Study Guide: Chapters 1-18, The Art of Public Speaking Multiple Choice & True/False Questions

Introduction to Speech – McHenry County College, Spring, 2016

Chapter 1, Speaking in Public

1. Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years. True or False

2. Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed. T or F

3. ____________ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. __ Adrenaline, __ Visualization, __ Stage Fright

4. It is normal—even desirable—to be nervous at the start of a speech. T or F

5. _____________ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation. __ Restrained Anxiety, __ Positive Nervousness, __ Focused Nervousness

6. Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is. T or F

7. Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback. T or F

8. Critical thinking includes _________________. __ Seeing the relationships among ideas, __ Judging the credibility of statements, __ Assessing the soundness of evidence, __ All answers are correct.

9. The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ____________. __ Cues, __ Feedback, __ Prompts.

10. The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ______________________. _ Frame of Reference, __ Cognitive Screen, __ Psychological Filter, __ Attitudinal Field.

11. Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright. T or F

12. ____________ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation. __ Focusing, __ Visualization, __ Representation, __ Channeling.

13. Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker. T or F

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14. According to your textbook, ____________ is anything that impedes the communication of a message. __ Interference, __ Blockage, __ Distortion.

15. ____________ is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures. __ Ethnocentrism, __ Egocentrism, __ Elitism.

16. Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? __ Visualize yourself giving a strong speech, __ Focus on communicating rather than on being nervous, __ Be thoroughly prepared for each speech, __ All answers are correct.

17. Avoiding ethnocentrism means that public speakers should __ Show respect for the cultures of the people they address, __ Assume that their personal values are shared by all the audience, __ Agree with the beliefs of all groups and cultures,__ All answers are correct.

18. Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases. T or F

19. While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. Scott was __ Missing the message due to the error of ethnocentrism, __ Sending feedback about the message to the speaker, __ Filtering the message through his frame of reference, __ Empowering the speaker to make a change in the world.

20. Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers. T or F

21. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? __ Be prepared to fail in your first few speeches, __ Tell the audience how nervous you get when speaking, __ Work especially hard on your speech introduction, __ All answers are correct.

Chapter 2, Ethics and Public Speaking

1. Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ____________ responsibilities. __ Ethical, __ Psychological, __ Sociological.

2. ____________ is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs. __ Linguistics, __ Ethics, __ Theology.

3. In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against __ A set of ethical standards or guidelines, __ The practicality of taking that course of action, __ A set of legal criteria for acceptable speech, __ The speaker's goals in a given situation.

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4. Even though there can be gray areas when it comes to assessing a speaker's goals, it is still necessary to ask ethical questions about those goals. T or F

5. Because listeners recognize that public speakers are promoting their self-interest, it is acceptable for speakers to alter evidence. T or F

6. Which of the following violates the speaker's ethical obligation to be honest in what she or he says?

Juggling statistics

Quoting out of context

Citing unusual cases as typical examples

All answers are correct. 7. The larger an audience becomes, the greater is the speaker's ethical responsibility to be fully prepared. T or F

8. ____________ is the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.

Name-calling

Ethnocentrism

Hyperbole 9. If you present another person's language or ideas as your own, you are guilty of ____________.

Defamation

Personification

Plagiarism 10. According to your textbook, stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own is called

Global plagiarism.

Patchwork plagiarism.

Incremental plagiarism.

Admissible plagiarism.

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11. Gabrielle, a physiology major, waited until the last minute to begin preparing her persuasive speech. When her friend Ken learned that she was panicking over the assignment, he gave her the outline of a speech he had delivered in class the previous semester. Gabrielle used the speech and presented it as her own. Which of the following is true?

Gabrielle is guilty of no ethical offense because Ken willingly gave her his speech.

Gabrielle is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because she took her speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.

Gabrielle is guilty of global plagiarism because she took a speech entirely from a single source and passed it off as her own.

Gabrielle is guilty of incremental plagiarism because she took ideas or language from two or three sources and passed them off as her own.

12. When a speaker _____________, she restates or summarizes an author's ideas in her own words.

Illustrates

Rationalizes

Paraphrases 13. It is only necessary for a speaker to identify his or her source when quoting verbatim—not when paraphrasing. T or F

14. Even if your speech as a whole is ethical, you can still be guilty of ____________ plagiarism if you fail to give credit for quotations, paraphrases, and other specific parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.

Normal

Incremental

Technical 15. Protecting a speaker's freedom to express his or her ideas implies agreement with those ideas. T or F

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Chapter 3, Listening

1. People spend more time listening than doing any other communicative activity. T or F

2. Hearing and listening are identical. T or F

3. Listening for pleasure or enjoyment is called ____________ listening.

Empathic

Appreciative

Comprehensive 4. ____________ is listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.

Sincere listening

Comprehensive listening

Empathic listening

Critical listening 5. Because the brain can process many more words per minute than we talk, the resulting spare "brain time" makes listening easier. T or F

6. Listening to understand the message of a speaker is called ____________ listening.

Sympathetic

Comprehensive

Critical 7. Listening to evaluate a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it is called

Critical listening.

Argumentative listening.

Judicious listening.

Logical listening.

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8. Listening and critical thinking are so closely allied that training in listening is also training in how to think. T or F

9. The two kinds of listening most closely tied to critical thinking are

Appreciative listening and empathic listening.

Empathic listening and comprehensive listening.

Comprehensive listening and critical listening.

Critical listening and empathic listening. 10. To improve your listening, you should think of listening as a passive process. T or F

11. Skilled listeners try to remember a speaker's every word. T or F

12. At a coffee shop on campus, Rachel listens to her friend Shanti discuss his feelings about his mother's recent death. According to your textbook, Rachel is engaged in ____________ listening.

Active

Empathic

Appreciative

Critical 13. Your textbook recommends taking word-for-word notes as a way to improve your listening skills. T or F

14. The first step toward improving your listening skills is to

Develop note-taking skills.

Concentrate on a speaker's evidence.

Accept the speaker's frame of reference.

Take listening seriously. 15. __________ listeners give their undivided attention to the speaker in a genuine effort to understand her or his point of view.

__ Formal __ Friendly __ Active

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16. When business managers are asked to rank-order the communication skills most crucial to their jobs, they usually rank listening as number one. T or F

17. Ian is attending a union meeting in which the union president is discussing the company's plan to decrease wages in exchange for an increase in vacation time. As Ian listens, he is trying to determine whether or not to vote for the plan. According to your textbook, Ian is engaged in ____________ listening.

Passive

Emphatic

Appreciative

Critical

Chapter 4, Giving Your First Speech

1. The two major steps discussed in this chapter for developing your introductory speech are preparing your speech and delivering your speech. T or F

2. Regardless of your topic, you should organize your introductory speech into three parts—introduction, body, and conclusion. T or F

3. What method of delivery does this chapter recommend for your introductory speech? __ Extemporaneous, __ Impromptu, __ Manuscript, __ Memorized.

4. What steps should you take when rehearsing your first speech? __ Practice a great deal __ Rehearse out loud __ Ask your friends and family to listen and give you constructive feedback __ Time your speech to be certain it is neither too short nor too long

__ All answers are correct

5. What elements of speech delivery are discussed in this chapter with regard to presenting your first speech?

__ None of these – these are all covered in the later chapter, “Delivery” __ Gestures, Starting Your Speech __ Eye contact, Voice __ Dealing with Nerves __ Starting Your Speech, Gestures, Eye Contact, Voice, Dealing with Nerves

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Chapter 5, Selecting a Topic and a Purpose

1. ____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.

Imaging

Brainstorming

Channeling 2. When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.

Inform

Persuade

Entertain 3. When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________.

Inform

Persuade

Entertain 4. The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.

Introductory statement

General purpose statement

Specific purpose statement

Central idea 5. The ____________ is a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the main points of a speech. __ Signpost __ Central Idea __ Internal Summary __ Hypothesis

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6. The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose. T or F

7. "To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n)

Hypothesis.

Internal Preview.

Specific Purpose Statement.

Topic Summary. 8. Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"

It's too specific.

It's too technical.

It's expressed as a question.

All answers are correct. 9. Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: “To persuade my audience that Congress should ban smoking in public places and increase spending for education.”

It's too political.

It expresses the speaker's opinion.

It contains two unrelated ideas.

All answers are correct. 10. Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about global warming."

It's too vague.

It's too persuasive.

It's too impersonal.

It's too trivial. 11. Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question. T or F

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12. The ____________ is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.

Residual message

Concluding statement

General purpose

Attention statement 13. What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points? I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s. II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.

The life of Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth: From Slavery to Freedom

To inform my audience about the life of Sojourner Truth.

Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience, and became a speaker for various reform causes.

14. The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence. T or F

Chapter 6, Analyzing the Audience

1. The primary purpose of speechmaking is to __ Display your knowledge about a topic __ Gain a desired response from listeners __ Enhance the audience’s self-concept __ Promote your ethical standards

2. Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind __ When you deliver your speech __ When you organize and outline your speech __ When you choose a topic for your speech __ At every step of speech preparation and presentation

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3. Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs. T or F

4. One key to successful speaking is determining which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas. T or F

5. According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called

Egocentrism.

Audience-centeredness.

Individualism.

Pragmatism. 6. The process of creating a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is called __________ by communication scholars.

association

identification

cooperation

7. Which of the following does your textbook discuss as major factors in demographic audience analysis?

Education, cultural background, and interest in the topic

Physical setting, religion, and audience size

Gender, age, group membership, and sexual orientation

Social status, ethnicity, and attitude toward the topic

8. Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis. T or F

9. According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?

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The size of the audience

The religion of the audience

The gender of the audience

The age of the audience 10. When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their

Interest in the topic.

Knowledge about the topic.

Attitude toward the topic.

All answers are correct. 11. As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be. True or false? T or F

12. Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers are called ____________ questions.

__ Inclusive __ Scale __ Open-ended __ Fixed-alternative

13. "Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________ question.13

Inclusive

Fixed-alternative

Demographic

Open-ended 14. Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

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Age.

Gender.

Attitude toward the topic.

Religion. 15. Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about the genetic relationship between twins for a group of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

Knowledge of the topic.

Disposition toward the speaker.

Cultural background.

Size. Chapter 7, Gathering Materials

1. The ____________ lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.

index

file

catalogue 2. Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by

author.

title.

keyword.

All answers are correct. 3. ____________ are used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves __ Call numbers __ Reference guides __ Shelf locaters __ Index marks

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4. If you want to find journal or magazine articles on your speech topic, you should consult a(n)

Encyclopedia.

Periodical database.

Reference locator.

Card catalogue. 5. You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone. T or F

6. If you need information from a newspaper such as The New York Times, you have little alternative to thumbing through back issues of the paper until you find what you need. T or F

7. If you need information about a specific person, you should consult a ____________ such as Who's Who, Dictionary of Hispanic Biography, or Contemporary Black Biography.

Yearbook

Biographical aid

Search engine

General index 8. Three kinds of search aids discussed in the chapter for finding documents on the Internet are

Electronic databases, bookmarks, and reference locators.

Yahoo, AltaVista, and the Librarians' Index to the Internet.

Search engines, virtual libraries, and government resources.

America Online, Netscape, and Internet Explorer. 9. If there is no clearly identified author for a document on the Internet, you should try to determine the ____________ that is responsible for the document.

Mentor

Ghost writer

Sponsoring organization

Collaborator

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10. Even if you can't identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date. T or F

11. The most important task in preparing to conduct a research interview is deciding what questions to ask during the interview. T or F

12. After conducting a research interview, you should wait a few days to review and transcribe your notes. T or F

13. A ____________ is a list, compiled early in the research process, of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

Research summary

Preliminary bibliography

Citation index

Source guide 14. When taking research notes, you should only write down information that you know you will use in your speech. T or F

Chapter 8, Supporting Your Ideas

1. Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements. T or F

2. The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are

Questions, answers, and conclusions.

Statistics, examples, and testimony.

Generalizations, statements, and opinions.

Descriptions, figures, and analysis. 3. A(n) ____________ is a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like. __ Example __ Phenomenon __ Testimonial

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4. Examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech. T or F

5. A hypothetical example is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation. T or F

6. A(n) ____________ example is a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

Brief

Irregular

Minor 7. According to your textbook, a(n) ____________ example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

General

Extended

Illustrative 8. The impact of an extended example often depends as much on the speaker's delivery as on the content of the example. T or F

9. The ____________ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

Mean

Median

Mode 10. What is the median in the following set of numbers: 500, 600, 650, 700, 750?

500

600

650

700

750

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11. The term for the statistical measure popularly known as the "average" is the ____________.

Mean

Median

Mode 12. The main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid. T or F

13. According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.

regular

individual

peer 14. Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are followed by ____________ that show the examples are typical.

Axioms

Comparisons

Statistics 15. In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech. T or F

16. When using statistics in a speech, you should

Round off complicated statistics.

Identify the sources of your statistics.

Use statistics sparingly.

All answers are correct.

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17. According to your textbook, what type of supporting material would you be using if you quoted Yale physicist Daniel Timbie on the compatibility of the big bang theory with religious philosophies?

Expert testimony

Scientific testimony

Instrumental testimony

Formal testimony

18. To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words is to

Generalize.

Quote informally.

Quote out of context.

Paraphrase.

Chapter 9, Organizing the Body of the Speech

1. Research shows that a well-organized speech can increase the speaker's competence and trustworthiness in the minds of listeners. T or F 2. ____________ organization involves putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

Logical

Strategic

Linguistic

Formal 3. The ____________ is the longest and most important part of the speech. __ Introduction __ Body __ Conclusion

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4. It is important to know your main points before you begin researching your speech. T or F 5. Most speeches should have six to ten main points. T or F

6. The most effective order of main points in a speech depends on your

Topic, Purpose, and Audience.

Assignment, Credibility, and Research.

Supporting Materials, Connectives, and Introduction.

Conclusion, Reasoning, and Background. 7. ____________ order is a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern. __ Causal __ Chronological __ Spatial 8. Here are the main points for an informative speech: I. In 1827, the Cherokee tribe of Georgia declared themselves an independent state. II. From 1828 to 1834, the Georgia legislature passed laws that destroyed the Cherokee political structure. III. During the winter of 1838, the Cherokee were driven out of Georgia in a tragic march along a route that became known as the Trail of Tears. These main points are arranged in ____________ order. __ Spatial __ Chronological __ Topical 9. ____________ order results when you divide the speech topic into subtopics, each of which becomes a main point in the speech. __ Topical __ Structural __ Formal

10. Here are the main points for an informative speech about UFOs: I. Roswell, New Mexico, has been the focus of intense speculation about UFOs since a mysterious aircraft crashed there in 1947. II. Area S-4 of Nellis Air Force range in Groom Lake, Nevada, is believed by some people to be a scene of UFO activity.

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III. Other places known for reported UFO activities include Wisconsin, Alabama, and upstate New York. These main points are arranged in ____________ order. __ Spatial __ Analytical __ Scenic

11. A ____________ is a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them. __ Link __ Connective __ Bridge

12. If the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? As I shall explain next, solving the problem of groundwater contamination involves two steps: limiting new development and requiring builders to use more efficient septic systems. __ Transition __ Internal Summary __ Internal Preview __ Paraphrase 13. As explained in your textbook, words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has completed one thought and is moving to another are called bridges. T or F 14. Words such as "First," "Next," "Finally," and "Above all" are often used as ____________ to indicate where a speaker is in the speech or to help focus attention on key issues. __ Transitions __ Tags __ Signposts

15. Questions are particularly effective as signposts because they invite subliminal answers and thereby get the audience more involved in the speech. T or F 16. According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? So far we have learned that Sor Juana was a Mexican nun who lived during the seventeenth century and that she was exceptionally educated for a woman of her time.

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__ Transition __ Internal Summary __ Paraphrase 17. Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with this specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the four major elements in a landscape painting"? __ Topical __ Chronological __ Causal

18. Here are the main points for an informative speech about hospital-acquired infections: I. Over the past 20 years, the rate of hospital-acquired infections has increased dramatically. II. The two major causes for this increase are poor sanitary procedures in hospitals and the emergence of new strains of infections. These main points are arranged in ____________ order. __ Topical __ Chronological __ Causal

19. When preparing main points for a speech, you should __ phrase them as questions to gain attention __ vary the wording of each point to maintain interest __ try to get as many ideas as possible into each point __ balance the amount of time devoted to each point.

20. Here are the main points for a speech about swing music: I. Swing music involves a slight rhythmic hesitation. II. Swing music is rooted in jazz forms such as ragtime and blues. III. Swing music is closely identified with the "Big Band" sound. These main points are arranged in ____________ order. __ Formal __ Chronological __ Topical

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21. Which organizational pattern would be most effective for arranging a speech with this central idea: "The problem of adult illiteracy can be solved by a combination of individual and government action." __ Topical order __ Problem-Solution order __ Chronological order __ Causal order

22. Here are the main points for a speech about the major steps of treating a person in shock. I. First, you must position the victim to prevent further injury. II. Second, you need to keep the victim warm. III. Third, you should administer fluids if the victim is conscious. These main points are arranged in ____________ order.

descending

chronological

topical

Chapter 10, Beginning and Ending the Speech

1. You should usually work out the exact wording of the introduction after you have finished preparing the body of your speech. True or False

2. If you were giving an informative speech on the subject of troglodytes, you would probably include a ____________ in your introduction. Definition, Startling statement, Personal story, or Narrative

3. As your textbook explains, even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always ____________. Startle the audience, Ask the audience a question, Relate the topic to the audience, or Begin with a quotation

4. A ____________ ending is a type of speech conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement. Restrictive, Dissolve, or Crescendo

5. A ____________ identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech. Goodwill statement, Credibility statement, Transition statement, or Preview statement

6. The conclusion should normally make up about 20 to 25 percent of your speech. T or F

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7. ____________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic. Empathy, Credibility, or Receptivity

8. An excellent way to give your speech psychological unity is to conclude by __ making a dramatic statement, __quoting from a famous individual, __reemphasizing your credibility, or __referring to ideas in the introduction.

9. When a speaker uses a ____________ ending, the speech builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and intensity. Crescendo, Commemorative, or Cascade

10. When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to ____________ in the introduction of your speech. Get the audience's attention, Establish goodwill toward the audience, or State your topic clearly and concisely

11. A direct appeal to your audience for action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a(n) ____________ speech. Informative, Persuasive, or Commemorative

12. A ____________ is a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud. __ Rhetorical question, __ Neutral question, __ Latent question, or __ Nonverbal question

13. ____________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind. Integrity, Goodwill, or Sympathy

14. The ____________ is usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a smooth lead-in to the body of the speech. Bridge statement, Credibility statement, Organizing statement, or Preview statement

15. Even if the audience already knows your speech topic, you should usually restate it clearly and concisely at some point in the introduction. True or False

Chapter 11, Outlining the Speech

1. A ____________ outline is a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation. Preliminary, Introductory, or Preparation

2. A preparation outline should include: Bibliography, Research notes, Delivery cues, or All answers are correct

3. A preparation outline should include: Specific purpose statement, Central idea, Connectives, or All answers are correct

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4. The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech. Visual framework, Indirect organization, Informal structure, or Residual message

5. In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right. True or False

6. In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases. True or False

7. A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech. Bibliography, Biography, or Commentary

8. When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question. True or False

9. A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech. Visual, Speaking, or Final

10. When preparing a speaking outline, you should: Include many details so you won't forget what to say, Use complete sentences to ensure full development of ideas, Give yourself cues for delivering the speech, or All answers are correct

11. In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters. True or False

12. In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences. True or False

13. Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full. True or False

14. In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are ____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech. Speech tags, Delivery cues, Stage directions, or Oral guides

15. A speech title should: Be brief, Encapsulate the main thrust of your speech, Attract the attention of your audience, or All answers are correct

16. Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline? Bagpipes, Did you know that the bagpipe is among the oldest of reed instruments?, The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece, Bagpipes: Ancient Air Instruments

17. Below are a main point and three subpoints from a preparation outline about body piercing. Which is the main point? A pierced tongue can result in loss of taste, A pierced tongue can

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result in an infection, Tongue-piercing can pose several hazards, or A pierced tongue can result in chipped teeth

18. Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint? Noise control is an issue both for indoor and outdoor settings; Indoors, noise control deals with everything from electric appliances to crowd noise at sports events and concerts; One major element in acoustical engineering is noise control; or Outdoors, noise control deals with the sounds of nature as well as with the sounds created by modern technology

Chapter 12, Language

1. Language mirrors reality. True or False

2. The denotative meaning of a word is __ Emotionally explosive, like a detonation; __ Derived from the audience's frame of reference; __ Its literal meaning or dictionary definition; or __ Based on listeners' dispositions toward the topic.

3. The ____________ meaning of a word is what the word suggests or implies. Correlative, Connotative, or Contractual

4. Inaccurate use of language can harm a speaker's credibility. True or False

5. An excellent way to improve your credibility as a speaker is to use fancy, complicated words rather than familiar words. True or False

6. The more ____________ a word, the more specific it will be. Concrete, Connotative, or Correct

7. The more ____________ a word, the more ambiguous it will be. Artistic, Denotative, or Abstract

8. Which of the following is the most concrete and specific? Building, White House, Shelter, or House.

9. Which of the following is the most general and abstract? Speech, Biology 100 lecture, Communication, Lecture

10. "The steady flow of traffic sounded like the rush of a great river" is an example of __ Simile, __ Antithesis, __ Oxymoron, or __ Metaphor.

11. "Once given a push, the machine of justice rolls on by itself" is an example of __ Metonymy, __ Alliteration, __ Personification, or __ Metaphor.

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12. ____________ is repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words. __ Antithesis, __ Parallelism, __ Alliteration

13. ____________ is the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words. Rhythm, Intonation, or Phonetics

14. "His ideas are as worthless as withered weeds" are examples of __ Simile and alliteration, __ Repetition and antithesis, __ Imagery and personification, or __ Parallelisim and metaphor.

15. "Our mission is to serve justice, to right wrong, and to protect democracy" is an example of __ Simile, __ Parallelism, or __ Oxymoron.

16. "Divided there is little we can do; united there is little we cannot do" is an example of __ Metaphor, __ Antithesis, __ Metonymy, or __ All answers are correct.

17. Language that is appropriate for some occasions may not be appropriate for others. True or False

18. Using inclusive language is an important part of being an audience-centered public speaker. True or False

19. For the sake of clarity, you should usually employ the generic "he" when speaking in public. True or False

Chapter 13, Delivery

1. Good delivery does not call attention to itself. True or False

2. _______________ is based on a person's use of voice and body rather than on the use of words. Informal communication, Subjective Communication, Nonverbal Communication, or Direct Communication

3. When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate. Impersonal, Manuscript, or Ceremonial

4. A(n) ____________ speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation. Informal, Extemporaneous, or Impromptu

5. A(n) _____ _______ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes. Colloquial, Extemporaneous, or Casual

6. _________ is the lowness or highness of the speaker's voice. Pitch, Rate, or Volume

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7. ____________ are changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice. Vibratos, Inflections, or Fluctuations

8. Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as __ Vocal variety, __ Vocalized pausing, __ Oral fluctuation, or __ Variable inflection.

9. Speakers who lack vocal variety are said to speak in a ___________. Monotone, Monochord, or Monogram

10. Sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly. Representation, Phonetics, or Articulation

11. Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in ____________. Pronunciation, Tonality, or Linguistics

12. ____________ is a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary. Dialect, The Vernacular, or Jargon

13. In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience's perception of the speaker? A police officer presenting an educational talk, A concerned citizen being interviewed on the news, A lawyer addressing a jury, or All answers are correct

14. As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should __ Begin speaking immediately, __ Confess how nervous you are, __ Make eye contact with your listeners, or __ All answers are correct

15. When you end your speech, you should __ Maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking, __ Collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used, __ Maintain a cool, collected demeanor as you return to your seat, or __ All answers are correct

16. The primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so that listeners notice what you are doing. True or False

17. One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it __ Ensures a precise choice of words, __ Encourages conversational quality, __ Requires only limited preparation, or __ Allows for better articulation

18. "Conversational quality" refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed. True or False

19. The best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute. True or False

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20. As Mark Twain noted, "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed ____________." Gesture, Inflection, or Pause

21. Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest. True or False

22. When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except __ Record the speech to see how you sound, __ Include delivery cues on your speaking outline, __ Try to learn your speech word for word, or __ Practice in front of friends or family

Chapter 14, Using Visual Aids

1. Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker's: Clarity, Confidence, Credibility, or All answers are correct

2. Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright. True or False

3. What is a major factor to consider when deciding whether to use an object as a visual aid? Its color, Its size, Its Shape, or Its texture

4. If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that you: Show the photograph to the audience by using PowerPoint, Pass the photograph among members of the audience so they can see it clearly, Find a copy of the photograph in an oversized book that you can show from the front of the room, or All answers are correct

5. The following visual aid is an example of a ____________ graph. Fixed, Symbol, Line

6. The following visual aid is an example of a ____________ graph. Ration, Pie, or Shell

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7. The following visual aid is an example of a ____________ graph. Bar, Geometric, or Flat

8. The following visual aid is an example of a _____________. Chart, Word Graph, or Panel

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9. A pie graph should ideally have from two to five segments. True or False

10. If you were delivering a speech about unemployment and wanted to show changes in the unemployment rate over the last decade, you should use a ____________ graph. Flat, Circle, or Line

11. It is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart. True or False

12. When using PowerPoint, you should: Give yourself extra time for preparation and rehearsal, Check the equipment ahead of time to make sure it is working properly, Make sure your text and images are easy for everyone in your audience to see, or All Answers are correct

13. Sometimes you can use your own body as a visual aid. True or False

14. Distributing handouts is usually an excellent way to present visual aids during a speech. True or False

15. Dolores is preparing visual aids for her speech about resources available to the Latino/Latina community and has decided to use a handout. When should she distribute it? As the audience arrives for the speech, At the beginning of the speech, During the conclusion of the speech, or After the speech

16. When delivering a speech, you should display visual aids only while discussing them. True or False

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17. One advantage of using video in a speech is that it involves less work than other kinds of visual aids. True or False

18. When preparing charts and graphs, you should use a large number of colors in order to grab your audience's attention. True or False

19. When preparing a visual aid, you should use ALL CAPS because it is easier to read. True or False

20. Usually you should use only two fonts on any single PowerPoint slide—one for the title or major headings, another for subtitles or other text. True or False

Chapter 15, Speaking to Inform

1. In an informative speech, the speaker acts as: A motivator, An advocate, or A teacher

2. The primary aim of an informative speech is to: Modify the attitudes of the audience, Explain why listeners should change their behavior, Offer reasons for supporting a new policy, or Convey knowledge or information

3. Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? A psychologist advocating more study of the grieving process at a professional meeting, A counselor explaining the stages of grieving to people who have recently lost loved ones, A doctor urging hospital administrators to fund a class about grieving, or All answers are correct

4. "To inform my audience about the major features of a digital music player" is a specific-purpose statement for an informative speech about: An object, An event, or A Process

5. "To inform my audience about three major theories of climate change" is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about: A function, A concept, or An event

6. An informative speech about a process explains a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product. True or False

7. "To inform my audience about the origins of the Jewish holiday of Purim" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about: An object, A concept, or An event

8. As your textbook explains, when preparing an informative speech, you should: Personalize your ideas, Relate the subject directly to your audience, Avoid abstractions, or All answers are correct

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9. "To inform my audience about the four major steps in body piercing" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about: A process, A function, or An object

10. If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the major land regions in Spain," you would probably organize your speech in: Spatial order, Chronological order, Sequential order, or Topical order

11. The more you assume your listeners know about the topic of your informative speech, the more you run the risk of being misunderstood. True or False

12. If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the four major steps in building a loft," you would probably organize your speech in ____________ order. Causal, Chronological, or Spatial

13. Which of the following recommendations does your textbook give for relating a subject directly to your audience in an informative speech? Tie your topic into the audience's interests and concerns, Tell the audience why your message is important to them, Speak in personal terms, using words such as "you" and "your" or All answers are correct

14. Your textbook recommends using abstractions as a way to clarify ideas in an informative speech. True or False

15. It is usually most effective to keep your ideas impersonal when giving an informative speech. True or False

Chapter 16, Speaking to Persuade

1. Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? A family therapist illustrating parenting skills, A professor explaining the elements of an atom, A lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client, or An executive assistant clarifying copyright laws

2. Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs and/or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations. True or False

3. The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade. Ideal, Preferred, or Target

4. "To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________. Fact, Research, or Value

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5. A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech. True or False

6. "To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________. Fact, Value, or Policy

7. Persuasive speeches on questions of value are usually organized in: Topical order, Comparative advantages order, Monroe's motivated sequence, or Spatial order

8. Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to: Inspire your audience to follow your call for action, Justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria, Provide evidence to prove the cause of a serious social problem, or All answers are correct

9. A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken. Expedience, Policy, Conscience

10. "To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy. True or False

11. In a persuasive speech to gain ____________, the speaker's goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of that policy. Delayed consent, Passive agreement, Incremental approval, or Deferred action

12. "To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement. True or False

13. What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. Fraudulent charity fundraising has become a widespread problem. II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness. Topical order, Comparative advantages order, Monroe's motivated sequence, or Problem-solution order

14. ____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action. Problem-solution order, Problem-cause-solution order, Monroe's motivated sequence, Comparative advantages order

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15. Which of the following is the third step in Monroe's motivated sequence? Action, Satisfaction, Visualization, Need

16. In the visualization step of Monroe's motivated sequence, the speaker: Visualizes the benefits of the speaker's solution to the problem, Visualizes a specific course of action for the audience to take, Visualizes herself or himself giving a successful speech, or Visualizes the existence of a serious problem that needs solving

17. Monroe's motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action. True or False

18. When using Monroe's motivated sequence to organize a persuasive speech on a question of policy, the action step should be placed in the: Introduction Second main point of the body Practicality section Conclusion

19. What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than 10 million Americans. II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media's glamorization of thinness. III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes. Topical, Problem-cause-solution, Comparative advantages, or Problem-solution

20. Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they? Fact, attitude, and opinion; Problem, value, and solution; Cause, effect, and prediction; or Need, plan, and practicality

21. Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the need issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy? One part of the solution is to have our state require training for all employees of tanning salons. Tanning beds can cause serious medical problems, including eye burns, blood-vessel injuries, and skin cancer. Because this solution has worked in other states where it has been adopted, we can be confident that it will work here. Another part of the solution is to require licensing for all employees at tanning salons.

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Chapter 17, Methods of Persuasion

1. ____________ is the audience's perception of how qualified a speaker is to speak on a given topic. Rectitude, Credibility, Prestige

2. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's: Education and notoriety, Reputation and rationality, Competence and character, or Celebrity and judgment

3. ____________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos

4. Strong evidence can: Enhance a speaker's credibility, Increase the persuasiveness of a speech, Inoculate listeners against counterpersuasion, or All answers are correct

5. No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in specific rather than general terms. True or False

6. Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is familiar to the audience. True or False

7. "Pathos" is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speaker's logical appeal. True or False

8. What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well. Analogical reasoning, Reasoning from principle, Reasoning from generalization, or Colloquial reasoning

9. What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I watched a Taiwanese film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned this to my friend, she said that she, too, hadseen a violent Taiwanese film. Apparently, all Taiwanese films are violent. False cause, Hasty generalization, Invalid analogy, or Faulty rationale

10. Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principle to a general conclusion. True or False

11. What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night before the calculus final. That's why I got a C. False cause, Invalid analogy, Appeal to tradition, or Slippery slope

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12. The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc. True or False

13. The most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether: The analogy creates a logical dilemma, The two cases being compared are essentially alike, The analogical effect is caused by a third variable, or The minor premise needs to be supported

14. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Either we build a new high school or children in this community will never get into college. Hasty generalization; Post hoc, ergo propter hoc; Appeal to novelty; or Either-or

15. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we take my opponent's proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of high school. Bandwagon Ad hominem Slippery slope Appeal to tradition

16. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense. Bandwagon, Invalid analogy, False cause, or Red herring

17. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious problems in the long-term stability of Social Security? Red herring, False dilemma, Ad hominem, or Slippery slope

18. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools, it won't belong until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teachers should be hired. Appeal to novelty; Post hoc, ergo propter hoc; Slippery slope; or Either-or

19. Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action. True or False

20. In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning. True or False

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21. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech? Use more denotative language to create an emotional response, Let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content, Modify your body language to give your ideas emotional impact, All answers are correct

Chapter 18, Speaking on Special Occasions

1. Which of the following is an example of a speech for a special occasion? __ a speech presenting an award to a retiring teacher, ___ a talk to students on how to use a new computer system, ___ a speech on the merits of a proposed health care plan, ___ a talk on a new technique to test blood sugar levels

2. The purpose of a speech of introduction is to reveal the major points that will be made by the main speaker. True or False

3. When giving a speech of introduction, you should: ___ make sure your remarks about the main speaker are completely accurate, ___ get the audience's attention by reciting an embarrassing story about the speaker, ___ make a special effort to praise the speaker for his or her speaking skills, ___ All answers are correct

4. Under normal circumstances, a speech of introduction should be no more than ____________ minutes long. ___ two to three, ___ five to eight, ___ ten to twelve

5. Because a speech of introduction focuses on the main speaker, there is little need to adapt to the audience. True or False

6. The name of the main speaker should usually be stated at the ____________ of a speech of introduction. ___ beginning, ___ middle, ___ end

7. The main purpose of a speech of presentation is to: ___ present facts to the audience, ___ present a gift or an award, ___ present persuasive arguments, ___ present the featured speaker

8. When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually: ___ tell why the recipient is receiving the award, ___ explain the purpose and criteria for the award, ___ limit your remarks to four or five minutes, ___ All answers are correct

9. An acceptance speech gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition. True or False

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10. The major traits of a good acceptance speech are brevity, humility, and ____________. ___ evidence, ___ graciousness, ___ controversy

11. The purpose of a(n) ____________ speech is to pay tribute to a person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea. ___ keynote, ___ commemorative, ___ after dinner

12. Which of the following is an example of a commemorative speech? ___ a eulogy at a funeral praising the life and accomplishments of the deceased, ___ an address at the site of the World Trade Center praising the people who lost their lives on September 11, 2001, ___ a speech at a new elementary school praising the work of the woman for whom the school is named, ___ All answers are correct

13. Of all the kinds of speeches, perhaps none depends more on the creative and subtle use of language than does the commemorative speech. True or False