sir Tristrem, p. 48.

T Y T T A R , T I T T A R , adv. Rather; sooner. *?ee *?.

Nele the Bruys come, and the Queyn, And othir ladyis fayr, and farand, Ilkane for luff off thair husband.

570

Thai chesyt tyttar with thaim to ta Angyr, and payn ; na be thaim fra.

Barbour, ii. 518. M S . And nane may betreyss tyttar than he That man in trowis leawte. Ibid. v. 525. M S . W a e worth the wicht sould set his appityte, To reid sic rolls of reprobation ; But tittar mak plain proclamation,

To gather all sic lybills bisselie, And in the fyre mak thair location.

Stewart, Evergreen, i. 237. Isl. tidari, compar. from tid-r; frequentior. Tider,

titter, sooner, A. Bor. To T Y T E , v.n. T o totter; the same with Toyte,v. q. v.*?. To T Y T E o'er, v. n. T o fall over. S.

TITGANDIS. V. TITHING. TlTHER,adj. The other, used after the. V. TOTHER.*?. TITHY, adj. Plump; thriving, V. TYDY. *?. TITHING, TITHAND, s. Tidings.

H o w now, Panthus, quhat tything do ye bring ? Doug. Virgil, 49, 53.

The trew Turture has tane with the tithandis. Houlate, i. II.

This is the reading of the M S . where titgandis occurs in printed copy; the transcriber having mistaken h of the old form for g.

Belg. tijding, Isl. tidende, id. T Y T Y , s. A grandfather. S. T I T I N G , s. The Tit-lark; Alauda Pratensis. *?. To T I T L E , v. n. T o prate idly, S, tittle, the same with

the E. v. tittle-tattle. " Otherwise I should have at the earnest desire of the

House of Guise, m y old and great acquaintances, while I was residing at the court of France, titled in the Queen's ear, that her rebellious subjects, who had at their own hands, without her authority, changed their religion, should have been exemplarily punished as rebels and trayters." Melvill's Mem. Author's Address to his Son. Under E. tattle, Seren. refers to Sw. tadl-a, reprehen-

dere; Isl. ihwatt-a, nugari. Perhaps Su.G. twetalan, double-tongued, from twe, twaa, two, and tala, to tell, may be a cognate term; as tattlers are generally false to both parties.

T I T L A R , T I T T I L L A R , s, A tattler.

The tittillaris so in his eir can roun, The innocent may get no awdience,

V. the v. Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 136. T I T L E N E , T I T L I N G , s. The hedge-sparrow, a small

bird which commonly attends the cuckoo, S. Cur-ruca Eliotae, Gesn. See Sup. Titlinga, Titling, or Moss-cheeper, Ah Currucae species ?

Sibb. Scot. p. 22. " The titlene follouit the goilk, ande gart hyr sing guk

guk." Compl. S. p. 60. W h e n two persons are so intimate that the one obse­

quiously follows the other, it is said, " They are as grit as the gowk and the titlene ;" or the names of these birds are ludicrously imposed on them.

Isl. tytUng-r, id. passerculus, G. Andr. Isl. tyta, goektyta, curruca, avis, in cujus nido cuculus ova sua deponere cre-ditur, quaeque illius pullos dein alit et educat; Ihre. This learned etymologist deduces the name from Gr. rirhva, nutrio, mk;, nutrix. Teut. tyte, however, not only sig­nifies a chicken, but any very small bird; avis quaelibet minutior; Kilian.

T I T T Y , s. The diminutive of sister, S. He had a wee titty that loo'd na me,

T O T O C Because I was twice as bonny as she.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 129. TITTIE-BILLIE, *. A n equal; a match. 8. TITTY, adj. 1. The wind is said to be titty, when for­cible, or coming in gusts, S.B. from tit, a stroke, 2. Captious; testy. *?. V. T Y T E , V. and s.

TITTISH, adj. Captious; testy; ill-humoured, S.B.; apparently from the same origin.

TITTS, s.pl. Supposed to be a disease of cows, affect­ing their dugs.

The Teasick, the Tooth-aik, the Titts & the Tirles. V. FEYK. Montgomerie.

A.S. titt, Teut. titte, uber, mamma, mammilla. TITULAR, s. A person, who, although a laic, had a donation of church lands at or after the Reformation,*?.

TITUPP, s. A trigger. " In the middes of this hous was ane ymage of bras maid

in the similitude of Kenneth with ane goldin apill in his hand, with sic ingyne, that als sone as ony man maid him to throw this apill out of the hand of the ymage, the wry-ing of the samyn drew all the tituppis of the crosbowis vp at anis, & schot at hym that threw the apill." Bellend. Cron. B. xi. c. 10. This is evidently from tit, tyte, a pull, a slight stroke,

conjoined with the prep, up; as denoting the motion of the trigger upwards.

To TIZZLE, v. a. To stir up, or turn over, *?. TO, adv, Too.

Thai war all out to fele to fycht With few folk, off a symple land. Bot quhar God helpys quhat may withstand ?

Barbour, xi. 201. M S . i. e. Too many. A.S. to, nimis.

TO, adv. " When preceding a verb, part, or adj., quite; entirely ; very," Gl. Wynt.

Thai fand thare mawmentis, mare and myn, To fruschyd and to brokyu all, And castyn downe in pecis small.

Wyntown, vii. 10. 71. Here war we first to fruschit and hard beset, With dartis and with stanis all to bet.

Doug. Virgil, 52, 41. To bet, i. e. much hurt, overpowered. Obruimur, Virg.

A.S. to beat-an, dilacerare. This form occurs in O.E. " Too monithes after the batel of Poyter, the cite of

Basile al to shaken and rent with an yerth quake." Le-land's Collectan. i. 568. Mr. Macpherson refers to Wachter, who in his Prole-

£om. Sect. v. observes that Germ, zu is used as an adverb, denoting excess, also intension. The former quotes as examples, A.S. to-qwysan (1. to-cwysan) to shake in pieces; to-broken, quite broken; to-faegen, very glad. H e also refers to Tyrwhitt in vo., who observes that " to, in com­position with verbs, is generally augmentative." But both these learned writers seem mistaken, in view­

ing to, as if it occurred only in one sense. It is indeed augmentative, as in to-faegen, perlaetus; and in this sense may be traced to A.S. to, insuper. But it is very often disjunctive, having the force of Lat. dis. Thus, to-braecan is rendered by Lye, disrumpere, to-cwysan, not only, qua-tere, but dissipare; to-beatan, dilacerare, diverberare, to-braedan, dilatare, to-clifian, diffindere, &c. It must be ad­mitted, however, that in some of these compounds, it is chiefly augmentative or intensive; the v. in its simple state conveying the idea; as in to-braecan and to-clifian.

TO. Shut; close; pron. tu, as Gr. v The dore is to, S. The door is shut.

571

Belg. toe, id. De duur is toe. In Belg. toe is used as an adj. Germ, zu, id. Significat clausum, sicut awfaper-tum. Hinc vulgo dicimus, Die thiir est zu, janua clausa est; item zuthun, zumachen, claudere, clausum facere. Wachter, Prolegom. Sect. v. vo. Zu.

T O , prep. Used in the sense of down. " Ganging to of the sun," his going down. 8.

T O - A I R N , s. A piece of iron built into the wall, with a perforation to admit the pipe of a smith's bellows. *?.

T O A L I E , T O L I E , S. A small round bannock or cake of any kind of bread. Syn. Todie. S.

To TOAM, v. n. To rope. V. TOME. S. TOCHER, TOUCHQUHARE, TOCHER-GOOD, s. The dowry which a wife brings to her husband by mar­riage, S. Towgher, Cumb. *?ee Sup. " Peace wes roborat with the Danys in this sort. King

Charlis douchtir salbe geuin in mariage to Rolland. And Rolland with all the Danis sail ressaue the Cristin faith, and in the name of touchquhare sail haue all thai landis quhilkis wer namit afore Newstria." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 22. " The first was married upon Sir William Crighton,

heir to the said Lord Crighton foresaid, and got with her the land of Frendraught in tocher." Pitscottie, p. 26. " King James III. being of the age of twenty years,

taketh to wife Margaret the King of Norroway's daughter, (otherwise the King of Denmark,) and got with her, in tocher-good, the lands of Orkney and Shetland, with all right and title of right to them, pertaining to the King of Norroway at that time." Ibid. p. 72.

Sibb., after Skinner, derives it from A.S. taec-an, be-taec-an, tradere, assignare. But it is a Celt, term, Ir. tochar, a dowry; perhaps originally from hat. douar-ium,id.

To T O C H E R , v. a. To give one a dowry, S.

" He married her to his brother John Earl of Athole, the Black Knight of Lorn's sou, and tochered her with the lordship of Balveny." Pitscottie, p. 56.

T O C H E R L E S S , adj. Having no portion, S. See Sup.

W h a bids the maist, is sure to win the prize; While she that's tocherless, neglected lies.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 76. To TO-CUM, v. n. 1. To approach. 2. To come to. *?.

In sic like wise Turnus was to cumyng: And quhen that Pallas saw him cum so nere, He mycht areik to him ane casting spere.

Doug. Virgil, 333, 8. A.S. to-cum-an, advenire.

T O C U M , T O - C U M M Y N G , S. 1. Access ; approach. Baith here and thare Turnus the greuit sire Went on horsbak, sersand about the wall Euery dern way and secrete passage al, Gif ony entre or tocum espy He mycht for till assale the city by.

Doug. Virgil, 275, 49. And lat vs formest haist vs to the se, And thare recounter our fais, or thay land. Quhilk as thay fyrst set fute vpon the sand With slyd to cummyng, half dede in affray, Or thay thare futesteppis ferme, and tak array.

Ibid. 325, 27. 2. Meeting; encounter.

And furth thay streike thare lang speris on for, Drew in thare armes wyth schaftis chargeit wele far, Tasit vp dartis, takillis, and fleand rlaiiis, To counter the first tocum, for tbe nanis.

Doug. Virgil, 385, 50. A.S. to-eyme, adventus, accessus, an arriving, approach­

ing; Somner. Belg. toe-komste, id. In like manner Sw. tiltrade, literally, a treading to; tilgang, a going to.

T O D T O F T O D , s. The fox, S. See Sup.

" Item of ilk daker of Otter skinnis and Tod skinnis vi. d." Acts, Ja. I. 1424. c. 34. Edit. 1566.

Sum in ane lamb-skin is a Tod. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 41.

" Amang thame are mony martrikis, bevers, quhitredis, and toddis." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 8.

— T h o u may reid in his halie Evangell; " Birds hes thair nests, and tods hes thair den, " Bot Christ Jesus, the Saviour of men, " In all this warld hes nocht ane penny braid, " Quhairon he may repois his heavenlie head."

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 249. The fox is vulgarly known by no other name through­

out S. Yet I find no term, that has the least resemblance to it, except Isl. too, tove, vulpes, G. Andr. tofa, Verel.

This crafty animal is often called Tod Lowrie, and sim­ply Lowrie, q. v.

T O D - H O L E , S. A hole in which the fox hides himself.«?. T O D - L I K E , adj. Resembling the fox ; crafty, thievish.*?. T O D ' S BIRDS, T O D ' S B A I R N S . A n evil brood ; a perverse

young generation. " Suspect ever your affectiouns, what ever entisement

they haue to cloake the selfe with : suspect ever the mo-tioun of them, for the Devill is in them :—Swa, they wald ever be handled as Tod's birds ; for they ar aye the war of ouer great libertie." Bruce's Eleven Serm. 1591. Sign. Y. 8. a. " Argyle—put some 4 or 500 on Kintyre shore, to watch

on Antrim's designs; the rest on the head of Lorn, to hold the islanders and those tods birds of Lochaber in some awe." Baillie's Lett. i. 159. " The Tod's Bairns are ill to tame," S. Prov., " apply'd

to them who are descended of an ill parentage, or curs'd with a bad education. Such are hard to be made good or virtuous." Kelly, p. 329. " You breed of the Tod's Bairns, if one be good, all are

good," S. Prov., " spoken of a bad family, where there are none to mend another." Ibid. p. 361.

In like manner, those called "the quhelpis of the wolfis," Acts, Ja. I. c. 115. Edit. 1566. are, in the title, denominated wolf birdis. Birds, as applied to quadrupeds, may be merely a tro­

pical use of the term, as denoting the young of a fowl; especially as bairns is used in a similar manner. It de­serves to be mentioned, however, that Isl. byrd has the sense of, nativitas, genus, familia ; Verel.

T O D and L A M B S . A game played on a perforated board, with wooden pins, S. This game is materially the same with the E. one,

called Fox and Geese, described by Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, pp. 237, 238.

TOD'S T A I L S , TOD-TAILS, s.pl. Alpine club-moss; an

herb, S. Lycopodiurn clavatum, Linn. It seems to receive its name S. from its supposed resemblance to the tail of a fox. *?ee Sup.

T O D PULTIS. Perhaps errat. for tod peltis, fox-skins.*?. TOD'S-TORN, s. A base trick, manifesting the low cun­ning of a fox. &

T O D - T Y K E , S. A mongrel between a fox and a dog. *?. T O D - T O U Z I N G , S. A method of hunting the fox in Scot­

land, by shouting, guarding, hounding dogs on him, &c. T O D - T R A C K , S. The traces of the fox's feet in snow, *?. T O D , s. Bush. Ivy-tod, ivy-bush. S. T O D , T O D I E , T O D D I E , S. A small round cake of bread, given to children to keep them in good humour. *?.

TODDLE,ToDLiE,fi, A small cake or shon; dim. from Tod. 572

T O D G I B , S. A small round flat cake. *?. T O D D L E , S. A designation given to a child, or to a neat

person of small size. • *?. T O D D L E R , S. One who moves with short steps. *?. T O D L I C H (gutt.), s. A child beginning to walk. *?. To T O D L E , T O D D L E , V. n. 1. To walk with short

steps, in a tottering way, as children do, or those who are in some degree intoxicated, S.

Than out thar come the Modiwart, Ane beist throw nature blind,

Quho fast the eirth culd scraip and scart, Rest and refuge to find : Quhiles dodling and todling, Vpon fowr prettie feit.

Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 22. Todle and Dodle are undoubtedly synon. Doddk is

given by Seren. as an obsolete E. word, corresponding to Lat. vacillare. Our term seems also equivalent, and allied, to diddle, a v. used by Quarles, although I have not met with it in any Dictionary.

And when his forward strength began to bloome, To see him diddle up and doune the roome ! O, who would thinke, so sweet a babe as this, Should ere be slaine by a false-hearted kisse!

Divine Fancies, Lib. i. 4. The vera wee things, todlin, rin Wi' stocks out-owre their shouther.—Burns, iii. 127.

2. T o purl; to move with a gentle noise, S. Cou'd—todling burns, that smoothly play

O'er gowden bed, Compare wi' Birks oflndermayf

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 25. 3. It denotes the murmuring noise caused by meat boiling gently in a pot, Fife ; more generally tottk, S.

A junt o' beef, baith fat and fresh, Aft in your pat be todlin!

A. Douglas's Poems, p. 67. Isl. dudd-a, segnipes esse ; Su.G. tult-a, minutis gressi-

bus ire, ut solent decrepiti aut infantes; Ihre. Isl. tolt-a, id. Seren. expl. doddle by tulta. Exm. totk, a slow, lazy person, totting, slow, idle, E. totty, shaking, unsteady, seem allied. The latter is derived by Dr. Johns, from totter, which has more the appearance of being a derivative than the other.

T O - D R A W , fi. A resource ; a refuge; something to which one can draw in danger or in difficulties. *?.

T O F A L L , T O O F A L L , s. A building annexed to the wall of a larger one. It now properly denotes one, the roof of which rests on the wail of the principal building, S. See Sup.

Of the Corskyrk the ilys twa, Wyth lede the south yle thekyd alsua, The north ile, and the qwere, The tqfallis twa war made but were.

Wyntown, ix. 6. 126. " The toofalls were not theeked, because they might not

be overtaken this season." Spalding's Troubles, ii. 30. T O - F A L L , T O O - F A L L , s. The close. To-fall d the

day, the evening, S. Toofalofthe night, id. H e shot them up, he shot them down,

The deer but and the rae ; And he has scour'd the gude green wood

Till to-fall o' the day. Jamieson's Popular Ball, i, 197.

But e'er the toofal of the night, H e lay a corps on the Braes of Yarrow.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 152.

T O K T O M Mr. Lambe views this image as drawn from a suspended

canopy, so let fall as to cover what is below. V. Gl, T O F O R E , prep. Before.

Aud vther quhilis walde scho raik on raw, Or pas tofore the altaris with fat offerandis.

Doug. Virgil, 101, 42. A.S. to-far, ante, coram.

TOF O R E , adv. Before. With thyr wourdis the sprete of Dido Quene, The quhilk tofore in luf was kendillit grene, Now all in fyre the flambe of luf furth blesis.

Doug. Virgil, 101, 23. TOFT, s. A place where a messuage has stood, *?. TOFT, s. A bed for plants. P L A N T - T O F T . A bed for rearing young coleworts or cabbages. *?.

T O - G A N G , S. Encounter ; meeting; access. *?. T O - G A U N , s. A drubbing; a beating. *?. T O G E R S U M , adj. Tedious; tiresome. *?. TOHILE, Wyntown, vi. 15. 13.

Gret possessyownys thai tynt qwyte Be mysdoaris, that had delyt Pylgrynys to tak, and tohile, Or ony lele men wald despoyle.

Perhaps it should be read as two words to hile, q. to imprison; A.S. hel-an, Su.G. hel-a, occultare; A. Bor. to hek, to hyll, to conceal.

TOY, s. A head dress either of linen or woollen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes, S. *?ee Sup. " The tenants wives wore toys of linen of the coarsest

kind, upon their heads, when they went to church, fairs, or markets. At home, in their own houses, they wore toys of coarse plaiding." P. Tongland, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. ix. 325.

I wad na been surpris'd to spy, You on an auld wife's flainen toy.

V. M U T C H . Burns, iii. 230. Germ, tuch denotes cloth of any kind, linen or woollen;

Su.G. tyg, id. natt-tyg, a night-cap. But it seems rather from Belg. tooij-en, to tire.to adorn; whence tooisel, a tire, an ornament; tooister, a tire-woman. This fashion, doubt­less, when introduced, was reckoned highly ornamental. From its formidable appearance, it may be supposed that it was at first used in full dress.

T O I G H A L (gutt.), s. A parcel; a budget; luggage. *?. To TOIR, v. a. To beat, S, toor,

Tysiphone the wrekare of misdedis With quhip in hand al reddy fast hir spedis All to assale, to skurge, toir and bete,

Doug. Virgil, 184, 22. Su.G. torfw-a, verberare.

TOIT, s. A fit, whether of illness, or of bad humour ; the same with Toutt. V. E Y N D L I N G .

TOYT, s. Toyts of Toy, the name given to the fresh­water mussels found in Tay.

Now let us go, the pretious pearles a fishing, Th' occasion serveth well, while here we stay, To catch these muscles, you call toyts of Tay.

Muse's Threnodie, p. 91. Perhaps from Teut. tote, tuyt, cornu, extreraitas instar

cornu; Kilian, To T O Y T E , v. n. To totter like old age, S. also tot.

We've worn to crazy years thegither, We'll toyte about wi' ane anither,

V. TODLE. Burns, iii, 145. TOKEN,* s. The name given in S. to a ticket of lead or tin, which every private Christian receives as a mark of admission to the sacrament of the Supper. See 8.

573

The first instance, as far as I have observed, of the use of such tokens, was at the General Assembly at Glasgow 1638. " The church gates were strictly guarded by the town,

none had entrance but he who had a token of lead, declar­ing that he was a covenanter." Spalding's Troubles, i. 89.

T O K I E , s. A n old woman's head-dress, resembling a monk's cowl, S.B. See Sup. Fr. toque, " a fashion of bonnet, or cap, (somewhat like

our old courtiers velvet cap,) worne ordinarily by schollers, and some old men;" Cotgr. Tocque, coiffed. Span, toca, Ital. tocador, a woman's night head-dress.

T O K I E , s. A fondling term applied to a child, S.B. Germ, tocke, a baby ; a puppet.

T O L B U T H E , T O L L B O O T H , S. A prison or jail. *?. T O L D O U R , T O L D O I R , S . Cloth woven with gold thread. TOLIE, s. A small round cake of any kind of bread. *?. TQLL,fi. A turnpike, S. V.Sir.T.Sinclair'sObserv.p. 130. T O L L - B A R , s. A turnpike. S. T O L L - R O A D , s. A turnpike road. :.•• S. T O L L I E , s. A turd. "' S. T O L L I N G , T O W L I N G , s. The name given to the sound

which is emitted by bees before they swarm. *?. T O L L O N E S E L L A R , s. A dealer in tallow. *?. T O L M O N T H , T O L M O N D , fi. A year; twelve months. 8. T O - L O O K , T O L U I K , s. A prospect; matter of expecta­

tion ; as, a puir to-look, an ill prospect as to the future.S. " Bot heirof had our proud and vane Quene no plesour,

and especially efter that her husband was deid; for (thocht sche) the to-luik of England sail allure mony wowers to me." Knox's Hist. p. 277. " Bodwell—had the Queen of England by her Ambas­

sador ordinar—to be his Commer, and Mr. Robert Bruce, my Uncle, and me, being moderator of that Assembly, invited now and then to good cheer; having some great purpose and to-look in hand; but he was never luckie, nor honest to God nor man." Mr. Ja. Melvill's MS. Mem. p. 196. A. S, to-loc-ian, adspicere.

T O L O R , s. State; condition. V. T A L E R . *?. To T O L T E R , v, n. To move unequally; to totter.

So toiler quhilum did sche it to wreye, There was bot clymbe and rycht downward hye, And sum were eke that falling had sore, There for to clymbe thair corage was no more.

King's Quair, C. v. 13. Perhaps there is an inversion, for, " so did she at times

writhe herself to make it totter." Su.G. tult-a, vacillare; Lat. tolutar-is, ambling,

T O L T E R , TOLTIR,<«^'. Unstable; in a state of vacillation. For sothe it is, that, on her tolter quhele Every wight cleverith in his stage,

And failyng foting oft quhen hir lest rele, Sum up, sum doun, is non estate nor age Ensured more, the prynce than the page.

King's Quair, i. 9. Before his face ane apill hang also, Fast at his mouth, apon a toltir threde, Quhen he gapit, it rokkit to and fro, And fled as it refusit hym to fode.

This is part of the description given of Tantalus, in the Tractie of Orpheus kyng, Edinburgh, 1508. V. the v.

T O - L U C K , s. Boot; what is given above bargain, S. mends, synon. / got a penny to the to-luck. This has originated from the vulgar idea of giving luck

to a bargain; like Lucks-penny, q. v. T O M E , T O M , T O U M , S. 1. A line for a fishing-rod, in-

T O N T O O

eluding the whole length, S.O. Cumb. A snood denotes only one length of the hair, from knot to knot. See Sup.

2. A long thread of any ropy glutinous substance; as rosin half-melted, sealing-wax, &c. *?.

To T O M E , T O U M , V. a. To draw out any viscous sub­

stance into a line ; pron. as Toom. 8. To T O M E , T O U M out, v.n. To be drawn out into a line

or long threads, like any glutinous substance. *?. T O M E , s. Used perhaps for book or volume. *?. T O M E R A L L , s. A horse or cout two years old. *?. T O M I N A U L , s. A n animal of the ox kind, one year old. T O M M A C K , s. A hillock. V. T A M M A C K . 8.

T O M M Y NODDIE, T O M - N O D D Y . The Puffin, a bird, S. Orkn. The Tarn Norie of the Bass. " Puffin, Tom-N^oddy." P. Luss, Dunbart. Statist.

Ace. xvii. 251. " The Puffin (alca arctica, Lin. Syst.), the coulterneb,

or tommy noddie of this place, is seen very often on our rocks ; it builds in holes under ground, and lays but one egg." Barry's Orkney, p. 305.

Tom-Noddy, S.O. P. Luss, Dunbart. Statist. Ace. xvii. 251. V. NORIE.

T O M S H E E , s. A fairy-hillock. *?. T O - N A M E , s. A name added, for the sake of distinc­

tion, to one's surname ; or used instead of it. Thay theifs that steillis and tursis hame, Ilk ane of them has ane to-name ; Will of the Lawis, Hab of the Schawis : To mak hair wawis, Thay thinke na schame.

Maitland of Lethington, ap. Scott's Minstrelsy, I. Introd.CLin. " Owing to the marchmen being divided into large clans,

bearing the same sirnarae, individuals were usually dis­tinguished by some epithet, derived from their place of residence, personal qualities, or descent. Thus, every distinguished moss-trooper had, what is here called a to-name, or nom de guerre, in addition to his family name." Ibid. N.

T O N E , part. pa. Taken. Quhairfoir I counsall every man, that he With lufe nocht in the foindis net be tone.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 92, T O N G U E , * s. On one's tongue, by heart. *?. To G I E A F F T H E T O N G U E . T O deliver a message, or

render an account, from recollection, or verbally. *?. T O N G - G R A N T , S. Acknowledgment; confession. *?.

T O N G U E Y , adj. 1. Applied to one who is qualified to

defend his cause with the tongue. 2. Loquacious; glib-tongued ; rather used in a bad sense. *?.

T O N G U E - R O O T S , S. pi. It was juist at my tongue-roots,

a phrase used to intimate that a person was just about to catch a half-forgotten term ; or that he was on the point of uttering an idea in which he had been anticipated by another. #.

To ToNGUE-TACK,».a. Topreventfromfreedomofspeech. TONGUE-TACKED, part. pa. 1. Tongue-tied, having an impediment in speech, from the membrane which at­taches the tongue to the under part of the mouth coming too far forward. 2. Applied to a person ac­customed to speak a great deal, who becomes un­usually silent. 3. Mealy-mouthed ; not speaking the truth with becoming boldness. 4. Applied often to one who is mumbling from intoxication. S.

TONGUE-FERDY, adj. Loquacious ; glib of the tongue, Ang.

574

Su.G. tung, lingua, and faerdig, paratus. Many words of the same formation occur in Su.G.; as spakferdig, meek, peaceable, raettferdig, hogferdig, &c. Ihre thinks, that all the words, which have this termination, acknowledge A.S. ferhth, mens, animus, as their origin. If this be the case as to some of them, others seem more nearly allied to Teut.vaerdigh, expeditus,promtus, agilis. V. Laett, Ihre.

TONGUE-RAIK, S. Elocution, S. V. RAIK.

T O N N E , adj. Apparently made of tin. 8. T O N N Y , adj. Perhaps tawny-coloured. *?. T O N N O C H E D , part.pa. Covered with a plaid. *?. To T O O B E R , v.a. To beat; to strike, S.O. labour, E. and Loth. Fr. tabour-er, to strike or bump on the posteriors, q, as

on a drum ; from tabour, a drum. TOOBER, s. A quarrel, S.O.

TOOBERIN, s. A beating; a drubbing. V, TABOUR. *?.

TOOFAL,fi. Toofalofthe night, nightfall, S. V. TO-FALL. T O O K , s. A peculiar and disagreeable taste. *?. T O O L Y E , fi. A broil. To TOOLYE, v. n. To quarrel. V. TUILYIE.

TOOM, adj. Empty. V. TUME. TOOM-SKINN'D, adj. Hungry. V. under TUME. *?. TO OP, s. A ram ; a Tup. 8. TOOPIKIN, TOOPICK, s. 1. A pinnacle; a summit. 2. A narrow pile raised so high as to be in danger of falling. 3. A dome, cupola, turret, or steeple, »?.

T OOR, s. A turf. V. TURES. *?.

TOORRIN, part. pr. Hay is said to be toorrin, when it rises on the rake in raking. *?.

TOOSH, «. A woman's bed-gown. Syn. Shortgown. 8. To T O O T , TO U T , v.a. 1. To blow or sound a horn, S.

" Sir William Hamilton of Preston,—and the other heritors of Prestonpans parish, are convened for the riot mentioned supra,—for suffering Brown then preaching and praying to be affronted by boys, who touted horns," &c. Fountainhall's Decis. i. 182.

O lady, I heard a wee horn toot, And it blew wonder clear.

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 172. 2. T o sound loudly ; to spread as a report. *?.

Su.G. tut-a, Isl. taut-a, Dan. lud-er, A.S. tkut-an, theot-an, thiot-an, ululare; Germ, dud-en, sonare. Su.G. tuta i korn, to blow a horn, Belg. toet-en, Teut. tuyt-en, id. tuyte, a horn ; Germ, dud-horn, a sounding horn. It seems to be the same Belg. v. which also signifies to buzz : tuyting der ooren, a buzzing in the ears.

Ihre observes, that Isl. taut-a, is almost always used fo denote the sound made with horns, although it primarily respects the howling of wild beasts. Olaus Rudbeck refers to Chald. tit, which signifies both a horn, and the sound made by it.

TTo T O O T , v.n. 1. To cry as if one were sounding a

horn ; to cry by prolonging the voice. *?• 2. T o make a plaintive noise, as when a child cries loudly and mournfully, S.

T O O T , T O U T , S. The blast ofa horn or trumpet, S, See S.

The rattling drum and trumpet's tout Delight young swaukies that are stout.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 369. " A new tout in an old horn ;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 7.

T O U T I N G H O R N , a horn for blowing, S. See Sup.

" Every individual was accoutred with a large club, and, if possible, a touting horn (the horn of an ox perforated at the small end), by blowing on which they made a loud, and not altogether a discordant sound." Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 2. Note.

T O P T O R To T O O T , v. n. To express dissatisfaction or contempt.

This v., as well as the E. interj. tut, seems formed from the sound.

TOOT, interj. Expressive of contempt. E. Tut. S. To T O O T , v. a. To drink copiously; Toot it up, drink it off. T O O T , S. A hearty draught of liquor, *?.

T O O T H F U ' , s. To tak a toothfu', to take a moderate quantity of strong liquor, S. See Sup.

Whan night, owre yirth, begins to fa', Auld gray-hair'd carles, fu' willin,

To tak their toothfu' gating awa Rev. J. NicoFs Poems, i. 39.

TOOTH-RlFE,arf/'. Agreeable to the taste; palatable.*?. T O O T H S O M E , * adj. Not merely pleasing to the taste, as in English, but easily chewed. *?.

T O O T - M O O T , s. A muttering. *?. 7/oTOOTTLE,i\ra. T o mutter; to speak to one's self.*?. T O O T - N E T , s. A large fishing-net anchored, Ang. A man stands in a coble, or small fishing-boat; and, when he sees the fish enter the net, calls the fishers to haul it. H e is designed the Tootsman, pron. tuts-man. This net is used only, it is supposed, in the sea, or in rivers where the tide flows. " The fishing-tackle formerly employed was of various

kinds. Sometimes it consisted of a common moveable net or siene; sometimes of a toot-net, much larger and stronger than the former, extending to an indefinite length from the beach into the water, and secured at its extre­mity by an anchor." Case in the House of Lords, A. 1805. Charles Gray of Carse, Respondent. This word is evidently of Belg. origin. For tootebel is

defined, " a certain square net;" Sewel. Perhaps as this species of net projects so far, the term is allied to Teut. tote, rostrum.

TOP, TAIL, nor M A N E . V. under TAP. S. TOP, TAP, adj. Very good; capital; excellent. *?, TOPPER, S. Any thing excellent in its kind. *?. To TOP, TOPE, V. a. 1. To tap; to broach. 2. Used in a laxer sense, as equivalent to breaking bulk. S.

TOPSTER, TOPSTAR, S. A tapster. *?.

To TOPT, v. a. To tap; to broach. *?. TOP ANNUELL. A certain annuity paid from lands or houses. In the Acts of Mar. 29 May, 1551, c. 10, three kinds of

annuelh are mentioned, which Skene doubtfully expl. in the following manner. " Ground annuell is esteemed to be quhen the ground

or propertie of onie lande bigged or vnbigged, is disponed and annalied for ane annuell to be payed to the annalier thereof, or to ane vther person, sik as ony Chaiplaine or Priest. Top annuell, is ane certaine dewtie, given and disponed furth of ony bigged tenement, or land, of the quhilk tenement the propertie remains with the disponer, & he is only oblished to paye the said annuell. Few an­nuell is ather when the few mail], or dewtie is disponed as ane yeirlie annuel: or quhen the land, or tenement is sette in few-ferme heretablie, for ane certaine annuel to be payed nomine feudifirmae." De Verb. Sign. vo. Annuell. In Acts, Edit. 1566, tope is the orthography; Tope an-

mellaris, Fol. 149, b.: toppe, Skene. Erskine has observed, that " the very meaning of these

words, Sir John Skene, not above forty years after the statute was enacted, professes himself utterly ignorant of." Instit. B. ii. T. 3, § 52. " The case being there of tenements within burgh, the

feu-annual," according to Stair, " is that which is due by the reddendo of the property of the ground before the house was built; ground-annual is a distinct several an-

575

nualrent, constitute upon the ground, before the house was built; and the *qp-annualrent is out of the house." Instit. B. ii. T. 5, § 7. It is possible, that the term top may be equivalent to

chief or principal, as it is often used, in this sense, S. as if it were an adj. These annuitants may be thus denomi­nated, because the annuity alone is disponed to them, whereas the property remains with the disponer. It may have some reference to L.B. feudum capitate, Fr. fief en chef; the person, giving the annuity, still retaining his right to the lands; only with the burden of paying a cer­tain sum annually, in consequence of his act of disposition.

It may be observed, however, that in O.Fr. we find the phrase, Terre estant entcppe, " waste (because unhusbanded, or untilled) ground;" Cotgr. L.B. topa, destructio, ruina vel alienatio; Du Cange. Carpentier denies the justness of this definition ; observing that it is synon. with Vastum, i. e. waste. Ager incultus, terra pascendis animalibus des-tinata, a veteri Gallico Tope & Toppe, eadem notione. He shews that Tope was used in this sense, A. 1480. I hesitate whether this correction be just. Topa is cer­

tainly used, as expl. by D u Cange. It seems, indeed, pro­perly to refer to buildings; Et si qua alienata vel in ruinam seu topam, deducta fuerint, ad debitum statum deducam. Jurament. Canonic. Belnens. in Burgundia.

To T O P E , v. a. T o oppose. See Sup. " The King nominated one day, in face of parliament,

the Earl of Morton; while Argyle topes this nomination, as of a man unmeet, because of irresponsibleness to the law for his debts." Baillie's Lett. i. 329.

Perhaps the S. phrase is allied, to be on one's tap, to assault him, either with hands, or with the tongue.

T O P F A W , s. Soil that has fallen in, or sunk from the surface. *?.

T O P I N E L L I S , s. The lines for haling the topsails. *?. T O P M A N , s. A ship or vessel with tops. *?. T O P O U R TAILL, adv. Topsyturvy.

The pryd of princis, withowttyn faill, Garris all the warld rin top our taill.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 97. T O - P U T , part. pa. Affixed; put to. 8. T O - P U T , fi. Any thing unnecessarily or incongruously

superadded; any fictitious addition to a true narrative. T O - P U T T E R , s. This most nearly corresponds to E. task-master ; one that holds another to work. *?. " 111 workers are ay good to-putters ;" Ramsay's S. Prov.

p. 43. T O Q U E , s. The cushion formerly worn on the forepart

of a female's head, over which the hair was combed. *?. T O R (of a chair), s. Perhaps the round, or the semi­

circular arm of a chair of state. " Things thus put in ordour the Quene cam forth, and

with no litle worldly pompe was placed in the chair, hay­ing twa faythfull supposts, the Maister of Maxwell upoun the one Tor, and Secretare Lethingtoun upoun the vther Tor of the chair, quhareupoun they waytit diligently, all the tyme of that accusatioun, sumetyme the one occupying hir ear, sumtyme the uther." Knox's Hist. p. 340. Fr. tour, Teut. toer, circulus.

T O R E (of a saddle), s. The pommel, the forepart of which is somewhat elevated, S. See Sup.

A horse he never doth bestride Without a pistol at each side : And without other two before, One at either sadle tore. CoMVs Mock Poem, i. 41.

A.S. tor, a tower, an eminence. To T O R E , v. a. To tear.

T O R T O S Like so as quhare Jouis big foule the erne, With hir Strang tallouns, and hir punsis sterne, Lichtand had claucht the litil hynd calf ying, Taring the skyn, and made the blude out spring.

Doug. Virgil, 465, 40, Rudd. is inclined to view this as the same with toir.

But this seems formed from A.S. teor-an, rumpere. TORETT or TORRETT CLAITH. A muffler. *?. TORFEIR, TORFER, s. Hardship; difficulty. See S.

Than said he loud upone loft, " Lord, will ye lyth, " Ye sal nane torfeir betyde, I tak upone hand, " Na mysliking have in hart, nor have ye na dout."

Gawan and Gol. iii, 18. It occurs in M S . Libr. Royal College of Physicians,

marked H. iii. 12, supposed to be of the age of Rob. Bruce, or prior to it.

In thair speling ful wele thai spedde; Thoh that thai wel sped als I saie, Ful mani a torfer sufferid thaie; Na lef'te thai for na grame of man Bot werande on the wrang thai wan.

This would seem merely Isl. torfaer-a, iter difficile et impeditum, Verel. p. 257, from Tor, a particle in compo­sition denoting difficulty and trouble in accomplishing any thing, and faer-a, to go.

To T O R F E L , T O R C H E L . W . n. 1. " To pine away; to die;" Gl. Sibb. Torfile, to decline in health, A. Bor. See Sup. 2. To relapse into disease. 3. T o draw back from a design or purpose. Sibb. derives it from Isl. thurk-a, Su.G. tork-a, siccare,

arescere, abstergere, Isl. thorr, aridus, siccus. Perhaps it may signify, to be in a state of difficulty or trouble; Isl. torfellde, torvellde, difficilis, arduus ; apparently from tor, as in Torfeir, and velld, efficio, valeo, potis sum.

T O R F L E , T O R F E L , s. The state of being unwell; a de­clining state of health. *?•

T O R Y , * s. A term expressive of the greatest indigna­tion or contempt; often applied to a child; as, " Ye vile little tory." 8.

T O R Y T , Wallace vii. 1240, Perth Edit. Leg. taryt, as in M S . i. e. tarried.

To T O R K , T O R Q U E , V. a. To torture by the continued infliction of punctures, pinching, or scratching. *?.

To T O R N , v. a. To turn. The cattel eik beheld thay raik on raw,— Bayth squeil and low in thay ilk plentuous gatis, Quhilk sura tyme hecht Caryne fare and large, Quhare the housis war like ane torned barge.

Doug. Virgil, 254, 42. TORN BUT.

And the King that angry wes, For he his men saw fie him fra, Said then, ' Lordingis, sen it is swa, ' That vre rynnys again ws her, ' Gud is we pass off thar daunger, ' Til God ws send eftsonys grace; ' And yeyt may fall, giff thai will chace, ' Quyt thaim torn but sum dele we sail.'

Barbour, ii. 438. M S . Instead of combat in Pink, and other Edit. " It may

happen, that we shall in some degree retaliate on our enemies for the victory they have obtained, if they attempt to pursue us." The most probable conjecture I can form as to the phrase is, that it is equivalent to turn about; Fr. tourn-er, to turn and but in but a but, on equal terms.

T O R N E , s. A turn, an action done to one, whether favourable or injurious.

And in remembrance of this ill tome, 576

Thay can his templis wourschip and adorne. Doug. Virgil, 480, 13.

T O R N E , s. A tower. *?. TORPIT, s. Turpentine. <?. TORRIE, s. A term applied to peas roasted in the sheaf, Fife; apparently from Lat. torreo, q. what is scorched.

TORRIE, TO R Y , S. A beetle that breeds in dung, and consumes grain. Torie-worm, the grub-worm. *?.

TORRY-EATEN, adj. Torry-eaten land, poor moorish soil, when exhausted by cropping, and appearing puffed, and very bare, having only scattered tufts of sheep's fescue, S.B. See Sup.

To T O R R IE-EAT, v. n. The same with being Torry-eaten. TORR1S, pi.

The king faris with his folk, our firthis and fellis,— Withoutin beilding of blis, of bern, or of byre : Bot torris, and tene wais, teirfull quha tellis,

Gawan and Gol. i. 3. Does this mean towers (Teut. torre, turris) and mourn­

ful ways ? Or shall we view tene as an error for feme, q, empty walls ?

T O R T , part. pa. Tortured; distorted. N o w sal he perische, and now sal he de; And sched his gentyl blude so pacient, In greuous panys, be Troianis tori and rent.

Lat. tort-us. Doug. Virgil, 340, 34. T O R T O R , s. A tormentor. *?. TOSCH, TOSCHE, adj. Neat; trim; applied to trees,

&c. as referring to the use of the shears or pruning-hook. Also expl. happy. *?.

—So as quhilom the mekil tosche fir tre On Erimanthus the mont of Archade, Or in the wod of Ida with ane sound, Vp by the rutis rent, ruschis to the ground.

Doug. Virgil, 142, 46. As cava pi/nus -is tbe phrase in Virg., and the reading in

MS., according to Rudd., costhe ; it seems very doubtful what had been the word, as written by Doug. Bosse would have been most natural.

I gang ay fou clean and fou tosh, As a' the neighbours can tell.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 99. Sibb. mentions O.Fr. touse, clipped, polled, pared round.

Arm. touz-er is to cut, q. to make trim. But as Doss, S.O. is used as synon. with tosch, it may perhaps be allied to Belg. dos, array, doss-en, to clothe; transferred from neatness in clothing, to a trim appearance in whatever respect.

T O S H L Y , adv. Neatly ; trimly. *?. T O S C H E O D E R A C H E , s. The deputy of a Mair of fee ; also, the name given to the office itself, in our old laws. V. M A I R , M A I R E .

T O S H O C H , s. A comfortable-looking young person.*?. TOSIE, adj. 1. Tipsy, intoxicated in some degree, S.

synon. ree. See Sup 2. Intoxicating, S. A good true Scot, who kept a stabling there,— Frae be't he saw them, came within a blink, And brought them wealth of meat and tosie drink.

Hamilton's Wallace, p. 41. Mod. Sax. dosiy, giddy; Isl. dus, drunken. Su.G. dus

is used in relation to those who are addicted to tippling. Isl. tos-a, to babble, to talk idly ; tos, babbling.

TOSIE, TOZIE, adj. Warm and snug. *?. TOSILIE, TOZILIE, adv. Warmly and snugly. *?. TOSINESS, TOZINESS, S. Warmth and snugness. 8.

T O T T O U TOS O T , s. A n instrument of torture, anciently used in S. Perhaps for torturing the toes. »S.

TOSS, s. 1. A health proposed; a toast. 2. A celebrated beauty; one often given as a toast. *?.

7bTOST,».a. To tease; to vex. Also as E.v.To Toss. S. TOSTIT, T O S T E D , part. pa. 1. Tossed, used metaph. in regard to difficulties and opposition. *?. 2. A term vulgarly used, as signifying that one is op­pressed with severe affliction, S.B. *?.

TOT, s. A fondling name given to a child, S.

Wow, Jenny 1 can there greater pleasure be, Than see sic wee tots toolying at your knee ; When a' they ettle at, their greatest wish, Is to be made of, and obtain a kiss ?

Gentle Shep. Ramsay's Works, ii. 81. 0 waes me! for our blooming tots !

A. Douglas's Poems, p. 41. Perhaps contr. from totum, a terra often applied to a

child, from its diminutive size, in allusion to the Te-totum used by children ; or from S. tot, to totter, in allusion to the motion of children. V. T O Y T E . It may, however, be an ancient term, allied to Isl. tott-a, leviter sug-ere, applied to infants; G. Andr. p. 241, evidently akin to Teut. tote, mamilla.

To T O T , T O T about, v. n. 1. To move with short steps as a child does. 2. To move feebly in a tottering way. *?.

TbToTTiE, v. n. To move with short steps. V . T O D L E . *?. TOT, s. The haill tot. The whole of any number of objects. Also, the whole tot. 8.

7b T O T C H , a.a. l.To toss about. 2.To rock a cradle. *?. To T O T C H , v. n. To move quickly with short steps. *?. TOTCH, s. A sudden jerk. *?. To T O T H , T O A T H , V. a. To manure land by means of what is called a toth-fold. V. T A T H . *?.

TOTH, s. The manure made in this way. *?. TOTH-FOLD, T O T H - F A U L D , S. A n enclosure to keep in cattle during the night, that they may dung the field. *?.

TOTHIR, T O T H Y R , adj. 1. The other, S. pron. tither. The tothir twa fled to thar hors agayne.

Wallace, i. 416. MS. The tane the tothire wald have wndwne.

Wyntown, vii. 8. 76. Tother is used in the same sense O.E. Concupiscentia carnis men called the elder mayde, And Couetis of eyes called was the-tother.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 53, a. His sonnes thei ne Wald, the ton no the tother.

R. Brunne, p. 90. 2. The second.

For-thi haldis clerkis be thare sawe, That custwme is the tothir lawe.

Wyntown, viii. 4. 256. We still say, Custom's a second nature, Prov. S. Bot fra the stok down ewynlykly Discendand persownys lynealy In the tothir, or the thryd gre, Newu, or Pronevw suld be. Wyntown, viii. 3. 115.

Tother occurs in the same sense, R. Brunne, p. 169. At none the tother day thei sauh for in the se A grete busse & gay, fulle hie of saile was he.

3. It seems to be sometimes used indefinitely, in the sense of another, or posterior.

The Kyng apon the tothyr day Gan till his priwe menye say, &c.

Barbour, iv. 518. M S . Notwithstanding its resemblance to Gr. huree-o;, the V O L . II. 577

second, this seems merely other with t, or as some think, the, prefixed, after a vowel; like ta for a.

T O T T I E , adj. W a r m ; snug. Syn. Cosie. S. TOTTIS, s.

Na dentie geir this Doctor seikis; Of tottis russet his ryding breikis.

Legend Bp. St. Androis, Poems 16th Cent. p. 327. Perhaps q. taits, as denoting the refuse or coarsest locks

of wool ; Su.G. totte, a handful of flax or wool. To T O T T L E , v. n. 1. A term used to denote the noise made by any substance, when boiling gently, S.

In summer time a piece fat beef to tottle,— Some pocket-money; these can please my mind.

A. Nicol's Poems, 1739, p. 100. It is used, perhaps improperly, as a v. a. See Sup. Imprimis, then, a haggis fat, Weel tottl'd in a seething pat, Wi' spice an' ingans weel ca'd thro', Had help'd to gust the stirrah's mow.

V. TOD L E , V. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 78. 2. To purl; applied to a stream. V. TODLE. *?. To T O T T L E , v. n. To walk with short steps. *?. T O T U M , s. 1. The game of Te-totum; the small top used. 2. A term of endearment for a child. *?.

To TOUCH,* v. a. 1. Applied to an Act of Parliament, when it received the royalassent. 2.Tohurt; toinjure.

To T O U C H up, v. a. To animadvert upon. *?. TOUCHBELL.fi. An earwig. S. T O U C H E T (gutt.), s. A lapwing. V. TEUCHIT. *?. TOUCH-SPALE, s. An earwig. S. To T O V E , v. n. To talk familiarly, prolixly, and cheer­fully, S. To tove and crack, to carry on a free con­versation with great glee, without regard to the lapse of time; often applied to one whose animal spirits are elevated by strong drink. See Sup. It may be allied to Belg. toov-en, to tarry, Teut. toev-en,

prolixe accipere; Kilian. But it has great appearance of being originally the same with O.E. tave, insanire, delirare ; Jun. Etym. Germ, tob-en, Belg. doov-en, Alem. top-un, id.

ToviE.,adj. 1. Tipsy; a low term, synon. with Tosie,q.v. perhaps, q. loquacious, in consequence of drinking.

2. Babbling; talking in a silly and incoherent manner. 3. Comfortable ; warm; as, " A tovie fire." *?. To T O V E , v. n. To give forth a strong smoke when burning. Thus a thing is said to " tove and reek." 8.

To TOVIZE.v.a. Toflatter; tousecajoling language.*?. T O U K , s. A hasty pull; a tug, S.

" Scot, the word is used for a touch, pull; as, to take a touk of any thing, i. e. have a touch of it," Rudd.

Sibb. properly refers to A.S. teog-an, trahere. He also mentions Teut. tucken as synon. But it signifies to touch; also, to strike. W e may add Moes.G. tiug-a, Su.G. tog-a, trahere. It may be observed, however, that A.S. twicc-an, vellicare, precisely expresses the idea conveyed by ourterm.

To T U C K , v. a. To beat. " Aberdeen carefully caused tuck drums through the

town, charging all men to be in readiness with their best arms," &c. Spalding's Troubles, ii. 166.

To T O U K , T U C K , V. n. To emit a sound, in consequence of being beaten.

The armies met, the trumpet sounds, The dandring drums alloud did touk.

Battle Harlow, Evergreen, i. 85. " Trumpets sound, and drums tuck." Spalding's Troubles,

i. 167. V. the s. T O U K , S. 1. A stroke; a blow.

Hercules it smytis with ane mychty touk, 4D

T O U T O U

Apoun the richt half for to mak it jouk. Doug. Virgil, 249, 23.

2. Touk of drum, beat of drum, S. Gl. Sibb. <?ee Sup. In this sense, evidently from Teut. tuck-en, icere; as Sw.

trumbslag, drumming, from trumb, and slaa, to strike. T O U K , s. A n embankment to prevent the water from

washing away the soil. Syn. Hutch. S. T O U M , * . 1. A fishing line. V . T O M E . 2.The gossamer.*?. T O U M S , adj. Ropy ; glutinous. V. T O M E , V. S. T O U N , T O W N , S. Besides a city or large assemblage

of houses, this term is used to denote a farmer's steading, or a collection of dwelling-houses, however small, or even a single house. *?•

T O U N - G A T E , s. A street. *?. T O U N - R A W , s. The privilege of a Township. *?. TOUN'S-BAIRN, S. A native of the same town. *?. T O W N S H I P , S. A farm occupied by two or more neigh­

bouring farmers, in common, or in separate lots. *?. T O U N D E R , s. Tinder.

Than vp to Mars in hy we haistit vs, Wounder hote, and dryer than the founder. His face flammand, as fyre richt furious ; His host and brag mair aufull than the thunder, Maid all the heuin most like to schaik in sunder.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 238. Alem. tundere, Isl. tunthere, id. The term seems derived

from tinthra, Moes.G. tand-jan, A.S. tend-on, to kindle; whence also Teind, a spark, q. v.

T O U P , s. A foolish fellow. *?. To T O U R , v. n. Perhaps to go quickly; or to turn. *?. B Y T O U R , adv. Alternately; by turns. 8. TOUR, TOOR, s. A turf. *?. TOURBILLON, s. A whirlwind; a tornado. *?. TOURE , s. Turn'; course; in regular succession. *?. TOURKIN-CALF, TOURKIN-LAMB, S. A calf or lamb that wears the skin of an animal which is dead, that it may deceive the dam of the dead one, and be allowed to suck her. *?.

To TOUSE, v. a. To disorder; to dishevel. *?. TOUSIE, TOWZIE, adj. 1. Disordered ; dishevelled; as, a touzie head, one that has not been combed, S. Touslie is sometimes used, *?ee Sup.

2. Rough; shaggy, S. His breast was white, his towzie back Weel clad wi' coat o' glossy black.

V. TOUSLE. Burns, iii. 3. To TOUSS,v.a. 1. To confuse; to put in disorder; to rumple. 2. To handle roughly. V. T O U S L E . *?.

To T O U S L E , v.a. 1. To put into disorder; to dishevel; often, to rumple, S.

Frae Gudame's mouth auld warld tale they hear,— O' gaists that win in glen and kirk-yard drear, Whilk touzles a' their tap, and gars them shak wi fear.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 57. 2. To handle roughly, as dogs do each other.

With warwolfes and wild cats thy weird be to wander, Dragleit through dirty dubs and dykes, Tousled and tuggled with town tykes.

Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 16, Tussel is used for struggle, N. and S. of E. Grose, Prov.

Gl. This term is adopted by P. Pindar. Thus Envy, the vile Hag, attacks my rhymes, Swearing they shall not peep on distant times; But violent indeed shall be the tussel.

Royal Tour, Proem. It seems doubtful, if this has been formed from E, touse,

578

expl. " to pull, to tear, to haul, to drag;" Johns. Germ. tuselrn signifies to beat. But the S. term has more analogy to Isl. tusk-a, luctari, tusk, lucta lenis et jocosa, G. Andr. p. 243, as it is most generally used to express the disorder of one's dress, in consequence of playful or wanton strug­gling. It may be a dimin. from the Isl, »,, as the adj. is most commonly used, wanting the I. V. TAISSLE.

T O U S L E , T O U Z L E , S. Rough dalliance, S. For tho' I be baith blyth and canty, I ne'er get a touzk at a'.

R. Galloway's Poems, p. 214. To TOUSLE out, v. a. To turn out in a confused way. *?. TOUST, s. Perhaps a small tax on ships for towage. *?. TOUSTIE, adj. Irascible ; testy. *?. To T O U T , v. a. To sound a horn. V. TOOT. To T O U T , TO O T , v. n. To drink copiously; to take large draughts, S. pron. toot. See Sup.

They'll ban fu' sair the time That e'er they toutit aff the horn, Which wambles thro' their weym

Wi pain that day. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 52.

For now our gentles' gabbs are grown sae nice, At thee they toot, an' never spear m y price.

Ibid. p. 74. T O U T , S. 1. A copious draught, S. 2. A drinking match, S.B, Gl. Shirr. To T O U T aff, v. a. To empty the vessel from which one drinks; to drink its whole contents, *?.

To T O U T at, v. a. To continue to drink copiously. *?. To T O U T out, To T O U T U P out, v. a. Syn. To Tout aff. 8.

To TOUTLE, TOOTLE, V. n. To tipple. *?.

TOOTIE, s. A drunkard ; often, " A drucken tootie." S. TOUT, s. 1. A fit of illness ; an ailment of a transient kind, S. *?ee Sup.

Ir. tochd signifies a fit or trance. But our term greatly resembles the use of Belg. tocht, togt, wind, air; also, an expedition, a voyage. De togt van de dew, the wind that comes into the door. Zy_ had een zwaare togt, She had a sore bout; Sewel. It is often said, of one who has been pretty severely ill, He had a sair tout, S. 2. A transient displeasure; a fit of ill humour, Ang. *?ee Sup. It seems to be the same which was an­ciently written toit, toyt, expl. "freak," Gl. Everg,

Were he ay sae, he then wad ay be kind; But then anither tout may change his mind.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 42. To T O U T , T O W T , V. n. 1. To be seized with a sudden fit of sickness. 2. To be seized with a fit of ilbhumour. *?,

To T O U T , T O W T , v.a. 1. To toss; to put in disorder, S. To spill the bed it war a pene, Quod he, the laird wald not be fane To find it tomtit and ourtred. Chron. S. P- iii, 201.

2, Metaph. to throw into disorder by quibbling or litigation. " They came in a loving & well willing manner to en­

quire, but we perceive the purpose is but to canvass and tout our matters here a while, that hereafter men of litle skill and less conscience may decern into them as they please," &c. Mr. James Melvill's M S . Mem. p. 298. 3. To tease ; to vex, S.

This might seem allied to Isl. taatt-a, to tease (wool), Seren, vo. Tease; or Su.G. tugt-a, to chastise: But V. the s.

T O U T T I E , adj. 1. Throwing into disorder ; as, a touttit wind, a boisterous wind that tosses one who is ex­posed to it, S.

T O W T R A This is much the same with Belg. togtig, windy.

2. One whose temper is very irritable, who is easily put in disorder, S. 3. Subject to frequent ailments, 8. It may be observed that Belg. togt, which in sing, sig­

nifies air, wind, in pi. (togt-en) denotes the passions. Zyne togten bedwingen, to refrain one's passions; q. to dwang ane's touts, S.

T b T O U T H E R , v.a. To put into disorder. *?. TOU T H E R I E , adj. Disordered; confused; slovenly. *?. To T O U T L E , v. a. To put clothes in disorder, espe­cially applied to woollen clothes. *?.

T O W , s. 1. A rope of any kind ; as, the bell-tow, the rope for ringing a bell; the tows of a ship, the cables, *?.

His towes, I find, hes bene so fyne, For all the stormes hes bene sensyne, His schip come never on the schalde, But stack still on the ancker halde.

Legend Bp. St. Androis, Poems 16th Cent. p. 314. " The anchor-tow abideth fast within the vail." Ruther­

ford's Lett. Ep. 15. Su.G. tog, Isl. tog, taug, Belg. touw, restis, funis. Sw.

ankartog, a cable. Ihre derives tog from tog-a, ducere, as appearing properly to denote the ropes by which nets, and things of the same kind, are drawn. L.B. tugg-ae, ropes or harness, or traces for drawing.

Cowel, in like manner, dednces this from A.S. getog-an, to tug, or pull, or draw. Sibb. mentions toum as used in the same sense with

taw ; Sw. toem, habena. 2. A halter, S. See Sup.

And whoso yields alive, this tow portends, Streight must he hing, where did our dearest friends Who suffered for the truth.

Muses-Threnodie, p. 134. T O W A R , s. A ropemaker. *?.

T O W , s. 1. The inferior part of flax or hemp, rejected in the dressing. 2. That which especially occupies one's attention. To hae other Tow on one's Rock, to have business quite of another kind. S.

To TOW, v. n. To give way; to fail; to perish, S.B. It is used with respect to both persons and things. In the former acceptation it denotes death. Perhaps from Alem. douu-en, Su.G. do, to die.

T O W ALL ROSS. Meaning not clear. *?. TOWDY, s. The breech or buttocks. *?. To T O W E N , T O W I N , v.a. 1. To beat; to maul; to subdue by severe means. 8.

Ye towin'd him tightly; I commend ye for't; His bleeding snout gae me nae little sport.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 151. 2. To tame, especially by beating, sometimes pron. as Town ; as, to towin or town an unruly horse. 3. To tire; to weary out, 8. It may be allied to Su.G. toeg-a, to draw with a rope;

or to Isl. thion-a, laborare. It is in favour of the latter etymon, that town properly respects taming by means of hard work. See Sup.

TOWNIN', S. A drubbing, *?•

T O W E R I C K , T O W R I C K I E , fi. A summit, or any thing elevated, especially if on an eminence. *?.

TO W K . s . A bustle; a set-to. A tuck on a gown. 8. T O W L I E , s. A toll-keeper. 8. T O W L I N G , s. The signal given in a hive, for some time before the bees swarm. V. T O L L I N G , 8.

TOWMONDALL, s. A yearling. V. TOWMONTELL. S. TOWMONT, TOWMON, TOMOND, *. A year ; corr. of twelve-month, used in the same sense, S.

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An' young weel fill'd an' daft are, W h a winna be sae crous an' bauld For a lang towmont after.

Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 27. Till this time tomond I'se indent, Our claiths of dirt will sa'r.

Ramsay's Poems, i. 260. Towmon, Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 295.

T O W M O N T E L L , S. A cow of a year old, Ayrs. This term is also applied to colts. S.

TOWNIT.fi. The manufacturing of wool. *?. T O W N N Y S , pi. Tuns ; large casks or barrels.

Syne off he townnys the heids out strak; A foule melle than gan he mak,—Barbmr,v.40S.MS.

TOWT,*. A fit of illness. V. TOUT. *?.

T O W T H E R , s. A tussling. *?. TOXIE, TOXY, adj. Tipsy. *?.

Toxivim>, part. pa. Rendered tipsy; intoxicated. *?. TOZEE, TOSIE, s. The mark at which the stones are aimedintheamusementof Curling. The Cock, TheTee.

T O Z I E , adj. Tipsy; warm and snug. V. TOSIE. *?. T R A C E D , adj. Laced. A traced hat is a hat bound

with gold lace, S. Perhaps from Fr. tress-er, to weave, to twist.

To T R A C H L E , T R A U C H L E , V. a. 1. To draggle ; to

trail; to abuse from carelessness or slovenliness, S.

" That night the Laird—suffered the souldiers to come a land and ly all together to the number of thirteen score, for the most part young beardless men, silly, trauchled, and hungered." Mr. James Melvill's M S . Mem. p. 186. This respects some of the soldiers who sailed on board the Spanish Armada, 1587. It seems doubtful, whether it be allied to Belg. treyl-en,

trahere, whence E. trail; or formed from Teut. traegh-en, pigrescere, tardescere; Alem. dregel-en, per incuriam ali­quid perdere. 2. To dishevel.

" Hyr hayr, of the cullour of fyne gold, vas feltrit & trachlit out of ordour, hingand ouer hyr schuldirs." Compl. S. p. 106.

3. To drudge; to overtoil. I'm trachlit with sair wark, S.B. I am overfatigued with hard labour. See Sup.

4. A person is said to trauchle corn or grass, when he injures it by treading on it. *?. In this sense it would seem allied to Sw. traal-a, duro

labore exerceri. V. TARVEAL.

To T R A C H L E , V. n. To drag one's self onwards, when fatigued, or through a long road. *?,

TR A C H L E , * . Afatiguing exertion, especially in walking.*?. T R A C K , s. Feature ; lineament, S. Belg. trek, id. from

trekk-en, to delineate. It is evident that this v. has been formed from drag-a, to

draw. For what is delineation, but drawing in a metaph. sense ? Hence Draught is used as synon. with Track.

T R A C K , s. Course of time. E. Tract. *?. T R A C K - B O A T , s. 1. A boat used on a canal, S. 2. A

boat employed in fishing, or for dragging another. *?. Belg. trek-schuyt, id. from trekk-en, to draw, because it

is drawn by a horse. T R A C K - P O T , s. A tea-pot, S. i. e. a pot for masking, from Belg. trekk-en, to draw. De thee wordt getrekken; the tea is infused. See Sup.

T R A C T I U E , s. A treatise. This is the title of Mr. Quintine Kennedy's (Commen-

datar of the Abbey off Crosraguell) work.

T R A T R A

" Ane compendius Tractiue conforme to the Scripturis of almychtie God, ressoun, and authoritie, declaring the nerrest, and only way, to establische the conscience of ane christiane man in all materis (quhilks ar in debate) concerning faith and religioun;" A. 1558.

Fr. traiete, id. T R A D , s. Track ; course in travelling or sailing.

The Kyng hym-self in-to that quhyle Wytht hys nawyn, that sawfyd was, Wychtly wan owt of the presse, And tuk the se hamwart the way, Thare trad haldand til Orknay. Thare than tuk land Haco that Kyng.

Wyntown, vii. 10. 212. Mr. Macpherson refers to C.B. trawd, A.S. trode,

O.Dan, Isl. tradk. The latter is expl. by Verel. Vesti-giorum raultiplicata impressio. Isl. troeda, proprie terra, quod teratur et calcetur, G. Andr. p. 24). q. a beaten path ; from trod-a, to tread. To this Cumb. trod, a foot­path, evidently corresponds.

T R A D E S , s.pl. The designation given to the different bodies of craftsmen belonging to a borough. *?.

T R A D E S M A N , *. A handicraftsman in a borough. *?. T R A E , adj. Stubborn; stiff. 8. T R A F E Q U E , T R A F F E C K , S . Intercourse;familiarity.*?. T R A G , s. Trash; any thing useless or worthless. *?. T R A G E T , T R I G G E T , S. A trick; a deceit, S. triget,

Rudd. See Sup. Thou swelth deuourare of tyme vnrecouerabill,— Of thy traaetis quhat toung may tell the tribyll ?

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 98, 10. Rudd. derives it from Fr. trigaut, " a man that by tricks

or slights makes a business hard to be decided." Sibb. views it as a corr. of tragedy.

T R A Y , s. Trouble ; vexation ; loss. — H e tuk purpos for to rid With a gret ost in Scotland; For to weng him with stalwart hand, Off tray, of trawaill, and of tene, That done tharin till him had bene.

Barbour, xviii. 233. M S . They wirk him mekle tray and tene.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 154. st. 7. Treie, O.E. id. rendered by Hearne tryal, but not so

properly. Was neuer prince, I wene, that I writen of fond, More had treie & tene, than he had for his lond, In Scotlond & in Wales, in Gasconie also.

R. Brunne, p. 235. A.S, treg, trege, vexatio, contumelia, damnum; treg-ian,

vexare, Su.G. traeg-a, id. traege, Alem. trege, dolor. Isl. traeg-a, lugere.

To T R A IK, v.n. 1. To go idly from place to place, S. Hence trakit, sore fatigued ; perhaps implying that one

is also draggled. In winter now for purtith thou art trakit.

Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 54. st. 9. 2. To wander so as to lose one's self; chiefly applied to the young of poultry. *?.

Traikit-like expresses the appearance that one makes, when draggled and fatigued, in consequence of ranging about.

Belg. treck-en, vertreck-en, to travel, to engage in an ex­pedition. Sw. traek-a, niti, cum molestia incedere ; Seren. vo. Trace. The adj. might seem allied to Sw. traeck, dirt, filth; traeck-a, to dirty one's self.

To T R A I K after, v. a. To follow in a dangling way. *?. T R A I K , s. 1. A plague ; a mischief; a disaster ; ap­

plied both to things and persons. 580

Suddainlie ane cruel pest and traik, So that cornes and frutis gois to wraik, Throw the corrupit are, and cours of heuin, Ane dedelie yere, for wers than I can neuin, Fell in our membris with sic infectioun, Was na remede, cure, nor correctioun.

Doug. Virgil, 72, 5. Bot al this time I bid na mare, I wys, Saif that this wensche, this vengeabil pest or traik, Be bet doun dede by my' wound and scharp straik.

Ibid. 393, 49. It is sometimes used, in profane language, like meikk

Sorrow, apparently as a designation for the devil. The meikle Trake come o'er their snouts.—

A. NicoTs Poems, 1739, p. 22. From the same origin with Tray, q. v.

2. The loss of sheep, &c. by death from whatever cause.*?. 3. The flesh of sheep that have died of disease or by accident, S. See Sup.

4. The worst part of a flock of sheep. *?. To T R A I K , V. n. To be in a declining state of health.

It is said of one, who is very durable ; " He's the gear that winna traik ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 33. If I mistake not, this Prov. is also applied to one, who is of so little use to society, that his death would not be regretted; as it is generally supposed that persons of this description survive others whose lives are far more valuable, " The English bodies could not endure to be prisoned

in ships.—Had we in time foreseen to have fortified Inch-keith and Inchcolm, as we did thereafter Inchgarvie, they could not have lain- in our frith one month ; yet, notwith­standing of all the comfort the air and water of these isles could furnish them, many of them died; and when they went home, the most part of all who remained traiked pitifully." Baillie's Lett. i. 166.

This might seem allied to Su.G. trak-a, cum difficultate progredi; tra, viribus defici. But it is most probable, that the v. has been formed from the s., the idea being trans­ferred from sheep to men.

T R A I K , adj. W e a k ; in a declining state. *?. T R A I L , s. A term of reproach for a dirty woman. *?. T R A I L I E , T R A I L O C H , S. One who trails about in shabby

or dirty clothes. 8. T R A I L E R , s. The hook at the end of the line, in fly­

fishing. That above it is called the Bobber. S. T R A I L Y E , T R E L Y E , s. Cloth woven in some checkered

form resembling lattices or cross-bars, *?. T R A I L Y E I T , adj. Latticed. *?. T R A I L S Y D E , adj. So long as to trail on the ground.

In robbis lang also or trailsyde goune With thame he ioned oratouris in fere.

V. S Y D E . Doug. Virgil, 466, 9. To T R A Y N , v. a. T o draw; to entice.

The Lord Douglas towart thaim raid; A gowne on his armur he haid; And trawersyt allwayis wp agayn, Thaim ner his bataillis for to trayn.

Barbour, xix. 354. M S . Fr. train-er, to draw.

TRA I N . S . Arope used for drawing, Orkn. fromFr.train-er. " The harrows are drawn side-ways by a train or side

rope, (like that used in a plough,) fastened at each end." P. St. Andrews, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xx. 260.

TRA1S OF G O L D . Gold lace. *?. To TRAISSLE, v. a. To tread down. To Traissle corn, to make small roads through growing corn. *?.

To TRAIST, TREST, TREIST, V. a. 1. To trust. So that the ford buke of Eneadoun,

T R A T R A Twiching the luf and dede of Dido quene, The tua part of hys volume doth contene, That in the text of Virgill, traistis me, The tuelf part skars contenis, as ye may se.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 6, 10, i. e. Believe me, in the imperat. Thocht thow be greit like Gowmakmorne, Traist weill I sail yow meit the morne.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. i. 158. Gude maister, I wald speir at you ane thing, Quhar trest ye sail I find yone new maid king ?

Ibid. ii. 158. " Quhar for I treist that his diuine iustice vii permit

sum vthir straynge natione to be mercyles boreaus to them, ande til extinct that fals seid ande that incredule genera-tione furtht of rememorance." Compl. S. p. 41. 2. v.n. T o pledge faith, by entering into a truce.

Syne thai traist in the feild, throw trety of trew : Put up thair brandis sa braid, burly and bair.

Gawan and Gol. iv. 10. Isl. treist-a, Su.G. traest-a, Germ, trost-en, confidere. As the Isl. and Su.G. verbs signify both to dare, and to

trust, this points out the radical affinity between durst, the pret. of dare, and trust. What is daring, but confiding in one's own strength, or means of defence; and what is trusting to another, but daring to depend on him ? Ihre has accordingly observed, that the various Nor­

thern verbs, signifying to trust, seem all to conspire in Su.G. toeras, audere ; and that jag toers, and jag troester, equally mean, J dare. It is singular, he adds, that the same metathesis, which is observable in the letters here, may be traced to a very early period. The Greeks pro­miscuously use 8ct{>ij6g (from 6»q^-uv) and ()(>itaos, audacia ; iaetrvva and Soxavva, audacem reddo. H e also refers to Moes.G. thrafst-jan, to trust, as bearing an obvious ana­logy to daur-an, to dare, whence ga-daurst-an, he durst, audebat. V. TRAIST, adj.

TRAIST, T R E S T , S. Trust; faith ; assurance. Gif outhir wit or fame

Or traist may be geuin to Helenus the prophete, Or gif with verite Phebus inspiris his sprete, This ane thinge, son of tbe goddes, I the teiche, &c.

Doug. Virgil, 82, 37. " God turnit the hazard of fortoune, and tuke vengeance

on Xerxes gryt pryde, quhilk suld be ane gryt exempil til al princis, that thai gyf nocht there trest in ane parti­cular pouer of multiplie of men, bot rathere to set there trest in God." Compl. S. p. 123.

Isl. traust-r. Su.G. troest, fiducia. T R A I S T , T R A I S T Y , adj. 1. Trusty ; faithful.

Till Erie Malcolme he went vpon a day, The Lennox haile he had still in his hand ; Till King Eduuard he had nocht than maid band. That land is strait, and maisterfull to wyn ; Gud men of armyss that tyme was it within. The lord was traist, the men sekyr and trew; With waik power thai durst him nocht persew.

Wallace, iv. 161. M S . — W e him gaif ansuere not traist ynouch, Astonyst with the word abak he dreuch.

Doug. Virgil, 51, 44. Be al Eneas destaneis I swere, His traisty fayth, or rycht hand into were Sa vailyeant at vnset and defence. Ibid. 213, 37.

Treist is used by R. Brunne, p. 175. Your wille is euer so gode, & your treuth so treist, Your douhtynesse of blode the Sarazins saile freist.

Isl. traust-r, fidus, fidelis, Su.G. troest, Germ, trost, id. 2. Confident.

581

Thai tuk to consaill that thai wald Thair wayis towart Coigneris hald; And berbery in the cite ta. And than in gret hy thai haf don sua; And raid be nycht to the cite. Thai fand thair of wittaill gret plente ; And maid thaim rycht mery cher, For all traist in the toun thai wer.

Barbour, xiv. 466. M S . Germ, treist, triest, Su.G. troest, audax, intrepidus.

3. Secure; safe. — A n d gert dyk thaim sa stalwartly, That quhill thaim likyt thar to ly, Thai suld for owt the traister be.

Surer, Edit. 1620. Barbour, xvii. 273. M S . T R A I S T , * . A n appointed meeting.

Syn to the traist that thaim was set Thai sped thaim, with thair cumpany.

V. TRYST. Barbour, vii. 280. M S . T R A I S T I S , s.pl. A roll of the accusations brought against

those who, in former times, were to be legally tried. " It is thocht expedient,—that in tyme tocum, quhen

the Crownar resaiffis his portewis & traistis, that thair be ony parsounis contenit in the samin, that will disobey him, that he dar not, nor is not of powar to arreist, in that caise the Crownar sail pas to the Lord & Barrone of the Barronie, quhair that persoun or persounis dwellis and inhabitis." Acts, Ja. III. 1487. c. 119, Ed. 1566. " Traistis—signifies ane roll or catalogue, conteinand

the particular dittay, taken vp vpon malefactoures, quhilk with the portuous is delivered be the justice Clerke to the Crowner, to the effect the persons, quhais names ar conteined in the portuous, may be attached conforme to the dittay, conteined in the traistis. For like as the por­tuous comprehends the names of the persons indited : swa the traistis conteinis the kindes of dittay, given vp vpon them : quhilk is swa called, because it is committed to the traist, faith and credit of the clerkes and crowner, quha gif they be trustie, & faithfull, suld nocht reveale, deleete, change, or alter the samin. Jam. 2. par. 6. c. 28." Skene, Verb. Sign, in vo.

T R A I S T L Y , adv. Confidently; securely. Ga we, and wenge sum off the dispyte, And that may we haiff done alss tite; For thai ly traistly, but dreding Off ws, or off our her cummyng.

Barbour, v. 81. M S . T R A I S T , s. The frame of a table. V. T R E S T . T R A Y T , s. Bread of trayt, a superior kind of bread

made of fine wheat. " They make not all kindes of bread, as law requyres ;

that is ane fage, symmell, wastell, pure cleane breade,— and bread of trayt." Chalm. Air, c. 9. s. 4. Panem de trayt, Lat. " In the Stat. 5. Hen. 3. Bread of treete seems to be that

bread which was made of fine wheat," Cowel. H e derives it from Lat. triticum, wheat.

Panis de Treyt duos wastellos ponderabit, et panis de omni blado ponderabit ii coket. Fleta, Lib. 2. c. 9.

T R A I T 1 S , s.pl. Apparently, draughts, lines, or streaks. T R A K I T , part. pa. 1. Sore fatigued. V. T R A I K , V. n. 2. Wasted ; in a declining state from being overdriven, starved, or exposed to the inclemency of the weather. *?.

T R A M , fi. 1. The shaft of a cart, or carriage of any kind, S.

I wald scho war, bayth syde and bak, Weill batterit with a barrow tram.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 93.

T R A T R A

Nor is the naig the worse to draw A wee while in the trams. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 360.

Su.G. traam, that part of a pretty long tree, which is cut into different portions, that it may be more conve­niently inserted in a plough; Ihre. Germ, tram, a tree, also, a beam. Hence the forensic term tram-recht, the liberty of inserting a roof into a wall belonging to a neigh­bour. Moes.G. thrams, a tree.

2. A beam or bar. " By order, the hangman brake his sword between the

crosses of Aberdeen, and betwixt the gallows trams stand­ing there." Spalding's Troubles, i. 290. 3. Used metaph., in a ludicrous sense for leg or limb ; as, lang trams, long limbs, S.

T R A M A L T NET, corr. from E. trammel. Into thair tramalt net, thay fangit ane fische, Mair nor ane quhale, worthy of memorie : Of quhom thay haue had mony dainty dische, Be quhome thay ar exaltit to greit glorie, That maruellous monstour callit Purgatorie.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 136. T R A M O R T , s. A corpse ; a dead body,

Thair wes with him an ugly sort, And mony stinkand fowl! tramort.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 29. V. also p. 94. The last part of the word is undoubtedly from Fr. mort,

dead, or Germ, mord, death. Su.G. tra, signifies to consume, to rot, tabescere; q. a dead body in a state of consumption.

To T R A M P , v.a. 1. To trample ; to tread with force, S. Behald, how your awin brethren now laitly In Dutchland, Ingland, Denmark and Norroway, Ar trampit doun with thair hypocrisie, And as the snaw ar moltin clene away.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 75. Sw. trampa pa, conculcare. Belg. tramp-en, pedibus

proculcare ; Moes.G. anatramp, they pressed upon him, Luk. v. 1. " Tramp on a snail, and she'll shoot out her horns;"

Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 30., a proverb founded on the vul­gar idea, that the telescopical eyes of the snail are horns. 2. To tread, in reference to walking, S.

Frae this the human race may learn Reflection's honey'd draps to earn; Whether they tramp life's thorny way, Or thro' the sunny vineyard stray.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 32. To T R A M P , V. n. 1. To tread with a heavy step, S.

Su.G. tramp-a, cum pedum aliqua supplosione incedere. 2. To walk ; as opposed to any other mode of travel­ling ; a low sense, S.

I've trampit mony a weary fit, And mony a tumble did I get, Sin I set out fra hame, jo.

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 237. 3. To cleanse clothes by treading on them in water. *?.

T R A M P , S. 1. The act of striking the foot suddenly downwards, S.

2. The tread, properly including the idea of weight; as the trampling of horses. 3. The act of walking ; a pedestrian expedition. S.

If haply knowledge, on a random tramp, Had shor'd them with a glimmer of his lamp,— Plain, dull Simplicity stept kindly in to aid them.

Bums, iii. 58. T R A M P , S. A plate of iron worn by ditchers below the

centre of the foot, for working on their spades. *?. To T R A M P CLAISE. T O wash clothes by treading, or tramping them in a tub. S

582

To T R A M P on one's T A E S . Metaphorically, to take un­due advantage of one. *?.

T R A M P - C O L L , S. A number of colls or cocks of hay put into one, and tramped hard, *?.

T R A M P E R , S. A foot-traveller ; a vagrant. *?. T R A M P - P I C K , S. A n iron instrument resembling a very

narrow spade, used for turning up hard soils. *?. T R A M P I L F E Y S T , adj. Untoward; unmanageable. *?. T R A N C E , T R A N S E , S. 1. A passage within a house, S.

" A passage from a staircase." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 169. H e derives it from Lat. trcmsitus. Perhaps it is rather immediately from the v. transire, to pass.

2. A close or passage without a house. 3, A close or passage from one alley to another. 4. Also used metaph. " If death—were any other thing but a friendly dissolu­

tion, and a change, not a destruction of life, it would seem a hard voyage to go through such a sad and dark trance,— as is the wages of sin." Rutherford's Lett. P. ii. ep. 47.

T R A N S E - D O O R , S. The door in a transe or passage. *?. T R A N S I N G , adj. Passingacrossahouse fromwall to wall.*?. To T R A N E , v. n. To go from home ; to travel.

Remane ye, or trane ye, On fee so far of schore ?

BureVs Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 52. Su.G. tren-a, incedere, gressus facere; trant, incessus;

O.Teut. trant, gressus, gradus; trant-en, gradi lente\ T R A N G A M , s. A trinket; a toy. *?. T R A N K L E , s. A small rick of hay. *?.

To TRANONT, TRANOYNT, TRANOWNT, TRANENT, T R A W Y N T , v.n. 1. To march suddenly in a clandestine manner; often, to steal a march under night. See8.

And quhen he hard the certante, That in Glentrewle wes the King, And went till hunt, and till playing, He thoucht, with hys chewalry, To cum apon him sodanly. And fra Carlele on nychtis ryd : And in cowert on dayis bid. And swagate, with syk tranenting, He thoucht he suld suppryss the King.

Barbour, vii. 508. MS. It discomfortyt thaim alsua, That the King, with hys mengne, was All armyt to defend that place, That thai wend, throw thar trauenting, Till haiff wonyn, for owtyn fechting.

Ibid. vii. 608. MS. King Robert, that had witteryng then That he lay thar with mekill mycht, Tranountyt swa on him a nycht, That be the morn that it wes day, Cummyn in a plane fold war thai, Fra Biland bot a litill space. Ibid, xviii. 360. MS. Til Anand in a tranowntyng Thai come on thame in the dawyng.

Wyntown, viii, 26. 357. As be relevit was, so wes he ever than, Off a wycht him allane, wirthy and wicht, Circlit with Sarazenis mony a sad man, That tranoyntit with a trane upoun that trew Knycht.

In printed copy, trawyntit. Houlate, ii. 16. MS. 2. To march quickly, without including the idea of stratagem or secrecy.

The scry sone raiss, the bauld Loran was dede. Schyr Garrat Heroun tranontit to that stede, And all the host assemblit him about.

Wallace, iv. 672. MS.

T R A T R A 3. To return, to turn back-

Thir ladyis feistit according thair estait, Uprais at last, commandand till tranoynt. Retreit was blawn loude, &c.

Police of Honour, ii. 52. Wallace tranoyntyt on the secund day, Fra York thai passyt rycht in a gud aray; North-west thai past in battaill buskyt boun, Thar lugeyng tuk besyd Northallyrton.

Wallace, viii. 567. M S . Than Wallace said, W e will pass ner Scotland, Or ocht be seld ; and tharfor mak ws boun : Agayn we will besid Northallyrtoun, Quhar King Eduuard fyrst battaill hecht to me.— Apon the morn, the ost, but mar awyss, Tranountyt north apon a gudlye wyss.

Ibid viii. 1560. M S . It is used in the same sense, as denoting a retrograde

march, Ibid. ii. 52. M S . tranoyntyt. Mr. Macpherson says; " Travent or tranoint in B. Harry

— seems a different word." But there appears to be no ground for this idea. The passages he refers to, are these quoted above. Could we suppose travent, or trawynt, the original orthography, the term would in form much re­semble Teut. trouwant-en, otiose vagari; Fr. truand-er, to beg, to play the rogue; from Teut. trouwant, Germ.drabant, satelles, stipator, a retainer. But what affinity would there be in signification, unless we supposed that the reference were to the clandestine arts* practised by such wanderers ? It seems rather .connected with Fr. traine, a snare, an ambush; especially from their being conjoined in the pas­sage quoted from the Houlate.

T R A N O W I N T Y N , S. A stratagem of war; without any

regard to marching. W e ar the fox: and thai the fyscher, That stekis forouth ws the way. Thai wene we may na.get away, Bot rycht quhar thai ly.— —Our fayis for this small tranowintyn Wenys weill we sail prid us swa, That we planely on hand sail ta To giff thaim opynly battaill: Bot at this tyme thair thoucht sail faill.

Barbour, xix. 694. M S . To T R A N S E , v. n. To determine ; to resolve.

Perplexit and vexit Betwixt honp and dispair, Quhyls transing, quhyls pansing How till eschew the snair.

Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 48. i. e. N o w resolving, then hesitating. Fr. tranch-er, decider, parler franchement, ou avec auto-

rite. Mlico, praecisique decernere, statuere; Diet. Trev. Fr. transe, denotes extreme fear. But the former sense seems preferable, as retaining the contrast, which occurs in the preceding lines.

To T R A N S M E W , v. a. To transmute or change. *?. T R A N S M O G R I F I C A T I O N , s. Transmutation. *?. To T R A N S M U G R I F Y , v. a. To transform ; to trans­mute ; a ludicrous and low word, S.

See social life and glee sit down, All joyous and unthinking,

Till quite transmugrify'd, they're grown, Debauchery and drinking. Burns, iii. 115.

To T R A N S P O R T , * v. a. To translate a minister from one charge to another, S. " Actual ministers, when transported, are not to be

tryed again, as was done at their entry to the ministery." Stewart's Collect. B. i. Tit. 2, § 11.

583

To an English ear this seems a very odd use of the word. T R A N S P O R T A T I O N , * . The act of translating a minister, S.

" That in all Transportations in time coming, previous enquiry be made if there be a legal stipend and a decreet therefore, in the Parish craving the Transportation." Acts 5. Ass. 1702.

T R A N S S , s. Supposed to be a species of dance an­ciently in use.

He playit sa schill, and sang sa sweit, Quhill Towsie tuik ane transs. Chr. Kirk, st. 6.

Callander views it as what the Scots call, " reel, a train, Belg. trein." But the passage may have been misunder­stood. Quhill does not signify while, during, but till. Might it signify, " He continued his exquisite melody, till it cast Towsie into a trance ?'

T R A N S U M P T , s. A copy; a transcript. *?. T R A N T L E , s. The rut made by a cart wheel, when

it is deep. This is denominated the trantle of tke wheel, Ang.

TRANTLE-HOLE, S. A place into which odd, broken, or useless things are thrown. V. TRANTLES. *?.

TRANTLES, TRITLE-TRANTLUS, TRANTLIMS, S. pi. 1. Trifling or superstitious ceremonies.

These I shall Call act's that's prefer Scriptural. And such are baptizing of bells, Hallowing altars, kirks and cells;— For to impose gray gowns, or mantles, Or ony such base tritle traniks.

Ckland's Poems, p. 88. 2. Movables of little value; petty articles of furniture; sometimes, accoutrements, S.

I came fiercelings in, And wi' my trantlims, made a clattering din.

Ross's Helenore, p. 37. 3. Toys used by children, S. Loth, trantles.

There seems little reason to doubt that these are only secondary senses of a term originally used to denote one of the Popish services. This contemptuous application might be introduced after the Reformation, from a con­viction of the unprofitable and trivial nature of the employ­ment. It is printed trantals, Evergreen, ii. 8, st. 12, and expl. in the Gl. by nig-nays, a S. word nearly allied in sense to trantles as now understood. V. TRENTALIS. Patter, pattering, pitter-patter, &c. have had a similar origin.

T R A P , s. A sort of ladder, a movable flight of wooden steps, S, Sw. trappa, Teut. trap, gradus.

To T R A P , v.a. l.To correct in saying a lesson in a class at school, so as to have a right to take the place of the boy who is corrected. 2. In play to catch hold of; as, I trap you. 3. In finding any thing while others are present, if the finder exclaims / trap, or I trapse this, he means to exclude the rest from any share of it. *?.

T R A P - C R E E L , s. A basket for catching lobsters, &c.*?. T R A P P Y S , s. pi. Trappings.

Off saffroun hew betuix yallow and rede Was his ryche mantil, of quham the forbreist lappys,

. Ratlyng of brycht gold wyre wyth gyltyn trappys ; Of cordis fyne was buklyt wyth ane knot.

Doug. Virgil, 393, 10. L.B. trap-us, Hisp. trop-o, cloth.

T R A P P O U R I S , T R A P O U R I S , S. pi. Trappings;phalerae,

ornamenta equestria. Syne cummis sum, and in the fyre dois fling— Brydyllis and al thare stedis trappouris fare.

Doug. Virgil, 367, 47.

T R A T R A

v.

i. 5.

*?. *?.

Rudd. derives this from Fr. draperie,—from drap, cloth. Although these terms are radically the same; this is more nearly allied to L.B. trappatura, ornatus e trapo seu panno amplum equi stratum undique defluens. D u Cange. TR A P P Y S .

T R A S , s. The tract of game. The kyng blew rechas, And followed fast on the tras.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal, Fr. trace, id. Trasses, the footing of a deer.

To T R A S H , v. a. To maltreat; to dash ; to jade. T R A S H 6 weet. A heavy fall of rain. Syn. Blash. TRASHIE, adj. Abounding with rain. Trashie weather. S. TRASHTRIE.fi. Trash. 8. TRAST, TREST, «. A beam.

Wallace gert wrychtis call, H ewyt trastis, wndid the passage all. Sa tha sam folk he send to the depford, Gert set the ground with scharp spykis off burd.

Wallace, x. 40. M S . In Perth Edit, it is,

He with crafts undid In common editions,

And with craftsmen, &c. H i m selff wndyr he ordand thar with all,

B o w n d on the trest in a creddill to sit, To louss the pyne quhen Wallace leit him witt.

Wallace, vii. 1158. M S . Hamilton retains this term.

Caus'd saw the boards immediately in two, By the mid trest, that none might over goe.

Wallace, p. 168. But in M S . it is clearly hewyt trastis, i. e. caused beams

to be hewed ; from Fr. trattes, which seems to have been anciently written trastes, thus defined, Diet. Trev. Terme de charpenterie, qui se dit de gross pieces de hois de trois toises de long, et de 10 pouces de gros, posees au dessus de la chaise, d'un moulin a, vent, et qui portent sa cage. Tigna majora.

T R A T , T R A T T E S , S. A n old woman; a term generally used in contempt, S. Chaucer, trate, E. trot.

Out on the, auld trat, agit wyfFe or dame, Eschames ne time in roust of syn to ly ?

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 96, 28. Thus said Dido, and the tothir with that Hyit on furth with slaw pase lik ane trat.

Ibid. 122,39. Alecto hir thrawin vissage did away, All furius membris laid apart and array, And hir in schape transformyt of ane trat, Hir forrett skorit with runkillis and mony rat; And with ane vaile ouer sprede hir lyart hare, Ane branche of oliue thareto knittis yare : Of Junois tempil semyt scho to be The Nun and trattes, clepit Calybe. Ibid. 221, 39.

Trat, according to Sibb., is " one who has trotted, or trudged about for a long time. Teut. trat, gressus; tratt-en, gradi." This idea is borrowed from Jun. Etym. Su.G. tratt-a signifies, to go with short steps like a child. But the etymon given by Rudd., in his Addenda, has

greater probability. " Goth, drotta, domina, Teut. truhtin, dominus, whence Dr. Hickes derives the Ital. drudo, amasia, concubina."

It must be observed, however, that in signification it is more clearly connected with some other terms proceeding from the same stock; Isl. draett-ur; Su.G. drott, a servant, whence kirkiudrott, oeconomus templi, corresponding to kirkiuwaerjande, which seems nearly the same with church­warden, E. There is an obvious analogy between this

584

designation, and that given by Doug, to Calybe, whom he calls " the nun and trattes of Junois tempil."

Some have viewed the term as allied to Germ, drutte, a witch; saga, mulier fatidica; trot, a woman, an old woman, a witch. Wachter thinks that the latter was a designation originally given to any woman, afterwards restricted to those that were decrepit with age; and hence transferred to witches, because the vulgar generally im­puted the crime of witchcraft to old women. Keysler, having made the same observation, in reference to E. trot, derives it from Drut, a female Druid. Antiq. Septent. pp. 503, 504.

The word waltrot occurs in P. Ploughman, although overlooked both by Skinner and Junius; and might be viewed as favouring the latter etymon.

— " Patriarks & Prophets haue preched here often, That man shall mau saue throughe a womans helpe, And that was tynt through tree, tree shall it wynne; And that dethe downe brought, deth shall relieue." ' That thou tellest,' quod Truth, ' is but a tale of

waltrot; ' For Adam and Eue, Abraham and other ' Patriarkes and Prophetes yet in payne liggen,' &c.

Fol. 99, a. This term, I strongly suspect, has some affinity. Isl.

Vala, Volua, is the name of a certain Sibyl, says G. Andr., whence Voluspa, Sibyllinum vaticinium. Thus waltrot may signify, an old woman's fable.

I shall only add, that, according to some writers, Isl. troda denotes a woman, in general; foemina, Gl. Gunnlaug. vo. Lins-troda. G. Andr. however, says that they err who view this term, when standing singly, as signifying a

. woman ; p, 241, 242. T R A T L A R , s. A prattler; a tattler. *?. To T R A T T I L , T R A T L E , V. n. 1. T o prattle ; to tattle. " A tume purse maks a trattling merchant." See Snp.

The Kyng thus answeryd to thaim then, ' Thare modris has tynt thame, and noucht I. Yhe rawe, and tratelys, all foly."

Wyntown, vii. 10. 360. But wist thir folkis that uthir demis, H o w that thair sawis to uthir semis, Thair vicious wordis and vanitie, Thair trailing tungis that all furth temis, Sum wald lat thair deming be.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 63. Thair honestie sa justifie thai wald, [As suld] thame schame till lie that war so bald; And gar thi grace sa ken the veritie, That thow suld than for honest men thame hald; And tratlane toungs have [na mair] leif to lie.

Maitland Poems, p. 344. 2. T o repeat in a rapid and careless manner; nearly synon. with patter.

And with greit blis bury w e sal your banis, Sine Trentallis twenty trattil al at anis.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 208. Allied perhaps to Su.G. traet-a, detrectare. The idea of Mr. Pinkerton, that the term, as used Maitl.

P., signifies to asperse is highly probable. Junius refers to C.B. tryd-a?; to prattle.

Trittell trattell, pshaw, expressive of contempt; tutie-tatie, synon.

DU. Better bring hir to the leichis heir. Fol. Trittell trattell! sche m a not steir.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 88. T R A T T I L S , s.pl. Trattles, idle talk.

" The Earl of Douglas, hearing this, gave oversoon credit to the wicked false reports of an idle lown, that had no other shift to conquess his living with, except vain

T R E T R E trattils, to sow discord among noblemen." Pitscottie's Hist. p. 36. V. tbe v.

To TRAUCHLE, v. a. V. TRACHLE. *?. To TRAUCHLE, V. n. To walk as if trailing one's feet after one. *?.

TRAVELLER,* s. A beggar. ,?. TRAVERSE, s. A retired seat in a chapel, having a kind of screen. V. TREVISS, sense 2. *?.

TRAVESSE, s. V. TREVISS,

To TRAVISCH, TRAVISH, V. n. To sail, or go, back­wards and forwards ; from Fr. traverser. *?.

To TRAVISH, v. a. To carry after a trailing manner. *?. TRA W A R T , adj. Perverse.

Sic eloquence as they in Earsry use, In sic is set thy trawart appityte.

V. T H R A W A R T . Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 53.

TRAWYNTIT. V. TRANONT. T R A Z I L E Y S , s. pi. The props of vines.

Furth of fresche burgeouns the wyne grapis ying, Endland the frazileys dyd on twistis hing.

Doug. Virgil, 400, 50. Fr. treillis, a latticed frame for supporting vines; Rudd.

This may be viewed as the origin, if the g should, as I suspect, be read y. If otherwise, perhaps rather from L.B. trestell-us, fulcrum mensae, but used in a general sense for a prop.

TRE.fi. Wood; timber. *?. To T R E A D L E , v. n. To go frequently and with diffi­culty, Fife; the idea being perhaps borrowed from the treadle of a loom.

TREAD-WIDDIE.fi. Thesame with Trodwiddie,q.v.S. TREB, s. A sort of rampart. *?. T R E B U S C H E T , s. A balance. *?. TRECK, interj. A n expletive equivalent to Troth. 8. TRECK-POT, T R A C K - P O T , S. A tea-pot. *?.

To TRED, v. a. To track; to follow the footsteps of an animal. T R E D , s. The act of tracking. *?.

T R E D W A L L E , s. A christian name once in use. *?. T R E D W I D D I E , *. The same with Trodwiddie, q. v. *?. TREE, s. A barrel, S.

" Gif ony fische, salmound, hering, or keling, beis found in sic barrellis vnmarkit, the samin to be escheit, and sic-lyke the tume treis; that ane half to our Souerane Lord, and the vther to the toune." Acts, Ja. V. 1540, c. 90. Edit. 1566. i. e. Empty barrels. " Thir great barrelles ar called Hamburg trees." Skene,

Verb. Sign. vo. Seiplaith. " That no barrel be sooner made, — but the Coupers

birn be set thereon, — in testimony of the sufficiency of the tree." Acts, Cha. II. 1661, c. 33. This is a Su.G. idiom. Trae denotes a barrel used as

a dry measure. Accipitur pro mensura aridorum. Hinc habemus spiltrae, dolium ex assulis confoctum ad conti-nenda arida ; Ihre. In the passage first quoted, it in like manner denotes

a barrel used for a dry measure. But it also signifies a measure of liquids. A barrel for containing ale is vulgarly called a tree ; as, a ten gallon tree, a twenty gallon tree, S. A.S. aescen, a pail, and Isl. ask-?; a measure of liquids,

seem likewise to derive their names from A.S. aesc, Isl. ask-r, the ash tree, as having been originally made of this wood.

T R E E and T R A N T E L . A piece of wood that goes behind a horse's tail, for keeping back the sunks or sods, used instead ofa saddle. This is fastened by a

V O L . II. 585

cord on each side, and used instead ofa crupper; but reaching farther down, to prevent the horse from being tickled under the tail; Perths.

T R E E - C L O U T , *. A heel ofa shoe, made of wood. *?. T R E E - C L O U T , adj. Having wooden heels. *?. To T R E E S H with one. To entreat one in a kind of ^ flattering way; to court one. s.

T R E E S H I N , S. Courting. g

T R E E V O L I E , s. A scolding. s. T R E G A L L I O N , fi. 1. Collection; assortment. The haill tregallion, the whole without exception, Dumfr. See 8.

2. A company, used in contempt of such as are not accounted respectable. s. If we might suppose that this term had been originally

used to denote a measure of liquids, we might view it as allied to Isl. try gill, parva trua.from trog,trua,l\nter. See S.

TRElLlE,adj. Crossbarred; chequered; applied to cloth. T R E I N , T R E N E , adj. Wooden, treein, S. as, a treein

leg, a wooden leg. See Sup. " Thay spulyeit the eucarist out of the cais of siluer,

quhair it hang, & kest it in ane trein kist." Bellend. Cron. B. xiv. c. 15. In ligneam pydixem; Boeth.

Ane trene truncheour, ane ramehorne spone. Bannatyne Poems, p. 160.

Lord Hailes renders this spout; but on what ground I cannot conceive. It evidently means a wooden plate.

A.S. treowen, arboreus, ligneus, from treo, arbor. This word was used by E. writers, so late as the time of Camden. " Sir Thomas Rokesby being controlled for first suffer­

ing himselfe to be serued in treene cuppes, answered; These homely cups and dishes pay truely for that they containe; I had rather drinke out of treene, aud pay gold and siluer, than drink out of gold and siluer, and make wooden payment." Remains, p. 354. Hence,

T R E I N M A R E . A barbarous instrument of punishment,

formerly used in the army ; E. the wooden horse. " He caused big up a trein mare at the cross for punish­

ing the trespassing soldiers according to the discipline of war." Spalding's Troubles, i. 243. It is called a timber mare, ibid. p. 227. V. Grose's Milit. Hist. ii. 106.

T R E I N P H I S S , s. pi. Perhaps, wooden traces. *?. To T R E I S S L E , v. a. To abuse by treading, Loth.

apparently a frequentative from the E. v. To T R E I T , T R E T E , V. a. To intreat.

Giftis fra sum ma na man treit; In geving sould Discretioun be.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 48. Saynt Adaman, the haly man, Come til hyme thare, and fermly Mad spyrytuale band of cumpany, And tretyd hym to cum in Fyfe, The tyme to dryve oure of hys lyfe.

Wyntown, v. 12. 1168. O.Fr. traict-er, id. Lat. tract-are.

T K E Y T E R , s. A messenger for treating of peace. Schyr Alexander off Arghile, that saw The King destroy wp clene and law His land; send treyteris to the King; And come his mau but mar duelling.

V. the v. Barbour, x. 125. MS. T R E I T C H E O U R E , s. A traitor ; Fr. tricheur.

Sum treitcheoure crynis the cunye, and kepis corne stakkis. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238. b. 54.

T R E K , adj. Diseased ; dying; lingering. V. T R A I K . *?. T R E L Y E , s. Latticed or chequered cloth. *? T R E L L Y E I S , TRELYEIS, S. pi. Currycombs.

Thair lokkerand manis and thare creistis hie, 4 E

T R E T R E Dressis with trelyeis and kamis honestly.

Doug. Virgil, 409, 23. Fr. etrilk, Lat. strigil-is.

TREMBLES, s.pl. The palsy in sheep. *?. TREMBLING EXIES, or AIXES. The ague. S. TREMBLING FEVERS. The ague, Ang. V. SKELP. Trembling aixes, Loth, perhaps from A.S. ace, dolor, Sw. ack-a, cruciare. See Sup.

T R E M B L I N G ILL. A disease of sheep; Leaping LU. 8. T R E N C H M A N , s. 1. A trainbearer; rather perhaps a carver, 2. An interpreter. *?.

TRENE, adj. Wooden. V, TREIN.

T R E N K E T S , s. pi. Iron heels put on shoes. *?. T R E N S A N D , part. pr. Cutting.

The trensand blaid to persyt euery deill Throu plaitt and stuff, mycht nocht agayn it stand.

Wallace, iv. 662. M S . Fr. trenchant, id.

T R E N T A L , s. Properly a service of thirty masses, which were usually celebrated upon as many different days, for the dead.

Thay tyrit God with tryfillis tume trentalis, And daifit him with [thair] daylie dargeis; With owklie Abitis, to augment thair rentalis, Mantand mort-mumlingis, mixt with monye leis.

Scott, Bannatyne Poems, p. 197. It has been observed, (vo. Trantles,) that this term was

most probably used in a contemptuous sense after the Reformation, to denote any thing mean and trifling. In this passage, it seems rather to admit this general signifi­cation. Even long before the Reformation, it appears to have been declining in its acceptation.

And so leue lellye Lordes, forbode els That pardon and penaunce, & prayers done saue Soules that haue sinned seuen sythes deadly : And to trust to these trentals, truely m e thinketh, Is not so siker for the soule, as to do well. Therefore I rede you reukes, that rich be on this

earth, Apon truste of your treasure, trientales to haue, Be ye neuer the bolder to breake the ten hestes.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 39. a. The term is also used by Chaucer. V. Tyrwhitt. Fr.

trentel, id. from trente, thirty. TRES-ACE, s. A game often played in the fields. *?. TRESS, TRES. S. A wait or binding. *?. TRESS, s. A frame of wood. V. TREST. *?. TREST, TRAIST, TRIST. S. 1. The frame of a table,

S. tress, E. trestle. The goldin tristis shynand standis ouerthorte, Vnder rich tabillis dicht for maniory.

Doug. Virgil, 185, 34, Of sardanis, of jasp, and smaragdane, Traists, formis, and benkis, war poleist plane.

Police of Honour, iii. 70. 2. A tripod.

Before thare ene war set, that all beheild, The gilt trestis, and the grene tre, The laurere crounis for the price and gre.

Doug. Virgil, 131, 9. 3. T h e frames for supporting artillery.

" And ilk man hauand fourtie pund land, sail haue ane culuering, with calmes, leid, and pouder, ganand thairto, with trestis to be at all tymes reddy, for schuting of the saidis hagbuttis." Acts, Ja. V. 1540. c. 73. Ed. 1566. Treastes, Skene. Fr. tresteau, fulcrum mensae.

TREST, s. A beam. V. TRAST.

586

To TREST. To trust. TREST, faith. V. TRAIST.

TREST, adj. Trusty; faithful. V. TRAIST. S.

TRESTARIG, s. A very strong ardent spirit distilled from oats in the isle of Lewis. *?,

TRET, adj. Long and well proportioned. Braid breyst and heych, with sturdy crag and gret, -His lyppys round, his noyss was squar and tret.

Wallace, ix. 1925. MS. Fr. traict, trait, drawn out, lengthened. From the same

origin is the O. adj. traictif, traictis, traitis, treitis. Nez traictif, a pretty long nose, traictisses mains, long and slen­der hands; Cotgr. The very phrase used in Wallace occurs in Rom. de la Rose.

Les yieux rians, le nez treitis, Qui n'est trop grand ne trop petit.

Hence it is adopted by Chaucer. Hire nose tretis ; hir eyen grey as glas.

Prol. Cant, T. v. 152. Also Rom. Rose, y. 1016. 1216. T R E T A B Y L , adj. Tractable; pliable.

For al thar weping mycht him not anis stere, Nor of thare wordes likis him to here, Thoch he of nature was tretabyl, and courtes.

Doug. Virgil, 115, 18, Rudd. renders it " easy to be intreated." But this does

not so properly shew the sense of the term used by Virg. which is tractabilis.

To TRETE, v. a. To intreat. V. TREIT.

TRETIE, S. Intreaty.

With treHe fair, at last, scho gart her ryse. Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 152.

T R E T I E , * . A treatise. " Here beginnis ane litil tretie intitulit the goldyn targe,

compilit be Maister Wilyam Dunbar." Title of this Poem, Edin. 1508. Fr. traite.

T R E V A L L I E , s . Perhaps the same with Trevolie, q.v.*?. T R E V A L L Y I E , s. A train or retinue, implying the

idea of its meanness ; Clydes. TREVISS, TREYESS, TRAVESSE, S. 1. Any thing laid

across by way of bar; as, a treviss in a stable, the par­tition between two stalls. 2. A horse's stall, S. *?ee 8. 3. A counter or desk in a shop, S.B.

L.B. travacha, travayso, Ital. travata, Fr. travaison, trevee, intertigni um; " a floor or frame of beams, also, a single beam ;" Cotgr. 4. Hangings, a curtain ; corresponding to E. traverse.

Rycht ouer thwert the chamber was there drawe A trevesse thin and quhite, all of plesance.

King's Quair, iii. 9. And seis thou now yone multitude on rawe,

Standing behynd yone travesse of delyte. Rtid. iii. 17.

TREUYTHT, s. Truth. *?. TREULES, TROWLESS, adj. Faithless; false. *?. TREUX, s. Truce. *?. To TREW, v. a. To trust. V. TROW. TREW, s. Often in pi. trewis, a truce.

The trew on his half gert he stand Apon the marchis stabilly, And gert men kep thaim lelely.

Barbour, xix. 200, MS. Than your curst king desyryt off ws a trew, Quhilk maid Scotland full rathly for to rew.

Wallace, viii. 1358. MS. The Persye said, Of our trewis he will nane; Ane awfull chyftane trewly he is ane.

Ibid. iii. 267. MS. O.Fr. treu, also treves, Ital. treves; from Moes.G. trig-

guo, A.S. treowa, treowe, fides data, promissum, pactum,

T R I T R 1 foedus; Alem. truua, Germ, true, Su.G. tro ; L.B. treug-a, Hisp. tregu-as; all from the idea of faith being pledged in a truce. V. T R O W , v.

T R E W Y D , part. pa. Protected by a truce. Til the Fest of the Ternyte He grawntyd thame trewyd for to be.

Wyntown, vii. 8. 100. T R E W A G E , s. Tribute.

This Emperoure Scyr Trajane Tuk the trewage of Brettane. Wyntown, v. 6. 145. For freindis thaim tauld, was bound wndir trewage, That Fenweik was for Perseys caryage.

Wallace, iii. 61. M S . The term is common in O.E. Bot Athelstan the maistrie wan, and did tham mercie

crie, & alle Northwales he set to treuage hie.

R. Brunne, p. 28. O.Fr. truage, treuage, a toll, custom, tax, or imposition,

Cotgr.; from treu, id. L.B. truagium, tributum. V. D u Cange, vo. Trutanizare.

T R E W A N E , adj. Trewane vers. See Sup. " Bot it is no mervell, for he understude that he is a

Preist's gett, and tbarefore we sould not wonder, albeit that the auld Trewane vers be trew, Patrem sequitur sua proles." Knox's Hist. p. 262. Trowane, M S . i. This is perhaps the same with S. Tronie, q. v.

T R E W B U T , s. Tribute. In thair thrillage he wald no langar be, Trewbut befor till Ingland payit he.

Wallace, vi. 771. MS. T R E W S , s.pl. Trouse ; trousers, S. See Sup.

Ir. trius, Gael, triubkas, Fr. trousse. TREWSMAN, S. A Highlandman ; or perhaps an Isles-man, from the fashion of his dress. *?.

TREWTHELIE, adv. Truly. *?. TRY, s. Means of finding any thing that has been lost, S.B. I could get nae try o't.

TRY, adj. Bad ; cross. Syn. Thrawart. S. To TRY,* t-. a. 1. T o vex ; to grieve; to trouble, 2. To afflict; to harass. 3. To prove legally ; to convict. *?.

TRIAL, S. Trouble ; affliction. *?. TRYING, part. adj. 1. Distressful. 2. Hard; severe. *?. TRIAL,* T R Y E L L , S. Proof, S. See Sup.

" But this news turned to nothing, for there was no trial found that their matters were true." Spalding's Troubles, i. 300.

T R I A P O N E , s. Thair I saw sindry stains beset, The Garned and the Agat quhite, With mone mo quhilk I foryet: Beside thir twa aid hing alone, The Turcas and the Triapone.

Buret, Watson's Coll. ii, 11. TRIARIS, s.pl. Soldiers in the Roman army, who were always placed in the rear, *?,

TRIBLE,«. Trouble. 8. TRIBULIT, part.pa. Troubled. *?• TRICKY, adj. 1. Knavishly artful; addicted to mean tricks. 2. Mischievously playful, or waggish. <?.

TRICKILIE, adv. Knavishly. *?• TRICKINESS, S. Knavery, 8. TRIE, «. A stick. & TRYFFIS, 3d pers. sing. v. n. Prospers; thrives. S. TRIG, adj. Neat; trim, S. See Sup.

The heist sail be full tydy, trig, and wicht, With hede equale tyll his moder on hicht

Doug. VtrgU, 800, 12. 587

In lesuris and on leyis litill lammes Full tait and trig socht bletand to thaire dammes.

V- T R I P - Ibid. 402, 23. " The same with E. tricked up ;" Rudd.

Trig her house, and oh! to busk aye Ilk sweet bairn was a' her pride!

Macneitt's Poems, i. ii. T R I G G I N , S. Apparently, decking out. *?. T R I G L Y , adv. Neatly ; trimly. S. T R I G N E S S , S. Neatness ; the state of being trim. *?. To T R I G L E , T R I G I L , V. n. To trickle.

And swete down triglis in stremes ouer al quhare. Doug. Virgil, 134, 18.

Be al thir teris trigil/and ouer m y face,— And be our spousage begynnyng, I the beseik.

Ibid. 110, 86. Seren. derives the E. v. from Isl. trekt, a funnel, infun-

dibulum. Adhering to the same line of deduction, I would prefer Isl. tregill, alveolus ; for tears, trickling down, form as it were a small trough or furrow in the cheek, or fall as water in a narrow channel.

To TRIM,* v. a. To drub; to beat soundly, S. The E. v. used metaph., in the same manner as dress. See 8.

T R Y M E , adj. Apparently merely E. trim, nice. *?. T R I M M E R , s. A disrespectful designation for a wo­

man, nearly the same with E. Vixen. *?. T R I M M I E , s. 1. A disrespectful term applied to a

female, S.B. 2. A name for the devil, *?. T R I M - T R A M . A term apparently expressive of ridi­

cule bordering on contempt. *?. To T R I N D L E , v. a. To trundle. Syn. Trintle. 8. T R Y N E , s. Art; stratagem. *?ee Sup.

Of Agarens what toung can tell the tryne, With hurklit hude ouer a weill nourisht necke!

Spec. Godly Sangs, p. 2. Lord Hailes renders this " train, retinue." But trayne,

treyne, is used by Wyntown as train by E. writers, for stratagem; Fr. traine, id.

T R Y N E , s. Train ; retinue. *?ee Sup. Foryetting all the Burgis tryne, Without descriptioun of thair cace ; Not speiking of the riche propine, Quhilk thay did giue vnto hir Grace.

Burel, Watson, ii. 18. T R I N E S , s. pi. Drinking matches.

For baudrie and bordeling luckless he ruized : Trist, trines and drunkness, the Dyvour defam'd.

Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 25. Fr. trinque, drinking.

T R I N G , s. A series ; things in succession. *?. T R I N K , T R E N K , s. 1. Apparently synon. with E.

Trench. 2. A small course or passage for water; a drain. 3. The water running in such a drain. *?.

To T R I N K E T , v.n. To lie in an indirect way. »?. T R I N K E T I N G , s. Clandestine correspondence with

an opposite party. " It was the Independents study to cast all the odium

of trinkeHng with Oxford on Hollis, while Saville refuses to decypher the letter."—Baillie's Lett. ii. 145. " The King, all his life, has loved trinketing naturally,

and is thought to be much in that action now with all parties, for the imminent hazard of all." Ibid. p. 245.

To T R I N K L E , T R Y N K L E , v. n. To trickle, S. Ouer al his body furth yet the swete thik, Lyke to the trynkland blak stemes of pik.

V. TRIGLE. Doug. VtrgU, 307, 39.

T R Y T R Y

To T R I N K L E , v. n. T o tingle; to thrill. " The main chance is in the north, for which our hearts

are trinkling." Baillie's Lett. i. 445. This seems synon. with Prinkle, q. v.

T R I N N E L , s. Calf's guts. *?. To T R I N S C H , v.a. 1. T o cut; to hack, with to

prefixed. Fr. trench-er, id. Enee hymself ane yow was blak of flece Brytnit with his swerd in sacrifice ful hie Vnto the moder of the furies thre, And hir grete sister, and to Proserpyne Ane yeld kow all to trinschit.

Doug. Virgil, 171, 52. 2. To cut off; to kill.

And eik yone same Ascaneus mycht I nocht Haue trynschit with ane swerd, and maid ane mais To his fader thereof to eit at deis ?

Doug. Virgil, 121, 15. T R I N S C H E L L , s. Left unexplained. *?, To T R I N T L E , T R I N L E , v.a. To trundle or roll,S. *?ee *?.

A.S. trendel, tryndel, globus; Fr. trondel-er. The origin is Su.G. trind, rotundus : as rolling is properly ascribed to what is of a round form.

TRIP, s. A flock ; a considerable number. Lo, we se

Flokkis and herdis of oxin and of fee, Fat and tydy, rakand ouer all quhare, And trippis eik of gait but ony kepare.

Doug. Virgil, 75, 6. Then came a trip of myce out of thair nest,

Richt tait and trig, all dansand in a gyss, And owre the Lyon lansit twyss or thryss.

Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 189. Trip, O.E. denotes a troop or host. Me thouht kyng Philip inouh was disconfite, Whan he & alle his trip for nouht fled so tite.

R. Brunne, p. 203. " In Norfolk, a trip of sheep, is a few sheep ; [A. Bor.

a small flock ;] Jul. Barnes has a Tryppe of gete, for a flock of goats." Rudd.

Sibb. mentions A.S. trep, grex, troop. But tiepas, for it is found only in pi., seems to be used to signify an army. " Acies, the front of an army, battell-aray, troops ;" Som­ner. He adds, grex, collectio, turba. Su.G. drift, grex ; Isl. thyrpa, caterva. The origin of drift is drifw-a, agere, pellere.

T R Y P A L , T R Y P A L L , S. A n ill-made fellow. *?. T R I P - T R O U T , s. A game in which a common ball is

used instead of the cork and feathers in Shuttlecock. *?. T R Y P V E L V O T . A n inferior kind of velvet. *?. T R YSING.s. Apparently truce; terms of accommodation. T R Y S S , adv. Thrice. *?. T R I S T , adj. Sad; melancholy.

Thare bene also full sorrowfull and trist, Thay quhilkis thare dochteris chalmeris violate.

Doug. Virgil, 186, 29. Fr. triste, Lat. trist-is.

TRYST, TRIST, TRISTE, TRYIST, S. 1. An appoint­ment to meet, S.

He herd that of Ingland The Kyng was northwartis than cumand, As to the New-castelle, or Durame, Til Bawnbowrcb, or Norame. Thare he thowcht for til hawe mete, As tryst mycht thare-of hawe bene sete ; For thai twa Kyngis bwndyn wes To-gyddyr in gret tendyrnes.

Wyntown, vii. 9. 490. V. also vii. 9. 179. vii. 10. 131-588

To S E T TRYST. T O make an appointment to meet. *?. To BIDE TRYST. T O keep an engagement to meet with another, and wait the fulfilment of it. *?.

To K E E P TRYST, T O fulfil an engagement to meet. *?. To B R E A K TRYST. To break an engagement. *?. To C R A C K TRYST. T O break an engagement. *?,

" John Forbes of Lesly broke tryst, having appointed to have settled the same." Spalding's Troubles, ii. 54. 2, An appointed meeting, S. A merry meeting among the peasantry. See Sup.

On the Marche a day of Trew wes set. Schir Davy Lord than de Lyndesay Was at that Triste that ilke day.

Wyntown, ix. 18, 3—16. Markets are in various instances, denominated Trysts;

because those, who design to sell or buy, have agreed to meet at a certain time and place.

This designation has considerable antiquity. It occurs in the old Ballad, entitled Thomas the Rhymer.

" M y tongue is mine ain," true Thomas said, " A gudelie gift ye wald gie to me !

" 1 neither dought to buy nor sell, " At fair or tryst where I may be."

Minstrelsy, Border, ii. 273. " Under the article of Commerce, we must not omit the

three great markets for black cattle, called Trysts, which are yearly held in the neighbourhood of Falkirk, in the months of August, September, and October." Nimmo's Stirlingshire, p. 456. " Tryst is a Scotch word for an appointed meeting."

Statist. Ace. xix. 83. N. 3. The appointed time of meeting.

He trystyt hyr quhen he wald cum agayne, On the thrid day.— At the set trist he entrit in the toun, Wittand no thing of all this falss tresoun.

Wallace, iv. 709. 731. M S , W e sail begin at sevin houris of the day : So ye keip tryist, forsuith we sail nocht felyie.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 6. " The salmons also in their season returne to the place

where they were spawned : They, like skilled arithme-ticiens, number well the dayes of their absence, and for no rubs in their way will they be moued to cracke their tryst." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 1256, 1257.

4. The place appointed ; a rendezvous. —Thai approch to the Pape in his presence, At the foirsaid triste quhar the trete tellis.

Houlate, i. 24. " By thir letters came to the King's Majesty, he knew

well that his navy had not passed the right way; and shortly hereafter got wit that they were landed at the town of Air; which displeased the King very greatly; for he believed surely that they had been in France at the farthest tryst." Pitscottie, p. 110.

T?-aist, q. v. is also used for an appointed meeting. Tbe word evidently has its origin from the trust, or confidence, which the parties who enter into such an engagement, repose in each other. V. TRAIST, V. 5. A journey undertaken by more persons than one, who are to travel in company. The termination of such a journey is called the Tryst's end. S.

6. A concurrence of circumstances or events. " Indeed men cannot consider the same without ac­

knowledging a divine hand and something above ordinary means and causes, where all did thus meet together in a solemn tryst to accomplish that people's ruin." Fleming's Fulfilling Script, p. 148.

T R Y T R O In a sense very much akin to the fourth, trist, triste, is

used in O.E., as denoting " a post or station in hunting." Ye shall be set at such.a trist, That hart and hind shall come to your fist.

Lydgate's Squire of Low Degree. V. Ellis's Spec. E. P. i. 336.

H e asked for his archere, Walter Tirelle was haten, maister of that mister. To triste was he sette, for to waite the chance, With a herde thei mette, a herte therof gan lance. Walter was redi, he wend haf schoten the herte, The kyng stode ouer nehi, the stroke he lauht so

smerte. R. Brunne, p: 94. Hearne renders it, " meta, mark, direction." The same

writer uses it to denote a station in battle. The Inglis at ther tiiste bifor tham bare all doun, & R. als him liste the way had redy roun.

H>id. p. 179. It is used in the same sense by Chaucer, Troilus, ii.

1534. V. Trista, Tristra, D u Cange; Tiista and Tristis, Cowel. The latter expl. Tristis as an immunity from attending on the Lord of a Forest, when he is disposed to chase. But, according to the quotation, the immunity is from the Tristae, as denoting this attendance. Et sint quieti—de— Tristis, &c.

To T R Y S T , V. a. 1. T o engage a person to meet one at a given time and place, S. *?ee Sup. " He—then trysted Mr. Williamson at London, who met

the same man in a coach, near London bridge, and who called on him by his name." Fountainhall's Decisions, i. 15. V. the s. sense 3. 2, To meet with; used in relation to a divine ordination.

" The plot hath laid Leith and Edinburgh desolate.— That this should have t?-yskd the enemy at that time and place, when we had most to do with Leith and Edinburgh, is evidently God's hand." Baillie's Lett. ii. 151. " It is found that the most eminent and honourable

service of the church, doth usually tryst her in a low and suffering condition, when there hath been but little strength, many outward disadvantages." Fleming's Ful­filling, Epist. p. iv. 3,Tobespeak;" I trysted the table to be hame to-night,"*?. To T R Y S T , V. n. 1. T o agree to meet at any particu­lar time or place, S. " In our treaty, we prefaced with a declaration in writ,

that our trysting there [in London] was no submission to the English Parliament." Baillie's Lett. i. 221.

The prep, with is often added, S. " The particulars are,—the writing, dictating, and con­

triving a letter directed to the perfidious Oliver Cromwell, and trysting with him and his officers at the Lady Hume's lodgings, tending to the ruin of the late King, and these kingdoms." Wodrow's Hist. i. 85. 2. To enter into mutual engagements, *?. 3. T o con­cur with; used metaph. as to circumstances or events. " What a marvellous concurrence of providence, and

convincing appearance ofa divine hand was in this judg­ment, the besieging of Jerusalem by the Romans, trysted with the very time of the passover, whilst so great a con­fluence of the people from all parts of the land were there on that account, that both sword and famine might contri­bute their help to destroy." Fleming's Fulfilling, p. 148. 4. It is often used, in a passive sense, in relation to one's meeting with adverse dispensations, S. " It is a dark time now with the church of Christ, which

we see every where almost suffering and afflicted, whilst the whole earth besides seemeth to be at ease, christians also even beyond others, in their private lot, trysted with very sharp trials." Fleming's Fulfilling, Epist. p. iv.

— " The proud and insolent, who do most hunt after outward glory, are usually trysted with some humbling abasing stroke ; he poureth contempt on princes, and such who will not honour God shall not enjoy that honour they seek from men." Ibid. p. 113. V. following word.

TRIST, S. Swa, on ane day, the dayis watchis tua Come [in ;] and said thai saw ane felloun mist. ' Ya,' said Wisdome, ' I wist it wald be sa : ' That is ane sang befoir ane hevie trist I ' That is perell to cum, quhaeir it wist. ' For, on sum syde, thair sail us folk assaill.'

King Hart, ii. 48. The phrase has evidently been proverbial. Trist might

signify sadness, from Fr. triste, sad; or trial, affliction. The v. tryst is used in this sense, or in one equivalent. He is sore trysted; H e has met with a heavy trial. This sense of the v., however, seems oblique ; and if the s. ever admitted of this signification, it is now obsolete.

T R Y S T E R , s. A person who convenes others, as those of opposite parties, fixing the time and place of meeting. " Mr. Blair and he [Mr. Durham] deal with Mr. Wood

to be content with conference at Edinburgh.—We had drawn up an overture, as we thought, very favourable, as far as we could go, according to the Assembly's late over­ture for union, and by the hands of the trysters, Mr. Blair and Mr. Durham, sent in to their meeting. Also the trysters had given us both their overtures to be thought upon." Baillie's Lett. ii. 387.

T R Y S T I N G , *. A n engagement to meet, as implying a mutual pledge of safety. *?.

T R Y S T I N G - P L A C E , fi. 1. The place of meeting previously appointed, S.

At our trysting-place, for a certain space, I must wander to and fro;

But I had not had power to come to thy bower, Had'st thou not conjur'd m e so.

Minstrelsy, Border, ii. 346. 2. Metaph. a centre of union, or medium of fellowship. *?. TRISTRES, S. pi. The stations allotted to different per­sons in hunting.

And Arthur, with his Erles, ernestly rides, To teche hem to her tristres, the trouthe for to tell. To her tristres he hem taught, ho the trouth tro wes, Eche lord, withouten lete, To an oke he hem sette ; With bow, and with barselette, Under the bowes. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 3.

V. TRTST, S.

TRYST-STANE, S. A stone anciently erected for marking out a rendezvous. *?.

To TRIST, v. a. To squeeze. V. THRIST, to thrust.*?. TRISTENE, s. The act of giving on credit or trust. *?. TRISTSUM, adj. Sad ; melancholy. *?. To TRIVLE, TRIVVIL, V. n. To grope; to feel where one cannot see ; to feel one's way in darkness. *?.

TROAP, s. A game something similar to E. Trap. 8. T R O C K E R , s. One who exchanges goods; alow trader.*?. T R O D , s. Tread ; footstep. *?• To T R O D , V. a. To trace ; to follow by the footstep or track. Thus one is said to " trod a thief." *?.

To T R O D D L E , v.n. 1. To walk with short steps, as a little child does, Ang. todle, synon.

May heaven allow me length of days to see Their bairns trodling rouud and round my knee !

Morison's Poems, p. 209. The young things trodlin rin. Ibid. p. 46.

2. T o purl; to glide gently. *?.

T R O T R O

Germ, trottel-n, tarde et pigre incedere; Su.G. tratt-a, minutis passibus ire, ut solent infantes. The origin seems to be iraad-a, trod-a, calcare; although Ihre derives it from trant incessus.

To T R O D G E , v.n. To trudge. *?. T R O D W I D D I E , T R O D W O D D I E , S. The chain that

fastens the harrow to what are called the Swingle-trees, S.B. V. R I G W I D D I E . See Sup. ' As this bar of wood is immediately joined to the harrow, and lies nearer the ground, the name may be from Isl. troda, terra, G. Andr. p. 242, and vijder, vimen, q. the ground-withy, or that which touches the earth. For it had been originally formed of twisted withes.

7b T R O G , v.a. To truck. T R O G G E R . One who trucks.*?, T R O G , S. Old clothes. *?. T R O G G E R S , s.pl. A name given to one species of Irish

vagrants, Wigton. Persons who gather old clothes. " The people are greatly oppressed by inundations of

poor vagrants from Ireland.—They may be divided into two classes. The first are those whose only object is to beg their bread. The second are those called troggers, who carry on a species of traffic, unknown, I am per­suaded, in most places. They bring linen from Ireland, which they barter for the old woollen clothes of Scotland, and these they prefer to gold or silver. Bending under burdens of these clothes, they return to their own king­dom." P. Inch, Statist. Ace. iii. 139.

This is merely q. trokers, from the v. T R O K E , q. v. T R O G S . A vulgar oath. Syn. Trugs, q. v. *?. T R O G U E , s. A young horse. 8. T R O I L Y A , s. A fairy ; dimin. from Troll, q. v. *?. T R O I S T R Y , s. The entrails ofa beast, offals, S.B.

Isl. tros, trash, Sw. trastyg, trumpery; Seren. Gael. turusgar, giblets.

T R O Y T , s. A n inactive person, S.B. generally con­joined with the epithet nasty; as, a nasty troyt, one who is both dirty and indolent. Allied perhaps to Su.G. tryt-a, to cease, conveying the

idea of one who becomes weary of work; or rather, as the v. also signifies, inique ferre, pigere, taedere, whence thryt, contumacy, neglect of duty. Troett, fessus, lassus, is a kindred term; troett af arbete, fessus labore; and troett-a, fatigare.

T R O Y T , T R O Y C H T , S. Perhaps a trough. *?. ToTROYTTLE,v.n. To tattle; to gossip. V. TRATTIL.*?. T R O Y WEIGHT,* T R O Y S WEICHT. A certain kind of weight, used both in S. and in E. *?.

To T R O K E , v. a. 1. To bargain in the way of ex­change ; to barter, S. truck, E.

How cou'd you troke the mavis' note For " penny pies all piping hot ?"

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 34. Fr. troqu-er, to exchange.

2. To do business on a small scale, S. 3. To be busy about little, in whatever way, S.

T R O C K , T R O Q U E , S. 1. Exchange; barter, S. Er.troc, id. 2. Troques, pi. small wares; merchandise of little value, S.B.

Nae harm tho' I hae brought her ane or twa Sic bonny trocks to help to make her bra.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 40. 3. Small pieces of business that require a good deal of stirring, S.B.

4. Familiar intercourse, S.B, See Sup. Nor does our blinded master see The trocks between the Clerk and she.

Morison's Poems, p. 106. 590

To TROKE, V. n. To transact business in a mean way. *?. T R OLY, T R A W L I E , S. A ring through which the sowme

passes betwixt the two horses or oxen next the plough, and by means of which it is kept from trailing on the ground, Ang. V. S O W M E , Isl. travale, impedimentum; Teut, traelie, clathrus, a

bar, lattice-work, &c. Or perhaps from Trowl, q. v. be­cause this ring is intended to prevent the rope from being dragged.

TROLIE, TROLL, S. 1. Any long unshapely thing that trails on the ground. 2. Any object that has length disproportionate to its breadth. *?.

TROLL, s. A goblin. V. T R O W , *?. TROLL.s. The dung of horses, cows, &c. also of man.*?. TROLLIB AGS, TROLLIEBAGS, s.pl. A ludicrous term

for the paunch or tripes of a slaughtered animal. <?. T R O L O L L A Y , s. A term which occurs in a rhyme used by young people, on the last day of the year, S.

V. HOGMANAY. W e find a similar phrase in O.E.; but whether originally

the same is uncertain. And than satten some, and song at the nale, And holpen erie his halfe acre, with hey trolly lolly.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 32, b. Can this be allied to Su.G. troll-a, incantare; trall-a,

canere ? T R O N A C H , fi. The crupper used with dorsets or a

pack-saddle; formed of a piece of wood, connected with the saddle by a cord at each end ; Mearns.

T R O N E , s. 1. A n instrument, consisting of two hori­zontal bars crossing each other, beaked at the extre­mities, and supported by a wooden pillar; used for weighing heavy wares, S. This instrument still re­mains in some towns. See Sup. " It is statute, that the Chalmerlane sail cause big, and

mak ane Trone for weying of woll in all the Kings burghis, and in all the portis of the realme." Stat. Dav. II. c. 39. s. 1.

D u Cange expl. L.B. Trona, Statera publico, sen Tru-tina ; supposing that it is a corr. of the latter term. Such a " Trona or beam, for the tronage of wooll, was fixed at Leadenhall in London ;" Cowel. The term, I apprehend, is originally equivalent to crane,

E. an instrument for raising weights. Isl. triona signifies a beak; Rostrum porrectum, quasi serpentis vel Rajae ; G. Andr. Thus the stern or beak of a ship receives this denomination ; Landnamab. p. 299. Trana signifies not only a beak, but a crane; Grus, item Rostrum Jongiuscu-lum, seu res porrectum ; G. Andr. p. 241.

Hence it appears that the name of the bird, which we call a crane, has been used to denote a beak, or any thing extended so as to resemble the long neck of a crane. C.B. trwyn, Fr. trogne, also signify a beak.

2. The pillory, S. " They ordain the said John Rob to be sett upon the

Trone, with a paper upon his head bearing thir words ( This John Rob is sett heir for being an false informer of witnesses,) and ordaines his lugg to be nailed to the Trone be the spaice of ane hour." Act Sederunt 6th Feb. 1650. V. also Act 24th July 1700. In the Index to these Acts it is rendered Pillory. " In Edinburgh the Pillory is called the Trone ;" Rudd. There seems to be no reason for the extension of this

name to the Pillory, save that, as this stood in a public place, those subjected to the punishment referred to, were exhibited here. 3. A market. S.

T R O N E W E I G H T . The standard weight used at the Trone, S. See Sup.

T R O T R O T R O N A R E , s. The person who had the charge of the

Trone; L.B. tronar-ius. " The clerk of the cocquet, sail controll beath the cus-

tumars, and the Tronaris." Stat. Day. II. c. 39. s. 4. T R O N E - M E N , S. The name given to those who carry off

the soot sweeped from chimneys, because they had their station at the Trone, Edinburgh.

To T R O N E , v.a. T o subject to the disgraceful punish­ment of the pillory.

I sail degrad the gracless of thy greis, Scald thee for skorn, and scor thee af thy sule, Gar round thy heid, transform thee as a fule, And with treason gar trone thee on the treis.

Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 68. st, 19. Or as in Edin. Edit. 1508. 1. 2. and 4. Scaik thee for skorn, and schert thee af thy scale— And syne with treason trone thee to the treis.

V the s. T R O N E , s. A throne, Fr. id.

Togidder he thare with mony thousand can hy, And euin amydwart in his t?-one grete, For him arrayit, takin has his sete.

Doug. Virgil, 137, 25. Hardyng uses this term. Belyn was kyng, and sat in royal trone.

Cron. Fol. 28, a. T R O N E , s. Truant. *?. To P L A Y T H E T R O N E . T O play the truant. *?. TRONIE, S. A truant. V. T R O N N I E . 8.

T R O N E , T R O W E N , S. A trowel used by masons. *?. TRONIE, T R O N Y E , S. 1. Any metrical saw, or jargon, used by children, S.B. Rane, Ratt rhyme, synon. q. v. 2. A long story. 3. Trifling or tedious con­versation. 4. A darling. *?. This, I suspect, is the same with Trewane, q. v. a term

used by Knox; allied perhaps to O.Su.G. troen, now trogen, true, trusty; because such rhymes, although now in general justly viewed as expressing the language of ignorance or superstition, were considered by our ances­tors, as containing adages worthy of implicit confidence. Teut. trowens, bona fide.

TRONNIE, s. A boy that plays the truant. *?. To T R O O the School. To play the truant. *?. TROOIE, S. A truant. »?.

TROOD, s. " Patrick Earl of Orkney, in a disposition of the lands

of Sand to Jerome Umphray, narrates—that he had evic­ted 6 merks from in Culls wick for stealing boRs from his lordship's trood, probably some piece of wreck which had been drawn [driven ?] into Cullswick." P. Aithsting, Shetl. Statist. Ace. vii. 584. It seems rather to signify wood employed for fences.

Su.G. trod-r, lignum, quod materiam praebet saepibus con-struendis. Timber ok trodhor, materiam aedium et sepi-mentorum; Leg. Ost.Goth. c. 28. ap. Ihre, in vo.

T R O O K E R , s. A n appellation of contempt and re­proach for a woman. V. T R U K I E R , T R U C K E R . *?.

To T R O O T L E , v.n. To walk quickly with short steps. *?. T R O P L Y S , S. pi. Expl. troops.

For all the Scottismen that thar war, Quhen thai saw thaim eschew the fycht, Dang on thaim with all thair mycht, That thai scalyt thaim in troplys ser; And till discomfitur war ner.—Barbour, xiii. 275. M S .

This is not, as Sibb. thinks, "a strange corr. of troops," but from Teut. troppel, globus, congeries; which seems

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derived from troppe, grex, collectio. This Wachter de­duces from Germ, treib-en, agere, ut agmen ab agendo.

To T R O S S , v.a. 1. To pack up; to truss, S. 2. To pack off; to set out, S.B. also turs, truss, S.A.

Thus trus is used by Minot. Ye men of Saint Omers,

Trus ye this tide, And puttes out yowre paviliownes With youre mekill pride. Poems, p. 50.

Fr. trouss-er, to truss; C.B. triosa, Isl. truts, sarcina, fasciculus.

T R O S S I S , s. pi. " The small round blocks in which the lines of a ship run ;" Gl. Compl. "Than the master cryit, and bald renye ane bonet,

vire the t?-ossis, nou heise." Compl. S. p. 63. This in the Gl. is derived from Fr. trouss-er, to truss.

If the term itself do not rather signify ropes, perhaps it is allied to Sw. tross, a rope, a coil of ropes ; Isl. tratsa, funis ab aliis funiculis complicatus. Sw. trissa, however, sig­nifies a pulley.

T R O T , * s. 1. Schaik a trot, seems to have been an old phrase for, Take a dance. " In the fyrst thai dancit—Schaik a trot." Compl. S.

2. Used, perhaps in a ludicrous way, for an expedition by horsemen, synon. raid. " The Covenanters, hearing of this trott of Turriff, and

that they were come to Aberdeen, began to hide their goods," &c. Spalding's Troubles, i. 152.

Teut. trot, cursus, gressus, succussatio. To T R O T , v. a. T o draw a man out in conversation, so as to make him expose himself to ridicule. *?.

T R O T T E E , s. One who is shown off, like a horse in a fair.*?. T R O T T E R , S. One who shows off another in this way. *?. T R O T - C O S I E , s. A piece of woollen cloth, which

covers the back part of the neck and shoulders, with straps across the crown of the head, and buttoned from the chin downwards on the breast, for defence against the weather, S. See Sup. It seems to be properly throatcosie, because it keeps the

throat warm. V. COSIE. T R O T H - P L I G H T , s. The act of pledging faith be­

tween lovers, by means of a symbol. *?. T R O T T E R S , fi. pi. Sheep's feet, S.

Secundo, then, a gude sheep's head, Whase head was singit, never flcad, And four black trotters clad wi' grisle, Bedown his throat had learn'd to hirsle.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 78. This term has been formerly used in E. " Trotters,

shepes fete;" Palsgraue. T R O U B L E , *. A name given by miners to a sudden

break in the stratum of coal. Syn. Dyke or Gae. 8. T R O V E , s. A turf, Aberd. toor, Ang.

" These lands—have for centuries been wasted by the practice of cutting up the sward into turf, for the different purposes of mixing it with the stable and byre dung, (muck-fail;) of building the walls of houses, when it is called fail; of roofing houses, when the sward is pared thin, and for fuel, which they call t?-oves." P. Alford, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xv. 456. 457.

Su.G. Isl. torf, ima arvi gleba ad alendum focum eruta; ab antiquiss. Goth, torfa, effodere ; Seren.

Einar, Earl of Orkney, about the year 912, is much celebrated by the Northern Scalds, because he taught the inhabitants of these islands the use of turf. Hence he was ever after honoured with the name of Torf-Einar. V. Barry's Orkney, p. 112.

T R O T R U

TROU G H , * s. The same with Trow, q. v. *?. T R O U K , s. A slight but teasing complaint. *?. TROUSH, interj. A call or cry directed to cattle; as,

" Troush, hawkie I" V. PTRU, PRTJCHIE. *?.

To TROUSS, v.a. To tuck up ; to shorten by a tuck. *?. T R O W , s. The wooden spout in which water is car­ried to a mill-wheel, S. in some places in pi. the trows. It is also called a shot.

Su.G. Belg. trog, E. trough, Dan. trou, Isl. thro. Junius views C.B. trychu, truncare, as the root, whence trwch, troch, incisio; because troughs were anciently trees hol­lowed out.

To T R O W , T R E W , T R U E , V. a. 1. To believe, S. *?ee*?. Gud Robert Boyd, that worthi was and wicht, Wald nocht thaim trew, quhill he him saw with sycht.

Wallace, ii. 436. MS. Moes.G. traw-an, Isl. tru-a, Su.G. tro, fidere, credere ;

Tro ens ord, fidem habere alicujus dictis ; To trow ane's word, S.

The prep, in is sometimes added. Ye gart us trow in stock and stone, That they wad help mony one.

Spec. Godly Songs, p. 25. 2. To trust to, or confide in.

Now I persawe, he that will trew His fa, it sail him sum tyme rew.

Barbour, ii. 326. MS. The prep, to is sometimes added. And gyff that ye will trow to me, Ye sail ger mak tharoff king, And I sail be in your helping.—Barbour, i. 490. MS.

3. To make believe ; often in sport, S. as, I'm only trowing you.

T R O W A B I L , adj. Credible. *?.

To T R O W , v. a. Apparently, to curse. Messyngeris than sic tithingis brocht thaim till, And tald Persye, that Wallace leffand war, Off his eschaip fra thar presoune in Ayr. Thai trowit rycht weill, he passit was that steid, For Longcastell and his twa men was deid. He trowit the chance that Wallace so was past. In ilka part thai war gretly agast, Throw prophesye that thai had herd befor.

Wallace, iii. 25. M S . In Edit. 1648. it is thus altered; They trowd it well, that Wallace past that stead, For Long-castle and his two men were dead: They waried the chance that Wallace so was past.

It would seem, that some early editor, while he retained the first trowit, as obviously signifying believed, changed the second to waried, as being better understood in his time.

Trow tak you, is an imprecation still used in Orkney. It is said that in Norse trow signifies Devil. Isl. tramen, larva vel cacodaemon; thraen, diabolus; drauge, lemur. Su.G. tro is used iu profane swearing or imprecation. Tro mig, tro bort mig, dispeream; tro dig, male pereas. Ihre conjectures that tage may be understood,—ut sit, Diabolus me auferat. Gloss, p. 950. 951. Germ, traun is used in a similar sense. V. Wachter.

To T R O W , v. a. To season a cask, by rinsing it with a little wort, before it be used ; a term common with brewers ; also, to trow the brew-looms, Ang. A.S. ge-treow-ian, in a moral sense, signifies purgare;

Germ, trauen, to administer the sacerdotal blessing. W e say, to sign or synd a vessel, when it is cleansed by a little water being passed through it; in allusion to the supposed purification of a person or thing, in consequence of making

592

the sign of the cross. Trow perhaps may have a similar origin; especially as Brewers retain a considerable portion of superstition. V. B U R N .

T R O W , s. The Trow of the Water, the lower ground through which a river runs ; as, the trow of Clyde. 8.

TROW, TROWE, TROLL, DROW, S. L A name given to the Devil, Orkn. Shetl. Hence, " Trow tak you!" 2. In pi. it denotes an inferior order of demons. *?.

HILL-TROWS, s.pl. Spirits supposed to inhabit the hills, or the mountainous parts of Orkney and Shetland. *?.

SEA-TROWES, s.pl. Certain inhabitants of the sea, viewed by the vulgar as malignant spirits ; Orkn. &c. *?.

T R O W A N , T R O W E N , S. A mason's trowel. *?. T R O W E N T YN, Barbour, xix. 696. Leg. tranouwintyn.

V. TRANONT. T R O W I E , adj. Sickly. *?. T R O W I E G L O V E S . A name given to sponges,Caithn.

" Sponges are found upon the shore in great plenty, shaped like a man's hand, and called by the people Trowie Gloves." P. Dunrossness, Statist. Ace. vii. 396. q. Make-believe gloves, because an ignorant person might view them as such. V. T R O W , V.

To T R O W L , v. n. In trowling, a line with a number of hooks on it, extending across a stream, and fixed to a rod on each side, is drawn gently upwards. *?.

T R O W N S O W R , s. A trencher. V. TRUNSCHEOUR, *?. T R O W S , s. pi. A sort of vessel used in night-fishing on rivers for salmon. *?.

T R O W S , s. A sluice. V. MILL-TROWSE. *?. T R O W T H , s. 1. Truth, Wyntown. 2. Belief.

Syne thai herd, that Makbeth aye In fantown fretis had great fay, And trowth had in swylk fantasy, Be that he trowyd stedfastly, Nevyre dyscumfyt for to be, Qwhill wyth hys eyne he suld se The wode browcht of Brynnane, To the hill of Dwnsynane. Wyntown, vi. 18. 363.

T R U B L A N C E , s. Disturbance. *?. T R U B L Y , adj. Dark; lowering; troubled; muddy; drumly, synon. Fr. trouble".

Throw help thareof he chasis the wyndis awa, And trubly cloudis diuidis in ane thraw.

Doug. Virgil, 108, 21. TRUCKER, TRUCKAR, S. V. TRUKIER. *?. TRUCK-POT, s. A tea-pot. V, TRACK-POT. *?. TRVCOUR, s. A deceiver. *?. TRUDDER, s. Lumber; trumpery. *?. TRUDGE BAK.

A trudge bak that cairful cative bure; And crukit was his laythlie limmis bayth.

K. Hart, ii. 54. From the rest of this description, as well as from the

name of the person, Decrepitus, it is clear that the poet meant to say that he was hump-backed. The phrase is still used in this sense, S.B.

It may be from Lat. turg-ere, to swell. But 1 would prefer Su.G. trutn-a, id. Isl. thrutn-a, id. throte, a tumor.

T R U D G E T , v. I dread trudget of 'you ; I suspect that you will do some mischief, or play m e some trick, Loth. Perhaps allied to Alem. trug, fraud, trug-en, to deceive;

as being- the same with O.E. treget, deceit, treachery, Minot's Poems, p. 31.

For all thaire treget and thaire gile. T R U D G E T , s. A sort of paste, made of barley-meal

T R U T R U and water, used by tinkers to prevent a newly-soldered vessel from leaking. *?.

T R U E - B L U E , adj. 1. A n epithet formerly given to those who were accounted rigid Presbyterians, and still occasionally used, S. *?ee Sup. Hence the title of a pamphlet, published about the be­

ginning of last century, " A Sample of True-Bleu Presby­terian Loyalty." This phraseology seems to have originated during the

civil wars in the time of Charles I., when the opposite parties were distinguished by badges of different colours. « —Few, or none of this army wanted a blue ribband;

but the lord Gordon and some others of the marquis' family had a ribband, when they were dwelling in the town, of a red flesh colour, which they wore in their hats, and called it the Royal Ribband, as a sign of their love and loyalty to the king. In despite and derision thereof this blue ribband was worn, and called the Covenanters Ribband by the haill soldiers of the army." Spalding's Troubles, i. 123. V. also p. 160. 2. Metaph. a person of integrity and steadiness. *?. T R U E L I N S , T R U L I N S , adv. Truly. It is also used as a s.; as, M y truelins, ye're far wrang. *?.

TRUE-LOVE,*, One whoseloveispledged toanother.*?. TRUFF, s. Corr. of E. turf, S. See Sup.

Lang may his truff in gowans gay be drest! V. TROVE. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 8.

T R U F F , s. A trick ; a deceit. Ne bid I not into m y stile for thy To speke of truffis, nor nane harlottry.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 272, 4. Ital. truffa, id. truff-are, to cheat, to deceive, truffiere, a

deceiver. In Fr. the sense is limited to that deception that is included in mockery. Truffe, a gibe, truffer, to mock, truff-eur, a mocker. Hence perhaps,

To T R U F F , V. a. To steal, Gl. Shirr. *?ee Sup. TRTJFFURE, «. A deceiver.

Than wox I tene, that I tuke to sic ane truffuris tent. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 239. b. 23.

T R U G S , s. A mode of profane swearing, used among the vulgar, S.B. It is generally viewed as a corruption of troth, to which

it is equivalent. But it seems rather derived from Moes.G. triggua, Su.G. trigg, faithful, triggua, a covenant. It is an affecting proof of the pertinacity of men in immoral cus­toms, that some of the oaths used in this country seem to retain evident marks of the highest antiquity. Thus Gothe, a common profanation of the name of God, S.B. is evidently Moes.G. Gotha, the very term used to denote the Supreme Being, when Ulphilas wrote, during the reign of Constantine the Great, that is, nearly fifteen hundred years ago. V. Michaelis' Introd. Leet. sect. 68.

T R U K I E R , T R U C K E R , S. 1, A contemptuous designa­tion, always implying that the person, to w h o m it is given, has done something that is offensive, S.

Despiteful spider, poor of sprite, Begins with babbling me to blame; Gowk wyte me not to gar thee griet; Thy trattling, Trukier, I shall tame.

Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 2. 2. Often applied to a female in contempt, equivalent to worthless hussy. 3. A waggish or tricky person. *?. The term seems to convey the idea of deceit. O.Germ.

irugh, guile, Teut. droghener, a deceiver, bedriegh-er, id. Perhaps merely a contemptuous use of Fr. troqueur, one who barters or trucks; as persons of this description have not generally been supposed worthy of implicit confidence.

V O L . II. 593

T R U L Y . Used as a s. in My truly ; By my truly. *?. T R U L I E , adj. True; not fictitious. A trulie story, S.B.

Su.G. trolig, credibilis. T R U L I S , s. pi. Some kind of game.

So mony lords, so mony naturall fulis, That bettir accordis to play thame at the trulis, Nor seis the dulis that commons dois sustene.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 42. Lord Hailes thinks that this may mean some game

which resembles a spindle, from Fr. trouil, id. " I am in­formed," he adds, " that trule means some childish game, of the nature of cappy-hole." Note, p. 251.

Germ, tori signifies the game of top. The term, how­ever, seems rather to denote some trundling sort of game, perhaps resembling the bowls; as probably allied to Su.G. trill-a, rotari, ut solet globus ; Ihre.

T R U L L I O N , s. A sort of crupper, Mearns; the same with Tronach, q. v. Isl. travale, impedimentum ?

T R U L L I O N , s. A foolish person; a silly creature. *?. T R U M , s. Apparently, a drum. *?. T R U M , s. Qu. if the same as E. Thrum, thread. *?. To T R U M P , v.n. To march ; to trudge, S.

With that thai war weill ner the King; And he left his amonesting, And gert trump to the assemble.

Barbour, viii. 293. MS. And than, but langer delaying, Thai gert trump till the assemble. On athir sid men mycht than se Mony a wycht man, and worthi, Redy to do chewalry. Ibid. xii. 491. MS. Eneas all his oist and hale armye Has rasit irumpin to the toun in hye.

Doug. Virgil, 379, 8. Su.G. Isl. tramp-a, calcare ; Germ, trump-en, currere, Hardyng, however, uses the v. with the prep, up in a

different sense. The Erie then of Northumberland throughout Raysed up the land, and when he eame it nere, The kyng trumped up, and went away full clere.

Cron. Fol. 222, a. It seems to signify, trussed up his goods.

To T R U M P , v. n. 1. To trumpet forth; to sound abroad; with the prep. up.

Tharefore trump up, blaw furth thine eloquence. Doug. Virgil, 376, 14.

W e have the same phraseology in the Battallye of Agynhourte.

They tromped up full meryly, The grete battell to gederes ged.

Ap. Watson's Hist. E.P. ii. 36. Teut. tromp-en, canere tuba.

2. To " break wind backwards." in publyk placis fra that day Scho wes bebynd than trumpand ay : Sa wes scho schamyd in ilk sted, Quhil in this warld hyr lyf scho led.

Wyntown, vi. 2. 98. T R U M P , s. A Jews-harp. Fr. trompe, Sir J. Sinclair's

Observ. p. 159. " Like a sow playing on a trump ,•" S. Prov. " spoken

when people do a thing ungracefully." Kelly, p. 232. V. CORNEPIPE.

To T R U M P , v. a. To deceive. Than sail we all be at our will. And thai sail let thaim trumpyt ill, Fra thai wyt weill we be away.

Barbour, xix. 712. MS. That fals man, by dissaitfuU wordis fare,

4F

T R U T U F

With wanhope trumpet the wofull luffare. Doug. Virgil, 24, 3.

Fr. tromp-er, Teut. tromp-en, id. The E. v. trump up seems to have a common origin, q. to fabricate by deceiv­ing others. As Sw. trumph-a,id. has the same orthography with trumpha, to play at cards, trumph the victorious card, (Seren.;) it is not improbable that the verbs, signifying to deceive, have originally a reference to this amusement, which has been so common a mean of deception.

T R U M P E , S. 1. A trifle ; a thing of little value. Ten teyndis ar ane trumpe, bot gif he tak may Ane kinrik of parisch kyrkis cuplit with commendis.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 239, a. 10. 2. In pi. goods.

Now, haly fader, thi raaieste inclyne, Grant that our nauy thys fyre may eschape, And from distructioun delyuer and out scrape The sobir trumpis, and meyne graith of Troyanis.

Doug. Virgil, 150, 55. " From Belg. tromp, a rattle for little children; tromp-en,

to rattle, or play with a rattle;" Rudd. T R U M P O U R , T R U M P E R , S. L A deceiver.

Mony proud trumpour with him trippit. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 27.

Lord Hailes renders this rattlescull; from the idea that trump signifies rattle, Belg. But Dunbar evidently uses the term elsewhere, in a moral sense, as opposed to gud men, and conjoined with schrewis.

Sum gevis gud men for thair gud kewis, Sum gevis to trumpouris, and to schrewis.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 50. I am not for a trumper tane. Cherrie and Slae, st. 86. Et nulli insidias quondam simulata paravi. Lat. Par.

I cannot therefore agree with Tyrwhitt, who, referring to the passage first quoted, thinks that the word means trumpeters; Cant. Tales, Note, v. 2673.

Fr. trompeur, id. 2. Sometimes used as a contemptuous designation, without any definite meaning.

H o w durst thow, trumper, be sa bald, To tant or tell, that he was aid ?

Philotus, S.P.R iii. 21. To T R U M P , v. n. To fling as a horse; to kick. *?. T R U M P . Tongue of the trump, the chief person, or

that object on which there is most dependance. *?. T R U M P H . To play trumph about, to be on a footing

with, to perform actions equally valorous, S.B. Achilles played na' trumph about Wi' him, he says; but judge ye.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p.'29. Trumph, S., has the same meaning with trump, E. as

denoting the principal card. T R U M P L E F E Y S T , s. A qualm, or fit of sickness. S. T R U M P O S I E , adj. 1. Guileful. 2. Cross-tempered. *?. T R U N C H E R SP EIR. A pointless spear, a spear hav­

ing part of it lopped off. With twa blunt truncher speirs squair,

It was thair interprise, To fecht with baith thair faces bair, For luve, as is the gyse. Scott, Evergreen, ii. 178.

The same with E. truncheon, Fr. tronchet, tronson ; from tronc-ir, to cut off, to break into two pieces.

T R U N S C H E O U R , s. A plate ; a trencher, S. Syne brade trunscheouris did thay fill and charge With wilde scrabbis and vthir frutis large.— Ne spare thay not at last, for laik of mete, Thare fatale foure nukit trunscheouris for til ete.

Doug. Virgil, 208, 43, 52. 594

Fr. trenckeoir, quadra mensaria; from trench-er, to cut as on these meat is cut.

To T R U N T L E , v. a. To trundle. *?. To TRUNTLE, V. n. To roll along. *?.

T R U P H A N E , s. Left unexplained. *?. T R U S T F U L , adj. Trust-worthy.

" If the whole supplicants had been so trustful in a matter so great and universal,—their Lordships could not but have engaged lives, fortunes, and honour, for a good success, to follow their advice." Baillie's Lett. i. 42.

T R U S T R E , s. Butter; as in North of S. *?. T R U T H F U ' , adj. Honest; sincere; having integrity.*?. To T R U T L E , v.n. T o be slow in motion ; a term fre­quently applied by nurses to children. *?.

T U A C K , s. A small hillock. *?. TUAY, adj. Two. V. TWA. TUCHT, TUGHT (gutt.), fi. Vigour. *?. TUCHTLESS, s. Pithless; nerveless ; inactive. *?. TUCK, s. Tuck of drum, beat of drum, S.

" The council give orders, that after the muster is over this day, one company of the Militia keep guard in the Canongate Tolbooth, and another in the Abbey, and that the whole Regiment be ready to draw together upon the tuck of drum." Wodrow's Hist. p. 51. V. TOUK.

T U C K , s. A jettee on the side ofa river. *?. TUE, T U E D , part. adj. Fatigued. V. T E W . *?.

TUECHING, prep. Concerning; touching. <?. TUE D , TEW'D,part. adj. Killed ; destroyed. V.TEW.*?.

To T U E G , v. a. To tug. *?. TUEIT, s. " An imitative word, expressing the short shrill cry of a small bird; hence to twitter; Teut. zittern," Gl. Compl. " The rede schank cryit my fut, my fut, and the oxee

cryit tueit." Compl. S. p. 60. T U F F , s. A tuft of feathers, ribbons, or hair. See Sup.

M y Lady, as she is a woman, Is born a helper to undo man.— For she invents a thousand toys, That house, and hold, and all destroys; As scarfs, shephroas, tuffs and rings, Fairdings, facings, and powderings ; Rebats, ribands, bands and ruffs, Lapbends, shagbands, cuffs and muffs; Folding outlays [ourlays], pearling sprigs, Atrys, vardigals, periwigs; Hats, hoods, wires, and also kells, Washing-balls, and perfuming smells : French-gows cut out, and double banded, Jet rings to make her pleasant-handed ; A fan, a feather, bracelets, gloves, All new-come busks she dearly loves. For such trim bony baby-clouts, Still on the Laird she greets and shouts; Which made the Laird take up more gear, Than all the lands or rigs coald bear.

Watson's Coll. i. 30. Fr. touffe, a tuft, applied to bair, ribbons, feathers, &c.

On faisoit il y a quelque-temps, des garnitures d'une grosse touffe de rubans. — Une touffe de plumes; c'est-a-dire, un gros bouquet, comme celui qu'on met sur les capilenes. Diet. Trev.

TUFFING, TOFFIN. s. Tow, oakum; wadding. Tbe tuffing kindillis betuix the plankis wak, Quharfra ouerthrawis the pikky smok coil blak.

Doug. Virgil, 150, 39. Dan. toi, Su.G. stuff, coactum, constipatum uti materia

pilei; Ihre. Fr. touffit, thick.

T U I T U L To T U F F L E , v. a. To ruffle ; to put any thing in dis­order by handling it, or tossing it, S. Tifie, A. Bor. This might seem allied to Su.G. taefl-a, originally to

play at dice, from tafwel, tessera; in a secondary sense, to contend. But I prefer twefallt, twofold, A.S. twy-fyld-an, duplicare, to double; because things said to be luffled, are generally such as are cressed, in consequence of being folded down. See Sup.

T U G , s. " R a w hide, of which formerly plough traces were made ;" Gl. Burns, S.O.

Thou was a noble fittie-lan', As e'er in tug or tow was drawn.

V. TEUG. Burns, iii. 143. To T U G G L E , T U G L E , V. a. 1. To pull by repeated jerks, S.

Now we leave Nory wi' her change of dress,— Till we inform you of poor Lindy's fate, That was left corded up at sic a rate. TuggUng and struggling how to get him free, He did great pyne and meikle sorrow dree.

Ross's Helenore, p. 43. 2. Tossed backwartis and forwards, handled roughly.

Tousled and tuggled with town tykes. V. TOUSLE. 3. Fatigued with travelling or severe labour ; wrought above one's strength; kept under, S.B.

Tuglit and travalit thus trew men can tyre. Sa wundir wait wes the way, wit ye but wene.

Gawan and Gol. i. 3. This may be either from Su.G. toeg-a, to draw, or from

E. tug. To T U G G I L L , V. n. To strive ; to struggle. *?. TUGHT.fi. Vigour. V . T U C H T . *?. T U G - W H I T I N G , s. Perhaps, a whiting catched by a hand-line, drawn out of the water when the fish tugs. 8. " About this time some tug-whiHngs were taken, and

by God's providence the fishes became larger." Spalding's Troubles, i. 39.

T U H U , s. A spiritless person ; one destitute of energy and incapable of exertion. *?,

TUIGH, s. A man at one for to serve lordis twayn, The quhilk be baith contrair in opynion ; Be trew to both, with tuigh of treson, It may wele ryme, but it accordis nought.

Pink. S.P.R. iii. 124. " Touch," Gl. Pink. But it seems to signify suspicion,

from A.S. tweog-an, dubitare, tweo, a doubt. Alem. zuch-on, Su.G. twek-a, to doubt, twekan, doubting. Ihre derives the v. from twaa, because in doubting the thought is as it were drawn into two parts. Hence also Su.G. twe, doubt.

TUIK, s. " H e had a gude tuik at that," he had a good spell at it; evidently the same as Towk, q. v. *?.

TUIK, s. A by-taste. V. T E U K . *?. TUIK, s. A cook, corruptly pronounced. *?. TUILYIE, T U L Y E , T O O L Y I E , s. 1. A quarrel; a broil; a combat, S. 2. Ludicrously, a battle; a skirmish. *?. " Chaud-melle, — ane hoat suddaine tuilyie, or debaite,

quhilk is opponed as contrair to fore-thoucht fellonie." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Chaud-melle.

Be that the bargan was all playit, The stringis stert out of thair nokks ; Sevin-sum, that the tulye maid, Lay gruffling in the stokks. Peblis to the Play, st. 19. Ye do abound in coal and calk : And think, as fools, to fley all faes With targets, tuilies, and toom talk.

Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 9. Sibb. derives Toolye from Teut. fuy,, labor. I have not

observed, that this term is older than the reign of Q. Mary. 595

It was probably introduced by the application of a Fr. term in a particular sense; as louill-er, to mix in a confused manner, which might be applied to a crowd in a tumul­tuous state, or entering into a broil. Teut. tuyl-en, how­ever, in a secondary sense denotes rage, furere, Kilian. Gael, taghal, to contend, to drive the ball to the goal, has by some been viewed as the origin.

To T U I L Y I E , T O O L I E , V. n. To quarrel; to squabble, S. " Ane French word, Melle, dissension, strife, debate;

as wee say, that ane hes melled or tuilyied with ane vther." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. MeUetum. " A tulying tike comes limping hame;" S. Prov. Ramsay

p. 17. Sae whiles they toolied, whiles they drank, Till a' their sense was smoor'd. Ramsay's Poems, i. 280.

TU I L Y I E - M U L I E , S. The same with Tuilyie, S.B. I know not if mulie should be traced to Teut. muyl-en,

to quarrel; Rostrum extendere simultatis aut irae causa, mutire, mussitare, cum indignatione et stomacho; Kilian. V. TUTE-MUTE.

T U I L Y E O U R , s. One who is addicted to fighting or en­gaging in broils. *?ee Sup. " Gif there be any injurious persons of their neighbours,

or defamers of others, common fechters (tuilyeours) or any other malefactors." Chalm. Air. c. 39, s. 73.

T U I L Y I E S U M , adj. Quarrelsome, S. " Tuilyiesum dogs cum happing*hame;" S. Prov. i. e.

Those, who are inclined to brawls, generally suffer by them. T U I L Y I E - W A P , s. A play of children. *?. TUILYIE, YOK I T - T U I L Y I E , S. A play in which a num­

ber of boys sit down on their hunkers, holding by the clothes of each other, while two or three lay hold of the foremost and pull them all along the ice. *?.

TUIL L , s. " Toil, trouble," Pink. In Scotland had not bene sic tuill, Gif this had bein the common rewl.

Maitland Poems, p. 221. If this be the sense, it must be allied to Teut. teuUen,

laborare. But I suspect that it rather signifies contention, as the same with Tuilye, q. v.

To T U I V E , TuiVE up, v.n. 1. To swell; to rise as dough from the effect of leaven. 2. The operation of yeast, or the working of ale in a vat; " It's tidvin up." *?.

T U K E , s. A hasty and rough pull; a tug. *?. T U L C H A N E , T U L C H I N , s. 1. A calf's skin, in its rough

state, stuffed with straw, and set beside a cow to make her give her milk, S. Hence the phrase Tulchane Bishops. " Here is a fair shew of restoring benefices of cure,

great and small to the Kirk : But in effect it was to re­store only titles, which noblemen perceived, could not be given conveniently to themselves; but they gripped to the commodity, in obtaining from the titulars, either temporal lands fewed to themselves, or tithes, or pensions to their servants or dependers. And therefore the Bishops, ad­mitted according to this new order, were called in jest, Tulchane Bishops. A Tulchane is a calf's skin stuffed full with straw, to cause the cow give milk. The Bishop had the title, but my Lord got the milk or comraoditie." Cal-derwood's Hist. p. 55. " Mr. Patrick Adamsou, in a sermon which he preached

against the order of bishops, had the following observa­tions, that there were three sorts of bishops, I. The Lord's Bishop, viz. Christ's, and such was every pastor. II. My Lord Bishop, that is a bishop who is a lord who sits and votes in parliament, and exercises jurisdiction over his brethren. III. My Lordes Bishop, one, whom some lord or nobleman at court places to be receiver-general of his rents, and to give leases for his lordship's behoof; but bad

T U M T U P neither the means nor power of a bishop. This last sort he called a Tulchan Bishop." Cant's Hist. Perth, I. In-trod. p. xi. 2. A bag or budget, generally of the skin of an animal, S.B.

—" Flae him belly-flaught, his skin wad mak a gallant tulchin for you." Journal from London, p. 2. 3. The term is metaph. applied to a chubby, sometimes to a dwarfish, child, Ang. It has been said that Tulchan is an Irish word used in

the sense first mentioned; Knox's Hist, Life, xxxiii. But I have met with no evidence of this. It is not improbable, that it is of Gothic origin. Su.G. tollc signifies a model. In re architectonica dicitur modulus vel typus, ad quern plura facienda exiguntur, ut forma crassitie vel longitudine similia sint; Ihre. Isl. tulk-a signifies to entice ; pellicere. Now, tulchan, in sense 1., corresponds to both terms. It is a resemblance of the animal, made as like to it as pos­sible : and it is thus made, for the purpose of enticing the dam to give her milk.

T U L I P A S E , fi. A tulip. 8. T U L L Y A T , s. A bundle; used contemptuously. *?. T U L L I E , s. A knife fixed in the haft. *?. TULLISAUL, s. V. TILLIESOUL. *?. TULSHIE, s. A sour-looking person. *?. TULSURELIKE, adj.

And at his mouth a blubbir stode of fome, Like to ane bore quhetting his tuskis kene, Rycht tulsurelike, but temperaunce in tene.

Henrysone's Test. Creseide, Chron. S.P. i. 163. It conveys the idea of furious.

T U M B L E R , s. A small cart, lightly formed. *?. T U M B L E R , s. One of the names of the porpoise. *?. TUMBUS.fi. A n y thing large. A big inactive person.*?. T U M B O U S , adj. Largeand slovenly; reverse of Snod. S. T U M D E I F , s. Some kind of disease, mentioned by

Sir John Roull. *?ee Sup. Tumdeif or edroposy,

Maigram, madness, or missilry, &c. V. Gl. Compl. p. 330,

The last syllable is apparently allied to Isl. deife, hebeto, viribus defraudo. Could we suppose the first to be from Su.G. tumme, pollex, it might signify want of feeling or numbness in the thumb, or other joints.

To T U M E , v. a. To empty; to evacuate, S. See Sup. Dan. tomm-er, Su.G. Isl. toem-a, vacuare, A. Bor. loom

or tume. V. T E Y M .

T U M E , T O O M , T O M E , adj. 1. Empty, having nothing in

it, S. Toome, A. Bor. id. *?ee Sup. Bot other lordis, that war by, Sayd, he had fillyd fullyly His baggis, and thairris all twme war.

Wyntown, viii. 40. 95, " A toom purse makes a bleit (bashful) merchant;" A.

Bor. Ray. This is also used in S. Su.G. torn, Isl. tom-ur, id,

2. Untenanted, S. " Better a tume house than an ill tenant;" S. Proy. It is used in the same sense by R, Brunne. In ther way ilk dele thei fond voide als hethe, The toun of Mount Carmele, the toun of Nazareth, The strong castelle Pilryn, that first wonne was, Alle tok Ricardyn, Caloyn & Kayfas. Ilkon thise thei seised, tome alle thei fond. P. 192.

Hearne, not understanding the term, renders it, " shut, enclosed, cut;" Gl. The sense is illustrated by the first verse quoted. "They found every thing in their way void as heath," or " as a desert." 3. In a state of inanition, as to food. I'm very tume;

596

M y stomach is quite empty. Ye're no tume; You are not in want of food, you cannot be hungry, S. Clung, synon. See Sup.

4, Lean; lank. A lang tume man, one who is tall and meagre, S.

5. Shadowy ; unsubstantial. See Sup. And were not his expert mait Sibylla Taucht him thay war bot vode gaistis all tha,— He had apoun thame ruschit in grete haist, And with his bitand brycht brand all in vane, The tume schaddois smityng to haue slane.

Doug. Virgil, 173, 30. 6. Vain ; as denoting the want of any proper cause for boasting.

Sum spendis on the auld vse, Sum makis ane tume ruse.

V. TUILYIE, S. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238, b. 3. 7. Unprofitable, what brings no return, S.

O'er lang with empty brag we have been vain, Of toom dominion on the plenteous main.

Ramsay's Poems, i. 52. 8. Ineffectual; inefficient. *?.—9. Deficient in mind. A toom chield, one who has no understanding, often with a negative prefixed, No a tume man, i. e. a sensible man, S.

T U M E , S. A tume of rain, a sudden and heavy fall of rain, S.B.

TUME-HANDIT,«<^', Empty-handed, in whatever respect,S. I'll tak fat ye gee,

Ye're nae toom-handed, gin your heart be free. Ross's Helenore, Introd.

Su.G. tomhaend, qui vacuas manus ha bet, qui nihil ad-fort ; Ihre. See Sup.

TUME-HEADIT, T O O M - H E A D E D , adj. Destitute of under­

standing. S. TUME-SKIN'D, TOOM-SKINN'D, adj. Hungry. *?.

TUME-TAIL, adj. 1. To Cum back Ttt»ae-to7, to go

away with a load, and return empty. 2. A plough is said to gang tume-tail, when it is drawn along without making a furrow, or without entering into the ground. 3. Metaph. used of one who returns without attaining the object he bad on view in leaving home. *?.

TUMFIE, s. A dumpish sort of fellow, one who is dull and stupid, S.O.; used also as an adj. See Sup. Dan. dumt-fae, " a silly fellow, a blockhead," Wolff. As

it also signifies a brute, it seems formed from dum, blockish, andyae, cattle, q. stupid as a brute.

To TUMMLE, v. a. To tumble. To T U M M L E THE WULLCAT. To tumble heels overhead. *?.

T U M M O C K , s. A tuft, or small mound. *?. To TUMPLE, v. n. To roll over; to tumble. *?, TUMULT, s. The land connected with a cottar-house. S. TUNAG, s. A short mantle still worn by old women in some parts of the Highlands of Scotland. *?.

To TUNCH, v. a. To push or jog with the elbow. *?. TUNCH, s. A push or jog of this description. *?. TUNDLE-BOX, s. A tinder box. *?. TUNIE, adj. Changeable in humour or temper. 8. TUNNAKIL, s. Left unexplained. Aberd. Reg. <?. TUP, s. 1. The common term for a ram, S. also used Staffords. and A. Bor. — 2 . A foolish fellow, S. — 3. Sometimes applied to an unpolished store-farmer. *?. This may be either a metaph. use of the term; or allied

to Teut. tolpe, foolish. To R I N LIKE A B L I N D TUP-I'-THE-WIND. A phrase

T U R T U R applied to a young woman who indiscreetly and eagerly courts the company of men. 8.

TUPPENCE, TIPPENCE, S. Twopence. *?.

TUP-YIELD, TUP-EILD, adj. A term applied to a ewe that proves unexpectedly barren, or not with lamb. *?.

TUQUHEIT, TEUCHIT, S. The lapwing, S.

In come twa flyrand Fulis with a fond fair, The tuquheit, and the gukkit gowk, and yede hiddie

giddie, Rwischit bayth to the Bard, and ruggit his hare; Callit him thris thevisnek, to thraw in a widdie.

Houlate, iii. 15. That the word thevisnek contains an allusion to the cry

of this bird, appears from the use of it elsewhere. " The tuechitis cryit theuis nek, quhen the piettis clattrit."

Compl. S. p. 60. The name is probably meant to imitate the sound made

by this bird; like Germ, kiwit; Sw. kowipa, E.pewet, Fr. dishuit, and S. synon. Peeweep, peesweep, q. v.

T U Q U H E I T S T O R M . The designation given to some days

of severe weather, which occur in March about the time of the re-appearance of the lapwing; viewed as the last storm of tbe winter season. *?.

T U R B O T , s. The name commonly given, in our mar­kets, to halibut, S. *?ee Sup. '< The fish on this part of the coast, are cod, ling, skate,

mackerel, holly bot, here called turbot." P. St. Vigeans, Forfars. Statist. Ace. xii. 171, N.

T U R C AS, s. A turkois ; one of the inferior gems. *?. T U R C H I E , adj. Short and thick; squat; Perths. T U R C U M E , s. Clotted filth.

And all the day quhair euer scho go, Sic liquour scho likkis vp also ; The turcumis of hir taill I trow, Micht be ane supper till ane sow.

Lyndsay on Syde Taillis, Warkis, 1592. p. 309. Perhaps allied to Su.G. traeck, sordes.

TURDION, s. " A species of galliard or gay dance ; Fr, tordion ;" Gl. Compl. V. BR A U L .

TURES, s.pl. Turfs; called Toors in the North. *?. TURIT, TURET, S. Perhaps, a muffler or mask. *?. TURKAS, TURKES, TURKESSE, S. 1. Pincers; nippers,

S.—2. Metaph. applied to a griping oppressive man. *?. Thay wer full strenge of countenance, Lyk turkas burnand reid.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 29. Wyth the grypand turkes oft also

The fflouand lumpe thay turnit to and fro. Doug. Virgil, 258, 27.

" Man's heart on earth is like a teeth in the jaw, the deeper roote it hath the more paine it causeth, when it is drawing out with the turkesse." Z. Boyd's LastBattelL p.534. Arm. turcques, turkes, id. Lhuyd. Bullet says that the

term is still used in this sense in Franche-Comte, To T U R K E N , v. n. To harden ; to wax stout. *?. TU R N , * s. A piece of work of whatever kind ; often a hand's turn. &•

T U R N , S. To do the turn. L To perform any piece of work or business, S, " The over-lord sail doe all the turnis and affairs per-

teining to the heire, and sail persew all his pleyes and actions for him," &c. Reg. Maj. B. ii. c. 41, § 7. —" There was no pay to the waged horsemen and foot­

men, wherein stood the forces that were reposed in to do the turn." Mr. Ja. Melvill's M S . Mem. p. 229. 2. To be sufficient for any purpose; to give satisfaction^.

But words I winna langer using be, 597

Nor will sic aff-sets do the turn with me. Ross's Helenore, p. 85,

T U R N , s. On the turn. 1. Applied to milk, beer, &c. to intimate that it is becoming acid. 2. The day's on the turn, the days begin to lengthen. *?.

T U R N E R , s. A copper coin, formerly current in S., in value two pennies Scots money, and equivalent to a Bodle. See Sup. " So far as I know, the copper coins of two pennies,

commonly called two-penny pieces, boddles or turners, and also babees, containing sixpences, or half a shilling Scots, such as the English call half-pennies, began to be coined after the restoration, in the beginning of Charles II.'s reign." Introd. to Anderson's Diplom. p. 138.

The learned writer is mistaken, in giving so late a date to the Turner. This coin was struck in the reign of James VI. — " King Charles' turners, striken by the earl of Stir­

ling, by virtue of the king's gift, were, by proclamation,— cried down from two pennies to one penny; king James' turners to pass for two pennies, because they were no less worth ; and the kaird turnei-s simpliciter discharged, as false cuinzies." Spalding's Troubles, i. 197. V. also p. 217.

Since Allan's death, nae body car'd For anes to speer how Scotia far'd, Nor plack nor thristled turner wai'd,

To quench her drouth. Dr. Beattk's Address, Ross's Helenore.

K A I R D T U R N E R S . Counterfeit money issued by tinkers.*?.

Rudd. seems justly to observe, that " this name is taken from the French, who were used to call their gros, dernier [1. denier,] and doubles, Tourndis, from the money coined with a great mixture of brass in the city of Tours." Ibid. p. 220. These were also current in S., on account of the friendship between the two nations. They have the in­scription, Double Tournois, i. e. a Twopenny piece Tour-nois ; of the reigns of Lewis XIII and XIV. Thus, their nominal value in S. was the same as in France. Their real value exceeded ours. For a French penny was, accor­ding to Cotgr., vo. Tournois, the tenth part of a penny Sterling, ours being only thie twelfth.

T U R N E R - A S I D E , s. One who deviates, or turns aside, from a particular course. *?.

TURNE-PYK, TURNEPECK, TURNPIKE, S. 1. The winding stair of a castle.

Syne the colis and crelis wyth-all A-pon the turne-pyk lete he fall; And ane syne blewe a horn in hy. Than in the castell ras the cry. Wyntown, viii. 38. 74.

2. A n y stair of a spiral form built without a house, and resembling one of the towers of a castle, S. " A turnpike stair is the term used in Edinburgh, and

over all Scotland, to denote a stair, of which the steps are built in a spiral form, like a screen [I. screw] winding round the same axis, in opposition to straight flights of steps, which are called scale stairs." Arnot's Hist. Edin. p. 246, N. " Thus the King accompanyed only with the sayde

Maister Alexander, comes forth of the chamber, passeth through the ende of the hall (where the noblemen and his Majesties servants were sitting at their dinner,) up a turnepecke." Account of Gowrie's Conspiracy, Cant's Hist. Perth, i. 196. " But the Earle of Gowrye and his servants made them

for another way up a quiet turnepeck, which was ever condemned before, and was only then left open (as appeared) for that purpose." Ibid. 202, 203.

Teut. torn, toren, signifies a tower, baecke, a pharos, a place for observation. But whether this be the origin, is doubtful.

T U S T U T

T U R N G R E Y S , s. A winding stair. A cruell portar gat apon the wall, Powit out a pyn, the portculys leit fall Rychard Wallace the turngreys weill has seyn; He folowit fast apon the portar keyn, A tour the wall dede in the dyk him draiff, Tuk wp the port, and leit in all the layff.

Wallace,ix. 510. M S . From Fr. tourn-er, to turn, and gre, contr. from degre,

pi. degrez, steps. T U R N - S C R E W , s. A screw-driver. *?. T U R N - T A I L , s. Used as synon. with E. turn-coat.

Perhaps it originally denoted a fugitive. " Many of the Covenanters proved turn-tail through

plain fear, and came in most willingly to him." Spalding's Troubles, i. 170,

T U R R A , s. To Ride to Turra, to be in great glee. *?. T U R R I S , s.pl. Turfs; a species of earthen fuel. *?. To T U R S , T U R S S , v. a. 1. To pack up in a bale or

bundle, as E. truss, Fr. trouss-er, id. from Isl. truts, fasciculus, Belg. tross, sarcina.

2. To carry off hastily. This jowell he gert turss in till Ingland.

Wallace, i. 128. M S . A hundreth schippis, that ruther bur and ayr, To turss thair gud, in hawyn was lyand thar.

Ibid. vii. 1067. M S . Fr. trouss-er also signifies to pluck or twitch up; Cotgr.

3. To take one's self off quickly; to march with ex­pedition.

Thy slicht and wylis sal the not bere away, Nor hail skarth hyne do turs the hame fra vs Vnto thy faderis hous the fals Aunus.

Doug. Virgil, 390, 26. Thidder hail the pepill of Italia, And all the land eik of Enotria, Thare doutsum asking tursis for ansuere, And thare peticiouns gettis assoilyet here.

Ibid. 207, 42. 4. To turss furth, to bring out what has been kept in store. Turssytfurth ger ; Wallace.

TURSABLE. adj. What may be carried away. " The laird, fearing some trouble to follow, displenished

the place, left nothing tursable within." — Spalding's Troubles, i. 221.

TURS, TURZE, s. A turs of heather, as much heath as a horse can carry on his back; a truss. 8.

To T URSE, v. n. To walk. *?. TURSKIL, s. An implement used for cutting peats, *?. T U R T O U R , TUR T U R E , s. The turtle-dove, Lat, turtur.

Sodeynly, a turture quhite as calk, So evinly vpon my hand gan lycht, And vnto me sche turnyt hir, full rycht.

King's Quair, vi. 5. T U R V E S , TURVVEN, s.pl. Peats. *?. TUSCHE', TUSCHA.S. A girdle, Dunbar. V.TISCHE. *?. To TUSH, v. n. To express displeasure.

" Nay, some were puffed up, and tushed at the fear of others, instead of being deeply affected, to see what spiri­tual judgments and plagues we were thereby threatened with," &c. Rutherford's Lett. Poster, p. 514. Q. to command silence, from Su.G. tyst, silens, tyst-a,

silere, from tig-a, id. Hence, also tush, E. interj. See Sup. T U S H L A C H , C O W - T U S H L A C H , s. A cake of cow-dung,

which is so dry that it may be burned. *?. T U S K , s. The torsk of Pennant, S. Asellus varius vel

striatus, Schonevelde; Gadus callarias, Linn. See 8. 598

" The fish called tusk abounds on the coast of Brassa ; the time for fishing is at the end of May. This fish is as big as a ling, of a brown and yellow colour, has a broad tail; it is better fresh than salted." Martin's West. Islands, p. 385. " It is a fish much esteemed for its delicacy; the meat

divides into flakes on being boiled, like that of a salmon: for which reason, as Schonevelde tells us, the Germans call it Scheibendorsch." Pennant's Zool. v. iii. 143. Ed. 1769.

According to Pennant, its Sw. name is torsk. This, however, is rendered cod by Seren., codling by Wideg. Our designation is nearly the same with Isl. thosk-r, asellus.

To T U S K at, v. a. To pluck or pull roughly; as when a horse tears hay from a stack. Syn. To Rusk at. 8.

T U S K A R , s . A n instrument used for cutting peats. *?. T U S S O C K (of wheat,) s. A tuft of wheat in a corn

field, generally owing to the vegetating of the nest or granary of a field-mouse, Loth. Sw. lest, a lock; Isl. thust-r, a handful of reeds.

T U T C H , s. A small boat or packet; a pinnace. *?. To T U T E , v.n. To jut out, to project; also Tuk, s. a jutting out, a projection, S.B. Su.G. tut, rostrum, a beak; Teut. tuyte, id. also, a horn,

or any thing wreathed. Hence, T U T E - M O W I T T , adj. Having the nether jaw projected.

H o w fain wald I disoryve perfytt M y ladye with the mekle lippis ! H o w scho is tute-mowitt lyk an aep.

Dunbar on ane Blak-moir Ladye, Maitland Poems, p. 97. Mr. Pinkerton renders this thick-lipped, deriving it from

Su.G. tut, rostrum. But most probably it is originally the same with Teut. tote-muyl, tuyte-muyl, bronchus; which properly signifies; " having the teeth and nether jaw more sticking out than the upper ;" Ainsw. This agrees better with the similitude, like an ape, than the idea of thick lips. The word is comp. of tuyte, rostrum, and muy I, os, oris, whence perhaps our mow, mouth. Belg. toot, signifies " a wry mouth ;" Sewel. V. M o w and M O W B A N O .

Tut-mouthed occurs in a similar sense in E. Somner gives it as synon. with great-lipped, when explaining A.S. wroc, bronchus. It is also expl. in the same manner by Seren.

Isl. tutna, intumescere, tutnan, tumor, and tut-ur, tumi-dus, (G. Andr. p. 243,) seem to acknowledge the same fountain. Perhaps teit-a, rostrum beluinum, ibid. p. 237. is the s. synon. with Teut., tuyte.

T U T E L E , T U T I L L , s. Guardianship ; tutelage. *?. T U T I E , s. Drunken Tutie, a designation given to a

female who is addicted to drinking. V. T O U T , T O O T . *?. T U T I E T A T I E , interj. Pshaw. It is not long since

this phrase was in use, S. Hey tutti taiti, the name of one of our oldest Scottish tunes. S.

V. T O O T , V. 2. and TOT-MUTE.

TUTIVILLARIS, s.pl. Sa mony rackettis, sa mony ketche-pillaris, Sic ballis, sic nachettis, and sic tutivillaris, — Within this land was nevir hard nor sene.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 44. Lord Hailes observes from Junius, that things of no

value were anciently called titivilitia, as the term denoted rotten threads which fall from the distaff, and in general the vilest things of this description, which cheats imposed on the simple instead of valuable merchandise ; Note, p. 254.

From the use of this word, however, although somewhat altered, in other places, I suspect that it is a personal designation. In Kennedy's Flyting, it is written tutevillou1, Evergreen,

T W A ii. 74. tutivillus, Edin. Edit. 1508. In a Poem in the Bann, M S . describing Cockelbie's Feast, one of the guests is a tutevillus. In another, ibid. p. 104, this designation is given to an evil spirit.

It may bear the sense of rustic; and Ir. tuatamhail, tuatavail, has precisely this signification; from tuata, id. and this from tuath, a country. V. Lhuyd, vo. Rusticus.

TUTIVILLUS, s. V. TUTIVILLARIS. *?. TUTIWING, s. Leg. Tutilling; a blast or blowing ofa horn.

And, as thai war in sic effray, A tutilling off his home hard thai: And thai, that hes it knawyn swith War of his cummyn wondre blyth.

Barbour, xix. 604. M S . This word is a dimin, from Toot, and denotes a weaker

sound, or that which seems to be so, as being heard at a distance.

T U T L A R , S. Perhaps one who barters. *?. T U T - M U T E , s. A muttering or grumbling between parties, that has not yet assumed theform of abroil, S.B. Contention is sometimes thus vulgarly described : " It

began with a laigh tut-mute, and it raise to a hiech tuilyie-mulie." See Sup. Teut. tuyt-en, to buzz; Isl, taut-a, murraurare, mutire,

taut, mutum murmur, susurratio, G. Andr. Teut. muyt-en, Su.G. mutt-a, to mutter; two synon. terms being conjoined, which is frequently the case in such corap. words. Or mute may be used in the sense of quarrel. V. TUILYIE-MULIE.

TUTOR,* s. A guardian appointed for a minor, whether by a testament, or by a disposition of law. *?.

TU T O R Y , s. 1. Tutorage; that stage of life in which one is under tutors* 2. Tutelage ; tender care exercised about an infant.

T U V A - K E U T H I E . Perhaps a hut on a rising ground. *?. TWA, TU A Y , T W A Y , adj. Two, S. *?ee Sup.

Wyth thir twa mony lordis sere Held thame in the North land, Quhil this ded wes in South wedand.

Wyntown, viii. 45. 110. Thus said sche, and anon therwith bayth tway Gan walkin furth throw out the dern way.

Doug. Virgil, 187, 5. And sayand this, he gan his templis tuay, Couir with myrthus, that is his raoderis tre.

Ibid. 129, 46. Rudd. says that tuay and tway, are used metri causa.

But although twa is the common pron. S„ tway is that of the Southern counties. Twey occurs in O. E. " No man may serve twey lordis." Wiclif, Matt. vi. The schip was dounborn, — with other busses tuey.

R. Brunne, p. 158. Moes.G. twa, twai, A.S. twa, tweg, Franc. Isl. Precop.

tua, Su.G. twaa, ane. toa, Belg. twee. T W A - B E A S T - T R E E , S. The swingle-tree in the Orcadian

plough by which two horses draw. *?. TW A - F A C E D , adj. Double; deceitful; often used to denote one who curries favour with both parties, S, See 8. Formed like A.S. twi-spaece, double-tongued.

T W A - F A L D , T W A - F A W L D , adj. 1. Double; two-fold, S.

Bot a stane, That come fra hycht, has hym oure-tane, And twa-fawld down it can hym bere, And stekyd hym on his awyn spere.

Wyntown, viii. 37. 151. He has broke three ribs in that ane's side, But and his collar bane;

He's laid him twa fold ower his steed; 599

T W E Bade him carry the tidings hame.

Minstrelsy, Border, i. 79, 2. The term is often used to denote a person bowed down with age or infirmity. See Sup. A.S. twe-feald, Sw. twefallt, duplex.

T W A - H A N D E D C R A C K . A familiar conversation between

two persons, that which is held tite-d-tite, S. See S. T W A - H A N D I T SWERD. A two-handed sword. *?.

T W A - H A N D I T W A R K . Work so imperfectly done at

first that it must be performed, again. *?, TWA-HORSE-TREE, S. A strong swingle-tree stretcher of a plough at which two horses draw. *?,

TWA-LOFTED, adj. Having two stories. »?.

T W A MEN. The Duumviri of Rome. *?. T W A PART, T W A P A R T E , two-thirds. See Sup.

The ford buke of Eneadoun Twiching the lufe and dede of Dido quene, The tua part of hys volume doth contene.

Doug. Virgil, Pref. 6, 9. This mode of expression is still quite common, S.B. The

twa part and third, i, e. two-thirds, and the remaining one. T W A - P A R T A N D T H R I D . The two-thirds of any thing. *?.

T W A - P E N N I E S , s.pl. A n old copper coin ; the third part of an E. halfpenny, Syn. Bodle. 8.

T W A - Y E A R - A U L D , T W A - Y E A R - A L L , s. A heifer that is

two years old. 8. T W A S U M , adj. Two in company, or abreast; a twosome dance. V, S U M , term. Also a s., a pair ; a couple. *?.

T W A - T H R E E , s. A few, S. q. two or three. See Sup.

TWAY, adj. Two. V. TWA. T W AL, adj. Twelve, S.

And Alexandir the Conqueroure, That conqueryt Babilonys tour, And all this warld off lenth and breid, In twal yher, throw his douchty deid, Wes syne destroyit throw pwsoune, In hys awyne howss, throw gret tressoune.

Edit. Pink. Barbour, i. 532. In MS., however, it is xii. The auld kirk-hammer strak the bell Some wee short hour ayont the twal. Burns, iii. 49.

Moes.G. twalib, twalif, id. TW A L - H O U R S , S. 1.Twelve o'clock, 2,Aluncheonornun-cheon. Sometimes called eleven-hours, if taken early,*?.

TWALPENNIES, s. A penny sterling; twelvepence S. S. T W A L - P E N N Y W O R T H , S. A pennyworth. *?.

To T W A S P U R , v. a. To gallop. *?. To T W E D D L E , T W E E L , V. a. To work cloth in such a manner, that the woof appears to cross the warp vertically, kersey-wove, S. A.S. twaede, duplex; or twa, and dael, part.

TW E D D L I N , T W E D D L E N , S. Cloth that is tweeled ; used

also as an adj.; as, tweddlen sheets, sheets of cloth wrought as described above, S. See Sup,

To T W E E L , T W E A L , TWEIL, V. a. To weave cloth

diagonally. <?• T W E E L , s. 1. The manufacture of cloth that is tweeled. 2. At times metaph. in regard to literary composition.

He seems to understand the tweel O' rustic rhyme. SKINNER. S.

TWEELIN, adj. Of or belonging to cloth that is tweeled. 8. TWEEL, adv. Truly.TwEEL NO, no indeed.V. ATWEEL.*?, TWEELIE, s, A quarrel; a broil. Syn. Tuilyie. S. To TWEELIE, v.n. To contend. *?. T WEESH, prep. Betwixt. V. ATWEESH, BETWEESH. *?.

T W I T W I TWEILD D01R. V. TOLDOUR. 8. TWELLIE, s. A dispute. Syn. Tuilyie. 8. T W E L T , T W A L T , adj. The twelfth. *?. To T W I C H E , TW I T C H , v.a. 1. To touch, S.B.

" Thou art thrumbled and thrusted by the multitude, and yet thou speeris quha hes twitehed thee," Bruce's Serm. Sacr. J. 5. a. 2. To touch, metaph.

Caxtoun, for dreid thay suld his lippis skaude, Durst neuer twiche this vark for laike of knalage.

Doug. Virgil, Pref. 7, 43. Hence twiching, prep, touching, concerning. But twiching Virgyllis honoure and reuerence, Quho euer contrary, I mon stand at defence.

V. T W A P A R T . Doug. Virgil, Pref. 8, 6. To T W I D D L E one out ofa thing. To circumvent; to obtain by cozening means. Synon. with E, Diddle. *?.

To T W I G , v. a. To pull hastily, S.B. twitch, E. See 8. Let rantin billies twig the string, An' for anither mutchkin ring.

Morison's Poems, p. 78. Both this and the E. v. twitch, also, tweag, tweak, to

pinch, are evidently from A.S. twicc-ian, vellicare, Germ. twick-en, id.

T W I G , S. A quick pull; a twitch, S. To T W I G , v. a. To put cross ropes on the thatch of a

house. T W I G - R A P E , S. A rope used for this purpose. *?. To T W I G , v. a. To cut the skin ofa sheep in shearing. *?. TWYIS, adv. Twice. 8. To T W I L T , v. a. To quilt. T W I L T , s. A quilted bed-cover. *?. T W Y N , adj. Ln twyn, in twain ; asunder.

The Sothron als war sundryt than in twyn, Bot thai agayne to gidder sone can wyn.

Wallace, iv. 637. M S . Hys bow with hors sennonis bendit has he, Tharin ane takill set of souir tre; And tasand vp bis armes ser in twyn, Thus vnto Jouy lawly did begyn To make his first peticioun and prayere.

Doug. Virgil, 300, 2. A.S. twegen, twain, from tweg, two. Moes.G. twa has

twans in the accus. Su.G. twaenne, the old feminine of twaa. The phrase occurs in another passage, which deserves

our attention. Wallace send Blayr, in his preistis weid, To warn the west, quhar freyndys had gret dreid, H o w thai suld pass, or to gud Wallace wyn, For Inglissmen that held thaim lang in twyn.

Wallace, ix. 1237. M S . This might, without any violence, signify in doubt, as

A.S. twyn and tweon denote doubt, hesitation; and twyn-an, to doubt. But it seems rather to mean asunder.

It may, however, be worth while to observe, that these terms are formed from twa, tweg, two, as Su.G. twek-a, dubitare, from twaa; because, as Ihre remarks, the thoughts, in a state of hesitation, are as it were drawn into two parts. The same metaphor, he adds, prevails in almost all languages. Thus Heb. 7X^1), shanah, dubitare, is from iy\tf, sherd, duo; Gr. loir), dubium, loictga, &c, from 8t*o; as Lat. ambigo, and dubite, from ambo and duo; Moes.G. tusver-ian, haesitare, from twa, in compos, tus ; Belg. twan-tel-en, Alem. zueh-on, id. from twee, and zwey.

To T W I N , T W Y N E , v.n. To part; to separate. Thre slew he thar, twa fled with all thair mycht Eftir thar lord, bot he was out of sycht, Takand the mure, or he and thai couth twyne.

Wallace, i. 420. M S . 600

Syne eftir thir, all sory and full of care, The thrid place haldis, and sail euermare, Giltles folk, that for disdene, wo, or fede, With thare awin handis wrocht thare self to dede, And irkit of the lyfe that thay war in Thare sueit saulis made fra the body twyn.

Doug. Virgil, 179, 8. To twyn with, is now used in the same sense, S. M y daddy is a canker'd carle He'll no twin wi' his gear. Herd's Colkction, ii. 64.

This may be immediately from Twyn, q, v. A.S. twaem-an signifies separare, sejungere. The v. tuynne, however, occurs in O.E.

W e se alle day in place thing that a man Wynnes, It is told purchace, whedir he it hold or tuynnes.

R. Brunne, p. 86. To T W I N , V. a. To twin one out ofa thing, to deprive him of it, applied especially to solicitation or strata­gem, as the mean of success, S.B.

To T W I N o' or of, v. a. To part from. 8. To T W I N , v. a. To empty; to throw out, V. T U M E . *?. TWINE,* s. Intricate vicissitude. *?. TWINE-SPINNER, s. A ropemaker. ,?. To T W I N E , v. a. To chastise. *?. To T W I N G L E , v. n. To twine round. S. T W Y N R Y S , s. pi. "Pincers; nippers; from twine,

q. d. twiners," Rudd. Oft with his richt hand serchis he in vane, To ripe the outgate of the wound sa wide, And for to seik the schaft on euery syde, Wyth his twynrys, and grippand turkes sie, To thrist the hede, and draw furth pressis he.

Doug. Virgil, 424, 7. T W I N T E R , $. A beast that is two years old, S.

A. Bor.; corr. quinter. Fyue twinteris britnyt he, as was the gyis, And als mony swine, and tydy qwyis.

Doug. Virgil, 130, 34. A.S. twy-winter, duos annos natus. A cow of three

years old was called thry-winter, triennis. Aelfr. Gl. See S. T W I R K , s. A twitch. S. T W Y S , TWYSS , s. Perhaps, a girdle or sash. *?. TWISCAR,TuYSKER,fi. AFlauckter-spadeor Tuskar,q.v. To T W I S L E , v. a. To twist; to fold. V. T W U S S L E . S. T W I S T , T W Y S T , s. A twig; a small branch; Chaucer, id.

The King then wynkyt a litill wey; And slepyt nocht full encrely; Bot gliffnyt up oft sodanly. For he had dreid off thai thre men, That at the tothyr fyr war then. That thai his fais war he wyst; Tharfor he slepyt, as foule on twyst.

Barbour, vii. 188. MS. Ane vthir small twist of ane tre I chesit For to brek doun, the cavsis to assay Of this mater, that was vnknowin alway.

Doug. Virgil, 68, 8. Teut. twist, rami abscissi, ramalia; Kilian. Junius thinks

that this may be deduced from twist-en, duplicare, because such small branches are generally intertwined.

T W Y S T , adv. Twice; the vulgar pronunciation. *?. To T W I T C H , v. a. To touch. V. TWI C H E . T W I T C H , s. Touch. In a twitch, in a moment. *?. TWITTER. 1. " That part of a thread that is spun too small." Yarn is said to be twined to twitters, when twined too small, S. Hence, to twitter yarn, to spin it unequally, A. Bor. Ray. See Sup.

V A D V A I Z. It is transferred to any person or thing that is slen­der or feeble. It is said ofa lank delicate girl; "She's a mere twitter," S. "You are as small as the twitter of a twin'd rusky;"

S. Prov. Kelly, p. 395. V. R U S K Y . Can it be allied to A.S, tyddr, fragilis, debilis ?

T W I T T E R Y , adj. Slender; properly, spun very small. *?. T W N E , fi. Tin. S. TWOLDERE, s. V. DOIR and TOLDOUR. *?. T W O L T , s. A coverlet for a bed; a variety of Twilt. 8.

V, in some of our old printed books, is invariably used for W ; as in the Complaynt of Scotland. It is not therefore to be supposed that W was pron. V ; or that it was even written in this manner. In M S S . these letters are properly distinguished. Often in­deed W is written instead of V or U ; as in grewys for grevys, grieves, leioys for levys, lives. W h e n it is thus used as a vowel, Mr. Macpherson has marked

it with two dots, in this manner, W ; to distinguish it from W consonant.

The reason why V is substituted in some old books for W , most probably is, tbat as this letter is not U3ed by the French, these were either printed in France, or, although the product of the Scottish press, executed either by Fr. compositors, or with Fr. types. It may be observed that in S. books printed in France, even where W is used, great awkwardness appears. The capital letter is frequently inserted in the middle of the word. In other instan­ces, for want of the proper letter, v. is doubled:

The words, therefore, printed with V as the initial let­ter, will in general be found under W .

VACANCE,fi. Vacation; applied to courts, schools, &c. VAD , s. Woad, a plant used by dyers. *?, V A D M E L L , s. A species of woollen cloth, manufac­tured and worn in the Orkneys. " The old men and women are just in the style of their

forefathers. As they are sprung from the Norwegians, they still continue to wear good strong black clothes with­out dying, called by the ancient Norse, Vadmell, and by them wrought in a loom called Upstagang; but now wrought in the common manner." P. Birsay, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xiv. 326.

Isl, vadmaal, pannus rusticus, seu vulgaris, Burillum, trihx, a vod; G. Andr. 244. According to Verel. it is comp. of vod, textum, and mai, mensuratum vel mensu-randum. The Vadmaal web in Iceland is legally twenty-four ells, in Denmark only twenty; G. Andr. p. 250. This cloth must be often at least, what we call in S.

tweeled. For it is also denominated Shaktvadmal, pannus vilior obliquis fibs textus ; Verel. p. 222. Skakt has the same meaning with S. shacht. V. SHACH.

V O L . II. 601

T W O - P E N N Y , ' * . A weak kind of beer, sold at two­pence the Scots pint, or two quarts, S.

" They make their own malt, and brew it into that kind of drink called Two-penny, which, till debased in conse­quence of multiplied taxes, was long the favourite liquor of all ranks of people in Dundee." Dundee, Statist. Ace. ^ viii. 250. Hence,

T W O - P E N N Y - , (or T I P P E N Y - ) H O U S E , S. A n alehouse, S.

V. TlPPANISE, V. To T W U S S L E , v. a. Perhaps a dimin. from Twist, v. 8.

The name of this cloth is not unknown in some counties in E. " Woadmel. A coarse hairy stuff made of Iceland wool, and brought from thence by our seamen to Norfolk and Suffolk." Grose's Prov.Gl. V. Wadmal, Ihre,vo. Wad.

V A G E , s. A voyage. Syn. Veadge and Viage. S. t V A G E I T , part. pa. Vageit men, mercenary troops. ; " In the battle was slain Archibald Earl of Murray, [ with divers other gentlemen, vageit men and commons."

Pitscottie, p. 55. V. W A G E O U R . V A G E R , V A G E O U R E , S. A mercenary soldier. V.

WAGEOUR. . V A G G L E , s. A place where meat is hung for the ' purpose of being smoked. *?.

v To VAGUE, v.n. To roam. V. VAIG. *?. ( V A G I N G , s. The habit of strolling idly. *?. , To V A I G , v.n. 1. To wander; to roam. Vagit, pret. . " Quhen Metellus hed vagit vp and doune there ane , lang tyme, and hed put his host and armye in ignorance,

and his enemes in errour, eftir diuerse turnand coursis athourtht the cuntre, he returnit suddanlye to the forsaid toune of Tribie, and laid ane sege about it or his eneraes var aduertest to mak deffens." Compl. S. p. 172.

The v. is still used, but especially as denoting idle wan­dering, S. as stravaig also is.

. 2. Metaph. applied to discourse. " The King should be judge, if a minister vaig from his

text in the pulpit." Mr. J. Melvill's M S . Mem. p. 323. Isl. vag-a, vakk-a, vagor, G. Andr. Lat. vag-ari; Moes.G.

A.S, wag-ian, Su.G. wagg-a, Belg. waeg-en, fluctuare. ] V A I G , S. A wandering fellow; a vagrant. *?. T V A I G E R , S. A stroller. *?ee Sup. r " An act against vaigers [strollers] from their own mi­

nisters—is past the committee without a contrary voice." Baillie's Lett. ii. 257. V. the v.

V A I G L E , s. A peg to which stalled cattle are fixed. *?. j To V A I K , V A I C K , W A K E , V. n. To be vacant; to be

unoccupied. "Se we nocht daylie be experience, gyfe ane benefice

vaick, the gret men of the realme wyll haue it for tempo-rail reward ?" Kennedy of Crosraguell, pp. 79, 80.

s "When all these—are provided, it is thought some 3 thousands of churches must vaik for want of men."

Baillie's Lett. ii. 55.

4G

V. u.

V A L V A N

Thare than wakyd the Papys se; And chosyn syne til it wes he.

Wyntoum, v. 12. 1136. Fr. vaqu-er, Lat. vac-are.

To V A I C K on, v. a. To attend to ; to be exercised in. *?. To VAIL, V A L E , V. n. To make obeisance; to bow.

The quhilk stude up, and rich [richt] wyselie did vail Unto the King, and thus began his taill.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 12. —Before Cupide, voting his cappe a lite, Speris the cause of that vocacioun.

Henrys/one's Test. Creseide, Chron. S.P. i. 165. This v. has perhaps been formed as primarily denoting

the obeisance made by servants, when they expected a vail or vale, i. e. a gratuity from visiters. Johns, derives this from avail, profit, or Lat. vale, farewell. Perhaps from Fr. veill-er, to watch, studiously to attend.

VA1LYEANT,«<#. Valid ; available. To the avail of.*?. V A L I E N T , S. The value of one's property. Thair haill valient, synon. with, all that they are worth. *?.

V A I L Y E Q U O D V A I L Y E . " A t all adventure, be the issue as it will;" Rudd.

Syne perdoun me sat sa for in my lycht, And I sal help to smore your fait, leif brother, Thus vailye quod vailye, ilk gude dede belpis uthir.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 272, 38. Fr. vaille que vaille, Lat. valeat quantum valere potest.

Does not the phrase, as used by Doug., rather seem exactly analogous to the Lat., as signifying, " as far as possible, as far as it can go ?" The sense is evidently the same, in the following passage. Bot thai wald, apon nakyn wyss, Ische till assaile thaim in fechting, Till coweryt war the nobill King, Bot and othir wald thaim assaillye, Thai wald defend wailye quod wailye.

Barbour, ix. 147. MS. i. e. " As far as their power could avail them."

VAILLIS.fi.jo/. Apparently, veils, *?. V A I R S C A L L , V A I R - S T A W , S . Perhaps, a stall for wares. V A I R T I E , adj. Early. V. V E R T I E . *?. To V A K E , v. n. To watch; to observe ; to study. Lat. vac-are.

All day scho sittis vakand besely, Apoun the top of nobillis houses, to spy.

Doug. Virgil, 106, 23. V A L A B I L , adj. Available ; or of value. *?. V A L A W I S H , adj. Profuse; lavish. *?. V A L E , s. The gunwale of a vessel.

His wattry hewit bote, haw as the se, Towart thame turnis and addressis he, And gan approch vnto the bra in haist: Syne vthir saulis expellit has and chaist Furth of his bate, quhilk sat endlangis the vale : He strekis sone his airis, and grathis his sale.

V. W A I L . Doug. Virgil, 178, 6. To V A L E , v.n. To descend.

Ensample (quod sche) tak of this tofore, That fro my quhele be rollit as a ball,

For the nature of it is euermore After an hicht to vale, and geve a fall.

Ring's Quair, v. 21. It seems contr. from Fr. devall-er, id.

V A L E , fi. 1. Avail; weight. 2. Worth ; value. *?. V A L E N T I N E , s. 1. A billet, which is folded in a par­

ticular way, and sent by one young person to another, on St. Valentine's day, the 14th of February, S. The terra, as used in E., would seem to be confined to

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persons. Thus Valentines are defined by Blount: " Either saints chosen for special patrons for a year, according to the use of the Romanists; or men or women chosen for special loving friends by an ancient custom upon St. Va­lentine's day;" Glossograph. 2. Transferred to the sealed letters sent by royal authority, to chieftains, landholders, &c. for the pur­pose of apprehending disorderly persons. " That tbe Justice-Clerk sail twise in the yeir,—procure

the Kingis Majesties close Valentines, to be sent to the Maisters, Landis-lords, Baillies and Cfiieftaines of all not­able limmers and thieves, chargeing to present them, outher before his Majesties self, or before the Justice, and his de­putes, at the day and place to be appoynted, to underly the lawes, conforme to the lawes and generall bande, and under the paines conteined in the same, and to try quhat obedience beis schawin be the persones, quhoni unto the saidis Valentines sail be directed." Acts, Ja. VI. 1587.C. 103. This St. Valentine is called " preist and mart[yr] at

Rome vnder Claudius;" Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Kalen-dar. For what reason he was chosen to preside over Friendship, 1 cannot pretend to say.

V A L H O O S E , s. An oblong chest, especially for hold­ing grain ; a hutch or bin. *?.

V A L I A B I L L , adj. Valid; q. available. *?. V A L I C O T , S. Sark valicot appears to signify a shift

made of flannel or plaiding. Syn. Wylecot, q. v. *?. V A L I E N C I E , s. Strength ; hardihood, *?. VALISES, s.pl. Saddlebags, S. walkes.

" The country people watched them when they were alone, or but few together, and sometimes robbed them of their horses, sometimes of their valises and luggage." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 95. V. WA L L E E S .

V A L L O U S , VELLOUS, S. Velvet. *?. V A L O U R , V A L U R E , S. Value, Skene ; Fr. valeur.

" Quhen any man is adjudged and decerned to be the natiue or bond-man to any maister; the maister may— take fra him all his gudes and geir, vntill the valour of foure pennies." Quon. Attach, c. 56. s. 7.

V A L T E R , s. Water. *?. V A L U E D O M , s. Value ; worth. *?. To V A M P E R , v.n. To make an ostentatious appear­ance, S.A. perhaps corr. from E. vapour.

VANDIE, adj. Ostentatious. VANDIE , S. A vain, vaunting, self-conceited fellow ; a braggadocio. *?.

V A N E , s. L A vein. Be this the Quene, with heuy thochtis vnsound, In euery vane nurissis the grene wound.

Doug. Virgil, 99, 16. 2. A fibre, or shoot.

Welcum the lord of licht, and Iampeof day, Welcum fosterare of tendir herbis grene, Welcum quhikkynnar of flurist flouris schene, Welcum support of euery rute and vane, Welcum confort of al kind frute and grane.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 403, 40. Up has sche pullit Dictam, the herbe swete, Of leuis rank, rypit, and wounder fare, Wyth sproutis, spraingis, and vanys ouer al quhare.

Ibid. 424, 28. This seems merely a metaph. use of the same term.

V A N E - O R G A N I S , S. pi.

To be a leiche he fenyt him thair, Quhilk mony a man might rew evirmair; For he left nowthir sick nor sair Unslane, or he hyne yeid. Vane-organis he full clenely carvit.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 19. Lord Hailes conjectures that this may denote the veins

V A R V A U of the head. But tbe learned writer is undoubtedly mis­taken. For the phrase is evidently borrowed from Fr.

. Veines organiques, which, according to Cotgr., has the same meaning with Veines iliaques, " the iliac or flank veines, two main descendent branches of the hollow vein, a right and a left one, from either of which five others issue. Tbe right one," he says, " is opened against the dropsy, and other diseases of the liver; the left one for the passion of the spleen." There is no reason, then, for sup­posing, with Lord Hailes, that the operation, referred to by Dunbar, was by means of cupping glasses. The carving, or opening of the organic veins, even without the use of these glasses, seems to have been then accounted a nice and important operation.

V A N H A P , W A N H A P , S. Misfortune, S. " O quhat vankap, quhat dyabolic temptatione, quhat

misire, quhat maledictione, or quhat vengeance is this that hes succumbit your honour, ande hes blyndit your ene fra theperspectione of your extreme ruuyne?" Compl.S.p. 111.

On the blynd craggis myscbeuuslye Fast stikkis scho, choppand hard quhynnis in hye, And on the scharp skellyis, to hir wanhap, Smate with sic fard, the airis in flendris lap.

Doug. Virgil, 134, 26. Dr. Ley den justly observes that Isl. van signifies want,

privation, as Moes.G. wan, A.S. wana ; wanian, to want. Gl. Compl. V. W A N E .

VAN1T. V A N Y T , part. pa. Veined, or waved. *?. VANQUISH,*. A disease of sheep, S. Pine,&c. See 8.

" The peculiar disadvantages of it are,—the pernicious quality ofa species of grass to the health of the sheep in 2 or 3 farms on the side of the Dee, infecting them with a disease called the Vanquish, i. e. it weakens, wastes, and would at last kill them, unless removed to another farm ; but [they] are no sooner removed than they recover their health, and gradually their strength and fatness. This disease is of a different nature from the Rot; for rotten sheep put upon these farms (1 am told) often recover." P. Kells, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. iv. 267. " In one or two farms a disease also prevails termed the

Vanquish. It arises from feeding on dry barren moss, void of all nourishment, to which the creatures are so attached, that they will never leave it till they die of emaciation. In this disease the horns usually become red." P. Carsefairn, Kirkcudb. Statist. Ace. vii. 518. In these quotations, the designation of this disease is

evidently viewed as borrowed from the E. v. It may be observed, however, that Isl. vanke is mentioned by G. Andr. as a disease of sheep. He indeed describes it as especially affecting the brain. Mutilatio sanitatis, prae-sertim in cerebro. Vanhadr, Laesus sanitate cerebri; ovibus accidit; Lex. p. 247.

To VANT, v. a. To want. *?. VANTOSE, s. A cupping-glass. *?. VARDINGARD, s. A farthingale. *?, To VARY, VAIRIE, v.n. Applied to one who exhibits the first symptoms of delirium, as the effects of bodily disorder; as, " I observe him vairyin' the day." *?,

VARIANT, adj. Variable, Fr. The remanant

That menen well, and are not variant, For otheris gilt are suspect of vntreuth.

King's Quair, iv. 14. VARLET,* s. A wizard or warlock. 8. V A R L O T , V E R L O T , S. 1. A n inferior servant.

The Bishops first, with Prelats and Abbottis, With thair Clarks, servants and Varlottis; Into ane hall, was large, richt hie, and budge, Thir Prelats all richt lustelie couth ludge.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 5. 603

2. It sometimes particularly denotes a groom. The bissy knapis and verlotis of his stabil About thaym stude, ful yape and seruiabil.

Doug. Virgil, 409, 19. Menage considers this as the same with Fr. valet, origi­

nally written varlet. These terms are accordingly used promiscuously in O.Fr. writings. V. Du Cange. Valetus. Tiro, operarius mercenarius. Bullet gives varied as an Arm. word of the same sense ; deriving valet from it. Some, however, have viewed varlet as a dimin. from

Su.G. war, Germ, wer, Lat. vir, a man ; as it does not merely denote a servant, but a stripling. Rudd. observes that E. varlet " of old was taken in a

good sense for yeomen and yeomen servants, as in a re­pealed Stat. 20 of Rich. II. of England." Varlet, jeune homme, jeune galant; Gl. Rom. de la Rose.

V A R S T A Y . s . Meaning doubtful. V. VA I R S C A L L . * ? . VASIS, VAISIS, s.pl. In Inventories ; unexplained. *?. V A S K E N E , V A S Q U I N E , S. Perhaps, a petticoat or kirtle. V A S S A L A G E , W A S S E L A G E J S. 1. Any great achieve­

ment. " Ane knycht of Ingland intendyng to do ane hardy

vassalage come on ane swift hors out of the castell but armour." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 12. Facinus, Boeth.

Sa weile defendyt he his men That quha sa euir had seyne him then Prowe sa worthely wasselage, Aud turn sa oft sythis the wisage, He suld say he awcht weill to be A king of a gret rewate. Barbour, iii. 57. M S.

2. Fortitude ; valour. See Sup. " This Alexander Carron be his singular vassalage slew

sindry of thir conspiratouris with ane crukit swerd afore the King, & was callit thairfore Skrimgeour, that is to say, ane scharp fechter." Bellend. B. xii. c. 15. Ob singula-rem virtutem; Boeth.

War he nocht owtrageouss hardy, He had nocht wnabasytly Sa smertly sene his awantage. I drede that his gret wassalage, And his trawaill, may bring till end That at men quhile full litill kend.

Barbour, vi. 22. MS. Fr. vasselage is used iu the old romances, as denoting

valour; and, a valiant or worthy deed; Cotgr. The rea­son of this use of the term, according to Rudd., is, that " at first lands were given by superiors to vassals for mili­tary service, and these were best rewarded, who signalized themselves by their valour: the same way as Miles and Knight came to be titles of honour." Wachter views vassal as a dimin. from L.B. vass-us, a

client, a dependant; and this he deduces from C.B. gwas, a servant. Verel. derives it from Isl. veislumen, feudatorii, from veisla, a feast. Hence veislumen, those who were bound to serve such as sat at a feast, which was the duty imposed on feudatories by the ancient Goths. V. Seren.

V A S T , s. A great quantity or number; as, " H e has a vast o' grand;" " They keep a vast o' servants." *?.

To V A U C E , v. a. To stab ; to kill. Hidder belife sal cum cruell Pirrus, Quhilk vaucys the son before the faderis face, And gorris the fader at the altere but grace.

Doug. Virgil, 61, 4. '" From Fr. fausse, pierced, run or thrust through, fossus

vel confossus; vel afauch-er, to mow, cut down, as the Lat. demetere caput ense ;" Rudd.

V A U D I E , W A D Y , adj. 1. Gay ; showy, S.B. used in thesame sense with E.gaudy. Airy; cheerful. See8-

U D A IT D A

2. Vain, Aberd. Then all the giglets, young and gaudy, Sware — I might be wady—

Forbes's Dominie Depos'd, p. 40. 3. It sometimes denotes any thing great or uncom­mon, Ang.

This, I suppose, is from the show made, or the attention attracted, by an object of this description.

E. gaudy seems the same with our vaudie, with this dif­ference, that tbe latter retains the Goth. form. Skinner derives the former from Lat. gaud-ere, to rejoice, or Fr. gaude, a yellow flower. Gaude, however, according to Cotgr., denotes the stalk of a certain plant which produces a yellow dye. Seren. derives gaudy from Isl. gaud, the name given to God by the pagan Goths; used, after the introduction of Christianity, to denote a thing of nought. Belg. weydsch might be viewed as allied to our term, as it signifies, taudry, flaunting; Sewel.

V A U E N G E O U R , s. A vagabond; one who strolls about idly ; a Waffie. 8. — " To cause idill men vauengeouris to laubour for thair

Ieuing for the eschewing of vicis and idilnes, and for the commoun proffeit and vniversall weill of the realme ; it is thocht expedient," &c. Acts, Ja. II. 1493. c. 81. Edit. 1566.

L.B. wayv-iare, relinquere. V. W A I F . V A U N T Y , adj. Boastful, S. Fr. vanteux.

Altbo' m y father was nae laird, 'Tis daffin to be vaunty,

He keepit ay a good kail-yard, A ha' house and a pantry.—Ritson's S. Songs, i. 182.

Fr. se vanter, to vaunt. The adj. is used in the form of vanteux.

U B I T , adj. pron. as oobit. Dwarfish. V. V O W B E T . *?. U C H E , s. A n ouch, or ornament of gold. *?. U D A L , adj. A term applied to lands held by unin­

terrupted succession, without any original charter, and without subjection to feudal service, or the ac­knowledgment of any superior. " Previously to that aera [the Reformation,] the lands'

here, like those in the eastern countries, seem to have acknowledged no superior, nor to have been held by any tenure, but were called odal or udal lands; the charac­teristic of which is, that they are subject to no feudal ser­vice, nor held of any superior.—The holders of these lands, or, what is the same thing, the proprietors of them were, of all men, reckoned the most honourable. Hence, the frequent mention that is made, not only in the cele­brated Danish historian [Torfaeus,] and in the noted de­duction so often quoted [Wallace's Diploma,] but even in the elegant Latin historian of Scotland [Buchanan,] of the Proceres Orcadum, or the nobles of Orkney. This appel­lation, however, could not have been bestowed on all the proprietors of this description, who seem to have been very numerous, but was probably confined principally to tbe earls, their relations and connexions, who held their lands in this manner." Barry's Orkney, p. 219.

This term has been viewed as synou. with allodial. — " These udal or allodial lands are directly opposed to

fees or feus, which are always subject to a rental or feu-duty to a superior, to which the other never were, but only paid tithe, which appears to have been exacted from almost all lands whatever; and scat, which, in the language of the mother country, is said to signify tribute, land-tax or ground-subsidy," Ibid.

" It is very probable that all the lands in Shetland were alkdial or udal. The proprietor had no right to shew but uninterrupted succession." P. Aithsting, Shetl. Statist, Ace. vii. 584.

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The idea attached to udal corresponds to the significa­tion of allodial.

" Allodial subjects, or subjects granted in alode, are op­posed to feus. B y these are understood lands or goods enjoyed by the owner independent of any superior, or without any feudal homage." Erskine's Instit. B. ii. T. 3. s. 8.

Udal property has, in one instance, been distinguished from allodial, but, as would seem, improperly.

" There are three kinds of tenure of land in Scotland. First, the Feudal.—Secondly, the Allodial, which in the German language signifies free, without paying any quit rent, or having a superior; and Thirdly, the Udal, being a right compleat without writing; this obtains in Orkney and Zetland, and in the buildings of the Four Towns of the parish of Lochmaben.—The lands of Four Towns were granted by one of our kings to his household ser­vants, or garrison of the castle, and the property of each being small, they were allowed, as a kind of indulgence, to hold it without the necessity of charter and sasine, bare possession being a sufficient title. The tenants pay a small rent to the Viscount of Stormont, but have no charter or sasine from him. The property of these lands is transferred from one person to another, by delivery and possession only; but they must be entered in the rental in Lord Stormont's rental-book, which is done without fee or reward." P. Lochmaben, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. vii. 239.

The small rent paid to Lord Stormont may have been equivalent to the scat mentioned above, although after­wards consigned to a subject; otherwise, these towns cannot strictly be viewed as udal property.

In like manner, " some of the udal lands [in Orkney] pay a small proportion of yearly rent to the King, and to the kirk ; and some of them do not pay any thing to the one or to the other." P. Stronsay, Statist. Ace. xv. 393.

Allodial property has thus been distinguished from udal, on the ground that the latter implies " a right compleat without writing." But this appears to have been merely a local peculiarity of possessions of the udal kind, forming no essential difference between them and those called allodial.

Erskine, when speaking of " the udal right of the stewartry of Orkney and Shetland," says ; " When these islands were first transferred from the crown of Denmark to that of Scotland, the right of their lands was held by natural possession, and might be proved by witnesses, without any title in writing; which had probably been their law formerly, while they were subject to Denmark ; and to this day, the lands, the proprietors of which have never applied to the sovereign, or those deriving right from him, for charters, are enjoyed in this manner: but where the right of lands in that stewartry has once been constituted by charter and seisin, the lands must from that period be governed by the common feudal rules ; except church-lands, whose valuation is no higher than L.20 Scots, the proprietors of which are allowed, by 1690, c. 32. to enjoy their property by the udal right, without the necessity of renewing their infeftmeuts." Ersk. ut sup.

There is no good reason to doubt that allodial and udal are originally one term. Erskine indeed has observed, that the former " is probably derived from a, privativa, and leode, or leude, a German vocable used in the middle ages for vassal, or f delis, (from whence the term liege probably draws its origin;) for the proprietor of allodial subjects is laid under no obligations of fidelity to a supe­rior." Instit. ubi sup.

Our learned countryman, Dr. Robertson, has adopted Wachter's etymon. "Alode," he says, "or allodium, is compounded of the German particle an and lot, i. e. land obtained by lot. Wachter, Gloss. Germ. voc. Allodium,

U D A U D A p. 35. It appears by the authorities produced by him and by D u Cange, voc. Sors, that the northern nations divided the lands which they had conquered in this manner. Feodum is compounded of od possession or estate, and feo, wages, pay; intimating that it was stipendiary, and granted as a recompense for service. Wachter, ibid. voc. feodum, p. 441." Hist. Charles V. Vol. I. Proofs, p. 270. Alode (L.B. aiod-is, alod-us, alod-ium, alaud-ium,) seems

to be merely odal or udal inverted. This is the opinion of Wachter, vo. Allodium. Loccenius evidently enter­tained a similar idea. For he expl. odhelby, as signifying an allodial village.—Ille cum Modioli, veteri et principali pago (Odhelby), ex communi pagi silva possidebit ligna uremalia. Sueciae Leg. Provinc. p. 173. Verel. also expl. Odal, bona avita, fundi, allodium ; Ind. p. 184.

Odal, according to Wormius, "denotes hereditary goods, or praedia libera, subjected to no servitude ; to which feuda [S. feus] are opposed, as lying under this bondage. This word," he says, " agrees with Allodium, which denotes an inheritance derived from ancestors, and inseparable from the family. Hence Allodarii, those who held inheritances of this kind, and could enter into agreements with respect to their possessions, without consulting their lords." Mon. Danic. p. 507. 508. The basis of the term odal, udal, undoubtedly is Su.G.

od, ane. aud, oed, possession. This is analogous to the etymon of Feod-um given by Robertson. It is rather surprising, that it did not occur to the learned writer, that this etymon of feodum rendered that which he gives of alode extremely suspicious, it being natural to suppose that both these terms would contain a reference to the' mode of possession. There is more difficulty in determining the origin of

the termination. It has been supposed, with considerable probability, that it is from ald-ur, aetas, antiquitas, Germ. alt, old, as denoting ancient possession. Accordingly, Su.G. odaljord signifies that which has been long in pos­session ; odalsmadr, a man who possesses an ancient pro­perty ; odalboren, one who has by his birth the possession of an ancient property; odalby, a primitive and ancient village, i. e. one built by the first inhabitants ofa country, as distinguished from those erected in later times. Obrien, and after him General Vallancey, says, that " Ir. allod, -ancient, is the original, upon which the Lat. allodium, sig­nifying ancient property, hath been formed."

Verelius, perhaps with greater probability, derives al­lodium from all, omnis, and aude, possessio, plena et totalis possessio, q. as excluding any superior. Ind. vo. Luta, p. 163. Some have supposed that al is contr. from Su.G., adel,

noble. But there is a possibility, that, notwithstanding the change of the vowels, adel and odal may have been originally the same. This might seem to be con­firmed, not only from the A.S. synonyme being sometimes written oethel, but from its also signifying, patria, regio. The presumption, however, is still stronger from the Isl. term odalboren, nobly born, being so similar to Su.G., adalborin, and A.S. aethelboren, which have precisely the same signification. Alem. adalerbi is expl. as synon. with alode, Allodium nobile, immune, liberum, hereditas et possessio libera et exemta; Schilt. Gl. vo. Adhal, p. 10.

If this conjecture be well-founded, A.S. oethel has originally conveyed the idea of one who had an allodial property, or who acknowledged no superior. V. A T U I L L . " From a comparison," it has been observed, " between

the laws by which this udal property was inherited, sold, redeemed, or transmitted from one person to another, and some of the Mosaical institutions mentioned in Scripture, some have imagined that the former were derived from the latter; and indeed it must be confessed that there are

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between them many striking points of resemblance." Barry's Orkney, p. 219. W e cannot with certainty, however, trace it any farther

back than to the irruption of the barbarous nations into the provinces of the Roman empire. The account which the elegant historian, formerly quoted, gives of the origin of allodial property, may be viewed as equally applicable to this. " Upon settling in the countries which they had subdued, the victorious troops divided the conquered lands. That portion which fell to every soldier, he seized as a recompense due to his valour, as a settlement acquired by his own sword. H e took possession of it as a freeman in full property. H e enjoyed it during his life, and could dispose of it at pleasure, or transmit it as an inheritance to his children. Thus property in land became fixed. It was at the same time allodial, i. e. the possessor had the entire right of property and dominion ; he held of no sovereign or superior lord, to w h o m he was bound to do homage, and perform service." Hist. Charles V. Vol I p. 256.

This mode of holding property seems to have been in­troduced into the Orkney islands immediately from Nor­way, during their subjection to that country, or to Earls of Norwegian extraction. In Norway, it is said, feudal tenures were not known. V. Barry, p. 218. " Different attempts were made to wrest this right from

the inhabitants of the Orkneys. Harold Harfager, about the beginning of the tenth century, commanded Earl Einar and all the inhabitants of Orkney to pay him sixty marks of gold. The landholders reckoning the fine too great, the Earl obtained this condition for them, that he should himself pay the whole fine, oc skylldi hann eignaz tha odol oil i eyonom; omnia in insulis bona allodalia vicis-sim.obtenturus; and that he should hold, in return, all the udal property in the islands." Long after, at Jarlar atto odol oil, "the Earls possessed all the udal property in the Orkneys, till Sigurd the son of Lewis restored it to the owners." Heimskr. ap. Johnst. Antiq. Celto-Scand., p. 11.

Harold Harfager had acted the same part in Norway, as did Einar in Orkney. W e learn accordingly, that when his son Hacon succeeded him, it was reported that in all re­spects he was such a prince as Harold, " with this single exception, that whereas Harold greatly oppressed all the subjects, Hacon desired to live on good terms with them, oc baud at gefa baendom odol sin, having promised to the possessors of land the restitution of their allodial rights, of which Harold had deprived them." Ibid, p. 62.

It is to be observed, that although bondom and baendom occur in the original here, and are rendered in the Lat. version, coloni, the terms are not to be understood as de­noting what we now call farmers. For, as we learn from Ihre, bonde, in one of its senses, denotes the possessor of his own inheritance, as distinguised from Landbo, Bryti, & c , which signify one who cultivates the land of ano­ther, paying rent, or a certain part of the produce, in return. V. H U S B A N D ; DAL-MAN, U D E L A R , U D A L L E R , S. One who holds

property by udal right. " The Udal-men with us were likewise called Rothmen

or Roythmen, i. e. Self-holders, or men holding in their own right, by way of contradistinction to feudatories." Fea's Grievances, p. 105.

There are six udelars in Deerness, persons whose pro­perty, in some parts of Orkney, is so small, as, if let to a tenant, would scarcely draw above a tub of bear, that is, about a firlot of yearly rent." P. St. Andrews, Orkn. Statist. Ace. xx. 260. " They are occupied, at least some of them, by men here

called udallers, who are little proprietors of land, that has

V E I V E N never been held by the feudal tenure, nor subjected to either service or payment to any superior." Barry's Ork­ney, p. 28. The smallness of the property of these landholders in

our times is thus accounted for : " As these udallers divided their lands among all their

children, (the son got two merks, and the daughter one; hence the sister part, a common proverb in Shetland to this day,) the possessions soon became trifling, and were swallowed up by great men, generally strangers, many of whom acquired estates in a very short time." P. Aithsting, Shetl. Statist, Ace. vii. 584. Had Dr. Barry attended to this cause of the gradual

diminution of the property of these landholders, in propor­tion to the increase of their number, he would have seen no reason for supposing, that the appellation of Proceres, or nobles, " could not have been bestowed on all tbe pro­prietors of this description, — but was probably confined to the earls, their relations and connexions." Eagerness for political influence has greatly contributed

to diminish the number of udallers, as none of this descrip­tion can vote for a member of Parliament. This is to be viewed as another reason, why, in the present time, the udal rights are to be found attached only to inconsiderable possessions. For as there are not " any persons of note, any more than of extensive property, to be found at present among that class of proprietors;" we are assured, that " all of that description have long ago relinquished their ancient udal rights, and hold their lands by the same ten­ures as those of the same rank in other parts of the king­dom." Barry's Orkney, p. 220. V. UDA L .

U D D E R - C L A P , s. A schirrous tumour affecting the udder of ewes, from an unexpected return of milk. *?.

To U D D E R - L O C K , v. a. To pluck the wool from the udders of ewes, to allow the lambs free access to the teats ; also for the sake of cleanliness. *?.

U D D E R - L O C K S , s.pl. The wool thus plucked off. *?. V D E R . W D E R . Often used in the sense of other. V. U T H I R . W D E R M A I R , adv. Moreover. 8. V E A D G E , s. Voyage. *?. VEAL,* s. Used for a calf. V. VEIL. *?. V E A N D , adj. Superannuated. *?. V E E F , adj. Brisk; lively ; the same with Vive, q. v. »?. V E E M , s. A close heat over the body, with redness in

theface, and perspiration. Inaveem, exalted in spirits.*?. V E E S , s. Some kind of disease.

— T h e weam-ill, the wild-fire, the vomit, & the vees. V. FEYK. Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 14. Teut. vaese signifies delirium; Isl. vas, tumultuarlus

impetus et gestus, from vas-a, cum impetu ferri. But as, in this poem, there is a strange mixture of the diseases of man and beast, it may rather be corr. from E. vives, a dis­ease in horses, in which there is an inflammation of the glands under the ear. O.E. viues, id. Palsgraue.

VEYAGE.fi. Voyage. 8. VEIL, s. A calf. *?. VEYLE, adv. Well.

Ve suld for owtyn his demyng, Haiff chosyn yow a king, that mycht Have haldyn veyle the land in rycht.

Barbour, i. 118. MS. VEIR, V E R , W E R E , W A I R , V O R , S. The spring.

This wes in ver, quhen wynter tid, With his blastis hidwyss to bid, Was our dry wyn : and byrdis smale, As turturis aud the nychtyngale, Begouth rycht sarielly to syng. Barbour, v. 1. MS,

606

In that ilk buk he teichis vs full rycht, The warld begouth in veir baith day and nycht.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 160, 18.

Fresche vere to burgioun herbis and sueit flouris, The bote somer to nuris come al houris

Ibid. 308, 18. " In Galloway they yet say wair;" Rudd. " It has long been remarked in Orkney, that if a man

and a dog land upon some of the islands in «»'-time, i. e. Spring, almost all the pregnant sheep take to running, and run till they fall down dead. On inquiry, I found that this was only in holms." Neill's Tour, p. 58. The radical term seems to have been very generally

diffused. Isl. vor, Su.G. waar, Lat. ver, Gr. IO-Q, Gael, earrach, id.

One writer, I find, ascribes an Egyptian origin to this word. The Egyptians, he says, having no occasion for any kind of manure, because the land was sufficiently fertilized by the overflowing of the Nile, " it was ordered, that all the rotten straw, mouldy corn, dung, &c, should be gathered and set on fire the first of February.—This day, called the lighted wisps and fires, or, the feast of the purification of the air, was proclaimed by an Isis and a Horus — The Horus was called our or ourim, the fire or firebrands; from whence that season of the year has been ever since called ouer, or wer, or ver, the Spring." Meagher's Popish Mass, p. 178. V. V O R .

V E L E , V E Y L , S. A violent current or whirlpool. " Betuix thir ills is oftymes richt dangerus passage, for

the see be contrarius stremes makis collision, sum tymes yettand out the tyd, and sum tymes swelleand and soukand it in agane, with sa forcy violence, that quhen the schippis ar saland throw thir dangerus veylis oftymes thay ar othir drownit, or ellis brokin on craggis. The gretest vek heirof is namit Corbrek." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 13. This seems the same with S. wele, wallie, Isl. veil, ebul-

litio. V. W E L E . VELICOTTE,fi. Perhaps, under-waistcoat; Wylecot.S. V E L V O U S , fi. Velvet. See Sup.

Thair gouns [fou] coistlie trimlie traillis; Barrit with velvous sleif, nek, taillis. And thair foirskirt of silkis seir.

Fr. velous. Maitland Poems, p. 326. V E N A L L , V I N E L L , S. A n alley, a lane, S.

" Na maried woman sail buy wooll in the wynd (or vinettis) of the burgh." Skene, Stat. Gild. c. 30.

Fr. venalle, id. V E N D A C E , s. The Gwiniad, salmo Lavaretus, Linn. S.

" It is affirmed by the fishermen, that there are 15 or 16 different kinds fit for the table, among which there is one that, from every information that can be obtained, is peculiar to that loch [Lochmaben,] as it is to be found no where else in Britain. It is called the Vendise or Vendace, some say from Vendois in France, as being brought from thence by one of the Jameses, which is not very probable, as it is found by experience to die the moment that it is touched, and has been attempted to be transported to other lochs in the neighbourhood, where it has always died." P. Lochmaben, Dumfr. Statist. Ace. vii. 236. This account is evidently incorrect. For this is the

Powan of Lochlomond, and the Gwiniad of Wales. Pen­nant, describing the Gwiniad, says : " It is the same with the Ferra of the lake of Geneva,

the Schelly of Hulse water, the Pollen of Lough Neagh, and the Vangis and Juvangis of Loch Mabon. The Scotch have a tradition that it was first introduced there by the beauteous queen, their unhappy Mary Stuart; and as in her time the Scotch court was much frenchified, it seems

V E R V E S likely that the name was derived from the French ven-doise, a dace, to which a slight observer might be tempted to compare it from the whiteness of its scales. The British name Gwiniad, or whiting, was bestowed on it for the same reason." Zool. iii. 268. V. P O W A N .

VENENOWS, W'ENENOUS, adj. Venomous, Lat. venenos-us.

Hys mynysterys, that made hym than serwys, Prewaly put in his chalyce Wenenous poysowme; fra that liqwre He tastyd, than mycht he nowcht endure.

Wyntown, vii. 7. 167. V E N E S U M , adj. Venomous.

" — God delyurit them fra the captiuite of Babillon, ande destroyit that grite toune, ande maide it ane desert inhabitabil for serpens ande vthir venesum beystis." Compl. S. p. 42. Belg. venijn, Lat. venen-um. V. S U M , term.

V E N T (ofa fowl), s. The anus. *?. V E N T , s. To Tak Vent, to have currency. *?. V E N T , s. A chimney, S. as being a place of egress for the smoke.

To V E N T , V. n. To emit smoke, well or ill. *?. V E N T , s. Progress; speed; as, " Are ye comin' ony thing gude vent the day ? Are ye coming speed ?" *?.

To V E N T , v. a. To sell; to vend; VENTIT,part. sold.*?. V E N T A I L L , s. The breathing part of a helmet; Fr.

He braidit up his ventaill, That closit wes dene. Gawan and Gol. iii. 17.

Mr. Pinkerton renders this " visor." But this is dis­tinguished from the other.

He wayned up his viser fro his ventalle. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 6.

Wayned, removed; A.S. wan-ian, demere, auferre. Ne ge wanion of tham ; Neque vos detrahite de eo.

V E N T U R E S U M , adj. Rash ; foolhardy. *?. VE N U S T , adj. Beautiful; pleasant; Lat, venust-us.

The varyant vesture of the venust vale Scbrowdis the scherand fur, and euery fale Ouerfrett wyth fulyeis, and fyguris ful dyuers.

Do«g. Virgil, 400, 37. VER, V E R B , S. The Spring. V. V E I R .

VER, adj. Worse. This warld is ver, sa may it callit be, That want of wise men makis fulis sitt on bynkis.

V. W A R . Ballad, printed A. 1508. S.P.R. iii. 134. VERDOUR, s. Tapestry representing rural scenery. *?. VERES. V. VERNAGE. V E R G E , s. A belt, or stripe, of planting; a border. *?. V E R G E L T , W E R G E L T , S. Ransom, or restitution le­gally made for the commission of a crime. " The Vergelt, or ransom of ane theif, throw all Scot­

land is threttie kye ; and ane young kow, quhither he be ane frie man or ane servant." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 19. L.B. weregeld-um, wergeld-um, wargUd-a, &c. A.S. wer-

geld, the payment of the were, or price at which the life of every individual was estimated, according to his rank; geld, gild, signifying payment. The term were has evidently had its rise from A.S. wer,

Moes.G. wair, a man; Su.G. waer, Isl. ver, id. Lat. vir seems to have had a Gothic origin. Herodotus informs us, that the ancient Scythians called a man XIOQ. A/of y«» y-aham ton owfytt.. V. Ihre, vo. Waer. Su.G. waereld, wereld, wergeld, is the price of a man

who has been killed, or the fine paid for killing him; otherwise denominated Mansbot. Germ, vergeltung, com­pensation ; wrgeU-en, te satisfy, to compensate. Wergyld

607

theof is a phrase used in the Laws of Ina, c. 72, as denoting a thief adjudged to pay the vergelt. This was also called Theiflbote. Verelius, however, gives a different view of Isl. veiigild,

which must be radically the same. He expl. it; Mulcta solvenda secundum aestimationem damni dati, — a verde pretio, i. e. the worth or value of any thing. But he seems mistaken; especially as this opposes the Su.G. idiom.

The Welsh had their gwerth, corresponding to vergelt. It " was not only a compensation for murder or homicide; but for all species of injuries," V. Pennant's Tour in Wales, p. 274,

V E R G E R , fi. A n orchard. The greshoppers amangis the vergers gnappit.

Police of Honour, Prol. 5. Fr. vergier, Arm. verge, id. from Lat. viridar-ium, a green

place enclosed. V E R L O T , s. A n inferior servant. V. V A R L O T . VERNAGE, WERNAGE, fi.

In silver so semely were served of the best, With vernage, in veres, and cuppes ful clene.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 10. Wittaill worth scant or August coud apper, Throu all the land, that fude was hapnyt der: Bot Ingliss men, that richess wantyt nayne, Be caryage brocht thair wittaill full gude wayne, Stuffit houssis with wyn and gud wernage, Demaynde this land as thair awne heretage.

Vernage, Edit. 1758. Wallace, iii. 17. MS. Tyrwhitt thinks that vernage, as mentioned by Chaucer,

was probably a wine of Crete, or of the neighbouring con­tinent. V. his Note, ver. 9681. L.B. vernachia, vernac-ia, vini species, vernac-ium, Petr. de Crescentiis, Lib. iv. cap. 4, cujus interpreti Vin de Garnache dicitur. Academicis della Crusca; Vernaccia, spezie di vino bianco; Du Cange. Skinner, vo. Vernaga, views it q. veronaccia, from Verona.

Veres, iu first extract, signifies glasses. Chaucer uses verre in the same sense; Fr. id. Lat. vitr-um.

VERRAY, adj. Very. *?. VERRAYMENT, fi. Truth. V. WERRAYMENT. VERT, W E R T , S. A term used in old charters, to sig­

nify a right to cut green wood; Fr. verd, Lat. virid-is. " — Cum furca, fossa, sock, sack, thole, thane, wrack,

wair, waith, vert, veth, venison, inf'ang thief, outfang thief, pit et gallows." Charter, Q. Anne, 1707. State, Fraser of Fraserfield, p. 310. V. VIRIDEER.

V E R T E R , s. 1. Virtue. 2. A charm. *?. 7b H A E V E R T E R . T O possess, or to be supposed to possess

virtue, by which certain diseases may be cured. *?. V E R T E R - W E L L , S. A medicinal spring or well. *?. VERTESIT,s. Virtue; virginity. *?. V E R T G A D I N , s. A farthingale. *?. V E R T I E , V A I R T I E , adj. Early up; early at business, *?. 7bVERTIES,u.a. To warn. Abbrev. of E. Advertise. 8. V E R T U E , s. Thrift; industry, S. See Sup. V E R T U O U S , V I R T U O U S , O 4 / . Thrifty; industrious,S.*?ee*?.

I 've heard my honest uncle aften say, That lads should a' for wives that's vertuous pray.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 82. VESCHELL, s. Vassal; slave. *?. VESCHIARIS, s.pl. Washers; washerwomen. *?. VESIAR, s. A surveyor or examinator. *?. To VESIE, VESY, VISIE, VISYE, WESY, WISIE, v.a. 1.

T o visit. Be foment luf kendillit in grete desire Oure cuntre men to vesy, and with them talk, To knaw thir strange casis, on I stalk

U G S V I E

From the port, m y nauy left in the raid. Doug. Virgil, 77, 50.

" Thir tua princis vsit oft to visye the feildis to tak ther recreatione.ande to pas til hounting, ande til vthir gammis, conuenient for ther nobilite." Compl. S. pp. 19, 20.

She past to wisie Sir Clariodus. Clariodus 8$ Meliades, MS. Gl. Compl. p. 383.

2. To examine accurately, S. Twa spyiss he send to wesy all that land.

Wallace, iv. 219. M S . The king stude vesiand the wall, maist vailyeand to se.

Gawan and Gol. i. 19. And vesyand all about I se at last This nauy of youris drawand hidder fast,

Doug. Virgil, 90,19, " Prenters sould not prent ony buikes, or vther thing,

but that quhilk is visied and tryed, havand the Kingis licence." Skene, Table to Acts of Pari. vo. Prenters. 3. To send good or evil judicially; as E. visit signifies.

His fadyr than wes wesyed with seknes; God had him tayne in till his lestand grace.

Wallace, vii. 381. M S . 4. To take aim; to mark, S. Fr. viser, id.

Lat. vis-o, to visit; also, to survey; from vid-eo, vis-um. Isl. vis-a, monstrare ; Alem. uuis-on, visitare.

VESTREEN, s. The west. *?. V E T C H E R , s. A man of very suspicious appearance. *?. VETIT, adj. Forbidden ; Lat. vetit-us.

Grete was the lust that thou had for to fang The frute vetit, throu thy fals counsailing Thou gert mankynde consent to do that wrang.

Ballad, A. 1508, S.P.R. iii. 132. VEUG.fi.

The sparrow veug he vesyit for his vile dedis, Lyand in lecherye, lasch, unlouable. Houlate, i. 18,

This may be the same as vogie, vain. But it seems rather to signify, amorous; from A.S. fog, conjunctio, whence fogere, a wooer; Germ, fug, conjunctus ; ghifuog, copulae, Gl. Boxhorn.

To V E X , v. ti. To be sorry. I was like to vex, I was dis­posed to be sorry.—VEX, S. A trouble; a vexation. *?.

To U G , v. a. To feel abhorrence at, to nauseate, S. The rattling drum and trumpet's tout Delight young swankies that are stout; What his kind frighted mother ugs, Is music to the soger's lugs. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 369.

Houge is synon. O.E. Hardyng, having described the conduct of the Abbess

of Coldinghame, who is said to have cut off her nose and upper lip, to preserve her from the unbridled lusts of the Danes ; adds, that she

Counseiled al her systers to do the same, To mak their fooes to houge so with the sight, And so they did, afore thenemies came, Echeon their nose & ouer lippe ful right Cut of anone, which was an hougly sight; For whiche the fooes thabbey and nunnes brent, For they them selfe disfigured had shent.

Chron. Fol. 107. b. This passage clearly points out the origin of E. ugly, q.

what causes abhorrence. For the origin, V. O G E R T F U L .

U G E R T E O W , adj. Nice; squeamish. V. O G E R T F U L . U G S U M , U G S O M E , O U G S U M , adj. 1.Frightful; terrible.

What causes one to shudder with horror. S, Ane wattry cloud blak and dirk but dout, Gan ouer thare hedis tho appere ful richt, And doun ane tempest sent als dirk as nicht,

608

The streme wox vgsum of the dym sky. Doug. Virgil, 127, 37.

The hornyt byrd, quhilk we clepe the nicht oule, Within hir cauerne hard I schoute and youle, Laithely of forme, with crukit camscho beik, Vgsum to here was hir wyld elrische skreik.

Ibid. 202, 3. 2. Horrible; abominable; exciting abhorrence.

Yhe are all cummyn of aulde lynage, Of Lordis of fe and herytage, That had na-thyng mare wgsum, Than for to ly ve in-til thryldwm.

Wyntown, viii. 16. 183. " Notwithstanding the oft and frequent prechingis, in

detestatioun of the greuous and dbominabill aithis sweiring, execratiounis, and blasphematioun, of the name of God, sweirand in vane be his precious blude, body, passioun & woundis, Deuill stick, cummer, gor, roist or ryfe thame, and sic vthers ugsume aithis and execratiounis aganis the command of God, yit the samin is cum in sic ane vngodlie vse amangis the pepill of this realme, baith of greit and small estatis, that daylie and hourlie may be hard amangis thame oppin blasphematioun of Godis name and maiestie, to the greit contemptioun thairof, and bringing of the ire and wraith of God vpone the pepill." Acts, Mar. 1551, c. 16. Edit. 1566. Ougsum, Skene's Edit. Here the term is evidently used as synon. with obomi-

nabill. V. O G E R T F U L . U G S U M N E S , S. Frightfulness ; horror.

The vgsumnes and silence of the nycht In euery place m y sprete made sare agast.

Doug. Virgil, 63, 49. U H U , U H U H , interj. Yes; ay; used by children. *?. UI, fi. A n isthmus or neck of land; Lewis. *?. V I A G E , s. 1. A voyage. 2. A journey. *?. V I C E N A I L . A screw-nail. *?. VIC I A T , part. adj. Defective. *?. V I C T U A L , (pron. Vittal), s. Grain of any kind; hence

victualler, one who deals in grain; a corn-factor, S. " At the Reformation, the stipends of the Protestant

clergy were fixed to be paid at the rate of so many chal-ders of victual (the general term in Scotland for all kinds of grain), part of which was paid in kind, and part in money, converting the chalder, in the rich counties, at L.100 Scotch the chalder, and at L.80 Scotch in the less fertile ones." P. Alloa, Clackman, Statist. Ace. viii. 643. N.

In a poor country such as Scotland, where, even so late as Dr. Johnson's time, the people were supported on oats, it is not surprising that the term, which originally signifies food or means of sustenance in general, should be limited to the fruit of the husbandman's labours.

B U C H A N - V I T T A L . 1. Applied to meal, of which two-thirds are of oats and one-third of barley. 2. Metaph. trans­ferred to a person on w h o m one can place no depen­dence ; as, " He's Buchan vittal that." S.

VIER, VYER, S. They'll witness that I was the vier Of all the dogs within the shire; I'd run all day and never tyre. Watson's Coll. i. 68.

Perhaps one who vied with all the rest, as being able to surpass them. " The appello" than sail lay on his hand, and sweir the

grit ay' all out, that all is trew that he hes said upone that falss untrew man, efter the forme of his appellatioun, and that he wait weill the vyer hes a falss untrew querrell to defend," Sir D. Lyndsay's Tracts of Heraldry, M S . V. Compl. S. Prel. Diss, p, 55,

At first view this might seem to be the same word, as

V 1 R V I R denoting the defender in a trial by single combat; and allied to L.B. viaria, advocatio, Fr. vouerie, for advouerie, defence, maintenance of a cause. But it seems merely the word vthir, other (alius), the letter y being ridiculously substituted for the ancient th. This appears from the use of it in the same sentence, and elsewhere in the M S .

VIFD A, s. Beef or mutton dried without salt. *?. VIFELIE, adv. In a lively manner.

And sik as are with wickednes bewitched, I sussie not how vifelie they be tuitched.

V. VIVE. Hume, Chron. S.P. iii. 376. VYIS, Y Y S S , adj. Wise.

Brudir, gif thow be vyis, I red the fie To mache the with a frawart fenyeit marrow.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 122. Dunbar uses vyss in the same sense.

V Y L A U S , adj. " Seems vile, villainous, or f. fierce;" Gl. Wynt.

This Henry cowrth noucht hawe this in mynd ; Bot bare hym vylaus and wnkynd Til Willame, this Dawys sownnys swne; Fra in his prysoun he had hym dwne, He trettyd bot dyspytwsly Hym, and his barnage halyly.—Wyntown, vii. 8. 242.

Mr. Macpherson refers to Lat. vil-is, Isl. vill, fierce. VILCOUS, adj. Perhaps, immoral; vicious. *?. V Y L D , adj. Vile; still vulgarly pron. in this manner, in different parts of S.

Thy trymnes and nymnes Is turn'd to vyld estait.

Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 50. V Y L D E L Y , adv. Vilely. 8. To VILIPEND,* v. a. T o slight; to undervalue. *?. VILITE', VILITIE, «. Filth ; pollution. *?. V Y L T , s. Apparently, vault.

" On the eist side of this ile ther is a bore, maid like a vylt, mair nor an arrow shot of any man under the eirde, throw the quhilk vylt we use to row ore [or] saill with our bottis, for fear of the horrible breake of the seas, that is on the outwar side thereof; bot na grate shipes can saill ther." Monroe's Iles, p. 40, V. V O L T .

To V I N C U S , v. a. T o vanquish. *?. VINDICT, s. Vengeance; revenge. *?. To V I O L E N T , v. a. T o do violence to.

—" The providence of God in things here beneath mo­veth suitably to the nature of inferior causes, whether necessary, free, or contingent, not vioknting them, or other-ways making use of them, but according to their nature, so that though the event be necessary, and infallible with a respect to the first cause, the determined counsel of God, it is nevertheless contingent in respect of its nearest cause." Fleming's Fulfilling, p. 80. " But certainly the procedure of this Period, in violent-

ing people into the Declaration, Bond and Test, ought for ever to stop the mouths of the Episcopal Faction, as to their complaints of Presbyterian severities in pressing the covenants, which they never did by a Highland Host, when the power was in their hand," Wodrow's Hist, i. 469. Fr. moknt-er, to force, to break into by force.

VIOLER, V I O L A R , s. One who plays on the fiddle or violim S. See Sup.

VIRE, *. " The arrow called a quarrel, used only for the crossbow;" Fr. vire, id. Rudd.

The virgin sprent on swiftlie as ane vire. Doug. Virgil, 148, 8.

Vyre is used by Gower in the same sense. As a vyre

Whiche flyeth out of a myghty bowe V O L . II. 609

Awey he fledde for a throwe, As he that was for loue wode, Whan that he sawe howe it stode.

V. W Y R . Conf. Am. Fol. 28. p. 1. c. 1. V I R E , s. A great beauty, Orkn. *?. VYREENIN,part.pr. Veering; turning or winding

about; apparently corr. from Fr. vlronnant, id.

Sen for loun Willox to be your crounal Strang, Quhais heid and schoulders ar of bouk aneuch, That was in Scotland vyreenin you amang, Quhen as he drave, and Knox held steve the pleuch.

Nicol Burne, Chron. S.P. iii. 455. V I R G E T H R E D . Thread of a particular kind. *?. V I R G U S , s. Very acid liquor; verjuice. *?. V I R I D E E R , s. The keeper of the grass or green wood

in a forest. " And gif he be found tbe third time with grene wode;

he sail be presented to the virideer (the keiper of the grene wode and grasse) in the chief place of the keiping of the wode, and sail be put vnder aucht pledges." Forrest Lawes, c. 11. s. 4. L.B. viridar-ius, Fr. verdeur. In the E. laws, ver der er. " This word Vert taketh the name of Vert, a viriditate,

of greennesse, for it is alwaies vnderstood but of such things, as doe growe within the forrest and are greene, it is called in our olde English Greene Hewe, iu Latin it is called Viridis, and thereof is framed this word Viridaiius a Verderer, or one that doeth take the charge of the Vert or of Greene Hewe." Man wood's Forrest Lawes, c. 6. s. 5. Fol. 37. b.

V I R L A T , s. The same with Valet. S. V I R L E , s. A small ring put round any body, to keep

it firm, fi. ferrule. Sax good fat lambs, I said them ilka clute, At the West Port, and bought a winsome flute, Of plum-tree made, with iv'ry virles round.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 67. O.E. vyroll, Fr. virolle; Palsgraue. E. verrouil, a bolt

for a door, seems to claim the same origin, Lat. ferr-um. VIRR, V I R , S. Force ; impetuosity, S.B. Syn. with Birr.

When he was set, I ga'e the fire a stir, And Bessy ran, and brought some whins, wi' vir, Frae out the nook, and made a hearty bleeze.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 141. " Syne we laid our heads together, an' at it wi' virr."

Journal from London, p. 5. V. BEIR, S. See Sup. V I R R O C K , s. Quoted by Mr, Pinkerton as not under­

stood. Ane pyk-thank in a prelots chayse, With his wawil feit, and virrok tais, With hoppir hippis, and henches narrow.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 110. Dr. Leyden, Gl. Compl. S., justly observes, that it "sig­

nifies a corn, or bony excrescence on the feet; is in com­mon use, and pronounced wirrok;" p. 380. He derives it from Lat. verruc-a, a wart. The name is sometimes ap­plied to boils. I have heard it also expl., a pimple on the sole of the foot or heel, which occasions great pain, and often grows to a considerable size. Thus it is distinguished from a corn. It is sometimes written wyrock.

Ther is not in this fair a flyrock, That has upon his feit a wyrock, Knoul taes, or mouls in nae degre, But ye can hyde them.

Dunbar, Evergreen, i. 254. A.S. wearrig, wearrikt, callosus, nodosus; Teut. weer,

callus, nodus, tuber; Gl. Sibb. The affinity of wyrock to the latter is rendered highly probable from a circumstance

4H

V I V U M A

to which the ingenious Glossarist has not adverted, Teut, weer-ooghe denotes a wart or pimple on the eye-lid, a stythe, or S. stie ; chalazion, exiguum tuberculum in pal-pebris, (Kilian;) from weer and ooghe, oculus. This seems to have been improperly applied to denote a pimple on the foot.

VIRTUE.fi. Thrift; industry. V. VER T U E . *?. VYSE. Bowys ofvyse, Wyntown, viii. 29. 81.

Awblasteris, and bowys of vyse, And all thyng, that mycht mak serwyse, Or helpe thame in-to press of were, All thai gert thaire battis bere To the castelle.

Mr. Macpherson inquires, if it means bows worked by screws ? Fr. vis, screw. We may add Belg. vijs,id. This seems to be the only conjecture that can be made as to the signification.

VISE (in coal-mines), s. V. W E Y S E . *?. VISIE, VIZY, VIZZIE, s. 1. A scrutinizing view. 2. The aim taken at an object, as when one is about to shoot, 3. The knob or sight on the muzzle-end of a gun, by which aim is taken. <?•

To T A K A VIZZIE. T O take an aim; as, to look along a gun, with the eye, before firing it off. *?.

VIZZIE-DRAP, s. The little mark stuck up at the mouth of a gun-barrel, to guide the sportsman's view. *?.

To VISIF, v. a. V. VESIE. VISION,* s. A thin meagre person; a " mere vision." 8. To VISITE, v.a. To examine; to survey. *?• VISORNE, s. A mask or visor.

" Jhone Knox answered, The time that hes bene is evin now befoir my eyis; for I sie the pure flock in no les danger than it hes bein at ony tyme before, except that the Devill hes gottin a visorne upon his face." Knox's Hist. p. 341.

VISSIER, s. One empowered to inspect or examine. *?, VYSSIS, s. pi. Apparently, uses. *?. To VITCH, v. a. To visit, Shetl. *?. VITIOUS, adj. Fierce ; fiery; ill-tempered. *?. VITIOUSNESS, S. Fierceness; unmanageableness. *?. VIVDA, s. Beef or mutton hung and dried without salt; Orkney, Shetland. *?ee Sup.

VIVE, VIUE, adj. 1. Lively; representing to the life, S. Fr. vif. " So wee see the viue image of a faithfull Pastor, in the

Lord Jesus: he will give his life for the sheepe, as hee saith himselfe." Rollocke on the Passion, p. 16. In this sense it is used as an E. word.

2. Brisk; vigorous, S. 3. Applied to what may be seen clearly ; as, "vive prent," distinct letter-press. *?.

VivELY,ad». 1.Clearly, in a vivid light, S. 2. Distinctly, applied to objects of sound. *?.

But gin ye like to ware the time, then ye How a' the matter stood, shall vively see.

Ross's Helenore, p. 69. VIVERIS, VIEVERS, s. pi. Provisions for the susten­ance of life, victuals, S. Fr. vivres. " Item, if it sail be asked, That thair layed money sail

have passage for thair viveris ? Ye sail resson the comoditie and incomoditie thareof with the counsaill." Knox's Hist. p. 222. " He sail cume [to the hoist] weill furnished with siluer

to bye vievers for his sustentation, and not in hope to bur-ding the cuntrie quhereby he passes, without making of payment." 1 Stat. Rob. I. c. 5. s. 6.

\rlVUAL,adj. l.Living; alive. 2. Used to express one's identity,as"the»j'eKa/person,"the self-same person.*?.

610

VIVUALLIE, adv. In life ; vivuallie seen, seen alive. *?. To VIZZIE, v.a. To view accurately. V. VESIE, *?. ULE, fi. Oil. *?. ULIE, s. Oil. V. OLYE. ULISPlT,j9re£ v. Lisped; MS. wlispit.

And in spek wlispit he sum deill; Bot that sat him rycht wondre weill.

Barbour, i. 393. MS. A.S. wlisp, dentiloquus.

ULK, W L K , S. A week. V. OULK. S.

ULLIER, s. The water that runs from a dunghill. *?. U M A N , the pron. of woman, Ang.

This might seem originally the same with Isl. omann, non vir, effominatus, from o privat. and mann. But per­haps it is merely a corr. pron. of the E. word, or of A.S. wifman.

U M A S T , U M E S T , U M A I S T , adj. Uppermost, highest. Endlang the wode war wayis twa; The Erie in the umast lay of tha.

Wyntown, viii. 31. 48. The schaft flew towart Turnus, and him smate Apoun his schulder, aboue the gardyis hie, That rysis vmaist thareupon we se.

Doug. Virgil, 334, 5. Mr. Macpherson thinks that this is a contr. of outkmast,

uppermost. But it is evidently from A.S. ufemest, ufemyst, supremus; from ufa, above, and mest, most, the sign of the superlative. Moes.G. auhumists, id. See S.

U M A S T CLAITH, a perquisite claimed by the Vicar, in the time of Popery, on occasion of the death of any person.

Item, this prudent Connsall has concludit, • Sa that our haly Vickars be nocht wraith, From this day furth thay sal be cleane denudit, Baith of cors-present, cow, and umest claith.

Lyndsay, S. P. R. ii, 257. Sibb. supposes that this was " probably the sheet which

covered the body." But, from the description given of it by Lyndsay elsewhere, it appears that it was the coverlet of the bed. We also learn from the same passage, a curi­ous trait of ancient manners ; that it was customary for a man to use his cloak as a coverlet in bed, and for a woman to employ her petticoat in the same way.

And als the Vicar, as I trow, He will nocht faili to tak ane kow: And vpmaist claith (thocht babis thame ban,) From ane pure selie husbandman : Quhen that he lyis for till die, flauing small bairnis twa or thrie: And his thrie ky, withouttin mo, The Vicar must haue one of tho : With the gray cloke, that happis the bed; Howbeit that he be purely cled. And gif the wife die on the morne, Thoch all the babis suld be forlorne, The vther kow he cleikis away, With hir pure cote of roploch gray : And gif within twa dayis or thrie The eldest childe hapnis to die, Of the thrid kow he will be sure.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, pp. 134, 135. This most oppressive perquisite is in Su.G, denomi­

nated Likstol; donarium Sacerdoti ob sepulturam datum. Ihre offers different conjectures as to the origin. But, as Su.G. stole signifies a garment worn by a priest, likstol may be analogous to the umaist claith as being claimed by the priest for his own use; q. the body-garment. The antiquity of the custom of giving him also a cow, appears from what is advanced by the same learned writer, vo. Ko, vacca.

U M B U M Q To U M B E D R A W , v. n. Expl. to withdraw.

And Venus loist the bewte of hir eye, Fleand eschamet within Cyllenius caue, Mars vmbedrew for all his grundin glaue.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 399, 11. Sibb. observes, after Rudd., that the initial particle um

or un has " here an intensive signification, as in unloose, and in various other instances." Butum is undoubtedly the prep, signifying, about, around, corresponding to A.S. umb, ymb, ymbe, Alem. umbi, Belg. om, Germ. Isl. um, Su.G. om, um, circa. Ihre marks the affinity between these and the prep, am and amb, anciently used in Lat. and retained in Amb-a?-vale, Amb-urbium, Amb-ire; and Gr. x[i(f)i. Su.G. om also signifies back.

Umbedrew may, therefore, more properly be rendered, turned about, or drew back ; as allied to Belg. omdraaij-en, to turn about, omgedraaid, turned about; or omdraag-en, to carry about.

V M B E K E S T , pret. Explored ; or perhaps, surveyed. *?. U M B E R A U C H T , pret. " Embarrassed, — or rather, smote, pursued; from the intensive particle un and beraucht, q. d. raucht, i. e. reached to, or did over­take ;" Rudd.

The forthir coist of Italie haue we caucht, Thocht hiddirtillis harde fortoun has vmberaucht The Troianis, and persewit vnfrendly.

Doug. Virgil, 164, 41. Thir mony yeris I left vnproffitable, Ay sen the fader of goddis and King of men With thunder blast me smate, as that ye ken, And with his fyry leuin me vmberaucht. Ibid. 60, 31.

The sense is, encompassed, environed, from um, A.S. umb, circa, and raucht, from raec-an, rac-an, to reach, to to extend, also, to overtake.

U M B E R S O R R O W , adj. 1. Hardy, resisting disease, or the effects of severe weather. An umbersorrow bairn, a child that feels no bad effects from any kind of exposure, Border. It is sometimes corr. pron. numbersorrow. 2. Rugged, of a surly disposition, Loth.; an oblique sense. 3. Also expl., weakly; delicate. *?. The etymon of this term is uncertain. But it may

either be corr. from Teut. on-be-sorght, negligens curae, non solicitus, Kilian; or comp. of Su.G. ombaer-a, carere, also, ferre, portare, and sorg, aerumna, dolor; q. one who is devoid of care, or who bears without injury those things that cause it to others.

To UMBESCHEW, v. a. To avoid. Bot vmbeschew this coist of Italie, Quhilk nixt vnto our bourdouris ye se ly, Bedyit with flowing of our seis flude, Sen all thay cieties, with wikkit Grekis not gude Inhabit ar. Doug. Virgil, 81, 24.

This is undoubtedly used as equivalent to eschew, v. 37. Eschew thir cieties and thir coistis al.

Umb bas perhaps been prefixed, as denoting tbe act of avoiding by taking a circuitous course. See Sup.

To U M B E S E G E , v. a. To besiege roundabout, to encompass a city with armed men.

Was I not gouernour, and cheif ledar thare, The time quhen that the Troiane adulterare Umbesegit tha ciete of Spartha, And the quene Elene reft and brocht awa ?

Doug. Virgil, 316, 84. To U M B E S E T , v. a. To beset on every side,to surround.

Grekis flokkis togidder here and thare, And vmbesettis cruelly and sare. Doug. Virgil, 52,50.

A.S. ymb-saet-an, id. circumdare, circumsedere. 611

To U M B E T H I N K , v. n. To consider attentively, q. on all sides, to view a matter in every possible light, to revolve in the mind. See Sup.

The tratour ay Had in his thocht, bath night and day, H o w he mycht best bring till ending Hys tresonabill wndertaking: Till he tombethinkand him, at the last, In till his hart gan wndercast, That the King had in custome ay For to ryss arly ilk day, And pass weill far fra his menye.

Unbethinkand in Edit. Barbour, v. 551. MS. Bot he wmbethoucht him of ane slycht, That he with all that gret menye Wald in wod enbuschyt be.

Unbethoucht in Edit. Ibid. xvi. 84. MS. A.S. ymbe-thenc-an, ymbe-thinc-an, cogitare de.

U M B E W E R O U N D , part. pa. Environed. And with your leve I will me speid To help him, for he has ned ; All umbeweround with his fayis is he.

Barbour, xi. 640. MS. Seren. derives environ from Sw. wir-a, omwir-a, tor­

quere, literally, to surround with gold thread, from Isl. wyr, fila ex orichalco: Germ, wirr-en, Sw. wirr-a, implicare.

Umbeweround seems to be derived from A.S. ymbe-hwearf-an, circumcingere, circumdare, circuire, ambire; from ymbe, about, and hwearf-ian, to turn.

U M B O T H , U M B I T H , adj. A term applied to Teind or tithe of an alternate description, Orkn. Shetl. *?. The corn teind is divided between the minister and the

proprietor of the crown rents, and the share of the latter is denominated umbith or umboth duty. This word is— of Norwegian origin, and is said to imply a going or chang­ing about. S. " On page second of the rental are 385 merks of land,

also in the parish of Unst, the teind of which being um­both, or free parsonage teind, is—payable to Lord Dundas, as the Crown's Donator of the Lordship of Shetland, who has right to the Bishop's reserved teinds and church-lands. — T h e 385 merksland—pay of Landraails 128 lisponds, &c. and of umboth or free corn teind no less than 111 cans of oil, and 48 lisponds 20T

SS merks weight of Butter." MS.

Account of some lands in P. of Unst, Shetl. Dan. ombytt-er signifies, " to change, to exchange, to

chop or swap one thing for another ;" Wolff. Sw. ombyt-a, to change ; ombyte, change, variation ; Wideg. »S.

U M B O T H , «. Tithe given by rotation or alternately. *?. " Umboth,—the great teind of either half of the parish;

so called because every other year it was changed with the Minister for his half. For the word Umboth signifi-eth tyme about." Old M S . Explic. of Norish Words.

U M B R E , s. Shade. Fr. ombre, Lat- umbra. See Sup. Suich feynit treuth is all bot trechorye, Vnder the vmbre of ypocrisye. King's Quair, iv. 11.

U M Q U H 1 L E , adv. 1. Sometimes, at times. Ye may weill be ensampill se, That na man suld disparyt be: Na lat his hart be wencusyt all, For na myscheiff that euir may fall. For nane wate, in how litill space, That God wmquhile will send grace.

Barbour, iii. 256. MS. This seems to be merely A.S. hwilom, hwilum, hwilon,

aliquando, inverted; from umb, circum, and hwik, inter-vallum temporis. 2. Used distributively, in the sense of wow as contrasted with then.

U M W a N c Tharfor men that werrayand war, Suld set thair etlyng euir mar To stand agayne thair fayis mycht, Wmquhile with strenth, and quhile with slycht,

Barbour, iii. 262. M S . also v. 441. Thay lufit nocht with ladry, nor with lown, Nor with trumpours to travel throw the town; Both [Bot] with themself quhat thay wald tel or crak, Umquhyk sadlie, umquhyle jangle and jak.

Priests of Pebl'is, S.P.R. i. 3. I find vmwhile once used by R. Brunne, in this sense, as

contrasted with towhile. Sir Robynet the Brus he durst noure abide, That thei mad him restus, bot in more & wod side. Towhile he mad his trayne, & did vmwhile outrage.

Chron. p. 336. Restus is expl. by Hearne rests. But it should cer­

tainly be rescurs, i. e. rescue, O.Fr. rescousse, id. He could not wait till his friends should bring him a supply of troops. V. RESCOURS.

A.S. hwilon is used in the same manner. Hwilon an, hwilon twa; Nunc unus, nunc duo; N o w (or sometime) one, now two; Somner. 3. Sometime ago; formerly.

Thair standis into the sicht of Troy an ile, Wele knawin be name, hecht Tenedos umquhile, Michty of gudis quhill Priamus ring sa stude : No w is it bot ane firth in the sey flude.

Doug. Virgil, 39, 19. W e war Troianis, vmquhile was Ilioun, The schynand glorie of Phrigianis now is gon.

Doug. Virgil, 50, 5. Skinner mentions A.S. ymbhwik as also signifying, olim,

pridem. But this word seems to have been unknown to Somner, Benson, and Lye. That this is an inversion of A. S. hwilom or hwilon, is

confirmed by the use of quhilum, in this sense by Barbour. For Rome quhilum sa hard wes stad, Quhen Hanniball thaim wencusyt had, That off ryngis with rich stanys, That war off knycbtis fyngyris taneys, He send thre bollis to Cartage. Bruce, iii. 207, M S .

In Edit. 1620 and 1670, it is umquhile, which might be the reading of another M S .

U M Q U H I L E , adj. Late; deceased. *?. " The King to the Sehiref greating: Command B. that

instantlie and without delay, he deliver and restore to M. quha was wife of N. her reasonabill dowrie in sic ane towne; quhilk she alledges to perteine to her, be gift of her vmquhile husband." B.eg. Maj. B. ii. c. 16. s. 53. " That the lands, rents and riches, perteining to his

umquhile brother, should not come in the hand of foreign men, the Earl of Douglas sent to the Pope for a dispensa­tion to marry his brother's wife, to whom a great part of the lands fell, through the decease of her said umquhile husband." Pitscottie, p. 44.

It is a singular blunder that the learned Whitaker has fallen into, somewhere in his Vindication of Q. Mary, in explaining this term as signifying uncle.

As used in this sense, it is equivalent to, who sometime was husband or brother. Belg. wylen, from wyl, some­time, in like manner, signifies deceased. Huysvrouw van Wylen N. N. i. e. Wife to the deceased N. N. See Sup.

U M W Y L L E S , s. Reluctance ; opposition. But he sbal wring his honde, and warry the wyle, Er he weld hem, y wis, agayn myn umwylles.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 7. Corr. from A.S. un-willes, "cum reluctatione, invite;

unwillingly; against his will;" Somner. Hire unwilks ; Ejus (foem.) dissensu, ea invita.

612

U N , a negative particle in composition. V. O N . U N A B A S Y T , part. pa. Undaunted ; not afraid; E.

unabashed. Bot Opis tho the nymphe, that wele thareby Be thrynfald Diane sent was to espy, Sat ane lang space apoun ane hyllys hycht, And vnabasyt dyd behald the fycht.

Doug. Virgil, 395, 42. U N A B A S I T L I E , adv. Without fear or dejection.

Unavasitlie this champion saw 1 gang In a deip cistarne, & thair a lyoun sleuch.

Police of Honour, iii, 28. Unabasitlie, Edit. 1579, and Doug. Virgil, 141, 54.

To U N A B I L L , v. a. To incapacitate. " Quhilk persones [nominated for Elders or Deacons) ar

publictly proclaimed in the audience of the haill kirk, upoun a Sonday befoir-none, efter sermone ; with admoni-tioun to the kirk, that if ony man knaw ony notorious cryme or cause, that mycht unabill ony of these persones to enter in sick vocatioun, that they sould notifie the same unto the Sessioun the next Thursday." Knox's Hist., p. 267.

U N A M E N D A B L E , adj. W h a t cannot be remedied. " Because of—the Independents miserable unamendabk

design to keep all things from any conclusion, it is like we shall not be able to perfect our answers for some time." Baillie's Lett. ii. 216.

U N A W A R N I S T L I E , adv. Without previous warning. S. To U N B A L L , v. a. To unpack. V. B A L L , a bale. *?. U N B A U L D , adj. Humble ; self-abased; not bold. 8. VNBEGG1T,pa.pa. Not asked by begging, or as alms.*?. UNBEIST.fi. A monster. V. ONBEIST. U N B E K E N T , part. pa. Unknown, S.B.

Belg. onbekend, Germ, unbekaunt, id. To VNBESETT,w.a. To surround. UNBESETT, UNBE-

SET, part. pa. 1. Blocked up. 2. Environed. 'tS. U N B I D D A B L E , adj. Unadvisable ; uncompellable. *?. VNBIGGIT. part. adj. Not built upon. *?. UNBODIN, adj. Unprovided.

" And at na pure man, na vnbodin, be chargeit, to cum to ony raidis in Ingland." Acts Ja. II. 1456. c. 62. Edit. 1566. V. BODIN.

U N B O D I N G , adj. Unpropitious ; unpromising. *?. U N B O W S O M E , adj. 1. Unbending in a literal sense.

2. Stiff; obstinate. V. BOUSUM. S. VNBRINT, part. adj. Not burnt. *?. V N B U R E L Y , adj. Feeble ; not burly, 8. U N C A I R D L Y , adv. Ina reckless manner; without the exercise of concern or care.

Dispairdly, vncairdly, I hasert ouer the hill.

Buret's Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 45. i. e. " I hazarded myself, without regarding danger."

U N C A N N A N D , adj. Seems to have the same signi­fication as S. uncanny, as denoting one who is sup­posed to have some preternatural power.

I bade you alway hold you weill, And namely from that man Gray Steel: For he is called uncannand, And spoken of in many land. Sir Egeir, p. 14.

U N C A N N Y , adj. 1. Not safe; dangerous, S. Thus wi' uncanny pranks he fights;

An' sae he did beguile, An' twin'd us o' our kneefest men By death and by exile.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 7.

U N C U N C 2. Not tender; not cautious; harsh, S. used both lite­rally and metaph.

—Whinstanes, howkit frae the craigs, May thole the prancing feet o' naigs, Nor ever fear uncanny hotches Frae clumsy carts or hackney-coaches.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 69. 3. Incautious; imprudent. *?.

" I—was, by this experience of his watchful Providence over this great cause, made hopeful he would not suffer it to be spoiled by the imprudence of many uncanny hands which are about it." Baillie's Lett. i. 77.

4. Mischievous; applied to those with w h o m any inter­ference is dangerous, S. " It was thought meet that he aud his should lie about

Stirling,—to make all without din march forward, lest his uncanny trewsmen should light on to call [drive] them up in their rear." Baillie's Lett. i. 175. 5. Applied to one supposed to possess preternatural powers; no canny, synon. S. See Sup.

They tell me, Geordie, he had sic a gift, That scarce a starnie blinkit frae the lift, But he wou'd some auld warld name for't find;— For this some ca'd him an uncanny wight; The clash gaed round, " he had the second sight."

V. CANNY. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 8. 6. Exposing to danger from preternatural causes. >?. 7. Severe, as applied to a fall or blow. *?. UNCASSABLE, adj. What cannot be annulled or invalidated, Reg. Maj.; from in negat. and cass-are, irritum reddere.

UNCE, W N S E , S. An ounce. *?, UNCHANCE, fi. Mischance; calamity. *?. UNCHANCY, adj. 1. Not lucky; not fortunate, S,

" Our ennymes ar to fecht aganis ws, quhome we neuir offendit with iniuris. Throw quhilk thair werkis salbe the more mchancy and mair odius to God." Bellend. Cron. B. vi. c. 17.

2. Dangerous; not safe to meddle with; applied to persons. 3. Ill-fated; applied to things which are the cause of misfortune, trouble, or suffering. *?.

UNCLEAN HEARTSOMENESS. Adultery. *?. UNCLIMMABIL, adj. What may not be climbed. *?. UNCO, adj. 1. Unknown.

"Nae safe wading in unco waters;" Ramsay's S.Prov.p. 55. This is the primary sense; A.S. uncuth, id.

2. Not acquainted ; used both with respect to persons and brute animals, that are strange to each other. He's quite unco ; H e feels himself entirely a stranger, S. Uncouth is used by Bellenden in this sense, as to cattle. V, H O M Y L L . 3. Not domestic. An unco man, a stranger; as dis­tinguished from one who is a member of the family, or familiar in it, S. See Sup.

Frae fouks a fieldward, nae frae fouk at hame, Will come the antercast ye'll hae to blame; Gin ye be wise beware of unco men.

Ross's Helenore, p. 61. 4. So much altered as scarcely to be recognized. S. 5- Strange; unusual. Thafs unco; that is surprising, S. corr. from A.S. uncuth, incognitus, alienus. *?ee Sup.

As she hauf-sleeping and hauf-waking lay, An unco din she hears of fouk and play; The sough they made gar'd her lift up her eyn, And O ! the gathring that was on the green !

Ross's Helenore, p. 62, 613

6. Strange, as applied to country; denoting that in which one has not been born. S.

7. Distant; reserved in one's manner towards another, S. U N C O , S. 1. A n y thing strange or prodigious. 2. A

strange person ; a stranger. 8. U N C O S , used as a s. pi. News, S.B. Gl. Shirr.

I hear down at the Brough this day ye've been, Sae tell's the uncos that ye've heard or seen.

Morism's Poems, p. 183, " Uncuffs and Uncuds,v.ewsf A. Bor. Grose. See S.

U N C O , adv. Very, S. " Unco glad, very or unusually glad;" Gl. Sibb.

Whan she a mile or twa had farther gane, She's unco eery to be sae her lane.

Ross's Helenore, p. 60, UNC0LiE,UNC0LiEs,a«fo. Greatly; very much; strangely. UNCOLINS, adv. In a strange or odd manner. *?. V N C O A C T E D , UNCOACTIT, joart. adj. Voluntary. *?. UNCOFT. adj. Unbought, S.

" Gif the Albianis had sic grace that thai mycht leif with concord amang thaim self,—thai mycht nocht alla-nerlie haif all necessaris within thaim self vncoft, bot with small difficultie mycht dant all nychtbouris." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 4. " Ye cangle about uncoft kids ;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p.

81. Kelly gives it; " You strive about uncoft gait," i. e. goats, p. 388. V. COFF, V.

U N C O I S T , U N C O S T , S. Expense; the same as Oncost.S. V N C O M E , U N C O M E , s. Apparently, approach. *?. U N C O M E , adj. Not come; not arrived. *?. U N C O R D U A L L , adj. Incongruous.

Still in to pess he couth nocht lang endur, Wncorduall it was till his natur.

Wallace, ix. 429. MS. Either q. uncordial, or as not according.

U N C O R N E , s. Wild oats, S.B. Quhare schame is loist, thar spredis your burgeons

hate, Oft to reuolue ane vnleful consate, Ripis your perellus frutis and vncorne; Of wikkit grane how sail gude schaif be schorne ?

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 93, 18. " In some places of Scotland they say, that one hath

soum his uncorn ;" Rudd. This is equivalent to sowing one's wild oats. Teut. on-kruyd is used in a similar way, as denoting

noxious weeds; zizania, lolium, herba inutilis; from on negat. and kruyd, an herb. V. O N and ONBEIST.

U N C O U N S E L F O W , adj. Unadviseable, S.B. U N C O U T H Y , adj. 1. Dreary, causing fear, S.; pron. uncoudy, S.B. 2. Under the influence of fear, S.B. Eery, synon. 3. Unseemly. V. COUTH, C O U T H Y . *?.

U N C O U T H N E S S E , s. Strangeness; want of acquain­tance. " He speaketh of Christ's presenting his church to him­

self in glory at the great day, as if there were nothing but uncouthnesse and distance betwixt him and the church until then." Fergusson on the Ephes. p. 389.

U N C R E D Y B L E , adj. Unbelieving; incredulous. Quhy dois he refuse my wourdis and prayeris To lat entyr in hys dul vncredyble eris ?

Doug. Virgil, 114, 48. L.B, incredibilis, incredulous; D u Cange. Rudd. men­

tions S. vengeabill as used to signify, bringing vengeance or mischief.

To U N C T , v. a. T o anoint. " The barne that is to be baptizit is vnctit with haly

oyle apon his breist, to signifie that his hart is consecrate

U N D U N E

to God, and that his mynd is confortit in the faith of Christ." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Fol. 131, a. Lat. unct-us.

UNCTING, S. Anointing. " Quhen the meting is complete, thair followis ane

catechisme, that is to say, ane inquisitioun of our faith, quhilk we aucht to haue of the blissit Trinite." Hamil­toun's Catechisme, Fol. 131, a.

U N C U N N A N D L Y , adv. Unknowingly. See Sup. For foir uncunnandly he cawkit, Quhill all his pennis war drownd and drawkit.

V. CUNNAND. Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 22. U N C U N N A N D N E S . s . Want of knowledge; ignorance.

Clerkis for vncunnandnes mysknawis ilk wycht. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238, b. 43.

U N D A L A , adj. Mean; despicable. *?• VNDEFESIT, part. adj. Without acquittance. *?. U N D E G E S T , adj. 1. Rash ; imprudent.

And into counsalis geuing he was hald Ane man not vndegest, bot wise and cald.

Doug. Virgil, 374, 9. 2. Untimely; premature.

Bot had this haisty dede sa vndegest Sufferit haue bot my sone ane stound to lest, Quhil of Rutulianis he had slane thousandis,— Wele likit me that he had endit syne.

Doug. Virgil, 366, 30. Vndegest dede, i. e. untimely death. V. DEGEST.

U N D E G R A T E , adj. Ungrateful. V. U N G R A T E . *?. VNDEID, adj. Alive; in the state of life. *?. UNDEIP, s. A shallow place.

And first Sergest behynd sone left has he, Wreland on skellyis, and vndeippis of the se, With brokin airis lerand to haist agane.

Doug. Virgil, 134, 51. Teut. ondeip, non profundus, on-deipte, vadum, brevia,

Germ, untiefe, id. U N D E M I T , U N D E M M Y T , adj. Uncensured, Gl. Sibb. This seems originally the same with the following word.

U N D E M U S , adj. Incalculable; inconceivable; un-deemis, undeemint, S.B. " Suppone we be vincust (quhilk may nocht succeid but

vndemus murdir of yow) than sail ye be ane facyll pray to your ennymes, bryngand thaym to tryumphe and honour, and your self to misire & seruitude." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 6, b. Undeemis, or undeemint money, a countless sum, S.B.

from A.S. un negat. and dem-an, to judge, to reckon. UNDERCOTTED, part. adj. Undercoated. *?. UNDERFIT, adj. Applied to peats dugunder thefoot. *?. U N D E R - F U R SOWING. Sowing in a shallow furrow. *?. U N D E R G O R E , adj. In a state of leprous eruption. *?. To U N D E R L Y , v.a. To be subjected to; to undergo, S.

Belg. onderlegg-en, to lie under. To U N D E R L O U T , W N D Y R L O W T . V. n. To stoop ; to be subject.

—The bargane lang standis in dout, Quha sal be vyctoure, and quha vnderlout.

Doug. Virgil, 328, 35. Schyre Edward the Ballyol that tyme bade In-til Perth, and thare he made The landis lyand hym abowt Til hys Lordschype wndyrlowt. Wyntown, viii. 28,48.

A.S. underlut-an, id. V. LOUT. U N D E R L O U T , W N D Y R L O W T E , adj. In a state of sub­jection.

Bot hys thryft he has said all owte, 614

Quham falshad haldis wndyrlowte. Wyntown, vi. 18. 330.

U N D E R N , s. The third hour of the artificial day accor­ding to ancient reckoning; i. e. nine o'clock, A.M. *?.

U N D E R S P E A K I N G . Under pretence of speaking with. U N D E R S T A N D A B L E , adj. Intelligible. *?. U N D I G H T E D , part. adj. Not dressed. V. DICHT.*?. To V N D I R G A N G , v.a. To incur; to be subjected to.*?. U ND1RSTANDIN, part. pa. Understood. *?. VNDISPONIT,joarf.p«. Not given away. *?. VNDISTRUBLIT,j»art.j»a. Undisturbed. 8. To U N D O , v. a. 1. To cut off, q. to loose.

I am commandit, said scho, and I man Vndo this hare to Pluto consecrate, And lous the saul out of this mortall state.

Doug. Virgil, 124, 49. 2. To unravel.

Bot netheles Dedalus caucht piete, Of the grete luf of fare Ariadne, That was the Kingis dochter, taucht ful richt Of this quent hous for to vndo the slicht, How by ane threde the subtil wentis ilkane Thay michten hald, and turne that way agane.

Ambagesque resolvit; Virg. Doug. Virgil, 193,26. 3. To disclose ; to uncover.

At leist thou knawis this goldin granit tre, And with that word the branche schew, and vndid, That priuely vnder hir cloke was hid.

Doug. Virgil, 177, 49. A.S. un-do-en, aperire, solvere, retexere, enodare; to

open, to loose; Belg. ontdo-en ; Somner.

UNDOCH, UNDOCHT, UNDOUGHT, WANDOUGHT, S. 1. A weak or puny creature, one who is good for nothing; applied both to body and mind, S. wan-docfit, S.B. " He had said before that Mr. George Graham, the un-

doch of Bishops, had gotten the bishoprick of Dumblane, the excrement of bishopricks." Calderwood's Hist. p. 650.

Let never this undought of ill-doing irk But ay blyth to begin all barret and bail.

V. TAIDREL. Montgomerie, p. 19. And when thou bids the paughty Czar stand yon, The wandought seems beneath thee on his throne.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 391. 2. Rudd. expl. it as also signifying a coward,

Turnus, what ? will thou suffir this vndocht, Thy lang trauell and laubour be for nocht ?

Doug. Virgil, 221, 42. It is doubtful, if it imply the idea of a coward. The

sense seems to be; " Wilt thou suffer such a silly fellow as Aeneas to frustrate all thy former labour ?" Teut. on-deugkd, vitium, dedecus; on-deughdig, inutilis,

improbus, Kilian; from on negative, and deughd, virtus, valor, probitas, from deugh-en, A.S. dug-an, valere, whence S. dow.

U N D O N , W N D O N , part. pa. " Explained," q. d. un­locked ; Gl. Wynt.

Nevw for til have wndon, Is nowthir brodyr na syster sone.

Wyntown, viii. 3. 111. U N D O O M I S , U N D U M O U S , adj. Immense; uncount­able ; what cannot be reckoned. V. U N D E M U S . *?.

V N D O U T A B L E , adj. Indubitable; unquestionable. *?• UNDRA1K1T, part. adj. Not drenched. V.DRAKE,*.*?. U N E , s. Oven, S.

" Was nocht the thre barnis cassin in ane birnand me, becaus thay wald nocht adorne [i. e. adore] fals ydolis." Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 4. V. OON.

U N F U N F U N E A R T H L Y , * adj. Ghostly; preternatural. *?. V N E C E R T , adj. Uncertain. *?. U N E G A L L , adj. Unequal. Fr. inegal.

«• Quhat was it then that joynit sa unegall lufe and sa far aganis ressoun ?" Buchanan's Detect. C. 7, b.

UNEITH,' ONEITH, UNETH, S. UNETHIS, U&EIS,

UNESE, WNESS, UNEIST, adv. Hardly ; not easily; with difficulty.

Thay walkit furth so dirk oneith thay wyst,, Quhidder thay went amyddis dym schaddois thare.

Doug. Virgil, 172, 31. —Quhiddir was day or nycht vnetk wist we.

Ibid. 74, 24. Hir self sche hid therfore, and held full koy, Besyde the altare sitting vnethis sene. Ibid. 58, 13. So thik in stale all merrit wox the rout, Vneis mycht ony turne his hand about.

Ibid. 331, 54. The birdis—unese has songin thrise.

Ballad, 1508, S.P.R. iii. 127. Wness a word he mycht bryng out for teyne, The bailfull ters bryst braithly fra hys eyne.

Wallace, vi. 208. M S . Allace ! quhat suld he do ? vneist he wyst.

Doug. Virgil, 109, 33. R, Brunne uses vnnethis in the same sense, p. 75. Hors & hondes thei ete, vnnethis skaped non.— Clerkes vnnethis thei lete, to kirke o lyue to go.

A.S. un-eathe, vix, scarcely; Somner. Unneth, Chaucer. Alem. unodo, difficulter. Ihre views Su.G. onoedig, invitus, as allied to A.S. un-eathe. V. EITH.

V N E N D I T , part.pa. Unfinished; not terminated. *?, U N E R D I T , pan. adj. Not buried.

Vnerdit lyis of new the dede body, That with his corpis infekkis al the nauy.

V. E R D , V. Doug. Virgil, 168, 10. UNESCHEWABIL, adj. Unavoidable, Doug. *?ee*?. UNESS, adv. V. UN E I T H .

UN-EVER, adv. Never ; at no time. *?. U N F A N D R U M , adj. Bulky; unmanageable, Ang. UNFARRANT, adj. Senseless ; without quickness of apprehension. V. F A RAND. *?.

UNFElL.ad;'. l.Uncomfortable. 2. Rough; notsmooth.*?. UNFEIROCH, adj. Feeble; frail; unwieldy. *?. UNFERY, ONFEIRIE, adj. Infirm; unwieldy; not fit for action, S.

For thocht the violence of his sare smert Maid him unfery, yit his stalwart hert And curage vndekyit was gude in nede.

Doug. Virgil, 351,21. But leal my heart beats yet, and warm ; Thoch auld, onfeirie, and lyart I'm now.

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 171. Onfeirie is the more common pron. S.B. Su.G. wanfoer, imbecillis; Ihre, vo. Wan, p. 1035. V.

FERY.

U N F E U E D , part. adj. Not disposed of in feu. S. U N F L E G G I T , part. adj. Not affrighted.

Thou canst charm, Unfkggit by the year's alarm.

V. FLEG. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 93.

U N F O R E . Meaning doubtful. Aberd, Reg. *?. U N F O R L A T I T , part. adj. 1. Not forsaken, Rudd. 2. " Fresh, new ;" Rudd. In the passages referred to, the term contains a reference to the act of racking or drawing off wine from one cask to another.

Bot my propyne come fra the pres fute hate, 615

Unforlatit, not jawyn fra tun to tun. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 126, 8.

And quha sa lykis may taisting of the tvn Unforlatit newe from the berry rvn, Rede Virgill bauldly, but mekill offence, Except our vulgare toungis defference.

Doug. Virgil, 482, 48. Belg. wyn verlaat-en, to rack wine, to draw it from one

cask to another. U N F O R S A I N ' D , adj. « Undeserved ;" Gl. Ross.

M y wrang, my wrang, gryte is my wrang, she says,— Wrang unforsain'd, and that we never bought, Rank Kettren were they that did us the ill.

Ross's Helenore, p. 29. Perhaps this term may have originally signified, irre­

mediable, irreparable, q. that for which no atonement could be made ; Teut. on negat. and versoen-en ; Sw.foer-son-a, to expiate.

U N F O T H E R S U M , adj. Applied to weather unfavour­able to vegetation; what does not further the crop. *?.

U N F R E , adj. Discourteous. Thou sleugh his brether thre,

In fight; Urgan and Morgan unfre, And Moraunt the noble knight.

V. F R E . Sir Tristrem, p. 160, st. 39. UNFREE,ae£/\ Not enjoying the liberties of a burgess.*?. U N F R E L I E , U N F R E E L Y , adj. Inelegant, not handsome.

" Quhy is my fate," quoth the fyle, "fasseintso foule ? " M y forme, and my fetherin, unfrelie but foir."

Herniate, i. 5. i. e. " Ugly without a parallel." From un negat. and

Frely, q. v. U N F R E L I E , U N F R E E L I E , adj. 1. Frail; feeble, S.B. 2. Heavy; unwieldy, S.B. unfery, synon.

This seems radically different from the preceding, as apparently comp. of Isl. un, negat. and fralig-r, swift, fleet; also powerful; friakike, swiftness. Frakg-ur madr, vir acer; Verel.

UNFREND, UNFRIEND, S. An enemy. O Lord! I mak the supplicatioun, With thyne unfreindis lat me not be opprest.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 132. " It seems his unfriends has made such reformation of

that his unadvisedness, that in all hazards he must retreat it." Baillie's Lett. i. 77. " Many in the house of Commons are falling off our

unfriends ;" Ibid. ii. 207, i. e. no longer taking part with our enemies.

Thus, as Mr. Macpherson observes, Lat. inimicus is slightly altered from in-amicus. Teut. on-vriend, inimicus, parum amicus ; on-vriend-schap, inimicitia; A.S. unfreond-lice, parum amice, inimice.

UNFRIENDSHIP, s. Enmity. *?. U N F R U G A L , adj. Lavish ; given to expense. *?. UNFUTE-SAIR, adj. At ease ; not foot-sore. 8.

Thrie Priests went unto collatioun, Into ane privie place of the said toun. Quhair that they sat, richt soft and unfute-sair ; Thay luifit not na rangald nor repair.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i.-3. " This passage," Mr. Pinkerton says, " seems corrupt."

But there is no ground for this supposition. A.S. fota-sare signifies dolor pedum, a pain in the foot; Somner. This phrase with the negat. particle prefixed, seems to be here used as an adj. " They sat at their ease, without pain." Although the reference immediately is to pain in the feet, as arising from much walking, the expression is certainly to be understood more generally, as signifying that they

U N I U N L were free from any cause of disturbance whatsoever. The phrase is indeed expl. a little downwards.

Quhair that thay sat, full easily and soft. U N G A N A N D , part. pr. Unfit, not becoming.

And younder, lo, beheld he Troylus Wanting his armoure, the fey barne fleand. For to encounter Achilles vnganand.

V. GANE. Doug. Virgil, 27, 50. U N G A N G , W N G A N G , S. Perhaps the range made by a fishing-boat for one draught of the net. *?.

To U N G A N G , v. a. It ungangs me sair, I am much deceived ; I am greatly mistaken. *?.

U N G E I R ' D , U N G E A R I T , adj. 1. " Naked, not clad, un­harnessed," S. Gl. Shirr. V. G E I R . 2. Castrated. *?.

U N G L A I D , adj. Sorrowful. Hir supplicatioun with teris ful vnglaid Reportis hir syster. Doug. Virgil, 115, 12.

A.S. un-gladu, tristis, formed like Lat. illaetabilis, id. U N G R A T E , U N D E G R A T E , adj. Ungrateful. *?. V N G R O N D , part. pa. Not grinded, or ground. *?. VNHABILL, VNHABILE, U N H A B L E , adj. 1. Unfit for any purpose whatsoever, used generally. 2. Lhifit for travelling by reason of age or bodily indisposition. 3. Under a legal disability; used as a forensic term. *?.

UNHALSIT, part. pa. Not saluted! No w hir I leif vnhalsit, as I ryde, Of this dangere quhatsoeuer betyde, Al ignorant and wat naythyng, pure wicht.

V. HALLES. Doug. Virgil, 285, 41. U N H A N T Y , U N H A U N T Y , adj. 1. Inconvenient. 2. Un­wieldy; overlarge. V. H A NTY. *?.

U N H E A R T Y , adj. 1. Uncomfortable ; applied to the state of the atmosphere ; as, An unhearty day, a cold or damp day. 2. Applied to bodily feeling, unwell; ailing; especially as regarding the sensation of cold. *?.

U N H E A R T S O M E , adj. Melancholy. " It is an unheartsome thing, to see our father and

mother agree so ill; yet the bastards, if they be fed, care not." Rutherford's Lett. p. i. ep. 178.

To U N H E I L D , v. a. To uncover. I kneillit law, and unheilded my heid.-

Police of Honour, ii. 45. A.S. unhel-an, revelare, unheled, revelatus. V. HEILD.

U N H E L E , s. Pain; suffering. It nedis nocht to renew all my unhele. Houlate, i. 20.

Chaucer, id. misfortune; A.S. un-hele, crux, tormentum; Moes.G. unhaili, infirmitas, invaletudo ; un-hails, infirmus, invalidus, aegrotus; from un, negat. and hails, sanus.

U N H I N E , U N H Y N E , adj. Extraordinary ; unparalleled; immense; excessive; generally used in a bad sense.*?.

U N H I T , part. pa. Not named. Quha wald the, grete Cato, leif vnhit ? Or quha with sylence Cossus pretermit ?

V. H A T . Doug. Virgil, 195, 55. U N H O N E S T , adj. 1. Dishonourable. 2. Dishonest. *?.

" He had na sicht to honest nor vnhonest actionis, bot allanerly to his proffet." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 12.

Lat. inhonest-us ; Fr. inhoneste. UNHONESTIE, VNHONESTIE, S. 1. Injustice.

" That he wald give na credite to ony man that wald murmure the saidis Lordes, or ony of them, be doing of wrang and unhonestie." Acts, Ja. VI. 1579, c. 92. Murray. Murmure is evidently elliptical, for murmur against, or

perhaps, reproach. 2. Indecorous conduct; indecent carriage. 3. Dishonesty. To V N Y , v. a. To unite. 8. UNICORN, s. A gold coin of the reign of James III. *?.

616

U N I C O R N FISH. A species of whale. *?. UNIRKIT, adj. Unwearied.

And the Eneadanis all of his menye Ithandly and vnirkit Iuffit haue I. Doug. Virgil, 479,22.

UNITE, s. A gold coin of the reign of James VI. *?. U N K E N S O M E , adj. Unknowable.

" A smith I a smith I" Dickie he cries, " A smith, a smith, right speedilie,

To turn back the caukers of our horses' shoon I For its unkensome we wad be."

Minstrelsy, Border, i. 198. U N K N A W , part. pa. Unknown.

We se ane stange man, of forme vnhnaw, Ane leuar wycht na mare pynit I ne saw.

Doug. Virgil, 88, 21. Leuar is here viewed as an error of a copyist for lenar,

leaner. V. K N A W . V N K N A W L E G E , S. Ignorance. *?. V N L A Y , s. Fine ; the same with Unlaw. *?. V N L A N D I T , adj. Without heritable property. *?. U N L A T I T , part. pa. Undisciplined ; destitute of pro­

per breeding, so as to be unable to regulate one's conduct with propriety.

The unlatit woman the licht man will lait, V. LAIT, V. Fordun, ii. 376.

U N L A U C H F U L , adj. Unlawful. " Against the unlauchful taking of profite be captaines

and keepers of the Kingis castles." Ja. VI. 1581. c. 1. 25. Tit. Murray.

U N L A W , U N L A C H , S. 1. Any transgression of the law, an injury or act of injustice. " Seven tearmes sould be observed ; — the damnage

and skaith modified in ane certane quantitie, the words of the court in this maner in the end of the narration, ' Vnjustlie, and against the law, with wouch, wrang and •unlaw.'" Quon. Attach, c. 80. " Na exception or defence sould be challenged; nor

the defender sould not be esteraed as not defending (as not comperand to defend) sa lang as he or his preloquutour defends tort and non reason, that is, wrang and vnlach, (that is, to haue done na iniurie, nor -unreason agains the Law.)" 1 Stat. Rob. I. c. 16. s. 1. " Actiones of wrang and vnlaw," says Skene, " appearis

to be civill actiones, and ar opponed to actiones criminal], touching life and lim." De Verb. Sign. vo. Tort.

This seems to be the original sense of the term, from A.S. unlaga, unlage, quod contra legem est, injustitia, iniquitas; from un, negat. and lage, law. This word occurs, in the same sense, in O.E.

Guf me dude him vnlawe, That to the byssop from ercedekne is apel solde make.

" Injustice," Gl. Hearne. R. Glouc. p. 473. 2. A fine, or amerciament, legally fixed and exacted from one who has transgressed the law.

On to the Justice him selff loud can caw; " Lat ws to borch our men fra your fals law, At leyffand ar, that chapyt fra your ayr. Deyll nocht thar land, the unlaw is our sayr : Thow had no rycht, that sail be on the seyne."

Wallace, vii. 436. MS. " Quha sa euer be conuict of slauchter of salmound, in

tyme forbodin be the Law, he sail pay XL. S. for the vnlaw." Acts, Ja. I. 1424. c. 12. Edit. 1566. A fine seems to have been called an unlaw, because

thus a man paid or made satisfaction for his transgression of the law. In the same manner Su.G. sak, which de­notes a fault, guilt, is transferred to the penalty; mulcta, quae reatum sequitur; Ihre. It is also called sakoere, from oere, pecunia, q. guilt-money.

U N P U N R W e learn from G. Andr., that, in the ancient Code of

Isl. Laws, utlaege and utlegd, occur in the same sense ; In codice Legum antiquo, mulcta. 3. Used improperly, to denote a law which has no real authority. " These cleared, that what the high commission had

done to them was not only for righteousness, but that their sentences were evidently null, according to the bishop's unlaws." Baillie's Lett. i. 121.

To U N L A W , V. a. To fine. See Sup. " Gif ane Baxter, or ane Browster is vnlawed for bread,

or aill, na man sould meddle, or intromitt therewith bot only the Provest of the towne." Burrow Lawes, c. 21. s. 1.

U N L E F U L L , adj. Unlawful. *?. UNLEIF, adj. Unpleasant; ungrateful.

Ne, war not thay, thou suld me se allone, Thus syttand in the are all wo begone, Sustenand thus al manere of mischeif, And euery stres baith leifsum and vnleif.

Doug. Virgil, 442, 4. Digna, indigna, Virg. V. LEIF.

U N L E I F S U M , adj. Unlawful. *?. UNLEIFSUMELIE, adv. Unwarrantably. *?. UNLEILL, adj. Dishonest.

Sum part thair was of vnleill laubouraris, Craftismen thair saw we out of number.

V. LEIL. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 234. U N L E S U M , adj. What cannot be permitted.

Tell him, na lust to liffe langare seik I, Vnlesum war sic plesoure I set by.

Nee fas, Virg. V. LESUM. Doug. Virgil, 367, 10. V N L E T T I N , part. pa. Not released. *?. UNLIFE-LIKE, adj. Not having the appearance of living, or of recovery from disease. *?.

U N L U S S U M , U N L U S U M , adj. Unlovely. See Sup. And as this leid at the last liggand me seis, With ane luke vnlussum he lent me sic wourdis : Quhat berne be thou in bed with hede full of beis ?

V. LUFSOM. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 239. a 23. UNMENSEFU', UNMENCEFU', adj. 1. Unmannerly. 2. Without discretion, or any thing like generosity. *?.

U N M O D E R L Y , adj. Unkindly; or perhaps rather as an adv. Thare-fore thai, that come to spy That land, thaim dressyt unmoderly. Wyntown, ii. 8. 72. From un negat. and A.S. mothwaere, mild, meek.

VNMORTIFYIT,^ar«.pa. Not under a deed of mort­main. V. MORTIFY. *?•

To UNNEST, v. a. To dislodge. *?. U N O O R A M E N T , adj. Uncomfortable ; unpleasant. *?. VNORDERLY, adv. Irregularly. *?. VNPASSING, part. pr. Not going or departing. *?. UNPAUNDED.jaart. adj. Unpledged.

—" Would it not have grieved them to see the subjects suffer by the relying upon unpaunded trust?" Baillie's Lett. i. 42.

U N P L E Y I T , part. adj. Not subjected to litigation. S. VNPLENISSIT, part. pa. Not furnished; waste. *?. VNPROUISITLIE, adv. Without previous intima­tion ; immediately. &

U N P R U D E N C E , *. Imprudence. 8. UNPURPOSE, adj. Awkward; slovenly; unsuitable. *?. UNPURPOSELIKE, adj. Awkward-looking; not appearing adapted to the use for which any thing is applied. *?.

UNPUT, part. pa. Not put; Unput aside, not put out of the way ; not secreted. *?<

VOL. II. 617

VN-PUT-FURTH, part. pa. Not ejected. »?. U N E P U T TO DEATH. Not executed. 5.

UNQUART, s. Thanthairhors with thair hochis sic harmis couth hint, As trasit in unquart quakand thai stand.

Gawan and Gol. iii. 3. This may signify, " in sadness " or " dulness ;" as con­

veying an idea the reverse of Quert, q. v. U N R A B O Y T Y T , part. pa. Not repulsed.

Unraboytyt the Sothroun was in wer; And fast thai cum fell awfull in affer.

V. R E B U T , V. Wallace, iii. 131. MS. UNREARILLIT, part. pa. Not legitimated ; yetlegally

in a state of bastardy. V. R E H A B L E . *?. U N R E A S O N , U N R E S S O U N , S. I. Injustice, iniquity.

And that ye think unressoun, or wrang, Wee al and sundrie sings the samin sang.

V. CHESSOUN. Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 7. " Tort, et non reason, vn-reason, wrang, and vnlaw."

Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Tort. This sense is perhaps derived from Fr. raison, which is

used to signify justice. V. U N L A W . 2. Disorder.

It is used as corresponding to Misruk, in that title, The Abbot of Unreason. V. A B B O T .

V N R E C O U N S A L L I T , part. pa. Unreconciled. *?. U N R E D E , U N R I D E , adj. Cruel, severe.

Her fader on a day, Gaf hem londes wide;

Fer in that cuntray, Markes were set biside;

Bituene the douke thai had ben ay, And a geaunt unride. •

Beliagog is unrede, A stern geaunt is he.

Sir Tristrem, p. 160, st. 88, 39. " Unrighteous," Gl. But these terms seem to be derived

from A.S. un-ge-reod, un-ge-ridu, which both signify bar­barous, cruel, rugged. On the latter Somner says; " Hence our unrudy." Unryde elsewhere occurs in the same sense.

Schir Rannald raught to the renk ane rout wes unryde. Gawan and Gol. ii. 25.

It is also used by R. Brunne, p. 174. Fire the sailes threw e.

The stones were of Rynes, the noyse dredfulle & grete, It affraied the Sarazins, as leuen the fire out schete. The noyse was vnride, it lasted alle day, Fro morn tille euentide, ther of had many affray.

Hearne mistakes the sense, rendering unrid, " con­tinual," Gl. He has been misled by the words immediately connected, — it lasted, &c. whereas the phrase is synon. with noyse dredfulk $• grete.

U N R E G R A T E D , part. adj. Unnoticed ; untold. *?. U N R E G U L A R , adj. Irregular. *?. VNREMEMBRAND,j9ar*. adj. Unmindful. *?. V N R E S P O N S A L L , adj. Unable to pay a fine or debt. *?. U N REST, s. 1. Trouble. See Sup.

Bot feill tithingis oft syiss is brocht ws till, Off ane Wallace was born in to the west: Our Kingis men he haldis at gret umrest, Martyris thaim doun, grete pete is to se.

J Wallace, iv. 376. M S . Of Job I saw the patience maist degest, — A n d of Antiochus the greit unrest, H o w tyranlie he Jewrie all oprest.

Police of Honour, iii. 32. 2. A person or thing that causes disquietude.

" For our private matters in the college, this twelve-4 I

U N S U N S

month we have been at peace, our unrest [Mr. P. Gilles­pie] being quieted." Baillie's Lett. ii. 447.

Teut. on-raste, on-ruste, inquies. V. W A N R E S T . U N R E U L F U L L , adj. Ungovernable. 8. U N R Y C H T , s. Injustice, iniquity; Wallace.

Dukis, Marquessis, Erlis, Barrounis, Knichtis, With thay Princes war puneist panefully, Participant thay war of thair vnrichtis.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 232. A.S. un-richt, Teut. on-recht, injustitia, injuria.

V N R O V N G I T , part. pa. Not gnawed or fretted. *?. U N R U D E , adj. "Rude, hideous, horrible;" Rudd.

But as the term corresponds to ater and coenum, it must certainly signify, vile, impure. See Sup.

All the midway is wilderness vnplane, Or wilsum forrest; and the laithlie flude, Cocytus with his drery bosum vnrude, Flo wis enuiroun round about that place.

Atro, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 167, 35. Fra thine strekis the way profound anone, Depe vnto hellis flude of Acherone, With holl bisme, and hidduous swelth vnrude, Drumly of mude. and skaldand as it war wode.

Coeno, Virg. Ibid. 173,37. Furth haue thay rent thare entrellys ful vnrude.

Ibid. 455, 50. Teut. on-raed. Germ, un-rat, sordes, immundities.

U N R U F E , s. Trouble ; toil; vexation. *?. U N R U N N Y N , part. pa. Not run ; not expired. *?. UNSALL, adj. Wretched. V. UNSEL. U N S A U C H T , UNSAUGHT, adj. Disturbed, troubled, disordered.

Than thai schupe for to assege segis unsaught. Gawan and Gol, ii. 12.

This Chorineus als fast Ruschit on his fa, thus fyre fangit and vnsaucht, And with his left hand by the hare him claucht.

Doug. Virgil, 419, 24. Teut. on-saecht, durus, asper, rudis, is evidently allied.

V. SAUCHT, adj.

U N S A U C H T , s. Dispeace, trouble, inquietude, S.B. A.S. un-saeht,un-seht, discordia, inimicitia; Su.G. osackt,

. id. o, negat. being used instead of A.S. un. Insaga, strife, contention, although nearly of the same meaning, seems to be radically different. Ihre derives it from in and sak, strife.

To U N S C H E T , v. a. To open, vnschet, pret. shut. Ye Musis now, sueit goddessis ichone, Opin and vnschet your mont of Helicone.

Doug. Virgil, 230, 51. —Fresche Aurora, to mychty Tithone spous,— Unschet the wyndois of hir large hall.

V. SCHETE. Ibid. 399, 22. UNSEY'D, part. adj. Not tried, S.

" A' things are good unsey'd;" Prov. Ferguson, p. 7. V. SEY, V.

UNSEL, UNSALL, UNSILLY, adj. 1. Unhappy2 wretched. Of Sathans senyie sure sic an unsall menyie Within this land was nevir hard nor sene.

Dunbar, Evergreen, i. 106, It is unsaul, Bannatyne Poems, p. 45. This may, however, signify unhallowed, as it is expl,

by Lord Hailes. V. sense 2. Vnsilly wicht, how did thy mind inuaid Sa grete wodnes ? Doug. Virgil, 143, 22.

A.S. un-ge-saelg, un-saelig, infelix, infaustus, Teut. on-saelig, Alem. unsalih, id. Ihre views Su.G. usel, infelix, pauper, as formed from o or u privative and saett, beatus. Isl. usaell, pauper.

618

2. Naughty, worthless. Little angry attercap, and auld unsel ape, Ye grein for to gape upon the grey meir.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 5. Somner expl. A.S. un-ge-saelig, as also signifying im-

probus, naughty. Moes.G. sel, bonus, unsel, malus. Augu unsel, an evil eye, Matt. vi. 33. Alem. saligen and unsali-gen, in like manner, denote the righteous and the wicked. There is no reason to doubt that A.S. saelig, felix, sael, prosperitas, have had the same origin with Moes.G. sel, bonus. For, as Ihre observes, goodness and felicity have so many things in common, that they are fitly expressed in most languages, by common terms.

U N S E L E , U N S E L L , S. 1. Mischance, misfortune. And sum, that war with in tbe pele, War ischyt, on thair awne wnsele, To wyn the herwyst ner tharby.

Barbour, x. 218. MS. A.S. un-saelth, infelicitas, infortunium.

2. A wicked or worthless person, a wretch. See Sup. I can thame call'but kittle unseltis, That takkis sic maneris at thair motheris, To bid men keip thair secreit counsailis, Syne schaw the same againe till uthiris.

Scott, Bannatyne Poems, p. 207. The King of Pharie and his court, with the Elf Queen, With many elfish Incubus, was ridand that night. There an Elf on an ape an Unsel begat.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 12. The term, in this sense, is very ancient; Moes.G. unsel,

evil, wickedness. V. SEILE. U N S E L Y E A B L E , adj. Unassailable.

Off Scotland the weir-wall, wit ye but wene, Our fais forses to defend, and unselyeable ; Baith barmekin and bar to Scottis blud bene, Our lofes, and our liking, that lyne honorable.

Houlate, ii. 6. MS. U N S E N S I B L E , adj. Destitute of reason. *?. U N S E T T , s. A n attack, for onset.

Mony debatis and vnsettis we haue done.. Doug. Virgil, 52, 21.

UNSETTING, part. adj. Not becoming. *?. VNSHAMEFASTNESSE, s. Shamdessness. *?. UNSIKKIR, UNSICKER, adj. 1. Not secure; not safe.

Thair standis into the sicht of Troy an ile,— Ane rade vnsikkir for schip and ballingere.

Doug. Virgil, 39, 22. 2, Unsteady, S.

Dame Life, tho' fiction out may trick her, Oh I flickering, feeble, and unsicker

I've found her still. V. SIKKIR. Bums, iv. 391.

UNSILLY, adj. Unhappy. V. UNSEL. UNSKAITHED, part. adj. Unhurt. *?. UNSNARRE, adj. Blunt; not sharp, S.B. V. SNARRE. To UNSNECK, v. a. To lift a latch, S.

Tip-tae she tript it o'er the floor ; She drew the bar, unsneck'd the door.

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 339. U N S N E D , part. pa. Not pruned or cut, S. U N S O N S I E , adj. 1. Unlucky, S.

Mony a ane had gotten his death By this unsonsie tooly. Ramsay's Poems, i. 259.

" The unsonsy fish gets the unlucky bait;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 69. 2. Causing ill luck; fatal; as applied to the supposed influence of witchcraft. 3. Dreary, suggesting the idea of goblins. 4, Mischievous, S. V. S O N S Y .

U N T U N W He leugh, and with unsonsy jest, Cry'd, " Nibour, I'm right blyth in mind, That in good tift my bow I find : Did not my arrow Hie right smart ? Ye'll find it sticking in your heart."

Ramsay's Poems, i. 146. UNSOPITED, part. pa. Not stilled ; not quashed. *?. UNSOUND, s.

Quhill this querrell be quyt I cover never in quert. Was never sa unsound set to m y hert.

Gawan and Gol. ii. 22. Teut. on-ghe-sonde, morbus ; Kilian.

U N S P E R K I T , adj. Not bespattered. *?. UN S P O I L Y I E D , part. pa. Not subjected to spoliation. U N S P O K E N W A T E R . Water from under a bridge, over which the living pass, and the dead are carried, brought in the dawn or twilight to the house of a sick person, without the bearer's speaking either in going or returning. *?.

U N S U S P E C T , part. adj. Not suspected, or not liable to suspicion. *?•

U N S W A C K , adj. Stiff; not agile. V. SWACK. *?.

Unspeakable; UNTELLABYLL, UNTELLIBYLL, adj. what cannot be told. " Thair followit yit ane cruell and terrybyll bargane

with vntellabyll murdir." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 44. a, b. Thy desir, Lady, is

Renewing of vntellybill sorow, I wys. Infandum, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 38, 36. The A. Saxons used unatellandlic, as signifying innu­

merable; Chron. Sax. A. 1043. U N T E L L A B L Y , adv. Ineffably.

The fader then Euander, as they departe, By the rycht hand thaym grippit with sad hart, His sone embrasing, and ful tendirly Apoun him hyngis, wepand vntellably.

Doug. Virgil, 262, 47. U N T E L L I N , U N T E L L I N G , adj. What cannot be told. " It was untelling what land that man possessed I" *?.

U N T E N T E D , part. pa. Not watched over. *?. U N T E N T Y , adj. Inattentive ; not watchful. *?. U N T H I N K A B I L L , adj. Inconceivable; what cannot be thought.

With hart it is vnthinkabill, And with toungis unpronounciabill.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 175. U N T H I R L I T , part. adj. Not astricted ; not thirled. 8. U N T H O C H T . To hand one unthocht lang, to keep one from wearying. It seems equivalent to the phrase still used, S. to haud one out of langer.

She's ta'en her till her mither's bower, As fast as she could gang;

And she's ta'en twa o' her mither's Marys, To haud her unthocht lang.

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 131. V.also p. 130. It seems to be merely, without thinking long; un being

used as a negative. Teut. ondeuchtigh, however, is ren­dered, Curae et timoris expers ; Kilian.

U N T H O L E A B L E , adj. Intolerable. V. TH O L E . *?.

U N T H O U G H T L A N G . Without thinking long, *?. UNTHRIFT, S. Wastefulness. & UNTHRIFTY, adj. Unfriendly; hostile to the pro­sperity of another.

Quhat wyld dotage sa made your hedis raif ? Or quhat vnthryfty God in sic foly Has you bewaimt here to Italy ?

V. THRYFT. Doug. Virgil, 299, 3.

619

UNTIDY, adj. Not neat; not trim ; applied not to the quality of the clothes, but especially to the mode of putting them on. *?.

UNTIDILIE, adv. Not neatly ; awkwardly. *?.

UNTILL, prep. Unto. V. SKAIR. U N T I M E O U S , adj. Untimely ; unseasonable. *?. U^TY^T, part.pa. Not lost.

The riall child Ascaneus full sone, giftis sere

Turssis with him of thi auld Troiane gere, Quhilk fra the storme of the sey is left mtynt.

V. TYN E . Doug. Virgil, 34, 38.

U N T O . Sometimes used in the sense of untill. *?. U N T R A I S T , adj. Unexpected.

" That he mycht be vntraist suddante the more cruelte exerce, he made his army reddy to inuade the Scottis on the nixt morrow." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 8. a.

Ilk court bin untraist and transitorie, Changing as oft as weddercok in wind.

V. TRAIST, adj. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 198.

V N T R A I S T I E , adj. Faithless; unworthy of trust. *?. V N T R A N S U M Y T , part. pa. Not transcribed. *?. U N T R E T A B Y L L , adj. " That cannot be intreated;

inexorable;" Rudd. Happy war he knew the cause of all thingis, And settis on syde all drede and cure, quod he, Vnder his feit that tredis and doun thringis Chancis vntretabill of fatis and destany.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 160, 26. Properly, unmanageable, untractable; Lat. intractabil-is.

V. TRETABYL.

UNTRIG, adj. Not trim ; slovenly. V. TRIG. *?. U N T R O W A B I L L , adj. Incredible.

Quhilk till descryue I am nocht abill, Quhose number bene so vntrowabill.

V. T R O W , V. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 78.

U N V I C I A T , part. adj. Productive ; not deficient. *?. U N W A R , U N W E R , adj. or adv. Unwary; or unawares.

Ane fule he was, and witles in ane thing, Persauit not Turnus Rutuliane King So violentlie thring in at the yet, Quham he vnwar within the ciete schet.

Doug. Virgil, 304, 18. Les sche vnwer but caus hir deith puruayit, Hir list na thyng behynd leif vnassayit.

Ibid. 114,23. A.S. unwar, unwaer, unwer, incautus. The Su.G. seems

to supply us with the root. For war, Isl. var, cautus, is from war-a, videre. Thus war properly respects circum­spection ; videns, qui rem quandam videt.

U N W A R Y I T , part. pa. Not accursed. Than wod for wo so was I quite myscaryit, That nothir God nor man I left vnwaryit.

V. W A R Y . Doug. Virgil, 63, 33.

U N W A R N Y S T , part. pa. Not warned, S. Unwar-nistly, without previous warning.

Thay tho assemblit to the fray in hy, And flokkis furth rycht fast vnwarnistly.

Doug. Virgil, 225, 13. Improvisi, Virg. V. W A R M S .

V N W A U K I T , part. pa. Not fulled. *• U N W E E L , adj. Ailing ; valetudinary; sickly, *?. U N W E M M Y T , part. adj. Unspotted; unstained.

Thou tuke mankynd of ane vnwemmyt Maid, Inclosit within ane Virginis bosum glaid.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 310, 22. A.S. un-waemme, un-waemmed, immaculatus, intemera-

V O G V O L tus. Maria unwaemme; Maria immaculata; Cod. Exon, ap. Lye. V. W E M E L E S , synon.

U N W E R D , s. Sad fate ; misfortune; ruin, S. Rudd. A.S. un-wyrd, infortunium. V. W E R D .

U N W Y N N A B I L L , adj. Impregnable. See Sup. " This crag is callit the Bas unwynnabill be ingyne of

man." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 9. Inexpugnabile, Boeth. This is nearly allied to A.S. un-winna, invincibilis; from

winn-an, vincere. U N W I N N E , adj. Unpleasant.

The leuedi of heighe kenne, His woundis schewe sche lete;

To wite his wo unwinne, So grimly he can grete.

Sir Tristrem, p. 78, st. 11. A.S. un-winsum, injucundus, inamoenus, asper. V. W I N .

U N W O L L I T , part. adj. Having the wool taken off. *?. U N W R O K I N , part. pa. Unrevenged.

And sayand this, hir mouth fast thristis sche Doun in the bed : Vnwrokin sail we de ?

Inultae, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 123, 17. A.S. un-wrecen, inultus; from un negat. and wrec-an,

ulcisci, wreog-an, id. V. W R A I K , W R O I K . U N Y E M E N T , s. Ointment.

" Quhen Schir James Douglas was chosyn as maist worthy of all Scotland to pas with Kyng Robertis hart to the haly land, he put it in ane cais of gold with arromitike and precious unyementis." Bellend. Cron. B. xv. c. 1. Lat. unguent-um. " The unyementis & drogareis that our forbearis usit

mycht not cure the new maledyis." Ibid. Fol. 17, b. VOALER, s. A cat. *?. VOAMD, s. Meat injured by being too long kept. *?. VOCE,*. Voice, S.B.

Ane feyndliche hellis voce scho schoutis schill; At quhais sound all trymblit the forest, The derne woddis resoundit est and west.

Doug. Virgil, 225, 37. VODDER, s. Weather. V. WODDER. *?. VODE, adj. 1. Empty; void.

Unto thir wordis, he nane answere maid, Nor to my vode demandis na thing said.

Doug. Virgil, 48, 32. 2. Light; indecent.

The rial stile, clepit Heroicall, Full of wourschip and nobilnes ouer all, Suld be compilit, but tenchis or vode wourde, Kepand honest wise sportis, quhare euer thay bourde.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 271, 30. To V O D E , V. a. To void; to empty.

Eftir all was vodit, and the lycht of day Ay mare and mare the mone quenchit away,— Within hir chalmer alone scho langis sare, And thocht all waist for laik of hir luffare.

Doug. Virgil, 102, 25. Ubi digressi, Virg. When the company were all gone.

V O E , s. An inlet; a creek or bay, Orkney, Shetl. " This inlet or voe furnishes several excellent harbours,

such as Busta Voe, South Voeter, and Alnafirth." P. Delting, Shetl. Statist. Ace. i. 390. " Voes,—in the ancient language of these islands, signify

such creeks or bays as penetrate far into the land." Barry's Orkney, p. 39. " The parish is every where intersected with long nar­

row bays, called here Voes or Friths." P. Aithstino-Shetl. Statist. Ace. vii. 581.

Isl. vogr., fretum; G. Andr. p. 257. V. Brand's Orkney, p. 65.

V O G I E , V O K I T , adj. 1. Vain, S. 620

Of your consent, he says, I'm mair nor fain, And vogie that I can ca' you my ain.

Ross's Helenore, p. 112. " Whisht," quoth the vougy jade, " William's a wise judicious lad, " Has havins mair than e'er ye had,

" Ill-bred bog-stalker." Ramsay's Poems, ii. 338.

" I was fidgen fain an' unco vokie fan I got out ouer her, for as laggart an' trachel'd as I was wi' taavin amo' the dubs." Journal from London, p. 4.

To Waistgude luk and heir neid that I lefo; To Covatyce syn gif this bleis of fyre ; To servant Voky ye beir this rown slef.

K. Hart, ii. 66. Voky seems to be Vanity in dress personified. " In

Scotland," Mr. Pinkerton remarks, " they say a man is voggy when he is proud." Note, Maitland's Poems, p. 379. But it properly denotes ostentation. This might seem allied to Isl. allvogliga, magnifice, ho-

norifice, veg-ur, honor, Su.G. vaeg-a, honorare ; or to A.S. bog-an, Belg. pochg-en, to boast, to vaunt. It may, how­ever, have been formed from Fr. vogue, Ital. voga, fame, pre-eminence. 2. Merry; cheerful; an oblique sense, S.B. See Sup. V O Y A G E , s. A journey. *?. To V O Y C E , VOICE, V. n. To vote. *?. To VOICE out, v. a. To elect by vote. *?. VOICER, s. A voter.

" —That his voicing should not import his approbation of the commissions of any voicer against whom he was to propone any just exception in due time."—Baillie's Lett. i. 99. The v. is also used, as by Shakspeare.

VOICING, S. The act of voting. *?. V O L AGE, V O L L A G E , adj. 1. Giddy; inconsiderate; fickle ; Fr. volage. See Sup. " — T h e iugement of Gode (quhilk virkis al thyng) is

ane profound onknauen deipnes, the quhilk passis humaine ingyne to comprehende the grounde or limitis of it: be cause oure vit is ouer febil, oure ingyne ouer harde, oure thochtis ouer vollage, ande oure yeiris ouer schort." Compl. S. p. 32.

2. Profuse ; prodigal; " He's unco volage o' his siller."*?. V O L E M O U S E . The Short-tailed Field Mouse, Orkn.

The field campagnol. *?ee Sup. " The Short-tailed Field Mouse (mus agrestis, Lin. Syst.)

which with us has the name of the vole mouse, is very often found in marshy grounds that are covered with moss and short heath." Barry's Orkney, p. 314. Perhaps vole has the same sense with field; A.S. wold,

planities; Su.G. wall, solum herbidum. To V O L I S H , v. n. To talk ostentatiously. S. V O L I S H E R , s. A n ostentatious talker. *?. VOLOUNTE', s. The will.

The ilk stounde of his awin fre volounte, loue callis Juno, and thus carpis he.

Doug. Virgil, 340, 5. Fr. volonte, Lat. volunt-as.

V O L T , s. Vault or cellar. V. V O U T . *?. Thy tour, and fortres lairge and lang, Thy nychbours dois excell. Thy groundis deip, and toppis hie Uprising in the air ; Thy voltis plesand ar to sie, Thay ar so greit and fair.

Prayse of Lethingtoun, Maitland Poems, p. 255. Vaults, Pinkerton. But perhaps rather applied to the

V o u U P B roofs; from PY. voulte, which not only signifies a vault, but " a vaulted or embowed roofe;" Cotgr. V. V O U T .

V O L T , s. Countenance; aspect. V. V U L T . *?. V O L U P T U O S I T I E , s. Voluptuousness. *?. V O L U S P A , s. Explained as synonymous with Sybil. 8. To V O M E , v. a. To puke ; to vomit. *?. V O M I T E R , s. An emetic. *?. VOR, s. The spring-time, Orkney, Shetl. V. V E I R . VOTE, s. A vow.

He " maid solempnit vote that he & his posterite sail use na ansenye in tymes cumyng (quhen tyme of battal occur-rit) bot the croce of Sanct Andro." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c, 5. Voit, Ibid. B. xiii. c. 7. Lat. vot-um.

To V O T E , v. a. To devote. Votit, part pa. " Becaus sa gret trubill risis daylie aganis the Cristih

pepill, the maist catholik prince Charlis hes votit hym to the deith in defence thairof aganis the ennymes of God." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 2. Devovisse, Boeth.

V O T H , s. Outlawry. " Voth signifies outlawrie, vtlagium." Skene, Verb.

Sign, in vo. Allied perhaps to Isl. vode, Su.G. waada, (pron. voda)

periculum. V. V O U T H M A N . V O U R , s. The seed-time. V. V E I R . *?. V O U R A K , s. Wreck. " The vourak of the schip." *?. V OUSS, s. The liquor, or tea, of hay and chaff boiled.*?. To V O U S T , v. n. T o boast, S.

In siclyke wyse this Juturna beliue Throw out the oistis can the horsis driue, —And schew hir brothir Turnus in his chare, Now brauland in this place, now voustand thare.

Doug. Virgil, 427, 13. Great as it is, I need na voust.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 3. VOUST, V O I S T , s. Boasting, S. a boast; a brag, Gl. Shirr.

And lo as Pharon cryis and doys roust, With haltand wourdis and with mekle voust, Eneas threw an dart at him that tyde, Quhilk, as he gapit, in his mouth did glide.

Doug. Virgil, 327, 10. Thare sal thou se, thare sal thou knaw anone, Quhom to thys wyndy glore, voist and avantis, The honour, or with pane the louing grantis.

Ibid. 390, 4. Whare then was a' your windy vousts ?

Ye that is now sa kneef I Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 23.

Perhaps radically the same with boast, v and b being letters of the same organs. Junius derives boast from C.B. bostio, id.; Seren. from Goth, buse, biesse, rex, dominans. Isl. Masse, pugil; Ihre, vo. Biesse. See Sup.

VOUSTER, s. A boaster, S. Rudd. V. WO I S T A R E . VOUSTY, adj. Vain ; given to boasting.

And chiels shall come frae yont the Cairn-a-mounth right vousty,

If Ross will be so kind as share in Their pint at Drousty.

Beattie's Address, Ross's Helenore, st. 16. V O U T , «. A vault, S. O.E. id.

" Vout vnder the ground, (Fr.) uoute," Palsgraue; also voulte. This seems of Gothic origin; Sw. hwalfd, arched, vaulted, hwaelfw-a, to arch, to vault, also written waelfw-a, vaeljv-a; A.S. hwalf, convexus; Isl. hioel, sphaera.

V O U T H , adj. or s. Prosecuted, or prosecution, in course of law ; a forensic term. " Vouth signifies persewed, calling, or accusation, from

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Voucher, id. est, Vocare, used in the auld French and Eng­lish lawes." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Voth, But the origin is evidently A.S. wothe, clamor.

V O U T H M A N , S. A n outlaw. " In our auld Scottish langage ane Vouthman is ane out­

law, or ane fugitiue fra the lawes." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Voth.

This, in connexion with the preceding word, may per­haps point out the origin of Voth, as signifying outlawry. Vouthman may have denoted one who was legally called, and not compeirand, or presenting himself in court, was outlawed.

V O W , interj. Expressive of admiration or surprise, S. Yonder he comes ; and vow !• but he looks fain : Nae doubt he think's that Peggy's now his ain.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 144. Isl. vo, mctuendum quid; also, repente, ex iraproviso.

V. Verel. & G. Andr. V. W A A H . VOWBET, s.

Yet wanshapen Vowbet of the weirds invytit, I can tell thee how, when, where, and what gat thee, The quhilk was neither man nor wife, Nor human creature on life.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 12. It might be conjectured that the word were comp. of

two Isl. terms; vo (resembling Lat. ve in Vejovis, vegran-dis, vesanus) signifying vain, unlucky, also, what is to be feared ; and baete, bot-a, to bless; q. what bears the marks of the curse, or cannot be mended. The term here denotes a child supposed to be carried off by the Fairies; according to a vulgar idea still prevailing in some parts of Scotland.

But the original sense is determined by what is said elsewhere.

A warlock, and a warwolf, a vowbet but hair. Ibid. p. 25.

It therefore seems the same word with wobat, S.A., a hairy worm, which crawls on vegetables, somewhat of the caterpillar kind.

Sibb. renders woubit, oubit, one of those worms which appear as if covered with wool, Gl., as if the term wool or woo entered into the composition. But more probably it is from A.S. wibba, a worm.

A voubet but hair, is a worm in so imperfect a state, that the hair is not yet grown. Wobat is said to be "a hairy caterpillar." Edin. Rev. Oct. 1803, p. 206. O.E. " War-bot, a worme; escarbot," Fr. Palsgraue. V W O B A T .

V O W K Y , adj. Vain. *?. To V O W L , v. a. A term used at cards when one of the parties loses all in a game. *?.

V O W L , s. The state of being quite out of hand in a game of cards, or of losing every thing. *?.

UP, adv. 1. Denoting the state of being open. " Set up the door," open the door. 2.The vacation of acourt, or rising of a meeting of any kind. The Session is up. *?.

UP, adv. Often used as a s. Ups and Downs, changes; vicissitudes; alternations ofprosperity and adversity,*?.

N E I T H E R U P NOR D O W N . In the same state; without any discernible difference. *?•

UP-BY, UP-BYE, adv. Applied to an object at some little distance, to which one must approach by ascending.*?.

T O C O M E UP-BY. To approach, giving the idea of ascent.*?. U P WI'. Even with; quit with. *?. UP-A-L A N D , adj. At a distance from the sea; in the country; rustic. V. U P L A N D S . *?.

To UP-BANG, v. a. To force to rise, especially by beating.

By sting and ling they did up-bang her,

U P D U P H

And bare her down between them To Duncan's burn.

Mare of Codington, Watson's Coll. i. 48. i. e. They forced her to get upon her feet, partly by

beating, and partly by raising her by means of a rope. V. BANG ; also STING and LING.

To UPBIG, W P B I G , V. a. 1. To build up. 2. To rebuild. 3. Filled with high apprehensions of one's self. »?.

To U P B R E D , v. a. To set in order ; to upbred burdis, to set tables in order for a meal.

All thus thay move to the meit: and the Marscbale Gart bring watter to wesche. ofa well cleir: That wes the Falcone so fair, frely but faile Bad bernis burdis upbred, with a blyth chere.

V. BRAID up the burde. Houlate, iii. 4. VPBRINGING,.?. Education; instruction. 8. To UP-BULLER, V. a. To boil or throw up. V.

BULLER, V.

UPCAST, s. Taunt; reproach, S. With blyth vpcast and merry countenance, • The elder sister then speird at hir gest,

Gif that scho thocht be reson differance Betwixt that chalmer and her sary nest.

Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 150. " This did never occasion bitter reflections, or was their

upcast before the world, that they trusted God in a day of strait and were not helped." Fleming's Fulfilling, p. 29. V. CAST UP. V.

UPCAST, s. Tbe state of being overturned. *?. UPCASTING, s. The rising of clouds above the hori­zon, especially as threatening rain, S. In this sense it is also said, Its beginning to cast up, i. e. The sky begins to be overcast, E.

UPCOIL, s. A kind of game with balls. And now in May to madynnis fawis, With tymmer wechtis to trip in ringis, And to play vpcoil with the bawis.

Scott, Evergreen, ii. 186, MS. This seems to refer to the ancient custom of tossing up

different balls into the air, and catching them before they reached the ground. V. Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, p. 132.

U P C O M E , s. 1. Promising appearance ; ground of ex­pectation as to the future ; the idea being probably borrowed from the first appearance of the braird, or blade after sowing. " The king on a time was discoursing at table of the

personages of men, and by all mens confession the prero­gative was adjudged to the Earle of Angus. A courtier that was by (one Spense of Kilspindie,) whether out of envie to hear him so praised, or of his idle humour onely, cast in a word of doubting and disparaging. It is true, said he, if all be good that is up-come; meaning if his action and valour were answerable to his personage and body," Hume's Hist. Douglas, p. 235. 2. Advancement in stature ; bodily growth. *?.

A.S. up-cyme, up-comyng, ortus ; a springing or coming up ; Somner. Isl. uppkomid, proditum est.

To U P D A W , v. n. To dawn. Thus draif thai our that deir nicht with dauteing [and chere;]

Quhill that the day did updaw. —— Dunbar, Maitland's Poems, p. 63.

Belg. op-daag-en, to rise, to appear, is given by Sewel, as a compound term from daag-en, to dawn. V. D A W , V.

U P D O R R O K , adj. Worn out. 8. 622

UP-DRINKING, s. An entertainment given to gossips after the recovery of a female from child-bearing. *?.

UP-FUIRDAYS. Up before sunrise. V. FURE-DAYS.*?. U P G A E , s. An interruption or break in a mineral stratum, which holds its direction upwards, *?.

U P G A N G , s. 1. an ascent; an acclivity. Bot his horss, that wes born down, Combryt thaim the wpgang to ta.

Barbour, vi. 141, MS. On the south haiff, quhar James was, Is ane wpgang, a narrow pass. Ibid. viii. 88, MS.

2. The act of ascending. *?. A.S.wp-ga«g,ascensus; up-gang-an, sursum ire, ascendere.

U P G A N G , s. A sudden increase of wind and sea; *?, U P G A STANG, s. A species of loom anciently used in Orkney. V. V A D M E L L .

U PGESTRY, OPGESTRIE, OpGESTEHY.fi. A law in Shet­land empowering possessors of wrfanandswith consent of their heirs to dispose of their patrimony to any person who would undertake their support for life. *?.

OBGESTER, S. The designation given the Udaller re­ceived for permanent support. *?.

To UPGIF, v. a. To deliver up; an old law term. . *?. VPGEVAR, UPGIVER,*. One who delivers up to another.*?. UPGIVING, s. The act of giving or delivering up. *?. U P H A L D , U P H A U D , s. 1. Support; sustentation, S. uphadd. See Sup. " Yit my hart feiring to displeis yow, as meikle in

the reiding heirof, as I delite me in the writing, I will mak end, efter that I haue kissit your handis with als greit affectioun as I pray God (O the only uphold of my lufe) to giue yow lang and blissit lyfe, and to me your goodfauour as the only gude that I desyre, and to the quhilk I pre­tend." Buchanan's Detect. Q. Mary, Lett. II. 3. a. 2. The act of upholding a building, so as to prevent its falling to decay, or the obligation to do so. *?. Su.G. uppehaelle, alimonia; Isl. uphellde, sustentatio,

sustentaculum, victualia. The term is used, S. for means of bodily support, or as denoting a person who supports another in this respect.

To U P H A L D , U P H A U D , U P H A D D , v. a. 1. To support;

to maintain ; to make provision for. 2. To warrant; as, to uphadd a horse sound; to warrant him free of defect, S. uphowd, id. A Bor. 3. To furnish horses on a road for a mail, stage or diligence. *?.

UPH A D I N , S. Upholding. *?. To U P H A U D , v.n. To affirm ; to maintain. *?, U P H A L I E D A Y , V P H A L Y DAY. The first after the termination of the Christmas holydays. *?.

To U P H A V E , v. a. Apparently, to heave up. *?, To U P - H E ' , U P H I E , V. a. Toliftup; toexalt; nret.vpkeit.

Full few thare bene, quhom heich aboue the skyis Thare ardent vertew has rasit and vpheit.

Doug. Virgil, 167, 29. Sum, warldly honour to wp hie, Gevis to thame that nothing neidis.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 48. " From high or hy, q. d. uphyed ;" Rudd. But A.S. wp-

heah signifies, sublimis; and he-an is used as a v. Dan. ophoy-er, Belg. ophoog-en, to exalt. V. HE, V.

UPHEILD, part pa. Carried upwards. The bettir part of me sail be vpheild Aboue the sternis perpetualy.to ring.

Doug. Virgil, Concl. 480, 87, A.S. up, and hyld-an inclinare.

To UPHEIS, v. a. To exalt, S.

U P P V P S And souerane vertew, spred so for on brede is. Sal mak thame goddis, and thame deify, And thame vpheis full hie aboue the sky.

V. HEIS. Doug. Virgil, 477, 31.

To U P H E U E , v. a. To lift up. The fader Eneas astonyst wox sum dele, Desirus this sing suld betakin sele, His handis baith vpheuis towart the heuyn, And thus gan mak his bone with myld steuyn.

Doug. Virgil, 476, 37. A.S, up-hef-an, up-aliaef-an, levare, Isl. upphef-ia exal-

tare, Su.G, upphaefw-a, id. U P H Y N T , part. pa. Snatched up ; plucked up.

Als sone as first the goddis omnipotent Be sum signis or takinnis lyst consent, The ensenyeis and baneris be vphynt,— Se ye al reddy be than but delay.

V. HINT. Doug. Virgil, 360,10. U P H O U G , S. Ruin ; bankruptcy. *?. UPLANDS, U P OF LAND, UPON-LAND, UPLANE, adj. 1. One who lives in the country, as distinguished from the town. " Ane Barges may poynd ane uplands man, or the Bur-

ges of ane other burgh, within or without the time of market, within or without the house." Burrow Lawes, c. 3. s. 1. Foris habitantes, Lat. This term, as Mr. Pinkerton observes, is equivalent to

landwartfrequently used in our laws, as opposed to borough. 2. Rustic; unpolished.

Thus sang ane burd with voce upplane; " All erdly joy returnis in pane."

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 87. John Up-on-lands Complaint is the title of one of our

old poems, Ibid. p. 144., borrowed perhaps from Chaucer's Jacke Uplande. A.S. up-land, highland, a hilly country or region; also,

a midland country far from the sea. Up-landisc man, monticola, rusticus, one that dwelleth on a hilly or moun­tainous soil, or far from the sea-coast; Somner. To ealcan cyrcean uppeland ; To every country kirk ; Chron. Sax. 192, 34.

U P L A N D S H O O E , s. A sort of rullion, or a shoe made of an undressed hide with the hair on it. *?.

VPLESIT, part. pa. Recovered. *?. To UPLIFT,* v. a. To collect; applied to money. *?. VPLIFTER, S. A collector. >?•

UPLIFTING, S. Collection ; exaction. *?.

UPLIFTED, part. adj. Under the influence of pride.*?. To UPLOIP, v. n. To ascend with rapidity; to rise quickly to an elevated station.

The cadger dims, new cleikit from the creill, And ladds uploips to Lordships all thair lains.

Montgomerie, MS. Chron. S. P. Hi. 499. Teut. qpfoop-ew, sursum currere,sursum ferri. V.LOUP.V.

To VPMAK, v.n. 1. To supply where there is a defi­ciency, 2. To build up, 3. To compensate. 8.

U P M A K , S. 1. A contrivance ; an invention. 2. Com­position. 3. A fabrication. 8.

U P P A L , S. Support; corrupted from uphold. S. UPPIL A B O O N , clear over-head ; a phrase applied to the atmosphere, S.B. This phrase is pure Gothic, Sw. uphaalls vaeder, dry

weather; from uphaalla, to bear up. Haalla up is used in the same sense in which we say, It will hadd up, i. e. There will be no rain. Del haaller uppe, (om regn) It holds up. Jag mil gaa ut, om det bara haaller uppe ; I will go out, if it does but hold up; Wideg. Hence.

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To U P P I L , V. n. To clear up. It will uppil, a phrase used when it is supposed that the rain will go off, S.B. See 8.

UPPlL.s. Chief delight; ruling desire. *?. UPP I N S , adv. A little way upwards; as, Dounnins, a little way downwards. *?.

U P P I S H , adj. Aspiring; ambitious, S. from up de­noting ascent; like Su.G. ypp-a, elevare, and yppig, superbus, vanus, from upp, sursum. See Sup.

U P - P U T , s. The power of secreting, so as to prevent discovery.

Tho he can swear from side to side, And Iye, I think he cannot hide. He has been several times affronted By slie backspearers, and accounted An emptie rogue. They are not fitt For stealth, that want a good up-put.

Cleland's Poems, p. 101. UP-PUTTING, fi. Erection. S. UP-PUTTING, UP-PUTTIN, UP-PITTIN. s. 1. Lodg­

ing ; entertainment, whether for man or horse; as, "gude up-puttin." 2. A place ; a situation. *?.

To U P R A X , v. a. To stretch upward ; to erect. Vpraxit him he has amyd the place, Als big as Athon, the hie mont in Trace.

'V. RAX. Doug. Virgil, 437, 2. To U P R E N D , v. a. To render or give up.

Ane for mare ganand saule I offer the, And victour eik my craft and wappinnis fare Vprendis here for now and euermare.

Doug. Virgil, 144, 2. UPREUIN, part. pa. Torn up.

Bot eftir that the third sioun of treis, Apoun the sandis sittand on my kneis, I schupe to haue upreuin with mare preis.

Doug. Virgil, 68, 23. U P R I G H T B U R . The Lycopodium selago. 8. To U P S E T , v. a. To recover from ; applied to a hurt, affliction, or calamity, S. win aboon, synon. See *?.

Folk as stout an' clever, As ony shearin' here,

Hae gotten skaith they never Upset for mony year.—A.Douglas's Poems, p. 123.

The idea is borrowed from setting up something that has fallen or been overturned; Teut.opsett-en,Sw. upsaett-a.

To U P S E T , v. a. To overset; to overturn ; as, to up­set a cart, boat, &c, by making the one side to rise so much above the other as to lose the proper balance, S. also used as v. n. in the same sense.

U P S E T , s. Insurrection ; mutiny. And in the caws of that wpset, That wyolent wes than and gret, The Byschape of Lwndyn scho gert be Hey hangyd a-pon gallow tre. Wyntown, viii. 22, 47.

Su.G. uppsaet, machinatio, O.Teut. opset, insidiae, Mod. Sax. upsate, seditio; from saett-a, to lay snares. , Synon. Isl. uppsteyt, Sw. uplop, rebellio.

To U P S E T , v. a. To refund ; to repair. *?. To U P S E T , v.a. 1. To set up ; to fix in a particular

situation. 2. To confirm; to make good. 8. U P S E T , V P S E T T , S. 1. The admission ofa person to the freedom of any trade in a borough. 2. The money paid in order to one's being admitted into any trade. *?.

UPSET-PRICE. The price at which any property or goods are exposed to sale, (set up) by auction. *?.

V P S E T T A R , S. One who fixes, sets or sticks up; used as to placards. 8.

U P T U R E

U P S E T T I N G , part. pa. I. Applied to such as aim at higher things than their situation in life allows; aping the modes of superiors. 2.Improperlyused for vehement.*?.

UPSET T I N G . S . Assumptionofright; ambitious conduct.*?. U P S E T T I N G - L I K E , adj. Having the appearance of a

spirit of assumption and self-elevation. *?, U P S H L A A G , fi. A thaw. *?. UPSIDES, adv. Quits, q. on an equal foot, S.

" I'll gee fyfteen shillins to thee, cruikit carl, For a friend to him ye kythe to me ;

Gin ye'll take me to the wicht Wallace; For up-sides wi'm I mean to be."

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 170. U P S I T T E N , part. pa. Listless; callous with regard to

the progress or performance of religious duties. *?. V P S I T T I N G , s. A sort of wake after the baptism of a

child. *?• To U P S K A 1 L , v. a. To scatter upwards, S.

And sic fowill tailrs, to sweip the calsay clene, The dust upskaillis.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 44. st. 15. V. Note, p. 256. V. SKAIL, V.

U P S T A R T , s. A stick in the wooden work ofa thatch-roof, but not reaching to the summit. , *?•

To U P S T E N D , v. n. To spring up. Upstendit than the stalwart stede on hicht, And with his helis flang vp in the are.

Doug. Virgil, 352, 50. Tollit se adrectum ; Virg. V. STEND.

U P S T E N T , part. pa. Erected. At euery sanctuary and altare vpstent, In karrolling the lusty ladyis went.

Doug. Virgil, 269, 50. From Teut. op and stan stabilire, or stenn-en fulcire.

U P S T I R R I N G , s. Excitement. *?. To U P S T O U R , v. n. To rise up in a disturbed state, as dust in motion, or the spray of the sea.

Younder mycht thou se The heirdys of hartis wyth thare hedis hie Ouer spynnerand wyth swyft cours the plane vale, The hepe of dust upstourand at thare tale.

Doug. Virgil, 105, 15. —All the sey vpstouris with an quhidder, Ouerweltit with the bensell of the aris.

V. STOUR, v. Doug. Virgil, 268, 34.

U P S T R A U C H T , pret. Stretched up, q. erected. Bot sche than als hate as fyre,—

Alicht, and to hir mait the hors betaucht; At his desire anone on fute vpstraucht, With equale armour bodin wounder licht.

V. STRAUCHT. Doug. Virgil, 390, 8.

U P - S U N , s. After sunrise; before the sun set. *?. To U P T A K , v. a. To understand ; to comprehend. *?. U P T A K , U P T A K I N G , S. Apprehension, S. *?ee Sup.

" But Mr. David, for all your malecontentment it is better than you apprehend it: your errour proceeds from the wrong uptaking of the question." Bp. Galloway's Dikaiologie, p. 85.

To UPTAK,v.a. 1.To collect, applied to money, fines, &c. Syn. Uplift. 2. To make an inventory or list. *?.

UPTAKiN.fi. The act of collecting or receiving. *?. U P T A K I N G , s. Exaltation. S. U P T E N I T , pret. v. Obtained. S. UP-THROUGH,ae?». 1 .In the upper part of the country

or higher district. V. D O U N T H R O U G H . 2. Upwards, so as to pass through to the other side. *?.

624

U P - T H R O U G H , adj. Living or situated in the upper part of the country. *?•

U P - T H R O W I N , s. The vulgar term for puking. *?. U P T Y I N G , s. The act of putting in bonds. *?. U P W A R K , s. Labour in the inland ox upland, as dis­

tinguished from employment in fishing. *?. U P W E L T , pret. Threw up. V. W E L T . U P W I T H , adv. 1. Upwards, S, See Sup.

" As meikle upwith, as meikle downwith;" S. Prov. Ferguson, p. 2. " Spoken when a man has got a quick advancement, and as sudden depression;" Kelly, p. 24. 2. As a s. To the upwith, taking a direction upwards, S.

This is merely Isl. uppvid, sursum tenus; G. Andr. V. DOUN WITH, OUTWITH.

UPWITH, adj. Uphill, S. To the next woode twa myil thai had to gang, Off vpwith erde; thai yeid with all thair mycht, Gud hope thai had, for it was ner the nycht.

V. preceding word. Wallace, v. 101. MS. U P W I T H , , S. A n ascent; a rising ground. *?. To U P W R E I L E , v. a. To raise or lift up with con­

siderable exertion. Sum on thare nek the grete comes vpwrelis, And ouer the furris besely tharewith spelis.

Doug. Virgil, 113,54. —From the scharp rolk skairslie with grete slicht Sergestus gan vpwreile his schip euil dicht.

V. WREIL. Ibid. 136, 43.

V R A C K , fi. Wreck; ruin. V. W R A C K , S. V R A N , s. The wren, A.S. wraen. " Vran is still the Lothian pronunciation;" Gl. Compl. " Robeen and the litil vran var hamely in vyntir."

Compl. S. p. 60. W R A N D L Y , adv. Without intermission; or with much contention, w used as a vowel.

The Scottis war hurt, and part of thaim war slayn ; So fair assay thai couth nocht mak agayn. Be this the host approchand was full ner; Thus wrandly thai held thaim wpon ster.

Wallace, iv. 644. MS. Fris. wrant, a litigious person, wrant-en, to litigate.

U R E , s. Chance; fortune. —Bot dryve the thing rycht to the end, And tak the vre that God wald send.

Barbour, i. 312. MS. " Lordingis, sen it is swa

" That vre rynnys again ws her, " Gud is we pass off thar daunger." Ibid. ii. 434. MS, For thai thare ure wald with him ta, Gyff that he eft war assaylyt swa. Ibid. vi. 377. MS.

Mr. Macpherson thinks that, when this word has no addition, it is " generally understood of good fortune." But it seems to be used quite indefinitely. He refers to Arm. O.Fr. eur, " retained in bonheur, malheur, which etymologists derive from heure, hour, as if the words sig­nified metaphorically good hour, bad hour j whereas the meaning is obvious and simple without any metaphor." Gl. Wynt. Eur is used in the sense of hazard, Rom. de la Rose.

Teut. wre, vicissitudo. It might be supposed, without any great stretch, that these terms were radically from Isl, urd, Alem. urdi, fate, or the designation of the first of the Fates. But it must be acknowledged, as unfavourable to this etymon, that Teut. ure also signifies hora. Hence the phrase, Ter goeder uren, fortunately, i. e. in a good hour; exactly corresponding to Fr. A la bonne heure.

U R E , s. " Practice, toil;" Gl. Pink. See Sup. A thrid, O maistres Marie ! make I pray:

U R E U R U And put in ure thy worthie vertews all. For famous is your fleing fame; I say, Hyd not so haut a hairt in slugish thrall.

Maitland Poems, p. 267. In this sense it may be allied to Teut. ure, commoditas,

temporis opportunitas; Kilian. U R E , s. The point of a weapon.

" And gif he hurtis or defoulis with felonie assailyeand with edge or vre, he sail remaine in presoun but remeid, quhill assyth be maid to the partie, and amendis to the King or to the Lord, that it belangis to as effeiris." Acts, Ja. I. 1426, c. 108. Edit. 1566. Edge or ure, i. e. edge or point. This is the same with

ord, orde, horde, O.E. Hys sword he drough out than, Was scharp of egge, and ord.

Lybaeus, Ritson's E.M.R. ii. 81, Horn tok the maister heved That he him hade byreved. Ant sette on is suerue, Aboven othen orde. Geste Kyng Horn, Ibid. ii. 117. Mid speres ord hue stonge. Ibid. ii. p. 149. Swilk lose thai wan with spereskorde, Over al the werld went the worde.

Ywaine and Gawin, Ibid. i. 3. Su.G. or, ane. our, a weapon; Isl. aur, an arrow. Ord

is merely the A.S. term rendered acies, cuspis, " the point of any thing, the point or edge of a weapon;" Somner. Perhaps they have some affinity to Isl. or, acer. Ure seems radically the same with Wyr, a. v.

U R E , fi. L Ore; in relation to metals, S. See Sup. In Lyde contre thou born was, fast by, The plentuous sulye, quhare the goldin riuere Pactolus warpis on ground the goldin vre clere.

Doug. Virgil, 318, 41. A.S. ora, Belg. oor, oore, id.

2. The fur or crust which adheres to vessels, in conse­quence of liquids standing in them, S.B. This seems only an oblique sense of the same word.

U R Y , adj. Furred ; crusted, S.B. U R E , fi. A denomination of land in Orkney and Shet­land. Also in Sweden. See Sup. " In these parishes there are 1618 merks 4 ures of land.

An ure is the eighth- part of a merk. The dimensions of the merk vary not only in the different parishes of Shet­land, but in different towns of the same parish ; and though in some of the towns in these united parishes, it will not measure above half a Scots acre, yet so much does it ex­ceed the Scots acre in others, that the whole of the arable land cannot be less than 1600 acres." P. Tingwall, Shetl. Statist. Ace. xxi. 278. V. M E R K . To what is said there, it may be added that

AS. ora, ore, was a denomination of money, whether coined, or reckoned by weight, constituting an ounce or the twelfth part of a pound. As this term was introduced into E. by the Danes, it must have been originally the same with Isl. auri, both the A.S. and the Isl. word signi­fying an ounce. Auri, est octava pars marcae, tam in fundo, quam in mobilibus; Verel, p. 23. The mode of reckoning, however, was different; Isl. auri being the eighth part of a pound or mark. For the mark in Isl. contains eight ounces. V. G. Andr. p. 175.

U R E , s. Colour; tinge, S.B. This may be allied to Belg. verw, Sw. ferg, id.

U R E , s. Soil. An ill ure, a bad soil, Ang, lr. Gael, uir, mould, earth, dust; Isl. ur, gravelly soil.

URE.s. Sweat; perspiration, Ang. Hence ury, clammy, covered with perspiration.

V O L . II. 625

U R E , fi. Slow heat as that from embers; suffocating heat. U R E , s. A kind of coloured haze made by the sun­

beams passing through the moisture which is exhaled from the land and the ocean; a haze in the air. *?.

U R E , s. The dug or udder of any animal, particularly of a sheep or cow. Syn. Lure. S.

U R E - L O C K , S. Wool growing round the udder of a sheep which is plucked off when it is near lambing-time that the young m ay easily get to the udder of the dam. S.

UREEN (Gr. •*.), s. A ewe. *? VRETTAR, s. A writer. & URF, W U R F , s. I. A stunted ill-grown person, gene­

rally applied to children. 2. A crabbed or peevish person of diminutive size. 3. A fairy. V. W A R F . *?.

U R I S K , s. The name of a satyr in the Highlands of S. S. U R I S U M , U R U S U M , adj. 1. Troublesome; vexatious.

Astablit lyggis styl to sleip, and restis— The lytil mydgis, and the vrusum fleis, Lauborius emottis, and the bissy beis.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 450, 6. 2. " S. frightful, terrifying;" Rudd.

This learned writer derives it from S. ery, fearful; evi­dently founding his etymon on the vulgar use of the term. But most probably it is quite a different word. There cannot, at any rate, be the least affinity between ery and urusum, as signifying troublesome. This seems allied to Su.G. orolig, inquietus, (the term sum being used instead of lig or like,) from oro, inquies, comp. of o negat. and ro, quies; like Germ, unruhe, id. from un and ruhe. This exactly corresponds to the sense; " the restless flies." V. ROIF, rest.

U R L U C H (gutt.), s. adj. « Silly-looking," Gl. Ross. i. e. having a feeble and emaciated appearance, S.B. *?ee*?.

Ayont the pool I spy'd the lad that foil, Drouked and looking unco urluch like.

Ross's Helenore, p. 43. Perhaps q. oorielike, as chilled by cold, or in consequence

of being drenched with water; as the person referred to is supposed to have been nearly drowned, p. 42.

I thought therein a lad was like to drown, His feet yeed frae him, and his head went down,

V. OORIE,

But, perhaps, it is rather q. wurl-Mke. V. W R O U L and W A R W O L F . The latter derivation seems confirmed by the use of A. Bor. url, to look sickly; urled, stunted in growth; whence urling, a little dwarfish person.

To U R N , v. a. T o pain ; to torture. V. E R N , V. See S. Quhat 1 haiff had in wer befor this day, Presoune and payne to this nycht was hot play; So bett I am with strakis sad and sar, The cheyle wattir vrned me mekill mar ; Eftir gret blud throu heit in cauld was brocht, That off m y lyff almost no thing I roucht.

Wallace, v. 384. M S . Wined, Perth Edit. In Edit. 1648, it is altered still

more strangely; The skrill water then burnt me meikell more.

The term is still used, Ang. To urn the ee, to pain the eye, as a mote or a grain of sand does. This term might have been originally limited to what causes pain by the seusation of heat; as allied to Isl. orne, calor, orn-a, cale-facio, om, focus. V- Verel. vo. Ornaz, and G. Andr. A.S. yrm-ed signifies afflicted, tormented. But we cannot view this as the origin of our term, without supposing that it has been corrupted.

To U R P , v. n. T o become pettish. V. O R P . *?. U R U S , s. The name given to the wild white bull that

was former] v so common in the Caledonian forest. 8. J 4K

U T O V U N

To U S C H E ' , U S C H E , V. n. To issue; to go out. See 8-

He had ane previe postroun of his awin, That he micht usche, quhen him list, unknawin.

V, ISCHE, V. n. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 70. U S C H E , S. Issue; termination. *?.

To U S H E , V. a. To clear.

— The Lords — " recommends to the Ordinary in the Outter-house, from time to time, upon the petitioners desyre, to order the house to be ushed and cleared." Act Sederunt, 3. Feb. 1685. V. ISCHE, V. a.

U S E , s. Interest of money. • *?• To USE,* v. a. To frequent; to be accustomed to. *?. U S T E , s. The host; the sacrifice of the mass in the

church of Rome. " Beleue fermly that the hail body of Christ is in the

hail vste and also in ilk a part of the same, beleif ferraely thair is bot ane body of Christ in mony vstis, that is in syndry and mony altaris." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Fol. 147, b.

U S T E D , s. Buttermilk curd heated with sweet milk. *?. V T A S S , W T A S T , corr. of Octaves. See Sup.

Than passit was Wtast off Feuiryher, And part off Marche off rycht degestioune.

Wallace, vi. 1. M S . U T E L A U Y , W T E L A U Y , S. An outlaw.

Schir Nele Cambell, and othyr ma, That I thair namys can nocht say, As wtelauys went mony day. Barbour, ii. 498. MS.

A.S. ut-laga, id. Isl. utlaeg-r, exul, extorris. U T E R A N C E , s. 1. Extremity, in any respect, as of

exertion. With al thare force than at the vterance, Thay pingil airis vp to bend and hale.

Doug. Virgil, 134, 11. 2. Extremity, as respecting distress, or implying the idea of destruction.

Doun beting eik war the Ethrurianis, And ye also foil bodyis of Troianis, That war not put by Greikis to vterance.

V. O U T R A N C E and OUTRYING. Doug. Virgil, 331, 49.

U T G I E , U T G I E N , S. Expense ; expenditure, S. q. giv­ing out. Belg. uytgaave, id.

VTH,s. Perhaps for Uch, a coffer, or Ouch, an ornament. To UTHERLOCK, v. a. V. UDDERLOCK. *?. UTHIR, UTHER, pron. Other. *?. UTOLE. V. PENNY UTOLE. Meaning not clear. S.

UTOUTH, prep. Without. V. OUTWITH. VTTER, v. n. Vttered, pret. V. ONTER. *?. UTTERANCE,*. Extremity. *?. UTTERIT, Pink. S.P.R. i. 165. V. OUTTERIT. UTWITH, adv. Beyond. V. OUTWITH. *?. UVER, UVIR, adj. 1. Upper, in respect of situation, S.

" The part that lyis nerest to Nidisdaill is callit Nethir Galloway: The tothir part that lyis abone Cre is callit Uuir Galloway." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 6. Afterwards it is written uver.

A. Bor. uyver, upper; as, the uyver lip. O.E. ouer, id, Hardyng thus describes the conduct of the Abbess and Nuns of Coldingham, during the inroads of Hungar and Ubba, the Danish invaders.

For dread of the tyrauntes ii. ful cruel, Aud their people cursed and ful of malice, That rauished nunnes, euer where they hard tel, In her chapter, ordeined againe their enemies, Shulde not deffoule theyr clene virginitees; She cut her nose off, and her ouer lippe, To make her lothe that she might from him slipe.

Chron. Fol. 107, b. 2. Superior in power. The uver hand, the superiority, S.

V. O U E R , id.

V U L T , s. Aspect. The Erlle beheld fast till his hye curage, Forthocht sum part that be come to that place, Gretlye abaysit for the vult off his face.

Wallace, vi. 879. MS. And he ful feirs, with thrawin vult in the start Seand the scharp poyntis, reculis bakwart.

Doug. Virgil, 306, 53. Lat. vult-us, Moes.G. wlaits.

To V U N G , v. n. To move swiftly with a buzzing or humming sound, Aberd. bung, S.O.

Ye mauna think that ane sae young, W h a hirples slowly o'er a rung, Can up Parnassus glibly wing,

Like Robbie Burns. Shirrefs' Poems, p. 337.

Vang is more commonly used as a s., denoting the sound made by a-stone discharged from a sling, or any similar sound, as that of a humming-top when emitted from the string.

It has a far better claim, than many other words, to be viewed as ex sonojkta. But it may be derived from Teut. Germ, bunge, a drum, which Wachter deduces from Su.G. baeng-ia, to beat. The adv. glibly is improperly conjoined.

W. Some learned writers have viewed this letter as corres­

ponding to the lolic Digamma; and have observed, that it is frequently prefixed to words beginning with a vowel or diphthong. In this way they account for the resemblance between many Gothic and Greek terms. " Thus," says Junius, (Observ. in Willeram. p, 32,) " from atiig, lutum, is formed wast, limus;

626

from sgyox, opus,—werk; from egig, dissidium, concer-tatio, — werre, dissidium, bellum ; from meeSui, esse, fieri,—wes-en ; from nX-uv, versare, circumagere,— weil, orbiculus versatilis, a spinning wheel; from ovgtiv or uguv, cum cura custodire, — war-en, bewaren, &c. V. Somner, vo, Wase.

The learned Benzelius, Bishop of Lincoping, in his M S .

W A D W A D notes on Jun. Gloss., in like manner derives Su.G. ward-a, videre, from o'g-a«i>, id. V. Lye, Add. Jun. Etym.

The affinity in several of these words is imaginary, not to mention the whimsical idea of deriving the Gothic, or old Scythian tongue, from the Greek.

W A , W A Y , S. W o ; grief, S. wae. There I beheld Salmoneus alsua, In cruel torment sufferand mekill wa.

Doug. Virgil, 184, 51. A.S. wa, wae, Moes.G. wai, Alem. uue, Su.G. we, Dan.

me, Belg. wee, Gr. ovai, Lat. vae, C.B. gwae, id. Hence, Wayis me, i. e. wo is me.

Wayis me for King Humanitie, Ouirsett with Sensualitie In his fyrst begynning. Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 49.

Isl. voes mer, waeis, or, vaeiss se mer, Va mihi sit; Verel. Wae worth you, S. wea worth you, A. Bor. an Im­precation, wo befal you, vae tibi. V. W O R T H .

W A , W A E , adj. Sorrowful, S, wae ; comp. waer, superl. wayest. A. Bor. weak, id. See Sup.

Quhen thai within hes sene sua slayn Thair men, and chassyt hame agayn, Thai war all wa ; and in gret hy " Till armys !" hely gan thai cry.

Barbour, xv. 3. MS. And quhen Eduuard the Bruyss, the bauld, Wyst at the King had fochtyn sua, With sa fele folk, and he tharfra, Mycht na man se a waer man. Ibid. xvi. 245. M S. I coud nocht won into welth, wrech wayest, I wes so wantoun in will, my werdis ar wan.

Houlate, iii. 26. MS. " I am wae for your skaith, there is so little of it." S.

Prov., " a mock condolence ;" Kelly, pp. 211, 212. A.S. wa, moestus, afflict us.

WA', s. Wall. Back at the Wa'. V. B A C K . *?. WA, W A T , interj. Used like E. why, as introductory of an assertion. Wa, misbelief is a bad thing, &c. <?.

W A A H , s. What causes surprise and admiration. *?. To W A A L , v.a. To join two pieces of metal. V . W E L L , V. W A A T , W A U T , S. The swollen and discoloured mark on the skin, from a blow by a whip or stick. *?.

WAB, s. A web. *?. WAB-FITTIT, adj. Web-footed. «?. WABSTER, S. LA weaver. 2. A spider. *?. WA'-BAW, s. A game of hand-ball so called from the ball being made to strike a wall. *?.

W A B R A N LEAVES. Great Plantain or Waybread, an herb, S. Plantago Major, Linn. See Sup. A,S. waeg-braede, Teut. wegh-bree, plantago; herba

passim in plateis sive viis, nascens ; Kiiian. Thus its name is derived from the circumstance of its growing on the way side. Sw. waagbredblad, Linn. Fl. Suec.

W A - C A S T , s. Any thing unworthy of regard; any thing contemptible; generally used with a negative. *?.

To W A C H L E , v. n. To move backwards and forwards, S. the same with E. waggle, but in pron. more nearly resembling Teut. wagghel-en, id.

To W A C H T , v. a. To quaff. V. W A U C H T . W A C H T , S. Keep the wachtd him, or it; Keep him or it in view, do not lose sight of. <?•

W A C K , adj. Moist. *?. WACKNESS, S. Humidity. V. under W A K . *?. W A D , W E D , W E D D E , S. 1, A pledge. It is pron. wad, S. and this is the modern orthography. Wed seems the more ancient.

627

Now both her wedde lys, And play thai bi ginne ;

And sett he hath the long asise, And endred beth ther inne.

Sir Tristrem, p. 24, st. 30. In the thikkest wode thar maid thai felle defens, Agayn thair fayis so full off wiolens; Yit felle Sothron left the lyff to wed.

Wallace, iv. 633. M S . This is a singular phrase, q. left their lives in pledge,

were deprived of life. " Somethings are borrowed and lent, be giving and re-

ceaving of ane wad. And that is done some time be laying and giving in wad, cattell or moveable gudes." Reg. Mai. B. iii. c. 2, s. 1. * ° J

2. A wager. " A wad is a fool's argument," S. Prov. " spoken when,

after hot disputing, we offer to lay a wager that we are in the right;" Kelly, p. 19.

Wedde, O.E. Of Robert Courthose, son of William the Conqueror, it is said;

He wende here to Engelond vor the creyserye, And leyde Wyllam hys brother to wedde Normandye.

R. Glouc. p. 393. i. e. " He came for the purpose of engaging in the cru­

sade; and for the money, necessary for his expences, laid Normandy in pledge to his brother."

Had I ben mershall of his men, by Mary of Heauen, I durst haue layd my lyfe, and no lesse wed, He should haue be lord of the land, in length &

bredth, And also king of that kyth, his kynne for to helpe.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 14, b. Thou shalt me leave such a wedde, That I woll haue thy trouth on honde.

Gower, Conf. Am. Fol. 16, b. Su.G. wad, A.S. wed, Isl. vaed, ved, Dan. vedde, Belg.

wedde, Alem. uuetti, Germ, wette. Ihre supposes that the Su.G. term is derived from wad, cloth; because, this kind of merchandise being anciently given and received instead of money, when at any time a pledge was left, a piece of cloth was commonly used for this purpose, and hence a pledge in general would be called Wad. According to this view, the Goth, word must be more ancient than Lat. vas, vad-is, a pledge; whence vadimonium, a promise or en­gagement. It seems evident, at least, that L.B. vad-ium is from the Goth. The term, indeed, assumes a great variety of other forms in L.B., as wad-ium,guad-ia, gag-ium, &c. V. Du Cange. From A.S. wed, pignus, Junius derives the v. wed, to

marry; with some hesitation, however, whether it be not rather from C.B. gwed, a yoke. But the first is cer­tainly the most natural idea, as it was customary to espouse by means of a wad or pledge.

Hence L.B. Vadiare Mulierem, Earn sibi in sponsam pignore asserere; Du Cange, vo. Vadium, p. 1385.

D E I O - W A D . A species of pledge viewed as usurious. *?. W E D - K E E P E R , S. One who takes charge of pledges in

allusion to those games in which wads are deposited.*?. W A D D S , S. " A youthful amusement, wherein much

use is made of pledges ;" Gl. Sibb., S. See Sup. In this game, the players being equally divided, and a

certain space marked out between them, each lays down one or more wads or pledges at that extremity where the party, to which he belongs, choose their station. A boun­dary being fixed at an equal distance from the extremities, the object is to carry off the wads from the one of these to the other. The two parties, advancing to the boundary or line, seize the first opportunity of crossing it, by making

W A D W A E inroads on the territories of each other. He who crosses the line, if seized by one of the opposite party, before he has touched any of their wads, is set down beside them as a prisoner, and receives the name of a Stinker ; nor can he be released, till one of his own side can touch him, with­out being intercepted by any of the other; in which case he is free. If any one is caught in the act of carrying off a wad, it is taken from him; but he cannot be detained as a prisoner, in consequence of his having touched it. If he can cross the intermediate line with it, the pursuit is at an end. When the one party have carried off, to the extremity of their ground, all the wads of the other, the game is finished.

To W A D , W E D , v.a. 1. To pledge; to bet; to wager, S. Than Lowrie as ane lyoun lap, And sone ane flane culd fodder; He hecht to perss him at the pap, Thairon to wed ane weddir.

Chr. Kirk, st. 12. Chron. S.P. ii. 363. Wad, in Callander's edition. " Our mare has gotten a braw brown foal."

— " I'll wad my hail fee against a groat, " He's bigger than e'er our foal will be."

Minstrelsy, Border, i. 85. 2. To promise; to engage, S, as equivalent to, I'll engage for it.

But where's your nephew, Branky ? is he here ? I'll wad he's been of use, gin ane may speer.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 75. H o w was the billy pleas'd ?

Nae well, I wad, to be sae snelly us'd ? Ibid. p. 35. It occurs as a v. also in O.E. —If ye worken it in werke, I dare wed mine eares, That law shal be a labourer, and leade afelde dounge.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 19, b. A.S. wedd-ian, to be surety, spondere, promittere; Germ.

wett-en, Fenn. wed-en, to pledge. V. next word. W A D S E T , S. 1. A legal deed, by which a debtor

gives his lands, or other heritable subjects, into the hands of his creditor, that the latter may draw the rents in payment of the debt. The debtor, who grants the wadset, is called the Reverser, because he has the reversion of the property, on the payment of the debt; a forensic term, S. " Quhen ane thing immoveable, is wadsett to ane cer­

taine day, quhereof saising is given to the creditour : It is accorded betwix the debtour and the creditour, that the rents and fruts of the wad, taken vp be the creditour, in the meane time of the wadset, sail be compted and allowed in the principall summe, delivered be the creditour to the debtour." Reg. Maj. B. iii. c. 5,§ 1. V. the v. 2. Used in general to denote a pledge. *?. To W A D S E T , W E D - S E T , V. a. To alienate lands, or other

heritable property, under reversion ; a forensic term, S. See Sup. Su.G. wadsaett-a, Isl. vaedsett-ia, oppignerare, to set,

place, or lay in pledge. Su.G. saett-a itself has this signi­fication. The A.S, phrase, settan wedd, stabilire foedus, is evidently allied.

W A D S E T T E R , S. One who holds the property of another in wadset, S, " The creditor, to whom the wadset is granted, gets the

name of wadsetter, because the right of the wadset is vested in him." Erskine's Instit. B. ii. Tit. 8, § 4.

W A D - S H O O T I N G , S. Shooting at a mark for a wad, or

prize which is laid in pledge, Ang. " Christmas is held as a great festival in this neighbour­

hood. Many amuse themselves with various diversions, 628

particularly with shooting for prizes, called here wad-shooting." P. Kirkden, Forfars. Statist. Ace. ii. 509.

W A D , pret. v. Wedded. *?. W A D , s. Woad. V. W A D D . *?. WAD.fi. The name of a hero of romance. *?. W A D , v. aux. Would. *?. WA D - B E - A T , S. One who aims at something above his station, as in dress, living, &c. q. " would be at." >?.

W A D A N D , part.pr. Expl, fearful.

Bot the fell qwbile, that thai had, Sa dowtand than thare hartis made That thai war all rycht wadand To fecht in gret rowt hand to band.

Wyntown, viii. 40. 249. " Ir. uath, fear;" Gl. Perhaps there is an error here.

Rad is used in another M S . for made, 1. 2. W A D D , s. Woad, used in dyeing. See Sup.

" Of litsters burgesses quha puts their hands in the wadd." Chalmerlan Air, c. 39, § 69.

Skinner renders the term, as here used, a pledge. But the phrase denotes dyers who work with their own hands; as in the preceding section fleshers are mentioned, " quha slay mairts with thair awin hands."

Wad is here put for dye-stuffs in general, because of its being used for laying the foundation of many colours. In le wadd ; Lat.

W A ODER, fi. A wedder. *?. WADDER.fi. Weather. V. W E D D Y R . WADDIE, fi. Apparently the same as Widdie; E. withe.

A.S. wad, wood, Teut. wedde, Alem. wode, Sw. weide, Fr. guesde, guedde, Ital. g-uado, Hisp. L. B. gualda, O.E. wad.

WADDIN,part.pa. Strong; like two pieces of iron beat into one, or welded. *?.

This yungman lap upoun the land full licht, And mervellit mekle of his makdome maid. Waddin I am, quoth he, and woundir wicht, With bran as bair, and breist burly and braid.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 131. " Strong, like two pieces of iron beat into one;" Lord

Hailes. Perhaps corr. from Waldyn, q. v. W A D E R , s. The name of a bird, Aberd,

" Among the resident birds, may be reckoned,—owzel, bat, tomtit, common and green linnet, yellow-hammer, blackbird, and the wader, a bird frequenting running water." P. Birse, Aberd. Statist. Ace. ix. 108.

Supposed to be the common Water-hen; or perhaps the Water-rail.

W A D G E , s. A wedge. »?. To W A D G E , v. a. To shake in a threatening manner, to brandish, S.B,; as, he wadged his nieve in my face, he threatened to strike m e with his fist. He wadg'd a stick at me ; he brandish'd one. Su.G. waeg-a, Isl. veg-a, Belg. weeg-en, librare.

W A D Y , adj. Vain. V. VAUDIE. W A D M A A L , S. A species of woollen cloth manufac­tured and worn in Orkney and Shetl. V. VADMELL. *?.

W A E , s. Wo. V. W A . , W A E F U L , adj. 1. Woful; sorrowful, pron. waefu, S.

Gl. Shirr. Crule Murry gar't thi waefu' quine luke out, And see hir lover an' liges slayne.

Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 17. A waefu' wanderer seeks thy tower, Lord Gregory ope thy door. Burns, iv. 38.

2. Causing sorrow, S. But now the day maist waefu' came,

That day the quine did grite her fill,

WAE W A G For Huntlys gallant stalwart son Wis heidit on the heidin hill.

Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 17. W A E N E S S , fi. Sorrow ; vexation, S.

W A E S U C K S , W A E S U C K , interj. Alas ; wo is m e ! com­

mon in Clydes. Ye trust waesucks.' in works. Falls of Clyde, p. 133.

Perhaps q. A.S. wa, and Dan. Sax. -usic, usich, usig, vae nobis, wo is to us ; the pi. of wae is me. ,

W A E S O M E , adj. Woful; melancholy. 8.

W A E F L E E D , W A M F L E T , S. The water of a mill-burn, after passing the mill. Syn. Wejflin, Wefflum, q. v. *?.

W A E S E , W E E S E . W E E Z E , * . 1. A waese of strae, a bundle of straw. 2, A circular band of straw, or a stuffed roll of cloth, open in the middle, worn on the headfor the pur­pose of carrying a pail of milk, or a tub or basket, &c. 3. A bundle of sticks or brushwood, placed on the wind side of a cottage-door to ward off the blast. *?.

W A E W A G S Y E . A n exclamation, or imprecation. *?. W A F F , W A I F , W A Y F , adj. 1. Strayed, and not as yet

claimed. See Sup. " There is ane other moueable escheit, of any wayf beast,

within the territorie of any lord; the quhilk suld be cryed vpon the market dayes, or in the Kirk, or in the Sciref-dome, sundrie tymes." Quon. Attach, c. 48, § 14. In this sense waiue is used, O.E. Some serven the kyng, and his siluer tellen, In cheker and in chauncery chalenge his dettes Of wardes & warmottes, of waiues & strayues.

P. Ploughman, Pass. 1. A. ii. Fr. choses guesves, vuayves, waifs and strays, Cotgr. Isl.

•eof-a, to wander, seems the natural origin; Germ, web-en, fluctuare. 2. Solitary; used as expressive of the awkward situa­tion of one who is in a strange place where he has not a single acquaintance, S. 3. Worthless. A waff fellow, one whose conduct is immoral; or whose character is so bad, that those, who regard their own, will not associate with him, S. Hence Waff-like, one who has a very shabby or sus­picious appearance, S. 4. Low-born; ignoble. 5. Paltry; inferior ; not much to be accounted of. 6. Feeble; worn out. 8.

W A F F L E , S. 1. A vagabond, Ang. 2. A worthless person ; one addicted to idleness, and to low or immoral company. 8.

W A F F N E S S , S. Shabby appearance. 8.

To W A F F , W A I F , W A U F F , V. n. To wave; to fluctuate;

to wave to and fro. See Sup. If I for obeisance, or boist, to bondage me bynde, I war wourthy to be Hingit heigh on ane tre, That ilk creature might se To waif with the wynd. Gawan and Gol. ii. 10. Apoun the top of mount Cynthus walkis he, His waiffand haris sum tyme doing doun thryng Wvth ane soft garland of laurer sweit smellyng.

1 Doug. Virgil, 104, 53. A.S. waf-ian, Sw. weft-a, vacillare.

To W A F F , W A I F , V. a. To wave; to shake, S. dee S.

For Venus, efter the gys and maner thare, Ane actiue bow apoun hir schulder bare, As sche had bene ane wilde huntreis, With wind wafflng hir haris lowsit of trace.

Doug. Virgil, 23, 2. W A F F , W A I F , W A I F F , S. 1. A hasty motion, the act

of waving, S. 629

The grisly serpent sum tyme semyt to be About hyr hals ane lynkit golding chenye; And sum tyme of hyr courtche lap with ane waij, Become the seluage or bordour of hyr quaif.

Doug. Virgil, 218, 51. _ " The devil—caused you renew your baptism, and bap­tised you on the face, with ane waff of his hand, like a dewing, calling you Jean." Records Justiciary, Septr. 13. 1678. Arnot's Hist. Edin. p. 194. N.

2. It is used to denote a signal; as one made by the waving of a handkerchief. 3. A transient view, a passing glance. / had just a roaff o' him, S. This resembles the use of the term, A. Bor. *?ee Sup. " In the county of Carmarthen, the're is hardly any one

that dies, but some one or other sees his light or candle. There is a similar superstition among the vulgar in Nor­thumberland : They call it seeing the Waff of the person whose death it foretells. — I suspect this northern vulgar word to be a corruption of whiff, a sudden and vehement blast, which Davies thinks is derived from the Welch, ckwyth, halitus, anhelitus, flatus." Brand's Popular Anti­quities, p. 99. 4. A slight stroke from any soft body, especially in passing, S. 5. A sudden affection, producing a bodily ailment. Thus, to denote the sudden impression sometimes made on the human frame, in consequence of a temporary exposure to chill air, it is said that one has gotten a waff or waif of cauld, S. V. the v. n. See Sup. 6. Transient effluvia or odour. 7. Metaph. used to denote the contagious and fatal influence of a sinful course ; in allusion to the effect of bad air, or of a suf­focating wind. 8. A benevolent influence, as if com­municated in passing. 9. Waff is used as equivalent to Wraith. 8.

WAFFINGER, WHIFFINGER, S. A vagabond.V.WAFF.*?. To WAFFLE, v. a. To rumple. *?. WAFFLE, WAFFIL, adj. 1. Limber; pliable. 2. Feeble; senseless. " A waffil dud," a person who is without strength or activity. *?.

WAFROM.fi.Perhaps an errat.for Wisser,amaskorvisor.S. WAFT, WEFT, WOFT, S. The woof in a web, S.

" Is not this pain and joy, sweetness and sadness to be in one web, the one the weft, the other the warp ?" Rutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. 29. " The threads inserted into the warp, were called Subte-

men, the woof or weft." Adam's Roman Antiq, p. 523. " The woft was chiefly spun by old women." Statist.

Ace. (Aberdeen,) xix. 207. A.S. wefta, Su.G. waeft, id. from waefw-a, to weave,

whence also waef, a web. W A F T , s. Synonymous with Waff, sense 8. *?. W A F T , s. One who, under the appearance of friend­

ship, holds another up to ridicule. *?. W A - G A N G , W A Y G A N G , S, 1. A departure. See Sup.

"Frost and fawshood have baith a dirty waygang;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 27. 2. A disagreeable taste in the act of swallowing, or after a thing is swallowed, S.B. " It tasted sweet i' your mou, bat fan anes it was down

your wizen, it had an ugly knaggim, an' a wauch wa-gang." Journal from London, p. 3. " Waugh wa-gang, a disagreeable bye-taste;" Gl. q. the

relish any thing has in going away ; Teut. wegh-ga-en, abire, discedere; wegh-ganck, abitus. 3. The canal through which water runs in its course from a mill. The wa-gang o' the water. *?.

W A G W A I

W A - G A N G C R A P . The crop which tbe tenant has before he quits his farm. Way-gangin' crop. S.

W A G - A T - T H E - W A ' , s. 1. A clock which has no case, frequently used in the country ; thus named from the motion of the pendulum. 2. A spectre supposed to haunt the kitchen, and to take its station on the crook, wagging backwards and forwards before the death of any one in the family. <?.

W A G E , s. A pledge, a pawn. Or thay thare lawde suld lois or vassallage, Thay had for lewar lay thare life in wage.

Doug. Virgil, 135, 14. This phrase is analogous to that used by Blind Harry.

V. W E D , s. and W A I D G E .

Rudd. derives it from Fr. gage, id. But it must ulti­mately be traced to Su.G. wad, pignus.

W A G E O U R E , S. A stake, E. wager ; used by Bp. Douglas as properly signifying a prize for which different per­sons contend.

Nixt eftir quham the wageoure has ressaue, He that the lesche and Iyame in sounder draue.

Virgil, 145, 44. Fr. gageoure, sponsio. V. W A G E .

W A G E O U R , V A G E O U R E , V A G E R , S. A soldier, one who

fights for pay. And of tressour sua stuffyt is he That he may wageouris haiff plente.

Barbour, xi. 48. M S , —Acheraenides vnto name I hate, Cumyn vnto Troy with my fader of late, But ane pure vageoure clepit Adamastus M y fallowschip vnwitting foryet me here.

Doug. Virgil, 89, 12. War 1 ane Kyng, — 1 sould gar mak ane congregatioun Of all the freirs of the fonr ordouris, And mak yow vagers on the bordouris.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 234. Bellenden distinguishes wageours from legionary soldiers. " Suetonius come in Britane with twa legionis andx. M.

icagiouris of sindry nationis." Cron, Fol. 41. b. Formed immediately from wage, like soldier, Fr. soldat,

from Germ, sold, merces. Fr. gage, L.B. vad-ia, gag-ia, &c. merces; of which the common origin is Goth, wad, pignus. It deserves observation, however, that Seren. views E.

wage, conducere, (to wage soldiers,) as allied to Isl. veig, res pecuniaria, veig-ur, pretium, pretiosum quid.

W e find the phrase vageit men used as equivalent to this. V. VAGEIT.

W A G G L E , s. A bog, a marsh, S.B. also wuggle. " Depones, that he knows the place called the Waggle,

between which and the water there was a bog, or swell that beasts would have laired in. — Interrogated, If he re­members a high point of land projecting into the Allochy grain, nearly opposite to the Waggle or bog above men­tioned ?" State, Leslie of Powis, &c. 1S05. p. 74.

Allied perhaps to Teut. waggel-en, agitare, motitare; because marshy ground shakes under one's tread. It can have no affinity, surely, to Isl. vegafall, Sw. waegfall, a way destroyed by the overflowing of rivers, so as to be rendered unfit for travelling.

W A G H O R N , s. A fabulous personage, who, being a liar nineteen times greater than the devil, was crowned king of liars. Hence extravagant liars are said to be as ill as Waghorn. S.

W A G - S T R I N G , s. One who dies by means of a halter. " An euill lad is in the way to proue an olde wag-string."

Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 982. 630

W A ' - H E A D , s. The vacancy on the top of the inside of a cottage-wall, that is not beam-filled, where arti­cles not constantly in use are deposited. *?,

To W A I B L E , v. n. To move unsteadily in walking, as one who is very feeble. *?.

W A I D , s. The dye-stuff called woad. V. W A D D . *?. To WAIDE.

Armour al witles in his bed sekis he, Armour ouer al the lugeing law and he, The grete curage of irne wappinis can waide, Crewell and wylde, and al his wit invaide In wikkit wodnes battal to desire, Quharon he birnis hait in felloun ire.

Doug. Virgil, 223, 18. " Wade (through) penetrate, possess or employ (his

thoughts);" Rudd. Sibb. But this is evidently a mistake. Waide js either to render, or to become furious; from A.S. wed-an, insanire, furere. V. W E D E .

To W A I D G E , v. a. To pledge. Yit Hope and Courage hard besyde, Quha with them wont contend,

Did tak in hand us all to gyde Unto our journeys end ; Implaidging and waidging, Baith twa thair lyves for myne.

Cherrie and Slae, st. 104. Su.G. waedja, sponsionem facere ; L. B. vadiare, guag-

iare, ingag-iare, id. This points out the origin of E. engage, q. to give a wad or pledge for one. V. W A G E .

W A Y E R , fi. One who weighs ; a weigher. *?. W A Y E S T , adj. Most sorrowful or woful. V. W A , adj. To WAIF. V. WA F F , V. W A Y F F , s. A wife. MS. of Pitscottie's Cron. *?. W A Y - G A N G I N G , W A Y - G O I N G , S. Departure. *?. W A Y - G A U N , W A ' - G A U N , WAY-GOING, adj. Removing

from a farm or habitation. ,?. WAY-GANGIN' CROP. V. WA-GANG CRAP. *?.

•WAYGATE.s. Space; room.Also the tail-race ofa mill.*?. W A YGET, W A ' G A T E , S. Speed; the act of making pro­gress. He has nae wayget, he does not get forward. *?.

Ta W A I G L E , W E E G G L E , V. n. To waddle, to waggle, S. Belg. waegel-en, waggel-en, motitare; from waeg-en,

vacillare; Su.G. wackl-a, id. A.S. wicel-ian, id. titubare. The word appears in a more simple form in Moes.G. wag-ian, agitare, and Su.G. wek-a, wick-a, vacillare, which Ihre deduces from wek, mollis.

W A Y - G O E , s. Run ; course ; place where a body of water breaks out, *?.

W A I H , W A I H E , S. The watch. To convene the waih. S. To W A I K , v. a. To enfeeble, E. weaken.

Nor yit the slaw nor febil vnweildy age May waik our sprete, nor mynnis our curage.

Doug. Virgil, 299, 28. Su.G. wek-a, vacillare, from wek, mollis; wik-a, cedere.

To W A I K , v. a. To watch, S. wauk. The King, that all fortrawaillyt wes, Saw that him worthyt slep nedwayis ; Till his fostyr brodyr he sayis, " May I traist in the, me to waik, " Till Ik a litill sleping tak V—Barbour, vii. 179. MS.

A.S. wac-ian, vigilare, E. wake. W A Y K E N N I N G , * . Knowledge of one's way from aplace. To WAIL, W A L E , V. a. To veil.

Ane lenye wattry garmond did him wail, Of cullour fauch, schape like ane herapyn sail.

Velabat, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 240, b. 41.

W A Y W A I Thus mekyll said sche and tharwyth bad adew, Hir hede walit with ane haw claith or blew.

Ibid. 445, 9. W A I L , s. The gunwale of a ship.

On cais thare stude ane meikle schip that tyde, Her wail joned til ane schore rolkis syde.

Doug. Virgil, 342, 16. Probably from A.S. weal, munimentura; q. the fortifi­

cation of the side of a ship. To W A I L , v. a. To choose ; to select. V. W A L E . *?. W A I L E , W A L E , «. Vale, avail.

The Byschoprykis, that war of gretast waUe, Thai tuk in hand of thar Archbyschops haile.

V. W A L E , V. Wallace, i. 167, MS.

WAILE, s. Richt sail nocht rest me alway with his rewle ; Thoch I be quhylum bowsum as ane waile, 1 sail be cruikit quhill I mak him fule.

K. Hart, ii. 39. Perhaps a wand or rod; Su.G. wal, C.B. gwal-en, id.;

Fr. gauk, a switch, WAILYE Q U O D WAILYE. V. VAILYE. W A I L L , s. A vale, or valley.

Syn in a waill that ner was thar besid, Fast on to Tay his buschement can he draw.

Wallace, iv. 428. M S . WAI L L , s. Advantage, contr. from avail.

Than Wallace kest quhat was his grettest waill. The fleand folk, that off the feild fyrst past, In to thair king agayne releiffit fast. Fra athir sid so mony semblit thar, That Wallace wald lat folow thaim no mar.

Wallace, vi. 603. M S . Then Wallace cast what was his best availe.

Edit. 1648. This is probably'the meaning of the word as used in

Gawan and Gol. i. 17. Wynis went within the wane, maist wourthy to waill, In coupis of cleir gold, brichtest of blee.

S.P.R. iii. 76. Vaill, edit. 1508. W A Y M Y N G , W A Y M E N T , S. Lamentation, such as implies a flood of tears. See Sup.

There come a Lede of the Lawe, in londe is not to layne,

And glides to Schir Gawayne, the gates to gayne; Yauland, and yomerand, with many loude yelles; Hit yaules, hit yamers, with waymyng wete.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 7. Bare was the body, and blak to the bone, Al biclagged in clay, uncomly cladde, Hit waried hit wayment, as a woman ; But on hide, ne on huwe, no heling hit hadde.

Ibid. st. 9. i. e. It varied its mode of wailing, like a woman. Or

perhaps for the pret.; it cursed, it lamented like a woman. Waymentmg, Chaucer, id. " / wement, I make mone ;"

Palsgraue. A.S. wea-mod is rendered angry; but Somner thinks that it more properly signifies lugubris, sorrowful; adding, " W e sometimes, (with Ryder) say -wayment for hmentor." Teut. weemoedig, mournful, lacrymabundus, ad lacrymas pronus, Kilian; from wee, grief, woe, and moed, mind.

W A Y N , W A Y N E , S. Plenty; abundance. Wyld der thai slew, for othir bestis was nayn; Thir wermen tuk off venysoune gud wayn.

Wallace, viii. 947. MS. Off horss thai war purwaide in gret wayn.

Ibid. x. 707. MS. Su.G. winn-a, sufficere, is the only word I have observed,

to which this seems to have any affinity. 631

W A Y N , s. A vein. Bot blynd he was, so hapnyt throw curage, Be Ingliss men that dois ws mekill der, (In his rysyng he worthi was in wer,) Throuch hurt of waynys, and mystyrit of blud : Yeit he was wiss, and of his conseil gud.

Veines, edit. 1648. Wallace, \. 361. MS. To W A Y N D . w . w . To change; to turn aside ; to swerve.

I love you mair for that lofe ye lippen me till, Than ony lordschip or land, so me our Lorde leid ! I sail waynd for no way to wirk as ye will, At wiss, gife my werd wald, with you to the deid.

Houlate, ii. 12. MS. A.S. waend-an, mutare, vertere, versari; Su.G. waend-a,

vertere; cessare. To W A Y N D , v. n. To care, to be anxious about.

Quhar he fand ane without the othir pre*ance, Eftir to Scottis that did no mor grewance ; To cut hys throit or steik him sodanlye He wayndit nocht, fand he thaim fawely.

Wallace, i. 198. He cared not, fand he them anerly.

Edit. 1648. It is most probably the same word which Gawin Doug­

las uses, expl. by Mr. Pink. " fears." Richt as the rose upspringis fro the rute; Nor waindis nocht the levis to out schute, For schyning of the sone that deis renew.

King Hart, i. 12. A.S. wand-ian, Su.G. waand-a, Isl. vand-a, curare.

Flaestir aera swa haerdislosir, at ther vanda eigh, hwat bonden faar sitt ater eller eigh: Plerique adeo incuriosi sunt, ut parum pensi habeant, si paterfamilias suum reci-piat, necne. Literae Magni R. ap. Ihre, vo. Waanda.

W A Y N E . In wayne, in vain. His kyn mycht nocht him get for na kyn thing, Mycht thai haiff payit the ransoune of a king, The more thai bad, the mor it was in wayne.

Wallace, ii. 151. MS. W A Y N E , * . Help; relief.

No socour was that tyde. Than wist he nocht of no help, bot to de, To wenge his dede amang thaim louss yeid he.— Hys byrnyst brand to byrstyt at the last, Brak in the heltis, away the blaid it flew; He wyst na wayne, bot out his knyff can draw.

Wallace, ii. 132. M S . Perhaps from A.S. wen, spes, expectatio.

To WAYNE, v. n. Streyte on his steroppis stoutely he strikes, And waynes at Schir Wawayn als he were wode. Then his leman on lowde skirles, and skrikes, When that burly barne blenket on blode.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 16. It seems to denote the reiteration of strokes; allied per­

haps to Su.G. waan-a, to labour, winn-a, id. also to fight, pugnare, confligere. " The Bishop shall accuse the Parish; aen ther widhir then wigit wan ; and it shall accuse the per­son who begun the struggle." WestG. Leg. ap. Ihre. yo. Winna. A.S. winn-an. Theod winth ongean theod ; Nation shall fight against nation; Matt. xxiv. 7. Hence ge-winn, bellum, ge-winne, pugna. Alem. uuinn-an, pugnare.

To W A Y N E , v. a. To remove. He wayned up his viser fro his ventalle : With a knightly contenaunce he carpes him tille.

V. VENTAILL. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 6.

W A I N E , pret. v. Fought. *?• W A I N G L E , v. n. To flutter; to wave; to wag; to

dangle ; to flap. V. W I N G L E . *?.

W A I W A I WAINSCOT,* s. Oak after being cut down, or when in

a wrought state. WAINSCOT, adj. Belonging to oak. *?. To WAINSCOT, V. a. To line walls with boards of oak. *?. WAINT.s. A transient light; apassingview; a glimpse.*?. To WAINT, v. n. To become sour; applied to liquids. *?. WAINTIT, WEYNTED, part. adj. Soured. V. WINKIT. *?. To WAYNT, v. n. To be deficient; to be wanting. *?. WAY-PASSING, s. Departure. *?. To WAY-PUT, v. a. To vend; to dispose of bv sale. *?. To WAIR, v. a. To spend. V. W A R E . WAIR, «. The cover of a pillow; a pillow-slip. 8. WAIR, s. The spring. V. W A R E . *?. WAIR. Went to wair. Meaning doubtful. <?. WAIR ALMERIE. A press or cupboard for holding household articles, not for keeping meat. *?.

WAIRAWONS, interj. Welladay ! S. WAIRD, s. A sentence ; an award. V. W A R D E . *?. To WAIRD, v. a. To fasten a mortised joint by driving a pin through it. Hence, Weel-wairdit, Ill-wairdit. S.

W A I R D , W A I R D - P I N , s. The pin used for fastening a mortised joint. WAiRDER.fi. One who secures mor­tised joints in this manner. *?.

W A I R D - H O U S S , s. A prison; now called theTolbooth.S. W A I S , s. Left unexplained. 8. W A I S T Y , adj. Void ; waste.

Alhale the barnage flokkis furth attanis, Left vode the toun, and strenth wyth waisty wanis.

Doug. Virgil, 425, 45. W A I S T L E S S , adj.

Full mony a waistless wally-drag, With waimis unweildable, did furth wag, In creische that did incress.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 30. St. 9. " Spendthrift;" Lord Hailes, But the adj. for this in

S. is waisterfow. Perhaps the meaning is, that in conse­quence of gluttony, their bellies were so much swelled, that they seemed to have no waists.

To WAIT, VAIT, W A T E , W A T , V. n. To know, E. wot. See Sup.

" Lordys," he said, " ye wait quhat is ado: Off thar cummyng my selff has na plesance; Herfor mon we wyrk with ordinance."

Wallace, viii. 1245. MS. Sic thingis not attentik ar, wate we.

Doug. Virgil, 6, 23. He vanyst for away, I wot neuir quhare.

Ibid. 109,20. " Thou vait, kyng Anthiocus, that this sex and thretty

yeiris I hef beene excersit in the veyris, baytht in Ytalie and in Spangye." Compl. S. p. 23. " It is blinde also, in respect they waite not whom fra it

commetb." Bruce's Eleven Serm. Z. 2. a. Wat is commonly used, S. wait, S.A., as an act. v. " To wait a person, signifies, in popular language, to

know from experience." Gl. Compl. p. 379. I question much, however, if the ingenious editor be

right in adding, that "it is also used by Minot," in the following passage.

Thare was thaire baner born all doune, To mak slike boste thai war to blame;

Bot nevertheles ay er thai boune To wait Ingland with sorow and schame.

Poems, p. 4. It seems rather to signify pursue. V. next word. Su.G. wet-a, A.S. Moes.G. wit-an; Ihre. Ulphilas uses

the phrase, Ni wait; I know not, S. I watna. A.S. ic wat, scio, S. Iwat.

632

To W A Y T , W A T E , V. a. To hunt; to pursue ; to per­secute.

Thare wywys wald thai oft forly And thare dowchtrys dyspytwsly ; And gyve ony thare-at war wrath, Wayt hym weile wyth a gret skath.

Wyntown, viii. 18, 38. A.S. waeth-an, Su.G. wed-a, Isl. veid-a, Germ, weid-en,

venari. Ihre derives this Goth, term from wed, a wood, as being the place for hunting. It may perhaps be allied to Moes.G. wethi, a flock. Su.G. wedehund, a dog used in the chase. A.S. waethan mid hundum, to hunt with do<*s. It may be observed, by the way, that our modern term hunt, although immediately from A.S. hunt-ian, id. must be traced to hund, a dog. V. W A I T , S. 3.

W A Y T A K I N G , s. Removing or carrying off. *?. To W A I T E , v. a. To blame. Syn. Wite, q. v. *?. W A I T E R , s. A token; a sign, Border. V. W I T T E R . W A I T E R , s. The name formerly given to the persons

who kept the gates of Edinburgh. S. WAITER, WAETER, WETER, S. Water. 8, W A I T H , s. I. Perhaps, cloth made into garments. *?ee*?.

Philotus is the man, Ane ground-riche man, and full of graith ; He wantis na jewels, claith, nor waith, Bot is baith big and beine.—Philotus, S.P.R. iii. 8.

Claith nor waith seems to have been a Prov. expression; perhaps q. "neither cloth in the piece, nor cloth made into garments." Su.G. wad, A.S, waede, Alem. uuad, indu­mentum ; Franc, uuat, whence uuath-us, vestiarium, uuatt-en, vestire, Willeram. 2. A plaid ; such as is worn by women, S.B.

Bannocks and kebbocks, knit up in a claith, She had wiled by, and row'd up in her waith.

Ross's Helenore, p. 53. W A I T H , s. Danger.

Him thocht weill, Giff he had haldyn the castell, It had bene assegyt raith ; And that him thocht to mekill waith. For he ne had hop off reskewyng.

Barbour, v. 418. MS. Quharfor, quha knew thair herbery, And wald cum on thaim sodanly,— With few mengye men mycht thaim scaith, And eschaip for owtyn waith. Ibid. vii. 305. M S . The chyftane said, sen thair King had befor Fra Wallace fled, the causs was the mor. Fast south thai went, to byd it was great waith. Douglace as than was quyt off thair scaith.

Wallace, ix. 1734. MS. In edit. 1648, absurdly rendered wrath. This word has no connexion with waith, as signifying

the chase, or wandering. I can see no reason why Mr. Pink, should say, (Gloss. Maitl. P.) that waith in Henry's Wallace seems to mean accoutrements. It is evidently allied to Su.G. waada, danger ; discrimen, periculum, ane. wade; Isl. vode. Jak skilde mik gaerna aff thenna wade; Lubenter hanc aerumnam vitarem ; Hist. Alexand. M. ap. Ihre. It also denotes any accidental loss or misfortune, Su.G. vaadabot, a fine for accidental homicide; vaadeld, accidental fire. Dan. vaade, danger; vaadedrab, accidental homicide.

W A I T H , W A I T H E , WAiTHiNG.fi. 1. The act of hunting. W e ar in the wode went, to walke on oure waith, To hunt at the hertes, with honde, and with home; W e ar in our gamen, we have no gome-graithe.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 8* " Wandering," Gl, Pink.

W A I W A K Your deir may walk quhairever thai will: I wyn my meit with na sic waithe. I do bot litil wrang, Bot gif I flouris fang.

Murning Maidin, Maitland Poems, p. 208. 2. The game taken in hunting, or the sport in fishing.

Wallace meklye agayne ansuer him gawe. " It war resone, me think, yhe suld naif part. " Waith suld be delt, in all place, with fre hart." He bad his child gyff thaim of our waithyng. The Sothroun said, " As now of thi delyng " W e will nocht tak; thou wald giff ws our small." He lychtyt doun, and fra the child tuk all.

Wallace, i. 385. 386. MS. This respects fishing. But it would appear unquestion­

able, that the term, as anciently used in S., like Isl. veid-a, was applied to both fishing and hunting. Isl. veid-a, ve-nari; piscari; veidi, venatio, vel praeda venatione capta; veidifaung, veidiskap-ur, id. allskonar veidifaung, Res omnes quae venatu, aucupio, piscatu, acquiruntur, ferae, pisces, aves, ova; Verel. Veide, venatio; G. Andr. Fara a vei-dar met hundum; To go a hunting with dogs; Specul, Regal, p. 619. V. W A Y T , V.

W A I T H , W A Y T H , adj. 1. Wandering; roaming. See 8.

" Scot, they say, a waith horse, i. e. a horse that wanders in pursuit of mares," Rudd, 2. Impertinent,

Thocht Crist grund oure faith, Virgillis sawis ar worth to put in store : Thay aucht not to be hald vacabound nor waith, Full riche tressoure they bene & pretius graithe.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 159, 27. Rudd. is mistaken, in supposing this to be " the same

originally with the E. waif, i. e. a thing that is found and claimed by nobody." The same idea is thrown out by Ritson, Robin Hood, Notes, LXXV. Lye, (Addit. to Ju­nius) derives it from A.S. waeth-an, venari. It may have been used to denote wandering in general, as originally applied to wandering in pursuit of game. Wathe, " vaga-tio; a straying, a wandering;" Somner. Wide wathe; lata vagatio; Caed. 89. 4. Hence wathema, vagabundus. Whether Su.G. wad-a, ire, ambulare, is allied, seems doubtful. 3. Wandering; roving.

He buskyt hym thare-eft belyve, And to the se has tane his way, Quhare that he trawalyde mony day In wayth and were and in bargane Quhyll that he werounyd haly Spayne.

Wyntown, iii. 3. 51. The term may, however, be understood as signifying

danger. V. W A I T H , id.

WAITHMAN, W A Y T H M A N , S. A hunter. Lytil Jhon and Robyne Hude Wayth-men ware commendyd gud: In Yngil-wode and Barnysdale Thai oysyd all this tyme thare trawale.

Wyntown, vii. 10. 432. " About this tyme was the waithman Robert Hode with

his fallow litil Johne, of quhome ar mony fabillis & mery sportis soung amang the vulgar pepyll." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 19.

In waithman weid sen I yow find In this wod walkand your alone, Your mylk-quhyte handis we sail bind Quhill that the blude birst fra the bone.

Murning Maiden, Maitland Poems, p. 207. i.e. In the dress of a hunter. Teut weyd-man, venator, auceps; Kilian.

W A I T H , W A Y T H , S. What is strayed or unclaimed. 8. V O L . II. 633 *

W A I T S , s.pl. Minstrels who go through a burgh, play­ing under night, especially towards the N e w Year. *?.

W A K , adj. 1. Moist; watery, S.; weahy, A. Bor. See S.

The second day be thys sprang fra the est, Quhen Aurora the wak nycht did arrest, And chays fra heuin with hir dym skyies donk.

Doug. Virgil, 88, 18. Humentemque umbram, Virg. —Als swift as dalphyne fysche, swymmand away In the wak sey of Egip or Lyby.

Doug. Virgil, 147, 30. Delphinum similes, qui per maria kumida nando. Virg. First to the Mone, and veseit all hir spheir, Quene of the sey, and bewty of the nicht, -Of nature wak and cauld, and nathing cleir; For of hirself scho hes none vther licht, Bot the reflex of Phebus bemis bricht.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 236. 2. Rainy ; A wak day, a rainy day, S.

" The heruist was sa wak in the yeir afore, that the cornis for the maist part war corruppit, and maid ane mi-serabill derth throw all boundis of Albion." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 17. Ex pluvioso autumno ; Boeth.

3. Damp, S. " Quhen they [wobsters] take in claith with wechtes,

and gives out againe the samine be wecht; they make the claith wak and donke, casting vpon it washe, vrine, and other thinges to cause it weigh, and thereby balding a great quantitie of it out to themselues." Chalrn. Air, c. 25. § 2.

Teut. wack, id. wack weder, aer humid us, a wak day, S.B. Isl. vaukve, voekve, moisture, vokvar, moist, vok-va, to be moistened; thad voknar, it grows moist: Belg. vocht, moisture, vochtig, moist, Germ, weich-en, ein-weich-en, to soak; A.S. weaht, irriguus, waetrum weaht, aquis humec-tatus, Caed. 42. 19. Su.G. waeck-a, humorem elicere. This Ihre derives from wak, apertura.

W A K , S. The moistness and density of the atmosphere. For nowthir lycht of planetis mycht we knaw, Nor the bricht pole, nor in the are ane sterne. Bot in dirk clouddis the heuyunys warpit derne; The mone was vnder wak and gaif na licht, . Haldin full dim throw myrknes of the nycht.

Doug. Virgil, 88, 11. This corresponds to —Obscuro sed nubila coelo. Virg. 2En. iii. 586.

V. the adj. W A K N E S , W A C K N E S , S. Humidity, S.B. *?ee Sup.

Than past we vp quhair Juppiter the king Sat in his spheir richt amabill and sweit, Complexionat with waknes and with heit.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 239. W A K A N D , s. Awakening; q. waking. S. To W A K E , v. n. To be unoccupied.

Willame of Carrothyris ras Wyth hys brethir, that war manly, And gat til hym a cumpany, That as schawaldowris war wakand In-till the Vale of Annand.— Wyntown, viii. 29. 217.

Apparently equivalent to E. vacant, disengaged; Lat. vac-are.

WAKING, part. adj. Waste ; unoccupied. S. To W A K E , v. n. To wander. *?. To WAKEN,* v. a. To revive an action at law which has for some time been dormant. *?.

WAKENING, *. A legal form in renewing a process. *?. WAKERIFE, adj. Watchful. V. WALKRIFE.

4L

W A L W A L

WAUKRIFE, WAKRIFE. V. WALKRIFE. - *?•

WALKRIFELIE, WAUKRIFELIE, adv. Wakefully. _ *?. WALKRIFENESS, WAUKRIFENESS, S. The state of being wakeful. &•

WAKE-ROBIN,* s. The Arum maculatum; in Teviot-dale used as a charm against witchcraft. *?.

W AL OF IRNE. A lever of iron, or something of thekind. WALA, WALE, S. Vale.

Bot quhen thai saw thair trauaill was in wayne, And he was past, full mekill mayne thai maid To rype the wood, bath wala, slonk and slaid, For Butleris gold Wallace tuk off befor.

Wallace, iv. 684. M S. The King towart the wod is gane, Wery for swayt, and will off wane. In till the wod sone entryt he; And held doun towart a wale, Quhar, throw the woid, a wattir ran.

Fr. valee. Barbour, vii. 4. M S . WALAGEOUSS, WALEGEOUSS, adj. Wanton; leche­rous.

He wes baith yong, stout and felloun, Joly alsua, and walageouss ; And for that he was amorouss, He wald ische for the blythlier.

Barbour, viii. 455. M S . M y fadyr wes kepar off yone houss, And I wes sum deill walegeouss, And lovyt a wench her in the toun. And for I, bot suspicioun, Mycht repayr till hyr priuely, Off rapys a leddre to me mad I: And thar with our the wall slaid I.

HM. x. 553. MS. A.S. gal, libidinosus, Belg. geylachtig, id. geyl, lascivia;

Su.G. gaelska, morum protervia. Or shall we suppose that the term merely signifies,

giddy, inconsiderate; corr. from Fr. volage, id.? L.B. volagius is used in the sense of light; levis, D u Cange.

W A L D , s. The plain ; the ground. Scharp and awfull incressis the bargane, Als violent as euer the yett doun rane Furth of the west dois smyte apoun the wald.

Doug. Virgil, 301, 55. A.S. wold, planities. This seems originally the same

with faeld,Jeld, Alem. ueld, Belg. veld, Su.G. felt, id. W A L D , v. aux. 1. Would.

For some wald schout out of thair rout, And off thaim that assaylyt about, Stekyt stedys, and bar doun men.

Barbour, xi. 596. MS. 2. Should, or ought to be; implying the idea of necessity.

A.S. wold, vellem, from will-an, velle. Hickes views wald as a Dan. corruption of wolde. Gram. A.S. p. 94. Gl. Wynt. V. following v., sense 3,

To W A L D , W A L D E , v.a. 1. To wield ; to manage. Kyng of Scotland crownyd wes he : A chyld than bot twelf yhere awld, That wapnys mycht nowcht wychtly wald.

Wyntown, vii. 7, 118, Thai walit out werryouris with wapinnis to wald.

Gawan and Gol. i. 1. 2. To govern.

Moes.G. Alem. wald-an, A.S. weald-an, Su.G. wald-a, Isl. vald-a, dirigere, dominari.

3. To possess. And quhilk of thame wald wyth hym ga, He suld in all thame sykkyre ma,

634

As thai wald thame redy mak For thare fadyre dede to take Revengeans, or wald thare herytage, That to thame felle be rycht lynage.

Wyntown, vi. 18.255. Mr. Macpherson renders this would, supposing that the

principal verb is wanting, as recover, reclaim, or the like. But wald seems itself to be the proper verb, as signifying to possess, enjoy, or obtain ; from A.S. weald-an. Thus, weold rices, potitus est imperio ; Lye.

4. To Wald and Ward. Perhaps, to have the manage­ment of public concerns, with others who pay taxes. *?,

W A L D Y N , adj. Able ; powerful. " Thair hois war maid of smal lynt or wol, and yeid

neuir abone thair kne, to make thaym the mair waldyn and sowpyll." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 16. V. W A L D , V. 2.

W A L D I N G , S. Government; regularity of management. Almaist m y eis grew blind,

To se thair prettie spirtlet wing, So felterd with the wind :

Dispairit I stairit Vp to the element, Behalding thair walding, H o w thay in ordour went.

Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 27. To W A L D , v. a. To incorporate two masses of metal into one ; to weld. V. W E L L , W A L L . S.

W A L D I N - H E A T , S. 1. Such heat as is necessary for welding iron. 2. Metaph. fitness for any particular object or design. s.

W A L D , s. Yellow weed ; dyer's weed, S. W A L D E R W O L L . Apparently, wedder wool. *?. To W A L E , v. a. To choose; to select, S. Weal, Wyk, A. Bor.; wyle is also used, S.

Tharewith Anchises son the wyse Enee Perordoure chosin of every degre Ane hundreth gay Ambassiatouris did wak, To pass vnto the Kingis stede riale.

Doug. Virgil, 210, 21. The prep, out is often added, sometimes by. Thai walit out werryouris, with wapinnis to wald.

Gawan and Gol. i. 1. Bannocks and kebbocks knit up in a claith, She had wiled by.— Ross's Helentre, p. 53.

It sometimes denotes the act of singling out persons or things for rejection, as unfit for any particular work or purpose.

Wale out al thaym bene waik and vnweildy, Or yit efferit bene in ilk effray; Sic cummerit wichtis suffir, I the say, To haif ane hald, and duell here in this land.

Doug. Virgil, 151, 45. Hence S. Outwaile, refuse, what is rejected, q. v. Moes.G. wal-jan, Su.G. wael-ia, Alem. uuel-en, Germ.

wel-en, Isl. -vel-ia, eligere. Ihre mentions Sclav, waliti, Lapi. walied, id. Su.G. wal, O.Belg. waele, electio.

W A L E , W A I L , S. 1. The act of choosing ; the choice. He gaif me the wale; He allowed me to choose, S. most

commonly pron. wile. Hence the phrase, will andwik, . free choice.

" Your Lord hath the wail and choice of ten thousand other crosses, beside this, to exercise you withal." Ru­therford's Lett. P. ii. ep. 32.

Let him now then take will an' wile, W h a nane at first wou'd wear ;

An' I get baith the skaith an' scorn, Twinn'd o' my brither's gear I

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 5. 2. That which is chosen in preference to others.

W A L W A L This beand said, the king Latyne, but fale Gart cheis of all his stedis furth the wale.

V. the v. Doug. Virgil, 215, 19. 3, A person or thing that is excellent; the best, like choice, E.

Auld Rob Morris that wins in yon glen, He's the king of good fellows, and wale of auld men.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 176. W E I L L - W A I L ' D , adj. Well-chosen ; cautiously selected; often applied to language that is persuasive. S.

W A L E , s. A well; a fountain ; S. wall. " Pilgremage to chappels, wales, croces, observation of

festual daies of saints,—is discharged, and punished." Skene's Crimes, Pecun. Tit. 3. c. 47.

7 b " W A L E , v. n. To avail. The hate fyre consumes fast the how, Ouer al the schip discendis the perrellus low : Thare was na strenth of vailyeant men to wede, Nor large fludis on yet that mycht auale.

Doug. Virgil, 150, 43. To WALE, v. a. To veil. V. W A I L .

W A L E , fi. A veil. Hyr systyr than Dame Crystyane Of relygyowne the wale had tane.

Wyntown, vii. 3. 20. W A L G A N , s. A wallet; a pouch. Syn. Walgie, q. v. *?, W A L G I E , s. A wool-sack made of leather; a bag made ofa calf's skin, S.B., synon. Tulchan. This seems allied, by the interchange of letters of the

same organs, to Su.G., baelg. a skin ; Isl. belg-ur, which denotes any thing made of a skin ; ex pelle, pelliceus; G. Andr. C.B. bwlgan, also denotes a leathern bag.

W A L Y C O A T , 5. A n under-petticoat. Syn. Wylecot.S. W A L I E , W A L Y , W A L L Y , adj. 1. Beautiful; excellent.

I think them a' sae braw and walie, And in sic order.

I wad nae care to be thy vallie, Or thy recorder.

Hamilton, Ramsay's Poems, ii. 334. 2. Large ; ample, S.; A waly bairn, a fine thriving child; synon. stately. See Sup.

She bad me kiss him, be content Then wish'd me joy ;

And told it was what luck had sent, ' A waly boy.

Forbes's Dominie Depos'd, p. 37. But mark the rustic, haggis-fed,— Clap in his walie nieve a blade,

He'll mak it whistle. Burns, iii, 220. M y tender girdil, m y waly gbwdy. Evergreen, ii, 20.

" Great jewel," Gl. Ramsay. Waly wacht, Burns; a large draught. Well, I have made a waly round, To seek what is not to be found.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 490. Sibb. renders it also chosen, as if derived from the v.

Wak. But it may be allied to A.S. walg, wallig, whole, entire, Waelig, however, signifies rich; Alem, weoleg, id. welig-an, to enrich. Alem. walon, bona, otwalon, divitiae. These terms Schilter derives from wal, wela, bene; ap­parently, as we say, Goods, from the correspondent adj. But it may be proper to observe, that Germ, wal-en signi­fies, to grow luxuriantly. Belg. weelig, luxuriose cres-cens, weelig gewas, herba luxurians. Wachter, vo. Wels, derives A.S. welig, opimus, from the Germ. v.

W A L Y , W A W L I E , S. A toy ; a gewgaw, S. See Sup.

Baith lads and lasses busked brawly, To glowr at ilka bonny waly.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 533. 635

Here chapmen billies tak their stand, An' shaw their bonny wallies.

V. LANGRIN. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 27.

Wallies might thus originally be, q. wealth, riches. W A L Y - S T A N E , S. A nodule of quartz as a plaything. *?. W A L Y , interj. Expressive of lamentation.

O waly, waly up the bank, And waly, waly, down the brae;

And waly, waly on yon burnside, Where I and my love wont to gae.

Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscell. p. 170. It seems in one place as if forming a superlative : But

perhaps it is merely the interj. He puts his hand on's ladie's side,

And waly sair was she murnin'. Jamieson's Popular Ball. ii. 271.

A.S. wal-a, eheu, utinam, O si, ah. Lat. vah, from wa, woe, and la, O, Oh ! a particle expressive of invocation. Wa is merely repeated in A.S wa la wa, E. wellaway; although . Junius seems inclined to view it as comp. of wele, felicitas, and away, abest, as if the A.S. were dedu­ced from the E. Wa la ! se towyrpth that tempel; Ah ! thou that destroyest the temple; Mark, xv. 29.

W A L Y , s. Prosperity ; good fortune. Waly fa, or faw. may good fortune befall, or betide. Waly fa me, is a phrase not yet entirely obsolete, S.B. See Sup.

N o w waly faw that weill-fard m o w ! Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 86.

Gud day ! gud day I God saif baith your Gracis! Waly, Waly, fa tha twa weill fard facis! Ibid. p. 159.

Waly fa is also used in an opposite sense, HI betide. S. A.S. waela, wela, felicitas, beatitudo, prosperitas ; from

wel, bene. W A L Y , s. A small flower. *?. WALY-SPRIG, S. The same with Waly, a flower. *?. WALISE, s. Saddlebags. V. W A L L E E S . *?.

WALIT, pret. v. Ane legioun of thir lustie ladies schene Folowit this Quene, (trewlie this is no nay;) Hard by this castell of this King so kene This wourthy folk hes walit thame away,

K. Hart, i. 18. Mr. Pink, gives this as not understood. The obvious

sense is, " moved forward;" Su.G. wall-a, to make a jour­ney, to stroll, to roam abroad; Alem. uuall-en, Fenn. wall-en, id. A.S. weal-ian, to travel as an exile. Teut. wal-en, wael-en, wall-en, id. To this source Ihre traces Fr. all-er, which, he thinks, was originally written gall-er.

To W A L K , v. a. To watch. Than till a kyrk he gert him be Broucht, and walkyt all that, nycht.

Barbour, xiii. 513. M S . That nycht thai maid thaim mery cher; For rycht all at thair eyss thai wer: Thai war ay walkyt sekyrly. Ibid. xiv. 455. M S .

" Obey thame that hais the reule ouir you,—for thai walk for your saulis, euin as thai that mone gif a compt thairfor." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 46, a. L, without any good reason, is inserted here, as in

many other ancient S. words. It occurs in O.E. in its simple form. " Se ye wake ye, and preye ye, for ye witen not whanne

the tyme is." Wiclif, Mark xiii. "—Abide ye here and wake ye with me—Myghtist thou

not wake with me oon our ? Wake ye and preie ye that ye entre not into temptaciouu." Ibid. Mark xiv.

Moes.G. wah-an, A.S. wac-ian. Su.G. Isl. wak-a, Alem. wuach-en, Germ, wach-en, vigilare.—Hence Lyk-waik, q. v.

WALKRIFE, WAKRIFE, adj. L Watchful, S. wakrife.

W A L W A L

H o w mony fedderis bene on hir body fynd, Als mon[y] walkrife ene lurkis thare under.

Doug. Virgil, 106, 15. " The sentence pronounced by the Synod of Fife against

the rest was approven and ratified by the whole Assembly, acknowledging therein the speciall benefit of God's provi­dence in stirring up the spirits of his servants to be wake-rife, carefoll, & courageous." Mr. Ja, Melvill's MS. Mem. p. 227. 2. Metaph.; kept still alive.

Ane hundreth tempillis to Jupiter he maid, Ane hundreth altaris, quhareon the walkrife fyre He dedicate, all times birnand schire.

Doug. Virgil, 106,49. From A.S. waecce, Germ, wache, watchfulness, (in like-

walk, lyk-waik) and rife, abundant. WALKRYF E N E S S E , S. Watchfulness. *?.

To W A L K , v.a. To full cloth WALKE R , * . Afuller.*?. To W A L K , v. a. To awake ; used to denote the renewal

of a prosecution which has been dormant. *?. To W A L K I N , W A L K E N , V. a. 1. To awake; to waken, E.

2.To raise alegal prosecution anew; a forensic term. *?. To W A L K I N , v. n. To walk. V. SEYNE, to see. S.

To W A L L up, v, n. To boil up, S. See Sup. Su.G. waell-a, A.S. weallran, Alem.uall-an,Belg, Germ.

well-en, Isl. vell-a, aestuare, fervere. WALL, s. A wave.

From Jupiter the wylde fyre down sche flang Furth of the cloudis. distrois thare schyppis all, Ouerquhelmit the sey with mony wyndy wall.

Doug. Virgil, 14, 27. The huge wallis weltres apon hie. B>id. 15, 39.

Germ. Sax. Sicamb. walk, unda, fluctus; O. Teut. id., abyssus, profundum; ebullitio. Alem. uual, uuala, abyssus. The root is undoubtedly Teut. wall-en, ebullire, to boil up. Various terms, indeed, which signify a wave, are evidently formed from verbs expressive of instability or agitation. Thus, Su.G. waag, unda, is from Moes.G. wag-jan agitare ; boel-ia and E. billow, from bulg-ia, to swell, Gr. oili-ftx, from atl-ia, id. Lat. fluctus, from f/u-ere, to flow; and wave itself from Isl. vef-ia, to fluctuate. Wall is from the same root with Wek, well-eye, q. v. and E. well, a fountain ; all as conveying the idea of ebullition.

This term exhibits the origin of the name given to the whale in the Goth, dialects. Alem. uuala, uuel, Belg. Germ, wal, also walfisk, Flandr. walviseh, q. the fish of the abyss, whose enormous size requires a great depth of water.

W A L L Y , adj. Billowy ; full of waves. Quhaim baith yfere, as said before haue we, Saland from Troy throw out the wally see, The dedly storme ouerquhelmit with ane quhiddir.

Doug. Virgil, 175, 8. 7b W A L L , v. a. To beat two masses into one. V . W E L L . To W A L L A C H (gutt), v. n. 1. To use many circum­locutions, Ang. 2. To cry as a child out of humour; to wail, Ang.

The first sense might seem allied to Su.G. wall-a, to roam; the second has evidently an affinity to Ir. walligh-im, to howl.

W A L L A C H I E - W E I T , fi. The lapwing; from Walloch, to wail, and Weit, the sound made by this bird. *?.

To W A L L A N , v. n. To wither; to fade. Syn. Wallow.S. W A L L A W A Y , interj. Alas ; E. welaway.

Now nouthir gretest Juno, wallaway ! Nor Saturnus son hie Jupiter with just ene Has our quarell consideril, na ouer sene.

Doug. Virqil, 112.44. 636

Weil away, Ibid. 48,6. S. walawa. A.S. wela wa, Su.G. waleva, proh dolor. V. W A L Y ,

interj. W A L L A W A L L A , interj. Hush! silence! E. *?. W A L L E E , s. The same as Well-ey; that part ofa quagmire in which there is a spring. *?.

W A L L E R , s. A confused crowd in a state of quick motion ; as, a toaller of birds, a waller of bairns. S.

To W ALLER,v.n. To toss about as afish on dryland.*?. W A L L E E S , s. Saddlebags, S.

Belg. valleys, Fr. valise, a portmanteau. Ihre derives the Fr. term from wad, cloth, and laes-a, to include, or lock up, vo. Wad, indumentum. The Su.G. synon. term is waetsaeck, watsaeck, q. a sack for carrying clothes.

WALLET, s. A valet. 8. WALLY, adj. Beautiful; large. V. WALY. WALLY-DYE, S. A toy; a gew-gaw. V. W A L Y , *?. WALLY-DYE, interj. Welladay! welaway! alas ! *?. WALLIDRAG, WALLY-DRAGGLE, S. 1. A feeble ill-

grown person ; S. wallidraggle, S. B. wary-draggel; synon. wrig and werdie.

I have ane wallidrag, ane worm, ane auld wobat carle, A waistit wolroun, na worthe bot wourdis to clatter,

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 48. 2. A drone; an inactive person.

Full mony a waistless wally-drag With waimis unweildable did furth wag.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 30. 3. A slovenly female, who, from feebleness or from want of exertion, cannot keep herself out of the mire, or in a cleanly state. *?. According to Lord Hailes, it seems " corrupted from

wallowit dreg, a withered outcast, and thence by an easy metonymy signifies any thing useless or unprofitable ;" Note, Bann. P. But this is by no means satisfactory. It appears prim­

arily to signify the youngest of a family, who is often the feeblest. It is sometimes used to denote the youngest bird in a nest; which in Teut. receives the dirty and con­temptuous designation, kack-in-nest; postremo eXclusus, postremus in nido ; Kilian. Drag or draggle may perhaps mean, the dregs. Teut. dragt, however, signifies birth, offspring, from drag-en, kindt dragen, to be pregnant. The first part of the word may have been formed from a term used among the vulgar, synon. with Su.G. gaell, testiculus; resembling the formation of its synon. Pockshakings, q. v., although with still less claim to delicacy. It is probable, in wary-draggel, the pronunciation of S,B.,

is the proper one. In this case it seems to be merely the Goth, phrase, used in the old laws of Iceland, warg draege, the son of an exiled person ; filius ab exule genitus; G. Andr. p. 248, Germ, warg and wrag in like manner, denote an exile; also, an infamous person. V. W A R Y -DRAGGEL.

W A L L Y - D R A G G L E , S. Three sheaves of grain set up together, without the hood-sheaf, to be more speedily dried. *?.

WALLIES, fi. pi. 1. The intestines. 2. Also expl. pockets to an under-waistcoat. *?.

WALLIES, s.pl. Finery. Syn. Braws. 8. W A L L I F O U FA'. V. under W A L Y , prosperity, &c. *?. To W A L L I P E N D , v. a. To undervalue. *?. W A L L Y - W A E , *. Lamentation. *?. W A L L Y - W A L L Y I N G , s. The same as Wally-wae. 8. W A L L O C H , s. A dance familiar to the Highlands. *?. W A L L O C H - G O U L , s, 1. A noisy blustering fellow.

2. A female of a slovenly appearance. *?.

W A L W A M WALLOCK, s. The lapwing. V. WALLOCH. *?. To WALLOP, WALOP, V. n. 1. " To move quickly, with much agitation of the body or clothes," Rudd. S.B. 2. To gallop. See Sup.

He sprentis furth, and full proude wdloppis he, Hie strekand vp his hede with mony ane ne.

Doug. Virgil, 381, 20. And sum, to schaw thair courtlie corsis, Wald ryd to Leith, and ryn thair horsis; And wichtlie wallop ouer the sandis : Ye nouther spairit spurris nor wandis.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 265. Rudd. views this as from the same origin with Fr.

gattop-er, E. gallop; observing that G is frequently changed into W. But whence gallop itself? Seren. derives wallop from A.S. weal-an, Su.G. waell-a, to boil; and gallop, from Su.G. loep-a, to run, Moes.G. ga being prefixed. They seem, however, radically the same : and we find Teut. wal-oppe, Fland. vliegh-walop, rendered, cursus gradarius, i. e. a gallop. This, I suspect, has originally been an inversion of Teut. op-wall-en, op-well-en, scaturire, ebullire, from wall-en, to boil, and op, oppe, up.

WALLOP, S. 1. Quick motion, with agitation of the clothes, especially when in a ragged state. 2. The noise caused by this motion. 3. A sudden and severe blow. *?.

To W A L L O W , W A L O W , V. n. 1. To wither; to fade. Cumb. dwallow, id.

So brynt the feildis, al was birnand maid, Herbis wox dry, wallowing and gan to faid.

Doug. Virgil, 72, 16. Laggerit leyis wallowit fernis schew. Ibid. 201, 5.

2. Metaph. applied to the face. In thrauis of dethe, wi' wallow'd cheik, All panting on the plain,

The bleiding corps of warriors lay, Neir to arise again.

Hardyknute, Pinkerton's Sel. Ball. i. 13. 3. Transferred to the mind.

To this m y wyt is walowide dry But floure or froyte.— Wyntown, i. Prol. 123.

It occurs in O. E. There beth roses of red blee, And lily, likeful for to se : They walloweth neither day nor night.

Land of Cokaigne, Ellis's Spec. E. P. i. 87. " And whanne the sunne roos vp it welewide for hete,

and it driede vp, for it hadde no roote." Wiclif, Mark iv. A.S. wealow-ian, wealuw-an, wealw-ian, exarescere,

marcescere; Alem. uualu-en, Germ, welw-en, id. This Goldastns derives from ual, flavus, because fading herbs assume a yellow colour. Val color cineritius ; Schilter. Wachter in like manner derives Germ, welw-en from falb, A.S. fealw, yellow, which is evidently allied to Lat.flav-us.

WALLOWAE, s. The devil. *?. WA-LOOK, s. The suspicious downcast look of those who look away from the person to whom they address themselves. 8.

WALROUN, s. V. WOLROUN. WALSH, WELSCHE, adj. Insipid, S. walsh, A. Bor. " insipid, fresh, waterish." Ray. Lincolns. id.

From thy coistis depart I was constrenyt Be the commandmentis of the goddis vnfenyt,— To pas throw out the dirk schaddois beliue By gousty placis welsche sauorit, moist, and hare, Quhare profound nycht perpetualie doith repare.

Doug. Virgil, 180, 4. E. wallowish, id. Skinner derives it from Teut. walghe,

nausea. Rudd. and Sibb. view S. warsh, id. as radically the same. But although walsh, and warsh, are synon., the

637

first must be traced to Teut. gaelsck, ingratus, insuavis sapore aut odore; the second, to versch, (versse, R. Glouc. p. 216.) fresh, q. tasteless. Thus, we say that any kind of food is warsh, when it wants salt. Teut. walghe, men­tioned above, gives origin to another term, nearly allied in sense. V. W A U G H .

W A L S H N E S S , S. Insipidity of taste, S. Gl. Sibb. To W A L T , v. a. To beat; to thump. *? To WALTER, v. a. To overturn. V. WELTER. WALTERAR, S. One who overturns. *?. WALTH, s. Enough of any thing; plenty of; wealth. *?. WALX, s. Wax. See superstitions in Sup. S. W A M B E , W A M E , W A I M , W E A M , W A Y M E , S . l.The womb.

" For he gaderit certane of the maist pure and clein droppis of blud, quhilk was in the bodie of the virgin, and of thame fassionit and formit the perfit body of our Sal-uiour, within her wayme." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Fol. 97. b. 2. The belly, S. *?ee Sup.

" —Euery ane of thaym geuyn mair tyl riatus surfet & glutony of thair wambe, than to ony virtew of thair eldaris." Bellend. Cron. B. viii. c. 3.

His tale, that on his rig before tymes lay, Vnder his wame lattis fall abasitly, And to the wod can haist him in til hy.

Doug. Virgil, 394, 40. 3. The stomach. A fow wame, a full stomach. A wamefow, a bellyful, S.

Hes thow no rewth to gar thy tennent sueit Into thy lawbour, full taynt with hungry wame ?

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 121. st. 21. Moes.G. wamba, A.S. Isl. wamb, Su.G. waamb, venter,

uterus. W A M E - I L L , W E A M - I L L , S. 1. The belly-ache. 2. A

disease of the intestines. *?. — T h e Weam-ill, the Wild fire, the Vomit, & the Vees.

V. FEYK. Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 14. From wame or weam, and ill. In A.S, this is called

wamb-adl, ventris dolor. W A M Y T , GRETE W A M Y T , GRETE W A M E . 1. Big-bellied.

This fatail monstoure clam ouer the wallis then, Grete wamyt, and stuffit full of armyt men.

Doug. Virgil, 46, 40. 2. Pregnant.

For sorow scho gave the gast rycht thare. Gret wame wyth barne, scho wes that day, Her tyme nowcht nere. Wyntown, vii. 7. 95.

To W A M E one's self, v. a. To fill one's belly. *?. W A M E F O U , W A M E F U ' , S. A bellyful. *?.

SAIR W A M E . The same with Wame-ill. 8.

A T H O R T one's W A M E . Maugre ; in spite of one's teeth ; in open defiance of; over the belly. *?.

W A M I E , adj. Corpulent; having a large belly. *?. W A M I N E S S , s. Corpulence. *?.

W A M B L I N , s. A big-bellied puny child. V. W A M F L I N . *?.

W A M E , s. The belly. *?. To W A M B L E , v. n. To move in an undulating man­

ner, like an eel in the water, S. Wamble is used in E., but only as denoting the action

of the stomach, when it rolls with nausea ; a sense in which the term is also used, S.

But stomach wambles, I must close, And with m y fist must stop m y nose.

Ckland's Poems, p. 95. Sibb., with considerable ingenuity, derives our v. from

wame, as properly denoting the motion of an animal on its belly. Su.G. hwimla has a similar sense. Dicitur de motu vermiculari; Ihre. See Sup.

W A N W A N W A M B R A S S E I R I S , s. Armour for the forepart of

the arm. E. vambrace. "Vthers simpillar of x pund of rent or fyftie pundis in

gudis, haue hat, gorget, and a pesane, with wambrasseiris and reirbrasseiris." Acts, Ja. I. 1429. c. 134. Edit. 1566.

Corr. from Fr. avant-bras, id. i. e. before the arm; or rather immediately from avant, and brassart, a vambrace.

To W A M F L E , v. n. To move like a tatterdemalion ; conveying the idea of one moving about, so as to make his rags flap ; Fife. Allied perhaps to Germ. waffel-n, motitari, with m inserted. V. W E F F I L .

7b W A M F L E , v.n. To flap; to flutter; applied to clothes shaken by the wind, or the sails of a vessel. *?.

To W A M F L E , v. n. To sully ; synon. with Suddil. 8. W A M F L E R , W A N F L E R , s. A rake ; a wencher ; Wam-fkr, Philotus, S.P.R. iii. 10. Wanfler, Evergreen, i. 74.

WAMFLET, s. V. WAEFLEED. *?. VVAMFLIN, s. A puny child who has a large belly. *?. W A M Y T , adj. V. under W A M B E . WAMPES, s. The motion of an adder. V. WAMPISH. *?. To WAMPISH, v. n. To fluctuate ; to move backwards and forwards. *?.

To W A M P I S H , V. a. 1. To brandish ; to flourish; to toss about in a boasting manner. 2. To toss in a furious or frantic manner. *?.

WAMPLE,fi. The motion of an eel; undulatingmotion. *?. To W A M P U Z , v. n. V. WAMPISH. *?. W A N , adj. Deficient.

I coud nocht won into welth, wrech wayest, 1 wes so waatoun in will, my werdis ar wan.

Houlate, iii. 26. M S . A.S, wan, deficiens. Wan waes, deerat. Mesiondwana

paenegas ; Mihi desunt minimi. WAN,pret. v. Came, &c. V. W Y N . W A N , adj. 1. Black, gloomy.

Her is na gait to fie yone peple can, Bot rochis heich, and wattir depe and wan.

Wallace, vii. 814. M S . —Persauyt the mornyng bia, wan and har, Wyth cloudy gum and rak ouerquhelmyt the are.

Doug. Virgil, 202, 25. Rudd. takes no notice of this term. It is evidently A.S.

wan, wann, wonn, Wan wolcen, atra nubes. Tha wonnan nihtmona onlihteth ; Atram noctem luna illuminat; Boet. p. 165. V. Wonn, Lye. 2. Dark-coloured ; or rather, filthy.

Sum nakit fled, and gat out off that sted, The wattir socht, abaissit out off slepe. In the ford weill, that was bath wan and depe, Feill off thaim fell, that brak out off that place, Dowkit to grounde, and deit with outyn grace.

Wallace, vii. 488. M S . Editors, not understanding the term, have substituted

long; as they have changedfurd to Friers. In the Friers well that was both long and deep.

A.S. wan, wonn, also signify filthy; foedus. Wonne wagas, luridi, foedi fluctus; Boet. iii. ] 9. wonne waelstrea-mas, foedi gurgites aquarum ; Ibid. 30. 12. ap. Lye.

It seems uncertain, however, whether wan, in the pas­sage last quoted, does not merely signify, lurid, q. the dark weill, or eddy of the ford.

W A N . A particle expressive of negation prefixed both to adjectives and substantives. V. V A N H A P . *?.

W A N , adj. Not fully round ; not plump; not filled up. *?. W A N . A n adverbial particle added to words, in gene­

ral signifying way; as, « He's gain Aberdeen-wan," he is on the road to Aberdeen, &c. ,?.

638

W A N , s. Wan and Wound, perhaps blow and wound. *?. W A N B A Y N , the cheek-bone.

With his gud suerd he maid a hidwyss wound, Left thaim for ded, syne on the ford can found, On the wan bayne with gret ire can him ta, Cleyffyt the cost rycht cruelly in twa.

Wallace, xi. 123. MS. A.S. wang, Belg. weng, the cheek.

W A N C A N N Y , adj. Unlucky; not canny, q. v. A wancanny carlin, one supposed to be a witch. <?.

W A N C H A N C I E , adj. 1. Unlucky, S. See Sup. Wae worth the man wha first did shape That vile, wanchoncie thing—a rape !—Bums, iii, 82,

2. Dangerous, apt to injure, S. My travellers are fley'd to deid Wi' creels wanchancy, heap'd wi' bread.—

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 68. W A N C O U T H , adj. Uncouth ; Rudd. W A N D , W A N D E , S. 1. A sceptre, or badge of authority.

Rohand he gaf the wand, And bad him sitt him bi,

That fre; " Rohand lord mak Y,

To held this lond of me."—Sir Tristrem, p. 50. st. 83, Helenus,

The lauchful son of the King Priamus, Rang King ouer mouy cieties in Greik land, Berand thareof the scepture and the wand.

Doug. Virgil, 77, 43, It is used in a similar sense in E., but as denoting a

badge of inferior authority, as that borne by ushers, &c, tinder the wand, in a state of subjection. All cuntre vnsubjectit vnder our wand, It may be clepyt ane vncouth strange lande.

Doug. Virgil, 219, 38. " — T h e wife,—sa lang as her husband was livand,—

was vnder his wand and power; and he was lord of all, quhilk perteined to his wife." Quon. Attach, c. 20. § 2. Sub virga mariti, Lat. Elsewhere this phrase is used apparently as synon. with

under the lind; denoting a situation in the open fields or woods.

Ane tyme when scho was full, and on fute fair, Scho tuke in mynd her sister up-on-land,

And langt to ken her weilfair and her cheir, And se quhat lyf scho led vnder the wand.

Henrysone, Borrowstoun and Landwart Mous, V. LIND. Evergreen, i. 145.

2. The rod of correction. See Sup. Greit God into his handis

To dant the warld hes diuers wandis. Efter our euill conditioun, He makis on us punitioun : With hounger, thirst and indigence, Sum tyme greit plaigis and pestilence, And sum tyme with his bludy wand, Throw cruel weir, be sey, and land.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 10. 3. A fishing-rod, S.

" Therefore ordainis the saidis actes to have effect and execution—against the slayers of the saidis reid fisch, in forbidden time, be blesis, casting of wandes or utherwise." Acts, Ja. VI. 1579. c. 89.

His jishing-wand, his snishin-box, A fowling-piece, to shoot muir-cocks, And hunting hares thro' craigs and rocks,

This was his game. Forbes's Dominie Depos'd, p. 28.

Su.G. wand, Dan. vaand, Isl. voend-ur, baculus, virga.

W A N W . A N Haeskwanda, Hist. Alex. M. ap. Ihre. baculi ex corylo, S. hazlewands. Hence,

W A N D O F P E A C E . A symbol of relaxation from an

unjust sentence of outlawry. *?. W A N D , adj. Wicker; as, " a wand basket." *?. W A N D - B E D , S. A wicker bed, a sort of palanquin.

" The young laird also lying sore sick in the same chamber, — upon great moyan was transported upon a wand-bed upon the morn from the tolbooth to the castle." Spalding's Troubles, II. 272.

W A N D , pret. of the v. To wind. Did wind ; wound. *?. The seymen than walkand full besyly, Ankyrs wandin wysly on athir syd.— Wallace,ix. 51.

i. e. Wound in, or weighed anchors. W A N D - B I R N , s. A straight b u m on a sheep's face. *?. W A N D F A S S O N , s. W h a t is made of wands or twigs.*?. To W A N D Y S , v. n. T o feel tbe impression of fear. It seems to include the idea of one's giving some exter­nal indications of fear, as by disorder, falling back a little, &c,

Quhen thai the Douglas saw nerhand Thai wandyst, and maid an opynning. James of Dowglas, be thair relying, Knew that thai war discumfyt ner.

Evanishing, edit. 1620. Barbour, xii. 109. M S . And quhat for arowis, that felly Mony gret woundis gan thaim ma, And slew fast off thair horss alsua; That thai wandyst a litill wei. Thai dred sa gretly then to dey, That thair cowyn wes wer and wer.

Recoiled, edit. 1620. Ibid. xiii. 217. M S . And thai, that at the fyrst meting, Feld off the speris sa sar sowing, Wandyst, and wald haiff bene away.

Vanisht, edit. 1620. Ibid. xvi. 629. M S , A.S. wand-ian, to fear ; also, to become remiss from fear,

W A N D I T , S.P.R. iii. 141. Scho wandit, and yeid by to ane elriche well.

Leg. wanderit, as in edit. 1508. W A N D O C H T , W A N D O U G H T , S. A weak or puny crea­ture, S.B. V. U N D O C H . A silly inactive fellow; also, a worthless creature. *?.

W A N D O C H T , WANDOUGHT,adj. Feeble; contemptible,*?.

W A N D R E T H E , s. Misfortune; great difficulty or danger.

The wyis wroght either grete wandreth and weuch. Gawan and Gol. iii. 5.

With feistis fell, and full of jolitee, This cumlie court thair king thai kest to keip. That noy hes none bot newlie novaltie, And is nocht wount for wo to woun and weip. Full sendill sad, or [f. ar] soundlie set to sleip. No wandrethe wait, ay wenis welthe endure.

K.Hart,i. 11. Sibb. derives it from Teut. neg. particle wan, un, and

rouwe, or rest, quies. But the term is pure Gothic. Isl. vandraedi, maxima difficultas, unde quis vix se expedire potest; Verel. p. 282. Su.G. wamdraede, discrimen, diffi­cultas, Ther eigh aeru i wandraedom; W h o are not in danger of losing life. WestG. Leg. ap. Ihre. From Isl. vand-ur, difficult, full of labour and danger, vandi, any thing full of trouble and danger, Su.G. wand, evil, diffi­cult ; and raed, casus, chance, accident. V. Wand, Ihre, p. 1035.

W A N E , s. Defect; want. Of fesaunce, pertrik, and of crane,

639

Ther was plente, and no wane. V. Gl. Compl. p. 380. Arthour and Merlin, MS. V. W A N , adj. 1.

W A N E , s. Manner ; fashion. Thai seruyt thaim on sa gret wane, With scherand suerdis, and with knyffis, That weil ner-all left the lyvys. Thai had a felloun eftremess.—Barbour, xvi. 454. M S .

As the persons killed were sitting at a feast, there is an ironical allusion to the service given on an occasion of this kind. " They served them," as we use to say, " in such high style," &c.

Springaldis, and schot, on ser maneris That to defend castell afferis, He purwayit in till full gret wane.

Ibid. xvii. 249. M S . —Suffir na seruandis auaritius Ouir scharp exactionis on thair subditis craif, That not be done without thair honour saif, Sekand na conques be vnlefull wanis.

Bellend. Proheme to Cron, Su.G. wana, consuetudo, mos; Isl. vane. Our word is

evidently more nearly allied to these than to A.S. wun-a, whence O.E. wone ; Germ, gewonheit. But they are all from the same root, Su.G. waen-ia, Isl. ven-ia, assuefacere, to be wont.

Seynt Edward the marter, ys eldore sone, After hym was kyng ymad, as lawe was & wone.

R. Glouc. p. 287. W A N E , s. A sort of waggon; a wain. Maitl. P. p. 116. V. A U C H T , adj.

W A N E , s. L A habitation ; a dwelling. The dow effrayit dois fie

Furth of hir holl, and richt dern wynyng wane. Doug. Virgil, 134, 40.

Wanys, although properly the pi. of wane,is often used as if itself a s. singular.

The purweyance that is with in this wanys W e will nocht tyne; ger sembyll all at anys, Gar warn Ramsay, and our gud men ilkan.

Wallace, ix. 1194. M S . The herd has fund the beis bike,

Closit vnder ane derne cauerne of stanis ; And fyllit has full sone that litil wanys Wyth smoik of soure and bitter rekis stew.

Doug. Virgil, 432, 12. 2. Sometimes in pi. it is used, not as denoting different habitations, but different apartments in the same habitation.

Tharewith the brute and noyis rais in thay wanys. Quhil all the large hillis rang attanis.

Doug. Virgil, 475, 48. This corresponds with the account given p. 474, 14. in

the description of the palace of Latinus. Amyd the hallis heich lang and braid, &c.

O.E. wone, wonne, a dwelling, is used in the same man­ner ; as appears from a Poem, entitled, " A Disputation bytwene a Crystene man and a Jew," written before the year 1300.

Squiyeres in uche syde In the wones so wide.

Warton's Hist- P. ii. Emendations, p. 3. The place described is a nunnery. The wanes, as Mr.

Warton observes, are the rooms. The prophet preacheth thereof, & put it in the psalter. Domine, quis habitabit in tabernaculo tuo, &c. Lord who shall wonne in thy wonnes, & with thi holy

saynts Or resten in thi holy hils ? this asketh Dauid.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 15. a.

W A N W A N

Teut. woon, habitatio. V. W O N , V. W A N E , s. Opinion ; estimation.

On Schyrreffmur Wallace the feild has tane, With viii thousand, that worthy was in wane.

Wallace, x. 20. MS. Q. that derived estimation. A.S. wen, wena, opinio.

This may, however, signify, " worthy in dwelling." W A N E , s. A number of people. *?. To W A N E , v. n. To think. *?. W A N E A R T H L I E , adj. Not belonging to this world; preternatural; not earthly. V. W A N . *?.

To W A N E I S E one's self, v.a. To put one's self to trouble, S.B. V. UNEITH.

WANFORTUNE.fi. Misfortune. *?. W A N F O R T U N A T E , a # . Unfortunate. *?. W A N G Y L E , s. The gospel; contr. from evangyle; Lat. evangel-ium.

He made a tystyre in that quhyle, Quhare-in wes closyd the Wangyle.

Wyntown, vi. 10. 70. W A N G R A C E , s. Wickedness, S. " q. d. ungrace, want of grace ; from A.S. wana, carens, deficiens, minus ; wan-ian, deficere;" Rudd. See Sup.

W A N H A P , s. Misfortune. V. V A N H A P . W A N H A P P I E , adj. 1. Unlucky ; unfortunate, S.B. 2. Dangerous; fatal.

The wildbair, that wanhappie beist, Quhois tuskis of length war at the leist Ane quarter lang and mair,

Into ane furie he ran fast Throw all the placis quhair he past With mony rout and rair.

Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 19, The term does not express the unhappiness of the wild

boar himself, but of the person who comes in his way. W A N H O P E , s. Delusive hope. *?ee Sup.

That fals man by dissaitfull wordis fare With wanhope trumpet the wofull luffare.

Doug. Virgil, 24, 3. W A N I O N , s. Apparently, a misfortune or calamity. *?. W A N Y O C H , adj. Pale ; wan. *?. W A N Y S , pi. s. The jaws, used in a secondary sense for the stomach.

He had to slep sa mekill will, That he moucht set na let thar till. For quhen the wanys fillyt ar, Men worthys hewy euirmar.

V. W A N BAYN. Barbour, vii. 173. MS. W A N Y S , pi. s. Habitation. V. W A N E , S. 4. W A N K I L L , adj. Unstable ; wankle, A. Bor. id.

But Thomas, truly I the say, This world is wondir wankill.

True Thomas, Jamieson's Popul. Bail. ii. 35. A.S. wancle, wancol, inconstans; Su.G. wankelmodig,

animi inconstans ; from wank-a, Germ, wank-en, fluctuare. Hence also Su.G. wankl-a, id. As wackl-a is synon., the origin is supposed to be Moes.G. wag-ian, agitari.

To W A N K I S H , v.a. To twist; to entwine. *?. W A N L A S , W A N L A S S , S. At the wanlas, accidentally; without design. Perhaps, by surprise; at a loss. See 8.

For hys mudyr at hys beryng Deyd, and quhen that he wes yhing Of fyftene yhere eld of cas Slwe his fadyr at the wanlas.

Wyntown, iii. 3. 28. V. also vii. 4. 30. Mr. Macpherson derives it from Dan, last, crime, fraud,

and wan, the negat. part. We find a word much resembling this in A.S., only in-

640 B . J

verted; leaswene, false opinion, from waen-an, wen-an, to think, and leas, without. Su.G. handlos is used to denote an accidental stroke. Or it may be q. wandlos, from wand, evil, and los, corresponding to E. less, i. e. without evil design.

W A N L I E S U M , adj. Unlovely, Syn. Unlussum. 8. WANLUCK,s,Misfortune,S.B.waw^,Maitland Poems. WANNIS, s.pl. Scars ; marks; cicatrices. 8. W A N N L E , W A N L E , adj. 1. Agile ; active as well as athletic. Syn.Yauld. 2, Stout; healthy ; vigorous. *?.

W A N O W N ' T , part. adj. Unclaimed ; not owned. S. W A N R E C K , s. Mischance ; ruin. & W A N R E S T , s. 1. Inquietude, S. Belg. onrust. See 8.

" Shal ye not then be ashamed of that whereinto now ye take pleasure ? Shall not this silly ease be turned in sorrowfull wanrest ?" Mr. Ja. Melvill's Mem. p. 142. 2. Cause of inquietude, S.B.

Quo' she, I wiss I cou'd your wanrest ken, 'Tis may be cause ye canna ly your lane.

Ross's Helenore, p. 38, TA'EN A T A W A N R E S T . Taken at a disadvantage. *?. W A N R E S T ofa clock. The pendulum.

" —The wanrest of a clock gaes as far the tae gate, as it gede the tither;" S. Prov. signifying, that an unstable per­son generally goes from one extreme to another. As Isl. oroa denotes the axis of a wheel, because still in

motion; it is singular that, although the Danish word be different, it is formed in the same manner, and conveys precisely the same idea with ours. Uroe, a pendulum, from u negat., and roe, rest. The same analogy is obser­vable in Germ, unruhe, id., from un negat., and ruhe, rest; and in Sw. oro, as, oron i et hur, the balance of a watch; Wideg.

W A N R E S T F U ' adj. Restless, S. And may they never learn the gaets Of ither vile, wanrestfu' pets ! Burns, iii. 79.

W A N R U F E , s. Disquietude ; uneasiness. Robene answerit her agane, I wait nocht quhat is luve;

But I haif mervell in certaine, Quhat makis the this wanrufe.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 98. Both Lord Hailes and Mr. Pink, render it uneasy. But

it is evidently the s., from wan negat., and O.E. row, rest, repose. V. ROIF.

W A N R U L Y , adj. Unruly, S,, especially, S.B. Frae their wanruly fellin paw Mair cause ye hae to fear

Your death that day. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 30.

W A N S H A I K E N , part. adj. Deformed. *?. W A N S O N S Y , adj. Mischievous. V. UNSONSY. *?. W A N S U C K E D , s. A child that has not been properly suckled.

Your mouth must be mucked, while ye be instructed, Foul Flirdon, Wansucked, Tersel of a Tade.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 5. Wanmckit occurs in the same sense as an adj. Wansuekit funnling, that Nature maid an yrle, Baith John the Ross and thou shall squeil and skirle, Gif eir I heir ocht of your making mair.

Kennedie, Evergreen, ii. 49. WANT,*s. To Hae a want, to be imbecile in mind.*?. ' W A N T E R , s. A term applied, both to a bachelor, and to a widower; from the circumstance of wanting, or being without, a wife, S.

Then, ilka wanter wale a wife, Ere eild and humdrums seize ye.

Ramsay's Works, i. 115,

W A P W A P W A N T H R I F T , s. 1. Prodigality; unthriftiness, S.

Quhat wykkitnes, quhat wanthryft now in warld walkis ? Doug. Virgil, 238, b. 35.

Of our wanthrift sum wytis playis; And sum thair wantoun vane arrayis.

Maitland Poems, p. 300. 2. Used as a personal designation, denoting a prodigal.

Of all bliss let it be as bair as the birk, That fittest the taidrel may tell an ill tail. Let no vice in this warld in this wanthrift be wanted.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 19, V. next word.

W A N T H R E V I N , WAN-THRiVEN,/3ar<.jaa. Not thriven; in a state of decline, S. See Sup.

W o worth (quoth the Weirds) the wights that thee wrought;

Threed-bair be thair thrift, as thou art wanthreyin. Montgomerie, Watson's Co 11. iii. 14.

Sw. vantrifh-as, not to thrive; vantrifne, not thriving; vantrefnad, the state of not thriving; Wideg.

WANTIN', W I N T A N , used as a prep. Without. *?. W A N T O N , s. A girth. *?• W A N T O N - M E A T , s. The entertainment of spirits, sweetmeats, &c. given to those in a house, at the birth of a child. V. BLITHE-MEAT. *?,

WANUSE, s. Misuse ; abuse; waste, &c. *?. W A N W E I R D , W A N W E R D , * . Unhappyfate; hardlot,S.

I tuke comfort herof, thinkand but baid, That hard wanwerd suld follow fortune glaid,

V. WEIRD. Doug. Virgil, 20, 27. W A N W Y T , s. Want of knowledge.

Gywe it ware wilfully foryhete, It would be repute wnkyndnes, Wanwyt, or than reklesnes. Wyntown, vi. Prol. 47.

Belg. wanwete, Isl. vanvitska. W A N W O R T H , W A N W O R D Y , adj. Unworthy, S. *?ee*?.

Worlin wanworth, I warn thee it is written.— Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 57.

i. e. Unworthy, or contemptible urchin. The term generally used, S.B. is wanwordy. Isl. vanvurde, dediguor; vanvirda, dedecus; G. Andr.

p. 246. Su.G. wanwoerd-a, dehonestare ; Ihre, vo. Worda. W A N W O R T H , S. A n undervalue, S.; as, It was sold at a wanworth.

The Council winna lack sae meikle grace, As lat our heritage at wanworth gang.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 87. 88. W A N W U T H , s. A surprise; synon. with Wanloss.S. To W A P , v. a. 1. T o throw quickly, S. See Sup.

The heynd knight at his haist held to the toune. The yettis wappit war wyde, The knyght can raithly in ryde.

Gawan and Gol. I. 10. q. thrown wide. Perhaps corr. from W A R P . But V. the s. 2. To throw, in a general sense.

Get Johny's hand in haly band, Syne wap ye'r wealth together.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 295. 3. To flap.

,—Day is dawen, and cocks hae crawen, And wappit their wings sae wide.

Glenkinnie, Jamieson's Popul. Ball. I. 95. W A P , S. L A throw, S.

He shook the blade, an' wi' a wap Set the heft to the ground,

The nib until his breast; wi' it Gave himsell his death's wound,

V. the v. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 38 V O L . II. 641

2. A quick and smart stroke, S. It often conveys the idea of that given by an elastic body.

He hit him on the wame ane wap, It buft lyke ony bledder. Chr. Kirk, st. 12.

This may perhaps be traced to Su.G. wipp-a, motitare se, sursum deorsum celeriter ferri; Isl. veif-a, Teut. wipp-en, vibrare. I hesitate whether this may not be viewed as the origin of the v. Wap. Isl. wipp-a, to vault, to leap over.

To W A P , v. a. T o wrap ; to envelope; to swaddle. Gae, fetch a web of the silken claith, Another of the twine,

And wap them into our ship's side, And let nae the sea come in.

— T hey wapped them round that gude ship's side, But still the sea come in.

Sir P. Spens, Minstrelsy, Border, iii. 68. The last phraseology, which is perhaps the most correct,

claims affinity with Su.G. wep-a, to lap about; Isl. wef-ia, Moes.G. waib-an, id. See Sup.

To W A P , v. n. To wrestle.—WAPPING, wrestling. *?. W A P , s. A bundle, or bottle of straw. *?. WAPNiT,WAPiNNiT,/>-ar£./<a. Provided with weapons.*?. WAPPINLES. adj. Unarmed; without weapons. *?. WAPPER.fi. Any thing large of its kind. *?. W A P P I N G , adj. Large in size; strapping. *?. WAPPIN, W A P P Y N , s. A weapon, S.

The Romanis than discendit from Enee Rusche unto wappynnis for thare lyberte.

Doug. Virgil, 266, 45. Moes.G. wepna, A.S. waepen, Su.G. wapn, Belg. wapen,

Dan. waaben, arma. As Alem. uaffen occurs as synon. with harnesch, our harness,) Ihre thinks that it may have originally denoted defensive armour, as the breast-plate, &c. from waff-en, to surround. But may it not be con­jectured, with as much reason, that it originally signified offensive arms; from Isl. veif-a, Teut. wipp-en, to brandish ?

W A P I N S C H A W . W A P I N S C H A W I N G , S. A n exhibition of

arms, according to the rank of the person, made at certain times in every district, S. " It is statute, that wapinschaw sal be keiped & haldin."

Stat. Will. c. xxiii. § 6. " It was ordanit in the secound Parliament of our Soue-

rane Lord the King, that ilk Sehiref of the realme sould gar wapinshawing be maid foure tymes ilk yeir, in als mony placis as war speidfull, within his Baillierie." Acts, Ja. I. 1425, c. 67. edit. 1566.

The names of all who appeared, were to be enrolled. These meetings were not designed for military exercise, but only for shewing that the lieges were properly pro­vided with arms; from A.S. waepn, weapon, and sceaw-ian, to shew. It was also provided, that a captain should be chosen for each parish to instruct the parishioners in the military exercise; for which purpose they were to assemble twice at least every month, during May, June, and July. The Swedes had formerly a term of a similar signification, wapna-syn, from wapn, arma, and syn-a, monstrare. V. Ihre, vo. Moenstra. He derives the modem military term muster from Lat. monstrare.

Our word evidently differs, in its signification, from E. wapentake, which seems to be synon. with that division of a county called Hundred. Some, apparently without foun­dation, derive the term from A.S. waepn, and taec-an, to teach, q. a certain district to be taught the use of arms. Dr. Johns, says, that " upon a meeting for that purpose they touched each other's weapons in token of their fidelity and allegiance." Hoveden indeed derives it a tactu armo-rum; but gives a more probable account of the ceremony. When any one, he says, was appointed prefect of the

4 M

W A R W A R

wapentake, on a fixed day, in the place where they were wont to assemble, all the elders rose up to him, as he dis­mounted from his horse. He, having erected his spear, all that were present came and touched it with their lances; and thus they gave a pledge of their mutual en­gagement, by the contact of arms. V. Cowel.

This practice was undoubtedly borrowed from the ancient Goths. Among them the mode of decreeing edicts by the people at large, by the clashing of their arms, was called Wapntak. The same word denoted the confirma­tion ofa judicial edict by the touch of arms. The votes being collected, the Judge reached forth a spear, by touch­ing which all his assessors confirmfd the sentence. V. Verel. and Ihre in vo. Spelman, vo. Wapentachium, thinks that this custom is to be traced to that of the ancient Germans, and also of the Macedonians, who, when dis­pleased with any measure in their public assemblies, were wont to express their dissatisfaetion by striking their shields.

W A P P I N , s. A loose sort of dress, worn by fishermen when at work instead of their usual clothes. *?.

WAPPIT, part. pa. The feind is our felloun fa, in the we confyde, Thou moder of all mercye, and the menare. For ws wappit in wo in this warld wyde, To thy sone mak thy mane, and thy raakar.

Houlate, iii. 9. The only sense given of wappit by Mr. Pink, is " warped,

turned." But here it certainly signifies, wrapped, envel­oped ; Su.G. wep-a, to lap about.

WAR, WARR, W A R E , W E R E , adj. Worse, S. war, A. Bor, " I ne'er saw ony thing waur than myseV," I never saw a ghost. 8.

—Pece and pece the eild syne war and war Begouth to wax, the cullour fading far.

Doug. Virgil, 253, 16. Syne dool fells us, the weak ay wins the warr.

Ross's Helenore, p. 91. Severyus Sone he wes but dowte, Bot he wes were than he all owte.

Wyntown, v. 8. 172. Moes.G. wairs, wairsima, Su.G. waerre, werre, A.S.

waerra, Isl. verre, id. V. W O R . W A R , W A U R . This word is occasionally used as a s.; as, " If that happened it would be ten waurs," i. e. ten times worse. 8.

To W A R , W A U R , V. a. 1. To overcome ; to outdo in working, running, &c. S., to worst, E.

And now has Pristis the fordel, and syne in hye The big Centaure hir warris, and slippis by.

Doug. Virgil, 132, 41. " The scholar may war the master by a time."—S. Prov.

Kelly, p. 310. An' Scotland drew her pipe an' blew, ' Up, and waur them a', man I' Burns, iii. 270.

From the adj. In like manner in Isl. and Sw. there is a n. v. formed from the adj.; versna, and foerwaerr-a, dete-riorari, to become worse. 2. To injure ; to make worse. 3. To be waur'd, to be cast in a court of law. *?.

W A R , subst. v. Were. The Romanys now begynnys her, Off men that war in gret distress, And assayit full gret hardynes. Barbour,i.447. M S . Thai trowit be than thai war in Awendaille.

Wallace, iii. 78. MS. Sw. Germ, war, A.S.waeron, Alem. waran,O.DaD. waru.

W A R , adj. Aware; wary, E. ware. V. W E R . W A R , v. imp. War him, befal him.

642

A Scottis man, that him haudlyt hat, He hynt than be the armys twa; And war him wele or war him wa, He ewyn apon his bak him flang.

Barbour, xvi. 650. MS. This seems more nearly allied to Su.G. war-a, to be,

than to any v. I have met with; q. be good or evil to him. like the Sw. phrase; Ware haermed hurudetwill; Be this as it will; Wideg. I suspect, however, that it is rather to be viewed as a peculiar use of the following v. V. sense 2.

To WAR, W A R E , WAIR, W A Y R , v.a. 1. To lay out,

as expense, S., as, to war siluer, to lay out money, S., A. Bor. See Sup. " They shall be lyable both for intromission and omis­

sion, and shall have no allowance or defalcation of the charges and expenses waived out by them." Act Sed*. 25th Feb. 1693.

On ilkane fyngar scho wars ringis tuo : Scho was als pround as any papingo.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 70. Pround is perhaps an error for proud. It may, however,

be the same with proyn'd. Na marvel though ill win ill wared be.

Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 28. This seems to have been a Prov. expression, III war'd,

and weil war'd, are still used concerning money ill or well laid out, S. 2. To expend; to bestow, in whatever sense ; as, to war time, labour, life, &c. S. A. Bor. Warit, part. pa.

Think weil warit the tyme thow hes done spend. And the travale that thow hes done sustene ; Sen it is brocht now to sic gud ane end.

Maitland Poems, p. 286. And nane, as yet, hes [eir] thair lawbor wairit; As na man war that for this country carit.

Ibid. p. 290. Be I ane Lord, and not lord-lyk, Then every pelour and purs-pyk Sayis, Land war bettir warit on me.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 62. " All men, that have any perfect favour thereto, will

not only be careful of his counsel, and spend his goods and gear, but also they will ware thair lives to the advance­ment and welfare of the same." Pitscottie, p. 14.

Thus Symon's heid upon the wall was brokin; And als freir Johne attour the stayr was loppin, And hurt his heid, and wart him wounder ill; And Alesoun scho gat nocht all her will.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 85. i. e. Bestowed himself. A similar phrase is used concerning one who is supposed

to deserve any cross accident that befals him ; It's weill war'd on him, or at his hand, S. 3. To waste ; to squander; to throw away.

Tyne nocht thir men, but to sura strenth ye ryd, And I said pass to get yow power mar; Thir ar our gud thus lychtly for to war.

Wear, edit. 1648. Wallace, viii. 198. MS. Syn to the King he raykyt in gret ire, And said on lowd, Was this all your desyr, To wayr a Scot thus lychtly into wayn ?

Ibid. xi. 255. MS. Isl. ver-ia, to buy, to purchase ; to sell; to make mer­

chandise ; Verio varu sinni, to sell his wares; Teut. waer-en, to promise a price. This has been deduced from waer, true, Alem. war-en, to plight faith, i. e. to verify, to give assurance that the goods sold are sufficient; as the seller was anciently bound to do. Hence E. ware, wares, mer-

W A R W A R chandise, something to be sold. This word seems very ancient; as also found in Celt. C.B. gwarr-io, warr-io, to spend money; Ray.

To W A R A N D , v. a. To protect, S. and E. warrant, to give security against danger.

For wytht hym had Maximiane All the gud fechtarys of the land; Nane left, that evyr wytht strenthe of hand Mycht warand the small folk fra the fycht, Na for to stynt thare fays mycht.

Wyntown, v. 10. 547. A.S. waren-ian, cavere sibi, defendere se. Lye (Addit.

Jun. Etym.) derives E. warrant from A.S. war-ian, defen­dere. This is obviously the origin; analogous to Su.G. waer-a, tueri. Hence waern-a, id. waem, a tower, resem­bling A.S. waering, a mound, a rampart, a fortress.

W A R A N D , W A R R A N D , fi. 1. A place of shelter or de­fence from enemies.

And thai that saw sa sudandly That folk come egyrly prikand Rycht betwix thaim and thair warand, Thai war in to full gret effray. Barbour, vi. 422. M S . The chiftanis brak array, and went thare gate, The baneris left al blout and dyssolate, Socht to warrand on horsbak, he and he, Frawart thare fais, and held to the ciete.

Doug. Virgil, 397,7, It occurs in the same sense, O.E. The targe was his warrant, That none till him threw.

V. the v. Rob. de Brunne, Ellis's Spec. i. 121. 2. A surety ; one who secures the fulfilment of any bar­gain, or warrants a purchase made by another. *?,

W A R B L E , s. 1. A sort of worm that breeds betwixt the outer and inner skin of beasts, S. a swelling on the back of a cow or ox, A. Bor, See Sup.

2, A lean person ; a scrag. S. A.S. wear, Teut. weer, a knot, puff, or bunch; any thing

callous. To W A R B L E , v. n. To wriggle, &c. V. W R A B I L . W A R D , s. L A division of an army.

Apoun this wyse the oistis and wordis hale On athir part returnyt in batale.

Doug. Virgil, 430, 17. 2. A small piece of pasture ground, enclosed on all sides, generally appropriated to young quadrupeds; as, the calf-ward, the place where calves are enclosed for pasture, S, See Sup.

Within the ward I might have clos'd thee Where well thou mightest have repos'd thee,

Amang the Laird's best fillies. Watson's Coll. i. 49. Thus Su.G. waard, not only signifies custodia, but

sepes, sepimentum, i. e. the means of keeping in safety; A.S. geard.

To W A R D , v. a. T o imprison. " It appears from the old records, that a company of

players were in Perth, June 3d., 1589. In obedience to an act of the General Assembly, which had been made in the year 1574—5, they applied to the consistory of the church for a licence, and shewed a copy of the play, which they proposed to exhibit. The words of the record, some of them a little modernised, are, ' Perth, June 3d. 1589, The minister and elders give licence to play the play, with conditions, that no swearing, banning, nor one fonie] scurrility shall be spoken, which would be a scandal to our religion which we profess, and for an evil example unto others. Also, that nothing shall be added to what

643

is in the register of the play itself. If any one who plays shall do in the contrary, he shall be warded, and make his public repentance.' That is, he was to be imprisoned, and afterwards to appear in the church to be rebuked in the public place of repentance." Statist. Ace. (Perth.)xviii. 522.

E. put in ward; Su.G. waerd-a, custodire. To W A R D , V. n. To go to prison; to submit to con­finement ; to enter one's person in ward. S.

W A R D O U R , S. A prisoner; one kept under ward. 8. W A R D A N D W A R S E L . Security for; pledge; res­

ponsibility, S.B. " To remane upoun his ward and warsall." s.

Ye may meet with skaith, There's fouk gangs here, that's abler than we baith. E'en sit you still, and rest you here with me, And I sail ward and warsel for you be.

Ross's Helenore, p. 31. As ward signifies keeping, warsel seems corr. from

wardsel, perhaps from A.S. weard, custodia, and sell-on, tradere ; q. security for delivery of what has been kept. Wachter observes that the Germ, sal, from sel-en, tradere, conveys this idea. Traditionem, praebitionem et exhibi-tionem ejus rei, cui annectitur — significat; Proleg. Sect. V. Su.G. waerd-a, praestare, sensu juridico.

To W A R D , v. n. To award; an old forensic term. *?. W A R D E , W A R D , S. A decision; a determination; a

forensic term, Interloquutour, synon. See Sup. " And ilk soytour before he is admitted and receaved

be the Judge, sould be examinat in thrie courts, gif he can make recorde of the court (of ane proces deduced in court) or report ane sufficient warde (interloquutour) or dome, anent wardes or exceptions asked in the court ?" Quon. Attach, c. 36, § 3.

L.B. warda, E. award. Su.G. waer-ia signifies, in a forensic sense, to purge one's self by oath, (an oblique use of the v. signifying to defend;) whence ward, he who has purged himself in this manner; Ihre. Veria the hanum vari varder; Si juramento praestito defendens, liber erit; Seren. Addend, vo. Award.

W A R D A T O U R , s. The person who has the wardship of lands while the heir is a minor, *?.

W A R D E N , s. The name of a particular kind of pear. *?. W A R D L E , s. The world, Buchan. *?. WARDOUR, s.

Off ferliful fyne favour war thair faces meik, All full of flurist fairheid, as Houris in June, Quhyt, seimlie, and soft, as the sweet lillies; N e w upspred upon spray as new spynist rose, Arrayit ryallie about with mony riche wardour.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 45. Mr. Pink, inclines to render it " ward or division; what

we call plot of a garden;" Note, p. 387. But perhaps it rather means verdure.

W A R D R A I P P E R , s. The keeper of the wardrobe. The wardraipper of Venus' hour To giff ajoblet he is als doure, As it war off ane fute syd frog.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 90. Jobkt is probably an error for dobkt, a doublet. From wardreip, wardrep, war drip; as wardrobe is

written by Dunbar, Ibid. pp. 90, 91, 92. See Sup. To W A R E , v. a. To expend, &c. V. W A R . W A R E , s. Price; estimation.

The Dowglas in thay dayis, duchtye alquhare, Archibald the honorable in habitationis, Weddit that wlowk wicht, worthye of ware, With rent and with riches. Houlate, ii. 19.

W A R W A R For A.S. wer, were, capitis estimatio; or rather from

ware, Su.G. wara, merx. From the latter is formed,

W H O L E - W A R E , *. The whole of any thing ; the whole lot or assortment; a phrase borrowed from mercantile transactions. " He saith, In the whole-ware of these things, the life

of my soul standeth," Bruce's Eleven Serm. I. 6. 1. V. HA L E - W A R E .

W A R E , s. A tough and hard knot in a tree. Bot fessynyt sa is in the ware the grip That by na maner force, thocht he was wicht, Furth of the stok the schaft vp pul he micht.

Doug. Virgil, 440, 40. A.S. wear, Belg. weer, callus, nodus, tuber; Rudd, Sibb.

renders it as an adj. " War nott, hard knot in a tree;" Gl. W A R E , W A R , pret. v. Wore; from wear.

He bad him bring with him the sceptour vand,— The collare picht with orient peirles als That sche umquhile war about hir hals.

Doug. Virgil, 33, 42. W A R E , W A I R , s . l.The sea-weed,calledalgamarina;

sometimes sea-ware, S. pi. waris. • As ane roik of the se,—

Skellyis and fomey craggis thay assay, Rowtand and rarand, and may nocht empare, Bot gyf thay sched fra his sydis the ware.

Doug. Virgil, 228, 31. Suffir that the palmes of our airis,

Hirssil on the crag almaist ilk routh and waris. Ibid. 138, 2,

" Besydis this Kelnsay forsaid, layes Berneraybeg, haffe ane myle lange, and ane myle of breadthe, ane laicbe rough ile, full of little rough craiges and how betwixt, of natu-rall fertile eirthe, with infinite sea-ware on every stane of the same." Monroe's Iles, p. 43. " On this coast, great quantities of sea-weed, called

ware, are thrown up on the shore, which the farmers lay on the ground, and find very profitable in raising crops of barley." P. Gamrie, Banffs. Statist. Ace. i. 472. A. Bor. waar, or weir ; in Thanet island, wore, or woor ;

Somner. 2. Fucus vesiculosus.

" Bladder Fucus, or common Sea Wrack. Anglis. Sea-ware, Scotis." Lightfoot, p. 904.

Spelman and Skene derive it from Fr. varech. But this properly signifies wreck, or all that is cast out by the sea. It is evidently the same with A.S. war, waur, Belg. wier, alga marina. Sae-waur, Gl. Aelfric.

W A R E D , part. pa. Manured with sea-weed, Orkn. " In the spring season, after the oats are sown, the far­

mer gives the wared land one ploughing, which they call their fallow." P. Westray, Statist. Ace. xvi. 253.

W A R E - B E A R , S. Barley raised by means of sea-weed. *?. I N C O M E W A R E . Weeds cast in by the sea as distin­

guished from those which adhere to the rocks. *?. WARE, s. A wire. S. WARE, WAIR, s. The spring. V. VEIR. *?. WARETYME, fi. 1. The season of spring. 2. The early period of life; the spring-season of life. *?.

W A R E - C O C K , S. A black-cock; perhaps cock of spring. *?. W A R E S T A L L , fi. Perhaps a stall for holding wares.*?. W A R F , s. A puny contemptible creature; a dwarf. *?. To WARY, W A R R Y , WARYE, WERRAY, V. a. 1. To curse; to execrate ; Lancash. to wish evil to. *?ee *?.

The time sal cum, quhen Turnus sal perfay Hate and warye this spulye and this day.

Doug. Virgil, 335, 10. 644

Thay curs and wary fast this vengeabil were. Ibid. 368, 40.

" The day, the day, the terrible day sail cum quhen the unhappy avaricious man sail warry the time that ever he had the brother, or sone, to quharae he bure sic fleschelie and ungodlie favour, as to steir him up to be ane gydare and rewlar of Christis floke, quhilk culd not gyde himself. The malheurius prince sail warry the tyme that ever he tuke on hym the charge, quhilk wes na wayis convenient for him." Abbot of Crosraguell. Compend.Tractive, Keith's Hist. App. p. 203. 2. T o bring a curse upon ; wariit, wareit, really ac­cursed. " About this tyme deceissit the wariit creature Macho-

mete, quilk was in the tyme of kyng Ferquhart." Bellend. Cron. B. ix. c. 21. " Cursit and wariit is he that honouris nocht his father

and mother." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, Fol. 7, b. Thane wareit war thy weirdis and wanhap,

Maitland Poems, p. 163. It occurs in O.E. " Than he began to warye and to swere." Wiclif,

Matt. xxvi. " I wari-ye, I banne or curse.—This is a farre northren

terme;" Palsgraue. A.S. weri-an, waerg-ian, waerig-an, maledicere, execrari.

Moes.G. warg-ian, damnare, and wroh-jan, accusare, seem radically the same, Junius views A.S. wreg-an, to accuse, as formed from werig-an, to curse; Gl. Goth. V. W A R -RACH.

WARYING, S, A curse; an execration. " And to ilkane of thir cursingis & waryingis afore re-

hersit, the peple ansuerd Amen." Abp. Hamiltoun's Cate­chisme, Fol. 7, b.

To W A R Y , v. a. To alter, for vary. Bot laith me war, but vther offences or cryme, Ane rural body suld intertrik my ryme, Thocht sum wald swere, that I the text haue waryit, Or that I haue this volume quite myscaryit,

Doug. Virgil, Pref. 11, 55. To W A R Y , v. a. To defend ; to protect. *?. W A R I D R A G , s. A puny hog or young sheep that

loiters behind the flock. V. W A L L I D R A G , *?. W A R Y D R A G G E L , s. « One who.is draggled with mire," S.B. " —They saw how blubber'd an' droukit the peer wary-

draggels war fan they cam in." Journal from London, p. 7. Far wary-draggle, an' sharger elf, I hae the gear upo' my skelf, Will make them soon lay down their pelf,

Forbes's Shop Bill, Ibid. p. 12. V. WALLIDRAG and WHIG.

W A R I N G , s. Wares ; as synon. with Gudis. S. To W A R Y S , v. a. To guard; to defend.

King Arthur Jhesu besoght, seymly with sight, " As thou art soverane God, sickerly, and syre, " At thow wald warys fra wo Wavane the wight!"

Gawan and Gol. iv. 1. Su.G. waer-a, waer-ia, id, L.B. guar-ire, tueri, pro-

tegere. A.Bor. warist is evidently allied ; " that hath conquered any disease or difficulty; and is secure against the future;" Grose.

WARISON, WARYSOUN, WARESONE, S. Reward. —And hycht all Fyfe in warysoun Till him, that mycht othir ta or sla Robert the Bruce, that wes his fa.

Barbour, ii. 206. MS. Luve preysis, but comparesone, Both gentill, sempill, generall;

W A R W A R And of fre will gevis waresone, As fortoun chansis to befall.

Scott, Bannatyne Poems, p. 192. Lord Hailes renders it " remedy, recovery." In this

case it would be from Fr. guarison, id. from guarir, guerir, to heal. But it seems rather to signify, reward.

This is its signification in O.E. —Alle that him serued he brouht to warisoun.

R. Brunne, p. 24. Chaucer uses this terra for merite, in the original of

Rom. Rose. Tyrwhitt observes that warysoun is dona-tivum, Prompt. Parv. Garysoun, wareson, reward, riches; Gl. R. Glouc. I apprehend that Fr. guerdon, and E. reward, are both

from the same origin with this ; which probably is Su.G. waerd, pretium, or waerd, dignus; Moes.G. wairths. For a reward is that which is given to one who is accounted worthy in some respect. As used by Gower, it seems merely to signify provision,

sustenance. M y father here hath but a lyte Of waryson, and that he wende Had all be lost, but nowe amende H e may well through your noble grace.

Conf. Am. Fol. 26, b. col. 1. W A R I S O N , s. Expl. « Note of assault."

Either receive within thy towers Two hundred of m y master's powers, Or straight they sound their warison, And storm and spoil thy garrison.

Lay of the Last Minstrel, C. iv. 21. This seems radically different from the preceding; per­

haps q. war-sound, from Fr. guerre, and son. To W A R K , W E R K , V. n. To ache, A. Bor. yerk, S.

For quhy throw falset and subtillitie, Thay chaist away Justice, and Equitie, For laik of quhilks my heid dois work and yaik, And all my body trymbill dois and schaik.

Lament. L. Scoil. A. ii. 6. The Ingliss men tuk playnly part to fie, On horssis some, to strenthis part can found. To socour thaim, with mony werkand wound.

Wallace, iii. 204. M S . In edit. 1648, absurdly rendered working. A.S. waerc, Su.G. waerk, dolor; hitfwudwaerk, capitis

dolor, a head-ache; waerk-a, dolere; werk, Chaucer, id. A. Bor. work, a pain or ache. See Sup.

WARK, W A R K E , S. 1. Work, S. See Sup. " — T h e ministerie, as I have said, is ane warke, and

no idleteth," Bruce's Eleven Serm. A a. 8. a. " Work bears witness of wha well does;" Ramsay's S.

Prov. p. 74. 2. In pi. The warks o' a lock or key, the ward.

W A R K L Y , adj. Given to work; diligent, S. Germ. wirklich, effective.

W A R K L O O M , s. A tool or instrument for working, in whatever way, S. Thus the term is used as to a pen.

But gowked goose, I am right glad, Thou art begun in write to flyte ; Sen, Lown, thy language I have laid, And put thee to thy pen to write; Now, Dog, I shall thee sae despite, With pricking put thee to sick speid, And cause thee (Curr) that warkloom quite, Syne seek a hole to hide thy head.

V. L O M E . Polwart, Watson's Coll. iii. 3. W A R K M A N , 5. 1. A labourer; one who, in the country, engages in any work he can find; a jobber, S. *?. " So he man be a faithfull and a woorthie warkman."

Bruce's Eleven Serm. A a. 8. b. 645

2. Improperly used for a porter; a bearer of burdens. *?. To H A L D or H A U D a W A R K with one. To make much

of, or much ado about one. S. W A R K - D A Y , S. A day on which one may lawfully work.*?. WARK.fi. A fortification ; as in Burnswark. *?. W A R L D , s. 1. The world, S. *?ee Sup.

I wow to God, that has the warld in wauld. Wallace, x. 579.

Su.G. wereld, id., which has been deduced from Moes.G. wairs, Isl. ver, man, and alld, old, (aetas) age. 2. A great multitude, S.

Standing there, I sawe A warld of folk, and by thaire contenance Thair hertis semyt full of displesance.

King's Quair, iii. 9. 3. It's new worlds, i. e. a complete change of cus­toms has taken place. S.

W A R L D L I E , adj. 1. Belonging to the world. 2. Secular; temporal. 3. Parsimonious ; as, a warldlie body. S.

W A R L D - L I K E , adj. Having nothing unnatural or mon­strous in one's appearance ; like the rest of mankind.*?.

W A R L D ' S G E A R . Worldly substance. *?. N A E W A R L D ' S G E A R . Nothing of any description. *?. W A R L D ' S - W A S T E R , S. A complete spendthrift. *?. W A R L D ' S - W O N D E R , S. A person whose conduct is noto­

rious and surprising. Warld's wunner, Aberd. *?. W A R L I E S T , adj. Most wary ; used metaph.

" Yone is the warliest wane," said the wise king, That ever I wist in m y walk in all this warld wyde. And the straitest of stuf with richese to ring, With unabasit bernys bergane to abide.

Gawan and Gol. ii. 15. Instead of wist, it is vist edit. 1508. The meaning is, " Yonder house is the best defended."

A.S. waerlic, cautus. W A R L O , s. A term used to denote a wicked person.

Hud-pykis, hurdars and gadderaris, All with that warlo went.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 28. This is the account given of Couatyce, or Covetousness,

personified. I haif ane quick divill to m y wyfe, That haldis me evir in sturt and stryfe : That wa?io, and sche wist That I wald come to this gud toun, Sche wald call me fals ladrone loun. And ding me in the dust. W e men that hes sic wickit wyvis In grit languor we leid our ly vis, A y dreiflaud in diseiss. Lyndsay, S. P. R. ii. 6.

It is sometimes used as an adj. Thus the title of a poem in the Evergreen is,

A bytand ballat on warlo wives, That gar thair men live pinging lives. I. 51.

The term, throughout the poem, is synon. with evil. especially in reference to the temper, A.S. waer-loga, a hypocrite, a covenant-breaker; a wicked person; com­pounded of waere, a covenant, and logo, a liar.

W A R L O C K , s. A wizard; a man who is supposed to be in compact with the devil, or to deal with familiar spirits, S. " Warlock in Scotland is applied to a man whom the

vulgar suppose to be conversant with spirits;" Johns. Diet. " This Barton's wife had been likewise taken with

him, who declared that she never knew him to have been a warlock before; and he likewise declared, that he never

W A R W A R

knew her to have been a witch before." Satan's Invisible World, p. 87. .

A curious anecdote is told concerning the justly cele­brated John Napier of Merchistoun, inventor of the loga­rithms, who, during great part of the time when he was making his calculations, resided at Gartness in the parish of Drymen, "He used frequently, in the evening, to walk out in

his night gown and cap. This, with some things which to the vulgar appeared rather odd, fixed on him the cha­racter of a warlock. It was firmly believed, and currently reported, that he was in compact with the devil; and the time he spent in study was spent in learning tbe black art, and holding conversation with Old Nick." P. Killearn, Stirlings. Statist. Ace. xvi. 108. Sibb. views warlo as synon. with this term. But I have

met with no proof that it is ever used in relation to sor­cery. Warlock seems radically different, bearing strong marks of affinity to Isl. vardlok-r, an incantation, or magi­cal song used for calling up evil spirits. Carmen quod-dam magicum quo concinne cantato invitantur mali genii ad indicandum futura ; Verel. Ind. p. 284. It seems to have been a received opinion in this

country, that the devil gave all those, who entered into his service, new names, by which they were to be called in all their nocturnal meetings; and that, if any one of them was accidentally designed by his or her proper name, the spell was dissolved. V. Satan's Invisible world, p. 14. The same idea prevailed in Iceland. It was also believed

in that country, that the souls of those, acquainted with magical arts, left their bodies in a sort of lifeless state, when they made those expeditions through the air, which were called Hamfarir, and which were undertaken for magical purposes.

W A R L O C K F E C K E T . An under waistcoat woven of water-snake skins, at a certain time of a March moon. .?.

W A R L O C K R Y , S. Magical skill. *?. W A R L O T , s. A varlet. *?. W A R M , s. The act of warming, S.

This morning raw, gin ye've all night been out, That ye wad thole a warm I makna doubt.

Ross's Helenore, p. 78. To W A R N , v. a. Corr. from Warrant. S. To W A R N E , v. a. To refuse. See Sup.

The Dowglas then his way has tane Rycbt to the horss, as be him bad; Bot he that him in yhemsell had, That wamyt hym dispitously. Barbour, ii. 137. M S . Thus tretyt he, and cheryst wondyr fair Trew Scottis men that fewte maid him thar, And gaiff gretly feill gudis at he wan ; He warnd it nocht till na gud Scottis man.

Wallace, vi. 777. MS. In old editions, it is changed to spared. It is also used in a neut. sense. And swa the land abandownyt he, That durst nane wame to do his will.

Barbour, iv. 392. M S . A.S. wern-an, wyrn-an, to refuse, to deny ; whence

waemung, denial, wearne, repugnance, obstacle. Su.G. Isl. warn-a, prohibere, denegare. These may perhaps be traced to Moes.G. war-jan, prohibere. Ihre views Gr. uftn-tofi-ai, nego, as a cognate term.

To W A R N I S , v. a. To warn. S.B. A.S- warnig-an, id. W A R N I S I N , *. Warning ;" I'vegien ye warnisin." S. To W A R N Y S , v. a. To furnish a castle, or any forti­fied place, with that provision which is necessary, whe­ther for defence, or for the support of the defenders.

646

Till Edinburgh he went in hy, With gud men in till cumpany, And set a sege to the castell; That than was warnyst wondre weill With men and wyttallis, at all rycht, Swa that it dred na mannys fycht.

Barbour, x. 311, M S . —Thai sa styth saw the castell, And with that it was warnyst weill; And saw the men defend thaim swa, That thai nane hop had thaim to ta.

Ibid. iv. 102, MS. It is used by R. Brunne, p. 293. His vitaile he has purueid in Brigges forto be, His wynes were ther leid, & wamised that cite.

Su.G. waern-a, to defend, to protect; whence waern, a fortification, a castle, or the walls surrounding a castle. Germ, warn-en, munire, instruere armis. Fr. garn-ir is evidently from this source; and, among other things, sig­nifies, to furnish, to fortify a weak place. Ihre derives waerna from waer, custodia, and naa, capere, q. to keep guard.

W A R N S T O R , s. Provisions laid up in a garrison, for the sustenance of those to w h o m the defence of it is committed.

Than Wallace said, Falowis, I mak yow knawin, The purwyance, that is within this wanys, W e will nocht tyne ; ger sembyll all at anys, Gar wern Ramsay, and our gud men ilkan; I will remain quhill this warnstor be gan.

Wallace,ix. 1197, MS. It is one word in M S . In edit. 1648, I will remain till all the stuffe be gone.

Warinstour, as used by R. Brunne, is expl. " defence, fortification;" Gl. Hearne.

That castelle hight Pilgrym, of alle it bare the flour; The Sarazins kept it that tym for ther chefe warinstour.

P. 180. It seems properly to signify, magazine, or a strong-hold

for preserving provisions. From Su.G. waern-a, to defend, or waern, a fortifica­

tion, and store, Germ, steur, used nearly in the same sense as the E. word; vectigal, collecta. Thus the idea is, store laid up in a place of defence. By a similar composition, Alem. heristeura signifies military pay; brandsteur, a col­lection of combustibles; and Sw. krigs-behoer, stores for an army or town.

To W A R P , v. a. I. To throw. The Erie tauld him all his cass, H o w he wes chasyt on the se, With thaim that suld his awyn be; And how he had bene tane, but dout, Na war it that he warpyt owt All that he had, him lycht to ma; And swa eschapyt thaim fra. Barbour, iii. 642, MS. Sum bad vnclois the ciete, and als fast Warp up the portis, and wide the wallis cast To the Troyanis. Doug. Virgil, 432, 4.

2. To warp wourdis, to speak; to utter; with the prep. out or furth.

Skarsly the auld thir wourdis had warpit out, Quhen sone the are begouth to rumbill and rout.

Doug. Virgil, 62, 3. And he aboue him furth warpis sic sawis.

Ibid. 143, 53. This is a Lat. idiom. Taliaque illacrymans mutaejace verba favillae,

Propert. 2, 1, 77. Isl. Moes.G. wairp-cm, warp-a, Belg. werp-en, id. A. 8.

weorp-an, wurp-an, abjicere.

W A R W A R W A R P , S. A designation in reckoning oysters, being \. the term used for four, Loth.

" A hundred, as sold by the fishers contains 33 warp, equal to six score and twelve. The retail hundred con­tains only 30 warp. Four oysters make a warp." P. Preston-pans, Statist. Ace. xvii. 69. This is undoubtedly from the v. warp, to throw, to cast;

as, in like manner, a cast of herring includes four. Both terms allude to the act of the fishermen, in throwing down a certain number at a time, when counting their fish.

To W A R P , V. n. T o open ; patere, Virg. For bot thou do, thir grete durris, but dred, And grislie yettis sail neuer warp on bred.

Doug. Virgil, 164, 25. The hundreth grete durris of that hous with thys At thare awin willis warpit wyde, I wys.

V. preceding v. Ibid. 163, 32. To W A R P , v. a. T o surround ; to involve.

Thre velis tho, as was the auld manere, In wourschip of Erix he bad doun quel, And ane blak yow to God of tempestis fol: Syne chargit all thare cabillis vp beliue, His awin hede warpit with ane snod oliue.

Doug. Virgil, 153, 53. And vther thre Eurus from the deip wallis Cachit amang the schaldis, bankis of sand, Dolorus to se them, schap of ground, and stand, Like as ane wall with sand warpid about.

Ibid. 16, 36. This is undoubtedly the same with E. wrap. Dan. wraf-

fla samen, implicare; Isl. reif-a, fasciis involvere, reif-ar fasciae.

W A R P I N G , s. A mode of making embankments by driv­ing in piles, and intertwining them with wattles. *?.

To W A R P L E , v. a. To intertwine so as to entangle. *?. To W A R P L E , V. n. 1. T o be intertwined; applied to children who, in tumbling and tossing, twist their limbs one through another. 2. Used in a moral sense to de­note the confusion of any business. *?.

T b W A R R A C H , v. n. (gutt.) The term warrachandis applied to those who, from impetuosity of temper, are given to scolding, or to the use of abusive lan­guage, S. B. It seems radically the same with W A R Y , q. v. Perhaps

Isl. varg-ur, furiosus, is allied. WARRAY, WER R A Y , adj. True ; real.

It is m y purpos nowe til hast Throwch wertu of the Haly Gast, And be werray relatyowne Thare personale successyowne, That has ws in that fredwme set.

Wyntown, vi. Prol. 43. For scho tauld all to the King Thair purpos, and thair ordanyng; And how that he suld haf bene ded, And Sowllis ring in till his steid. And tauld him werray takinnyng This purches wes suthfast thing.

Barbour, xix. 29, M S . Belg. waar, waarachtig, Alem. uuar, Germ, wahr ; Lat.

ver-us, O.Fr. veraie. Wachter apprehends that the root is toaer-en, esse, a word of general use in the Goth, dia­lects; a thing being said to be true, because it is, or really exists. To this source he is disposed to trace the Lat. term. W A R R A L Y , W E R R A L Y , adv. Truly. He gat wyttyng warraly, That Harald occupyid the land. Wyntown, vi. 20.84. Fra that moneth evyrilykly, 647

Evyn to rekyn werrally, August may be sextile Cald. Lbid. ix. 12. 16.

Belg. waarlyk, id. W A R R A N D , s. A surety. V. W A R A N D . S. WARRANDICE, WARANDISS, S. The security given by the seller that the bargain shall be made good to the purchaser; the same with E. Warranty. S.

W A R R A N T , * s. Security. V. W A R A N D . *?. W A R R E N , adj. Of or belonging to the pine tree.

The mekill sillis of the warren tre Wyth wedgeis and with proppis bene diuide.

Doug. Virgil, 365, 14. Belg. vueren, id. V. FIRRON.

W A R R E R , compar. of war, wary; cautus. W A R R Y , adj. Of or belonging to sea-ware. S W A R R O C H , W A R R A C H (gutt.), s. 1. A knotty stick

V. V I R R O C K . 2. A stunted, ill-grown person, or punj" child. 8-

W A R R A C H I E , adj. Rough and knotty, as applied to th e trunk of a tree. *?.

To W A R R O C H (gutt.), v. n. To wallow. *?. W A R R O P , s. Ane warrop, Aberd. Reg. Cent. 16. *?. W A R S , W A R S E , adj. Worse. Waur is generally used.*?.

Bot my hard fatis war wars than thou wenyt. Doug. Virgil, 181,52.

Moes.G. wairs, A.S. wers, id. W A R S C H E , W A R S H , W E R S H , adj. 1. Not salt; not

sufficiently salted. 2. Insipid to the taste, S.; walsh, synon. *?ee Sup. " Eftir thair spawning they grow sa lene and small, that

na thing apperis on thaym bot skyn and bane, and hes sa war sche gust that thay are vnproffitable to eit." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 11. " There is a good old Scotish proverb, * A kiss and a

drink o' water is but a wersh (i. e. insipid) breakfast.' Sine Baccho et Cerere friget Venus, says an ancient." Falls of Clyde, Note, p. 223. 3. Insipid to the mind.

Your arguing will lose it["s] sale, And turn as wersche as saltless kail.

Cleland's Poems, p. 72. 4. Having a feeling of squeamishness, *?. 5. Having a sickly look, S.; used obliquely. See Sup.

Euridices he knewe, Lene and dede like, pitouse & pale of hewe, Richt warsh & wan, & walowit as a wede ; Hir lily lyre was lyke unto the lede.

Henrysone's Traitie of Orpheus Kyng, Edin, 1508. V. W A L S H . Hence,

W A R S H - S T O M A C H ' D , adj. Having a delicate or squea­mish stomach, S. " The head o't was as yallow as biest milk; it was

enough to gi' a warsh-stomack'd body a scunner." Journal from London, p. 3.

To W A R S E L L , W E R S I L L , v.n. To wrestle; to strive, S. Quha with this warld dois warsell and stryfe, And dois his dayis in dolour dryfe, Thocht he in lordschip be possest, He levis bot ane wrechit life.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 58. And eik quha best on fute can ryn lat se, To preif his pith, or wersill, and bere the gre.

Doug. Virgil, 129, 36. Belg. worstel-en, id. Teut. werseUen, reluctari, reniti,

obniti, Kilian; most probably from wers, wars, contrarius, adversus : for what is wrestling, but one opposing another, by an exertion of strength ? From wers is formed O, Teut.

W A R W A R

wers-saem, contrarius, and from wersel-en, werse-linghe, repugnantia, contrarietas. This analogy indicates their radical affinity. It is equally clear, that E. wrestle is a vitiated mode of pronunciation.

W A R S E L L , W A R S T L E , W A R S L E , S. Struggle, S. SeeSup.

The warld's wrack we share o't, The warstle and the care o't. Burns, iv. 15.

W I ' A W A R S L E . With difficulty. *?.

W A R S L E R , W A R S T L E R , S. A wrestler. *?.

WARSEL, s. V. W A R D AND WARSEL. *?. WARSET, adj.

" Or gif they be found in the forest in time of nicht lyand, haueand an home, or ane hound quhilk is called Warset: in that case lauchfol witnes being brocht (to testify the trueth) aucht kye sail be payed." Forest Laws, c. 1. § 2. Skinner seems rightly to derive this from A.S. ware,

observation, caution, and sett-an, to set; as denoting a dog employed by a thief, for watching and interrupting the deer in the forest.

W A R S H - C R O P , s. The third crop from Outfield. S. W A R S T , adj. Worst. The superlative from War. 8. W A R T , in composition of adverbs, is the same with

ward in Mod. Eng., as, inwart, inward, utwart, out­ward. Moes.G. wairths, A.S. weard, Isl. vert; Gl. Wynt. Add Alem. uuerti. Wart, locus, is pro­bably the origin. This Wachter deduces from war, ubi, E. where.

W A R T , W A R D , S. 1. A tumulus or mound thrown up on high ground, in the Orkney and Shetland islands, for the purpose of conveying intelligence. See Sup. " To convey intelligence readily from one place to ano­

ther, and particularly to spread the alarm in case of the approach of an enemy, the latter were generally thrown up on the highest hill, and had fires of wood and other combustible matter lighted on them; and the name of Warts, or Wards, which they at present bear, has a manifest allusion to this circumstance." Barry's Orkney, p. 95. Sometimes these were intended for beacons to direct

navigators. " The ancient inhabitants of these islands set up on the

eminences around the harbours, warts, or marks to direct the course of vessels sailing along the coast, placing one near the point of each arm of the harbour, and a third near the bottom." P. Unst, Shetl. Statist. Ace. v. 184, N. 2. The beacon or fire kindled on the mound. *?.

This is the same with Isl. vard, Su.G. waard, excubiae, custodia, vigilia, E. watch and ward; from vard-a,waard-a, attendere, custodire. Hence Isl. Strandavard, Su.G. strandawaard, excubiae littorales, Ihre; excubiae in lit-tore, Verel.; Botavard, botawaard, excubiae ad specu-las positae, Ihre ; excubiae in promontoriis ad strues ligno-rum incendendas, visa classe hostili; Verel.

W A R T H . s . A n apparition. Syn. Wraith. S. W A R ' T N O R . Had it not been for. *?,• W A R T W E I L , W R A T W E L . S. The name given to the skin above the nail, when fretted, S.

W A R W O L F , W E R W O U F , S. 1. A person supposed to be transformed into a wolf. See Sup.

Throw power I charge the of the Paip, Thow neyther girne, gowl, glowme, nor gaip, Lyke anker saidell, lyke unsell aip, Lyke owle nor alrische elfe :

Lyke fyrie dragon full of feir, Lyke warwolf, lyon, bull nor beir, Bot pass yow hence as thow come heir, In lykenes of thy selfe. Philotus, S.P.R. iii. 46. 648

Wod Werwouf, worm and scorpion vennemous, Lucifer's laid, and foul feynds face infernal.

Kennedie, Evergreen, ii. 61. With warwolfis, and wild cats thy weird be to wander, Dragleit through dirty dubs and dykes Tousled and tuggled with town tykes.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 16. 2. A puny child, or an ill-grown person of whatever age ; pron. warwoof. Ang. A.S. were-wulf, Su.G.warulf, Germ.werwolf, vir-lupus,

lycanthropos, man-wolf. It is undoubtedly the same word which is also pron. wurl, wroul, and worlin, S. used pre­cisely in sense second. Sibb., without any probability, thinks that " warlock may be a corruption of this word." In Fr. the term is inverted ; loup garou, or wolf-man.

Wachter says, that garou is derived from Celt, gur, vir; C.B. gwr, pi. gwerin. Gwr-a, to wed; gwrach, a woman, a wife. There is no good reason to doubt that gwr is radically the same with Goth, wer, man, Isl. vair; and, may we not add Lat. vir ? But as Fr. guai'oul is also used, it is evident that this is merely the Goth, term with g prefixed. Hence it appears that loup, in the other, is redundant.

The Gr. term. *vx,ccvd(>a-7ro;, corresponding in significa­tion to warwolf, was formed from the same idea which prevailed among the Northern nations, that a man might transform himself into the shape of a wolf, and roam in search of prey, actuated by the disposition of that fero­cious animal.

Cornelius Agrippa introduces Virgil, Pliny, and Augus­tine, as attesting this transformation. " Virgill also speaking of certayne hearbes of Pontus,

sayde: With these, O Merim, haue I seene, Oft times a man to haue

The fearfulle shape of wilde wolfe, and Him selfe in woodes to saue.

" And Pliny saithe, that one Demarchaus Pharrhasius in a sacrifice of mans bodie, which the Arcadians offered to Jupiter Liceus, tasted the inwardes of a sacrificed childe & was turned into a wolfe, for the which transformation of men into wolfes Augustine thinketh that Pan was call­ed with another name Liceus, and Jupiter Liceus. The same Augustine [De Civitate Dei, Lib. xviii. c, 18.] doth recompt, that when he was in Italie, certaine women witches, like Circes, when they had giuen inchantments in cheese to straungers, they transformed them into horses, and other beasts of cariage, and when they had caried the burdens that they listed, againe they turned them into men : and that this chaunced at that time to one Father Prestantius." Vanitie of Sciences, Fol. 56, b. Pliny elsewhere rejects this idea; Homines in lupos

verti, rursumque restituti sibi, falsum esse confidenter existimare debemus, aut credere omnia quae fabulosa tot seculis comperiraus. Hist. Lib. viii. c. 28.

Solinus, speaking of the Neuri, a Scythian nation, says; Neuri, ut accepimus, statis temporibus in lupos transfigu-rantur ; dein exacto spatio, quod huic sorti attributnm est, in pristinam faciem revertuntur; c. 15. See Sup.

Some, among whom we may reckon the learned Kilian, have ascribed the origin of this fable to the idea which has been entertained by persons disordered in mind, that they were actually transformed into the likeness of other ani­mals. But Wachter justly rejects this view, as those, who were called lycanthropi, were supposed to produce this change at pleasure, and in consequence of an act of their own wills; whereas the idea, proceeding from disease, has always been a source of suffering. He apprehends that the fable had its origin from those who, at stated times, and for the purpose of celebrating certain mysteries, clothed

W A S W A S themselves in the skins of animals, and that it was propa­gated by those, whose interest it was that it should be believed, that this was a real metamorphosis by the power of the deity whom they worshipped. Finn, in his Dissertation concerning the Speculum Re­

gale, adopts an hypothesis nearly allied to this. H e ob­serves that, as the fable of men being transformed into wolves, was common amongst the ancients in almost every country, it probably originated from the sports, in which persons appeared masked, which were celebrated from time immemorial about the season of Christmas.

Cotgr. explains Loupgarou as if equivalent to Cannibal; " a mankinde wolfe, s«ch a one as being flesht on men and children, will rather starve than feed on any thing else." It is surprising that Verstegan should give credit to all

the fables connected with this term. " The Were Wolvis," he says, " are certain sorcerers, who having their bodies annotated with an ointment, which they make by the in­stinct of the Devil; and putting on a certain inchanted girdle, do not only unto the view of others seem as wolves, but to their own thinking have both the shape and nature of wolves, so long as they wear the said girdle. And they do dispose themselves as very wolves, in wourrying, and killing, and most of humane creatures, " Of such, sundry have been taken and executed in sun­

dry parts of Germany, and the Netherlands. One Peter Stump, for being a Were-wolf, and having killed thirteen children, two women, and one man, was at Bedbur, not far from Cullen, in the year 1589, put unto a very terrible death, the flesh of divers parts of his body was pulled out with hot iron tongs, his arms, thighs and legs broken on a wheel, and his body lastly burnt. He died with very great remorse, desiring that his body might not be spared from any torment, so his soul might be saved." Restitu­tion, pp. 263, 264. Those who wish to have further information on this

subject, may consult Wachter, vo. Werwulf, and Keysler, Antiq. Septent. pp. 453, 494—496. V. W O R L I N . The accounts given, by Isl. writers, of the Berserker, greatly resemble the fables concerning warwolfs. V. E Y T T Y N .

Among the other fanciful names given to pieces of ord­nance, or to engines for throwing stones, we find the War­wolf'mentioned. It was used by Edw. I. at the siege of Stirling. With it, as we learn from Camden, he " pierced with one stone, and cut as even as a thread two vaunt-mures [or outer walls,] as he did before at the siege of Brechin, where Thomas Maile [Maule] the Scots man scoffed at the English artillery, with wiping the wall with his handkercheif, until both he and the wall were wiped away with a shot." Remains, Artillery, p. 266. Matth. of Westminster calls this engine lupus belli, p.

449. Annals of Scotl. I. 279. N. If he has not mistaken the meaning of the terra, as used by the E. in military affairs, it must be understood as having a different origin from that which has been explained. It may seem to con­firm this, that Langtoft [ii. 826.] mentions an engine used at this siege, called a ludgare or lurdare. " This," Lord Hailes has observed, " is plainly a corruption of loup de guerre, lupus belli, warwolf." Annals, ii. 346. Grose views the Lupus mentioned by Procopius, De

Bello Goth. Lib. i. c. 27, as the same instrument with the war-wolf. D u Cange considers it as different, and as only used for defence, vo. Lupus.

W A S , imperf. v. subs. Used in defining the past time; as, " Yesterday was aught days," yesterday week. *?.

WA'S. Used for away. Slips his iva's, slips away. *?. W A S H , W E S C H E , s. Stale urine; especially as used for

the purpose of steeping clothes, in order to their being w>as/W,S. being sometimes substitutedforalie; whence most probably the name. See Sup.

V O L . II. 649

There was a filthy and pernicious use of urine in former times, in the fermentation of ale, in order to make it in­toxicating. £.

And thay can mak withouttyn dowt A kind of aill thay call harnis owt; Wait ye how thay mak that ? A coubroun quene, a laichly lurdane, Off Strang weische sheill tak ajurdane And settis in the pylefat.

Leg. gylefat. Lyndsay, S.P.R ii. 192. 193. This mode of washing, which certainly does not suggest

the idea of great refinement, has probably been transmitted from the Goths. It is retained in Iceland to this day. Van Troil, speaking of the fulling of wadmal, or coarse cloth, says that for this purpose " they make use of urine, which they also employ in washing and bucking, instead of soap and pot-ashes." Letters on Iceland, p. 114. " Learn your gooddam to kirn wash;" Ramsay's S. Prov.

p. 49. This has evidently the same meaning, and has a common origin, with another Proverb; " Learn your Goodam to make kail." This is " spoken to them who officiously offer to teach them who know more than them­selves." Kelly, pp. 233, 234.

Teut. wasch, lotura. W A S H - T U B , s. A large tub or cask into which urine is

collected. Syn. Maister-can. 8. W A S H - W A R D E N , *. A coarse, harsh-tasted winter

pear ; also called Worry-carl. 8. To W A S H W O R D S with one. T o converse in any way.<?. W A S H E R , s. A movable ring put round fixed axle-

trees, &c. in order to prevent the wheels, &c. from having too much play. *?.

W A S I E , adj. 1. Sagacious; quick of apprehension, Ang. A wasie lad, a clever fellow. 2. Apparently in the sense of gay, playful, or lively. *?. Alem. wass, Su.G. hwass, also denote quickness of appre­

hension ; originally signifying any thing that is sharp. Dan. hwas, sharp-witted.

W A S P E T , part. adj. Become thin about the loins. *?. W A S S A L A G E , s. Great achievement; also valour.

V. VASSALAGE.

W A S S E L , s. A vassal. *?. WASSIE, s. A horse-collar. *?. W A S S O C K S , s. pi. L A kind of turban, or stuffed roll of cloth on which milkmaids carry the pails, or stoups, on their heads. 2. A kind of bunch put on a boring jumper, to prevent the water required in boring from spurting up into the quarrier's eyes. *?.

W A S T , adj. West. *?. W A S T L A N D , S. The west country. *?. W A S T L A N D , WASTLIN', adj. Western ; westerly. *?. W A S T L A N D M A N , S. An inhabitant of the West. *?. W A S T E , s. The deserted excavations in a mine. *?. To W A S T E W I N D . To spend one's lungs in vain ; to talk without serving any good purpose. *?.

W A S T E G E , s. A waste ; a place of desolation. S. W A S T E L L . A particular kind of bread.—A thin cake

of oatmeal baked with yeast. *?. " They make not all kindes of bread, as law requyres ;

that is, ane fage, symmell, wastell, pure cleane breade, mixed bread, and bread of trayt." Chalm. Air, c. 9. § 4.

Vastellum, Lat. copy. L.B. wastell-us, id., defined by D u Cange, " a more delicate kind of bread, or cake." Fr. gasteau.

It has generally been supposed, that this was the bread used with the wastell-bowl, in drinking which the Saxons, at their public entertainments, wished health to one an-

4 N

W A T W A T other, in the phrase of Woes heil, i. e. Health be to you. V. Cowel. The origin ascribed to this custom in Eng­land, is so well known, that it is scarcely necessary to mention it. Rowena, the daughter of Hengist, by the counsel of her father, who wished, by the influence of her charms, to have Vortigern king of the Britons completely under his power, presented him with a bowl of wine, at an entertainment given by Hengist, saying, Waes heil, Hlaford Kyning. It seems doubtful, however, whether the term is not

rather derived from Isl. Su.G. veitsla, weitsla, a feast, from wet-a, a v. used to denote the invitation of many guests. Isl. blotveitzlor, in p). commessationes sacrae.

W A S T E L L . Willie Wastell, a game of children ; simi­lar to the E. game of Tom Tickler. S.

To W A S T E R , v. a. To squander; to waste. S. W A S T E R , S. A detached bit of the wick which causes

a candle to run down ; otherwise, a thief. 8. WASTERFUL.WAsTERFOw.arfj. 1.Destructive; devasta­

ting. 2. Prodigal; lavish ; unnecessarily expensive.*?. W A S T R I E , adj. Prodigal;" a wastrie person." *?. WASTRiFE.arf/'. Prodigal; wasteful. *?. W A S T R I F E , s. The same with Wastery. S. W A S T E R Y , W A S T R I E , S. 1. Prodigality ; wastefulness.

2. W h a t is wasted. *?. W A S T E R , s. A kind of trident for striking salmon.*?, W A S T I N G , s. A consumption ; a decline, S. Waste,

A. Bor. id. See Sup. WASTLE, adv. To the westward of. *?. To W A T , v. n. To know. V. WAIT, W A T , s. Moisture. V. WEIT. *?. W A T , W A T E , adj. 1. Wet; moist, S.

In heuy wate frog stade and cbargit sore, Thay gan with im wappynnis me inuade.

Doug. Virgil, 176, 1. 2. Addicted to intemperance in drinking; as, " They're gey wat lads thae." *?. A.S. waet, Dan. waad, humidus; A.S. waet-an, humec-

tare. V. WEIT, S.

W A T , W A T T I E , fi. Abbrev. of the name Walter. 8. W A T A K I N G , W A Y T A K I N G , S. The act of carrying off,

or taking away ; generally by theft or violence. *?. W A T C H - M A I L , W A T C H - M E A L , S. A duty imposed for maintaining a garrison. *?,

W A T C H M A N , * s. The uppermost grain in a stalk of corn ; also called the Pawm. 8.

W A T E , s. 1. A watchman ; a sentinel. See Sup. Misenus the wate on the hie garrit seis, And with his trumpet thame ane takin maid.

Doug. Virgil, 75, 42.

The minstrels, who go about playing in the night sea­son, both in S. and E., especially before the new year, are called waits ; not, as Skinner supposes, because they wait on magistrates, &c, but because they seem to have been anciently viewed as a sort of watchmen. Thev word was written wayghtes, in the reign of Edw. III.;" players," says Ritson, " on the hautboy or other pipes during the night, as they are in many places at this day." E. Metr. Rom. I. Dissert, on Romance, & Minstrelsy, CCXCVII. N.

Teut. wachte, excubiae, castrensis vigilia; et viriles excubitores, (Kilian) from wacht-en, vigilare; Moes.G. wahts, vigilia; L.B. guet-a, guett-a, gait-a, vigil; O.F. gaite, aguayt. 2. A place of ambush. At the wate, in wait.

Aruns by his mortale fate Into myscheuus dede predestinate,

650

Circulis at the wate, and espyis about The swift madin Camilla. Doug. Virgil, 392, 22. Thys foresaid Aruns, liggand at the wate, Seand this mayde on flocht at sic estate, Chosis hys tyme that was maist oportune, And towart hir his dart addressit sone.—Ibid. 393,27. About hym walkis as his godly feris, Drode with pale face, Debait and mortall Weris, The Wrayth and Ire, and eik fraudfull Dissait, Licarina" vnder couert at ane buschement or wate. ° 8 Ibid. 421,7,

W A T E R , W A T T E R , S. I. A river, or pretty large body of running water, S. * " Baith seys and watteris geuis be vnjust merchis als

mekle to sum landis, as thay reif fra vther." Bellend. Descr. Alb. c. 1, Bellenden generally uses it to denote a river, sometimes

as distinguished from a rivulet. " Sindry small burnis discendis fra the hillis of Cheuiot,

and vthir montanis lyand thair about deuiding Cumbir fra Annardail, and fallis in the watter of Sulway;" Ibid. c. 5. Solveum fluvium, Boeth. It is also used when amnis occurs in the original; Ibid. See Sup.

It does not appear that A.S. waeter denoted a body of running water. Nor is Ir. uisge, ease, mentioned in Dic­tionaries as having a similar sense. But it is reasonable to suppose, that this was the case in ancient times; as we find it in the composition of tbe names of many places situated on rivers. Besides, esh and watter, in some parts of S., are promiscuously used to denote a river. Thus,in Angus, North Esk is most commonly called The Nord Watter, and South Esk Tke Soud Watter. Germ, wasser is used in the sense of river, torrent, &c.

V. Wachter. 2. A s a generic word, it denotes any body of running water, whether great or small, S. " Rivers in Scotland are very frequently called waters''

Pennant's Tour in S. 1769, p. 93. N. Bellenden's orthography of the word marks the pron.

universally retained in S., except in the Southern coun­ties, where it is sounded q. waitter. 3. The ground lying on the banks of a river, S.

" The water, in the mountainous districts of Scotland, is often used to express the banks of the river, which are the only inhabitable parts of the county." Minstrelsy, Border, I. 109. N.

4. The inhabitants ofa tract of country watered by a certain river or brook, S.

Gar warn the water, braid and wide, Gar warn it sune and hastilie I

They that winna ride for Telfer's kye, Let them never look in the face o' me !

Minstrelsy, Border, i. 103, " To RAISE the water,—was to alarm those who lived

along its side." N. Ibid. p. 109. W A T E R - B E R R Y , S. Watergruel. V. BREAD-BERRY, *?.

W A T E R - B R A S H , *. A disease consisting in a sense of heat in the epigastrium, with copious eructations of aqueous humour, S. the Pyrosis of Cullen. See Sup.

W A T E R - B R O O , S. Watergruel. *?.

WATER-BROSE, S. Brose made of meal and water only,*?. WATER-CORN,*. The grain paid by farmers for uphold­ing the dams and races of Thirlage mills. S.

W A T E R - C O W , S. A sort of spirit of the waters, believed to inhabit inland lakes. *?.

W A T E R - C R A W , S. The water ouzel, S. Sturnus cinclus, Linn. Statist. Ace. xvii. 249. See Sup.

WATERFALL,* S. V. WATERSHED. *?.

W A T E R F A S T , < K # . Capable of resisting the force of rain.*?.

W A T W A U To W A T E R - F U R , V. a. To form furrows in ploughed ground for draining off the water. S.

W A T E R G A N G , S. 1. The race ofa mill.

" The parliament hes statute and ordanit, that the breif vnder writtin, haue cours quhil the nixt parliament, alla-nerly of watergangis, that is to say, of mylne leidis and nane vther thingis." Acts, Ja. I. 1433. c. 149. Edit. 1566. 2. A servitude giving a person privilege to draw water along his neighbour's ground to water his own. *?.

W A T E R G A T E , *. " I'll watch your Watergate ;" S. Prov.; That is, " I'll watch for an advantage over you." *?.

WATE R - H O R S E , S. The Water Kelpie. V. KELPIE, *?.

W A T E R - K A I L , S. Broth made without any meat in it. *?. WATER-KELPIE, S. The spirit of the waters. V. KELPIE.

W A T E R - M O U S E , W A T E R - R O T T E N , *. The water-rat, *?.

W A T E R - M O U T H , S. The mouth of a river, vulgarly Watter-mow, S.B. Thus the mouth of South Esk is denominated in Angus. " Prout eaedem piscariae et lie cruiffies respective bon-

dantur et jacent a lie water-mouth dictae aquae de Done." —Chart. K. Ja. VI. 1617. State, Fraser of Fraserfield, p. 298. Lie seems an errat. for le. " In the mean time, I'd beglad to see one of the original

charters granted by the town to the heritors of Nether Don, to know whether they have got a right to the town's fishing 'twixt the water mouths, or if the town gave it lo the heritors of Dee." Lett. 1727, State, Fraser of Fraser­field, p. 320. " —Through a great speat, of the water of Dee, thir

haill four ships brake loose—and were driven out at the water-mouth by violence of the speat." Spalding's Troubles, L 60.

WATER-PURPIE, S. Common brooklime; an herb, S. Ve­ronica beccabunga, Linn. It seems to receive the latter part of its designation from its being somewhat of a purple colour. It is also called Horsewellgrass, S. *?ee*?.

WATER-SHED, S. The highest ground in any part of a country, from which rivers descend in opposite direc­tions, S. See Sup. " Strathcluony, in Inverness-shire—is a very high inland

tract, being the water-shed of the country between the two seas." Prize Essays, Highl. Soc. S. ii. 20.

WATER-SLAIN Moss. " As peat earth is readily dif­fused in water and carried off; wherever it comes again to be deposited, we have water-born peat, or, as it is sometimes called by our country people, water-slain moss." Dr. Walker, Prize Essays, Highl. Soc. S. ii. 13.

WATER-STOUP, S. 1. A bucket for carrying water. 2. The common periwinkle; Turbo terebra, Linn. *?.

WATE R - T A T H , S. Luxuriant grass proceeding from ex­cess of moisture. V. T A T H . *?.

W A T E R - W A D E R , S. A very bad home-made candle. *?. WATER-WAGTAIL, S. The wagtail or Motacilla. *?.

WATER-WRAITH, S. The spirit of the waters, S.B. V.

WRAITH. See Sup.

To BURN THE W A T E R . To kill salmon by torchlight. *?. To G A E D O W N THE W A T E R . To go to wreck; to be totally lost; like corn carried down a river by a flood. *?.

To R I D E T H E W A T E R . He's no to ride the water on, he

is not to be depended on ; like a stumbling horse, who might drown one in crossing a ford. *?.

W A T E R , s. The name given to a disease of sheep.*?. W A T E R K Y L E , s. Meadow-ground possessed by the tenants of an estate by rotation. Syn. Alterkyle, per­haps a change by lot of the share. V. CAVEL. <?.

651

W A T H , s. A ford. " The small river, Kirtle, touches the N.E. part of the

parish, & the Solway Firth, or Booness water, as it is called, as its Southern boundary." P. Dornack, Dumfries. Statist. Ace. ii. 15. " The same Scottiswath is also called Myreford by old

English writers." Pinkerton's Enquiry, II. 207. A.S. wad, Belg. waede, Lat. vad-um.

WATLING STRETE, VATLANT STREIT. A term, used to denote the milky way.

Of euery sterne the twynkling notis he, That in the stil heuin moue cours we se, Arthurys hufe, and Hyades betaiknyng rane, Syne Watting strete, the H o m e , and the Charle wane.

Doug. Virgil, 85, 43. Henrysone uses it in the same sense, in his account of

the journeys of Orpheus, first to heaven, and then to hell, in quest of his wife Euridice.

Quhen endit was the sangis lamentable, H e tuke his harp, and on his brest can hyng, Syne passit to the hevin, as sais the fable, To seke his wife : but that auailit no thing. By Wadlyng strete he went but tarying; Syne come down throw the spere of Saturn aid, Quhilk fader is of all thir sternis cald.

Traitie of Orpheus, Edin. 1508. " It aperis oft in the quhyt circle callit Circulus Lacteus,

the quhilk the marynalis callis Vatlant Streit." Compl. S. p. 90. It has received this designation, in the same manner as

it was called by the Romans Via Lactea, from its fancied resemblance to a broad street or causeway, being as it were paved with stars. The street itself, it is said, was thus denominated "from one Vitellianus, supposed to have superintended the direction of it; the Britons calling Vi­tellianus, in their language, Guetalin." Statist. Ace. xvi. 325. N.

WATRECK^'wfer/. Expressive of astonishment; some­times perhaps of commiseration. V. R A I K , *. 2. *?.

WAT T E L , s. V. W A T T L E . *?. W A T T Y . Ye look like Watty to the worm, your look expresses disgust or great reluctance. *?.

WATTIE.fi. A blow; a stroke, Ang. Su.G. hwat, celer ? W A T TIE, s. An eel, anguilla. *?. W A T T I R T E I C H , adj. Watertight. *?. W A T T L E ; s. A tax paid in Shetland. See Sup.

" Another payment exacted by the grantees of the Crown, is called the Wattle, In the beginning of the 16th century, when Popery blinded mankind, tbe priests begged, from these islands, money under the name of Wattte, in consideration of the extraordinary benefit which the people were to receive from the liberal distri­bution of holy water among them." P. Northmaven, Shetl. Statist. Ace. xii. 353.

W A T T L E , fi. A billet of wood. *?. T b W A U B L E , v.n. « To swing; to reel,"Gl. Burns, S.O.

That day ye was a jinker noble, For heels an' win' 1

An' ran them till they a' did wauble, Far, far behin'. Burns, iii. 142.

Perhaps rather, to hobble. See Sup. W A U C H , s. Wall.

A y as the gudwyf brocht in,; Ane scorit upon the wauch.—Peblis to the Plav, st. 11.

A.S. wah, paries; A. Bor. wogh, id. This marks the antiquity of the custom, retained to this

day, in country tippling-houses, of marking the bill with chalk on the wall, or behind the door.

W A V W A U

W A U C H I E , adj. Sallow and greasy. 8. W A U C H I E (gutt.), adj. Swampy. *?• To W A U C H L E , v. n. 1. To move from side to side in walking, like a young child. 2. To walk after a fa­tigued manner; W A U C H L I N G , walking, yet almost exhausted. 8.

To W A U C H L E , V. a. 1. To fatigue very much. 2. To puzzle. 8.

To WAUCHT, W A C H T OUT, W A U G H T , W A U C H , v.a. To quaff; to swig ;'to take large draughts, S.

And for thir tithingis, in flakoun and in skull Thay skynk the wyne, and wauchtis cowpys full.

Doug. Virgil, 210, 6. Do waucht and drink, bring cowpis full in handis,— And with gude will do skynk and birll the wynis.

Ibid. 250, 47. So Sathan led men steidfast be the mane; That natter Lord nor Knicht he lute alane, Except his coup war wachtit out alway, Seasonit with blaspheme, sacrilige, disdayne, All godlie lyf and cheritie to slay.

Thus Nicol Burne, an apostate, writes of the Reforma­tion ; Chron. S.P. iii. 454.

And, as thai talkit at the tabil of mony taill funde, Thay wauchit at the wicht wyne, and warit out

wourdis; And syne thai spak more spedelie.and sparitno materis.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 46. Here wauch is used, and rather as a n. v. Sibb. supposes, without any sufficient ground, that it is

" probably from Queych, a drinking cup." Rudd., with more verisimilitude, refers to A.S, veaht, irriguus. For the primary idea seems to be that of moistening the throat well. Isl. vokua, madefieri, Teut. weyck-en, macerare. V. WAK.

E. swig is probably from a common origin, s being pre­fixed. Johns, derives it from Isl. swiga. H e seems to have mistaken the word used by Junius, which is Isl. siug-a, sorbere, rather sugere. This may indeed be the root of the E. word. For a child is said to wacht, S. when sucking so forcibly as to swallow a considerable quantity at once. See Sup.

W A U C H T , W A U G H T , S. A large draught of any liquid, S. Neist, " O !" cries Halbert, " cou'd your skill But help us to a waught of ale, I'd be oblig'd t' ye a' m y life."

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 527. To W A U E . v. a. " To toss ; to agitate."

Quhat auenture has brocht the leuand hidder ? Quhidder wauit wilsum by storme of the sey, Or at command of goddis, cum thou, quod he ?

Doug. Virgil, 182, 41. A.S. waf-ian, fluctuare.

To W A V E L , v. a. To move backwards and forwards ; to wave.

He mov'd his shoulders, head did fling, From van to rear, from wing to wing. Some were alledging, that had good skill, He could not speak if be had stood still. Like some school boy, their lessons saying, W h o rocks like fidlers a playing. Like Gilbert Burnet when he preaches, Or like some lawyers making speeches; He making hands, and gown, and sleives wamel, Half singing vents this reavel ravel.

Ckland's Poems, p. 107. From the same origin with W A U I L and WEFFIL, q. v.

W A V E L , fi. A slug or worm found in bakehouses, among the flour scattered on the earthen floor. *?.

652

W A V E L O C K , s. An instrument for twisting ropes of straw, hay, rushes, &c. Syn. Thrawcrook. 8.

To W A V E R , * W A W E R , V. n. 1. To wander ; from A.S. waf-ian.

And in that myrk nycht wawerand will, &c. Wyntown, vi. 13. 105,

V. W I L L , adj. and H A M A L D , adj. sense 2. I have not observed that the word is used in this literal

sense in E. V. B E L L - W A V E R . 2. To exhibit slight symptoms of delirium, in conse­quence of fever or some other disease. *?.

To WAUEF, v. n. To wave. V. W A F F . *?. To WAUFLE, v. n. To waver in the air, as snow,

chaff, or any light substance. *?. W A U F L E , S. A slight fall of snow. *?, W A U G H , W A U C H , adj. 1. Unpleasant to the taste;

nauseous, S. " It tasted sweet i' your mou', bat fan anes it was down

your wizen, it had an ugly knaggim, an' a wauch wa-gang," Journal from London, p. 3. 2. A heavy, damp, unwholesome smell; as that of a newly-opened grave. 3. In a moral sense, bad, worth­less ; as, waughfouk, worthless or disorderly people.*?. Teut. walghe, nausea, walgh-en, nauseare, walghigh, nau-

seosus. Isl. mig velger, nauseo, velge, nausea. But this is only a secondary sense. The primary meaning of the Isl. v. velg-ia is, tepefacere; G. Andr. p. 257. The transition is very natural; as liquids in a tepid state excite nausea.

WAUINGEOUR, WAUYNGOUR, S. A vagabond; "a fugitive.

Rutulianis, hynt your wappinnis, and follow me, Quham now yone wauingeour, yone ilk strangere, Affrayis so wyth hys vnwourthy were.

Doug. Virgil, 417,32, Lye, (Addit. Jun. Etym.) properly refers to wafe, bestia

©l*ratlC9 "V ^ V A F F

To W A U K , W A U L K , W A L K , v. a. 1. To full cloth, to thicken it, S. pron. wauk. " The sheep supply them with wool for their upper

garments ; this, when spun and woven, is fulled, or walked, as they term it, in a particular manner by the women." Garnet's Tour, I. 157. The idea of Dr. Garnet, as to the origin of the term, is

similar to that of Skinner, (vo. Walker, fullo.) He derives it from the circumstance of the women sitting round the board and cloth, and " working it with their feet, one against another." " It is this part of the operation," he says, " which is properly called walking, and it is on this account that fulling mills, in which water and machinery are made to do the work of these women, are in Scotland and the north of England frequently called walk-milts." Ibid. p. 158.

The custom, of fulling cloth with the feet, would seem anciently to have been also practised in England.

Cloth that cometh fro the weuing is notcomely to wear, Til it he fulled vnder fate, or in fulling stocks, Washen well wyth water, and with tasels cratched,] Touked and teynted, and vnder taylours hande.

Pierce PI. p. 84. b, 2, T o make close and matted. 3. T o render callous ; as when the palm of the hand is hardened by severe work.*?.

W A U K I T N E S S , S. Callousness. *?. Su.G. walk-a, pressare, volutare, ut solent, qui fulloniam

exercent; Belg. walck-en, Ital. gualc-are, id. Ray and Skinner view Lat. calc-are, to tread, as the origin. This has great appearance of probability, especially as A.S. swurner, a fuller, is from swem-ettan, calcitrare, concul-cando agitare. But there is one difficulty. The synon.

W A U W A W A.S. term weakere is undoubtedly from weak-an, volvere, revolvere, to roll; whence weak, a revolution. This A.S. v., however, is viewed by Somner and Johns, as the origin of E. walk, to go.

To W A U K , V. n. To shrink in consequence of being wetted, S.

W A U K E R , W A U K - M I L L E R , fi. A fuller, S. walker, Lan-cash. Belg. walcker, Su.G, walkare, Germ, waukmul-ler. V. the v. See Sup.

W A U K - M I L L , W A U L K - M I L L , fi. A fulling-mill, S. A walk-mill, A.Bor. " The parish—has within itself, or is in the close neigh­

bourhood, of mills of many kinds, not only meal-mills, but flour-mills, waulk-mills, lint-mills, barley-mills, and malt-mills." P. Calder, Iuvern. Statist. Ace. iv. 353. Germ, walk-muhle, id.

ZbWAUK, v. a. To watch. V. W A L K . *?. WAUKER, S. A watchman, one who watches clothes during night, S. A.S, waecer, Belg. waaker. V.WALK,®.

W A U K I N G , S. The act of watching.—WAUKING OF T H E

CLAISE. The act of tending, during night, a washing of clothes,spreadouton the grass tobe bleached or dried.*?.

W A U K I N G O' T H E FAULD. The act of watching the sheep-fold, about the end of summer, when the lambs were weaned, and the ewes milked. 8.

W A U K I N G o' T H E KIRK-YARD. Watching the dead after interment, to prevent the inroads ofresurrection-men.*?.

F o W A U K E N , v. a. To chastise; perhaps from Whauk.S. To W A U K E N , v. n. 1. To awake from sleep. 2. To become animated ; as, " He wauken't on his sermon." 3. To become violent in language, as in scolding. *?.

WAUKENIN, fi. 1. The act of awaking. 2. An outrageous reprehension. 3. Cauld waukenin, a very bad farm. *?.

W A U K F E R E , adj. Able to walk about. *?. Z W A U L , v. n. 1. To look wildly; to roll the eyes.*?ee*?.

And in the breist of the goddes graif thay Gorgonis hede, that monstour of grete wounder, Wyth ene wauland, and nek bane hak in sounder.

Doug. Virgil, 257,51. Bot fra the auld Halesus lay to de, And yeildis vp the breith with wawland E, The fatall sisteris set to hand anone, And gan this young Halesus so dyspone, That by Euandrus wappinnis, the ilk stound, He destyiiate was to caucht the dethis wound.

Canentia lumina, Virg. x. 418. Ibid. 331, 16. 2. To gaze with a drowsy eye, overpowered with sleep.*?.

Rudd. derives it from A.S. weall-an, furere. But it is rather from wealw-ian, to roll, Lat. volv-ere.

W A U L , adj. Agile ; nimble. V. Y A U L , or Y A L D . *?. WAULIE, adj. Used in the same sense. *?. W A U L , interj. Expressive of sorrow. 8. W A U L D , s. Government; power. In wald, under sway.

I wow to God, that has the warld in would, Thi dede sail be to Sotheroun full der sauld.

Wallace, x. 579, MS. Dan. void, Isl. vellde, power, valid, id. Hence yfer wald,

magistracy. V. WALD, v. WAULD, s. The plain open country, without wood. *?. WAULIESUM, adj. Causing sorrow. S. To WAUNER, v. n. To wander. *?. To WAUR, v. a. To overcome. V. W A R , v. 1. WAUR, adj. Worse. V. W A R . S. To W A U R , v. a. To expend; to bestow. V.WAR, V. 2.8. WAUR, s. Spring. V. W A R E . *?. WAUR-FOR-THE-WEAR, adj. Shabby; rusty. *?.

653

W A U T , s. A border ; a selvage ; a welt. *?. W A W , s. Wave ; pi. wawys. See Sup.

For quhilum sum wald be Rycht on the wawys, as on mounte; And sum wald slyd fra heycht to law, Rycht as thai doune till hell wald draw, Syne on the waw stert sodanly.—Barbour, iii. 706. MS.

It is used by Wiclif. " And a great storm of wynd was maad and keste wawis

into the boot, so that the boot was ful." Mark iv. A.S. waeg, weg, id, pi. waegas. Teut. Germ, waeghe,

fluctus; gurges. Moes.G. weg-os, pi. undae, from wegs, motus, fluctuatio. The origin is evidently A.S. wag-ian, wecg-an, &c. movere, to move, to shake. The Moes.G. v. must have also been wagian, as appears from the part. pa. wagids, agitatus.

W A W , s. Wall, S. pi. ivawis. See Sup. A loklate bar was drawyn ourthourth the dur; Bot thai mycht nocht it brek out of the waw.

Wallace, iv. 235. MS. Think that it wes his hand that brak the waw.

Maitland Poems, p. 287. To mak bair wawis

Thay think na schame. Ibid. p. 332. A.S. wag, wah, id. Bryden wah, firm us paries; Lye.

W A W , s. W o ; sorrow. God keip our Quein ; and grace hir send

This realme to gyde, and to defend; Injustice perse veir; And of her wawis mak an end, N o w into this new yeir.

V. W A . Maitland Poems, p. 279. W A W , s. A measure of twelve stones, each stone

weighing eight pounds. See Sup. " Ane waw sould conteine twelue stane : the wecht

quhereof conteines aucht pound." Stat. Rob. III. c. 22. $ 7. This is certainly the same with E. wey; as, a wey of

wool, cheese, &c. from A.S. waeg, waga, weg, a load. Su.G. wag signifies a pound, in which sense the A.S. term is* also used.

To W A W , v. n. To caterwaul, to cry as a cat, S. A.Bor. This seems the same with E. waul, allied perhaps to Isl.

vaele, ejulo, plango; if not formed from the sound. See S. To W A W , v. n. To wave ; to float.

The discourrouris saw thaim cummand, Wyth baneris to the wynd wawand.

V. W A F E , V. Barbour, ix. 245. MS.

W A W , interj. Pshaw. V. W A . *?. W A W AG, s. Voyage. *?, W A W A R , s. A wooer.

Be that the daunsing wes all done, Thair leif tuik les and mair; Quhen the winklottis and the wawarris twynit, To se it was hart sair. Peblis to the Play, st. 24.

A.S. wogere, id. W A W A R D , s. The vanguard.

Thai saw in bataillyng cum arayit, The waward, with baner displayit.

Barbour, viii. 48. MS, To W A W Y I K , v. n. To be vacant. V. VAIK. *?.

WAWIL, adj. Ane pyk-thank in a prelots chayse, With his wawil feit, and virrok tais; With hoppir hippis, and henches narrow.—

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 110. It denotes feet, so loosely connected with the ancle-

joints as to bend to one side when set on the ground. Thus, the phrase, shackling feet, is still used. This is evi­dently the same with Weffil, q. v.

W E W E A

7b W A W L , ». «. To look wildly. V. W A U L , V. S. WAWS,s.pl. Waws of cheese, the crust round thewidth.*?. WAWSPER.fi. Apparently some kind of spear. *?. W A W T A K I N , s. Removing or carrying off. *?. WAX,* s. For the use of this in witchcraft.V.WALxin *?. WAX-KERNEL, WAXEN-KERNEL, S. An indurated gland, or hard gathering, which does not suppurate; often in the neck, or in the armpits of growing persons. *?.

W A Z I E , adj. Sagacious ; gay; lively, &c. V. W A S I E . *?. W E , W E Y , W I E , S. Conjoined with litill; 1. A s denot­

ing time. Till his fostyr brodyr he sayis; " May I traist in the, me to waik " Till Ik a litill sleping tak ?" ' Ya, schyr,' he said,' till I may drey.' The King then wynkyt a litill wey; And slepyt nocht full encrely.—Barbour, vii. 182. M S . The Quene Dido astonyst ane litill we At the first sicht, behalding his bewte, Ay wondring'be quhat wyse he cumin was, Unto him thus sche said with myld face.

Doug. Virgil, 32, 24. Ane roundel with ane cleine claith had he, Neir quhair the king micht him baith heir and se. Than, quod the Kyng a lytil wie, and leuch ; " Sir fuill, ye ar lordly set aneuch."

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 22. i. e. In a little while the king said, laughing.

2. In relation to place. W e sail fenyhe ws as we wald fie, And wyth-draw ws a litil we : Fast folow ws than sail thai, And sone swa mone thai brek aray.

Wyntown, viii. 38. 146. 3. As expressing degree.

Nere quham thare grew an rycht auld Iaurer tre, Bowand toward the altere ane litill we, That with his schadow the goddis did ouer heild.

Doug. Virgil, 56, 18. Sone as the fyrst infectioun ane lityl we Of slymy venom inyet quently had sche; Than sche begouth hyr wittis to assale.

A wee, S. signifies a short while. Ibid. 218, 55. Ye hardy heroes, whase brave pains Defeated ay th' invading rout, Forsake a wee th' Elysian plains, View, smile, and bless your loveiy sprout.

Ramsay's Poems, i. 104, It is also sometimes used as equivalent to, in a slight

degree. Wee, little ; Wee and weny, very small, A.Bor. This word has been viewed as an abbrev. of Teut.

weinigh, little; Macpherson, Sibb. But both terms are used, A.Bor. Or of A.S. hwene, few ; Lye, Addit. Jun. Etym. vo. Way-bit. But this is far from being satisfactory; as, if I mistake not, no instance of a similar abbreviation can b» produced, where only part of the first syllable is retained. Teut. weinigh being apparently from the A.S. word, it is extremely improbable that these terms should be retained in our quhene, few, and at the same time in an abbreviated form.

I cannot, however, pretend to give any etymon that is not liable to objection. It is observed by Wachter, vo. Wan, that Lat. ve, in composition, has the power of diminution; as, ve-grandis, little, literally, not great; Ve-jovis, parvus Jupiter, concerning whom Ovid thus writes;

Vis ea si verbi est, cur non ego Vejovis aedem, Aedem non Magni suspicer esse Jovis ?

As in all the examples of the use of this term, which I have observed in our old works, it occurs as a s,, the

654

sense of which is determined by the adj. conjoined, I have been apt to suspect, that we did not originally signify little, but may have been a term expressive of time or space. The use of waybit, A.Bor., for a short way, S. a wee bit, might seem to indicate, that the term had been merely A.S. waeg, weg, Isl. weg, as primarily denoting distance as to space. Way-bit would thus signify a bit of a way. It may be observed, however, that Isl. va is used to denote weight, being applied to that which contributes very little to it. Thad er va litil; parvi ponderis est: vel nullius momenti est; Verel.

W E , W E E , W I E , adj. 1. Small; little, S. See Sup. Easop relates a tale weil worth renown, Of twa wie myce, and they war sisters deir,

Of quhom the elder dwelt in borrowstown, The yunger scho wond upon land weil neir.

Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 144. Tak a pur man a scheip or two, For hungir, or for fait of fude, To five or sex wie bairnis, or mo, They will him hing with raipis rud. Bot and he tak a flok or two, A bow of ky, and lat thame blud, Full saifly may he ryd or go.

Johne Up-on-Land's Compl. Chron. S.P. ii. 33. Shakspeare has adopted this word. " — H e hath but a little wee face, with a little yellow

beard." Merry Wives of Windsor. 2. Mean, as regarding station; as, " wee fowk;" people of the lowest ranks. 3. Mean, applied to conduct. *?.

W E E N E S S , s. Smallness; littleness; mean-spiritedness. *?. WEAM-ILL, s. The belly-ache. V. W A M B E . W E A N , W E E A N E , S. A child, S. bairn, synon.

—Ilka day brought joy and plenty, Ilka year a dainty wean.—Macneill's Poems, i. 19.

The name the weeane gat, was Helenore, That her ain grandame brooked lang before.

Ross's Helenore, p. 12. Perhaps from A.S. wen-an, O.Belg. wenn-en, Sw. af-

waen-ia, ablactare, E. to wean; Dan. afvenner, to take away lambs from their dam. It has, however, been viewed, q. wee ane, synon. with little ane, S. id. Hence Johns., in expl. wee, observes;" In Scotland it denotes small or little: as, a wee ane, a little one, or child; a wee bit, a little bit."

W E A N L Y , adj. Feeble ; slender; ill-grown. *?. To W E A R , v. a. To conduct to the fold, or any other enclosure, with caution; as, " Stand on that side and wear that cow, dinna drive her." *?.

To W E A R off, or off, v. a. T o defend from or against; as, " The lasses should wear the lads aff them," or, the lasses should keep the lads at a distance. *?.

To W E A R in, v. a. 1. To gather in with caution; used to express the manner in which a shepherd conducts his flock into the fold, in order to prevent their rambling, S.

Will ye go to the ew-bughts Marion, And wear in the sheep wi' me ?

Teut. weer-en, propulsare. Ritson's S. Songs, i. 49. 2. As a neut. v., to move slowly and cautiously. One who is feeble, when moving to a certain place, is said to be wearing in to it, S.

To W E A R inby. To move towards a place cautiously, *?. To W E A R up, or up weir. To drive cautiously, as a

thief drives the cattle he has stolen. *?. ToWEAR,v. a. To guard; to defend. V. WERJWERE,*?.*?. To W E A R , W E I R , V. a. To stop ; to restrain. *?. W E A R , W E I R , S. Force ; restraint. *?.

W E B W E C To W E A R , v. n. To last; to endure; as, " That hame-made claith wears weel." *?.

W E A R , S. Clothing; apparel. " Everyday wear," a per­son's common dress. *?.

To W E A R , V. a. Wear the jacket. To be allowed to wear the jacket of the Caledonian Hunt, without being of rank to entitle one to become a member. *?.

W E A R Y , adj. 1. Feeble; as, a weary bairn, a child that is declining, S. 2. Vexatious, causing trouble, S. as, " the weary, or weariful fox ;" Gl. Sibb. 3, Vexed, sorrowful; Gl. Ritson's S. Songs. 4. Tedious ; caus­ing languor or weariness to the mind from prolixity. *?. Sibb. derives it, in sense 2., from wary, to curse. And

indeed, A.S. werig signifies malignus, infestus, from werig-an, to curse. In sense 1. it is from werig, lassus, fatigued; and also in sense 3., as the same word signifies, depressus animo.

WEARIFUL, adj. 1. Causing pain or trouble; pron. wearifow, S. V, W E A R Y , sense 2. *?ee Sup. 2. Tiresome in a great degree. *?. To WEARY for, v.a. To long for; to desire eagerly.*?. To W E A R Y on, v. a. To become weary of; to long for, *?. W E A R Y FA'. An imprecation. A curse befall! 8. W E A R Y ON. An imprecation. Equivalent to Weary Ha'.8. W E ASSES, s. pi. A species of breeching for the necks of work-horses, Orkn.; synon, with breacham. " The oxen be yoaked with cheatts [1. theatts] and hairas

and breachams, which they call weassis, albeit they have horns." MS. Adv. Libr. Barry's Orkn. p. 447. Allied perhaps to Su.G. wase, Isl. vasi, a bundle of twigs

or withes ; as the furniture of horses was anciently made of these. V. RIGWIDDIE, TRODWIDDIE.

W E A T H E R , s. A fall of rain or snow, accompanied with boisterous wind; a tempest. *?.

WEATHERIE, W E A T H E R F U ' , adj. Stormy. *?.

WEATHER,* s. Fair weather, flattery. *?. WEATHER-GAW,fi. I.V.WEDDIR-GAW, under W E D -

DYR. 2. Any change in the atmosphere, known from experience to presage the approach of bad weather. 3. Any day too good for the season, indicating a re­verse. 4. Any thing so very favourable as to seem an indication of a reverse, 8.

WEATHER-GLEAM, s. V. WEDDIR-GLIM. *?. To W E A V E , v. a.and n. To knit; applied to stockings. *?. WEAVER, W Y V E R , W Y B I S T E R , S. A knitter of stockings.

WEAVIN, s. A moment, Aberd. " The auld wife complain'd sae upo' her banes, that you

wou'd hae thought she had been in the dead-thraw in a weaven after she came in." Journal from London, p. 7. A.S. wiffend, breathing; as we say, in the same sense,

in a breath, S. This seems also the origin of E. whiff, which Johns,, after Davies, derives from C.B. chwyth, flatus.

W E A Z L E - B L A W I N G , s. A disease seeming to have its existence only in superstition. V. CATTER, <?.

WEB, s. The covering of the entrails, the cawl, or omentum, S. apparently denominated from its resem­blance to something that is woven; as in Sw. it is called tarm-naet, q. the net of the intestines.

WEBSTER, S. 1. A weaver, S. A. Bor, Need gars naked men rin, And sorrow gars websters spin.

Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 26. 2. A spider,because it weaves a web to catch its prey. *?.

A.S. webbestre, textrix, a female weaver. The use of 655

this term indicates that, among our forefathers, the work of weaving was appropriated to women. This, it is well known, was the case among the Greeks and other ancient nations, who reckoned it an employment unworthy of the dignity of man. Hence the frequent allusions to this, in the poets.

Tibi quam noctes festina diesque Urguebam, et tela curas solabar aniles.

Virg. JEn. ix. 489. We find, indeed, that the Roman writers make mention

of Textores, or male weavers. But this name was given to the slaves employed in this business, when, in conse­quence of the increase of luxury, it came to be despised by women of rank. For, in early ages, it was accounted an employment not unworthy of queens. It appears that, among the Jews also, and other eastern nations, women were thus engaged. A loom seems to have been part of the furniture of the faithless Delilah's chamber; as she was no stranger to the art of weaving, Judg. xvi. 12—14. Solomon gives such a description of the good wife, as im­plies that she wove all the clothing worn by her house­hold ; Prov. xxxi. 18—24. V. Won, WOBSTER.

W E C H E , s. A witch. " Ane weche said to hym, he suld be crounit kyng afore

his deith." Bellend. Cron. B. xvii. c. 8. A.S. wicca, wicce, id.

W E C H T , W E I G H T , W E G H T , S. 1. An instrument for winnowing corn, made in tbe form of a sieve, but without holes.

1 Ane blanket, and ane wecht also, Ane schule, ane scheit, and ane lang flail.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 159. — A y wi' his lang tail he whiskit, And drumm'd on an aid corn weight.

Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 299. " You shine like the sunny side of a shernie weight"

S. Prov. Kelly, p. 378. Weght, Ramsay. V. SHARNY. Meg fain wad to the barn gaen, To win three wechts o' naething;

But for to meet the deil her lane, She pat but little faith in. Burns, iii. 134.

The rites observed in this daring act of superstition, are thus explained in a note. " This charm must likewise be performed, unperceived,

and alone. You go to the barn, and open both doors, taking them off the hinges, if possible ; for there is danger, that the being, about to appear, may shut the doors, and do you some mischief. Then take that instrument used in winnowing the corn, which, in our country dialect, we call a wecht; and go through all the attitudes of letting down corn against the wind. Repeat it three times; and the third time an apparition will pass through the barn, in at the windy door, and out at the other, having both the figure in question, and the appearance or retinue, marking the employment or station in life." There are two kinds of wechts, S.B. The one is deno­

minated a windin wecht, immediately used for winnowing, as its name intimates. This is formed of a single hoop covered with parchment. The other is called a maund-wecht, having more resemblance of a basket, its rim being deeper than that of the other. Its proper use is for lifting the grain, that it may be emptied into the windin wecht. It receives its designation from mound, a basket. Germ, faecher, fechel, focher, fucker, an instrument for

winnowing; Belg. wayer, more properly written vecher, a fanner or winnower, from Germ, wech-en, weh-en, Belg, wai-en, ventum facere ; Wachter. Su.G. weft-a, ventilare. This is the natural origin of wecht; and there is every reason to suppose that it is a very ancient term. As Lat, vent-us, has been deduced from Gr. *uu, flare, E, wind is

W E D W E D evidently allied; being formed from wai-en, id. of which Junius views it as the part, wayend, q, blowing. 2, A sort of tambourin. See Sup.

In May the plesant spray vpspringis ; In May the mirthfull mavis singis : And now in May to madynnis fawis,

With tymmer wechtis to trip in ringis, And to play vpcoill with the bawis.

Scott, Evergreen, ii, 186. M S . It seems to receive this name from its resemblance of

the instrument employed in winnowing; the word tymmer being conjoined, for the sake of discrimination, to denote that it is wooden, whereas the proper wechtis made of skin.

To W E C H T , V. a. T o fan; to winnow. *?, W E C H T F U L , S. A S much as a ivecht can contain, S.

pron. wechtfow. W E C H T , s. 1. Weight. 2. The standard by which any thing is weighed.—To W E C H T , v.a. To weigh. *?.

W E C H T Y , adj. Expensive. *?. W E D , s. A pledge. 7b W E D , V. a. To pledge. V. W A D , Hence, W E D K E E P E R , S. One who preserves what is deposited in pledge. " For as to this conscience, it is a faithfull wedkeeper;

the gages that it receiveth, it randeris, of good turnes it giveth a blyith testimonie, of evil turnes it giveth a bitter testimonie." Bruce's Eleven Sermons, 1591, Sign. C. 4. 2,

W ED, s. Woad. V. W A D D , *?. To W E D a Heretage. To enter on possession of an estate. *?.

W E D D E R B O U K , s. The carcass of a wedder. *?. W E D D E R DAIS, W E D D E R DAYIS. A particular season

of the year, but uncertain ; perhaps the time of sheep-shearing, or mild weather; or the Borrowing Days. 8.

W E D D E R F U ' , WE A T H E R F U ' , adj. Unsettled; stormy; applied only to the weather in a very bad day. *?.

W E D D Y R , W E D D I R , W E D D E R , S. 1. Weather; used as a general term. *?ee Sup.

He thocht he to Kyntyr wald ga, And sa lang soiowrnyng thar ma. Till wyntir wedder war away.—Barbour, iii. 387. MS. And in the calm or loune weddir is sene, Aboue the fludis hie, ane fare plane grene.

Doug. Virgil, 131, 42. I traist not with this wedder to wyn Itale, The wynd is contrare brayand in ouer bak sale.

Ibid. 127, 49. 2. Wind.

And all the weddrys in thaire fayre Wes to thare purpos all contrayre.

Wyntown, vi. 20. 105. And thare be a tempest fell Of gret weddrys scharpe and snell, Of fors thai behowyd to tak Quhyle land, and thame for battayle make.

Ibid. vii. 10. 184. also viii. 6. 54. A.S. waeder, Teut. weder, Alem. weter, Isl. vethur, coeli

temperies, "the weather good or bad," (Somner,) Su.G. waeder, id. also the wind; O.Dan, vedur, ventus, turbo. This shews the origin of the term weather-bound, i. e. de­tained by wind or bad weather. One might almost con­jecture, that this were the origin of the term winter, which in Isl. is vetur, very nearly allied to vethur, vedur, weather; as if denominated from the storminess of the weather, which is the characteristic of this season. Ihre, however, derives it from waat, humidus.

656

Weder seems to retain the sense of storm, Ywaine and Gawin.

The king kest water on the stane, The storme rase ful sone onane, With wikked weders kene and calde, Als it was byfore-hand talde; The king and his men ilkane Wend tharwith to have bene slane ; So blew it stor with slete and rayn.

Ritson's E.M.R. i. 55. V. also p. 16. v. 411. W E D D I R - G A W , S. Part of one side of a rainbow, ap­

pearing immediately above the horizon, viewed as a prognostic of bad weather; pron. iveather-gaw, S. In some parts of the country, this is called a dog, also a stump. The term weather-gaw, although I have not observed it

in any dictionary, is used in England, to denote the secon­dary rainbow. This is analogous to Germ, wasser-gall, repercussio iridis; from wasser, humor, moisture, and gall, splendor. Hence Wachter renders wasser-gall, splendor pluvius; referring to A.S. gyl, splendit, Benson.

A weather-gaw, as the term is used in S., corresponds to Isl. vedr-spaer, literally, that which spaes or foretells bad weather; Landnamab. p. 264. Our term seems formed in the same manner with Isl. haf-galk, which has precisely thesame signification; Meteorum perl ustre in man", ante ventos apparens; G. Andr. p. 82, col. 2. As haf signifies the sea, one might suppose that the other component terra were Isl. galk, naevus, vitium, q. a defect in the weather; did not the explanation given by G. Andr. confirm the sense assigned to gall by Wachter.

W E D D I R - G L I M , S. Expl. " clear sky near the horizon ; spoken of objects seen in the twilight or dusk; as, between him and the wedder-glim, or weather-gleam, i.e. between him and the light of the sky." Gl. Sibb.

A.S. weder, coelum, and gleam, glaem, jubar, splendor; Teut. weder-licht, coruscatio.

To W E D E , W E I D , W E Y D , v.a. T o rage; to act furiously, part. pr. wedand.

In this meyne tyme Athelred, Edgare the pesybil sowne, we rede, Of Ingland tuk possessyowne, Scepter, and coronafyowne, Quhen the Denmarkis wes wedand, Wytht fyre and slawchter dystrwyand.

Wyntown, vi. 15. 63. Off thir paynys God lat you neuir preiff, Thocht I for wo all out off wit suld weid.

Wallace, ii. 204. M S . Quhen Wallace saw scho ner of witt couth weid, In his armess he caucht hir sobrely, And said, " Der hart, quha hass mysdoyne ocht, I ?" " Nay I," quoth scho, " hass falsiye wrocht this trayn ; " I haiff you said, rycht now ye will be slayn."

Ibid. iv. 752. MS. Mr. Ellis interrogatively expl. it, " She could not ima­

gine any contrivance;" Spec. I. 355. And he for wo weyle ner worthit to weide; And said, Sone, thir tithingis sittis me sor.

Ibid. i. 437. M S . The term not being understood, editors have taken the

liberty of altering the phraseology, as in Edit. 1648. And he for woe neare sweit of this weede.

In this passage it might be viewed as a s. So mekill baill with in his breyst thar bred, Ner out off wytt he worthit for to weyd.

Ibid. xi. 1161. M S .

W E E W E Y A.S. wed-an, insanire, furere. Isl. aed-a, id. aede, furor,

aedefullr, furibundus. V. W E I D . W E D E IS, JO/, n. Withes.

Thai band thaim fast with wedeis sad and sar. V. WI D D I E . Wallace, iii. 215. M S .

W E D - F I E , s. W a g e ; reward ; recompense; perhaps some payment of the nature of interest of money. *?.

W E D O E T , s. Widowhood; corr. of wedohed. 8. W E D O N Y P H A , s. This term occurs in a curious list of diseases, in Roull's Cursing, M S ,

—The Cruke, the Cramp, the Colica, The Worm, the wareit Wedonypha, Rimbursin, Ripplis, and Bellythra.

V. Gl. Compl. p. 331. This is certainly the same with wytenon-fa, Aberd. " I was tley'd that she had taen the wyten-on-fa, an'

inlakit afore supper, far she shuddered a' like a klippert in a cauld day." Journal from London, p. 7. This is rendered " trembling, chattering." But it is the

term generally used in the North, to express that disease peculiar to women, commonly called a weid; weidinonfa, Ang. W e might suppose that it were allied to A.S. wite, pain,

suffering, calamity, witn-ian, to punish, to afflict, wit-nung, punishment; Su.G. wit-a, to punish, wite, punishment, also any physical evil, &c. But Wedonfaw is merely the onfall or attack of a weid, Border. Onfaw and weid are some­times used as synon. V. W E I D , fi,

W E D O W , s. A widow. *?. WEE, s. Wight; used for toy.

Arthur asked on hight, herand hem alle, " What woldes thou, wee, if hit be thi wille ?"

V. W r . Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 6. To W E E , W E Y , V. a. To weigh. *?. W E E CHEESE, W E E BUTTER. A play of children. *?. W E E , adj. Little. V. W E . *?. WEEOCK, S. A little while; dim. from We, Wee, little. *?. W E E A C K , s. A wheak, S.; a squeak. *?. WEE-ANE, s. A child, V. W E A N . *?. WEE-BAUK, s. A cross-beam near the angle ofa roof. *?. W E E B O , s. Common Ragwort, an herb, S. Senecio jacobaea, Linn. Also denominated Stinking Weed, and Elshinders, corr. from E. Alexanders.

W E E D , * s. Formerly used in S. as in E. for dress. *?. To W E E D , v. a. To thin growing plants by taking out the smaller ones; as, " to weed firs." *?.

WEEDiNS.fi. pi. What is taken out in thinning trees, &c, W E E D E R - C L I P S , s. The instrument used for rooting out the weeds which grow among grain. *?.

W E E D O C K , s. A n instrument for grubbing up weeds. *?. W E E G , s. The Kittiwake; Larus minuta. *?. WEEGLE, WEEGGLE, V. n. To waggle. V. WAIGLE. WEEGLIE, WEEGGLIE, adj. 1. Waggling; unstable, S, 2. Having a wriggling motion in walking, S.

Belg, be-weeglik, unstable, pliable. W E E G L E , S. The act of waggling or waddling. *?. W E E G L E H , S. A person who waddles. 8. W E E K , s. Weeks of the mouth. V. W E I K . *?. W E E L , W E L L , with its composites. V. W E I L L . *?. W E E L - S L E E K I T , adj. Well-drubbed; well-curried. *?. W E E M , s. L A natural cave, Fife, Ang.

" In the town there is a large cove, anciently called a weem. The pits produced by the working of the coal, and the striking natural object of the cove or weem, may have given birth to the name of the parish," P. Pittenweem, Fife, Statist Ace. iv. p. 369.

V O L . II. 657

2. A n artificial cave, or subterraneous building, Ang. " A little westward from the house of Tealing, about 60

or 70 years ago, was discovered an artificial cave or sub­terraneous passage, such as is sometimes called by the country people a weem. It was composed of large loose stones." P. Tealing, Forfars. Ibid. p. 101. From Gael, uamha, a cave ; unless allied to Teut. weme,

terebra, a wimble, as an excavation may be compared to what is bored.

W E E P E R S , s. pi. Strips of muslin, or cambric, stitched on the extremities of the sleeves of a black coat or gown, as a badge of mourning, S.

Auld, cantie Kyle may weepers wear, An' stain them wi' the saut, saut tear.

Burns, iii. 215. W E E R , s. Fear; apprehension. V. W E R E . W E E R E L Y , adj. Warlike. 8. WEERIGILLS, s.pl. V. WEIRIEGILLS. *?. WEERIT, s. 1. A name given to the young of the Guillemot, from its peevish whine. 2. A peevish child.

WEE-SAULT, adj. Having a little soul. 8. To W E E S E , W E E Z E , V. n. To ooze; to distil gently,

S.B. See Sup.

Or sinn'd ye wi' yon greetin cheese, Frae which the tears profusely weeze ?

Morison's Poems, p. 105. Dr. Johns, very oddly derives the E. word from Fr.

eaux, waters. But both the S. and E. terms are evi­dently allied to Isl. vos, voesa, veisa, humor, mador, hum-ectatio, perfusio aquae; G. Andr. vo. Vaete, pp. 249, 250. Dan.-Sax. woes, id.; A.S. wos, wose, liquor, wosing, moist, " Succi plenus, full of juice or moisture," Somner. G. Andr. views Germ, wasser as formed from wass the genit. of Isl. wattn ; and Isl. oes signifies the mouth of a river.

W E E S E , s. A circular band of straw, or a roll of cloth stuffed, open in the middle, put on the head, for car­rying a pail of milk, or a tub or basket, &C.V.WAESE.*?.

W E E S H , interj. Addressed to a horse, to make him go to the right hand. &

W E E S T , part. adj. Depressed with dulness. 8. W E E T , s. R a i n — W E E T Y , adj. Rainy. V. W E I T . 8. W E E T N E S S , S. 1. Wet; rainy weather. 2. Applied to any thing drinkable. fi.

WEET-MY-FIT, s. The quail, from its cry. S. To W E E U K , W E E A K , v.n. A term used to denote the squeaking of rats, the neighing of stallions, or the bel­lowing of bulls, when raised to the highest pitch, <?.

W E F F I L , adj. Limber; supple ; not stiff, S. A.S. waefol, fluctuans; Teut. wepel, vagus; weyfel-en,

vagari, vacillare ; weyfeler, homo vagus, inconstans; Germ. wappel-n, motitari; Isl. veif-a, vibrare, veifl-a, to twist or twine one from his own opinion. Here we perceive the true origin of E. whiffle.

W E F F I L N E S S , s. Limbemess; opposed to stiffness. *?. W E F F L I N , W E F F L U M , S. The back-lade, or course

of water at the back of the mill-wheel, Ang, When a mill is so overcharged with water from behind,

that the wheel cannot move, the term quaef-wa is used in Su.G. But perhaps the similarity of sound is merely accidental.

WEFT, fi. Woof. V. W A F T . WEFT, s. A signal by waving. S. W E H A W , interj. A cry displeasing to horses, &c. *?. To WEY, v. a.

Bot fra the Scottis thai mycht nocht than off skey, 4 O

W E I W E I

The clyp so far on athir burd thai wey. Wallace, x. 874, MS.

Clyp is the grappling-iron used in boarding. Wey may therefore be allied to Su.G. waeg-a, weg-a, percutere, ferire.

To W E Y , v. a. To be sorry for; to bewail, Wallace. Belg. wee, sorrow.

W E Y , adj. Mean ; despicable ; little. 8. W E Y A G E , s. The charge made for weighing goods. *?. W E Y - B R O D D I S , s.pl. Boards used for weighing. *?. W E Y CHE, s. A witch. *?. To WEID, v. n. To become furious. V. W E D E , W E I D , adj. Furious, synon. wod.

He girnt, he glourt, he gapt as he war weid, And quhylum sat still in ane studying; And quhylum on his buik he was reyding.

V. W E D E , V. Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 77. A Bor. " wead, very angry; mad, in a figurative sense."

Grose derives it from Wode. But it is from the old v. V. WEDE, V.

WEID, WE E D , fi. 1. A kind of fever to which women in childbed, or nurses, are subject, S. 2. Afit of theague.*?. Although I have not met with the term in any diction­

ary, I am informed, that Germ, weide, or weite, corres­ponds to Fr. accable, as signifying that one is oppressed with disease.

W E I D . Gawan and Gol. i. 14. All the wyis in welth he weildis in weid, Sail halely be at your will, all that is his.

Leg. theid, as in edit. 1508. To W E I F , v, a. To weave ; part. pa. weyff, woven.

With subteil slayis, and hir hedeles slee Riche lenye wobbis naitly weiffit sche.

Doug. Virgil, 204, 45. —Qubaron was weyff, in subteil goldin thredis, Kyng Troyus son, the fare Ganymedis. Ibid. 136, 6.

A.S. wef-an, Isl, vef-a, Su.G. waefw-a, Moes.G. waib-jan, C.B. gwev, texere.

W E Y E S , W E Y I S , S. pi. A balance with scales for weighing. *?ee Sup. " The heire sail haue—ane stule, ane forme, ane flaill,

the weyes, with the wechts, ane spaid, ane aix."—Burrow Lawes, c. 125, § 3. Stateram cum ponderibus, Lat.

Behald in euerie kirk and queir,— Sanct Peter caruit with his keyis, Sanct Michaell with his wingis and weyis.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 65. Correspondent to the account here given, Wormius has

this note concerning St, Michael; Michaelis libra, qua depingi solet archangelus ; Fast. Dan. p. 116. " A pair of balances is often termed the weighs in the

modern Sc. of the South." Gl. Compl. p. 382. vo. V E Y E . A.S. waeg, weg, Teut. waeghe, libra, trutina, statera.

WEIGH-BAUK, S L A balance, S. They'll sell their country, flae their conscience bare, To gar the weigh-bauk turn a single hair.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 88, 2. Used metaph. One is said to be in the weigh-bauks, when in a state of indecision, S. Teut. waegh-balck, librile, scapus librae, jugum; from

waeghe, libra, and balck, trabs, q. the balance-beam. W E I G H T S , S. pi. Scales, S.

" Dauid in this time put them in the weights together, —saying, Surelie men of low degree are vanitie & men of high degree are a Iye," &c. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 499.

To W E I G H T , V. a. l.To weigh, S. 2. To burden ; to oppress, S. See Sup.

" However this silence sometimes weighted my mind, yet 658

I found it the best and wisest course."—Baillie's Lett. ii, 252.

W E I G H T , W E G H T , S. A n instrument for winnowing corn, V. W E C H T .

WEIK, W E E K , S. A corner or angle. The weiks of the mouth, the corners or sides of it, S. wikes, A. Bor. id. The weik of the ee, the corner of it, S. See Sup.

Auld Meg the tory took great care To weed out ilka sable hair, Plucking out all that look'd like youth, Frae crown of head to weeks of mouth.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 496, It is sometimes written wick. V. example, in Wick, s.

a bay. Su.G. wik angulus, oegen wik, the corner of the eye j

Alem. geuuig, id, Teut, flexio, cessio. Perhaps hoeck, angulus, is radically the same.

The terms, in different languages, originally denoting any angle or corner, have been particularly applied to those formed by water, A. S. wie, the curving reach of a river; Teut. wijk, id. Su.G. wik, Isl. vik, a bay of the sea; whence pirates were called Viking-ur, because they gene­rally lurked in places of this description. See Sup. The town of Wick in Caithness seems to be denominat­

ed from its vicinity to a small bay, although it has been otherwise explained. " The ancient and modern name of this parish, as far as

can now be ascertained, is that of Wick, an appellation common all over the Northern continent of Europe, sup­posed to signify the same with the Latin word vicus, a village or small town, particularly when lying adjacent to a bay, or arm of the sea, resembling a wicket," P, Wick, Caithn. Statist. Ace. x. i. V, W I C K , S.

To H I N G B Y T H E W E I K S OF T H E MOUTH. T O keep the

last hold of any thing; to keep hold to the utmost. *?. WEIL, W E I L L , S. I. Prosperity; advantage, *?ee<?.

For victory me hatis not, dar I say, Nor list sik wyse withdraw their handis tway, That I refuse suld till assay ony thing, Quhilk mycht. sa grete beleif of weil inbring.

Doug. Virgil, 378, 35. Hence Weil is me, S., happy am I, q. It is well to me.

Weil is yow, happy are ye. N o w weilis yow, priestis, weilis yow, in all your lyvis. That ar nocht waddit with sic wicket wyvis.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 55. 2. A benefit. *?.

A.S. wel, well, bene. Wel beon, bene esse. Wel is tham the thaet mot; Bene est iis quibus possibile est; Caed. 99. 8. Welluswaes; Bene nobis erat; Num. xi. 18, from wael, bene, and is, est. Su.G, waeles mig, Ol me folicem.

WEIL, s. An eddy. V. WELE. WEIL, W E L E , W E L L E , adv. Very ; joined with gret, gud, &c. See Sup.

For in-til weile gret space thare-by Wes nothir hows lewyd, na herbry.

V. G U D , adj. Wyntown, viii. 37, 119. And sic lik men thai waillyt weill gud speid.

Wallace, ix. 706. MS. Sibb. justly observes that this, as prefixed to adjectives,

is " commonly used iu a good sense, as sere [sair] in a bad." V. FEIL.

To W E I L D , v. a. 1. To obtain, by whatever means; to manage, so as to accomplish. Weild be his will, if he obtain his desire.

He rekkys nowthir the richt, nor rekles report, Al is wele done, God wate, weild he his wyll.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238. a. 28.

W E I W E I 2. To enter on possession of an estate ; used as a n. v.

Giff ony deys in this bataille, His ayr, but ward, releff, or taile, On the fyrst day sail weld ,• All be he neuir sa young off eld.

A.S. weald-an, potiri. Barbour, xii. 322, MS. WEILDING, part. pr. Apparently running wild. S. WEILL, adj. Many.

Bot all to few with him he had, The quhethir he bauldly thaim abaid; And weill ost, at thair fryst metyng, War layd at erd, but recoveryng.

Barbour, iii. 15. MS. It is used in the same sense as feill elsewhere. In edit.

1620, p. 38. And feill of them at their first meeting, &c.

V. FEIL.

Engelond ys a wel god lond. R. Glouc. 1. 1. Gl. Wynt.

WEILL, W E E L , adj. 1. Well in health. 2. Sufficiently dressed; applied to meat. " Is the denner weel T 8.

WEIL-BUILT, adj. Strongly made. 8. WEILL-FARAND, adj. Having a goodly appearance. V. FARAND.

WEIL-FAUR'T, adj. Well-favoured; having a handsome or goodly appearance. *?•

WEIL-FAUR'TLIE, adv. 1. Handsomely. 2. Avowedly, as opposed to any clandestine measure. 3. With a good grace. *?.

WEIL-GAITIT, part. adj. A term applied to a horse which is thoroughly broke. S.

WEILL-HEARTIT, adj. Hopeful; not dejected, S. WELLNESS, S. The state of being in good health. *?. WEIL-PAID, adj. Well satisfied. V. ILL-PAID. *?. WEIL-PUT-ON, adj. Well dressed. *?. W E I L TO LIVE. 1. In easy circumstances; bein. 2. Tipsy; elevated with drink; half seas over. *?.

W E E L T O PASS. In comparative affluence. *?. WEILL-WAL'D, adj. Well-chosen. V. W A L E , V. S.

WEILL-WILLAR, S. A friend; a well-wisher. *?. WEILL-WILLIE, WEILL-WILLIT, adj. Liberal; not nig­

gardly, S. See Sup. " Willy (as they say) ill willy, good willy, i. e. malevo­

lent, benevolent, but mostly used for sparing or liberal." Rudd. " Naething is difficult to awelUvilkd man;"—Ferguson's

S. Prov. p. 26. Su.G. willig, willing, waelwillig, A.S. wellwilknda,

benevolus. WEILL, s. A calf. V. VEIL. 8. WEIN, s. Barbour, xv. 249- Leg. wem, as in MS.

In tyme of trewys ischyt thai; And in sic tyme as on Pasche day, Quhen God raiss for to sauf mankind, Fra wem of auld Adamys syne.

Weme, edit. 1620. A.S. wem, wemm, labes, macula. E. wem signifies a spot;

also, a scar. V. W E M M Y T , UNWEMMYT. WEIR of Law. The act of a person, charged with a debt of which there is no legal evidence, whether by contract or by the presence of witnesses, who en­gages, in the next court, to clear himself of it by his own oath, supported by the oaths of five com­purgators, who shall attest their belief that he swears truly. This is synon. with the English for­ensic phrase, Wager of Law. 8.

659

— " A Borgh is foundin in a court vpon a weir of law," &c. Acts, Ja. I. J429, c. 130. V. BORCH, s. Peihaps from A.S. waer, wer, foedus, pactum; whence

waer-borh, wer-borh, fidejussor, sponsor. To STREK A BORGH APONE A W E I R OF LAW. T O enter into suretyship that the person shall legally purge himself from the crime charged against him. *?.

WEIR, s. War. WEIR-MEN, WEIR-HORS, WEIRLY,

WEIR-WALL. V. W E R E .

WEIR, s. A hedge. Used as synon. with E. Fence. S. To WEIR, v. a. To herd ; to keep -, to watch over. *?. W E Y R , fi. Spring. V. VEIR. *?. WEIR, s. A term including cows and ewes giving milk ; used only by very old people. *?•

WEIR-BUSE, S. A partition between cows. V. BUSE.*?. WEIRD, W E R D , W E R D E , W E E R D , S. 1. Fate; des­tiny, S-

Now will I the werd rehers, As I fynd of that stane in wers; . Nifallot fatum, Scoti quocumque locatum Invenient lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem. B[u]t gyf werdys falyhand be, Quhare-evyr that stane yhe segyt se, Thare sail the Scottis be regnand, And Lorddys hale oure all that land.

Wyntown, iii. 9, 43, 47. How euer this day tbe fortoun with thame standis, Bruke wele thare chance and werd on athir handis.

Doug. Virgil, 317, 18. But they'll say, She's a wise wife that kens her ain weerd. Song, Ross's Helenore, p. 133.

2. It seems used as equivalent to prediction. Altho' his mither, in her weirds, Foretald his death at Troy,

I soon prevail'd wi' her to send The young man to the ploy.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 18. Weird Sisters, the Fates. This corresponds to Lat.

Parcae. The remanant hereof, quhat euer be it, The weird sisteris defendis that suld be wit.

Doug. Virgil, 80, 48. i. e. forbid that it should be known. The weird sisters wandring, as they were wont then, Saw ravens rugand at that ratton by a ron ruit. They mused at the mandrake unmade like a man, A beast bund with a bunewand in an auld buit.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 12. They are sometimes denominated the Weirds. W o worth (quoth the Weirds) the wights that thee wrought;

Threed-bair be thair thrift, as thou art wanthrevin. Ibid. p. 14.

3. It is used in the sense of fact, as denoting something that really takes place; as, " After word comes weird; fair fall them that call me Madam." 4. Fate is also personified under thenameof J^Vdusedinthesingular. A.S. wyrd, fatum, fortuna, eventus ; Wyrde, Fata, Par­

cae ; Franc. Urdi. Isl. Urd is the name of the first of the Fates, which G. Andr. derives from verd, do, verd-a, fieri, in the same manner as our weird, werd, seems to be from Teut. werd-en, A.S. weord-an, wyrd-an, id. V. W O R T H , V.

To W E I R D , W E E R D , v.a. 1. To determine or assign as one's fate.

An' now these darts that weerded were To tak the town o' Troy,

To get meat for his gabb, he man Against the birds employ.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 6.

W E Y W E L The part. pa. is commonly used, S.B.

2. To predict; to assign as one's fate in the language of prophecy.

I weird ye to a fiery beast, And relieved sail ye never be,

Till Kempion, the kingis son, Cum to the crag, and thrice kiss thee.

Minstrelsy, Border, xi. 103. And what the doom sae dire, that thou Doest weird to mine or rae ?

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 238. 3. To make liable to, to place in the state of being ex­posed to, any moral or physical evil. *?.

W E I R D L E S S , W I E R D L E S S , adj. 1. Thriftless ;~not pros­

perous, S. It is applied to those with whom nothing prospers; and seems to include both the idea of their own inactivity, and at the same time of some­thing cross in their lot.

2. Destitute of any capacity to manage worldly affairs.*?. W E I R D I N , W I E R D I N , part. adj. Employed for the pur­

pose of divination. *?. W E I R D L E S S N E S S , S. Wasteful mismanagement. *?.

W E I R D L Y , adj. Happy; prosperous. *?.

W E I R I E G I L L S , W E E R I G I L L S , S. pi. Quarrels. In the

weiriegills, in the act of quarrelling or brawling. 8. W E I R S . In weirs, in danger of. V. W I E R S . *?. To W E I S E , W Y S E , V. a. 1. To use caution or policy,

for attaining any object in view; to prevail by pru­dence or art, S., pron. as E. wise.

He warily did her weise and wield, To Collingtoun-Broom, a full good beild, And warmest als in a' that field. Watson's Coll. i. 41.

2. To guide ; to lead; to direct, S. " to train," Gl. Shirr. To wyse a-jee, to direct in a bending course. *?ee *?.

Driving their haws frae whins or tee, Their's no nae gowfer to be seen;

Nor dousser fowk wysing ajee The byast bouls on Tamson's green.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 205. 3. " To turn ; to incline;" Gl, Sibb. S. See Sup.

To weise a stane, to move it when it is a heavy one, rather by art than by strength. " Every miller wad wyse the water to his ain mill."

Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 25. 4. To draw or let out any thing cautiously, so as to prevent it from breaking; as in making a rope of tow or straw, one is said to weise out the tow or straw. 5. To Weise in or out, To allow to go in or out, by removing any impediment; as by opening a door. *?. From Teut. wys-en, Su.G. wis-a, docere, ostendere,

whence wise, dux; Alem. uuis-en, Germ, weis-en, ducere. Die dine scaf uuisen ad pascua vitae ; W h o lead thy sheep to the pastures of life ; Willeram. i. 7. This word may have been originally borrowed from a

pastoral life. To weise the sheep into the fauld or bught, is a phrase still used by our shepherds.

To W E I | £ , W Y S E , V. n. To incline, S.

But see the sheep are wysing to the cleugh ; Thomas has loos'd his ousen frae the pleugh.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 7. W E Y S E , VISE, S. The indication of the direction that a

mineral stratum has taken, when interrupted in its course. 8.

W E Y S H , W Y S H E , interj. A term used for directing a horse to turn to the right hand. V. H A U P . *?.

660

W E I S T , s. The west. *?. To W E I T , v. n. To try ; to make inquiry.

Refreschit he wes with meit, drynk, and with heit, Quhilk causyt him throuch naturall courss to weit Quhar he suld sleipe, in sekyrnes to be.

Wallace, v. 346, M S .

This v. is undoubtedly formed from that which signifies to know, S. wat, wait, E. wit, wot. The same formation occurs in other Northern languages. Su.G. wit-a, to prove, is formed from wet-a, to know; Germ, wiss-en, certificare, facere ut cognoscat, from weiss, certus. Moes.G. wit-an, to know, is also used as denoting observation and watch­ing. A.S. wit-an primarily signifies, scire ; iu a secondary sense, to take care, curare, providere. Wachter indeed denies the affinity between the two ideas. " It is one thing," he says, " to know, and another to verify." But the observation made by Ihre is unanswerable. Speaking of wit-a, probare, he says; Est verbum facessans a wet-a, scire ; quid enim aliud est argumentis probare, quara fa­cere, ut alter rem certo resciscat ?

WEIT, WEET. S. Rain, S. Skars was this said, quhen that ane blak tempest Brayis but delay, and all the lift ouerkest, Ane huge weit gan doun poure and tumbill.

Doug. Virgil, 151, 6. — T o the weet my ripen'd aits had fawn.—

Fergusson's Poems, xi. 6. A.S. waeta, humiditas, Isl. vaeta, pluvia. This seems

radically the same with Moes.G. wate, aqua, whence water. To WEIT, WEET, V. a. To wet, S.

" Ye breed of the cat, you wad fain hae fish, but you hae nae will to weet your feet;" Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 35,

White o'er the linns the burnie pours, And rising weets wi' misty showers

The birks of Aberfeldy. Burns, iv. 271. WEIT, WEET, adj. Wet, S. Weety, S.B.

To W E I T , W E E T , V. n. Torain ; as, "It's ga'in to weet."8.

To W E I Z E , v. n. To direct. V. W E I S E . *?.

W E L A N Y , s. Damage ; injury ; disgrace. Bot Schyr Amery, that had the skaith Off the bargane I tauld off er, Raid till Ingland till purches ther Off armyt men gret cumpany, To weng him off the welany That Schyr Eduuard, that noble knycht, Him did by Cre in to the fycht.

Barbour, ix. 545, MS. In like manner, Hardyng says of the battle of Cressy; The kyng Edward had all the victory, The kyng Philip had all the vilany.

Chron. Fol. 183, a. L.B. villoma, injuria, probrum, convicium; Du Cange,

W E L C O M E - H A I M , s. 1. The repast presented to a bride, when she enters the house of a bridegroom, S. The entertainment given, on this occasion, is in Isl.

called hemkomsel, from hem, home, kom-a, to come, and oel, a feast, literally, ale (cercvisium ;) q. the feast at coming home. Coiivivium, quod novi conjuges in suis aedibus instruunt; Ihre, vo. Jul. 2. A compotation among the neighbours of a newly-married pair on the Monday after they have been kirked. S.

2b WELD, v. n. To possess. V. WEILD. WELE, WELL, S. A whirlpool; an eddy, S. pron. wiel,

wheel; Lancash. weal. See Sup. Arayddys quham the flude he gan espy Of Tyber flowand soft and esely,

W E L W E M With swirland welis and mekill yallow sand, In to the sey did enter fast at hand.

Doug. Virgil, 205, 28. My mare is young, and very skiegh, And in o' the weil she will drown me.

Minstrelsy, Border, i. 202. Whyles in a wiel it dimpl't. Burns, iii. 137.

A.S. wael, Teut. weel, wiel, vortex aquarum. These terms might seem to have a common origin with wall, a wave; A.S. weall-an, Germ, wall-en, to boil, to bubble up; wallen des meers, the swelling of the sea. It must be ob­served, however, that Teut. wiel seems the same with the term corresponding to our wheel. Hence Kilian renders it; Profundus in amne locus quo aqua cireumagilur. V. WELL-EV. Hence,

WEIL-HEAD, S. The same with weil. They douked in at ae weil-head, And out ay at the other.

Minstrelsy, Border, xi. 47. To W E L L , W A L L , v.a. 1. To forge, in the way of beating two or more pieces of metal into one mass, by means of heat, S.; weld, E. See Sup.

Ane huge grete semely tergett, or ane scheild, Quhilk onlie micht resisting into feild Agane the dynt of Latyn wappinnis all, In euery place seuen ply thay well and cal.

Doug. Virgil, 258, 16. Rudd. refers to A.S. well-en, furere, aestuare; " because,

before the separate pieces can be incorporated, they must be almost boyling hot." This learned writer does not seem to have observed, that the A.S. v. signifies to be hot, or very hot, in general. Hence weallende fyr, fervens ignis. Bryne the weaUeth on helk, Incendinm quod fervet in inr ferno ; Lye. As far as we can judge from analogy, this seems to be the origin. For Su.G. waell-a, aestuare, is used in the same sense, signifying also to weld. Seren., however, thinks that it may be traced to Isl. vaul-r, vol-r, jugum in cultro, versus aciem ; as in Sw. aeggwella yxor, ferrum securibus jungere, ut apta fiat acies. 2. In a neut. sense, to be incorporated; used metaph.

Thy Lords chaste loue, and thy licentious lusts From thy divided soule one other thrusts. Pleasure in him, and fleshlie pleasure fall So foule at strife, they can, nor mixe nor wall.

More's True Crucifixe, p. 200. 3. To Wall to. To comply with; to consent to; from the idea of uniting metals into one mass. *?. As v. n. it is also used literally. Coals are said to wall,

S., when they mix together, or form into a cake. WELL, s. Good; nearly the same with E. weal.

" The wise man Solomon, the mirrour of wisdome, and wondir of the world, was sent into this world as a spye from God for the well of man." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, pp. 477, 478.

W E L L IS. Well is that man in whose mouth this word is put; an old phraseology. *?.

W E L L E , s. Green sward. Al in gleterand golde gayly ho glides The gates, with Sir Gawayn, bi the grene weile.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 3. It seems evident, that this is originally the same with

Fail, a. v. WELL-EY, W A L L E E , S. That part of a quagmire, or shaking marsh, in which there is a spring. *?. " Thay knew nocht the ground, and fell sumtymes in

swardis of mossis & sumtyme in Well Eys." Bellend. Cron. B. v. c. 3. Qu. the ee or eye of the spring. V. WELE, «.

661

W E L L - H E A D , S. The spring which supplies a marsh. *?. WELL-STRAND, S, A stream from a spring. *?. WELL-GRASS, s. Water-cresses. Syn. Well-kerses. *?. WELLIT, Houlate, ii. 15.

The wayis quhair the wicht went wer in wa wellit, Wes nane sa sture in the steid mycht stand him as ta r t.

This may either signify, drowned in sorrow, from A.S. waell-an, aestuare; or, vexed with sorrow, Su.G. waell-a, angere, A.S. waeled, waelid, vexatus.

WELL-KERSES, s. pi. Water-cresses, S. called also wall- or well-grass. A.S. wille-cerse, rivorum, i. e. aquaticum nasturtium;

from wille, scaturigo, rivus, and cerse, nasturtium. WELL-MAKER,*. A person who digs or forms wells.*?. WELL-SET, part. adj. Well-disposed; partial. *?. WELL-SITTING, part. adj. Favourably disposed. S. W E L L - W I L L A N D , s. A wellwisher. "

—All othire gudis halyly, That laugyd til hym, or til hys men, And of his welle-willandis then, Of this Erie the mychty kyn Had gert bathe hery, wast, and bryn.

V, WEIL-WILLIE. Wyntown, vii. 9. 562. WELL-WILLING, adj. Complacent.

" They came in a loving & well-willing manner to en­quire."-^—Mr. Ja. Melvill's MS. Men* p. 298.

W E L S C H E , adj. Insipid. V . W A L S H . To W E L T , v. a. 1. To throw ; to drive.

For the Troianis, or euer thay wald ceis, Thare as the thekest rout was and maist preis, Ane huge wecht or hepe of mekil stanys Ruschis and weltis doun on thame attanis.

Doug. Virgil, 295, 32. 2. v. n. To roll.

And than forsoith the granys men micht here Of thaym that steruyng and doun bettin bene, That armour, wappinnis, and dede corps bedene, And stedis thrawand on the ground that weltis, Mydlit with men, quhilk yeild tbe goist and sweltis.

Doug. Virgil, 387, 1. i. e. Which roll on the ground in agony, or in the throes

of death. A. Bor. to wait, to totter, to lean one way; to over­

throw. Moes.G. walt-ian, A.S. waelt-an, Isl. vaelt-a, Dan. vaelt-er, volvere, Lat. volut-are. Welter has thesame origin ; although more immediately allied to Teut. welter-en, Sw. weltr-a, Fr. veaultr-er.

To W E L T E R , v. a. 1. To roll. To welter a cart, S. to turn it upside down. The E. v. seems to be used only in an active sense; although O.E. waultre is synon. with wallow ; Huloet. V. W E L T .

For sura welteris ane grete stane vp ane bra, Of quhom in noumer is Sisyphus ane of tha.

Doug. Virgil, 186, 12. 2. To overturn.

Thare is na state of thare style that standis content, Knycht, clerk nor commoun, Burges, nor barroun, All wald haue vp that is doun,

Welterit the went.—Doug. Virgil, Prol. 239, a. 20. W E L T E R E R , W A L T E R A R , S. A person who overturns by violent means. 8.

W E L T H , s. 1. Welfare; Wyntown. 2. Abundance of any thing, S. W E M E L E S , adj.. Blameless; immaculate.

Thow sail rew in thy ruse, wit thow but wene,

W E N W E R Or thou wonde of this wane wemeks away.

Gawan and Gol. i. 8. " Without appetite," Gl. Pink. But it is merely A.S,

wem-leas, faultless. V. W E I N . W E M M Y T , part. pa. Disfigured; scared.

Sa fast till hewyn was his face, That it our all ner wemmyt was. Or he the Lord Douglas had sene, He wend his face had wemmyt bene. Bot neuir a hurt tharin had he. Quhen he unwemmyt gan it se, fie said that he had gret ferly That swilk a knycht, and sa worthi, And pryssyt of sa gret bounte, Mycht iu the face unwemmyt be. And he answerd thar to mekly, And said, " Lowe God, all tym had I " Handis my hed for to wer."

Barbour, xx. 368. 370. M S . Mr. Pink. expl. v. 368. " His face was all hewed as

with a chissel, scared with wounds." This is undoubtedly the sense. But neither in his, nor in any former edition, as far as I have observed, is the reading of the M S . given. He gives wonnyt, and unwonnyt. In other editions we find wounded and unwounded.

A.S. waemm-an, wemm-an, to corrupt, to vitiate, to make foul; wemm, a blot, a blemish; Somner., A, Bor.

To W E N D I N , v. n. To wane; to decrease. Than will no bird be blyth of the in boure; Quhen thy manheid sail wendin as the mone, Thow sail assay gif that my song be seur.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 132. From Teut. wend-en, vertere, or A.S. wan-ian, decre-

scere, whence E. wane. W E N E , s. Hut wene, doubtless.

This gowand graithit with sic grit greif, He on his wayis wiethly went, but wene.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 133. A.S. wene, opinio, conjectura; Somner.

W E N E , s. A vestige or mark by which one discovers his way.

I knaw and felis the wenys and the way Of the auld fyre, and flamb of luffis hete.

Doug. Virgil, 100, 6. Evidently the same with the preceding word.

To W E N G , v. a. To avenge. He tuk purpos for to rid

With a gret ost in Scotland ; For to weng him, with stalwart hand, Off tray, of trawaill, and of tene, That done tharin till him had bene.

Fr. veng-er. Barbour, xviii. 232. M S . WENNYNG, WENNYT, Barbour, v. 171.273. V. W O N -

NYNG.

WENSDAY,*. Wednesdays Huloet. Abcedar. Belg. Weensdagh, Isl. Wonsdag ,• i. e. the day conse­

crated to Woden or Odin. To W E N T , v. n. To go ; A. Bor. wend, id.

And thy Ferand, Mynerve my der, Sail rycht to Paryss went, but wer.

Barbour, iv. 257, MS. Scho prayde he wald to the Lord Persye went.

Wallace, i. 330. MS. Hys maich Pompey sail strecht agane him went With rayit oistis of the oryent.—Doug. Virgil, 195,29. This seems formed from A.S. wend-an, ire, procedere;

whence O.E. wend, commonly used by our writers. Alem! went-en is synon. with wend-en, yertere,

662

O.E. Wensdaye, id.

W E N T , S. 1. A way, course in a voyage. And now agane ye sal! torne in your went, Bere to your Prince this my charge and commande-

raent. Doug. Virgil, 214, 55. Swiftlye we slide ouer bullerand wallis grete, And followit furth the samyn went we haue, Quharto the wind and sterisman vs draue.

Cursum, Virg. Ibid.'L76, 40. 2. A passage.

From that place syne vnto ane caue we went, Vnder ane hyngand heuch in ane dern went.

Doug. Virgil, 75, 22. 3. The course of affairs; metaph. used.

All wald haue vp that is doun, Welterit the went.—Doug. Virgil, Prol. 939, a. 20.

V. WELTER.

Alem. went-en, vertere; allewent, quoquoversum, ubique. To W E R , W E R E , W E I R E , v. a. To defend ; to guard.

— H e answerd thar to mekly, And said, " Lowe God, all tym had I " Handis my hed for to wer."—Barbour, xx. 370. MS. Wallace wesyd quhar Butler schup to be; Thiddyr he past that entre for to wer, On ilka syd thai sailye with gret for.

Wallace, xi. 425. MS. For thi manheid this forthwart to me fest, Quhen that thow seis thow may no langer lest On this ilk place, quhilk I haiff tane to wer, That thow cum furth, and all othir forber.

Ibid. ver. 489. MS. Sen thi will is to wend, wy, now in weir, Luke that wisly thow wirk. Christ were the fra wa,

Gawan and Gol. i. 5. On fut suld be all Scottis weire, Be hyll and mosse thaim self to weire. Lat wod for wallis be, bow, and speire, That innymeis do thaim na dreire.— This is the counsall and intent Of gud King Robert's testament.

Fordun. Scotichr. ii. 232. N. Drei?-e, perhaps errat. for deir, dere, injury. A.S. waer-ian, wer-ian, Su.G. war-a, waer-ia, Isl. ver-ia,

Alem. uuer-ien, Germ, wehr-en, Belg. weer-en, defendere, tueri. Moes.G. war-jan, to forbid. Ihre has observed, that, in most languages, " these two ideas of prohibition and defence have been conjoined, the same words being used for expressing both." Aud indeed, what is a prohi­bition, but the defence of some object in a particular way, —by the interposition of the authority of him who claims a right to forbid the use of it to others; the prohibition being generally enforced by a certain penalty ? Hence waard, custodia, E. guard.

W E R , W A R , adj. Aware ; wary. This ilk man, fra he beheld on for Troyane habitys, and of our armour was wer, At the first sicht he styntit and stude aw.

Doug. Virgil, 88, 34. Or ye bene war apoun you wil thay be.—Ibid. 44,46.

Su.G. war, videns, qui rem quandam videt, Germ, gewar, Ihre.; from war-a, videre. The same analogy may be re­marked in Gr. (Zfo?r.a, which primarily signifies to see; in a secondary sense, to take heed, to act with caution or circumspection.

WER, W E R E , adj. Worse. *?. W E R D , s. Fate. V. WEIRD. WERDY, adj. Worthy; deserving, S.B. wardy.

M y werdy Lordis, sen that ye haif on hand Sum reformatioun to mak into this land, And als ye knaw it is the Kingis mynd,

W E R W E R Quhilk to the Commoun Weill hes ay bene kind, Thocht reiff and thift war stanchit weill anewch, Yit sumthing mair belangis to the plewch.

Lyndsay, S.P.R, ii. 161. Teut. weerdigh, Sw. werdig, id. from werd, pretium.

W E R D I E , s. The youngest or feeblest bird in a nest, Fife ; synon. tvrig, wallidraggle. Isl. war, deficient; wardt, quod aliqua sui parte deficit; G. Andr. p. 247.

W E R E , W E R , W E I R , W E E R , S. 1. Doubt; hesitation ; S.B. But were, for owtyn wer, undoubtedly.

Bot he fulyt, for owtyn wer, That gaiff throuch till that creatur.

Barbour, iv. 222. MS. Saynct Awstyne gert thame of Ingland The rewle of Pask weile wndyrstand, That befor thai had in were, Quhill he thare-of made knawlage clere.

Wyntown, v. 13. 79. And of youre moblis and of all vthir gere Ye will me serf siclike, I have na were.

Doug. Virgil, 482, 38. 2. Apprehension, fear, I haif nae weir of that, I have no fear of it, S.B. This seems evidently the sense in the following passage,

in which Dunbar represents the devil as going off in fiery smoke.

With him methocht all the house end he towk, And I awoik as wy that wes in weir.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 26. In wehere, as used by R. Brunne, although expl. " cau­

tious, wary," Gl. evidently signifies, in fear. Mykelle was the drede thorgh out paemie, That Cristendam at nede mot haf suilk cheualrie. The Soudan was tn wehere the cristen had suilke oste, Sir Edwarde's powere ouer alle he dred moste.

P. 228. Were is used by Gower, apparently in the sense of doubt. Ha father, be nought in a were. I trowe there be no man lesse Of any maner worthinesse, That halt hym lasse worthy than I To be beloued Conf. Am. Fol. 18, b.

It is also used by Chaucer, Rom. Rose, v. 5699, as sig­nifying confusion, according to Tyrwhitt, who derives it from Fr. guerre, which is the term used in the original. This is analogous to the idea thrown out by Rudd. " Per­haps it may be nothing else but the S. weir, i. e. war." In sense second, however, it might seem allied to Belg. vaer, fear. Nor is the conjecture made by Skinner unnatural, that were, as signifying doubt, may be from A.S. waere, ware, cautio; butan ware, sine cautione: for, says he, he who doubts exercises caution. It may be added, that the A.S. phrase greatly resembles our but were.

WERE, W E R , WEIR, S. War, S. Horssis ar dressit for the bargane fele syis, Were and debait thyr steidis signifyis.

Doug. Virgil, 86, 34. To seik Wallace thai went all furth in feyr, A thousand men weill garnest for the wer.

Wallace, iv. 527. MS. Pembroke's a name to Britain dear For learning and brave deeds of weir.

Ramsay's Poems, l. 140. Weir is still used in this sense, S.B. V. JOUKKY-

PAUCKRIT.

Hence Feir of Were. V. FEIR. A-S. waer, Alem. Germ, wer, O.Belg. werre, Fr. guerre,

L.B. werr-a, guerr-a. Hence, W E R E - M A N , W E I B - M A N , W E R - M A N , S. A soldier.

663

Syne on that were man ruschit he in tene. Doug. Virgil, 352, 47.

" Becaus he knew na thyng mair odious than seditioun amang weir-men he maid afald concord amang his pepyll." Bellend. Cron. B. i. Fol. 6, a.

Thir wermen tuk off venysoune gud wayn. Wallace, viii. 947. M S .

W E R E - H O R S E , W E I R - H O R S E , S. I. A war-horse.

' Or he was near a mile awa,' She heard bis weir-horse sneeze ; " Mend up the fire, my fause brother, " Its nae come to my knees."

Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 78. 2. " Weir-horse,m Moray, at present, signifies a stallion, without any respect to his being employed as a char­ger." Ibid. vol. ii. Gl.

W E R E L Y , W E I R L Y , adj. Warlike.

On bois helmes and scheildis the werely schot Maid rap for rap, reboundand with ilk stot.

Doug. Virgil, 301, 51. Of ferss Achill the weirly deids [dedis] sprang, In Troy and Greice, quhyle he in vertue rang.

Bellend. Evergreen, i. 46. W E R E - W A L L , W E I R - W A L L , S. A defence in war, murus

bellicus ; a designation given to the gallant and illus­trious house of Douglas.

Off Scotland the weir-wall, wit ye but wene, Our fais forses to defend, and unselyeable.

Houlate, ii. 6. MS. The same designation is given to this family, Bellend.

Cron. B. xiv. c. 8. W E R I O U R , W E R Y E R , S. 1. A warrior. >

Thare anerdis to our nobill to note, quhen hym nedis, Tuelf crounit kingis in feir, With all thair Strang poweir, And meny wight weryer Worthy in wedis. Gawan and Gol. ii. 8.

2. A n antagonist, Bot thrang hir foreschip formest, as sche mocht, So that Pristis hir weriour al the way Hir forestam by hir myd schip haldis ay.

Doug. Virgil, 133, 43. To W E R Y , W E R R Y , W Y R R I E , V. a. 1. To strangle.

The first monstres of his stepmoder sie Ligging ane bab in creddil stranglit he, That is to say, twa grete serpentis perfay, The quhilk he weryil with his handis tway.

Doug. Virgil, 251, 31. Children I had in all vertewis perfyte, To Peice and Justice was thair haill delyte. Sum of displesure deit for wo and cair, Sum wyrreit was, and blawin in the air ; And sum in Stirling schot was to the deid, That mair was gevin to peice nor civile faid.

Lament. L. Scotland, A. iii. a. 6. In that verse, Sum wyrreit, &c„ the author evidently

alludes to the murder of Darnley. 2. To worry.

It happynyde syne at a huntyng Wytht wolwys hym to weryde be.

Wyntown, iii. 3. 129. He has sum younge grete oxin slane,

Or than werryit the nolthird on the plane. Doug. Virgil, 394, 35.

Teut. worghen, O.Sax. wurg-en, suffocare, strangulare; jugulare,necare. Germ.worg, obstructio gutturis, Wachter.

W E R Y , s. Cross; vexation. Thafs the wery of it, Orkn. A.S. werig, malignus, infestus, execrabilis.

roWERY,».a. To curse. V.WARY,WARYE,WERRAY,?.

W E R W E S

W E R Y , adj. 1. Infirm from disease. 2. Feeble, in a political sense. V. W E A R Y . *?.

W E R I N G , s. Perhaps, measurement or estimation.*?, W E R I O U R , s. A maligner; a detractor.

You to pleis I sett all schame behynd, Offering me to my weriouris wilfully, Quhilk in myne E fast staris ane mote to spy.

V. W E R V , S. Doug. Virgil, 482, 23. To WERK, v. n. To ache. V. W A R K . To WERK, v. n. To work. V. WIRK. WERK, S. Work.

Quhen Wallas thus this worthi werk had wrocht, Thar horss he tuke, and ger that lewyt was thar.

Wallace, i. 434. M S . Sw. O.Dan. Germ. Belg. werk, A.S. weorc, Isl. verk.

W E R K - L O M E , W A R K - LOOM, S. A working tool. V . L O M E .

W E R K M A N , S. A tradesman ; as a goldsmith. *?. W E R L Y , adj. Warily; cautiously.

Consider it werly, rede ofter than anys, Weil at ane blenk sie poetry not tane is.

Doug. Virgil, Pref. 5. 1.

WERLOT, s. VARLET. Obey and ceis the pky that thou pretends,

Weak waly-draig and werlot of the carts. Kennedy, Evergreen, ii. 49.

Here there is undoubtedly an allusion to playing at cards. Werlot is the knave. V. V A R L O T .

I know not, if there be any affinity to A.S. waerlotas, astutiae, fraudes, policies, guiles, &c. Somner.

W E R N A G E , s. Provision laid up in a garrison. V. VERNAGE.

WERNOURE, s. " A covetous wretch ; a miser." Sum wernoure for this warldis wrak wendis by hys

wyt. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238, b. 53. Perhaps from A.S. georn, avidus, cupidus, geornor,

avidior. It may, however, be from Su.G. warn-a, to de­fend, q. one who anxiously guards his property; or who lays up in store. V. W A R N S T O R .

Rudd. views this as probably the same with Warnard,O.E. Wel thou wotest warnard, but if thou wilt gabbe, Thou hast hanged on me, halfe a leuen times, And also griped my gold, giue it wher the liked.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 14. b. To W E R R A Y , v. a. To make war upon.

I trow he sail nocht mony day Haiff will to werray that couutre.

Barbour, ix. 646. M S . This is radically the same with Here, Su.G. haer, exer-

citus. 7b WERRAY, v.a. To curse. V. W A R Y . WERRAY, adj. True. V. WARRAY. WERRAMENT, VERRAYMENT, S. Truth.

It is for gud that he is fra ws went It sail ye se, trast weill, in werrament.

Wallace, ix. 1205. M S . Efter my sempill intendement, .

I sail declair the suith and verrayment. Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 249.

Fr. vrayement, in truth. WERSELL, s. V. W A R D AND WARSELL. *?. WERSH, adj. Insipid. V. WARSCH. To WERSIL, v. n. To wrestle. V. WARSELL. W E R S L E T E , s. Wyntown, vi. 16. 16.

Hym-self wyth bow, and wyth werslete, Fra slak til hyll, oure holme and hycht, He trawalyd all day, quhill the nycht H y m partyd fra hys cumpany.

664

Mr. Macpherson views it as perhaps an error " for corskt, a light kind of armour for the body, such as might be pro­per to wear in hunting." But the corslet must rather have been an encumbrance in hunting. The connexion would indicate that the term denotes a quiver, perhaps from Belg. weer, arms, or wyr, an arrow, and sluyt-en, to enclose, q. an implement for holding arrows. Or, light raiment, Su.G. war, tegmen,(Isl. ver, substamen,) and laett, levis, or slaett, simplex; as we still say, a licht wear.

W E R T E W S , s. pi. Accomplishments, particularly in relation to music. *?.

W E R T H , fi. Fate ; destiny; for werd or weird. All mirth in this yerth

Is fra me gone, soche is m y wickid werth. Henrysone's Test. Creseide, Chron. S.P.i. 169.

W E R T H A R , adj. More worthy, I wow to God, ma I thi maistyr be In ony feild, thow sail for werthar de Than sail a Turk, for thi fals cruell wer; Pagans till ws dois nocht so mekill der.

Wallace, x. 494. M S . These are the words of Wallace to Bruce, at their pre­

tended interview on the banks of Carron. He declares, that Bruce deserved death more than a Turk. In edit. 1648, rather is substituted. Moes.G. wairths, Su.G. waerd, werd, Germ, wert, A.S. weorth, dignus, weorthra, dignior. Junius inverts the etymon, deriving the substantive from the adjective. V. W E R D V .

W E S A K , W Y S A R . S. A visor. Graym turnd tharwith, and smate that knycht in teyn, Towart the wesar, a litill be neth the eyn.

Wallace, x. 386. MS. Ane othir awkwart apon the face tuk he, Wysar and frount bathe in the feild gert fie.

Ibid. viii. 829, M S. To W E S C H E , v. a. To wash; part. pa. weschyn.

All blude and slauchter away was weschyn clene. Doug. Virgil, 307, 49.

W E S C H E , s. Stale urine. V. W A S H . W E S C H E L L , VESCHELL, S. A term denoting all the plate, dishes, &c. used at table in a great house. *?.

W E S C H A L E - A L M E R Y , S. An ambry for holding vessels.*?. WE'SE. W e shall; Tse, I shall; Ye'se, ye shall. *?. W E S E L Y , adv. Cautiously.

And with them baid in that place hundrys thre Off westland men was oysyt in jeperte, Apon wycht horss that wesely coud ryd.

Wallace, x. 309. MS. Warly and warily, in editions. I know not the origin,

if it be not allied to Wasie, or Vesie, q. v. To W E S Y , v.a. 1.To examine. 2. To visit. V.VESIE.*?. W E S S E E L , W A S S E L , adv. Westward. *?. To W E S T , v. a. To vest; to invest. 8. W E S T E R , s. The name used in Loth., instead of Leister, for a fish-spear. It has sometimes four or five prongs.

W E S T L A N D , WESTLIN, adj. Western. " Our westland shires had, in the rates of monthly main­

tenance in bygone times, been burthened above other shires." Baillie's Lett, ii. 344. From the use of westland by Blind Harry, (V. W E S E L Y

above,) the origin is obvious. W E S T L A N D E R , S. A n inhabitant of the west of Scotland.*?. WESTLINS, WESTLINES, adv. Towards the west, S.

Now frae th' east nook of Fife the dawn Speel'd westlines up the lift ;

Carles, wha heard the cock had craw'n, Begoud to rax and rift. Ramsay's PoemSf i. 270.

W H A W H E W E T FINGER. With a small effort. *?. W E T H Y , «. A halter.

Yhit swa werayid he thame then, That thai, that provyd war til hym fals, Wyth rapys and wethyis abowt thare hals, Put thame in-to the Kyngis will, Quhat-ewyre hym lykyd to do thame til.

Wyntown, vii. 9. 388. Perhaps the nominative is weth, like rape, and E. withe. Than xx men he gart fast wetheis thraw.

V. WIDDIE. Wallace, vii. 410. MS.

W E T I N G , s. Knowledge, S. witlings. ' A!' quod Waynour,' I wys yit weten I wolde, ' What wrathed God most, at thi weting ?'

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 19. i. e. " I would know, what, to thy knowledge, most

provoked God ?" A.S. weot-an, to know, to wit.

W E U C H , s. W o ; mischief; evil, V. W O U C H . To WEVIL, v. n. To wriggle, S. It seems to have the same origin with WE F F I L , q. v.

W E W L E C K , W E W L O C K , S. An instrument for making ropes of straw, for thatching corn-stacks. 8.

W E W P I T , part. pa. Bound. V. OO P . *?. To W E X , v. a. To vex; to disturb. 8. W E Z , pron. Us ; in some places, We. *?. *** W H . For words not found here, V. Q U H . W H is changed in .Fin the northern counties of S. V,

FAT, pron. used for What. 8. W H A , pron. Who, used indefinitely for a person. *?. W H A T O B E M A R R I E D FIRST. A gameat cards, *?. WHAAP, WHAP,S. A curlew. V. QUHAIP, QUHAUP. *?. WHAAP-NEB, s. The auld whaap-neb, the devil. *?. To WHACK, v. n. To quack. *?. WHACKER, s. Any thing very large of its kind, *?. WE1AE, pron. Who. *?. WHAILING, s. A lashing with a rope's end. *?. To W H A I N G L E , v. n. To whine, S.B. a dimin. from QUHYNGE, q. V.

To W H A I S H , v. n. To wheeze as one having a cold, *?. To WHAISK, W H E S K , V. n. 1. To speak with a husky voice; to speak with difficulty from any affection in

' the throat. 2. To emit a noise like one who strives to dislodge something that has stuck in his throat; to hawk. 3. To gasp violently for breath. *?.

WHAISKIN, S. The act of speaking with such a voice. *?. To W H A I S L E , W H O S L B , V. n. To breathe, like one in the asthma, S.

He whaisled an' hostit as he cam in,— Syne wytit the reek an' the frosty win'.

Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 347. A.S. hweos-an, Isl. Su.G. hwaes-a, E. wheeze.

WHAISLE, W H E A S L E , s. The wheezing sound emitted

by the lungs when one has a severe cold. *?. W H A M , s. A wide and flat glen, usually applied to one through which a brook runs. V. Q U H A M . *?.

W H A M , W H A U M , S. A blow. *?. To W H A M B L E , v. a. To overturn. V. QUHEMLE. *?. W H A M L E , S. The state of being turned upside down. *?. W H A M P L E , s. A stroke; a blow. Syn. Whap. S. WHAN-A'-BE, WHEN-A'-BE, adv. However ; notwith­standing ; after all; q. When, or although, all be. S.

W H A N G , s. 1. A thong; metaph., a slice. 2. A blow or lash with a whip, S. A. Bor. V. Q U H A I N G . *?.

TOWHAKG,V. a. l.Toflog. 2.TocutdowninlargesIices.*?.

VOL . II. 665

WHA N G - B I T , S. A bridle made of leather. *?. To W H A N K , v.a. 1. To beat; to flog; Whauk, synon.

2. To cut off large portions. S. W H A N K , S. A stroke, properly with the fist. *?. W H A N K E R , S. Something larger than common. *?. W H A P , s. A stroke or blow. *?. WHAPIE.fi. Used as a dimin. from whelp, S.whalp.S. W H A P P E R , s. Any thing excessive in its kind. *?. To W H A RLE, v. n. To pronounce the letter r with too much force; to Whur, E. Syn. Hour, Burr. S.

W H A T E N , adj. What kind of? V. Q U H A T K Y N . *?. W H ATFOR, adv. For what reason; why; wherefore. *?. W H A T Y , adj. Expl. " indifferent."

— A quarter of whaty whete is chaunged for a colt of ten markes.

Prophecy, Thomas of Ercildone, Harl. MSS. " The mention of the exchange betwixt a colt worth

ten markes, and a quarter of ' whaty (indifferent) wheat,' seems to allude to the dreadful famine, about the year 1388." Minstrelsy, Border, II. 284.

WHAT-LIKE, adj. Resembling what, used interro­gatively ; as, What-like i'st ? What does it resemble ? *?.

W H A T - R A C K . An exclamation expressive of surprise. W H A T R E C K , conj. Notwithstanding. V. RAIK, s. Care. To W H A U K , v. a. 1. To strike ; to beat, properly with the open hand, S. thwack, E.

2. To slash ; to cut severely with any sharp instrument; to scourge. To Whauk down, to cut in large slices.*?. 3. Used metaph.

And why should we let whimsies bawk us, When joy's in season,

And thole sae aft the spleen to whauk us Out of our reason ?

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 349. W H A U K , S. 1, A smart stroke ; the act of thwacking,

2. A large slice. 8. W H A U M , s. I. A hollow part ofa field. 2. A glen. 3. A hollow in a hill or mountain. V. CORRIE. *?.

W H A U P , s. A curlew. V. QUHAIP,

To W H A U P , v. n. To send forth pods. Syn. Swap. 8. W H A U P , S. A pod; a capsule. Syn. Swap, Shaup. S. To W H A U P , v. n. To wheeze. *?. W H A U P - N E B , W H A A P - N E B , S. 1. The beak of a cur­

lew. 2, The auld whaap-neb, a periphrasis for the devil. WHAUP-NEBBIT, adj. Having a long nose. *?. W H A U R I E , s. A term applied to an ill-grown child,

Ang. C.B. chuarae, Arm. hoari, ludere ? W H A W K I E , s. A low designation for whisky. *?. To W H E A K , WE E K , V. n. 1. To squeak, S. 2. To whine ; to complain. 3. To whistle at intervals, S. *?. Isl. quak-a, leviter clamitare,

W H E A K , W E E K , S. The act of squeaking, a squeaking

sound, S. To WHEASLE, v. n. V. WHAISLE. *?. W H E E G E E , s. 1. A whim ; a maggot. 2. In pi. Super­fluous trappings; ornaments of dress. *?.

W H E E G I L , s. A piece of wood used, on the harvest-field, to push in the end of the straw-rope with which a sheaf is bound. *?.

WTHEEL, s. A whirlpool or eddy. *?. W H E E L I E C R U S E , s. A churchyard. S. W H E E L I N , s. Coarse worsted, S. V. FINGERIN, To W H E E M E R , v. n. To go about muttering com­plaints and disapprobation. *?.

W H E E N , s. 1. A number; a quantity. 2. A division. *?. 4P

W H E W H I

WHEEN, s. Queen. S. ToWREEE,v.n. l.To give a sharp whistle at intervals, S. 2. To squeak, S.

Su.G. hwip-a, to hoop or whoop; Isl, oep-a, clamare; Moes.G. wop-jan, id. A.S. hweop, clamor.

To W H E E P L E , V. ». 1. To whistle like a whaup. 2. To whistle with a shrill wailing note as plovers. *?.

3. To make an ineffectual attempt to whistle; also, to whistle in a low and flat tone, S. In the latter sense, Sowf is synon. See Sup. This term is evidently allied to E. whiffle, as sometimes

signifying to whistle, tibia canere ; Seren. W H E E P L E , S. A shrill intermitting note, with little variation of tone, S. also wheeffle. " I wad na gie the wheepk of a whaup for a' the nightin­

gales that ever sang." Statist. Ace. vii. 601. N. V. QUHAIP. W H E E P S , s.pl. The name given to the instrument used for raising what are called the bridge-heads of a mill, S.B.

WHEERIKINS,WHiRKiNs,fi.j9/. Thehips. "I'll whauk your wheerikins," I'll beat your breech for you. *?.

W H E E R I M , s. Any thing insignificant. *?. W H E E R N Y , s. A very gentle breeze. 8. W H E E R U M , s. A toy; a plaything. S. W H E E S H T , interj. and s. Whist! 8. To W H E E S K , v. n. To creak, but not very harshly. *?. W H E E S K , S. A creaking sound, *?• W H E E T I E , QUHEETIE, adj. Mean ; scurvy; shabby.*?. W H E E T I E , s. The Whitethroat; Motacilla sylvia. *?. WHEETIE-WHITEBEARD, S. The Whitethroat. *?. To W H E E T L E , v.n. A term to denote the peeping sound emitted by young birds, especially by pullets. *?.

W H E E T L E , S. The peeping sound made by young birds. *?. W H E E T L E , S. A duckling, or a young duck. *?. To W H E E T L E , v. n. To wheedle. *?. W H E E Z A N , s. The noise of carriage wheels in rapid motion. *?•

W H E E Z E , s. An act of whizzing produced by flame. *?. To W H E E Z I E , V. n. To blaze with a whizzing noise. *?. WHEEZIE, S. A blaze accompanied by whizzing noise. *?. To WHEEZIE, v. a. To pull pease by stealth. *?. WHE E Z I E , S. The act of pulling pease by stealth. *?. W H E E Z L E , s. The act of wheasing. ' *?. WHEEZLE-RUNG,*. A stick used by country-people for lifting a large boiling pot off the fire. *?.

WHEEZLOCH.s. The state of being short-winded.*?. To W H E G L E , v. n. To wheedle; to cajole. *?. WHEY-BIRD, s. The wood-lark; Alauda arborea. *?. W H E Y - D R O P , W H E Y - D R A P , S. A putrifying hole in a cheese, resembling an ulcer. *?.

WH E Y - E Y E , W H E Y - E E , S. Synon. with Whey-drop. *?. W H E Y L K I N , s. Lively, coy motions. *?. WHEY-SEY, s. A tub in which milk is curdled. *?. W H E Y - W H U L L I O N S , s. pi. A dish of flummery prepared by beating down all the porridge left at breakfast among fresh whey, with some oat-meal, which, after being boiled for some hours, was eaten by the peasantry with bread, instead of broth. *?.

WHELEN. Whelen is the comli knight, If hit be thi wille ? Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 2.

Who, as Mr. Pink, conjectures. If this be the meaning, it is probably an error of some transcriber for wheteen; Su.G. hwilken, id.

666

WHEN-A'-BE, adv. However ; after all. *?. To WHESK, v. n. V. WHAISK. 8. To W H E W , v. n. To whistle shrilly, like plovers. *?. W H E Z L E , s. The vulgar name for a weasel, mustela. *?. W HICKIE, adj. Crafty ; knavish. *?. W H I C K I N G , s. A term to express the cry of pigs. *?. W H I D , s. A falsehood of an indirect kind. *?.

I have met with this word only in the following passage; Ev'n ministers they hae been kenn'd,— A rousing whid at times to vend,

And nail't wi' scripture. Burns, iii. 40. V. QUHYD, S. See Sup.

To W H I D , W H U D , v. n. To fib; to equivocate. *?.

To W H I D , v. n. To move nimbly and lightly without noise,— To W H I D back and forret. To move back­wards and forwards with a quick motion. *?,

W H I D D E R , s. A gust of wind. V. QUHIDDER. *?, W H I D D Y , adj. Unsteady; unstable. A whiddywind. 8. W H I D D I E , s. A name for a hare. *?. T O W H I D D L E , V. n. To proceed lightly and rapidly. 8. WHIFFINGER, s. A vagabond. V. WA F F I N G E R . *?. W H I G , W H I G G , S. 1. A thin and sour liquid, of the lacteous kind. V. W I G G .

2, A name imposed on those in the seventeenth cen­tury, who adhered to the Presbyterian cause in S. By rigid Episcopalians, it is still given to Presby­terians in general; and, in the West of S., even by the latter, to those who, in a state of separation from the established church, profess to adhere more strictly to Presbyterian principles. The origin of the term has been variously accounted

for, by different writers. " The South-west counties of Scotland have seldom

corn enough to serve them round the year: and the north­ern parts producing more than they need, those in the west come in the summer to buy at Leith the stores that come from the north : and from a word Wiggam, used in driving their horses, all that drove were called the Whig-gamors, and shorter the Whiggs. Now in that year [1648], after the news came down of Duke Hamilton's defeat, the ministers animated their people to rise, and march to Edin­burgh ; and they came up marching on the head of their parishes, with an unheard-of fury, praying and preaching all the way as they came. The Marquis of Argyll and his party, came and headed them, they being about 6000. This was called the Whiggamors inroad: and, ever after that, all that opposed the court, came, in contempt, to be called Whiggs: and from Scotland the word was brought into England, where it is now one of our unhappy terms of distinction," Burnet's Own Times, I. 58. " The poor honest people, who were in raillery called

Whiggs, from a kind of milk they were forced to drink in their wandrings and straits, became name-fathers to all who espoused the interest of Liberty and Property through Britain and Ireland." Wodrow's Hist, I. 263, The latter is the etymon generally adopted. But the

former is more probable, even in the opinion of Wodrow, who adds; " If the reader would have another, and per­haps better origination of the word, he may consult Bur­net's Memoirs of the House of Hamilton." Ibid. The common etymon is liable to this objection, that it

is founded on a fact which was posterior to the use of the term. The other receives confirmation from the title of a ludicrous poem in MS. penes auct. " The Whiggamer Road into Edinburghe. To the tune of Graysteell; 28th November 1648." It bears the same date at the end. A. Bor. whig is expl., " a beverage made with whey and

herbs;" Gl. Grose.

W H I W H I W H I G , W I G , S. A species offline wheaten bread.

" Whigs, Chelsea buns." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ., n. 151. V. WYG. r

To W H I G , v. n. To go quickly. Syn. Whid.—To W H I G Awa,v.n. To move at an easy and steady pace; to jog.*?.

To W H I G , v. n. Churned milk, when it is kept long and throws off a sediment, is said to whig. S.

W H I G A M O R E , s. A cant term of the same meaning with Whig, but apparently more contemptuous. *?.

W H I G G E R Y , fi. The notions or practices ofa Whig. 8. To W H I G G L E , W H I G G L E along, v. n. To wriggle; to waddle; the same with Wiggle. V. W A I G L E . 8.

To W H I G G L E , v. n. To trifle. *?. WHIGGLE, S. A trifle; a toy; a kickshaw; a gimcrack.*?. WHIGMELEERIE, s. 1, The name of a ridiculous game which was occasionally used, in Angus, at a drinkjng club. A pin was stuck in the centre of a circle, from which there were as many radii as there were persons in the company, with the name of each person at the radius opposite to him. On the pin an index was placed, and moved round by every one in his turn; and at whatsoever person's radius it stopped, he was obliged to drink off his glass. This is one, among many expedients, that have been

devised for encouraging dissipation. As the term has most probably had a ludicrous origin,

it may have arisen from contempt of the Whigs ; as the people of Angus were generally not very friendly to them, and might thus intend to ridicule what fhey accounted the austerity of their manners. 2. In pi. Whigmeleeries, " whims, fancies, crotchets," Gl. Burns, S.

But gin ye be a brig as auld as me,— There '11 be, if that date come, I '11 wad a boddle, Some fewer whigmeleeries in your noddle.

Burns, iii. 54. 3. A fantastical ornament in masonry, dress, &c. *?.

WHIGMALEERIE,G<^'. Dealing in gimcracks; whimsical.*?. W H I H E (gutt.), s. The hissing noise of an adder. *?. To W H I H H E R , v. n. To laugh in a suppressed way ; to titter, Ang. To wicker, to neigh or whinny, A. Bor.

WHILE, conj. Until. V. QUHILL. *?. W H I L E O M S , C K ? » . Attimes; sometimes. V.QUHYLUM.*?.

WHILES, adv. At times; occasionally. V. QUHILE. 8. To WHILLY, W H U L L Y , V.a. To cheat; to bamboozle; to gull, properly by wheedling means, S. *?.

They spoil'd my wife, and staw my cash, My Muse's pride murgullied;

By printing it like their vile trash, The honest leidges whully'd.

Ramsay's Address to the Toum Council of Edin­burgh, A. 1719.

" Wise men may be whiily'd with wiles;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 79. Shirrefs writes whilly, Gl. V. WHILLIE-WHA.

WH1LL1E-BILLOU, W H I L L Y - B A L L O O , S. An uproar;

a tumult with noise. A variety of Hilliebalow. S. WHILLIEGOLEERIE, s. A hypocritical fellow ; a wheedler; one who speaks fair from selfish motives. *?.

WHILLIE-WHA, W H I L L Y - W H A E , S. 1. A person on

whom there can be no dependence; who shuffles be­tween opposite sides, delays the performance of his promises, or still deals in ambiguities.

We fear'd no reavers for our money, Nor whilly-whaes to grip our gear.

Watson's Coll. i. 12. 667

Alas he's gane and left it a'; May be to some sad whilliwha

Of fremit blood. Ramsay's Poems, i. 223. " A kind of insinuating deceitful fellow," Gl.

2. A cheat. 3.A wheedling speech; coaxing language.*?. Perhaps from Isl. vyl-a, dubitare, haerere suspenso

animo; or, as implying the idea of intentional procrasti­nation, from Su.G. hwil-a, il-a, quiescere, cunctare; ila, cunctator.

W H I L L I E - W H A w , adj. Not to be depended upon. *?. To W H I L L Y - W H A W , V. n. To talk in a kindly and

cajoling way, like two lovers. *?. To W H I L L Y W H A , V. a. To cajole ; to wheedle. *?.

WHILLYWHAING, WHULLYWAING, S. Wheedling. *?. To WHILLIEWHALLIE, V. a. To coax; to wheedle. *?. To WHILLIE-WHALLIE, V. n. To dally ; to loiter. *?. WHILLILU, s. An air in music. *?. WHI L O C K , W H I L E O C K , WHILOCKIE,S. A little while.*?. WHILPER, s. Any individual larger than the ordinary

size of its genus. " What a whilper of a trout." *?. W H I L T , s. A-whilt, having the heart in a state of

palpitation; in a state of confusion or perturbation. M y page allow'd me not a beast, I wanted gilt to pay the hyre; He and I lap o're many a syre,

I heuked him at Calder-cult ; But long ere I came to Clypes-myre, The ragged rogue caught me a whilt.

Watson's Coll. i. 12. W H I L T I E - W H A L T I E , adv. In a state of palpitation, My

heart's aw playin whiltie- whaltie, S. See Sup. Isl. vellt, vallt, yllte, volutor; or hwell-a, resonare.

To WHILTIE-WHALTIE, V. n. To palpitate. *?. To WHILTIE-WHALTIE, V. n. To dally; to loiter, *?. To WHIMMER, v. n. To cry feebly, like a child. *?. W H I M W H A M , s. 1. A whim; a whimsey. 2. A kickshaw, in relation to food. *?.

WHIN, WHINSTANE, S. That in England called toad-stone, or ragstone, S. " Whin-stone, or porphyry, (called toad-stone, rag-stone,

&c. in England) differs from moor-stone in this, that the former contains iron and also some lime." P. Dalraeny, Statist. Ace. i. 257. V. Q U H Y N .

WHIN, s. A few. V. QUHEYNE. *?. To WHINGE, v. n. To whine, S. See Sup.

Poor cauldrife Coly whing'd aneath my plaid. V. Q U H I N G E . Ramsay's Poems, ii. 389.

W H I N G E R , W H I N G A R , S. A sort of hanger, which seems to have been used both at meals, as a knife, and in broils. See Sup. " Wherefore said he [James V.], gave m y predecessors

so many lands and rents to the kirk: was it to maintain hawks, dogs and whores to a number of idle priests ? The king of England burns, the king of Denmark beheads you, I shall stick you with this whingar. And therewith he drew out his dagger, and they fled from his presence in great fear." Melvill's Memoirs, p. 4. " Mony ane tines the haff-merk whinger for the half­

penny whang." Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 25. And whingers, now in friendship bare, The social meal to part and share,

Had found a bloody sheath. Lay of the Last Minstrel, C. v. 7.

This may be merely a corr. of E. hanger. It must be observed, however, that E. whiniard, whinyard, is used for a short sword; which Seren. thinks may be from Isl.

W H Y W H I kwin, furunculus, and yeard, ulnus, q. the instrument used oliiii des 11 n el v

W HINGICK, s. A snuff-box, Shetl, 8. WHINYARD.fi. Ashortcrooked sword. V.WHINGER.*?. To W H I N K , v. n. To bark in a suppressed manner, like an untrained dog in pursuit of game. *?.

WHINK.S. The shrill suppressed bark above described.*?, W H I N K E N S , s.pi. Flummery, S.B. sowens, synon.

Perhaps from Su.G. hwink-a, vacillare, to move back­wards and forwards, because of their flaccidity. The E. term flummery is, in like manner, applied to any thing that is loose or wants solidity.

To W H I N N E R , v. n. To pass with velocity, S.B, Isl. hwyn-a+reson&re, sonum edere obstreperum; hwin,

voces obstreperae et resonabiles; G. Andr. p. 126. W H I N N E R , S. l.The sound caused by rapid flight or mo­tion ; whizzing noise. 2. The blow which causes such a sound. 3. A smart resounding box on the ear. *?.

WHINNERIN', part. adj. A whinneriri drouth, a severe drought, accompanied with a sifting wind. *?.

W H I N - S P A R R O W , s. The Field-sparrow. *?. To W H I P aff, or awa', v. n. To fly ; to get off with velocity, S. sometimes pron. wheep. Isl. hwapp-ast, repente accidit; Su.G. wipp-a, motitare

se, sursum deorsura celeriter ferri. WHIP. In a whip, adv. In a moment, S. See Sup.

Alem. uuipphe, O.Teut. wap, nictus oculi. Sw. wip-pen is equivalent to our word : paa wippen, upon the point of doing any thing; Mod. Sax. up de wippe, id. Ihre views the Su.G. v., mentioned under the preceding term, as the origin. We also say, He was within a whip of such a thing, S.B. Kilian, however, gives fax, lumen, vibratio luminis, as

the primary sense. According to this, the term originally conveys the very same idea with blink, S. In a blink, i. e. in a twinkling. The v. wipp-en also signifies to glance, to shine at intervals. Kilian views that as the same word, used in a secondary sense, which signifies to vibrate, to be agitated with a tremulous motion. On this ground, whip is to be classed with that variety

of terms, denoting a moment, or the smallest portion of time, which are borrowed from the motion of light, or re­fer to it; as, Blink, Glint, Glisk, Gliff, Gliffin, & c .

WHIP-LICKER, s. A cant term for a person who keeps a cart and horse for hiring. *?.

W H I P - M A N , s. A common carter. £. WHIPPER-SNAPPER. *. 1. A little presumptuous fellow. 2. A cheat. 3. A fraudulent trick. S.

WHIPPER-TOOTIES, s. pi. Silly scruples about doing any thing ; frivolous difficulties, S. This is probably corr. from the Fr. phrase apres tout,

after all; pour dire, Apres avoir bien considere, bien pese, bien examine toutes choses. Omnibus perpensis; Diet. Trev. One, attached to Gr. etymons, might deduce this from !/5i-£g, propter, and TVTO, hoc.

W H I P P E R T , adj. Hasty and tart in demeanour, or in the mode of doing any thing. Hence whippert-like, indicating irritation, by the manner of expression or action, S. Isl. hwop-a signifies lightness, inconstancy. But per­

haps it is rather formed from the v. Whip, q. v. WHIPPY, s. A term of contempt applied to a girl or young woman ; a malapert person. #,

WH I P P Y , W H U P F Y , ^ ' . Active; clever; rather sharp.*?! To W H I R , W H I R R Y away, v. n. To fly off like a par­tridge or moorcock with a whirring noise, *?

To W H Y R I P E , v. n. To mourn ; to fret, S 668

WHIRKINS, s.pl. The posteriors. V.WHEERIKINS.*?. W H I R L , W H U R L , S. An apple, the Thorle pippin. 8. W H I R L I W H A W , s. A whirligig. ,?. W H I R R E T , s. A smart blow ; a sounding stroke. *?. To W H I R R Y , v. a. Apparently corr. of E. To hurry. *?. W H I R R O C K , s. A knot in wood, caused by the growth ofa branch from the place. V. VIRROCK. *?,

W H I S H , W H U S H , S. 1. A rushing or whizzing sound, S.B. 2. A whisper, S.B. whisht, Loth.

Lat her yelp on, be you as calm's a mouse, Nor lat your whisht be heard into the bouse.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 2. Su.G,hwaes-a, to w h i z z ; wis-a, Isl. kwis-a, susurrare,

qwis, susurrus; G. Andr. p. 157. See Sup. To W H I S H , v. a. To hush.; part. pa. whist.

" The keeping of the castle of Edinburgh was the last act of opposition, and with the yielding of it, all wa^whist." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 246. Seren. vo. Hush, refers to Sw. wysch, interj. used by

nurses when lulling their babes; and hwisk-a, to whisper. W H I S H T , interj. Hush, be silent, S. hist, whist, E. Chaucer, huiste. It seems to be properly the imperat. of the v.; q. be hushed. See Sup.

But whisht, it is the knight in masquerade, That comes hid in this cloud to see his lad.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. Ill, W H I S K E R , W H I S C A R , S. l.A bunch of feathers; a small besom or brush. 2.The sheath used for holding the end of a wire while a woman is knitting stockings. *?.

W H I S K E R , W H I S Q U E R , S. A blusterer, *?, WHISKIE, S. A kind of gig or one-horse chaise. *?. W H I S K Y , s. A species of ardent spirits, distilled from barley ; the best is made from malt. *?.

WHlSKlT,part. adj. Aiohiskitmare, apparently a mare with a switched tail for whisking off the flies. *?.

WHISKS, s. pi. A machine for winding yarn. *?. W H I S T L E , s. Change of money, S.

— N o w they'se get the whistle of their groat. V. QUHISSEL, Ramsay's Poems, i. 56.

W HISTLE, s. Apparently, used metaph. for the throat, in the phrase, to weet one's whistle, to take a drink, sometimes applied to tipplers, S. It is, however, O.E. "I wete my whystell as good

drinkers do;" Palsgraue. WHISTLE-BINKIE, s. One who attends a penny-wedding, but without paying any thing, and there­fore has no right to take any share of the entertain­ment ; a mere spectator, who is, as it were, left to sit on a bench by himself, and who, if he pleases, may whistle for his own amusement; Aberd.

W H I S T L E R , s. A bird so named. V.LOCH-LEAROCK.*?. W H I S T L E R S , s.pi. Farmers upon an extensive estate, who give the proprietor information as to the value of their neighbours' farms when he wishes to increase his rents. ji>

W H I S T L E - T H E - W H A U P , a phrase addressed to one who is supposed to play upon another, West of S. Q. " If you are for sport, call upon the curliew ;" refer­

ring, probably, to the folly of such an attempt, because this bird delights in sequestered places.

7VWHIT, v. a. To milk closely; to draw off the dregs.*?. WHI T T I N S , S. pi. The last part of what is called " a male of milk;" which is considered as the richest. *?.

To W H I T E , v. a. To cut with a knife, S. See Sup. For he's far aboon Dunkel the night,

W H I W H I Maun white the stick and a' that,

V. Q U H Y T E . Bums, i. 363.

W H I T E R , s. 1. One that whittles. 2. A knife in respect of its being well or ill adapted for this purpose. *?.

W HITINS, s.pl. Thin slices, cut off with a knife, *?. To W H I T E , v. a. To flatter; to flatter for favour. *?. W H I T I E , W H I T E L I P , S. A flatterer. An auld whitie. 8.

W H I T E - A B O O N - G L A D E . The hen-harrier, Stirlings. Falco cynaeus, Linn. " But of all the birds of prey amongst us, the hen-harrier,

or white-aboon-glade, as he is called, is the most destructive to game, both partridges and muir-fowl." P. Campsie, Statist. Ace. xv. 324. This name corresponds to that of Lanariusa$ws, Aldrov.,

Le Lanier cendri, Brisson. and Grau-weisse, Geyer of Frisch. V. Penn. Zool. p. 193.

W H I T E B O N N E T , a name given to the person, who, in a sale by auction, bids for his own goods, or who is employed by the owner for this purpose, S. This metaph. term seems to signify a marked person,

or one who deserves to be marked; in allusion, perhaps, to the custom in Italy by which the Jews are obliged to wear yellow bonnets for distinction, or of bankrupts wear-in" green bonnets, according to the laws of France. The term is most probably a literal translation of a Fr. phrase, the meaning of which is now lost. For the expression, Bonnet blonc, ou blanc bonnet, is still proverbially used to denote things that are exactly alike, and which may be indifferently put the one for the other.

WHITE-CRAP, s. A name applied to a crop of grain, to distinguish it from grass, turnips, an d other green crops.

WHITE-FEATHER. To have a white feather in one's wing, to show the white feather, proverbial phrases denoting timidity or cowardice. *?.

W H I T E FISH IN T H E NET, a sport formerly com­mon in Angus, although now almost gone into de­suetude. Two persons hold a plaid pretty high. The rest of the company are obliged to leap over it. The object is to entangle, in the plaid, the person who takes the leap; and if thus intercepted, he loses the game.

W H I T E FISH. Haddocks, cod, ling, tusk, &c. *?. W H I T E FOLK. A designation given to wheedlers. *?. W H I T E H A R E . The Alpine hare. *?. W H I T E H A W S E . A favourite pudding; that which conducts the food to the stomach with sheep. *?.

WHITE-HORSE, a name given to the Fuller ray, a fish. « Raia fullonica, the White-horse;" Sibb. Fife, p. 119.

WHITE-IRON or AIRN, s. Tin-plate. *?. WHITE-IRON SMITH. A tin-plate worker. *?.

WHITE-LEGS, s. pi. The smaller wood, such as branches, &c. of a hag or cutting. *?.

WHITE-LIVER, s. A flatterer. *?. WHITE-MEAL, s. Oatmeal; as distinguished from what is made of barley, called Bread-meal. S.

WHITENIN, S. Chalk for whitening walls or floors.*?. W H I T E PUDDING. A pudding made of meal, suet, and onions, stuffed in one of the intestines of a sheep.*?.

WHITE SHOWER. A shower of snow. *?. WHITE-SILLER, s. Silver money, or coined silver.*?. WHITE-WAND. V. W A N D OF PEACE. *?. WHITIE-WHATIES, s. pi. Silly pretences, from a design to procrastinate or to blind ; frivolous excuses, circumlocutions meant to conceal the truth, S. Whittle- Whaws is used in the same sense. *?•

Perhaps the last part of this reduplicative term is the radical one, from A.S. hwata, omina, divinationes, auguria;

669

" gesses, forespeakings, luck good or ill; divinations, soothsayings;" Somner. Warna the that thu ne gime drycraefta, ne swefena, ne hwatena; Take care that thou do not follow incantations, or dreams, or divinations; Deut. xviii, 10. Thus it might originally be equivalent to freits. Isl.

thwoett-a, however, signifies nugari; thwaetting-r, nuga-menta ; G. Andr. p. 268. Belg. unsiewasie seems to have been formed on the same plan; " fiddle-faddle, whim-wham ;" Sewel. This has much the appearance of an Alem. origin, s, in that language, being frequently substi­tuted for t in other dialects, Germ, waschen, garrire; Wachter. V. WISHY-WASHIES. Drycraefta, in the quo­tation, is from dry, a magician, and craeft, craft. Ac­cording to Somner and Wachter, (vo. Druiden,) the term dry had found its way into Germany from the name of the Druids, to whom great skill in magic was ascribed.

W H I T E - W I N D , s. Flattery; wheedling; a cant term.*?. W H I T E - W O O D , s. The white and soft wood, which

decays first, on the outside of a tree. *?. To W H I T H E R , v. a. To beat; to belabour. *?. W H I T H E R , S. A stroke ; a smart blow, *?. To W H I T H E R , v. n. To whirl rapidly with a booming sound. V. Q U H I D D I R , V. 8.

WHITHER-SPALE, WHUTHER-SPALE, WITHER-SPA L E , s. 1. A child's toy, formed ofa piece of lath, from seven to twelve inches in length, notched all round, to one end of which a cord is attached. W h e n whirledrapidlyround.thisproducesabooming sound.*?.

2. A thing light as a straw or down; " as light as a whither-spale." 3. A thin lathy person. 4. One of a versatile cast of mind, easily turned from his purpose.*?.

W H I T I N G , s. The name of this fish is metaphorically used for the language of flattery. <?.

W H I T L I E , Q U H I T E L Y , Q U H I T L I E , adj. Having a deli­

cate or fading look, S. Whitely has been used O.E. as equivalent to livid. See Sup.

The seconde stede to name hicht Ethiose, Quhitely and pale, and som dele ascendent.

Henrysones Test. Creseide, Chron. S.P. i. 164, " Whitely things are ay tender;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 78. " Alas are these pale cheekes, and these whitely lippes

the face of my nephew, and the fauour of my beloved Narbonus ?" Narbouus, Part II. p. 35. From A.S. hwit, albus, and lie, similis.

WHITLING, WHITEN, WHITING, S. A species of sea-trout, S. In some parts of the E»n, there are pike ; and, in some

seasons of the year, great numbers of sea-trouts, from 3 lb, to 6 lb. weight. The fishermen call them whitlings, on account of the scales they have at their first coming up the river from the sea." P. Muthil, Perths. Statist. Ace. viii. 488. " There is also in this river a larger sort of a fish, called

a whitling ; it is a large fine trout, from 16 inches to 2 feet long, and well grown ; its flesh is red, and high coloured, like salmon, and of full as fine a flavour." P. Dunse, Berwicks. Ibid. iv. 380. " From the end of June, till close-time, there is abun­

dance of fish, after floods, in Esk, and the lower end of Liddel; such as salmon, grilse, sea-trout, and whitens, as they are named here, or hertings, as they are called in An* nandale." P. Canoby, Dumfr. Ibid. xiv. 410.

It is sometimes written whiting. " This fish is well known to those who fish in the Annan

and the Nith by the name of the hirling. But it is called by other names in other parts of the country. In the Esk, in Dumfries-shire, and in the Eden at Carlisle, it is termed the whiting, from its bright silvery colour. In the

W H O W Y Tay, above Perth, it is called the Lammas whiting, from its appearance in the river at that season. In Angus, the Mearns, and Aberdeenshire, it goes by the name of the Phinoc" Dr. Walker, Transact. Highl. Soc. S. ii. 354.

Whiting or whiten would seem to be the same with whitling. But according to Dr. Walker, the whiting or hirling, after passing the winter in the sea, on its return to the river in March and April, is " called the whiteling, or, as it is commonly pronounced, the whitling;—in the Spey and other rivers in the North,—known by the name of the white t?-out." Ibid, p, 355, This learned naturalist views the whiting as a salmon ;

which he supposes to pass through the different states of the samlet, hirling, whitling, and grilse, before it comes to maturity. Ibid. p. 363. It has, however, been urged with great probability, that they are different species ; be­cause the whitings or hirlings have roes, and of course are understood to spawn; Ibid. p. 354. N. Besides, the phi­noc, which Dr. Walker views as the same with the whiting, is said " always to retain the distinctive mark of yellow fins, as well as particular spots greatly different from those on salmon." Mackenzie, Ibid. pp. 377, 378.

Sw. hwitling signifies a whiting. W H I T R A C K - S K I N , s. A purse made of the skin of a weasel, Moray.

Her minnie had hain'd the warl, And the whitrack-skin had routh.

V. QUHITRED. Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 294. W H I T T E R , s. « A hearty draught of liquor;" Gl.

Burns, S.O. Syne we'll sit down an' tak our whitter,

To cheer our heart. Burns, iii. 240. Perhaps q. -whetter, from E. whet, applied to a dram, as

supposed to sharpen the appetite. W H l T T E R , s . Any thing of weak growth. V. TWITTER.*?. To W H I T T E R , v. n. To move with lightness and velo­city ; as, Whitterin down the stair. 8.

To W H I T T E R , v. n. To lessen by taking away small portions; to fritter. *?.

To W H I T T E R , v.n. To speak low and rapidly. *?. W H I T T E R , s. Loquacity; prattle. *?. W H I T T E R - W H A T T E R , S. l.Idle conversation; chattering.

2. A garrulous woman is " a perfect whitter-whatter."8. To W H I T T E R - W H A T T E R , v. n. To converse in a

low tone of voice. V. Q U H I T T E R , sense 2. *?. W H I T T I E - W H A T T I E , s. 1. Vague, shuffling, or cajo­

ling language. 2. A whittie-whaltie, a person who employs every means to gain an end. *?.

To W H I T T I E - W H A T T I E , v.n. 1. To talk frivolously; to shilly-shally. 2,Toform trifling pretences or excuses.*?.

W H I T T L E , s. 1. A knife, S. as in E. 2. Applied to the harvest-hook, S.

Rise, rise, an' to the whittk, In haste this day.

V. Q U H Y T E , v. A. Douglas's Poems, p. 138. WHITTRET.fi. The weasel. V. QUHITRED. WHITWRATCH.fi. An old name in S. for a terrier. *?. W H O N , W H U N , S. A worthless character. Syn.Scamp.S. W H O O G H , interj. An exciting exclamation. *?. WHOPIN, WHAUPIN, part. pa. Large ; big. *?. WHOPPER-SNAPPER, s. V. WHIPPER-SNAPPER. *?. W HORLE, s. 1. A very small wheel, as that in a

child's cart, S. 2, The fly of a spinning-rock, made of wood, sometimes of a hard stone, S, whirl, E. *?ee*?. " In one of them [graves] was found a metal spoon, and

a glass cup that contained two gills Scotch measure ; and in another, a number of stones, formed into the shape and size of wkorks, like those that were formerly used for

670

spinning in Scotland." Barry's Orkney, p. 206, He adds, in a note, " A round perforated piece of wood, put upon a spindle." It appears from Minsheu, that wharle and wkork were

formerly used in this sense in E, " O.E. wharle for a spyndell, peson," Fr. Palsgraue.

Su.G. harfwel, hwirfwel, id. verticillura; from hwerf-a, to be whirled round; O. Sw. hworla, rotare.

W H O R L E - B A N E , s. The hip-bone or joint. 8. To W H O S L E , v. n. To blow; to breathe hard; to wheeze, Aberd, " Ye wou'd hae hard the peer bursen belchs whoslin like

a horse i' the strangle a riglenth e'er you came near them." Journal from London, pp. 6, 7. V, W H E A S L E .

W H O W ! A n exclamation of surprise or admiration. *?. W H O - Y A U D S , interj. A cry to dogs to pursue horses.*?. To W H O Z L E , v. n. To wheeze. Whozling, breathing

hard, as from asthma. V. W H A I S L E , *?. WHUD.fi. A lie. V. QUHID. & To W H U D D E R , v. n. To make a whizzing or rushing sort of noise.—WHUDDER, S. A noise of this kind. *?.

To W H U L L Y , v. a. To circumvent by wheedling. *?. WHULLIGOLEERIE, fi. A wheedling fellow. ' *?. WHULLILOW, s. The same with Whillie-billou. S. To WHULLUP, WHOLLUP, V. n. To fawn; to wheedle ; to curry favour by bestowing small gifts. *?.

W H U L T , s. A blow received from a fall, or the noise attending such a fall. "He fell with an unco whulf'S.

W H U L T , s. Any thing uncommonly large. *?. W H U L T E R , s. Any thing that is large of its kind.*?. WHUMGEE.fi. Vexatious whispering; silly trick. *?. To W H U M M I L , W H O M E L , V. a. To turn upside down, V. QUHEMLE.

W H U M M I L S , s. A whip for a top. V. FUMMILS. *?. W H U M M L E , s. Overthrow; overturning. *?. W H U M P I E , s. A wooden dish which contains sorbile food for two persons ; otherwise, a twasum bicker. S.

W H U N , s. Furze ; Whin, E. *?, W H U N C E , s. A heavy blow ; or the sound of it. 8. WHUNLINTIE, s. The red linnet; or Rose-lintie.*?. W H U N N , s. The stone called Trap, &c.

Back from the blew paymented whunn, And from ilk plaster wall, The hot reflexing of the sunne Inflames the air and all,

V. QUHIN. A. Hume, S.P. iii. 389.

To W H U N N E R , v. n. To strike with force so as to cause a loud noise. V. W H I N N E R . *?.

W H U P P I E , fi. V. W H I P P Y . Syn. Gipsy, Cuttie. S. W H U R A M , s. 1. A term applied to slurs or quavers in singing. 2. Any ornamental piece of dress. *?.

To W H U R K E N , v. a. To strangle. *?. WHURLIE-BIRLIE, s. Any thing that whirls round ; as, a tee-tolum, or any child's toy of the kind. *?.

To W H U R L I W H A , v. a. To gull. S. To W H U R R , v. n. To make a whirring noise. *?. WHUSH, s. 1. A rushing noise. V. WHISH. 2. A rumour. s.

WHUSHER, WHUSHERING, *. A whisper. V.WHISH.*? 7 V W H U S H I E , v.n. Tosoothe; to mitigate; to/iKsA,E.*?. W H U T T L E - G R A S S , fi. Melilot, an herb. *?. W H U T - T H R O A T , s. The weasel or whittret. S. WF, prep. 1, Commonly used for with. 2. From ; owing to; in consequence of; as, " Wi bein' frae hame, I missed him," &c. &c. „?.

W Y , W Y E , W I E , S. A man or person.

W I c W I c Ane leuar wycht na mare pynit I ne saw, Nor yit sa wrechitly beseae ane wy.

Doug. Virgil, 88, 23. Sone slade scho doun, vnsene of ony wye,

Ibid. 148, 11. And I awoik as wy that wes in weir,

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 26. Thair is no wie can estimie

M y sorrow and m y sichingis sair. Scott, Chron. S.P. iii. 169.

It is written wighe, O.E. Coudst thou not wish vs the wai, where the wighe wonnith ? P. Ploughman, Fol. 29. a.

Su.G. wig, anciently wig-er, which primarily signifies, fit for war, is used, in a secondary sense, to denote an adult; in the same manner as A.S. taiga, of which the primary sense is heros, miles, is used to denote a man of any condition. The origin is wig, battle, contest. For our Goth, ancestors, as Ihre observes, scarcely acknow­ledged any other virtue than that of valour or strength for war.

W I A G E , W Y A G E , S. A military expedition or incur­sion ; used like jornay.

For Rome quhilum sa hard wes stad, Quhen Hanniball thaim wencusyt had, That off ryngis with rich stanys, That war off knychtis fyngyris taneys, He send thre bollis to Cartage; And syne to Home tuk his wiage, Thar to distroye the cite all.

Woage, ed. Pink. Barbour, iii. 212, M S . All worthy Scottis allmychty God yow leid, Sen I no mor in wyage may yow speid.

Wallace, ii. 198. MS. The knycht Fenweik conwoide the caryage; He had on Scottis maid mony schrewide wiage.

Ibid. iii. 118. MS. Vyage is still used S.B. in its primary sense, for a jour­

ney ; Fr. voyage, id. from voye, a way, Lat. via. Viage occurs in the same sense, R. Brunne, p. 315.

To Scotlond now he fondes, to redy his viage, With thritti thousand Walsh redy at his banere.

W Y A N D O U R , S. A gud wyandour, one who lives or feeds well.

This Kyng wes Wys and debonare ; Gud wyandour, and fed hym fare.

Wyntown, ix. 10. 40. Fr. viand-er, to feed, Mr. Macpherson has observed,

that Chaucer, " in the description of the Frankelein, has mended, well supplied with meat."

W I B R O U N , s. The Gyre Carling. 8. To W I C H E S A U F , v. n. To vouchsafe. 8. W l C H T , adj. 1. Strong ; powerful.

Schir Jhon the Grayme, with Wallace that was wycht, Thorn Haliday, agayne retorned rycht To the Torhall, and thar remanyt but dreid,

Wallace, v, 1057. M S . This seems to be the sense, in which the term is gene­

rally used concerning Wallace, although rendered bold by Mr. Ellis, Spec. I. 352.

Is nane sa wicht, sa wyse, na of sik wit, Agane his summond suithly that may sit. Suppose thay [thow] be als wicht as ony wall, Thow man ga with him to his Lord's [Lordis] hall.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 45. Sa pasand was this cote, that skarsly mycht Phegeus and Sagaris, tua seruandis wicht, Bere it on thare nek chargit many fald, Bot tharwith cled Demoleo ryn fast wald.

Doug. Virgil, 136, 29. " A wicht man never wanted a ready weapon," S. Prov.

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Worthit wycht, was in a state of convalescence, recovered from disease, regained strength.

In presence ay scho wepyt wndyr slycht; Bot gudely meytis scho graithit him at hir mycht. And so befel in to that sammyn tid, Quhill forthirmar at Wallas worthit wycht.

Wallace, ii. 286. MS. " Su.G. wig, proprie notat bello aptum, potentem, qui

arma per aetatem aut vires ferre potest;" Ihre. A.S. wiga, heros, miles; V. W Y . Moes.G. A.S. wig-an, to fight. Alem. wig, helium, wich, militia, wiger, pugnans, uuigant, pugnator, wigliet, carmina bellica. 2. Active ; clever, S.

Schyre Patryke the Grame, a nobil knycht, Stowt and manly, bawld and wycht; And mony othir gentil-men Thare war slayne, and wondyt then.

Wyntown, viii. 11. 148. Syne Alysawndyr the Ramsay, Wyth syndry gud men of assay, In-til the cove of Hawthorne-den A gret resset had made hym then, And had a joly cumpany Of wycht yhoung men and of hardy.

Ibid. viii. 38. 110. Sii.G. wig, alacer, agilis, vegetus.

3. Denoting strength of mind, or fertility of invention. For he wes rycht wycht at devys, And of rycht gud cownsale, and wys.

Wyntown, viii. 31. 123. 4. Strong, as applied to inanimate objects. See Sup-

The Wardane has this castelle tane, A wycht hows made of lyme and stane.

Wyntown, viii. 37. 170. On ilka nycht thai spoilyeid besyle ; To Schortwode Schaw leide wittaill and wyn wicht.

Wallace, iv. 501. M S . Flaikis thai laid on temyr lang and wicht.

Ibid. vii. 984. M S . In this sense Dunbar opposes wicht fowlis to those that

are weak and diminutive in size. Syne crownit scho the Egle King of Fowlis,— And bad him be als just to awppis and owlis As unto pakokkis, papingais or crenis, And mak a law for wicht fowlis and for wrennis.

Thistle and Rose, Bannatyne Poems, p. 5. i. e. One law for both. Ihre observes, that Su.G. wig is used to denote whatso­

ever in its nature is powerful or firm; vigir gard, a com­pact hedge. Owig expresses the opposite idea; owig bro, a decayed or ruinous bridge.

Wight, as used by Chaucer, conveys the idea of active. —•— She coud eke

Wrastlen by veray force and veray might, With any vongr man, were he never so wight.

3 3 8 Monkes T. v. 14273. Thus it is used by Gower. And cryed was, that they shulde come Unto the game all and some Of hem that ben delyuer and wyght.

Conf. Am. Fol. 177, b. It has also been rendered swift, in reference to that

passage in Chaucer. _ I is ful wight-as is a ra. Eeves T. v. 4084.

Wight seems to have been also used in O.E. in the sense * Help him to worke wightlye, that winneth your fode.

v P. Ploughman, Fol. 31, a. Different writers have remarked the affinity of this term

to Lat. vig-eOi q. lam wicht; veget-us.—Hence,

W I c W I D

WlCHTLIE, WlCHTELY, adv. 1. Stoutly. This being said, commandis he euery fere, Do red thare takillis, and stand hard by thare gere, And wichtlie als thare airis vp till haile.

Doug. Virgil, 127, 45. 2. With strength of mind, or fortitude.

Paul witnessis, that nane sail wyn the croun, Bot he quhilk duelie makis him redy boun, To stand wichtely, and fecbt in the forefront,

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 355, 20. W I C H T Y , adj. Powerful. S. W Y C H T N E S , W I G H T N E S S , S. Strength, S.B.

The next chapitere schall onone Tell the wychtnes of Sampsone.

Wyntown, iii, 2. Ruhr. But gin my wightness doubted were, I wat my gentle bleed,

As being sin to Telamon, Right sickerly does plead.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 3. W I C H T , s. A man or person, S. Wight, E.

Was neuer wrocht in this warld mare woful ane wicht. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238, a, 11.

Ealle ewice wihta, all living creatures ; Oros. ii. 1. A.S. wiht, creatura, animal, res; Sloes.G. waihts, Alem. uuiht, res quaevis.

W I C K , Wie, s. 1. A n open bay. 2. A word used in the termination of the names of places, signifying a kind of bay, S. *?ee Sup. " Where wick is the terminating syllable, the place is

not only maritime, but there is always, in its vicinity, an opening of the coast, larger than a creek, but smaller than a bay, whose two containing sides form an angle, similar to that of the lips, terminating in the cheek. It is remark­able, that in the Scotch dialect, this is always termed the tvick of the mouth. It does not therefore appear, that there is the least affinity betwixt wick and vicus. The former vocable is for the most part, if not always, mari­time : the latter, from the meaning of the word, can have no possible respect to local situation." P. Canisbay, Caithn. Stat. Ace. viii. 162, N, " All those places, whose names terminate in ic, which,

in the Danish language is said to signify a bay, as Tosgic, Cuic, Dibic, and Shittic, hath [have] each of them an inlet of the sea." P. Applecross, Ross, Statist. Ace. iii. 381.

It is perhaps the same term that occurs in the names Greenock, Gourock, &c, especially as there is the bay of Gourock. It has been said, indeed, that the former is from Gael. Grianeg, the Sunny Bay, or the Bay of the Sun. Statist. Ace. v. 559. 560. But I can observe no similar Gael, word signifying a bay. Su.G. wik, angulus ; sinus maris : A.S. wie, sinus maris, fluminis sinus ; portus. Franc, in giuuiggin strazzono, in the corners of the streets. V. WEIK.

WICK, *. A term used in curling to denote a narrow port or passage, in the rink or course, flanked by the stones of those who have played before. *?.

To W I C K , V. n. " To strike a stone in an oblique direc­tion ; a term in curling," Gl. Burns, S., q. to hit the corner.

To W I C K a bore. In curling or cricket, to drive a stone or ball through an opening between two guards. *?.

Or couldst thou follow the experiene'd play'r Through all the myst'ries of his art ? or teach The undisciplin'd how to wick, to guard, Or ride full out the stone that blocks the pass ?

Graeme's Poems, Anderson's E. Poets. He was the king o' a' the core,

672

To guard, or draw, or wick a bore. Burns, iii. 118.

Su.G. wik-a, flectere; wika af, a via deflectere; Ihre; Vikapaa sida, to turn aside, Wideg.; A.S. wic-an, Teut. wyck-en, Germ, weych-en, recedere; perhaps from Su.G. wik, angulus, or Teut. wych, flexio, cessio.

WICK, adj. Tristrem thi rede thou ta,

In Inglond for to abide ; Morgan is wick to slo; Of knightes he hath gret pride.

Tristrem thei thou be thro, Lat m o men with the ride.

Sir Tristrem, p. 44. st. 71. " Wight, fit for war. Sax. wig-lig, bellicosus;" Gl.

Trist. V. W I C H T , adj. W I C K E R , s. 1. A twig, S. See Sup.

As with the wind wavis the wicker, So waivis this warlds vanitie.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 74. — A y wavering like the willow wicker.

Burns, iv. 391. Expl. in Gl. " willow, of the smaller sort,"

2. A wand; a small switch, S. Spenser uses this word as an adj. Dan. vigre, vimen.

The origin seems to be viger, to yield, or Teut. wick-en, vibrare, because of its pliant quality; as Su.G. sweg, virga, from sweig-a, incurvare.

To W I C K E R , v. a. To twist the thread overmuch. *?. W I C K E R O' A S H O W E R . A quick sharp shower,

and the rattling noise made by it on a window. *?. W I C K E T , s. The back-door ofa bam, Ang.

Belg. wincket, wicket, portula, Fr. guichet. Spegelius derives the term from Su.G. wick-a, itare, domum saepius introire et exire, a frequentative from Isl. wik-a, incedere. C.B. gwichet, posticum, has been traced to gwich, stridor.

W I D D E , s. Perhaps, a band ; a chain. *?.

WIDDEN-DREME, WINDREM, WIDDRIM, S. Ina widden dream, or windream, all of a sudden; also, in a state of confusion, S.B. " At last we, like fierdy follows, flew to't flaughtbred,

thinkin to raise it in a widden-dream." Journal from London, p. 5.

Bess out in a widden-dream brattled, And Hab look'd as blate as a sheep.

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 297. One is said to waken in a widdrim, when one awakes

in a confusion or state of perturbation, so as to have no distinct apprehension of surrounding objects for some time. Sibb. explains it, " a sudden gust of passion, with­out apparent cause;" Gl.

Could we be assured that windream were the more an­cient pronunciation, the term might be traced to A.S. wyn-dream, "gaudium, jubilum, jubilatio; joy, jubilation, great rejoicing," Somner; from wyn, joy, and dream, jubi­lation. Thus, it might be used to signify the confusion produced by the noise of great mirth, especially when heard unexpectedly. Sibb. refers to Wod as the origin. And indeed A.S. woda-dream is rendered, furor, madness; Somner. Thus the term may have some relation to Wodin or Oden, that deity of the Germans and Goths, who was believed to preside over the' rage of battle, and whose name has been rendered by Lat. furor. V. Adam. Bre-mens. ap. Ihre vo. Oden. Thus A.S. woda dream, S. widdendreme, might be viewed as originally, denoting a dream proceeding from the inspiration of Oden; as the term implies the idea of confusion or distraction of mind. In Gl. Popul. Ball, it is, in like manner, supposed to allude to " the dream of a madman"

WIDDERSINNIS, WEDDIR SHYNNYS, WIDDIRSINS,

W I D W I D WIDDERSHINS, WITHERSHINS, WODDERSHINS, adv.

The contrary way, S. Abasit I wox and widdirsynnis stert m y hare.

Doug. Virgil, 64, 32. Say thai nocht, I haue myne honeste degraid.— Nane vthir thing in threpe here wrocht haue I, Bot fenyete fablis of ydolatry, With sic myscheif as aucht nocht named be, Opynnand the gravis of scharpe iniquite, And on the bak half writis weddir schynnys Plente of lesingis, and als perseruit synnys,

Doug. Virgil, 481, 42. Quhom suld I warie bot m y wicked Weard, Quha span m y thriftles thraward fatall threed ? I wes bot skantlie entrit in this eard, Nor had offendit quhill I felt hir feed. In hir unhappy hands sho held m y heid, And straikit bak ward wodershins m y hair, Syne prophecyed I sould aspyre and speid; Quhilk double sentence wes baith suith and sair.

Montgomerie, MS. Chron. S.P. iii. 506, " The word Widdirsins, Scot, is used for contrary to the

course of the Sun, as when we say, to go or turn widdirsins about, i. e. to turn round from West to East: a Belg. weder, weders, A.S. with, wither, contra, and Sonne, Sunne, Sol, Scot. Bor. Sin," Rudd. According to this idea, Belg. wederschyn, Germ, wider-

sehein, a reflected light, the reflection of brightness, might seem allied. Our term is indeed used to denote what is contrary to the course of the sun; this being the most ob­vious emblem of any thing opposed to the course of nature. But I am convinced, that neither sonne, nor any word conveying the idea of light or shining, can properly be viewed as entering into the composition of this term, it is merely Teut. weder-sins, contrario modo, Kilian. This is the sense, as used in both passages by the Bishop of Dunkeld. In the first, indeed, Rudd, too strictly adhering to the original, Steteruntque comae, renders it, straight up, upright. But Doug, means literally to say, that the hair of iEneas stood the wrong way, or the way contrary to nature.

In Sw, raettsyles denotes that which follows the course of the sun. The term, expressing the reverse, is andsyles.

Our ancestors ascribed some preternatural virtue to that motion which was opposed to the course of the sun, or to what grew in this way. This was particularly attended to in magical ceremonies.—Hence Nicnevin, the Hecate of the Scots, and her damsels are thus described.

Some be force in effect the four winds fetches, And nine times withershins about the throne raid.

V. CATINE. Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 17. This is gravely mentioned as the mode of salutation

given by witches and warlocks to the devil. " The women made first their courtesy to their master,

and then the men. The men turning nine times widder shines about, and the women six times." Satan's Invisible World, p. 14.

Ross, in his Additions to that old song, The Rock and the Wee Pickle Tow, makes the spinster not only attend to the wood of her rock, that it should be of the rantree, or mountain-ash, that powerful specific against the effects of witchcraft, but also to the very direction of its growth.

I'll gar m y ain T a m m y gae down to the how, And cut m e a rock of a widdershins grow, Of good rantry-tree, for to carry m y tow, And a spindle of the same for the twining o't.

Ross's Poems, p. 134. The inhabitants of Orkney ascribe some sort of fatality

to motion opposed to that of the sun. " O n going to sea, they would reckon -themselves in the most imminent

V O L . II. 673

danger, were they by accident to turn their boat in oppo­sition to the sun's course." P. Kirkwall, Statist. Ace. vii. 560.

Among the Northern nations, a similar superstition pre­vailed. Helga, a Scandinavian sorceress, when wishing to give efficacy to some Runic characters, for doing injury to others, observed this mode. " Taking a knife in her hand, she cut the letters in the wood, and besmeared them with her blood. Then singing her incantations, oc geek aufug rangsaelis um treit, the went backwards, and contrary to the course of the sun, around the tree. Then she procured that it should be cast into tbe sea, praying that it might be driven by the waves to the island Drangsa, and there be the cause of all evils to Gretter." Hist. Gretter. ap. Bartholin. Caus. Contempt. Mortis, pp. 661, 662.

This is opposed to the Deasil of our Highlanders, which has been considered as a relique of Druidism.

" The Deasil, or turning from east to west, according to the course of the sun, is a custom of high antiquity in religious ceremonies. The Romans practised the motion in the manner now performed in Scotland. The Gaulish Druids made their circumvolution in a manner directly the reverse.

" The unhappy lunatics are brought here [to Strathfillan] by their friends, who first perform the ceremony of the Deasil, thrice round a neighbouring cairn ; afterwards, offer on it their rags, or a little bunch of heath tied with worsted; then thrice imraerge the patient in a holy pool of the river, a second Bethesda; and, to conclude, leave him fast bound the whole night in the neighbouring chapel. If in the morning he is found loose, the saint is supposed to be propitious; for if he continues in bonds the cure remains doubtful." Pennant's Tour in S. 1772. P. II. p. 15.

" O n the first of May the herds of several farms gather dry wood, put fire on it, and dance three times southways about the pile.—At marriages and baptisms they make a procession round the church, Deasoil, i. e. sunways, be­cause the sun was the immediate object of the Druids' worship." Id. Tour in 1769. p. 309. " That the Caledonians paid a superstitious respect to

the sun, as was the practice among many other nations, is evident, not only by the sacrifice at Baltein, but upon many other occasions. W h e n a Highlander goes to bathe, or to drink water out of a consecrated fountain, he must approach by going round the place, from east to west on the south side, in imitation of the apparent diurnal motion of the sun. W h e n the dead are laid in the grave, the grave is approached by going round in the same manner. The bride is conducted to her future spouse, in the presence of the minister, and the glass goes round a company, in the course of the sun. This is called, in Gaelic, going round the right, or the lucky way. The opposite is the wrong or the unlucky way. And if a person's meat or drink were to affect the wind-pipe, or come against his breath, they instantly cry out, Deisheal t which is an ejaculation praying that it may go hy the right way." P. Callander, Perths. Statist, Ace. xi. 621. N.

The custom of sending drink round a company from left to right, is by many supposed to be a vestige of the same superstition. There are still some, even in the Low­lands, who would reckon it unlucky to take the opposite course.

Pennant derives the term from Gael. Deas, or Des, the right hand, and Syl, the sun. W h e n referring to this mo­tion as practised by tbe Romans, he quotes Plin. Hist, Nat. Lib. xxxviii. c. 2. But this is undoubtedly an error for xxviii. 2. For the passage referred to seems to be this.

In adorando dexteram ad osculum referimus, totumque corpus circuraagiraus : quod in laevum fecisse, Galliae re-ligiosius credunt.

4Q

W I D W I D W I D D I E , W I D D Y , s. 1. Properly, a rope made of

twigs of willow ; used to denote a halter, S. Some­times improperly written Woodie. See Sup.

He had purgatioun to mak a theif To die without a widdy.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 20. st. 6. This Prouerb is of veritie, Quhilk I hard red intill ane letter; Hiest in court nixt the widdie, Without he gyde him al the better.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 303. "When justice," as Sibb. observes, " was executed upon

the spot, the first tree afforded an halter. It was an in­genious idea of a learned person on the continent, to examine the analogy between language and manners." Chron. S.P. II. 6. N.

The term is vulgarly understood in S. as if it denoted the gallows itself. But it is merely such a withe as had formerly been employed at the gallows, and is accordingly distinguished from the fatal tree.

Ane stark gallows, a widdy, and a pin, The heid poynt of thy Elders arms are ; Written abune in poysie, Hang Dunbar.

Kennedie, Evergreen, ii. 69. " An Irish rebel put up a petition that he might be

hanged in a with, and not in a halter, because it had been so used with former rebels," Bacon. V. Withe, Johns. Diet. 2. This name is given, in Caithness, to a twig, having several smaller shoots branching out from it; which being plaited together, it is used as a whip, the single grain serving for a handle. Teut. wede, wyd, wiede, salix, vimen. Su.G. widia,

vimen, vinculum vimineum, from wide, salix; A.S. withig, id. E. withy. Moes.G. with-an, conjungere, copulare. V. WETHY.

Fr. har, hard, a withe, is used in the same sense. Sur peine de la har ; on pain of the halter. Tu merites la hard ; you deserve the gallows; Fontaine.

To C H E A T T H E WIDD I E , or W U D D I E . To escape the

gallows, when it has been fully deserved. *?. WID D I F O W , VIDDIFUL, s. 1. It properly signifies one

who deserves to fill a widdie or halter. This appears from the Prov. " Ye're a widdy-fou against hanging-time ;" Ramsay's S.

Prov. p. 85. Now, my lord, for Goddis saik lat nocht hang me, Howbeid thir widdy fowis wald wrang me.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 183. Thou art but Glunschoch with the giltit hipps,

That for thy lounrie mony a leisch has fyld; Vain Widdifow, out of thy wit gane wyld.

Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 53. 2. Equivalent to brave boys, in sea language.

" Viddefullis al, viddefuls al. grit and smal, grit and smal. ane and al, ane and al. heisau, heisau. nou mak fast the theyrs." Compl. S. p. 63. 3. A romp, S.

In Gl. Compl. and Sibb. it is deduced from Teut. woed, rabies, woedigh, furiosus. But the phrase, fill a widdie, being still used with respect to one who, it is thought, will come to a violent death, this seems the most probable origin. The Swedes have an analogous terra. They call a rogue Galgemat, i. e. one who will soon have the gal­lows for his mate or companion; Ihre, vo. Mat. Dunbar, indeed, virtually expl. the term as equivalent to gane wyld out of one's wit. But this might be merely for the sake of the alliteration. At any rate, it only proves his own idea of the signification.

W I D D I F O W , adj. Expl, " wrathful. A widdifou wicht 674

is a common expression for a peevish angry man ;" Gl. Compl.

The laird was a widdiefu' bleerit knurl; She's left the gude-fellow and taen the churl.

Burns, iv. 54. The widdiefow wardannis tuik m y geir, And left me nowdir horss nor meir, Nor erdly gud that me belangit: N o w walloway I mon be hangit!

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 186. This seems merely an oblique sense of the preceding

term, used as an adj. To W I D D I L L , v. n. pron. wuddil. 1. The sense of this v. is rather indeterminate. It is generally used in connexion with some other v., as, to widdil and ban, to widdil andjlyte, & c , S.

Lyke Dido, Cupido I widdill and I warie, Quha reft me, and left me In sic a feirie-farie. Cherrie and Slae, st. 18.

i. e. I break out into cursing against Cupid. It is evi­dently intensive. For it is thus translated, Lat. vers. 1631. Sceleratum taliter arcum,

Crudelemque Deum, diris ter mille dicavi. May it be viewed as a derivation from wod, furiosus, or

wed-an, furere ; q. I wax wroth ? " Quha brekis the secund command ? Thai that sweris

be the name of God fulehardie, nocht taking tent of an euil vse, thai that sueris ane lesing, mainsueris thame self, wariis, bannis and widdillis thair saule, to excuse thair fault, or for ony vaine mater.—Thai that will nocht chas-teis or snibe thair barnis fra lesingis, sweiring, banning & widling, and techis thame nocht to lofe God and thank him at al tymes." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552. Fol. 31. b. 32. a.

2. W e also use this v. S. in the same sense with E. wriggle or waddle.

3. To attain an end by short, noiseless, or apparently feeble but prolonged exertions. *?.

4. It has also an active sense, like E. wriggle, as signi­fying to writhe, to winch, to introduce by shifting motion, or (metaph.) by circuitous courses, S.

It's Antichrist his Pipes and Fiddles, And other tools, wherewith he widdles Poor caitiffs into dark delusions, Gross ignorance and deep confusions.

Cleland's Poems, p. 80. The term, therefore, as used in sense 1., may literally

signify, to writhe one's self from rage. A. Bor. to widdie, to fret.

Johns, defines waddle, " to shake in walking from side to side; to deviate from a right line;" deriving it from Belg. waghelen. But surely, Germ, wedel-n is preferable, which signifies, caudam motitare, q. to shake one's tail.

W I D D I L , s. A contention. *?.

W I D D L E , s. Wriggling motion ; metaph. struggle, or bustle, S. See Sup.

Lang may your elbuck jink and diddle Tae cheer you thro' the weary widdie

O' warly cares ! Burns, iii. 375. WIDDRIM, S. V. WlDDENDREME. W Y D E , s. Weed ; dress. V. GIDE. W Y D E , s. A vacancy, for void. *?. WIDE-GAB, s. The Fishing-frog, Lophius piscatorius,

Linn. Shetl. Frog-fish, Toad-fish. See Sup. W I D O W , * s. A widower, S.

" Our Bridegroom cannot want a wife : can he live a widow?" Rutherford's Letters, P. 11. ep, 15.

W I G W I L WIDOW, s. The presence ofa widow at a wedding is said to betoken bad luck to the married pair. *?.

WIE, adj. Little. V. W E . WIEL, s. A small whirlpool. V. WELE. WIE-THING, s. A child. g. WIERDEST, adj. Sense not given. g. WIERD IN, part. adj. Employed for divination. *?. WIERS, s.pl. In wiers, in danger of. g. WIEVE, adj. Lively. V. VIVE. g. To WYF, v. a. To weave. *?. WIFE,* W Y F , W Y F E , S. A woman, whether married or single, S.

Makbeth turnyd hym agayne, And sayd, ' Lurdane, thow prykys in wayne, ' For thow may noucht be he, I trowe, ' That to dede sail sla me nowe. ' That man is nowcht borne of wyf ' Of po were to re we me my lyfe I'

Wyntown, vi. 18. 393. Sir Common-weill, keep ye the bar, Let nane except yourself cum nar. Johne. That sail I do, as I best can, I sail hauld out baith wyfe and man.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 223. " An old wyfe ; an old woman. None are wives but

sUch as are married, which old women sometimes are not." Sir J. Sinclair's Observ. p. 53. This term, as Sibb. observes, is generally applied to a

woman past middle age. A.S. Su.G. wif, mulier, foemina. Of this word various

etymons have been given. Ihre derives it from Su.G. wif, hwif, a woman's coif or hood, as gyrdel, cingulum, and linda, balteus, are used for man and woman, in the Laws of Gothland; and, among the Ostrogoths, hatt and haetta, pileus et vitta, had the same signification. Wachter and others derive it from wefw-a, to weave, this being the proper work for females. V. Jun. Etym.

W I F E - C A R L E , S. A cotquean ; a man who attends more to housewifery than becomes his sex. *?.

W I F F I E , S. A little wife ; also a fondling term. *?. WI F L I E , W Y F E L I E , adj. Feminine, belonging to woman.

The noyis ran wyde out ouer the ciete wallis, Smate all the toun with lamentabill murnyng ; Of greting, gouling, and wyfelie womenting The ruffis did resound. Doug. Virgil, 123, 33.

" Thocht I may no wayis deuoid me of wiffie ymage, yit I sail nocht want mannis hardyment." Bellend. Cron. Fol. 41. a.

A.S. wiflie, muliebris, foemineus. W Y F O C K , W Y F O C K I E , S. Little wife, fondling terms.*?.

WIFFIN, s. A moment; a breath. *?. WIG, W Y G , WEIG, WH I G , S. A smaH oblong roll, baked with butter and currants; sometimes corr. pron. whig, S. See Sup. The word is retained, A. Bor. " Wig. A bun or muffin.

North." Gl. Grose. Teut. wegghe, panis triticeus; libum oblongum, et libum

lunatum; Kilian. Su.G. hetweg, a kind of hot bread, baked with various kinds of aromatics, and eaten on the day preceding Lent. Ihre derives the word from het, hot, and weck-en, which in Mod. Sax. signifies a round sort of bread. Germ, week, id. Kilian gives wegghe as synon. with Maene. V. M A N E , Breid of Mane.

W I G , W Y G , «. This seems to signify a wall. A thing is said to gang frae wyg to waw, when it is moved backwards and forwards from the one wall of a house to the other, q. at full swing, S.B. See Sup.

Mind what this lass has undergane for you, 675

Since ye did her so treacherously forhow, H o w she is catch'd for you frae wig to wa'.

Ross's Helenore, p. 104. A. Bor. wogh, wall. A.S. wag, Su.G. waegg, anciently

wag, waegh, Belg. waeg, weeg, paries. Akrum aer gardir wagh, oc himil at thaekju ; The hedge serves for a wall to the fields, and the heaven for a roof; Leg. Dalecarl. ap. Ihre in vo.

W I G G , W H I G , S. The thin serous liquid, which lies below the cream, in a churn, after it has become sour, and before it has been agitated, S.B. See Sup. ^ " They sent in some smachry or ither to me, an' a pint

o' their scuds, as sowr as ony bladoch or wigg that comes out of the reem-kirn." Journal from London, p. 9. V WHIG.

WIGGIE, s. A name given to the devil. # To WIGGLE, v.n. To wriggle. V. WAIGLE. WIGHT, s. The Shrew-mouse, Orkn. Sorex araneus, Linn. " The wild quadrupeds of this parish are, rabbits, the

brown or Norwegian rat, the short-tailed field mouse, common mice, and a small species of mice, commonly called here wights, which I have never observed in Scot­land." P. Birsay, Statist. Ace. xiv. 317. This animal is very particularly described in Museum

Wormian, p. 321. &c. It seems to have received its Or­cadian name from the smallness of its size; as Su.G. wickt denotes any thing that is very small in its kind, being radically the same with waet, aliquid; A.S. wiht, a creature. Or its name might originate from its supposed noxious

qualities; as the ancients believed it to be injurious to cattle, an idea now exploded. Wormius mentions its bite as venomous, whence the name, Sorex aranea ; as resem­bling the spider for poison. Now, Ihre observes that the Su.G. term, already referred to, is especially used in rela­tion to noxious and monstrous animals. Hence, perhaps, its E. name.

WIGHT, adj. Strong. V. WICHT. g, ToWYI¥,v.a. To weave,—WiFEin,part.pa. Woven.*?. W Y I L L , adj. Vile. g W I K K I T , adj. 1. Unjust. 2. Rugged ; unequal. *?. W I L D B E A R , ghoein'the Wild Hear. A game. *?. W I L D BIRDS. All the wild birds in the air. A game.*?. W I L D C O T T O N . Cotton-grass; a plant, S.B. also

called Moss-crops, S. Eriophorum polystachion, Linn. W I L D F I R E , «. The common name for the Phlyctenae

of Sauvages, S. vulgarly wullfire. A.S. wild-fyr, erysipelas.

W I L D F I R E , s. The plant Marsh Marigold. *?. W I L D F I R E , * s. Metaph. used to denote false zeal.*?. To W I L E , W Y L E , V. a. Used in relation to what is accomplished by caution or artful means ; as, TU try to wile him awa', I will endeavour to get him enticed to go with me. The prep, frae or from is generally added, when it refers to things; as, I'll wile't frae him, I will gain it from him by artful means; synon. Weise, q. v.

Beleif ye that we will begyle yow, Or from your vertew for till wyle yow ?

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 32. Here's three permission bonnets for ye, Which your great gutchers wore before ye; An' if ye'd hae nae man betray ye, Let naething ever wile them frae ye.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 544. Thus fortune aft a curse can gie, To wyle us far frae liberty.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 37.

W I L W I L Su.G, wel-a, to deceive, Isl. vael-a, callidus esse, G.

Andr.; curam gerere, Verel. Su.G. wel denotes art, stra­tagem ; used, as Ihre says, in a good as well as in a bad sense. Isl. vel, id. Verel. Hence Fr. guile, g being prefixed.

To WILE, W Y L E , V. a. To select.

W I L E , S. Choice ; selection. V. W A L E .

W Y L E , adj. Wicked ; evidently a corr. of Vile. S. WILE, W Y L I E , S. An instrument for twisting straw ropes. Syn. Thraw-crook. V. W E W L E C K . *?.

W Y L E C O T , W I L I E - C O A T , WALY-coAT,fi. 1. An under-

vest, generally worn during winter, S. wylie-caat, a flannel vest, A. Bor. See Sup.

In this congelit sesoun scharp and chill, The callour are penetratiue and pure— Made seik warme stouis and bene fyris hote, In doubill garmont cled and wylecote.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 201, 40. " W e can shape their wylie-coat, but no their wierd;"

Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 75. 2. A n under petticoat. See Sup.

Sumtyme thay will heir up thair gown, To schaw thair wylecot hingeand down, And sumtyme baith thay will upbeir, To schaw thair hois of blak or broun.

Maitland Poems, p. 327. Rudd. thinks that the designation may perhaps be from

E. wily, " because by its not being seen, it does as it were cunningly or slyly keep men warm." The origin seems quite uncertain.

W Y L F U L L , adj. Willing ; a. full of will. I than, set in lyk assay, Wylfull is my det to pay. Wyntown, i. Prol. 80.

WILFULLY, adj. Willingly. Thair frendschip woux ay mar and mar; For he serwyt ay lelely, And the tothir full willfully. Barbour, ii. 172. M S . Of Rainfrwe als the barowny Come to thare pes full wilfully.

Wyntown, viii. 29. 240. W I L L , * s. Whafs your will? a common Scoticism for, " W h a t did you say ?" It is also given as a reply to one who calls. It is used by Foote ; and is perhaps common in low E. This is at least as old as the time of Gawin Douglas. " May thow not heir ? Langar how I culd schout I" ' What war your will?' " I will cum in but doubt."

King Hart, ii. 3. WILL,* s. I. (Twill, spontaneously. 2. At a' will, to the utmost extent of one's inclination or desire. 3. To Tak one's will o'. (l.)To treat or use as one pleases. (2.) To take as much of any thing as one pleases. 4. In the sense of hope. " I hae nae will o' that, I hope that is not the case, &c. *?.

WILL, s. Apparently, use ; custom; pi. willis. And on the morn, quhen day wes lycht, The King raiss as his willis was.

Use, edit. 1620. Barbour, xiii. 515. MS. It may, however, merely mean, study, endeavour; A.S,

will, Teut. willa, studium. WILL, aux. v. 1, " Be accustomed, make a practice

of;" Gl. Wyntown. 2. It is often used for shall. It is sometimes equivalent to must; as implying the idea of constraint, or of necessity. *?,

Bot the few folk of Scotland, That be dry marche ar lyand Nere yhow, thai kepe thaire awyne, As til ws is kend and knawn,

676

And will cum wyth thare powere Planly in yhoure land of were, Oure day and nycht will ly thare-in, And in yhoure sycht yhour land oure bryn, Tak youre men, and in presowne Hald tham, quhill tha pay ransown.

Wyntown, ix. J 3. 53, 55, This is still a common idiom in S. But, as far as I

have observed, it is especially used by those who border on the Highlands, or whose native tongue is Gaelic.

W I L L B E is used to express what is meant only as a pro­bable conjecture, nearly equivalent to may be; as, " The kirk will be about a short mile from the manse." 8.

WILL, W Y L L , W I L , W Y L , adj. 1." Lost in error, un­certain how to proceed," S.

And the myrk nycht suddanly Hym partyd fra hys cumpany. And in that myrk nycht wawerand will, He hapnyd of cas for to cura til That ilke new byggyd plas, Quhare that Erie than duelland was.

Wyntown, vi. 13. 105. To go wyll, to go astray, S. Sche thame fordriuis, and causis oft go wyll Frawart Latyn (quhilk now is Italy.)

Doug. Virgil, 14, 5. It is very frequently conjoined with a s. As, will of

rede, at a loss what to do, inops consilii; V. R E D E , «. Will of wane, at a loss for a habitation.

Than wes he wondir will off wane, And sodanly in hart has tane, That he wald trewaile our the se, And a quhile in Parys be. Barbour, i. 323, M S .

It is used by Blind Harry, not directly as signifying, at a loss for a place of habitation, but for a place of security.

The woman than, quhilk was full will off wayne, The perell saw, with fellone noyis and dyn, Gat wp the yett, aud leit thaim entir in.

Wallace, vi. 179. M S . " Scot. I'm will what to do. It. He's so will of his

wedding, that he kens na whore to woo; Prov. Scot. i. e. There are so many things which he may obtain, that he is in doubt which of them to choose;" Rudd.

Ramsay gives it differently; "Ye're sae will in your wooing ye watna where to wed;" S. Prov. p. 85.

Su.G. will, also willt, willse, Isl. vill-ur, id. vill-a, Sw. willa, error; Isl. vill-a, Su.G. foerwill-a, to lead astray. These terms are also transferred to the mind.

2. Desert; unfrequented. Himself ascendis the hie band of the hill. By wentis strate, and passage scharp and wil.

Doug. Virgil, 382, 5. Art thou sa cruel! I put the cais also, That to nane vncouth landis thou list go, Nouthir to fremmyt place, nor stedis wyl, Bot at auld Troy war yet vpstandand stil: Aucht thou yit than leif this weilfare and ioy ?

Ibid. 110,31. Isl. ville is also used in the sense of ferus; as, viUe goltr,

a wild boar; Su.G. willa diur, wild animals. The word is undoubtedly radically the same with E, wUd.

The Su.G. term is often thus written; and S. to gang wild, is synon. with will. It is probable, that the primary sense is that first given above. Animals might be denominated wild from their going astray.

W I L L - G A T E , W U L L - G A T E . 1. Literally, an erroneous

course. 2. In a moral sense, any course that is im­proper. »?•

W I L W I M W I L S U M , adj. In a wandering state, implying the ideas

of dreariness, and of ignorance of one's course, S. pron. wullsum.

Vpoun sic wise vnCertainlie we went Thre dayes wilsum throw the mysty streme, And als mony nychtes but sterneys leme.

Doug. Virgil, 74, 22. He blew, till a' the wullsome waste Rebellowin' echoed round.

Jamieson's Popular Ball. i. 244. Sw. en vUkam vaeg, an intricate road or way ; a road,

where one may easily go astray; Wideg. W I L L Y A R T , W I L Y A R T , adj. 1. Wild; shy; flying the

habitations and society of men. For feir the he fox left the scho, He wes in sick a dreid;

Quhiles louping, and scowping Ouer bushes, banks, and brais;

Quhiles wandring, quhiles dandring, Like royd and wilyart rais.

Buret's Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 18. 19. 2. Sometimes applied to one of a bashful and reserved temper, who avoids society, or appears awkward init,S.

But O for Hogarth's magic pow'r To show Sir Bardy's wilyart glowr,

And how he startl and stammer'd. Burns, i. 139. 3. Obstinate; wilful; unmanageable. *?.

From the adj. and Belg. geaard, q. of a wild nature or disposition. V. A R T .

W I L L A N , s. The willow or saugh, S.B. W I L L A W A C K I T S , interj. Welladay. S. W I L L - A - W A E S , interj. Welaway. *?. W I L L A W I N S , interj. Welladay, S.

O willawins ! that graceless scorn Should love like mine repay !

Lady Jane, Jamieson's Popular Ball. ii. 81. Ah! vMlawms for Scotland now, Whan she maun stap ilk birky's m o w Wi' eistacks. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 79.

A.S. wyn, win, signifies labor, infortunium, calamitas; q. wa la wyn, eheu calamitas 1

W I L L C O R N , s. Wild oats; what has not been sown. *?, W I L L Y , adj. Self-willed; wilful. 8. W I L L I C K , s. 1. The name most commonly given, by

seamen on the Frith of Forth, to the Puffin or Alca Arctica. They sometimes, however, call it the Cochandy. " In the south of Scotland it has various names, Willick,

Bass-cock, Ailsa-cock, Sea-parrot, Tomnoddy, Cockandy, Pope," &c. Neill's Tour, p. 197. The term Sea-Parrot corresponds to its Germ, name,

See-Papagey. It is also called Islandsk Papegoye, i. e. the Islandic Parrot. V. Penn. Zool. p. 512.

2. The name for a young heron. Loth. *?. WILLlE-FISHER,fi.The Sea-swallow. Also the Doukar. WILLIE-JACK, s. A go-between in a courtship. *?. WILLIE-POURIT, s. The spawn of a frog before it assumes the shape of one; a tad-pole. *?.

WILLIE-POWRET, s. The name given by children in Fife to the Seal-fish. *?.

WILLIE-WAGTAIL, s. The water-wagtail. S. WILLIE-WAND, WILLIE-WAUN, s. A rod of willow. S.

WILLIE-WASTELL, s. A game. V. WASTELL. *?. WILLIE-WHIP-THE-WIND. A species of hawk, Ang. O.E. the Wind-vanner. V. STANCHELL. See 8.

WILLIN'-SWEERT, adj. Partly willing, and partly reluctant; or perhaps rather affecting reluctance. *?.

677

WILLKAIL.fi. A name for wild mustard; q. wild kail. 8. W I L L O W - W A N D , s. A peeled willow-wand, a mark

formerly placed across the door of a house in the Highlands, to intimate that the people within wished to be alone, and to prohibit any person from entering.»?.

W I L R O N E , s. A wild boar. The bich the cur-tyk fannis ; The wolf the wUrone usis; The muill frequentis the annis, And hir awin kynd abusis. Scott, Chron. S.P. iii. 147.

This word is overlooked by Sibb. It is evidently very ancient. Su.G. vild, wild, and rune, a young boar. V. Ihre, vo. Ron, pruritus. Isl. rune, verres non castratus; Verel. The poet is here describing unnatural attachments.

W I L S H O C H , adj. Perverse. S. W I L S U M , adj. Wilful. 8. W I L T E D , part. adj. Shrunk; wasted. Syn. Wizzen'd.S. W I L T U N A . Wilt thou not. ,?. W I M B L E B O R E , s. A hole in the throat, which pre­vents one from speaking distinctly, S. in allusion to a hole bored by a wimble.

W I M M E L , s. The wind-pipe or weasand. *?. W I M M E L B R E E , WIMMELBREIS, *. A dish of the same composition as the Haggis, not stuffed into a sheep's maw, but made thin and used as a soup. *?.

To W Y M P I L , W O M P L E , v.a. 1. To wrap; to fold, S. Thare capitane, this ilk Strang Aventyne, Walkis on fute, his body wymplit in Ane felloun bustuous and grete lyoun skyn.

Doug. Virgil, 231, 55. And in the yet, forganis thaym did stand— Witles Discord that woundring maist cruel, Womplit and buskit in ane bludy bend. Ibid. 173, 3.

" — Whilk charge so written was wompled about an arrow head, syne shot up over the castle walls, where Ruthven might find the same," &c. Spalding's Troubles, 1.219, Sign. U. 2. To perplex ; applied to a legal decision. *?. 3. To move in a meandrous way, applied to a stream, S.

With me thro' howms and meadows stray, Where wimpling waters make their way.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 436. Teut. wimpel-en, velare ; involvere, implicare; Flandr.

wompel-en. To W I M P L E , v. n. To tell a story, in a deceitful way,

to use such circumlocution as shews a design to de­ceive, S.

W Y M P I L , W I M P L E , S. 1. A winding or fold, S.

Bot thay about him lowpit in wympillis threw, And twis circulit his myddill round about. And twys faldit thare sprutillit skynnis but dout.

Doug. Virgil, 46, 2. 2. Metaph., a wile, a piece of craft, S.B.

— A ' his wimples they'll find out, Fan in the mark he shines.

V. BRIN. Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 11. 3. A winding in a road. *?•

W Y M P L E D , adj. Intricate.

The Gentle Shepherd's nae sae easy wrought, There's scenes, and acts, there's drift, and there's de-Sic wvmpVd wark would crack a pow like thine.

Ross's Helenore, Introd. W I M P L E R , s. A waving lock of hair.

Doun his braid back, frae his quhyt head, The silver wimplers grew.

V. W Y M P I L . Vision, Evergreen, i. 214.

W I N W I N

WIMPLEFEYST.s. A sulkyhumour. V. AMPLEFEYST. To WIN, v. n. To dwell. V. W O N , To WIN, W Y N , WINNE, V. a. 1. To dry corn, hay, peats, &c. by exposing them to the air, S. Sibb. writes won as the v. But this is properly the pret, anciently wonnyn.

It fell about the Lammas tide When yeoman wonne their hay, The doughtie Douglas gan to ride. In England to take a prey.

Hume's Hist. Dougl. p. 104. " Little attention is paid, by the general run of farmers,

to win the grain in the stook." P. Wattin, Caithn. Statist. Ace. xi. 267, N. " The place quhar he winnes his peitts this yeir, ther he

sawis his corne the next yeire, after that he guidds it weill with sea ware." Monroe's Iles, p. 46. This respects the island of Lewis. " Cutting, winning, and carrying home their peats, how­

ever, consumes a great deal of time." P. Wattin, Caithn. Statist. Ace. xi. 268.

2. Often used to denote harvest-making in general. For syndry cornys that thai bar W o x ryp to wyn, to mannys fud : That the treys all chargyt stud With ser frutis, on syndry wyss. In this suete tyme, that I dewyss, Thai off the pele had wonnyn hay, And with this Bunnok spokyn had thai, To lede thair hay, for he wes ner. And sum that war with in the pele War ischyt on thair awne wnsele, To wyn the herwyst ner tharby.

Barbour, x. 189. 198. 219. M S . " The labourers of the ground—might not sow nor win

their corns, through the tumults and cumbers in the country." Pitscottie, p. 10. " Becaus kyng Henry was this tyme in France, and the

corne to be won, thay war content on all sydis to defend thair awin but ony forthir inuasion of othir quhill the nixt yeir." Bellend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 4. Jam messis in-staret; Boeth.

Su.G. wann-a, Alem. wann-on, Belg. winn-en, A.S. wind-wian, ventilare. Su.G. Isl. winn-a, to wither. In Isl. it is used especially with respect to herbs and flowers. For-wyned is an O.E. word of the same meaning, mentioned by Skinner, and expl. marcidus, arefactus. But he erro­neously derives it from A.S. dwyn-an, tabescere. Ihre gives Wisna as synon. with Win-a. V. W I Z Z E N .

Teut. winn-en corresponds to sense 2.; colligere fructus terrae. The origin of the A.S. ti. wind-wian, is wind, ventus; and, as it is a compound v., perhaps Teut. wij-en, purgare. V. W E C H T .

7bWIN,c.a. l.To raise from a quarry, S. won, part. pa. " Gif onie person be not infeft with sik priviledge, hee

may na-waies forbid, trouble or molest the King, or ony of his lieges to do the premisses: Or to win staines, quarrell, or to exerce ony vther industrie to thair awin profite and commoditie, within the floud marke of the sea." Skene, Verb. Sign. vo. Ware. " Narrest Seunay layes ther a little iyle callit in Erische

leid Elian Sklait, quherin there is abundance of skalyie to be win." Monroe's Iles, p. 10. " On the 9th instant, at a stone quarry near Auchter-

muchty, while James Ranken, mason, was winning some stones, the upper part of the quarry giving way, he was killed on the spot." Edin. Even. Courant, March 21,1805. 2. T o dig in a mine of any kind. *?ee Sup.

Bellenden gives the following curious account of pit-coal. " In Fiffe ar won blak stanis (quhilk hes sa intollerable

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heit quhen thai ar kendillit) that thai resolve & meltis irne, & ar thairfore rycht profitable for operation of smythis. This kynd of blak stanis ar won in na part of Albion, bot allanerlie betuix Tay and Tyne." Descr. Alb. c. 9. Effoditur ingenti numero lapis niger; Boeth.. " In Clidisdail is ane riche myne of gold and asure won

but ony laubour." Ibid. c. 10. Elsewhere he uses the word both as to quarries and

mines. V. T Y L D .

"The convention of estates — made an act, — that no coals should be transported to any burgh of Scotland, or to any foreign country, but all to be winn and sent to London." Spalding's Troubles, II. 107.

A.S. winn-an, Su.G. winn-a, Isl. vinn-a, laborare, labore acquirere ; because of the toilsome nature of the work.

To W I N O U T . T O raise as from a quarry; metaph. used. " Years and months will take out now one little stone,

then another, of this house of clay, and at length of time shall win out the breadth of a fair door, and send out the eraprisoned soul to the free air in heaven." Rutherford's Lett. P. I, ep. 129.

To W I N anes bread. T o gain it, properly by labour, S. V. etymon of the preceding v.

To W I N , v.a. 1. T o reach; to gain. To win the door, to reach it. 2. T o receive permission to go from one place to another ; as, to win hame. 8.

With what pith she had she taks the gate, And wan the brae; but it's now growing late.

Ross's Helenore, p. 62. To W I N the HOISS. To gain the prize. V. Hoiss. *?. WIN, s. Delight, *?. WIN, s. The quantity of standing corn that a band of reapers can take before them. <?.

To WIN, v. a. To give; used in regard to a stroke;' as, " I'll win ye a bleeze or blow." *?.

To WIN, W Y N , W O N , pron. wun, v. n. To have any thing in one's power, to arrive at any particular state or degree with some kind of labour or difficulty, S. corresponding to E. get, v. n. pret. wan. I will cum, gin I can win; I will come, if it be in my power: / coudna win; It was not in my power to come, S.

" What so his wille ware, Ferli neighe he wan,

Sothe thing: So neighe come never man,

Bot mi lord the king."—Sir Tristrem,p. 125, st. 105. And aye the o'er word o' the sang Was—" Your love can no win here."

Minstrelsy, Border, ii. 9. " It was said the marquis of Huntly was desired by

Argyl's letter to meet him at Brechin, but the marquis excused himself, saying, he' could not win." Spalding's Troubles, I. 113.

His stile is Bonnyha' ; And bonny is't, and wealthy, wealthy he, Well will she fa' that wins his wife to be.

Ross's Helenore, p. 78. It is often joined with an adj.; as, to win free, to win

loose ; sometimes with a s., as, to win hame, to get home, S. It is also used with a great variety of prepositions.

To W I N A B O O N . 1, To get the pre-eminence ; also, to

obtain the mastery; to get the better of; to overcome; as, / Mve won aboon all my fears, S. He's no like to win aboon't, It is not probable that he will recover from this disease, S,—2. It also signifies to recover one's spirits after some severe calamity. *?.

W I N W I N To W I N ABOUT. T O circumvent in any way; especially by wheedling, S.

To W I N AFF. 1. To get away; implying the idea of some obstacle or danger, in one's way, S. 2, To be liberated from prison, or to be acquitted in a judicial trial, S.; also, to be able to dismount, S. See Sup.

To W I N A-FLOT. T O break loose; to be set adrift; ap­plied to a vessel at sea. 8.

To W I N AFORE, or before. To outrun, S. And netheles hale before wan scho nocht.

Doug. Virgil, 133, 41.

To W I N AT. T O reach to, S. / coudna win at it; used both literally, as to what is beyond one's reach, and also metaph. with respect to expense. *?ee Sup.

To W I N A T LIBERTY. T O get free; to be released from restraint. «?.

To W I N A W A Y . 1. To get off; often, to escape, to get off with difficulty, S.

The Inglis men, that wan away, To thair schippis in hy went thai; And saylyt hame angry and wa, That thai had bene rebutyt sua.

Barbour, xvi. 655. MS. The worthi Scottis did nobilly that day About Wallace, till he was woun away.

Wallace, iv. 668. MS. Baith here and thare sone vmbeset haue thay The outgatis all, thay suld not wyn away.

Doug. Virgil, 289, 50. Win away occurs in Ritson's R. Hood, i. 107. But the

poem, as he conjectures, is undoubtedly Scottish. 2. To set off, as opposed to delay. *?.—3. It also some-

' times signifies to die; as, He's wun awa', q. he has obtained release from the sufferings of the present life, S. " I look not to win away to my home without wounds

and blood." Rutherford's Lett. P. III. ep. 24. To W I N BACK. To have it in one's power to return from a place. &

To W I N BEFORE. T O get the start of, S. No travel made them tire,

Til they before the beggar wan, And "cast them in his way.

Ritson's R. Hood, (Scot. Poem,) i. 106. To W I N BEN. To be able to go to, or to obtain admit­tance into, the inner apartment; to win but, to be able to go to the outer apartment, S. " Ye're welcome, but ye winna win ben;" Ramsay's S.

Prov. p. 85. To W I N FARRER, or F A R T H E R BEN. To be admitted to

greater honour; to be farther advanced. *?, To W I N BY, 1. To get past; used in a literal sense, S. 2. To escape, in relation to any danger. 3. Often used in relation to one's lot or destiny, with a negative; as, " He coud na win biff," i. e. It was his fate, so that he could not possibly avoid it. *?.

To W I N D O W N . 1. To reach ; to extend downwards. " He — had syde red yellow hair behind, and on his

haffits, which wan down to his shoulders." Pitscottie, p. 111. 2. To get down. & To W I N FORRAT. T O get forward, S. To W I N FREE, V. n. To obtain release. 8. To W I N GAE. T O break loose; to obtain liberation, Buchan; q. to be allowed to go.

This of my quiet cut the wizen, When he wan gae.—Dominie Depos'd, p. 30.

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To W I N IN. 1, To obtain access, S. Pallias was true as the steel, And keepit bidding wonder weel; And at the door received him in, But none in after him might win. Sir Egeir, p. 31.

" If my one foot were in heaven, and my soul half in, if free-will and corruption were absolute lords of me, I should never win wholly in." Rutherford's Lett. P. I. ep. 68. 2. To be able to return home.

Come kiss me then, Peggy, nor think I'm to blame; I weel may gae out, but I'll never win in.

Baron of Brackky, Jamieson's Pop. Ball. i. 106. To W I N INTO. T O get the benefit of. *?. To W I N NERE. T O get near, S.

Be this thay wan nere to the renkis end, Irkit sum dele before the mark wele kend.

Doug. Virgil, 138, 32. To W I N ON. T O be able to ascend, or to mount, as on horseback, S. " Our greatest difficulty will be, to win on upon the rock

now, when the winds and waves of persecution are so lofty and proud." Rutherford's Lett. P. Ill, ep. 18.

To W I N O N AH I N T one. To get the advantage in a bargain; to impose on one, S. apparently in allusion to one leaping on horseback behind another, and holding him as prisoner.

To W I N OUR, or OVER. l.To get over, in a literal sense, to be able to cross; implying difficult)', S. See Sup.

With that word to the dik he ran, And our eftre the king he wan.

Barbour, ix. 405. MS. 2. To surmount, metaph. S.

" But when they found that severals were winning over their oaths, and giving obedience to the Estates Orders, it gave them new provocation." Account Persecution of the Church in Scotland, p. 33.

To W I N OUT. T O escape; as, from a field of battle, &c. The Ingliss men, at durst thaim nocht abid, Befor the ost full ferdly furth thai fie Till Dwnottar a snuk within the se. Na ferrar thai mycht wyn out off the land,

V, SYTHENS, Wallace, vii. 1044. MS. His feris followis with ane felloun schout, Quhil that Mezentius of the feild wan out, Defend and couert with his sonnys scheild.

Doug. Virgil, 348, 34. To W I N T H R O W . 1. To get through, S.

" Ye mauna think to win through the warld on a fea­ther bed;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 83. 2. To cross a river or body of water, S, See Sup. 3. To be able to finish any business, S.

" Our progress in the assembly is small; there is so much matter yet before us, as we cannot win through for a long time after our common pace." Baillie's Lett. ii. 42. 4. Metaph., to recover from disease, S. To W I N TO. 1. To reach, S.

Mycht no man to it wyn—— V. AGAIT. Wallace, vi. 802. MS. " Thinke ye Sir, that before a man win to heauen, that

he must be racked and riuen as I am with fearfull temp­tations?" Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 140.

Ere any of them to him wan, There he slew an hie kinned man. Sir Egeir, p. 33. See gin you'll win unto this strypie here, And wash your face and brow with water clear.

Ross's Helenore, p. 15.

W I N W Y N See now the wark is near an end, I've turn'd out a' the stanes

Stood i' the road; the gutters sheel'd Ye a' win to at anes.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 37. 2. In the same neuter form, it is often used by the vulgar with respect to taking a seat near a table, or rather, beginning to eat of what is set on it, S. See 8.

3. To attain ; as denoting the state of the mind, S. " I thought I was more willing to have embraced the

charge in your town than I am, or am able to win to." Rutherford's Lett. P. III. ep. 21. 4. To have it in one's power to be present. *?. To W I N T O FOOT. T O get on one's legs, S.B.

— B y help of a convenient stane, To which she did her weary body lean, She wins to foot, and swavering makes to gang.

Ross's Helenore, p. 26. To W Y N T O G I D D E R . T O attain to a state of conjunction.

The Sothron als war suudryt than in twyn, Bot thai agayne to gidder sone can wyn.

Wallace, iv. 638, M S . To W I N UP. 1. To be able to ascend, S.

Bot, or thai wan wp, thar come ane, And saw Ledhouss stand him allane, And knew he wes nocht off thair men.

Barbour, x. 424. M S . Quod they, Is there nae mair ado, Or ye win up the brae ? Cherrie and Slae, st. 44.

2. To rise ; to get out of bed, S. " Win up, my bonny boy," he says, " As quickly as ye may;

" For ye maun gang for Lillie Flower, " Before the break of day."

Minstrelsy, Border, ii. 22. Won up, won up, my good master; I fear ye sleep o'er lang.

Glenkindie, Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 95. 3. To rise from one's knees.

0 when she saw Wise William's wife, The queen fell on her knee;

" Win up, win up, raadame !" she says : " What needs this courtesie ?"

Minstrelsy, Border, ii. 85. To W I N U P TO, or W I T H . T O overtake, S. To W I N W I T H I N . T O get within.

The menstral wan within ane wanis That day full weil he previt,

For he come hame with unbirst bainis, Quhair fechtars wer mischevit. Chr. Kirk, st. 15.

This term has been occasionally used, in some of these senses, by O.E. writers.

—That no schyppe sholde in wynne. Rich. Cueur de Lyon.

— " That no creature might wynne to her." Fabyan's Chron.

Syns at our narrow doores they in cannot win, Send them to Oxforde, at Brodgate to get in.

Heywood's Epigrams, Warton's Hist. E.P. iii, 90, Warton renders it enter in, observing that win is pro­

bably a contraction for go in. To winne to, to attain, Chau­cer, Rom. Rose, v. 3674. Palsgraue mentions this word. " I winne to a thing, 1 retche to it." He subjoins, how­ever ; " This terme is farre nortbren."

A.S. Alem. winn-an, Germ, winn-en, signify in general, to obtain, to acquire. But our term, although perhaps originally the same, is rather to be traced to Su.G. and Isl. In these languages, the v. assumes different forms; Su.G, inna, hinna, hwinn-a, winn-a, Isl. vmn-a. But Ihre

680

reckons winn-a the most ancient; viewing win, labor, as the root. In Su.G, it is sometimes used without, at other times with, a preposition. Jag wet ej huru laangt jag hwinneri dag; Nescio, quatenus hodie pergere valeam; Ihre, vo. Hinna. I wat na howfer I may win, the day, S. I know not, how far I may be able to proceed on my journey to-day, E.

Erke Biskopen tha ey laengre wann, An til Nykoeping, ther do hann. Archiepiscopus ulterius ire non valuit.

Chron. Rhythm, p. 308. Ibid. "The Archbishop wan na ferrer than til Bykoping,"

&c. S. Hinna upp en, aliquem praegressum assequi; Ibid.; to

overtake one who has gone before, E. to win up to him, S. Logo at du hinner up din broder i studier ; Take care to equal your brother in learning, Wideg. Tak care to win up to, or with, your brother, S. Han skail komma, om han hinner; He shall come, if he has time, Wideg.; ac­cording to the S. idiom, If he can win. Hinna til corre­sponds to w to or til, S. Han sprang, men hann icke til maalet; He ran, but did not reach, (win to) the goal. Hinna aat, to reach; Jag han iche hinna aat baegaren; I can't reach, E., (lean na win at, S.) the pot,

W I N , s. Gain. He sailit over the sey sa oft and oft, Quhil at the last ane semelie ship he coft; And waxe sa ful of warldis welth and win, His hands he wish [washed] in ane silver basin.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 10. It is elsewhere used in the same poem. V, B U D . They tine thir steps, all thay quhaevir did sin In pryde, invy, in ire, and lecherie; In covetice, or ony extreme win. — A n d covetice of warldly win < Is bot wisdome, I say for me.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. i. 246, 247. A.S, -win signifies labour, the proper source of gain.

But I do not find that it ever occurs as denoting gain itself. Germ, winne, is used ia the latter sense; as well as Belg. Sw. winst, from winn-en, winn-a, lucrari.

To W I N , v. a. To wind (yarn,) S., corr. from the E. word.

An' ay she win't, an' ay she swat, I wat she made nae jaukin. Burns, iii. 130.

W I N A C H I N . This term is equivalent to winnowing, in the Buchan dialect. But as used by Forbes, the meaning must be different.

For Agamemnon wvnachin, Diana's wench had stown;

An' wad na gie her back again, Bat kept her as his own.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 20. To W Y N A N D T YNE. " A man able to win and tyne," a man of substance, or as in S. a sponsible man. *?.

W Y N A K I R , s. Vinegar. 8. W I N A R E , s. One who sells wines. *?. W I N C H , fi. The act of wincing. 8. W I N C H E A N D , part. pr. Wincing. ,?.

He stert till ane broggit stauf, Wincheand as he war woode.

Peblis to the Play, st. 13. Mr. Pink, rightly explains it wincing; Select Scot. Ball.

Gl. V. WINZE.

W Y N D , s. An alley; a lane, S. —Thai til Edynburgh held the way; In at the Frere Wynd entryd thai, And to the Crag wp throwch the town

W Y N W I N Thai held thare way in a rawndown.

Wyntown, viii. 30. 48. " There is little or no change made on the other pas­

sages called Wynds and raws. Only it is to be observed, that in all those which have been made in the city or suburbs for at least fifty years past, we have neither gates nor wynds ; they are all streets and lanes." Statist. Ace. (Aberdeen) xix. 183. " Edinburgh and Stirling, two of the principal towns in

Scotland, are situated on hills, with one wide street, and many narrow lanes leading from thence down the sides of the hills, which lanes, from their being generally winding, and not straight, are called winds." Sir John Sinclair's Observ. p. 165, I hesitate if this be the origin. These lanes are gene­

rally straight. Perhaps rather from A.S. wind-on, to turn, as these are turnings from a principal street.

W Y N D , s. A warrior. Then Schir Golograse, for greif his gray ene brynt, Wod wrath; and the wynd his handis can wryng.

Gawan and Gol. iii. 10. In edit. 1508, it seems to be, W o d wraithand, &c. Germ, winn, winne, certator, bellator; -winne, bellum,

A.S. win. To W Y N D , v. n. 1. To turn towards the left; a term applied to animals in the yoke, and opposed to Haup, to turn towards the right. 2. Metaph. applied to an obstinate person. " He'll neither haup nor wynd," he'll neither turn to the right nor left. *?.

To W I N D A G A I N , V. n. To turn to the left again, when it is meant that a plough or cart should turn round and proceed in an opposite direction. *?.

7bWYND,?\a. To separate from the chaff. E.to winnow. To W I N D , v. n. To magnify in narration ; to tell marvellous stories, S.; perhaps from wind, ventus, as by the same metaph. a person of this description is said to blow. Hence,

W I N D E R , S. One who deals in the marvellous, S. Nearly synon. is Germ, windmacher, a braggadocio, a

noisy, pretending, swaggering fellow. To W I N D , v. a. To dry by exposing to the air. S. To W I N D one a PIRN. To do something injurious, or what will cause regret, to one. V. P I R N . *?.

W I N D A K , s. A window. *?. WINDASSES, fi. pi. Fanners for winnowing grain. *?. WIND-BILL, s. An acceptance or promissory note, granted for the accommodation of a person, and for which no corresponding value has been received. *?.

WINDCUFFER, s. The name given to the Kestril, Orkn. " The Kestril (Jako tinnunculus, Linn. Syst.) which

from its motion in the air, we name the wind-cuffer, may frequently be observed, as if stationed with its eyes fixed on the ground to discover its prey." Barry's Orkney, p. 312. V. STANCHELL.

W Y N D E , s. A certain length of cloth, now unknown. *?. W Y N D E L - S T R A Y , W I N D L E S T R A E , S. 1. » Smooth crested grass, S,, A. Bor." Rudd. Crested dog's-tail grass, Cynosurus cristatus, Linn. See Sup.

Branchis brattlyng and blaiknyt schew the brayis, With hirstis harsk of waggand wyndil strayis.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 202, 29. Now piece and piece the sickness wears away; But she's as dweble as a windle-strae.

Ross's Helenore, p. 56. 2. Metaph. used to denote any trifling obstacle.

" He that is red for windkstraws should not sleep in lees." Ferguson's S. Prov. p. 14.

V O L . II. 681

" No windkstraws, no bits of clay, no temptations, which are of no longer life than an hour, will then be able to withstand you." Rutherford's Lett. P. i.ep. 214.

A.S. windel-streowe, " calamus ; a reed, a cane, a wheate or oaten straw, of some at this day called a windel-strowe;" Somner. Calamus, ex quo conficiuntur sportae, Lye; from windel, sporta, a basket, Lancash. a windle.

W I N D F L A U G H T , adj. With impetuous motion, as driven by the wind, S.

Yit then Foryettis he not Eurialus luf perfay, Bot kest him euin ouerthortoure Salius way, Grufling as he micht apoun the sliddry grene, Maid him licht windflaucht on the ground vnclene.

Doug. Virgil, 138, 47. Teut. wind-vlaeghe, turbo, procella.

W I N D Y , * adj. 1. Vain; ostentatious. 2. Boastful.<?. W I N D I N , s. The smallest or most trifling matter. *?. W I N D I N G S H E E T , * s. To prevent the effects of

frantic sorrow, it was said, that if a tear fall on a wind-ingsheet, it disturbed the ghost of the dead and was fatal to the living. 8.

W I N D I S , s. A pulley. *?. W I N D Y - W A L L E T S , s.pl. 1. A ludicrous term for one

accustomed to break wind backwards. 2. One habit­uated to fibbing, or to magnify in conversation. *?.

To W I N D L E , v. a. To make up (straw or hay) into bottles, S. Teut. windel-en, fasciis vel fasciolis in-volvere; Gl. Sibb. Hence,

W I N D L E N , W O N L Y N E , S. A bottle of straw or hay, S. ',' Let the muckle horse get the muckle wonlyne ;" Ram­

say's S. Prov. p. 50. V. STRAE. It is now written windlen, which more properly marks

its origin. V. K E M P L E . To W I N D L E , v. n. To walk wearily in the wind. 8. W I N D L E S , W I N N L E S , S. A n instrument used by wo­

men for winding yarn. *?. WINDOCK, WINNOCK, *. A window, S. See Sup.

" Faill not, but ye tak guid heyd that neither the dasks, windocks, nor duris, be ony ways hurt or brokin—eyther glassin wark or iron wark." Letter, Ergyll, Stewart, &c. Statist. Ace. (P. Dunkeld) xx. 422, N. " When poverty comes in at the door, friendship flies

out at the winnock." Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 77. Isl. vindauge, vindoega, Su.G. windoega; according to

Ihre, from wind, the higher part of a house, and oega, an eye, because of the round form of the window. And indeed, round windows are often used in the upper part of buildings.

W I N D O W - B O L E , f i . A cottage windowfilledby a wood­en blind that may occasionally be opened. V. BOAL.*?.

W I N D O W - B R O A D , s. A window-shutter. *?. W I N D - R A W I N , W I N D - R O W I N G , S. The act of building

up peats in narrow heaps, to be dried. V . W I N R A W . * ? . W I N D - S K E W , s. A n instrument used for preventing

smoke. It consists ofa broad piece of wood, to which is fixed a long handle. This is placed on the chim­ney-top, and the handle hangs down the vent. It is altered from its former position, according to the change of the wind; Mearns. Perhaps from Su.G. wind, and skufw-a, sky, vitare, Alem.

scu-an, sciuh-en; q. what eschews the wind, Or wind may be from Su.G. wind-a, torquere, because of its change of place.

This, in Ang., is called a wriggk, perhaps q. wringle, from Teut. wringh-en, torquere; or from Su.G. wrick-a, id. The reason of both designations may thus be viewed as nearly the same,

3 4R

W I N W I N There is a possibility, however, that windskew may be

originally the same with Isl. Su.G. windsked, a little varied in signification. Asseres tecti, qui culmen et corticem tegunt, ne a vento dissipentur ; Verel. p. 294. Asser pro-minulus, qui a pariete pluviam defendit; a sked, assula; Ihre. He views wind as here signifying the higher part of a house.

WIND-SUCKER, s. A horse accustomed to fill his stomach with wind by sucking the manger. *?.

W I N D U S M A N , s. A person that is employed about a coal-heugh at the windlass. *?.

W I N D W A V E D , part. adj. Having the stem whirled about by the wind, so that the roots are loosened. *?.

W Y N E A N D O N W Y N E , adv. " To the right and left hand, every where," Gl. Ross.

Seek wyne and onwyne, miss no height nor how, And cry whene'er ye come upon a know.

Ross's Helenore, p. 45. From E. wind, to turn.

W Y N E , s. Apparently end ; termination. *?. W Y N E , interj. To the left. V. W Y N D , V. S. WINE-BERRY, s. 1. The common currant, S.B.

She led hym in to a fayr herbere, That frute groand was gret plente;

The fygge, and also the wynne bery. True Thomas, Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 20.

" In the north of Scotland, the common currant is called the wine berry ;" N. Ibid. 2. This term was formerly used in S. for grapes. *?. W I N E D . Wall. v. 384. Edit. Perth. V. U R N . W Y N E L L , s. An alley ; for S. Vennal. 8. W Y N E R , s. The foremost ox on the right hand in a team. W Y N E R S , pi. The foremost pair abreast. *?.

W Y N E SECT. The wine called sack. 8. To WINFREE, v. a. 1. To raise from the ground; to disentangle, Aberd. Winfreed, raised from the ground, Gl. Shirr. 2. To liberate; to set free in a general sense. *?. " Twa or three o's winfreed the wife, and gat her out."

Journal from London, p. 5. This v. seems composed of Win, to have in one's power,

q. v., to which an active sense is improperly given, and free, q. to get loose from any entanglement.

W I N G E D R O W . A half-penny roll baked with flat sides like wings; called also a Luggit row. *?.

WIN G E L , s. A tumour or soft growth. E. Wind-gall.S. To W I N G L E , v. n. 1. To move with difficulty under a load. 2, To wriggle; to walk feebly. 3. To bang loosely, and nearly in a detached state. *?.

To W I N G L E , v. a. To carry in a dangling way. *?.

To WYNIS, v. n. To decay ; to pine away, S.B. A wynist bairn, a child decayed by sickness. Either corr. from E. vanish, or from Belg. quyn-en, to

decay. W I N K , s. In a wink, in a moment, S.B. See Sup.

Snap went the sheers, then in a wink, The fang was stow'd behind a bink.

Morison's Poems, p. 110. This is analogous to BLINK, q. v.

WINKERS, s. The eye-lashes, S. WIN-KILL, s. A hollow in a stack of corn, hay, &c. to prevent it from being heated. Syn. Fause-house.S.

WINKIT, adj. Somewhat turned ; a term applied to milk, when it has lost the sweet taste, Loth. Wyntit, Dumfr., A. Bor. wented, id. Blinkit, bleezed, synon. S. If winkit be the original term, it may refer to the sup­

posed influence of an evil eye; as milk, more than any other species of food, has been considered as under the

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power of witchcraft. If wyntit be the true pron., perhaps from wind, as denoting the effects of exposure to the air. Alem. uuint, aura.

To W I N K L E , v. n. Diminutive from E. v. to wink. 8. W I N K L O T , s. A young woman ; a wench.

Ane winklot fell, Wow, quod Malkin, hyd yow; Quhat neidis you to maik it sua ?

Peblis to the Play, st. 8. A.S. wencle, wincle, a handmaid, a maid servant.

W Y N L A N D , part. pr. Whirling; moving in a circular manner.

Bot the gynour Hyt in the aspyne with a stane And the men that tharin war gane Sum ded, sum dosnyt, come doun wynland.

Barbour, xvii. 721. MS. Teut. windel, wendel, trochlea; windt-ei-en, wendtel-en,

volvere, circumagere, circumvolvere; from wind-en, tor­quere.

W I N N E L - S K E W E D , adj. Under the influence of an illusion in sight. <?.

W INNING, s. Conquest; attainment. *?. WINNING, s. Habitation ; residence. *?, WINNLE,*. The same withWindlen, a bottle of straw.*?, WINNOCK, s. A window. V. WINDOCK, *?, WINNOCK-BROD, s. A window-shutter. *?. WINNOWSTER, WINNISTER, S. A machine for win­nowing corn. *?.

WINRAME'S BIRDS. Left unexplained, *?. WIN R A W , s. " Hay or peats put together in long thin heaps, for the purpose of being more easily dried," S. Gl. Sibb. q. a row for winning. V. W I N , v. to dry. See Sup.

IZ'OWINRAW, v. a. To put in rows for winningor drying.*?. WINS, prep. Towards, in the direction of, pointing out the quarter, Ang., as, Dundee-wins, in the direc­tion of Dundee.

WINS. Used as a termination, as in Willawins, q. v. *?. W Y N S C O T T , s. Wainscot. *?. WINSEY, adj. Of or belonging to wool, S.B. appa­rently corr. from E. woolsey. Cotton-winsey denotes what is made of cotton and wool; Linen-winsey, of linen and wool, linsey-woolsey,

WINSIE, fi. Cloth of the linsey-woolsey kind. *?. W I N S H , s. A windlass. 8. WYNS1K. Ballade, S.P.R. iii. 133.

He sail clim in, and thay stand at the dure. For warldly wynsik walkis, quhen wysar wynkis :

Wit takes na worschip, sic is the aventure, Sen want of wyse men makis fulis to sitt on binkis.

Covetousness, eagerness for gain ; from Teut. win gewin, gain, and soeck-en, to seek. Thus ghe-win-soecker is ren­dered by Kilian, Luerio, homo quaestuosus. The term is printed wynsik, edit. 1508.

W I N S O M E , adj. 1. Gay ; merry; cheerful, S.B, Near what bright burn or crystal spring, Did you your winsome whistle bring ?

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 108, I gat your letter, winsome Willie.

Burns, iii. 248. This seems the more ancient sense. A.S. winsum,wyn-

sum, jucundus, laetus, amoenus, gratus; suavis, dulcis; Franc, wunnisam; hence wunnisamjeld, Paradisus; Otfrid. ap. Schilter, O. Teut.wonsaem,jucundus, laetus; Kilian. Lye derives the A.S. word from wyn, joy ; Alem. wunne, Teut. wonne, winne, id. 2. Comely; agreeable; engaging, S.

W Y N W Y R Nane eir durst meet him man to man,

He was sae brave a boy; At length wi' numbers he was taen, M y winsome Gilderoy. Ritson's S. Songs, ii. 27.

The Galliard to Nithside is gane, To steal Sim Crichton's winsome dun.

Minstrelsy, Border, i, 284. A. Bor. wunsome not only signifies, " lively, joyous,"

but, " smart, trimly dressed ;" Grose. The Franc, phrase used by Otfrid, wunnisam sconi,

approaches to this; delectabilis pulchritudo, Schilter. It is possible, however, that the word in this sense may

be radically different. For Su.G. waen, Isl. vaenn, signify beautiful, pulcher, amoenus. Hun war miog vaen pijka okfrid; Erat puella admodum pulera et venusta; Biblia Isl. Gen. 24.— Ihre views this word as very ancient; as allied to A.S. wine, delectus, to Lat. venustus, and also to the name of Venus.

WiNSOMELiE.twfo. In a cheerful and engaging way. 8. W I N S O M E N E S S , S. Cheerfulness ; engaging sweetness. *?. W I N S T E R , s. A disease of sheep kept in rich pas­

tures, from excessive fatness, similar to apoplexy. *?. W I N T , pret. v. Weened.

" Then James Douglas, seeing the King in his bed, mint that all had been sicker enough, and past in like manner to his bed." Pitscottie, p. 140.

W l N T , v. impers. Befall; as " W a e wint ye." »?. W I N T E R , s. I. The last cartful of corn that is brought

home in harvest. 2. The autumnal feast held after the complete ingathering of the crop. <?.

W I N T E R , s. A n implement at times hung on the grate to keep the tea-kettle, &c. warm. *?.

WINTER,WiNTER-souR,fi, Softcurds and butter mixed together, and eaten with bread. Crowdy-mowdie. S.

To W I N T E R , v.a. To feed cattle, &c. through the winter. W I N T E R - H A I N I N G , s. The act of preserving grass from being fed on during winter. *?.

W I N T E R - D Y K E S , s.pl. l.Wooden frames erected out of doors for drying clothes. 2. Improperly, a screen or frame used for drying clothes before the fire. 8.

W I N T E R E R , s. Horse, sheep, or cows, kept to feed in a particular place during winter. *?.

W I N T E R - F I S H , s. Fish caught about the middle of August, split and allowed to remain in the brine till the end of spring, when they are washed and dried for exportation, are called winter-fish. Shetl. *?.

W I N T E R I N . W I N T E R L I N G . S . A h ox or cow of one year.*?. W Y N T Y R , s. L Winter, Wyntown, i. 13. 72. 2. A year.

Thretty wynter and foure than Edan regnyd mac-Gowran. Wyntown, iv. 8. 41. Combust, as oure story sayis, Wes twenty wyntyr Kyng regnand.—Ibid. v. 7. 337,

It is justly observed, Gl. Wyntown, that this mode of reckoning prevailed among all the nations in high latitudes, the greatest part being put' for the whole; and that, for a similar reason, the southern nations computed by summers.

The learned Spelman asserts, perhaps rather fancifully, that in honour of the infernal gods, the ancient northern nations did not reckon by days and years, but by nights and winters ; according to that of Tacitus, Nox diem ducit. Hence, he adds, their nocturnal sacrifices. Vo. Herthus.

Moes.G. wintr-us, hyems; also, annus. Be the worth twalib wintrus ; When he was twelve years old; Luk, ii. 42. A.S. winter has both senses. And thus the same passage is rendered, A.S. version; And tha he waes twelf wintre. Hence gewintrad, grandis aetate, grown to full

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age, Su.G. winter is used in both senses; and Isl. vetur ; hiems, pro integro anno, Verel.

W I N T R O U S , adj. Wintry ; stormy. " The more wintrous the season of the life hath beene,

looke for the fairer summer of pleasures for euermore." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 283.

W Y N T I T , adj. A little soured. V. W I N K I T . To W I N T L E , v. n. 1. « T o stagger x to reel," Gl.

Burns, S.O. — N o w ye dow but hoyte and hoble, An' wintle like a saumont-coble. Burns, iii. 142.

2. To wind round. 3. To wriggle ; to writhe. *?. W I N T L E , s. A staggering motion, S.O.

He by his shouther gae a keek, An' tumbl'd wi' a wintle,

Out-owre that night. Burns, iii. 134. W I N T O N - M O N E Y , s. Money given to a herd to in­

duce him to take care of cattle put under his charge. *?. W I N Z E , s. A curse or imprecation, S. To let a winze,

to utter a curse. He—loot a winsse, an' drew a stroke. Burns, iii. 136.

Teut. wensch signifies not only, votum, desiderium, but imprecatio, Kilian. Germ, wunsch-en, adprecari. V. W I N -CHEAND.

WINZIE, adj. Left unexplained. *?. To WIP, W Y P , V. a. To bind round -, as, to wip the skair ofa rod, to bind a division of a fishing-rod with thread frequently and tightly brought round it, S. Wypit, part. pa.

Thair bricht hair hang glitterand on the strand In tresis cleir, wypit with goldin threidis.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 10. To the, Bacchus, sche rasit eik on hie Grete lang speris, as thay standards were, With wyne tre branchis wippit in thare manere. •

V. the s. Doug. Virgil, 220, 30. W Y P , S. . A wreath ; a garland.

With lynning valis, or lyke apronis lycht, Thay war arrayit, and thare hedis dycht In wyppys of the haly herb varuane.

Doug. Virgil, 411, 3. Varuane is the herb vervain, much used by the Romans

in their sacred rites. Wyp seems to be originally the same with Moes.G. waip, wipja, corona, the term used to denote the crown of thorns plaited by the Roman soldiers (Joh. xix. 5.,) apparently in resemblance of the wreaths or chaplets given to victors. This is nearly allied to OO P , q. v.

W Y P E , s. A blow given by accident, or carelessly. *?. WIPPEN.fi. The cloth round the handle of a golf-club.*?. W Y R , s. A n arrow.

" Than till his boy he said in hy, " Yon men will slay ws, and thai may. " Quhat wapyn has thow ?" ' Ha Schyr, perfay, ' I haiff bot a bow, and a wyr.' He taisyt the wyr, and leit it fley, And hyt the fadyr in the ey, Till it rycht in the harnys ran.

Barbour, v. 595, 623. MS. Vyre occurs in the same sense, O.E.

And as a vyre Whiche flyeth out of a myghty bowe, Awey he iledde for a throwe, As he that was for loue wode, Whan that he saw howe it stode.

Gower, Conf. Am. Fol. 28. a. Fr. vire signifies " the arrow called a Quarrell ; used

onely for the cross-bow;" Cotgr. Arm. bir, an arrow. Isl. our, telura, sagitta; G. Andr.

W I R W I S

Our term might seem allied to Su.G. waer-ia, Belg. ge^weer, Germ, wehr, ge-wehr, ge-waer, any kind of arms or warlike instruments, from waer-ia, weer-en, wehr-en, to defend.

To W Y R , v. a. To " sling down," Pink. It is used to denote the circling motion of a crane, employed by those within the walls of a besieged town, to let down burning faggots on the works of the besiegers.

Johne Crab, that had his geir all yar, In his fagaldis has set the fyr; And our the wall syn gan thaim wyr, And brynt the sow till brundis bar.

Barbour, xvii. 704. MS. —Sypyring, qubils wyring My tender body to. Buret's Pilgr.

V. SUOUFE.

It seems properly to signify, to wreath, to move in a circle, to whirl about; Su.G. wer-a, Mod. Sax. wyr-en, Fr. vir-er, Lat. gyr-are.

WIRDIE, adj. Weighty; important. V. W'ERDY. *?. W I R E - W O R M , s. A voracious grub. V. C U T W O R M . *?. W Y R I N G I N G , s. Fretting ; carking. *?. To WIRK, W Y R K , v. a. 1. To work; to cause ; to ac­complish.

The wyis wroght uther grete wandreth and weuch, Wirkand woundis full wyde, with wapnis of were.

Gawan and Gol. iii. 5. Thus the hye fader almyghty in cavis dirk, Their [Thir] wyndis hid, for drede sic wrangis thai

wirk. Doug. Virgil, 15, 2. Than Patience sayis, ' Be na agast: ' Hald hoip and treuthe within the fast; ' And lat Fortoun wirk furthe hir rage.'

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 126. 2. To make; to form.

Quhat sail I do ? Alace that I was wrocht! Get Symon wit it war my undoing.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 78. Moes.G. waurk-jan, facere ; A.S. wirc-an, wyrc-an, id.

used with respect to creation; Uton wircean man; Let us make man, Gen. i. 26. Alem. uuirch-on, Isl. virk-ia, verk-a. Perhaps these words appear in a more radical form in

Isl. yrke, yrk-ia, arare, colere terram; from yr-ia, id. gle-bam radere. V. G. Andr. p. 137.

WIRK, WERK, S. Work. Gyff he will nocht, racunnyss all his land

On to the tyme that he this werk haiff wrocht. Wallace, iii. 277. MS.

WIRL, s. 1. A small rickety child, or any stunted ani­mal. 2. A diminutive and harsh-featured person. *?.

WIRLIN, adj. Querulous ; peevish. *?. W Y R O C K , s. A sort of corn on the foot. V. VIRROK. To WIRR, v.n. 1.To gnar; to snarl; to growl, as a dog. 2. To fret; to whine. V. YIRR. *?.

W I R R , s. A crabbed fellow; a diminutive peevish per­son ; as, " a cankered wirr." S.

W I R R A B L A A , s. A violent and short exertion. 8. WIRRY-CARL, s. A bugbear. g. W I R R Y - C O W , WORR Y C O W , * . 1. A bug-bear; a scare­crow, S. Wirry-carl is at times used as synon. Gl. Sibb.

Blyth to win aff sae wi' hale banes, Tho' mony had clowr'd pows;

And draggl'd sae 'mang muck and stanes, They look'd like wirrykows.

Ramsay's Works, i. 260. 2. Any frightful object, or awkward-looking person. *?. 3. The devil, Gl. Shirr.

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Hamilton evidently uses the term in this sense, in one of his Epistles to Ramsay.

Lang may thou live, and thrive, and dow, Until thou claw an auld man's pow ;

And thro' thy creed, Be keeped frae the wirricow,

After thou's dead. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 346.

Frae Gudame's mouth auld warld tale they hear, O' warlocks louping round the Wirrikow.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 57. 4. A goblin of any description. *?.

From wirry, to worry, (V. WERY,) and Cow, q. v. WIRRY HEN.

Ane dyvour coffe, that wirry hen, Destroyis the honor of our natioun ; Takis gudis to frist fra fremit men, And brekis his obligatioun.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 171. st. 6. Worry-hen, Evergreen, ii. 221. Perhaps, one who swallows up the property of others,

as a hen gobbles up what is thrown out: or, from A.S. werig, wyrig, wicked, malicious, cursed.

To W Y R R I E , v. a. To strangle. V. W E R Y .

WIRSCHIP, s. V. WORSCHIP. To WIS,* v. n. To know ; pret. wisi. *?. 7b WIS, WISS, v.n. To wish—Wis, Wiss, *. A wish.*?. W Y S A R , fi. The visor. V. W E S A R .

WISCH, pret. v. Washed. The Pape beginnis to grace, as greablie ganit, Wisch with thir wirchypis, and went to eounsale.

Houlate, iii. 17. To WISCHEAF, v. a. To vouchsafe. *?. WISCHELL-BUIK,s. Perhaps a work on exchange. *?. To WISE, v. a. To incline by caution or art, V. WEISE. Add., 4. To weise awa', to wheedle ; as, to entice a tradesman to leave his master, Clydes.

WISE-HORN, s. The gizzard. Syn. Gusehorn. *?. To WISEN, WYSSIN, W I Z Z E N , v.n. 1. To wither; to

become dry and hard, S. pron. wizzen; A.Bor.id. *?ee*?. Fast by my chalmer on hie wisnit treis The sary gled qubissillis with mony ane pew, Quharby the day was dawing wele I knew.

Doug. Virgil, 202, 19. 2. To be parched, in consequence of thirst.

His wysnyt throte, hauand of blude sic thrist, Generis of lang fast sic ane appetite, That he constrenit is in extreme syte.

Siccae fauces, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 276, 5. A.S. wisn-ian, weosn-ian, for-weosn-ian, tabescere, lan-

guescere, -marcescere; "to pine, fade, or wither away. The Lancastrians to this day have it, to wisen away," Somner. Isl. visn-a, id. Og hans hoend visnade; And his hand withered; Isl. Bibi. 1 Kings xiii. Su.G. wisn-a,foer-wisn-a, primarily denote the withering of flowers. Win-a, which Ihre views as more ancient, is used in the same sense.

To W I S E N , V. a. To wither; to cause to fade, or make dry. Sum stentit bene in wimand wyndis wake ; Of sum the cryme committit clengit be Vnder the watter or depe hidduous se.

V. v. a. Doug. Virgil, 191, 34. W I S E N W Y N D . A ludicrous name for the wind-pipe.*?. To WISHILL, v. a. To exchange. V. WISSEL, V. 8.

W I S H Y - W A S H Y , s. Any sort of thin blashy drink, as very weak tea, beer, negus, &c. *?•

WISHIE-WASHIE, adj. Delicate; ofa soft habit; ap­plied to the constitution. S.

W Y S WISHY-WASHIES, s. pi. « Bustling in discourse ; a

cant term for being slow in coming to the point," S.B. Gl. Shirr.

Mirth does o'er plainly i' your face appear, For me to trow that Simon isna near. Nae wishy washies, lad, lat's hear bedeen ; Ye've news, I'm sear, will glad mair hearts than ane.

Shirrefs' Poems, p. 31. This seems precisely synon. with Wkitie-whaties, q. v.

It is nearly the Belg. term. WISHT, interj. Hist; hush ! *?. To WISY, v. a. To examine, &c. V. VESY. To WISK, v.a. 1. To give a slight brushing stroke with any thing pliant, as twigs, hair, a piece of cloth, &c. 2. To hurry away, as if one quickly swept off any thing with a besom.

Bot quhen I walknyt, al that welth was wiskit away. Doug. Virgil, 239, b. 15.

The E. v. whisk is now used in the same way, S. Germ. wisch-cn, to wipe ; Su.G. wiska, hwiska, a besom.

WI S K . S . A slight brushing stroke with anything pliant.*?. To W I S K away, v. n. T o move off nimbly, S, whisk, E,

Bot suddanly away thay wisk ilkane Furth of our sicht, hie vp in the sky.

Doug. Virgil, 75, 50. W Y S K , S. A quick motion, S. whisk.

Bot the King, that him dred sum thing, Waytyt the sper in the cummyng, And with a wysk the hed off strak.

Barbour, v. 641. M S . With ane wysk may be viewed as used adv. in the sense

of quickly. Fresch Bewtie with ane wysk come [up] belyve, And thame all reistit war thai never so kene.

King Hart, i. 25. W I S P , s. Perhaps a wreath of any kind. *?. WISP, s. A n ill-natured person ; a wasp. *?. To W I S P the Shoon. To stuff straw into the shoes or brogues of the peasantry, to keep the feet comfortable.

To W I S S , W I S S E , v. a. To wiss one to any place or thing; to direct; to guide ; to put in the way of ob­taining it, S. Can ye wiss me to the way ? Can you direct m e to it ? Wisse is used as signifying to guide, Sir Tristrem. To Crist his bodi he yald,

That don was on the tre ;— — " Lord, mi liif, me bi hold, In world thou wisse me,

At wille; Astow art lord so fre,

Thon let me never spille. P. 27. st. 36. 'Dame,' said the King,' wald thow m e wiss ' To that place quhar thair repair is, ' I sail reward the but lesing.'—Barbour, iv. 478. M S .

In S. wiss is often used for E. wish. But there is no affinity to this v.

Wissa is the imperf. and pret. of Moes.G. wit-an, scire; A.S. wis-ian,. wiss-ian, docere, instruere, monstrare, diri-gere: Ladmenn that the wegas wissigeon; Conductores qui tibi vias monstrent; Gen. xxx. 15. Isl. vys-a, Dan. vys-er, Alem. uueiz-an, Germ, weiss-en, (certificare,) Su.G. wis-a, id. ostendere. Wisa wagen, viam ostendere.

W I S S , fi. The moisture that exudes from bark, in pre­paring it for tanning; Perths.

Isl. vaes, vos, humiditas. V. W E E S E , V. W YSS, adj. 1. Wise ; prudent, S. See Sup.

Eduuard past south, and gert set his parliment: He callyt Balyoune till ansuer for Scotland.

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W Y S The wyss lordis gert hym sone brek that band.

Wallace, i. 76. M S . Willyam Wallace, or he was man of armys, Gret pitte thocht that Scotland tuk sic harmys. Mekill dolour it did hym in hys mynd ; For he was wyss, rycht worthy, wicht, and kynd.

. Ibid. ver. 184. M S . 2. Knowing ; informed, Ye want ay to be sae wyss; You are so anxious to know every thing, S. Hence wysser, better informed ; as, Ididna mak him

ony wysser ; I gave him no further information, S. A.S. wis, sapiens; wis geworden, certior factus, Bede, ap.

Lye; Teut. wis, ghewis, Su.G. wiss, certus ; whence wiss-het, certitudo, wisst, certo, foerwiss-a, certam fidem facere, wissa, certa indicia. V. the v. 3. In the full exercise of reason, generally used with a negative, S. " Anes wood, never wise, ay the worse;" S. Prov. Fer­

guson, p. 5. W Y S S W I F E , Wise-wife, s. A periphrasis for a witch, S.

" Most of this winter was spent in the discovery and examination of witches and sorcerers. Amongst these, Agnes Samson (commonly called the wise wife of Keith) was most remarkable, a woman not of the base and igno­rant sort of witches, but matron-like, grave, and settled in her answers, which were all to some purpose." Spots-wood, p. 383.

Wise woman is synon. in E. " Pray, was't not the wise woman of Brainford ?"

Shakspeare. " At this daie it is indifferent to saie in the English

toong; She is a witch ; or She is a wise woman." Scott's Discouerie of Witchcraft, B. V. c. 9.

In the same manner, witches are in Germ, called weissen-frauen; in Belg. a witch is witte-vrouwe. Stylo Francorura et Alamannorum vaticinari dicuntur non solum divinitus inspirati, quos prophetas vocamus, sed etiam con-jectores et hariolatores. Gloss. Keron. propheta, uuizzago ; Gloss. Pez. arioli, uuizzagun, pythonessa, uuizzago ; Wach­ter, vo. Weissagen, vaticinari. The Egyptian magicians are in the A.S. version called wisustan witan, Gen. xii. 8. from the superl. wisest, wisust, sapientissimus. Witega, witga, denotes both a true prophet, and a diviner.

Isl. -vit, knowledge, is used, in a secondary sense, to de­note magical arts; and vaett, for a witch. Hence, says the author of Gl. Landnamab., our old terra, vitk-r, a ma­gician. To the same source he traces E. witch; although this has been generally referred to A.S. wicca, id. Wico-ian signifies to fascinate, to use enchantments. West-Goth, wit-a, to fascinate; Seren. vo. Witch. E. wizzard is evidently from Alem. uuizz-an, scire.

These designations all equally originate from the claim made by witches and sorcerers to superior wisdom; or from the supposed extent of their intelligence, in the judgment of others. V. Keysler. Antiq. Septent. p. 504-.

This mode of expression has been used very early. In Egypt, the term wise-men seems to have been synon. with magicians. " Pharaoh called for all the magicians in Egypt, and all the wisemen thereof;" Gen. xii. 8. Ex. vii. 11. In our own country, whatever knowledge was as­cribed to persons of this description, it was, however, generally believed that their own lot remained a secret to them. Hence the reflection, in that humorous Song, The Rock, &c. which seems to have been proverbially used in former times:

But they'll say, She's a wise-wife that kens her ain weerd. V. Ross's Helenore, p. 133.

W Y S S - L I K E , adj. 1. Possessing the appearance of pro­priety ; prudent; decent; becoming. See Sup.

2. Befitting one's situation or circumstances. *?.

W I T W I T WYSSLIKE, adv. Properly ; decently. *?.

A.S. wis-lic, prudens; Germ, weislich, discreetly, judi­ciously.

7b WISS, v.n. To wish.—Wiss, fi. A wish. V. Wis.*?. WISS, fi. Use. *?. To WISSEL, v. n. 1. To exchange. 2. To join in pay­ing for drink ; to club. Syn. Birle. *?.

WISSEL, S. Change. V. QUHISSEL.

WISSLER, WISLARE, S. One who exchanges money.*?.

To WISSLE WORDS. 1. To talk; to hold discourse.

2, To bandy words of strife. *?. 7b WISTEL, v. a. To wager; to stake ; to bet, Ang.

an improper use of the v. Quhissel, to exchange. To WISTER, W Y S T E R , V. n. To be engaged in a broil or scuffle, accompanied with high words. <?.

WISTER, W Y S T E R , S. A scuffle of this description. *?.

WYSURE, «. For oft with wysure it hes bene said a forrow, Without glaidnes awailis no tressour,

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 54. st. 1. " Wisdom," Gl. Lord Hailes. But perhaps with wysure

signifies, with men distinguished for wisdom; from A.S. wisra, sapientior. It may, however, be referred to Belg. , wyser, Alem. wiser, prudens.

To W I T , W I T T , V. a. To know, part. pa. wit.

At the set trist he entrit in the toun, Wittand no thing of all this falss tresoun.

Wallace, iv. 732. M S . The remanent hereof, quhat euer be it, The weird sisteris defondis that suld be wit.

Doug. Virgil, 80, 48. Moes.G. A.S. wit-an, scire, noscere.

W I T , W I T T , S. Intelligence ; information ; tidings, 7b get wit of a thing, to obtain information with respect to it; to let wit, to make known; to communicate in­telligence, S.

Thai left him swa, and furth thar gait can gang, With hewy cheyr and sorowfull in thocht; Mar witt of him as than get couth thai nocht.

Wallace, i. 252, M S . So Lundy thair mycht mak no langar remayn, Besouth Tynto lugis thai maid in playn. Schyr Jhon the Graym gat wit that he was thar.

Ibid. ix. 615. M S . A.S. wit, ge-wit, scientia, notitia. This is perhaps the

primary sense; although Dr. Johns, views the E. term as originally denoting the mind. In a simple state of society, knowledge itself would probably receive its name in the first instance, which would at length be transferred to the mind as the subject or seat of it. To suppose the con­trary, is certainly to ascribe too much abstraction to an uncivilized people. It perhaps confirms this idea, that the s. is evidently from the v.

To W Y T , v. a. To shun ; to avoid. It wes gret cunnandnes to kep Thar takill in till sic a thrang; And wyt sic wawis; for ay amang The wawys reft thair sycht off land.

Lat. vit-are. Barbour, iii. 714. M S . It may, however, be meant for with, being written wu'

in MS. " W I T C H - B E A D S , s.pl. The name given to Entrochi. S. W I T C H - B E L L S , s.pl. Round-leaved Bell-flower, S.

Campanula rotundifolia, Linn. There is a considerable analogy between this and its

Sw, name in Dalc-karlia. This is Maerebiael, i. e. the Mare's bell; tho right-mare being viewed as an incubus or evil genius. Thev are also called Thumbles, S.B i. e

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thimbles, which corresponds to their name in Gothland, Fingerhatt, q, a covering for the finger.

W I T C H - C A K E , fi. A cake, according to tradition, prepared for the purposes of incantation. S.

WITCH-GOWAN, s. V. under G O W A N . *?. WITCHES BUTTERFLY. A large thick-bodied but­terfly of the moth tribe, ofa drab or light brown colour,

W I T C H E S K N O T S , Matted bunches resembling birds' nests, often seen on stunted thorns or birches; supposed to be produced by a stoppage of the juices. *?.

W I T C H E S THIMBLES. The Flowers of Foxglove. 8. WITCH-SCORE, s. A line drawn with a sharp instru­ment above the breath of one suspected of witchcraft.*?.

W I T C H I N G D O C K E N . An old name for tobacco. S. W I T C H U C K , s. The Sand-Martin, a bird. *?. To W I T E , v. a. To blame ; to accuse ; the prep, with

being often added, as, Ye need na wite me with that, S. For is also used. S. Prov. " Wite your self, if your wife be with bairn;

spoken when people's misfortunes come by their own blame ;" Kelly, p. 357.

It is used, in an improper construction, in another em­phatic Prov. "Aw thing wites, where nae thing weil fares; i. e. Every thing is blamed, where nothing prospers." V. Kelly, p. 26.

A.S. wit-an, Moes.G. id-weit-jan, imputare, ascribere, exprobrare. Su.G. wit-a. Wil thet uk sielfwum, at tu owislika bides; Id tibimet imputa, quod iraprudenter petas; Kon. Styr. ap. Ihre. Belg, Zij zich zelven to wyten heb-ben ; the same idiom as the S. " They have themselves to wite." This word is used both by Chaucer and Gower. A. Bor. id. See Sup.

WITE, WYTE, S- Blame, S. Besyde Latyne our langage is imperfite, Quhilk in sum part is the cause and the wyte, Quhy that Virgillis vers the ornate bewte Intill our toung may not obseruit be.

Doug. Virgil, 9, 40. A.S. Su.G. wite is used, in a secondary sense, for the

consequence of blame, that is, punishment. In A.S. it denotes both civil and corporal punishment. Hence Flii-wyte, the fine paid for a broil, S. jliting. . Blodwyte, &c. Isl. vijte, noxa; vyt-a, vitii notare aliquem, vytt-ur, vitii notatus ; G. Andr. p. 256. This writer seems to view it as allied to the Lat. term,

W Y T E L E S S , adj. Blameless.

" If all be well, I's be wyteless." S. Prov.—" spoken with a suspicion that all will not be well; and if so, I have no hand in it;" Kelly, p. 202. " They wyte you, and you no wyteless;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 72.

W I T E R , S. One who blames another.' *?,

W I T E W O R D I E , adj. Blameworthy. S.

WYTENONFA, s. A name for a disease. V. W E D -ONYPHA.

W I T H . To gae with, v. n. T o miscarry; to fail; to go contrary to inclination or expectation, S. It is used both with respect to persons and things ; He's gane with aw the giiher; H e has completely gone wrong ; either as respecting one's circumstances, or moral conduct.

Withis here used as in A.S. and as Su.G. wid, signifying against. A.S. with-ga-en,with-ga-n, to oppose,

W I T H , Wi', prep. 1. Against; as, " I'll be wi' him for this yet," 2. In the sense of, according to; as, " Wi' his tale."

W i ' T H I S , adv. Upon this ; hereupon. g.

W I T W I T W I T H T H A T , adv. Upon that; thereupon ; denoting

one thing as the consequence of another.

Tresoune thai cryt, traytouris was thaim amang. Kerlye with that fled out sone at a side. His falow Stewyn than thocht no tyme to bide.

Wallace, v. 153. M S . Isl. vid that is synon. Fluga fuglar upp hia theim, vid

that faeldust kestur theirra, ocfellu menn afbaki, sumer bruto hendur sinar, enn sumer faetur, edaskeindust a vopnum sinom, fra sumum liopo rossin, oc foro their vid that heim aptur: Literally, " Fowls flew above them ; with that," or, " in consequence of that, their horses took fright, and men fell from their backs. Some broke their arms, and others their legs. Some were wounded by their own weapons : from some their horses fled; and with that they returned home."—Kristnisag. p. 24. In the Gl. this phrase is rendered, ideo, his factis.

W I T H T H I , conj. 1. Wherefore; Barbour. It seems to have been used so late as the reign of Ja. VI.

Bot thy greit grace has mee restord, Throw grace, to libertie; To thy mercy with thee will I go.

Poems, \6th Century, p. 111. With thee is undoubtedly an error for with thi.

2. Provided; on condition. And gyff that ye will trow to me, Ye sail ger mak tharoff king, And I sail be in your helping: With thi ye giff me all the land, That ye haiff now in till your hand.

Barbour, i. 493. M S . Withy seems synon. I shall dight the a Duke, and dubbe the with honde; Withy thou saghtil with the Knight, That is so hardi and wight, And relese him his right, And graunte him his londe.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. ii. 26. A.S. with, propterea, and thy, quod.

To W I T H E R , v. n. T o fret; to whine; to whimper. *?. W I T H E R G L O O M , s. The clear sky near the horizon.*?. W I T H E R L O C K , s. The lock ofa horse's mane of which

one takes hold when mounting on bis back. *?. WITHEROU, s. A rogue. *?. WITHERSHINS, adv. In the contrary direction; con­trary to the course of the sun. V. WIDDERSINNIS. *?.

WITHERSPAIL,*. Goosegrass-or clivers. *?. WITHER WECHT, s. The weight thrown into one scale, to counterbalance the paper, or vessel, in the opposite scale, which contains the goods bought; the wiiherwecht being adjusted before these goods are put into the other scale, S.B. See Sup. A.S. wither, against, and wiht, weight, q. opposite

weight. W Y T H E S T , adj. Apparently,wyehtest, most powerful,*?. W I T H - G A N G , s. Toleration ; permission to pass with

impunity, Skene. From gong, to go, and the prep. with. In the same

sense, we say, S. that one should not be allowed to gang with a thing, when it is meant that one's conduct in any instance ought not to be tolerated, S.

W I T H - G A T E , s. Liberty; toleration. See Sup. — " Procuring thereby not onlie private grudges, but

publicke exclamations, against the with-gate and libertie granted unto such shameful scafferie and extortion."— Acts, Ja. VI. 1621, c. 19.

This, although synon. with With-gang, is formed from the s. gate, A.S. gat, via, instead of the v.

687

To G E T T H E W I T H G A T E . T O gain the advantage; to get

the better of; to overcome by some false pretence. *?. 7b W I T H H A L D , v. a. 1. To withhold, S. / quiescent. 2. To hold ; to possess.

The Kyngis palice and all that rial hald All hir allane ane douchter did withhold.

Doug. Virgil, 206, 22. The goldin palyce now, with sternes brycht, Of heuyn, in sete ryall, wythhaldis that wicht.

Ibid. 212, 38. This v. resembles A.S. tcith-haebban, which not only

signifies resistere, but continere, retinere. W I T H L E T T I N G , s. Obstruction.

" The following is the title of one of the sections of Barbour's Bruce, edit. 1620. " The withletting of the Passe of Endnellane," p. 272.

A.S. with, Isl, vid, Su.G. wid, against, and A.S. let-on, Su.G. laet-a, to permit; as denoting the reverse of per­mission, that is hinderance, opposition ; in the same manner as A.S. with-cyosan, reprobare, from with, contra, and cyosan, eligere.

W I T H O U T Y N , p r e p . Without. Thai gart serwandys, with outyn langer pleid, With schortawiss on to the wall him bar: Thai kest him our out of that bailfull steid.

Wallace, ii. 252. M S . This in M S . is generally written as two words. The acute Mr. Tooke rejects all former derivations of

without, affirming that " it is nothing but the imperative wyrthutan, from the Anglo-Saxon and Gothic verb weor-than, wairihan,—esse." Divers. Purley, i. 217. Thus he views it as literally signifying Be out; as analogous to But. This, however, seems to be too great a sacrifice to hypothesis. Even on his own ground, it would have been more natural to have deduced this term from A.S. wit-an, discedere, to depart, to go away, to go forth. For ut witan is expressly rendered, Foras discedere, exire; Boet, p. 186, Lye.

It appears, however, that it is composed of A.S. with, versus, denoting motion towards a place, and utan, extra; as with westan, versus occidentem, Oros. i. 1. V. O U T W I T H .

To W I T H S A Y , v. a. To gainsay; to oppose ; to speak against. Barbour gives the following account of the conduct of

the English, under Edw. I. And gyff that ony man thaim by Had ony thing that wes worthy, As horss, or hund, or othir thing, That war plesand to thar liking: With rycht or wrong it have wald thai. And gyf ony wald tham withsay, Thai suld swa do, that thai suld tyne Othir land, or lyff, or leyff in pyne.

The Bruce, i. 210. M S . This passage is quoted, Wyntown, viii. 18, 44. A. S. with-saegg-an, " inficiari, to deny, to gainsay;"

Somner. Chaucer, id. TbWITHSETjfl. a. To block up; to stand in the way of.

And ane othyr, hat Makartane, With set a pase in till his way.

Barbour, xiv. 107. M S . A.S. with-sett-an, to resist. See Sup.

To W I T H T A K , v. a. To lay hold of; to seize. " And last of all, some violentlie intromettit, withtaken,

and yit uphaldis the yronis of our Cunyehous, quhilk is ane of the cheif pointis that concernis our croun." Pro­clamation, Francis & Mary, Knox's Hist. p. 147.

A.S. with-taec-an, ad capere. WITTANDLIE, WITTANLIE, adv. Knowingly. *?.

W I T W L O 7b WITTER, WYTYR, V. a. To inform; to make known.

Witteryt, wytryd, informed. For he said thaim that the King was Logyt in to sa strayt a place, That horssmen mycht nocht hira assaile. And giff futemen gaiff him bataile, He suld be hard to wyn, giff he Off thair cummyng may witteryt be.

Edit. Pink, wittyt. Barbour, vii. 533. MS. For thai thowcht wytht swylk a wyle This Makbeth for til begyle; Swa for to cum in prewate On hym, or he suld wytryd be. Wyntown, vi. 18.378.

Su.G. witr-a, id. Notum facere, indicare, Ihre. Isl. vitr-ast, innotescere, apparere et praemonere. In Isl. it seems especially to respect the manifestation of a person. Hence witran, an apparition ; Witrur, a term synon. with Alfar, Elfur, our Elves or Fairies, because these little demons (daemonioli) sometimes made their appearance. Verel. Ind. p. 295.

WITTIR, WITTER, S. 1. A mark; a sign ; i. e. an indi­cation.

In this place stikkit hich the prince Enee Ane mark or wittir of ane grene aik tre, In terme and taikin vnto the marineris, Quharfor to turn agane as thaym efferis.

Doug. Virgil, 131, 48. Now is he past the wittir, and rollis by The roche, and haldis souirly throw the se.

Meta, Virg. Ibid. 133, 14. 2. A pennon; a standard.

" He snatched away his spear with his guidon or witter." Hume's Hist. Doug. p. 98. V. GUIDON. 3. In curling, the mark towards which the stones are shoved. Syn. Tee. g.

WITTRELY, adv. According to good information. For I can noucht reherss thaim all. And thoucht I couth, weill trow ye sail, That I mycht nocht suffice thar to, Thar suld sa mekill be ado. Bot thai, that I wate wyttrely, Eftre my wyt reherss sail I. Barbour, x. 350. MS.

It occurs in O.E. in the sense of wisely, knowingly. Whan ye witten witterly, where the wrong lyeth, There that mischiefe is great, Mede may helpe.

P. Ploughman, Fol. 14. b, WITTRYNG, W Y T T R I N G , WITTERING, s. 1. Informa­

tion ; knowledge. For Schyr Eduuard in to the land Wes with his mengne, rycht ner hand, And in the mornyng rycht arly Herd the countre men mak cry; And had wittryng off thair cummyng.

Barbour, ix. 564. MS. Ertb the first moder maid ane takin of wo, And eik of wedlok the pronuba Juno, And of thare cupling wittering schews the are, The flamb of fyreflaucht lichting here and thare.

Doug., Virgil, 105, 40. 2. It sometimes denotes information with respect to future events, or ofa prophetic kind.

A priwe spek till him scho made; And said, " Takis gud hep till my saw, " For or ye pass I sail yow schaw " Off your fortoun a gret party. " Bot our all speceally " A wyttiing her I sal) yow ma, " Quhat end that your purposs sail ta. " For in this land is Dane trewly

688 '

" Wate thingis to cum sa weill as I." Barbour, iv. 642. MS.

A. Bor. wittering, a hint. Isl. vitr-a is given by Verel. as synon. with Sw.foreboda, to prognosticate; sind, as we have seen, is frequently used to denote preternatural ap­pearance. It seems derived from Moes.G. wit-an, scire ; and is thus allied to the various terms respecting prophecy or divination, mentioned under the article WYSS WIFE.

WITTER-STONE, S. Apparently, a stone originally placed as a witter or mark. " — Find, that the mill-dam and mill-land of Pitlessie

have been past memory as it now is, and that it is not the occasion of the regorging of the water upon the mill of Ramorney; and that the stone called the witterstone is not a stone for the regulating thereof." Fountainhall, i. 66.

WITTER, s. The barb of an arrow or fish-hook; the barbs of a trident, or spear for striking fish, S. *?.

7b W I T T E R , v. n. « To fight; to fall foul of one another; Gl. Sibb.; perhaps to take one by the throat.

V. WITTERS. Belg. veter, a point; Teut, wette, acies cultri.

WI T T E R T , part, adj. Barbed. >?. WITTER, s. A tree reserved in a general cutting. *?. 7b W I T T ER, v. n. To struggle in whatever way; often, to struggle for a sustenance. S.

WITTERS, s.pl. Throats. See Sup. " The queans was in sic a firryfarry, that they began

to misca' ane anither like kail-wives, an' you wou'd hae thought that they wou'd hae flown in ither's witters in a hand-clap." Journal from London, p. 8. This seems corr. from Lat. guttur.

WITTING, s. Knowledge. *?. WITTINS, s.pl. Knowledge. Without my wittins, with­out my knowledge, S. This seems the E. part, in pi. used as a s., unless from

the A.S. part, wittende, knowing. WITTIS, s. pi. The senses ; the organs of sense.

Myself is sound, but seikness or but soir; My wittis fyve in dew proportioun.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 132. It is used in the same sense by Chaucer. " This is to sayn the dedly sinnes that ben entred into

thyn herte by thy five wittis." Tale of Melibeus, p. 284, edit. Tyrwhitt.

7bWYVE,WYWE,t\a. To weave.—WYVER,*. A spider.*?. 7b WIZE, v. a. To entice away. V. WEISE. *?. WIZEN, s. The throat, S. gee Sup.

" It tasted sweet i' your mou, but fan anes it was down your wizen, it had an ugly knaggim." Journal from Lon-don, p. 3. This is an improper use of E. weasand, the windpipe,

WIZZARDS, s.pl. Quick-grass, or other weeds, dried, withered, or wizzened, on fallow fields. *?.

To WIZZEN, v. n. To become dry. V. WISEN. WLISPIT, pret. Lisped. V, ULISPIT. *?. W L O N K , adj. 1. Gaudily dressed; used in the superl. wlonkest.

Thus to wode arn thei went, the wlonkest in wedes, Both the Kyng, and the Quene : And all the douchti by dene; Sir Gawayn, gayest on grene, Dame Gaynour he ledes.

Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 1. 2. Rich.

There he wedded his wife, wlonkest, I wene, With giftes, and garsons, Schir Galeron the gay.

Ibid, ii, 28.

W O D W O D It is also used as a s., like bricht, schene, &c. denoting a

woman of rank, or splendidly dressed. The wedo to the tother wlonk warpit thir wordis.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 50. Here corrected from edit. 1508. A.S. wlonce, wlance, gay, splendid, rich. This adj. seems

to have been also used substantively, to denote an elegant woman. Wlanc wundenloce wagon; Splendidam tortam capillis (foeminam) portabant; Lye. Wlonce monige, mag­nates plurimi, is a phrase also used. It is not improbable, that this word gives us the origin

of the vulgar term Flunkie, universally used in S. for a servant in livery; q. one who wears a gaudy dress, as re­ferring to his parti-coloured attire.

W O , interj. Addressed to draught-horses, when the driver wishes them to halt, or stop altogether. *?.

W O A G E , s. A military expedition. V. W I A G E .

W O B , s. A web, S. wab. See Sup. Riche lenye wobbis naitly weiffit sche.

Doug. Virgil, 204, 46. Thair is ane, callet Clements Hob, Fra ilk puir wyfe reiffis the wob.

Maitland Poems, p. 333. WOBSTER, W O B S T A R , s. A weaver.

" Wobsters suld be challanged, that they make over many lang thrummes, to the hurt of the people." Chal­merlan Air, c. 25, § 1.

Find me ane wObstar that is leill, Or ane wakar that will not steill, (Thair craftines I ken ;) Or ane miliar that has na fait, That will steill nowder meill, nor malt, Hald thame for hely men.

V. WEB S T E R . Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 191.

WOBAT, adj. I have ane wallidrag, ane worm, ane auld wobat carle.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 48. It maybe the same word which is frequently used, Ang.,

although generally pron. wobart, signifying feeble, de­cayed ; as, a wobart, or wobat, bairn, a child that appears weakly or decayed. Wobart-like, having a withered or faded look. It seems, however, to be properly a s. and the same

with woubit, a hairy worm. V, V O W B E T . W O C E , s. Voice.

Than all answer with a cry, And with a woce said generaly That nane for dout off deid suld faile, Quhill discumfyt war the gret bataile.

Barbour, ii. 407. MS. Quhy grantis thow not we micht ione hand in hand ? And for to here and rander wocis trew ?

Doug. Virgil, 25, 39. To W O C H E , v. a. Apparently, to assert a claim to any property, and invite those who oppose this claim to exhibit their objections, *?.

WOD, W O O E , W O U D , s. A wood. In the first frost eftir heruist tyde,

Leuis of treis in the wod dois slyde. Doug. Virgil, 174, 11.

Towart Meffen then gan thai far ; And in the woud thaim logyt thai.

Barbour, ii. 304. MS. A.S. wudu, Belg. woud, id. The S. pron. is wud.

W O D , W O D E , V O D , adj. 1. Mad, S.wud. One is said to

be wud, who is outrageous in a state of insanity. See S. Fra Butlar had apon gud Wallace seyn, Throuch auld malice he wox ner wod for teyn.

Wallace, xi. 402. MS. V O L . II. 689

A wod dog, one that has the hydrophobia, S. " Quhen it [the sterne callit canis] ringis in our hemis-

pere, than dogis ar in dangeir to ryn vod, rather nor in ony vthir tyme of the yeir." Compl. S. p. 89. It also occUrs in this sense, O.E.

Bitten by a wood-dog's venom'd tooth. Fletchei-'s Faithful Shepherdess, Act. ii.

This seems to be the primary sense. Moes.G. wods is the term used in describing the demoniac, Mark v. 18, who was exceeding fierce. A.S. wod, amens, insanus. Isl. od-ur,id. Belg. woedt. This sense is retained in O.E. woode. " Tweye men metten him that hadden develis and

camen out of graves ful woode so that no man myghte go bi that wey." Wiclif, Mat. viii. 2. Furious with rage; denoting the act, S. It is some­times conjoined with wraith or wroith, angry, q. angry to madness. *?ee Sup.

Maist cruell Juno has or this alsua Sesit with the first the port clepit Scea, And from the schippis the oistis on sche callis, Standand wodwraith ennarmed on the wallis.

Doug. Virgil, 59, 27. Wod wroith he worthis for disdene and dispite.

Ibid. 423, 16. A.S. wod, furiosus. Isl. od-ur is used both as signifying

insanus, and ira percitus. This is most probably the origin of the name Odin or

Woden, the great God of the Northern nations, whence our Wednesday ; from od-ur, or wod, furiosus. Some have viewed this deity as the same with the Mercury of the Romans. But as, like Mercury, he presided over elo­quence, in other respects his attributes correspond exactly with those of Mars. For he is still represented as the God of battle, as dispensing the fate of it, and as feasting on the slain. V. Verstegan, p. 80. His name seems in­deed to express the rage of battle; and his character is analogous to that of Mars, as described by the Poet.

Amyd the feild stude Mars that felloun syre, In place of melle wod brym as ony fyre; The sorrowful Furies from the firmament By the goddis to tak vengeance war sent.

Doug. Virgil, 269, 9. 3. Having a fierce or fiery temper; expressive of the habit. A wudbody, a person ofa very violent temper,S.

4. Ravenous; in relation to appetite. Bot the vile bellyis of thay cursit schrewis Haboundis of sen maist abhominabill, And pail all tyme thare mouthis miserabill For wod hunger and gredy appetyte.

Doug. Virgil, 75, I. 5. Wild, as opposed to an animal that is domesticated. Hence wod catt, a wild cat. The term is used metaph. by Blind Harry.

Yon wood-cattis sail do ws litill der ; W e saw thaim faill twyss in a grettar wer,

V, W E D E , V. Wallace, x. 809. MS.

A N C E W O D A N D A Y W A U R , 1. Increasing in insanity. 2.

One who, being in a passion, still waxes more furious. *?. L I K E W U D , adv. Like one who is infuriate, mad. A?.

W O D , W U D . In the wud o't, an expression applied to a person, when eager to obtain or do any thing, or when greatly in need of it, S.B. It seems merely an oblique use of A.S. wod, Isl. od-ur,

mente captus, q. having the mind so engaged, as to be able to attend to nothing else.

W O D M A N , S. A madman. 8. WODNES, s. Fury; madness, S. See Sup.

4 S

W O I W O L Ho w mony Romanis slayne wes, And wys men rageand in wodnes.

Wyntown, iv. 23. Rubr. Vnsilly wicht, how did thy mind inuaid Sa grete wodnes ? Doug. Virgil, 143, 23. Infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit ?

Virg. iEn. v. 465, " And whanne his kynnes men hadden herd thei wenten

out to hold him, for thei seiden that he is turned into woodness." Wiclif, Mark iii.

Uuotnissa, dementia; Isidor. iii. 4, ap. Schilter. W O D S P U R , s. A forward, unsettled, and fiery person,

S. used like the E. designation Hotspur, pron. wud-spur. See Sup.

WODDER, s. Weather. "Wynd andwodder," Aberd.*?. W O D E FRIE. Void and free, without any armed men./?. WODENSDAY, s. Wednesday, Roxb. *?. WODERSHINS, adv. V. WIDDERSYNNIS. W O D E W A L L , W O O D WEELE, S. " Expl. a bird of the thrush kind; rather perhaps a wood-lark;" Gl. Sibb. It appears to be the green Woodpecker. See 8.

I herde the jay and the throstell, The mavis menyd in hir song,

The wodewak farde as a bell That the wode aboute me rung. True Thomas, Jamieson's Popular Ball. ii. 11.

" Farde is beryd, made a noise," in another MS., which is certainly preferable. In the Gl. wodewak is expl. " redbreast."

W O D R O I S S , s. A savage. The rowch wodroiss wald that bustouiss bare, Our growin grysly and grym in effeir. Mair awfull in all thing saw I nevare Bayth to walk, and to ward, as wethis in weir. That drable feiloun m y spirit affrayit. So ferfull of fantesy. Houlate, ii. 24. MS.

Here, as in Bann. M S . rowch, saw, wethis, are put for rowth, sail, withis, in S. P. Repr, It seems doubtful whether the word in M S . be not

rather wodwiss, as ro and w are often undistinguishable. According to this reading, the original term most pro­

bably is A.S. wude-wase, in pi. wude wasan, satyrs, fauns, Gl. Aelfric, p. 56, (unfael wintu synon.) from wudu, a wood. The origin of wasan is uncertain.

This A.S. term seems to have been corr. into wode-house, O.E., used in a similar sense. " Those [actors] said above to have been on board the

city foyst, or galley, are called monstrous wilde men ; others are frequently distinguished by the appellation of green men ; and both of them were men whimsically attired and disguised with droll masks, having large staves or clubs, headed with cases of crackers. At the bottom of the thirty-second plate is one of the green men, equipped in his proper habit, and flourishing his fire-club; and at the top a savage man, or wode house, a character very common in the pageants of former times, and [which] probably re­sembled the wilde men." Strutt's Sports, p. 282. This immediately refers to the age of Henry VIII. V. p. 190 also 279, N. Drabk, mentioned by Holland, may signify servant;

Teut. drevel, a servant, a drudge, a slave; mediastinus, Kilian.

W O D S E T , s. The same with Wadset, q. v. *?. W O D S E T , adj. Let in wadset. g.

W O D W A R D , s. Sense doubtful. g WOED, pret. v. Waded. V. WOU D E . g. WOFT, s. The woof in a web. V. WAFT. To WOID, v. a. To divide.

690

A feiloun salt with out thai can begyn; Gert woid the ost in four partis about, With wachys feyll, that no man suld wsche out.

Edit. 1648, Divided. Wallace, viii. 744. M S . W O Y E L E Y , adv. Sir Gawan and Sir Gal. i. 24.

He shal be wounded, I wys, woyeley I wene. It refers to the treacherous manner in which King

Arthur is said to have been slain. A.S. wolice, prave, inique; wo-lic, pravus.

W O I K , pret. v. Fled ; wandered. The voce thus wyse throwout the cietie woik,

Vagatur, Virg. ii. 17. Doug. Virgil, 39, 12. Rudd. refers to Ital. vog-are, Fr. vog-uer, to swim;

viewing these as well as woik, as perhaps derived from Lat, vag-ari. But undoubtedly, it is more probably the same with A.S. woe, woce. ortus est, suscitatus est, from waec-an, suscitari; E. awoke. Or it may be from A.S. weolc, revolvit, from wealc-an. But the former is preferable.

W O Y N E , s. Maitland Poems, p. 164. The trone of tryell, and theatre trew, Is for to regne, and rewle above the rest. W h o hes the woyne him all the world dois vew; And magistrat the man dois manifest.

This has been expl., difficult situation, difficulty; Sw. wonda, difficultas. It may be allied to A.S. wine, Su.G. winne, labor, winn-a, wond-a, laborare, curare.

W O I S T A R E , W O U S T O U R , s. A boaster, S. vouster; Rudd.

Bot war I now, as vmquhile it has bene, Ying as yone wantoun woistare so Strang thay wene, Ye had know sic youtheid, traistis me, But ony price I suld all reddy be.

Doug. Virgil, 140, 49. Sic vant of woustours with hairtis in sinful statures, Sicbrallarisand bosteris.degenerait fra thair naturis,— Within this land was never hard nor sene,

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 43. st. 9. Rudd. views this as the same with waster, wastour, in

P. Ploughman ; probably led to adopt this idea from its being rendered by Skinner, Thraso, a hector. But the term there evidently signifies a spendthrift or prodigal. Those of this description were persons who songeat the note, who would give no help to the Ploughman to erie, i. e. till, his half acre, but hey trolly lolly, Fol. 32. b. Therefore Peter thus addresses them.

Ye be wasters I wote wel, and Trueth wot the sothe,

Ye wast that men wiunen, with truayle and wyth tene, And Truth shall teach you his teme to dryue, Or ye shal eat barly bread, and of the broke drinke.

It is indeed afterwards said; —Than gan a wastoure to wrath him & wolde haue fought,

And to Piers the Plouwman he proferd his gloue, A britoner, a bragger, and bofeted Pierce also, And bad him go pysse with his plow, forpyned schrewe, Fol. 33. a.

But the terms britoner, and bragger, shew that wastoure conveys a different idea. It is under the later character that this ancient writer lashes the clergy for their prodi­gality and indolence. V. V O U S T .

W O I T T I N G , part. pr. Voting. *?. W O K L Y , adv. Weekly. *?. WOLK.jore*. Walked.

On salt stremes woik Derida and Thetis, By rynnand strandes, Nymphes and Naiades.

Doug. Virgil, 402, 27. W O L K , s. Week. " Euerilk woik," every week. *?. WOLL, s, Wool. *?.

W O N W O O WOLL, WOIL, s. A well. 8. W O L R O U N , «.

I have ane wallidrag, ane worm, ane auld wobat carle, A waistit wolroun, na worthe bot wourdis to clatter.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 48. In edit. 1508, it. is crandoun, apparently the same with

Crawdon, q. v. But wolroun appears preferable, because of the alliteration. This word seems synon. with Culroun. It is well known

that q and u are frequently interchanged. N o w Su.G. gall signifies testiculus, and Teut. ruyn-en, castrare. That gall was also written wall, is highly probable from the variety of similar terms, allied in signification ; as Germ, wol, pleasure, luxury; Alem. welun, id. welig, voluptuous; Germ, wal-en, luxuriose crescere, wek, amia. V. W A -LAGEOUS.

WOLT, s. A vault. V. VOUT. 8. 7b WOLTER, v. a. To overturn. See Sup.

Bewar! we may be wolterit or we witt; And lykways lois our land, and libertie.

Maitland Poems, p. 162. Teut. woelter-en, volutare. V. W E L T E R .

W O L T E R , s. A n overturning; a change productive of confusion, S. waiter. See Sup. " The Papists constantlie luked for a wolter, and thare-

for they wald mak som brag of ressoning." Knox's Hist. p. 318. In MS. penes auct. Walter. V. the v.

W O L V I N , part. pa. Woven. *?. W O L W A T , WOLWOUSS, *. Velvet. 8. WOMAL, W U M M E L , S. A wimble ; an instrument for boring. V. WOMBIL. *?.

WOMAN-HOUSE, s. The laundry. *?. WOMAN-MUCKLE,a$". Having thesizeof a woman.*?. WOMAN'S SONG. To Lay the Woman's Song, an em­phatic phrase signifying to change mirth to sorrow, for the loss of a husband, child, or lover. *?.

WOMBIL, WOMMILL, WOMYLL, S. V. WOMAL. *?. W O M E N T I N G , s. Lamentation.

Cruel womenting occupiit euery stede, Ouer al quhare drede, ouer al quhare wox care.

V. WAYMING. Doug. Virgil, 51, 31.

7b W O M P L E , v. a. To wrap; to involve. V. WIMPIL. 7b W O N , v. n. To be able to have any thing in one's power. V. W I N , V. n.

To W O N , WIN, W Y N , V. n. To dwell, S. wonne, wun, A. Bor.

Sa maid he nobill chewisance. For his sibmen wonnyt tharby, That helpyt him full wilfully. Barbour, iii. 403. M S .

And thay that wonnys in Nursia sa cald. Doug. Virgil, 234, 14.

— A n d thay that in Flauinia feildis duell, Or that wynnys besyde the lake or well Of Ciminus- Ibid. 233, 22. For peace we're come, and only want to ken, Gin ane hight Colin wins into this glen.

Ross's Helenore, p. 97. O.E. wone, wun, —Ther woned a man of gret honour, To whom that he was always confessour.

Chaucer, Sompn. T. v. 7745. A.S. wun-ian, Germ, won-en, Teut. woon-en, id. Franc.

uuon-an, manere, morari in loco. The primary sense thus seems to be the same as that of E. dwell, to tarry, to delay.

W O N N E R , s. A dweller ; an inhabitant. *?.

691

W O N N Y N G , W Y N I N G , S. A dwelling. See Sup.

And the lady hyr leyff has tayn : And went hyr hame till hyr wonnyng.

Barbour, v. 177. MS. Douglas uses a singular tautology.

Als swyftlye as the dow affrayit dois fie Furth of hir holl, and richt dern wyning wane, Quhare hir sueit nest is holkit in the stane, So feirsly in the feildis furth scho spryngis.

Doug. Virgil, 134, 40. A.S. wununge, mansio. V. the v. and W A N E , id.

7b W O N , v. a. To dry by exposure to the air. WON,WONNYN,part.pa. Dried. V . W I N , V. 2. to dry. *?.

W O N , part. pa. Raised from a quarry; also, dug from a mine. V. W I N , V. 3.

WONCE.fi. An ounce of weight. *?. 7b W O N D , v. n. To go away ; to depart; used for wend.

Thow sail rew in thi ruse, wit thow but wene, Or thow wond of this wane wemeles away.

Gawan and Gol. i. 8. W O N D , s. Wind. " Wind and wodder." Aberd. *?. W O N E D , pret. v. Perhaps, prepared. S. W O N G E , s. The cheek.

The tale when Rohand told, For sorwe he gan grete;

The king beheld that old, How his wonges were wete.

Sir Tristrem, p. 42, st. 67. A.S. waeng, wang, maxilla, pi. wongen, Su.G, Belg.

wang, Alem, uuang, Isl, vong. WONYEONIS,fi.jo/. Onions. ,?. W O N N Y N , part. pa. Obtained, from v. to win. *?. W O N N Y T , Barbour, xx. 368. Leg. Wemmyt. WONT-TO-BE, s. An ancient custom or practice. *?. W O O , fi. Wool, S.

Humph, quoth the Deel, when he clipp'd the sow, A great cry, and little woo.

S. Prov., " spoken of great pretences, and small perfor­mances." Kelly, p. 165.

Some worsted are o' different hue An' some are cotton,

That's safter far na' ony woo That grows on mutton.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, Shop Bill, pp. II, 12. Its a' ae woo, S. Prov. It is all one, there is no dif­

ference. See Sup. W O O Y , adj. Woolly. &

W O O D E R , s. The dust of cotton or flax. *?. W O O D I E , s. 1. Two or three willow twigs twisted to­gether, used for binding the end of a broom or birch besom. 2. A halter for hanging a criminal 8.

To C H E A T T H E W O O D I E . V. under WIDDIE. *?.

CHEAT-THE-WOODIE, S. One who has narrowly escaped

from being hanged ; usually applied to a person who is believed to deserve this punishment. *?.

WO O D I E - C ARL, s. The name of a pear. *?. WOOD-ILL, WUDE-ILL, fi. A disease to which black cattle are subject from eating some kind of herb, which makes them pass blood instead of urine. Syn. Muir-ill. " 8.

W O O D - L O U S E , s. A book-worm. *?. W O O D R I P , s. The Asperula Odorata, E.Woodruff.S. W O O E R - B A B , s. l.The garter knotted below the knee with a couple of loops, formerly worn by a young man who was too bashful to announce in words that the purpose of his visit was to propose marriage.

W O R W O R

The lads sae trig, wi' wooer-babs, Weel knotted on their garten. Burns, iii. 126.

2. The neck-cloth knit with the lover's knot, so as to display the babs or ends. 8.

W O O F , s. One of the names of the Grey Gurnard. *?. W O O I N - S W A B S , s.pl. A great bellyful. *?. W O O L S T E R , s. A wool-stapler. *?. W O O N E , part. pa. of the v. Win, to dry. Dried. *?. W O O S T E R , s. A suitor ; a wooer. *?. 7b W O O Z E , v. n. To distil. E. Ooze. 8. W O P , s. A thread with which any thing is bound. *?. W O R , pret. Guarded; defended.

Gud Wallace euir he folowit thaim so fast, Quhill in the houss he entryt at the last; The yett he wor, quhill cumin was all the rout, Of Ingliss and Scottis he held na man tharout.

V. W E R . Wallace, iv. 487. MS. W O R , adj. Worse.

" Johane Caluyne—is repugnant in materis concernyng baith faith & religioun, tyl al the rest of thir factius men abone rehersit, inuenting ane new factioun of his awin, quharethrow he wald be thocht singulare (as he is in deid) for thair hes bene bot fewe wor (in all kynd of wickit opinion) in the hale warld." Kennedy's Catechisme, p. 92. V. W A R .

W O R C H A R D . W O R T C H A T J W O T C H A T , * . An orchard.*?. W O R D , v. impers. Become. V. W O R D I S . *?. W O R D , * s. To get the word o', to have the character of. " She gets the word o' being a licht-headit queyn." 8.

W O R D S , s.pl. To mak Words. I, To talk more about any thing than it deserves. 2. To make an uproar. *?.

W O R D Y , adj. Worth; worthy, S. W e thought that dealer's stock an ill ane, That was not wordy half a million.

Ramsay's Poems, i. 334. W O R D I S , v. imp. It wordis, it behoves ; it becomes.

Schir Amar said, Trewis it wordis tak, Quhill eft for him prowisioune we may mak.

Wallace, iii. 271, MS. Truce it behoves you take.

Edit. 1648. B E E W O R D E of occurs in the sense of become of.

" Then many shall wonder what can bee worde of such a blazing professor, when they shall see all his rootlesse graces withered and wasted." Z, Boyd's Last Battell, p. 425.

W I L L W O R D of occurs in the same sense, as signifying, will become of. g. Belg. word-en, ge-word-en, to become; Su.G. waerd-a,

anciently woerd-a, wird-a, Isl. verd-a, interesse, pertinere. Although A.S. weorth-ian is not radically different, I do not find that it was used in this sense. V. W O R T H , V.

To W O R K or W U R K , v. a. l.To sprain ; to tourk one's shacklebane, to sprain one's wrist, 2. To trouble ; to vex ; to torment. V. W A R K , v. g.

To W O R K to one's self. A decorous phrase used by the peasantry, signifying to ease nature. "He's wurking to himsell." g,

W O R L , W O R L I N , s. A puny and feeble creature. See S. Worlin wanworth, I warn thee it is written, Thou skyland skarth, thou has the hurle behind.

Dunbar, Evergreen, ii. 57. When that the Dames devotly had done the devore In having this hurcheon, they hasted them hame, Of that matter to make remained no more, Saving next how that Nuns that worlin should name.

Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 19 Worlin is merely a dirain. from worl, wurl, wroul, which

692

are all corr. from Warwolf, q. v. There seems to be no good reason to doubt that A. Bor. " orling, urling, a stinted child, or any ill-thriving young stock," (Gl. Grose,) has the same origin.

W O R M , * s. 1. An old name for a serpent; often one of a monstrous size. 2. A designation given by old people to the toothache. 3. The hungry worm, the gnawings of hunger. *?.

W O R M - M O N T H , S. The month of July. *?. W O R M - W E B , W O R M - W A B , S. A spider's web. *?.

W O R R Y - C A R L , s. 1. A snarling ill-natured carl, who speaks as if he would worry one. 2. A large coarse pear.*?.

W O R R Y C O W , s. A bugbear, &c. V. WIRRY-COW. *?. To WORRIE, v. a. To strangle. See Sup.

" I juge that we troubyll not thame quha fra amangis the gentiles ar turnit to God, bot that we wryte that thay abstaine fra the filthynes of ydolis, fra fornicatioun, fra that is worreit, and blude." Kennedy's Catechisme, p. II.

V. WERY. 7b W O R R Y , V. n. To choke; to be suffocated, S. 7b be worried, A. Bor. " Ye have fasted lang, and worried on a midge;" Ram­

say's S. Prov. p. 82. W O R R Y O U R I S , s.pl. WTarriors.

Thai walit out worryouris, with wapinnis to wald. Gawan and Gol. i. 1.

Although some may suppose that this designation, as apparently allied to the v. worry, is but too applicable to many who have been celebrated as warriors, we ought certainly to read werryouris, as in edit. 1508.

W O R S C H I P , W I R S C H I P , s. 1. A praiseworthy deed ; a valorous act.

Throw his gret worschip sa he wroucht, That to the Kingis pess he broucht The Forest off Selcryk all hale; And alsua did he Douglas Dale; And Jed worthis forest alsua. And quha sa weile on hand couth ta To tell his worschippis, ane and ane, He suld fynd off thaim mony ane.

Barbour, viii. 423, 429. MS. 2. Honour; renown.

It is no wirschep for ane nobill lord, For the fals tailis to put ane trew man doun; And gevand creddence to the first recoird. He will not heir his excusatioun.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 136. A.S. weorthscipe, honour, estimation.

W O R S E T , W O R S E T T , s. Corr. of E. worsted. This is still the vulgar pronunciation, S. See Sup. " On ilk ell of narrow cloth, serges, and other worset,

or hair stuffs imported, at or above forty shillings the ell 2s." Spalding's Troubles, II. 141.

W O R S I N G , fi. Injury. S. To W O R S L E , v. n. To wrestle.

" According to your desire, Sir, we shall worste with God in prayer that your end may be peace." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 1073.

W O R S L I N G , s. Wrestling. " I cannot expresse what a worsting I finde within mee."

Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 12. V. WARSELL. W O R S U M , s. Purulent matter. V. W T OURSUM. *?. To W O R T , W O R T - U P , v. a. To dig up. See Sup.

" Ane swyne that eitis corne, or worth othir mennes landis, salbe slane but ony redres to the awnar." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 12. Grunno subruentem, Boeth. " What more is the rest troubled of a dead bodie, when

the diuell caries it out of the graue to serue his tume for a space, nor when the witches takes vp and ioynts it, or

w o s w o u when as swyne wortes vp the graues ?" K. James's Dae-monologie, p. 124. " I wroote or wroute, as a swyne dothe;" Palsgraue. From A.S. wrot-an, versare rostro, " to roote, as the

swine doth, to digge or turne up;" Somner. Lancash. to wroote. Belg. vroet-en, wroet-en.

W O R T , v. impers. Become; corr. from Worth, q. v.*?. To W O R T , v. a. To waste any article, particularly of food; to be prodigal of it, so as to put it to disuse, *?.

W O R T S , S. pi. The refuse of straw, hay, or other fodder which cattle will not eat. E. Orts. S.

To W O R T H , W O U R T H , V. n. 1, To wax; to become; part. pa. wourthin.

And sum of thaim nedis but faill With pluch and harow for to get And othyr ser crafftis, thair mete. Swa that thair armyng sail worth auld; And sail be rottyn, stroyit, and sauld.

Barbour, xix. 175. M S . And he for wo weyle ner worthit to weide.

Wallaee, i. 437. M S . Of Troiane wemen the myndis worth agast.

Doug. Virgil, 149, 23. So clappis the breith in breistis with mony pant, Quhil in thare dry throttis the aynd wourth skant.

Ibid. 134, 17. This ilk Nisus, wourthin proude and gay. And baldare of his chance sa with him gone, Ane vthir takill assayit he anone. Ibid. 291, 20.

Moes.G. wairth-an, A.S. weorth-an, weord-an, Alem. uuart-en, Teut. word-en, fieri, esse, fore. 2. It worthis, v. imp. It becomes, Him worthit, it was necessary for him, &c.

Thir angrys may I ne mar drey, For thoucht me tharfor worthit dey, I mon soiourne, quhar euyr it be.

Barbour, iii. 322. M S . And gif he nykis you with nay, you worthis on neid For to assege yone castel. Gawan and Gol. ii. 2. In presoune heir me worthis to myscheyff.

V. W O R D I S . Wallace, ii. 199. M S .

W O R T H , * adj. Good; valuable, S.; without inclu­ding the idea of comparison as in E. *?.

N A E W O R T H . Worthless; not good; of no value; not trusty. *?•

WORTHELETH. The blissit Paip in the place prayd thame ilk ane To remane to the meit, at the midday ; And thay grantit that gud, but gruelling, to gane; Than to ane wortheleth wane went thay thair way : Passit to a palice of price plesand allane, Was erectit ryelly, ryke of array. Houlate, iii. 3.

Mr. Pink, reads this as one word, rendering it worthy. But in Bannatyne M S . it is worthe lith, i. e. worth, ho­nourable, and at the same time lithe, warm, comfortable; unless corr. from A.S. weorth-lic, honoraudus, insignis.

W O R T H Y H E D , s. The same as worschip ; Barbour. Belg. waardigheyd, worthiness.

W O S C H E , W O U S C H E , pret. v. Washed, S. woosh, pron. wusk, S.B. weesh, Rudd.

Of bis E dolpe the flowand blude and atir He wosche away all with the salt watir.

Doug. Virgil, 90, 46. Scho warmit wattir, and hir serwandis fast His body wousche, quhill filth was of hym past.

Wallace, ii. 266. M S . W O S L I E , W O Z L I E , adj. A term applied to a shrivelled,

small-featured, and hard-looking person. S. 693

W O S P , W O S P E , S. A measure, or certain quantity. *?. W O S T , pret. v. Wist, i. e. knew. *?. WO S T , s . Perhaps the same with Voust, Voist, a boast.*?. W O S T O W . Wotest thou, knowest thou.

Quhat wostow than ? Sum bird may cum and stryve In song with the, the maistry to purchace.

King's Quair, ii. 40. W O T , s. Intelligence, S. wat, E. wit.

" They that speirs meikle will get wot of part;" Fer­guson's S. Prov. p. 31.

W O T , pret. v. Waxed; perhaps corr. from Worth. S. W O T H E R - W E I G H T , *. The same as Witherwechl.S. WOTIS, s.pl. Votes. *?. W O T L I N K , S. A wench ; used in a bad sense.

I saw wotlinkis me besyd The yong men to thair howses gyde, Had better lagget in the stockis.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 100. Dr. Leyden views it as comp. of wod and linkis, q. mad

wenches. Gl. Compl. vo. Vod, p. 383. Sibb. thinks that it is perhaps a diminutive of vlonky, or wlonkis, q. gaily dressed girls. But the origin is quite obscure.

W O U B I T , s. A hairy worm. *?. W O U C H , W O U G H , S. 1, Evil; privity; in a general

sense. Sche crid merci anough, And seyd, " For Cristes rode,

What have Y don wough, Whi wille ye spille mi blode ?"

Sir Tristrem, p. 102. st. 159. 2. Injustice ; injury.

"—Vnjustice, and against the law, with wouch, wrang and vnlaw." Quon. Attach, c. 80. V. U N L A W . 3. Trouble ; fatigue ; used obliquely.

Tristrem with Hodain, A wilde best he slough ;

In on erthe house thai layn, Ther hadde thai joie y-nough,

Etenes, bi old dayn, Had wrought it with outen wough.

Sir Tristrem, p. 149. st. 17. i. e. " Giants, in ancient days, had erected it without

any difficulty." 4. W o , mischief; in a physical respect.

The wyis wroght uther grete wandreth and weuch, Wirkand woundis full wyde, with wapnis of were.

Gawan and Gol. iii. 5. Hearne expl. wouh as used by R. Brunne, " wo, grief,

affliction, harm." In p. 123, the only place I have marked, it occurs as a v.

Geffrey of Maundeuile to fele wroub he wouh, The deuelle yald him his while, with an arowe on him slouh.

i. c. " to great wrath he waxed." The writer seems to play on the designation of this Geffrey, in the second line.

A.S. wo, woh, wohg, weoh, perversitas, pravitas, error. But its primary signification is curvatura, flexio; being transferred from that which is literally crooked to what is morally so. Wo, woh, wohg, weo, are also used adjec-tively; pravus, perversus. They also signify, crooked, distorted; curvus, tortus. Wough, in the quotation, sense 1., may indeed be viewed as an adj. From woh, in its literal sense, are formed, woh-fotade,

having distorted feet, woh-handede, &c.; in its metaphori­cal, woh-dom, unjust judgment, woh-full, full of iniquity, &c. Woge gemeta, unjust measures.

Isl. vo simply signifies, a sudden or unexpected calamity; volk, misery.

7bWOUCH,».w. Tobark. W O U C H , S . The bark ofa dog.*?.

w o u w o w 7b W O U D , v. a. To void; to evacuate. *?• W O U D E , pret. Waded.

Out of the myre full smertlie at he woude; And on the wall he clame full haistely Was maid about, and all with stanis dry.

Dunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 84. Wod is the imperf. of A.S. wad-an, vadere, ire. See S.

WOUF, W O W F . s. The wolf, S. The wouf and tod with sighing spent the day, Their sickly stamacks scunner'd at the prey.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 498. " Ye have given the wowf the wedder to keep;" Ram­

say's S. Prov. p. 82. To W O U F , W O U F F , v. n. To bark, S. >?ee Sup.

Su.G. ulfw-a, ululare, to cry as a wolf, from ulf, a wolf. The common pron. of wolf, S. wooff, nearly approaches to that of the v. Belg. guyv-en, to howl as a dog.

7b W o w , v. n. To howl, Moray. —The wolf would hideous on the hill, Yowlin' frae glack to brae.

Jamieson's Popular Ball, i. 234. W O U K , pret. Watched.

The quhethir ilk nycht him selwyn wouk, And his rest apon dayis touk. Barbour, ii. 552, MS. Till ner mydnycht a wach on thaim he set; Him selff wouk weill quhill be the fyr sa ryss.

Wallace, vii. 476, M S. W O U K , W O U K E , s. A week, S.B. ook. See Sup.

Tristrem's schip was yare ; He asked his benisoun ;

The haven he gan out fare, It hight Carlioun:

Niyen woukes, and mare, He hobled up and doun

A winde to wil him bare, To a stede ther him was boun.

Sir Tristrem, p. 75. st, 4. —All the folk off thair ost war Refreschyt weill, ane wouk or mar.

Barbour, xiv. 132. MS. O.E. writers also used this term. Unto Kyngeston the first wouke of May Com S. Dunstan, opon a Sonenday.

R. Brunne, p. 37, Wormius observes that, even before the introduction of

Christianity, the Gothic nations divided time by weeks; using for distinction Runic letters, Fast. Dan. Lib. i. c. 15. V. Mareschall. Observ. De Vers. Gothic, p. 511.

A.S. wuca, wie, wica, id. Dan. uge, wge, anciently wika, wiku. Seren. views Moes.G. wik, ordo, as tbe origin of the terms denoting a week.

W O U L D , * pret. v. to Will. 1. Used by most of our old writers for should, like will for shall. 2. At times used for must. *?.

W O U N , adj. Woollen. *?. WOUND.

With that come girdand in greif ane wound grym Sire. With stout contenance and sture he stude thame beforne. Gawan and Gol. i. 7.

This seems the pret. of A.S. wand-ian, vereri, to dread, to be afraid ; used for forming a superlative. Wond, veritus est, Lye; q. frightfully grim. Hence, most pro­bably the provincial term, South of E., " woundy, very great;"

W O U N D E R , W O N D I R , adv. Wonderfully.

The mene sessoun this Anchises the prince, In til ane wounder grene vale ful of sence Saulis inclusit Doug. Virgil, 189, 6.

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A.S. wundor, miraculum, is often used adverbially, in the ablat. wundrum ; as wundrum faest, surprisingly firm; wundrum faeger, wonderfully fair.

W O U N D R I N G , s A monster; a prodigy. Before the portis and first jawis of hel Lamentacioun, and wraikful Thochtis fel Thare lugeing had, and therat duellis eik Witles Discord that woundring maist cruel, Womplit and buskit in ane bludy bend, With snakis hung at euery haris end.

Doug. Virgil, 173, 2. A.S. wundrung, admiration. Wundor itself signifies a

prodigy; ostentum. W O U R S U M , W O R S U M , s. Purulent matter, S. pron. wursum. See Sup.

Thir wretchit mennis flesche, that is his fude, And drinkis woursum, and thar lopperit blude.

Doug. Virgil, 89, 25. O quhat manere of torment cal ye thys ! Droppand in worsum and fylth, laythlie to se So miserabil embrasing, thus wise he Be lang proces of dede can thaym sla. Ibid. 229, 47.

Rudd. derives it from A. S. worms, wyrms, pus, tabes; wyrmsig, putridus, wyrms-an, putrescere. Perhaps rather from A.S. wyr, pus, (Fenn, weri, Sw, war, waras, id,) and sum as denoting quality.

WOUSPE, s. - V. WOSPE. *?. WOUSTOUR, s. A boaster. V. WOISTARE. W O U T , s. Countenance; aspect.

To the lordly on loft that lufly can lout, Before the riale renkis, richest on raw; Salust the bauld berne, with ane blith wout.

V. VULT. Gawan and Gol. iv. 22.

7b W O W , v. a. To woo or make love to. Robeyns Jok come to wow our Jynny On our feist-evin quhen we wer fow.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 158. That this is from A.S. wog-an, nubere, appears from

the use of wogere, procus, amasius, a wooer, a suitor; S. wowar. Seren. thinks that E. woo has primarily signified the lamentation of love-sick swains, as being nearly the same with Sw. voi-a sig ; queri, lamentari.

To W O W , v. n. To howl. V. under WOUF. W O W , interj. 1. Denoting admiration or surprise. 2. Expressive of grief. 3.Expressivealsoof gratification.*?.

Out on the wanderand spretis, wow, thou cryis, It semys ane man war manglit, theron list hike.

V. Vow. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 158, 27. 7b WOW, v. n. To wave ; to beckon. 8. W O W F , adj. In some degree deranged; half-mad. *?. W O W F I S H , adj. Approaching to derangement. *?.

W O W F N E S S , fi. The state of being wowf. S. W O W N , s. Wont; custom.

Nere in that land Than wes a yhowman by duelland, That wes cald Twyname Lowrysown; He wes thowles, and had in woivn By hys wyf oft-syis to ly Othir syndry women by. Wyntown, viii. 24. 166.

A.S. wuna, Su.G. wana. Isl. vande, id. The same verbs, which anciently signified to dwell, also denoted custom or habit. Thus Alem. uuon-en, manere, (whence Germ. wohn-en, habitare,) occurs with the prefix, ki-uuonent, so-lent, ki-uuonin, solito. Hence also uunonaheite, consuetudo, uuone, mos. The transition is very natural. For residence or habitation is merely permanency in a place. And what is custom or wont, but permanency in a thing ?

W R A W R A W O W N E , adj. W o n t ; accustomed.

— A gret ecleps wes of the sowne: Thare-for folk, that wes not wowne To se swilk a want, as thai saw thare Abaysyd of that sycht thai ware.

Wyntown, viii. 37, 72. 7b W O W T , v. a. To vault; to arch. *?. W R A , s. " Company ; society," Rudd.

Sathane, the clepe I Pluto infernalle, Prince in that dolorus den of wo and pane, Not God thereof, bot gretest wrech of all. To name the God, that war ane manifest lee,— Set thqu to Vulcane haue ful grete resembling; And art sum time the minister of thundring ; Or sum blynd Cyclopes, of the laithly wra, Thou art hot Jouis smyth in the fire blawing, And dirk furnace of perpetuall Ethna.

Doug. Virgil, Prol. 161, 18. From " Fr, fray, sperma piscium, [Isl. frae, semen,]

whence the E.fry: or from the A.S. wreath, grex," Rudd. Su.G. wrath signifies a herd of swine.

7b W R A B B E , v. n. Apparently to writhe, as synon. with wry. 8.

To W R A B I L , v. n. « To crawl about." Rudd., more properly, to moVe in a slow undulating manner, like a worm ; to wriggle ; S. warble, wurble ; as, to wurble in or out. It is sometimes used actively, as to warble, or wurble, one's self out, to get out of confinement of any kind by a continuation of twisting motions.

About hir palpis, but fere, as thare modyr, The twa twynnyis smal childer ying, Sportand ful tyte gan do wrabil and hing.

Doug. Virgil, 266, 1. Warple is used in the same sense, S.B. At greedy glade, or warpling on the green, She 'clipst them a', and gar'd them look like draff.

Ross's Helenore, p. 17. Teut. wurbel-en, Belg. wervel-en, gyros agere, in orbera

versare. Belg. wervel is used in composition, to denote the joints of the back-bone; as would seem, from their power of flexion. Perhaps these terms are allied to Su.G. hwerfl-a, to move in a circle, in gyrum agere ; whence hurirfwel, vertex, hwerfla, in orbem cito agere ; Ihre.

WRACHIS, Doug. Virg. V. WRAITH. WRACK, s. For its different senses, V. W R A K . WRACK, s. Dog's grass ; Triticum repens. *?. 7b W R A C K up, v. n. To clear up. E. Rack, v. 8. WRACK-BOX, s. The oval vesicle full of air growing on some species of sea-weed. 8.

WRAIGHLY, adv. The verray cause of his come I knew noght the cace, Bot wondir wraighly he wroght, and all as of were.

Gawan and Gol. i. 13. " Untowardly," Pink. But it may signify, wretchedly,

from A. S. wraecca, wretched; or rather strangely, from wraeclice, peregre, " on pilgrimage, in a strange country, farre from home;" Somner.

W R A I K , W R A K , S. 1. Revenge ; vengeance. O Turnus, Turnus, ful hard and heuy wraik And sorouful vengeance yit sal the ouertaik.

Doug. Virgil, 228, 44. 2. Anger; wrath.

For paciently the Goddis wraik, him thocht, Schew that by fate Enee was thiddir brocht.

Doug. Virgil, S69, 2], 3. Destruction ; wreck, E.

Fyfe torakys syndry has oure-tayne Of Goddis lykyng this Bretayne;

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Quhen Peychtys warrayd it stoutly, And wan of it a gret party; Syne the Romanys trybute gate Of Bretayne. Wyntown, i. 13. 27.

It is sometimes written wrack. " To make any publick dispute I thought it not safe,

being myself alone, and fearing, above all evils, to be the occasion of any division, which was our certain wrack." Baillie's Lett. i. 132. 4. As denoting one who threatens or brings vengeance or destruction.

This vengeabil wraik, in sic forme changit thus, Euin in the face and visage of Turnus Can fie, and flaf, and made him for to growe, Scho soundis so with mony hiss and how.

Doug. Virgil, 444, 19. This is spoken of one of the Furies,— Clepit to surname Dire, wikkit as fyre, That is to say, the Goddis wraik and ire.

Ibid. 443, 30. This seems to determine the origin of E. wretch, as pro­

perly denoting one who is the object of vengeance. A.S. wraec, wraece, wracu, Belg. wraecke, ultio, vindicta.

A.S. wraecc-an, Su.G. wraek-a, Moes.G. wrik-an, ulcisci.

WRAITH, WRAYTH, WRAITHE, WRETH, S. 1. Pro­perly, an apparition in the exact likeness of a person, supposed by the vulgar to be seen before, or soon after death, S. V. Gl. Sibb. A. Bor. id. also swarth.

This goddess than furth of ane hois cloude In liknes of Enee did schape and schroude Ane vode figure, but strenth or curage bald, The quhilk wounderus monstoure to behald With Troiane wappinnis and armour grathis sche,— Sic lik as, that thay say, in diuers placis The wrathis walkis of goistis that ar dede.

Doug. Virgil, 341, 42. Thiddir went this wrayth or schado of Enee.

Imago, Virg. Ibid. 342, 21. Nor yit nane vane wrethis nor gaistis quent Thy chare constrenit bakwart for to went.

Ibid. 339, 15. It seems to be the same word that is elsewhere written

wrachis, from the similarity of c and t in MSS, And were not his expert mait Sibylla Taucht him thay war bot vode gaistis all tha, But ony bodyis, as waunderand wrachys waist, He had apoun thame ruschit in grete haist.

Ibid. 173,27. Mr. Tooke expl. this, vapours, as synon. with rack, rak;

justly commending Rudd. for not altering the text. But how can the learned writer excuse himself for using this liberty with respect to wrethis, Doug. Virgil, 339, 15.; wrathis, 341, 42.; and wrayth, 342, 21., which he alters to wrechis, wrachis, and wraych ? V. Divers. Purley, II. 393. " Phi. And what meane these kindes of spirits, when

they appeare in the shadow of a person newly dead, or to die, to his friends ?" " Epi. When they appeare vpon that occasion, they

are called Wraithes in our language: Amongst the Gen­tiles the diuell vsed that much, to make them beleeue that it was some good spirit that appeared to them then, either to forewarne them of the death of their friend, or else to discouer unto them the will of the defunct, or what was the way of his slaughter; as it is written in the booke of the histories prodigious." K. James's Daemonologie, Works, p. 125. " The wraith, or spectral appearance, of a person shortly

to die, is a firm article in the creed of Scottish supersti­tion. Nor is it unknown in our sister kingdom. See the

W R A W R A story of the beautiful lady Diana Rich.—Aubrey's Miscel­lanies, p. 89." Minstrelsy, Border, I. Introd. CLXVI. This word is used in the same sense, A. Bor. Fetch,

synon.; only it seems restricted to " the apparition of a person living." Gl. Grose.

2. The term is sometimes used, but improperly, to denote a spirit supposed to preside over the waters.

The wraiths of angry Clyde complain. Lewis's Tales of Wonder, No. I.

Hence the designation, water-wraith, S. Scarce was he gane, I saw his ghost, It vanish'd like a shriek of sorrow;

Thrice did the water-wraith ascend, And gave a doleful groan thro' Yarrow.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 155. " I believe gin ye had seen me than (for it was just i'

the glomin) staakin about like a hallen shaker, you wou'd hae taen me for a water-wraith, or some gruous ghaist." Journal from London, p. 4. The wraith of a living person does not, as some have

supposed, indicate that he shall die soon. Although in all cases viewed as a premonition of the disembodied state; the season, in the natural day, at which the spectre makes its appearance, is understood as a certain presage of the time of the person's departure. If seen early in the morn­ing, it forebodes that he shall live long, and even arrive at old age; if in the evening, it indicates that his death is at hand. Rudd. says, "F. ab A.S. wraeth-an, infestare." Other

conjectures have been thrown out, that have no greater probability. I have sometimes thought that the term might be allied to Su.G. raa, genius loci, whence Sioeraa, a Nereid, a Nymph. In Dalekarlia, as Ihre informs us, vo. Raa,) spectres are to this day called raadend. But rather incline to deduce it from Moes.G. ward-jan, A.S.

weard-an, Alem. uuart-en, custodire; as the apparition, called a wraith, was supposed to be that of one's guardian angel. A.S. weard, Isl. vard, Alem. Germ, wart, all sig­nify a guardian, a keeper. N o w the use of swarth, S.B. shews that the letters have been transposed, in one or other of the terms; so that the original pronunciation may have been ward, or wart.

When the maid informed the disciples, that the apostle Peter was standing before the gate of the house in which they were assembled, they said, " It is his angel;" Acts, xii. 15. This exactly corresponds to the idea still enter­tained by the vulgar. If literally rendered, in our lan­guage, it would be, " It is his wraith," i. e. his guardian angel. For the notion, that every one had a tutelar angel, who sometimes appeared in his likeness, was not peculiar to the Jews, but received by the ancient Persians, by the Saracens, and by many other Gentile nations. V, Wolf. Cur. Philol. in loe.

WRAITH, *. The yunger scho wond upon land weil neir, Richt solitair benetb the buss and breir, Quhyle on the corns and vrraith of labouring men, As outlaws do, scho maid an easy fen.

Henrysone, Evergreen, i. 144. " Waste," Gl. Ramsay. But it seems rather to signify,

provision, food ; Su.G. ward, Isl. verd, id.; A.S. ge-weor-dung hus, refectorium, Gl. Aelfric; from Su.G. war-a, to eat.

W R A I T H , adj. Wroth. And in hir sleip wod wraith, in euery place Hyr semyt cruell Enee gan hir chace.

rXr ^ . , Dou8- Virgil, H6, 15. W R A I T H L Y , adv. Furiously.

Wallace was grewyt quben he sic tary saw. Sumpart amowet, wraithly till it he went,

696

Be forss off handis he raist out of the stent. Wallace, iv. 237. M S .

Thairwith wraithly thai wirk, thai wourthyin wedis. Gawan and Gol. ii. 20,

A.S. wrath, anger. W R A K , WRAIK, WRACK, W R E C K , W R E K , S. 1. What­

ever is thrown out by the sea, as broken pieces of wood, sea-weed, & c , S.

2. It is often appropriated to sea-weed, S. " The Polack—is frequently caught close by the shore,

almost among the wrackor ware." Barry's Orkney, p. 295. "Rackwick, near a place where sea wrack, or weed, is

thrown in with impetuosity." Ibid. p. 224. " The shores abound with plenty of fine broad-leaved

rich sea-weed or wreck for manure," P. Ballantrae, Ayrs. Statist. Ace. i. 113.

This receives different names in different parts of S. " Button wrack, and lady wrack, are best for kelp, and

the only kinds used, unless the price be very high. Ex­cept these two kinds, every other is very expensive in manufacturing, and produces but little kelp." P. Kilfi-nichen, Argyles. Statist. Ace. xiv. 181, 182.

O.E. reke, id. " Reke, wede of the sea brought uppe wyth the flowd;" Huloet. Eliot, id. vo. Ulua.

3. The weeds gathered from land, and generally piled up in heaps for being burnt, S. wreck, id. Norfolk; Grose. See Sup. " There are amongst them that will not suffer the wrack

to be taken off their land, because (say they) it keeps the corn warm." Pennecuik's Tweeddale, p. 6.

4. Trash ; refuse of any kind. Ane wreche sail haif na mair,

Bot ane schort scheit, at heid and feit, For all his wrek and wair.

For all the wrak a wreche can pak, And in his baggis imbrace,

Yet deid sail tak him be the bak, And gar him cry, Allace !

Blyth, Bannatyne Poems, p. 182. Lord Hailes confounds this word with Frack, ready,

q. v. But, in this poem, the wealth of a miser is repre­sented as mere trash, because he can carry nothing away with him, when he leaves this world; and is therefore characterized by two metaph. terms, both used to denote the refuse cast out by the sea, wrek and wair. Wrak is used in the same sense in another poem.

Quhill I had ony thing to spend, And stuffit weill with warldis wrak, Amang my freinds I wes weill kend.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 184. st. 2. Su.G. wrak not only signifies what in E. is properly

denominated wreck, but any thing that is of little value, mere trash; Dan. vrag, id. This, however, has not been the original form of the word, but rak, rek. Thus wag-rek, bona naufragii, is from wag, waag, a wave, and rek-a, to cast away, to drive, q. what is driven ashore by the waves. Su.G. rak is synon. with wagrek; Ihre, vo. Reha. Wagrech seems to be the origin of O.Fr. varech, whence Skene improperly deduces ware ; L.B. varect-um, warect-um, Jus vareci. Isl. hrak, res abjecta; Olav. Lex. Run.

W R A K E R , W R A C K E R , S. A person who was appointed to inspect the barrels made for packing fish. *?.

7b W R A M P , v.a. To sprain any part of the body, S. Cumb. Ive wrampit my kute, I have sprained m y ancle. That this word has, in the Goth, dialects, signified to

distort in general, appears from Belg. wremp-en, although used in a restricted sense, to distort the mouth.

W R A M P , S. 1. A twist or sprain, S.

W R A W R E It will be better than swine seam For any wramp or minyie. Watson's Coll. i. 60.

2. Used to denote violence in a metaph. sense. *?. W R A N G , s. 1. Wrong, S.

And gyff that ony man thaim by Had ony thing that wes worthy,— With rycht or wrong it have wald thai.

Barbour, i. 209. M S. 2. It denotes such an injury as implies civil injustice ; used as a forensic term. 3. One of the terms used S.B. to denote the supposed effects of witchcraft. 8.

W R A N G W I S , W R A N G W I S S , adj. 1. Wrong; not proper,

Wyss men said, Nay, it war bot derysioun, To croun him King bot woice of the parlyment, For thai wyst nocht gyff Scotland wald consent. Othir sum said, it was the wrangwis place.

Wallace, viii. 649. M S. 2. In reference to play, used to denote a bad or false move. *?.—3. Wrongful; unjust, Wyntown. *?<se*?. Wiss or wis is merely A.S. wise, manner, used as a term.

in many words in that language, forming the s. to which it is affixed into an adj., as riht-wise, whence E. right-eous. The Isl. term is viss; the Su.G. wis, as raet-wis, righteous, fraeg-wis, inquisitive.

W R A N G , adj. 1. Not proper; unjust. 2, Injurious, 3. Left. Wrang hand, left hand. 4. Not in the exercise of reason ; insane. 8.

To W R A N G , v.a. To injure ; to wrong.—-To W R A N G one's sell. To be guilty of falsehood or perjury. *?.

W R A N G O U S L Y , adv. Wrongfully; unjustly. *?. W R A N G I S , W R A Y N G I S , S. pi. " The ribs or floor timbers of a ship; Fr. varangues, id." Rudd.

The talloned burdis kest ane pikky low, Upblesis ouerloft, hetschis, wrangis, and how.

Doug. Virgil, 276, 33. Thare cabillis now, and thare hede towis reparis, And gan to forge newlie wrayngis and aris.

Ibid. 153, 7. 7b W R A P L E , v. a. To entangle; to warp, S.B.

For Nory's heart began to cool full fast, When she fand things had taken sic a cast, And sae throw ither wrapVd were, that she Began to dread atweesh them what might be.

Ross's Helenore, p. 86. There seems to be no reason to doubt that this is origi­

nally the same with Wrabil, q. v.; although the term is here used in a metaph. sense.

W R A P - R A S C A L , s. A kind of close great-coat. 8. W R A T , s. A wart or hard rough excrescence, chiefly on the fingers, S.; the Verruca of physicians, Belg, wratte. See Sup. " He who would rightly draw a mans portrature must

paint his blemishes as well as his beautie : In such a case his wrats & his wrinkles must be wroght with the pinsell, that his image may bee like unto himselfe." Z. Boyd's Last Battell, p. 1051.

W R A T T I E , adj. Abounding with warts. *?. W E A T T I N E S S , S. The state of being warty. S. W R A T A C K , fi. A dwarf, S.B.

There's wratacks, and cripples, and cranshaks, And all the wandoghts that I ken,

No sooner they speak to the wenches, But they are ta'en far enough ben.

Song, Ross's Helenore, p. 149. Tbjs would sepm to resemble Gael, bridach, or cruitecan;

both, according to Shaw, signifying a dwarf. V O L . II. 697

7b W R A T C H , W R E T C H , v. n. To become niggardly, S. V. RICH, V.

Belg. wrek, vrekkig, niggardly, covetous. 7b W R A T C H , v. a. To fatigue one's self; to over­strain by any kind of exertion. *?.

W R A T E , pret. v. Apparently, died. Nynteyn yhere held he his state, And in the twentyd yere he wrote.— Of his kynrik the twentyd yhere He deyd, and wes broucht on bere.

Wyntown, ix. 10. 44. Sa fyftene yere he held that state, And in the sextend yere he wrote. Ibid. 26. 18.

I have observed no kindred word, unless it should be Moes.G, wrat-on, to go, to make a journey, whence, most probably, Isl, rat-a, peregrinari; q. departed this life.

W R A T W E L , V R A T W E L L , *. A narrow slip of skin, that rises up on the finger, near the nail, which some­times inflames and becomes troublesome. *?.

W R A U L , s. A dwarfish creature. Syn. Wirl, &c. S. W R E , Barbour, ii. 434. Leg. vre as in MS. V. U R E . Chance.

W R E A D , W R E A T H , s. A place for enclosing cattle, Ang. A.S. wraeth, munimen, a fortification or enclosure.

Su.G. wret, a small field, an enclosure, rek, Isl. reit-r, id. Nepnareit-r, naporum septum, a small enclosure for rear­ing rapes or turnips. West Goth. Laws, biugg rek, agellus hordeo consitus ; Ihre, vo. Wret.

W R E A T , s. 1. Writing. 2. In pi. writings or writs. 8. W R E A T H , * s. 1. Wreath on a clue, many threads in

the same direction wound above each other. 2. Wreath of Snaw, Snaw Wreath, Snaw-wride. A snow­drift ; a heap of snow blown up by the wind. *?.

K A I M ' D W R E A T H . A wreath of which the top is turned, or as it were combed over, and the face of it straight. S.

W R E C K , s. The roots of weeds gathered from arable land, piled up to be carried off or burnt. V. W R A K . * ? .

W R E D E , fi. A wreath. V. W R I D E . 8. W R E E , s. An instrument for cleansing grain, by sepa­rating that which is shelled from what retains the husks, Loth.; pron. also REE, q. v.

To W R E E , V. a. To separate shelled from unshelled grain. As applied to pulse, to cleanse them from the sand, Loth. This is distinguished from riddling; as in the latter

operation, every thing is allowed to pass through the sieve except the straw. By the way, I may remark that, al­though Skinner naturally enough deduces A.S. hriddel, a sieve, from hredd-an, liberare, because grain is thus freed from the chaff, he does not seem to have observed that Teut. red-en signifies to sift, whence Germ, reyter-en, id.

To WREE, v. a. To writhe. V. W R Y . W R E G H , s. Wretch.

A wregh to were a nobill scarlet goun; A badlyng, furryng parsillit wele with sable;— It may wele ryme, bot it accordis nought.

Ballad, 1508, 8.P.R. iii. 125. A.S. wraecca, an exile; also, a wretch; Somner. To

this Isl. warg-r, exul, and Su.G. warg, latro, are evidently allied.

7b W R E I L , W R E L E , V. n. " To wriggle, turn about," Rudd.

Quha is attaychit vnto ane staik, we se May go no forther, but wreil about that tre : Rycht so am I to Virgyllis text ibound, I may not fie, les then my fault be found.

Doug. Virgil, 8, 27. 4 T

W R E W R I And first Sergest behynd sone left has he Wreland on skellyis, and vndeippis of the se.

Ibid. 134,51. Luctantem, struggling, is the word used by Virg. in the

latter passage. In the former, wriggle seems correspondent, as there is an evident allusion to the barbarous custom of tying a cock to a tree, and throwing at it.

Rudd. views it as probably corr. from wriggle. It seems nearly synon. with O.E. wrall, which Junius renders, curam atque solicitudinem alicui rei impendere. It occurs in a work ascribed to Chauc.

In winning all their witte they wrall. Ploughman's Tak, v. 349.

Junius derives it from Dan. wrolig, discrucior animo, disquietor; wrolig sinde, mens distracta.

7b W R E I S T , W R I S T , W R E S T , V. a. To sprain any part of the body, S. wramp, synon.

Hay as ane brydlit catt I brank I I haif wreistit my schank.— Quhilk of m y leggis, as ye trow, Was it that I hurt now ? Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 43.

" He, going through Aberdeen,—unhappily wrested his coot or leg." Spalding's Troubles, i. 287.

Like E, wrest, from A.S. wraest-an, intorquere. W R I E S T , S. 1. A writhe or twist; in reference to the

mode of tuning a musical instrument. Thair instrumentis all maist war fidillis lang, But with a string quhilk neuer a wriest yeid wrang.

Police of Honour, ii. 4. 2. A sprain, S.; icramp, synon.

First shear it small, and rind it sine, Into a kettle clean and fine, It will be good against the pine Of any wriest or strienyie. Watson's Coll. i. 60.

W R E K , fi. Refuse. V. W R A K . W R E T C H , W R E C H E , S. A niggard; a covetous per­

son, S. *?ee Sup. Be not ane wreche, for oucht that may befall: To that vnhappy vice and thow be thrall, Till al men thow salbe abhominabill: Kingis nor knichtis ar neuer conuenabill To reule pepil, be thay not liberal! : Was neuer yit na wretche to honour abill.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592, p. 258. To W R E T H one's self, v. a. To be wroth, or filled with

indignation. The King then wrethyt him encrely, And said,' Schyr Byschop, sekyrly ' Gyff thow wald kep thi fewte, ' Thow maid nane sic speking to me.'

Barbour, i. 425. MS. The Dowglas then his way has tane Rycht to the horss, as he him bad; Bot he that him in yhemsell had, Than warnyt him dispitously; Bot he that wreth him encrely, Fellit hym with a suerdys dynt.

Barbour, ii. 138. M S . A.S. wraeth-ian, indignare. It may however be, writhed

himself, from A.S. wreoth-inn, wreth-ian, intorquere, (Som­ner,) used metaph.

W R E T H L Y , adv. With indignation, wrathfully. He on his wayis wrethly went, but wene.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, p. 133. It is wiethly in p. 33; but wrethly in Passages not under­

stood.

W R E T T , s. Writing. W R E U C H (gutt.), s. Wretchedness.

698

S. 8.

To W R Y , W R E Y E , V. a. To turn ; to twist. Now the le scheyt, and now the luf thay slayk, Set in ane fang, and threw the ra abake Bayth to and fra, al dyd thare nokkys wry.

Doug. Virgil, 156, 17. Wrie is used by Chaucer in a similar sense. This Phebus gan away ward for to wrien; Him thought his woful herte brast atwo.

Manciples T. v. 17211. " To turn, to incline;" Tyrwhitt. A.S. wrig-an, tendere.

Aelc gesceaft wrigath with his gecyndes ; Ononis creatura tendit juxta ejus naturam; Boet. c. 25.

To wreye is used by James I. So tolter quhilum did sche it to wreye,

There was bot clymbe and rycht downward hye; And sum were eke that fallyng had sore.

Ring's Quair, v. 13. This is a description of the wheel of fortune. A.S,

to-writh-an, signifying detorquere; perhaps we may rather trace the term to writh-an, than to wrig-an.

To W R Y , v. a. To cover; to conceal. <?ee Sup. This seems to be the meaning in the following passage,

rather than, oppose, contradict, as expl. by Rudd, Quha sa vehement fyre

Draif from thare schippis thus wise birnand schire ? The dede is auld for to beleif or wry, Bot the memor remains perpetually.

Doug. Virgil, 276, 44. It is used by Chaucer in the literal sense. He is ay angry as is a pissemire, Though that he have all that he can desire, Though I him wrie a-night, and make him warm.

Sompnoures T. v. 7409. A.S. wre-on, wri-on, wrig-an, tegere, operire, celare, ab­

sconders W R I B L E , s. A quaver, the act of warbling; also

written werble. Throw the moist air dois snow quhyte swannis fie,— Wele sounding wriblis throw thare throttis lang.

Doug. Virgil, 233, 31. Alem. uuerb-en, vertere, Teut. wervel-en, to twirl, lite­

rally, to turn round. V. W K A B I L . W R I D E , s. A wreath, as of snow. *?. W R I D Y , adj. Forming wreaths. *?. W R I G , s. I. The youngest or feeblest bird in a nest, S. 2. A weak or puny child, or the youngest of the family, S.

A.Bor. reckling seems to be a derivat., q. wriggling. It signifies " an unhealthy child, pig, or lamb; (also,) the nestling, or smaller bird in a nest." Wrecklin is evidently the same; " the least animal in a brood or litter ;" Gl. Grose. The origin may be Isl. warg, an exile. V. W A L L I D R A G .

WRIGGLE, s. V. WINDSKEW. To W R I G G L E , * v. n. To wrestle; to struggle. «?. W R I G H T , s. 1. A joiner. 2. The general designation

for all who work in wood, S. Id. East Riding of Yorks. Wrightis welterand doune treis, wit ye but weir, Ordanit hurdys ful hie in holtis sa haire,

Gawan and Gol. ii. 13,. A.S. wryhta, wurhta, a workman, one by whom any

thing is framed. It is evidently from wyrc-an, to work. 7b W R I K , v. a. To wreck; to avenge, King Hart.

A.S. wric-an, id. W R I N G , s. Deformity; blemish. *?. W R I N G L E , s. A writhing motion, S.B. either allied

to E. wriggle, or to the following word. V. WRINKLIT.

WRINK, W R Y N K , s. 1. A turning or winding. Als fele wrinkis and turnys can sche mak,

W R 0 w u z As dois the swallo with hir plumes blak, Fleand and seirsand swiftlie thare and here.

Doug. Virgil, 426, 53. 2. A trick; a fraud; a subterfuge, as synon. with wyle.

Pardonaris gettis no cheretie, Withowt that we debait it, Amangis the wy vis with wrinkis and wylis; As all my mervellis men begylis Be our fair fals flattery. Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 68. Now ar noucht thre may traistly trow the ferde; Welth is away, and wit is worthin wrynkis.

Ballade, 1508, S.P.R. iii. 133. i, e. Wisdom has become mere guile. This is the same with O.E. wrenche. O graceles, ful blind is thy conceite, For nothing art thou ware of the disceite, Which that this fox yshapen hath to thee; His wily wrenches thou ne mayst not flee.

Chanones Yem. T. v. 16549. She knewe eche wrenche and every gise Of love, and every secret wile.—Rom. Rose, v. 4291.

Wrenke occurs in the same sense. The kyng com to London, with lawe to mote in benke, Men sauh on the kynge's side ther was no gile, no

wrenke. R. Brunne, p. 58. A.S. wrenc, wrence, fraus, dolus, stratagema. Isl. reinki,

fraudulently. The source is Teut. ranck-en, renck-en, to bend, to turn. Hence wrink primarily, as we have seen, denotes a winding. Teut. rancke, rencke, is used in both senses; flexus, flexio, fiexus viarum; also, fallacia, astutia; Germ, raenke. Hence,

W R I N K L I T . part. adj. Intricate, having many turnings. Sa, as thay say, vmquhile the hous in Crete, Hate Labyrinthus, with mony went and strete, Had wrinklit wallis, ane thousand slichtis wrocht, For to dissaue all vncouth therin brocht.

Doug. Virgil, 147, 20. This same labyrinth is elsewhere described as Full of wrinklit ouerturnabil dissait. Ibid. 163, 22.

W R I T E , fi. 1. Writing, as contrasted with verbal commu­nication; Writ, any thing written. 2. Used as expressing the size of the hand-writing. Sma write, small text; Grit, Big, or Muckle write, round text. *?.

W R I T E R , s. A n attorney, S. I've been at drunken writers' feasts. — Burns, i. 139.

W R I T H N E B , s. The designation of a sow. *?. W R O , W R O O , S. .A place in which cattle, &c, may rest and be sheltered, now commonly called cross-dykes. 8.

Nere Sandyforth ther is a wroo, And nere that wro is a well;

A ston there is the wel even fro.— True Thomas, Jamieson's Popular Ball. ii. 39.

" M S . Cott. broo, i. e. brow, brae, or rising ground." N. i bid.

I suspect that it rather signifies an enclosure, wrae, S.B. V.RAE.

W R O I K , s. Spite; revenge. Saturnus get Juno,

That can of wraith and malice neuer ho, Nor satisfyit of her auld furie nor wroik, Has send adoun vnto the Troiane nauy Iris Doug. Virgil, 148,3.

W R O K E N , part. pa. Revenged. It wyll my mind assuage, for to be wroken On hir quham by Troy birut is and doun brokin.

Doug. Virgil, 58, 35. From A.S. wraec-an, ulcisci.

699

W R O T O K , *. The name given to a sow. *?. W R O U G H T - B A N E , fi. A sprained joint. *?. W R O U L , s. An ill-grown person, or puny child, S. V. WARWOLF.

W R U N C H , s. A winch or windlace. *?. W T E W , prep. Without; for outwith. S. W U D , adj. Mad; furious. V. W O D . *?. W U D S C U D , s. A mad romping boy or girl. S. WUDDIEFU', s. V. WIDDIEFOW. 8. W U D D R U M , WOODRUM, S. L A state of sudden and unexpected confusion. 2. A wild fit; an obstinate extravagant humour. V. W I D D E N D R E M E . »?.

W U D L I N S , adv. With great eagerness. »?. W U D WISE, s. A yellow flower with a bitter taste. *?. W U F F , s. A person of a flighty fiery disposition. *?. W U G G L E , s. A bog or marsh, S.B. V. W A G G L E . W U I S H , pret. Washed. *?. W U L D , W U L L , adj. Wild. *?. WULLCAT, s. A wild cat. *?. 7b TUMBLE THE WULLCAT. To leap the somerset. *?. 7b TURN THE WULLCAT. T O grasp the bough of a tree with the hands, and turn the body between it and the bough. *?.

WU L L I E - W A G T A I L , s. The water-wagtail. *?. W U L L S H O C H , s. A timid courter. *?. W U L L S O M E , adj. Wild. V. under W I L L , adj. W U M M I L , s. An auger; corr. from E. Wimble. S. W U M M I L T O N , W U M M I L T O N ' S MUTCH. A name given to the four of clubs, in the game of Whist. *?.

W U N D - B A N D , s. An iron hoop put round any splin­tered or spliced work to strengthen it. *?.

W U N G A L L , s. A tumour on the foot, filled with a watery humour, occasioned by walking in tight shoes.*?.

W UNTLIN', s. The act of wriggling from passion. *?. To WUP, v.a. To bind with a thread or cord. V. OOP. *?. 7b W U R B L E , v. a. To tie a broken thread; a term used by weavers, »?,

To W U R B L E , v. n. To wriggle. V. W R A B I L . W U R D Y , adj. Worth; deserving. V. W E R D Y . To W U R D L E , v. n. To labour diligently without much prospect of success. *?.

W U R F , s. A puny, ill-conditioned child. *?. WURF-L I K E , adj. Having a stunted, puny appearance. *?. W U R G I L L , s. A narrow-minded, worldly person. *?. W U R L , s. A dwarfish person. Syn. W R O U L . »?. W U R L I E , adj. 1. Puny, or small in size; as, " a wurlie bodie." 2. Rough; knotted; as, a wurlie rung, a knotted stick. 3. Wrinkled, applied to a person, *?,

W U R L I N , s. A child or beast that is unthriven. *?. W U R L Y O N , s. The same as Wurlin. * *?. To W U R N , v. n. To be peevish and complaining. *?. 7b W U R P , v. n. To be fretful.— Wurpin, fretting. *?. W U R P , S. A fretful peevish person. *?. W U R P I T , part. adj. Fretful; peevish. Syn.Orp, v.q.v.*?. 7b W U R R , v. n. To snarl as a dog. Syn. Yirr. 8. W U R S U M , s. Purulent matter. V. W O U R S U M . *?, W U S S , s. Juice; moisture. *?. W U Z L I E , W O O Z L I E , WISLIE, WUZLIE-LIKE, adj. 1. "A

wuzlie body," a person with a meagre or shrivelled face. 2. Applied to one stunted in growth, or un­healthy in appearance. 8.

Y. Y

F consonant corresponds to A.S. G before a vowel. This has generally in S. been printed 3, from the re­semblance of the A.S. letter to the form of the Roman ,, although there is not the least affinity as to power. Sibb. has observed, that " the printers having no such character in their founts,—substituted 3 in many of the early printed books," whence, " in the sixteenth century, it came to be written in its short form, or without a tail, and at last, in more instances than one, to be pronounced as if it actually had been s or z."

But this, I apprehend, must not entirely be laid to the charge of our typographers, but perhaps primarily to the inaccuracy, if not, in some instances, to the igno­rance of the writers or copyists of MSS., who, in writing the A.S. g, did not properly distinguish it in form from the long z, or 5. V, Macpherson's Rules for reading Wyntown's Chronicle.

This being a gross corruption, which can serve no end but to mislead or perplex the reader, it is uniformly rejected in this Dictionary, even where the language quoted has been printed in this manner. There can be no objection to this change, that would not be equally valid against the correction of any other error in orthography. For antiquity can never sanction absurdity.

Sibb. has justly remarked, that in some of the most an­cient M S . copies of Wyntown's Chronicle, and Bar­bour's Bruce, the words year, yearn, young, &c. are written yhear, yhearn, yhing, &c. which ascertains the pronunciation beyond a doubt. This holds true, at least, in a variety of instances.

H e also observes, that the power of the A.S, g, in the instances referred to, " was uniformly gh." That it was so, is probable. But we have not sufficient evi­dence for asserting this without limitation. G, in the same connexion, is aspirated in Belg. V. Sewel's Nether-Dutch Academy, p. 3. This seems to be the reason why Kilian writes the prefix ghe, as ghe-waer, certus, ghe-weer, arma, &c. But in Germ., before e and i, it is pron. as y consonant. G also, the seventh letter of the Moes.G., being entirely different from the third, which is written precisely as the Gr. Gam­ma, seems to have been pronounced as y consonant. Thus Gr. loila, is written by Ulphilas gota, wvdawi, gu-daioi, zouSa? gudas, &c. The Northern writers, in rendering this letter, use/, which has the sound of y.

Rudd. observes that " it is very ordinary with old authors to prefix y or i to verbs, participles, and verbal nouns, for ornament or the verse's sake: which they have done in imitation of the Anglo-Saxons, who made the same use of their ge, afterwards changed into y or i."

But, as far as I have observed, scarcely any of our writers have adopted this mode, except the Bishop of Dunkeld : and it is certainly foreign to our dialect of the Goth.; in which there is hardly a vestige of

700

Y A D any prefix, similar to that of the A.S,, having been

used. There seems to be no necessity for particularizing these

words ; as, in most instances, the only thing that dis­tinguishes them from common E. is the use of this prefix. Doug, uses ybaik for bahen, ybe for be, yberied for buried, ybore for born, ybound for bound, ybrokin for broken, &c. Any that deserve particular attention, will be found under the letter I.

It may be added, that, in the south of S., y consonant is prefixed to a variety of words which are elsewhere pronounced without it; as yaik for ache, yaiker, an ear of corn, yield, age, for eild, yill for ale, yesk, hic­cup, for eesk, S.B. &c. &c. This must be attributed to the connexion of the southern counties with the Anglo-Saxons ; as y, in this form, is merely the ves­tige of A.S. ge prefix. It is not so easy to account for the similar use of this consonant, in some in­stances, in Banffs. and Buchan.

Y, in the Buchan dialect, is often prefixed to a word beginning with a vowel; as, Yaffu for awful, Yauvins for awns, the beards of corn, &c. It is also intro­duced between the initial consonant and a vowel; V. TYAUVE, V. &C. 8.

YA, YHA, adv. Yea, yes, Moray. He said, " Thir V ar fast cummand: " Thai ar weill ner now at our hand. " Sa is ther ony help at the ? " For we sail sone assaillyt be." ' Ya Schyr,' he said, ' all that I may.'

Barbour, vi. 613. M S . " Ya, wilt thou ?" said Wallace, " then tak thee that."

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. ii. 175. Moes.G. ja.jai, Su.G.ja, A.S. ia,ya,gea, Arm.ja,id.

YAA, adv. Yes, Shetl. V. YA, Y H A . *?. 7b Y A A G , v. a. To importune incessantly. *?. Y A A G E R , s. A travelling pedler, &c. V. YAGGER. *?. YAAL, interj. Expressive of defiance. V. YAIL. ,*?. To YABBLE, v.n. 1. To gabble, Fife. 2. To scold; to speak in an ill-natured style. 3. To be querulous. *?.

Y A B B O C K , s. A chattering talkative person. *?. YABLE, adj. Able ; old pronunciation of South of S. *?. To YACK, v. n. To talk precipitately and indistinctly. *?. Y A C K U Z , S. A person who yacks, or talks thick, *?. YACK, s. In a yack, in a state of perplexity. *?. Y A C K L E , s. A grinder; a double tooth. *?. YAD, s. A piece of bad coal, which becomes a white ashy lump in the fire, Fife; Gaist, synon.

Y A D , Y A D E , Y A U D , S. L A mare, South of S. 2. Pro­

perly, an old mare, S.; in Yorks. it signifies a horse ; E.jade, a worn-out-horse, A. Bor. yaud.

Suppois I war ane auld yaid aver, Schott furth our cleuchs to squishe the clevir, I wald at Youl be housit and staid.

Dunbar, Chron. S.P. i. 339. O n his grey yade as he did ride He prick'd her on wi' meikle pride.

Ritson's S. Songs, i. 197.

Y A I Y A I " If wads were yads, beggars wad ride;" Ramsay's S,

Prov, p. 42, i. e. wishes, or would bis. Kelly gives it otherwise; " If wishes were horses, beggars would ride;" p. 178.

Lye observes, on the E. word, that a horse of twelve years old or above is called jalk-ur, from jad Or jada, which denotes the failure of the teeth; Add, Jun. Etym. Himenjodijr, is rendered, equi solis, in the Voluspa; from himen, heaven, and jod, which, I apprehend, is the word that properly signifies offspring. Teut. gade denotes a mate, male or female, properly among birds. Sibb. views the word as formed from the v. to go ; yaid, or yede, sig­nifying gone, spent, or wasted." Chron. S.P. i. 340.

Y A D - S K Y V A K , S. Apparently, one who drives an old mare. This is one of the terms used by Dunbar in his Flyting.

Mutton dryver, girnal ryvar, yadskyvar, foul fell thee. Evergreen, ii. 60.

From Yad, q. v. and perhaps Su.G. skiufwa, to drive. YAD, Y A U D , *. A thread which has been let over one of the reel-spokes, in the act of reeling. *?.

To Y A D D L E , v. n. To contend. V. Y E D . *?. Y A D O C K HIDIS. Aberd. Reg. spelled corr. with Z. 8. ToXAEE,v. n. 1. To bark; properly denoting the noise made by a small dog; to yelp, S. See Sup. 2. To prate ; to talk pertly; used as expressive of con­tempt, S. 3. To reprehend in a sharp tone of voice. *?. It seems the same with O.E. yawlp, allied to A.S.

gealp-an, exclamare, gloriari; Isl. gialf-ra, incondita loqui. The latter term nearly expresses the idea in sense 2.

YAFFING, S. The act of barking. *?. Y A G G E R , s. 1. A travelling pedler; a hawker. 2. A clandestine purchaser of things unfairly disposed of. *?.

Y AGHIES (gutt.), s. The sound caused by the fall of a soft but heavy body. Nearly syn. with Soss. V.DUNT.*?.

7b YAIK, YAICK, V. n. To ache, S.A. Thay chaist away Justice and Equitie, For laik of quhilks my heid dois wark and yaik.

V. W A R K . Lament. L.Scotl. « Oyle is profitabil aganis gret labouris of the boddy,

& mittigatis the yaicking of the membris." Abp. Hamil­toun's Catechisme, Fol. 160, b. This is merely a provincial pron. of ache.

To Y A I K , v. n. T o quiver; to shake. I saw the ashtre and the aik, That Aeolus gart yield and yaik

By his maist bitter blast. BureVs Pilgr. Watson's Coll. ii. 16.

As it is written zaik, it may perhaps be z proper, and thus be meant merely for shake.

Y A I K E , s. A stroke or blow. S. YAIL, Y A L E , S. interj. Expressive of astonishment

mingled with contempt, at arrogance in any person. *?. Y A I R , Y A I R E , Y A R E , S. 1. A n enclosure, commonly

ofa semi-circular form, built of stones, or constructed of stakes and wattled work, stretching into a tide­way, for the purpose of detaining the fish when the tide ebbs, S. . " A H they quha hes cruves or yares, stanks, or mylnis

in waters, quhere the sea flowes and ebbes, or quhere salmon, troutes, or the frye of anie fisch of the sea, or of fresch waters ascends and descends; that ilk hecke of the cruves sail be at the least twa inche wide." . 1 Stat. Rob. I.e. 11, s. 1.

Qui habent croas, vel piscarias, sen stagna, &c. Lat. " There are a good number of salmon caught on the

sea coast, sometimes by nets and cobles, called a stell fish­ing, but chiefly by means of yaires, or small inclosures,

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built in a curve or semicircular form near the shore. At high water the salmon comes within these yaires, and at low water is easily taken, having no way to escape." P. Killearn, Ross. Statist. Ace. i. 282. " The — Yair Fishings, so productive in this parish,

seem to be almost peculiar to it. A yare is built of stones gathered from the tide water mark, about four feet in height, and of considerable length, and stretches out into the river in the form of a crescent, or of three sides of a square; but to give it a probability of succeeding, it must proceed from a point of land, so as to inclose a bay." P. Cardross, Dunbartons. Statist, Ace. xvii. 217.

2. It is also used to denote a sort of scaffolding, which juts out into a river or frith in a straight line, S. " Upon the point of these inches, they erect what are

called yares, a sort of scaffold projecting into the water, upon which they build little huts to protect them from the weather; from these scaffolds they let down at certain times of the tide, their nets, and are often very successful in taking the smaller fish, such as herrings, garvies or sprats, sparlings or smelts, small whitings, haddocks, sea trouts and eels." P, Alloa, Clackman. Statist. Ace. xviii. 597.

There seems scarcely any reason to doubt that yare, yair, is radically one with E. wear, " a dam in a river, fitted for taking fish," Baillie; also, expl. " a net of twigs to catch fish," Johns. This is from A.S. waer, wer, piscina, septum, piscatorium, piscium capiendorum et custodien-dorum locus ; " a place or engine for catching and keeping of fish ;" Somner. Isl. fiskaver, fishever, id. (piscina, G. Andr.) Franc, uuiere, Belg. wijer. Junius derives the Franc, word from Lat. vivar-ium.

Somner, with more propriety, refers to A.S. be-wer-ian, cohibere, to restrain. Hence, he says, nostratium warren pro vivario;—Gallis, (G. pro W . amantibus) garenne. To these we may add L.B. gueren, vivarium piscium, as well as warenna, id. D u Cange.

W e might conclude, from analogy, that yair and wear are from the same fountain; as various Goth, words, be­ginning with g, gu, and y, are to be viewed as belonging to one stock. Thus E. garden, S. garth, and yard, are not radically different from S. ward, L.B. wara, signifying an enclosure, a piece of ground fenced by a wall, hedge, ditch, or palisade. But we have no occasion for analogical reasoning; as

gaerd has been anciently used in the same sense with wer. For as the A. Saxons called a wear wer, fisc-wer, the Swedes gave it the name of fisk-gaerd. In Legibus Patriis, dicitur decipula, confecta ex contis in orbem positis, ad decipiendos pisces, qui immissi exitum non inveniunt; Ihre. vo. Gaerd, sepimentum.

To this term our yare seems immediately allied, the g being softened into y. It is to be observed that fishgarth, although not mentioned by Johns., is a term used in the O.E. laws, as would appear, precisely in the same sense with wear and our yare. Skinner refers to the 23d Henry VIII. c. 18. It is also used, S.B. " Tenants who live on the banks of a burn sometimes

build a fish-garth or dam, with an opening to receive a kind of osier basket, or what they call an hose-net for catching fish." P. Peterculter, Aberd. Statist. Ace. xvi. 389.

It confirms the idea, that wear, garth, and yare, are all from the same root, that the Sw. term for a warren, is kanin-gaerd, our cuningaire, in which the g is still retained, i. e. an enclosure for rabbits. Warren, indeed, in its primitive sense, denoted an enclosure for fishes and fowls, as well as for smaller quadrupeds.

It may be supposed, that we?; and garth or yare, are derived from terms radically different, because we find not only Moes.G. wardjan, A.S. weard-ian, custodire, be-wer-ian, defendere, and Su.G. waer-ia, id.; but Moes.G. gards,

Y A L in aurtigards, hortus, as well as A.S. geard, Su.G. gaerd,

Isl. gard-r, sepimentum. But the Moes.G. and A.S. nouns are, I imagine, to be traced to the verbs ward-jan and weard-ian. Su.G. waerd-a, custodire, tueri, is undoubtedly from the same source with gaerd-a, sepire. The latter merely expresses a particular mode of keeping or protect­ing; i. e. by means of a fence. The difference of form only illustrates, what is well known as a characteristic of the Goth, dialects, that g and u are often interchanged; and shews that this has been the case in a very early period. Perhaps we may view the Ital. and Fr. mode of pron. as uniting the different forms of the Goth, dialects, in the combination of g with u. V. C R U V E .

Y A I R - N E T , Y A R E - N E T , S. A long net extending into the bed of a river inclined upwards, and fixed by poles, S.B. " Interrogated for the heritors, Whether the feith-nets,

and conceit-net, and yare-net, are stent-nets ? depones, That they are not; and that no net[s] can be counted stent-nets, unless such as cross the water." State, Leslie of Powis, &c. 1805, p. 78.

The contrary, however, is asserted on the other side. " The conceit, and yare nets extend at least three fourths

across the channel of the river, and are fixed, stented, and immoveable nets, which proprietors of the fishing are ex­pressly discharged, by tbe foresaid decision, from using." Ibid. p. 356.

" That the yare-net is about thirty-six fathoms in length, and about two and one-half fathoms in depth; and the conceit-net is thirty fathoms in length, and two and one-half fathoms in depth ; and the poles that fix each end of the yare-net may be about two fathoms and one-half in length." Ibid. p. 109.

Y A K E E , s. A double tooth, whether in man or beast, Orkney. This is undoubtedly allied to Isl. iaxl, a grinder, dens

molaris, G. Andr. p. 131; and to ialk-r, which denotes feeble manducation, munching, Ibid. p. 129.

To Y A L D , v. a. T o yield ; pret. yald. So tyl hys hart stoundis the pryk of deith; H e weltis ouer, and yaldis vp the breith.

Doug. Virgil, 339, 40. The gaist he yald with habundance of blude.

Ibid. 56, 50. Isl. gialld-a, retribuere, luere.

Y A L D , Y A U L D , adj. 1. Sprightly; alert; active; vigo­rous ; strong, S.A. Loth. A yauld ganger, a powerful walker. 2. Sharp ; as respecting the temperature of the air. g, I can see no reason why Sibb. should conjecture, that

this may be from A.S. ield, barren. Isl. gilld-r expresses the same idea; Viribus et virtute

praestans; gilld-a, valere. Y A L D , adj. Niggardly; parsimonious. g. Y A L L A C R A C K , s . Intemperate altercation; excessive

noise of voices. g% Y A L L O C H , s. A shout; a shrill cry ; the act of yelling,

S. also yaUoch. Vpstert Rutulianis samyn complenyn» Wyth ane yalloch and carefull womentyng, Quhil all the hyllis rummesit thaym about, And for on brede thik woddis gaif ane schout.

Doug. Virgil, 447, 4, Su.G. gal-a, to cry, to vociferate} gell-a, to resound;

Belg. gill-en, to squeak, Sewel. YALT\E,adv. Slowly.—YALTIE,interj. Take leisure. *?. Y A L T O C O , interj. A common expression of surprise,

or of defiance, among the vulgar. V . Y E L L Y . Y E A L T O U . 702

Y A P

7b YAMER, YAMMER, YAWMER, V. n. 1. To shriek j to yell; to cry aloud.

The birsit baris and beris in thare styis Raring all wod furth quhrynis and wyld cryis, And grete figuris of wolfis eik in fore, Youland and yammerand grislie for to here.

Doug. Virgil, 204, 54. Yamer, also yomerand, occurs, Sir Gawan and Sir GaL

i. 7, rendered " muttering," in Gl. But from the connexion it evidently conveys a stronger idea.

There come a Lede of the Lawe, in londe is not to layne,

And glides to Schir Gawayne, the gates to gayne; Yauland, and yomerand, with many loude yelles, Hit yaules, hit yamers, with waymyng wete.

2, It is now generally used, as signifying, to fret; to whine ; to whimper, S. See Sup. It is surprising that Rudd. should say of a word, which

has so many cognates ; Vox, ut videtur, a sono confecta. Sibb. properly mentions Germ, jammer-en, plangere; jam­mer, luctus, planctus; A.S. geomr-ian, [geomer-ian, to groan, to grumble] and perhaps Lat. gem-ere.

It may be observed that yomerand most nearly resembles the A.S. v. while yamer has greater affinity to the Germ.

To the terms already mentioned, we may add A.S. geomer, plaintive; Su.G. jaemmer, a groan, Isl.ymr, whence ymr-a, to groan heavily. Perhaps the root is retained in Isl, ym-ia, to emit a querulous voice, to groan, whence ymr.

YAMER, YAWMER, YAMERING. S. 1. A cry ; a yell. The air was dirkit with the fowlis, That come with yawmeris, and with yowlis.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 22, st. 16, " The yamering was sa huge, that few apperit othir to

revenge the injuris of ennymes, or yit to defend thair realme." Bellend. Cron. B. x. c. 13. Luctus, Boeth.

Y A M O U R , S. Whining. g

Y A M M I L S , s. pi. Twins. *?. 7b Y A M P H , Y A M F , V. n. « To bark, or make a noise like little dogs ;" Gl. Rams. S. *?ee gup.

And sic a reird ran thro' the rout, Gart a' the hale town tykes

Yamph loud that day, Ramsay's Poems, i. 278.

Isl. gamb-r, gannitus, barking, yelping; gamb-ra, gannire. This is perhaps radically allied to the terms mentioned, vo. YAMER, V.

Y A N , YAN'T, adj. Small; puny. ,?. Y A N , S. " Sic yans," such small creatures. *?. Y A N K , S. A sudden and severe blow. To tak one a yank, to give one such a blow. Syn. Lounder. 8.

Y A N K E R , S. I. A smart stroke. 2. A great falsehood. *?. YANKER.s. 1. An agile girl. 2. An incessant talker. *?, YANKIE, s. A sharp, clever, forward woman. 8. Y A N K I N G , part. adj. Active; pushing. Throwgdin. *?„ YAPE, Y A P , Y A U P , YAIP, adj. 1. Having a keen appe­tite for food, S.

Right yap she yoked to the ready feast, And lay and eat a full half hour at least.

Ross's Helenore, p. 26. 2. Eager; having an earnest desire for any thing ; very ready, S.

I was, within thir sextie yeiris and sevin, Ane freik on fold, als forss, and als fre, Als glaid, als gay, als ying, als yaip as yie.

Henrysone, Bannatyne Poems, pp. 131, 132, The bissy knapis and verlotis of his stabil About thaym stude, ful yape and seruiabil.

Doug. Virgil, 409, 20.

Y A R Y A W 3. Forward; " a yap gilpy," a forward girl. g.

Isl. gypa, vorax, from gap-a, hiare. V. GAUP. To Y A P E , V. n. To be hungry.

" Your head's nae sooner up, than your stamocks yapin," Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 87.

YAPISH, YAUPISH, adj. Disposed to be keen; hungry. *?,

YAPLY, adv. Keenly, with a sharp appetite, S. Unto their supper now they yaply fa',

Ross's Helenore, p. 75. Y A R D , YAIRD, S. A garden ; properly of pot-herbs ; also called a kail-yard, S.

Vnto ane plesand grund cumin ar thay,— The lusty orchartis and the halesum yardh Of happy saulis and wele fortunate.

Doug. Virgil, 187, 18. " And trow nocht that he tholit na paine in his saule,

for he said himself quhen he was in the yaird afore he was takin: Tristis est anima mea usque ad mortem." Abp. Hamiltoun's Catechisme, 1552, Fol. 102, b.

YARDIE, S. A small garden. *?.

KAIL-YAIRDIE, S. A small kitchen-garden. *?.

A. S.geard, Su.G. gaerd, Belg. gaarde, sepes, area clausa, septum. Gards has evidently the same signification in Moes.G. aurtigards, a garden. I need scarcely say, that the E. term has the same origin, although it has borrowed its form from Ital. giardino, flisp. gardin, Fr. jardin.

YARE, Y H A R , Y O R E , adj. Ready; alert; in a state of

preparation, S.B. Chaucer, id. Quhen this wes said thai saw cummand Thar fayis ridand, ner at the hand, Arayit rycht awisely, Willfull to do chewalry. On athir syd thus war thai yhar, And till assemble all redy war. Barbour, ii. 346. MS, Bot than Sibyll the prophetes full yore Within the caife, as half enragit wicht, Couth not contene of Phebus the grete mycht,

Doug. Virgil, 165, 18. It occurs in O.E. Whan Uter with his folk was yare, Thei went to schip ouer the se to fare.

R. Brunne, App. to Pref, cxcii. " Yare, covetous, desirous, eager. Also, nimble, ready,

fit, ticklish. North." Gl. Grose. Nimble, sprightly, smart, (Suffolk;) Rudd. It is evidently the same with GARE, q. v.

YARE, interj. Get ready quickly. Yare, Yare ! S. YARE, s. A wear, for catching fish. V. YAIR. To YARK, v.a. To beat. V. Y E R K .

YARK, S. A smart blow. V, Y E R K . *?.

Y A R N A N D M O D E . An old name in our schools of Scotland for the Optative mood. *?.

YARNE, Y E R N E , adv. Eagerly; diligently. And thai stabbyt, stekyt, and slew, And pailyownys doun yarne thai drew.

Barbour, xix. 566. MS. The blak swarme ouer the feildis walkis yerne, Tursand throw the gers thair pray to hiddillis derne.

Doug. Virgil, 113, 52. A.S. georne, georn, studious, diligent, careful, earnest.

The latter is merely this word in the superlative form, geornest, geornost, most diligent; Su.G. gerna, anciently giaernt, Isl. girnt, Alem. gerno, libenter; solicite, vehe-menter. Yerne is also used by Chaucer as an adv. V. YHARN.

YARNETS, S. pi. An instrument for winding yarns, S. To YARP, V. n. To whine ; to carp; to complain. *?. Y A R P H A, s. 1. Peat full of fibres and roots. 2. Peat

703

combined with clay or sand; a denomination of soil, Orkn. gee Sup. " This substance, combined with clay or with sand,

forms a soil here as common as any other, and universally known by the name of Yarpha, or bog soil, whose charac­teristic is a black colour connected with the power of re­taining moisture, which has been supposed to account for the dampness prevalent in the country." Barry's Orkney, p. 10. Isl. jarp-ur signifies black, dark-coloured. But the

radical term in yarpha seems to be iard, Su.G. jord, earth; perhaps originally the same with iardfall, eruptio terrae, Su.G. iordfall, sinking of the earth; or contr. from iord-torfva, turf, sod. Isl. joerve, exarata gleba, arv-um.

YARR, s. Corn spurry, Spergula arvensis, Linn, a weed found in poor land, S. *?ee Sup.

YARRING, adj. " Snarling; captious; troublesome ;" Gl. Shirr. V. YIRR.

To Y A R R O W , v. a. To earn ; to gain by industry, S.B. allied perhaps to A.S. gearw-ian, to prepare, Su.G. garfw-a, gor-a, id.

Y A R T A . A familiar address; Yea, arlthou ! V. YELLY. 7b YAT, v. a. To pour in large quantity. V. YET, V. *?.. To Y A T T E R , v. n. 1. To fret; to continue talking in a querulous manner, or as finding fault with others. 2. To chatter. *?.

Y A T T E R , S. 1. Chattering noise; confused talk. 2. An incessant talker. »?.

Y A TTER, s. A confused mass of stones, or weeds,&c.»?. Y ATTLE, s. Strength ; sometimes, force of mind. *?. YAT T L E , s. A double tooth or grinder. *?. YAT T L E , s. A quantity of small stones on the land. *?. Y A T T L E , adj. Covered with small stones; stony. *?. YAV E , s. Awe, Banff's. YAVIL, Y A V A L , adj. Prone, or lying flat, and appa­rently in a state of insensibility. *?. " For, thinks I, an' the horse tak a brattle now, they

may come to lay up my mittens, an' ding me yavil an' as styth as gin I had been elf-shot." Journal from London, p.4. "Ding me yavil, lay me flat;" Gl. Perhaps merely

AFALD, q. v. used literally, with y prefixed; as opposed to lying twafald. V., however, AUALE, AWAIL, and AWALT.

YAVIL, s. The second crop after lea. V. A W A T . *?. YAUCHTIN, part. pr. Owing, *?. Y A U D , s. An old mare. V. YAD. *?. Y A U D . Far yaud, " the signal made by a shepherd to his dog, when he is to drive away some sheep at a distance. From yoden, to go, Ang. Sax." A cry of encouragement or direction from a shepherd to his dog.

" Hey I Batty, lad I far yaud! far yaud" These were the morning sounds heard he,

And " ever alack !" auld Durie cried, " The deil is hounding his tykes on me."

See Sup. Minstrelsy, Border, iii. 116. To YAUL, v. n. To yell. V. YAMER, V. and YALLOCH. YAUL-CUTED, adj. Having ancles formed for quick motion. V. YALD. *?.

YAULD, adj. Alert; sprightly. V. YALD. YAUP, YAWP, adj. Hungry. V. YAP. *?. 7b YAUP, v. n. 1. To yelp, S. 2. It also denotes the incessant crying of birds ; Gl. Sibb. Border; yeppy, Westmorel. 3. To whine; often applied to the quer­ulous cry of a child. *?• This is the same with O.E. yawlp. V. Junii Etym.

Teut. galp-en, gannire instar vulpis. Y A W P , S. The cry of a sickly bird, or of one in distress.»?.

Y E D Y E I YAUPING, part. adj. Ill-natured ; peevish; yelping. 8. YAUPIT, s. The Blue Titmouse, Parus coeruleus. *?. YAUPRIE, s. The refuse of grain blown away by means of the fanners. *?.

YAUR, s. Red Yaur. A species of fucus used by child­ren to paint their faces. Newhaven. *?.

YAUVINS, s.pl. The beards of corn. S. awns. 8. YAUX, s. An axe. *?. 7b Y A W , YAUw,v.n. To whine. To cry asacat; to mew. Y A W F U ' adj. Northern pronunciation of E. Awful. 8. YAWL, adj. V. YALD, YAULD. *?. Y A W S , s. pi. Apparently the disorder called Syphilis,

cured in tbe same manner as the itch, Orkney, Shet­land, Galloway; also denominated the Sivvens, q. v.

Y A X E , s. An axe, Buchan. Y E , Y I E , term. (corr. printed zie.)

It has been supposed, that this had its rise among our ancestors, by the pronunciation of e mute, in words of Fr. origin, as is commonly done by the Dutch at present. In this manner chenyie is deduced from Fr. chaine, sainyie, from saine. Gl. Compl. vo. Chenyeis.

But there is no evidence that the Scots ever pronounced e mute. The form of many of our terminations seem to have proceeded from an imitation of the liquid sound used by the French, in consequence of g preceding n in the original word ; or, where this was not the case, in conse­quence of the S. noun following the form of the verb which retained the sound of the Fr. infinitive or parti­ciple ; as en-chainer, en-chaine. Failyie is merely Fr. faillir or failli; tailyie, a slice, taillir or tailli.

In some instances, the term ye or yie has originated from the softening of vo, or ve, the last syllable of some Lat. words. Thus assoilzie is from absolve, the beginning of a prayer for the dead, in the Romish Litany.

Y E A B L E S , adv. Perhaps, Loth. Border, yeablesea, Northumb. Ray. V. A B L E .

Y E A L D , adj. Barren. V. Y E L D . YEALINGS. V. YEILDINS.

7b YEALIE, v.n. Gradually to disappear. V. ELY. *?. YEAR-AULD, YEAR-OLD, S. L A colt one year old.

2. A young bullock or heifer. g. To Y E A R N , v. n. To coagulate. V. E A R N . g To Y E A R N , V. a. To cause to coagulate. *?. YEARNIN, YIRNIN, fi. Rennet. V. EARNING. g.

YEARNIN'-BAG, S. A bag containing the stomach of a calf, used for making milk curdle. Syn. Keeslop. g.

YEAROCK, S. A hen a year old, or that has just begun to lay eggs. V. EIRACK. g.

To Y E ATTLE, v. n. To snarl; to grumble. *? To YECK, v.n. To hickup. g T°r Y ? D

T ' ,*" n' " T o c o n t e n a > wrangle," Gl. Rams!

Loth. Isl. odd-a, excerto; G. Andr. p. 189. Y E D , S. Strife; contention, Loth.

I eithly scan the man well-bred, And soger that, where honour led,

Has ventur'd bald; W h a now to youngsters leaves the yed,

To tend his fauld. Ramsay's Poems, ii. 347.

7b YED, v.n. To fib; to magnify in narration. *? YED, *. A fib; a falsehood. Syn. Whid. g' YEDDLIE, adj. Thick; muddy; applied to water,' Loth synon. drumly. It must be originally the same with E. addle. V. ADILL.

YEDE, YEID. Y H E D , Y H U D E , Y O W D E , pret. v. Went.

Yede is still used in Ang. although almost obsolete ; gaid being the common pron. S. Yeed, S.B.

Then with a will till him thai yede; And ane him by the bridill hynt.

Barbour, iii. 112. M S . B y multitud and nowmer apoun vs set All yede to wraik. Doug. Virgil, 53, 12. The foght sa felly thai fang, with ane fresch fair, Quhill Gaudifoir, and Galiot, baith to grund yhude.

Gawan and Gol. ii. 21. H e menyt thaim quhen he thaim saw ; And said, eftre a litill thraw, That he suld weng thair blowde, Bot othyr wayis the gamyn yowde.

Barbour, vii. 36. M S . Geed occurs in O.E. Right unto the gate With the targe they geed.

R. de Brunne, Ellis, Spec. i. 121. Norm. Sax. gede, geden, A.S. geode, geoden, jeden, ibat,

ibant; Moes.G. idd-ja, Isl. od, ibat. Y E E L , s. Northern pronunciation of Yule. S. YEERY, adj. Afraid of goblins. V. E R Y . JS. Y E I L , s. (Printed zeil.)

" Thus grew he ilk day more terribill and odious to his pepill; and gouernit the realme with na betteryeilthan he gat it." Bellend. Cron. B. vi. c. 5, Regnum male partum deterius administrabat; Boeth.

This word is similar in signification to E. fruit, effect, return, &c. allied perhaps to the E. v. yield, and seems the same with the following word.

Y E I L D , s. 1. Recompense, or rather compensation. The Psalmes sayis David war and wyse, Blist mot thay be that keips law and justice : Thairfoir I wald that ye sould not presume, Na to have count, upon the day of Dome, For mans body thair to give aneyeild, Quhome to ye sould be sickar speir, and sheild, Of all the realme, quhom of ye beir the croun, Of lawit and leirit; riche, pure; up and doun.

Priests of Peblis, S.P.R. i. 29. 2. A subsidy. gt

Skene expl. yelde, " a gift or donation;" Verb. Sign, in vo. " Yeild," he elsewhere says, " is called ane gift, tri­bute, or taxation, as in the auld actes of Parliament maid be King James the First, it is written that ane yeilde was gaddered for the reliefe of him out of England. And ane vther yeilde was collected for resisting the rebelles in the North;" vo. Herreyelda.

It does not properly signify a gift: being evidently from A.S. geld, gild, a tax, tribute, custom; also, payment, com­pensation; from geld-an, gild-an, to pay, to discharge a debt. Su.G. geld, what is expended, whether under the name ofa fine or tribute; geld-a, to pay. Hence, Germ, Belg. geld, money, geld-boete, a fine; Germ, geldstrafe, id. V. YEIL.

YEILD, YIELD, S. Age; as denoting any particular stage of human life. Eild, S. *?.

YEILDINS, YEALINGS, s.pl. Persons who are coeval, or who were born about the same time, S. V. EILDINS.

YEILL, s. « Age," Rudd. Deme as ye list, that can not demyng weil, And gentill courtes redaris of gud yeill, I you beseik to geuin aduertence.

V. EI L D , S. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 66, 38. It may be questioned, however, whether yeill is not

used in the samesense with yeil given above ; q. " Readers who hav*e some return for their trouble."

Y E L Y E L YEIR, Y E R E , *. A year; often misprinted Zeir, Zere. 8. Y E I R D and S T A N E . The mode of giving delivery of a

feudal subject or land, is by putting earth and stone on that property, into the hands of the heir, or pur­chaser, or into those of his agent. V. Y E R D . *?.

To Y E I S K , Y E S K , Y I S K , V. n. T o hickup, S.; also to belch, S.B. eesk.

Furth of his thrott, ane wounderous thing to tell, Ane laithlie smok heyeiskis black as hell.

Doug. Virgil, 250, 3. H e straucht, fordrunkin, ligging in his dreme, Bokkis furth and yeiskis of youster mony streme.

Ibid. 89, 43. Sche puft and yiskit with sic riftis, That verry dirt come furth with driftis.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 87. And yesk, and maunt Right swash, I true. Ramsay's Poems, i. 218.

It occurs in O.E, " lyeske, I gyue a noyse out of m y stomache. Je engloure." Palsgraue.

A.S. geocsa, geocsung, singultus; Dan. Teut. hicke, Su.G. hicka, id. Teut. hick-en, hicks-en, Germ, gax-en, gix-en, singultire, O.E. to yex; C.B. ig-ian, id. ig, the hickup.

YEISK, Y E S K , S. A single affection of hickup, S. as, He gae a great yesk, S.B: eesk, id.

YELD, YEALD, YIELD, YELL, EILD, adj. 1. Barren, S. yell, eill, Border. A. Bor. yell.

Enee hymself ane yow was blak of fiece Brytnit with bis swerd in sacrifice ful hie Vnto the moder of the furies thre, And hir grete sister, and to Proserpyne Ane yeld kow all to trinschit.

Sterilem vaccam, Virg. Doug. Virgil, 171, 52, Many yeald yew thou hast cast over a know, Syne hid 'em in a how, stark thief, when thou staw

them, Montgomerie, Watson's Coll. iii. 4. " A yell sow was never good to grices;" S. Prov.

Spoken to those, who, having no children of their own, deal harshly by other people's." Kelly, p. 1.

An' dawtit, twal-pint Hawkie's gaen As yell's the Bill. Burns, iii. 73.

2. A cow, although with calf, is said to gang yeld, when her milk dries up, S.B. Thus, a yeld cow is distinguished from a jerry or farrow cow, which is one that continues to give milk for a longer time, as not being pregnant. In the same manner, a yeld nurse signifies a dry nurse. This is an improper sense. See *?. " The yell cattle vary in numbers according to the sea­

son of the year—cattle not giving milk ; N." P.Tung-land, Galloway, Statist. Ace. ix. 317. 3. Applied to cattle or sheep that are too young to bear, Dumfr.

4. Applied metaph. to broth. " Any thing is better than the yell kail, S. Prov. An apo­

logy for having little, or bad, flesh meat. Yell is properly what gives no milk ; here it signifies, boil'd without meat, or having no butter." Kelly, p. 42. 5. In a single state ; without a mate ; applied to birds, &c. 6. Used to denote sterility of soil. 7. Applied to hard rocks, which will not quarry without gun­powder. 8. Bleak; cold; applied to the weather which threatens a bad crop. *?. Both Rudd. and Sibb. derive it from A.S. eald, old.

But there is no affinity. The origin is Isl. gelid, gall, in-faecundus, effaetus ; gelid aer, pecus sterile, non praebeus, aer signifying a ewe; gelld-ast, to give no milk.lactem co-

V O L . II, 705

hibere; G. Andr. In like manner, gattvid signifies wood, or a tree that bears no fruit; and gallnoet, E. gallnut, q. a nut that has no kernel: argalli, Specul. Regal., anni in-foecunditas, annona declinans, q. a yeld year. Dan. ga Id, Su.G. gall, id. gallko, vacca sterilis, precisely our yeld.cow. Ihre views Isl. galle, vitium, defootus, as the origin; whence gallad-ur, vitiosus. H e has a suspicion, he says, that the Isl. word properly denotes that kind of defect which is caused by magical arts, and that it may thus be derived from galld-r, incantatio. This conjecture, indeed, may seem to have considerable connexion with our term, in one sense; as almost all the Northern nations have formed the notion, that milk is peculiarly under the in­fluence of witchcraft, as well as cattle in general.

Germ, gall also signifies barren. But Wachter assigns to it a different origin ; Sterilis, quia castrato similis.

YELDE, s. A subsidy. V. YEILD, *?. YELDER-EE'D, adj. Having an evil or unlucky eye. *?. YELDRICK, YELLOW YELDRICK. V. YELDRING. *?. YELDRING, YELDRIN, S. A yellow-hammer, S. Em-

beriza citrinella, Linn.; tautologically yellow-yeldrin, also yellow-yite. Yold-ring, A. Bor. Youlring, Sibb. Scot. " Citrinella, tbe Yellow Youlring." P. 18. An ingenious friend has supplied me with the following

account of the vulgar prejudice against this bird. " The superstition of the country has rendered it a very

common belief among the illiterate'and children, that this bird some how or other receives a drop of the Devil's blood every May morning. Children hang by the neck all the yellow-hammers they can lay bold of. They often take the bare gorbals, or unfledged young, of this bird, and suspend them by a thread tied round the neck, to one end ofa cross-beam, which has a small noose hung from the other: they then suddenly strike down the stone-end,and drive the poor bird into the air. This operation they call Spangie-hewit." Hewit seems derived from A.S. heuet, heuod, the head. Spang is to fly off with elasticity; q. to make the head spring or fly off.

In other parts of S. this devoted bird's communication with the Devil is believed to be far more frequent. For it is said to receive three drops of his blood every morning.

The first part of the w ord is evidently from A.S. geole, Su.G. gul, yellow. The term, rin, properly, as would seem, ring, may respect the yellow ?ing which at least partly adorns the neck of this bird. A.S. geole wearte, luscious, (for luscina) Gl. Aelfr.

To Y E L L , v. n. To roll, a term applied to a ship. Yawl, id. is used as a sea-term, E. — " By her tumbling and yelling the mast shook so

loose, that Mr. Robert, the old man being dammisht and mightless, had much ado to fasten the same." Mr. Ja. Melvill's M S . Mera. p. 179.

Y E L L , interj. Yea will ? V. Y A I L . *?. Y E L L , adj. Barren. V. Y E L D . *?. YELL, s. An echo. *?. Y E L L Y H O O I N G , s. Yelling. *?. YELLY, Y E A L T O U , used as an interj. expressive of sur­prise, S.B. " Yelly, yea will you, [rather, ye;] yealtou, yea wilt thou ?" Gl. Shirr.

Ye bia' ray whistle ! It wad fell ye— I lat you halt a while ! Na, yelly, I wad be laith. Shirrefs' Poems, p. xix.

1 have some hesitation, however, whether yellie be not from A.S. eala, euge !

To Y E L L O C H , v. n. To scream ; to shriek, S.B. Fife. " Yellochin, screaming;" Gl. Shirr. See Sup.

YELLOCH, YELLOUGH, S. A yell, S. 4 U

Y E M Y E R He read the Order, Act, and Bond, Tho much difficnltie he found; His judgement being somewhat jumbled, His brains with shouts and yelloughs tumbled.

Cleland's Poems, p. 17. E. yell seems radically allied to Isl. gal-a, altiori voce

canere. Y E L L O W C H I N , S. Yelling, S.

Then there's sic yellowchin and din, Wi' wives and wee-anes gablin,

That ane might trow they were a-kin To a' the tongues of Babylon.

Fergusson's Poems, ii. 28. Y E L L O W F I N , s. A species of trout so denominated from the colour of its fins. V. FINNACK. 8.

Y E L L O W G O W A N . The name given in S. to diffe­rent species of the Ranunculus. V. G O W A N .

Y E L L O W S , YELLOWSES, S. The jaundice in sheep.*?, Y E L L O W T U N G . Fucus nodosus. *?. Y ELLOW-YORL1N, s. The Yellow-hammer. *?. YEMAN,adj. Yeman man, common man; E.yeoman.S. To Y E ME, Y H E M E , Y Y M , V. a. To keep; to take care of.

And quhen he dede wis, as ye her, Thai fand in till his coffer A lettyr that him send a lady, That he luffyt per drouery, That said, quhen he had yemyt a yer In wer, as a gucl bachiller, The awenturis castell off Douglas, That to kepe sa peralus was ; Than mycht he weile ask a lady Hyr amowris and hyr drouery.

Barbour, viii. 493. MS. For how grislie and how grete I you sane, Lurkis Polyphemus yymmand his beistis rouch.

Doug. Virgil, 90, 3. The fair lo that lang was wo-begone, Argus her yimmit, that ene had mony one.

Police of Honour, i. 69. Geme, s. is used by Chaucer, Gamelyn, v. 1633. Take, yonge meine, geme.

A.S. gem-an, gym-an, to take care of, to keep, to observe, to attend; Isl. geym-a, Su.G. goem-a, ane. gym-a, animmn attendere, custodire; Ihre. Franc, gom-a, Alem. goum-a, koum-a, Teut. goom-en, id. These verbs are nearly allied to Moes.G. gaum-ja, videre. For seeing and preserving, have been evidently viewed as cognate ideas. V. W E R , V.

The various Northern verbs, which are synon. of yerne, have been traced to Isl. gaa, attendere, prospicere; also, as a s. cura attenta. V. Ihre, vo. Goem, and Gl. Gunn-laug, S.

Y E M A R , Y H E M A R , S. A keeper; one who has any ob­

ject in charge. This designation is given to a groom. And gyff hys yhemar oucbt grucbys, Luk that thow tak hym magre his.

Barbour, ii. 124. M S . Y E M S E L L , Y H E M S E L L . S . 1. The act of keeping; custody.

And Waltre Stewart of Scotland, That than wes young and awenand, And syne in laucht wes to the King, Haid sa gret will and sic yarning Ner hand the marchis for to be, That Berwik to yemsell tuk he.

Barbour, xvii. 222. M S . Bot he that him in yhemsell had Than warnyt hym dispitously. Ibid. ii. 136. MS.

" Yemsel, of ane castell, the custodie and keeping of ane castell.—For yerne, in our auld language, is to obserue and keepe, as quhen in time of singular battell, they quha

standes by, and behaldes, ar commanded to keepe, & yerne the time of the derenyie, the weapons fra the hands of the appealer and defendour." Verb, Sign, in vo. 2, It is used nearly in the same sense with mod. ward­ship, guardianship, tutorage.

And syne the thrid bataill thai gaff Till Waltre Stewart for to leid; And to Douglas douchty of deid. Thai war cosyngis in ner degre, Tharfor till him betaucht wes he. For he wes young, bot nocht for thi I trow he sail sa manlily Do his dewoir, and wirk sa weill, That hym sail nede ne mar yemseill.

Yeinseill, Ed. Pink. Barbour, xi. 329. M S . Skinner ludicrously derives this s. from the A.S. and

Teut. particle ge and mese, a table. But it retains the very form of Isl. geimsla, Su.G. goemsel, custodia. As Su.G. goema obliquely signifies, to hide, goemsel also de­notes a lurking place.

Y E P I E , s. A blow, as with a sword. V. E P I E . • *?. Y E R D , Y E R T H , S. Earth ; soil. V. E R D . Also, To Y E R D , to bury. V. E R D , V.

Spalding uses the term in sense 3. " They found yerded in the yard of Drum, a trunk filled

with silver work," &c. Troubles, ii. 184. Yerthe sometimes occurs in O.E. " I take one out of the yerthe that was buryed;" Pals­

graue. C A U L D Y I R D . The cauld Yird, the grave. *?. Y E R D - F A S T , adj. Firmly fastened in the ground, S. See *?.

N o w thy groans in dowy dens The yerd-fast stanes do thirle.

Poems in the Buchan Dialect, p. 6. Some magical influence is, by the grossly superstitious,

ascribed to a stone of this description. Her feet fixt 'gainst a yird-fast stane, Her back leant to a tree,

An' glowrin up, she made her mane ; ' O, new Moon ! I hail thee.'

V. M O N E . Rev. J. NicoVs Poems, i. 32. A.S. earde-faest is used in a general sense, as signifying,

" placed, planted, settled, founded, grounded ;" Somner. Hence, eardefaest beon; in loco habitationis suae perdu-rare; Oros. 5. 4. ap. Lye. Isl. iardfastr stein, saxum in terra immotum.

Y I R D - F A S T , S. A stone well fastened in the ground.*?. Y E R D - H U N G E R , S. 1. The keen desire of food, some­

times manifested by persons before death, viewed as a presage that the Yerd, or grave, is calling for them as its prey. 2. Voraciousness; used in a general sense.*?.

Y E R D - H U N G R Y , adj. Voraciously hungry. *?. Y E R D - M E A L , S. " Earth mould; church-yard dust,"

Aberd. Gl. Shirr. Y E R D - S I L U E R , S. Perhaps, Lair-siluer, grave money. *?. Y E R E , adv. Certainly. To yere, too surely, or truly.

Or quhat bettir may I beleue, than he has said ? — Quhidder gif he for reuth furth yet anis ane tere ? Or of his luf had piete ? Na not to yere.

Doug. Virgil, 112,42. Rudd. overlooks this term, which is from A.S. geare,

gere, certo. Geare is also used as an adj. He wiston geare ; They were sure; Luk. xx. 6.

Y E R E S T R E N E , s. " The night before last," Gl. Sibb. This seems a corr. of Here-yestreen, q. v. also Here-yesterday.

To Y E R K , v.a. " T o bind tightly, as with a small cord;" Gl. Sibb. See Sup.

Y E T Y E V He derives it from A.S. gerd-an, cingere. If not from

gearc-ian, parare; abbrev. perhaps from ge-recc-an, corri-gere, regere; whence ge-reccelic, strictus, firmus.

To Y E R K , v. n. 1. To be in a state of fermentation, a term applied to beer, Ang. Perhaps a frequentative from Germ, gaer-a, Su.G.goer-a,

effervescere. Drickat goeres ; cerevisia, addito fermento, effervescit. It may, however, be merely a peculiar use of the E. v. because of the quickness of motion. 2. " To do any thing with agility," Gl. Shirr. S.B. This differs from the E. v. only as being used in a neut. sense.

3. To be engaged in any work that requires much ex­ertion ; to be laboriously and earnestly engaged. *?.

4. T o be busy, or keenly engaged, applied to the mind. " I will say nothing, but I will yerk at the thinking."

S. Prov. Kelly, p. 182. Su.G, yrk-a, however, has a sense somewhat analogous;

postulare, insistere; Seren. vo.Jerk. To Y E R K , Y A R K , V. a. To beat; to strike smartly, S. jerk, E., yark, A. Bor. See Sup.

But ere the sport be done, I trow Their skins are gayly yarkit

Aud peel'd thir days. Fergusson's Poems, ii. 74.

A.S. gerecc-an, to correct, to punish; Isl. hreck-ia, to beat, pulsare ;jarke, pes feriens.

YERK, S. A smart blow; a jerk, S., yark. See Sup. To YERK, V. n. Figuratively applied to the rays of the sun, when they beat powerfully on any object. S.

YERKER, S. A sudden and very severe blow, S. YERKIN, s. The seam by which the hind part of the upper leather of a shoe is joined to the forepart. «?.

YERN-BLITER, s. The name given to the snipe, S.B. sometimes pron. yem-bluter. It appears to be the common snipe, or Scolopax Gallinago of Linn. " The niest morning they had me up afore the sky, an'

I believe afore the levrick or yern-bliter began to sing, an' hurl'd me awa to Portsmouth," Journal from London, p. 9. V. EARN-BLITER.

To YESK, v. n. To hickup, S. V. YEISK.

YESK, S. The hickup. _ &

ToYESTER,v.a. To discompose. 7neveryester'dhim; I never gave him any disturbance, Ang. This is perhaps the same with Gaster, Essex, to startle,

scare, or affright suddenly; or with Gaster'd, as used by Beaumont and Fletcher. " If the fellow be out of his wits, then will I never have

any more wit whilst I live; either the sight of the lady has gaster'd him, or else he's drunk." V. Divers. Purley, p. 461.

Mr. Tooke mentions Gaster in connexion with Agast. It may be allied to Su.G. yster, ferox, or A.S. ge-styr-

an, turbare. Seren. derives agast from A.S. gast, spectrum, q. terrified in consequence of seeing a spectre. Junius gives the same etymon.

Y E S T R E E N , Y I S T R E N E , S. Yesternight, S.

Lat vs go birn : for in my sleip yistrene The figur of Cassandra prophetes Gaif me birnand fyre brandis.

Doug. Virgil, 149, 9. But originally it signifies yesterday. V. HERE-YESTER-

. DAY.

YET, Y E T T , Y H A T E , S. A gate, S. A. Bor. yete.

At ather yet bene ruschit in sic ane sort Sa mony thousandis came neuer from Myce nor Arge.

Doug. Virgil, 50, 14. The Sothroun socht quhar Wallace was in drede ;

707

Thai wyst nocht weylle at quhat yett he in yeide. Wallace, i. 246. M S .

Come I are, come I late, 1 fand Annot at the yhate. Wyntown, viii. 33.144.

Yet chekis, door-posts. This cruell dochter of the auld Saturne The meikil hirst can welter and ouerturne, And Strang yet chekis of werefare and battell.

Doug. Virgil, 229, 55. A.S. geat, O.Belg. gat, id. Su.G. gaatt, postis januae ;

Isl. gat-r, gaett-er, ostium, janua, Verel. gaatt, giaett, ante latus, latera ostii, G. Andr. p. 84. The origin is probably gat, foramen, from gat-a, perforare ; as door has been de­rived from Germ, thor, thur, foramen. It may, however, be from Su.G. gaa, to go, q. a passage ; as door has also been traced to Moes.G. thairh, A.S. thruh, per, through, because it is that by which we pass from one place to an­other. V. Doer, Ihre.

Y E T T - C H E E K , S. The side or post of the gate. S. Y E T H O U S E , S. A gate-house. *?•

To Y E T , Y E T T , Y Y T , v.a. 1. To pour, S. yet, yett,

poured. See Sup. On bois helmes and scheildis the werely schot Maid rap for rap, reboundand with ilk stot. Scharp aud awfull incressis the bargane, Als violent as euer the yett down rane Furth of the west dois smyte apoun the wald.

Doug. Virgil, 301, 54. On yet, poured on. Ouer al the schip discendis the perrellus low : Thare was na strenth of vailyeant men to wale, Nor large fludis on yet that mycht auale.

Ibid. 150, 44. Belg. giet-en, A.S. geot-an, Isl. Su.G. giut-a, Moes.G.

giut-an, Germ. Alem. giezz-en, Germ, giess-en, fundere; Su.G. utgiut-a, effundere. Hence Jute, to tipple, jute, weak and bad liquor, S. q. v. Ewte, Exmore, to pour in, is from the same origin. 2. To cast metals. Yyt, molten, cast.

Sum goukis quhil the glas pyg grow al of gold yyt. Doug. Virgil, Prol. 238, b. 51.

Y E T L A N D , Y E T T L I N , adj. Of or belonging to cast

iron, S. *?ee Sup. " The ploughs in general are of Small's construction.

They have a cast yetland mould-board, which is curved." P. Ormistoun, E. Loth. Statist. Ace. iv. 167.

Y E T L I N , S. 1. Iron not made malleable. 2. A boiler.*?. A. Bor. yetling, a small iron boiler, is evidently from

the same origin. The term is also used as a s., pron. yett­lin, S. Su.G. giut-a is commonly used in this sense. Giuta en klocka, to cast a bell; giuta stycken, to cast guns. Teut, ghiet-en, id. Metael ghieten, conflare, fundere; ghieter van metael, fusor, conflator; Kilian. Germ, giess-en, id. Belg. een klok gieten, to cast a bell.

To Y E T H E R , v. a. l.To bind firmly. 2.To beat or lash severely ; properly, to leave the mark of the stroke.*?.

Y E T H E R , S. L A severe blow. *?. 2. " The mark left by tight binding, as with a small cord," Gl. Sibb., Border ; probably allied to A. Bor. yeather, "a flex­ible twig, used for binding hedges;" Grose,

Y E T H E R I N G , S. Striking. &

To Y E T T , v. a. To fasten in the firmest manner; to rivet, Loth. Ruve, synon. Perhaps allied to Isl. gat-a, perforare.

7bYEUK, v. n. To itch. V. YOUK. *S. YEUNS, s.pl. The refuse of grain, &c. V.YAUPRIE.*?. YEVERY, adj. Greedy ; voracious.

« Gif thay war skalit, vtheris (quhilkis war mair yevery

Y H U Y I N and tume) suld licht in thair rowmes, and souk out the residew of hir blude, quhilk war vnproffitabil." Bellend. Cron. B. xii. c. 7. Alias (muscas) recentes ac famelicas, Boeth.

A.S. gifer, gifra, gif re, avidus, vorax, rapax, gulosus. Waelgifre fugel, a fowl fond of carrion ; gifer, a glutton. Perhaps Su.G. giri, girig, and Teut. ghierigh, avidus, are allied.

Y E V R I S O M E , adj. Having a craving appetite. *?. To Y H A R N , v. a. Eagerly to desire.

The kynryk yharn I nocht to have. Bot gyff it fall off rycht to me. Barbour, i. 158. M S .

A.S. georn-ian, gyrn-an, desiderare, concupiscere; Moes.G. gairn-an, Su.G. girn-as, Isl. girn-ast, cupere. V. YARNE.

Y H A R N E , Y H E R N E , adj. Eager; keen.

Agayne hym ras a cumpany In-to the towne of Fethyrkerne : To fecht wyth hym thai ware sa yherne.

Wyntown, vi. 10. 152. Y H E M A R , s. A keeper. V. Y E M A R ,

Y H E M S E L , s. Custody, V. YEMSEL.

YHIS, adv. Yes. " Yhis," said a woman, " Schyr, perfay, " Off Strang men I kan yow say."— " Yhis,'[ said scho, " Schyr, I will blythly " Ga with yow and your cumpany."

Barbour, iv. 470, 484. MS. Some view this as contr. from yea is. But A.S. gese,

gise, gyse, are used in the sense of immo, etiam. YHUDE, pret. Went. V. YEDE. YHULE, s. Christmas. V. YULE. Y H U M A N , YUMAN, YOMAN, YEOMAN, S. 1. A person

of inferior station ; as, a husbandman or farmer. " Item, all quha are inferiour in parentage, are husband­

men, (or yeomen?) And the Cro of ane husbandman, is saxtene kye." Reg. Maj. B. iv. c. 36. §. 4. Rustici, Lat. This has been deduced from Fris. gaeman, comp. of gae,

Belg. gaw, gouwe, a country, a village, and man, q. the inhabitant of a village. But perhaps it is rather from Teut. ghe-meyn, A.S. geman, communis, vulgaris. _ As Junius renders gaeman, incola ejusdem pagi, Sibb.

views it as "corresponding with Scot. Portioner, the owner of a small piece of laml" Yeoman, in E., indeed bears this sense; as denoting " a man of a small estate in land." But I have met with no evidence that it was ever thus used in S. When Skene gives it as synon. with husbandman, we cannot suppose that he understood the latter as denoting a landed proprietor. 2. It seems sometimes to signify.a farmer's servant.

In the contre thar wonnyt ane That husband wes, and with his fe Offtsyss hay to the peile led he.— And him selff, that wes dour and stout, Suld by the wayne gang ydilly ; And ane yuman, wycht and hardy, Befor suld dryve the wayne; and ber Ane hachat, that war scharp to scher, Wndre his belt _ Barbour, x. 172. M S .

The term, however, may be here used according to the signification following, 3. It also denotes a peasant or inhabitant of the country employed as a foot-soldier. Yhumanry, the peasantry armed on foot.

And of all Irland assemblit he Bath burges and chewalry ; And hobilleris and yhumanry.— And Schyr Richard of Clar in hy, Quhen Schyr Eduuard wes passyt by,

708

Send lycht yomen, that weill couth schout To bykkyr the rerward apon fute.— Bot Scbyr Colyne Cambell, that ner Was by quhar thai twa yhumen wer, Schowtand amang thaim hardily, Prykyt on thaim in full gret hy.

\Barbour, xvi. 80, 101, 120. MS, Than sail the mast off his menye, That ar bot symple yumanry, Be dystroyit comonaly, To wyn thair mete with thair trawailj.

Ibid. xix. 171. M S . Dystroyit, I apprehend, is an error of the copyist, for

destreinyit. In Edit. 1620, the word is slrenyied. 4. As used by Blind Harry, it denotes soldiers on horseback.

Wallace sum part befor the court furth raid, With him twa men that douchtye war in deid.— Wallace raid furth, with him twa yemen past.— Wallace slew iii, by that his yemen wicht The tothir twa derfly to dede thai dycht.

Wallace, iv. 23, 79, 93. M S . Y H U M A N R Y , S. V. preceding word.

Y I C K I E - Y A W K I E , s. A wooden tool used by shoe­makers to polish the edges andbottoms of shoe-soles.*?.

YIE, term, (printed Zie.) V. Y E . YIELD, adj. V. Y E L D . *?.

YIELD O F T H E D A Y , the influence of the sun ; also, the height of the day. When the ice melts, although there be no proper thaw, it is said to be owing to the yield of the day, Ang. This may be from E. yield, as denoting that the frost

gives way. But it may be traced to A.S. eld, S. eild, age, q. the advancement of the day, analogous to the use of the term height. Isl. eliding, age, is used somewhat in a simi­lar sense. Naetur eliding, senium noctis, diluculum; the age of the night, the dawn of day. So in Lat. senium lunae denotes the last quarter of the moon.

YIFF-YAFF, s. A puny person who talks a great deal, and to little purpose. V. N I F F - N A F F . S.

YILL, s. Ale, S. This is the vulgar pron. in the West and South of S. " Yill-wife, or browster-wife, a wo­man who brewed and sold ale ;" Gl. Sibb.

Syne as ye brew, m y maiden fair, Keep mind that ye maun drink the yill.

V. Cow, v. Burns, iv. 820. A.S. eale, id. V. Y U L E . Hence,

7b Y I L L , V. a. To entertain with ale, a term commonly used by the vulgar S.O. to denote one special mode in which a lover entertains his Dulcinea at a fair or market.

Y I L L - B O A T , S. A n ale-barrel. V. B O A T . *?.

Y I L L - C A P , s. Awooden vessel from which ale is drunk.*?. Y I L L - C U P , s. A cup of wood or horn for holding ale.*?. Y I L L - H O U S E , S. A n alehouse. *?.

YIM, s. A particle ; an atom ; the smallest portion of any thing, Ang. It is sometimes pron. as if nyim; but this is most probably from ane being used as the article between two vowels, q. ane yim. See Sup. Su.G. em, im, ime, vapour; Isl. hioom, a very small spark,

the most minute object, dust, vapour; G. Andr. Y I M M E T , S. A piece; a lunch ; several yims of food. *?. 7b Y Y M , v. a. To keep. YIMMIT, kept. V. Y E M E .

YIN, pron. I. Used for Ane, one. 2. This, or that. *?. YING, Y Y N G , adj. Young. O.E. id.

Bot war I now, as vmquhile it has bene, Ying as yone wantoun woistare so Strang thay wene,

Y O K Y O U Ye had I now sic youtheid, traistis me, But ony price I suld all reddy be.

Doug. Virgil, 140, 49. After William men cald the rede kyng, Henry the coroun nam, his brother that was ying.

R. Brunne, p. 95. YIRB, S. The provincial prounciation of E. Herb. *?. YIRB-WIFE, s. An old woman who pretends to be ac­quainted with the medicinal qualities of herbs, *?.

YIRD.fi. Earth, South of Scotland. S. 7b YIRD, V. a. To bury ; to inter. V. Y E R D . *?. YIRD-DRIFT, s. Snow, not in the act of falling, but lifted up from the ground, and driven by the wind. *?.

YIRD-ELDIN, s. Fuel of peat or turf. V. ELDIN, *?, YIRDLINS. adv. A yirdlins, along the ground or yird.8. YIRDIN.fi. Thunder, S.B. V. E R D D Y N . YIRLICH, adj. Wild ; unnatural Syn. Elritch. 8. To YIRM, v. n. To whine ; to complain ; also, to ask in a querulous tone ; implying the idea of continu­ation, S. Sibb. writes earm, yearm, explaining it, " to teaze or

importune in the whinning manner of a mendicant;" and deriving it from Teut. arm, pauper, Moes.G. arm-an, mi-sereri. Perhaps more immediately allied to Isl. harm-a, lugeo, plango ; harm-r, luctus; G. Andr. p. 107. Jarm-a, halare,jarm-ur, vox avium; Verel. See Sup.

Y 1 R M S , fi. pi. Small-sized fruit. *?. To Y Y R N E , v. n. T o coagulate ; to curdle.

Albeit na butter he could gett, Yit he was cummerit with the kirne; And syne he het the milk our het, And sorrow a spark of it would yyrne.

Bannatyne Poems, p. 217. st. 9. Milk is still said to rin, i. e. run, when it breaks and

forms into knots, in making of pottage, puddings, &c. V. EARN.

YIRNIN, s. Rennet. V. EARNING.' *?. To YIRR, v. n. To snarl; to growl as a dog, S. yarr, E. A. Bor. yirring, expl. noisy; also yelling, (Gl. Grose,) seems to have been originally the part, of this v. See Sup. Isl. verr-a, id. whence verre, a dog. Lat, hirr-ire ; Germ.

irr-en, irritare : A.S. yrre, irritatus. Y I R R , s. The growl of a dog. *?. YIRTH, s. The earth. S. YIRZE, adj. Not acquainted. *?. 7b YlSKYz!. n. To hickup. V. YEISK. YISTRENE, s. Yesternight. V. YESTRENE. YYT, part. pa. Molten ; cast. V. YET, V. YIWYN.

Tharfor iii dykys our thort he schar, Fra baith the mossis to the way : That war sa for fra othir, that thai War yiwyn a bowdraucht and mar.

Barbour, viii. 175. Euen, even, Edit. 1620. But in MS. it seems to be tbe

th, in imitation of the A.S. form, thewyn. As to the mean­ing, however, according to this reading, I can form no conjecture.

YOAG, s. The great muscle. 8. To Y O AK, v. a. To look; as, " Yoak your orlitch," look your watch. *?.

YODE, pret. v. Went. *?, 7b Y O K E , v. n. 1. To engage with another in a dis­pute, in a quarrel, or in warfare, S. " The Turk is like to be terrible to Italy. France is

like in earnest to yoke with the Pope, who is so perverse 709

and foolish, that he will force France to restore the Bar­barians to their places, whence they are ejected with the force of arms." Baillie's Lett. ii. 175. " The orthodox and heterodox party will yoke about it

with all their strength." Ibid. p. 232. 2.To enter on any employment with vigour or keenness. 7b Y O K E , v. a. To plough ridges in a particular way. *?. YOKING, s. The time that a horse is in the yoke. *?. YOKE, *. The natural greasiness of wool. *?. Y O L D Y N , Y O U D E N , pret. v. ,Yielded ; surrendered.

Tharfor in hy He set a sege thar to stoutly; And lay thar quhill it yoldyn was.

Barbour, x. 804. MS. YOLK, s. Those round, opaque and radiated crystal­lizations, which are found in window-glass, in conse­quence of being too slowly cooled, are generally termed yolks in S.; probably from their supposed resemblance of the yolk of an egg.

YOLKIE-STANE.fi. Breccia; plumpudding stone. *?. 7b YOLL, v. a. To strike; as, to yoll with an axe, S.B. YOLLE, s. A yawl. S. To YOLLER, v. n. To speak in a loud, passionate, and inarticulate manner. Syn. Goller, q. v. *?.

YOLLERIN, s. Confused or convulsed noise. S. YOLPIN, s. 1. An unfledged bird. 2. Transferred to children who are often called the yolpins. S.

To Y O M E R , v. n. To shriek. V. Y A M E R , V. Y O M F , s. A blow.—To YO M F , V. a. To strike. *?. YO N D M O S T , Y O N T M O S T , O ! $ ' . Farthest; most distant,*?. Y O N T , prep. Beyond. V. Y O U N D . Y O N TER, adj. compar. of Yont. Farther; more distant. *?. Y 0 0 L U G H A N , S. The act of yelling; from Youl, v. 8. Y O P I N D A I L L . Y O W P I N D A I L E , s. Perhaps a heifer. *?. Y O R E , adj. Ready ; alert. V. Y A R E . YORLING, S. The yellow-hammer. *?. Y O U D , s. Youth.—YOUDFU', adj. Youthful. *?. Y O U D E N , part. pa. 1. Yielded; given up; surren­dered. 2. Begun to give way; as in a thaw we say, " The ice is youden." V. YOLDYN. *?.

YOUDEN-DRIFT, s. Snow driven by the wind, S.B. The strongest wind that e'er blew frae the lift, Tho' mixt wi' hail, wi' rain or youden drift, Brings ay a calm at last.— Morison's Poems, p. 121.

Also written Ewden-drift, q. v. This may be formed from the old part. pa. of yield, q. snow which is driven as yielding to the force of the wind. Did we seek a more antiquated source, we might suppose a resemblance to the name of Odin, A.S. Eowthen the great deity of the Goths, q. the effect of the power of Odin; especially, as, accord­ing to their mythology, he had the direction of the air and tempests.

Y O U D I T H . s . Youth, S.A.—YouDLiN,fi. A stripling,*?. Unmingled sweets her lips retain, These lips she ne'er should steek.

Ramsay's Works, i. 117. This is a corr. V. YOUTHHEID.

7b Y O V E , v. n. l.To talk in a free, facetious, and fami­liar way; as to yove and crack. 2,Togoataround pace.*?.

To Y O U F , YOUFF, YUFF; V. n. To bark, S. *?ee *?. My colley, Ringie, youfd an' yowl'd a' night, Cour'd and crap near me in an unco fright.

V. W O U F F . Fergusson's Poems, ii. 6. Y O U F A T , adj. Diminutive ; puny. *?. Y O U F F , Y O W F F , s. " A swinging blow;" a smart blow,

Loth, radically the same with gouff, S.

Y O U Y O U Death wi' his rung rax'd her a yowff, And sae she died. Ramsay's Poems, i. 218.

To Y O U F , Y O W F F , v. a. To strike forcibly. Syn.Gowf.S.

To Y O U K , Y U K E , Y U C K , v.n. To itch ; to be itchy,

S. yuck, id. Lincoln. Junius mentions this as a S. word, referring to the Prov.,

I'll gar you scart where you youh not; i. e. I'll make you . scratch where you itch not." This Prov. is used metaph.; as when a parent threatens to beat a child. It is com­monly expressed in this manner; I'll gar you claw where ye're no youky.

It seems also to signify the causing of pain or vexation of mind without any previous apprehension. " Thay—throw a proud presumption of thair auin wis-

dome, hearis thame selfis, or sik as flatters thair yeuking earis," &c. J. Hamilton's Facile Traictise, p. 42.

To one w h o does any thing that may expose him to capital punishment, or w h o seems to make advances to an action of this kind, it is sometimes said; Your neck's youk-ing, i. e. Y o u seem to long for the gallows. V. Kelly, p. 391. See Sup.

Germ, juck-en, Belg. jeuck-en, id. prurire ; also, to scratch; Germ.jucke, Belg. jeukte, (pron. q. y.) A.S. gictha, pruritus, Su.G. gick't.

YOUK, YEUK, YUKE, YUCK, S. 1. The itch, S. A souple taylor to his trade,

And when their hands he shook, Ga'e them what he got frae his dad,

Videlicet, the yuke, To claw that day. Ramsay's Warks, i. 263.

—But waster wives, the warst of a', Without a yeuk they gar ane claw.

V. the v. Ibid. p. 307. 2. Itchiness; without any relation to the cutaneous disease denominated the itch, S.

Y O U K Y , adj. 1. Itchy, S. V. the v.

2. Eager; anxious ; metaph. used. Straight Bawsy rises, quickly dresses. While haste his youky mind expresses.

Ramsay's Poems, ii. 560. YOUKFIT, s. The snipe. V, YUCKFIT. S.

To YOUL, YOULE, v. n. To howl; to yell, S. A. Bor. And oft with wylde scryke the nycht oule Hie on the rufe allane was hard youle.

Doug. Virgil, 116, 10. With duleful skrik and waling all is confundit, The holl housis youlit and resoundit. Ibid. 55, 15.

" Strike a dog with a bone, and he'll not yowll-" S. Prov. " M e n will bear small inconveniences, that bring great profit." Kelly, p. 294.

Goul, youl, yaul, howl, yell, and yelloch, seem to be all from the same fountain. V. G O U L , V.

Y O U L , Y O W L , S. A yell; the act of howling, S. V. the v.

The air was dirkit with the fowlis, That come with yawmeris, and with yowlis.

Dunbar, Bannatyne Poems, p. 22. YOULLIE, s. A policeman, Edinburgh; a low term, probably from their youling, or calling the hours. *?,

YOULRING, s. A yellowhammer. V. YELDRIN.

Y O U N D , YO N D , adj. Opposite, what is on the other side.

Wenis thou vnerdit now, and thus vnabil, Ouer Styx the hellis pule sic wise to fare ?— Vucallit on the yound bray wald thou be ?

Doug. Virgil, 176, 35. A.S. geond, illuc, ultra ; there, further; Moes.G. gaind,

Junius seems, with great propriety, to derive A.S.

illuc.

ongeond, adversum, contra, from on, and geond, illuc; so that the comp. term signifies whatever is opposite. V. Etym. vo. Against. Germ, gen, ad versus, contra; hence jen-er, ulterior ; jen-seit, ultra, trans, in opposita regione, from gen,jen, and seit, latus, side.

S. it is pron. yont; as, the yont side, the further side. Yond, adv. further, is pron. in the same manner. See Sup. " W h a t want ye up and down ? ye have hither and

yont;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 76. A.S. hider and geond, hue atque illuc ; Bed. v. 13. A.Bor. yont, beyond.

Sit yontermert, Fife, sit farther off, from yonder, S.yonter, and mair, more.

F A R Y O N D , F A R Y O N T . A phrase applied to one sup­

posed to be in a nearly hopeless state. *?. Y O U N G FOLK. The designation commonly given in Scotland to a newly-married pair. *?,

Y O U N G S O M E , adj. Youthful. *?. Y O U P , s. A scream. V. Y O U T , S.

To Y O U S T , v. n. To talk idly and loosely, with volu­bility and noise. *?.

YOUST, s. Conversation of this description. *?. YOUSTIR, YOUSTER, S. "Putrid matter; corrupt blood; sanies;" Rudd. See Sup.

1 saw that cruell foynd eik thare, but dout, Thare lymmes rife and eit, as he war wod, The youstir tharfra cbirtand and blak blud. — H e straucht, fordrunkin, ligging in his dreme, Bokkis furth and yeiskis of youster m o n y streme.

Doug. Virgil, 89, 33, 43. Rudd. says, that he can offer nothing certain concerning

the origin of this word. Sibb. entirely overlooks it. There can be no doubt that it is merely A.S. geolster, geolhslor, " virus, sanies, tabum : poison, venome; black, corrupt, filthy matter or bloud;" Somner. Hence geolstru, virulentus; virulent, full of poison ; Id.

It might seem formed from geolw, yellow, as indicating the colour of purulent matter, and ster, a term., yet retained in some Goth, dialects, by which substantives are formed from verbs, and adjectives from substantives; as Belg. vryster, virgo nubilis, from frey-en, nubere,.Germ. hamster, mus agrestis, from hamme, ager. V. STER, term.

Kilian renders Teut. ghest, ghist, faex, sanies, crassamen, crassamentum. This might seem allied, were it not synon. with A.S. gist, E. yeast. And, from the orthography, it is not probable that the latter has any affinity to geolster.

By the way, it may be observed that A.S. gist, Su.G. gaest, Isl. jast-r, which all denote the flower of beer in a state of fermentation, are,to be traced to Alenj*. ges-en, Su.G. gaes-a, jaes-a, to ferment. According to Wachter, C.B. jas, fervor, ebullitio, may be viewed as the root; with which agrees Isl. ys-a, to swell.

To Y O U T , v. n. To cry ; to roar, S.B. Quhy am I formit sa foull; Ay to yout and to youll, As ane horuble oull, Ougsum owir all ? Houlate, i. 8.

A cow is said to yout, when she makes a noise. Teut. iuyt-en, iuycht-en, jubilare, vociferari; iuyt,iuyt-

inghe. jubilatus. Isl. gellt-a, to bark, is probably allied. This may be traced to gey-a, latrare, whence gaud, latratus, barking. V. Verel. in vo.

Y O U T , Yowr, s. A cry ; "a scream," Gl. Shirr. S.B. The fyre flauchtis flew ouirthort the fellis, Than was thair nocht bot yowtis and yellis.

Lyndsay's Warkis, 1592. p. 40. S u m fled for to saue thame seis, A n d vther sum with youts and yells,

Maist cairfully did cry. Buret's Pilg. Watson's Coll. ii. 33.

Y U K Y U L M y heart it quells wi' fear, The sichts to see, the yowts to hear That stound upon mine ear,

Jamieson's Popul. Ball. i. 233. Skinner gives youp as synon. This seems allied to the

S. v. YAUP, q. v.

YOUTHEID, YHOUTHADE, YOWTHHEID, S. 1. The season of youth.

—Til swylk thowlesnes he yeid, As the courss askis off yowtheid.—Barbour, i.334. M S . In-til the floure of hys yhowthed He deyd in clene madynhed. Wyntown, vii. 7, 331. Bot quhen yowthheid hes blawn his wantoun blast, Than sail Gud Counsall rewill him at the last.

Lyndsay, S.P.R. ii. 128. The latter is the most proper orthography.

2. Used to denote persons in a state of adolescence.*?. A.S. geogeth-had, i. e. literally, the state of being young.

V H E I D iaTitt

Y O U T H Y.YOUTHIE, adj. l.Youthful. 2.Youthful hab­its ; or an affectation of youthfulness in dress, or in manners, unbecoming in advanced life. *?•

YOUTHINESS, s. Youthfulness. *?•

Y O U T H I R O F T H E SOD, the red ashes of turf, Ang. YOW, YOUE, s. 1. A ewe.

Thre velis tho, as was the auld manere In wourschip of Erix he bad doun quel, And ane blak yow to God of tempestis fol.

Doug. Virgil, 153, 51. — " Thai maid grit cheir of euyrie sort of mylk baytht of

ky mylk kyoue mylk." Compl. S. p. 66. 2. Rotten yow, metaph. applied to a person supposed to be unwholesome, as subjected to much expecto­ration. & A.S. eowu, Belg, oye, ouwe.

To YOW, v. n. To caterwaul. 8. YOWDE, pret. Went. V. YEDE. YOWDLIN, part. adj. Dilatory; as, « A youdlin elf."*?. YOWPINDAIL, s. V. YOPINDAILL. 8. YOUTHER, s. 1. Any strong or nauseous smell. 2. It denotes vapour. 3. The dust of flax. V. E W D E R . *?.

Y U C K F I T , Y O U K F I T , s. The snipe. 8.

Y U I K , s. " Or he was past ane myle from Striuiling, all the partis

of his body wer taikin with sic ane sair yuik as it micht esily appeir that the same preceidit not of the force of ony seiknes, bot be plane trecherie. The takinis of quhilk trecherie, certane blak pimples sa sone as he was cum ,to Glasgow, brak out ouer all his haill body, with sa greit yuik and sic pane throw out all his lymmis, that he lingerit out his lyfe with verray small hope of eschaip." Bucha­nan's Detect, p. 12. .... In the Lond. Edit, ache is the word used, Sign. C. mi.

b.; in the Lat. copy dolor, in both places. Dohre et om­nium partium vexatione.

Itchiness cannot well be meant, as there is no corre­spondent term in the Lat. Besides, dolor and vexatio are the only terms used by Buchanan, Hist. Lib. xviii. 6.

One would almost think that yuik were an error of the press for yaik, as the v. is used in this form, signifying, to ache. But this cannot well be supposed, as yuik not only occurs twice in ouch close connexion, but in another place. " Blak pimples breking out ouer all his body, greuous

yuik in all his lymmis, and intollerabill stinch disclois it." In Lond. Edit, ache, Sign. H. ii. b.

To Y U K E , v. n. To be itchy. Y U K E , S. Itch. V . Y O U K .

711

Y U L E , Y H U L E , Y U Y L L , S. The name given to Christ­

mas, S. A. Bor. Oure the Mownth theyne passyd he sene, And held hys Yhule in Abbyrdene.

Wyntown, vii. 9. 300. In-tyl Kinlos that yere for-thi In Morave held the King Davy His Yule. And of Sanct-Andrewis than The Bischope de Landalis, that gud man, In Elgyne held his Yuk that yere.

Ibid. viii. 45. 107. 109. " In the thrid yeir eftir, the erle of Caithnes come to

kyng Alexander, quhen he wes sittand with his modir on the Epyphany day at his Yuyll, and desirit grace." Bel­lend. Cron. B. xiii. c. 14. Natali Christi, Boeth. " A green Yule makes a fat kirk-yard;" Ramsay's S.

Prov. p. 11. The truth of this Prov. is denied by some learned physicians, who assert that a hard winter cuts off many more, especially those advanced in life, than an open one.

Su.G. jul, Dan. jule, juledag, Isl. jol, A.S. geola, geohol, gehhol, gehul, id.

Mr. Pinkerton has justly observed, that this was "ori­ginally the Gothic Pagan feast of Yuk or Jul;" Gl. Maitl. Poems. The ancient Goths had three great reli­gious festivals in the year. Of these Yuk was the first. It was celebrated at the time of the winter solstice, in honour of the Sun, whom the Goths worshipped under the name of Thor. As at this period the Sun began to return, they expressed their joy in this manner, and en­deavoured to secure a propitious year. Mallet's North. Antiq. i. 130. 131.

It raust be acknowledged, that the same confusion may be remarked in the Gothic mythology, as in that of Greece and Rome. The attributes of one deity are often trans­ferred to another. Hence the Sun is sometimes recognized by the name of Odin ; and we are informed, that this deity was denominated, by the inhabitants of the North, Julvat-ter, or the Father of Yule, because this feast was observed in honour of him. V. Keysler, Antiq. Septent. p. 159. This confusion may in part be accounted for, by a circum­stance which Mallet has taken notice of. The different northern nations had their partialities; and as they all ob­served the feast of Jul, some might ascribe the honour to one deity, and others to another. " The Danes seem to have paid the highest honours to Odin. The inhabitants of Norway and Iceland appear to have been under the immediate protection of Thor ; and the Swedes had chosen Freya for their tutelar deity." North. Antiq. i. 97. I. Many conjectures have been formed as to the origin

of the N A M E . Some have derived it from Gr. /aTio?, which denoted a hymn that was wont to be sung by women in honour of Bacchus, as appears from the following verse :

Aeiil»hilx; TivyQtaa. x«A«f iitihii) ufaxg. " And preparing the salted flour, she sung the pleasant

Mi." Didymus and Athenaeus assert, that the hymn was in

honour of Ceres; and the same thing is intimated by Theodoret, in his work De Materia et Mundo, when he says; " Let us not sing the lulus to Ceres, nor the Dithy-rambus to Bacchus." By the way, it may be remarked, that, according to the learned Verelius, Ceres was by the Goths called Frigga or Freia. Not. in Hervarar S. p. 52. Hickes observes, that this agrees very well with the Yule-games of our ancestors, who celebrated this feast after the completion of harvest, and at the commencement of a new year, over the labours of which Ceres was supposed to preside. . . .

It has been objected to this derivation, that it is impro­bable that the Goths would borrow the term from the

Y U L Y. U L

Greeks. But if we could view the words as having a common origin, it might rather be supposed that the Greeks had borrowed theirs from the Goths, as the Pe-las<ri seem to have been of Scythian extract. With our ancestors, however, the worship of Ceres was certainly appropriated to Freya, while Yule was consecrated to the

Sun. G. Andr. very fancifully derives Isl. Jol, the name of

this feast, from Heb. byi\jobal, i. e. jubilee. Others have traced it to Lat. jubilum. Some have more reason­ably referred to !)j), gul, laetari. Because the 25th of December was reckoned the middle

of winter by Julius Caesar, it has been conjectured that the Goths gave the name of Jul to this day. Venerable Bede, in one passage, seems to embrace this opinion. V. Worm. Fast. Dan. L. i. c. 7. Our Buchanan, having ob­served that Yuk was a revival of the ancient Saturnalia, adds, that the name of Julius Caesar was substituted for that of Saturn. Nostri Julia id festum vocant Caesaris videlicet nomine pro Saturno substituto. Hist. L. i. c. 24.

But it is extremely improbable, that Yule should receive its designation, among the Goths, from Julius Caesar. " For what reason," as Loccenius inquires, " would they give this honour to him, who, so far from subduing them, never came into their territories ?" According to Strabo, who lived under Augustus and Tiberius, the regions be­yond the Elbe, where the sea was interposed, were quite unknown to the Romans in his time. Lib. vii. p. 249. V. Loccen. Antiq. SueoGoth. p. 23. Wormius, although in one place he seems disposed to

concede, that the Cirabric name of this feast was adopted out of compliment to Julius, elsewhere prefers a different hypothesis. " The months called Giuli (including part of December and January) receive their denomination from the retrograde motion of the sun, causing the increase of the day.—The name originates, if I mistake not, from the winter solstice, because then the sun seems as it were to rest, before he approaches nearer to the Equator. For, to this day, huik denotes rest, as at huile, to rest; and the change of If into G is easy." Fast. Dan. p. 41. The A.S. gave the name of Geola to two of their months,

December and January, calling the first Aerre-geola, or the first Yule, and the second Aeftera-geola, or the later Yule. Bede supposes that they received this designation, a conversions Solis, in auctum diei, from the sun turning back, to the lengthening of the day; the one preceding, and the other following, this change. De Temporum Rat. c. 13. Ihre adopts this idea, observing that C.B. chwyl signifies retrogradation. Nearly allied to this, is the opinion of those who derive

it from Su.G. huel, or rather hiul, rota, a wheel. Ihre has observed, (vo. Hiul) that, in the Edda, fagra hwel, i. e. beautiful wheel, is one of the designations of the Sun. Perhaps, it may be added, that a wheel seems to have been the emblem of the sun, in the old Danish Fasti. Others understand the name as simply signifying The

Feast. The learned Hickes views i or j, and A.S. ge, merely as intensive particles, conjoined with Isl. and Su.G. oel, commessatio, compotatio, convivium, symposium. The term literally signifies ale or beer, the chief liquor among the Goths; and metonymically, a feast.

In Isl. i indeed is an intensive particle, often prefixed to words for the greater emphasis ; as igillde, a great price, isu-rt, very bitter, igraenn, very green, &c. Dr. Thorkelin adopts this etymon; Fragments of Irish His­tory, p. 94. V. Mallet's North. Antiq. ii. 68. Gl. Eddae Saemund. vo. Aul. It is a singular coincidence, that Ir. and Gael, cuirm, which denotes ale, also signifies a feast or banquet.

Isl. jol has also been viewed (q.jo-ol) as " denominated in honour of the god Jaw or the Sun. As ol, according

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to the original use of the word, signifies nourishment in general, from ek el, alo, and thus includes the idea both of meat and drink, it more especially denotes a joyous and splendid feast. Very fat meat is called jolfeitt Mot; and a well-fed horse, allin hestr. Some have derived Jol from the eating of horse-flesh. This animal, indeed, was sacred to the Sim (Jaw,) and was doubtless, in ancient times, sacrificed in honour of this deity." Gl. Eddae Saemund., vo. Jolnar. Passing a variety of other etymons, I shall only add

that of several learned writers, who derive the term from Moes.G. nil, the Sun; C.B. haul, Arm. gouil, Maul, id. The resemblance of the Gr. name of this luminary, «j?uo?, has been remarked. Where there is so great a diversity of opinions, I cannot

pretend to determine which of them ought to be preferred. I shall only say, that the latter derivation, and that from huel, rota, together with that of Hickes, seem to have the chief claim to attention.

II. This festival, among the Northern nations, was the great season of SACRIFICE. On this occasion human vic­tims seem generally to have been offered to their false gods. According to Ditmar, (in Chron.,) at this general convention, the Danes once in nine years increased the number of human sacrifices to ninety-nine. Besides these, they offered as many horses, dogs, and cocks, in place of hawks. V. Ihre, vo. Hoek, p. 912.

The Persians sacrificed horses to the Sun. This noble animal was, indeed, sacred to him. W e must view it as a remnant of the same Eastern idolatry, that the Goths offered horses at the feast of Yule. V. El. Sched. de Dis. German, p. 102. " The Greenlanders at this day keep a. Sun-feast at the

winter solstice, about Dec. 22. to rejoice at the return of the Sun, and the expected renewal of the hunting season.' Crantz's Hist. Greenland, i. 176. V. Mallet, ii. 68. The Goths used also to sacrifice a boar. For this ani­

mal, as well as the horse, was, according to their mytho­logy, sacred to the Sun. To this day it is customary, among the peasants in the North of Europe, at the time of Christmas, to make bread in the form of a koar-pig. This they place upon a table, with bacon and other dishes ; and, as a good omen, they expose it as long as the feast. continues. For to leave it uncovered, is reckoned a bad omen, and totally incongruous to the manners of their an­cestors. They call this kind of bread Julagalt; Verel. Not. ad Hervarar S. p. 139. For a fuller account of this ancient custom, V. M A I D E N , S. 2. See Sup.

Hence, as has been observed, we may perceive what is meant in the Indiculus Superstitionum et Paganarium Sy-nodo Liptiniensi subjunctus, sect. 26. when we meet with this title, De Simulacro de Consparsa Farina. Keysler, ut sup. pp. 159, 160.

In our own country, the use that is made of the Maiden, or last handful of corn that has been cut down in harvest, bears a striking analogy to this custom. It is divided among the horses or cows, on the morning of Yuk, some­times of the new year, " to make them thrive all the year round." To this custom Burns seems to allude, in his beautiful Poem, entitled, The Auld Farmer's New-year Morning Salutation to his Auld Mare Maggie, on giving her the accustomed ripp of corn to hansel in the new year, iii. 140.

A guid New-year I wish thee ! Maggie, Hae, there's a ripp to thy auld baggie, &c.

This custom varies in different places. In some, the horses generally get a feed of corn on the morning of Yule ; and the Maiden is given to the horse called the Winder, which leads the rest in the plough.

The ancient Romans had a rite analogous fo this, in the celebration of the Feriae Sementinae, a festival appointed

Y U L Y U L to be kept at the beginning of seed-time, for imploring their deities, particularly Ceres and Tellus, to give success to their labours. O n this occasion, the oxen, used for labour, were crowned with garlands, and received a double portion of food. In allusion to this custom, Ovid says;

State coronati plenum ad praespejuvenci. Fast. Lib. i. Something similar to the custom of the Julagalt has

evidently subsisted in the Orkney Islands, although the vestiges of it are not now understood.

" In a part of the parish of Sandwick, every family, that has a herd of swine, kills a sow on the 17th of December, and thence it is called Sow-day. There is no tradition as to the origin of this practice." Statist. Ace. xvi. 460.

This, indeed, may be viewed as a relique of the heathen worship of the ancient Goths, in sacrificing a boar to the Sun.

It is the opinion of some learned writers, that the Sun was worshipped under the name of Saturn. Servius (in Virgil. Lib. i.) says, that the Assyrians worshipped Saturn under the name of Bel, and that the Sun and Saturn are the same. V. Minut. Fel. Not. pp. 45, 46. It is certainly a well-founded idea, that Bel or Bel us, the great god of the Chaldeans, was the Sun. This is asserted by Macrobius, Lib. i. c. 22. Uranus, i. e. the Heaven, being the father of Saturn, and Rhea, or the Earth, his sister and wife; it seems highly probable, that the worship of Saturn was originally derived, by the western nations, from that of tbe Sun as adored in the east. At the same time, it is evident that they incorporated many things of their own into this part of their mythology. But as they had diffe­rent deities that bore the same name, they seem to have often jumbled together allegories concerning nature, the history of their departed heroes, and mere fables, in their accounts of one particular deity.

B y supposing that Saturn was another name for the Sun, we can easily account for the striking similarity of the rites used by the Romans in their Saturnalia; cele­brated in the latter part of the month of December, to those of the Northern nations. Nay, as the Celts undoubt­edly worshipped the Sun under the name of Bel or Belenus, and as some of the most solemn acts of the Druidical worship were performed about this season; we find Goths, Celts, and Romans, conspiring in the observation of a great feast at the time of the winter solstice.

As the Druids then employed their golden bill, for cut­ting the mistletoe, it is remarkable, that the falx, the bill or scythe, was the badge of Saturn, because he was sup­posed to preside over agriculture; Rosin, p. 294. Banier's Mythol. ii. 260.

His worship, in another respect, agrees with that of the Sun. For it seems to be admitted, that human sacrifices had been offered to him by the Carthaginians ; Banier, ibid. p. 258. In the same manner the Pelasgi are said to have worshipped him; Rosin, ut sup.

A custom, similar to that of the Julagalt already de­scribed, prevailed among the ancient Italians, in the worship of Saturn. W e are informed by Dionysius of Halicar-nassus, that Hercules, on his return from Spain to Italy, abolished the horrid custom of offering human sacrifices to Saturn; and, having erected an altar to him on the Saturnine mount, presented those offerings, which the Greeks call TV/IOAO. a.%-i>a,, which, according to the Scholiast on Thucydides, were of paste figured like animals; Banier's Mythol. B. i. c. 3, p. 259.

Something of the same kind has been observed among the Egyptians. According to Jerome, indeed, it would seem to have been a general custom among the heathen, to distinguish the end of the old year, or the beginning of the new, by peculiar religious ceremonies.

The passage I refer to, is his comment on these words, Isa. Ixv. U , " That prepare a table for that troop, and

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that furnish the drink-offering unto that number." H e renders it, " That place a table to Fortune, and pour out upon it;" or, according to the Septuagint, " pour out a drink-offering to the daemon." Then he says; " But there is an ancient idolatrous custom in all cities, and especially in Egypt and in Alexandria, that on the last day of the year and of the last month, they place a table "covered with meats of different kinds, and a cup mixed with honey, expressive of abundance, either of the past, or of the future year." These words, That prepare a table for that troop, are viewed by the iearned Vitringa, as respecting the worship of Apollo or the Sun, who, he apprehends, is there in Heb. called Gad; as he renders Meni, explained in our version, " that number," the Moon. In Isa. Ixv. 11. V. MONE.

In our own country, there are still several vestiges of this idolatry. In Angus, he, who first opens the door on Yule-day, expects to prosper more than any other member of the family during the future year, because, as the vulgar express it, " he lets in Yule." The door being opened, it is customary with some to place a table or chair in it, covering it with a clean cloth, and, according to their own language, to " set on it bread and cheese to Yule." Early in the morning, as soon as any one of the family gets out of bed, a new broom besom is set at the back of the outer door. The design is, " to let in Yule." These gross superstitions, and the very modes of expression used, have undoubtedly had a heathen origin; for Yule is thus not only personified, but treated as a deity, who receives an oblation. See Sup.

It is also very common to have a table covered, in the house, from morning to evening, with bread and drink on it, that every one who calls may take a portion; and it is deemed very ominous, if one come into a house, and leave it without participation. However many call on this day, all must partake of the cheer provided.

It was customary with the Romans, at this season, to cover tables, and set lamps on them. This is one of the observances prohibited as heathenish, in the early canons of the Church. V. G Y S A R . ..

Here I may also mention some other ridiculous rites practised on this day. Any servant, who is supposed to have a due regard to the interests of the family, and at the same time not emancipated from the yoke of supersti­tion, is careful to go early to the well, on Christmas morn­ing, to draw water, to draw corn out of the stack, and also to bring in kale from the kitchen-garden. This is meant to insure prosperity to the family.

A similar superstition is, for the same reason, still ob­served by many on the morning of the New-year. One of a family watches the stroke of twelve, goes to the well as quickly as possible, and carefully skims it. This they call " getting the scum or ream (cream) of the well."

This superstitious rite, in the south of S., is observed on the morning of New-year's day.

Twall struck.—Twa neebour hizzies raise ; An', I iItin, gaed a sad gate;

' The flower o' the well to our house gaes, ' An' I'll the boniest lad get.'

" Upon the morning of the first day of the new year, the country lasses are sure to rise as early as possible, if they have been in bed, which is seldom the case, that they may get the flower, as it is called, or the first pail-full of water from the well. The girl, who is so lucky as to ob­tain that prize, is supposed to have more than a double chance of gaining the most accomplished young man in the parish. As they go to the well, they chant over the words, which are marked with inverted commas." Rev. J. Nicol's Poems, i. 30.

This seems to be a very ancient superstition ; and may perhaps be viewed as a vestige of the worship of wells,

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Y U L Y U L Which prevailed among the Picts. This rite was not un­known to the Romans, Virgil attributes the observation of it to iEneas. The act of skimming water with the hand was one of the rites necessary in order to successful augury.

Et sic affatus ad undam Processit, summoque hausit de gurgite lymphas, Multa deos orans, oneravitque aethera votis.

Virg. Men. ix, 23. Or, as it is rendered by the Bishop of Dunkeld :

And thare withal with wourdis augural, Eftir thare spayng cerymonis diuinal, Vnto the flude anone furth steppis he, And of the stremys crop ane litil we The wattir liftis up into his handis, Ful gretumlie the Goddis, quhare he standis, Besekand til attend til his praier.

Doug. Virgil, 274, 15. The st?-emys crop, i. e. the surface of the stream. III. Yuk, as has been already observed, was celebrated

as a F E A S T , among the ancient Goths. At this time, those who were related had the closest intercourse. They used by turns to feast with each other. These entertainments they called Offergilden: for the terra gild denotes a fra­ternity or association, for the purpose of having money, meat, drink, &c. in common. Keysler. Antiq, Septent, p. 349, Thence gild or guild among us denotes a society possessing a common stock.

It was also customary during Yuk, particularly in Sweden, for different families to meet together in one village, and to bring meat and drink with them, for the celebration of the feast. The same custom was observed, when there was a general concourse to the place where one of their temples stood. Erat veterum more receptum, ut cum sacrificia erant celebranda, ad templum frequentes convenirent cives omnes, ferentes secum singuli victum et commeatum, quo per sacrificiorum solennia uterentur, singuli etiam cerevisiam, quae isto in convivio adhiberetur. Snorr. Sturl. Heiraskring. S. Hakonar, c. 16. I need not say, that this is most probably the origin of

the custom still preserved among us, of relations and friends feasting in each other's houses, at this time. The vulgar, in the Northern counties of S., have also a custom which greatly resembles the Offergilden. On the morning of the new year, it is common for neighbours to go into each other's houses, and to club their money in order to send out for drink, to welcome in the year. This is done in private houses.

During the times of heathenism, the solemnities of Yuk lasted three days. The festival seems to have been some­times continued for eight days. Hakon Skulderbreds 8. c 11, 14.

The festive observation of this season, even where there is no idea of sanctity in relation to the supposed date of our Saviour's birth, is far more general in the N. of S., than in other parts of the country. There is scarcely a family so poor, as not to have a kind of feast on Yule, Those have butcher-meat in their houses on this day, who have it at no other time ; it being the day appropriated for the meeting of all the relations of a family.

Among the lower classes, it is universally observed according to the Old Style. " Our fathers," say they, "observed it on this day;" and, " They may alter the style, but they cannot alter the seasons."

The ancient inhabitants of the North were never at a loss for the means of celebrating their Yuk. Johnstone (Antiq. Celto-Normann.) has a Note referring to this sub­ject, which exhibits their character in its true light. " The Scandinavian expeditions," he says, " were anciently con­ducted in tbe following manner. A chieftain sailed, with a few ships, for Britain, and collected all the scattered

adventurers be could find in his way. They landed oil the coast, and formed a temporary fortress. T o this strong hold they drove all the cattle, and having salted them, the freebooters returned home, where they spent their Jol, or brumal feast, with much glee. Such an ex­pedition was called a Strand-hoggua, or strand slaughter." P. 65.

IV. The GIFTS, now generally conferred at the New-year, seem to have originally belonged to Yule. Among the Northern nations, it was customary for subjects, at this season, to present gifts to the sovereign. These were denominated Jolagiafir, i. e. Yule-gifts. They were Bene­volences of that description, which, if not given cheerfully, the prince considered himself as having a right to extort. Hence, it is said of Hacon, King of Norway, A. 1093. Hann tok tha oc af vid tha iolagiafir ; Is quoque tributa, quae donorum Jolensium nomine solvi debebant, eis re-inisit. Johnstone, Antiq. Celto-Scand. p. 230.

The Romans, at this season, were wont to send presents of sweetmeats, such as dried figs, honey, &c. to which they gave the name of Strenae. This was meant as a good omen; and, by this substantial emblem, they also expressed their wishes, that their friends might enjoy the sweets of the year on which they entered; Rosin. Antiq. pp. 29, 250. The custom which prevails in S., of presenting what the vulgar call a sweetie-skon, or a loaf enriched with raisins, currants, and spiceries, has an evident analogy to this.

In some of the northern counties of S., the vulgar would reckon it a bad omen, to enter a neighbour's house, on New-year's day, empty-handed. It is common to carry some trifling present; as, a bit of bread, a little meal, or a piece of money.

Those gifts were also called by the Romans Saturnalitia; Rosin, p. 294. Saturnalia,—says Tertullian, strenae cap-tandae, et septimontium, et brumae, et carae cognationis honoraria exigenda omnia, &c. D e Idololatria, c. 10. V. also his work, D e Fuga in Persecutione, c. 13.

Tertullian severely reprehends the Christians, for their compliance with the heathen, in paying some respect to these customs. " B y us," he says, " who are strangers to sabbaths, and new moons, once acceptable to God, the Saturnalia and the feasts of January, and Bru-malia, and Matronalia, are frequented; gifts are sent hither and thither, there is the noise of the Strenae, and of games and of feasting. O 1 better faith of the nations in their own religion, which adopts no solemnity of the Christians." D e Idololatria, c, 14. W e accordingly find that the Strenae were prohibited by the Christian church. V. Rosin. Antiq. p. 29, and vo. G Y S A R . The Strenae are traced as far back as to King Tatius,

who, at this season, used to receive branches of a happy or fortunate tree from the grove of Strenio, as favourable omens with respect to the New-year; Q. Symmach. ap. Rosin, p. 28.

It appears that, in consequence of the establishment of the monarchy under Augustus, all orders of people were expected to present New-years-gifts by the emperors them­selves; Sueton. in August, c. 57. During the reign of this prince, these were given at the Capitol. But Cahgulai, was so lost to a sense of shame, as to publish an edict expressly requiring such gifts ; and to stand in the porch of the palace, on the Calends of January, in order to receive those which people of all descriptions brought to him; Sueton. in Calig. c. 42, Even Augustus pretended to have a nocturnal vision, requiring that the people should annually, on a certain day, present money to him, which he received with a hollow hand, cavam manum asses por-rigentibus praebens; Id. iu August, c. 91. It was reckoned a handsome enough way of receiving gifts, when the bosom-fold of the cloak was expanded. But when they were

Y U L Y U L received utraque manu cavata, as it would be expressed in S., in goupins, it was accounted a species of depredation. Hence rapine was proverbially expressed in this manner. V. Ammian. Marcellin. Lib. 16. Rosin. Antiq. p. 29.

The Strenae were considered as of such importance, that a particular deity was supposed to preside over them, called Dea Strenia; Rosin, p. 28. This might be the principal reason why they were condemned by Christians in early times. T o have any concern with them, might be reckoned a symbolizing in some sort with idolatry.

V. This season, in very early times, was characterized by such DISSIPATION, that even the more sober heathens were scandalized at it.

Among the Northern nations, " feasting, dances, noc­turnal assemblies, and all the demonstrations of a most dissolute joy, were then authorized by the general usage." Mallet's North. Antiq. i. 130,

On account of the hilarity usual at this season, Wacbter concludes, that Germ, jol-en, to revel, Belg. joolig, homo festivus, as well as Fr. joli, and E. jolly, have all their origin from Jol, Yule.

The Saturnalia, among the Romans, at length lasted for seven days, the Sigillaria being included. During this season of festivity, all public business was suspended; the Senate, and the Courts of Justice, were shut up. All schools also had a vacation; Rosin, p. 98. I need scarcely remark the striking similarity of our Christmas Holidays.

Masters and servants sat at one table. Some, indeed, say, that masters waited on their servants. Every thing serious was laid aside; and people of all ranks gave them­selves up to jollity; Bochart. Phaleg. p. 3.

There can be no doubt that, in the dissipation by which the new year is ushered in, we have borrowed from the heathen. The account which Seneca the Philosopher gives of this season, might seem to have been written for our times. " It is now," says he to his friend Lucilius " the month of December, when the greatest part of the city is in a bustle. Loose reins are given to public dis­sipation ; every where may you hear the sound of great preparations, as if there were some real difference between the days dedicated to Saturn, and those for transacting business. Thus, I am disposed to think, that he was not far from the truth, who said that anciently it was the month of December, but now the year. Were you here, I would willingly confer with you as to the plan of our conduct; whether we should live in our usual way, or, to avoid singularity, both take a better supper, and throw off the toga. For what was not wont to be done, except in a tumult, or during some public calamity in the city, is now done for the sake of pleasure, and from regard to the festival. Men change their dress.—It were certainly far better to be thrifty and sober amidst a drunken crowd, disgorging what they have recently swallowed." Epist. 18. Oper. p. 273.

I have not met with any proof that the Romans disguis­ed themselves during the Saturnalia ; although this cus­tom seems to have prevailed, during the same season, among the Celts, as it certainly did among the Goths. But such disguises were permitted in the worship of Cybele, the mother of the gods. To this purpose w e have the testimony of Herodian. " Yearly, iu the beginning of Spring, the Romans celebrate the feast of the Mother of the gods. O n this occasion, the most striking symbols of wealth, which any one possesses, even royal furniture, and the most wonderful productions of nature or art, are wont to be carried before the deity. Liberty is given to all to indulge themselves in any kind of sport. Every one assumes whatever appearance is most agreeable to him. Nor is there any dignity so great, that a man may not invest himself with the emblems of it, if he pleases. Such pains are taken to deceive and to conceal the truth,

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that what is real cannot easily be distinguished from what is done in mimicry." Hist. Lib. i. c. 32.

Cybele, it may be observed, is admitted to be the same with Rhea or the Earth.

The ancient Northern nations worshipped Frea or Frigga. Her festival was observed in the month of Feb­ruary. She seems to correspond to Cybek in the Roman Calendar. As Cybele was the Mother of the gods, Frea was believed to be, not only the daughter, but the wife of Odin ; Mallet, ii. 30. In the Edda it is declared, that all the other gods sprung from Odin and Frea. She was the same with Herihus, Hertha, or the Earth. Tacitus de­scribes her under this very designation, of the Mother of the gods. Matrem Deum venerantur Aestii; insigne superstitionis formas aprorum gestant; German, c. 45. The Northern nations indeed sacrificed to Frea the largest hog they could find. This exactly agrees with the Roman mode of worshipping Cybele. For they sacrificed a hog to her; Rosin, p. 232.

With respect to the disguisings customary, during this festivity, among the Goths, and also in our own country, V. A B B O T of U N R E S S O N and G Y S A R . It may be added,

that Dr. Johnson, in his Journey to the Western Islands, mentions a custom, which has probably been transmitted from the Norwegian lords of the Hebrides.

" At new year's eve, in the hall or castle of the laird, where at festivals there [is] supposed to be a very numer­ous company, one man dresses himself in a cow-hide, on which others beat with sticks; he runs with all this noise round the house in a counterfeited fright; the door is then shut, and no re-admission obtained after their pre­tended terror, but by the repetition of a verse of poetry, which those acquainted with the custom are provided with." V. Strutt's Sports, p. 188, N.

During Yuk, our forefathers seem to have been much addicted to Games of Chance. This custom still prevails. Even children lay up stores of pins, for playing at Te Totum. In some parts of the country, merchants generally provide themselves, about this time, with a coarser sort, which they call Yule-pins.

This custom is analogous to that of the Romans. Al­though games of chance were prohibited by the laws, these provided an exception for the month of December. V. Adam's Antiq. p. 458. One species of amusement, on this day, S.B. is wad-

shooting. This signifies shooting at a mark for a prize that is laid in pledge. V. W A D - S H O O T I N G .

VI. C A N D L E S of a particular kind are made for this sea­son. For the candle, that is lighted on Yule, must be so large as to burn from the time of its being lighted till the day be done. If it did not, the circumstance would be an omen of ill fortune to the family during the subsequent year. Hence large candles are by the vulgar called Yuk-Candles. Even where lamps are commonly used, the poor­est will not light them at this time.

There is no reason to doubt that this custom has been transmitted from the times of heathenism. Rudbeck informs us, that Su.G. Jule lius denotes " the Candles of Yule, or of the Sun, which, on the night preceding the Festival of Yule, illuminated the houses of private persons through the whole kingdom." Atlantic. P. ii. 239. See Sup.

There is a striking conformity between this rite and that of the ancient Romans, in their celebration of the Saturnalia. They used lights in the worship of their deity. Hence originated the custom of making presents of this kind. The poor were wont to present the rich with wax tapers: Cereos Saturnalibus muneri dabant humiliores potentioribus, quia candelis pauperes, locup-letes cereis utebantur. Fest. Pomp. Lib. 3. Yule-candles are, in the N. of S., given as a present at this season by merchants to their stated customers.

Y U L Y U L

By many, who rigidly observe the superstitions of this season, the Yuk-candk is allowed to burn out of itself. The influence of superstition appears equally in others, although in a different way. When the day is at a close, the portentous candle is extinguished, and carefully locked up in a chest. There it is kept, in order to be burnt out at the owner's Late-wake.

I may observe, by the way, that the preservation of candles has been viewed by the superstitious as a matter of great importance. This notion seems to have been pretty generally diffused. An Icelandic writer informs us, that a spakona, a spae-wife or sibyl, who thought her­self neglected, in comparison of her sisterhood, at some unhallowed rites observed for foretelling the fate of a child, cried out; " Truly, I add this to these predictions, that the child shall live no longer than these candles, which are lighted beside him, are burnt out." Then " the chief of the Sibyls immediately extinguished one of the candles, and gave it to the mother of the child to be carefully pre­served, and not to be lighted while the child was in life." Nornagestz Sag. ap. Bartholin, Caus. Contempt. Mortis, p. 686. See Sup.

VII. A number of M I S C E L L A N E O U S SUPERSTITIONS may

be mentioned, in relation to Yuk, which are still regarded by many, especially in the North of S. Some of them, like those already referred to, may be traced to heathenism; others seem to have had their origin from the darkness of Popery. The bare mention of them must, to any thinking mind, be sufficient to shew their absurdity.

In the morning one rises before the rest of the family, and prepares food for them, which must be eaten in bed. This frequently consists of cakes baken with eggs, called Care-cakes. A bannock or cake is baken for every person in the house. If any one of these break in the toasting, the person for whom it is baked, will not, it is supposed, see another Yule. V. C A R E - C A K E .

O n this day, as well as on New-year's-day, Handsel-Monday, and Rood-day, superstitious people would not allow a coal to be carried out of their own house to that of a neighbour, lest it should be employed for the purpose of witchcraft. See Sup.

The generality of people in the North of S., even of those who have no attachment to the rites of the Church of England, so far retain a traditionary regard for Yule, that they observe it as a holiday. They would reckon it ominous to do any work; although they can give no bet­ter reason for their conduct, than that " their fathers never wrought on Yule."

W o m e u seem to have a peculiar aversion-to spinning on this day. This bears strong marks of a pagan origin. The ancient heathens would not suffer their women to spin on a holiday. Hence Tibullus says;

Non audeat ulla lanificam pensis imposuisse manum. And Ovid relates, that Bacchus punished Alcithoe and

her sisters for presuming to spin during his festival. There is a singular passage in Jhone Hamilton's Facile

Traictise, which, while it affords a proof of the tradition­ary antipathy to spinning on Yule-day, also shews how jealous our worthy reformers were against the observation of all festival days.

After declaring the opposition of the Cahiinian sect to all halydayes except Sonday, he says : " The Ministers of Scotland—in contempt of the vther halie dayes obseruit be England,—cause thair wyfis and seruants spin in oppin sicht of the people upon Yeul day; and thair affectionat auditeurs constraines thair tennants to yok thair pleuchs on Yeul day in contempt of Christs Natiuitie, whilk our Lord hes not left vnpunisit; for thair oxin ran wod and brak thair nekis, and leamit [lamed] sum pleugh men, as is notoriously knawin in sindrie partes of Scotland." Pn 174,175. r'

716

The term Yule is also used for Christmas; A. Bor. They have their Yu, or Yule-batch, i. e. Christmas-batch ; their Yule-gomes, and Yule-clog, or Christmas-block. " In farm-houses, the servants lay by a large knotty block for their Christmas fire, and, during the time it lasts, they are entitled by custom to ale at their meals;" Grose's Gl.

Yole occurs in the same sense in O.E. His Yole for to hold was his encheson.

R. Brunne, p. 49. Bourne, speaking of the custom of lighting up candles,

and of burning the Yule-clog, says, that it "seems to have been used as an emblem of the return of the Sun, and the lengthening of the days. The continuing of it," he adds, " after the introduction of Christianity, may have been intended for a symbol of that Light which lightened the Gentiles ;" Antiq. Vulgar. " In Yorkshire, and other Northern parts, they have

an old custom after sermon or service on Christmas-day, the people will, even in the churches, cry Ule, Uk, as a token of rejoicing, and the common sort run about the streets singing, Uk, Uk, Ule, Uk, &c. V. Blount's Diet. vo. Ule. V. YULE-E'EN.

That some such childish cry was anciently used in S. at this season, seems probable from the old Prov., " It is eith crying yool on anither man's stool;" Ramsay's S. Prov. p. 45.

To Y U L E , Y O O L , V. n. T o observe Christmas according

to the customary rites. " The lords refused to let the lady marchioness go to

the castle with her husband, unless she would ward also, and with great intreaty had the favour to yool with him, but to stay no longer." Spalding's Troubles, i. 48.

Y U L E - E ' E N , Y U L E - E W Y N , S. T h e night preceding

Christmas, the wake of Yule, S. Till Auld Meldrum thai yeid thair way, And thar with thair men logyt thai, Befor Yhule ewyn a nycht but mar. A thowsand, trow I, weile thai war.

Barbour, ix. 204, M S . A-pon a Yhuk-ewyn alsua Wyttalis, that to the Kyng suld ga Of Ingland, that at Melros lay, H e met rycht stowtly in the way.

Wyntown, viii. 36. 69. This the A.-Saxons denominated Myd-wyntres maesse-

aefen, vigilia Nativitatis Christi. For they called Christ­mas itself mid-winter, and myd-wyntres maesse-daeg, i. e. the mass-day in the middle of winter; as, for a similar reason, they gave the name of mid-sumer to the day observed in commemoration of the nativity of John Baptist.

The Northern nations called this night Modranect, or Moedrenech, (Modranatt, Ihre,) not according to the sense given by Sibb., as being " the night of mothers," but the Mother-night, " as that which produced all the rest: and this epoch was rendered the more remarkable, as they dated from thence the beginning of the year, which among the northern nations was computed from one winter solstice to another, as the month was from one new moon to the next." Mallet, i. 130. W e learn from Wormius. that to this day the Icelanders date the beginning of their year from Yule, in consequence of ancient custom which the law of their country obliges them to retain. They even reckon a person's age by the number of Yules he has seen; so that one who has lived during the celebration of this feast for twenty times, is said to be twenty years of age, although he was born on December 24th, or the very day preceding Yule-e'en. This night they denominate Jolanat; and he who, according to this mode of reckon­ing, is twenty years of age, is said to have lived xx Jolan-aetur ; Fast. Dan. Lib. i. s. 12.

Y U L Z I C A similar mode of reckoning is retained in some parts

of S. V. SINGIN-E'EN.

The Goths also called this Hoekanatt; because, in times of heathenism, on this occasion hawks were sacrificed. Ihre observes, (vo. Hoek,) that, as this feast was instituted in honour of the Sun, the Egyptians, according to the testimony of Horapollo, accounted hawks sacred to that luminary, because, by a secret power of nature, they could steadfastly look at him.

The vulgar, iu the North of S. especially, have a great many ridiculous notions with respect to the eve of Yule, and on this night observe a number of superstitious rites.

It is believed by some, that, if one were to go into the cow-house at twelve o'clock at night, all the cattle would be seen to kneel. This wild idea seems to refer to our Lord's being born in a stable. Many also firmly believe, that the bees sing in their hives on Christmas-eve, as wel­coming the approaching day. It has been observed, on the word Yuk, that on this

day women abstain from spinning. On the evening pre­ceding, they will not even venture to leave any flax or yarn on their wheels; apprehending that the devil would reel it for them before morning. Women in a single state assign another reason for this caution. Their rocks would otherwise follow them to church on their marriage-day. If any flax be left on their rocks, they salt it, in order to preserve it from satanical power. If yarn be accidentally left on a reel, it must not be taken off in the usual way, but be cut off. The same caution is exercised on Good-Friday; but a

reason is given, different from both of these that have already been mentioned. On this day, it is said, a rope could not be found to bind our Saviour to the cross, and the yatn was taken off a woman's wheel for this purpose.

It is a striking proof of the tyrannical influence of cus­tom on the mind, that many who have no faith in these observances, would not feel themselves easy, did they ne­glect them.

Some farmers, I have been assured, are so extremely superstitious, as to go into their stables and cow-houses on Yule-e'en, and read a chapter of the Bible behind their horses and cattle, to preserve them from harm.

Y U L E - B O Y S , S. pi. Boys who ramble through the country in disguise.duringthe Christmas holidays. V.GYSAR.*?.

Y U L E - B R O S E , s. Fat brose, a dish formerly common in S. on Christmas morning; and still very common in Fife on the morning of Auld Handsel Monday. *?.

YUMAN, YUMANRY. V. YHUMAN. Y U R N , s. The acid substance used for coagulating

milk; rennet. V. E A R N I N G . *?. To Y U R N , v. n. Perhaps an errat. for Yirm, to fret. *?. Z A D A K . Most probably for Yadak. V. Y A D O K . *?. Z I C K E T Y . A term occurring in a traditionary rhyme,

used by children, when they mean to determine by lot who shall begin a game or be counted out. For an account of this and other traditions, &c, see the Supplement

THE END OF VOL. II.

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