Surrey Relating to the History and Antiquities of the County
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Transcript of Surrey Relating to the History and Antiquities of the County
SURREY
RELATING TO THE
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE COUNTY.
PUBLISHED BY
VOL. VI .
L O N D O N
by wyman St 5 0 115 , tor
ARCHZEOLOGICAL SOCIETY,
[The COUNCIL of t he SURREY ARCHE OLOGICAL SOCIETY desire it t o be distinct lyunderstood that they are n ot responsible for any statem ents or opinions expressedin t he “COLLECTIONS t he Authors of t he several Commun ications being alone
accountable for t he same ]
C O N T EN T S O F V O L UM E
Report of Proceedings at Dan es Inn , in July, 1871at Cranleigh, in August, 1871at Dan es Inn , in
.
Jun e, 1872
at Charlwood, in Ju ly, 1873
at Danes Inn , in Jun e, 1873 xxu
at Wimbledon, in July, 1873 .
List of Members xxviiSocieties in Un ion xxxi ii
Contributions t o Library xxxiii
Additions t o t he Museum xxxivRules xxxvForm ofAppl ication for Admission ofMembers xxxvii
1 . On a Vicinal Road which formerly ran through t he Parish of Ewhurst,Surrey, from t he Stane Street at Rowhook towards t he Old Townor Station at Farley, n ear Al bury. By JAMES PARK HARRISON,Esq . M .A . .
2 . Alfold Church . By RALPH NEVILL Esq .,A .R .I.B .A .
3 . Cran ley. By Major HEALES, F .S.A
4 . On a Painting of S t . Christopher in Newdigate Church, Surrey. ByJOHN GREEN WALLER
, Esq.
5 . Limpsfield Church . By Major HEALES, F .S .A.
6. Surrey Etymologies .—Tandridge Hundred. By GRANVILLE LEVESON
GOWER, Esq . F .S.A.
7 . Notices of an Anglo Saxon Cemetery at Farthing Down, Coul sdon, Surrey.
By JORNWICKHAM FLOWER, Esq . F.G .S .
8 . Account of!a Roman Villa lately discovered at Beddington, Surrey
9 . Notices of an Anglo Saxon Cemetery at Beddington , Surrey. By JOHN
WICKHAM FLOWER, Esq .
10. Notice of a Hoard of Bronze Implements found at Beddington , Surrey.
By JOHN WICKHAM FLOWER,11 . Surrey Etymologies.
—Tandridge Hundred. Part II By GRANVILLELEVESON GOWER, Esq. F .S.A .
12. The Origin and EarlyHistory of t he Family of Newdegate, so long as theyremained connected with Surrey . By JOHN GOUGH N ICHOLS, F.S .A .
13 . Newdegate Church i t s Rectors and Registers . ByMajor HEALES, F .S .A.
14 . Notes on t he Figure of St . Christopher. By JOHN GREEN WALLER, Esq.
15 . The P ilgrims’Way as it Passes through t he Parishes of Godstone and
Tandridge. By Sir GEORGE GILBERT SCOTT, R A .
16. The Visitation of Surrey. By J . J. HOWARD, LL.D. , F.S.A.
1 . Roman Road through Ewhurst2 . Part of Coxland Farm—Ewhurst3 . View of A lfold Church .
4 . P lan of ditto,and Sect ions of Detail s in ditto
5 . Interior of ditto .
6 . Incised Marks in ditto7 . V iew of Cran le1gh Church8 . Ground Plan of ditto9 . Impost of North Tran sept Arch 1n ditto .
10 . Section of West Doorway 1n ditto11 . Section of Beam l n ditto12 . Sedil ia and Part of Old Screen 1n ditto13. Head of Sedilia 1n ditto14 . Brass of a Priest in ditto15 . The Resurrection in d1t t o1 6 . Brass of Robert Harding in ditto17 . Engraving on t he Bell i n ditto18 . Engraving of S t . Ch i is t opher 1n N ewdigate Churchand aWindow19 . A S1lver Pin
,Kn ife
,Gol d Bul la, Buckle and Beads found in other Graves
adjacent t o t he Chief’s20. The Umbo of t he Shiel d found in t he Grave of an Anglo
~Saxou Chief on
Farthing Down 112
21 . A Drinking cup found in ditto 113
22. Ground P lan of a Roman V illa at Beddington 118
23. The Umbo of a Shield found in an Anglo-Saxon Graveyard at Beddington 123
24 . Three Bronze Implements found at Beddington 125
25 . Seal of Wil liam de Nywdegat e 233
26. Gravestone in Newdegat e Churchyard. 244
27 . Seal of John Newdegate 245
28 . Seal of Thomas Newdegat e 246
29. V iew of Newdegat e Church 268
30 . Grou nd P lan of ditto 272
31 . Section of Tower and Spire of ditto 278
32. Pan ell ing 1n Gall ery front 282, 287 29233. Stained Glass Quarry at t he Rectory 291
34 . Map showing t he Pilgrims ’Way. 302
35. Arms of Carique—C larke—Feake —Buckle—Cherry—Elyot t—TurnorSmyth—WoodrufiL- Pett- Gainsford—Cowper—Vrricke- Wrigh t
TO THE MEMBERS.
N presen t ing t o t he Members of t he SURREY ARCH/EOLOGICAL SOCIETYthe Sixth Volume of “Col lection s
,
”t he Coun cil trust that it wi ll
be foun d of equal in terest with those which have preceded i t , both as
regards t he Papers which i t con tain s,and t he mann er in which they
have been treated. The completion of Part II. has been u n fortunatelydelayed owing t o t he death of t he Secretary, Mr. E . V. AUSTIN .
In addition t o his loss,t he Coun cil have t o deplore t he death of t wo
old and con stan t friends of t he Society, Mr . ,J . WICKHAM FLOWER an d
Mr. J. GOUGH NICHOLS,F .S.A t he form er SO distin gu ished in t he field
of prehistoric archaeology, t he latter n o l ess so in matters of gen ealogical
an d historical inqu iry. The presen t volum e con tain s Papers by boththese gen tlem en
,a fit t ing legacy from them t o t he Society in which
they took so warm an in terest.
The Coun cil desire t o take this Opportun ity of impressing uponMembers t he importance of raising an Il lustration Fund. From t he
n ature of t he Papers,i t is specially importan t that they shou ld be
carefu l ly and well il lu strat ed and in these days of restless in n ovation ,many an in teresting feature may thu s be preserved when t he originalhas been destroyed by so- cal led restoration .
An importan t Object which this an d kin dred Societies have in viewis t o supplemen t t he older Coun ty Histories by a close atten tion t o
t he details of parochial history. This is gen eral ly t o be gathered fromt he church an d from t he parish register ; an d on parish chu rches thisvolum e wil l be foun d t o con tain m any in teresting Papers.
No further progress has been made sin ce t he last Report in establ ishing a Coun ty Museum . It is m ost desirable
,from every poin t of v1ew,
that this Coun ty shou ld have on e , and t he Coun cil tru st that n o longtime wil l elapse before it' is establ ished . The Society al ready possesses
The Coun cil watched with much in terest t he in troduction in Par
l iamen t of Sir John Lubbock’s B il l for t he Preservation of Nation alMon umen ts . Al though i t failed t o becom e law, the Coun cil bel ieve thatt he discussion which i t provoked wil l be productive of great advan tagein cal l ing publ ic atten tion t o t he subject
,and may ere long l ead t o som e
m easure of t he kind being passed . The demol ition of t he famou s Roman
earthworks at Dorchester m u st be fel t by al l archaeologists as a n ation almisfortun e
,while in this Coun ty t he threaten ed destruction of t he
so -cal led Caesar’s Camp at Wimbledon is mu ch t o be deplored.
The An nual Excursion s that have taken place sin ce t he publ icationof Vol . V. have been thoroughly successful : they have shown thatam id t he in exhaustible beauties of n atu re which Surrey possesses,Objects of an tiquarian in terest are n ot yet exhau sted
,while the cor
dial ity with which t he Members have been everywhere received, issatisfactory eviden ce that t he objects of t he Society are gen eral lyappreciated.
R EPO RTS OF PR O CE EDINGS.
THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, in accordan ce wi t hRu le XML
,t o receive and con sider t he Report of t he Coun cil on t he
state of t he Society, and t o elect t he officers for t he en su ing twel vemon ths, was held in t he Coun cil -room,
Dan es Inn , Strand, onWedn esday,t he 19 th of July, 18 7 1.
JOSHUA W. BUTTERWORTH, Esq.
,in t he Chair.
The Chairman having read t he n o t ice con ven ing t he m eeting, requestedt he Hon orary Secretary t o read t he fol lowing Annual Report
A review of what t he Society has accompl ished in t he last few yearsassures t he Coun cil that this, their Eighteen th Ann ual Report
,w il l be
favourably received by t he mem bers. They have succeeded,by t he
publ ication of t he secon d part, in completin g t he fifth volume of theirCol lection s
,
’
which they trust w il l be con sidered n o t in ferior t o t he
preceding, n or u nworthy t he atten tion of i t s readers . In i t w il l be
fou nd an il l ustration of on e of those works of art n ow very rare inthis coun try. Mediaeval frescoes , or wal l - pain tings, sel dom escaped t hedestroying hand Of those engaged in t he in troduction of t he Reformed
rel igion . Fortunately, t he in teresting specim en in Chaldon Church wasn ot obl iterated
,bu t on ly con cealed fromview by a covering ofwhitewash
an d t he Coun cil congratu late themselves on their successful efforts inrestoring it , while t he m embers are deeply indebted t o t he able pen of
John Green Wal ler, Esq ,for an elaborate paper on i t , as wel l as on wal l
pain tings in gen eral . Al though this Operation has proved a heavy t axon t he fin an ces
, yet t he Coun cil are of opin ion that t he fun ds of t he Societycou ld n ot be m ore advan tageou sly emp loyed than in preserving a perfectrecord of so importan t an example of t he rel igiou s art of our an cestors .
TO Maj or Heales,F.S A. , an d also t o Gran vil le Leveson -Gower
,
Esq , t he Society is indebted for some of t he il lustration s in t hevolum e.
The An nual Excu rsion t o Nut field an d Bletchingley last year, concluding wi th t he hospitable reception of t he m embers and their friendsat Pendel l Court by George Macleay, E
s
q , was thoroughlyappreciated by a n umerou s company.
Valuable publ ication s by t he Societies in U n ion con tinue t o bereceived, by which t he library of t he Society is con siderably in creased.
VOL. v i . b
of assets and l iabil ities,wil l exhibit t he satisfactory condition of t he
affairs Of t he Society
To the COUNCIL of the SURREY ARCIIE OLOGICAL SOCIETY.
GENTLEMEN,
W e,t he u n dersign ed Auditors of your Society, having exam in ed
t he books of you r Secretary, an d compared t he accoun ts w ith t he
vouchers,fin d t he sam e t o be correct. And we also w ish t o report that
t he books have been kept in a very satisfactory m an n er.
(Sign ed)‘C . H . ELT,
‘GEO. CURLING,
‘GEORGE RUSSELL FRENCH.
‘COMMITTEE ROOM, 8 , DANEs INN,2 l s t Jun e
,18 7 1 .
The fol lowing eight m embers of Coun cil , who wen t ou t by rotation ,were re- elected, with a vote of thanks for their s ervices .
CHARLES BAILY, Esq.
JOSEPH JACKSON HOWARD, Esq ,LL.D.
,E.S.A.
CUTHRERT JOHNSON,Esq.
EDWARD BASIL JUPP, Esq ,F.S.A.
W ILLIAM W ILLNER POCOCK,Esq A.
HENRY RICHARDSON, Esq.
SEYMOUR TEULON, Esq.
EUSTACE ANDERSON, Esq.
The Honorary Secretary was sol icited t o take ofli ce for another year,accompan ied by t h e best thanks of t he m embers for his em in en t servicesdu ring several past years t o which Mr. Austin assen ted .
The Au ditors were re- elected,with a vote Of thanks for their careful
invest igation of t he accoun ts.
John Green Wal ler,Esq ,
was elected an hon orary m ember.I t was suggested by on e of t he m embers that in fu ture i t wou ld be
desirable t o have t he Ann ual Ex cu rsion earl ier in t he year. I t was
observed that t he m on th of Augu st, though conven ien t t o m any, was
n ot so t o al l,bu t
,by having i t , at least al ternately, early and late in t he
year, m u tual accomm odation wou l d be afforded.
The Chairman un dertook that t he suggestion shou l d receive t he attention of t he Coun cil .
With a vote of thanks t o t he Chairman,t he proceedings term inated.
A GENERAL MEETING of t he m embers was held on Thu rsday, t he 3rdof August, 18 7 1, a t Cran leigh.
The ren dezvou s was at Gu ildford station,from when ce t he m embers
(1 their friends proceeded by t he Guildford and Horsham l in e t o
Bayn ard’
s station,where carriages w ere in atten dan ce t o convey them
t o Rudgw ick, a short in terval being first al lowed for t he company t opartake of refreshmen t.In Rudgwick Church, W . W . Pocock, Esq , explain ed
t he architectural des ign of t he bu i lding an d it s history, reading al so
from t he regis ter several curious en tries relative t o t he customs of t he
Alfold Church was n ex t visi t ed , and a paper, which wil l be found at
page 11 of this volume, was read by Ralph Nevil l, Esq.
From thence t he party proceeded t o Cran l eigh Chu rch, in which MajorHeales
,read a paper, which is al so prin ted at page 21.
A m ove was then made t o t he Surrey Coun ty School s . The companybeing assembled in t he din ing-hal l
,R. A . C . Godwin -Austen ,
Esq ,
read a deed of conveyan ce of t he man or Of Shere, dated in t he firstyear of Hen ry VII.
’
S reign .
HENRY FREDERICK NAPPER, Esq ,of Loxwood, exhibited a Book of
P receden ts in Eccl esiastical an d C ivil Law,of which he gave t he
fo l lowing accoun t
The book is a col lection of civil law form s,and processes in use in
t he Spiritual Cou rts, and som e other m atters and docum en ts conn ectedw ith t he practice of t he civi l law
,with tables of fees payable on variou s
occasion s. Apparen tly i t was a preceden t-book of som e registrar or
official, or possibly a proctor con nected with or practising in t he
diocese of Gloucester, as many of t he documen ts i t con tain s relate t othat diocese
,an d others t o t he con tiguou s diocese of Bath an dWel ls.
Among t he places m en tion ed are Bitton , Brockworth , Dean ’
s Coln e,Miserden , Standish, U ley, an d Wheathil l or Wheaten -hi l l : bu t otherplaces are in dicated on ly by in itial s and that is alm ost throughou t t hecase w ith regard t o t he n ames of person s . The dates exten d from 1625
throughou t t he seven teen th cen tu ry, and som e documen ts are as late as
17 13. There are indexes, bu t on ly t o poin ts of law,as u sual in books of
this n atu re . Many portion s are wel l an d plain ly written bu t , as m ostOf t he forms are in Latin and abbreviated, others when il l writtenrequ ire con siderable study t o decipher. The handwriting includes al l
t he varieties in u se from t he reign of Queen Elizabeth down t o t heengrossing hand of t he modern law offices .
It is a smal l fol io of m ore than 500 pages, bound in rough cal f,and
marked on t he side an d back Iibt r g .
The history of it s presen t own ership may be traced thus. Myw ife
’
s eldest brother, Mr . John Heat hfield Den dy, was a law studen t,
very much devoted t o his profession,an d brought him sel f t o an early
grave by sheer hard study. He appears t o have been al so a lover ofan tiquities, for besides t his book I find in his col lec t ion Camden
’
s
Bri tan n ia, and several other rare volum es,and t he probabi l ity is, I
think, that this book was picked up by h im at some London book - stal l .He died in t he year 1829, and by his wi l l left h is books and MSS. t o
h is father, who wrote his n ame in it,
‘Arthu r Dendy,
Having thu s given t he best relation I can of t he history of t he book,I wil l proceed t o read t wo ex tracts from i t
,which at t he presen t time I
bel ieve t o be of con siderable importan ce,and therefore ought t o be
made publ icly known . At p. 163 occurs Copia actus locat ion is
Copy of t he Act for placing t he Lord’
s Table in t he Church OfS t . Gregory, in t he C ity of London .
On which aforesaid day an d place t he Revd. Professors Dr.Win n ifi'
e
and Dr. King, being t he ordinaries of t he place,first cal l ing t o m ind
t he Apostle ’
s word that in t he chu rch of God al l things be don edecen tly, and perceiving m oreover how in decen tly, if n ot rather profan ely, arou n d t he Lord’
s Table (on which are accu stomed t o be
con secrated t he m ost holy Sacram en t of t he Body an d B lood of our
Lord, an d divin e mysteries celebrated,) things were en acted in tim es
past, as som e person s were n ot ashamed t o si t on i t,others t o wri t e
,
others t o tran sact there other and perhaps s t il l viler m atters Of busin ess,distinguishing n othing or l ittle between t he Lord’
s Table and a profan eor con vivial table therefore t he said Revd. P rofessors, W ishing t o
preven t so great evil, an d desiring t o preserve
,as becomes Christian s,
t he sanctity of that place un defiled—decreed,appoin t ed, and ordain ed,
in m an n er fol lowing, t o wi t : That in fu ture t he said Lord’
s Table,ex ten ding lengt hways from n orth t o sou th
,shal l abu t upon whol ly an d
tou ch t he east wal l Of t he chan cel of t he said chu rch,and that between
t he said wal l and t he said table n on e shal l be able hen ceforth eithert o si t
,stand ,
or kn eel . Moreover,t he said Revd. Professors ordain ed
that t he said table so (as aforesaid) placed, located, an d affixed, befen ced aroun d on all sides wi t h a form or rails
,
1and
“set at a con ven ien t
distan ce t o be m arked ou t by t he warden s of t he said church,an d t o be
separated from t he remain ing part of t he said chan cel . Lastly, theyordain ed that n either their comm issary in t he Ecclesiastical Courts , t obe held by h im in t he said church
,n or t he parishion ers in their
m eetings abou t parish and chu rch m att ers,shou l d then ceforth be ab le,
dare, or presume t o u se in any m an n er t he said Lord’
s Table, bu t thati t shou ld be reserved and appropriated on ly for t he celebration of t he
most holy sacramen t for t he time t o com e.
’
A t p. 167 is en tered t he fol lowing extract from t he Register of t hePrivy Coun cil
An Order by t he Ki ng’
s m ost Excel len t Mat l e and Privie
Coun cel l about t he placing of t he Comm un ion Table of
S t . Gregories Chu rch, Lon don,
and publ ished in t he said
Church.
A t Whitehal l,t he thi rd Of November
,1633 .
I Sea/mine seu tabu la t is circum t ex t a secundum dist an t iam con
ven i en t em e t ab oeconom is seu gardiani s dicta: Ecclesiae designandumundequaque mun iat ur.
’
REPORTS OF PROCEEDINGS. XV
Presen tThe King’
s most Excellen t Mane.
Lo. Archbpp Er. of BridgewaterLo. Keeper Er. of Carl isleLO. Trear LO. NewburghLo. Priv ie Seale Lo. Cot t ingt on
Lo. Duke of Len ox Mr . TrerLO. Highe Chamberlain e Mr. Comptrol lerEr. of Mar/shall Mr. Secretary CookeLo. Chamb. Mr. Secretary Windeban ckeThis day was debated before h is Ma
t le sitting in Coun sel l, t heques t ion an d differen ce which grew abou t t he removing of t he Com
m un ion Table in S t . Gregories Chu rch n eere t he Cathedral Chu rch of
St . Pau le, from t he m iddle of t he Chaun cel t o t he upper end,there
placed al tarwise in such m an n er as i t stan deth in t he said Cathedraland Mother Chu rch (as al l so in al l other Cat hedral ls and in h is Ma
t l es
own chapel ) and as is con sonan t t o t he practice Of approved an t iqu i t ie
which removal l an d placing thereof in that sort was don e by order oft he Dean e an d Chapter of S t . Pau les (who are Ordin aries there) as wasavowed before his Mat l e by Mr. Dr. King and Mr. Dr. Mon tford t wo of
t he Prebends there. Yet some few of t he Parishioners (being bu t fivein n umber) did complain e of this Ac t by Appeal e t o t he Court of
Arches, pretending that t he Book of Comon Prayer 8 2. Can on doc
give perm ission t o place t he Com un ion Table where i t may stand witht he m ost fitn ess an d con ven ien cie. Now his Ma
t l e having heard a par
t icu lar relation made by t he Coun sel l of both parties of al l the carriagean d proceedings in this cau se
,was pl eased t o declare his disl ike of al l
Inn ovation s and receding from aun t ien t con stitu tion s groun ded u ponj ust and warran table reason
,especial ly in matters con cern ing Eccle
siast ical l orders and governmen t,kn owing how easily m en are drawn e
t o affect n ovel ties,an d how soon weake judgmen ts m ay in such cases
be overtaken an d abu sed. And he was also pleased t o observe thatif those few parishion ers m igh t have their wil l , t he differen ce herebyfrom t he Cat hedral l Mother Chu rch , by which al l other Chu rches depending thereon ought t o be guided and directed
,wou ld be t he m ore
n otorious,an d give m ore subject of discourse and dispu tes that m ight
be spared by reason of t he n earn ess of St . Gregories stan ding cl ose
t o t he wal l thereof. And l ikew ise that for so much as con cern eth t hel ibert ie given by t he said Comon Pray er Book or Can on for placingt he Commun ion Table in any Chu rch or Chaun cel with m ost con
con ven ien cie, that l ibert y is n ot so t o be unders t oode as if i t were l eftt o t he discretion of t he parish, m uch lesse t o t he fan cie of any particu larhumourous person bu t t o t he judgmen t of t he Ordinary t o whoseplace and fun ction i t doth properly belong t o give direction in thatpoin t for t he thing itsel f and for t he tim e when and how long as he
m ay find cause. Upon which con sideration s his Met l e declared him sel f
that he wel l approved and confirmed t he act of t he said Ordinary ;An d also gave comandmen t that if those few parishion ers before
Con cordat cum original i .J . DICKENSON.
’
The reason why I think these entries ought t o be made publ ic n ow
is that this case is referred t o in t he recen t judgm en t in t he Pu rchascase— bu t there as an au thority for a moveable table, whereas youw il l probably n ot have failed t o com e t o t he con cl usion that i t is qu itet he reverse, an d is in fact an au thority for a fix ed tab le . I t wou l d be
ou t of place t o m ake any comm en t u pon i t here,for i t m ight produce
differen ce of Opin ion . Bu t I may m en tion,as m atter of history, that
t he Lord A rchbishop m en tion ed in t he King’
s order Of 1633 was Laud,who was m ade Archbishop on ly three m on ths before (in t he precedingAugu st), t he firs t proceedings for t he rem oval and in closing round t hetable having probably commen ced when he was Bishop of Lon don
,and
perhaps at his in stigation .
It wou ld appear that before this t he table was whol ly un fen ced.
Therefore there cou ld be n o pecu l iar san ctity in side of commu n ion rail swhen they did n ot ex ist. I would al so poin t ou t that i t does n ot fol lowbecause on ly five person s in t he parish w ere foun d w il l ing t o indulge int he expen sive luxu ry of a law su i t w ith t he Dean an d Chapter, thattherefore on ly five disapproved of t he proceeding appealed again st.On t he con trary, there may have been five hundred, or t he whol e parish .
Bu t these five were probably wel l - t o-do m erchan ts or traders who w ereable and w i l l ing t o in cur som e cost in defen ce of t he Reform ed rel igion .
A ssociation s and j oin t - stock compan ies for t he express pu rpose of goingt o law were n ot then in ven ted. And i t wou ld al so appear that a spiri tof l egal resistan ce was then on foot, wh ich soon afterwards, when i l legalin croachmen t s began t o be m ade by t he Crown ,
broke ou t in to thatactive resistan ce which in t he end led t o m ost lam en table resu l ts .
As an i l lustration I m aym en tion an other con tem poran eous in stan ce.
I t does n ot fol low because John Ham pden was t he on ly person found t oresist in a legal way t he arbitrary deman d of Ship m on ey, that thereforehe was t he on ly man who bel ieved i t i l legal . On t he con trary, theremay have been ,
and probably were, thou sands of t he sam e Opin ion,bu t
n ot wil l ing, for a trifling am oun t,t o in cu r a lawsu it w ith t he Crown ,
w ith judges of doubtfu l in tegrity t o decide their cases.
”
An other documen t from t he same volume; being t he form of l icen singa coun try Schoolmaster in t he diocese of Bath and Wel ls
,
1 wil l be read
1 T.,t he in itial with which t he documen t begin s , does n ot apply t o
an y Bishop of Bath andWel ls between Thomas Godwin,who died in
15 90, and Thom as Ken
,con secrated in 1685 . As t he date 1625 occu rs
in t he opposite page, this licen ce is probably t o be referred t o t he reignof El izabeth .
REPORTS OF PROCEEDINGS. xvii
wi th in t erest, if on ly as a con trast t o t he more gen eral measures t akenin t he presen t day for t he promotion of education
Lieen tia ad erudz'
endos paeroa (p.
T. et c. dil ecto n obis in Christo A . B. in Art ibu s Baccleo salu t em
in Dom in o sempit ern am . Cum n ihil m agis Reipublicae expediat quam
ad discipu lorum m oderat ion em puerosque l it eris imbuendos v irisexplorat ae erudit ion is et in t egri tat is adapt ari , Tibi quem ad hujusmodi fun ct ion em t am doctrin a in st ru ct um t am m oribu s idon eum com
perimu s, Gramaticas rudim en ta et quaecumque ad Gramat icem spect are
possin t publ ice edocendi juxta institu ta et leges huju s in cl iti regn iAn gli ae, dummodo id m un u s sobrie et cum corum fruct u qu i tibit raden t ur
,ad Dei opt . max . gloriam et Reipubl icae commodum gesseris,
per t otam n ost ram Diocesim et Jux116m l B . et W . vel infra parochiam de
B . diocesis predictae et n on al ibi t en ore presen t ium facu l t at em specialem
imper t imur. In cujus rei, et c.
”
A second Licen ce of t he same class (p . 68) mu st be of t he time of
Archbishop Laud,t he first prelate of t he n am e ofWil l iam that had
occupied t he see of Can terbury sin ce t he death ofWarham in 1532.
Licencia. ad em diendos pueros in alphabeta et li terie Anglia
Wil l iam,by t he grace and providen ce of God, LO. Archbpp. of
P rimate and Metropol itan e of al l England, t o whom al l Ju risdiction Spirit uall and Ecclesiast ical l during our Met ropol i t ical l
Visitation doth of right belong an d appert ain e, To or wel l -beloved inChrist, &c.
,sendeth Greeting in Or Lo. God everlasting. These are
upon credible report and certificate in that behel fe m ade of yor hon est
conversation,zeale in rel igion , and discretion , t o l icen se and au thorize
you t h’
aforesaid A . B. according t o yor talen t and habil it ie t o exercisean d keepe a Scoole w thin t he said parish of W . ,
for t he teaching,trayn ing upp, and in struction of Children in writing an d reading of t he
Engl ish t ounge, an d t he Cat echism e or Prymer in Engl ish, or some
other godly English booke m eet e an d n ecessary t o be read un to youngchildren at their first en tran ce t o kn ow ledge and understanding. WhichoIr Licen ce we wi l l shall so long stand in force and effect as you shal lsoberly and hon estly behave yofsel fe in t he said fun ction or ofiice of a
Scoolem r t o t he profit of such you th as shal l be comm itted t o yol‘ governm en t
,and as t o us shal l seeme good and expedien t, an d not longer n or
otherwise. In wi t n es whereof wee have cau sed t he scale, cit e.
”
Soon aft er (in p. there fol lows A l’
ce t o preach in t he Metro“
pol it ical l Visitacion . It was addressed t o the divin e selected t o preachin t he cathedral church of Gloucester, and commen ces thus Mr . A.
My Lo. Archbpp. of Can t? his Grace’s Met ropolit ical l visitation is
1 Ju risdict ion em ?VOL. VI .
Jun e was a Tuesday.
JAMES PARK HARRISON,Esq , M .A.
,con cluded t he proceedings with
a description of a Vicinal Road whi ch passed through Ewhurst, whichw il l be found
,il lu strated by m aps
,at page 1 .
Before l eaving t he Schools, a view of t he Memorial Chapel attachedthereto, was taken . The com pany then adj ou rn ed t o t he col lation
,
which was provided in a marqu ee which A lbert Napper,Esq ,
had
kindly al lowed t o be pitched in a meadow adjoin in g his residen ce.
JOHN GOUGH N ICHOLS,Esq ,
occupied t he Chair. The u sual
loyal toasts were proposed, together w ith “Success t o t he SURREYARCHfEO
LOGICAL SOC IETY,
” “The Hon orary Secretary,” “The Chairm an,
”an d
“The Ladies .
”A Special train was in attendan ce at Cran leigh station
t o con vey t he company t o Gu ildford, from when ce they took train s orvehicles t o their respective destin ation s
,having spen t an agreeabl e day
of pl easure an d in struction .
“Committee Room,8,Danes Inn , 7 th May, 187
To t he Council of t he Surrey Archaeological Society.
We, t he undersigned, being t he du ly appointed auditors of
your Society, have, in accordance ‘
with our duty, careful ly examined
t he books of your Secretary, and, having compared t he accoun t s and
vouchers therewith,find t he same t o be correct.
We likewise desire t o accord our ex t rem e satisfaction with t heexact and excellent manner in which t he same have been kept.
“C . H. ELT.
GEO. CURLING.
It was moved, seconded, and unan imously carried t hat this Reportbe adopted
,printed
,and circulated.
The Patron,President, and Vice-Presidents were re-elected.
The fol lowing eight members of Coun cil, who went ou t by rotation ,were re- elected
REGINALD BRAY, Esq ,F.S.A.
The Rev . ARTHUR CAZENOVE, M.A.
The Right Hon . Viscoun t MIDLETON.
THOMAS HART, Esq.
SEYMOUR TEULON, Esq , J .P.
J . R. DANIEL-TYSSEN, Esq , E.S.A .
The Ven . Archdeacon UTTERTON, M.A .
ROBERT A. C. GODWIN-AUSTEN, Esq , F.R.S.
It was moved by t he Chairman, and unan imously seconded
,that t he
Honorary Secretary be invited t o accept t he Office for another year,w itht he Society’
s best thanks for his past services.
Mr. Austen con sen t ed.
George Russell Fren ch, Esq , having, on accoun t of infirmity, decl in edt o act as Auditor, Phil ip Capel Hanbury, Esq , was elected t o fil l t hevacan cy. George Curl ing, Esq , and Charles El t , Esq , were re- elect ccl ,w ith a vote of thanks for their diligen ce in at tending t o t he finan ces oft he Society. A special vote of thanks was also given t o Mr. Fren chfor his past services, accompan ied by a regret that i l l health should havebeen t he cause of his re t iremen t .Frederick Taylor Piggot t, Esq ,
was elect ed an honorary member.\Vi th a vote Of thanks t o t he Chairman
,t he proceedings terminat ed .
of Ju ly, 18 7 3, at Charlwood.
The rendezvou s was at t he Dorking railway-station , from when ce t heparty proceeded in carriages across t he Holmwood t oNewdigate Chu rch,in which Major Heales, read a paper on t he architecture of t he
edifice, wh ich wil l be found at page 268 of this volume. John GoughNichol s, Esq ,
fol lowed with a history of t he famil ies of New
diga t e, which is al so prin ted at page 227 Of this vol ume. A descriptionof t he wal l - pain ting of St . Christopher
,on t he n orth side of t he church ,
was then given by John Green Waller,Esq. The ancien t parish chest,
a spin n ing-wheel , and some iron brackets used in t he last cen tury byt he vil lagers t o hol d t he bu rn ing ru shes for giving l ight instead of can
dles,were exhibited on t he lawn of t he Rectory, and explain ed by t he
Rev . L. Kenn edy. Sir George Gil bert Scott made some Observationson t he structure of t he massive wooden t ower of t he church .
A drive of fou r m iles brought t he company t o Charlwood Church .
On t he south wail of t he n ave is a wal l - pain t ing, which was describedby t he Rector. The subj ect is Les trois vifs et les trois n eufs .
”Sir
George Gilbert Scott poin ted ou t t he beauties and chief architecturalpecu l iarities of t he in terior of t he chu rch. An adjou rnm en t t o t he
lawn of t he Rectory was then made,and under t he shade of wide
Spreadi ng trees, Granvil le Leveson -Gower,Esq ,
read a paperon t he history of Charlwood
,fol lowed by Jchn Wickham Flower, Esq ,
on t he implements of t he drift,il lustrated by n umerous beautifu l
speclmens.
In t he school-rooms adjacen t,t he m embers were hospitably enter
t ain ed by t he Rev. Thomas Burn ingham , M.A.
The usual toasts were drunk,and after an agreeable day’
s pleas ure,al l retu rn ed t o their destinations highly gratified with t he day
’
s
diversion .
THE TWENTIETH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING,in accordan ce with
Ru le XIII,t o receive and con sider t he Report of t he Coun cil on t he
state of t he Society, and t o elect t he officers for t he ensu ing year w as
held in t he Council -room,Dan es Inn
, Strand, on Wednesday, t he 18 t hof Jun e, 18 73.
Ch
GRANVILLE LEVRSON-GOWER, Esq , a Vice-Presiden t,in the
al t .
The Chairman having read t he notice con ven ing t he meeting, re
quested t he Honorary Secretary t o read t he following Report
In presen ting t he Twen t ieth Annual Report t o t he m embers of t heSurrey Archaeological Society, t he Council ven ture t o an ticipate for i tthe usual favourable recept ion .
REPORTS OF PROCEEDINGS. xxiii
For several successive years they have been able t o publish an en tire,or a half- volume of Col lection s, and they have now in t he press t heconcluding part of t he Six th volume of t he same.
The annual excursion of last year, which was devoted t o Newdigateand Charlwood, was pronoun ced by those who have long watched t heprogress of t he Society, t o have been on e of t he most successfu l meetingsi t has ever held, and t he m embers desire t o express their thanks t o t heRev . Thomas Burn ingham,
t he rector,for t he hospitable reception he
gave them . The Coun cil an ticipate a n o less interes t ing gathering at
Mert on in t he en su ing mon th.
In al l works on an tiqu ities, illust ration s are pract ically n ecessary t o
renderzt he subject in t el l igible t o t he readers and t he increased expen seof those given in t he last t wo parts of t he Society’
s Collection s hasthis year rendered t he l iabilities t o be in excess of some former years .To obviate this resu l t, t he Coun cil very earn estly en treat members t ocon tribute t o a larger exten t than they have hit herto don e t o t he
Il lustration Fund.
It is with deep sorrow t hat t he Coun cil advert t o t he loss whichthey have su stain ed in t he death of on e of their oldest and most ablecol leagues. For many years past on e of their most wil l ing and mostuseful con tributors has been t he late Mr. Wickham Flower. His profound knowledge and experien ce of archaeological subjects, especial ly of
those relating t o pre-historic times,was of in calculable advan tage t o t he
Society Whilst t he readin ess with which he u ndert ook t he investigationof any discovery in t he coun ty rendered it many impor tan t services.
The recen t establishmen t of a coun ty museum at Croydon was main lyowing t o his in fluen ce and exertion s.
To Major Heales, t he late John Wickham Flower, Esq ,
Ralph Nevil l, Esq , and Jam es Park Harrison ,Esq ,
M.A.,t he Society is indebted for some of t he illustration s in t he
las t volume.
REPORT OF THE AUDITORS.
Committee Room, 8, Dan es Inn , 1l t h June, 187 3.
To t he Council of t he Surrey Archaeological Society.
We,t he undersign ed, being t he duly appoin t ed Auditors of t he
Society, have, as accords with our duty, carefully exam ined t he books,accoun ts, and vouchers presented t o us by your Secretary, and on com
parison , find t hat the accoun t s are minutely correct.We again desire t o express our en tire sat isfact ion with t he careful
and exact method in which t he books and accounts of the Society havebeen kept by t he Secretary.
0 . H. ELT.
GEO. CURLING.
PH ILIP CAPEL IIANBURY.
The Pat ron , Presiden t , and Vice-Presiden t s were re-elected.
The following eight members of Council,who wen t out by rotat ion ,
were re-elected, with a vote of t hanks for their efficien t managemen t oft he affairs of t he Society
JOSHUAWILLIAM BUTTERWORTH,Esq ,
F.S.A.
EDWARD V . AUSTEN, Esq ,Hon . See.
The Rev . JOHN CHANDLER,M.A .
WILLIAM HENRY HART,Esq ,
F.S.A.
Major E RALES, F .S.A .
JOSEPH JACKSON HOWARD, Esq ,LL.D.
CUTIIRERT JOHNSON,Esq.
EDWARD BASIL JUPP, Esq ,F.S.A.
The Hon orary Secretary was unan imously re elec t ed for t he ensuing
year, with a cordial vote of thanks for his efficien t services.
The three Auditors were re-elect ed.
J . E. Gardn er, Esq ,was elect ed a member of the Council in lieu of
John Wickham Flower, Esq , deceased.
A vote of thanks t o Granville Leveson ‘Gower, Esq ,for his efficien t
conduct in t he Chair terminated t he proceedings.
The VVal l ingt on and Carshalton stations were t he places of meeting,and from then ce t he company proceeded in carriages t o Carshal tonChurch
,where they were m et by t he Rev . W. A. Cator
,t he rector.
Thomas Milbourn e,Esq , commen ced by reading a paper on t he history
and design of t he chu rch 3 fol lowed by John Green Wal ler, Esq ,on t he
brasses and monumen ts in i t . Having partaken of a l ittle refreshmen t,they proceeded t o Merton Chu rch, of which t he Rev . J . Erck is vicar.Major Heales
,read a paper on t he history of Merton Abbey.
Ralph Nevil l , Esq , fol lowed by describing t he chu rch,
poin ting ou t i t s architectural features , in corporating i t s history w ith a
description of t he monumen ts in t he chan cel . Caesar’s Camp, on W imhledon Common , was n ex t visited, on which Robert A . C . Godwin
Austen , Esq , read a paper. The visitors then proceeded,by
invitation , t o t he residen ce of Hen ry Wil l iam Peek,Esq ,
M.P. for
Mid Surrey. In t he orangery on t he lawn an el egan t col lation was prov ided, t he honourable member pres iding, Mrs. Peek having j oin ed t hecompany.
The u sual toasts were proposed, and responded t o. Twen ty- one n ew
members were elected and after enj oying walks among t he beau tifu lflowers and shrubs of this elegan t abode, t he company relu ctan tly re
sumed their seats in t he vehicles t o convey them t o their respectivehomes carrying with them remin iscen ces of on e of t he most successfulexcursions ever made by t he Society.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
(Corrected to October,(D) Those who have been Don ors t o t he Funds or Col lectors t o t he amount of
Five Pounds and upwards .
This denotes Life Compounders .
Abbott, Thomas, Esq ,East Sheen .
Abbott, Thomas, jun . , Esq ,
London .
Abbott,Mrs . East Sheen .
Acworth, G . Brind l ey, Esq ,Rochester.
*Adams, Geo . Esq , Doctors’ Commons.
(D)Alexander, W. C .,Esq ,
I-Iorn sey.
*Anderson , Eustace, Esq , Mortlake .
Anderson , Eu stace , j un . , Esq , Mortlake.
Aston ,W11l 1am,Esq ,
London .
Atkin , Edward , Esq , New - cross .
Atkinson , Henry, Esq ,F .S.A . Petersfield .
Austen , Robt. A . C. Godw1n Esq ,F. R S .
F.G.S . Chi lworth.
Au stin , E. V. ,Esq , Reigate .
*Baggal lay, Sir Richard, M.P .
, Q .CLondon .
Bady, C . , Esq , Camberwel l .Baker, Edward , Esq , Lon don .
Barkley, Charles, Esq ,Croydon .
*Barnard, Herbert,Esq ,
London .
Barton , R. Carrol l , Esq , Lam beth.
*Bateman,J . F .
,Esq ,
Farnham .
Bax,Alfred Rid ley, Esq , Streatham .
Baxter, Robert, Esq ,Reigate .Bayford, Dr . , Albury.
Beaumont,F. , Esq ,
Buckland .Beck, S. A. , Esq , Cheam .
Bennett, Rev. H. Leigh , M.A., Chertsey.
Bevan , Rev . Earnest,Farnhem .
Biggers t afl“, Wl l liam
,Esq Hol loway.Bircham ,
Mrs . Esher.B lake
,Henry, Esq ,
Haslemere .B lore, Ed .,Esq , Lon don .
Bohn , Henry G. ,Esq , Twickenham .
Boldmg, J . P . Esq ,West Croydon .
Bonnor, George, Esq ,
London .
Borradaile, Rev. R , Tandridge.
Bov111, The Rt . Hon . SirWi lham, London .
Brancker,Rev . Henry, M.A. , Thursley.Brandon , Woodthorpe
,Esq ,
Barnes.Bray, Reginal d , Esq , Shere.
*Bremn er, Alex . Bramwell , Esq , London .Brewer, Richard, Esq , Richm ond .
*Bridger, E. Kynaston , Esq , Hampton“Bridges , Rev . A. H. , M.A. , BeddingtBriscoe, Rev. Dr. Nu t field .Broad, S. P . , Esq , Reigate .
*Brodrick, t he Hon . G. , Peper-harow.Brooke, F. C ., Esq , Woodbridge.Brooks,Mrs . Epsom .Brown e, Edward, Esq , Surbiton .
*Buccleuch ,His Grace t he Duke of, KF.R S. Whitehal l .Burdett, Lieut .-Col . Francis, Richmond .Burningham, Rev . Thomas , Charlwood .Burrel l , Jam es F. , Esq , PI im ley.Burt,Mrs . Dorking.
Past Members of t he Council .Burton
,J . Esq ,
Balham .
(D) Bu t terworth, J . W. Esq ,
C lapham .
*Canterbury,His Grace theArchbishop of,D.D. , Lambeth Palace.
Capron , John Rand, Esq , Guildford .
‘iCardale , J . Bate, Esq ,Al bury.
Carless, Thomas
,Esq ,
Richm ond .
Carpenter, Al fred, Esq , Croydon .
Carter,R. Esq , Epsom .
Cazenove, Rev . A. M.A. , Reigat e .
Chaldecott, Arthur, Esq ,Dorking .
*Chambers, Arthur, Esq , C lapham .
“xChambers , Edward, Esq , C lapham .
Chand ler, Rev . John ,M.A. , W
'
i tley.
Chapman,Edwin
,Esq ,Walworth .
Chapman , FrederICk ,Esq , Ban stead .
Chapman,T. H. ,
Esq , Upper Hom erton .
Chapman , Wi lham ,Esq ,
Richmond .
Chat field,Charl es, Esq ,
Croydon .
Chester, Fred . James,Esq ,
Lon don .
Chester, Co lon el J . L. BOImondsey.
C lark, Dr. Dorking.
larke,Thom as M. Esq ,
Richm ond .
leghorn , John , Esq ,Is l ington .
C lutton , John , Esq , Westm inster.C lu t ton
,Robert
,Esq . Re igate.
*Cock, Edward, Esq , Kingston .
Cockburn ,John
,Esq ,
Richmond .
*Cocks,Reginald T. ,
Esq ,Westm inster.
*Cocks , T. Somers, Esq ,London .
Col lambel l,Charles, Esq , Lambeth .
Combe,Captain B . Harvey, F.S.A. Battle .
CongreveJReV. John ,Tooting Graveney.
Cooper, Robert, Esq , London .
Cooper,W. Durrant, Esq , F.S.A. , London .
*Cot tenham , t he Right Hon . t he Earl of,Godstone.
Coupland , A. N. , Esq , Ken sington .
Cox,Herbert, Esq ,
Reigate .
Cree, Thomas,Esq , Brixton .
Cressingham ,J . Esq ,
Carshalton .
Crisp,R Esq ,
Richmond .
rowdy, Rev . Anthony, Titsey.
Crowley, Al fred, Esq. Croydon .
Cubi tt, George, Esq ,M.P . , Dorking.
Cure,Mrs . Capel ,Weybridge .
*Curling, George, Esq , Croydon .
*Curzon , Hon . Sydney Roper, East Sheen .
Cu thell , An drew,Esq ,
London .
Dal by, Dr . , Kenn ingt on .
*Dan iel Tyssen , J . R.,Esq ,Bri ghton .
“7 Dan iel -Tyssen , Amherst, Esq , BrightonDanvers , Juland, Esq , Caterham .
Davies, Thomas White, Esq Barnes .
c onbam ,Edwin
,Esq ,
Reigate .
LIST OF MEMBERS.
De Cerjat , Rev . H. S. West Horsley.
*Devas . Thomas . Esq ,Wimb ledon .
Dingwel l , Charles, Esq . Caterham .
*Dobie, Alexander, Esq , London .
*Dobson , Charles, Esq , Betchworth .
Dodd, Henry, Esq ,l l oxt on .
Doggett, E. G . , Esq , Bris t ol .Down
,James Dundas, Esq , Dorking.
Drew, George Henry, Esq , Bermondsey.
Drew,Beriah , Esq , Streatham .
Drummond , John , Esq , CroydonDunn, Wil l iam,
Esq ,Peckham .
Bedes , Robert, Esq London .
El t, Charles Henry, Esq ,
Isl i ngton .
Elyard, Samu el Herbert , Esq ,Charlton .
W. J . ,Esq ,
Dorki ng.
Evelyn, Rev. Edmund , Dorking .
*Farquhar, S ir Wa lter Rockl iffe, Bart ,Bookham .
Farquhar, James,Esq ,
Re igate.
Fau l coner, R. S. Esq ,W
'
alwort h.Felton
,\Vi l l iam
,Esq ,
Nu t lie ld .
Perrey, Benj . , EsqBayswater.Feat herston , John, jun . ,EsqBirm ingham .
Few,Robert , Esq , Esher.F iggins, Jam es
, jun . Esq ,London .
Fos t er,B irket
,Esq ,
Wi t ley.
Foster, John , Esq Witley.
Francis,George, Esq , Abbot’s Langl ey.
French , G . R.,Esq ,
London .
*Freshfield,Edwin , Esq ,
Reigate .
Frodsham , John Mi l l,Esq ,
Streatham .
*Fu l ler,Francis, Esq ,Westm ins t er.
Gammon , E . B.,Esq , Lambe t h .
Gardn er,J . E. Esq , St . John ’
sWood Park .
Gascoyne , Somers , Esq , Richmond.
George, Edward, Esq , Chaldon .
Giberne , George, Esq , Epsom .
Giles, T. F. Esq ,Ri chmond .
G i l l,Thomas , Esq , Gu il dford .
“Glyn , The Hon . Pascal , Epsom .
Goldsmith,Wil l iam , Esq , Streatham .
Gooch, Rev . J Reigate .
Gordon,W. Macaul ey, Esq , Cambridge .
Gosl ing, J. H. , Esq , Richmond .
Gould, Frederick, Esq . Kingstonupon -Thames .
(D) Gower, Gram ille Leveson EsqTitsey.
Gower, The Hon . Edward , M.P .
,London .
Gower, Art hur Leveson Esq ,London .
Gray, Thomas,Esq , London .
*Grissel l , Thomas, Esq ,
Mickleham .
Guildhal l Library.
*Gurney, Henry Edmund, Esq , Gatton .
Hackett. Miss,Hackney.
* l Ialket t , Rev. D. S.
,Little Bookham .
Hammick, James, Esq , Sutton .
Hammond, Charles, Esq , London .
Hanbury, Phil ip Capel , Esq ,Redhil l .
*Han son , Samuel , Esq ,Ki lburn .
Hare,Thos ,Esq Kingston -upon -Tham es .
Harrison , James P.,Esq , M.A.
,Ewhurst.
Hart, Charles, Esq ,London .
Hart, Thomas, Esq ,Reigate.
(D)Hart,W. H. Esq ,F S.A. , Roshervil le .
Harwood, John , Esq ,Mitcham .
Harwood,W. R. ,Esq ,
Mit cham .
Hawkes,George, Esq , Sutton .
*Hawkins , Rohde, Esq , Dorking.
Hayton , John Dan ie l, Esq , Brix t on .
Haywood , Dan iel , Esq , Clapham .
Haywood, Samuel , Esq , Hampstead(D)Heales , Major
,Streat ham
Heaton,William ,
Esq ,Reigate.
He lme , Thomas , Esq ,Little Bookham
*Hesketh, Robert , Esq , Redh i l l.
IIeWi t t , Al len, Esq ,London .
Hi ll s, Edward H., Esq , Richmond .
Hinges t on, Charles Hi lton , Esq London .
*Hiscocks , A. J .,Esq Wandswo rth .
Hiscoke,J . G . ,
Esq , Richmond .
Hoare, Rev . G. Godstone .
Hodgson , Rev . J . G . , M.A., Croydon .
Hodson,Franc is, Esq , London .
Hooper, Edmund, Esq , Albury.
Hooper,J . Kinn ersley, Esq , Tooting.
*Hope,Mrs . , Dorking.
Hopgood , James,Esq Clapham.
*Hopkyns, D. D. , Esq ,Gu i ldford.
Horne,Edgar, Esq , London .
Horne , Edward, Esq . ,Reigat e .
*Hotham,Rev . H. M.A.
,Cambridge .
owar d, Joseph Jackson , Esq , LL.D.
,B lackheath .
owel l,Charles
,Esq ,
Ful liam .
cwiek,George, Esq . VVandswor t li .
Hudson, G. F. , Esq , Epsom .
udson,Robert, Esq , F.R.S. C lapham .
Hu l l, Mrs .
, Godalm ing .
Hu lme, E. C . , Esq F . Gu i ld ford .
Humbert,Rev . Lewis M. Ch i dd i ng fo ld .
Hylton , The Right Hon . Lord,Merstham .
Ibbs,R. G. Es Leatherhead .
Ingle,Wil l iam ,
(
Esq . Gu i ldford .
Jackson,Wi ll i am Gray, Esq ,
SouthwarkJames
,Major Edward , R.E. , Gu i ldford
Jarvis,Henry, Esq ,
Newington .
Jenn ings, John R.,Esq , Reigate .
“Johnson,Cuthbert W. Esq ,
Croydon .
Johnson,Saf
’feryW. Esq , Wimbledon .
*Jol lands,W. Esq , Lin field .
Jones, Charles Jenkin , Esq , C lapham .
Jones,John , Esq , Richmond .
Jones,Rev . Edward Rhys, Limpsfield .
Jupp,E. B . , Esq ,
Blackheat h .
Kennedy, Rev. Lan celot S. , Newdigate!*Kent, Robert, Esq , M.A. , Stanwel l .Kershaw,W. W. , Esq , M.D.
,Kingston
upon -Thames .
King, F . J. Esq ,Reigate .
Kn ight, J . H. , Esq , Fari i ham .
Lain son, Henry, Esq , Reigate.
Lambert,Miss
,Lon don .
Lambert , George, jun . Esq , London .
Lambert, Henry, Esq ,Blechingley.
Lambert, Thomas,Esq , London
Lance,J. H. , Esq , Dorking.
Lashmar, Charles, Esq , M.D. ,
Croydon .
Lawrence, Lady Trevor, London .
LIST OF MEMBERS.
*Leaf, Wi l l iam,Esq ,
Streatham .
Lees , John , Esq , Reigate.
Legg, George Esq , Lee ,
*Lennard, Colonel, BeckenhamLocke, John , Esq , .M P . ,
.Q C London .
The Right Hon . t he Earl of,
Ripley.
Lower, Edward W. , Esq Guildford .
*Lytton Bul wer, Captain W. E. G. , EastDereham .
Macleay, George, Esq , Blechingley.
*Macken sie, John H. Esq , Wal l ington .
MeRae,Robert, Esq ,
Wandswort h .
Malthus,Rev . Henry, M.A. ,
Efiingham .
Martin,Ri chard
,Esq , Caterham .
Master, 0 . Hoskins, Esq , Godstone.
Masters, J. R. ,Esq , London .
Matheson, Archibal d, Esq. GuildfOi dMatthews, Rev. Richard B. ,
M.A., F.S.A
Shal ford .
Maudslay, Henry, Esq , C .E. , London .
Maybank, John Thomas , Esq , DorkingMayo, Rev . Theodore, Dorking.
M‘Ni ven,Charles, Esq , Godston e.
Mel lersh , Frederick, Esq , Reigate .
*Metcalfe,Walter C . , Esq . Epping.
Midleton , The Right Hon . Viscount,Peper-Harow.
Mi l bourne , Thomas, Esq ,London .
Mil lar,John , Esq , Richmond .
Mi l l s,Alexander
,Esq , Godalming.
Mitchener, E. A. , Esq ,London .
Molyneux, J .More ,Esq .,F. S.A. ,Guildford .
Molyneux , Mrs .,Gu i ldford .
Mon son , The Right Hon . Lord,Lincoln .
Moon , Rev . E. Graham , Leatherhead.
Moon , John , Esq ,London .
Morland, Thomas, Esq , Reigate.
Morrison , George, Esq ,Reigate.
Moysey, R. Esq , Leyt on st on e.
Murray, Mrs . R. H. Byfleet .
Nash,Wi ll iam
,Esq. Arun del .
Neal George, Esq. Mert on .
Nsal de John , Esq. Guildford.
Nel son , C . C . Esq ,
London .
Nevil l,Ralph
,Esq , London .
Nevi l l ,Wil l iam ,Esq , Godalming.
*Newman , James Henry, Esq , Dorking.
Newton,A. G. Esq , Richmond .
Nichol s,J . Gough, Esq ,
Dorking.
Norris, James, Esq , Blechingley.
Norris,Mrs . , Blechingley.
Nor they , Edward R. Esq ,Epsom
Noyce, George , Esq , Richmond .
O’
Flahert y, Rev. Theobald R. M.A.,
Dorking.
Onsl ow, Mrs . , Clandon .
*Onslow, Gui ldford , Esq M.P , Alresford .
*Ouvry, Frederic, Esq , London .
Pain e, Corn elius, j un . Esq . Kingston
upon -Thames .
Paine,Mrs . J . M. Farnham .
*Paine, Wi ll iam Dunkley, Esq. ReigateParbury, George, Esq . Caterham .
Parker, C. G.,Esq S t oke Newington .
Parkinson, J . H.,Esq East Sheen .
xxxi
Pearson , John L. ,Esq ,
London .
*Peek
,HenryW. Esq ,
M.P . ,Wimb ledon .
Peele, John Bran dram ,Esq , Chertsey.
Penfold, J W. , Esq , Wes tminster.Pentelow, Wi ll iam , Esq ,
Richmond .
*Peroy, The Right Hon . Earl , Gui ldford .
Phil l ips, Henry, Esq , Walworth.Phill ips, Henry L. Esq , London ,
Phill ips,Ben jamin , Esq ,
London ,
Pi lcher, H. D Esq , London .
Pilcher, John Dendy, Esq , London .
Pi lcher,J. G. ,
Es Egham .
P i nckard,Mrs . C iddingfold.
P itts, Miss, Mortlake,
*Plewes, J . H.,Esq , London .
*Pocock,W. W. Esq , Guild
ford.
*Pott, Arthur, Esq , Southwark.
*Pott, Wil l iam ,Esq , Southwark .
! Powell , Arthur, Esq ,Dorking.
Powel l, Rev. J . W. S. M.A. , Ab inger.Price
, Lieut. -Col . W. Richmond .
Price,CharlesW. Esq ,
Putney.
Pugh, Thomas B less, Esq , Clapham .
Quare, Horace, Esq , Forest Hi l l .
Randolph, Rev. J. H. Sanderstead .
Ranyard, S. , Esq ,Kingston -upon -Tbam es .
Raphael,Edward, Esq , Thames Ditton
Rate, L. M. Esq , Dorking.
*Rawl in son , Major-Gen eral Sir Henry C . ,
K.C .B,London .
Richardson , Henry S . ,Esq , Greenwich .
Richardson , James, Esq ,TunbridgeWe l ls.
Ri ckards,E. J Esq ,
Leatherhead .
*Rigge, Henry, Esq , Coombe Hil l .Roberts
,T. A. Esq , Clapham Park.
Roberts, Richard, Esq , C lapham Park .
Robertson , Jam es, Esq ,London .
Robinson , Thomas L.,Esq ,
Croydon .
Rogers, Rev. E. H. , Tham es Di t ton .
Rogers, Edward Dresser, Esq , Southwark.
Roots, Augustus , Esq , Westm in ster.! Roots, George, Esq , B.A. , Westm inster.
*Rose, Col . SirW. A. , Upper Tooting.
Roupel l , Rev . Francis R ,Walton .
Russel,Mrs . E. S. , Streatham .
Russe ll, George, Esq , Betchworth .
Rymer, Samuel Lee, Esq , Croydon .
Sachs, John , Esq ,London .
Sadler,James, Esq , Chi ddingfol d .
St . Leonards, The Right Hon . t he Lord,P.C. LL.D. ,
Thames Ditton .
Salwey, Colonel Henry, Egham .
*! Sass, HenryWil l iam, Esq .
Sandel l, Richard, Esq , Brixton .
Saunders, Wil liam Wilson, Esq ,
Reigate .
Saunders, George , Esq ,Reigate.
Scott, Benjam in , Esq ,F.R.S. Weybridge .
Scott , Sir George Gi lbert , God
stone.
Searight, H. Esq , London .
Sebastian , Louis , Esq , Merstham .
Sharp, James, Esq , Sou t hwark.
Sharp, Samue l , Esq ,Chilworth .
Shel ley, Mi ss F. Redhi l l .
Shepherd, Rev . Henr Chaldon.
Sim , John C . , Esq ,orbi t on .
Sim,Malcom O Esq ,
Norb it on .
Sim ,FrederickW. Esq ,
Norb i t on .
S immonds, John W. ,Esq ,
LambethSimmonds , John , Esq ,
Godalm ing .
Simpson , Henry, Esq ,Southwark .
Sim s , Josepb , Esq , Richm ond .
Smal lfield, J . S. , Esq ,London .
Smee,Al fred, Esq ,
London .
Smee,Lieut. -Gen eral \Valter, Reigate
Smi th, Charles Joseph, Esq ,Reigate .
*Sm ith, Arthur Talbo t , Esq. Eas t Sheen .
*Sm ith,Henry Porter, Esq.
East Sheen .
Sm ith , George, Esq , VVandswort h .
*Sm i t h,John
,Esq ,
Dorking .
*Sm ith, John Hen ry, Esq , Croydon .
Sm ith, Mrs . Newman , London .
Sm ith,T. S. Esq ,
Wandswort l i .
Sne l l , Rev. W. Midd leton, M.A., Cam
bridge.
Snooke,Wil l iam , Esq , Southwark .
*Sprange, Augustus, Esq ,Reigate .
Squire, Mi ss,London .
Steele, Joseph, Esq ,Croydon .
Steven s, J . J Esq , Southwark.
Sti lwel l , Jam es J . R. , Esq , Has lemere .
Stock, Henry, Esq , Sou t hwai k.
St urmy, Herbert, Esq , Southwark .
*Sumner, The Righ t Rev . Bishop,Farnham Castle .
Sumn er, Mort on , Esq , Puttenham .
Style , Arthur,Esq , Thame s Di tton .
Tayler, W. , Esq Barnes .
Tebb,R. Esq Bri xton .
*Teu lon , Seymour, Esq ,Limpsfield .
Thorn, Al exander, Esq ,Wandswor t l i .Ti l leard , John , jun .
,Esq ,
UpperTooting.
Tri ngham , Rev. Wi ll iam,Busbridge ,
Tritton, Henry, Esq , Beddington .
Rev. Robert , Morden .
gloat i ngmatters.
B igsby, Robert, Esq ,LL.D.
,Peckham .
Bloxam,Matthew l i olbeche, Esq .
Rugby.
Bruce,Rev . J . Col lingwood,LL.D.
,
Newcast le -upon -Tyne .
Franks , AugustusW. Esq , M.A.,British Museum .
Graves, Rev . James, B.A.
,St oneyford,Kilkenny, Ireland .
Griffi t h ,W.Pet t i t ,Esq F.S.A.,F.R. I.B.A.
London .
Hardy, Sir Thomas Duffus,London .
Hugo, Rev . Thomas.M.A. ,Hackney.
James, Maj . -Gen . Sir H. Southampton .
M‘Dougal l , Lieut. -Colonel , Sandhurst.Piggott, Fran cis T.
,Esq. Cambridge .
Plan ché, J . R. Esq , Co llege of Arms .
Scharf,G . jun . Esq E.S.A London
Scrope,G. Poulct t
,Esq , F.G
Wi lts.Sm ith, Charles Roach,Strood
,Kent.
Thorn s,W. J .
,Esq , London .
Timbs,John , Esq , Gray’
s - inn .
Wal ler, John Green, Esq ,London.
\Vrigh t , Thomas, Esq , M.A. ,Brompton .
Esq ,
Turner, John , Esq ,Wimbledon .
*Twem low,Lieut. -General , Gui ldford.
Ut t er t on , The Ven . Archdeacon, M.A.,Farnham.
Utting, R. B. , Esq , Camden Town .
Vanderpan t , FranC i s,Esq ,Kingston -uponThames .
*Van V0 0 1 st John , Esq F.L.S ,London .
IValmcsley, \V. E. Esq . London .
*Ward, Edward, Esq Pentonvil le.
*Ware, George Esq . Sou t hwai k.
Watney, John , Esq ,{eigat e
Wat ney , Frank , Esq ,London .
Webb, George Di l lon , Esq ,
Putney.
*\Vebb,Henry, Esq , Redhil l .
Webb,Mrs .
,Lee.
\Vebb,Miss , Lee .
VVel lbon i e , Charles , Esq , Camberwel l .Wes tal l
,Edward, Esq ,
Ken singt on .
White,George, Esq ,
Epsom .
*White, George F.
,.Esq Wandsworth .
NVhit e,James
,Esq ,
Dei king.
Whitley. Wil l iam,Esq . Gu i ldford
Widnel l,J . G.
,Esq .
,East Sheen .
VViffen,Mi ss Isal ine, Reigate.
*Wigan , James,Esq ,
Mortlake.
Wigsel l, Colonel , Croydon .
Wil liam s,Richard
,Esq ,
Camberwel lWi lson
,Rev . F . Eas t Horsley.
Wi lson,Corn el iu s Lea, Esq ,
Beckenham .
Wi l son,James H. Esq ,
Brompton .
*\Vi lson,S.
,Esq Becken ham .
Winches t er, The Right Rev . Bishop of,
D.D , F .S.A , London .
“7 1x,Wi l liam
, Esq. t eigat e .
\Vod swor ,t h Rev . G , \Vai l ingham .
W'
ood t li orpe, Edmund,Esq ,
F.R.I.D.A.
,
Lon don .
G . R.
,Esq ,
Barnes .
NVyman,C . W. H. ,
Es q , l—l ighgat e .
*Yates,l i chd .
,Esq ,
Beddington .
Smarties in Saint .
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8,Danes Inn , Strand .
and An t iqu i t ies to the Library and Musenm ofacknowledged .
i n the Council -room,where they are a lways op en
11m g a Iet t inns
ON A VICINAL ROAD WHICH FORMERLY RAN
THROUGH THE PARISH OF EWHURST ,SURREY,
FROM THE STANE STREET AT
ROWHOOK,TOWARDS THE OLD TOWN OR
STATION AT FARLEY, NEAR ALBURY .
BY JAMES PARK HARRISON,ESQ., M.A.
ESIDES the four great Roman roads through Englan d , and their more importan t bran ches , it i s well
kn own that there were n umerous V icin al ways, thememory an d traces of which are fast disappearin g, savewhere they have fortun ately been laid down In maps , ordescribed In coun ty histories .I was in formed some years ago by the rector ofEwhurst
that on e of these min or roads , according to local tradition ,
cros sed a detached portion of the glebe n ear Garbridge ont he Ewhurst and Cran leigh road . It was supposed to havebeen con n ected with the Stan e Street ; but n o steps weretaken at the time to track its course, or ascertain its precisetermin i there was little beyon d what appeared an un cer
tain tradition to lead on e to suppose that t he few ston eswhich were seen in the Sides of a ditch, for a len gth ofabout twen ty- six feet, might n ot have on ce formed partof a disused farm -road ; there were n o flin ts or pebbles,or anything else that could be con sidered distin ctive ;an d n o Roman remain s were kn own to exist either in t heparish or for some miles aroun d it .On making in quiry
,however , in 1869 , I learn t that
flin t s an d flin t like ston es were frequen tly turn ed up byVOL. VI. B
other to Farley, t he well -kn own Roman settlemen t n earAlbury . (See PlateIn the cultivated fields along the in termediate lin e of
coun try , so far as search has been made, bleached fiin t ss‘
coast pebbl e s (t he latter mostly at the Sussex en d) , andhard material s from t he hills , are still to be foun d on thesurface of t he groun d , though more or less scattered, an dthat sometimes over en tire fields , owing to their havingbeen harrowed about, an d thrown by boys to a distan ceat rabbits or other an imals . Were it n ot , then ,
for thecircumstan ce that foun dation materials are m et with indrain s an d watercourses , it would have been difficult to fixon any but an approximate lin e for the road : as it i s , itscourse from field to field in t he parish of Ewhurst has , Ibelieve , been accurately laid down by simply conn ectin gthe places , seldom far apart, where fiin ts an d hill- ston eshave been discovered ben eath the surface by straight lin es .Starting from Rowhook,
the road in its course towardsSomersbury an d Garbridge passed n ear Lem inge Lan e
1 It is supposed that t he works were in operation in Queen El izabeth’sreign . There is n o al lusion t o them in t he coun ty histories, and thereare no remain s of buil dings, &0 .
M a r r o w D o w n s
rog e r
Hea th
0 Som ers bzu y
ROMAN R OAD THF OUGH EWHURST
S ca l e In ch t o a. m i l e
THROUGH THE PARISH OF EWHURST, SURREY. 3
and Berry Field, in the parish Of Rudgwick, an d then ,
Skirtin g Ridge Farm , crossed the Furson Road in to Holbeck Farm in Abin ger, an d then ce in to Hill -house Farmin Ewhurst . Here, after goin g in succession throughseveral arable fields , an d a wood called Barnfield Coppice ,it passed n ear t he east end of Heron Pon d Jl in to MagsWood, where numerous an cien t flin t s , in all respects likethose which are foun d in ploughed fields through whichthe Stan e Street formerly ran , are m et with a foot ormore ben eath t he surface of the groun d .
The road n ext traversed part Of Som ersbury Wood,an d crossed t he Ewhurst Road in to Cox lan d Woods,at a spot where there is a marked break , or return , in
the hedge about sixty feet wide . (See a, Plate II .) Thewidth of the ston e road appears to have been here abouttwen ty feet . It then passed out Of
'
the Coppice by whatappears to have been a causeway leadin g to a win din gbrook, over which it i s to be supposed there was abridge, though there are n ow n o remain s of on e it wasprobably of wood . (See b, Plate II .)This bro ok run s through an Old meadow, formerly,
perhaps , subject to in un dation s , but n ow five or six feetabove the level of t he stream , which has hollowed out adeep chann el for itself in the clay .
The road on the further or n orth side of the brook wasalso raised slightly above the gen eral level of t he meadow,
an d on removing portion s of the turf appeared to havebeen less disturbed than at any other spot, though n o
pebbles or flin t s were n oticed, on ly hard ston es .2
The road n ext crossed two arable fields in which somede rewes
3 have very recen tly been grubbed, an d itsexact course i s in con sequen ce clearly in dicated by t heabun dan ce of hard ston es which have been turn ed upwhere the road formerly passed
,few or n on e bein g foun d
on either Side of its course . (See 0 , Plate II .) —Owing
1 Now drain ed,or rather reduced very mu ch in Size.
2 Flin t s wou ld have been requ ired for t he n eighbouring glass-works.They were doubtless col lect ed for thi s purpose when t he road becam e
disused. See note, p . 7 .
lin e of road .
From Slythurs t it en tered t he Glebe n ear Garbridge,on t he Cran leigh an d Ewhurst highway, where atten tionwas first called to it .Proceeding n orthwards, t he road passed to t he right of
Can vil lVood, first through a meadow called Five Acres ,an d then across two rough pastures belongin g to Con eyhurst Farm
,where remain s are foun d in drain s an d in
open ditches . It then wen t alon g t he west side of anarable field in to some woods belon gin g to VVickhurs tFarm ,
in Cran leigh , a short distan ce to the right ofLemon s Barn .
Owing to t he thickn ess of the underwood an d the unevenn ess Of the groun d in these woods , it i s difficult todecide whether the road ran through them in a straightlin e or n ot .
On emergin g, however, traces are again foun d in drain s ,more especially in an arable field called Eleven Acres an d
from th is poin t it i s said by t he ten an t of the farm to havegon e acrossHorseblockHollow towardsWit hersole Hill . l
Tradition here carries the road roun d t he hill to the
1 A field n ot far from hen ce, in Bowles Farm ,is styled Pon t ams
in t he Cran leigh Ti the Appor t ion Book. A brook run s through i t .
THROUGH THE PARISH OF EWHURST, SURREY. 5
left, through Jelly’s Hollow, on to the waste,
1 over which ,supposin g it to have gon e
‘
in a lin e with its previouscourse up to Withersole, it must have passed throughsome arable fields to the right of Pitt House , an d thenby t he left Of Mayor House to Farley Heath .
From this an cien t site there would doubtles s have beencommun ication with Guildford an d t he Ermin e Street byBradston e Brook an d Lemmon 2 Bridge an d with Farnham perhaps, by Som ersbury (Chin t hurs t ) Hill, Ston eBridge, an d Hillborough ; an d with Dorking by Ston eHill an d Milton Street .3 The gen era l direction of t hehighway from Dorkin g as far as Wotton Hatch poin ts toFarley Heath, an d i s con siderably out of t he course takenby the Dorkin g an d Guildford Railway .
On reviewin g t he n ames which are foun d on or n earthe lin e of road from Rowhook, e y. Rudgewick, BerryField, Lem inge Lan e , Ridge Farm,
Holbeck, Som ersbury
(twice) , Garbridge , Can vil Wood, Lemon’s Barn , Wick
hurst, Bradston e Brook, Lemmon Bridge , all of themwords n ot un frequen tly m et with alon g an cien t roads, itwas at on ce n oticed that Lemin gs Lan e , Lemon
’s Barn ,
an d Lemmon Bridge,occurred at three distin ct poin ts .
The word, however spelt, appears to be iden tical withthe Latin ized form Lem anu s,
” the n ame of t he portformerly existin g at t he termin us of the bran ch road fromCan terbury to t he coast
,n ear Lymn ,
in Ken t . It cans carcely be doubted that t he root is “ lem ,
” or “ lim,
”
a limb or bran ch ; a derivation which appears t he moreprobable from t he fact that there i s a village calledLeming-Bran ch at t he presen t time on t he road lead
ing from the great Roman Way to t he n orth to Alnwick,where we have, apparen tly, both the Saxon word an d itsLatin or Norman equivalen t .However this may be
,Mr . Hodgson , in his History
1 My in forman t was an in tel l igen t labou rer n am ed Lassam . He
remembers t o have heard ol d peopl e speak Of smugglers runn ing theirkegs along t he Rom an Road through Jel ly’
s Hol low.
9 SO cal led in an Old map of Surrey by Bowen , cir. 1720 . It is n ow
Shalford Bridge.
3 There is al so a Broadston e Farm at abou t an equal distan ce fromStan e S t reet and t he Lem ing Road.
of Northumberlan d, expresses an Opin ion that leaman d leming are words very common ly applied toan cien t roads , or places situated n ear them ; e.g. Lemin gLan e in Yorkshire, an d t he High Leme and Low Lemedistricts adjoin ing the Roman road across the river Redeat Risingham .
1
Man n in g an d Bray also, in their History of Surrey,agree with Dr . Gale an d Mr . Denn e in thinking it probable that the public way, or Leman ,
” which termin atedat Stan gate , on t he Thames , gave its n ame to the parishof Lambeth and Dr . Gale , in his Commen tary on t he
Itin erary of An ton in us ,” 3 con siders that Lemington in
Gloucestershire was so called from its situation on a fos sway ; an d also that t he Lacu s Lem an u s derived its n amefrom the Roman road that passed alon g its shores .The same learn ed an tiquary says , with Mr . Hodgson ,
that the old word Leman an d its modern adaptationLemin g an cien tly sign ified a public way , and that t heRoman road from Aldborough to Richmon d (in Yorkshire)was in his time called Lemin g Lan e .
The frequen t u se of this an d other n ames , n ot themselves of Latin origin ,
in con n ection with ackn owledgedRoman ways , i s illustrated by the terms “Watlin g,
”
Ermin e ,”
an d Icken ild , an d the word S tern e,in stead of t he n ames by which those roads were calledby the Roman s . Looking, therefore , at the direction inwhich this an cien t way through Ewhurst appears to haverun , an d t he remarkable straightn ess of its course
,even
if there were a track through the forest in t he directionof Farley previous to the occupation of this part of thecoun try by the Roman s , which is n ot improbable, still itcan n ot, I think, be doubted that t he road was used an dston ed by them . The distan ce when ce flin t s and sea
pebble s must have been conveyed is in accordan ce withthe kn own Roman practice of procurin g wherever they
1 Part II. vol . i . p. 164 .
2 Vol . iii . p. 4 61. In a n ote they say that t he portion of t he Roman
Road between Borough-bridge and Catterick-bridge, in Yorkshi re,was
cal led Lem ing Lan e.
3 Com. An t , p. 85 .
THROUGH THE PARISH OE EWHURST, SURREY . 7
lld be Obtain ed the hardest materials for metalling.dS . Thus on the Stan e Street n ear O ckley there i s ,was un til lately, a tradition that baskets of flin t s wereided alon g files of soldiers from t he Sussex Down s ;1 this
,join ed with the u se of sea-
pebbl es,l would seem
ShoW that the Stan e Street was commen ced an d workedm the Sussex end , chalk-flin t s being procurable atrking, on ly seven miles distan t , which, if the road hadn Open , would doubtless have been used .
The on ly objection which has suggested itself as to t herhurs t Road bein g a Roman way arises from the absen ceany deep ston e substratum along t he lin e . But preely the same absen ce of any thickn ess of ston e fountion i s observable wherever the Stan e Street crosseslt ivat ed fields , between Ockley (Buckin g Hill) andirking ; an d it was owin g to t he experien ce gain ed,Len residen t some years ago in that n eighbourhood,i t I am able to Speak confiden tly as to t he very similararact er of t he traces of the road through Ewhurs t .in sidering, too , the n ecessity there would have been' removin g the foun dation s when the groun d was taken0 cultivation , an d the use that would be made ofmaterial s for making or repairing other roads in a
.y district,2 j oin ed wi t h the fact that some ston es are
ind all along t he lin e up to the San d-hills,I think there
1 be little doubt that it was a s ton ed road , though n ot SO
de or deep a on e as the n eighbouring Stan e Street . Atsame time, if the Roman Way from Can terbury to the
t St , an d t he “Lemin g Ways ” in other parts of thei n t ry, could be shown to have been un ston ed roads ,'t ain ly the derivation of t he word from lam,
” oroky, would have been perfectly applicable to clay roadsthe Weald of Sussex an d Surrey .
See Mr . Bray’
s accoun t of t he Stan e Street in t he Archwologia .
A l so when t he glass-works were in Operation in Som ersbury Wood
,
lch there is reason t o con clude they were some time after t he old
i becam e disused,t he distan ce from which fiin t s and pebbles for
m anufacture of glass wou l d have had t o be con veyed t o Ewhu rst,bably l ed t o t he flin t s being col lected from t he n eighbouring fieldst he u se of these works.
Perhaps twen ty feet of ston e in the middle or at t heside of a wide green way would combin e both mean ingsof the word ; the soft track, as in m any par t s of t hecoun try
, an d abroad at t he presen t time , serving as aSummer road when the season s permitted of its beingused .
From Withersole Hill to Farley, as I men tion ed at theCran leigh meeting, Captain E . Jam es , R .E . , who comman ds t he Ordn an ce district in which t he lin e of coun trybetween t he San d-hills an d Farley is situated, has n ot
been able to satisfy himself that there was any distin ctroad
, t he surface of the heath itself being ston e an d
gravel . After surveyin g t he groun d,however, he came
t o the con clusion that there was a practicable route verymuch in t he l in e in which the road is supposed to haverun . The following extracts , from a letter which CaptainJames has written to me sin ce t he ann iversary meeting ,appear of SO much in terest an d importan ce , coming fromthe pen of an engin eer officer well qualified to Speakon the subject , that I can n ot do better than quote t heprin cipal portion of it
The Weald of Sussex was t he Andreds YVeald,and (with t he
adjoin ing clay district in Surrey) was probably n ever thoroughlysettled by t he Roman s. I t rem ain ed forest
,an d was occupied by t he
aborigin al inhabitan ts . The Roman s,having advan ced by t he Tham es
,
occupied with their ou tposts t he l in e of old British works,facing
sou thwards,on t he san dston e hil ls
,overlooking t he Weald. These
works w ere probably Crooksbu ry, Hil l bury (Pu tten ham ), Hascombe,
Ch in t hu rs t 1 (Won ersh), Holmbury, Leith Hil l , and An st iebury. On
t he sou th of t he Weal d t he Rom an s had establ ished colon ies at Chi
chester, Arun del , Shoreham ,&c.
,and occupied t he n orthern end of t he
Sou th Down s w ith their ou tposts .
The n ex t step was t o conn ect Chichester w ith Lon don,which was
don e by t he Stan e Street. This was a paved road,an d form ed a prin
cipal l in e of traffic,strong guards being posted along i t , and settlem en ts
made on i t .
A t first t he Stan e Street formed t he on ly mean s of commun icationfrom t he n eighbourhood of Chichester and Arun del
,round by Dorking
t o Guildford and Farnham ; an d I suppose that i t con tin ued t o t he
last t o be t he l in e by which merchandise an d heavy traffic was sen t.
1 Called also Somersbury.
10 ON A VICINAL ROAD THROUGH EWHURST, S URREY.
there had been some doubt on my min d whether the roadwen t perfectly straight through Coxlan d . Very recehowever, some time after the sappers had left the n eibourhood, the “rewes , as stated prev iou sly,were grubbedin Lower Barn Field an d Three -Acre Field , an d the direction of t he road up to t he brook clearly revealed . An otherreason for choosing this portion of the route for illust rat ion i s the fact that it i s t he on ly part that has yetbeen met with where much of the foun dation of t h e roadremain s en tire — The scattered ston es shown on the map ,an d t he shaded part of t he road, an d the letterin g, havebeen added by me to the Ordn an ce tracing .
ALFOLD CHURCH .
BY RALPH NEVILL,Esq ,
N tracing the history of this Church I shall en deavouras much as possible to avoid repeatin g such details
as may be readily foun d by the curious in these mattersin the coun ty history of Mann in g an d Bray an d othersimilar works, and shall merely quote therefrom as muchas i s n ecessary to render this Sketch intelligible to thegen eral reader .The livin g is a rectory, in the dean ery of Stoke , valued
in the taxation of Pope Nicholas, A.D. 1291 , at £ 7 . 6s . 8d . ,
- n ot a bad livin g for those times in t he King’s books,t emp . Hen ry VIII . , at £ 6 . 11s . 3d .
In 184 5 the Church was restored un der the presen trector and patron , the Rev . Richard Sparkes , B .A. , Mr .Woodyer being the architect . At that time there wasno N . aisle ; there was a gallery at the west en d an d alsoa lon g cumbrous on e alon g the S . side of n ave, thatquite blocked up the Church .
It appears that when the old theatre at Guildfordwas altered , I believe about 1818 , some en terprisin gcarpen ter of these parts bought up a quan tity of thewoodwork of the seats
, an d with t he permission of therector erected this gallery and sold the pews to residen tsin the n eighbourhood .
A referen ce to the plan will Show the exten t of n ewan d old work . Of course every church that has been so
restored,though it doubtless gain s in u se
cessarily loses much of its archaeologicalin t erest , ,
as on e can n ever be sure what may n ot havedisappeared . In this case
,however
,I think there i s
12 ALFOLD OHURGH.
n othing but praise due to the careful mann er in whichold work has been respected ; it i s unhappily n ot oftenthat the archaeologist can say as much .
There i s n o men tion in Domesday Book of any churchhere ; probably at that time t he lan d was chiefly forest,t he word Al dfold Sign ifying old fold ,
” or en closure forcattle . Dun sfold , Chiddingfold , Burn ingfold, Slin fold ,Dim sfold are Similar n ames in the n eighbourhood . The
n ame i s spelt in various ways , a very common on e being,as still common ly pron oun ced, “Awfold
” it i s so Spelt ont he cover of a Bible used in t he church , an d dated 18 18 .
The earliest men tion Of a church is in the time ofHen ry III . , in a charter of William Longespe, Earl ofSalisbury
,by which he gives t he advowson of Al dfold,
with t he man or of Shalford , to John Fitz -Geffrey, whodied in 1256 . At t he same time t he same Fitz -Geffrey,who was son of Geffrey Fitz -Piers Earl of Essex by asecon d m arriage, became posses sed of t he man or ofShiere . He an d his family played a promin en t part inthe history of the n ext fifty years , his gran dson bein gco- leader with Simon de Mon tfort of the army of t heBaron s at t he battle of Lewes . Their history an d thatof t he succeedin g patron s of Aldfold , all m en of con
sequen ce, may be foun d in Man n in g an d Bray, un der theheadin g of t he Man or of Shiere Vachery. It i s curiou sto fin d such a small ou t - of- the -way place in this man n erconn ected with many of t he n oblest families in En glan dan d most stirrin g even ts that have happen ed here . Ifeel, however, that as their history more properly bel ongsto that of t he man ors men tion ed , I must resist thetemptation to do more than allude to it . As there wasa church here before the time of the Fit Z-Geffreys , Ishould give t he date of the oldest part, which is an
early example of the Early English style, as about 1200 .
Of this date are the S . arcade, the fon t, an d portion s ofthe walls .The sketch of t he in terior shows the character of these
simple early arches the abacus of t he capital has, I Shouldthink, been pared down ,
to i t s presen t form it probablyhad Origin ally some sort of n ecking mould .
14 ALFOLD CHURCH.
N . arcade . At the time the Church was restored , n osuspicion was en tertain ed of the existen ce of these arches ,as they were walled up an d plastered over . During theprogres s of restoration , a workman employed in removingt he whitewash from the walls laid bare part of the ston eof on e of the arches ; t he rector , who was exercising acommen dable supervision , watching for any frescoes thatmight be un covered , caused the investigation s to be con
tin n ed an d the arches as n ow existing were ultimatelylaid bare . The proportion s an d mouldin gs of t he arcadeare in a Simple way extremely good ; the material i s ston e ,an d the work is similar to tha t in Rudgwick Church, inthe adjoin ing coun ty .
The chan cel arch , which I Should date on ly a few yearslater, i s of chalk ; I think it probable that t he materialof an arch of the earliest date was worked up an ew, an d
that t he jambs which are plain an d square , are t he identical jambs of t he earlier arch .
The mouldin gs being in a soft material , are rathermore elaborate than those worked in the hard roughston e of the arcade .
Of this date were probably the doorways, porches ,win dows , an d piscina, which have , however, all beenrestored .
The piscin a is, I am told, a fac- simile of t he origin alon e ; little trace of t he win dows , except t he jambs, wasleft ; t he east win dow was en tirely destroyed an d thespace filled up with a wooden on e of the churchwardenorder .The wooden bell- turret, with its supports comin g down
in side the Church, i s an in terestin g feature : a similararran gemen t i s o ccasion ally to be foun d in all coun tieswhere timber is more abun dan t than ston e . In Essexespecial ly a great variety is to be found .
In this n eighbourhood an example precisely similar inmouldings an d con struction , i s to be seen at Thursley,though there the belfry stan ds in t he middle bay of t hen ave, giving t he church in ternally a cruciform appearan ce . At Thursley there is an arran gemen t of lon git udinal struts from the ordin ary tie-beams, as it were,
ALFOLD CHURCH. 15
forming buttresses to the belfry, that is not, partlyperhaps owing to the differen t arran gemen t, foun d atAlfold . It is a developmen t of a plan adopted at Elstead,the n eighbouring parish . The belfry at Elstead is ruderand earlier, t he con struction bein g differen t : there i son e like it at Dun sfold . Now the other work at Dun sfold is quite similar to that at Rudgwick I shouldtherefore con clude that the order of con struction ofthe group was as follows —Elstead
,Dun sfold, Thursley
or Rudgwick, an d lastly Alfold .
The n ave-roof is of the same date . There is a Similartruss in t he roof over the old inn at Chiddingfold, thoughthere the king-post has a cap an d base it was a commonform at this date .Several of the seats an d portion s of the screen are of
this period, probably about 1400 . When t he Churchwas restored, Mr . Woodyer foun d the beam of the oldscreen cut in to lengths an d used to support the boughsof the an cien t yew in the churchyard . The n ew seatswere made to pattern of t he old, an d t he til es n ow in thechan cel were also made after the pattern of on e foun dduring the restoration .
The old woodwork used as a reredos has n o conn ectionwith t he Church .
The Perpen dicular win dow in S . wall of chan cel an dthe recess opposite are, I con clude from the history oft he patron s , n ot more than fifty years later ; though it isalmost impossible in such simple work to fix an exactdate .This recess , the arch of which is of the shape called
Tudor , exten ds through the wall, though t he outside i sn ow bricked up ; there must therefore have been at on etime a N . chapel , probably destroyed at t he same timeas the N . aisle . I think it probable the Open in g coveredthe slab of a tomb there i s on e of an earlier date withbrasses in a similar position at Witley . From the sidesbeing on both in side an d out un even ly splayed, iteviden tly also served as a squin t or hagioscope for theN . aisle . There are two marks on on e of the ston es , ofwhich I have said more in an appen dix to this paper .
agai n .
I trust,however, the time is n ot far distan t when the
wall s of our churches may be again , as they invariablywere in olden time, radian t with glorious colour, an d n o t ,
as n ow,fin i shed in a mean an d sordid style, that we
should n ot for on e momen t tolerate in our dwellinghouses .In t he belfry are three bells , all by t he Eldridge family ;
t he oldest an d largest has the in scription , Brainu s
Eldridg me fecit, 1625 t he secon d, B . E . 168 1 .
Gloria deo in excel sis ,”t he in itials an d usual motto of the
same Brian Eldridge ; an d the third , “ IV. E .
the in itials stan ding for William Eldridge .
In t he in ven tory of church goods taken in the reignof Edward VI . an d published in vol . iv. of this Society ’ sCollection s, i s the followin g en try
ALLFOLDE PARICHE CHURCHE .
Imprim is iij bel les hanginge in Item Ij Ol lde coope.
t he st eple waing xiij 0 . Item ij albes of lockeram and IjItem t he saun ce bel l . surplu ssis .
Item t wo smal l bel ls . Item j au l l t er cloth.
Al l wiche is commyt t id t o t he cu stody of George S t eademan,John
Hammon,Thomas Irelond, Robbart Jackeman
,t he vj
thof October
i n t he vjt hyear of t he reign of owre Sovereign Lord .
Item sol lde of t he former inv it orie st ickes an d t he hol ly watterj chal l ice of sill ver waing v iij stocke sol lde for ij
s i iijd
.
Oun ces. Item i ij ol lde bann er cloot h is
Item sertyn e rynges of sil lver SOl ld for iiijd and dist ribu t id t o
sol lde for Vl js t he which m on ey t he poore .
was best owid in bowes and Item in waxx sol ld amoun t inge
arrowes t o serve t he kinge. t o ijs ixd.
Item Ij smal l bel les ij candil l
There is a small silver chal ice belongin g to the Church ;it was foun d by the rector in a battered condition , an d
restored by him . The hall -marks Show the date 157 7 .
ALFOLD OHUROH. 1 7
There are n o very an cien t mon umen ts , the oldest being1670 , to some of the Didel sfolds , a family of yeomen stillholdin g a good deal of lan d in the n eighbourhood . At t he
E . end of the churchyard is a much-worn slab of Sussexmarble
,which is said to cover the grave of t he last of the
glass-manufacturers . There was origin ally what manythink to have been an illicit factory carried on in theheart of Sidn ey Wood
,where many fragmen ts of glass
have been sin ce foun d . Aubrey, in his History of Surrey,men tion s the graves of the Fren ch glass -m en here , an dEvelyn says that his father brought some over after them assacres in Fran ce, an d settled them on his estates inSussex, where they remain ed for many gen eration s .The parish registers are of n o great age that of
burials dates from 1658 ; of marriages , 1659 ; of bapt ism s , 1661 . On the title-page are the following curiousen tries °
27 17 10 I gave a certificate t o be t ouched for t he Evil in thesewords Surrey SS. These are t o certify t o whom it may con cern thatJam es (son of Hen ry) Napper bearer hereof is a legal inhabitan t of ourparish of Al fold in t he coun ty of Su rrey aforesaid an d is supposed t ohave t he disease common ly cal led t he [King
’
s] Evil an d hath desiredthis our certificate accordingly.
HENRY STRUDWIOK, Rector.The fol lowing is n ot sign ed.
2 . May I gave certificates t o Jan e Puttock,
Hen ryManfiel d,Elizabeth Saker,
19. Ju ly t o be tou ched for t he Evil .
It would seem from the con stan t succession ofpatien ts , ei ther that the first of those certified for werereally cured by the sacred influen ce eman atin g fromKing James II . , or else that they so enjoyed their trip toLon don that others were tempted to try the same remedy .
The disease called by this n ame was scrofula, an d up to1 719 t he office for t he ceremony of touchin g appears inour Liturgy
,though the cerem ony had, I believe, lon g
before that time ceased to be a religious rite ; the kin gsof the house of Brun swick have n ever attempted thecure .In t he churchyard stan ds an old yew- tree, probablyVOL. v1.
ALFOLD CHURCH.
of pre-historic an tiquity : it measures I believe 22 feetroun d at four feet from the groun d, an d i s larger thant he fine on e at Dun sfold, though in ferior to t he almostun ique tree at Hambledon . Close outside the churchyardare still to be seen t he village stocks , an d much that i scurious an d old- fashion ed still survives in this out-Of- theway corn er of the coun ty.
The two man ors of Markwick an d Monkton Hook,formerly belonging to Waverley Abbey, were partlythis parish .
The man or ofAlfold Park, dating from 1244 , in cludedamong its possessors such n ames as Bas set, Clifford ,Gayn sford, Sir John Nevil , Sir An thony Brown , 850 . The
house has been destroyed . The man or of Great Wildwooddates from 18 91 .
There is an old house stan ding in t he village, kn ownas Alfold House, that is a fair specim en of t he smallerun t ry houses of the beginn ing of the 16t h cen tury, or
even earlier .On a door in t he upper story are t he remain s of some
of t he coloured decoration , of which traces also exist ont he beams an d other woodwork of the hall . It con sists
a rude pattern of flowers an d leaves , drawn with aoad black outlin e an d filled in with colour .
It i s so far in terestin g as ten din g to con firm whatdoubtless t he case , that t he passion for exhibiting then atural grain of t he wood is of comparatively moderndate, an d that our an cestors n ever hesitated to covertheir oak with pain t, providin g i t was in art form and
they cou ld aflord it . It must be remembered, however,that their oak had n ot then the rich mellow colour thattime has sin ce given it .Alfold was in the route of t he smugglin g trade that
at on e time was so exten sively carried on in this part oft he coun try . Many of the farmhouses are said to posselarge hiding-places , where the smugglers stowed awaytheir goods . It was usual for the farmers, about thetime a visit was expected, to leave ample provision s fora party in these places
, an d in return they would fin d int he morn ing a keg or two of spirits .
20 ALFOLD OHUROH.
an tiquarian s . I do n ot in ten d to set up any theory ofmy own , but simply here to record their form an d
existen ce . Whether they are mason s ’ marks or have areligious mean in g, there is n ot yet sufficien t eviden ce toprove .
Shown in the plate are also a variety of similar marksfrom Godalming Church . These are on the Shafts of thecolumn s on either Side of t he chan cel , from three feet inheight downwards . The cen tre shaft of S . aisle i sespecially rich in them , t he common est form being thesimple cro ss formed by j oin in g four dots .I should think there were at least fifty such crosses on
this on e column alon e ; they are scattered about withoutany regard to order and are of all sizes
,chiefly small .
Al l drawi n gs but that at t he bottom corn er represen tthe relative position s of the marks on t he ston es .They are mostly cut with mathematical precision , an d
were certain ly n ot don e by any but a practised han d .
On e of them eviden tly represen ts the ichthys, or sacredfish .
It is suggested that they may have been origin allyfilled with coloured material , but I do n ot think it likely .
Those at Godalmin g have been till recen tly covered withwhitewash I can fin d n o presen t trace of colour, an d n o
on e would have been likely to pick out the colour fromsuch a n umber .I should men tion that at the timeMajor Heales,
examin ed t he Church, prior to writing his paper upon it,t he column s were still covered with whitewash, as in deedt he parts in the vestry still are :these marks were therefore n ot visible to him .
The material in both cases is chalk : very probablySim ilar marks may be foun d in other chalk churches ofthe n eighbourhood .
C RAN L E Y.
BY MAJOR HEALES, F.S.A.
HE n ame of this place is written Cran legh in PopeNicholas IX.
’
S Taxation in Subsequen tlyit has been very variously spelt, but perhaps more comm on ly Cran ley, un til at a very recen t date the exten sionof education has had the effect of chan gin g t he orthography ; for it was foun d that letters addressed (withthe imperfect legibility con sequen t upon writing but littleor writin g a great deal) to Cran ley were frequen tly sen tfirst to Crawley, an d those for Crawley foun d their wayto the post-office at Cran ley an d to obviate these In conven ien ces a custom has been in troduced of spellin g then ame Cran leigh .
It was suggested by Salmon 2 that t he n ame may havebeen derived from a heron ry here, where t he breed ofheron s or cran es was en couraged for the sake of hawkin gthem , for as there was a great water at Bayn ards, Inthe n ext parish , here might have been the grove wheretheir n ests were . Those who kn ow how, with Salmonan d topographers of his period, the barest Similitude ofsoun d was sufficien t to suggest a derivation , will beaware how little relian ce could be placed upon it in thisin stan ce, even if he had stated the fact authoritativelyas it i s, he merely puts it as a conjecture .
Cran ley was n ot a separate parish at the tim e of theCon quest, an d 1s therefore n ot men tion ed In the Domesday Survey . At that time it was in cluded In the Man orof Shere, but it must have become a distin ct parish asearly as 1244 (28 Henry III . when , on the Thursday
aft er St . Valen tin e, the advowson was gran ted, togetherwith the Man or of Shere, by Roger de Clere to JohnFitz -Geoffrey.
l
Next is the men tion of Robert de Cumbe, who wasin stituted as rector on 8 1st July, 1283 , or perhaps on lyappoin ted as custos at that date . From that time therei s a silen ce un til the importan t Taxation of PopeNicholas IX . in 1291,
3where the livin g is en tered as
bein g of t he value of £ 21 . 6s . 8d . per an num, the ten thsbein g £ 2 . 2s . 8d .
The first rector of whom we have clear an d certainin formation was David Pon t eyn e, who died In 144 7 , an d
was su cceeded by John Normycot e, in stituted 27 th
October, 144 7 , on t he presen tation of James , Earl ofOrmon d, but who on ly enjoyed t he ben efice a short timefor the right of presen tation had been un der dispute ,an d being at length decided to rest with Sir ThomasClifford
,t he former appoin tmen t was foun d to be void ,
an d Sir Thomas ’s n omin ee, John Kyrkeby, was in stitutedon t he 20 th July,The n ame of John Kyrkeby is n ot an un common on e .
There was a priest of this n ame who was presen ted tothe rectory of Pen tlow
,in Essex, on 1 7th March , 144 1 ,
but resign ed in the followin g year ;5an d on the 21s t
Jun e, 14 4 2 , was admitted to t he sin ecure rectory of
Little Baddow, In the same coun ty . In t he followin gyear, 14 4 8, he became Dean of Bockin g ; on t he 4 t h
February, 144 8 , was presen ted to t he preben d of Mora
(St . Paul’s) , which he resign ed probably about t he latter
en d of 14 50 . The Dean of Booking was collated to St .
Pan cras, Soper Lan e, Lon don , on 21s t November, 14 50 ,but he apparen tly died before 29 th January,Newcour t believes that it was on e person who held theseprefermen ts , an d it will be Observed that they were
1 Brayley’s History of Su rrey, vol . i . pp.
2 Man n ing and Bray’
s His tory Qf Surrey, vol . i . p . 543.
3 P op e Nicholas IX.
’
3 Taxa t ion,p. 208 .
Man n ing an d Bray’
s History of Surrey, vol . i. p. 544 .
5 Newcour t’
s Rep er torium,vol . i i. p . 4 67 .
Ibid.
,vol . i . p. 179 .
Cowmas ANASTATTC PRESS , IP SWI CH
CRANLEY CHURCH.
To f ace page 22.
Tyn le, to the rectory of Cran ley, on 24 th November,
150 7 , there are n on e registered un til that of JohnHurlock
, on 7 th July, 1572 , but I am en abled tosupply t he n ame of on e
yof t he clergy who held the living
durin g a part of the in terval . It is that Of An t hon ie
Corkin , who describes himself as parson of Cran ley In
his will dated t he 8rd October, 1560 ; he died soonafterwards
,as his will was proved on t he 22n d January
following .
2 By t he will , after t he then usual bequest ofhis soul to God and expression of hope of salvation , hedirects his body to be buried in the high chan cel ofCran ley . Amongst other things , he leaves to LadyBeare four bushel s of wheat ; small legacie s to all hisgodchildren bearin g his n ame ; his best velvet cappcope) to the parson of Ewhurst (n ame n ot men tion ed)
various small legacies chiefly in loads of wood and
cheeses , probably received in paymen t of tithes . To hi sson William Corkin x iij
11vj
s
v iijd to be paid to the said
William when he cometh to t hage of xxj . yeres ” ; indefault of which , on e half to go to t he poor and thotherhalf to the highe waies lyeinge w
’hin Cran ley pishe . The
residue is left to Robert Peers , who is directed to paytestator’ s debts and see his bodie hon es t l ie brought inear t he .
”
It will be observed that he makes n o men tion of hiswife or t he mother of his son ; an d t he position Of t he
clergy with regard to marriage about that period i s sufficien t ly curious to be worth n oting .
The Act of 8 1st Hen ry VIII . cap . 14 3
(A.D.
declares that by the law of God a priest may n ot marryan d t he n ext year the Act 82 Hen ry VIII . ,
cap . 10,re
peals the then existin g laws by which a priest an d
woman living together,t
t et her married or unmarried,were pun ishable
D
wit h death , as bein g too severe, an den acts that they should each in future be liable to fin es,an d the priest to los s of ben efice ; and each , for a thirdoffen ce, imprisonmen t for life .
1 Man n ing an d Bray, vol . i . p. 545 .
2 Archdeacon ry of Surrey, 222 Tu l ly.
3 S tatu tes a t Large.
CRANLEY . 25
By the Act 2nd Edward VI . , cap . 21 (A.H. alllaws
,can on s
, an d con stitution s prohibiting such marriageswere declared to be utterly void, and t he pen alties (n otalready pron oun ced) to be n o longer con tinued : it wassupplemen ted in 1552 by t he Act 5 6 Edward VI. ,
ca 12 .IThis Act was repealed by t he Act of 1st Mary, ses s . 2,cap . 2 , an d n ot revived un til 1608 , by the Ac t l stJames I. , cap . 25 . Thus it would appear that durin g thein terval of fifty years between 1558 and 1608 the marriage of the clergy was illegal , an d certain ly that t hecon stitution s un der Archbishop Stephen Lan gton in
1222 1 were in force, whereby it was ordered that anything left by ben eficed clergymen by their wills to theircon cubin es should be forfeited an d con verted to the u seof t he Church . Perhaps this is the reason why An thon ieCorkin leaves n o legacy to the mother of his son .
A somewhat Singular arrangemen t was effected between John Hol t an d Thomas Anyan , rectors , early inthe sixteen th cen tury . The former was in stituted in1614 , to the rectory of Cran ley, an d to t he n eighbourin grectory of Ewhurst, which latter he held till his death .
In 1616 he was made a preben dary of Westmin ster,an d
in 1617 he took his degree of Doctor in Divin ity . Heresign ed Cran ley on 18 th April, 1629 , eviden tly with thecertain ty of bein g elected presiden t of his college (CorpusChristi, Oxford) , which took place on the 1s t May following, upon the resign ation of Dr . Thomas Anyan , whosucceeded him as rector of Cran ley ; it bein g apparen tlya kin d of exchange . Dr . Holt died on t he 10 th January,1680 . Le Neve doubts whether he was buried at Westmin ster or in hi s college chapel .2 Dr . Anyan hadformerly for - some time been chaplain to Lord KeeperEgerton , and in 1612 became chaplain to t he king, an dpreben dary of Gloucester ; in 1614 was made presiden tof Corpus Christi College, and took his degree of DD .
1 J2 A
’Wood’
s Athen ee Oman ienses (ed. v ol . i. p. 827 Le Neve’sFast i Ecclesiae Anglicanae, pp. 8 67 , 4 95 ; Mann ing and Bray, vol . 1.
p. 544 .
the buildin g itself.The church is dedicated in hon our of St . Nicholas
its orien tation i s 5° n orth of east .A fragmen t of a buildin g datin g about t he end of the
twelfth cen tury appears in t he arch of the n orth transept ; an d on the opposite side t he archto the south tran sept is late in the EarlyEnglish period . Beyon d these we see n o
trace of any work previous to the Decorated style of about the middle of the fourt een t h cen tury, to which the whole of therest Of the church (with un importan t sub
sequen t in sertion s) appears to belong . Itsuffered severely from a gen eral “ rest ora
tion ”in 184 5 ,—a period rather early in
t he true revival of Gothic architecture ;2
an d some min or alteration s have recen tlybeen effected .
Cran ley is a very good example of a Surrey church ,an d fin er in dimen sion s than n in e- ten ths of t hose in t hecoun ty . As Shown by t he groun d plan , it con sists ofa western tower, n ave an d aisles, with south porch,tran septs, chan cel, an d n orth vestry .
The tower i s large an d massive , but n ot lofty . In its
Imp ost ofNort hTran sep t Arch .
1 Le Neve,pp. 19, 495 Man n ing and Bray, vol . i . p. 544
,note a .
2 Crit icised in the Ecclesiologist vol . v. p. 8 6.
west fron t i s a good plain doorway, and over that a threelight window
,with good tracery in the Decorated style,
perhaps partly old and partlyren ewed, an d appears to . be agenuin e restoration . At t he n orthwest angle is an irregular massof mason ry con tain ing a n ewelstaircase termin ating at the ringing
-floor, though it on ce wen thigher . The roof is pyramidal,a form which , from its frequen t occurren ce in t he adjoin ing coun ty,i s sometimes called a Sussex head,but is marked by the peculiarityof a gablet n ear the apex .
1 The tower con tain s acapital peal of six bells . At the time when the ChurchInven tory was made (6 Edw. VI .) there were four bells ,of which the largest weighed seven teen cwt . 2 but n on eof them have survived to the presen t day . The Oldestn ow remain ing bears the in scription
Sect ion of West Doorway.
PRAYS GOD 1599. A. W .
with a blank disc larger than a crown , an d an indistin ctstamp the S is reversed . The next two have the date1688 and this legen d .
GLORIA DEO IN EXCELSIS F. F. R . T. 1638,
with a fleur - de- li s between each word theN is reversed . The two bells are preciselyalike except in size, and that on e of themon ly bears t he foun der’ s in itials, B . E .
”
—Bryan Eldridge, of whose skill we haveheretofore seen and heard many examples dating from1618 to 1661 , though it is suggested there may in that
1 This is n oticeable in t he view.
2 Surrey Church Inven tories,edited by J. R. Dan iel-Tyssen , Esq ,
Col lections of this Society, vol . iv. p. 38 .
period have been two Successive bell- foun ders of thesame n ame .
The year of the Restoration marks the addition of an ew bell which bears this in scription , having betweeneach word, a rose .
BRYANVS ELDRIDGE ME FECIT 1660 .
Next a don or records his gift
JAMES WHITEHEAD GAVE THIS BELL,1709.
WE FECIT,
the in itials being probably those of William Eldridge ,the descen dan t of the long lin e of emin en t bell- foun ders .An d t he last bears t he n ame of a firm equally emin en t
at the presen t day, and of a fame more widely spread :
G. MEARS dz CO. FOUNDERS. LONDON . 1862.
Passing from the tower thr ough a lofty recessed arch ,void of mouldin gs except a hood , an d springing fromsemi-octagon al respon ds
,we en ter the n ave . On either
han d are two large arches, with circular pillars , and
respon ds with octagon al caps quite spoilt, an d squarebases . The arches are recessed an d chamfered , but thewalls have been treated with a very thick coat of plastertermin ating just short of the arches in a n ebuly patternhaving a fan tastic effect . The n ave roof appears modernwith t he exception of the t ie-beams . The aisles con tainn o an cien t features deserving remark .
The easternmost pier on each side i s somewhat massivean d has in its inn er face a n iche with ogee- shaped head,flanked by pin n acles : doubt is thus raised whether thejun ction of n ave an d chan cel was at this poin t, thoughthere i s a chan cel arch at a poin t further east, beingin fact at the eastern respon d of the tran sept arches :
these piers stan d on rather a higher level than those tothe west .
1 Church Bells of Sussex, by Amherst Dan iel Tyssen , Esq. p. 32.
2 Vide tailpiece t o present article.
CRANLEY . 29
The n orth tran sept was called the Vachery chapel,being the property of the family who possessed aman sion of that n ame lying to the south of t he churchand village of Cran ley ; there is n ow on ly a farm -housen ear the foot of a large sheet of water . The southtran sept was called the Kn ol l chapel ,
‘belongin g to ahouse Situated in a south-westerly direction from t he
church ; these tran septs were formerly little more thanen ds, as it were , of the aisles , projectin g on ly slightly ;
2
both of them have been len gthen ed, and n ow havecompass roofs . A
very good parcloseformerly between t hechan cel an d southtran sept has been re
moved further back,but remain s un injured ; the parcloseof the n orth tran septwas cut up an d usedin the man ufactureof the presen t pul
pit . Formerly, the Sect ion of Beam .
win dow in the Kn ollchapel con tain ed some an cien t stain ed glass , apparen tlythe remain s of a Jesse-tree, which was perfect in 1798Man n ing an d Bray state 3 in their work,published be tween1808 an d 1814 , that on ly some scraps remain ed, of whichthey men tion in the cen tre a figure Sitting, the headgon e, an d in the left han d a rose in t he upper part t heCrucifixion an d, apparen tly in Lombardic letters (whichCracklow probably mean s when he terms them Saxon
t he n ames of Josaphat, Ashur, Salomon ,
Ezechial , and Joathan . In a foot-n ote it i s stated thata gallery had been lately made for schoolboys , without
1 Mann ing and Bray, vol . i . p. 540.
2 A plan is given in Cracklow’s Surrey Churches, published in 1823.
3 Mann ing an d Bray, vol . i . p. 540 .
any protection to the win dow, so that it would soon bedestroyed . This prophecy was fulfilled . Brayley, whosebook was published in says that scarcely a vestigeof the glass then remain ed . But some pain ted glasswas removed by Lord On slow to West Clan don church .
2
Probably it was here that there existed un til a recen tdate, but unhappily exist n o longer, some good examplesof Decorated glazing .
3
In t he Vachery chapel, there remain ed in Mann ing’s
time efligies in stain ed glass of our Lord an d the BlessedVirgin seated, an d two an gel s cen sin g .
‘
In the east wall i s a quadran gular reces s like an
aumbIy, which possibly was a pisc i n a, but more probablya hagioscope .
The chan cel arch is reces sed an d chamfered , an d t heinn er order rests on a semi- octagon al shaft, t he capitalof which (as in deed i s gen eIal throughout t he church)has been absolutely ru in ed by recutti ng , an d that by an
Ign OI an t workman . There Is n o appearan ce of a m od
staircase .
The chan cel i s spaciou s,though rather short for its
width . On t he south side are three sedilia on a level ,trefoiled in t he head and ofvery good Decorated work,though i t s mouldings have suffered, an d t he caps of t he
shafts (which latter are n ew,
of Purbeck marble) have beenbarbarously treated . Mann in gspeaks of two lockers in thesouth wall, and holy -water basinprojecting ; an d over the Commun ion - table two others , similar, but without basin (but these
have a modern appearan ce) . On the n orth side of the
Head of Sedi lia .
1 Brayl ey, v ol . i . p. 175 .
2 Man n ing and Bray, vol . i . p . 536.
3 Glossary of Archi tectur e, first edition (published in vol . i .
p . 18 6.
4 Mann ing and Bray, vol . i. p . 540.
ORANLEY. 8 1
chan cel is the priest’s doorway with a Decorated hood,but altered to a slightly Tudor form . The piscin a is verybroad an d has a modern look n ear it i s a square aumbry .
The windows are modern that at t he east, of five lightswith n et tracery, was made in 184 5, in substitution foron e much smaller, an d ben eath it an arcadin g run sacross t he east wall . Mann in g says 1 that there weresome remain s of old glass in his time in the east win dow,
of the Lamb, an d two Katherin e wheels , said to have
been in con n exion wi th the family of Harding of Kn ollthere are n on e there n ow .
In t he n otes to Brayley,2 written subsequen tly to t he
restoration ”in 184 5 , it i s stated that frescoes were
discovered ov er the chan cel arch and over the n avearcade ; these n o l onger exist . It appears also that therewere then , an d previously ,3 galleries at the west en d
of the n ave an d at each side (of that en d, apparen tly) ,but these en cumbran ces have n ow happily disappeared .
An organ - chamber has been built adj oining t he n orthtran sept an d side of chan cel , an d a polygonal vestry ont he same side an d the porch was rebuilt .Brayley 4 Speaks of a plain old lectern which had been
removed to the belfry, eviden tly supplan ted by whatThe Ecclesiologis t stigmatizes as a poor eagle deskt he old lectern has n ow disappeared altogether
,as
experien ce in such matters would an ticipate .
The presen t pulpit,as previously men tion ed, i s made
up from materials Obtain ed by a destruction of the n orthchan try parclose .The fon t stan ds adj oin ing t he west side of t he first
pillar on t he n orth n ave arcade : it i s octagon al an d
plain ; restin g on a n ot large cen tral an d eight Slen dersurrounding shafts
,n ow devoid of caps, an d a thin cable
run n ing roun d them for a base .
Un der orders issued at two differen t dates In the reignof King Edward VI . ,
in ven tories of the goods of the
1 Mann ing and Bray, v ol . i . p. 540.
2 Brayley, vol . i . p . 175 .
3 Mann ing an d Bray,vol . i . p . 540 and Cracklow.
4 Brayl ey, vol . i . p. 175 .
8 2 CRANLEY .
churches throughout the kingdom were made ; the laterof those relating to Cran ley has been preserved, an d,ably edited by J . R . Dan iel-Tyssen ,
Esq. , E.S .A. (amember of this Society) , has already been prin ted in ourCollection s .‘ It is therefore on ly n ecessary here to stateits effect briefly, an d refer the reader to the literal copyof t he documen t itself.TheI e were at t he date of the return (the 16th of May,
a silver chalice, weighin g 6 oz , ; a pyx , weighing2 oz . , 4 bells, t he largest weighin g 17 cwt . ; 8 Ol d copes ,an d 2 torches . There had been sold sin ce t he previ ousinven tory, a cros s of silver and gilt, weighin g 14 lb . , an d
a chalice of silver an d gilt, weighin g 10 oun ces , whichtogether had realized £ 28 . 18 s . 4 d . : 8 vestmen ts soldfor 1 7 s . ; a pair of bras s cen sers , and a holy-waterstock, fetchin g respectively 8d . an d 5d . an d a quan tityof wax sold for 5s . 9d .
In modern stain ed glas s of a gen erally superiorcharacter, the church is rich an d perhaps
,for t he sake
of placing on record the presen t state of t he church ,it may be pardon able to occupy a small Space in itsdescription .
The glas s of the west win dow, in t he tower, i s am emorial to t he late Hon . Mrs . Sapte, placed by herrelation s an d frien ds in 18 62 . It con tain s represen tation s of our Lord in Glory (techn ically termed a
an d illustration s of the Beatitudes in eightmedallion s .
1 . Poor in Spirit — St . Mary Magdalene anoin ting t he Saviour’sfeet.
The m eek—Moses in t he Tabernacle .
They that mou rn —The Lord speaking t o St . Mary Magdalen e
at the sepu l chre.
4 . Hunger and thirst after righteousn ess —St . Mary Magdalen e
sitting at t he Lord’
s feet.5 . Mercifu l .— The raising of Dorcas .
1 Col lection s of thi s Society, vol . iv. p. 38 .
CRANLEY . 33
6. P ure in heart — The presen tation in t he Temple.
7 . Peacem aker.— St . Barn abas presen ting St . Pau l t o t he Apostles.
8 . Persecu ted for righteousn ess’ sake—The three children in t he
Above are angel s with the scroll bearin g, Rejoice andbe exceedin g glad, for great is your reward in Heaven .
”
In the n orth aisle i s a win dow to t he memory ofJohn Ellery, who died in 1885 , an d Sarah his wife in1824 ; with figures of St . Luke an d St . John . The eastwin dow of t he same aisle commemorates Elizabeth , wifeof Jacob Ellery
,of Ridinghurs t , who died in 188 7 , and
their son , Augustus Evershed, who died in 1849 in t he
on e light are the Blessed Virgin and In fan t Christ withorb an d cros s ; and in t he other, both figures stan din g,the Holy Child som ewhat older an d carryin g a cross .The west win dow of the south aisle is in memory of
Elizabeth , widow of Samuel Healey ; She di ed in 1867in t he cen tre t he Resurrection ; an d in t he side lights theBlessed Virgin an d Apostles in adoration .
The great east win dow in t he chan cel con tain s a serie sof illustration s of the Healin g of t he Flesh , an d theircorrelatives in the Healing of t he Spirit, cen trin g roun dthe Crucifixion— t he n ext act of the Aton emen t ; an d
below is t he figure of St . Nicholas, the patron ofthe church, in accordan ce with t he requiremen t ofCan on Law .
1 On t he n orth side of t he chan cel i s awin dow placed by the parish as a memorial of the Hon .
Mrs . Sapte, who died on 8 1st May, 18 62 . Each light is
in three compartmen ts : in the on e i s St . Elizabeth ofHungary, c arryin g a basket, saluted by a pilgrim , and
feedin g the hungry with loaves from t he basket in theother light, in three scen es, She i s min is t erin g to a sickm an , carrying a bag of alms , an d clothing t he n aked .
On t he Opposite Side of the chan cel i s a win dow tot he memory of Edward Bradshaw, R.N. , of Kn owle , whodied in 18 5 7 : it con tain s represen tation s of St . Peter
1 Con stitution s of ArchbishopWinchelsey, A.D. 1236 (Gibson’
s Codex,p . 224)VOL. VI .
8 4 CRANLEY .
walkin g on the waves the miraculous draught of fishesthe stillin g of t he sea ; an d t he callin g of SS ; Peter an dAn drew . There is also an other memorial to t he Rev . S .
M . Lowry ,Gu thrie, rector, by whose exertion s the resto
ration was effected, an d who died in 184 8 : it con tain sfigures of SS . Peter an d An drew.
Cran ley Church is sin gularly devoid of monumen ts ,an d t he most importan t that it formerly possessed (andto which we shall presen tly advert) almost en tirely disappeared in t he restoration of 184 5 . Barbarian s existwho prefer the substitution of a n eat pavem en t ofMin t on ’
s
tiles to a varied floor of mon umen tal slabs , an d n evergive a thought to t he robbery committed on the dead byt he destruction of their memorials .The earliest mon umen t here is a coffin - lid with a
cros s within a circle, an d lon g stem ,raised in relief ; it
probably dates early in t he fourteen th cen tury, an d n ow
lies broken in the churchyard to t he south- east of t hechurch : possibly it i s the graveston e of the builder oft he presen t church .
Brayley men tion s 1 a Slab in the church-floor with thislegen d in Lombardic letters
Wal ter Kn ol l gyst yoy, Dieu de s’
alme eit merci .
Man n in g an d Bray 2 also speak of it as being in cisedIn black letter, in a marble slab in the body of thechurch . It n o longer exists .An in scription on a brass plate formerly existin g in
t he chan cel, but l ost before t he publication of Man n in gan d Bray’ s work,
3 commemoratedWilliam Syden ey, Esq.
who died on the 8 th October, 1449 .
Next is t he brass of a priest,a demi-figure in en cha
rist ic vestmen ts ; the in scription i s gon e ; but , judgingof the date from t he style of engravin g, it probably re
presen ts Richard Caryngt on , who became rector of the
1 Brayley, vol . i. p. 170 .
2 Man nn and Bray, v ol . i. p . 541.
3 Ibid.
r
CRANLEY . 8 5
parish, on the King
’ s presen tation , on the 10 t h October,14 89 , an d probably died in 150 7 , as his successor wasin stituted on t he 24 th November in that year . Scrollsproceedin g from his mouth, with the words ,
‘
esto m ihi peccatorisana an ima mea qu ia peccavi tibi .
The style of execution i s of about the average of thatdate , when engraving for mon umen tal purposes wasalready in decaden ce . It lies on t he chan cel floor, on
t he south side, within t he rails .We n ow come to the mon umen t before alluded to .
As described by Mann ing an d Bray, it was2
(for un
happily we must use t he past ten se) a low altar- tombof marble on t he n orth side of the chan cel
, on whichwere the eifigies of a m an an d woman , an d a childbetween them , all kn eeling ; with a scroll Issumg fromeach of their mouths . On that belongin g to t he m an
was in scribed (the words in brackets previously lost)
[Have m ’
ey Jhesu in hon or of t hy gloriovs'
resvrreccion .
On t he woman ’s
And gran t vs t he meri t e of t hy byt t er Passion .
On the child’s,Paren tes accipe, et in fan t em ,
bon e Kpe.
An d over it, according to a previous authority, St .John Baptist with a cross in his left han d, an d otherwork partly broken ; but this probably mean t whatMan n ing an d Bray describe as on a separate platean ordin ary piece of sculpture represen ting the Resurrection .
”
Over the man were the arms—On a ben d three martlets—Harding.
Wilts , an d of Irelan d .
1
Ben eath was this in scription , of which the part initalics i s lo st
QBfyour (Elbarite pray for the eoulpz of ifiohert Hardyng la te Alderman
e Goldsm i th of London and Agas his W? e 11)o baby bu tlpt t l) bt rpeU, Hul l Depat tpd thys presen t lyfe the XVIII day ofFebruarl in the yere of our s Lord $01! {fl 413411411141:ant i 111111forinbos 9 0 11)p and all ai m we p ray you say P a tern oster and Ave.
At t he presen t time part of t he in scription alon eremain s, apparen tly preserved because half of the slabwas foun d of u se in the paving of the chan cel floor,where it lies again st t he east wall towards t he n orthside . The altar- tomb has been utterly destroyed ; n ot
a fragmen t of the sculpture remain s . A lithograph,probably full size, of t he represen tation of the Resurrection ,
i s given in Hussey’s Churches in Ken t , Su ssex,and Surrey, published in t he illustration on t he
opposite page i s copied from it, but reduced to half- Size .
3
No doubt thi s barbarous destruction an d robbery oft he dead occurred at t he time of the restoration of thechurch in 184 5 . There i s a very similar brass engravin gof t he Resurrection on the tomb of Richard Covert atSlaugham
,Sussex
,154 7 , n ot many miles distan t .
1 Burke’s General Armory.
2 Churches in Ken t, Su ssex, and Surrey, men t ioned in Domesday, by
t he Rev . Arthu r Hu ssey, p. 325 . He speaks of i t as in t he chan cel,
an d (in error) as being accompan ied by t he On slow arm s. The m onu
m en t is al so men tion ed in Murray’
s Handbookfor S urrey, publ ished in1843, probably taking t he in formation from Mann ing and Bray.
3 I have been un able t o m eet with a rubbing from t he brass and an
advertisemen t in Notes and Queries, asking for t he loan of on e,produced
no resu l t.
CRANLEY. 8 7
On the other side of the chan cel in the floor is a Shield,with merchan t’s mark an d thein itials “R . which may verylikely have belonged to this mon umen t .
The Robert Hardin g who iscommemorated by this monumen twas the son of Robert Hardin g,who in 14 66- 7 purchased theMan or of Kn oll from Thomas Slyfield, of Great Bookham : his son
William dyin g without mal e issue,
it descen ded to his two daughters ,Helen an d Catherin e : the latter of BRASS.
them married Richard On slow,
Esq , an d t he en tire estate seems to have, in 1560 - 1 ,through t he medium of trustees, passed to her for t heuse of her husban d
,self, an d heirs male .
l Thus apparen t ly commen ced the con n ection of the On slow familywith Cran ley,from which place they subsequen tly receiveda title in the Peerage .
Robert Harding was a member of the Goldsmiths ’
Company of London,of which he was elected warden in
the years 14 64 , 14 69 , 14 78 , an d 14 77 , and became masterin His n ame also appears with others , apparen tlyin 14 71, when there were deposited with t he Companycertain pown son s (
“
Ppoun cings , or pun ches) , by on e
Oliver Davy, in relation to a wager between him an d
White John son ,Alican t s trangioure goldsmyth, also of
Lon don , for a competition of Skill, an d which was decided by a mixed jury of the trade in 14 66, in favour ofDavy .
3
It is somewhat sin gular that In 1501 there was aren ter of the Goldsmiths’ Company of t he same n ame ,an d he was warden in t he years 1508 , 1504 , an d 1509 ,but appears never to have been master . Perhaps this was
1 Manni ng and Bray, vol . i . p. 537 ,
2 Books of the Goldsm iths’ Company. I am indebted t o t he companyfor access
,t o their records
,when ce these facts appear.
3 Herbert’s Twelve Great Livery Compan ies of London , vol . 11 . p. 197 .
the n ephew whom the testator men tion s in his will . OurRobert Harding also attain ed civic hon ou rs, having beenelected sheriff, by the mayor, on St . Matthew
’s Day (2l s tSeptember) , 14 79 an d he was alderman Of t he wardof Farringdon Without, but from what year does n otappear : he i s n ot descri bed as such when master of the'
Goldsmiths ’ Company, though a similar dign ity wasusually men tion ed in the Records an d he appears tohave resign ed t he Office in the year 1500 for in his will,dated 19 t h August, 1500, he describes himself as l a tealderman , an d we fin d that a successor was elected inhis place on 25 th February, 1500I have had t he good fortun e to find the Will of Robert
Hardin g, which was proved in t he Prerogative Court ofCan terbury .
3 AS was frequen tly the case in early days,i t con sists of two separate documen ts
,bearing t h e same
date . The first relates to person al property, an d con
tain s the appoin tmen t of executors an d t he secon d disposes of t he real est at e fl' They are both len gthy, an d Ishall extract those parts which relate to the fun eral oft he testator, an d to Cran ley, and shortly n ote the restof their con ten ts .The first documen t commen ces thus
In t he name of God,Amen
,t he x ix day of t he Monyt h ofAugust in
t he yere of our (Lord, om itted at en d of a l in e) a t howsand v cand in t he xv yer of t he reyn e of kyng Hen ry t he v ii t h. I
Robert Harding t he elder,Late Alderman and Cit izefi of Lon
don,being in my perfit wyn d and in good m emory an d in good
hel t h of body, lawde and preysing being t o al l mygt hi god,
1 Gu i ldha l l Records,Jou rnal 9
,fol . 224 b.
2 Ihid,Jou rnal 8
,fol . 17 6 b.
3 P rerogat ive Registry, 5 Holgrave.
4 Writers on t he law of Wi ll s draw a distin ction between t he t wodocumen ts a Testam en t is characterized by i t s con tain ing t he appoin tm en t of execu tors
,which wou ld be requ ired for person al ty on ly, while a
W ill deal s with real estate. As an eviden ce of t he change which hasimperceptibly taken place in the law
,i t may be n oted that for a long
time past t he Ecclesiastical Courts hel d (as t he Cou rt of Probate holds)that t he jurisdiction for proof ofWil ls extended on ly t o those cases wherethere was person al estate
,an d refused probate ofWil l s which disposed
s
lqlely of real ty, on t he ground that they had no power t o deal with
t em.
Jtern I geve and bequeth t o t he ReparacOn of t he parishechurch of
Cran l eygh aforesayd t o t he parishon f ther, t he more special ly t opray for my sowl e
,x9. An d J wu l l that my sayd executors
prou ide an d ordefi an hon est prest of good n ame fam e and con
u ersaciofi t o sing and sey his m asse an d other his diuin e sern isw ithin t he parish church wher yt shal l fortun e my body t o beberyd bi t he space of i ij yeris n ex t en su ing my disseace. J t emI geve an d bequet h t o t he sam e pres t for his salary (it wag! yerlyduring ye same i ij yerys x m ark steid.
The Executors are directed to distribute among thepoor prison ers in Newgate,Ludgate , an d the two Coun ters ,the Kin g’s Ben ch
, t he Marshalsea , t he prison atWes tm in
ster, an d t he parson of the Fleet iij“
. vjs
. v iijd
.
To t he most n eedy parishion ers of St . Vedast xl s . , atthe rate of 8 4 . each .
To the 4 person s that Shall bear his body to the grave,if in Lon don , iij
s
. iiijd
. ,but if in t he coun try, xx
d. each .
To 4 0 poor householders of the town of Leit on bussardiiij
". each .
To t he relief of the pore sike pepu l l being withinthe howse of owr blessid lady of bedlem with owt
bishopisgat e of Lon don , x3
.
”
Amon gst t he most n eedy in t he town ofAddington , x8
.
To provide for t he day of decease tren tals of m assesby the four orders of Friars in Lon don , each x
5.
To t he reparation of the chapel of Billin gton , Beds,
Jtern J geve and bequ eth t o efiy m aidan d womaifibeing in n ecessite,that hath s
’
uyd m e as comn an t seruan t is, vjs. v iij
d.
J t em J yeve and bequ et h t o euery prest an d Clerke of that chu rchwher yt Shal fortun e my body t o be bu ried, being at my dirigeand masse, x ijd.
To t he Prior dz con n i . of t he chart erhows beside l on doH, for dirige itm esse of requ iem ,
x13.
To Agn es my suster,t o pray for my sow l e
,xx
s. and a n ew gown s
after t he discreciOn of my seyd execu tors .
It recites that two husban dmen in Buckinghamshireare boun d to him for £ 4 0 , payable in yearly in stalmen tof xx s
. of which he wills to his Si ster vjs
. viijd. per
ann um .
He leaves to the 5 poor houses of Lazars n ear Lon don ,
v“. each ; and to the marriage Of 6 poor maidens each xx
s
.
CRANLEY . 4 1
He forgives Robert Chan trey, Citizen and fishmonger ofLondon , a debt ofX] marks , an d bequeaths to his daughterAgn es Chan trey ivh . vj
s
. viijd. to be delivered on the day
of her marriage .
Jt em J geve and bequ et h t owardys t he repara n and mending of t he
h ie wayes which be in decayes an d n owyful l t o t he pepu l l withint he parishys of Chelshr
’
iri , Croydon , and Craneleygh in Cown t e of
Surrey xx l i . st erl inge, which I wu ll Shalbe disposid within a yer
n ext en suing my dis seace in such places as shal l seme m ost n eedfu l l
,as bi t he aduice of my seyd execu tors Shal be aduised.
To William Chamberleyn his servan t, x13 . an d on e ofhis best gown s furred .
J tm I give and bequ et h euery childe of Thomas Harding x l s ., t o be
del iu ered t o them at ther laweful l age, or t he day of thermariage.
He then revokes former Wills, an d bequeaths the resi
due to Agas his wife an d he leaves to each of his exe
cu t ors for their trouble xx . The clause con tain ing t heappoin tmen t of executors has been omitted in the will asen tered in the register, an d the origin al Will i s lo st .In his Testamen t an d last Will he speaks of his man or
,
lan ds , ten emen ts , &c . ,in Chesham
,Warlingham , Addin g
t on , Farley, Cran eley, Shalford, Codham ,and Chel lysfeld,
in the coun ties of Surrey an d Ken t . He directs thattwo crofts , which
(he had lately purchased, an d were heldto farm at v i . viij . per an num by John Clerk , otherwisecalled John Mon er, and a cottage occupied by WilliamNorton , be assured to the parson an d churchwarden s ofCran eleygh , to dispose of the ren ts,
towards t he reparacOn , sopport acion , and mayn t enyng of t he Jlecal lyd ou r lady Jle, within t he parish church of Cran eley aforesayd, an d t o t he en ten t that the parsofi ther for t he tim e being andt he. parishon
s. of t he same parish pray t he more special ly for my
sowle,my wifis sowle
,t he sowlys of my father and mother
,
my chil drefi sowl is an d all cristen sowl is , at al l su ch t imys asthei shal l make ther devout prayers whit hin t he sam e chu rch.
And I wul l (it ordefi bi this my last wil l that ifi’
t he sayd Ren teprofitean d Reven ies comyng and growing of t he seyd Croft is,
1 The earl iest n ame on t he parish regist er (dat ed 1566) is John
and Cotage, with the appurt enaunce, be n ot disposid t o t hen ten t
abovesayd, Or yf yt t he sayd parsofi and parishofis for t he time
being have n ot my sowle and t he sowl is aforesaid in rem em
brance as is abovesaid, that al l t he seyd ren te, pfite, and reven ies
comying and groing of t he seyd ij croft is and cot age with t heappurten an ce
, yerly be dist ribu t id and disposid toward t he
RepacOn s of t he parish chu rch of Euhurst in t he sayd cown t e of
Su rrey, t o t he en ten t that the Cu rat t and parishofis of t he same
parish foreuermore pray t he more special ly for my sowle and t he
sowl is afOIdsayd.
Then follows a Similar devise of lan ds in Codham an d
Chelfeld to t he vicar and churchwarden s of Chelsham ,
with a similar object, an d in a like default, to go to thechurch of Codham , with a like in ten t .Al l his other lan ds he leaves to his wife Agas, for her
natural life . An d after her decease,
I wu ll ail such feofl’
e as ben seal id an d en feoffid of and in my man er
of Kn ol l,with t he appu rten an ce in t he seid parish of Cran eley
or of any other my londis an d ten emen t(2 with in t he same parish,
make or cau se t o be m ade a sufficien t and sur estate as wel l of
and in t he same man er of knol l as of and in al l other my l ondisand t en emen t ew
t. t he appurtenan ce in t he seyd parish of Cran e
ley and Shalford,vn t o my n evev Thomas Harding Ci t ezen
and Jremonger of Lon don t o have and t o holde t he forsaidman or, londis, ten emen ts, an d al l singler ther appurtenan ce int he said parish of Cran s ley, t o t he sayd Thomas Harding, t o hisEyres and assign es foreuermore.
And the rest of his estates (in con tin en t after thedecease of his wife) to his n ephew Robert Hardin g, thebrother of the said Thomas Harding, his heirs an d
assign s for ever .
In the Register there is a blank for the Probate Act ,but the previous on e bears date the 26th , an d t he n extfollowing the 15th March, 1504 . The appoin tmen t ofexecutors havin g also been omitted
,we do n ot kn ow who
they were .
The monumen t eviden tly formed on e of a class especial ly deservin g of n otice . It was n ot on ly a monumen tto commemorate t he individual an d his family, but itserved also as a part of the church furn iture, and thusrecall s an in terestin g ecclesiastical ceremony, which haslon g Sin ce ceased in t he English Church . It was what
4 4 CRANLEY.
words, but in the on e chiefly by dramatic art, an d in theother expressing the emotion by the highest musical art .The other class of ceremon ies in con n ection with the
Easter Sepulchre was a regular ceremony laid down inthe ordin al of our own Church , and guided by rubricst he Sarum rite as arranged by St . Osmun d was thatchiefly followed in Englan d , an d tho se of York , Hereford,Lin coln , an d Bangor differed chiefly in poin ts of detail ;and the Arbuthn o t Missal in dicates that t he practice inScotlan d was similar ; so that in fact there was practically but little variation in the missals of the whole ofGreat Britain .
1 Bein g, then , of such gen eral u se , someaccoun t of the ceremony may be deemed in terestin g ,even to those who regard it solely in an achaeological
poin t of view .
Upon Maun dy Thursday (following t he precise orderlaid down in the Sarum rite ) three Hosts were con se
crated on e for the mass of that day,an other for Good
Friday (upon which day there was n o con secration ), an dthe third for the sepulchre .
After vespers on Good Friday, the pyx con tain ing thisthird Host, together with t he cross from the altar, wascarried t o t he sepulchre by the priest an d a cleric of thesuperior ran k, both in surplices an d wi th bare feet ; bothkn eeling, the priest commen ced t he Respon sary I amcoun ted as on e of them that go down in to the pit ; I havebeen even as a m an that hath n o strength ; free amon gt he dead .
” Then rising, he commen ced the Respon sary ,Sepulto Domin o
,
” which the choir took up with t heversicle, “Ne forte v en ian t discipu l i ejus , et furen t ur
eum, e t dican t plebi surrex it amor t u is .
”The sepulchre
being in cen sed and t he door closed, the priest begant he An tiphon , In pace , an d t he choir con tinued “ in
idipsum . Then t he priest gave the An tiphon , In
pace factus est ,”and the choir con tin ued “ locus eju s .
”
1 See Missa le ad usum insign is Ecclesie Sarum ,1527 and 1534
,and
a recen t tran slation publ ished by t he Church P ress Company ; P rocess ion a le ad u sum Sarum
,Paris
,4 t o. 1528 ; Al issa le ad u sum celebris
Ecclesie Helfordensis, Rouen , 1502 Arbu thnot Missal,Burn tisland
reprin t.
CRANLEY . 4 5
Then the priest,
“Caro mea, an d the choir con tinuedrequiescet in spe . This bein g fin ished an d privateprayers said , they all retired without any fixed order .From that time , says t he rubric , there shall burn con
t inual ly on e wax taper at the least , un til the processionon Easter morn , being then on ly extinguished when thefirst Ben edictus is sun g .
On Easter Day, before mass an d before ringin g thebells, all the lights in t he church being lighted, t he superior clergy with cerofer an d thurifers go to t he sepulchre,an d after cen sing, with great reveren ce the Host in t hepyx is placed in the tabern acle and suspen ded as usual ,an d the cros s is replaced on the altar . Then all t hebells are rung together, an d there is sun g t he an themChristus resurgen s an d t he versicle “Dican t n un cJudei,
” to which the choir respon d “Al leluya, Alleluya .
”
In some cathedrals in En glan d, the Host appears tohave been placed in a special article of plate, as atDurham ,
1 where it is described as a marvelous beau t ifullImage of Our Saviour, represen tin g the Resurrection ,
with a crosse in his han d , in t he breast whereof wasen closed in bright Chris t al l the Holy Sacramen t of t heAltar, t hroughe t he which Christ al l t he Blessed Hostwas con spicuous to t he behoulders . Apparen tly t herepresen tation of the resurrection was much after t hesame gen eral design as t he en gravin g on t he brass atCran ley . At Lin coln 2 was a somewhat Similar piece ofplate for the same purpose, of silver an d gilt, with aberyl in the breast
,weighin g in all
“
8 7 oz . An d asimilar image of Silver gilt an d en amelled, with a berylin t he breast, an d .weighin g 95 oz . , was bequeathed byCardin al Beaufort to Wells Cathedral .3 Several otherin stan ces might be given .
Al l authorities agree that there should be on e light atleast con tinually burn ing whilst t he Holy Sacramen t
1 Cosin MS , prin ted by t he Surtees Society, vol . xv . p . 10 and al soin Davies
’
s Ri tes of Durham, p . 22.
2 In ven tory of Jewels, do. of Lin coln Ca thedral,
. 1536 ; Dugdale’
s
Mon as t icon , vol . v i . p . 1279 .
3 Dugdal e’
s Monas t icon,vol . 11. p. 280
,n ote.
4 6 CRANLEY .
remain ed in the sepulchre, an d a watch was kept inremembran ce of t he guard of Roman soldiers . Thereare innumerable records of this custom bein g followedfrom an early date, an d parish accoun ts alwayscon tain en tries of paymen ts to t he watchers . Thus atBletchin gley
,in this coun ty, in the accoun ts for the
years 154 6—52 ,l occur items of paymen t of 4 d . or 8d.
to John Bran de for watching t he sepulchre . In 1588 ,when Bishop Cromwell i ssued his Injun ction s 2 forbiddin gt he clergy to sufl
’
er any can dles to be set before anyimage , exception s were made of the light on the Roodloft (where the Gospel was read) , that before the Sacramen t of t he altar, an d t he light about the Sepulchre .
The scen e of these ceremon ies was usually a framedwooden structure , annually put together for t he occasion ,
an d afterwards taken to pieces an d stowed away tillt he n ext year, an d it was hun g with rich cloths ofgold an d colours . The earlier English parish accoun tsalways con tain en tries of the expen ses of this , whichwas techn ically called makin g t he sepulchre,
” varyingaccordin g to the size an d wealth of t he church . At
Seville, in Spain ,
3 exists the gran dest kn own ; it wasdesign ed in 1544 , an d subsequen tly added to till itsdimen sion s are out of proportion even to t he cathedral ,the n ave of which i s 14 5 feet high : this i s erectedan nually ; it was formerly lighted by 162 lamps an d 722wax- can dles
,weighin g several thousan d poun ds .
But in some churches t he structures were partly perman en t, con sistin g of a can opied high or altar tomb ,serving as a n ucleus for the temporary structure , an d
in t he fron t was gen erally a sculpture in relief, repre
sen tin g our Lord risin g from the tomb an d t he soldierswatching ; such as those existin g at Lin coln Cathedral,an d at Heckington an d Gosberton ,
Lin coln shire ; Northwold, Norfolk ; and Holcombe , Devon .
4 But towards
1 Kempe’s Loseley Ill anuscrip t s, pp. 164, 165 .
2 Col l ier’s Church His tory, vol . ii . p. 150 .
3 Descripcion del Temp le Ca tedral de Sevilla, pp. 153, 193.
Engravings of several of these are given in Vetu sta Monumen ta,v ol . iii . plates 3 1 and 32.
4 8 CRANLEY.
The ceremony described, con tinued in use till thetime of King Edward VI . , in whose second yearArchbishop Cranmer in quires in his Visitation Articles,1
Whether they had upon Good Friday last t he Sepulchres with their lights havin g the Sacramen t within ,
”
an d Bishop Ridley refers to them in his VisitationArticles in t he followin g year .
2 It was revived duringthe reign of Queen Mary ; but between t he years 1560an d 1566 the sale or destruction of t he sepulchre showscessation of t he ceremony .
3
In t he exterior face of t he wall of the n orth aisle i sset a slab in cised, with an inflated an d extremely lon gin scription in verse from t he effect of weather, it is n otaltogether very legible, but the date appears to be 1680 .
Other sepulchral memorials , happily of less importan ceor an tiqui ty, but still valuable to all who are in terestedin archaeology an d gen ealogy, an d to all who reveren cet he dead , disappeared from Cran ley Church when itwas so n eatly paved with tiles , at t he fatal epoch of184 5 ; an d for particulars of them we must now look tot he work of Man n ing an d The following may ben oted here
,
1664 . May 19111
. Sir Richard On slow,Bar t . aged 63.
1679 . Aug1 27 111. Dam e El izabeth On slow his Widow ,
aged 7 8 .
1688 . Ju ly 2132. Sir Arthu r On slow,Bart. aged 67 .
It seems strange that the family should n ot have seen totheir preservation .
1682 , September 20 t h . An oval tablet to the memoryof Michael Pike , rector, an d his wife Elizabeth, whodied in 1670 . He became rector in 164 5 , an d styleshimself min ister ” in the register book -frequen tly upto 1665 n o doubt h e con formed at t he Restoration ,
sin ce he enjoyed the livin g for twen ty - two years after
1 Sparrow ’
s Collect ion of Art icles, Injun ct ions, and Canons, p . 29.
2 Ibid.
,p. 37 .
3 A fu l l accoun t of t he n ature and history of Easter sepulchres willbe found in a paper
,by t he presen t writer, in t he Archaeologia, vol . X] .
p. 263.
4 Man n ing and Bray, vol . i. pp. 541 an d 424, note.
ORANLEY. 4 9
wards . He had a daughter born on the 2nd an d
bapt ized on the 29 th April,Of t he assistan t clergy, we find that Thomas Arun dell
was curate for some time un til the latter part of1626 ; his son Richard was buried on 2l st February,1619 , an d three other children were baptized ; viz .
Christopher on 25 th December, 1620 ; Elizabeth , 11t hAugust, 1622 and Lydia, 24 th October, RichardArun dell , gen tleman , n o doubt a relative Of his, wasresiden t in the parish and had a son , Arthur, baptized11t h August,Then we fin d the n ame of John Brewster as curate
in t he years 1681 to 164 8 : probably he succeededArun dell at the former date ; an d we find the recordof the baptisms of n in e ' of his children , an d burial ofthree between the 6t h November
,1626, an d 20 t h
March, 1644 .
In 1680 appears the name of Couar t e or Coverte ascurate ; probably he was a descen dan t of the familycommemorated by the Resurrection -brass at S laugham .
An d in the same cen tury we fin d men tion of Alexan derWalker, curate, married on 12t h August, 1692, to An nBachelor, of Guildford, widow.
2
Several parish clerks ’ n ames appear in the registers .There was Briann e Kempe, of Highupfiel ds , who wasburied on the 1 l t h Jan uary, 1640 , -havin g survived hiswife Alice on ly n in e days . He was succeeded by (hi sson probably) John Kempe, who , apparen tly on thestrength of the appoin tmen t , was married on 80 t h Jun efollowing, to Ann Myhel l . He was succeeded by t he Parl iam en t ary Registrar, John Plawe , in 1658 , who had ason born and baptized in May, 1664 .
Let us n ow examin e the register books , from when cethese particul ars of the clergy and parish clerks havebeen extracted .
The register begin s at a tolerably early date, 1566, ofwhich year there are four en tries , an d of the followingyear on e en try, together occupying the first page ; bu t
1 Parish Register Book.2 Parish Regist ers.
VOL. VI. E
our expectation s are disappoin ted, when , upon turningover leaf, we find t he n ext record dates in 1609 . Nodoub t t he explan ation i s , that the presen t volume wasin ten ded to be a tran script from t he origin al record, an dwas commen ced in obedi en ce to t he Can on of 1608
(which ordered that all parish registers should be copiedupon parchmen t, but un fortun ately omitted to provideany remun eration for t he clerkly labour) ; but in thisin stan ce that in ten tion was n ot fulfilled . The origin al ,though n o longer to be foun d, was in ex i sten ce till acomparatively recen t date, for there i s a n ote in thestyle of han dwritin g of t he latter part of the last cen
tury, vide in the other Booke .
”
Even from t he commen cem en t of t he presen t origin alrecords in 1609 , they do n ot appear to have been veryregularly en tered, for there are b ut three en tries in thatyear. From 168 1 to Jun e or July, 164 8 , t he en tries wereeviden tly made by John Brewster, t he curate , who , witht he churchwarden s , be tween the years 1682—164 8 , signthe foot of each page
, in accordan ce with t he direction scon tain ed in the can on s .The baptisms recorded in the first volume con tain
carcely anything more , worth n otin g , except en triesrelating to the On slow family, to which we shall advertsubsequen tly .
The Marigesses in t he same volume begin in 1609an d en d in 164 8 , an d in clude t he n ames of severalLon don ers, viz .
W il l iam Merryman ofWestm in ster in 1623.
Thomas Blackwel l of Christ Church London,1628 .
W il liam Cooper of ye
pish of A l lgat e in y6 King’
s Min eries,1629.
Phil ip Nev il l, Station er, of London , 1638 .
The register “ for berennge does n ot presen t anyremarkable features . We n ote several cases of fatalepidemic in families—perhaps fever ; as in 168 8 , a sonof John Lukas was buried on the 5 t h August, a daughteron t he followin g day
, and on the 9 th , John Lukas himselfe” an d in 1640 , a daughter of William Bern ard, on12th November
,a son 11 t h Jan uary, Mary , wife of John
Bern ard, on l 6th January, and John himself on the 27t h .
Dec. 1701. James Potter had a child born called by y3 name of
Richard .
Dec. 3, 1703. Jan e Potter had a child born .
Amongst the surn ames it appears that More, orMower, the earliest n ame in the register, i s on ly latelyextin ct in the male lin e ; Stedm an i s still on e of t he common est ; Shorlocke , Tickn er, Smal lpiece , an d Tann ercon tinue common Manfield an d Farley also exist ; and
Mel lersh , Lacar, Chit t ie, Coston , an d Petoe , n amescommon in this part of t he coun ty, may yet be foun dhere .
1 Amon g un usual surn ames occurrin g in t he earlieren tries may be men tion ed, Richebel l , Delfou ld, Ben ion ,
Slat erford, Didelfl’
ou ld, Grubgey:Mabanke, Queringt on ,
Winpen ny, Marlin , Edsaw, an d Clowser .The Christian n ames are very ordin ary : Damm aru s ,
Sarai, and Charite, occurrin g in 1650 and 1654 , are t he
on ly on es in dicating Puritan ism .
The occupation s of person s men tion ed in the registersare n ot usually stated un til 168 7 , an d then they are ofn o special men tion
,with t he exception ,
that on e i scalled a Tran slator
,
”i . e . a cobbler .
In the secon d book there i s a li st of collection s madein .t he parish, begin n ing in 1658 , of which we may n otethe following
1661. September t he 8 day 1661. Col lected in this pish for Phil l ipDandu l l being by n ation a turk t he sum e of foore shil lingsdz a penny 0 4 1
For t he Churches of t he Dukedom e of 0 8 0
Apriel l t he 9t h 1665 . Col lected for t he bu rn ing of t he Church
ofWeet hyham in Sussex for (it towards t he repare of i t , t he sumof eight shil lings 0 8 0
167 7 . for rel ief of 30 distressed protestan ts of Hungary 0 8 1
On 19 th Decr 1670 is a long l ist of subscription s for t he redemption
of Christian slaves amoun ting t o t he n ot in con siderable sum
£ 13 12 4
1 From t he information of t he Rev . J. H. Sapte,who has been t he
rector of t he parish for t he last twen ty-four years.
CRANLEY . 58
this accoun t of the registers an d their con ten ts , wepurposely omitted to extract t he en tries relatinge On slow family (who were t he on ly family of high
the parish) , in order to placeof conven ien ce ; an d to them
rs men tion Richard On slow , Esq. , whodson of Robert On slow,
through whoseCatharin e Harding, t he Man or of Kn ollby the family . He was Attorn ey for t he
of Lan caster and of t he Court of Wards ; Reof Lon don ; in t he 8 t h Eliz . Solicitor Gen eralpeaker of the House of Common s . Richard ,n ed in the registers
,became Sir Richard in
1625 ; he was kn ighted at Theobalds, on 2nd
624 ;lan d sat for t he coun ty of Surrey in three
en ts of Kin g Charles I . , by whom he was em
May, 1644 , in the importan t siege of Basingin 1648 he was seized with the other members
t he house then sittin g . The register shows that he was
justice of the peace in 1658 , an d before him, as such ,.rish registrars were sworn -in here and at Godalming
,
2
(1 n o doubt other n eighbourin g parishes . Thoughmmon ed in 1654 an d 1656
,he did n ot occupy his
i ce n otwithstan din g which, on 20 th December, 1657 ,wri t under the Great Seal, appoin ted him , with fiftyne others, to take place in Parliamen t as Peers . HeLS subsequen tly elected member for Guil dford . Debrett
ys he was made baron et in 1660 ;3 but this scarcely
cords with the statemen t of other writers, that hislest son , Arthur, succeeded to a baron etcy (that ofr Thomas Foot) at a subsequen t date . He died on
e 20 t h , an d was buried on the 26th May, 1664 , at'
an ley ; in the register he i s described as of Arundellouse , St . Clemen t
’ s, Lon don . Man n in g an d Bray sayat his tombston e (which, as men tion ed, appears to have
1 Col l in s’
3 P eerage (Brydges’s vol . v. p. 466.
2 Col lection s of this Society, vol . iv . p. 207 .
3 Debrett’s P eerage.
CRANLEY .
been destroyed at the restoration of this church instate that his death occurred on t he 19 th in stead of the20 th May, 1664 , at t he age of sixty- three .
‘
Sir Richard, as appears by t he register, had sevenson s an d six daughters Arthur, the eldest , was , beforehe came of age, elected Member of Parliamen t forBramber ; was a justice of t he peace in 1658 , an d
married , first, Rose , the daughter an d heir of NicholasStoughton ; an d secon d , Mary, t he daughter an d fco
heir of Sir Thomas Foot,Bart , Sheriff of Lon don in
164 6 an d Lord Mayor in 1649 . By a limitation of t hebaron etcy, it descen ded, on t he death of Sir ThomasFoot, in 168 7 , to his son - in - law
,who thus became Sir
Arthur On slow .
2 The latter died , as appeared by hisdestroyed tombston e, on the 21s t July, 1688 , aged sixtyseven .
3
The register records t he birth of Sir Arthur’s son ,
Richard , on the 22nd or 28rd (both dates are given )Jun e, 1654 , an d baptized on t he 9 th July followingthrough him the family acquired a peerage . He becameSpeaker of t he House of Common s on 16t h November, 1 708 , an d Baron On slow on 25 t h Jun e, 1716 . He
married Elizabeth , daughter of Sir Hen ry Tulse, a LordMayor of Lon don , an d died 5t h December, 1 717 .
His daughter Mary married Sir John Williams , who wasa Lord Mayor . The titles of Earl of On slow, co . Salop ,an d Viscoun t Cran ley, co . Surrey, were con ferred uponGeorge, fourth Baron On slow, 19 t h Jun e ,Return ing to the first Sir Richard, we fin d in the
register, records of his other children ; Arthur, being,as stated, the eldest, baptized 22n d May, 1624 .
2 . El izabeth,apparen tly t he “Dame Lady Elizabeth who was buried
7 111 Augu st, 1630.
3 . Edward, baptized 11t h Oct ? 1625, and buried 9111 Dec1 following.
4 . Ann e,baptized 15 1 Novr 1626.
1 Other trifling errors of dates respecting t he family al so occu r inMann ing and Bray.
2 Col l in s’
s P eerage (Brydges’s vol . v. p. 471.
3 Mann ing and Bray.
4 Debrett.
56 GRANLEY.
commemorated by a beautiful brass represen tin g him inarchiepiscopal vestmen ts an d stan din g ben eath a richcan opy .
‘ In Wood ’s time it lay before the high altar,but it i s n ow in the an te- chapel .
In con clusion , I wish to record my thanks to t herector, t he Rev . J . H . Sapte , M.A . , Hon orary Can on ofWin chester Cathedral
,for affording every facility an d
assistan ce in the preparation of the presen t paper ; an d
my thanks an d those of the Society are due to ourmember, Ralph Nevil l , Esq ,
for his excellen t and spirit edan astatic drawings .
1 Gough’s Sep u lchra l Monumen ts,vol . p . 51. Plat e 23 is
excel len t engraving of t he brass.
ON THE BELL DATED 1660.
58 ON A PAINTING OF ST. CHRISTOPHER
stream fish are shown disportin g, an d several ships arein this example, a device of the artist
’s to in dicate a seaor water of great depth . It is a very usual con ven tion .
Ben eath t he kn ees t he figure i s en tirely obliterated, aswell as every other part of t he composition , an d wouldbe seen by all who en tered by the door through t he southporch , t he chief en tran ce for the congregation .
Of all figures of sain ts in troduced in to our churches thi swas t he most popular ; an d still, upon the con tinen t , afigure of St . Christopher of gigan tic size, often sculpt ured out of wood, salutes t he eye of t he worshipper ashe en ters the church . In a compilation made by t heauthorities of t he South Ken sington Museum , the n umberof churches in En glan d in which remain s of pain tings ofthis sain t have been discovered, amoun t to twen ty- eight .Of course, many have been utterly destroyed , as it wasa very obn oxious figure to t he Reformers but many maystill remain con cealed ben eath the whitewash of ourchurches . I shall n otice a few of those design s , whichpresen t to us illustrative details , and then Show t he
bearing of legen dary story upon t he gen eral subject .First
,I Shall take t hat which formerly existed in Croydon
church, in this coun ty, as it offers some Special poin tsfor our con sideration .
This was discovered durin g repairs in 184 6, an d wast he subject of remarks in the Journ al of t he BritishArchaeological Association ,
” 1and also in that of the
Archaeological In stitute .
2In n either, however , i s it par
t icularly or completely elucidated , though in the latterthere is an engravin g which shows t he character of t hedesign . It was unhappily very much defaced} Therewas scarcely a single part quite complete but, n evertheless , in dication s existed ofdetails n ot frequen tly observed .
The figure of St . Christopher was tolerably perfect butthe lower part was con cealed by pan elling . He wore adeep - red tun ic, an d a green man tle waving in t he win d .
His ragged staff was imperfect, an d of the figure of
Christ n othin g but the feet remain ed . The hermit
1 Vol . i. pp. 65,66
,139.
2 Vol . 11. p. 267 .
IN NEWDIGATE CHURCH, SURREY . 59
holding the lan tern was t he most complete par t of thecomposition , an d on the opposite side there was a castellated buildin g, from a win dow of which appeared figuresof a king and queen . These were very distin ct, an d areen graved in the “Archaeological Journ al ,
”vol . ii . p . 268 ,
an d were conjectured by some to be Edward III . and
Philippa hi s queen . But this was quite an un ten ableview ; the king at least belongs to t he legend . Therewere fragmen ts of an angel playing upon a pipe , an d ofan other upon a double tabor . This idea of an atten dan ceof celestial harmony is by n o m ean s usual . There werealso two scrolls with traces of in scription s— upon on e,
the words Qui por were visible, which wasmost likely a part of the an cien t hymn , as given
’
below
an d these two scrolls,which were on either side of the
head of St . Christopher, were doubtles s the two first lin esof it
0 San cte Christopher'
s
Qu i p or tas t i J esum Chris tumPer Mare rubrum ,
Nec fran x ist i cru rum ,
E t hoc est n on m irum
Qu ia fuist i magnum virum .
The pain ting belonged to the en d of the fourteen thcen tury .
As I have previously stated, n umerous examples ofthe subject have been discovered from time to time .
Usually, they resemble each other very closely in planan d details . St . Christopher i s always goin g from rightto left, an d I do n ot kn ow of an in stan ce to t he con trary.
His staff, like an uprooted tree, i s often showin g leavesat the top , and the hermit, fish, an d Ships are verygen eral ; but the Croydon example is the on ly on e
which I have n oted as giving us celestial min strel sy .
The fullest subject, an d on e which en ters more com
plet ely in to the rest of the legen dary story of the sain t,makin g it thus the most remarkable example, i s tha tdiscovered at SHORWELL, in the Isle of Wight, an d whichis engraved in the Journ al of the British Archaeological Association ,
”vol . iii . p . 85 , with a memoir by Mr .
ON A PAINTING OF ST. CHRISTOPHER
Fairhol t . In this we have the figure of St . Christopheroccupying t he cen tre, an d above, by the side of thatof Chri st, a scroll bearin g these words , Ego sumalpha et w (Omega) . On the stran d which he has left,stands also his figure with poin ted shoes an d closelyfi t t ing jerkin , a fashion able attire of the time (fourteen thcen tury) , yet holdin g the uprooted tree ; an d he i sturn ing his head back, waving his right han d as if inpartin g . A little distan ce off i s a crucifix, and stillfarther t wo figures on horseback , behin d a hedge orperhaps a wood . There i s a little figure Sitting quietlyfishin g, which is n ot un common . The hermit an d
hermitage on the Opposite Side are in the distan ce . In
the middle distan ce stan ds a king, an d a man with drawnsword by his side ; an d an arrow sticks in the kin g’sright eye . This portion belongs to the subject of themartyrdom , which is represen ted in the foregroun d, wheret he Sain t boun d to a column i s being shot with arrows .Many of these, however, glan ce upwards towards thekin g, an d on e has reached his right eye . In the legen dit i s stated, that on an at t empt being made to putChristopher to death by arrows, on e en tered t he eye ofthe king . Al l the in ciden ts here given are close illust rat ion s of t he popular legend, which I shall presen tlydetail ; but such a complete ren derin g of it as this i sso extremely un usual, that I can n o t remember an otherlike it . Though it does n o t embrace the whole of thestory, it con tain s so much of it as to exhibit a full an dpopular accoun t
,en ding with t he martyrdom .
Having thus given a gen eral glan ce at some of theexamples of this subject which have been di scovered onthe walls of our churches, I will n ow proceed to consider the legen d . Perhaps
,of all t he stories which
appear in the lives of the sain ts, there is scarcely on e
other which warran ts so little creden ce . As a myth itpresen ts itself as a typical form , showing how easy i ssuch a growth from elemen ts of the vaguest character .The common est suggestion applied to all such, i s fraud ;yet a closer in spection an d more mature con sideration ,
casting aside all prejudice, quite dispels such an idea .
hear t , an d min d . So his n ame . Almost everything elsewhich follows is built upon this . His great stature i sbut a mean s of in dicating moral as well as physicalstrength, on e lon g practised an d kn own to art, especiallywhen in its in fan cy .
Christopher was a Canaan by race,
'
of lofty statu re,and terrible
coun tenan ce he measured twelve cubits in length. Whilst residin g witha certain king, i t cam e in to his m ind t o find ou t who was t he greatestprin ce of this world. He then w en t t o a king esteemed by report t ohave n o equal in dign ity. The king received him ,
and he remain ed at
h is court. Bu t t he j ester, who often sang before t he king, frequ en tlyn amed t he devil , an d t he king, who held t he fai t h of Christ
,when ever
he heard i t,made t he Sign of t he cross upon his face . This Christopher
observing, won dered what i t m ean t, and asked of t he king t he reason,
who was unw il l ing t o tel l him . Then Christopher told h im if he did
n ot,he wou ld n o longer remain with him . On this t he king said
,
‘As
often as I hear t he n am e of devil,I make this Sign ,
l est I shou ld fal lin to h is power
,an d he do me inju ry.
’To whom Christopher said
,
‘If
you fear t he devil shou ld hurt you ,he m u st be stronger than you and
he then l eft t he cou rt of t he king in search of t he devil as t he greaterprin ce . A s he proceeded across a certain sol itude
,he met a great m u l
t it ude of sol diers,ou t of whom on e fierce an d terrible came up t o him ,
and deman ded whither he wen t. He an swered,I go t o seek my lord
t he devil,whom I in ten d t o be my lord.
’
A t which he repl ied,
‘I am
he whom thou seekest.’ Christopher rejoiced,and bound him self t o
perpetual service, an d received him for h is lord . AS they proceededtogether, they cam e t o where a cross was erected on t he comm on way.
Presen tly t he. devil , seeing t he cross, fled terrified back t o t he sol itude.
Christopher demanded t he reason,which was given very reluctan tly, and
was told ‘that a certain man nam ed Christ was affixed t o t he cross,
which sign when I see mu ch alarms m e,an d I fly.
’
To this Christopherrej oin ed
,Christ m ust therefore be greater and m ore powerfu l than thee
,
as his Sign you fear so much. In vain,therefore
,have I labou red
,for as y et
t he greatest prince of the worl d I have n ot found. Now,then
,i t fol lows
that I m u st leave thee an d seek after Christ. ’ Then he,proceeding on
his search,found a certain herm it, who preached Christ t o him ,
and
di ligen tly in structed him in his faith . The herm it told him that t heking he desired t o serve requ ired of him that he shou ld frequ en tly fast.Christopher asked if there were n othing else. The herm it rejoin ed, i twas requ isite t o say m any prayers . To which said Christopher, I known ot what profit such service on ly can be.
’
To whom t he herm itKn owest t hou n ot a certain river in which many crossing are in danger
and perish‘l’ He an swered
,I kn ow i t . ’ Then repl ied he, ‘You are
of lofty stature, an d of great strength if by that river you l ive, and youcarry over al l t o t he King Christ, whom you desire t o serve
,i t w il l be
gratefu l, and I hope that there he may man ifest himself t o thee.
’
Christopher acceded t o t he herm it’s teaching, and went and dwel t by
IN NEWDIGATE CHURCH, SURREY. 68
t he river, having bu il t himself a habitation , an d then ce he conveyedevery on e across. Many days had passed. Whilst he rested in his dwel ling, he heard t he voice of a child cal ling him , saying, Christopher, comeou t an d carry me over. ’ Immediately he wen t ou t and found n o on e.
Return ing back he heard t he same voice cal l ing, but on again going ou t
he saw n o on e. A third time he was cal led, and wen t ou t and found a
child by t he ban k of t he river,who asked Christopher t o con vey him
across. SO taking t he chil d upon his shou lder,an d his staff in his
hand,he en tered t he river in order t o cross over. An d behold t he waters
of t he river began by degrees t o swel l,an d t he boy t o weigh l ike t he
heaviest lump of lead . The more he proceeded t he m ore t he wavesincreased
,an d t he child more an d m ore pressed upon his shou lder as
an in tol erable weight, so that Christopher was '
in great strait, an d
threaten ed w ith ex trem e peril . Bu t scarcely had he got across t heriver
,an d placed t he child upon t he bank, than he said t o him
,
‘In
great peril, boy, hast thou placed m e,for thou hast weighed so
,that if
t he whol e worl d had been upon m e i t wou l d n ot have been greater. ’To whom t he child
,
‘Wonder n ot,Christopher
,for n ot on ly t he
whole world bu t him who created it hast thou born e u pon t hy shou lder,
for I am Christ t hy King whom in this office t hou hast served. An d
that I say t he truth, and can prove i t , when thou crosses t back fix t hystaff in t he earth by t hy dwel l ing, an d in t he m orn ing thou wi lt see i tflower an d in l eaf.’ Immediately he van ished from h is sight.”
It will be at on ce seen that this i s the in ciden t on
which t he subject, so frequen tly di scovered in ourchurches , i s foun ded . Occasion ally t he staff is shownwith leaves even as he is crossing t he stream . Thiskin d of licen se is common en ough in legen dary art, thein ten tion being obviously to fill the subject with as muchmatter as possible con n ected with t he story ; the un itiesbein g of very little importan ce .
The Situation in which t he figure of St . Chri stopheri s gen erall y foun d in our churches , i s that Opposite t hechief or common en tran ce, or at least in such a con
Spicuous place as to be seen at on ce by every worshipperon en tering .
‘ Now the mean in g of t hiS,— for it has aspecial m ean ing, will be foun d by examin in g in to t hepopular ideas of t he power of thi s Sain t, which are
expressed in several an cien t Latin rhymes . On e, for
1 Som etimes a figu re of St . Christopher is found external ly. On e was
on a hou se at Treves . It seems t o have been a very common practicein som e parts of Germany, and especial ly so in Carin thi a.
—MOLANUS,
de His t . SS . Imagin um ,l ib. ii i . cap . xxvii .
in stan ce, tell s us that so great are thy virtues , St .Christopher, that whoso sees thee in the morn ing willsmil e at n ight .”
Christ ophore san ct e,Virt u t es sun t tibi t an t se,Qu i t e mane Viden t,Nocturno tempore riden t.
Al so , Whoever hon ours the form of St. Christopher,on that day will n ot die a bad death .
”
Christ ophori san cti speciem qu icunqu e t uet ur,Ist fi. n empe die n on m orte malam oriet ur.
”
An d, Behold Christopher, afterwards thou art safe .
Chris t ophorum v ideas postea tutus eas.
Withou t question , then , the worship or hon our paidto St . Christopher was very great with the commonpeople . It can no t be doubted that the lastly quotedphrase expressed a desire , which the walls of ourchurches so often fulfilled, v iz . , of givin g an opportun ityof seein g so gracious a form . Let us remember alsothe yeoman in Chaucer’s Can terbury Pilgrimage” i sdescribed as wearing a St . Christopher .
A Crist ofre he bare upon his brest of silver sheen .
Perhaps thi s was as a charm again st ill .But Erasmus has given us a whimsical dialogue in hisColloquy of the Shipwreck ,
”in . which a fellow makes
the most extravagan t vows to t he Sain t, which hisfort un es are quite un able to fulfil, if he would on lyrelease him from his threaten ed peril . He Offers to t hefigure of St . Christopher at Paris , a moun tain of wax
”
as big as that of the statue itself ? A n eighbour of his
1 Perhaps this m ean s sudden death.
2 This celebrated statue, t o which Erasmus refers, was twen ty-eightfeet in height, an d was fixed t o t he secon d pil lar of t he n ave of NotreDame
, n ear t he grand or western en tran ce. It originated in a vow m ade
by An toin e des Essarts, Chamberlain , coun cil lor, and valet-carver t oChai les VI
, king of Fran ce when m prison,and In cons equen ce
of his m iracu lou s del iveran ce at n ight, ascribed t o Sain t Chr is topher.I t was destroyed at t he Revolu t ion .
detailed, belon ging to the earlier part of the legen d,except that of the arrow glan cin g in to t he king’s eye,which is given in on e of the subjects .On e of the earliest of wood- engravin gs ,
‘datedi s a figure of St . Christopher of the usual type, an d
ben eath it is a variation of on e of the Latin distichspreviously given ; viz .
Christ oferi faciem die quacunque t ueris,Il lan empe die morte male. n on morieris.
One in stan ce occurs of a St . Christopher formin g abrass , an d examples have been foun d on Sign et rin gs,attestin g t he popularity of t he Sain t .The etymological composition of the n ame, which both
in Greek an d Latin sign ifies Christ ” an d “ to bear,”
at On ce expresses , perhap s , t he whole truth belongnto this myth . And as this is by n o mean s t he on lyin stan ce, but that in which prin ciples are more clearlyseen , t he legen d has a Special in terest, which would n ot
otherwise belon g to it .Subjoin ed is a list of those churches in which figures
of Sain t Christopher have been discovered pain ted upont he walls, taken from that previously referred to .
Barkston Chu rch, Lin coln shire.—Assoc. Arch. Soc. Repor t s, ix . 23.
Bel ton Chu rch,Suffolk—Arch. Journ a l , xx i . 2 18 .
Can terbu ry Cathedral , Ken t —Dun can’
s Can terbury, 4 7 .
C rostwight Chu rch, Norfolk .—~N orfolkArchaeology, ii . 352.
Croydon Chu rch, Su rrey—Archceologica l Journ al , ii . 267 .
Cu l lum pt on ,Devon shire
,Chu rch of St . Andrew .
-Exeter Dioc. Archi* t eet . Soc ,
ii i . 264,2 68 .
Ditteridge Chu rch,W il ts—Archceological Jowrn al, x ii . 195 .
1 Copied in Jackson ’
s Trea t ise on Wood Engraving ,also in t he
Gen t leman’
s Magazin e for August, 1839 ,and Agincou rt’s His toire
de l’
Ar t,&c.
2 The date on this Is a subj ect of much dispute. It appears t o readMil lesimo CCCC0 XXO terc1o in Agin couI t
’
s copy. Withou t en tering in to this question , which has been
b
so mu ch debated,I w il l ven tu re
t ot ,
s tat e that t he styl e of t he work more n early resembles that found at
t he en d of t he fifteen th cen tury.
IN NEWDIGATE CHURCH, SURREY. 67
Drayton Church, Norfolk—Norfolk Archaeology, iii . 24 .
Feering Chu rch, Essex—Bri t . Arch. Associa tion Jowrnal, 11. 190 .
Fritton Church, Norfolk - NorfolkArchceology, iv .
!
345 .
Gawsworth Church, Cheshi re —Norfolk Archaeology, v . 222.
Horley Church,Banbu ry, Oxfordshire. Archaeological Journal,
x iii . 4 16.
Melcombe Horsey Church, Dorsetshire.—Archceological Journal, iii .
265 .
Norwich,St . Giles
’
s Church .
Norwich,St . Et heldred
’
s Church —NorfolkArchaeology, v. 120 .
Reading, Berks hire, Chu rch of St . Lawren ce — Civi l Engineer and
Archi tects’
Journal,185 1
,p . 195 .
Salisbury Cathedral , Wilts. Hungerford Chapel . Hoare, Sou th
Wi lt shire,vi . 5 42.
Shorwel l, Isle ofWight —Bri t . Arch. Associat ion Journal, iii . 85 .
Somerford Keyn es Church,Wil ts .
Stedham Church,Sussex —Sussex Arch. Coll . iv . 1.
Stow Bardolph Chu rch,Norfolk.
—Norfolh Archaeology, iii . 186, 138 .
Watford Church, Herts .—Rri t . Arch . Associa t ion Journa l, iv . 7 1.
Wel ls Chu rch,Norfolk— NorfolkArchaeology, v. 8 4 .
Whimpl e Chu rch,Devon —Tran s . Exet er Dioc. Archi t ect . Society,
iv . 51.
W imbotsham, Norfolk—Norfolk Archaeology, ii . 136.
W inchest er,St . John ’
s Chu rch .
Win chester,S t . Lau ren ce’s Church—Bri t . Arch. Associat ion Jou rna l,
x . 80 vi . 18 4 .
Witton Chu rch,Norfolk—NorfolkArclweol. Coll . v i . 4 0 .
An example was al so foun d at Hen grave , Suffolk,Journ . of Brit . Arch . Association ,
” i . 189 .
There i s on e, but much defaced, on a pier of t hen orth side of the n ave of St . Alban ’s Abbey church .
In the church of West Wickham , Ken t, on t he
borders of t he two coun tie s of Ken t an d Surrey, amongsome exceedingly in teresting remain s of pain ted glass ,date about 14 8 0 , i s a figu re of St . Christopher . The
head an d expression i s so well design ed, that it willfavourably compare with any of t he figures amon g t heboasted Fairford win dows , whil st in precision of execution , an d even in style, it i s certain ly superior to t hegreater n umber in that series . I do n ot kn ow of anyexample of St . Christopher strictly belon gin g to m e
diaeval art whi ch is so’
good . In Kn ockm oy Abbey,been foun d . It is re
Journ a ,
” xx . 180 . In
the in teresting little church of Nor thol t , Middlesex, on ewas discovered about t en years ago , similarly situated tothat at Newdigate ; it was unhappily destroyed again stthe wish of the rector
, an d was n ot recorded by anysketch or drawin g .
In the art of t he Eastern Church St . Christopher doesn ot seem to occupy so much regard, an d I must expres smy opin ion that t he legen d itself belon gs en tirely to t heWest . The sain t, however , i s ackn owledged , an d in t heMan uel d ’
Icon ographie Chrétienn e,” p . 325 , publ i shed
by M . Didron , the direction s for pain ting him are simplyas “ young an d un bearded .
”In a n ote he says : “ In
Greece Sain t Christopher i s ordin arily represen ted likean Egyptian divin ity, with the head of a dog or wolf. Ihave several times asked for an explan ation , an d n o on e
has ever been able to give it to me . The Greeks of to - day,les s believin g than their an cestors
,destroy or mutilate
this dog’s head , as I have remarked on a fresco of Sain tLaura at Athen s .” So that n either in t he recen t mode,n or in the con ven tion of an cien t u se, do we recogn izeanything an alogous to the art of the West . This discrepan cy n ot on ly gives colour to t he idea that t he legen dis n ot kn own to the Eastern Church, but also that it i sn ot of very remote an tiquity . It i s pos sibly n ot mucholder than t he eleven th or twelft h cen tury ; but St . Christ opher i s said to have suffered martyrdom un der Deciusin the third cen tury .
Sin ce the above was written , an amen ded list of pain tings has been put in progress by t he authorities of SouthKen sington , in which an addition of n in e more churchescon tain in g represen tation s of St . Christopher are given .
They are as un der
Ampn ey Crucis Church, Gloucestershire.
Bart low Church, Cambridgeshire.
Bloxham Church, Oxfordshire .
Bradfiel d Combust Church, Suffolk.
Bemburg Church , Cheshire—Archreological Journ .
,xxiv. 67 .
Chesham ,Bucks .
Ciren cester, S t . Katherin e’s Chapel .Headington , Oxfordshire.
—P roceedings Soc. An tiq.,2nd series, 11. 316.
Preston,Suffolk.
L I M P S F I E L D C HU R C H .
BY MAJOR HEALES,E.S.A .
HEAn n ual Excursion of this Society in 18 65 in cludeda visit to Limpsfield Church . It was foun d to be a
building which had previously suffered so much that doubtwas felt by t he Committee as to t he desirability of hal tingthere ; but it happen ed to fall in with t he route whichwas fixed for other reason s , an d an accoun t of t he churchan d its registers was subsequen tly published .
1
Durin g t he summer of t he past year (18 7 1) con siderable works upon t he building have been effected , an d ithas been ,
what in domestic phrase would be spoken of,as “ turn ed in side out . ” The result has afforded someaddition al in formation respectin g t he structure which itmay be well to place before t he Society by way of a briefsupplemen t to t he accoun t of t he church already publ ished an d it will n ot be without in terest to n ote howfar t he accoun t given proves to be correct when t he
buildin g is seen stripped of t he whole of t he plaster withwhich t he walls had been covered .
The chan cel was certain ly somewhat later than t he
tower, n ave , an d aisle, which presen t t he appearan ceof datin g from t he latter en d of t he twelfth cen tury,while t he chan cel i s distin ctly of t he Early En glishstyle . The differen ce of date was very man ifest upon an
examin ation of the masonry of t he n orth - east angle oft he tower, which run s up in depen den tly, while t he wallof the chan cel i s built up again st, an d n ot completely
1 Proceedings of this Society, vol . iv. p . 238 .
LIMPSFIELD CHURCH . 71
bon ded in to it . There is always very great difficulty indetermin in g the age of a wall, in con sequen ce of the factthat win dows an d doors an d the orn amen tal work towhich we are en abled to attach a date were often in sertedin earlier walls ; and sometimes , on t he other han d, an
early feature may be retain ed an d rebuilt in a later wall,though th is is very unusual in the case of anythin g buta Norman doorway, which seems t o have been gen erallytreated with exception al favour . It is on ly when we seea bare wall which has been stripped of its plaster that wecan , by an examin ation of t he mason ry, feel any absolutecertain ty of t he comparat ive age of differen t parts of abuilding .
In the n or th wal l of t he tower was a plain flat soffit edarch
,built up at t he time when visited by t he Society, but
n ow reopen ed to the chan cel . The form of t he arch ,an d the fact of its bein g cut straight through the wall ,without even t he edges chamfered , in dicate a date of t heearliest poin ted architecture . In my previous accoun t ofthe church there is men tion of a doorway in t he towern ear the east en d of t he n orth wall , conjectured to haveled, through the thickn ess of t he wall , over t he arch an d
to the Rood- loft . Its head i s segmen tal - poin ted , higheron on e side than t he other a form n ot un likely to occurin a staircase doorway in a confin ed situation , or else ina hagioscope . When den uded of plaster, this , which hadpreviously been supposed to be a doorway, appearedfrom the mason ry to have been merely a reces s . Thatit was n ot t he en tran ce to stairs leadin g up to t he Roodloft i s further in dicated by t he fact that t he s t r1pped wallshowed n o sign of any upper outlet . The height of thisrecess from the groun d an d its small dimen sion s , aswell as the n ature of t he walling which t he passage (hadthere been on e) must have traversed, were circumstan cesadverse to t he origin al conjecture . The hypothesis thatit was a hagioscope is also un ten able ; t he appearan ceof t he mason ry, an d the fact that in passin g through thewall it would have cut through the chan cel strin g- course—which , however , i s un injured—are together fatal .But what it really was is by n o mean s easy to conjee
72 LIMPSFIELD CHURCH.
ture . It is improbable in the extreme that such a formof head would ,have been chosen for a n iche, un less on
accoun t of some special circumstan ces , of which there i shere n o in dication .
Within the walls of t he tower were marks of a parclose or screen on ce crossin g t he western arch betweent he tower an d aisle . The section of moulding, which bysome oversight is labelled as being t he section of capof west respon d , i s t he impost of this arch ; it run sstraight through t he wall, although t he arch is recessedan d widely chamfered . The section of base i s correctlydescribed as that of t he west respon d .
The doorway in t he east wall of the tower, which, Iam in formed, was ou t about t he year 1827 as an en tran ceto the vestry then built, i s n ow plastered over, an d t heben ch- table con tinued across it . I am also in formed thatt he win dow previously in t he east wall of t he tower wasremoved an d in serted in t he vestry .
The piscin a in t he south wall of t he tower i s extremelyrude ; its head is an irregular flatten ed semi - ellipse ; iti s spoken of in my former n otes as bein g very late .
Some person s suppose it to be of the origin al work oft he tower, but it i s impossible to say with certain ty .
In this side of t he tower a win dow of two lights in thestyle of tran sition from Early English to Geometric hasbeen substituted for t he poor on e with a brick mullionwhich had at some previous time been there in serted .
The vestry which adjoin ed the chan cel an d tower wasof n o particular in terest, and has been removed .
In the south side of the chan ce] , the t wo lan cets ,placed (as will be seen on a referen ce to the an astaticsketch accompanying t he origin al description of t he
church) at an unusually high level for a chan cel of thesedimen sion s, have been reopen ed . This became prac t icable in con sequen ce of t he removal of the vestry . TheSplay of their jambs was discovered to be pain ted, perhaps coevally . It is simply a division by red lin es likeston ework, an d in the cen tre of each little compartmen ta dark green cin quefoil flower : it is well preserved .
A very remarkable little win dow has been di scovered
LIMPSFIELD CHURCH.
broad lan cet win dow . The date of the Stowe
ph chan cel i s n ot much later than that at Limpsnd t he gen eral resemblan ce i s strikin g : t he levelfloorin g has eviden tly been somewhat altered .
win dow in the east en d of t he chan cel , as will be .
1 referr in g back to our view of t he church, was ofest Perpendicular date . Upon t he removal of theof that wall, features of con siderable in terest
discovered . Over t he altar there had been ath e precise design of which was n ot verydistinguishable ; there remain ed a ston e framin g7 ft . wide by 3 ft . 5 in . high , roughly filled in withfork, an d in t he chamfer of each jamb was a t repan el . On each side of the win dow beyon d thewas a good - sized n iche for a statue , below which ,
r separated by a thin shelf of ston e , it was carriedin t he form of an aumbry . Below the level of t hein dow there are two recesses the on e in the cen treeast wall , behin d the altar itself, is segmen tal-headedider than high , m easuring 1 ft . 7 in . high by 2 ft . 1 in .
an d 1 ft . 5 in . deep, an d has a rabbet for a door :probably a reliquary, though reliquaries are ex
ly rare in En glish churches but examples may besuch as t he remarkable in stan ce at Somptin g,
z. The other recess i s situated close to the south"
t he east wall ; it i s of the same form , 1 ft . 5 in .
)y 1 ft . 11 in . wide, an d 1 ft . 5 in . deep . It mayly have served as a creden ce .
en the plaster was stripped off the east wall,it was
that there remain ed on the out-side the cills oflan cet win dows , the ou ter jambs of t he side on es ,art of their heads ; an d on the in side, the inn erof the side on es .herefore appeared clearly that there had origin allyt t riplet of lan cets, subsequen tly removed to giveto t he window an d reredos to which we havezed : the latter have been removed an d a triplet ofs substituted . The inn er jambs m en tion ed wereto have been pain ted at three successive date srigin al Early English , t he same as that n ow pre
LIMPSFIELD CHURCH. 75
served on south win dows of chan cel ; over that a scroll
pain t ing abou t a cen tury later ; and over that again apain ting of pomegran ates of Perpen dicular date . The
pain tin g was n ot in good preservation , an d when exposedto the weather by the removal of the coverin g of t heroof an d upper part of the east wall, the attempt to preserve it proved fruitless .Taken together, the whole east en d form ed, with the
wi n dow, a reredos of very late Perpen dicular date . Suchexamples in English parish churches are extremely un
common ; but a very fin e on e, also of Perpen dicular date,though earlier, exists at Reigate , whereof such part oft he tabern acle -work as projected had been cut away, t hehollows filled up , an d t he whole covered with a levelsurface of plaster , perfectly con cealing the work un tiln early thirty years ago , when it wa s discovered an d re
open ed, an d t he origin al ston ework clean ed, so that itn ow presen ts an excellen t an d in teresting feature in thatfin e church .
On t he n orth side of the chan cel it was discovered thatwhat in t he n orth chan try had t he appearan ce of ablocked piscin a, was a small doorway through t he wallto t he chan cel very n ear t he east en d . The doorway inthis very un usual position , i s splayed outwards from t he
chan cel , an d t he door itself was clo se to t he chan cel faceof t he wall, an d it open ed outwards towards t he chapel .Discoveries were also made in t he chan try . In the
east wall two jambs , similar to those foun d in the chan cel ,were discovered ; in con sequen ce of which t he subsequen tlate win dow, seen in our view, has been superseded by atriplet correspondin g with that n ow in the chan cel ; an
un u sual feature . Near t he south end of the east wall i sa rectan gular aumbry with rabbet . Not far from theeast en d of t he n orth wall
, was discovered a doorwayjamb . The two- light square-headed win dow n ear it
,
men tion ed in our former n otes , i s early in t he Perpen
dicu lar style . There was sufficien t eviden ce to showthat there had been origin ally three single lan cets in then orth Wall . The buttres s which was put to strengthenthe wall blocked on e, and the two - light win dow was
MIM I D ] : u u U AL U u u u 0
probably substituted for the other, to give moreThe doorway in the n orth wall was very likely blat the same date .
In t he south aisle of the church,the discover
,
made, ben eath t he two - light win dow, of a double 1}scope, each wider than usual and n early squarehinges remain ed . The clas s of win dow called lyscope almost invariably occurs in the chan cel, 0 1
les s common ly, n ear t he east en d of an aisle ; s
this i s a very peculiar example .
On t he n orth side of t he chan cel arch was discovdoorway with a four- cen tred head
,probably early
work .
I am in formed that when t he n orth aisle was
(in 1852) steps were foun d in t he thickn ess of t hewhich then formed t he west wall of the chan try,am un able to ascertain anything further respectin gAs a conjecture I should suggest that t he staircaseing up to t he Rood- loft m ay have run up here, incase, t he upper Rood doorway (on t he south) m aybeen in ten ded merely as a mean s of access , by v
t he loft, to the upper part of the tower . There vupper doorway on t he n orth perceptible , but this Ithe buildin g seems to have had alteration s madeas appears by t he Perpen dicular doorway n orthchan cel arch .
The facts thus ascertain ed, in con sequen ce of theof restoration effected in the past year, confirmwas previously stated respecting t he earlier hist<the building . The presen t n ave , south aisle an d
at its en d, are t he oldest parts , bein g of t he dat e 0
sitiou from t he roun d - arched to the poin ted stylchan cel an d n orth chan try were Early En glish .
early Perpen dicular win dow was in serted in t he
wall of t he chan try, an d in t he chan cel t he rered<
east win dow in serted at a later date . In 18 52 t he
arcade an d aisle were built, the old chan cel arplaced by that which n ow exists ; an d when visi'
t he Society,the church gen erally had a m ode
appearan ce .
SUR R EY ETYMOLO GIES.
BY GRANVILLE LEVESON -GOWER,ESQ ,
E.S.A.
TANDRIDGE HUNDRED. Part I.
BLETCHINGLEY .
LETCHINGLEY Domesday Survey , Blachingelei1
Charter cir . Edw . I . , Blaschingel .2 Derived probably
from t he clan or family of t he Blaecings , t he suffix lea orley being the open forest -glade . Compare Bl et chingt on ,
in Oxfordshire Bleccingden ,in Ken t an d Blachingdon ,
in Sussex ; an d in Germany, Blochin gen .
3
CIVENTON,n ow Chivin gton , formerly the prin cipal
man or ; Domesday Survey, Civen t on e . The Ton ,
”
t he en closure or dwellin g of t he Cifings, t he familywhose n ame appears in Chevin gton ,
in WorcestershireChevin gton , Suffolk an d Chevigny an d Chevin court, inFran ce ; 4 an d possibly Cheven ing,
1n Ken t .
GARSTCN, a man o i in t he pa1 ish , givin g n ame to afamily living there temp . Hen . III . In Coul sdon i s a placeof t he same n ame , Garston Hall , an d in t he Saxon Chartersoccurs Prat um que quod Saxon ice Garst un appel lat ur,
” 5
referrin g to a place in Sussex . It i s probably derivedfrom goers or grass , grass, an d sign ifies the grass en closure,or meadow .
6
1 Man n ing and Bray, His t . Su rrey, vol . 11. p . 291 .
2 [d.,v ol . ii . p . 266 (Plate).
3 Taylor, Words an d P laces, App , p . 500 .
4 [d .
,App.
,p . 501 .
5 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart . cool .
6 Leo,Names of P laces, p . 20 and Lower, Con tribu t ion s to Li t era ture,
Local Nomen clature,
” p. 33.
H
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 1 9
PENDELL, or PENDHILL, derived by Mann ing 1 from p en ,
a head, an d del l, a dale . Taylor ? refers it to t he Celtic
p en an d the Saxon ki ll, two syn onymous words , an d
cites Pen dl e Hill, in Lan cashire Penhi ll, in Somersetshire and Dumfries- shire . I am unwi ll ing to accepteither of these derivation s ; in the first place, because
(except in the case of river n ames) I do n ot believethat any Gaelic or Celtic forms of words are to be foun din the coun ty of Surrey, so purely Saxon a coun ty an d
in the n ext place, it is in appropriate as a descri ption ofthe place . There is n o eviden ce that the range of hills,or any on e of them, to the n orth of the house, was evercalled Pendhil l : the old residen ce to which t he n amebelongs is situated in the valley some way from t he footof t he chalk ran ge . I think that its origin i s to bereferred to the Anglo -Saxon pyndanf
”to fen ce or en closein . It woul d, therefore, be either p eond lea , the en closedforest glade
,a n ame in every way applicable to it, as
distin guished from the den se wooded valley by whichi t would be surroun ded, or p eond hu l l, the dwellingen clo sed from t he wood . From p eond comes our word
p ound, an d p inder a poun d-keeper .HAM, a large farm , formerly a residen ce of n ote , lyin g
by itself, an d completely surroun ded by the lan d of otherparishes . This word, which is so common as a suffix, i sn ot so oft en foun d alon e . There is a Ham Farm in WestWickham . A farm in Westerham,
temp . Elizabeth , wascall ed Ha es5 and the fortress of Ham , in Picardy, waswhere t he—fi st Napoleon was con fin ed . It is here n ott he ham , or home, but helm , sign ifyin g an en closure , thatwhich hems in ,
”n ot very differen t from ton ,
or worth .
4
In the coun try of the Angles , as well as here [in Northsays Out-zen ,
every en clo sed place is calleda hamm .
” 5
1 His t . of Su rrey, vol . 11. p . 306.
2 Words and P laces,p. 212 .
3 Leo,Anglo
-Saxon Names,p . 3 .
Taylor, Words and P laces, pp. 123—4 .
Glossary of, the Frisian Lan guage, p . 113 . See also Leo on AngloSawon Names, pp. 38—4 1 .
8 0 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
STANCRAVE, an an cien t man or, giving its n ame to afamily . The word graf, or grafe, says Leo , was appliedto an estate in which t he boun dary-marks were buried int he groun d . It may be t he s tan e-
graf, or estate , markedwith boun dary - ston es .
1 Grdf, or gray”, however, sign ifies
also a pit, so that it i s m ore pi obably t he ston e pit . In
pa stan graflen i s tran slated by t he editor of Leo ’s work“ in t he ston e-pits . Or, again , graf is like our wordgi ove , an d it may be the stony wood if so , it would bet he same as Stony Shot, t he n ame of a wood in Limpsfield . The1 e 1s a man or an d place of the same n ame i nt he pal i sh of Edenbridge, in Ken t .BREWER STREET, an old lin e of road upon which
stood t he Man or Hou se . It i s spelt in a Court Rollof 1608 Brewhouse Street , an d i s probably a corruptionof that .WARWICKWOLD, or WARWICK VVOCD,
may be t he War orWer Wic, the en clo sure in t he marsh
,a n ame which its
situation would jus t ify, in asmuch as it i s at n o great distan ce from t he marshy lan d which forms a con tin uationof Nu t fiel d Marsh . In t he Codex some lan d in Ken t i smen tion ed , called Wiwarawic ,
”an d there a marsh i s
specially spoken of.3 We meet with the prefix war , fromwhich our word weir i s derived, in “fare, in Hertfordshire ;
41 N'Vareham ,in Dorsetshire, &c . and wic, as Leo
poin ts out,
5 i s con n ected with rode, soft, and i s to bedistinguished from wic, a village .
BLACK BUSHES, t he n ame of a coppice , i s on e of t hemany in stan ces in which we find t he design ation black .
In a Court Roll of the Man or of Bletchin gley, of 1680 , wefin d Blacke Brooke in t he same part of t he parish ,
an d t he n ame by wh ich t he lan d un der t he chalk hills,t he Galt, i s locally kn own , i s the black lan ds . There isa field in Titsey called Blacklan ds , an d in Crowhurst wemeet with Black Grove . Black Down i s the n ame of t he
1 Leo,Anglo
-Saxon Names, p . 110 .
9 [d .,p . 1 10 .
3 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t
, Cart . cclxxx i .4 Taylor, Words an d P laces
,p. 304 .
5 Leo,Anglo
-Saxon Names,p . 98 .
an d the n ame occurs in several fields on a farm in
Wan dsworth .
BCTERAS HILL. The hill by Nu t field Win dmill ; so call edin the Survey of 1680 . I can suggest n o derivation .
FARNEHILL (Survey, 1680) i s t he fern hill . The suflixFearn , or Fern , i s of con stan t occurren ce : we have itin Fearn lega, n ow Farley , in Surrey ; Farley Common ,
at Westerham ; Farley Heath , in Al bury ; . an d FarleyHeath, n ear Bramley besides the n umerous Farnboroughs .NoMAN
’
s LAND. There seems to have been in manyplaces a piece of debatable groun d n ot ascertain ed tobelon g either to on e parish or an other . The word occursn o less than eight times in the Anglo - Saxon Charters ;
1
an d in a Court Roll of t he Man or of Titsey, 8 Hen . IV . ,
lan d is men tion ed called Noman ’s Lan d, between thedomain of Lymn esfel d an d Tyt sey. In this case, it i slan d on the border of Nu t field parish .
BAVINGTONS, a n ame still existing, must be referred tothe family of t he Babingas , whom we fin d in Babbingley,Norfolk, an d Babin gton , Somersetshire, an d in threeplaces of the n ame of Babbingden , Babbinglon d, and
Babbingthorn in the An glo - Saxon Charters .2
TUNBRICCES FARM (Survey, an d still the n ame ofcertain lan ds
,recall s the time when the castle an d man or
were t he property of t he family of de Tonbridge . Richardde Tonbridge was Lord of the Man or temp . DomesdaySurvey .
KITCHIN CRCET (Survey, a wood on t he confin esof Burstow . The n ame occurs frequen tly . There i s aCoppice of the same n ame in the n orth part of the parish ,an d on Cheverel l
’
s Farm, in Titsey, i s a wood calledKitchin Croft, and on e of the same n ame in Limpsfield,an d a Kechin Field in Crowhurst, men tion ed in an earlyCourt Roll . I can give n o explan ation of its mean ing .
POUNDHILL,a wood on the hill immediately south of
the railway lin e, still so called, an d men tion ed in the
1 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart. 61, 150, 233, 265, 420, 520, 570,
1363.2 Id
,Cart. 18 7
,195, 685 , 1222.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 83
Survey Of 1680 , must be referred to the same root asPen dhil l ,
ln amely, p eondan , to en close . There is a
Poun d Wood on the confin es of Crowhurst and Tan dridgeparishes
, an d a Poun dhill to the n orth of Worth .
WILMOTES LANE, a lan e leading to Horn e . This n ameis probably that of some possessor of lan d in the place .
We find a farm of the n ame in Lingfield .
PENNox HILL (Survey, I can give n o derivationof this n ame, un les s it be also a patronymic . I find inthe Testa de Nevil l a Nicholas de Pinnux holding threeparts of a fee in Camberwell .DARBYS (Survey, Customary lan ds n ear God
ston e Green . This is merely a patronymic . I find
Derby on e of t he customary ten an ts of t he man or .
WHITEHILL (Survey, So called, n o doubt, fromits appearan ce, being on e of the chalk ran ge . The manychalk lan es about the coun try are usually design atedWhite Lan e .
” There are two lan es in Titsey socalled .
STYCHINS, or LE STYCHENS (Survey, There issome lan d still so called . In the An glo - Saxon Charterswe fin d a place called St ichen aece .
” 2
TYLER’
S GREEN . Now a small en closure adjoin ingGodston e Green . It is from the Saxon t igel , a tile, ora vessel made of clay ; an d Tyler’s Green would be thePotter’ s Green . The Tuil eries i s simply t he Potteries .COLD HARBOUR, Great Cold Harbour (Survey,
The n ame of a farm on a high poin t of the san d- ridgeoverl ookin g theWeald . I am disposed to agree withMr . Flower,
3 in his Opin ion as to the origin of the n ame ,which Dr . Leo had first suggested,
4an d the more so in as
much as the former has shown that it i s n ot a very an cien t
1 See before,page 2 .
2 Kemble, Codex Dip , Cart. 824 .
3 “Surrey Etymologies, Surrey Arch. Col l , vol . ii i . pp . 242—4 .
4 Leo,Anglo
—Saxon Names, p . 23 . The editor rem arks in t he n otethat t he num erous Cold Harbou rs are for t he m ost part placed in shelt ered situation s
,a statem en t which is n ot at al l born e ou t
,as far as my
experien ce goes . Al l t he Cold Harbours t hat I know,with very few
exception s,are on high exposed ground.
In the secon d Part of the Hun dred of Tan dridge ,cin g the name un der Titsey Parish, I hope to begive a correct list of all the Cold Harbours 1n then oticin g at the same time their Situation . Besidesmen tion ed by Mr ; Flower, an d the on e men tion edGodwin -Au s t en l in Cran ley, there is on e betweenH an d Ewell, an other n ear Leith Hill, an d the n ameof the man ors in Camberwell was Cold Harbour,d Alley .
2 In Su s sex there i s a Little Cold HarborWorth, and in Ken t a Cold Harbor n ear Pen sand a Cold Harbor Farm between Bren chley an d
arhurst . These punn ing n ames, says Leo, are at[GS of rare occurren ce 3
an d n o doubt, as regardsSaxon n ames, this remark is just but in t he
Ages such n ames were very common ly given , an d
D at the presen t time . A word in every respectbe to Cold Harbour i s Hungry Haven ,
”t he n ame
ery poor field in an exposed situation on Botleyarm
,in the parish ofLimpsfiel d . O t her such n ames
oun t Misery, Starve Acre , Small Profits ,Nevergooda wood in Horn e ; Hunger Hill, between Rusper an dham
,in Sussex an d t he n umerous Lon g Robbin s,
Robbin s, Red Robbin s , which are popularly un der.whether rightly or wron gly, to mean t he lan d thato n . Star-n aked for stark -n aked is a common n amefield in Norfolk .
RTH an d SOUTH PARK, the n ames n ow of two farms ,t the north an d the other at the south end ofarish, recall the existen ce of two large parks , orsures , which formerly existed in Bletchingley . Ins(ten t of the Man or of Bletchin gley, 35 Edw . I .
4
on i s made of two parks, worth yearly, with theige, £ 7 . In the Survey of 1680 it was presen ted, the demeasn es of t he Man or did heretofore con sistParkes
,formerly called the littl e Parke and great
lurrey Etymologies, Surrey Arch. Col l , vol . v. part i. p. 12.
i n n ing, His t . of Surrey, vol . iii . p . 404 .
o,Anglo
-Saxon Names of P laces, p. 23.
ancery Inguis. P . M., 35 Edw. I., NO. 47
of the Saxon god Thor, says Taylor, in the name ofThundersfield, in Surrey ;
1 two places called Thun dersleigh, in Essex , and on e in Han ts ; as well as Thun dridge , in Herts , and Thun derhil l , in Surrey . In t he
Saxon Charters , a wood of the n ame of Thun dersfield i smen tion ed at Sutton ,
In Surrey an d In an other charter 3
a place of the same n ame is given at Merstham . To thesame source Thursley, a parish In the west of the coun ty,i s ascribed . A hill in Addington was formerly known asThun dring Hill . Kemble speaks Of Thun dersfield as on eof t he places where the gemot was held .
BYSSHE COURT takes its n ame from the family ofByshe .
In 1382 it was the property of Sir Thomas Byshe, ofBurstow.
EAST an dWEST PARK mark the sites (as at BletchingleyNorth an d S outh Park) of two parks . On an in qui s ition taken on t he death of John de Wysham i n 1334 , itwas foun d that he held a park in Horn e of 200 acres .These “ parks , which are so common ,
come from theOld Saxon p earroc, p arwg, an d sign ify literally any placeen closed by a palin g . They were origin ally large en
clo sure s fen ced in,but n ot , as we n ow un derstan d the
word, as the demesn e attached to a residen ce . We havein Godston e parish Park Corn er
, n ear New Chapel, remin ding u s of t he park formerly attached to the man orof Hedge Court ; Old Park , in the same parish, a woodon t he confin es of Caterham ; Limpsfield Park , a farm inthat parish Park Lan e , in Titsey Farley Park, a largewood in that parish , an d n umerous others .”r
HORNE COURT. This is on e of t he many in stan ces inwhich the appellation of Court attaches to the principal farmhouse in a parish . It is like Place , a n amevery gen eral in Ken t, Suri ey, an d Sussex , but distin
gu ished from it in this way, ~ —that whei eas Place i s t heprin cipal residen ce , Court i s u sually either the farm
1 Words and P laces , p2 Kembl e, Codex Diploma t , 363, 5 32.
3 [d.,Cart. 413.
4 In t he Con veyance ofHenden , i n Ken t, temp. Hen . VIII.,is men
tion of a large park . See al so Surrey Etymologies,” SurreyArch. Coll ,vol . v . part i . p . 12.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 8 7
attached to the residen ce, and that went with the man or,or else a house in the village of secon dary importan ce .
Tan dridge Court (n ow a prin cipal residen ce, but formerlya farm) , Oxted Court, Titsey Court, Chelsham Court,Upper and Nether Court (in Woldingham) , Farley Court,Coulsdon Court, Chaldon Court— all these are, or were,the prin cipal farms in the parish . The term Court Lodgei s very Similar, though perhaps more strictly a Man orHouse . Caterham Cour t Lodge was t he n ame of thehouse n ear the church ; Limpsfiel d Court Lodge, thatof a farm appen dan t to t he man or . The Courts for t heman or were in former times probably held at theseCourt-houses, an d many of them doubtles s are so calledfrom that cause .
1
ROWBEECH i s the rough beech-wood . The prefix row i smet with in Row Tie, the n ame of a wood in Tat sfiel dparish ; Rowhol t s, the n ame of a man or in Chelsham ;Rowlan ds, in Limpsfield an d in other places in t he distriot . Rowfan t , in the parish of Wort h ; Rowhook, in
Rudgwick ; and Rowlan d, in Lamberhurst, are otherin stan ces of the same suffix . Row is explain ed by Halliwell 2 to be an old word for rough, an d he cites severalpassages in which it i s so used . Mr. Godwin -Austenn otices Rowley in Won ersh .
3
THE BREACHEsw LE BRECHE, Ren tal, 1670 . This wordis explain ed by St ratm an n
4 to be bracha, a fallow field ,an d Halliwell 5 defin es it as a plot of lan d preparing foran other crop , an d still used in this sen se in DevonShire . In an Exten t of the man or of Limpsfield, made8 Hen . VI . , a field is m en tion ed called l e Breche, an d
Mr . Godwin -Austen n otices the word un der Ewhurst .6
DOWLANDS i s possibly the dove lan ds—a dowe being an
Old English word for dove .
7
1 In Ken t,however
,many of t he prin cipal residen ces are cal led Court
,
e.g. , Squerryes Cou rt (inWesterham ),Wickham Cou rt, Sayes Court, &c.
2 Hal l iwel l,Dict ion ar y of Archaic and P rov in cial Words, in verbo.
3 Surrey Etym ologies,”Surrey Arch. Col l . vol . v. part i . p. 9 .
4 Dict ionary of Old English, in verbo.
5 Diet . of Archaic and P rovincia l Words, in verbo.
6 “Su rrey Etym ologies,”Surrey Arch. Coll , vol . i . part i . p . 13 .
7 Diet . of Archaic an d P rovincial Words, in verbo.
RIGHT, the n ame of a man or n ow lo st . I can offer noexplan ation of it .HOOK STILE i s t he stile at the hoc, the heel or angle of
the parish . This is the origin of the variou s HookWoods we find . There i s a place in Charlwood of thatn ame, the residen ce formerly of t he San der family, an din Limpsfield, Hookwood—or the Hook as it is popularlycalled— i s at the corn er of that parish , where it j oin sTitsey. Mr . Godwin -Austen n otices “Hook Street
”
un der Al fold .
1 Hook is t he n ame of a parish adjoin in gThames Ditton an d Kingston - on -Thames , Hook Farmin Dun sfold, Hook Green in Lamberhurst, Liphookin Hampshire , an d Hocwold in Norfolk, are otherin stan ces of t he word . At Amsterdam is a projectionof lan d called the Shrieger
’
s Hoock ,” because at thi s
poin t seamen embarked, an d their frien ds were accust om ed to lamen t or shriek at partin g with them .
TUDHAMS, the n ame of a farm , i s probably a patronymic .
PARADISE an d OLD COAT are two of the punn ing class ofn ames before alluded to .
52
PUCKMIRE i s suggestive of the deep clay of which t heparish con sists . Puck is old English for a Sprite ,
3an d
occurs in Pook Hill, Rusper .LOSTLAND i s like No -man ’ s Lan d . Of Chithurst, a ls .
Chitters, I can suggest n o explan ation .
WHITEWOOD i s probably from wast , t he wet wood,to which suffix some of the many Whitleys must bereferred, though some are derived from
“hwaet e,”
wheat .
G O D S T O N E .
GODSTONE . This place was origin ally kn own asWalkam st ed, spel t in the Middle Ages Walkest ed,Wolken est ede, Wolkst ede . It i s men tion ed in three oft he Anglo - Saxon Charters .
4 Byrht ric (a Saxon ) and
(Elfswit h his wife, in 962, gave Wolken est ede to VVul f
1 “Surrey Etymologies, Surrey Arch. Col l ., vol . v. part i. p . 14 .
9 See above,page 6.
3 See page 23.
4 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart . 492, 593, 1242.
90 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
GATESDEN, which gave the name to a family of DeGat esden , i s quite as likely to have been the origin ofGodston e . It would sign ify t he road or passage gate ”
of the den e, or wooded valley, referring to t he old Romanroad or Stan e Street which passes through this district ofthe parish . Taylor says that the passes through lin esof hill or cliff are frequen tly den oted by the root gate ’
Thus Reigate i s a con traction of Ridgegate, the passagethrough the ridge of t he North down s . Gatton i s t hetown at the passage . Caterham an d Godston e m ay
'
pos
sibly be referred to the same root, as well as Gatcombe,in the Isle of Wight .” The popular tradition that -theplace is so called because a great part of the ston e forthe in terior of Westmin ster Abbey was quarried here ,m ay be clas sed amon g the many in stan ces of the desirem en have to assign a plausible mean in g to n ames 2
without stoppin g to in quire either in to the accuracy ofthe tradition , or the an tiquity of the n ame .
3 In thiscase, as far as I kn ow, there i s n o record of the ston ehaving been quarried here, but at Chaldon , and then ame is Saxon , an d therefore in use lon g an terior tothe Middle Ages Gat esden i s 1 efer1 ed by Leo to thegoat .‘1
STRATTON, a residen ce in t he parish, as also Stan sted,marks t he old road or street . St raet t un e i s twice m en
t ion ed by n ame in conjun ction with Wolcn es t ede in t he
Anglo - Saxon Charters before referred to .
5 It is t heTon or dwellin g on the street or road .
LAGHAM. In the Middle Ages the residen ce of theSt . John s , having a moat, so Mann ing
6 tells us, en closing
1 Words and P laces,p . 252 bu t at page 336 t he same au thor, by an
oversight, says that Godstone, in Surrey, l ike Godstow,n ear Ox ford
,
an d Godmun dham,were probably pagan Sites con secrated t o Christian
worship . This is rendered most improbabl e by t he chu rch having beenalways kn own as Walkam st ed.
2 [d .,p . 38 6.
3 So Maidston e is popu larly con sidered t o be t he maids’ town , in s tead
of,as i t is in real i ty, t he town on t he Medway.
4 Anglo Saxo n Names of P laces, p . 13 .
5 Kembl e, Codex Dip lomat,Cart. 4 92
,1242
,and Taylor, Words and
Places, p . 25 1.
6 His t . of Surrey, vol . ii. p . 323 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
five or Six acres . It is probably the laga-ham , or dwellingby the water . It is Situated in a low, wet part of theparish .
LEIGH PLACE, a prin cipal residen ce in the parish, i sthe Meadow Place . Leigh is the name of a vil lage n earTonbridge .MARDEN,
- written variously Merden and Muriden e, i st he Mearc, or Maere -den e, the boun dary of the woodedvalley
,being situated at the poin t where the wooded
valley en ded an d the open hill- coun try began . Thereare two places of the same n ame—one n ear Pluckley,in Ken t, an d the other n ear Devizes , in Wilts , and thesame prefix occurs in Merstham . In the Survey ofBletchingley, 1680 , we find referen ce made to a maereston e in Copt horn , marked with the letter B . Merrol
Common , in Oxted, i s spelt in the old deeds, Merehil l ,an d i s without doubt the “mere ” or boun dary-hill,bein g, as it is, on the confin es of Limpsfield parish .
NOBRICHT, spelt also Norbrit h or Noubrit h . It is theNorfyrh
’S or frith,” or n orth wood . Clo se by is Nocot e,
which I suppose to be the North- cote, the North- cot, orcottage ; cote, as Leo poin ts ou t , being origin ally ahouse of mud or of earth, with loam walls . A farm inTat sfield, n ow kn own as Goddard’s , i s called in t he
Ren tal 1 of 14 02 Nobrigh t’
s ten emen t .HEDCE COURT and COVELINCLEY, a man or in t he south
part of t he . parish , an d partly in Horn e . The formeris on e of the many n ames of en closure s that we fin dHaga, Saxon , a hedge ; the Court being probably t heplace where the cour t s for t he man or were held .
COVELINCLEY. I can give n o satisfactory derivation ofthis word . It would look, at first Sight, like t he n ame ofa family
—the Couel ings or Covelings . N0 such patronym i c i s, however, given either by Kemble or Taylor i n
their list . In an In quisi t ion of 1313, this dis t 1 ict i smen tion ed by the n ame of Lin delegh , and in a deed of1366 we find a wood called Lyn le . Supposin g this to bethe right orthography, it would seem to con n ect it with
1 Leo, Anglo-Saxon Names, p. 55 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Lind,the lin den , or lime -tree ; bu t it i s more pro
bably “Lin gley, and derived, as Lingfield, from t he
lin g or heather, which Is very abun dan t i n this partof the parish . The prefix may be merely Cow, whichwe fin d in Cowlin g and Cowden , in Ken t, and manyother places .FELLRRIDCE an d FELLCOURT, origin ally written Felcot e .
A field, 0 1 feld, as Taylor poin ts out,
1 i s in its primarysen se a place where the trees have been felled . Fellbridge , then ,
i s t he bridge at the “ clearing
” Of t hewood ; Fellcot e , t he cottage at t he clearing .
”
NEW CHAPEL. Mann in g‘1 refers this n ame to t he
chapel which i s men tion ed in a con veyan ce of HedgeCourt from Hugh Craan to Nicholas de Louvain e, in1366, and cites a farm called Chapel Farm n ot far off.This latter i s an old n ame , an d i s , n o doubt, to bereferred to this source but the n ame of New Chapeli s, I think, derived from a chapel built at this spot byMr . James Evelyn in 1 78 7 .
TILEURSTOW, t he n ame of an open heath an d fir plan tation , as well as of a hill on the East Grin stead road .
The latter part of the wood is probably the bearo orbyru stow,
” the en closure of the wood . This word ,written beru in Kemble
’
s Charters , mean s a fruitfulproductive wood, Si ipplying mast for fatten in g pigs .Hen ce t he origin of t he n ame of t he n eighbouring parishof Burstow . There was formerly in this parish a man orof Tylmun desden , as appears by an In quisition takenupon the death of John de Borewyk, in 1314 ,
in
which it was foun d that Hegge Court was held of t heMan or of Tylmun desden .
‘1 We meet with t he prefixTil , in Tilgat e, before alluded to ; in Tilbersford an d
Tilmun dshoo, in Sussex .
THE RIPPS, a piece of common adjoin in g . The samen ame occurs in Limpsfield of a portion of the common .
It has been erron eou sly derived from the Roman rip ce.
1 Words and P laces, 160,and n ote.
2 Hist of Surrey, vol . 11. p . 332.
3 Leo,Anglo Saxon Names
,pp. 103—105 .
4 Manning, His t . of Surrey, vol . ii. p. 331.
94 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
BLlNDLEY HEATH, the n ame of a common in thesouthern part of the parish . It i s probably an oldEnglish n ame . A blin d lan e is a common expres sionin the district for a grass lan e partially overgrown .
WINDER’
S HILL, a hill at the foot of Marden Park,where the presen t summer-house stan ds . I have n o
mean s of ascertain ing whether it i s an an cien t n ame orn ot , and can give n o explan ation of it .FLOWER
,or FLORE, a man or, and formerly a prin cipal
residen ce, n ow pulled down , and thrown in to Rooks’
Nest Park, can on ly be referred to the word flower .
”
L I N G F I E L D .
LINGFIELD . In the will of Duke ZElfred, a Saxon ,
cir . 8 71 , Lingfiel d i s men tion ed four times in conjun ctionwith Westerham ,
Sanderstead, Sel sdon , Gatton , an d
many other places in t he coun ty . It i s there writtenLeangafelda an d Laen can felda. The derivation Ibelieve to be from “ lin g,
” the heather ; and such n amesas t he Man or of Het hurs t , Hilde Heath, Pakin
’
s Heath ,Felcot e Heath
,the Moor Farm, an d Chartham, all within
t he parish , agree very well with this derivation . Therei s to this day a large tract of heather at Fel lcourt , an d
the fact that so exten sive a parish i s n ot men tion ed inDomesday Survey would lead on e to suppose that it wasat that time a vast tract of heath an d moor , n ot possessing a church , an d very scan tily inhabited . Beforethe en closure in the early part of this century, there were
acres of waste .
FARTHINC DALE, the n ame of a farm, must probably bereferred to a clan of Farthin gs , or Feort hings, whom wemeet with again in Farthing Down , in Coul sdon , and in
Little Farthin g Farm, in Rudgwick .
PLAISTow STREET. This i s the n ame of the villagestreet . We have Plai stow, in Essex . White
,in his His
tory of Selborn e, says,
‘1 At the centre of the village, an d
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 317 .
2 Page 6.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 95
n ear the church, i s a square piece of groun d , surroun dedby houses
, an d vulgarly cal led the Ples t or .
” With thisdescription that at Lingfield sin gularly coin cides . A pieceof groun d n ow formin g part of the churchyard at Charlwood is kn own as the Plest or . It was 20 feet by 130,an d through it a path used to lead to the church . It wast he property of the public, and used for games by theinhabitan ts . Plaistow Farm , n ear Capel, in this coun ty ;Plaistow at Hayes, in Ken t ; an d Plaistow, n ear Shillinglee, in Sussex, are al l places of the same n ame . Playis a Somersetshire word for a coun try wake, an d here,probably
,the village fairs were held an d plays performed .
PRINKHAM, n ow St erborough , the prin cipal man or In
the place, and kn own by t he former n ame un til 1 342,when Regin ald Lord C obham had licen se to embattlehis house at Prinkham ,
after which it wen t by the n ameof St erborough . Prinkham ,
spelt in the Exten t of theman or made in 5 Edw. II . , Prinkehamm e, hasthe Saxon sufl‘ix ham but I can ofler n o suggestion asto t he mean in g of t he first part of the word . St arborough
woul d seem to have been adopted by t he Cobham s , in con
sequen ce of the star bein g their badge,2 a fact still com
m em orat ed by the Sign of t he in n in t he village, t he Star .”
BILLESHURST, an other Man or . It i s t he“ hyrst ” or
wood of the Billings , and i s possibly a con t raction ofBillingshurst , an d poin ts to t he Billin gs,
”t he royal
race of the Varin i, whom we find in Billingshurst, n earHorsham, Billingsgate, an d other places .
3
PADINDEN, PUTTENDEN, or PUTTENDENRURY, an otherMan or, n ow a farm, with an old house . In Abin ger wefin d a man or of the same n ame , spelt in DomesdayPaden den e, an d called in t he Middle Ages Paddington .
In the Saxon Charters ‘1 we have a place called Pattanden e in Hampshire, an d Padingt un e , n ow Paddington ,
in Middlesexf’ Padenden , a farm in Goudhurst, in Ken t,
1 Chartulary of Battle Abbey, Miscel laneous Books of the Court ofAugmen tat ion , vol . lvii .
2 They bore for their arms,gu les on a chevron or, 3 st ars of 6 poin t s sable.
3 Taylor, Words and P laces , p . 129 .
4 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 595 .
5 [d ., Cart . 1223.
Pu t t enden in Shipborn e , an d Paddingfold in Ewhurst .It may be derived from the family of t he Paet in gs , whomTaylor 1 traces 1n Pattingham , In Shropshire and
zD
St afl’
ord
shi1 e, an d Puddin gton , in Bedfordshire, Cheshire, an d
Devon shire . Bosworth, in his.
An glo Saxon Diction ary,gives p ada, a kite or raven ,
gen i tive padan an d again i n
old English padda sign ifies a toad .
” 3 I am in clin ed,however, to think that t he first of the three is the moreprobable derivation .
BLOCKEIELD or SHOVELSTRODE (pron oun ced Shest erwood) , an other Man or, and formei ly the residen ce of abran ch of t he Gain sford family . We meet in the SaxonCharters 3 with Bloccan lea, n ow Blockley, in Worcestershire . It may be a corruption of Blackfiel d , but is moreprobably, I think, derived from t he old En glish wordblok, a block, a t i unk of a tree .
‘1 Of Shovel s t rode I canoffer n o satisfactory derivation it has the appearan ce ofbeing an old n ame . I fin d In the Promptorium Parvulorum schovelerd, Sign ifying a poplar , an d the latterpar t of the word may be either from rode, a cross , orrood, a measure of lan d .
FORD, a lias La Ford, i s on e of the common est sufl‘ixes
that we meet with . It is found by itself in Ford , inSomersetshire ,
5an d in three other places in the Anglo
Saxon Charters 3 n o t iden tified by Kemble . It i s clearlyderived from being the ford or passage of the stream .
DORMAN’S LAND, Spelt in a deed of 14 89 , Dermannys
land . I suspect this word to be derived from the n ameof the posses sor . In an Exten t of the Man or ofPrinkham ,
in I fin d the n ame of Richard Dermanamon g the list of free ten an ts .DEURE, a man or, the n ame an d site of which i s n o
1 Words and P laces, Appen dix , p . 509 .
2 Stratman,Dict ionary of Old English, in verbo.
3 Kemble,Codex Dip loma t . Cart. 27 8 620 .
4 Stratman,Dictionary of Old English, in verbo ,
Promp torium Parvu
lorum ,p . 40 .
6 Kembl e, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 4 63, 8 16.
6 [d. ,Cart. 267 , 1335 , 135 1.
7 Chartu lary of Battle Abbey Al iseellaneous Books of the Cour t ofAugmen tation , vol . lvi .
98 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
ARDING RUN, the n ame given to a por t ion of thebrook on the road to Lingfield . Its origin may be re
ferred to t he Ardings , t he royal race of the Van dals,whom we fin d at Ardin gton ,
in Berkshire, an d at
Ardingley, n ear Cuckfield, in Su ssex .
1
HERMITS ; t he dwellin g of some old hermit . In
Bletchingley we find a field called Hermit’ s Acre ,3 atStreatham t he Herm itage, an d again An chor Hill
,in
Norfolk ; i .e. t he h ill of t he an chorite .
ST. PIERS ; t he n ame of a farm . It is a mediaevaln ame , Sain t Pierre,
”an d con n ected with t he Collegiate
Church of Lingfield, which was dedicated to St . Peter .
Man n 1ng3 men tion s a field called Chapel Field , where it
i s said there was formerly a chapel dedicated to St .Margaret, an adjoin ing field being called St . Margaret ’ sField .
WARE FARM, which i s by t he river, i s from t he Saxonweer,
”in its origin al sign ification an en closure , an d
then a fishpon d , a wear . Ware Mill , at Godston e , i sfrom t he same root .
LADY CROSS FARM recalls the existen ce of a cross inan cien t times, dedicated to our Lady . Other in stan cesof the like kin d occur in Lady Lan ds in Horley, Lady
’ sHole un der Marden Park, an d on Botley Hill Farm inLimpsfiel d .
THE GILDARLE a district in this parish so cal led . We
fin d t he same n ame in that of a farm at Limpsfiel d, an din a district in t he parish of Horn e, for which a headborough used to be appoin ted ann ually . It must havebeen t he lan d which paid t he gild or tribute , from t he
Saxon gi ldan , to pay . Guildable i s defin ed by John sonin his diction ary as “ liable to tax .
” By the discretionof t he SheriflS an d bailiff, an d other min i sters in places
gu ildable . (Spelman ,
“Adm . Jur . In t he Custumalof Peven sey, copied about t he middle of t he fourteen thcen tury, we read In judgmen t of t he Crown , if a m an be
1 Taylor, Words and P laces, p . 128 .
2 Deed in temp. Hen . III.,in possession of C. H. Master
,Esq.
3 His t . of Surrey, vol . ii . p. 339.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES . 9 9
condemn ed to death, and he be of t he fran chise, he Shallbe taken to t he town bridge at high water , and drown edin t he harbour ; but if he be Of t he geldable (i .e. liableto taxe s , which t he freemen were n ot ) , he Shall be hun gin t he Lowy .
1
CHARTHAM. There 1S a place 1n Ken t called Great Chai t,
written in t heAn glo - Saxon Charters 3 Cer t ham an d Ce1 taham . The word chart is a common on e throughout t he distriot ; we fin d Limpsfiel d , Westerham, Brasted, an d SealChar t all within a shor t distan ce of on e an other . In thesecases it applies to un en closed groun d, distin guished , however, from a common by being covered with brushwood . In
Limpsfield it formed a district called Chart,” for which
a con stable was chosen annually . In an Exten t 3 of t heMan or ofLimpsfiel d , made 5 Edw . II . , occurs t he passage ,Et sun t ibidem in bosco qui vocat ur la Chert ccccv acrae
grossi bosci an d in an other,‘1 made 8 Hen . VI . , a sepa
rate list of ten an ts i s given un der the head of Chert .”
Taylor 5 says the hursts an d charts were t he den ser portion s of t he forest, an d that t he latter word is iden ticalwi t h t he German har t , sign ifyin g wood or forest, h an d ch
bein g in terchan geable . The word is to a great exten tlocal , i .e. confin ed to Surrey an d Ken t it i s on ly applied,as far as I kn ow, to woods which are parts of common s ,an d origin ally un en closed . Cert-mon ey is explain ed to behead -mon ey or common fin e paid yearly by the residen tsof the several man ors to the lords thereof. 6 Mr . GodwinAusten ,
7 in men tion in g the n ame un der Ewhurst, referst he origin to a kin d of ston e locally kn own as Chert ;but thi s can hardly be main tain ed , un less we are surethat ston e of the kin d Is to be foun d in all places of t hel ike n ame .
1 Lower, Con t ribu t ion s to Li tera ture, p . 197 .
2 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t,Cart. 8 96 .
3 Chartu lary of Battle Abbey, Miscel laneous Books of the Cour t ofAugmen ta t ion s
,v ol . lvii. 4 [d. ,
v ol . l vi.6 Words and P laces
,p . 360 .
6 Hal l iwel l , Diet . of Archaic and P rovin cial Words , in verbo.
7 “Surrey Etym ologies,”Surrey Arch. Coll .
,vol . v . part i. p . 13 .
CROWHURST .
CROWHURST . Not men tion ed in Domesday Survey .
There i s a place of t he same n ame n ear Battle , inSussex, some lan d so called in Limpsfield, a farm calledCrowhurst Farm at Kin gsdown , in Ken t , an d CrowhurstFields in East Grin stead parish . It is the craze, An gloSaxon , a crow , an d hyrst ,
” wood . Crawley, in Sussex,may probably be referred to t he same root , an d Crowboro ’ NVarren , on Ashdown Forest . Man n in g, un derLingfield, men tion s a man or called Crowham .
1
CHELLows , or CHELLWYS, a man or, n ow a farm residen ce, Spelt in a deed of 1310 Chelewes , and again Chelhouse . Ceosol , or Cesol , i s given by Bosworth as theSaxon for a cottage , an d this i s probably t he derivation .
NEWLAND,an other m an or , partly in Tan dridge . We
fin d i t in a deed of 14 97 spelt Neu lon d . Taylor 3 haspoin ted out t he n umber of villages in En glan d that havethis suffix, an d we fin d man y similar n ames of places int he An glo - Saxon Charters (e. g. Newton , Newnham,
Such a n ame as Newlan d may be of very great an tiquityit would be given by t he first cultivator of t he lan d whenhe reclaimed it . We meet with it in Newlan ds Corn er,t he famous poin t of vi ew on t he road to Gu ildford ,an d in t he n ame of a
'
field on Pilgrim ’ s Lodge Farm inTitsey .
PYMPES . In a deed of 1316 we find Richard de Pympe ,an d in a ren tal of Crowhurst, 14 02, we fin d a ten emen tcalled Pympe . I can offer n o derivation of t he word .
WINTERSELL,a farmhouse in t he parish
,isWin t redes
sel l, t he house or dwellin g ofWin t red, some Saxon of
n ote . In a charter of Kin g Alfred, in a gran t of lan dsto Chertsey, t he lan d ofWin t redeshul le i s men tion edan dWin t res daen an dWin t res blaew are t he n ames of twoplaces in t he An glo - Saxon Charters . There i s a house inByfleet called
“Win t ersell , an d a farm in that parish
1 Man n ing, His t . of Surrey, vol . 11 . p. 348 .
2 Words and P laces,p . 4 64 .
1 02 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
t he st ream . Halliwell,in his Diction ary, gives thi s sig
n ificat ion to the word cater . ’
The followi n g n ames are from Court Rolls in my possession , datin g from 1396 to 18 00POUKHACCHE (Court Roll , Pouk is an old word
for a devil or spirit,—hen ce puck 1 Hacche, a low gate ;
so Ken t Hatch , at t he jun ction of the coun ties of Surreyan d Ken t on Limpsfiel d Char t .
JOKARESHAWE, a l . JOKKESHAWE i s a corrup t ion ofJack’s Haw. Amon g t he list of ten an ts we fin d Jobesatte-hawe . A haw, or haugh , i s a piece of flat groun dn ear a r1ver .
BOALDESLOWE via regia vocata Boaldeslowe .
This word would seem to have somethin g to do withbold,
” a house or dwelling .
SYNDEREORD The syn dr, separate or secludedford . We fin d t he prefix Sun der in several n ames ofplaces in t he An g lo - Saxon Charters 3
e . g. , Sun derlan d ,Worcestershire ; Sun der an d Sun derham , VVil t shire on
the other han d , it may be an error in spellin g, an d be on eof t he many Cinderfords which are said to den ote t heexisten ce of an cien t iron -works . The scoriae of thedi sused iron - furn aces
,
” says Mr . Lower,3
are calledCin ders . This appears n ot on ly from documen ts of an cien tdate , but from t he design ation s of many localities int he iron district ; aS 'Cinderford , Cin derhil l , Cin dersgill .
”
Taylor ‘1 remarks that in t he Forest of Dean are foun dCin derhill an d Cin derford , n ames derived from vast heapsof scoriae . I am n ot aware , however, that there are anytraces of iron -works in this parish .
HOCELOTESHACHE P (Court Roll,RULLESHETHE P
NOKEWELCROFTE (ibid . , Noke is a n ook orcorn er.5
1 See Hal l iwel l,Archaic Diet , in verbo Stratman
,Dict ionary of Old
English ; an d above,p . 10 .
2 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart . 329, 585, 58 6.
3 Con tribu t ion s t o Li tera tu re, p . 87 .
4 Words and P laces , p . 370 .
3 Hal liwel l , Diet . of Archaic and Provincial Words, in verbo.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 103
SMITHEATTE (ibid . , con n ected possibly with theword smoeth, smooth, which we find in Smeeth , in Ken t .POKERSCROFT Derived frompouh, as Powkhacche .
CHIRCHEWOST (ibid . , Wost is still t he way inwhich an cast or cast -house i s pron oun ced . It may bewhere the church ale was brewed .
RYSHOTTE BARRES (ibid .) PGEISTERIDEN. This is on e of t he n umerous in stan ces in
which we meet with t he sufli x riden .
”The prefix rid ,
”
as has been poin ted out by a writer in Notes and Queries ,1
i s from t he An glo - Saxon riddan , hreddan , to rid or clearaway, and sign ifies an assart or forest gran t . Thi s Wealdwas all origin ally forest, an d therefore t he prevalen ce oft he word is n ot to be won dered at . Besides meetin g withit as le Redon e an d Ben ridings in a ren tal of Titseyof 14 02 , in Ridlands , the n ame of a farm in Limpsfield ,an d Ridlands in Al bury, I have foun d Ridden s as t hen ame of a field in twelve in stan ces upon seven farms, an dI believe that there are very few farms in the distric twhich have n ot a field of that n ame . I refer Riddlesdownto t he same source, for in a deed of 14 22 I fin d that t helan d adjoin in g it was called North Bidle , an d n ear Ea stGrin stead I fin d some lan d called Riden s . I shall en deavour
,un der Ridlan d
’
s Farm, in Limpsfield, to furn i sh ali st of t he various riden s .”
HALLAND (ibid . , 1535) i s t he hal 1 or hol lan d, t helan d in the hollow .
HYLDFYLD (ibid .) i s possibly from An glo - Saxon hyld orhi ld, a battle ,— the battle -field .
WYNCHESTON LANE a con traction ,perhaps, of
Win celeS- t un , the en closure in t he corn er . We meetwith win cel , a corn er, in Win chcomb , Gloucestershire, an d Win chelsea .
ROPKYNS, or RAPKYNS (ibid . , A patronymic .
In an early Court Roll of Tit sey x is a field of the samen ame . Thomas Rop -kyn was a residen t in Bletchin gley14 Hen . VIII .CROCKERESHAME (ibid . ,
and men tion ed in a ren tal
1 June, 18 70, p . 561
104 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
of 14 02 . It is very like in form to Crockham , t he n ameof a hill in Westerham pari sh , on t he road to Edenbridge .
Crockere i s defin ed as a potter .
1 It is therefore thepotter’s house .
’
SUCHAM (ibid ., Sug is given by Bosworth , in
his Diction ary, as a sow . Leo3 cites Sowig as t he on ly
n ame of a place in which t he word occurs . Sucga i s alsot he n ame of a bird , t he figpecker .
BROKEN CROSSE LAND recalls t he time when , as n ow in
Roman Catholic coun tries , there were n umerous waysidecrosses . Brice - cros s , a n ame still retain ed in Limpsfield,was the cross dedicated to St . Brice Fin ches Cross ,Oxted , a place where three cross roads meet but it wasat such places that these crosses would have been erected .
The cro ss i s t he origin of Crouch, which is s o often m et
with ; e. g. , Crouch House, a farm in the parish of Edenbridge ; Crouch Feld , a field in Titsey (Ren tal,Crouch Alders , in Oxted (Ren tal of Tan dridge,an d Crouch Wood , in Ken t, n ear Scotn ey Castle . At
Addleston e , in this coun ty, i s t he famous Crouch oakun der which Wickl ifl
’
e i s said to have preached .
COITES, or COITERS (ibid ., So in Limpsfield we
fin d a place called Coit ing, or Quayt ing Croft : it is socalled from t he game of quoits .DWELLY . A n ame still in u se, an d an old n ame . I can
give n o explan ation of it .There are four cottage s in this parish called the Altar
Cottages , and a field adjoin in g called the Altar Field .
It is probable that in former times , un der some bequest,the ren ts of them were devoted to t he purposes of t he highaltar in the church . Such bequests were very common .
T AN D R I D G E .
TANDRIDGE,which gives the n ame to t he hun dred
i s spelt in Domesday Tan rige . In a deed ofHen ry II .
or Richard I . it is written Tenrige in a deed of 8 Edw . II .
Tan rugge ; in 1576, Tanrige an d it is n ot un til 1625
1 Stratm an,Dict ion ar y of Old English, in verbo.
2 Anglo-Saxon Names cg
”P laces .
106 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
field i s men tion ed called Drigefiel d , which is the dryfield, drig or dri bein g An glo - Saxon for dry .
The followin g n ames are fi°om an old ren tal of Tan
dridge, cir . Edward III . :1
STONEHAM, t he ham ,home
,or dwellin g of ston e .
LAGHAM PARK . This was probably in t he lower part ofthe parish
,adjoin in g Lagham , in Godston e . For origin
of t he n ame see un der Godston e .
3
FRITHLANDS . The “wood ” lan ds .
3 In Tat sfield is awood called t he Frith, an d Mr . Godwin -Austen refers toa wood of t he n ame in Bramley .
‘1
BUCKELOND. This is either t he bOc- lan d , t he lan d heldby book or charter, lan d severed from t he folclan d an d
discharged from all services ,5 or it i s t he beech lan d,
from boc, t he beech -tree, which gives its n ame to Buckingham shire . We have a farm of t he n ame of Bucklan dsin Tat sfield, an d Bucklan d is a parish n ear Betchworth .
There are n in eteen parishes of this n ame in Englan d .
NERES PARK ?HORELOND is perhaps from hor , horu , dirty,~ —the dirty
lan d, which is possibly t he origin of Horley .
LE LEDELOND i s probably the lan d by t he hide, orflowin g stream .
6
REDEBORNE i s either t he raid, quick, or t he réad- bwrn e,t he red burn e or brook . We fin d t he n ame in Redburn ein Worcestershire ,7 an d in Rodburn e in Wiltshire .
3
FOXESCROETE gives us t he fox ; REELOND, possibly thercch, or roe - deer BEWLEYS, t he bee, beoledh ; CONYHOLES,the rabbit ROWLEY i s t he row,
or rough field .
9
1 In possession of Sir Wil liam Clayton , Bart . ; kindly len t m e byC . Goodwyn , Esq.
2 Page 13 .
3 For an accoun t of this word see un der Nobright , in Godston e and
Leo,Anglo
-Saxon Names of P laces, p . 67 .
4 Surrey Arch. Col l . , vol . v. part i . p . 7 .
6 Kemb le,Saxon s in England, v ol . i . p. 301 .
6 Leo,Anglo
-Saxon Names, p . 93.
7 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t
,Cart. 570.
8 [d .,Cart. 4 8
,103, 632, &c.
9 Promp t . Parv . in verbo “rowghe and for ot her instances of t his
prefix see under Horn e,p . 9 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES . 107
The followin g n ames are from a ren tal of Tan dridgeMan or, 9 Henry IV
1
WATERHALLE WELD, Wat erhall weald, or wood .
DEWLOND i s probably Deofles - lan d , the devil’s lan d ,
n ow preserved in t he n ame of a field called t he Devil ’sHole . We fin d the same con traction in Dewlish, Dorsetshire
, and Dawlish , Devon shire .Of SALIENE-LOND,
”VOZELYSLAND,
”CURLYNGCROET,
occurring in t he same ren tal , I can give n o explan ation .
A ren tal of t he man or in 1670 3 con tain s many of thosegiven above , and t he following in additionGREAT SOUER,
or SOWER. In a charter of Odo , son
of William de Dammartin ,temp . Ric . I . , he bequeaths
to Tan dridge Priory all his stock of cattle at Suwre .
”
The word n earest in form to it is Sweora , Si oora, orSwara ,
An glo - Saxon for a n eck, —the great n eck of lan d .
Sweores holt occurs in the An glo - Saxon Charters .3
HOBBS. Now the n ame of a farm ; probably a patronym l c .
STOCKLAND, the lan d en closed by a stoc or palin g .
RAWBONES . Still t he n ame of a field . SHAWS . NOW afarm of that n ame, an d probably a patronymic .
CHATTHILL, n ow CHATHILL. It is t he same prefix whichwe find in Chatham . Taylor ‘1 refers the origin of ChatMoss to the Celtic coed, a wood . I am unwilling to admitany Celtic derivation s . It may be Cat -hill, t he wild cat ,whi ch we fin d in many places in t he Saxon charters . In
t he will of Alfgar , cir . 958 , occurs Cat ham ,
3 possibly forChatham . We have also in this parish Mou sehil l occurring in t he ren tal of 1670 , an d stil l existing as a n ame .
In a ren tal of we fin d Nor the Hall given as thean cien t n ame of Tan dridge Priory ; it i s headed , w t
ren ts of t he Pryory of Tan rydge, olim called Nort he
hall .” It is the hall, or dwellin g, in the n orthern part of
1 In possession of Sir Wil l iam C layton , Bart.3 Kem bl e, Codex . Dip loma t
,Cart. 7 7 .
108 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
the parish, an d woul d in dicate that the priory was buil ton the Site of an older habitation .
PIPER’
S WOOD i s merely so called after the n ame of theoccupier of t he farm .
LE BUTT, n ow t he BATS, i s on e of the many in stan cesin which we meet with this n ame it is where t he buttsor targets stood, an d marks the importan ce which ouran cestors attached to t he practice of archery . LE BUTTES,BUTCROFT, BUTRIDDEN, are t he n ames of fields in Titseymen tion ed in early Court Rolls
, an d the n ame is gen eralin all parts Of En glan d .
110 NOTICES OF AN ANGLo- SAxON CEMETERY
the con ten ts of those that we examin ed had n ever beendisplaced .
The graves which we examin ed were sixteen in all,comprisin g two groups , about a quarter of a mile apart .They were all hewn in t he chalk rock to t he depth, fromt he origin al surface of t he groun d, of from 3 ft . to 34 ft .
,
an d their presen ce was in dicated by Slight hillocks ,risin g seldom more than 14 ft . above t he groun d , an d
resemblin g those little moun ds in village churchyards , un der which t he rude forefa thers of t he hamletsleep .
”
In every in stan ce t he skeleton s were foun d extendedat full len gth, with t he heads placed towards t he west,an d t he arms clo se to t he sides ; n o traces of cremation ,
or of any kin d of fun eral pottery , were m et with everybon e was foun d in its proper place an d perfectly soun d,except in three or four in stan ces , in which possibly t herain may have reached t he bon es , or t he skeleton wasthat of a child or youn g person . It was also observedthat, with these few exception s , n ot on ly was every toothpresen t in every jaw
, bu t all t he teeth were perfectlysoun d .
On e of the graves first examin ed con tain ed two skel et on s , probably m an an d wife . They were placed soclo se to each other that t he Skulls almost touched but11 0 traces of armour or of orn amen ts were foun d . An
adjoin in g grave con tain ed t he skeleton of a youn g person ,
probably a girl : t he bon es were much decayed . Neart he remain s of t he skull we foun d two small silver pin s ,t he figure of on e of which is given in Plate I . The
workman ship of these i s very good ; they are made toswell a little in the middle , in order to keep them fast int he cloth or other material in which they were placed,an d t he head is formed of a small coil of Silver wire,through which t he blun t en d of t he pin was passed, an dwas then flatten ed an d made firm by on e or more blows .The on ly other object here foun d was the blade of asmall iron kn ife, with a roun ded back, somewhat resemblin g in shape those which are n ow called Wharn cliffekn ives .
NOTICES OF AN ANGLo- SAo CEMETERY
i t appears to have been double- edged an d poin tedt he s tr ig, or iron portion of the hilt, i s 5 m . long, an d2 in . wide .
But t he most remarkable object foun d with this in term en t, was t he boss or umbo of a shield (see Plateplaced on t he right foot of t he Skeleton . It i s of iron7 in . high an d 5 in diameter
,an d of a very un usual form ;
in deed , as far as I have been able to discover, it i s un ique .
It would seem that in t he first in stan ce a framework wascon structed of six bars or laminae of Iron
, 4
3of an in ch l n
w id th, welded together in to a kin d of projectin g buttonat t he top , an d then ben t out in to a dome shaped form .
Each of these plates i s depressed or forced out throughits whole length in t he middle , so as to form six verticalribs on t he outside , leavin g a flan ge or rim on each side4 in . wide . The framework thus formed is held in itsplace an d stren gthen ed by a little cup , also of iron , an
in ch in diameter, an d about 4 in ch deep , fix ed on’
t he
in side un der the in tersection of t he plates . An iron orsteel plate was then placed between each pair of ribs , an driveted to t he flan ges left on each side of them ; thuspresen ting t he figure of an hexagon al dome . The wholewas then placed over, an d riveted to , a secon d rim orcirclet of iron Of Slightly less circumferen ce . This isworked in to a circular flan ge , which occurs about an
in ch below t he lower margin of t he dome - shaped frame,an d t he flange i s then furn i shed with six bosses or studs,an swering to t he vertical ribs , each of them bein g perforat ed, doubtless in order to allow t he umbo to beattached to t he hide or the wood of which t he shield wasformed . No traces of this were foun d ; but on liftingup t he umbo , we foun d a short cylin der, or rather halfcylin der, of iron ,
resemblin g t he lon gitudin al section of agas -pipe . This correspon ded with the diameter of theumbo, an d was furn ished at each en d with a slight win gor projection ,
for t he purpose of attachin g it to theumbo an d it can hardly be doubted that it was cont rived as a han dle by which t he shi eld could be firmlyheld .
Although we made a long and careful search for t he
DRINKING CUP .
P la t e III.To f ace p age 113 .
well- shaped kn ife of iron , of the same pattern as thatalready described (PlateWe n ext proceeded to Open a small tumulus
,in which
we foun d the skeleton , very much decayed, of a youn gperson , probably a boy . The on ly other Object foun d mit was a socketed iron spear, 18 in . in length
, an d wellformed : t he wooden haft had perished .
The on ly other grave that con tain ed any Object ofin terest was that , probably, of a youn g girl ; t he firstteeth had n ot all been shed . The head had been laid ona large flin t ston e , an d n ear t he jaw was a small ironbuckle , of which t he tongue was wan tin g , an d six beads ,two of them white
,two yellow, on e red, an d on e blue
(see PlateThis con cluded our exploration s for t he year . The
bon es were carefully rein terred in t he graves in whichthey were foun d, with t he exception of on e skull, whichwas retain ed in order that it might be examin ed by Professor Rolleston . The sword, an d umbo, an d drinkin gcup, and other objects , have , with the permission ofMr . Byron
,been placed in the Museum of t he SURREY
ARCHZEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, lately established at Croydon .
Although it is impossible to assign any precise date tothese remain s , yet from t he position of t he skeleton s ,with t he feet placed towards t he east , an d the absen ce ofany traces of burn ing, i t seems tolerably certain thatthey are of t he Christian or post-Augustin e age , whilefrom t he absen ce of a vast number of objects of elaboratean d artistic workman ship foun d in Ken t, an d on thataccoun t of a presumably much later date, they m ayperhaps be assign ed to a very early period after t he con
version of t he Saxon s to Christian ity .
The n ame of the place may perhaps in this, as in otherin stan ces , assist us at least in forming a conjecture on
t he subjec t .
Coulsdon, t he parish in which Farthing Down i s
situate, i s un doubtedly t he Cu thredesdun e of t he An gloSaxon cha1 t ers . This n ame occurs in n o less than fourseveral charters
,or confirmation s of charters , of lan d In
AT FARTHING DOWN, COULSDON, SURREY . 115
Surrey to the Abbey of Chertsey, which are prin ted inKemble
’
s Codex Dip lomat icu s . In the in dex to this workt he place thus design ated is conj ectured to be Cothers ton e,Surrey ; but there is, however, n ow n o such place asCotherston e in Surrey ; n or i s it likely that there everwas ; and this probably is on e of the n umerous errorswhich are m et with in the in dex to the Codex . In allthe charters in question
,which ran ge from 675 to 1062,
Cu thredes-dune i s placed in the same category withMerstham, Chaldon ,
Epsom,Ewell , Carshalton , Beddin g
t on , an d other vi llages which either immedi ately adjoinCoulsdon , or are n ear to it ; and in deed, What indon e(in correctly given by Kemble as Wootton ) , on e of t heman ors gran ted
,i s in Coulsdon parish . Besides this ,
we kn ow that Coulsdon remain ed in the possessionof t he Abbey of Chertsey un til 1538 , when it was sold tot he Kin g .
The earliest of the four charters in which this n ameoccurs is on e dated in 675 , by which Frit hewal d,described as Sub-regu lus Provin cioe Surran iorum ,
”in
conjun ction with Erkenwald, Bishop of Lon don , gran tedto the Abbey, of which he was the foun der, large possession s in the coun ty
, and amongst them XX man sas
cum pascuis i l lic ri te p er tin en t ibu s in Cu threds-dun e.
”
From the circumstan ce that t he village , or, if n ot thena village, the hill or dun e, was n amed after Cu t hred, wemay in fer that he was a person of some importan ce . In
the same way, Cwichelms-hloewe (n ow kn own as Cuckham sley Hill, Berks) was in all probability so n amedfrom Cwichelm , King of the West Saxon s an d manySimilar instan ces are met with elsewhere . In deed, fromthe earliest times
, an d in al l coun tries , m en have beenaccustomed to call their lan ds after their own n ames,
”
as well as to commemorate person s of great importan ceby givin g their n ames to those places in which they haddwelt, or in which they were buried .
The on ly person of any emin en ce bearing t he n ameof Cu thred prior to 675 , of whom any men tion i s madein the chronicles of t he time , was t he son of Cwichelm
I 2
116 NOTICES OF AN ANGLO- SAXON CEMETERY
and gran dson of Cyn egi ls, the first Christian kings ofWessex .
This Cu thred was baptized by Byrin us at Dorchesterin 639 , an d having materially aided hi s un cle Cenwalchin t he recovery of his domin ion s
, in the year 648 wasrewarded by him with t he gran t of a large portion Of
his lan ds -the Saxon Chron icle says 3 ,000 hides,by zEscesdun e . he died In 661 .
It 1s n ot impossible that Coulsdon and the surroun ding district may have formed part of this Cu t hred
’
s possession s , n or i s it impossible that his n ame was given tot he hill on which t he graves were foun d, because he wasburied there , an d that the village or town may haveacquired its n ame from that circumstan ce . It is truethis hill has lon g been kn own as Far thing Down ; but thatn ame , t he mean in g of which has n ot been discovered,may be of comparatively recen t date . An d if I may beallowed to add conject ure to conjecture , may we n ot
regard it as possible, that he was in terred in that gravein which the umbo an d sword above described werefoun d PIt may be presumed, from the paucity of graves at
this spot— there n ot bein g more than eight or t enthat it was t he burial-place of the family and retain ersof some Anglo - Saxon prin ce or Chieftain , rather thant he cemetery of a parish or district ; an d when we takein to accoun t t he beauty an d unusual form of t he drinkingcup , t he sin gular an d elaborate character of t he shield,t he pi esen ce of on ly on e sword , an d t he iron si tu la (thosem et with el sewhere being , I believe, always of bronze) ,we are justified In con cludin g that the remain s here 1nt erred were n ot those of obscure or ign oble person s .As Profess0 1 Rolleston has remin ded m e , burials wi tharmour or in sign ia were early discon tinued by Christianized population s
, except in t he case of distinguished person ages , ecclesiastical or temporal , an d Mr . Akerman 1
has justly observed, that the comparative rarity of swords
1 “Researches in a Cem etery of t he Anglo-Saxon Period at Bright
hampton , Oxon ,” Archaeologia, vol . xxx . n . v 1u .
ACCOUNT OF A ROMAN VILLA LATELY DISCOVERED AT BEDDINGTON
,SURREY ;
THE followin g accoun t of the remain s of a Romanvilla, lately discovered at Beddington ,
was commun icat ed to t he Society of An tiquaries by JohnAddy, Esq. , Stud . In st . C . E . , and by his permission i shere republished
Early in 18 7 1, certain works in exten sion of t he sewage irrigationsystem ,
for some years in operation un der t he Croydon Local Board of
Heal th , were commen ced upon lan ds,a portion of a farm of 170 acres
,
cal led t he Park Farm,in Beddin gton , lying on t he n orth side of t he
river Wandle,between Beddington Lan e and Hackbridge railway
station .
“Early in February t he workmen engaged in cu tting on e of t he
carriers ’ runn ing east and west,for t he con veyan ce of t he sewage t o
t he land,at a depth of two feet
,cam e across a wal l
,which they removed,
and fragm en ts of red earthenware tiles abou t n in e in ches square werethrown ou t . Thi s attracted t he au thor’s atten tion
,bu t kn owing that
fu rther excavation s wou ld have t o be m ade on t he sam e site,n o addi
t ional search was con tinued at that time.
On February 24 t h, in digging an other carrier at right angl es t o
t he above, at a distan ce of fifty feet from t he first discovery, many fragm en ts of Roman pottery, chiefly of a coarse slate-coloured ware, werefoun d. Several of these pieces were marked crossways with stripes, andupon being joined together as carefu l ly as possibl e
,proved t o be an
elegan t vase, abou t n in e in ches high, and ofa sim ilar diameter. A p1eceof Sam ian ware
,having a smal l pattern ,
was al so picked up . Aecom
panyin g these were al so large quan tities of bon es of an imals and b1rds,and a Sheep’s horn . These remain s were abou t eighteen In ches belowt he surface.
In con tinuation of this carrier t he workmen cu t across a detachedchamber, and at a distan ce of two or three hundred feet further sou th,found three coin s in three separate places .
120 ACCOUNT or A ROMAN VILLA
cu t through by t he workmen . It was more perfect than any 0 1
portion perhaps it s separation from t he main bu ilding had preseti t from destru ction . This chamber is t en feet in length by six
in breadth. The western wal l is of u n u sual thickn ess, being t wothree in ches, t he other wal ls being from eighteen t o twen ty- on e in i
across . The flooring is com posed of red tiles,n in e in ches square,
regu larly in m ortar t o a depth of twelve in ches. The in terior wall scoated w ith a coarse plaster
, composed of l im e and powdered blclay, which presen t s t he same appearan ce as t he m ortar ben eatht iles .
A series ofou ter and partition wal l s,of a much rougher con stru ct
and less easily defin ed, are attached t o t he western part of t he l:chamber . Their relation was ascertain ed by carefu l exam in ation . F
al l appearan ces, i t is conj ectured that they were offices attached t odwel l ing. South of t he thick wal l abu tting on t he large chambrportion of pavem en t
,five feet by on e foot n in e in ches, compose<
square tiles, appears t o have been subjected t o great heat whilst i ipresen t position . They were found t o be fragile when attempted t.removed, an d had a dark appearan ce
,as though they were calci
P robably this was where t he fire of t he hypocau st was m ade .
“Nothing l ike a tesselated pavem en t was met with,an d from
appearances it was doubtless a dwel l ing of bu t m oderate pret en sion sLarge quan tities of fragm en ts of plaster from t he wal ls w ere fo
in and around t he bu ilding. They are of a white ground, marked 1
bands of various w idths,from a quar t er of an in ch t o t wo in ches .
stripes are prin cipal ly of a crimson colou r, bu t pieces having sepiapink stripes w ere picked up, an d some fragmen ts had traces of a ye
”
pigmen t . Corn er pieces coloured red were also found, show ingangl es where t he l in es j oin ed. These fragm en ts of plaster are form e
l ime m ixed with smal l pieces of bricks and flin t. It is in t eres t in
n ote that t he colou r on these fragmen ts is apparen tly as freshpain ted recen tly, although they have been subj ected t o t he action 0
and moisture for so many hu ndred years .
Large qu an tities of portion s of t he flue til es were foun d inin terior of t he larger chamber
,som e retain ing t he traces of fire ‘
distin ctly they are scored in various pattern s.
The space within t he wal l s was a mass of débr is, composed of n
earth,soot
,fragmen ts of brick, tiles, pottery, and plaster from t he wal
The pieces of pottery were of various kinds several pieces of Satware were m et with
,and others of a pecu l iar red ware, orn amen te<
t he impression of a smal l marin e shel l on t he stil l m oist clay.
Two pieces,supposed t o be Castor ware, are of a chocolate 0 0 1
embossed with white ornam en ts .
“A bron ze bead,abou t half an in ch in diameter, was found in
in terior of t he large chamber. Two coin s on ly were found in remo
t he earth from t he bu ildings.
l . Con stan tin e period.
Obv . Head of Rome, URB
'
S ROMA.
Rev . Romu lu s and Remus. Min t mark TR.
LATELY DISCOVERED AT BEDDINGTON, SURREY . 121
2 . A Saxon sil ver penny.
1
Obv . >X< E DELSTAN REx To BR. Seven smal l pellet s form inga rose.
Rev . {4 EADMUND Mo LEIGCE. Nin e sim ilar pel lets .
Many oyster-shel ls and snail - shel ls were found am ongst t he débris,al so t he sku l l and bon es of a dog, t he lower jaw of an ox
,or of som e
other large an imal , w ith many bon es of smal l er an imals and birds . A
roof- tile,deeply inden ted with t he impress of t he foot of an an imal
,
probably that of a sheep,was taken from t he wal l s of t he building.
“A lum p of mortar of t he wel l -kn own Roman type was discern edby t he writer at an other spot on t he farm , and upon excavation beingmade u ndern eath
,t he foun dation of a bu ildi ng, apparen tly abou t twen ty
fee t square, was m et with,accom pan ied with m any fragmen ts of large
vessels or amphorae,bu t n othing worthy of n ote in addition . The se
emain s were so l ittle attractive that n o ex ten sive search was made.
A coin of C laudiu s II. 1 was picked up adjoin ing this bu ilding.
Two other coin s were picked up in separate places on t he farm .
1. Al lect us.
Obv . ALLECTvs. Head of All ect u s t o left.Rev . LAETITIA AUG. Gal ley.
Min t mark,probably in dicating that i t was struck at Colchester.
2. A coin of Carau sius 2”
Mr . Addy havin g thus preserved a careful record ofthese discoveries , it was foun d in dispen sable to con tinuet he irrigation works, an d these in terestin g remain s aren ow effectually hidden from sight .
1 The obverse of this coin agrees precisely with that figu red in Ruding’s
An na ls of the Coinage, P1. 17 , No . 19 , except that in that specimen thereare eight an d n ot seven pel lets . The m on eyer Eadmund occu rs on a coin
Of differen t type, ibid. ,Appen dix
,P1. 28 (Ae t helstan No. and t he
con traction LEIGCE for Leicester on other pieces .
NOTICES OF AN ANGLO - SAXON CEMETERYAT BEDDINGTON, SURREY .
BY JOHN VVICKHAM FLOWER,Esq.
,F.G.S.
ERY shortly after the discovery of the remain s ofthe Roman villa described in t he preceding paper,
Mr . Addy was so fortun ate as to meet with some tracesOf an An glo - Saxon burial-groun d in the same field withthe villa . The following particulars of this discoverywere commun icated by Mr . Addy to the Society ofAn tiquaries in the same memoir with the precedin gaccoun t
Abou t 500 yards in a sou therly direction from t he vil la, t he workm en engaged in excavating su rplus m aterial on April 14th discoveredt he remain s of a human skeleton adjacen t t o this an iron spear- headof superior workm an ship was found
,together with fragmen ts of t hin
iron , which probably composed t he boss of a shiel d,and an iron kn ife .
A l l these articles are very mu ch oxydized. A few feet further fromt he above skel eton
,another was foun d, t he excavation made for t he
grave being very distin ct t o a depth of abou t eighteen in ches belowt he surface.
“A m ost importan t discovery was made al so on t he same spot and ont he sam e day, as a large sepu lchral u rn of dark ware
,marked with pat
tern s of con siderable el egan ce, was found . The workmen ,having received
in struction s, were fortun ately very carefu l in u sing their picks, and
al though very brittle, on accoun t of t he m oistu re, t he vase was rem ovedalmost en tire. I t is abou t nin e in ches in diam eter
,an d of a sim ilar
height, and con tain ed som e fragm en ts of bon es m ixed w ith earth .
An other on e of smal ler size,adjoin in g, fel l t o pieces upon removal . On
t he sam e site, on t he 24 t h April , a third urn of sim ilar appearan ce,
marked wi th pattern s,bu t very much damaged, was found adjoin ing
i t w ere human bon es . A few hou rs later, atten tion was again cal l ed t o
a fourth urn,of smal ler size and more elegan t proportion s. It is abou t
seven in ches in height, and is ornamen ted with encircl ing lin es an d
124 ANGLO- SAXON CEMETERY AT BEDDINGTON, SURREY.
lery or person al orn amen ts, except the sm all bead an dt he plain bron ze bracelet, an d from the fact that n o swordwas foun d
,it seems reason able to con clude that t he
person s here in terred were n ot of any great wealth orimportan ce , probably husban dmen or ceor ls ; an d fromthe fact that some of them were burn ed, an d their ashesplaced in urn s , while others were n ot burn ed, but wereplaced with their heads lying towards t he west, we maysuppose that t he cemetery was commen ced in pre -Ohristian t imes , an d was con tin ued in u se after t he people wereconverted from heathen i sm . As an Anglo - Saxon coin wasfoun d in t he Roman villa, it seems n ot un likely that it wastaken possession of, after the Roman s had aban don ed it,by occupan ts of t he same con dition in life as those whofirst made it their dwelling-place .
126 BRONZE IMPLEMENTS FOUND AT BEDDINGTON, SURREY .
These implemen ts were obviously of home man ufacture,an d those who made them must have been tolerably wellskilled in t he working ofmetals , bron ze being compoun dedfrom two such differen t metals as copper an d t in , whichin the composition of all implemen ts of this kin d appearto have been m ixed in due proportion s . It is also eviden t that a certain amoun t of commercial en terprise andactivity must have been exhibited, as the implemen t s arefrequen tly foun d in localities very far distan t from thosein which the metals in question are obtain able .
The discovery of these objects i s local ly in terestin g, asshowing that t he district was inhabited before t he Romaninvasion by those who had n ot yet learn ed the u se of iron .
As t he clear waters of the Wan dle probably in duced someBritish tribe or family to settle on its banks , so probablythe Roman s foun d here a pleasan t an d conven ien t habit at ion , an d after they had taken their departure the Saxoninvaders took possession , an d gave the place, probablyfor the first time, a distin ctive n ame . Beddington i seviden tly t he town or dwelling-place of the 136 661757193 ,the tribe or family of Bede ; a n ame which is illustriousin En glish history as having been born e by our earliest,and learn ed historian , justly termed the Ven erable .
”
SUR R EY ETYMOLOGIES.
BY GRANV ILLE LEVESON -GOWER, ESQ ,F.S.A.
TANDRIDGE HUNDRED. Part II.
O X T E D .
OXTED ; Anglo -Saxon Charter, Acustyde ; DomesdaySurvey, Acst ede ; Deed of 27 Edward I., Okst ede .
The Anglo - Saxon Charters in which it i s mention ed areon e ofE t helberh t , king ofWessex, A.D. 8 62 and an otherofE thelred, A.D. 98 7 . The first is a deed whereby ZEthelberht gran ted to his min i ster Dryghtwald ten carucatesof lan d at Bromley
, an d the boun daries of the gran t aremin utely described. This charter con tain s so many n amesof places in the immediate n eighbourhood which Mr .Kemble in his In dex has n ot attempted to iden tify, thatI think it well to tran scribe it at length 1 These arethe boun daries of the said lan d from the n orth fromKengley
2 to Langley,3 Bromley Mark, and Lewisham ,
4
then from Lan gley to the VVon st ock,
5 then from theWon
stock by Modingham Mark6 to Ken t Style,7 then from
1 Par t of t his charter is prin ted in An Accoun t of Excavat ion s a t
Kes ton , by Mr. George Corn er, and he has iden t ified several oft he places.
2 Ceddan leage, Kengley Bridge, is at Southend, between Lewishamand Bromley.
3 Langley, in Beckenham .
4 Leofshema.
5 The stump or post of Wodin . Mr . Corner suggests Stump Hil l,between Sou t hend and Beckenham .
6 Modi ngahema.
” Kemble conject ures Mottingham,but the name
128 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Ken t Style by Modingham Mark to the Eagles Tree,1and
from the Eagles Tree t he hedge of the Cray Settlers 2
from the east half divides it to Leason s 3 Den e then fromLeason s Den e to the Gulf ;
4 then from the Gulf the hedgeof the Cray Settlers to Six Slaughters 5 then from SixSlaughters to Farnborough 6 Mark . t he FarnboroughMark divides it to Keston Mark ; 7 t he Keston Markdivides it on the south towards the Watch Station ;
8
then from the Watch Station Keston Mark to WickhamMark ; then the West Mark
9 by Wickham Mark out toBeddlest ead ;
10 then from Beddlest ead to Oxted to Beeham (9) Mark
11 from Oxted to Kengley. Then belongingthe1 e to that lan d five den es 152 at the outwood, the n ameof this den e Broxham ,
13 the n ame of t he other den e Sangridge ?14 Bil lan ore 15 i s the n ame of the third, then twoden es at Glapfield .
” 16
Oxted is the Ao- stede , t he place of t he Oak, a n amewhich must fit ly have described it in an cien t times , an di s singularly applicable in the presen t day. To this
1 Barn es beam e.
2 Cregset na. The sett lers on t he river Cray hen ce Crayford, Foot’sCray, St . Mary’
s Cray, &c.
3 Liowsan den e . Mr. Corn er suggests Leav es Green , bu t I think i tis more probably Leason s, t he n ame of a wood in Cudham .
4 Swelgen de, a swal low or gu l f.5 Sioxsl iht re .
6 Fearnbiorginga.
7 Cyst an inga. The con version of Cys t an inga in to Keston,says Mr.
Corn er, is elucidated by Dom esday Book, in which t he place is cal ledGhestan
,t he ch being pron oun ced hard gives t he m odern n ame.
9 Set le,t he Station , indicating probably t he Roman station at
Keston .
9 VVestmearc. Probably YVestmore Green in Tat sfield .
1°Bipple styde. Beddlest ead,a farm 111 Chel sham .
11 Biohahhema. Mr . Corn ei suggests t he word m ay mean t he Bee
in cl osure or Apiary. See al so Leo on Anglo Saxon Names, p . 16.
12 A certain al lotmen t of woodland in t he Weald.
13 Brocesham,a farm between Edenbridge and W
'
est erham .
14 Sanget hryg. Possibly Sundridge, as that parish run s down intot he Weald .
15 Bil lan ora. This n ame is lost,bu t we find i t men tion ed in Charter
5 18 as part of t he forest ofAndred,and there described as close by
Linhu rs t,which is t he n ame of a farm n ear t o Broxham .
16 Gleppan felda. In Charter 5 18 this place i s men tion ed as pai t ofShai nden , which 1s a large tract of wood in Edenbi 1dge parish .
130 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
origin of it i s the Stoc,’ or in clo sed place, which is
the root of the numerous Stokes that we find all overEnglan d .
BARROW GREEN, the prin cipal residence in t he parish ,has been supposed to take its n ame from a barrow . At
Oxted,
” says Mann ing,
1 i s a very large barrow ortumulus
,from which a capital house, called Barrow Green ,
takes its name ; an d in the In dex he tells us that thisbarrow was thrown up by the Dan es . A careful examin ation of the so- called barrow, made un der the direction of the lat e Mr . J . Wickham Flower, has provedcon clusively that it is n othing but a n atural hill ; and,disagreeable as it i s to upset lon g - cherished tradition s,we must seek for the origin of the n ame from some othersource
, Sin ce it i s n ot reason able to imagin e that anyplace would take its n ame from a supposed resemblan ceto a barrow . I do n ot fin d the n ame earlier than a CourtRoll of 20 Edw. IV . , where it occurs as Barowes ten emen t
,
” un les s “Berewe,”in a Court Roll of the 14 t h
year of that king, be the same place . In a Ren tal of1568 it occurs as Barogren e , in a Survey of the Man orof 1576 as Barowe Gren e , in a Ren tal of 157 7 as BarowGren e, an d in a Ren tal of about the same date as Barrowegren e . The origin of it i s n ot , I think, difficult to fin d .
A district in t he parish was called the Borough , or, as iti s written in a Deed of 12 Ric . II . ,
The Bergh .
” Men
tion i s there made of lan d at the Bergh lyin g betweent he common called the Bergh an d lan d of Rauf at Bour ;an d so Borough Green , which was the piece of waste inthis district, became corrupted by an easy proces s in toBarrow Green , an d the sin gular con ical- Shaped hill aton ce gave plausibility to the idea of a barrow .
HURST GREEN, a common in the parish, called in a Deedof 15 Edw. IV . le Herst, and in a Ren tal of 1577 Herstegren e, an d some lan d adjoin ing , Hers t elon d . It is fromthe hurst,
’ or wood , an d poin ts to the amoun t of woodland formerly existing in the parish . Hurst Field is afield in Caterham, Hurst Green i s the n ame of a place on
1 His t . of Surrey, vol . ii. p. 322.
the high road between Tonbridge Wells and Hastings,an d there 1s a parish n ear Blackburn so called .
MERLE, or MERROL COMMON, a common on the bordersof Limpsfield parish, an d stan ding high, i s a corruptionof ‘Merehil l , the boun dary hill . In a Court Roll of19 Edw . IV . and in a Deed of 3 Hen . VIII .
,I fin d it
written Merehill , an d in the Survey of 1576 amongt he waste lan ds of Oxted it is described as the wasteor common called Mearehil l Common , con tain ing 23
acres .PERRYSEIELD, n ow a prin cipal residen ce, was formerly
a part of the demesn es of Stockett, an d un der the n ameof PerieSlondS formed on e of the three shares in to whichthat property was divided 6 Hen . VIII . In a CourtRoll of 14 Edw. IV . occurs Pyryesgrove, in on e of19 Edw. IV . Perislond and Perisgren e, and in a Ren talof 1577 Perryes . Isaac Taylor 1 says that the n ames offruit- trees are very un frequen t, with the exception of theapple- tree ; but, n otwithstan ding this remark, I believethat the derivation of this word is to be sought for in‘pirige,
’ the Anglo - Saxon for a pear- tree . Pears weren o doubt cultivated as well as apples . We find a smallfarm in Godston e called the Pear- tree Farm, at whichwas an iron spring of great reputation . Purley, in Sanderst ead, ancien tly written Pirilea Pirbright an d Pirford,in the hundred of Woking, in thi s coun ty, formerly writtenPirifrith and Piriford, are probably from the same source,an d not, as Mann in g says, from the n ame of some an cien tproprietor . Piri, Perie, or Pirie i s old English for apear-tree, and i s used by Chaucer in his CanterburyTales :”
“Bu t for her lorde sche durste not doneThat sate ben et he and pleyed bym merye
Before t he towre un dur a perye.
’
In the Survey of 1576 two fields are mentioned in Broadham , called t he Peare Croft e an d the Little Peare Grofte .On Addington Lodge Farm i s a field of the same n am e .
On Foyle Farm is a field called Pear- tree Field . Perry-s
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
field is the name of some land close to Maidston e ; an dthere are numerous places in the An glo- Saxon Charterswhich have this prefix e. g. Pirigt un an d Pyrit un , n ow
Pirit on , in Wiltshire and Pirigfieat , Purfieet , in Ken t .GINoooKS, the n ame of a farm in the parish , also on e
of t he t h i ee Shares in to which Stockett was divided . Wemust at on ce disca1 d t he popular tradition which wouldascribe it to the casks of gm brought hither by Smug
glers . It i s an old n ame variously Wi it t en . In a Coul tRoll of 2 Hen . VI . , Jan ecocks ; in on e of 19 Edw . IV . ,
Jenkoks in a View of Frank Pledge, 4 Hen . VIII .,
Gen n ecocks ; in a Deed of 6 Hen . VIII . , Gyn cockks ;an d in a Ren tal of 157 7 , Gen cocks . Some lan ds calledCokeslan ds an d Coks Riden are con stan tly men tion ed inall t he early deeds
, and in a Court Roll of 19 Edw . IV .
Cokeslan ds p rop e Jenkoks occurs . Cokeslan d I taketo be an own er’s n ame
, an d to have been the lan d of acertain Coke or Cox, as in the Computus Roll of35 Edw . III . appears firma terrae quon dam Cokes ,
”an d
Jen cocks to have been t he posses sion of some memberof that family an d in support of this somewhat pro saicderivation I have the authority of the earliest orthography of the word, 2 Hen . VI ., wherein it i s speltJan ecocks .
FOYLE RIDDEN,the n ame of a small farm
,i s the Riden ’
or grubbed groun d n ear the Foyle it occurs as Fol lridings in a Court Roll of 16 Eliz . In 36 Edw . III . , in
15 Edw . IV . , an d in 1577 , we find a district called theRyden or Rydden s, a tract of woodland doubtless whichhad been brought in to cultivation .
SUNT, a farm b0 1 de1 1n 0°upon C1 owhu1 st parish , writtenSun s in some of the early deeds . In a Court Roll of1568 , I meet with Merrells , a l ias Hun ts , a lias Scriven s ,an d in a Ren tal of 1577 , Hun ts , a lias Sun t s . It i s clearlya pos ses sor ’s n ame, although the fin al 8 i s n ow lost . It i sdescri bed in 1577 as con si sting of 100 acres , an d at thep i esen t time it is about 110, a 1 emarkable in stan ce ofhow little chan ge it has un dergon e l n three cen turies .ALLEYLANDS, possibly conn ected with ‘aller,
’ a n ame forthe alder -tree . This land is situated near the brook .
134 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
SNATTS, alias KNATTS, i s a possessor’s name . Snat t
occurs in the parish register of Oxted in 1640 , and in aSubsidy Roll of 15 Car . II . as Sn et . I find also in t heparish register of Limpsfield, in 1 706, the n ame ofRichard Snat t , an d t he greater part of this farm is inLimpsfield . In a Ren tal of Tat sfield, 1561, i s some landcalled Snat es .
COLTSFORD MILL. In a Court Roll of 15 Edw. IV . thi sappears as le Collys atte Mille, in 19 Edw. IV . Colts atMill, an d In a deed of 29 Eliz . as Coleset t Mill . I cangive n o explan ation of the two latter . If t he former,which is t he n ame it n ow bears , i s in reality the an cien tform han ded down by oral tradition (and local pron unciat ion will often afford the key to the mean ing of a wordwhich in written documen ts has become hopeles sly cor
it will be the Colt’ s -ford . We find the n amesof an imals in conn ection with fords in Oxford ; Hertford, the stag
’s - ford ; Swin ford, the swin e’s-ford ; Gat
ford, the goat’s - ford Horsford an d of birds also e.g.
,
the eagle an d the goose in Ern ingford2
an d Gosford .
In the Computus Roll of Oxted Man or, 35 Edw . III . , afield is men tion ed called Goseforde, and in an Exten tof Limpsfield Man or, 5 Edw. II . , i s a field of the samename .EARLS Woon, GREAT and LITTLE ; Spelt in a deed of
conveyan ce of 1 782 Eyerles Wood . We fin d t he samename in Earlswood Common , n ear Red Hill . Referen ces,says Leo ,
3 are very n umerous to the customary an d
judicial modes of life and to the differen t n ation al gradese. g. , Thengles
-ham , the dwelling of a prin ce Ceorlat un
(Charlton ) , the village of peasan ts . Earls wood is t hewood of the eorl or earl
,just as Charlwood , in t he lower
part of the Coun ty, still locally pron oun ced Chur-le wood,
i s the ceorle’s or peasan t’s wood. In a Court Roll of
19 Edw. IV. men ti on i s made of Lordeslands, n ear Earl sWood and in Tat sfield i s a field called Lords Mead .
1 The name of Cheveril ls,noticed Under Titsey, p . 63
,affords a good
in stan ce of this.
2 Car t . Any. p . 607 .
3 Names of P laces, p. 23.
GIBBS BROOK, the n ame of the stream that divides Oxtedan d Crowhurst . It is an old n ame
, and i s met with inthe following forms : In a Court Roll of 14 Edw. IV.
occurs Gibbys Mede ; in a View of Frank Pledge of4 Hen ry VIII .
, Regia via vocat . Chepsbrooke ; in a Deedof 1 85 2 Phil . Mary, Gippes Brooke . In a Survey ofthe Man or of Oxted, taken 19 Eliz . , the boundaries arethus described : South the river ofGippes, which partetht he Man or of Okest ed from Crowhurst
, bu t t et h all alon gt he said Man or of Okest ed from Tan rige Meadow toCat erford Bridge .” Gib is given by Halliwell 1 as a youn ggo sling, but it seems to be merely a local word ; it i smore probable that it must be classed with t he largen umber of possessor’ s n ames, an d poin ts to the surn ameof an own er of lan d in that part of the parish .
THE RIDGEWAY, in t he groun ds of Barrow Green , occursin the Computus Roll of 35 Edw. III . as Rugweye ;in a Court Roll of 1568 , Rodgeways ; in a Ren tal ofJames I. , Ridgeway . It is either t he ridge-way or pathon the high groun d, rig or rugge bein g old Englishfor a ridge, just as Reigate is from Rigegat e, t he ridgeroad, or else it i s from rug,
’ rough .
RYE WOOD. A wood un der t he chalk-hill men tion edin an accoun t of t he demesn e lands of the Man or ofOxted, in 1 5 76 . It appears that on e of the districts int he parish wen t by the n ame of t he Rey, or the Rye .
In a Deed in Latin , of 12 Rio. II . Regin ald de Cobhamgran ts to Geoffrey St rem on d a cottage with a croft e
of lan d at the Rey, abutting on the king’ s high strete ,leadin g from the Reye towards the Bergh . In CourtRolls of 14 15 Edw . IV. men tion i s made of thehighway called Rye, and of a district called La Rye,which occurs again in a Ren tal of 19 Eliz . and in on e ofJames I. , and in 1 576 it is called Rye Boro . Rye , a liasRaye Croft, i s the n ame of a field n ear Oxted Church .
This district in cluded the village of Oxted, and appearsto have lain roun d Oxted Church an d Barrow Green ,
in the valley,and therefore it i s difficult to explain t he
136 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
mean ing of the word . Had it been the hill district, itmight have been referred to Rei or Rige
,a ridge ; as in
Reigate, and in Ryest ed and Ryelan ds,in Tat sfield .
ROBIN’
S GROVE, the n ame of a wood,partly in Oxted
and partly in Tan dridge, occur s in a Court Roll of20 Edw. IV. It might seem at first sight to be calledafter the bird, Keble
’
s sweet messenger of calmdecay ; but the robin being foun d everywhere, it i shardly likely that any wood would be Specially dedicatedto him . Robbyn i s given in the Promptorium Parvulorum as the Old En glish for a robber ; and it may wellbe that in the thicke t of this grove in days of yore ,some n otorious highwayman lay con cealed ready toexercise his calling upon unwary passengers alon g t hePilgrims ’ Way, which ran hard by.
l Robin ’ s Ham ,
below Tilburs t ow Hill, in t he parish of Godston e, maypossibly be referred to the same cause . I men tion ed afield in Tandridge called Rawbon es , a n ame given , Iimagin e, like Starveacre, to mark the poverty of t he soil .The tran sition from Rawbon es to Robin s is a very easyon e .
SPITAL FIELDS . In t he Survey of 1576 the Outeran d In n er Spit t lefields are mention ed, and betweenthe two a “Turret t of Okes called Spittle Hill .” A
Spittle or hospital was origin ally applied, says Halliwell ,
2 to a lazar -hou se or receptacle for person s afflictedwith leprosy, but afterwards to a hospital of any kin d .
The existen ce of lepro sy in England is called tomin d by the lychn oscopes or lepers’ win dows in ourchurches , of which an example may be seen in thechan cel of Limpsfield church , and by such a n ame asBurton Lazars , a village in Leicestershire . Spit alfields,in Lon don
,took its n am e from the Priory an d Hospital of
St . Mary Spital, foun ded in the reign of Richard I . an d
these fields were doubtles s n amed from some hospitalor pest-house formerly stan ding there . The Computus
1 Robin ’s Grove is stil l t he home of another notorious class of robber.
It is a more certain find for a fox than perhaps any cover in t he
coun try.
2 Dict ionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, p. 785.
138 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
with the suffix ‘tegh ;’
e. g. , Chalvet egh, Horset egh,La Thegh .
ABBOT’
S HETRE an d ABBOT’
S DEANE recall the fact thatthe Abbots of Battle were, un til t he dissolution of themon asteries , lords of the man or of Broadham and
own ers of the Hall Farm .
MESEMEDE (Computus , 35 Edw. III .) i s probably them ossym eadow,
from A.-
.S ‘meos ,’
.moss We findvariou splaces i n the An glo - Saxon Charters with this prefixe. g.
,Meosbroc, Meesbrook, Berkshire ; Meosden , Ken t ;1
Meosdun , Sussex . In a Court Roll of 14 Edw . IV . , afield in Oxted i s men tion ed , cal led Mesehel d, i . e . t he
mossy slope , the word‘held ’ being explain ed by
Stratman to mean a slope or declivity .
2 An d in an
Exten t of Limpsfield Man or, 8 Hen . VI . , i s a field calledMaseden , and in a Ren tal of Tat sfield, of 14 02, i s afield call ed Mosecroft .
AILSWELL, al . AYLESWELL (Survey, The n ameof Eigil the hero - archer,
” says Taylor,3 “ i s probably to
be sought at Aylesbury,formerly E glesbyrig, as well
perhaps as at Aylesford, Ayswort h , and Ayl st on e .
Besides these places,we fin d in t heAnglo-Saxon Charters,n lest on a in Worcestershire, an d E geleswurth (Aylesworth) ,Northampt on shire
f This,then , would be Eigiles
well, the well dedicated to Eigil .ARDYNG GROUNDS, men tion ed in Court Rolls of 14 19
Edw. IV ., and occurrin g in the Survey of 1576 asAddingren , seems rather to bear out the » suppositionexpressed in a former paper 5 on the n ame of Ardin gRun , in Lingfiel d, of t he settlemen t of the clan of theArdings in t he neighbourhood .
ALDRERYES. A Court Roll of 1 Hen . VIII . speaks ofthree crofts called Al dberyes . This name, which wemeet with in Al bury, a parish n ear Guildford, an d againat Merstham , as that of a manor there, i s on e of themany words in which the prefix eald
’
(old) i s found .
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat . Car t . Ana
-San ,117 7 , 114, 18 .
2 Dict ionary of Old English, in verbo.
3 Words and P laces, p . 328 .
4 Kemble, Codex Dip lom. Car/rt . Ang .-Saw.
,Cart . 549 and 423.
5 An te,part i . p. 98 .
There is not, SO far as I know, any earthwork or boroughhere
, and it i s probable that the termin ation i s merelyused in its primary sen se of an in closure or spacewalled in .
ANDREWE’S CROFT (Court Roll , 1 Hen . VIII. ; Andres,
Survey, 1576 ; n ow An drew’s Wood) , recalls t he n ame
of a former own er or o ccupier. Richard and WilliamAn drews appear on a Subsidy Roll of Oxted, 14Hen ry VIII .BARBESWELL (Court Roll, 1 85 2 Ph . Mary) . In a
Ren tal of Titsey, 1402,‘ i s a field called Babhurst .
There are three places in the Saxon Charters 1 which areakin to the word, viz . , Babbanbeorh , Babban feelin g, andBabban med , but Mr . Kemble has n ot been able toiden tify them
, and there is a place in Nottinghamshirecalled Babrooth . It is probably the n ame of someAnglo - Saxon own er .BARKSTEDE (Court Roll, 6 Hen . This is a very
common prefix, and occurs in Barkby and Barkeston e
(Leicestershire) , Barkham (Berks) , Barking (Essex an d
Suffolk) , Barkston e and Barkwith (Lin coln ) , and otherplaces ; an d Berkshire i s t he bearroc or baroc - scyr .
Halliwell 2 gives ‘barken as a south coun try word fort he yard of a house or farmyard . Barkin g Bottom ist he n ame of a field in Warlin gham .
BOURELOND (Court Roll, 2 Hen . Bowerslon ds (Id ,
20 Edw . In Crowhurst there is a small farmcalled Bowerland, an d the lan e leadin g to it is kn ownas Bowerland Lane .BOWSHOT (Bowshot es Brook, Court Roll, 14 Edw . IV) ,
t he n ame also of a wood in Crowhurst . This has
140 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Bromley and numerous other places , i s a very commonprefix . I Shall have occasion to n otice it more fullyhereafter under Broom lands Farm ,
in the parish ofTitsey .
CHALVENOROET (Court Roll, 12 Rich . II .) i s the Cealfen - croft or Calves - croft, Ang.
- Sax . calf.Chaldon , in the An glo -Saxon Charter Céalfdun ,
1an d
Chealfhill , Chealfaleah , an d Cealfeswu l l , are otherin stan ces occurrin g in t he Anglo - Saxon Charters ."2
The n umber of n ames that take their origin froman imals or birds is very large in deed .
3 Cowslan d i sstill the n ame of some lan d in Oxted . It appears in aCourt Roll of 14 Edw. IV . as Cou slislan ds , and in on e of19 Edw . IV . as Cowsleland . It is a con traction doubtles sof Cowlees lan d . Cowcroft i s the n ame of a field inFarley, an d in a Court Roll of 20 Hen . VII . I fin da field in Titsey called Cowlese , an d on Cheverel l s
Farm , in the same parish , are three fields called theCalfiease . In an Exten t of Limpsfiel d Man or of5 Edw. II . i s lan d called Chalvet egh or Chalfit egh .
An other n ame of t he same kin d in Oxted is Hareway. In
a Cour t Roll of 20 Edw . IV. occurs Regia v ia apudmon tem vocat . Harewaye . Leo " remarks of words ofthis class , “ that the first compon en t of t he n ames ofplaces has referen ce to matter of history, to an even t, orto a local feature ; the historical occurren ces , however,are often on ly such as befell the first settlers . A hareboun ded across their path—they n oticed a tree on t heSpot, or some peculiarity of groun d , and the word whichthen ce arose bore such a sign ification .
”
CHAPELL LANDS, at Brodham (Court Roll , Thisn ame possibly poin ts to a chapel at on e time stan dingthere, or n ot improbably the ren ts of these lan ds weredevoted to t he susten tation of a chapel in the parishchurch un der t he will of some own er .COLEAORE (Survey , 1576, and Ren tal , 36 written
1 Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 532.
2 [d .
, Cart. 331, 4 36, 1202.
3 See Lower, Con t . t o Li t , pp . 30—2.
142 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
damp , soft ; and, in the absence of any better explan ation , I Offer it, although I am n ot aware that the wordis used in this part of the coun try in that sen se .
DEWELANDS (Survey, It is difficult to say whysome lan d should be supposed to be more subject to theinfluen ce of dew than other ; but I can on ly derive thisfrom t he word dew, A.
- S. deaw .
’
In the An glo- SaxonChartersl we meet with a place called Deawesbroc,Dewsbrook, Worcestershire .DODWATER MEAD (Court Roll , 1 2 Ph . a
meadow n ear the brook by Gin cocks , I take to be‘dead water mead,
’ a n ame which still exists on the
farm .
FARNEDENE (Ren tal , 19 Eliz .) i s an in stan ce of theoccurren ce of the prefix ‘fearn ,
’ fern , alluded to in aformer paper .
2
FRANKMANNIS (Ren tal, Jac . I .) i s the land of the frankor the freeman .
GODWYN’
S ERSH (Deed, 4 Hen . The first part ist he n ame of a possessor , whom we meet with again inGodwyn eslan d ,
in an Exten t of Limpsfield Man or, 5Edw . II . Ersh ,
’ given by Halliwell3 as the Ken tishword for a stubbl e, i s common ly used in that sensethroughout t he district, an d pron oun ced ash .
’
HANLE WOOD (Ren tal , 19 Derived from theAn gl o - Saxon ‘hean ,
’ poor, or ‘heah , bean e,’ high .
There is a wood of the same n ame in Chelsham ; Hen leeoccurs in a Ren tal of Titsey, 1402 ; an d Hoselan d
Wood in Limpsfield, an ciently wr itten Hon eslan d, all ofwhich I refer to the same source . Hen ley Hill i s then ame of a hill in Sussex , between Midhurst and Haslemere . There are as many as twen ty-n in e places in t heAn glo - Saxon Charters commen cin g with the prefixhean ,
’
an d t he same occurs in Han dley, DorsetshireHen ley, Han ts ; Hen ley-on -Thames ; Hen ley, Somersetshire an d Wiltshire ; Han ley, Worcestershire ; to whichmay be added Hen ley Wood, Yorkshire ; Hen ley, Suffolk,
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat . Cart . A.
-S., Cart. 570 .
2 An te,part i . p . 8 2 .
3 Arch. Diet,in verbo.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 143
an d Hen ley-in -Arden , Warwickshire . On this sufiix
Taylor 1 says Names ofbad omen are rare . From theAnglo -Saxon ‘hean ,
’ poor, we have Henlow, Hen don ,
and Hen ley .
”
HOLLINDEN (Ren tal, 19 Eliz .) an d in a Survey of theMan or of the same year, this is given as on e of theboun daries of the man or on t he n orth . It is the holanden e,
’ or valley of the hollow, a n ame singularly descriptive of the Shape of the groun d immediately un der t hechalk-range . In the Anglo - Saxon Charters2 i s a placecalled Holan -den e, n ear Hoddingt on ,
in Hampshire, andan other place of the same n ame n ear Ockwel l , in Berkshire . There are th irty- six places given in the charterscommencing with the prefix hol,
’ or holan .
’
HOAREMED (Survey, 19 Eliz .) may be compared withHorelon d, alluded to under Tan dridge
8 as bein g from‘hor
,horu ,
’ dirty ; and Hokelon ds andHokemed (Survey,1568 ) supply two more in stan ces of the prevalen ce ofthe prefix hoc ’ or hook .
“
HORSTONE CROFT (Survey, 1576) may be taken to bethe place where a boun dary- ston e was set up between an
estate or a parish . Halliwell 5 says that “Hoar- ston esare ston es of memorial ; stones markin g division s between estates and parishes . They are still foun d inseveral parts of Englan d , and are frequen tly men tion edin old cartularies .” 6 Hoare ’s Oak is a place on theborders of Somersetshire and Devon shire .HOMEWOOD (Court Roll, 14 Edw. IV ., et This
word speaks for itself ; it i s the word of the h im , orhame , the home of t he early settlers . In t he Survey ofthe man or and various ren tals, it i s always spoken ofas the Boro’ of Homewood . It seems to have been inthe southern part of the parish, and Rye Boro ’ in then orthern .
1 Words an d Places, p. 470.
2 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart . 783, 117 1 .
3 Surrey Etymologies,” an t e, p. 106.
4 [d .,p. 88 .
5 Diet . of Archaic and P rovin cial Words, in verbo.
144 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
HODERSLANE (Court Roll, 15 Edw. Hodersbrook
(View of Frank Pledge, 4 Hen . Hoders an d
Huderst e (Survey , This , which has n ow been corrupt ed in to Woodhurst, an d i s a residen ce in the parish ,may be a possessor’s n ame, but I am in clin ed to deriveit from hid, hi
’
i d, or hyd, the An glo—Saxon measure of ahide, and burst , a wood . The actual quan tity of a hidehas been very variou sly estimated , an d Kemble l hasdevoted a chapter of his work to t he discussion of t hesubject. If we may con sider, with him , that it wasabout 33 acres , it i s easy to imagin e that there mighthave been formerly a wood of thi s Size here . There is ,to this day, on e n ear t he brook be tween Oxted an d
Limpsfield (to which , I suppose , t he n ame of Hodersbrook to be applied) , an d some lan d , that was eviden tlyformerly woodlan d, has been grubbed . The View ofFrank Pledge speaks of “Regia via vocata Hodersbrooke . This , I presume, to be t he road leading fromthe confin es of the parish towards Broadham . Hidhirsti s the n ame of a place in Sussex, n ear Bogn or, given inthe Anglo -Saxon Charters , an d several others occurwith the same prefix . It i s close to the district calledformerly t he Herst
, and n ow retain ed in Hurst Green .
HOGTROUGH LANE (Survey, The lan e leadin gup the hill at the back of Barrow-Green House ; it continn ed to deserve the n ame un til about two years ago .
The miserable state of the roads an d lan es formed acon stan t source of complain t at the Courts Leet in t heMiddle Ages , an d to bequeath sums of mon ey by will forthe reparation of t he highways was con sidered a mt orious act . Their con dition formed the subject of manyjesting n ames, such as this . Feat her-bed Lan e an d
Hon ey-pot Lan e are the n ames of two lan es in Limpsfield . Hogt rough Field i s a field in Caterham .
ILY WOOD (Court Roll , 5 Edw. Illyewood Gate
(Court Roll, 16 In t he Anglo - Saxon Charter3 aplace i s given ,
called Il lan leah or Il laleh , said by Kemble
1 Saxons in England, vol . i. chap. iv .
2 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart. 432.
3 [d .
,Cai t. 7 15 .
14 6 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
he says, Speakin g of the old chalk caves at CrayfordeIn the opin ion of the inhabitan ts, these were in former
“
times digged as well for the u se of the chalk t owardesbuilding as for to marle or amen d their arable lan dstherewith .
” Marles i s the n ame of some lan d at Newdegate, men tioned in an In qu i sition post mortem,
15 76 ;Jacob ’s Marle , that of a field on Marsh-Green Farm ,
Edenbridge .MOTTECROFTE (Ren tal , 19 Eliz .) i s probably an other
in stan ce of the word ‘m ote ,’ or meeting-place, alluded
to un der Mot elan ds , in Tan dridge .
1
MELSTRETE (Court Roll , 9 Hen . V . an d 2 Hen . VI .) i sprobably t he road by t he mill ; so kiln i s locally pron oun ced kel l , an d pit, pet . We find the prefix m e] in
Melton ,Melbury, an d other places . Melbury Pool is a
place in Chelsham .
MORANT’
S GATE (Deed, 5 Edw . This is apparen tlyderived from the n ame of a possessor, the gate being probably a gate acros s the road n ear his lan d ; so we haveKen t Gate on the confin es of Surrey an d Ken t, at VVickham . These gates acro s s h igh roads are still common inmany part-s of the Weald of Sussex an d Ken t, an d wereformerly un iversal . There was a kn ightly family ofMoran t seated in Ken t, on e of whom, Sir ThomasMoran t , was of Moran t
’
s Court, in Cheven ing , temp .
Edw . III . Madams Court, an d Madams Court Hill, onthe road from Seven oaks to Lon don , i s a corruption ofMoran t
’
s Court . In an Exten t of t he man or of Limpsfiel d of 8 Hen . VI . , two crofts of lan d are men t ion ed,called ‘Moraun t escroft es,
’
an d among the farm ten an tsi s John Moraun t and his n ame appears as a tenan t inan Exten t of the man or of Broadham ,
in Oxted, of thesame year .NETHERLONDS (Ren tal , from the Anglo -Saxon
NyRera, NeoEera, the n ether or lower lands . This prefixo ccurs in NeotSerehama, Netherham , an d Neo’Seret un
,
Netherton (Worcestershire) , Ny’Seran Stanford , an d
NyVSeran t un , n ot iden tified, men tion ed in t he charters .2
1 “Surrey Etymologies, an te, p . 105 .
2 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t, Cart. 7 64, 139, 130 1, 1296.
The Netherlands are the low- lying lands, an d in thi scoun try the prefix occurs in Netherfiel d, n ear Battle ; inNetheravon and Netherhampton , Wilts ; in Netherbyan d Net herwick, Cumberlan d, an d various otherplaces .NOTTINGHAMES, a l . NETTINGHAMES (Ren tal, 1568 , an d
Survey, 19 This is a possessor ’s n ame ; ThomasNet tyngham appears on a Subsidy Roll of Oxted, 14Hen . VIII .
POPESLANE, a l . POPESLAND LANE,'
a name still existing,occurs as early as in Court Rolls of 7 and 21 Hen . VII . ,
an d Popeslan d an d POpism ede in a Ren tal of 19 Eliz . Itis a possessor’ s n ame .POWDER DICKS, the n ame of a small wood on Gincock
’
s
Farm . I don ’t find it in any of the early deeds . Halliwell 1 gives “Pow- dike, a dike made in the fens forcarrying Off the waters ;
”an d as this i s in the lower
part of the farm, n ear some flowing meadows , it seemsn ot improbable that this IS the origin of the nam e .POWKEBROOKE (Court Roll, 14 Edw. IV .) i s an in
stan ce of the prefix p‘ ouk, alluded to in a formerpaper un der Horn e an d Crowhurst .2 In a n ote to theJournal of Timothy Burrell , Esq.
,
3 Mr . Blen cowe saysThere are many farms and clo ses in Sussex which owe
their n ames to havin g been the reputed haunts of fairies ,such as Pookryde, Pookbourn e, Pookhole, Pookcroft .
”
Pookhole i s a n ame of a field in the Man or of Ot t eham ,
in Hailsham, an d on e of the local names in the Chron icleof Battle Abbey
"
PILLORIE CROET (Rental , This i s described asbein g in Rye Borough ; and as that in cluded the villageof Oxted, it was probably close to it, and took its n amefrom the pillory being set up there . In the SussexArch. Col lection 5 i s a sketch of a pillory, which still
1 Diet . of Archaic and Provincial Words, in verbo.
148 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
exists in Rye Church . Throughout the Middle Ages itwas in use (says Mr . Lower) in all corporate town s forthe pun ishmen t of men who broke t he assize of breadand beer, and committed such- like small acts of injusticeagain st the common weal .” These presen tmen ts werevery common at the Cour t s Leet of man ors , an d probably the pun ishmen t was employed in other placesbesides corporate town s . We fin d it gen erally associat ed with the cuckin g- stool , which was used in t he
pun ishmen t of women . In a presen tmen t on the Rollsof Seaford , 37 Eliz . , t he jury presen t that the pillory ,cucking- stool, an d the butts are in a state of decay, an dthe same complain t i s made in subsequen t years . In aRen tal of Oxted of 4 Hen . IV . , the Man or is said to beheld of t he King , with a court from three weeks to threeweeks, view of frank pledge, free warren of the Old Park,in fangthef
, ou t fangt hef, p il lory, cuckin g- stool , soc and sac,&c . We fin d f1 om Maitlan d,
1 that in Cornhill was placeda pillory, for the pun ishmen t of bakers offen ding m theassize of bread ; for millers stealing of corn at t he mill ,an d for scolds an d other offen dei s an d that In the year14 68 divers person s , bein g common jurors , such as atassizes were forsworn for rewards or favour of parties ,were judged to ride from Newgate to the pillory inCornhill with mitres of paper 0 11 their heads, there tostan d, an d from then ce again to Newgate .
REMROLDESMORE (Deed, 18 Edw. I derive thi sword from Rumbald, a proper n ame ; i .e. Rumbald
’
s
‘mOr’ or ‘m ére,
’ a pool or pon d . An d this its Situation would justify, for t he deed describes it as lyingby the river separating Limpsfiel d an d Oxted . In theAnglo - Saxon Charters a place is given in Buckinghamshire
, RumboldeS-den ,2and in Worces t ershire, Rum
woldes -m tir .3 Rombald’
s Moor is t he spot just fixedupon for the Site of a large military camp . The prefix
1 His t . of London , vol . 11. p . 903. In Long Ago, of Sept ,18 73, is a
fu l l accoun t of t he pil lory, and t he n ature of t he pun ishmen t,with
several represen tation s of i t from early man uscripts.
2 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 449 (so Index , bu t t he referenceis wrong). 3 [d., Car t . 308 .
150 SURREY ETY MOLOGIES.
SERARE-LEYS, SHIRLESE, and SHIRLEYS (35 Edw . III . andThis I derive from the A.
-S . sceran ,
’ to cu t .
Compare Shirley, n ear Croydon , possibly from the same
root ; an d Long Sherlow,a field in Warlingham . 111
the majority of cases,where this prefix occurs , it i s
‘scire ,’
scyr,’ a coun ty . Soireburn e, Sherburn , t he
coun ty brook ; Scire-mere, the shire -mark, or coun tyboun dary .
SILRRAM, al . THE SILK’
S HAME (Survey, A fieldof seven teen acres , adjoin in g Chalk-pit Wood, and an ame still in use . I am n ot able to give any satisfactoryexplan ation of it, but men tion i t , because, in the AngloSaxon Charters we fin d a place in Han ts of t he samen ame, Sioluc-ham .
1 If Latin roots were admissible,silex ,
’ a flin t, would be a plausible derivation .
SKETEHAOOHE (Court Roll, 5 Edw. Presen tmen tthat a bridge at Sket ehacche, in t he tithing of Ston ehurst, was broken . Der . : Sceatt, Scoet t , a divisionor corn er ; an d this, bein g by the brook, was probablya parish boundary . On the word hatch , Taylor
2re
marks , that it i s a hitch -gate and a common suffix inthe n eighbourhood of an cien t forests ; e.g. , Coln eyhatch, West hat ch . If the derivation suggested of theprefix be correct, we meet with it in t he n ame of a placein Han ts, called in the A.
-S . Charters Sceat t el éah .
3
SOGHAMS (Court Roll, 18 Ric . II .) i s to be comparedwith a field of the same n ame, men tion ed un der Crowhurst .4
SOMERRERYES (Court Roll, 15 Edw. Der . Sumer,Summer ; Bearo, pasture for swin e, the place ofsummer pasture for hogs . In the A.
-S. Charters wemeet five times with Denbaero,
5 the pasture in the den eor wooded valley, and Wealdbaero,
6 the pasture in thewood . This pannage for swin e was of great value in
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart . 673 .
3 Words and P laces, p. 484.
3 Kemble, Codex Dip ., Cart. 342.
4 An te, part i . p. 104 .
5 Kemble, Codex D ip lomat , Cai t. 114, 160, 179, 198, 239.
6 [d ., 162 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 151
those days . The Domesday Survey states that the woodsIn Oxted yielded yearly 100 fat hogs ; those of Limpsfield 150 . The prefix Somer, or Sumer, occurs frequen tly ; e.g. , Somerset, Somerton , Somerleyton , &c .,
Somerset Lan e and Somerset Farm, n ear Peper Harow,
and Sommersbury Wood in Ewhurst, in this coun ty .
SWIERS (Ren tal, 19 On e meese, call ed Swiers ,and three parcels Of lan d thereto belonging, con tain in gn in e acres .” It is derived, I think, from t he Anglo - Saxonswerra, or swora, a n eck, as suggested un der Tandridge .
l
The word Swire i s given by Halliwell 2 as mean ingthe n eck . There are two places in the A.
- S. Charters of like n ame—Sueire (Swyre, Dorset) an d Su iran
(Swyre, Han ts) . In a Ren tal of t he Man or of Titsey,14 02 , i s a field called Swirefel de,
’
an d in an Exten t oft he Man or of Limpsfield (5 Edw. II .) on e called ‘LaSwere .
’
Swereslon d (Court Roll of Titsey, In
Capel parish, on the borders of Leigh, i s a farm calledSwire’s Farm .
VYNOHESLO (Visas F . P . ,14 Edw. Compare
Win ches t on Lan e un der Crowhurst,3 and in the An gloSaxon Charters, Win ceburn e , Win chbourn , an d Wincawel l , Dorset ; Win cen dun , Win chdon , Oxon . ; an d
Win cesburug, Somerset . The termin ation lo i s appliedto a Slope of groun d .
WARDINS (Ren tal, cir . There are two places inthe Anglo -Saxon Charters almost iden tical
,—Wearddiin
(Warden , Ken t) , andWérdunIt is probably from the Anglo- Saxon wer,
’ or waer,’
an
in clo sure, the in closure on the down or hil l . The prefixwer or waer ,
’ en ters in to numbers of places, an d wasn oticed un der Warwick Wood“in Bletchingley .
ASHBY FIELD, on Whitehouse Farm , i s either thefield by the ash- tree, or is so called from an own er oroccupier of that name .TEYNTEIELD (Court Roll, 14 Edw. A field of the
1 An te,part i. p. 107
2 Diet . ofArchaic and Provincial Words, in verbo.
3 An te, part i . p. 103.
4 An te,p. 80.
152 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES .
same n ame in Croydon was noticed by Mr. Flower ,1 butn o derivation suggested . Tain t i s given by Halliwellas a large protuberan ce at the top of a pollard tree .
The practice of pollarding trees was very common in theMiddle Ages . We find pollards con stan tly men tion ed asboundary-marks , or givin g n ames to fields or woods ;e.g. , Pollard Oak, Pollard
’s Wood . Teyn t sfield i s then ame of a place n ear Bristol .GRESHAM MEAD, a field n ear Broadham Green , records
t he possession by the Gresham family of the Man or ofBroadham an d the Hall Farm . The Man or of Broadham remain ed in t he han ds of that family from 1539
un til 1 718 , an d they did n ot par t with all their in terestin the Hall Farm un til t he close of the last cen tury .
The following list i s of n ames which are derived fromformer own ersALLENLONDS (Survey, 19 Ellin or Allyn e
, on e
of the ten an ts of the man or .
DABERONS. John Dabrun , witn es s to a charter o frelease of t he Man or of Oxted , 27 Edw . I .
DANEMED (Survey, temp . Robert Dan e, ten an t .
GILDENS . Thomas Gilden , ten an t (Deed, 4 Hen .
HEREWARDS, probably Haywards . The n ame of Hayward appears in a Court Roll of 25 Edw . III . , and theywere a yeoman family of som e importan ce .
HOMMANDS (Survey, 19 Richard Homman d,ten an t .KNIGHETES (Deed , 1 Edw. V .) Thomas Kn ight, ar
m iger .
MAYNESFIELD (1 85 2 Ph . 85 Mary). Henry Mahen ,
ten an t . (Exten t of Man or of Broadham , 5 Edw. II .)SALMANS CROFT (1 Rio. The family of Saleman
own ed lan ds at Caterham , t emp . Edw. III .
SORENLESLAND. Martin Schen che, or Schenke, m arriedClarice
,the secon d daughter an d heir of Rolan d de
Acs t ede, t emp . Edw. II .
SHOTTS (Ren tal, Richard Shot, one of thetenan ts at a court held 14 Edw. IV.
1 Surrey Arch. Coll., vol . iii . p. 25 1.
ERTHIGORS (Deed,GLYWOODS (Court Roll , 14 Edw.
GRENE EYSER (Court Roll, 15 Edw.
HYKEDES (36 Edw .
INHOMES (17 Hen .
JACKELYNGEFELDS (15 Edw.
MACKERELL CROFT (Ren tal , temp . Jac .
NATYES, a l . NATOEES (1568 an d
PEAKE MEAD. Name still in use .PAPSOMES
PETEREND (36 Edw.
SOALLIDRYDEN (15 Edw . Compare SOALLEDFIELD
(Court Roll , Warlingham,17 17 an d Scald Hill,
the n ame of a field in Caterham .
THE SOUTELL (19THINOHAMES, a lias THE INOEAMES
THYNNANS (157WEOHE, or LE WEOHE (Ren tal, temp . Jac .WOMBLANDS (18 Rio.
WYSDOMFIELU (37 Edw. III . and 19 Edw.
L I M P S F I E L D .
LIMPSFIELD . Domesday Survey,Limenesfeld ; Ex
ten t Of t he Man or, 5 Edw. II ., Lym en esfeld ; temp . Eliz . ,
Lym esfeld ; 1685, Lympsfield an d Limpsfiel d . We mustdi smis s the plausible derivation which would assign to ita Latin origin ; i .e.
‘ager in limin e,’ the field on the
borders of Surrey (the parish marching on the coun ty ofKen t throughout its eastern boundary) it i s in con sisten twith the opin ion before expressed,
’an d exceedingly
un likely that in a district where everythin g is purelySaxon , one place alone, and that on e n ot of great importan ce, should have a Latin name . A Latin prefixwith a Saxon sufiix i s, I think, fatal to the notion ,
even if other arguments were wanting ? To give the
1 An te, part i . p. 92.
3 Chest erfield, which might at first Sight seem t o be so compounded,
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 155
right derivation i s n ot so easy . J. P . Harrison , Esq. ,
in a paper on a Vicin al Road in the parish ofEwhurst,
1 men tion s that along the lin e of it occurthese n ames— Lem inge Lan e, Lemon
’s Barn, and
Lemmon Bridge ; and he cites the Opin ion of Mr .Hodgson , in his History of Northumberland
,
” “ thatleam and ‘leming are words very common ly appliedto an cien t roads or places Situated n ear them .
” Hesays further, that Mann ing, in his History of Surrey
,
” 2
agrees with Dr . Gale and Mr . Denn e in thinkin g it probable that the public way or leman ’ which termin atedat Stangate, on the Thames, gave its n ame to Lambeth .
On this supposition , Limpsfield, or Leman esfel d, as it i ssometimes written , might have taken its n ame from thefact that the lin e of an cien t road,
3 called in the MiddleAges the Pilgrim’ s Way, traversed it from east to west .In the adjoin ing parish of Titsey, immediately on the confin es of Limpsfield, i s some lan d called Lem an eslond
(Ren tal of Titsey, The objection s to this derivation are, 1st , that the word Leming seems ordinarily tooccur in con n ection with Roman roads ; an d 2nd, thatthe Pilgrim’ s Way did n ot pass through the village, butcon siderably to the n orth of it. Supposing it to beLeman esfeld, it is easy to see how the tran scriber ofDomesday would have given it the Latin ized form ofLim in esfeld .
4 Lympston e, n ear Exeter, and Lympsham ,
near Bridgewater Bay, have apparen tly the same prefix .
BRAMSELLE (Domesday Survey Bram sel le belongedto this man or in the time of Kin g Edward , as t he m en
of the hun dred This place cann ot n ow be ident ified . The derivation would be bremel or bramel,
’
is not so in reality, for t he Lat in word cas trum had come t o be adopt edgen erally, and appeared in t he Anglo
- Saxon form of ceast er.
’
1 Surrey Arch. Coll., vol . iii. pp. 5, 6.
156 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
A.-S. for bramble, which occurs as a prefix in so many
n am es e.g. , Brambletye , n ear Eas t Grin stead ; Bramley1Volf, a meadow in Titsey, -and sele , sel ,
’ a dwelling,which we meet with in Selesdun e Sel sdon , an d Selhurs t ,Croydon .
1 Sele ’ i s t he dwelling of the wealthy, asdi stin guished from cote ,
’
t he cottage?HOOKWOOD, the prin cipal residen ce in the place . It is n o t
an old n ame in its presen t form ; it is local lycal led t he Hook ,an d occurs as La Hoke ’
in an Exten t of t he Man or, 5 Edw .
II . , Pastura vocata la Hoke .
’ The lan e leading to i t i scalled , in an early Court Roll of t he Man or of Titsey,Hoks t ret e . Noman shoke i s a field at this poin t, m en
t ion ed in a Court Roll of Titsey , 1525 , an d Clayhouk Crofti s a n ame of a field in that parish men tion ed in a Ren talof 14 02 . Little an d Great Hook are two fields at Trevereux , as also Hocfield, Hocm eade, an d Nicholhooke .
In an early Deed relating to Caterham men tion i s madeof eleven acres in t he valley below ‘Hoca
,
’
n ow per
pet uat ed in Hook - arm . I have already poin ted out 3
t he mean in g of this n ame as implying t he place at t he‘hoc ’ or corn er of t he parish . The old n ame for t heresiden ce was Beckett ’s or Hare Hill , as appears by theDeeds . Beckett ’ s i s doubtle ss from a possessor, t he n ameappearing in t he Parish Register in 1561 . Harehu l l
,as
it i s there written ,occurs in an Exten t of t he Man or,
8 Hen . VI ., and i s derived from t he hare , an d m ay com
pare with Harewey, in Oxted" It i s a dry, san dy bank,
singularly suited to hares .NEW HALL recalls t he existen ce Of a large man or-house
at that Spot, t he residen ce of the Gresham fam ily, t heon ly traces of which n ow remain ing are some of t he oldwalls : t he foun dation s may be seen in a dry summer .
There i s n o record of t he date of it s buildin g . It wasprobably erected by t he Greshams after they becamepossessed of the m an or in 1 539 , an d may have occupiedthe Si t e of the capital m essuage of t he Abbots of
1 Su rrey Arch. Col l .,vol . iii. pp. 248—9 .
3 Leo,Anglo
-Saxon Names, p . 54 .
3 An te,part i . p . 8 8 .
4 Vide an te, p . 140.
158 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES .
174 5, Treverux ; 1788 , Trevereux . It is common lysupposed that the name was derived from some NormanFren ch possessor, but of this there i s n o record ; an d it
will be seen that the presen t spelling of the word, whichgives it a Fren ch appearan ce, i s of recen t origin , whileall the earlier documen ts give rock as the termin ation .
The prefix I can n ot explain ; the suffix is explain ed bythe rocky n ature of t he soil in the upper part of thelan d . In t he Exten t of 2 Hen . VI . , Thomas Treveraki s a ten an t of t he man or ; and in a Court Roll of31 Hen . VIII . Thomas Trivyrock appears ; it may therefore be a possessor ’s n ame but I think it more probablethat the person s above men tion ed took their n ame fromthe place . It has been suggested to m e that it is a person al n ame , origin ally of Corn ish origin . Trevarrick i st he n ame of a village in that coun ty .
ITORINOWOOD COMMON. This i s probably the sameplace which occurs in t he Exten t of 5 Edw. II . asEt hen ewood . It i s there described as a wood of sixtyfive acres at Skymm anye (a district in that part of theparish) , an d, as its n ame implies , it was formerly woodgroun d, though n ow en tirely pasture . Its presen tacreage (fifty- Six acres) tallies very well with its an cien tdescription , as , n o doubt, certain in clo sures have takenplace Sin ce that time . In a Deed of 1 767 it i s calledHal in g Wood an d locally som etimes Eastwood . AlthoughI do n ot find It chingwood in t he earliest documen ts whichI possess , there can be n o doubt that it i s an an cien tn ame , an d on e of the tribal or clan n ames . The Iccingasare given by Kemble 1 amon g the marks in ferred from localn ames . From them we have It chingfield ,
n ear Horsham ,
Sussex, an d Itchington ,in Gloucestershire an dNVarwick
Shire, an d possibly Etchingham ,Ken t, and Et chinghil l ,
on Cann ock Chase .
ETHENEWOOD would be from the A.-S. eten , etan ,
’
a gian t, the root probably of Et handun’
(Edington ,
Wilts ), men tion ed in t he A.-S . Charters? The n ames
of fairies and mon sters en ter very largely in to Anglo1 Saxon s in Englan d, v ol . i . App. A
,p. 4 68 .
3 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 314 , 465, 1067 .
Saxon n ames . I have suggested the same derivationfor En t erden ,
in Godston e .
1 The Puckm ires , Puckwel l s ,8t o . , belon g to t he same category ; an d Devu les Meadow(Ren tal of Tat sfield , 1561 ) i s apposite .HALING WOOD would, in all probability, be an other
tribal n ame from the clan or family of the Hal lingas ,whom we mee t with at Hallin g , Ken t, Haling Park,Croydon ,
2and Halyngbury, men tion ed in a Deed of
1527 , as a place i n Ca t erham .
STAFFORD’
S VVOOD, an cien tly written St afhurs t , an d
still so pron oun ced locally . Exten t, 5 Edw . II . , St af
l1ers twode ; ditto , 2 Hen . VI. , St affirst eswode ; Deed1 750, St affors t Wood . It is from the An glo - Saxons t aef,
’ a staff ; and hurst,’ a wood . The same prefix
occurs in Stafford , origin ally St aef- ford ; Staveley, Derbyan d Staverton , i .e. St af- ford- t un , Devon .
3
LIMPSFIELD LODGE, the n ame of a farm,i s on e of the
many in stan ces in which we find Lodge . Loge is an
Anglo -Norman word for a dwelling, from the Fren ch‘loger . ’ In a Deed of 1 750 it i s called the CourtLodge .
LIMPSFIELD PARK , the n ame of a farm . It derivesits n ame from the park attached to New Hall . It i smen tion ed in a Deed of Park Mead , on this farm ,
i s from t he same source .
BALLARDS. (Exten t, 5 Edw . II . an d 2 Hen . VI ., Bal
lardeslan d . ) There is a wood of the same n ame inAddington parish . As I find William Ballard amon gthe ten an ts , 5 Edw. II . , I suppose i t i s a possessor
’ sn ame . In the Church of Merstham is , or was, a brassto the memory of John Ballard an d Margaret his wife,date 14 63 .
! Ballard Down Forelan d is on the Dorsetshire coast . Cape Ballard i s a cape of Newfoundlan d ,an d Ballards Poin t a cape on the west coast of Irelan dco . Clare .
1 An te, par t i . p . 93 .
3 See Mr . Flower’s remarks, Su rrey Arch. Coll . , v ol . iii . p . 246.
3 A Stafford is a local word in Gloucestershire for a rough p iece of
BOLTHURST, a i . BOLTERSALL, a l .WALTERS, i s the Bold orBolt
,
’ the dwelling by t he ‘hurst ’ or wood . There i sto thi s day a wood immediately at the back of t he house,an d, being in the wealden part of the parish, it wasdoubtles s at on e time surroun ded by wood .
GRANTS, a farm of that n ame . It occurs in theExten t of 2 Hen . VI . as Graun t z . It may be a possessor
’
s
n ame, as we find in t he Exten t of 2 Hen . VI . t he n ameof Roger Graun t ; bu t , from its proximity to the wastel an d at It chingwood Common , it i s n ot improbable thati t was origin ally a gran t of a portion of the waste
, and
then ce derived its n ame .
DOGGETTS, n ow corrupted in to Doghurs t , i s a possessor’s
n ame . John Doget occurs as on e of the ten an ts in t heExten t of 2 Hen . VI .
, and the n ame is met with in theearly rolls of Oxted .
STOOKENDEN, an an cien t dwellin g-house, n ow a farm ,
an d much reduced in size . It gave the n ame to a familyof De St alkynden , or St awyn den , on e of whom ,
RogerSt alkyn den ,
i s men tion ed in a Deed of 1384 relatin g toFoyle, an d in a Deed of 1367 relating to Tat sfield, inwhich he i s called Roger de St anyngden n . John deSt en eghenden e is men tion ed in t he Exten t of 5 Edw. II.
Kemble gives St ocingas as on e of t he tribal n ames ,occurring in Stockin g , Hei t s , Stockin gford, co . 1Varwick, an d St ockingham , co . Devon , from which
,
perhaps, it derives its n am e .
‘Stoc ’ i s also A.-S . for
a stem , or log of a t ree ; an d in Crowhurst is a farmcalled S t ocklan ds . The place i s very oft en written Storkenden an d, if this orthography be correct, it would bederived from s t orc,
’ a stork . Its situation in somewhatlow, mai shy groun d , with large woods adj oin in g, wouldsuit vei y well with this del ivat ion . In a Ren tal ofTitsey
,1402
,a field is men tion ed
,called “ le Bromfel d
n uper St awyn den .
”
THE MOAT FARM, so called from the moat with which ,
un til quite recen tly, it was surroun ded . There i s a farmof t he same n ame in Lingfield . Many of the old housesin t he district were origin al ly moated . Ten chleys an d
Stocken den both were so . At Lagham the m oat in closes
162 SURREY ETYMOLOOIES .
own ers or occupiers ; the former dates from the time o f5 Edw . II . , when we find William Part rich amon g t heten an ts , and are able to iden tify t he farm by t he fact thatit i s there said that he pays a ren t of 4 d . yearly for a rightof exit on to St afhurs t Wood ; an d in the Exten t of8 Hen . VI .
, John Part rich holds a messuage an d 16
acres of lan d n ear St affirst eswode . The n ame of Partridge Farm occurs on a tombston e in Limpsfield churchyard Of t he beginn in g of this cen tury, but i t is f n ow
gen erally kn own as Ben n ett’s . The n ame of WilliamBen et occurs in t he Exten t of 8 Hen . VI .
WHITEHOUSE FARM, a l ias STAOYES . The latter is t hean cien t n ame , and i s derived from the family of Stacey,who are still to be m e t with in these parts . In t he
Survey of Oxted Man or of 19 Eliz ., Stacie h is Farm
is men tion ed as on e of the boundaries : t he boun ds ofLimpsfiel d aud Oxted man ors meet on this farm . Staceyoccurs in t he Parish Register , 1569 , and in a Court Rollof Titsey, 15 Rio. II . , i s a field called St aciescroft e .
GRUBBS, a lias MOUSES, a possessor’s n ame . John
Grubbe appears as a ten ant in t he Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . ,
amon g others , holdin g lan d at St afi’
ord’
s 1Vood, n earwhich this i s situated . Mouses appears as Mu sher t e in
t he Exten t of 6 Edw. II . , an d as Mou shers t isfeld in thatof 8 Hen . VI .
, in which we fin d t he n ames of JohnMoushers t and Gilbert Mous , holdin g a toft an d a gardenat Stafford ’ s 1Vood ; an d in a Court Roll of Oxted, of14 Edw. IV . we fin d a field called Mou sehers t .
PLUM PARK, a small field lying by itself in t he
middle of St afi’
ord’
s Wood, charged, un der the will ofJohn 1Vood , in 1710 , with an annuity of 10s . to t he poorOf Limpsfield , to buy thirty loaves of good bread at 4 d .
t he loaf, to be distributed to thirty poor people of t heparish
,at t he discretion of t he churchwarden s an d over
seers to be given an d distributed at t he church porchupon every Good Friday in t he foren oon . The n amedoes n ot appear in t he early records , but probably i t i san an cien t n ame, an d a very old in closure . The word‘pluma,
’
A.-S . , a plum or plum - tree , en ters in to the
n ames of several places . There i s a place in Ken t,
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 163
men tion ed in the A.-S. Charters ,
l singularly like it inform,—‘Plumwearding pearrocas ,
’
i .e. t he park or inclosure of the pl umward, or keeper of the plum - trees .In the same charters are Plumhyrcg (Plum ridge , in
1Vorcest er) , Plum leah (Plumley, Berks) , an d Plumstead,Ken t an d Essex . Plum Park is t he in closure of theplum- trees, and affords a good in stan ce of t he primarysign ification of the word ‘
parrog,
’ or ‘pearroc,
’ park ;n amely, an in closure? Crabbe t t Wood , on Gran t’ sFarm, i s of a kin dred origin ,
bein g derived from crabba,’
A.-S ., a crab-tree as also Apel t un , a field in Caterham .
The presen t occupier un derstan ds it, from its being asolitary in closure in the middle of the waste , in t he sen seof a plum taken out of the puddin g .
STEWARD’
S LAND. Two fields lyi n g by themselves atStafford’ s Wood
, an d doubtles s in clo sed at some timefrom the waste . They may have origin al ly been allottedto some steward of t he man or . Steward i s said to bederived from s t oweweard,
’ the keeper of the dwellingplace .
THE HORNS, a cottage and in clo sure on St afi‘
ord’
s"
Wood . In t he Chart is a piece of groun d adjoin ing t heboun dary of Westerham
,called Horn s Acre . In the
Exten t of 5 Edw . II . Six acres of wood are men tion ed inHorn eslan d, an d in that of 8 Hen . VI . Horn eslond
occurs . This latter place i s n ot iden tified, but it i ssomewhere in t he district called Chart . I believe t hederivation to be from ‘horn ,
’ a corn er .
3 The Horn s i sat the corn er of Stafford’s Wood
,an d Horn s Acre is in
a corn er of the Chart . It is remarkable that t he Horn si s n ow in part t he property of Richard Heath , an d
occupied by him an d that in the Extent of 8 Hen . VI . ,
John atte Hethe appears as ten an t of Horn eslond . Iam in formed that there was a public-house at this spot,by the Sign of the Horn s .BIBOHIN HALL, an other n ame for the Horn s , m en
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 204, 670, 1216, 562.
3 See an t e, part i . p . 8 6
,and n ote.
164 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
t ion ed in a Deed of 1 727 . It i s from ‘beoro,’
A.-S . ,
a birch- tree, and hall ,’ a house . It was a n oted
resort for smugglers . In Chelsham is a field calledBirch Hall .VINTELLS, alias LENTILS, a small farm . I can suggest
11 0 derivation for this n ame .
HIGH RIDGE, SO called from its situation on the highgroun d adjoin ing Merle Common .
HIGH LANDS, alias ROWLANDS, are the high, otherwiset he ‘
row,
’ or rough lan ds . A croft n ear S t afford’sWood, of n in e acres an d a half, called Heghelan d,i s men tion ed in t he Exten t Of 5 Edw. an d in
that of 8 Hon . VI . occurs Heyelondeshaghe, Highlan dshawe .
NEWINGTONS. Probably a possessor ’s n ame .
BATTERELLS, a l ias RED LANE FARM. It occurs in t he
Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . as Bat erel lslon d, and in a CourtRoll of Oxted of 19 Edw . IV . , to which parish it adjoin s ,Bat erel lys, an d in a conveyan ce of 1 74 5, as Bat t erhil l .
It does n ot appear to be a possessor ’s n ame, an d admitsof n o satisfactory explan ation .
HOLLAND, t he n ame of an old dwelling, now re
moved, but retain ed in Hollan d Lan e, i s probably from‘hol,
’ a hole or hollow,— the lan d in the hollow. In a
Cour t Roll of Titsey, 26 Hen . VIII ., some lan d is m en
t ion ed, called Hal lon d .
THE ROCKS, a l ias BRIOES (Ren tal of Oxted, 19 Eliz . ,
the Roicks) . The first n ame i s from the character oft he soil, which is of a san dy, rocky n ature . Will atteRokke is the n ame of on e of the ten an ts in the Exten t of5 Edw . II . ; the secon d is a possessor
’s n ame . Hen ryBrice appears on the Homage in 5 Edw. II . , and in theExten t of 8 Hen . VI . there i s on e of the same n ame . In
t he same Exten t some lan d is men tion ed, called Briceslon d, and again Brisinxcroft . It is difficult to distinguishwhich lan d i s part of the Rocks, an d which is at a placestill called Brice Cross . The origin of Brice Cross i sfrom the sain t St . Brice, to whom a cross was probablydedicated at that spot . His festival was on November13 th
, 0 11 which day, in 1002, the Danes in Englan d were
Tat sfield Court Farm,Ridden s , But Ridden , Great
But Ridden,Chalk- ridden .
1Varl ingham ,The Ridin gs
, an d Button Ridden
(Court Roll, Chelsham,Scott’s Hall Farm ,
Ridden s .
Limpsfield Lodge Farm,the Ridden s .
Crouch House Farm,Edenbridge
,Great, Little, and
High Ridden s .
Oxted, Foyle Ridden s and the Ridden s .
This makes m ore than thirty in stan ces wi thin a verysm all compass . l
John Rodelon d occurs in the Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . ason e of t he ten an ts
,taking his n ame
,doubtless
,from the
place .LOCKIIURST, a corruption of Lockyers , occurs as
Lokiereslon d (Exten t, 5 Edw . IL) ; Lockyerslon d an d
Lockyersden (Exten t, 8 Hen . Lockearslan d (12Ann e) . It i s probably a possessor s n ame , though t hen ame does n ot occur in the early Exten ts of t he Man or .HEADLANDS
,immediately adjoin in g t he common or
heath , i s properly Hethlon ds , an d i s SO written in t he
Exten t of 8 Hen . VI .
LOMBARDENS,a l ias LUMBARDINGS, a small farm . There
is a wood of t he same n ame 0 11 Chelsham Court Farm ,
in Chelsham, an d Great an d Little Lumbarden s are t he
n ames of two fields adjoin in g it on Beddles t ed Farm . It
i s suggested by Mr . Edmun ds 9 that these words arederived from Lamba
,
’
t he n ame of a chief (or clan ) ; an dhe cites Lamb -hithe, Lambeth ; Lamberhurst, Ken t ;and Lambourn ,
Berkshire, in support of this opin ion .
CROWHURST, men tion ed in a Deed Of 1 720 , i s n ot , Ithink
,like t he parish of Crowhurst, t he Crow
’
s -wood,but a posses sor ’ s n ame . Robert Crowhurst appears inthe Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . , and there i s still a family of
this n ame living in the pari sh . The Deed above cited
1 Among some property lately advertised for sale in Godalm ing and
Chiddingfold were 11 acres of land cal led ‘The Biddings.
’Rydon is
t he name of a place n ear Watchet, Somersetshire, and al so of a parishin Norfolk .
3 Traces of 11 is tory in the Names of P laces, p. 238 .
describes it as a fiel d'
of three acres , abutting to thecommon .
MOOR HOUSE appears as Morelon d in the Exten t of8 Hen . VI . , an d in t he Parish Register as Moorhousean d the Moor . It is so called from its situation at theedge of the moor or common .
PASTENS, or PASTINGS, i s probably a possessor’s n ame ,
but I can give n o authority in support of it, an d I don ot find the n ame in any early deeds .VIOAR
’
S HAW, written also Vigor’s,Wickers
,an d
Vigorous in the Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . ,which lat t er I
take to be a corruption of Vigor’s House . Vicar’s Hawis n ot , I think, in any way to be conn ected with ourword ‘Vicar,
’
n or like t he Vicar’ s Oak in Norwood ,referred to by Mr . Flower .1 I think it is from someperson of the n ame of Vicker or Vigor . Haw, accordingt o Leo?may be ren dered view ; and if this be correct,it would in this case be singularly applicable, t he viewfrom this Spot being on e of the fin est an d most exten sivein t he Whole district . Taylor 3 in terprets Haw to meana place where trees have been hewn , an d almost syn onymous with field . Watts Haw is the n ame of some lan don the side Of Pain ’s Hill in this parish , comman dinga distan t view over the 1Veal d ; an d Clerkeshagh ,Bern ehagh , Cal ipreshawe, Chert ehagh, all occur in theExten t of 8 Hen . VI .CHARTLAND. Men tion ed in the Exten t of 5 Edw . H. ,
and described there as con sisting of acres in twofields, worth per acre 6d . In the Deed of Conveyan cefrom Sir Charles Gresham, Bart . , to t he trustees ofArchbishop Ten ison , to Whose Charity the farm stillbelongs, it i s described as eight parcels of lan d, calledChart Lan ds an d Char t Haws . The n ame is derivedfrom its having origin ally, n o doubt, formed part ofthe Chart
,to which it adjoin s , and having been in
closed from it : which Chert eriden , men tion ed also in5 Edw . II ., would seem to imply . The occurren ce of haw
1 Su rrey Arch. Coll ., vol . iii . p . 245 .
3 Al ames of P laces, p . 115 .
3 Words and P laces, p . 4 80 .
168 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
here would apply, as in the last in stan ce, to a fin e poin tof view .
THE CEARN, a lias CEARN BANK . The local pron un ciation i s Sain e, and in a Ren tal of the Man or of Langhurst, 1671 , occurs Sain es Field . In n oticing the samen ame under Lingfield,
1 I suggested that possibly it wasderived from ‘
cearn ,
’A.
-S.,a pin e . Taylor,
2 however,remarks that in n o single in stan ce in t he charters do wemeet with a n ame implying the existen ce of any kin d ofpin e or fir, a circumstan ce corroboratin g the assertionof Caesar, that there was n o fir foun d in Britain ; so thatit is more probably a tribal n ame, from the tribe or clanOf the Cearn ingas .
THE GROVE, a portion of Limpsfield Common . In aCourt Roll of Titsey, 15 Rio. an d a Ren tal of1-4 02, i s a place called Le Grove .
’ It is from graf,’ a
wood .
LANGHURST, an cien tly called the Borough of Langhurst,for which a headborough u sed to be chosen at the Sheriff’ stourn for t he hun dred, i s a separate man or . It wen twith the man ors of San derstead an d Felcour t , in Lingfiel d, an d formed part of the possession s of the Abbey ofHide . It was gran ted at the dissolution , Feb . 6, 1539 ,to Sir John Gresham
,Kt .
,by whose descendan t, Sir
Richard Gresham, Kt . , it was sold to John Own s t ead in
1591, an d i s n ow held by the own er ofTrevereux . Courts
are n o longer held t he last was held in 178 8 . It i s theLan g-hyrst, or long wood . Bein g in t he Weald district,it was origin ally 11 0 doubt wood, and t he prefix describesits Shape, which is a long n arrow strip 0 11 the easternborder of the parish . S t arting on the n orth somewherebelow Limpsfield Common , it run s to Edenbridge parish0 11 t he south, bein g boun ded on the east by t he brookwhich parts Ken t and Surrey, an d on the west from theMan or of Limpsfiel d by a small tributary stream whichjoin s t he main brook 0 11 Batchelor’ s Farm . Robert deLangenhers t appears in the Exten t of 5 Edw. II . Itin cludes within it the following farms an d places
1 An te,p. 97 .
2 Words and P laces, 367 .
The following are all n ames m en tioned in the CourtRolls of the Man or of Langhurst 1
LE HURSTE (Court Roll, n ow the Hurst, i . e. thewood, may be compared with the same name at Oxted,and confirms the supposition that Langhurst was on cechiefly or en tirely wood- lan d .
SWAINSLAND. Swayn eslan d (Court Rol l, 27 Hen . VIII) ,Swain eslan d (id . , Swayn es -barres , n ow kn own asSwain sland Barn, i s from the An glo-Saxon swan ,
’ aswain or herdsman . The prefix swan ,
’ which en tersin to many place-n ames , i s sometimes from the bird t heswan ; but in this case, an d in that of a place in Ken t,Swan adion u ,
’
Swan den ,men tion ed in the Charters ,2
t he first syllable being long, Shows it to refer to a swain .
These bars in old days were very common . Aubrey ,un der Warlingham , says , Between the way from hen ceto t he road from Croydon to Coulsdon i s an old greatBar, as also two Barrs more in Croydon road .
”
LE CLEEVELANDS . Cleves , Clebylan d, Clivelan d, ClevePlatt (Court Rolls , 164 6, 16 Hen . VIII . , 31Hen . VIII .)Clet heslan d, Chelsham (Ren tal , perhaps t he same .
Cleeve , Cleve, Clive, or Cliff, i s given by Mr . Edmunds3
as a steep bank, an d occurs in various places of t he
n ame of Cliff, Clift on , 850 . If so, it i s syn onymous withthe banky fields which are so n umerous in t he district .Halliwell gives Cleve, A.
-S .
, a dwelling .
GARLANDS, a lias GAYLANDS are t he gay orforward lands . To say that wheat or other corn i slooking gay is a common expression in the di strict tomean forward .
STONEYSHOTT, al ias STONEYSHOUTE. (19 t h Oct ., 13 Hen .
VIII . , Robert Heath is presen ted for cuttin g two oaksat St on eyshowt e .) If Taylor
’ s " explan ation of shot ’
be t he correct one, i . e. a wood, although it is far fromsatisfactory
,this would mean the Stony-wood ; and s o
1 Kindly lent m e for in spect ion by H. COX, Esq.
,ofTrevereux, t he
presen t lord .
3 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 364 .
3 Traces of His tory in the Names of P laces, p . 18 9 .
4 Words and P laces, p. 360 .
r as this particular place is con cern ed it i s a correctipel lat ion . It is a wood, an d t he soil i s what is locally.lled chavocky,
’ a mixture of clay an d ston e . There'
e t wo other places men tion ed in these Rolls whichrmin at e in Shot,
’ viz . Cockshot Field an d Cockshotfead ; Hebher, a l ias Hibershot t Croft, an d Hithershotleld . The first would be from the bird the cook, thecon d is the hither or further field . Cockshot Hill i s1e n ame of a hill between Reigate and Redhill, an d1
a wood in Caterham . The word occurring in con n econ with field, mead, 8t e . , makes Taylor
’s explan ationery doubtful . Mr . Flavell Edmunds 1 explain s sho t toe from sceot an ,
’ to shoot,indicating an offshoot from
larger hill or range of hills an d, as far as orthographyoes , his explan ation appears the most probable, for it i sifi‘icu l t to see how holz ,
’ German , a wood, English holt,ecame corrupted in to Shot
, an d to accoun t for the appearnce of t he letter t . At t he same time , although this mean1g of offshoot would apply in a great many cases , inthers , as in Aldershot , it certain ly would not, for theider does n ot grow on the hills . The same writerives Cockshot t , Yorkshire, an d Cockshutt, Hereford,nd explain s them to mean a little shoot or Spur .
lock, he says , mean s li t tle , but on what authority I doot kn ow, for I can n o t find t he word given in thaten se ; an d where i t does occur as a prefix, it is n o
oubt like the Gosfords , Hen leys , &c . , from t he bird .
Vin shot i s the n ame of t he hill leading off t he commonHookwood, an d may be from win ces- Shott,
’
t he spurf t he hill in the win cel ,
’ the n ook or an gle ; or possiblyis from whin ,
’ the furze or gorse, which grows verybundan t ly there .WIMBLES, a lias WYMBLES (Court Rolls , 3 1 Hen . VIII .
nd 33 It is described as three crofts , a m es
nage, an d a garden . In t he An glo - Saxon Charters 3 i sp lace in Middlesex called Wemba- lea . Wimble-ben t i s
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
and, again, wimble i s a word still in use for an auger ;but n either of these seem very probable derivation s .NICIIOLHOOKE (Court Roll , 1626) i s an other of the many
‘hooks ,’ or corn ers . The first part of the n ame is per
haps conn ected with St . Nicholas .P UBLETTS, a l ias PUFLETTS. Publ et t Barn e (Court Rolls ,
164 6, 2 Edw. VI . and 33 Eliz . i s an own er ’s n ame, an d
the n ame existed m the pa1 ish n ot lon g ag .o In Farleyparish is a wood called Puplet Wood .
SM S LAND i s from a family of that n am e, whoappear as tenan ts in 164 8 an d 1671 .
PRIDDLES. I can give n o explan ation of this name .
The following are n ames of woods , hills , and otherplaces in the parish which are in use at this dayDETILLENS, t he n ame of an old house in the village ,
i s from t he family of Det il len , probably a Fren chrefugee family, who possessed it at the en d of the lastcen tury .
PEBBLE BALL HILL. (Deed, 1712 an d 1723, Pribble BallHill ; 1 792 , Pebble Hill ; in an old map of Limpsfiel d,T1 iple Bowl Hill . On the top of thi s hill, on the comm on ,
was the bowling-
gi een , an d therefore I suppose then ame is in some way con n ected with t he game of bowls .Bowlin g Alley is the n ame of a field in Chelsham .
RIPS HILL an d the RIPS COMMON, on the road to Westerham . I have already poin ted out,
1 un der a place of t hesame n ame in Godston e, that the common ly- acceptedderivation of r ipae i s erron eous, an d have suggestedt he mythical Hryp or Hreopa . Mr . Edmun ds ? cites aplace in Ken t,—Hreoplege , n ow Ripple .
PAIN’
S HILL i s from t he n ame of a m an . I find RichardPeyn men tion ed in t he Exten t of 5 Edw . II . as formerlyholding some lan d . In the Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . somelan d is spoken of called Payn eslon de, and two crofts oflan d con tain ing 10 acres, an d a messuage formerly ofNicholas Payn , are m en tion ed . Payn esfield i s the n ameof a wood in Oxted, 0 11 t he borders ofLimpsfield . Pain es
1 An te,part i. p . 93 .
3 Traces of His tory in the N ames of Places, p . 274 .
174 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Boro ’ of Langhurst . In the Exten t of 8 Hen . VI .
i s a croft called Coliest ren , an d bein g in juxtapositionwith Clen chelan ds , t he n ame of lan ds adjoin ing, thereis no doubt it is the same place . It i s probably derivedfrom some own er .HOSELAND, a lias HONESLANDWOOD, i s , I believe , fromhéan ,
’ high or poor, as I have already n oticed un derHan le Wood , in Oxted .
1 The character of the woodamply justifies the design ation of poor.GALLEYS WOOD, a lias GALLEY LANDS, I con ceive t o be
from gale ,’
A.-S .
,a n ightingale . The district aboun ds
with them, an d I am writing this within a few hours of
listen ing to a chorus of them in this very wood . TheGally-bird i s a n ame for the woodpecker, SO, perhaps ,he may share with t he former the distin ction of havinggiven t he n ame to thi s wood . Such places often taketheir n ame from gallows having been erected there ;but of this there is n o local tradition .
KELL COPPIOE, on Batchelor’s Farm . So called froma limekiln at the end of it ; kill or kell being the localpronun ciation for a kiln .
CRONKLANDS (Cronkslan d, Deed , 12 An n e) . This is apossessor’s n ame . Thomas Cronge appears amon g theten an ts in the Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . , and the n ameappears as Cronke in t he Parish Register in 154 3 . Itstill exists in the n eighbourhood .
LOAM-PITWOOD, SO cal led from a large pit in it, fromwhich probably clay was dug for t he manufacture ofpottery. In the Middle Ages there was a con siderableman ufacture of pottery in Limpsfiel d , as appears bylarge refuse -heaps , two of which were 0 11 lan d adjoin in gthis wood . The fact is further confirmed by t he Exten tof 5 Edw. VI . ,
which men tion s Roger an d Geoffrey, t hepotter ; an d in that of 8 Hen . VI . , in which
‘Pottersoccurs as the n ame of a cottage .THE BIROHES. Numbers of woods bear the n ame , the
birch being on e of the indigen ous trees in thi s coun try .
It occurs in various places in the A.-S. Charters ; e y. ,
1 Sup ra, p . 142 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 175
Beorc-ham , Beorc-lea, Berkeley, 85 0 . In the Exten t of8 Hen . VI . a place is men tion ed, called le Byrchet ,
’ inPollard’s Wood . On t he Man or Farm, Farley, is somewoodlan d called Birchin Shaw .
LAKE STREET. This word street always denotes an oldlin e of road
, an d very frequen tly a Roman road . The
Saxon s , says Taylor,1 were n ot road-makers ; they even
borrowed their n ame for a road from the Latin lan guage .
The Roman ‘Strata ’ became the Saxon street . There
was an old track here leadin g from the high road acrossLake Street Green an d over Watt’s Hill to t he Char t ;when ce the name street . Lake I imagin e to be derivedfrom its swampy position , a great part of t he road bein gordin arily under water . In t he Exten t of 5 Edw . II .
Thomas atte Lak is men tion ed ; an d in that of 8 Hen .
VI . a place, called Le Lake, a lias La Lak . Lac, Laca,A.
-S ., i s n ot n ecessarily a lake, as we un derstan d it, alarge piece of water
,but a pool . In t he Promptorium
Parvulorum” lake i s explain ed as s t ondyng watur,
’
a fit descr iption of this place . Lagham , in Godston e,I refer to t he same source ? In a Court Roll of T itsey,26 Hen . VIII . , i s a meadow n ear the brook, calledLakesm ede .
GRUB STREET, the n ame of another old lin e of road,leading formerly from Limpsfield Common to Titsey .
One i s reminded of a street of the same n ame in Lon don ,
though the origin of the on e an d the other is very differen t . The latter was SO called from its mean , dirtyappearan ce ; the former is either a possessor
’s n ame,from John Grubb , men tion ed in the Exten t of8 Hen . VI . ,an d who , as stated before, has left his n ame in Grubb ’sFarm,
3 or it is the grubbed street, the road made bygrubbing wood and trees . Other in stan ces of street are
Fren ch Street an d Well Street, in Westerham ; OldStrete (Court Roll of Oxted, 1 Hen . Roselan dS t rete , in Oxted ; highway called East Strete (CourtRoll , Warlingham , 3 Edw. Heaven st ret e (Rental
1 Words and P laces, p. 250 .
3 An te, part i . p. 90 .
3 An te,p . 35 .
176 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
of Chelsham , Oldst ret (Court Roll, Titsey, 1Hen . VIII ) ; South Street, Cudham .
WOLF ’S Row an d WOLF ’S WOOD are from a former possessor of that n ame . I meet with Wolfe in the ParishRegister in 1565 .
DIPSON BOTTOM, Spelt in an Old map Dipt in Bottom ,
i s where the road dip s an d then sudden ly risesagain .
KENT HATGH, men tion ed in a Court Roll of Westerham of 1663
, i s where the parishes of Limpsfield an d
Westerham an d the coun ties of Ken t and Surrey meet .At thi s place stood formerly, n o doubt, a ‘hatch ,
’ orhitch gate . On the high road between Lynmouth and
Porlock stan ds a gate called Coun ty Gate , on the con
fin es of Devon shire an d Somersetshire . Hogelot eS-hacheoccurs in the old Court Rolls of Titsey .
WHITE MARE, the n ame of a large pon d on Limpsfield Common ,
is from the A.- S . m ere,
’ a pool ; white i sprobably a corruption of waet,
’
A.-S . , wet . I remember
seeing a place of the same n ame in Wales , advertised asa meet of Sir VVat kin Wynn e
’s houn ds .CHAMPIONS, or CHAMPION
’
S PITS, the n ame of a clusterof cottages on the common , an d of the waste adjoin ing,which has been all dug over for ston e , but the pits havelong been disused . It may possibly be from an own er’sn ame, but more probably , I think, records t he deeds ofsome hero of former days, whether champion archer orWrestler .SHAGS POND. A Shack -hole is given by Halliwell 1 as
a hollow in the groun d which receives t he surface -water .I n ever heard the word u sed in that sen se in this dist rict , but it exactly describes the position of this pon d,which is at the foot of a steep hill . In a Ren tal ofChelsham, 1568 , i s a field called Shagarden e .
ALFONESMEDE (Exten t, 5 Edw. I take to beo
acorruption of Elfin esmede . In t he same Exten t wehave a place called Eylfyn escroft . It is from the A S .
elfe,’
an elf or fairy, an d i s on e of the many names
1 Dict ionary of Archaic and Provin cial Words, in verbo,
178 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Grave ’ or graf,’ a wood or g rove, i s retained in the
n ame of a part of the common called the Grove .EASTOVENYE (id ) . In the same Exten t are men tion ed
Middleovenye and West ovenye, an d in an old Cour tRoll of Oxted occurs Oven eye . They were three dist rict s on the hill, con tain in g respectively 38 , 61 , and 60acres . It is clear that from very early times, judgin gfrom the large Siz e of the chalk-pits and the quan tity ofrefuse that has been wheeled out
,that there were lime
kiln s at various places alon g t he h ills . It appears tome probable that these places were n amed from t he
oven s or kiln s . Ofen i s A.-S . for an oven or furn ace .
On Chelsham Court Farm are two fields called Ovenholes Bottom and Ovenholes Top .
FULEMEDE (id ) . Compare also Fulegrove, in Prinkham , Lingfiel d, men tion ed in t he same Exten t, an d
Fowlway, the n ame of a field in Warlingham . It is explain ed to be from t he A.
-S . fii l ,’ foul or dirty . In the
An glo - Saxon Charters 1 a place i s men tion ed in Surreycalled Fulebréc, Fu lbrook ; an d Fulham , Middlesex , an dvarious other places , are referred to the same root
3 but,according to Lower
,they are from ‘fugel ,
’
A.-S. for a
bird ; when ce our word fowl .GAMELYNGDENE (id , an d Exten t, 8 Hen .VI. , Ren tal
of Titsey, There was a gran ge at Gam elyngden e,t emp . Edw. II . It was in the n orthern part of the parish .
The Gamelingas are given by Kemble 3 amon g the markn ames , from which he derives Gamlingay (Camb . ) andGembling (York ). Other places are Gamble -by an d
Gam el sthorp‘1
an d in the A.-S. Charters 5 a place
in Ken t, called Gam elanwyrt h . To the same source,therefore, this word must be referred .
GELDENEWODE (id ) i s for Geldan or Gildan -wood, t hewood that paid the gild or tribute
,like the n ame of
Guildabl e, before mention ed, but n ot the same place, as
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 98 7 .
3 Edmunds’
Traces ofHistory in the Names of Places, p. 210 .
3 Saxons in England, v ol . i . p. 4 64 .
‘1 Edmun ds’Traces of Hist , p. 212.
5 Kemble, Codex Diploma t , Cart. 407 .
that was within an other man or, that of Langhurst. In
Caterham is a field called Upper Gilsden .
GREGORIESFELD and GREGORIESDENE (id ) , land on t he
hill, the n ame probably of some possessor, who does n otappear in any of the early Deeds .HAMO NETTESLAND (id ) .
‘Neat ’ i s A .-S . for cattle,
which we fin d , says Taylor,1 at Nu t ford and Netley .
Nu t fiel d in this coun ty i s probably from t he same source .
Bosworth, in his Diction ary, gives n eat- lan d to meanland let or ren ted if this be correct
,Hamo Net t eslan d
i s the lan d ren ted by on e Hamo .
HALEMANNESLOND (id ) i s possibly from haela,’ a hero
,
assumed also as a man ’s n ame . Mr . Edmun ds 3 citesHail-weston , Hailes Halesowen Healhaugh (Yorkshire) , 85C .
IMPETONESLAND (id ) , In t on eslan d (Exten t, 8 Hen .
a field of 36 acres 3 roods . In the Codex 3 a placeis given in Cambridgeshire called Impin t i
'
In (Impington ),which Kemble ‘1 refers to the family of Impingas, and
this,in default of anything better, i s the on ly explan a
tion I can offer .JUNONIE (id , an d Exten t , 8 Hen . the name of
a wood,22% acres , and of a field also , t he former bein g
n ear It chingwood Common , t he latter on the hill . It isa very remarkable n ame avis Jun on ia ’ i s used byOvid for a peacock, an d I can on ly suggest that it i s apiece of monkish Latin but t he n ame occurrin g in twodifferen t parts of the parish is stran ge . Peacock’s Mead,a meadow in Titsey, an d Po Shaw, at Trevereux ,pé ,
’
A.-S . , a peacock, - are perhaps syn onymous .
LUNTESFORD (id ) , a croft of 3 acres , at a place probably where the stream could be forded . I cann ot explaint he prefix .
OTYNDENE (id ) , a n ame still preserved in that of afield on Gran t’s Farm . In the Anglo - Saxon Charters 5
1 Words and P laces, p . 468 .
180 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
are places called Ot t anforda, n ow Otford, Ot anhyrs t ,Ken t, an d Ot an siht re . The termin ation s of den e and
hyrst following this prefix make it impossible to con
n ect it with ‘ote - otyn,
’ the corn , oats . Taylor 1 wouldexplain Otford to be at the ford, quasi at
- ford .
’
OSEGODESRIDEN (id ) , Hoosgoodredn e (Exten t , 8 Hen .
records the clearin g made by some Saxon ofthe n ame of Osgood . The same n ame appears inOsgotbi (Osgodby), Lin coln , men tion ed in the A.
-S.
Charters ?
PASSEMERESFELD (id , an d Exten t , 8 Hen . VI .) i s apossessor ’s n ame . Roger Passemer appears as a ten an tin the Exten t of 5 Edw . II . Mr . Flower 3 men tion s aplace of the n ame of Passemores in Croydon .
PRESTESMEDE (id ) , Pres t elan de an d Pres t escroft (Exten t, 8 Hen . lan d probably belongin g to theChurch . Priest hil l i s the n ame of a field in the villageat the back of the Forge, late part of the glebe . In theA.
-S . Charters ‘1 are Prés t esm éd (Worces ) , Pres t em ere
(Wilts) , Prest egraf, 850 .
QUARRERE . The existen ce of ston e quarries i s as oldas Domesday Book . There are two ston e quarries,says that Survey, value 2S . an d three hawks’ n ests inthe woods .” Ralph de la Quarrere occurs in a SubsidyRoll of 26 Hen . III. Gilbert atte Quarrere i s on e of thejurors n amed in t he Exten t of 5 Edw . II . The men tionof his n ame an d that of John atte Pette, an d that ofWilliam atte Quarre , an d John atte Pette in t he Exten tof 8 Hen . VI ., Shows that the quarries con tinued in use inthe Middle Ages . It is rather Singular, however, thatin t he con struction of so many of the churches in thedistrict, the soft chalk- ston e or clun ch i s used, and n ot
the n ative san dston e .
RUSESLAND (id ) is from the A.-S . risc ’ or rusche,
’
a rush,which we fin d as a prefix in Ru scomb (Berks) ,
Rushden (Herts) an d in Ru shbroc, Rushbrook (Oxford)1 Words and P laces, pp. 384 and 4 63.
3 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart . 908, 984 .
3 SurreyArch. Coll ., vol . ii i . p. 253.
4 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart . 61, 329, 984.
182 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
asserts that Surrey has no combes ; in which he is inerror . Addiscombe, Combe, Farn combe, Hascomb,Combe Brabes , a man or in Godalming, Combe Bottom ,
n ear Albury, Combe Farm,Chiddin gfold , and Combe
Wood, Wimbledon ,are n ames which suggest themselves
at on ce ; besides Compton , an d locally , Es t combe, m en
t ion ed in a Ren tal of Titsey , 14 02, an d Ayn scombe, aten emen t and 4 0 acres of lan d in Warlin gham, given in aCourt Roll of 2 Eliz . , an d Ut t ercumbe, Bramley Coomb ,an d Upper an d Lower Aldercoomb , fields in Caterham .
EGELYNDENE . Kemble 1 gives the Egl ingas as on e ofthe mark n ames foun d at Egl in gham ,
in Nort humberlan dan d Mr. Edmun ds 3 refers Eg- dean, Sussex ; Eggesford ,Egmon t, to Egga,
’ the owner’s n ame . This wordis doubtless from on e of the two roots .FLOREOOTE LOND, a pretty n ame, sign ifyin g the lan d
by the cottage of flowers . Flore i s given by Halliwellas an an cien t form for flower ? I have n oticed the placecalled Flore un der Godston e .
‘1
FOUREHERNE . Hern e i s given by Halliwell as A.-S .
for a corn er,still applied to a n ook of lan d . In this
place three fields are spoken of at Fowrehern e . On
Tat sfield Court Farm are some fields called Clerks Hern e .
LE-GORE . In Warlingham is a field called Goores ,men tion ed in a Court Roll of 2 Eliz . Halliwell says thatt he word gore i s explain ed by Ken n ett In his Glossary
,
as a small n arrow Slip of groun d . In Caterham is afield called Edmon d’ s Gore .
JAOOBES. Some lan d at the back of the win dmill i sstill so called, and it i s curious to n ote that Jacobu s atteMelle is men tion ed in this Exten t . He was the millerof that day, and from him the lan d got its n ame .KNOKKES, the same word probably which occurs as
a prefix in Knockholt. Mr . Edmun ds 5 refers the wordto the shape of a hill, and cites Kn ockin (Sa10p) , andKnook (Wilts) .
1 Saxons in England, vol . i. p. 463.
3 Traces of Hist , p. 203.
3 Diet . of Archaic and Provincial Words, in verbo.
1 An te, part i. p . 94 .
5 Traces qi st . p. 237 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 183
LOVEDAYSLOND. A loveday was a day appoin ted for thesettlemen t of differen ces by arbitration . This lan d mayhave been the subjec t of litigation , and the difieren cein respect to it having been settled in this way, it maythen ce have acquired the n ame .
PERSTEDE, from A.-S .
‘pere ,’ ‘peru,
’ a pear ; thesame prefix as in Perrysfield, Oxted . In this Exten twe meet with a field called Perie Croft . In a Ren tal ofTat sfield of 1561 , occurs Perhams . Pear- tree Field isthe n ame Of a field on Cou lden
’
s Farm in this parish .
In the A.-S. Charters 1 are two places called Perham
an d Perham st ede .
STEYNGHOUS, the dwellin g of Roger St alkynden , and
probably what is n ow St ocken den ’
s Farm . It is possiblya corruption of ‘
s t an en -house,’ the ston e -house . This
was a house of some importan ce formerly, an d the old
part is built of ston e .
VYNEAORE. This i s on e of the many n ames of placeswhich poin t to the cultivation of the vin e in Englan d ;and in many parishes there i s still a field called theVin eyard . In a Ren tal of Titsey, 1402, i s a meadowcalled Fynyerde ; men tion ed al so in a Court Roll of15 Rio. II . Among the Surrenden Charters there was aRoll of Accoun ts of t he Abbey of St . Augustin e’s ,Can terbury, of t he early part of Edward Il I.
’
s reign ,
headed “Expen se in Vin eis ,” giving the salary of the
keeper of t he vin eyard and the differen t processes ofcultivation .
3 “Vin eya1 ds ,” says the Rev . Edward Turn er,
3
“were common in this coun try at this early period .
Almost every conven t posses sed on e or more . TheBishop of Rochester
’s vin eyard at Rochester was veryexten sive, an d the monks of the Priory of St . An drew,
in the same city, had a large plan tation of vin es , whi chis called to this day
‘The Vinesfiel d . The Abbots ofBattle had exten si ve vin eyards in Battle, and in 1365
the receipt of m on eys from the Wyn eyarde of t he
1 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t Cart. 824, 1223, 1014.
3 Arehceologia Can t iana, vol . i i. p . 226.
3 Paper on “Battle Abbey, Sussex Arch. Col l., vol . xvn . p. 32, and
184 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Rectory ofHawkherst e occurs as an item . The Vineyard an d the Vin eyard Rocks are n ames remain ing atBuxted, in Sussex ;
1 and in an early deed, relatin g to thePriory of Pynham , Sussex, Peter Fit zan sel l gives to theChurch a garden an d croft in Warn e - camp , called theVin eyard .
’3 Vin es may yet be seen on the wall s ofmany of the old cottages in this district ?
These, from the same Exten t, are from the names ofowners or occupiers .ALWYNESOROFT. Thomas Ailwyne appears in t he Ex
ten t of 5 Edw. II . as a ten an t ; a n ame still existing inthe n eighbourhood .
BOGESELLE. John Bokesel l appears in this Exten t .DOBERNOTE CROFT.
GLOVERSHOUS. Thomas Glover, a tenan t in this Extent .GEFFREYSHULLE. Geoffrey the potter occurs in the
Exten t of 5 Edw. II .HENNEHORNE. William Henn ehorn e, a tenant, 8
Hen . VI .MALOOTESHOUS. John Malcot es (id ) .MITCHELOTES-CROFT.
STEERE S . Matilda Sterre, tenan t, 8 Hen . VI . The
n ame of Steer is still one of the most common inLimpsfield .
VARDONS .
WILMOTELONDE. Other in stan ces of this name weremention ed un der Bletchingley .
‘1
Of the following, from the same Exten t, I can give noexplan ationCal ipreshawe, Gonnore, Groboresland, Hal ideyes,
Hyket t , Knokkes, Plomaer, Tymoyn s .
The following names are from the Tithe Survey andfrom Deeds, an d are names of fields still in u se
1 Paper on “Bat tle Abbey, Sussex Arch. Coll ., vol . xn . p. 13.
3 [d., vol. x i. p. 103.
For a con t roversy on this subject see Areheeologia, vol . i. 344111. 53- 67 . Gen t . Mag , 1775, p. 513. Mann ing, His t . of Surrey, ii. 537 .
‘1 An te, p. 83.
186 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
t ion ed un der Lingfield .
1 The Podingas i s given byKemble as on e of the mark or tribal n ames .RODNEY MEAD recalls the Rodn ey, the Sign of a public
house, now vulgarized in to t he Coach and ' Horses .Admiral Rodn ey ,
” says Hotten ,
3 seems to haveobtained a larger Share of popularity than Nelsonhimself.SHAVING CROFT (Deed, Halliwell gives ‘Shaving ’
to mean anythin g very smal l .TONBRIDGE ACRE (Deed, the field , probably
near the bridge, which crossed t he stream t on , ort 1in , origin ally m ean in g an in closure . Town i s very common ly used in old deeds for a village . The Town Farmin Oxted i s the farm close to t he village ; Town lan dPon d, the pond n ear the village ; similarly Town Pon d,Godston e .POSTLANDS, a lias POSTENS, lan d n ear Hookwood , but
part of a differen t property, the boun ds of which wereprobably indicated by posts .MILL MEADOW,
a field on Limpsfield Park Farm ,
probably recalls on e of the two wa t er-mills men tion ed inthe Exten t of 5 Edw . II . There are traces of a mill- damhere, but it has long been di sused .
NUTTON CROFT, a field on Ridland’
s Farm,i s pro
bably from nuot e,’
n otu,’ the n u t .
NEWBERRY FIELD, Bol t hurst Farm , i s t he ‘n iwe,
’ orn ew ;
‘bera,’ or ‘bearo,
’ swin e -pasture ; some lan d inclosed after the rest for this purpose .STONE’
S WOOD and STONE’
S FIELD, on the same farm , aren ot the stony wood and field
,but take their n ame from
an own er or occupier of this n ame . Ston e is n ot an u n
common n ame in the distric t .THE PLEGKS, Doghurst Farm . Halliwell explain s this
word to mean a plat of groun d, a small in closure . On
Pilgrim’s Lodge Farm,in Titsey, i s a field called the
Hog P lecks .
SANDERSTEAD FIELD. This may be, like the parish of
1 An te,p. 95 .
3 J . C . Hot ten,History of Sign -boards, p. 5 7 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 18 7
that n ame men tion ed in the An glo -Saxon Charters,1 the
san dy place, or it is an own er’s n ame— San ders’- stede .
San ders is n ot an un common n ame in the district .TOTFIELD,
Brill’ s Farm . There are various places inthe A.
-S . Charters3 with the prefix Tot ; e.g. , Tot enbergh ,
Totborough (Dorset) ; Tot an cumbe, Tot comb (Berks) ;Totham (Essex) ; Tot leah , Tot leigh (Wilts) . Places calledTot-hil l ,
'
Toot -hill , or Tooter-hill, says Taylor,3 are very
n umerous , an d may possibly have been seats of Celticworship . Near Vachery, in Cran leigh , i s a wood calledTothillWood . Halliwell gives ‘tot to mean a tuft or abush . In t he Prompt oriun Parvulorum it is explain edto mean lan d comman ding a large prospect ; but in thisin stan ce it woul d n ot apply, as the lan d is flat an d inthe Weald . Totn es
,co . Devon , stan ds on the Slope of a
hill above the river Dart, and takes its name probablyfrom the same root .
fDENOHER FIELD (id ) . This n ame occurs in that of afield at Trevereux ,
Den shire Field, and on StockendenFarm , an d at Barrow Green , and on Cowslan d Farm inOxted, as also in Den Sher
’
S Corn er, Caterham . I fin d aWilliam Dren cher in a Court Roll of Limpsfield of 1582so possibly it is an own er’s n ame, though, as it occursas the n ame of a Single field on so many separate farms ,it would seem more likely that it has some specialmean ing .
BATTLE CROFT, Monk’s Farm . These n ames are gen e
rally con sidered to poin t to the scen e of some en coun ter .Taylor ‘1
en umerates several which have been the fields offamous battles
,but he remarks , at the same time, that
local n ames often con serve the memory of forgottencon tests of which n o other memorial remain s . Thismay be the case in the presen t in stan ce .PIPER’
S CROFT (id ) . This n ame occurs on Beddlest eadFarm , Chelsham , Foyle Farm an d Barrow Green Farm ,
Oxted—Piper’s Field . In the Exten t of 8 Hen . VI . the
1 Kembl e,Codex Dip loma t , Car t . 317 .
3 [d. , Cart. 4 47 , 1069, 115 1, 685, 23, 460 .
3 Words and P laces,p. 326.
4 [d .
,pp. 299—305 .
188 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES .
n ame of Thomas Pypherst occurs , and the n ame of Piperstill remains in the district, SO that possibly it i s derivedfrom that source .KETTLE-DRUM WOOD, Trevereux , recalls some even t,
the remembran ce of which is n ow lo st .GREAT GUN BUTTS, Ten chleys . The keepin g up thebutts in a parish was the con stan t subject of in quiryat Courts Leet . In a Court Roll of San derstead, 37 Eliz . ,
i s a field called Le Butt a field in Titsey i s men tion edin a Court Roll of 1655 , called Bu t croft , an d in Caterhamis a field called Butts Field .
SLIPES (id ) . The “Prompt orium gives Slype ’ asiden tical with Slime, mud ; so thi s is possibly the muddygroun d . Slipe has an other m ean in g given by Halliwell,n amely, to un cover the roof of a building ; in which caseit would be the place on which some old roofless building stood .
INGLEY,—GREAT, FURTHER, and LITTLE INGLEY LAND
(id ) Where ing forms the root of a word , it mean sa meadow,
” says Mr . Edmunds ;1
e .g. Ingham, threeplaces , Ing- grove In the A.
-S . Charters 3 wefind In gham (Herts ), an d Ingethorp , Ingthorpe (Rutlan d) . It is somewhat of tautology to say Ingley.
SYBBEAORE (Court Roll,‘Sibbe ’ or ‘
Sib ,’ i s
A.-S. for goodwill
,amity ; an d in t he A .
-S. Charters 3
are three places with this derivative,— Sibbe - stapeleSibbeslea, Sibbeswey (Han ts) . It may perhaps
be explain ed to be lan d given as a peace - offerin g , or intoken of goodwill . Mr . Edmun ds "1 treats it as a man ’sn ame , Sib ,
’ shorten ed from Sigber t , an d cites Sibbertoft , Sibbertwold, Sibthorp, 85 0 .
HELLINGDENE (id ) i s from the tribe or clan of t heHel lingas, whom we fin d at Hellingly (Sussex) ; Hellingbury (Essex) Hel linghil l (Northumberlan d) an d in
Hell ingh , a place men tion ed in the A.-S. Charters . 5
1 Traces of His tory in Names of P laces, p . 231.
3 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart. 950, 98 4 .
3 [d.
,Cart. 209, 1094, 595 .
4 Traces of His tory in Names of P laces, p . 282 .
5 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 809 ,
190 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Situation on the Pilgrim ’s Way , an d possibly in formertimes it was a halting-place on t he road . Neither thisn ame n or that of the Pilgrim’ s Way occurs in any Of
the old Deeds relating to the parish ; the latter, in aCourt Roll of 1667 , i s called East field Lan e ; an d le Est
gate in a Roll of 22 Hen . VII . i s perhaps the same,
gate bein g Saxon for a road .
CHEVERILLS FARM. In an old Deed, Firma de Chivaler ; Chivalers , Ren tal , 14 02 . The local pron un ciationof Chifil ers retain s the mean in g of the n ame, which hasbeen lost in the modern Spelling . It i s derived fromChivaler, a kn ight, an d doubtles s con stituted on e of thetwo kn ight’s fees of which the man or of Titsey consi sted . There i s a place of the same n ame in Wiltshire .
BOTLEY HiLL FARM. SO cal led from its situation at thetop of t he hill Of that n ame . In the Exten t Of Limpsfield Man or, 5 Edw. II . , Bot t elegh i s spoken of as adistrict, an d the n ame of Roger de Bot leye occurs . In
that of 8 Hen . VI . some lan d i s men tion ed , called Bot cllon d . In t he Ren tal of Ti t sey, 1402, three crofts an d twogarden s , apud Bot t ele ,
”are spoken of. “Upon t he hill
of Bo t t elegh occurs in a Deed of 4 7 Edw . III . , relatingto Oxted . From very early times , as appears by theIn quisition upon the death Of Thom as de Ticheseye in129 7 , there was a capital messuage or man or-house atTitsey an d as there i s reason to suppose that this wasclo se to the old church an d at t he foot of Botley Hill
,
I derive it from the A.-S. bot l ,
’ a house , the hill of theman sion -house . Botley is the n ame of a place in Hampshire , n ot far from Southampton . Camden
,
l quoted byTaylor
,
’ men tion s a hill in Chel sham called Bot le orBattle Hill , with a Roman camp upon it ; bu t if everthere was a place of this n ame , it i s n ot kn own n ow .
Newbottle (Durham) and Bootle (Lan cashire) are fromthis word botel ,
’ a dwelling or man sion .
KING’
S BANK , the n ame for a part of thi s farm, on whichis a field called King’ s Corn er . In many cases, e .g.
Kin gston, this prefix denotes a royal residen ce ; but1 Gough’s Camden , vol . i. p. 103.
2 Words and Places,p. 204 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 191
i ere are numerous in stan ces in which the word occurs1 the n ame of a field or wood, and possibly these were1 an cien t times royal hun ting-groun ds . The A.
-S.
lhart ers 1 are full of them . Cyngeswic, KingswickSussex) Cyn ingesdun , Kingsdown (Kent) ; Kingeswudu ,
[ingswood (Somerset) . In this n eighbourhood we have[ing’s Coppice
, on Bol thurst Farm, Limpsfield Kin gsrood , San derstead an d Kin gswood Warren
, n earEpsom ; King
’s Field an d Shaw, on Upper Court LodgeI‘arm, Woldingham an d Kin gslan d Farm, the n amef a farm in Farley parish . Kingshold i s the n ame of atart of Warlingham Common .
LONESOME LODGE, an other n ame for this farm, in
illusion to its lon ely situation , i s of the same class asl old Harbour, Moun t Misery, &c . In addition tohose already n oticed,
2 I have met with a placealled Hungry Bottom . n ear the Oaks , Ban stead . A
Jourt Roll of Limpsfiel d, of 1582, speaks of two acres>f lan d n ear Heaven ,
’ called Bot hel le Lan d . This isi ot the agreeable situation which might at firs t be sup) Osed, but near Hungry Haven, the name of a field onh is farm .
PITCH FUNT, formerly a small farm , n ow some cottagesan d a homestead . It appears in the Ren tal of 14 02Is Pichesfun t e ; in a Court Roll of 20 Hen . VII . asPychezfoun t ; an d in 1391 as Pychefron t e . The latteraart Of the word is from the foun t, or Sprin g, which°ises at the foot of the hill n ear it . Mr . Edmunds 3 says3hat Pitch
,Pyt ch , mean s a small hill ; an d cites Pit chcot
(Bucks) , an d Pytchley (Northan ts) ; but this will n o t
suit the situation here . I am in clin ed to think that its a con traction Of P igh t el les
-fun t, the Sprin g by thepightle,
’ as in the Ren tal of 1402 a ‘pigh t el l at
Pichesfun t e 1s Spoken of. This word , before explain ed4
30 mean a small meadow,i s met with in a Court Roll
Jf Titsey of 15 Rio. II . ,where Robert Heyman i s said
1 Kemble,Codex Dip loma t , Cart . 18 , 1049, 408 .
2 An te,p. 84 .
3 Traces of His tory i n the Names of P laces, p. 266.
4 An te,p . 8 1.
VOL. VI.
192 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
to hold on e Pigh t el l Spoken Of again in 1391 as le
Pigh t el l ;’
an d in a Deed Of 16 Eliz . , relatin g to lan dsat Earl st onham ,
Suffolk, occurs“on e pight el l con
t eyn inge III acreware and III rodes Of lon de .” Half-moonPightle, in Caterham, an existing n ame, is the smallin closure attached to the Half-m oon In n .
BROOMLANDS, t he n ame of a farm . Brom,
’ thebroom , i s on e of the common est prefixes in local n ames ;it occurs in fourteen differen t places in the A.
-S. Charters , an d in many places besides , n ot m en t ion ed '
t here .
The soil on a great part of t he farm is of a light, san dycharacter, in which t he broom would flourish . In aRen tal of Titsey, 14 02, i s le Brom fel d ,
’ still the n ame ofa field on thi s farm , an d lan d called t he Roughebromfeld an d Bromfeldeshawe . In a Court Roll of Titsey,1 5 Rio. II., a place i s men tion ed called ‘l e Brome,
’
which is probably the field in Chel sham, still so called .
In a Court Roll Of 4 Hen . IV . it i s again men tion ed as‘Bromfeldeshawe an d Bromfelde .
’
In the Exten tOf Broadham Man or, 8 Hen . VI .
,i s a field called Brom
feld an d on Kingslan d Farm,in Farley, i s a field of the
same n ame . Broomhall Mead is a field in Caterham .
WALKLANDS i s a corruption ofWakel in’
s - lan d . ThomasWakel in appears as own er in 1 768 .
BARTON SHAW, a small wood , n ow grubbed . Thisappears as
‘le Bert on es’in a Court Roll of Titsey of
8 Hen . IV . , and can be iden tified as the same spot byt he men tion of the stream flowin g by it . On TitseyCourt Farm is a field called Barton ’s Mead . In manyparts of Englan d,
” says Taylor ,l
t he rickyard is calledthe ‘barton ,
’ that is , t he in clo sure for the ‘bear,
’ orcrop , that the lan d yields . There are
,he says
,some
sixty villages in En glan d of this n ame .
PITOHERS WOOD an d PITOHERS CROFT. The latter iswritten , in a Deed of 1616, Pit chers t . The latter parti s the hurst,
’ or wood ; the former ‘pit,’ a pit . Pits
hurst would easily be corrupted in to Pitchers .SOUTH GREEN (Court Roll, Suth Green (26
1 Words and P laces, p. 120.
194 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
MOUNT NODDY, the n ame of a field on BroomlandsFarm, of on e on Wet Wood Farm , Tat sfield, and also ofon e on Botley Hill Farm ,
called, in the latter in stan ce ,also Moun t North , of which, perhaps , it i s a corruption . In both these cases it i s high ground facing thenorth .
W'
ORMER’
S CROFT. Wolm escroft (Ren tal , 1402)Wormescroft (Court Roll, 22 Hen . VII . an d 24
Wormerscroft (id . , 29 Hen . Woln es , 1578 . Irithe Exten t of Limpsfield, 8 Hen . VI . i s a field of thesame n ame, an d also on e in Oxted, men tion ed in aSurvey of 36 Eliz . I derive it from the A.
- S .
‘wyrm ,
’
worm,
’ a worm , or any snake or reptile . Worms Heath ,a common in Chelsham, i s probably from t he samesource . In the A. .
-S. Charters 1 i s a place called Worm es
l éah -wel .BURNT OAKS, a field adjoin in g Titsey Wood, an d
possibly at on e time formin g part of it, recalls some confiagrat ion n ow forgotten .
b
On the road between Sidm o
o
uth an d Sidbury, co . Devon , i s a place of the samen ame . The Bren derede an d Bren dreden e, men tion edin a Court Roll of Titsey of 15 Ric . II . , are n o doubt t heclearan ce made by burn ing . In Caterham is a fieldcalled Burn twood . Burn twood is a parish in Lichfield,an d Bren twood (Essex) is possibly syn onymous . Burn tStump is the n ame Of a field on Scott ’s Hall Farm,
Chelsham .
BANISTER’
S PIECE i s an own er’ s n ame . Richard Bani ster is on e of the jurors at a court held 26 Hen . VIII .
DOD’
S MEAD, Dod’s Lan e, are the like . William Dodd
appears on the same roll, and the n ame is foun d in thisparish in 1727 .
STRATTON’
S MEAD, the like . There is a ston e in thechurchyard to on e of that n ame , who died in 1 7 73 .
BRAMLEY WOLF, Great and Little, the n ames of twomeadows
, an d a small Shaw, may possibly date from thetime when wolves in fested the large woods in the district .It seems difficul t in any other way to accoun t for the
1 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart. 406.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
word . The wolf has left his name in numerous places ;e.g. ,Wolfridge (Somerset) , Wu lfhill (Wilts) , &c.
POP-GUN FIELD an d SHAW recall, perhaps, the barbarous times, not long ago , when man- traps and springgun s were set for trespassers .FLAx MEAD records, I suppose, the cultivation of flax,
which was formerly, an d still contin ues to be, grown inparts of Engl an d . Leo derives such places as Lin leah,Lincumb, Lin lan d, Lin tun , from lin ,
’ flax .
1
DUTNALLS, the n ame Of a Shaw in the park, nowgrubbed, i s probably an own er’s n ame
,though the n ame
does n ot appear . Darkn ol l was t he n ame of a rectorof Titsey in the 17 t h cen tury, and possibly it may be forDarknol ls . Durt n al l i s a n ame in the n eighbourhood .
CHURCH WOOD, the n ame of a wood on Pilgrim’sLodge Farm . It i s n ot in proximity to the presen t, n orwas it n ear the an cien t church ; n either i s there anyreason for supposin g that it was ever church property .
The legen d in the parish, con tinued to the presen t time,i s that an attempt was made to build a church at thisplace, but that what was built by day was pulled downby the evil spirits at n ight .2 This was told me by an
Old inhabitan t of the place , who stated that his fatherhad come across foun dation s in ploughing in the fieldadjoin ing . The truth of this latter assertion I have n ot
been able to verify ; but it is difficul t to accoun t for thename unless we believe so much of the legen d as wouldimply either an existing or con templated church at thisspot . The Saxon Church mention ed in Domesday Bookmay have been here, or a church may have been comm en ced at this place, and for some reason aban don ed .
HORSLEY MEAD,so called from the horse . In this
field there i s a ston e just showing above the groun d,which a former tenan t of the land en deavoured to move .
1 The proximity of thi s field t o t he Roman villa might suggest a
plausible derivation from Flaccus, quasi terra Flacci.
2 In Notes an d Queries, 4 th S. xii . 245, an almost iden t ical legend isrelated of St . Matthew’
s Church , Walsal l . Similar t radition s exist as
t o Winwick Church, Lan cashi re, and Little Marlow Church, Bucks.(Notes and Queries, vol . v. and 4th S. x ii.
196 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
He employed eight horses to n o purpose , an d desistedfrom t he attempt . It i s probable that thi s ston e is aSaxon ‘mere
,
’ or boun dary- ston e . O ther in stan ces Of
the prefix horse are Horscroft s , Limpsfiel d (Extent,5 Edw. II . an d Henry Horscroft , Tat sfleld
(Ren tal, 1402 and Great and Little HorsleyDown , in Chel sham ; Horsley, Surrey ; an d Horsel eah ,n ow Hursley, Han ts . Horsleah an d Horsleahden arein stan ces of the same n ame from t he A .
-S . Charters .‘
GREEN WAMP, a lias THE WAMPS, a field on Pilgrim ’sLodge Farm ,
for which I can suggest n o derivation .
On Red House Farm ,in Tat sfield, are t wo fields called
Great an d Little VVampy Isles .LEIGH’
S CROFT, from a former own er .”
William Leighappears on the Court Rolls as a ten an t . W
'
illiamLeigh, an aun t ien t housekeeper, buried Oct . 1627
(Titsey Par . Register) .CULVER
’
s FIELD (Court Roll, Cul fre,’ or
culufre ,’ i s A.
- S. for a dove, an d the wood-pigeon ,
says Halliwell,2 i s still called a culver in Devon shire .
In the A.- S . Charters is a place written Culfranmere,
n ov.r Culverm ere (Worces ) , an d on Doghurst Farm ,
Limpsfield, m e two fields called Great an d Little Culvers .GREAT and LITTLEVARNAGE (Deed, Fai n ehegge
The eai ly spelling explain s the word as mean ingthe fearn , hege ,
’ or hedge or in closure, whei e the ferngrew . In an Ol d deed t he word is corrupted in to Barn ish .
In t he Ren tal of 14 02 i s a field called le Fern ecroft .
’
WHITE DEAN (Ren tal , t he white valley, fromthe chalky n ature of t he soil . On Cheverel l
’
s Farm is afield called 1Vhit e Bottom, an d on t he Lower CourtLodge Farm, Woldingham , on e called White Banks ; asalso on Ledger’s Farm, Chelsham . Whit e Leaf is a n amein Warl in gham . In a Court Roll ofWarl ingham , 20 Eliz . ,a messuage an d 32 acres of lan d are men tion ed, calledVVhitmylke and Egge .
’
SO the White Lan e is the lan eleadin g up the Chalk Hill in Titsey .
PHILIPSTHORN, Phil ippsheld (Court Roll, 15 Rio. II .)1 Kemble, Codex Dip loma t , Car .t 317, 958, 180, 8 96, 1235.
2 Diet . ofArchaic and P rovin cial Words, In verbo.
198 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
COLD HARBOUR. I appen d the height of various ColdHarbours in thi s an d the adjoin ing coun ties , takenfrom the last Ordn an ce Survey,
1 as tendin g to con firmthe supposition that they are gen erally, though n ot un i
versally, so called from their high an d exposed situation .
Cold Harbour,Titsey
,height above sea- level 84 73 ft .
Id,Blet ching1ey,400 . Id , Croydon ,
160 . Id , Camberwell, 4 2 . Id , Chobham , 193 4 . 1d ,
Cran leigh, 199 . Id , Ewell, 1 72 7 . Id , Dorkin g, 74 5 .
Id , Kingston , 28 . Id ,Wisley
, 100—Surrey . Id , Iden ,
—Sussex , 37 . Id , Pen shurst, 300 . Id ,Bren chley, 234 .
Id , Tonbridge , 224 . Id ,Bridge
, 229 . Ditton ,38 . Isle
Of Grain , 16 . HOO, 104 . Iwade, 15 . Lamberhurst, 200 .
Maidston e, 200 . Stan sted, 600 . Wye, 360 .
— Ken t .The following are n ames from t he old Cour t Rolls,
an d from a Ren tal of 1402, which are n o longer inuseBRUERE DE TICHESEY (Court Roll, Titsey Heathbruere is the old Norman -Fren ch for heath . This n amei s n ow changed into Titsey Bushes , but i s n o longercommon lan d .
BYSOLOWESRROKE (Court Roll, 26Hen . the n ameOf the stream at the poin t where t he parishes of Limpsfield an d Titsey m eet . I can give n o explan ation of t heword .
BROCHEEYLD (Court Roll, 29 Hen . VIII .) i s an otherin stan ce Of the word bracha,
’ a fallow,n oticed before
un der Horn e .
2 In a Ren tal of Tat sfield, 1561 , two fieldsare men tion ed, called Great and Little Breachelond, an din Chelsham are fields called Breach Crook an d Lowerand Middle Breach . Le Breach occurs in a Court Rollof Chelsham, 4 2 Eliz . , an d the Breeches Field i s thename of a field on Doghurst Farm,
Limpsfleld .
1 These details have been furn ished me by t he kindn ess Of Col .
Cameron, C.B .
,t o whom I am indebted for supplying m e with many
addition s t o my list of Cold Harbours. In addition t o these is a ColdHarbour Lan e
,leading from Bessels Green t o Mon treal Park, Ken t. I
have lately m et with a Cold Harbou r Farm at Newton St . Cyres, co.
Devon , and one at Hol lowcombe Moor, near Chu lmleigh, in t he sa
coun ty. There is also a Cold Harbour n ear Glastonbury.
3 An te, part i . p. 8 .
BURLESDOUNE (Court Roll , 15 Rio. H . , and Ren tal ,in the Exten t of Limpsfiel d, 8 Hen . VI . , Berle . In Chelsham is a wood called Burley Grove . Bosworth 1 gives‘byrl ,
’ or ‘burl,
’ as A.- S. for a butler or steward ; but
this derivation does n ot seem probable . I think it n otimpossible that it i s a con traction of Biriel les Dun , thehill of the burial-place . This word beryel is, as poin tedout in the “Promptorium Parvulorum ,
”in its more an
cien t sen se, the place, and n ot t he act of burial ; it oftenoccurs in the Wicl ifli t e version of t he Bible in this sen se .
If there were any kn own barrows on these hills , thatfac t would greatly strengthen thi s supposition , but inthe Ren tal Of 14 02, in close con tiguity with Burl esdoun e ,a place is men tion ed , ‘quon dam Campes ,
’
an d in theSurvey of Oxted, of 157 7 , the boun dary is said to run
to the lands of Mr . Udall,called Campis this place being
on the adjoin in g hills in the parish of Woldin gham . On
the Upper Court Lodge Farm there, two fibulae,2 arrow
heads, and celts have been found, clearly in dicatingsome barrow there, t he existen ce of which is confirmedby the n ames of two fields
,t he Great an d Little Barrow
Leys .BERNE (Ren tal , 14 02) Bern ehagh (Extent of Limps
field, 8 Hen . VI .) John atte Bern e, Stephen atteBern e (Court Roll, 15 Rio. In t he A.
-S . Charters 3
are places called Bern e an d Bern ewel l , n ow BarnwellSt .An drew
’
s, Northan ts . Bern e,’ ‘bere -scrn ,
’
isA.-S. for
a barn , i . e. the ‘aern ,
’ or place of the ‘bere ’ or corn ,
from which root Mr . Salmon derives the n ame of Barn es .Barn Field is a most common n ame . The greater part ofthis hil l lan d seems to have been down . In the Rental ofOxted, 19 Eliz . ,
Mr . Udal is charged for his hilly an d
downe lan d, and in the early Court Rolls of Titsey we
meet with Longedown e, Lyt el ldown e, Lu st eddown e, &c .
on Upper Court Lodge Farm ,Woldingham , Great and
Little Down, Great and Little Farthin g Down .
20 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
CARPENTERS, formerly a copyhold, and con stantlymen tion ed in the Court Rolls
, is a posses sor’ s n ame .
Richard Carpenter appears as a ten an t in the Ren tal of14 02 .
CLAPSHO, a meadow called Clapsho (Court Roll ,15 Rio. men tion ed also in the Ren tal of 1402 . Ican suggest n o derivation for it .CAVERSFIELD (Court Roll, 35 Hen . Bosworth
explain s Cafert un as an in closure before a house . Mr .Edmun ds l makes Caver syn onymous with gafr,
’ agoat , an d cites Caversham , Ken t, &c . Caversham is alsothe n ame of a place n ear Reading .
COPPEDHAWE (Ren tal, the haugh or highgroun d at the cop or cap , t he summit of the hill . In
Chelsham is a field calledCoppen dree(CourtCopt horn i s a place below Horn e, an d t he Hun dredof Copt horne i s that which in cludes Ban stead, Epsom ,
&.c . Mann in g 2 says Of the hun dred, that it receivedits n ame probably from some thorn ,
remarkable for thesize of its head, or its Situation on some con siderableemin en ce, both which are expressed in the Saxon wordcop ’ or ‘cope .
’
Le-Hawe is the n ame Of a field inTitsey, mention ed in this Ren tal and in a Court Roll of14 02 .
ERLSGARDYN LE (Ren tal, The De Clares,Earls of Gloucester, were Lords Of the Man or at thistime . In 24 Edw . I. , 1296, it was foun d that Earl‘Gilbert died seized of a man or in Tichesey, a capitalmessuage, garden s,
’
&c . This doubtless was the garden attached to the chief house .
FRENCHEVILES (id ) , apparen tly a Norman -Fren chname, but its origin or mean ing is n ot clear . In NVar
l ingham i s a place called Fren ches (Court Roll, 1 Mary) ,an d the termin ation occurs in Moreviles, a place m en
t ion ed in t he Ren tal of Tat sfield, 1561 .
HYCRELINGHOLE (Court Roll, 6 Hen . HYKKESCROFT
(id , 21 Hen . The Hicel ingas i s on e of the tribal
202 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
(Court Roll , This name has been noticed before .1
Mr . Edmun ds 2 explain s it to mean a settlemen t, orclearan ce on a waste, and refers to the n ame in Berkshire and other coun ties . I in clin e to the opinion , beforeexpressed, tha t it is a piece of debatable ground, n ot
ascertain ed to belong to on e parish or an other . In thiscase it was lan d on the border of Limpsfield. On theLower Court Lodge Farm , Woldingham, are two fields,called Noman s an d 20 -acre Noman s, and in Warlinghamon e called NOman s -bush .
PRIOR’
S CROFT (Court Roll , 1623 an d Therewas n o lan d in this parish which belonged to any priory,and I cann ot explain how thi s field came to have then ame .
POTEKYNSCROET (Ren tal,RERDHULL (id ) PSOULEMEADE, SOULECROETE (Court Roll , 15 Rio.
Mr . Edmun ds 3 would derive places with thi s prefix from‘Salh,
’ a willow, an d cites Soulbury (Bucks) , Souldern(Oxford) . These two fields are described as ‘
Sub t u s
mon tem ,
’ un der the hill , and may have been near thebrook .
SHILCROET (Court Roll , 22 Hen . VII .) i s a con traction ,
I believe, of Shu l leyescroft , which appears in the Ren talOf 14 02, an d is a possessor
’ s n ame .
TRENCHEMLEZ (Court Roll, 15 Rio. II . ) PWIPUTTESEELDE (Court Roll, 15 Rio. H ., and Rental ,
WICHERES LE (Court Roll, 15 Ric . II .) PWHYPELLESDEN (Court Roll , 20 Hen . Possibly
for Wiflesden , on which Mr . Lower“remarks We
cann ot agree with Dr . Leo in assign ing the n umerousn ames in the charters , beginn in g with ‘
wifl,’ to the
weevil (curculio gran ariu s) of our barn s . It is doubtles sthe n ame of an early proprietor .”
YERLESHAWE (Court Roll, 20 Hen . VII ) , 1 hawy
1 An te,p. 82.
2 Traces of His t . in the Names of P laces, p . 257 .
3 [d . ,p. 286.
4 Con t ribu t ions to Literature, p. 32.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
apud Yerleshawe . I can find no such word as yerl itis possibly the Earl’s Hawe, the ‘y ’
being an inter
polat ion .
T A T S F I E L D .
TATSFIELD . Domesday Survey, Tat elefelle Deed,
1367 , Tat lesfel de, Tat lefelde ; Ren tal , 5 Eliz . , Tat t isfeil d ;1639 , Tat sfield . Mr. Edmun ds 1 cites Tat sfield, amongstother places , which he says are derived from t eo then ,
’ aten th or tithing, i .e. a group of t en farms . I am n ot atall disposed to adept this derivation , because, in thefirst place, I doubt whether it would be an accuratedescription of all or any of the places he enumerates ,and, in the secon d place, n o on e parish more thanan other would con stitute a tithing . A tithing was asubdivision of a hun dred
,con sisting origin ally, n o doubt,
of ten families, With an Ofli cer or t ithing-m an for eachtithin g, and subsequen tly represen tin g a territorialdivision . Looking at t he fact that the Church is placedon the crest of t he hill , that the old Man or-house, pulleddown about the end Of the last cen tury, and the Rectory ,were al l grouped together n ear the same Spot ; that t heearly settlemen t was eviden tly on the hill, an d that thisbil l , comman ding a most exten sive view over the surrounding coun try Ou every side, i s pre - emin en tly a totehylle, or look- out place, —I suggest as the derivation‘Tot ehyl le
-felde . ’ I am aware that the first vowel isalways a,
’n ot ‘
0 ; but t he tran scriber of Domesdaymight easily have altered Tot hil lfel de in to Tat elefel le ; atany rate, the change i s n ot impossible . Mr . Albert Wayhas a long an d in teresting n ote on the word Tot ehylle int he Promptorium Parvulorum .
” The A.-S. t ot ian ,
’ tostan d up like a horn ,
i s said to be t he root of the wordto tote
,
’in old En glish, Sign ifying to look out . I have
n oticed the word un der Tot field, on Brill’ s Farm , in
Limpsfield . NO other in terpretation suggests itself,
1 Traces of His tory, p. 294 .
204 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
un less to class it with the numerous possessors’ names ;but besides Tat ele n ot having the appearan ce of a Saxonown er ’s n ame, the earliest form of the word, i .e. in
Domesday Survey, has n o possessive S .
’
WESTMORE GREEN, a Common . It i s probably theplace men tion ed in two of t he A.
-S. Charters 1 as Westm earc,
’ as it occurs in close proximity to Bipplestyde ,i . e. Beddles t ed, a place n ot far distan t . It lies veryn ear the boun dary of Ken t an d Surrey
,an d
,assuming
that what i s n ow cultivated land was formerly part ofthe waste, it would den ote the boun dary mai k at thewestern extremity of Ken t, just as Westerham, theadjoin ing parish , i s the westernmost village .
CLACKET, CLACKET GREEN, a corruption of Clay-gate orthe Clay-road . An Old lin e of road run s in the directionof Westerham, well-n igh impassable in win ter from theclayey n ature of the soil . In a Court Roll of 164 1 it iscalled Cleygat e, an d in the Ren tal of 14 02 , among theten an ts of the adjoin in g man or of Tit-sey, appears Gilbertatte Cleygat e . In t he A.
-S . Charters 2 i s a place calledCleygat , Clagget (Wilts) , an d Cleigat , n ot iden tified,somewhere , probably, in Essex . Cleygat e, written inDomesday Survey Claigat e, i s a man or in Thames Ditton .
SALCOTTS, a lias CALCOTTS, on ce (says Mann ing) acapi t al man sion , has n ow been corrupted in to Colegat es,or Cold Court . The first n ame is probably from Selecourt
,the court Of the man sion ; t he secon d is syno
nymous with its presen t n ame of Cold Court, an
appellation abun dan tly justified by its Situation . Itappears as Colegat es in 1561 .
GODDARDS (Ren tal , In t he Ren tal Of 1402,Walter Godard appears as ten an t Of a messuage and
24 acres, called Nobrigh t e’
s ten emen t an d this was thean cien t n ame of this farm . John Godard is also men
t ion ed in the same Ren tal .TATSFIELD PARK, the n ame of a farm, and also of a
wood,occurs in the Ren tal of 1402 , where Thomas
Oberd i s charged “pro pastura parci de Tat t elesfel de .
”
1 Kemble, Codex, Cart. 287, 657 .
9 Id,4 60
,824 .
206 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
says a hedge or Coppice . The fels are understoodthe moun tain s, val lyes, an d pastures with com e ; thefrythes betoken the Springs an d ceppyses .
”
(GeorgeTurberville, The Bookes of Ven erie, p . 114
Drayton defin es it as a high wood . Some writers explain it to mean all hedge-wood except thorn s , a sen sestill used in the provin ces
, an d it occurs in t he localglossaries with the followin g mean in gs —Unused pastureland ; a field taken from a wood ; youn g un derwood ;brushwood . Many woods in Ken t are still called Friths .In on e of the charters 1 i s a place called FyrSest raet .Frith or writh ’ i s given in a Vocabulary of Provin cialWords in Devon shire as mean ing un derwood .
’
ROWTIE, the n ame of a wood . It has been n oticedun der Bletchingley .
2 I men tion it again to in stan ce afield Of the same n ame in Caterham . Roughheat h i s an ame occurrin g in the Ren tal of 1561 , as also a fieldcalled Rowfield .
CURITTS, alias CUPIDS,a lias KIPPERS COPSE, CUPID
MEAD. Possibly an own er’s n ame , though n o n ame ofthe kind appears in any Of the early Deeds .CRUNDEL. Crun dales (Ren tal , 14 02) Grun dal l s
This word occurs in thirteen of the A.-S. Charters .
Kemble 3 says : This obscure word seems to den otea sort of watercourse, a meadow through which a streamflows .” Leo 4 says A crun del or crun dwel is a Springor well, with its cistern , trough , or reservoir, to receivet he water .” There are two fields , called the East an d
West Well Field, which in all probability mark the Siteof the old n ame Of Crundwel . 5
DORE FIELD. Upper an d Lower Dore Field ; DoreWood
, on Lusted Farm, m en tion ed in the Ren tal of1402 ; Darefeild (Ren tal , From the A.
-S .
1 Kembl e, Codex, Cart. 1368 .
9 An te,p . 85 .
3 Codex, vol . iii . p . 21.
4 Anglo-Saxon Names, p . 95.
5 In “Memorials of a Quiet Life, vol . i . p. 285,Mr. Hare:speaks of
Ann a’
s‘Crumble ’
as on e of t he an cien t boundaries of A l ton parishCrumble
,
”he says,
“being a smal l round pool for beasts t o drink ou t
of.”The word crun del is clearly intended here.
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 207
dor,’ which , as Kemble 1 explain s , is not a door, but a
gate .RYSTED LANE, RYLANDS, RYECROFT. This name is applied
to the road leading from Westerham over the ridge ofthe hill . I derive it, as Reigate, from ‘rige
,
’ a ridge ;the Ryst ed being the homestead on the hill , and Rylan ds,a name still in use, i s t hat of a field adjoining it . Ryecroft and Ryefeilde, in the Rental of 1561, may be fromrye,
’ the corn . The latter was in the lower part of theparish . Little an d Lower Rickets Hill on Cold CourtFarm, are conn ected with the same word ‘bryeg,
’ or
i‘hric,
’ a ridge, an d possibly Rag Hill, on Tat sfield Parkarm .
POULTER’
S FIELD, GREAT and LITTLE, on Cold CourtFarm . Poul ter is a poulterer . This form Of the word,says Halliwell, occurs in Hol lyband
’
s Dict ionaire,1593 . The rearin g of poultry is attested by the n umerous places in to which the prefix cock and hen en ter .NONSUCH FIELD, on e of the n ames of good omen , in
con tradistin ction to such n ames as Barebarn Bottom, in
Warlingham . Hoefnagle’
s prin t of Non such Palace,n ear Cheam, dated 1582, defin es it as Hoc est, nusquamSimile .
” Non such i s a field-n ame in the parish of Kirdford, Sussex .
LITTLE CHURCH BRAKE, a field on Lusted Farm .
Kenn ett, MS . Lan sdowne, defin es brake as a small plator parcel of bushes growing by themselves . In Palmer’sDevon shire Glo ssary ” it i s explain ed as Spin et um , abottom overgrown with thick tan gled brushwood .
”A
place n ear Broadway, co . Worcester, filled with hawthorn bushes and Short underwood, i s still called theBrakes .2 Why called Church Brake I cann ot say, as it i sn ot anywhere near the church . Chessebrake i s the n ameof a field, from the Ren tal of 1561 .
HEYS, UPPER HEYS, the name of a farm , i s from haga,’
a hedge or in closure . Simon atte Hacche occurs inthe Ren tal of 1402.
“A haigh, or hay,” says Taylor,
8
1 Codex,vol . iii . par t
2 Hal l iwel l,Diet . of Archaic and Provincial Words, in verbo.
3 Words and P laces,p . 122 .
VOL. VI. P
208 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
is a place surrounded by a hedge, and appears to havebeen usually an in clo sure for the purposes of the chase .We find i t i n Haye Park, at Kn aresborough , an d Horsehay, near Colebrook Dale .
” Hayes , near Broml ey, inKen t, is probably from the same root .BARROWS LAND, a field On Tat sfield Court, on the
Side hill whether so called origin ally from any barrowcannot n ow be ascertain ed . On Chelsham Court Farmis a field called Barrows Blocks . These n ames may befrom ‘bearo or ‘beru ,
’ the lan d producing mast forSwin e .ALLENSFIELD (Red-house Farm) occurs in the Ren tal of
14 02 as Alayn eslon d . It may be from Alan Lambard,whom we find as a trustee of the man or in 1367 , an dwho has left his n ame in Lambardescroft e, men tion ed inthe Ren tals of 1402 an d 1561 .
The following n ames are from t he Ren tals of 1402an d 1561 , and from Court RollsCODECROFT Con f. Codest on e .
CLAPFIELD GROVE (id ) , possibly an own er ’s n ame,Clappa, as in Clapham , Surrey, an d Beds “ Firma deClappefeldes ,
” Ren tal, 14 02 . Con f. Clapsho, Titsey, 14 02 .
CAPLINS HARTH or HEATH (id ) , probably from Capellanus,
’ a word used formerly, n ot in the restricted sen senow applied to chaplain , but for t he person who serveda church.
DRAPERESCROFT DRAPERSCROFT a possessor
’
s n ame .
DOUSECROFT (id ) PHEVEDLONDS (id ,) A .
-S.
‘heafod, a head . Hevedlond is given by Halliwell from the Arun del MS . as aheadlan d . The n ame is a very common field n ame . in
Titsey we find Upper an d Lower Headlan ds Nick .
HONGGYNGEFELDE (Ren tal , 14 02 an d 1561) i s the fieldon the slope or hanging of t he hill . The Han gin gWoods and Hangers are con stan tly met with in t he hil ldistrict.HAGGESCROFTE HAGGERSCROFTE (1561) PHAMERESHAWE (id ) . Hamer i s A.
-S . for a hammer,but it i s difficul t to attach any mean ing to it in con
Kemble 1 gives the Haecingas, whom we find at Hackingt on , in Kent .FRULAND WOOD i s, I think, from the Saxon fréo,
’ free ,the free lan d .
HAG CROFT i s probably from haga,’ a hedge, the croft
in closed by a hedge . On the Man or Farm are fields calledLower and Upper Haglers , possibly from haga-lea,
’ themeadow in clo sed by a hedge .
WITTLY CLOSE . There are two fields of thi s n ame , on eon Little Farleigh Farm, the other on the Manor Farm ;
it i s from the A.-S . waet,
’ wet ; hen ce Witley, in Surrey,an d other places of the same n ame .
2
LITTLE NOCK SHAW.
‘Nok,’ or ‘
n oke ,’ i s a n ook Or
corn er . It i s also used for oak,’ as in the lin es quoted
by HalliwellTher may n o man stondo hys stroke,Thogh he were as stronge as an n oke.
MS. Can tab.
Kn ockholt, otherwise written Ockhol t , i s probably fromon e of these two roots .FARLEY PARK, n ow a wood , i s an other in stan ce of the
park which formerly existed in almost every man or .
Mann in g 3 tells u s that in 7 Edw . I . , 127 9 , the masteran d scholars of Merton claimed a park in Farn elegh fromthe Con quest, an d in a n ote he adds, thi s must mean thatit was an an cien t park, for the master and scholars hadbeen possessed of it but a few years .
”
HAWK’
SH ILL. In the A.-S . Charters 4" i s a place,Hafoc
hyl , n ow Hawkb ill (Somerset) , an d n o less than twen tySix places occur with the same prefix . South Hawke Lan eoccurs in Woldingham . The Domesday Survey of Limpsfield men tion s three hawks ’ n ests in the wood .
IVY DEAN i s probably a corruption of Iwes - dean , theYew- tree Dean . There are n umerous fields called Yewtree Field, an d lin es of these trees in the hedgerows are
1 Saxons in England, vol . i . p . 4 65 .
2 Mr. Edmunds (Traces of History, p . 315) derives t hese places from‘hwi t
,
’white
,a derivation which seems improbable.
3 Hist . of Surrey, vol . ii . p. 4 12 .
4 Kemble,
very common, planted possibly to supply wood for bows .Yew-tree Field 18 a fiel d In the parish of Caterham .
GOSSHAW. Goss , the common pronunciation of gorse,or furze, so given by Halliwell . This word enters in tothe n ames of a good many fields . On Flin t-house Farm ,
Oxted, two fields are men tion ed in a deed Of 1649 calledGorse Alley and Ert higors . On Colegat e
’
s Farm, Tatsfiel d , i s a field called Great Gorsey Down , an d on Goddard’s Farm , in the same parish, on e called CorseyDown . Tinker’ s Gos s i s a field in Caterham , and alsoShirley Goss .ForWEB FIELD and HEMPERS I can give no explanation .
W O L D I N GH AM .
WOLDINGHAM . On e of the smallest parishes inSurrey, con sisting Of but 667 acres, n ot men tion ed , Ithink, in Domesday ; for Wal l ingham ,
which Mann in g 1
con siders to be this place , I take to be Warlingham ,
locally pron oun ced Wal lingham at thi s day . Woldingham i s the home or settlemen t of the Wealdingas, ordwellers on t he wold, who are given by Kemble,
2i n his
list of the Mark n ames, and whom we fin d again at
Waldingfield (Suffolk) , Spel t in the A. S . Charters Wealdingafeld .
3
THE UPPER an d LOWER COURT LODGE are the n ames ofthe two farms in to which the parish IS divided . There arefew parishes in the district which have n ot a Cour t orCourt Lodge, Farm The name has been before alludedto ‘1 un der Horne .
LOWER and MIDDLE HOLLINGTON. Thi s occurs in theSurvey of Oxted, of 19 Eliz ., as Hollin den ,
5and in the
Extent of Limpsfiel d, 8 Hen . VI . , as Holyn den e . In it spresen t form it would seem to be from t he tribe of t heHol ingas, whom we find in Hollingbourn (Ken t) , Hol
2 12 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
l ingdon (Bucks) ,Hollington (Derby,St afl'
ordshire, Sussex) ,or else it i s holan - den e ,
’ the wooded glen in the hollow.
Holanden occurs in four of the A.- S . Charters .1
WHISTLERS WOOD, WhisleyWood (Ren tal of Oxted, 19spel t in the early Deeds Wisselegh an d a place
i s,n amed called Wisseleghden e . Mr . Edmun ds 2 derives
this prefix from wees ,’ moist, and cites Wisbeach, Wis
borough,Wisley, 85 0 . There are two places in the A.
-S.
Charters 3 of t he same n ame,—\Visl éa11 , Wi sley (Berks) ,an d Uu iscel ea, Wisley (Worcestershire) .GREAT WHISTLE ASH, t he n ame of a field but whether
it has any conn ection or n ot with the precedin g n ameI cann ot say .
FARTHING DOWN,GREAT an d LITTLE . This i s an other
in stan ce of t he tribal n ame of t he Farthin gs or Feorthings , n oticed before un der Lingfield .
‘1
MILL HILL and MILL FIELD in dicate t he existen ce of amill at this Spot . In a lease of t he Nether Court LodgeFarm 9 Ric . 138 6, in my possession ,
this field i smen tioned as t he Mul lfield .
TROTTESCROFT (Deed, probably a pos sessor’ s
n ame . In t he A.-S . Charters 5 i s a place called Trottes
cl ib, n ow Trot t erscl ifl’
,Ken t .
KEMYNGEDENE, men tion ed in a Ren tal of Oxted, 19
Eliz . , i s from the clan or family of t he Kemyngas .
PARRETTS, UPPER an d LOWER, LONG an d GREAT, and
SIDE HILL PARRETTS, and WINDER, are n ames for which Ican give n o explanation .
C H E L S H AM .
CHELSHAM. Domesday Survey,Celesham and Chales
ham . The n ame is derived from ‘ceosel ,
’A.
-S. for apebble ; English,
‘chessil .
’ This word i s confin ed , I
1 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart . 381, 382, 783, 117 1.
9 Traces of His tory in the Names of P laces, p. 315 .
3 Kem ble, Codex Dip loma t , Cart. 1254, 105 .
4 An te, part i . p . 94.
5 Kemble, Codex Dip lomat , Cart. 152.
214 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES .
rendering ofVachele ; that the first Occupiers , or owners,called themselves De Vachele, from the n ame of theplace, and the chan ge from that to Fairchild i s a veryeasy on e . In a Ren tal of Chelsham of 1568 the placeappears un der an extraordin ary alias, Fairechil d, otherwise called Blackeborn e .
”
FICKLES HOLE, Veckelesholes Water, (Deed, 16 Edw.
Fekilshild (Ren tal, The prefix of thi sword I believe to be a corruption of the Norman -Fren chword vache,
’
and that the place was origin ally Vachele,i .e. the Cow Meadow. Vaccary or Vachery i s a dairyfarm, a name which occurs at Vaccary, in Cran ley parish .
The Hole has referen ce either to the pon d of water, oris from hol ,
’ a hollow . The Man or-house, which Man
n in g 1 says was an an cien t house, wit h a large wain scotedhall , and was pulled down before he wrote, was at Fairchilds , to which Fickleshole adjoin s , and here may havebeen the dairy farm 0
”the Lord of the Man or .LEDGERS, formerly a farm , now a prin cipal residen ce,
i s merely a possessor ’s n ame . It appears as Leggersin a Court Roll of 37 Hen . VI .,
an d Loggers i n theRental of 1568 . Richard Leggers 1s a ten an t in an earlyRen tal, circ. Edw. II . This place has of late years beenn amed The Ledgers,
’ without any regard to its origin .
DOWDALES, an other man or . It is so called from thefamily of De Uvedale, who were Lords Of the Man or Of
Chelsham from the time Of Edw . III . un til 1673 .
SCOTT’
S HALL. In the Ren tal of 1568 Mr . Scott appearsas a ten ant, and Sir Peter Scott, Kn ight, was livin g temp .
Charles I .
BEDDLESTEAD,—Anglo - Saxon Charter,
2 Bipplestyde
Bedn est ede (Ren tal of Titsey, 14 02) Ben st ede (Ren tal,Bedlesborough was a tithing in the parish, for
which a headborough was appoin ted at the Sheriff’sTourn . Bet t esengre i s a place in Ken t (PBet t shanger) ,men tioned in a Fin e of 10 Rio. I . I have adverted toBet lesham , t he name of a field in Limpsfiel d,
3 but can
1 His t . of Surrey, vol . II. p. 425.9 Kemble, Codex, Cart. 28 7, 657 .
3 Supra, p. 17 7 .
SURREY ETYMOLOGIES. 215
suggest no explanation of this word in its earliest formof Bipplestyde.
SLINES, alias SLINES OAKS, occurs as Slyn es in theRen tal Of 1568 , and in a Court Rol l of 1657 . It does not
pecm like an owner’s name, and I can give n o meaningor it.LOCKSHIRE. Mann ing 1 says , that in Hen ley Wood i s
a piece Of groun d moated roun d, as if there had been aman sion within it, and also t he remain s of a well . It i scalled Lockshires Moat ; an d there i s a tradition thatthis was the residen ce of a Sir John Lockshire. Then ame is still retain ed in Lockshire Shaw.
RANSCOMRE, a lias RAYNSCOMRE, —Rain escombe (Ren tal,The name of a copyhold of the man or
’
. Ran ,
’
or Rann ,
’ i s given by Bosworth in his diction ary as adeer . The same n ame occurs in Ran cum , Ran comb
(Devon ) , in the A.-S . Charters .2
UPPER and LOWER MONS. The Latin ‘Mons ’ i s appliedin the early documen ts to the range of chalk-hills . In
the Exten t of Limpsfield Man or, 5 Edw. II . , the lan ds onthe hill are described as super mon tem .
’ The Moun ti s a high poin t on Limpsfiel d Common , and the Moun tFields are very numerous ; e.g. The Moun t , Caterham .
HUNTINGSHARE, HUNTINGDON HILL, are n ames whichexplain themselves . Hun ta,
’ the hun ter, i s a commonprefix in place-n ames in the A.
-S. Charters ; an d be
sides the coun ty Of Hun tingdon , we fin d places of thatn ame in Leicestershire, Hampshire, an d Herefordshire .BUG HILL, possibly from bug,
’ a goblin or spectre ,a word used in this sen se by Spen ser, Shakespeare, andother writers ; when ce bugbear . The association of hills ,streams
, &c . ,with mysterious beings, elves , goblin s, and
the like, i s very common in local n omen clature. Thisn ame may be a con traction of burgh hill , the fortifiedhill . Mann ing“men tion s a place called the Camp , an dsays that on Bottle Hill (perhaps Battle Hill) , in the
1 Hist . cf Surrey, vol . 11 . p. 424 .
216 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
road in to Ken t, i s a piece of groun d sometimes called acamp , oblon g an d sin gle ditched .
” This Bottle Hillrests upon the authority of Camden ;
1 but n o such n ameis n ow kn own, and there is apparen tly a con fusionb etween it an d Botley Hill in Titsey .
HALLILEW, the n ame of the hill adjoin ing Slines, i sprobably the hali or balig hlaw,
’ the holy moun d . Itm ay have been the scen e of some sacred rites in earlytimes . Adjoin in g it, on Worms Heath , are a n umber ofl arge pits from 10 to 20 yards in diameter, and from6 to 20 feet in depth . A writer in Murray’s Han dbook 2 says “ that they are tradition ally said to havebeen u sed as hiding-places during t he Dan ish ravages ;but their real purpose is very un certain .
” Withou tgiving any credit to this theory, they are , withoutdoubt, very an cien t and worthy Of n otice .COTTERSLAND. Cotter an d Cottier are old English
words for cottager the latter occurs in Piers Ploughman .
”Cot t ishall i s a field in Warlingh am .
VARLEY, n owWVORLEY BOTTOM PGREAT and LITTLE LUNCH. On Ston ehall Farm, Oxted,
i s a wood called Lun ch W'
ood, and in Caterham , fields
called Lun ch,Further Lun ch , and Lun ch Tupwood . It s
m ean ing I can n ot ascertain ; i t i s possibly syn onymouswith Lyn ch , men tion ed un der Titsey .
3
MELBURY POOL. The prefix ‘Mel ,’ which occurs in
Melton an d other places, i s said to be for ‘mil,’ a mill .
This would be the pool at the in clo sure Of the mill . Iti s a n ame on e would expect to find applied to a watermill : in this case it could on ly have been a win dmill,with a pool or pon d adjoin ing .
DEADMAN’
S BANK . There are one or two places Of
this n ame in the district : they recall the murder or
death of some one there .GAMMER FIELD. Gammer is a word for an old wife
or gran dmother (grande-mere) : it i s s o explained byHalliwell . Dame ’s Piece
,Caterham, i s analogous .
1 Gough’s Camden , vol . i. p. 256.2 Handbook, Surrey and Han ts, p. 21.3
218 suRREY ETYMOLOGIES.
the cook, the mer being some old boundary-mark .
CROWSEHOLT, in the same Ren tal , 1568 , i s the Crowswood .
CHARESERROME Broom Lodge is the name of afarm, and le Brome that of a field in Chelsham . Of theformer part of the word I can Offer no explan ation .
CONGHERST (1568) i s probably a con traction of COn igher .s t Con ig i s an Old English word for a rabbit ;Con ighurst , the rabbit wood . There i s a field in theparish still called Con ey Oak .
HEYENSTRETE a ten emen t and lan d calledHeven st ret e . The n ame occurs in the A.
-S. Charters 1
in Heofen t ill , Heven t ill (Warwick) ; Heofenfeld, Hefenfeld We meet with the converse in Hellditch, n ear Godalming ; in Devules Meadow, Tat sfield
(Ren tal, 1561) an d in the Devil of Ken t, Westerham .
HASELERS, HALERS n owHazlehat ch , i s from thehazel, which form s the root of n o les s than twen ty- fourplace - n ames in the A.
-S. Charters .HEROWDES GROVE i s, I believe , a corruption of Here
ward or Hayward ’s grove . The heyward was thekeeper of cattle in a common field, says Mr . AlbertWay,
53 who preven ted trespass on the cultivated groun d ;he was syn onymous with the tithing-m an or decennarius, who was regularly sworn at the court . Ori
gin al ly, no doubt, holders of this Office, the family ofHayward came to be on e of some importan ce in this an dthe adjoin ing parishes . Richard Hayward purchasedFickles Hole, Chesham, in 158 7 , and died possessed ofit in 1608 , together with lan ds in Godstone, Oxted,Tan dridge
, Limpsfield, Lingfiel d, Crowhurst, Farley, andCroydon .
HONIDOCKE GROVE ?PRICHESTE CROFTE P(id ) .POCKETS P (id , and Court Roll,ROUGHELDES (1568) i s Rowhol t s, a manor and farm in
the pari sh ; i . e. , the row bel t , or roughwood .
REPCLESFELDP
1 Kemble, Codex, Cart . 55 .
2 Promp t . P arvu l . , in verbo.
SAUGHELLS P(id ) .SNAPECROFT (id ) . In the A.
-S. Charters 1 i s a placecalled Snap , Snape (Berks) , and Snapwel l (Camb .) and
Mr . Edmunds cites an other place called Sn ape, inSuffolk .
WATERSTAPLE. Staple Field i s the n ame of a field inFarley . Mr . Edmun ds 2 derives these places froms t apul ,
’ a stake, and says that they were the sites ofmarkets .NETTLESTED GREEN. This may be derived from the
A.-S.
‘n et l ,
’ a n ettle, or possibly it i s conn ected withnyt en ,
’ cattle . In the A.-S . Charters are eight places
with this prefix . There is a place called Nettlestead,n ear Maidston e, and on e of the same n ame n earIpswich . Net t lebed i s in Oxfordshire, between Hen leyand Wallingford .
WAR L I N G H AM .
WARLINGHAM. Domesday Survey,Wal lingham ; Deed ,
1154 , Warlingt on ; 1 158 , Warlin gham . The n ame i sderived from the clan ofWearl ingas, who are given byKemble 3 in his list of the marks .CREUSE, CREWES COMMON, Man erium de Crewes
(Court Roll , 2 Phil . Mary) . This place takes its n amefrom the family of Carew . Sir Richard W
'
illoughby,says Mann ing,4 demised this man or by deed , dated 1360 ,to Nicholas de Carew, whose daughter Lucia he hadmarried .
WESTHALL, a man or in the parish given by Odo deDammartin , t emp . Ric . I. ,
to t he Priory of Tan dridge .The name occurs in a Court Roll of 25 Eliz . , an d i s stillretain ed in Westhall Wood . It is in the western part ofthe parish, where formerly, no doubt, was an old man orhouse or hall .
220 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
HAMSEY GREEN, the n ame of part of t he old common .
There is a large pon d n ear a homestead there, and I
think the derivation i s from hame ’s ea,’ the water of t he
home or dwelling . Hamsey IS t he n ame of a parish n earLewes . Ham slond occurs in a Ren tal of Chelsham of1568 .
AYNSCOMBES, a copyhold ten emen t an d 4 0 acres oflan d, men tion ed in a Court Roll of 37 Henry VIII . and
subsequen t Rolls . Probably the n ame of an early own er .
Mr . Edmun ds 1 gives the followin g explan ation of ayn ,
’
i . e. , from ey,’ water, from which he derives Aynhoe
(Northan ts) .SUCCOMB FIELD, an other of t he many
‘combs ’
or
dingles in this district . The prefix may be from soc,’
t he
lan d held in socage tenure . Mr . Edmun ds 2 so explain sSuckl ey (Worces ) , but it i s more probably Suthcombe, the South Comb .
GREAT and LITTLE ROUND BERRY ; Ston e Berry, Chelsham Berry Field Shaw, Caterham . The word Berryis the A.
-S .
‘Byrig,’ German ‘Berg,
’
in its primarysign ification a hill .GREAT KNOWL HILL, Kn ollwood (Court Roll , 2 Edw.
This word Halliwell explain s as a little roun dhill, in which sen se, says Mr . Edmun ds ,
3 it is verycommon in Yorkshire . It is from t he A.
-S .
‘on ol l ,
’ ahill . Kn ole is a place in Cran ley, situated on a risin ggroun d . In a Deed of 6 Edw. IV . , a messuage is m en
t ion ed lying at ‘the Kn olle ’
in Egham , an d in thesame Deed occur Egham Kn olle, an d Kn ol lehyl l .
Row. This word occurs five times in this parish , an dtwelve times in the adjoin in g parish of Chelsham , as afield-n ame ; besides which , in describing t he lan ds , themeasuremen t of the fields is given , an d then that of therough ’ adjoin ing . Row,
as was before n oticed, mean srough
, an d t he con stan t occurren ce of t he word givesan in sight in to the con dition of the lan d on thesehills in former times . If I am right in supposing that
1 Traces of His tory, p. 168 .
2 Id,p . 290 .
3 Id , p. 237 .
222 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
LACYES, a po ssessor’s name ; but the name does not
appear on the Rol ls .CHANTRY, CHANTREY HILL. This name would seem to
imply that this land was charged with the paymen t of apriest to sin g mass un der the bequest of some foun der .I am not aware whether there was a chan try in thechurch of Warlingham .
C A T E R H AM.
CATERHAM . Not men tioned in Domesday byn ame, but conjectured by Mann in g 1 to be a place thereSpoken of as Azors Man or ; spelt in early deeds sometimes Kat erham . Taylor 2 suggests two derivation s ofthe n ame,—on e as being conn ected with gate,
’ a road,like Reigate and Gatton ; the other from the Celtic word‘cath ,
’ battle . The first seems a very un likely tran sposition of letters ; the G bein g retain ed in Gatton an d
Godston e, it i s n ot probable that it would be changedin to C in this place ; the secon d must be rejected altogether, as bein g a Celtic word, which in this district i sin admissible . Neither can I agree with Mr . Flower 3 inreferring it to castrum ,
’ a camp . He remarks that hekn ows of n o in stan ce in which Castrum becomes Cater .It is , I believe, invariably Caster or Chester . Mr.Edmun ds ’ 4 derivation from cat,
’ the wild cat, seems tome more probable, though , where that occurs as a prefix,it is gen erally in such a form as Cat sfield (Sussex) , Catthorp (Leicester) . I am in clin ed to clas s it amon gthe tribal n ames, and believe it to be a con traction ofCat eringasham , the abode of the Caterings or Ketterings, possibly the same clan whom we meet with atKetterin g (Northan ts) . The modern and Objection ablepron un ciation Caterham with the ‘a ’ long, dates fromthe opening of the railway and the erection of villas .
1 Mann ing and Bray , His t . of Surrey, vol . 11 . p. 434.
2 Words and P laces,pp. 252, 304 .
3 Surrey Arch . Coll . , vol . v. p . 18 4 .
4 Traces of History, p. 185 .
WAR'
COPPICE. This, which Taylor adduces in supportof his derivation from cath,
’ a battle, has been n oticedat some length by Mr . Flower ;
1and in his v iew, that it
has n othing to do with war, I en tirely agree . Suchnames as Battle Hill, Slaughterford, point to engagemen t s which have taken place there but war is a wordused in a gen eral sen se, an d could n ot be restrictedwithin the limits of a field or a Oopse . Mr . Flowersuggests Warwick, an d gives as his reason the proximityOf Warwick Wold. It may be SO, but I think thatweer or wer,
’
A.-S. for an in closure, i s the more pro
bable explanation .
CARDINAL’
S CAP, given by Mann ing as the name of thecamp on Whitehill, so called, I believe, from the shapeof the hill, which, at a distance, has somewhat theappearance of a roun d cap .
STANSTEAD, STANSTEAD HEATH, mark the Old line of theStan e Street, which passed out of Sussex throughGodston e by Stretton , and over thi s common . Gaters ,in this parish (Pal . 19 Hen . i s another allusionto t his road .
PORKELE (Deed, cir. Hen . a n ame preserved inPortley Dean , Port Field, and Port Mead . I can suggestno mean ing for this n ame .FRIERN, or FRYERN, a farm partly in this parish an d
partly in Chaldon , held of the Man or of Caterham ,
where i s still a field called Great Fryern Field, an d awood called Fryern Wood . These places are so called
,
says Mr . Edmund from having belon ged to friars ey . ,
Fryern Barn et (Middlesex) . The Abbey of Wal thamown ed the man or before the dissolution , and St .Thomas ’s Hospital had property in the parish ; so thatthe n ame probably owes its origin to this source .Abbotts , a field here, is either from Waltham Abbey orChertsey Abbey, both of which had lan ds in the parish .
UPWOOD, written Upwode, 1527 n ow Tupwood . Thislatter is a con traction of The Upwood ; i .e. the wood on
1 Surrey Arch. Coll ., vol . v. p. 183 .
2 Traces of His tory, p. 210.
224 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
t he upper or high groun d . In the A.-
.S Charters 1 i s aplace i n Hun tingdon , Upwudn ; n ow Upwood . Thereare n o les s than forty- two places called Upton .
SALMONS, a man or, or reputed man or and a prin cipal
farm-house,owes its n ame to t he family of Saleman , on e
of whom,Roger Saleman , died seized of it, 16 Edw. III . ,
1343, and Thomas Salman was own er in 3 Hen . V.
Salmon s , a large farm in Pen shurst, Ken t, i s probablyn amed from the same family .
HOLBORN HILL records a n atural phen omen on whichoccurs in this parish from time to time, at in tervals ofabout seven years ; i . e. the breaking out of a stream ,
which goes by the n ame of the ‘Bourn ,
’
and flowsthrough the fields by Caterham Railway Jun ction in toCroydon . Aubrey men tion s it, but, by some con fusion ,
un der Crowhurst parish, in stead Of Warlingham ,whi ch
is clearly in ten ded, as he says tha t it rises in a grove of
yew- trees within the man or ofWesthall, in Warlingham .
It i s popularly supposed to be the forerunn er of someremarkable even t . It rises,
” says Aubrey, upon theapproach of some remarkable alteration in Church orS t ate . It began to run a little before Christmas
, and
ceased about the end of May, at that most glorious mraof English liberty, t he year 1660 . In 1665 it precededthe Plague in London , an d the Revolution in 1688 .
Un der Caterham , the same writer n otices it as a‘Bourn .
’ “Nailburn ,
” says Halliwell , “ i s a kin d oftemporary brook or intermitten t lan d- sprin g, very irregular in its visitation and duration . There are severalNailburn s in Ken t. Darkwor th Chron icle , p . 24 , m en
tion s on e ‘byside Can t urbury called Naylborn e,’ which
seems to be on e below Barham Down s .” This HolbornHill i s the Hol -Bourn e, or rivulet in the hollow ;‘bourn ’ being A.
-S. for a stream . It i s situated n ot
far from the Spot where it breaks out .RIDING. Un der Ridlands, in Limpsfield, I gave n ume
rous in stan ces of thi s word in the form of ridden s . There
1 Kemble, Codex, Cart. 5 8 1, 809.
2 His t . of Surrey, vol . i ii. p . 4 7 .
226 SURREY ETYMOLOGIES.
Nob signifies a head or crest . Whit e Hill i s the nameof the hill on the summit of which i s the camp .
CHILTERS, pos sibly from ch il ’ or ceald,’ cold . Mr .
Edmunds 1 gives it thi s mean ing, and cites Chilham ,
Chiltern .
The following are probably derived from the names ofowners or occup i ersCOLLIER’
S DOWN, COLLIER’
S CROFT, KEMP’
S HILL, WOOL
HAM’
S BANK, BULLEN’
S FIELD,WHITTENTON’
S, JASON’S, a lias
JEYSON’S HILL, NAP
’
S PIECE .
Of the followin g I can give n o explan ationBANNANS, GREAT SCROUCHES, TAUNTON MEAD, PIZZAMS
BANK, LUDFIELD, UPPER BEADON, GALIERE.
1 Traces of History, p . 188 .
THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY OF THE
FAMILY OF NEWDEGATE, SO LONG AS
THEY REMAINED CONNECTED WITH
SURREY .
BY JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.
(Read a t Newdega te, 4 th Ju ly,
0this occasion of our visit t o the parish of Newdeo
gate, I have undertaken t o Offer to the Societysome accoun t of t he ancient family which derived itsn ame from this place, and which in the course of cent uries has produced several person s of considerabl edistin ction .
It has not been altogether a Surrey family, havingarrived at greater importan ce in its jun ior bran ches
,
which have been seated at Harefield, in Middlesex, an dArbury, in Warwickshire but it was not until t he reignof Charles I . that it fin ally lost it s connection with this
228 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
edition of Burke’s “History of the Landed Gen try .
The passages to which I allude are these
This fam ily possessed, from time immemorial t o t he beginn ing Of t he
reign of Charl es I.,t he man or and lands of Newdegat e, co. Surrey ;
and,from many ancien t records, i t appears that t he n ame was written
‘variou‘sly, Niwudegat e, Niwodegat e, Newedigat e, Niudegat e, Neudegat e,original ly perhaps from Saxony, and of t he city of Nieuweide
,upon t he
Rhin e. The‘
in t ermarriages of t he fam ily before that of Malmain s are
set forth in an il lum in ated pedigree, firs t taken by Hen ry Lil l ie, RougeCroix , 1610 by SirWil l iam Dugdal e , Garter King of Arm s
,168 4 an d
lastly by Gregory King, Lan caster Heral d,169 1
,w ith t he arm s em
blazon ed thus ; Newdegat e and Warren,Newdegat e an d Pugeys ,
Newdegate and Moun t fit chet,Newdegate an d Roan
,Newdegate and
Sudeley, Ncwdegat e an d Asl i burnham,Newdegate and W in t ershu l l
,
Newdegate and C lare,Newdegate and C li endu i t , Newdegate and
Malmain s,from which a regu lar descen t commen ces for twen ty—t wo
gen eration s.
I view these passages of the last edition of theHistory of the Lan ded Gen try . with t he great erregret, because I find t hey are in troduced therein forthe first time, n ot having appeared in previous edition swhilst, gen erally speaking, there has been a judiciousretren chmen t of m any offen sive redun dan cies which form erly
‘
impaired the value of Sir Bern ard Burke’s very
laborious an d useful compilation .
The errors an d absurdities n ow prefixed to the pedigree of Newdegate are man ifold . In t he first place iti s an error to say that t he family possessed from‘ timeimmemorial the manor of Newdegate that, as we Shallpresen tly see , was n ot t he fact .Next, on the heels of that misstatemen t, comes t he
absurd suggestion that, in stead of takin g their n amefrom this Spot, they brought it hither from the city ofNieuwied, on t he Rhin e . I n eed n ot s t ep to combatthis .But then follows a string of what are called in ter
marriages with di stinguished or high - soun ding n ames ,as se t forth in an illumin ated pedigree m ade by Hen ryLillie, , Rouge Croix, an d recogn ized by other moreemin en t profession al names of the 1 7 th cen tury ;whereby, during t en gen eration s , t he Newdegat es arealleged to have taken wives from t he families of Warren ,
230 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
I have been surprised to find that Bray, in his pedigree of Newdegat e, ignores not merely that con tain ed inthe baron etages, but two others , which may claim to beof some authority ; viz., 1 . that which was in serted inthe Heralds’ “Visitation of Surrey in 1623 an d
2 . that prin ted in the “History of Surrey of his predeces sor Aubrey ;
2 to each of which I shall have someregard in the en suing observation s . Bray’ s pedigree isprofessedly from an cien t charters , but, bein g destituteof dates, an d unaccompan ied by t he eviden ce uponwhich it was foun ded
,i s of les s value than it might
have been .
3 Al l these three pedigrees presen t greatvariation s, showin g that the descen t of the family isreally by no mean s clearly ascertain ed .
The first poin t that may be at on ce determined is,that all the Newdegat es have derived their n ame fromthis place, for the local n ame does n ot occur elsewhere .
Nor i s this place itself named in the Domesday Survey,when it is supposed to have formed part of the greatman or of Churchfelle, sub sequen tly called Reigate .
4 Theearliest documen ts in which the n ame occurs are chartersrelating t o the advowson of the church or chapel, for a
land ; 5 . Bachesworth ; 6. Samford 7 . Rokesley 8 . Knol les 9 .
Nevil le of Baby 10 . Neville (an cien t) ; 11. Bu lmer ; 12. Inglebert13. Hilton ; 14 . Burden 15 . Cresacre ; 16. Cradock ; 17 . Cave ;18 . Bromflet e ; 19 . Gen el l ; 20. Cliffe. (Lyson s, i ll iddlesex Par ishes,1800
, pp. 113- 4 )In t he Surrey Visi ta t ion ,Harl . MS. 5830, t he quarterings are—1 . an d
12 . Newdegate 2. Malmain s 3. Echingham ; 4 . Swan land ; 5 . Bachwor t h ; 6 . Samford 7 . de Leyre 8 . Kn ol les 9 . Nevil le of Raby ;10 . Nevil le (an cien t) 11 . Inglebert. Crest, a fleur—de- l is.
1 Harl . MS . 5830, fol . 7 86 (5 1 b).2 Aubrey derives his pedigree from on e begun by Hen ry Lillie,
Rouge Croix , in 1610, carried on by Sir Wi l l iam Dugdale, and
fin ished by Gregory King, down t o t he year 1691, in t he possession of
Sir Richard Newdigat e, ofHarefield, Bart.3 I t is given with t he admission that “t he early deeds do n ot explain
t he descen ts so clearly as t o ascertain t hem with certain ty, though theyShow t he family possessed of land at their several dates.
”
4 The Domesday maner of Cherchefel le is supposed t o have in cludedt he presen t parishes of Leigh, Newdegat e, Charlwood, Horley, and
Burstow, n one of which are separately men tioned, nor reducible t o anyother ar t icle—Mann ing and Bray, vol . i. p. 272.
chapel it i s design ated in the reign of Hen ry I . ,
1
which Shows the comparatively late formation of t heparish . It was a chapel built in the Weald , like thatof the adjoin in g parochial district, which still retain s itspristin e name of Capel .Our coun ty historian s describe three man ors in this
parish,—those of Newdegat e, Cudworth , and Weeklan ds,besides the estate of Mershlan d or Merelan d, belongin gto Trin ity College in Cambridge , which also i s termeda man or in the In quisition Of 15 76, hereafter cited .
The prin cipal man or i s presumed to have belonged tothe early Earls of Warren , because the chapel or churchof Newdegate was given by Earl Ham elin ,
in the reignof Hen ry I to the Priory of St . Mary Overy, in Southwark . Subsequen tly, in 21 Edw. I . , John de Mon tfor thad a gran t of free warren here ; an d t he descen t of theman or is traced in that family an d in that of the Beauchamps, Earls of Warwick, un til it devolved to theNevil les, Lord Abergavenny.
The first Newdegat es were eviden tly the ten an ts ofthese superior lords . There is n o doubt that the familyof Newdigate, which was advan ced to a Baron etcy in1677 , bein g then seated at Arbury, in Warwickshire,was descen ded from the old residen ts of this Spot, becausemany an cien t deeds relating to this parish an d n eighbourhood were han ded down in the archives at Arbury,an d their substan ce commun icated by Sir Richard Newdigat e, who died in 1 727 , to Wotton , the author ofthe Baron etage published in 1 74 1, and prin ted in hisvol . iv. p .
Some of these documen ts are earlier than the periodwhen it became usual to appen d dates to charters an d
on e Of them Shows the wife of a certain Richard Newde
gate to have been Alice daughter of Walter of Horley3
(a n eighbourin g parish), for all the lan d which Walterof Horley had given t he said Richard with Al ice his
1 See t he charter Of Hamel in Earl Warren , prin t ed in MajorHeales’
232 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
daughter, in free marriage, was confirmed by William deLongo Pon te, that is, Longbridge, in the parish ofHorley .
1
A charter of the reign of Hen ry III . i s from Mabil ia
de la Bere , of Newdegat e, who , in her free widowhood ,con firms to John Newdegate two fields in Newdegate ,called Sou t hheye an d Northheye, which he had boughtof Norman de la Bere her husban d . Now, this apparen t ly gran d n ame of De la Bere is , I believe , purelylocal ; for, in an other of these charters , Gilbert Wytecroft e, of Charlewode, gran ts to William Newdegat e allhis lan d called t he Berlan d , in t he parish of Newdegat e .
Again , in the reign of Edward III . , John de Mon tfort, then Lord of t he Man or of Newdegat e, leases allhis wood in Berlan d, in the parish Of Newdegate, toWilliam Newdegate , for two years from t he Feast ofEaster, together with free ingress an d egres s, for t hesum of £ 20 sterling .
The mean ing of la Bere i s probably derived fromthose places which are termed beru in t he An gloSaxon Charters
,
£1 where there was abun dan t food for theswin e, which formed the chief live- s t ock of the earlyinhabitants of forest coun tries .3
An other of t he same an cien t documen ts i s in teresting,as furn ishin g t he origin al n ame of an estate , which isn ow t he site of on e of t he most beau t iful residen ces in
1 There was a fam ily which took i t s name from this place. In 1304
John atte Longebrugge, son of John atte Longebrugge, is party t o a
gran t of 16d. ren t,arising from t he capital m essuage of Wil l iam de
Enggelonde, n ear t he church at Horley : dated at Cherlode (i . e.
Charlwood), on Sunday next after t he feast of t he Apostles Phil ip andJames, 23 Edw. I.
—Deed in th e possession Of Thom as Hart,Esq.
,of
Dorking, 18 73.3 See Anglo
-Saxon Names,by Leo
,edited by Wil liam s, p . 103 ;
Kemble, Codex Dip loma t,vol . iii.
3 Bere is a well -kn own old term for barley ; bu t barley was not su itedt o t he soil of this coun try. Aubrey remarks : “The Weald or VVyl d
hereabou ts bears ex cel len t oats . In on e year I observed them five or
six feet high , and of this commodity t he tenan ts chiefly make theirren ts ; bu t this soi l bears barley i l l , as not agreeing with i t . Da
‘
cus
sylves tris [i . e. Daucu s syli'
es tris, or t he w ild carrot] grows very plen t ifu l ly hereabouts an d in Ken t, and is frequ en tly infused in their alc.
”
His tory of Surrey, u nder Newdigat e,”vol . iv. p. 268 .
THE ORIGIN AND EARLY Hl sTORY
Al l the gran d allian ces attributed to this family inLillie’ s pedigree are quite visionary un til we come tot he last n ame—that ofMalmain s . This was the allian cewhich at length raised these den izen s of the Weald in tothe rank of n obility .
Nicholas de Mal esm ain es 1 was lord of the neighbouringman or of Ockley, an d at his death, in 33 Edw. III . , heleft five daughters his coheirs- Beatrix, married to SirO tho de Gran dison ; Petron illa, to Sir Thomas
t
de St .Omer ;
3 Catharin e,to Sir Hen ry de Newdegate ; Eliza
beth an d Joan,unmarried .
Now, Otho de Gran dison ,who married one of these
coheirs Of Malmain s, was youn ger brother to Peter deGran dison , a Baron of Parliamen t in the reign ofEdward III . , and to John de Gran dison ,
Bishop ofExeter ; an d he was father of Sir Thomas de Gran dison ,
whose n ame occupies t he fiftieth place in the roll of t heKn ights of the Garter . Thus t he Newdegat es, in thereign of Edward became allied to many person s ofhigh distin ction .
From this marriage the Newdegat es acquired certainlan ds at Ockley, where John de Newdegate presented tothe church in 1386, and Am icia de Newdegat e in 140 7 .
In 1360 (34 Edw . III .) 1Vil liam de Newdegate wason e of t he two m en Of substan ce who were return ed toParliamen t as Kn ights for Surrey, his colleague beingNicholas Carreu . This was a period when parliamen ts
1 Nicholas was a Christian n ame of earl ier date in t he Norman raceof Males-Os—main s . (See Stapleton ’
s Rolls of the Norman Exchequer,v ol . i i . pp . x lvn et seq. ) In t he Rol l of Arms temp . Edw. II. thereoccurs, under t he coun ty of Ken t “Sire Nicholas Malemein s de argen ta un e bende engréle de pou rpre. In t he Rol l temp. Edw. III. (edit.Nicolas), p . 35
,we find
,in sequen ce, Malemayn es port d’
argen t a un e
bend engrele de purpre. Mon sire Reigate d’
argen t a un e bend engrele
d’
asur.
” “Mon sire Roigat e”must Surely have been a kn ight taking
his nam e from t he n eighbouring castle of Reygat e ?2 Misstated as
“St . Maur ” in Man n ing an d Bray, vol . 11. p. 162.
Even this genuin e al l ian ce of Newdigat e and Malmain s is pervertedfrom t he tru th in t he Baron etages, as i t is put up in to t he reign of
Edward I.
3 A memoir of Sir Thomas Grandison will be found in Bel t z’sMemorials of the Order of the Carter, p . 17 6.
OF THE FAMILY OF NEWDEGATE. 235
were ann ual, an d it was n ot customary, at least in thiscoun ty, to return the same person s to successive parliamen ts . William de Newdegate was again kn ight of theshire in 37 Edw . III . , with Gilbert de Ledrede, i . e.
Letherhed ; in 4 6 Edw. III . with'
Wil liam de Cobehamand in 50 Edw . III . with Robert de Loxele .
1 He doesn ot appear to have been actually of kn ightly rank . In
4 2 Edw. III . (1368 ) he was appoin ted by paten t , together with John Lovekin , William Tauke , an d others ,to repair the walls of t he river Thames , from Danyel
’
s
Wall, in Surrey, to Reddisbourn e, in Ken t . In 4 5 Edw .
III. he served as Sheriff of Surrey an d Sussex ; an d thiswas the on ly time that Surrey had a Sheriff of this n ame .
In 4 7 Edw. III . (1373) he was appoin ted steward of theroyal man or of Ban st ed in this coun ty, during theking’s pleasure, at the accustomed fee
De Sen escallo Ill an eri i de Ban st ede cons t i tu to. Rex dilecto SibiWi l lielmo de Neudegat e salu t em . Sciat is quod assignav imu s e t con
st it u imu s vos Sen escal lum n ostrum Man erii n ostri de Ban s t ede ad curiasn ostras eju sdem Man erii prou t moris est tenendum quamdiu nobisplacueri t , percipiendo in Ofli cio il lo feodum con su et um . Et ideo vobismandam u s quod circa prem issa dil igen t er in t endat is et ea faciet is et
exequam in i in forma predict a. Teste Rege apud Wes tmonast erium
primo die Augu sti . P er ip sum Regen t . (Rot . Pat . 4 7 Edw. III.,
pars 2,m .
In the 10 t h of Richard II . (1386—7) John de Newdegate served as on e of the kn ight s of the shire .
Now, as I have stated already, the pedigree of thefamily has , in its early gen eration s, been by n o mean sclearly made out in any of t he successive attemptsalready recoun ted ; but we have some in formation furn ished towards it in a charter, by which , in t he 27 t h
Edw. III . , John de Newdegate gave to Thomas , hisyoun gest son , for life, a ten emen t n amedHal lon d, the rem ain der to his secon d son John , for life ; the remainderto William
,his eldest son , hi s heirs an d assign s , for ever.
It is assumed in the “Baron etage ,” rather than proved ,
that the subsequen t Newdegat es of this place descendedfrom Wil l iam,
the eldest of these three brothers, and the
236 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
Newdegat es of Middlesex an d Warwickshire from John ,
the secon d brother . This Sir John Newdegat e, it is as a
sert ed, served in the wars of Fran ce under Edward IIIreceived the hon our of kn ighthood , and had a fleurde - lis given him for his crest . For the accuracy ofthese roman tic statemen ts I will n ot an swer ; it i s, however, more certain that he established the family atHarefield , in Middlesex , havin g married Joan n a, sisteran d cO-heires s of Wil liam de Swan lan d, of that place ,whose arms were Gules, three swan s argen t, an d hiscrest a swan , collared an d chain ed .
In t he Abstracts of Wills which are appen ded to thismemoir it will be seen that in several respects t heNewdegat es of Harefield m ain tain ed their relation shiptowards the coun ty of Surrey ; an d from some cause ,n o t readily explain ed, John Newdegate, Esq. , in thefourth gen eration of the l ords of Harefiel d, was buriedin t he church of Merstham . Of his havin g any conn ection with that parish , n othin g is stated by our coun tyhistorian s ; and this circumstan ce of his burial theresuggests t he possibility that he may have died on ajourn ey, when riding either to or from a visit to hiscousin s at Newdegate . The in scription 1
on his graveston e is
{Hit iat t t 310555 fi cmh t gate fi riiu'
ger imp Uii s li e 2921'd in (Emit {Flinn
q‘. Obii t XXI? Biz Ri t ual dfcbruaru $51? Udi M? 0 0 0 0
LXXXXVIII a a? i‘
t i t rg1 aims) VII. XIII t ui) aft
ppirictf. Us)
Above i s a Shield of Newdegate, an d on e of Swan land,the family from which Harefield was inherited .
It is n oteworthy that the date of his death is deficien tin the family pedigree in t he Baron etage .
” His mother,t he wife of William Newdegate of Harefield, was aSurrey woman
,the daughter of John Bowet, Esq. She
died in 14 44 , an d was buried at Harefield . His ownwife was El izabeth, daughter of Thomas Young, on e ofthe justices of the Common Pleas
, an d by her he was1 Imperfectly prin ted in Mann ing an d Bray, 11. 262 : “Shield of
arms gon e. The Sh ields may have been con cealed from v iew,bu t they
are n ot gon e.
”
288 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
serjeant-at - law, who had hon estly an d in depen den tlyserved durin g the Protectorate, first as a Justice of theCommon Ben ch, and subsequen tly as Chief Justice of theUpper Ben ch, and in 1677 was created a Baron et by KingCharles II . After this
,the allian ces of the family were
of the first distin ction , an d are accurately recited in theBaron etage .
” They have a fin e series of monumen tsat Harefield, of on e of which , a reclin in g figure of MaryLady Newdigate, by Grin ling Gibbon s , there is an eu
graving in Lyson s ’ “Middl esex Parishes .” Her husban d, Sir Richard Newdigate, the secon d Baron et , wasm ember for Warwickshire in t he reign of Charles II .The fifth Baron et, Sir Roger Newdigate, after havingbeen kn ight of the Shire for Middlesex, sat for thirtyyears as on e of the burgesses for the Un iversity ofOxford , and has left his n ame to be perpetually remembered there as the foun der of the Newdigate prize poem .
Sir Roger died in 1806, in the n in ety- seventh year of hisage, when the baron etcy expired, an d t he family, SO faras I am aware
,became en tirely extin ct in the male lin e .
Fran cis, a youn ger son of the secon d Baron et, had a son ,
Fran cis , who died without issue, an d a daughter, Milicen t, married to William Parker, Esq.
,of Salford Prior’s ,
in Warwickshire ; an d her son , Fran cis Parker, of KirkHallam ,
in Derbyshire,assumed the n ame an d arms of
Newdigate , in complian ce with t he will of his matern alun cle
,Fran cis Newdigate
,Esq. The n ame had n ow for
some gen eration s been usually Spelt Newdigate but Ol dSir Roger was very desirous to restore the an cien t orthography Newdegat e ; therefore, when he left direction s thatthe n ame should be assumed by an other of his cousin s ofthe Parker family
,care was taken that that spelling Should
be adopted .
It was the presen t member for North Warwickshire’
s
father,Charles Newdigate Parker, Esq. , who took t he
n ame an d arms of Newdegat e on ly, in stead of Parker ;but both he an d his presen t son have born e also the bapt ism al name of Newdigat e, and therefore i t i s that theirn ames appear as Charles Newdigate Newdegate . The
family of Kirk Hallam , on the con trary, n ow residen t at
Byrkley Lodge, n ear Burton -on -Tren t, in Staffordshire ,
keep to the spelling of the last cen tury,Newdigat e .
Before we return to the main lin e of the family atNewdegate , it may here be n oticed that a member of theHarefield family was for some time residen t in Surrey,in possession of t he man or of Little Ash t ed . It was anestate which had belonged to Merton Abbey, an d wasgran ted by Queen Mary to Ann e , Duchess of Somerset .In t he year 1578 the n ame of Robert Newdegate occursas receivin g (wi t h Arthur Foun tain ) a gran t , or lease ,of Little Ash t ed from t he Crown ,
1an d immediately con
veying it to his brother Fran cis , the Duchess’s husban d .
Subsequen tly Hen ry Newdegate , Esq . , was lord of thi sman or
,a great-n ephew of Fran cis an d Robert, an d a
younger son of John Newdegate, Esq. , of Arbury, co .
Warwick, by his secon d wife , Mary Smyth .
2 His mon umen t, still remain in g at Little Ash t ed, records him tohave main tain ed great hospitality there . Possibly hishousekeeping embarrassed him ; for, many years beforehis death, it is said in 1 603 , he suffered a recovery,an d, with John Newdegate, his brother, con veyed thisestate to George Cole, Esq. , of Petersham .
3 Hi s epi
t aph4 i s as follows , on a reddish marble tablet,
”
bearing t he arms of Newdigat e, with a crescen t for differen ce
HENRICI NEWDIGATE Arm . quondam hujus Maneru Dom . Fil i i
240 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY IIISTORY
secundo gen iti Johan n is Newdigate de Harfeild in com . Mid.
arm ig. et frat ris Johan n is Newdigate de Arbury in com . Warw.
Mil it is. Qui quidem Hen ricus magnam Hospi tal i t at em tenu it,sed (Mariam Haselrig v iduam moest issimam rel in qu en s,) Improl isob. An . E tat is suee 48 . Et hic sepu l tus fuit 16°Maij 1629 .
It was n ot un til 1635 that a commission i s sued foradmin i stration to his effects .1
From the pedigree of Poyn tz it would seem that,an terior to t he Newdegat es of whom we have n ow beenspeakin g , there were heiresses of a certain Thomas Newdogate, on e of whom
2 was married to William Poyn tz , ofReigate , (son of John Poyn tz an d Catherin e , daughter ofS ir Matthew Brown e, of Betchworth) , an d was gran dmother of Newdegate Poyn tz (A.D. from whomthe distin guished family of Poyn tz
,of Midgeham , co .
Berks , an d Cowdrey, co . Sussex, have descen ded . New
degat e Poyn tz married Sarah , daughter of Newde
gate Foxley, of Harringworth , co . Northampton . (Ibid ,
28 6 .pThe)history of the main lin e of this family, which
con tinued at Newdegat e for t wo cen turies after thealleged separation of the more emin en t jun ior bran chin t he reign of Edward III . ,
i s n ot di stinguished bymany remarkable or in teresting circumstan ces . S t illi t i s a part of the history of this place an d district,and on that accoun t claims to be traced an d recorded .
The Newdegat es of Newdegat e produced n o moreSheriffs , n o more members of parliamen t, n or did theymake any importan t marriages . Non e of them werekn ights . The head of t he family , who made his will in1516, styles himself on ly as gen tleman .
The in quisition 3 taken upon the death of Thomas
1 Hen ry Newdegate, late of Ash t ed,co. Surrey, gen tl eman . Comm is
sion t o Thomas Hun t,of Gray’
s In n,issued last day of July, 1635 .
Su rrey Adm in ist rat ions, H.M. Court of Prob ,114 b .
3 El izabeth, daughter and co -heir of Thomas Newdigate, of New
degat e, co. Surrey.
”—Dal laway’
s Rap e of Chichester, p . 285 .
3 I have t o ackn owledge my obl igation t o t he Rev . T. R . O’
fflahert ie,
Vicar of Capel , for t he use of a copy of this inqu isition . It is extan tbot h in t he Escheator’s In qu isition s for Surrey an d Sussex, 18 Eliz.
and in t he Chancery Inquisition s, 19 Eliz.
242 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
and scholars of Trin ity College in Cambridge , as oftheir m an or of Marlan de, in free socage ren t 73 . 6d ;
annual value 363 .
3 . A messuage, 33 acres of lan d, meadow an d pasture ,&c . , in Nudigat e, called Cockman
’
s . (The tenure an dvalue of this i s n ot afterwards stated, it bein g, as willbe seen , already settled on Walter Newdigat e .)4 . The reversion , after the death of Parn ell Massey,of a messuage
,80 acres of pasture, meadow, an d wood,
called Seman ’s and Ralford, in Capell held of ThomasBorde and Edward Willet, as of their man or of Gren es ,in free socage ren t 16d . annual value 203 .
5 . The reversion ,after t he death of Parn ell Massey,
of 20 acres of lan d , pasture an d wood , called the Hurst ,in Capell ; held of Philip Earl of Surrey, Hen ry Earlof Derby, an d Sir Hen ry Neville kn ight, Lord Aber
gavenny, as of their man or of Dorkin g, in free socage ;ren t 6d . ann ual value 63 . 8d
6 . The reversion , after the death of Parn el l Massey,of 20 acres of lan d an d pasture , called Dean e - lan d, inNudigat e, held of Nicholas Bowet as of hi s man or ofCudworth, in free socage ren t 53 . annual value 103 .
On the 19th Jan uary, 15 76 (within Six weeks of hisdeath) the deceased had gran ted a deed of feoffmen t ofall his lan ds ; an d on the 20 th February he had madehis last will and testamen t, both of which documen tsare recited at length in the In quisition .
By the former he vested in Henry Michell and JohnFuller, of Rowspere, yeomen , his man or of Nudigat e ,an d all other his lan ds , &c .
,in Nudigat e, Charlewood ,
Capell, and Ru spere, makin g Hen ry Stan ton , of Capell ,yeoman , his attorn ey, to give them possession ; an d bya schedule an n exed the uses were declared to be— l . tostan d seized of the messuage called Cockman
’
s to theuse of Walter Nudigat e his son , and the heirs of hisbody, an d for lack of such heirs to the use of Agn esEyer and Venyshe Newdigate, daughters of t he saidThomas ; 2 . to stan d seized of t he man or, mill, an d
residue of al l other the messuages , &c . , to t he use of thesaid Thomas during his n atural life, and after his decease
OF THE FAMILY OF NEWDEGATE. 243
n ly use of Agn es , his wife, during her life, an dhis son or daughters , as in the precedin g clause .
is will 1 he left to his wife, together with thesepermission “ to fell an d take sufficien t tymber
n ecessary buylding, repayring, an d supporti ng ofl bowses as occasi on serves , and lykewise suffi
adge boote , fyre-boote, plough boote, an d wain e31
‘ her own occupyin g an d spen ding there,” with
ful waste , al so “ the howse which I n owein call ed Nudigat e Place, with these st an deres
Jrryers , which She was to leave stan ding an d
ing at her death ; viz . two greate lon g spittes ;ables in t he hall
,with three formes all the seal
1 t he howse ; and all t he port al l s , glasse, an d
win dows, an d all the ben ches within t he samebeinge an d to the same howse belonginge an d
n ed bedsted with all things t herun t o belongingeow stan deth in the chamber at the lower en de ofl, an d also on e other joyn ed bedsted, n ow stan dthe Old Parlor .
n ext clause of t he will i s especially remarkable .
that Thomas my sonn e Shall have allowed him ofm e Walter his chamber
,his meate, drinke , and
11 reson able and sufli cien t , an d fort ie shillingsto be paid him quart erl ie or if he shouldthat provi sion , then ten poun ds yearly. Eitherat was secured upon the testator’S lan ds i n Nudiall ed Sowt helan de an d Marles ; but n o reasoner is assign ed for this treatmen t of his elder son ,y the deed of feofl
’
m en t an d by the will, was thusrited .
jurors , n otwithstan ding, returned, in due coursethat Thomas Nudigat e was the son an d heir ofeased Thomas
,whose death occurred on the 7 t h
an d that he was of the age of thirty years an dThe in qui sition was taken at Guldeford on the
cembei In the same year, the n ames of the j urors-William Seygare, Richard Smithe , John Love
I‘
the w il l a fu l ler abst ract will be found hereafter, p . 263.
244 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
lan d, John Russell , Hen ry Clyft on ,Thomas Coxe,
William Un derwood, Robert Seigare, Nicholas Gadd ,Hen ry Butt, Richard Jellye , John Bexe, John Waltham ,
Thomas Farley of Won ershe, Thomas Allen , and
Thomas Crosse .
We are here presen ted with an eviden t case of disinheritan ce , but its reason i s left to conj ecture . Theprobability appears to be that Thomas, the eldest son ,
was afflicted with imbecility .
IVal t er Newdegat e appears as the head of the familyin 1- 588 , when he con tributed £ 25 towards t he defen ceof t he coun try from the threaten ed invasion of t heSpan i sh Armada, and he was buried at Newdegate on
t he 10 th of August, 1590 . It was probably t he disinherited brother who was buried on t he 22n d November,1611 , as Thomas Newdegate , sen ior, gen tleman .
”
Thomas Newdegate, Esquire,” who was buried
February 24 t h , 1 611—12, was probably the son an d heirof Walter .
A gravestone, n ow lying in the very centre of Newdegate Church , despoiled of a brass, which represen ted thedeceased in armour, probably marks the grave ofWilliamde Newdegate, Often kn ight of the Shire, an d subse
quen tly sheriff, who died about the year 14 00 . It stillretain s two shields of arms, which are n ot very readilydeciphered, for their surface is not of ordin ary brass orlaten , but they have been run in with lead, and were nodoubt formerly en amelled or painted, to represen t thearmorial coat of Newdegat e, which is usually blazon ed
THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
a lion ’s paw, when first adopted , may be doubtful . I amin formed that there i s a legen dary story in the Newde
gate family that the paws allude to wolves extermin atedin the forest .
1
In 14 96, an other Thomas Newdegate , in stead ofarmorial bearin gs , seals with aRebus of his n ame, which is formedof t he letters N U,
in the old blackletter, at top, an d a capital letter D ,
with a gate .
W hether there were formerly anyother sepulchral memorial s to t heNewdegat es in this church there isn o record to tell . The slabs ofSu ssex marble in the pavemen tmarkin g graves are n umerou s inall direction s
,in cluding t he belfry ;
but so completely are they wornor decayed , that, with two exception s,
2 they retain n o Sign s eitherof having been formerly in laid with brass plates, or ofbearin g in scription s .But there still remain s a remarkable fact to be told
with regard to t he in termen ts of t he Newdegat es . Itappears that up to the period of the Reformation theypossessed a separate sepulchral chapel , which was situated somewhere in the churchyard
, bu t upon what spotis n ow en tirely unkn own . It existed before 14 82, in
which year Thomas Newdegat e, by his will , directed hisbody to be buried in t he Chapel of St . Margaret ofNewdegat e , leaving at the same time the sum of x ij
d '
to
the high altar of t he Church of St . Peter of Newdegat eIn like man n er, Thomas his son ,
in t he year 1516,desired to be buried in the Chapel of St . Margaret of
1 As blason ed by t he heralds,t he arms of Newdegate are Gu les
,
three l ion ’
s jambs erased argen t. Crest,a fleur -de- l is argen t. (Visi ta
t ion of Warwickshire, Aubrey, vol . ii. p . 247 , m isn ames themas bear’s paws an error fol lowed in Mann ing an d Bray, 11 . 175 afterwards, vol . iv . p . 262
, as“three eagle
’
s claws erased from t he kn ee3 Noticed by Major Heales in his paper on t he church.
OF THE FAMILY OF NEWDEGATE.
degat e, directing his obit t o be ob served there forty years .1d t he n ext Thomas , in the year 1521, made therequest ; an d in his will the chapel i s particularlyrihed as being in the churchyard of Newdigate .
reywas told of this chapel , and men tion s1 that after
LS pulled down t he tradition was, this family soon‘began to decay . He says it gave place to t heling of a farm-house bu t , as it stood in the churchthat could n ot be literally t he case . Its materialshave been used for that p urpose . Not impossiblyi s built of oak on ly, like the extraordin ary belfry .
i s reason able to con clude that after the suppressioni an t ries its removal Shortly followed . It was evi
.ly gon e in 1576, when the then head of the family,mas Newdegat e, Esq. (in his wi ll already quoted) ,red to be buried in the parish church , “ in the middlemen t, before the glass win dow where the Newdes’ arms are set that is to say, under or n ear t he
'
eston e upon which his an cestor was, or had been ,
esen t ed in brass plate .
homas Newdegat e, Esq., who died in 1612, i s
ed to have died seized of t he man or of Newdegat e,h he left to his n ephew, West Newdegate ; but i tly came to his own daughters , as co-heires ses , byelder and survivor of whom, Mary, wife of Williamier, the whole estate was sold in the year 1636 t oJohn Budgen .
‘he particulars are thus related by Mr . Bray
Although the last Thomas Newdegat ein 1612 ,
“ the in quisition on his death was n ot
n un til 26th November, 1619 , when it was foun d thatlied 22nd November, 1612, seized of the man or ofd egat e and divers lan ds there, and in Charlewood,ley, and Capel, leaving Mary andAn n e, his daughtersco-heirs , the former of the age of t en , the latter of
(at t he time of his death) . In 17 James I. , 1620,n m a v flq h i n w q q g r an ted to Hen rv Darell . ESG an d
248 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
Mary his wife , their mother . Mary, the elder daughte r,married William St eper
1 An n e married WilliamSmythieman . The latter died without i ssue an d in thein quisition it was foun d that she died seized of a moietyof the man or and lan ds , and that Mary was her si steran d heir . She afterwards sued out livery [of the ex
pen ses of which Bray, in a n ote, appen ds a very curious .
accoun t] . It should seem from these circumstan ces thatt he devise to West Newdegat e was n ot con sidered valid .
However this may be , West Newdegate join ed withSt eper an d wife in a sale to Mr . John Budgen inIn the Compan ion from Lon don to Brigh t helm s t on ,
by J . Edwards , Topographer, 4 to . , 1801 , Newdegate isdescribed as Situated in an exceedin gly dirt y coun try,t he soil bein g a stron g clay, which, with t he least rain ,
dis solves and becomes in tolerably dirty . Edwards alsostates that in the Five Bells publ ic -house, Opposite thechurch , he had seen a good old pain ting of Sir RogerNewdigat e, who on ce lived in Newdigat e Place .
” Thismight have been really a portrait of on e of the Newdegate family (though n ot Sir Roger ” ) lingerin g aboutits old home .
NEWDEGATE PLACE, the an cien t man sion of the Newdegat es , stood at t he distan ce of about three - quarters ofa mile to the south of the church, and, in fact, i s stillstan din g . I en tertain little doubt that it was origin allysurroun ded by a moat, as was usual with the old man orhouses in this district ; although there is n ow n o veryapparen t eviden ce of that circumstan ce, except in therebeing several pon ds n ear the house . Bray describes itas having con sisted of a quadrangle an d a court in themiddle ; and it remain ed en tire for about a cen tury an d
a half after the Newdegat es had quitted it . Its possessors, the family of Budgen , alternated their residen ce
1 This last person ,William St eper, person ated on e of t he same name
and of a con siderable estate and fam ily in Yorkshire, and man aged his
schem e with so much art that he married t he heiress of this fam ily,and so made him sel f master of this estate.
”This is an an ecdote added
by Aubrey ; bu t it is suppressed by Mann ing and Bray, perhaps fromregarding i t as un true.
250 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
the scen e of an old iron-work, probably on e of then earest to Lon don in this quarter .1 In 1 553 Sir Hen ryNeville, Lord Abergavenny (to whom it had descendedby inheritan ce from the Earls of Arun del) , conveyed allhi s messuages , lan ds, an d rough ground, common lycalled Iwood, otherwise t he Park of Iwood, in Newdegate, an d all t he buildings , iron -works , an d oflti ceswithin t he same, and t he v iew of frankpledge of theinhabitan ts an d residen ts which n ow or hereafter shallbe within the same, to George an d Christopher Darell .2
(Claus . 7 Edm. VI., p .
That these iron -works were still upheld at t he beginn in g of Elizabeth’s reign , appears from t he Act of1 Eliz . , cap . 15 ,—Timber n ot to be felled to make coalsfor iron -works , but the Act n ot to exten d to Charlewood,Newdegate, an d Leigh . (Man n in g an d Bray, vol . iii .Appen dix
,p . iv.) For t he iron -works of Charlewood see
also Mann ing an d Bray .
Aubrey con templates Ewood from a con siderabledistan ce ; that is, from the camp on Hom esbury HillFull east from this camp (he says) in the Wyld is alarge pon d, called Eaglewood Pon d, in the parish ofNudigat e, of about 20 or 30 acres
”
(iv .
An d the followin g description of it, by a coun tyhistorian n ot lon g after him, has n ot , I believe, beenhitherto prin ted . It represen ts the iron-mill convertedin to on e for corn
In this parish is Iwood, Eywood, or Ewood, which, according t o
t he name, is a woody place where sometymes dwelt Hen ry Dorel l, orDarell
, gen t. It is an aun t ien t man sion and faire demeasn es. Thereis a good fishpond n igh t he house, upon t he bay whereof standeth a
corn e m il l . This did aun t ien t ly belong t o t he Warren s, Earles of
Surrey, who kept t he same for their pleasure in hun ting, hawking, an d
1 In Bri tann i a Dep icta, or Ogilby Improc’
d,a Road-Book by Eman .
Bowen,Engraver, 1720, there are
“iron -m il ls shown t o t he right oft he twen ty-second m ilest on e between Cobham and Ripley, on t he highroad from London t o Portsmouth (p.
3 The Darel ls became conn ected by marriage w ith t he Newdegat efam ily (see t he pedigree), and a
“Mr. George Darrel l was buried at
Newdegat e so late as May 26, 1620 .
fishing. (Collection s for the His tory of Surrey, by Richard Symmes,Town Clerk of Guildford, 1670—80, n ow t he Addit. MS. Brit. Mus.
6167)
In the time of William III . the house an d half thepark of Ewood belonged to Dr . Morton , a physician .
1
He left a son of the same profession , who , with Richard,his son an d heir- apparen t, suffered a recovery in 1 725,an d settled it as a join ture on Fazeby Morton ,
2t he wife
of Richard , t he son . The son was a barrister, an d
havin g outlived his first wife , in 1736 settled it, on hismarriage with a secon d wife, Mary , widow of JamesBu dgen , of Cudworth . He was then called of Ewood ;an d havin g six daughters , by his will, dated 4 t h December , 1 767 , he directed this estate to be sold .
3 It wasaccordin gly sold to Thomas Grimstead, Esq. , of Lon don ,
who died about leaving Joseph Valen tin e Grim1 A memorandum in t he Parish Register regarding t he churchyard
fence, which is main tain ed in division s cal led Marks,
”con tains this
passage Ewood being divided, t he farm cal l ed Chitty repairs on e-halfan d Mr. Morton ’
s farm t he other half— 37 feet.” Joseph Chitty, gen t ,
was bu ried at Newdegate Jan . 25,17 67 . Hen ry Chitty and Margaret
Hol land were married July 5, 1666.
3 The second m arriage of this lady was as fol lows 1750, Oct . 22.
Drew Wal ter of Rygat e, and Easby Morton,
of this parish,were
married with Licence. (Par . Reg. Newdegat e. ) IS Easby a modificat ion of Thisbe ?
3 In t he sou th or Cudworth aisle ofNewdegat e church is a marbletablet in mem ory ofRichard Mor ton , Esq.
,of Ewood, who died Oct . 25
,
17 68 , aged 67 and of his wife Mary, bu ried in t he sam e place, May 4 ,1778, in her 7 3nd year ; erected by Sarah Crowther, her daughter.There is t he fol lowing en try in t he Parish Register
17 68 . Richard Mor t on,Esq.,
ob. 23 October sep. 1 November.N .B .
- O Cecidit v ir sagax
DAVID OAMPBEL, Rector.DAN" ' EVANS
,Curat e.
”
And in an other page Received of Mr. Morton t he sum of five
gu in eas for a Vau l t under Cudworth Seat in t he Church, after some
dispute abou t i t s being due, by m e DAN. EVANS,August 2151,
On Mrs. Morton ’
s fun eral t he Rev . George Al len,then Rector
,
252 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
stead , Esq., his son and heir, ofwhom it was purchased by
t he Duke of Norfolk in 1786, who in the same year alsoacquired, by purchase, the man or of Shelwood, in t he
adjoin ing parish of Leigh .
“Thus (remarks Bray) t heman ors of Newdegat e an d Shelwood and Iwood Park, allformerly possession s of t he Earls ofWarren ,
Surrey , an dArun del, havin g been separated for cen turies , an d havin gpassed through several han ds, became again un ited inthe heir male an d descen dan t of those n oble families , t hepresen t Duke of Norfolk
,who , havin g inherited from
them three- fourths of t he man or and demesn e ofDorking,
an d purchased the other fourth,an d having purchased
m any con tiguous lan ds (amon g which was the adjoin in gestate of Hen fold in he plan n ed, an d in 18 0 7
began erecting a man sion adjoin ing to Iwood, on thebrow of an emin en ce comman din g a delightful prospectof the park an d water
, an d of t he beautiful woodedheights of Dorkin g an d the n eighbourin g coun try . HisGrace in ten ds it as an occasion al residen ce for himselfan d successors , bein g n early at an equal distan ce fromthe metropolis an d Arun del Cas t le .
1 A plan of it is,by
his Grace’ s m un ificen ce , given to this work . His Grace ’satten tion to that most useful as well as delightfulemploymen t of plan tin g has been shown in the magn ificen t specimen s given at an d about Arun del . Here
1 In this passage Bray does n ot advert t o an other circumstan ce thathad a material relation ship t o t he Duke’
s proj ect. His an cestors forthree gen eration s had been seated at Depeden e
,in Dorking, t he
beau tifu l Spot which was first ren dered remarkabl e by t he taste of
his great -grandfather, t he Hon . Charles Howard (younger brother t ot he Six th Duke) ; and i t was after m aking t he greater part of t hepu rchases described by Mr. Bray that t he Duke sold Depeden e. The
beads of this bran ch of t he Howard fam ily were usual ly buried inDorking Church ; v iz.
1695,Nov . 7 . Mary, wife OfHon . Charl es Howard.
17 13, March 31. The Hon . Charles Howard.
1720, Jun e 10. Charl es Howard, Esq.
17 47 , Oct . 2 . Mary his widow .
178 6, Augus t 31. Charles t en t h Duke of Norfolk .
(His wife Catherin e was bu ried at Aru ndel .)17 68 , May 28 . Mary-Ann e
,first wife ofCharles afterwards eleven th
Duke.
18 15, Dec. 16. Charles eleventh Duke of Norfolk.
254 THE ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY
feature of his lan dscape, has also en tirely disappeared .
Bray (p . 1 74 ) describes Ewood as a park of about 600acres , in cludin g a piece of water flowin g 60 acres .Ewood Pon d may be seen properly laid down in t he
Ordn an ce map , engraved forty years ago ; but it hadbeen drain ed before the publication of Brayley’s “Historyof Surrey in The massive wall of s t on e, whichboun ded the pon d to the north , an d t he Open ing throughit for t he mill- race, as well as an other for excess ofwater, are still to be seen , together with a grand oldoak in a state of demi- ruin . There is still a farm-housen ear at han d , which has a picturesque old chimn eystack ; an d it is probably the remain ing portion 3 ofwhat Edwards calls “ a large farm -house, belongin g tot he Duke of Norfolk .
I have added these local n otes to my accoun t of theNewdegat e family, thinkin g they possess some in terest,an d I will make on ly a very few further remarks inregard to the etymology of the local n ame . I believe it
1 Edwards,in 1801, Speaks of “Ewe-wood P ond
,which is said t o
flow an hun dred acres, and is famous for fish . This m easuremen tseem s t o be fol lowed by Brayley :
“There was formerly a pon d at
Ewood,which covered upwards of on e hundred acres of ground ; bu t
this has been drain ed.
”
(Vol . i . p. For i t s exten t,Bray’
s
accoun t is probably m ore reliabl e.
3 Ewood is often n am ed in a book cal led The Howard Papers, byH . Ken t Staple Causton ,
an octavo volume,bearing n o date on i t s
title- page, bu t at t he close of t he in troduction , Nov . 5, I t
was compiled chiefly from t he papers of Mr. Walter Howard,a gen tle
m an who claimed t o be a cou sin of t he Duke of Norfolk,as Shown in
various pedigrees in cluded in t he book . The Duke at on e time assistedhim ; and “
on t he 2 l st December, 1795 , he was taken down t o
Ewood, and by t he Duke’
s steward, Mr. Seymou r, establ ished there on
a smal l property t he Duke appears t o have pu rchased a few yearsbefore (p. Afterwards he was dispossessed, and t he hou se (hesays) pu l led down . His subsequen t con duct betrayed in san ity.
“I
have,he stated in an appeal t o t he Hou se of Lords, May 30, 1806,
a ju st right t o charge t he Duke of Norfolk of withhol ding from m e
t he estate of Ewood, of which he gave m e possession ,n ow in t he occu
pat ion of t wo person s n am ed Burbury an d Wil ton , and held by themi n t he Duke’s n am e. NVhen my wife and myself were t aken down t o
Ewood estate, and placed in possession of i t as my own
,
”&c . (t o.
(p. The sam e statem en ts are frequ en tly repeated in this ex traordinary book . (See i t s Index , and particu larly p.
OF THE FAMILY OF NEWDEGATE. 255
i s generally allowed that the usual mean ing of ga t e Inthis n eighbourhood is a way or road,
ln otwithstan din g
that Thomas Newdegate, on his seal, chose to represen ta gate of en tran ce as part of his rebus . Now, in then ame New-wood -gate , the epithet n ew must apply to the
gate for, when all was fores t , a n ew wood was a name n otlikely to arise .2 At some very early date, therefore, an ew road was here made through the woodlan d coun try ,the on ly previous road having been that of the Romanperiod
,shown in the Ordn an ce map , ascen din g from
Dorking by the steep ridge of the Redlands , an d passin gby An s t eybury camp to the Stan e Street at Ockley .
At that primeval date t he high road from Dorking toHorsham
,traversed m the last and presen t cen turies by
many of the Brighton an d Worthing coaches , would n otexist at all .3 The Holmwood was en tirely a drearyswamp , but presen ting to view on e or more promin en thills ; for such is the origin al mean in g of holme, amoun d of green pasture in the midst of a river, or in a
marshy district .
1 The varl ous places in t his dist rict , in t he names of which gatetakes part
,are noticed in Mann ing and Bray, i. 271 v iz Gat ewick
in Charlewood Newdegate, Gadbrook ; Reygat e, Gat ton , and Gat ewickin Ohipst ed.
2 A totally differen t sugges t ion has been made t o me,—that t he
parish was n am ed after t he Ewood,or Iw-wood, through or by which
t he gate or road passed. Such derivation m ight be fortified by t he
paral lel cases of Kn ockhol t, from Oak-hol t,or oaken -holt , and by ou r
famil iar word nook for an koke or hooke (t .e. a corn er), in both whichin stances an in itial N has accrued. So ambiguous and embarrassing are
t he diversities of etymology.
3 In Bowen’
s Road-Book already mention ed in p . 250, t he
road from Dorking t o Horsham is n ot represen ted,bu t t he road t o
Arundel is shown runn ing over Cold Harbor Hil l t o t he Causwayat Ston e Street
,
”and so crossing Oke Flu . up Oakwood Hil l ,
along Hon ey Lan e,”t o t he thirty-fourth mi leston e from London (p.
VOL. VI
256 APPENDIX .
'
APPENDIX.
CHARTERS AND ABSTRACTS OF CHARTERS RELATING
TO NEWDEGATE AND THE NEWDEGATES.
HE fol lowing char t ers and ex tracts of charters are col lect ed fromvariou s sources. A portion of t he mu n imen ts of t he family having
been carried in to Warwickshire, particu lars of some of t he earlycharters were commun icated by Sir Richard Newdigate, t he thirdBaron et (who died in 17 27 ) t o Wotton t he gen ealogical booksel ler,an d publ ished by him in h is Baron etage of 174 1. These are in t he
fol lowing pages m arked Bar . Others, having remain ed w ith t he titledeeds of Newdegat e, passed in to t he hands of t he Budgen fam ily, and
were seen by Mr. Bray, bu t t he on ly pu rpose t o which he appl ied themwas t o form t he un certain pedigree al ready referred t o ; for t he few
charters that he n otices (11. 17 1) are real ly some of those which hadappeared in t he Baron etage. I t was probably some of Mr. Budgen
’
s
charters that were preserved by Mr. Ambrose Glover, sol icitor,
of Reigate, and are n ow in,
t he possession of h is grandson and su ccessor,Mr . Thomas Hart
,of t he same place. Some of these were n oticed by
Bray, under t he paris h of Wotton,and others by t he Rev . Edmund
Cart wright, in his “History of t he Rape of Bramber,
”under t he parish
ofRu sper. Mr. Hart has don e m e t he favou r t o open t he col lectiont o my in spection , and those which I have exam ined are marked Orig.
in t he fol lowing pages . A few that I have n ot found are marked Brayand Cartw. J. G. N .
\Vil l iam Young gives, for homage and service, half a yard of land t oRichard Newdegate. s . cl .—Ban“.
\Vill iam Tessardu s t o t he same Richard Newdegat e, regarding lands int he parish ofNewdegat e, which his father (John de Newdegate)had held. 3 . cl .—Bar .
\Vil l iam de Longo Pou t elgran ts t o t he same Richard Newdegat e al l
that lan d which Wal ter de Horley 2 gave t he said Richard, w ithAl ice his daughter, in free marriage—Bar.
1 t .e. Longbridge, in t he parish of Horley : see Mann ing and Bray,i ii. 187 .
2 Bray, in his Pedigree of Newdegate, has this nam e B orsea, in steado fHorl ey, and he places t he marriage at t oo late a date
,marryingAl ice
t o Richard Newdegate living in 1318.
258 APPENDIX.
cum suis pert inen t iis predict o Ricardo et heredibus suis de corporesuo legit ime procreat is con tra omn es waran t izabimus gentes inperpetuum . In cujus rei t estimon ium hu ic presen ti carte sigil lum
meum apposu i . Hiis t est ibus,— Johann e de Cherlewode
,Wal t ero
at e Hoke, Wal t ero de Wygepol e, Wil l ielmo Fabro,Johann e l e
Werht e, Johan n e de Got ewike
,JOhann e Rol f
,et mu ltis al iis .
Datum apud Neudegat e die dom in ica prox ima post festum san ctiMichael is Archangeli , ann o regn i regis Edwardi t ercii a conquest u
secundo.-Orig.
Smal l oval seal, a four-leaved flower : S. WILL’
I DENYWDEGATE (as engraved in p.
1329 . Richard de Neudegat e (by an inden ture) grants t o his father,Wil l iam de Neudegat e, al l his ten emen ts in Cherlewode for t he
term of his own l ife- namely, those which he before had of his
father’s gift, cal led Wodelond,—t o be held by t he service of on e
rose yearly, at t he feast of t he Nativity of St . John t he Baptist.Dated on Sunday n ext after t he feast of t he Epiphany, 2 Edw. III.
\Vi t n .—Jolm de Cherl ewode, \Vi l l iam de Neudegat e jun ior, John
\Vodem an,John Edolf, John Rol f
,an d others . (Seal lost.) Orig.
1333. John de Neyudegat e gran ts t o h is son Thomas a ten emen t cal ledLe Hul lond
,in Gumesu lve, for life remain der t o his brother
John for l ife remainder t oWil liam,brother of Thomas an d John .
Dated at Polyngefeld on Tuesday after t he feast of St . John an tepor tam Latinam (6 th May), 7 Edw. 111.
—Communi cated by t heRev . T. R. O
’
fflahert ie .
1336. Mabil la,widow of \Val ter Sawe, gran t s t o Pet er de Got ewyke,
an d his heirs and assign s , on e garden in t he parish of Cherlewode,
in length between t he land of Richard le Smythe on t he n orth,
an d t he wood of t he lord prior of Christ ‘s church,Can terbury, on
t he south,in breadth between t he land of t he said Richard on t he
east,an d t he wood of t he said l ord prior on t he west . W i t
n esses— John de \Vakehurst,John de Cherlewode
,Peter Jordan ,
John Edolfe,\Vil liam Godefroi
,\Val ter de Wiggepol e, Richard
atte Hale,and others . Dated at Cherl ewode on Sunday after t he
feast of t he apostles Peter and Pau l,10 Edw . III . (Seal lost . )
Orig.
1353. Wil l iam de Neudegat e held certain lands and ten emen ts inGomshal l of John Pa l ly, by t he an nual ren t of fou r shil l ings,threepen ce
,and hal f a poun d of pepper. By t he following char t er
he was rel eased t o t he exten t of t wo shil l ings, threepen ce, and t hehal f-pound of pepper —leaving a ren t of two shil l ings stil l due
Omn ibus ad quos presen s scriptum perven eri t Johann es Pal ly salu t em
in Domino. Cum VVil lielmus de Neudegat e m ichi annuat im
reddere solebat quatuor sol idos tres denarios et dimi diam l ibram
piperis de terris et t en emen t is que de m e tenuit in Gumshelue
Noveri t is m e rem isisse relaxasse e t pen it us de m e et heredibu s
m eis in perpetuum qu iet um clamasse predict o Wil l ielmo heredibu s
et assignat is su is totum j us et clameum quod habui vel al iquo
APPENDIX. 259
modo habere pot ui in duabu s sol idat is tribus denari i s et dimidia
l ibra piperis predict i ann ual is reddit us . It a quod n ec ego predict us
Johan nes n ee heredes m ei n ec al iquis al ius n om ine nostro in predict is duabus sol idat is tribu s den ariis et dimidia l ibra piperisannual is reddit us al iqu id j uris vel clamei de cet ero ex igere au t
vendicare pot erimu s in futurum . Et ego predict us Johann es etheredes m ei predict as duas sol idat as tres denarios e t dim idiam
l ibram piperis annual is reddit us predict o Wil l ielmo heredibus et
assignat is su is con tra omn es gen tes waran t izabimus in perpetuum .
In cuj us rei t est m on ium hu ic scripto quiet eclamancie sigil lum
m eum apposu i. Hiis t es t ibus, Ricardo de Somerbury, Johann e deRedyngershe, \Valtero de Pynkehurst , Ada Wal ays, Wil l ielmo
de Pynkehurst , Thoma de Fren she, Adam atte P lesshet t e,et al iis.
Datum apud Polyngfold die Ven eris in festo Cathedrae san cti Pet riann o regn i Regis Edwardi terc11 post conquest um v icesimo
septimo. (Seal los t . )An cien t indorsemen t , Gomeschulfe.
—Orig.
1353. John Newdegate gives t o Thomas,his (youngest) son , his tene
m en t cal led Hal lond,for his l ife remainder t o John his brother,
for l ife ; rem ainder t o Wil l iam,t he eldest brother, his heirs and
assign s , for ever. (27 Edw. III.) —Bar.
John de Mon tfort (lord of the m anor of Newdegate) leases al l his
wood in Berland, in t he parish ofNewdegate, t o Wil l iam Newde
gate, for two years from t he feast of Easter,for £ 20 sterl ing,
together with free ingress an d egress . (Temp . Edw. III.—Bar.
1359 . Simon l e Rolfl’
, son of Adam Rolfl'
, gran ts t o Will iam de Newde
gate, Am icia his wife, and John their son,an d their heirs
,fou r
fields in Charlewode and Newdegat e . (33 Edw. III.)—Ba/r.
Simon le Rolfl'
t o t he same parties gran ts a garden in t he parish ofRowesparr, and a croft in Newdegate—Bar.
1364 . Richard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, gran ts t o William de
Newdegate a croft of lan d in Newdegate, in exchange for 21» acr.
1 r. 15 p . which t he Earl had of t he sam e Wil l iam,and in closed
in his park of Iwode.—Brag, iii . 174 .
1376. Fin al con cord in t he King’s court at Westmin ster,in Hil ary
term (50 Edw . between William de Neudegat e, quer., andSimon Ingram ,
of London,draper
,and Celeial h is wife, deforc. , of
t wo m essuages and 45 acres of lan d in Rousparre and Ifelde. Con
sideration,100 marks of silver. —Orig.
1420. Robert Nudegat e, of Cressal t on (now Carshalt on ), in Surrey,gran ts t o John Gylbert an d Wil liam Gren e al l those lands
,&c.
,
cal led Got ewyke, lying in t he parish of Rowsparre, in the coun tyof Sussex
,which he lately had of t he feoffmen t of Am icia late
wife OfWi ll iam Nudegat e al so those he had of t he feofi'
men t of
1 Not Cecil ia, as printed in Car twright’s Rap e of Brambe
’
r , p. 374 .
260 APPENDIX .
John Brymmesgrove clerk,John Hadresham , John Ashurst
,and
Thomas Hayton , in t he v il l or parish of Charlewode. Witu .
Hen ry Fren sshe, John Spycer, Thomas Saundre, Thomas Wryght ,W i l liam Fren sshe, and others. Dated on Sunday n ext after t hefeast of St . Bartholom ew
,8 Hen . V. (Seal lost.)1 —Orig.
1424 . John Newdegat e of Newdegate gran ts t o John Bar t elot j un iorand Robert Nyt embre al l his lan ds
,&c.
,in t he parish of Rowes
parre cal led W'
es tgot ewyke (an en feoffm en t) . Witn esses—Thom as
Bar t elot , Wil l iam Frensshe,Richard Rediforde
,Richard Brode
,
W il l iam Duke,and others. Dated at Rowsparre, on Sun day n ex t
before t he feast of S t . Margaret t he Virgin (Sept. 3 Hen . V I .
(To this deed remain s attached a seal impressed from a Sign et—ringof t he jamb erased, as engraved in p .
—Orig.
14 25 . John Newdegate, Esq.
,lord of Westlan d in Wotton , devises
that m an or t o John Shepherd for 21 years, at t he ren t of 13s. 4d.
(3 Hen . VI . )—Brag, i i. 15 3 .
1482. Wil l iam Newdegate, Esq.
,sel ls “
al l h is okys tree growing on
his lan d in Wotton cal led t heWest Lan d,for 18 marks . (14 Edw .
IV.)—Brag, i i . 153.
1494 . John Newdegate t he elder,of Craw l ey, In Sussex ,
Esq.,con veys
t he Man or of Wes t lond t o Rauf Legh and Edmund Deny.
(22 Aug ,9 Hen . VII) .— Brag, i i . 153.
1497 . Thomas Nudegat , of Nudegat , gen tleman,by inden ture gran ts t o
John Squyer, of Rouspar, on e croft of three acres at Gotwykes
gren e, in t he parish of Rou spar, lying between t he king’
s highwayl eading from t he park of Iwode towards Horsham , an d t he lan d
cal led Cokeman’
s on t he n orth and west,and. t he land cal led
Go t ewyke on t he east an d sou th , which had descen ded t o him byinheritan ce after t he death of Thomas Nudegat , his father t o be
held for ever at t he ren t of 12d . Dated 20 March,1 Hen . VII .
(Seal, t he rebus ofNuDga te, engraved in p .—Or ig.
1 Cartwright (Rap e of Bramber,p. 37 4) states that “Rober t
Newdegate, of Crescal t on , in Surrey, gran ted t o John Gylbard an d
Wil l iam Grove al l his lan ds cal led Ga twgle, in Rou sparre, which came
t o h im by feofmen t ofAn n e, late w ife ofWil l iam Newdegate. Dated2 Hen . V. Cartwright’s abstracts are so fu l l of errors
,that this
(in cluding t he date) is probably al together an in correct version of t he
deed of 1420,which he does n ot otherwise n otice. In al l t he old
charters t he presen t Gatwick is written Got ewyke.
262 APPENDIX.
1521. Thomas Newdegat e directs his body t o be buried in t he same
chapel , which he describes as being in t he chu rchyard of Newde
gate, and t o have an obit for t en years five priests yearly everytim e t o sing or say five masses for t he souls of Thomas his father,and of al l his friends
,for which each should have sixpen ce.
Bray.
1533, Feb. 21. Alice Newdygat e, wydow,of t he parish of Newdegate.
To be bu ried in t he chapel l of Seyn t Margaret by my husband,on t he south side of him . To t he high al tar i iij‘1 t o t he motherchurch of Winchester 131 ; t o our Lady
’
s braun che x ijd
. To myson Richard half a dossen of pewter vessel l, a table cloth, and a
towel] . To my daughter Ann e a whyte teaster of my bed,a
towel ],a kettel l of brasse
,and half a dossen of pewter vessel l . To
Thomas N . ij. spyt t s, ij . chest es, half a dozen of pew t er vessel l , andt he hangyng close [sic, gi t . closet in t he parlor. Residue t o
daughter An n e,who is made sole execu trix . Sir Mathe Bel l t o
be my overseer,and t o have for his labour a table cloth . Wi t
n esses,Edward Bowet t , Rychard Chel son
,wi t h other moo.
Proved 27 Mar . 1534 .—Arcli (l . Surrey.
1545,Jun e 18 . John Newdegate, esquyer,1 son and heir of John N ,
late Serjean t at law. To be buried at Harfilde. Names his son
Thomas,wife Ann e, son John [t he eldest] , son Fran cis, son
N icholas,son Robert, and son An thony. To Pern el l, my cosenn
Richard Newdegat e’
s wife,xx
s. To John Frogg ii ij . l i. Daughter
Gardyner son George. Witn esses, his son John,Richard
Newdegate, Nicholas, George, and Robert N . (probably his son s),Johann e Osborn e
,Johann e Ham on d
,and others. Proved
29 Jan . same year (1545 - Regis ter of Thirlby, B is/t ap ofl 'Ves tm in s ter, 7 7 b.
1545, Sept. 3 . Richard Newdygat e, of Herfelde,co. Middlesex
, gen tleman . To t he high al tar of Horfelde i ij s i iii
‘1 toward t he
bui lding of t he steeple of t he parish church of Herfield
vj l i . x iijs iiij‘1 t o John Ladie, curate there, t o pray for mysou l , viij
S t o t he h ighway between Harfield and Uxbridgei ij l i. vj s v iij
‘1 t o t he poor of Harefiel d x l s. “I w il l that thereshalbe dist rybu t ed emonge t he poore people househoulders w ithint he parysh of Newdygat e wheere as I was born e Four t ie shel inges.
”
To Johan ne N dau . of Wil liam N . deceased, vj11 x iij
s i iij“, t o bedel ivered on t he day of her marriage. To Robert N . x x
s. To
El lne Nalwood iiij . l i. To Edward BoWe t t , my n evey, x13, on e of
my gown s, and a jacket of black cham blet. To Thomas N .,my
brother’s son , a dosen n e of silver spoon es w‘h acorn es, t o bym t o
1 This will , which, with t he fol lowing, is derived from a recen tlydiscovered register of Bishop Thirlby, I insert, though i t belongs t o t heHarefield fam ily, and does n ot m en tion Newdegat e, because i t wil l beseen that t he “
cosen n Richard Newdegate,” nam ed by t he testator, ist he same person who
,dying very shortly after
,made t he n ext will .
APPENDIX . 263
be delivered ymediat lie after t he deceasse of Parnel l now my wife .
To John Horton , al ias Tailor, XXS. “As t o t he disposicion of al l
and singu ler my landes and t en emen t es, ren tes, reversion s, an d
services sett,lyenge, and beinge in t he parishes of Newdigate an d
Capel l , in t he coun t ie of Surrey or el les wheare within t he sam e
coun t ie,” —first t o Parn el l his wife, for her l ife, and t o Thomas N . ,
his brother’s son , his heirs and assigns, for ever, t o pay t o EdwardBowet t and t o Jan e h is wife
,my sister
,vj ll v iij s i iij
d. To
Amphill is N dau . of Sebastian N . ,on t he day of her m arriage,
x x l i. if she die, t o be bestowed in roads w ithin t he same parish[p robably Harefield] leading t o London . Proved 10 Nov . sam e
yeah—Regis ter of Thir lby, B ishop of Wes tmin ster, 9 b.
1576. Feb . 20 (13 Thomas Newdygat e, of Newdegate,esquyer . To be buried in t he parish church of N .
,in t he m iddle
pavemen t before t he glas wyndow in t he same chu rch where t heNewdegat es armes are set . To be distribu ted t o t he
’ poer peopl eof Newdegate at his bu rial x 5
. To Agn es h is wife h is house inN . in which he dwel ls
,cal led Nudigat e P lace, and al l h is lands
cal led t he Woodlands,lying on the west side of t he river or brook
there cal led t he Ryt he, from Rowchawfolde t o t he bemeland, in
Newdygat e and Charlewode, t o hold during her n atural l ife, incon sideration and fu l l recompen se of her join ture and dower. To
his wife t he water m il l on t he said river,an d t he Myl l fylde on t he
east side of t he same ; his m essuage cal led Rolfes and Henn ies, in
N .,which he purchased of John Kempe. [Here fol low o ther
passages al ready given in p . 243 ] To his son Wal ter al l his landsand ten em en ts
,cal led the Berelande
,S t rydeland,Sou t hlan de,Marles ;
three crofts an d a ten emen t in Charlewode cal led Newdygat es
crofts Edgelowfelde, in t he parish of Rowspar a m edow plotlying by Gotwycke hou se, now in tenu re of Robert Mat hewe ; a
garden plot cal led Pol lards garden , Kym ers m eade,an d a close
lying by Hales howse,within t he parishes of Nudigat e, Charl ewode,
and Rowspar. If he decease w ithou t issue,then t o testator’s
daughters Agn es and Venyse Newdygat e, equal ly t o be dividedbetween them
,an d so t o rem ayn e t o theyre heirs for ever. Al so t o
Wal ter reversion of lands in t he ten ure of Parn el l Mersey wydow,
known as C larkes lande,Horsey lande
,Dean elan de, Bachylers,
Rat fol d,and Hu rst
,in t he parishes of Newdygat e an d Capel l , w ith
t he sam e remain der as before. A l so t o his son Wal ter t he tenemen tcal led Cockman
’
s,which he purchased of on e John Wrigh t e,
remain der t o daughters as before. Executors t o pay within a yearafter t he death of Johann e Saunder wydow,
mother t o JohnWright, xxx . l i. in ful l satisfaction of the purchase of ten emen t cal ledCockman
’
s. And lastly I geve, wyl l and bequet he un to t he said
Wal ter al l t he x ij sylver spon es which were wyl led un to me byRichard N .
,myn e un cl e deceased. Residue whol ly t o his w ife
Agn es, whom he makes sole executrix and his welbeloved fryndes
Mr.
“
Edmund Saun ders esqu ire an d Thomas Eyer t he youngergen t . t o be overseers, with a legacy of XX51 apiece, besides their
264 APPENDIX.
reasonable expenses. Made in t he presence of Thomas Eyer,Wil l iam Saxbye, Rychard Mat hewe, an d John Kemp
,Robert
Butler, John Garden er, and other. [The word other i s erased, and
the name added of John Morgan , pson of Nudygat e. ] Proved7 Apri l , 15 7 6. (Or igin a l p aper copy, Surrey Archdeacon ry,compared with t he copy inserted in t he Inquisition as men tion edin p.
1590 . Wal ter Newdegate. The date on ly of his wil l is m en t ion ed byMr. Bray.
1612. Thomas Newdigate, of Newdigate, esqu ire, t o be buried in t he
parish chu rch of Newdigat e . To t he poor of Newdigate 4OS uponhis burial . To \Vest Newdigate, his loving n ephew,
el dest son of
his brother Richard Newdigate, al l his lands in Newdigat e, Capel l ,Rusper
,Charlwood, or el sewhere in Englan d. To his welbelov ed
brother Richard Newdigate 1001. To h is sister ElizabethFitch 1001. To his sister Mary Bou l ton 301. To Richard de laChambers, of Cambridge, g ,
en tlem an at t he request of my m otherHatcher, 1001. To my el dest daughter Mary Newdigate 10001,t o my daughter An n e Newdigate 10001, t o be paid at theil mar
riages or attain ing 21. To my n ephew Richard Newdigat e, secon d
son of my brother Richard, 201 at 2 1. To my n iece Elizabeth,daughter of my said brother
,201 at marriage or 21. To my loving
m other Jan e Hatcher five marks in mon ey, t o buy a ring. To my
godchil d Thomas Mon chast er 305 for a ring. To Wil l iam Symon es
my servan t,20 5 . My brother in law Mr. John Chesterton ,
and
my sister Ann e,his wife
,an d my loving kin sman George El l iot,
gen tleman , t o have t he tu ition and govern an ce of my two daughters,“t o bring them upp in l earn ing and good educacion ,
with an
al lowan ce of 201 yearly. Wes t Newdigat e t o be fu l l and sol e
executor. John Chesterton an d George El l iot overseers, with a
ring of 2OS value t o each . To my kin sman Thomas E ll iot on e
other ring of 20 3. Witn esses, Thomas El l iot and Jan e Hatcher.Codicil .
—VVest Newdigate n ot t o en ter in to landes un til 21, bu tprofits t o be retain ed by Chesterton and El l iot they al so t o havecharge of his education as of t he daughter .Proved 12 March
,1612. Wil l and codicil del ivered in t he
Court ofWards,2 Feb . 1618 . (H.III Cour t of P roba t e, Cap el
1635 . Adm inistration of t he property of Hen ry Newdegate, late of
Ash t ed,co . Surrey, gen t. Commission t o Thomas Hun t
,of Gray’
s
In n,is sued last day of Ju ly, 1635 . (Surrey Admin istra t ions,
A. 114 b.)A register of t he Archdeacon of Surrey, n ow preserved in H.M. Cou rt
of Probate,furn ishes t he fol lowi ng w il l of an inhabitan t of
Newdegate, at once simple and characteristic of t he period of i t s
composition“In Dei nomin e Amen . XIJ die m en sis Decembris Ao Doi
MOcccc lxxxvt o. Ego Johann es Vern est compos m en tis eger t am en
in corpore condo t estamen tum meum in hunc modum . In prim is
266 APPENDIX.
1567 . The V“1 daie of Aprill was Buried George Newdigat , son of
Thomas Newdigat , gen t.Mr. Richard Bowet
,bu ried t he second of February [1567
1577 . John Newdigat , sonn e of Walter Newdigat , was Bapt ized t he3rd daie of November .
15 79 . Maria Newdigat , daughter of Walter Newdigat , gen t , was
Bapt ized ye daie of April l . 11580 . John Newdigat , sonn e of Mr Walter Newdigat , was Buried
t he 14 th day of May, 1580 .
158 1. Thomas Newdigate, t he sonne of Wal ter Newdigate, gen t , wasbaptized at Dorking t he six and twen tieth day ofMarch.
2
1582. Richard Newdigate, sonn e of Wal ter Newdigate, gen t , was
baptized t he 24111 day of Januarie.
1583. Agn es Newdigat was Buried ye 13111 of Jun e.
3
1584. Ann e Newdigat e, daughter of Wal ter Newdigate, gen t , wasbaptized t he on e and twen tieth day ofMarch.
1587 . Elizabeth Newdigate, t he daughter of Wal ter Newdegate, wasBaptised t he 12111 daie of Jun e.
1589 . Item t he 29111 day of March,J .
1
Newdigat , The son n e of M“
\Val ter Newdigat , was stil l borne and Buried t he sam e day»15 90 . M1
‘Wal ter Newdigat was Buried The 10111 day of August, 1590 .
1591—2. John Hatcher, gen e
”.
Jan e Newdigate, VVydowe1607 . West Newdigat , son n e of Richard Newdigat , gen t. was Baptized
were married ye 5111 of January.
name (we may presum e) was Ven etia. Bray in his pedigree names her
Un ice, giving her for a hu sband Thomas El liott. There are Eliots in
t he Newdegat e reo ist er ; and Blan ch, wife of Thomas El iot, was
buried 12 Feb. 1591
7—8 . Bu t t he hu sban d of Venyse was probably of
gen tle birth . In a mansion at Godalm ing, belonging t o t he Elliotfam ily, on a chimn eypiece were t he arms of Ell iot, Argen t, a fess or ,
w ith a crescen t for differen ce ; impaling Newdegate.—Jl[ann ing and
Bray, i . 648 .
1 Thomas Bolton , gen tleman (see under t he year was n ot
improbably t he hu sband of Mary Newdigate, baptized in 15 79, who
m arried a Bol ton . He may have been a n ative of Newdegate, as
Thomas Bol ten,sonn e of Richard Bolten ,
”was baptized there 23 Fe
1578—9, not many weeks before Mary Newdigate . The baptism s of
other children of Richard Bol ton occur—John in 158 1, Margaret in1584
, an d Al ice in 1585 . Al so Joan e, daught er of John Bolton , in1580 .
2 This baptism is also duly regist ered at Dorking, bu t I have searchedt he register of that parish w ithou t finding other Newdigates.
3 The widow of Thomas Newdigate, who died in 1556 (see p.
t he 23111 day of June,1607 , in t he parish church ofArlington , in
t he coun ty Of Sussex.
1607 . An n e Bolt on , daught er of Thomas Bolton , gen e“, was Baptizedt he 19111 day of Julye, 1607 .
1608 . Marye Newdigat , daughter of Thomas Newdigat (generosiinser ted) was Baptized 15 111 day of September
,
1609. Richard Newdigat , sonn e of Richard Newdigate, gene”
,was
Baptized t he 29th day of Novembl'
,1609.
1611. Margaret a fil ia'
Thomae Newdigate Arm igeri n at a n onO die
Sept embris bapt izat a fuit sex to die Oct obris Anno Dom . 1611.
Thomas Newdigate sen :gen tl e’
was bu ried Novemb.
Margaret, ye daughter of Thomas Newdigat e, Esq“,was buried a t
Dorkinge Decemb.
1612. Thomas Newdigate, Esqm‘
,was buried februa:
1612—13. Ann e, t he daughter of Thomas Newdigate, Esqu ior, wasbaptized Janua 17°2
1614. Fraun cis, t he daughter of Richard Newd igate, Gen t : was
baptized AprilFraun cis, y
e daughter of Richard Newdegat e, Gent: buIiedApril
1616. Margaret, the wife ofHen rie Dorrel l, was buried August,
1618 . Mr. Hen rie Darrel l Esq°r was buried Ju lyHen rie, t he sonn e of Richard Newdigate, Gent : was baptizedSept emb :
1620. Mr. George Dorrell was buried May 26°
Mr. Richard Newdigat e, Gen t’, was buried Marti) 3 [16201621. John Hatcher, Gen t’,4 was buried Janua:1627 . Fran cis Hatcher, ofAsh t ed
,was buried Jun ’
12.
1631. M“51 Jane Hatcher, Widdow,was buried April
268 NEWDEGA’I‘E OHUROH
NEWDEGATE CHURCH : ITS RECTORS AND
REGISTERS .
BY MAJOR HEALEs,F.S.A .
F the origin of the n ame of Newdegat e I am n ot
aware that any probable derivation has been suggested : even its exact topographical situation seems tohave been formerly doubtful ; that is to say , as to whatsubdivi sion of the coun ty it was to be foun d in , thoughit is n ow settled that on e part of t he parish , called The
Hamlet,” i s in t he Hun dred of Reigate, an d t he rest i s in
the Hun dred of Copt horn e an d Eflingham :1
and event he geographical boun daries of the parish were un settledu n til a comparatively recen t period ; for we fin d, at t heen d of t he Parish Register Book, an en try made in theyear 1634 , by a cautious rector, to preven t any suchquestion s or any rights bein g compromised by his ad
mittin g a parishion er to receive t he Holy Sacramen t atEaster in his church . It run s thus
An . Dom . 1634 . Mart. 12.
Be it kn own t o al l men by these p’
sen t s That I John But cherdwel l inge in a certain ten em en t of w eb Question hath ben e made
m any yeeres whether i t l ie Lin Charl ewood or Newdegate, f isn ot ye t decided, upon graun t f l eave given m e 6 t o my fam il ie1“
f t o receyve ye Sacram en t at Easter n ex t for this on e
time at ye parish Chu rch of Newdigate yt ye sam e may n ot be
pjudicial l t o y‘3 parish of Newdegate for ye time t o come 6
do con fesse yt I have ye said l ibert ie for this time by leave f
1 Man nn an d Bray, vol . i i. p . 169 .
in wit nesse hereof I have hereun t o set m ine hand ye day (it yeereabove written .
BUTCHER
his marke.
JOHN
Wit nesse at ye signing hereof
JOHN WILLET
h is marke.
WILLIAM BATOHELOUR
Then follows an other n ote in con tinuation ; signed andattested as before
9
Also ye said Chr Butcher desired leave for himselfe f familie t o come
t o ye Sacrament at VVhi t son t ide, 1636.
There is a similar memoran dum to preven t the parishfrom being compromised or prejudiced by leave givenfor the two n ext Commun ion s from April 16, 1641 - therubrical min imum of three per an n um being probablyborn e in min d . An d in t he Burial Register is an en trythat “ John Butcher of Charlewood (as it hath beenaccoun ted for m any yeeres) by leave was buried April19 , an d still earlier certain addition s to theusual form of en try appear to have been made with thesame object .
1626. Marie t he daughter of M1" Wil l iam Young ofHarfold was byleave baptized Jun : 28 .
John t he sonn e of Robert Taylour of Capel l was by leavebaptized Februa. 9 .
An d some subsequently in similar words .In gran ts made by Kin g Hen ry VIII . , the parish is
called Newdygat e in l e Wylde, or le Welde,1 i .e. the
Weald .
n ot appear, but towards the end of the 12 th cen tury theRectory appears to have been given to the Priory ofSt . Mary Overee, Southwark, by Ham elin Earl Warren ,
or probably was gran ted by his predecessors an d con
firmed by him . This fact we learn from the followingdocumen t,
2 of which the origin al is still preserved inthe British Museum .
Carta H. Com. Waren , Monachis de Sewret , de capella de Nudigat e.
Hamel inu s Comes Waren ie Rober to Arch idiacono Surreie 3 p . decan o
salu tem. Mando vobis atqu e precor quatenu s dimi t t at is priorem3 can on icos san ct e marie de Suwerch In pace ten ere elemosin am
meam 3 An cessorum m eorum sci licet capel lam de n iudegat 3
priOI i in terdico n e in placitum ingrediret ur sin e m e, qu ia
predict am elemosinam eis garen t izare debeo.
Hamelin was a n atural son of Geoffrey, Earl ofAnj ou ,and in 1163 married Isabel, on ly daughter of the secondWilliam Earl Warren , whereby he acquired that dign ityand its estates . He died in 1210 , having survived hiswife , who died inIt will be observed that the documen t i s addressed to
R . the Archdeacon , an d P . the Dean , n ot by their n ames ,but on ly by in itial of each n ame . Robert was the n ameof the Archdeacon of Surrey from about 1130 toA comparison of these dates fixes that of the documen t as between the years 1163 and 1 17 1 . But a di thculty arise s from the fact Of its bein g also addressed toP . the Dean , in asmuch as Win chester was a PrioryChurch , an d had n o dean un til after the dissolution oft he Priory, which occurred in 1538 ; an d in the followin gyear the Kin g gran ted a charter establishing a n ew
chapter an d society, con sisting of a dean an d twelvepreben daries . 5 On t he other han d, the documen t itselfhas every appearan ce of gen uin en ess . Mr . Nichols suggests that by “ the Dean ” may be mean t the Rural
1 Brayley, His t . of Surrey, vol . iv . p . 28 7 .
2 Cot ton MSS ., Nero III.
,fol . 18 1.
3 Dugdal e’
s Baronage, vol . i . p. 7 6.
Dugdale’
s 111on as t icon,v ol . i . p . 703.
5 Le Neve,p . 288 .
272 NEWDEGATE CHURCH
Altar ; and in t he King’ s Books , dated 1535 , t he livingis valued at £ 8 . 18 s . 4d . t he tithes , con sequen tly, bein g1 7s . 10d .
In ecclesiastical edifices Of large dimen sion s , we veryfrequen tly find a variety of styles of architecture ; but,in on e s o small an d unpreten ding as this, we do n ot
expect to meet with a series of examples illustrativeof t he several periods in to which it i s customary, forthe sake of conven ien t clas sification , to divide Gothicarchi t ecture .
By the accompanyin g groun d- plan , it will be seen thatt he Church con sists of a n ave an d chan cel ; a south aisle ,t he en d of which has been u sed as a chan try ; a vestryan d south porch towards the west end of the aisle an d atimber framework tower at the west en d of the n ave .
52
The in tern al dimen sion s are as follows
Tower 17 5 x 216
\Vest wal l 3 2
Nave x 17 9
Aisl e x 7 3
Chan cel x
Extrem e in tern al 73 9 x 27 9
The earliest part,so far as can be seen , is t he chan cel ,
which date s from towards t he latter part of t he tw elft hcen tury . At t he east end i s a triplet of detached lan cets ,tha t in t he cen tre bein g t he largest ; all widely Splayedan d perfectly plain : in each side-wall i s a similar singlelan cet . It is n ot very easy to say whether their heads areroun d or poin ted ; but such a doubt n o t un common lyari ses in respect to win dows of the period of tran sitionfrom t he Roun d- arched or Norman , t o t he Early Engl ishor Poin t ed style . These, however, rather appear to beround , an d may date a little earlier than the tran sitionperiod . They presen t n o other feature by which theirdate can more certain ly be fixed . The arch betweenchan cel an d n ave is also semicircular - headed, but
1 Liber Regis, p . 95 7 .
2 There is a fair n orth-west view of t he church in Cracklow’
s SurreyChurches .
274 NEWDEGATE OHUROH
lan cets,rather than on e win dow . This part of the
building is called the Cudworth Chapel , an d belongs tot he own ers of the man or of Cudworth , which i s situatedabout two mile s to the east of the Church .
An arch has been dug out of the base of the wall formingt he east en d of the n ave arcade an d the south pier of t hechan cel arch ;
1 at what period in , or subsequen t to thefourteen th cen tury, it i s difficult to determin e . But amore unwise step , and on e more directly ten ding to t hedestruction of t he fabric, could scarcely be devised . Itl eaves t he upper par t of that importan t portion of t he
structure resting chiefly on a weakarch , an d , were n ot t he walls verym assively con structed , they must havegiven way. The object of this illadvised alteration was to open up acomplete view of the east en d of t hechan cel from the Cudworth Chapel
,
through t he mean s of a hagioscope .
On t he south side of the n ave,
open in g t o t he aisle, are two archesof late PeIpen dicu lar date ; but t heI eseems fair groun d for supposing thatt here may have been an origin al southaisle . The cen tral pillar i s circulaI
an d very massive , such as on e m ightexpect to fin d in a building datin gfrom tran sition to , or quite Earlv
English . Its capital , with late mouldings , i s an awkwardly-fit t ing octagonan d , in the respon ds , it will be n otedthat they are semi- octagon al, withcaps clumsily adapted to recessed
Oarches . In t he Shaft of t he circular
up an d base of NaveRegp ond , l lar are In c i sed a n umber of marks
of a similar character to those atAlfold and Godalmin g, which are shown by Mr . Nevill,in an illustration of his paper upon the former of these
1 See ground plan .
IARKS CUT IN WEST PIER OF NAVE.
rhs are reduced on e-ha lf, t he ot her two are one-t hird t he s ize
0f t he or iginals.
276 NEWDEGATE OHUROH
n early perfect ; the rest i s made up with fragmen ts ofearlier date of bordure pattern s , an d also comprising acoat of arms of the Newdegate family , and some goodquarries .1 The arms an d some other parts are clumsilyrese t , with the wrong face outwards .
STAINED GLASS IN NAVE WINDOW.
On e-half sca l e.
Aubrey,
2 whose work waspublished in 1 719 , speaks ofthree eagle ’ s claws , in mistake for t he Newdegate threelion ’ s gambs . He also statesthat in t he east win dow ofthe chan cel were three sharpescutcheon s of t he Warrenarms , and the same in a.
south win dow ; an d in an
o ther south win dow threechevron el s gu .
,Clare an d Tunbridge . Mann ing an d
Bray3
(published 0 . 1809) men tion several other coatsas then remain ing . Now, there i s .but that men tion ed ,of the Newdegat es . We are thus en abled to trace thedestruction of an tiquities arisin g from simple n eglect .The win dow- cill s are sten cilled wi th alternate fleurs
de- lis an d roses, in a simple but effective diaper . The
orn amen t at the head of the presen t Paper is on e of thefleurs -de- lis .On t he wall , a little to the west of thi s win dow, and
n early facing the south or prin cipal en tran ce to the
On e of these is represen ted in Franks’ vol ume on Quarr ies, pl. 35 .
Aubrey’
s His tory of Surrey, vol . iv . p. 263 .
3 Mann ing and Bray, vol . i i . p . 17 7 .
l
2
278 NEWDEGATE CHURCH
The tower, placed at the west end of the n ave , i s buil tof timber, and supplies an adm irable example of framin g .
The acceptan ce , for building , of material readily available,in stead of sen ding to obtain it from a dis t an ce, i s a charac t eris t ic of mediaeval builders, and especially advan
t ageous where it happen ed that the material at han dwas that with which the local workmen were bes tacquain ted . Thus in this district, aboun ding wi t hmagn ificen t timber but very deficien t in good buildingston e, timber, exclusively, was , as in this in stan ce,applied to the con struction of the tower. The samecause led to the building of similar towers in part ofthe coun ty of Essex,
1an d less frequen tly in certain other
localities ; whilst in some coun ties destitute of forest,n othing but ston e was used .
The tower of Newdegate Church con sists of threeSquare stories , surmoun ted by an octagon al Spire, and
having an aisle runn ing roun d the groun d- story, an d
prac t ically serving as buttressing . The total height oft he tower and Spire is about 60 feet . The four greattimbers on which the tower rests are 17 in ches square ,an d stan d upon slabs of wood placed upon the groun d .
The arran gemen t of the framing, as will be seen fromMr . Nevil l ’s excellen t drawing, i s very in gen iously con
t rived and admirably executed, t he best proof of which
is furn i shed by the fact that the whole structure i s still ,n otwithstan ding the great strain n ecessarily caused byfrequen t ringing of t he peal of five bells, as firm an d
substan tial as when erected , probably n early 4 00 yearsago . The flooring
,on ly
,of the upper stories has been
allowed to decay .
The bells are men tion ed in t he will ofAlice, widow ofThomas Newdegat e, dated in by which she left
1 Such as Margaretting, Stock, and Blackmore, which, though al l
differing, bear a strong fam ily resemblan ce t o that of Newdegat e. On e
at Moun tn essing is buil t up from within t he chu rch, as at Al ford, inthis coun ty—See Essex Archaeological Society’
s Tran sact ion s, vol . iv.
pp. 95—108 .
9 Man n ing and Bray, vol . 11. p. 17 1 : where the will was proved isn ot
' ‘
stated.
280 NEWDEGATE OHUROH
amples of the carving in front of the gallery are givenin the woodcuts at the en d of the section s relatingto the Church, the Rectors, an d the Registers .Eviden tly occasion ed by the alteration s which Mr .
Steere has recorded was an other, which he en t ers thus :
The two n ew w indowes yeon e again st ye pulpit, ye other again st ye
gal lerie were set up An°. Dom : 1627 at y6 charges of y°In
habitan ts 6 others together vsing lan d in ye parish .
GEORGE STEERE, Parson .
EDMUNDWALTER eEDWARD GARDENER, Chu rchwarden s .
These are plain dormer, or garret win dows of n o part icu lar character .The Commun ion - table may be of about this date . It
is perfectly plain , n early square, an d very small .The porch an d vestry, built of brick early in the
eighteen th cen tury, are as plain an d unpreten ding aspossible . The fon t, very likely, may be of the samedate , an d i s on ly fit for a sun dial- stan d .
III t he vestry i s an old chest hollowed (like Robin sonCrusoe’s can oe) out of a solid log probably
,it i s n ot of
very high an tiquity, but it affords n o mean s of determin ing its date .
Fin ally, something was done towards improving theappearan ce of the buildin g by a curate in charge
,who
wrote in the Register-book that
The parish church was repaired partly restored A.D. 1859—60 bySAML. M . MAYHEW
,C urate.
But this step appears not to have m et with the approvalof t he Rector, who , upon his return (as we may suppose) ,makes t he further n ote,
by his own authority, i .e. withou t 6 con trary t o t he sanction of
t he churchwarden s,
ARTHUR LEYDON, Rector.
The work referred to seems to have been chiefly thefillin g of several of the win dows with pattern -glass, insmall pan es of very various design s, but so in gen iouslyarranged that the gen eral effec t i s bright, and n ot
un succes sful .
The inven tory of the Church goods , taken on the 1 7thMay, 1553 , being the seven th year of Kin g Edwardstates that there were delivered to the warden s (RichardMisbroke an d Edmon d Tydi) a chalice weighin g 7 oz .,
an d a cope of crimson damask for the Commun ion - table .There remain ed in charge of the Commission ers to theking’s use, four bells in the steeple and a sacrin g bell .There had been previou sly sold copper gilt, weighing35 lb . ,
for 20d . , an d 1 1 lb . of brass an d latten for22d . Al l the rest of the orn amen ts were sold for l 0s .
There was received, in ready mon ey to the kin g’ s u se,
30s . 10d . , an d also twelve rings of silver, weighin g12 oz . The more on e looks to these inven tories , themore on e i s struck with the miserable mean n ess of thesesacrilegious tran saction s .But on e sepulchral memorial of any great an tiquity
I emairis z it is the matrix of the brass of a medium - sizedmilitary efli gy of t he Camail period, an d the Slab , stillcon tain ing a shield with t he Newdegate arms , lies in t hecen tre of the n ave floor. Very likely the brass was reftfrom its slab an d in cluded in t he 11 lb . weight of brassan d latten sold by the Commission ers at 2d . a poun d .
There i s in t he chan cel floor,n ear t he priest’s door, a
little brass plate with this in scription,headed by a skull
an d cros s -bon es
HERE LIETH YEBODY OF JOANE DAVGHTER OF THOMAS SMALLPEEOE
dz LATE YE WIFE OF GEORGE STEERE PARSON OF TH IS PARISH .
SHEE DIED DEC . 7 . AN. DOM. 1634 EXPECTETH A BLESSED
RESVRECTION.
Her burial , on the l oth December, i s recorded in theRegister book .
Towards the south-west of the nave pavemen t, un dera stove, i s a slab, which, fI om the few letters still legible,i s eviden tly t he memorial men tion ed by Aubrey
z as arough , free graveston e at t he west en d, with the In scrip
28 2 NEWDEGATE CHURCH
tion in capitals (i . e. Roman letters) Thomas Budgenobiit primo die Sept embris 167:
1
PANELLING IN GALLERY- FRONT.
THE RECTORS .
The early Rectors of Newdegat e do not seem to havewon for themselves any Special position ; but we mayfairly con clude that, con fin ed to their own secludedSphere of usefuln ess , their duty was usefully performed .
The Parish Register furn ishes a testimon ial, in t he fac tof its con tain in g very few records of immorality .
The earliest Rector of whom we find men tion was on eMatthew Bell , who was in stituted as Rector in 1313 .
On t he 19 th March , 1488—9 , William Goldesmyth wasin stituted to the Rectory ; an d on the 17 t h October followin g a clerk of the same n ame was in stituted to theRectory of St . Ben et Sherehog, Lon don ,
2an d both
livin gs being in t he presen tation of t he Priory an d
Conven t of St . Mary Overee, we may fairly con cludethat it was the same individual who received the twoappoin tmen ts .We may n ext refer to a secon d Matthew Bell, who
was in stituted to this living on 25t h October, 150 7 . Heappears to have been active an d popular, for we find hisn ame men tion ed in the WVills of several of his parishion ers . He was a witn ess to the Will of Thomas Newde
gate in 1516 ;3 to that of Thomas Symon ds in 1520 ;
4 to1 John and Wil l iam Budgen , Fel lows of Trin ity Col lege, Cambridge,
were tru stees u nder t he wi l l,dated in 1661, of George Steere, t he
Rector,and t he former was an attesting witn ess t o a codicil in t he
fol lowing year.2 Newcourt
’
s Rep er torium,vol . i. p. 304.
3 Archdeaconry of Surrey, p. 110,Mat t hewe.
4 Ibid ,141, do.
24 8 NEWDEGATE CHURCH
house which he had built upon part of hi s lan d, calledClarks ,
” “ for t he teaching of youn ge person s at an din the said schoolhouse , and n ot for a place of habitationfor any person s or person ,
”and to be main tain ed by t he
parish for such use ; an d he charges his other lan dswith an
r
ann ual paymen t of £ 6 . 13s . 4 d . for “ thecatechizing, teachin g , and in struction in reading
,write
i ng an d other good Learn in g, from time to time , successively, for ever, of fouI e youn g person s born e III the saidparish, son n es of godly pOOI e paren ts , an d that me
from any other deman ds for such their teaching an d
in struction .
” By some tran sposition of investmen t, theen dowmen t n ow amoun ts to £ 15 per an num , an d eighteenboys are taught .The testator left four messuages in t he town of Lewes,
to the inhabitan ts of that town for ever (charged withsome small life annuities) for the main ten an ce an d education of a fit person
,the son of poor godly paren ts in or
n ear the town especially the son n e of a godly pooremin i ster who hath truly laboured and en deavoured towin n e soules at Cambridge or Oxford for four years
,
an d others in succession in perpetuity the choice to bemade by the chief officers, an d four others of t he mostable inhabitan ts .He further charges his messuages an d lan ds , called
Blackbrookeland an d Scharn ehooke, at Dorkin g, with£ 10 per an n um in perpetuity, for the main tenan ce ofon e youn g person at Trin ity College, Cambridge , t hechoice , upon examin ation , to rest with the min i sters fort he time being, of Rusper, Ockley, Newdegat e, an d
Dorking, selectin g a can didate in Newdegat e in preferen ce ; an d, if n on e there su itable, then some on e withina compass of fifteen miles roun d .
After a number of small legacies, he leaves the wholeresidue of his property to his wife . By a codicil , madevery shortly before his death , he wishes that his“ lovin g frien d , Mr . Jon athan Westwood , of Capell, tohave the teaching of the school at Newdegat e, an d t he
Stypen t .
”
The Will and codicil were proved 19 th August, 1662,
In describing the boun dary of Clarks , there is m en
tion of its abuttin g on on e side upon lan d belonging toTrin ity College, Cambridge . This was eviden tly a pasturecalled Morelan d,
” or a ten emen t called Horslande ,”
with an in closure of sixty acres, gran ted for a long termby the King to Sir Edward Aston , kn ight,
2an d by him
con veyed to the College ;3 the paymen t of xxvj
s j“, composition
,appears in the following year
’s Min isters ’
Accoun ts .” 4“
Joan e , the rector’s wife, was the daughter of Thomas
Smal lpeece, an d the marriage was celebrated in t he
church of St . Saviour’s , Southwark, on 17 th April, 1611 .
She died 7 t h December, 1634 , as appears by a small inscription in brass in t he chan cel floor , n ear t he priest
’ sdoorway an d was buried on t he l 0 th December,as we learn from the Parish Register, which also in formsus that on the 13t h May, 1639 , th e Rector con soled himself by a marriage with Sarah , widow of John Bristow,
late Rector of Charlwood : the ceremony took place atthe church of Lin dfiel d, Sussex .
John Bonwicke , who succeeded Steere, was Rector in1600 . He made this n ote in the Register-book
1661. My Bro . Benjam in Bonwick of Reigate Gen t. Marie Rel ictofWm Woodman of y
esam e pish were married May 9
° 1661 .
He also n otes the birth , at Betchworth Castle, OII t he
7 t h , an d baptism on the 11 t h September, 1661 , of Philippa, daughter of George Bonwicke, Esq. , an d the LadyElizabeth, his wife . He was in stituted to Mickleham
286 NEWDEGATE CHURCH :
years previously, and i s commemorated by a graveston e
there . Whether he resign ed Newdegate on receivin gthe fresh appoin tmen t does n o clearly appear. He had adaughter n amed Philippa, baptized 0 11 1 st August,1662
, an d a SOII , n amed Augustin e, baptized 4 th January,1665 .
The early en tries in the Register-book up to 1580—1are Sign ed by lVil liam Faggar , Curate , join tly with thechurchwarden s . On e of t he en tries refers to t he burialof Edward Hill , min i ster, on 30 t h July, 1627 .
The n otes of collection s in 1670 are sign ed at t he footby John Salt, Curate , Cler
“; 1675 an d 1679 , Edward
Richards 1682 , Richard Digweed, Clers ‘
, who also m akesthis curious en try
Charles Son n of Robert Marden was bapt ized March ye 17 111 1683Richard Digweed then Curate an d w i t t n ess t o y
esaid Charles
w ith JOh : Mersh Churchwarden an d MW Cruden m idwife.
An noq; Domin i 1683.
1688 , Isaac Edge , Curate 1690 , F . Caryll , Curate ;1690—1
,William Colbron ,
Curate , whose son John , byhis wife Jan e , we learn from the Register, was buried inMarch
, 1699 .
There i s an en try in 1692, of t he birth on the 18 thApril, an d bap t i sm on the 3rd May , ofElizabeth , daughterof William Colbron , Curate, an d Jan e, his wife ; in 1693 ,of the birth 0 11 2n d, an d baptism on 27 t h February , oftheir daughter Rhoda ; an d 0 11 28 t h February, 1695 ,of t he birth of their son John , who , we subsequen tlylearn , was buried 0 11 t he 31s t March , 1699 .
From t he Wills of some o f t he Newdegate fam ily, referred to in Mann in g an d Bray,1 it appears that therewas an cien tly a chapel dedicated to St . Margaret, in t hechurchyard of Newdegat e . Thomas Newdegate, in14 82
, desires to be buried in this chapel ; an d it i s m en
t ion ed in the Wills of his son and gran dson , both n amedThomas, and un der the dates 1516 an d 1520 respect
1 Mann ing and Bray, v ol . II. pp . 172 and 17 6. The work om its t ostate where theseWil ls are preserved
,and they are n ot t o be m et with in
t he Ecclesiastical registries.
288 NEWDEGATE CHURCH
in verification of their correctn ess as copies . It is eviden t ly imperfect, for of baptisms in the first year thereare but two ; an d in the years 1563 an d 1564 it states“n othing foun d . There i s but on e marriage recorded
in the first year, but two in 1566, an d on ly seven in then ext n in e years . It st at es t hat four pages, con tain in gthe record of such even ts in 1580 an d 158 1 , were transcribed from an an cien t writing in 1612 ; and as to theyears 1593 , 1595 , 159 7 , an d 1598 ,
“n o weddings
but perhaps n on e were solemn ized, as we fin d explicitlystated in some subsequen t years ; e.g. ,
“No marriagesolemn ized in this Parish Church in y
e yere of our L‘I
God 1662 an d the same is recorded of the year1705 .
As i s so usually the case, the Register itself i s n ot
much more than a bare record of n ames an d dates ; and
the n ames bein g, with the exception of the Newdegat es ,an d perhaps on e may add, t he Budgen s, those of person sun distin guished, an d, in deed , unkn own , except in theirown n eighbourhood an d at their own period , theRegister does n ot n eed any very len gthy n otice . Therei s n o indication of the ecclesiastical system bein g overwhelmed by t he Puritan s at t he time of t he Commonwealth ; n o Civil Registrar appears to have beenappoin ted
,n or i s there any men tion of t he publication
of marriages,or their celebration before a magistrate ;
but in on e case, in 1653, it men tion s the presen ce of theparen ts of both parties , thus
1653. Hen rie Steere of Newdigat e 6 El izabeth Lu cas of Micklamwere maried Ju l . 13
,1653
, ye paren ts of both Parties being
presen t at their marriage giving their con sen t.
There are but few Christian n ames in dicating a Puritanten den cy, such as Christian , Bet hsabe,Moyses , Ephraim,
Grace , Su llam on , an d Erasmus , which do occur ; ofun common Christian n ames may be n oted, Adrian e ,Con n ias , an d Freweson or Fru san , all females ; an d
Hen dry (n ot infrequen t) , an d Walsin gham (in four differen t families between 1580 an d males . . The
n ame Christopher is quite un usually frequen t in t he
scarcely fail to conn ect it with the pain ting whichformed so promin en t a decoration of the Church .
Newdegate appears to have been a favourite place atwhich to be married . In the last quarter of the sevent een th cen tury (at which time it was here very usual toadd the parish of the bridegroom and bride) weddings ofperson s, n either of whom were residen ts in thi s parish,were frequen t .The loyalty of John Bonwick (then Rector) crops ou t
in a n ote of the coron ation
AnnoqyRegis seren iss. Carol i 211,12mo King Charles ye Second was
Crown’
d at Westm in st r Die SS‘Georgii , Aprilis 23°Anno dhi
1661 whom God graun t long t o reigne.
One would think he felt a relief to in dulge in the learn edtongue without fearing a cry from some Roundhead succes sor of Cade 1
Away with him, away wit h him he speaks Lat in .
The en tries relatin g to rectors an d curates we havealready adverted to .
There are,of course, a series of en tries relating to
members of the Newdegate fam ily, beginn ing with thebaptism of Ffin es , daughter of Thomas Newdigat , in
November, 1560 (which is the secon d en try in the book) ,and to which Mr . Nichols refers in his Paper upon theNewdegate family (an t e, p . many of these en trieshave been traced over with ink for t he sake of preservation where the writin g was becomin g fain t .Beside that family
‘
an d the Budgen s , there i s but on een try relatin g to any person bearin g a title, an d thatowes its position to person al frien dship . The en try i sas follows
Margaret Daught er of my mo. hond. Friends 6 Ben efact . Colon el lAdam Brown e e ye Lady Phili ppa his wife was Born e at t
Betchworth Castle Decris 18 e Baptized t heere (in Fest . Set i
Stephi Prot omart is) 26 Decembris An n e dI'
i i 1661 .
JOHS. BONWICHE.
290 NEWDEGATE CHURCH
Sir Adam Brown e, of Betchworth, Bart . ,1 was member
of Parliamen t for Surrey ; his wife was the daughter ofSir John Cooper, of Wimbourn , Dorset, Bart . Theyhad on e son , who died unmarried in 1688 , and an on lydaughter and heiress . On the death of Sir Adam i n
1690 , the baron etcy became extin ct . Lady Brown esurvived, an d died 20 t h May, 1701, aged 7 7 , an d
i s commemorated by an in scription in MicklehamChurch?Of the surn ames , a larger proportion than usual are
un common— such as Ashefol d, Bozyer or Bosier , Broumfield
, Oatlan d, Chewn ings , Cypress, Dill , Drakeford ,Edome, Gryffin , Harryden , Hichest , Isem onger , Jakman ,
Kewingt on , Labye, Lowedel l , Machin , Palueke , Riehbel l ,Ridam s or Rodam s , Smal lpeece, Vel vecke,Wigglesworth ,an d Yarn er ; but al l of these are n ow extin ct in t he
parish ; an d a less n umber which rem ain in the parishor n eighbouring district— such as Burstow, Elliot
,
Evered, Larken , Naldre t or Nalder, Napper, Quiddingt on ,
Sn elling, Worsfield, an d Woodyer .3 Bristow orBurstow,
Misbroke, and some others, are Simply n amesof n eighbourin g l ocalities .Of n on con formists there are extremely few n oted . In
1696 i s the en try of birth on 8 t h July of a female childof Robert Ede, a dissen ter ; on 28 th November in t he
following year, of a male child of Thomas Houn dsom ,a
Quaker ; an d in 1701 i s n oted the burial, at Reigate, oft he same Thomas Houn dsom , Quaker . In the sameyear it states that Hen ry Wheeler, labourer, a Quaker,died here , and was buried at Capel .In 1660 i s recorded t he marriage of Robert Tailour ,
aged 72 years , with Agn es Foster, aged 70 .
Amon g the m i scellan eous memoran da at t he end oft he book, such as those relatin g to the alteration s in t heChurch, an d to the boundary question , we may add thelist of collection s so frequen tly thus preserved . Thus ,
1 His n ame does n ot appear in t he Army List s of t he Roundheadsand Caval iers in 1642
,edited by Mr. Peacock.
2 Man n ing and Bray, vol . ii . p. 661.
3 I am indebted t o t he Rector for t his informat ion .
292 NEWDEGATE CHURCH.
M.A., the Rector, by whom every facility and assistan ce have been ren dered . The Society i s again in debtedto Ralph Nevil l , Esq. , for the an astatic drawings withwhich this Paper i s illustrated ; v iz . , the picturesqueexterior view of the Church an d the elaborately prepared sections and plan s of the timber tower .
PANELLING IN GALLERY-FRONT.
NOTES ON THE FIGURE OF ST . CHRISTOPHER .
BY JOHN GREEN WALLER,ESQ.
INCE the publication of my paper upon the wallpain ting of St . Christopher at Newdigat e Church ,
several n otes have been forwarded to me by MajorHeales , an d I have con sidered, that someaddition al remarks, embodying these may n ot be nu
acceptable .At page 59 , I had stated my impres sion , that these
figures were gen erally shown as movin g from right toleft , an d I could on ly produce on e example, that at
Ludgvan , to t he con trary . But I find an other instance at Gawsworth , in Cheshire ; an d it may bethat the rule was , that if the pain ting was executedupon the n orth wall, as mostly the case, it would be asstated, but if on the south, it would be reversed ; t hereason doubtles s being that the Sain t was invariablyrepresen ted as movin g towards the east
,the altar
an arrangemen t which would be agreeable to the Spirit
294 NOTES ON THE
behin d t he altar . In thi s instance, however, the position in which it i s placed i s not for the ready an d
gen eral ven eration of t he people , but rather on accoun tof the church being in part dedicated to the Sain t .Either in Fran ce , or in Belgium , I have seen a largepain ted wooden figure of St . Christopher in low relief,but I regret to say I have n ot foun d my n otes whichwould give t he locality . Large statues of St. Christopherexist at t he Cathedral of Auxerre , Fran ce , and also inthat of Erfur t , in Germany ; but of what material I amun able to state , but possibly of wood . An other, remarkable for its bein g stated to be of the actual size of theSain t, calculated from some of his bon es brought toEnglan d in 14 70 , i s in t he Church of S . Maria dellaPieta, at Ven ice
1 III t he Cathedral of Mi'
m st er, in
TVes tphal ia, i s a ston e statue of t he Sain t fixed at thenorth east an gle of the tran sept . It i s n ot of early date,possibly of the first quarter of the seven teen th cen tury .
The staff here given i s a mere wan d , foliated at t heapex . This reduction of the usual size and character oft he ragged staff may be occasion ally foun d in earlyexamples , as , for in stan ce , at Fritton , in Suffolk .
There i s a pain tin g of St . Christopher, associated withthe figure of St . George, by Roger de Bruges, which i sso far worthy of remark, that this latter sain t wasan other popular on e, especially in Englan d, being itspatron . One of the most common subjects of our wallpain tings is of St . George con quering t he Dragon : avery rude example was recen tly found at Fin ch ley, Middlesex an d on e at Dartford , Kent, i s well known . Thelegen d is of a similar clas s to that of St . Christopher,being clearly mythical, an d the result of teaching byapologue an d symbols . On e of the latest i n stan ces ofthe subject of St . Christopher is that by Ruben s , atAn twerp Cathedral
,—a curi ous commen tary, among
others , of the force of popular views lon g after discredit has been thrown upon them . For both RomanCatholic writers, as well as those of the Reformation ,1 Dict ionnaire cri t ique des Religues et des Images . Par J. A. S. Col l in
de Plan cy. 8 vo. Paris, 1821, vol . i. p . 146.
296 NOTES ON THE
proceeds that a certain figure of St . Christopher,holding and bearin g Jesus, Should be pain ted in theaforesaid Church where best an d most fi t ly it can bedon e .” 1 The last clause probably mean t in such aplace where it could be best seen .
The distich given at p . 64 i s often varied verbally,but n ot so as to alter its in ten tion . Certainly the mostcurious of these i s that foun d upon a bell in ShapwickChurch , Dorset, by the Rev . J . J. Raven, of GreatYarmouth :
Il lo n empe die nullo languore gravet urXt ofori SCI campanam quicunque t uet ur.
The efficacy of hon ouring the Sain t i s here even transferred to his bell . The labourer in the fields , hearin gt he sound of the bell of St . Christopher, would n ot fain tdurin g his toil . Such is the in feren ce .
The Rev . Lee Warn er has kin dly given me frommemory the followin g l in es in English
,which aecom
pan ied a figure of St . Christopher in the Church ofSedgeford , Norfolk, date about the end of the fourteen thcen tury . He does n ot vouch for absolute verbal accuracy, nor orthography, but that it i s substan tiallycorrect ; being in the vern acul ar makes it especiallyin teresting
\Vyth al l t hys world in hand,Thy dry staff withou ten let ,
Shal l beren l eavis in land,
Where thou it set .”
The referen ces to the legen d will at once be seen , forwherever we get the figure of St . Christopher, therewill be, in some fashion or other, the leaf-bearin g staff.In the Mun ster example this i s made particularly promin en t .In Horley Church
,near Banbury, Oxfordshire, an
example was foun d in which the staff was represented
Quandam imaginem de Sanct e Chris t ofer‘
o t enen t ein et port an t emJesum
,
‘
ubi melius et decen t ius fieri pot est,et depingi in prtedict a
ecclesia.
”
as breaking in twain under the superincumbent weight,and on a scroll from the mouth of the saint these wordswere deciphered
What art t hen t hat art SO be(vy) 1Bar I never so bevy t hynge.
”
The Saviour makes reply,
Yef I be bevy no wunder nys,For I am t he Kynge of blys.
These lines are similar to some in Latin at StokeBardolph, Norfolk, viz .
Parve Puer, quis t u, graviorem n on t olleravi,
Non m iran s Sis t u,nam sum qu i cunet a creav1.
This breakin g of the staff i s altogether new to me it i sn ot according to the legen d, an d was possibly an origin alidea of the artist
,a rare occurren ce . The work must
have been late in the fifteen th cen tury .
In t he will of William Philpot,of Godmersham, 14 74 ,
i s a referen ce to the existen ce of a figure of St . Christ Opher in Elmstead Church ; the will directing thatcertain seats Should be made from the place where St .Christopher Was pain ted, as far as the angle of the stonewall on the northern side of the same church . Thepainting exists no lon ger, bu t some of the seats remain .
1
Also in the will of Richard Shore,citizen and Alderman
of Farringdon Without, and Sheriff in 1505 , datedAugust, 1510, is another reference I bequeth
toward the making of a porche to the pi'
sshe church of
298 NOTES ON THE
The Sain t was popular with guilds and fratern ities .In Lambeth Church was a brotherhood under his patronage .
1 The description of the yeoman by Chaucer, alreadymen tion ed (p . suggests the probability of his havin gbeen a member of such an association . Amongst t hevaluable collection of silver plate in the museum of thelate Lord Lon desborough were three fin ely
-design edcovered cups on e dated 1593 an other similar in charact er may be assign ed to the same period ; an d thethird dated 1676 . They all belonged to a fratern ity ofArquebu ssiers at Gorichem - on - t he-Waal , and each ofthem i s surmoun ted by a figure of St . Christopher of thean cien t type? Chaucer ’s yeoman was an archer ; t hearquebussier was his successor in the history of arms ;and doubtless , in both cases , the charm of St . Christo
pher’
s protection origin ated t he custom . Represen tation s have occasion ally been foun d upon chalices inen amelled work as late as the seven teen th cen tury, bu tI should scarcely think this by any mean s common or ofany an cien t u se .
Besides the example 0 11 the bras s at Wyke, Han ts, toWilliam Complyn ,
which I have already men tioned, thereare two others, registered in Mr. Hain es
’ s man ual , atMorley Church , Derbyshire, which contain accessoryfigures of St . Christopher ; v iz . , on e to John St athum ,
Esq. , 1444 ; t he other to Sir Thomas St at hum , 14 70 .
Possibly other in stan ces of the figure as an acces sory toa mon umen t might be foun d either at home or abroad ,as in an example in the cathedral of Aix- la-Chapelle,date 1534 .
Mr. H . L . Phillips , a member of t he Surrey Archaeological Society, has commun icated a few in terestin g facts ,from which t he followin g passages are extracted . He
says In 1860 there stood n ear the parish church inBermon dsey Street
, an old wooden public-house, which ,besides in formin g the public that it was a House ofCall for Scotch Bakers
,
’ had for its sign the Fox and
1 Tan swel l’
s His tory of Lambeth, pp. 110—114 .
2 Engraved in Fairhol t ’s Ca t aIOguc, 1850, plate xvn .
300 NOTES ON THE FIGURE OF ST. CHRISTOPHER.
e and rosary, holdin g out over the water a lanternung to the end of a stick. The whole picture is surroun ded by a border of lotus - leaves.
”
(Church Review,
Jun e 21, Some of the above details are unusual .It is a curious coin ciden ce of the discovery of the
ring as above stated, close to the old Inn , but nothin gmore can be said of it . Many more smgular facts m ightprobably be foun d in illustration of t he worship of St .Chris t opher, if time permitted exten sive research .
THE PILGRIMS ’ WAYAS IT PASSES THROUGHTHE PARISHES OF GODSTONE AND TAN
BRIDGE.
BY SIR GEORGE GILBERT SCOTT, RA ,
F.A.S.
AYING lived for three years at the foot of thechalk hills in the parish of Tan dridge, in Surrey,
my in terest was excited by t he un certain tywhich existedas to the course taken by t he Pilgrims’Way through thatparish an d the parish of Godston e , an d I was led t odevote a little of my leisure time to its investigation .
The true course was kn own to t he westward, where itcro sses the back of what i s called White Hill ,
”an d to
the east, where it cro sses Titsey Park, an d a little distan ceto t he westward of it but the in terven ing space, of som e
four miles , seemed un certain ; and as the conjecturalcourse laid down by the ordnan ce survey passes main lythrough Slippery Gal t clay, it struck me as hardly likelyto be correct t he object in carryin g the read along t heescarpmen t of the chalk apparen tly being to keep it onfirm an d dry ground .
It is clear, however, that the old way varied much inits level ; for, while the kn own position s on White Hillare on the top of the Down s, those in Titsey Park are
at their foot ; both, however, are on t he Cha lk or Fires tone.
the road ; for, if it followed roun d the hills at any givenlevel , it would have become exceedingly circuitous .We kn ow that at Titsey it was at the foot of t he hills ,
an d for some distan ce to the westward the face of t hehills i s so steep as to be , to say the least, in conven ien tfor it to ascen d them . The lin e I have adopted fromvaried eviden ce, con tin ues at t he lower level till itapproaches t he promon tory formed by Tan dridge Hill ,which it gradually ascen ds, though n ot to its ful l height .After cro ssin g this hill, it descen ds in to t he deep reces swhich divides thi s promon tory from Godston e Hill , an d ,in win din g roun d its sinuosities, ascen ds the last-n amedhill almost at its back, in the depression leading tothe Caterham Valley ; an d, passing acros s the promentory formed by Godston e Hill comes out again to thefron t just beyon d it westward, an d a little further on
j oin s the portion of t he way which is well kn own in orn ear War Coppice , close to the camp (or other an cien tearthwork) in that wood, passin g OII from then ce at theback of VVlIit e Hill , n ear the Harrow Inn .
In some parts of this course the road is readily traced ;in one, it i s cut through by a vas t chalk- pit ; in an otherit i s still used as a road ; but, in others again , all tracesof it have van ished
,though the peasan ts tell you with
out hesitation that it passed that way . I have , in t heaccompanyin g map
,marked t he course which I think t he
road took, an d will n ow give t he argumen ts and eviden ceson which I have foun ded my Opin ion .
In sketching (in red lin es) the imagin ed course of thePilgrims ’Way, I have adopted that already shown in t heordn an ce survey from the west of Map to A, an d fromK to east of Map . Of the former, I had obtain ed indepen den t eviden ce from Willey Farm to A, an d of thelatter , I had in depen den tly arrived at (about) the poin tK . From A to K I have ven tured to adept a differen tl in e . My groun ds are as follows :Iwas made acquain tedby Mr . Caesar Win ter, who works the san d- quarry inGodston e village
,with a man who professed to kn ow
THROUGH GODSTONE AND TANDRIDGE. 303
the true course of the road . By him (or by both) I wasassured that the Pilgrims ’ Road passed through thegroun ds of Woodlan d House , but had been obliteratedwhen t hese groun ds were laid out . He walked with methrough Upwood Scrubs to the brow of hill at E, n earwhich he began to poin t out the road in patches, butin tersected by chalk-pits , especially acros s t he ploughedfield from A to chalk-pit B , and also from C to D . Iafterwards thought I traced it from D to E, through t hecopse . The same man (corroborated afterwards by aman who works in chalk-pit above Godston e quarry)
1
assured m e that t he existin g read up the opposite slopeof Tan dridge Hill, from G to H , was a part of it ; an d
that in the in terval it passed somewhere beneath Win der’ sHill? An other wholly indepen den t witn ess told me thatit emerged from Upwood Scrubs , n ear F .
Here I must leave my witn esses , and take a course ofmy own for they took i t for gran ted that , on reachingthe wood on Tan dridge Hill , at H , t he l oad con tinued ,as at presen t , roun d t he back of t he wood . This struckme as impossible, as i t would lead so high In the hill asto seem i n con sisten t wi t h its descen ding
D
again to TitseyPark . I was at the time too unwell to go up this hill,but , aft er viewing it Often from below, I told my son
(who had investigated the matter with me) that Iwas sure he would fin d a trace of the road throughthe wood from H . He explored this , an d to our grea tin terest foun d the clear lin e of t he old road, with itshedge- row trees remain in gg
,but
.
its course grown overwith bushes , from H to I ; t he latter poin t being justabove “The Dell ,
”at t he Side of Tan dI idge Hill
b
Lane .
Nothing can be clearer than this lin e of road, though toothickly overgrown to allow of on e ’s walking actuallyalong it : there is a modern path just above it, from
1 I think his n ame is Atkins ; he lives in one of t he cot tages n ear2 The course below Winder’s Hil l t o F is ObscuI e, and i t is possibl ethat it may have avoided t he deep de l l t o t he west of that hill .VOL. VI. X
which it i s readily seen all alon g .
1 From I the course i sless marked , ye t there seems some indication of a lin e ofpossible road leading acros s t he fields , towards K,
where I believe indication s are kn own to exist .
1 I think n o one who wou ld take t he trouble t o fol low this old roadthrough t he wood can fai l of arriving a t t he sam e. con cl us ion t o myse lf
i t was t he more. con vinc ing, as I had, before find ing i t t o ex ist,come t o
t he conc lu s ion that i t m us t be there .
These 4 Coates confirmed and t he C reas t graun t ed by Robert Cooke Clarencieuxt o Richard Cariqu e of Barton on t he Hill
,in y
ecou nty of Glouc . gen :sonn e and
he ire t o Richard Carique of Tewxbery, in ye county of Glene ., gen t , and of Mary
his wife, y
° daugh t : of Anthony Harecourt , of Leicestershire. Dat 25 Jan .
a° 1588, et 31 El izabethae.
Rie'
us Carique dc'
I‘ewxbery in com
Maria fil ia An thonii.Hai ecourt de com
Gl euces t gen em su s Leicest riae
Rie'
ns Carique Henricu sde Burton on fi lm vxor Carique
t he Hl l l in Palmer Cape tan ei de
com G lene. Moody Chipingfi l ius et Nor t on
in com
Oxon fi lius 2
l Francisci
Bridges deShi l lingleigh
in com
The Armes and Creas t were ratified and confirmed t o bee auncien t Armes andCrest appertayn ing t o the Buckles as appeareth by a. Patten t given t o Sr CuthbertBuck le K t Lord Mayor of London, by Rober t Cooke alias Clarenceux K ing of
Armes, under h is hand and scale 29 January a°1579.
miram.
Richardus Tum or de E l izabetha fi l ia,Was tm ins t er in corn Ducke t t de com
M idd Leices t :
Robert us 2 Johann es HieronommTurnor 3 Richardus Turnor defi l ius e t 8 .p . Cam erwe l l
in com
Surr:m iles a°
ob:
in com
fi l ius e t
A l uc'
a
fi l ia
e t bwr
Jo l i’
l s
Vuder
downe de
In su la
E l l Zme t havxor
Hieron im iPalm er
de
lVes t m in st er.
Given by ThomasWryothesl ey al’s Garter and Thomas Ben ol t al
’
s Clarenc’ K ing
of Armes t o John Pett ofLondon gen t 9 September 1519 11 H 8 .
Am inab Cowper Dorot hey da:and coheirs
de London of Godhelpe of
Cobham in com Surrey
Godhelpe Cowper Susan‘
da. of
de Cobham in Henry Best ofcom Surr:son an d M idd leton on
heirs a° 1623 com Yorke vxor 2
God elpe Henry CowperCowper 2 son
sons and heire 2 years old1623
Kc nelmus“71 igl i t Margareta fil iade Kempton i n \Vo t t on de
com G loucest . Kemberton .
Rob’
t us Jocosa t Cla'a Joh ’nes Wrigh t\Vrigh t fil ia fi l ia de Kembertonde Gay de a
° 1623.
Kemb’
t on K embertonfil ius e t
haeres.
fil iae dune
INDEX TO VOL. VI.
A.
Abbot’s Hethe and Abbot’s Dean e,etym ology of, 138
Addy, J on a Rom an vil la at Bedd ingt on ,
1 18
Ai l swel l, etymology of
,138
Al dberyes , etym ology of, 138
Al fold , accoun t of t he vi l lage of, 1 8
Al fold, an cien t pos ses sors of t he man or
an d advowson , 13Alfold Chur ch , history of, 1 1 ; re s t ora
tion ,fi b early work in ,
12 ; characterof architecture , ab bel l -turret of
,14
be l l s in d itto ,1 6 wal l -paintin g i n
,ab
inventory of church goods , fab m on u
m en ts in , 17 ; parish registers , ahaccoun t of t he v il lage , 18 ; in cised
m arks on an arch in t he church,19
Alfol d , etym ology of, 12
Al leyland s, etym ology of,132
An drewe ’
s Croft, etym ol ogy of, 139
An glo-Saxon Cem etery at Beddington ,
122
Anglo -Saxon Cem etery a t Fart hingDown , 109
An n ual m eeting at Cran l eigh , ana t Charlwood , xxuat Wim b ledon , xxvi
Aps l ey Town , etym ology of, 9 7
Arding Run ,etym ology of, 98
Ardyng Groun ds , etym ology of, 138
Ashby Field, etym ology of, 1 51
At -Grove, etym ology of, 10 1
Babbeswel l , etym ology of, 139
Bardoxe Block, etym ology of, 137Barkest ede, etym ology of, 139
Barrfields , etymol ogy of, 8 1Barrow Green , etym ol ogy of, 130Bats , t he, etym ol ogy of, 108etym ol ogy of, 82
Beddington , Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at ,
Beddington ,Rom an vil la at
,1 18
Bil leshurs t , etym ol ogy of, 95
B irsted , etym ol ogy of , 129
Black Bu shes, etym ology of,80
Bl etchin gl ey, etym ology of, 7 8B l in d ley Heath, etym o logy of, 94;
Blockfie l d , etym ology of,96
Boal de sl owe , etym ology of, 10 2
Bol t hu rs t , etym ology of,160
Bot eras Hi l l,etym ology of, 8 2
Bowshot, etym ol ogy of, 139Breaches , t he, etym ology of, 8 7
Brewer Street,etym ology of, 8 0
Broadham, etym ology of, 129Broken Cross Land , etym ol ogy of, 104«
Bron ze im pl em en ts foun d at Beddin gton ,
125
Broom hu l l,etym ology of
,139
Bu cke lon d , etym ology of,106
Bu ckle, arm s of,312
Bys she Court, etym ology of,8 6
Carique, arm s an d pedigree of, 30 8
Cat erford Bridge , etym ology of, 10 1
Caterham , etym ology of,222
Gearn , etymology of, 97
Chalk -
pi t Wood , etym ol ogy of. 1 37Chalven croft , etym ol ogy of, 140
Chapel l Lan d s , etym ol ogy of,1 10
Charlwood,Vis i t t o , xxii
Chartham , etym ology of, 99
Char t lan d,e t ym on y of, 167
Chathil l , etym ology of, 10 7Chel lows , etym ology of, 100
Chel sham , etym ology of, 212
Cherry, arm s an d pedigree of, 314
Chirchewost , etym ology of, 103
Chivington , etym ology of, 78
Clarke, arm s and pedigree of,308
Codes t on , etymol ogy of, 89
Coites, etymology of, 104!
Cold Harbour , etymology of, 83
Col eacre, etym ology of,140
Col t sford Mill, etymol ogy of, 134
Comfort’s Pl ace , etymology of, 9 3, 14 1
Cou l sdon , An glo - Saxon Cem etery at,1 09
Covel ingley, etymology of,91
332
Cowper, arms an d pedigree of,328
C rabbi s,e tym ol ogy of
,14 1
Cran ley ,accou nt of t he parish of, 22
rectors of, 23 ; ded icat ion of church ,26 ; re s t oration of d i tto , 1 b ; de scription ,
26,e t s eq . ; t he Vachery chape l
in,29 ; inven tory of goods in
,30 ;
m emorial wi ndows ,fi b ; m onum en ts
an d bras ses,31 ; wil l of Robert Ha i d
ing, 38 ; anc ient re l ig ious ceremon ies ,4 3 et seq . ; pari sh reg i sters , 4 9
Cran ley, Thomas,5 5
Cran ley, V i s it t o ,xii
C rockereshan ie ,etym ology o
f
,10 3
C ro t chfyl d , etym o logy o f,14 1
C rowhurst, etym ology of,100
Crowhu rst P lace, e tym ology o f,10 1
Darby’
s,etym ol ogy of
,8 3
Dawn ey Mead , etym o logy of,1 11
Deure , etym ology of, 9 6
Dew lon d,etym o logy of
,107
Dewe land s , etym ol ogy of,1 12
Dodwa t er Mead , etym ology of, 1—12
Dow l and s,etym ol ogy of
,8 7
Dun sfo l d church,15
Dwel ly, etymology of,10 11
Earl s Wood , etym ol ogy of,134
Elstead church , be lfry of,15
E lyo t t , arm s an d ped igree of,316
En t erden , etym ology o f, 93
E t hen ewood , etym o logy of,158
Ewhurst, an cien t Vi cm al road t hrough ,
Farl ey ,etym ol ogy of, 209
l‘arn ede i i e ,
etym o logy of,1 12
Farneh i l l , etym ology of,8 2
Farth i ng Dale , etym o logy of, 9 1
Fa i t li i ng Down , Angl o - Saxon Cem eterya t , 10 9
Feake ,arm s an d ped igree of, 310
l‘e l lbu dge an d Fe l lcour t , etym ology of
,
9 2
F lower, J . W. , on an Angl o Saxon
Cem etery a t Beddington ,1 22
F lower,J . W on an Anglo - Saxon
Cem etery a t Farthing Down ,10 1)
F lower,J . W on a hoard of bron ze
im plem en ts foun d a t Bedd ington ,l 25
l‘
lower, or F lore , etym ology of, 9 1
Ford, etym ology of, 96
Foxe scroft e , e tym ology of, 106Foy l e ,etym ology of
,129
SURREY COLLECTIONS.
Foyle Ridden ,et ;
Frankm an n is , e t yFr it l i lands, e t ym i
Gain sford, arm s 1
Garston , et ym olo;
Gat esden ,etym ol
Ga t lan d s , e t ym ol c
Ge is t er iden , etymGibb s Brook , e t y](l il dabl e ,
t h e , e t yGincock
’
s , etym ol
Godalm in g churelGod ston e
,etym ol .
God ston e,t he P
30 1
C odwyn s Ersh , e t0 1
‘e Sou er , or S
Gre s ham Mead , e l
Gru b St ree t , Ctyri
Ily Wood , etym ol
It ch in gwood Com
Ha l i ng lVood , e tyHa l lan d
, e tym ologHam
,etym ology
Han le “food, e t ynHarding, Robert,Harrison
,J. P ., 0 1
Ewhurst,1
Harrow sl ey, etymHaxt ed , e t ym ologjHead lan ds , et ym o
Meal e s,Maj or, on
2 1
Heal es,Major,registers of Ne
l edge Court , e tyl l er in i t s
,e tym olo
Hoarem ed , e t ym o
Ho bbs , etym o logyl l oders lane , etymIl og t rougl i Laue ,Ho l beai i i s , e t ym o
”
Ho l l i i ide n,etym o l
Hom ewood,e t ym i
Hook Sti le , etymHookwood
,e tym t
Hore lon d,e tym ol
Horn e,e tym ol ogj
Horn e Cou rt, e ty“
l l or s t on e Croft, eHurst Green
,e ty
Hyld fyld, e tymol i
334 SURREY COLLECTIONS.
Roman vi lla at Beddington , 118
Rooksn es t , etym ology of,105
Ropkyn s, etym ology of, 103
Roselan ds, etym ology of,133
Rowbeech , etym ology of, 8 7
Rudgwick church , 15Rye Wood
,etymology of
,135
S .
S t . Christopher, wal l paintings of,
293
S t . Piers, etymol ogy of
, 98
Sawn ey Mead,etym ology of
,149
Saxpays Gate , etym ology of, 14 9
Scott, Sir G . G . , on t he P i lgr im s’
\Vaythrough Godston e an d Tan dridge , 30 1Sedecappys, etym ology of
,149
SheareJ eys , etym ology of,150
Shove l s t rode , etym ology of, 9 6
S il kham,etym ology of, 1 50
Ske t ehacche , etym ology of, 150
Sm i t heat t e , etym ology of, 103
Smyth , arm s an d ped igree of,8 20
Sna t t s , etym ol ogy of,13 1
Sogham s , e t ym ologyof, 150
Som erbcryes , etym ol ogy o f,150
Southlan ds,etym ology o f, 10 5
Spital F i e l ds , etym ol ogy o f,136
Stafford ’
s Wood , etym o logy of, 159
S t angrav e , etym ology of,8 0
S t erborough , etym ol ogy of'
,9 5
Stockenden,etym ology of
,160
Stock lan d, etym ology of,10 7
S t oke t t’
s , etym ol ogy of 129
S t on ehal l , etym ology of, 1 33
Ston eham , etym ology of,106
S t on eyshot t , etym ology of, 170Stratton , etym ology of
,90
S t ych in s , etym ology of,8 3
Sugham , etym ology of,l OL
Surrey Etym ologi es, 78 , 127Swain sl an d, etym ology of, 1 70
Sw iers , etym ol ogy of, 1 51
Synderford, etym ology of,102
T.
Tanbridge, etym ology of,10 1
V.
Vrr ick, arm s an d pedigree of, 329
Vyn chesle, etymology of, 151
Tandridge, t he Pilgrim’s Way through,
301
Tat sfield, etymology of, 203
Ten chl eys , etym ology of, 15 7Teyn t fiel d, etymology of, 151
Thunderfiel d Comm on , etymology of,85
Thurs ley church, belfry of, 14Tilburst ow, etym ology of, 92Ti lgat es, Great and Little, etym ology of
,
8 1
Ti l l ingdown e, etymology of, 105Titsey, etymology of
,189
Trevereux,etym ology of, 157
Tudham s, etym ology of
,8 8
Tunbrigges Farm , etym ology of, 8 2
Turn or, arm s an d pedigree of,3 18
Tye Copse , etym ology of, 8 5Tye , t he , etym ology of
,137
Tyl er’s Green , etym ol ogy of, 8 3
W’
al l er, J . G ., on a wal l paintingNewdegate church , 57 , 2 93
lVardin s, etym ol ogy of, 15 1
Ware Farm, etym o logy of
, 98
Warl ingham , etym ology of, 2 19
lVarw ick W'
o ld , etym ology of, 80
Wa t erhal le We l d , etym ology of, 10 7Wh itehil l , etym ology of
,8 3
Whitewood , etym ology of,8 8
Wi lm o t es Lan e, etym ology of,83
Wim b ledon , Vi s it t o, xxviWimbl es , etym ol ogy of
,1 7 1
Win der’s Hi l l, etym ol ogy o f
, 9 4
Win t erse l l , etym ology of,100
Wol din gham , etym ology of, 2 11
Wonham , etym ology of, 93
Woodrufl, arm s and pedigree of,322
Wray ,etymology of, 97
Wright, arm s an d pedigree of,330
Wynehest on Lane, etym ology of,103 .
