Student Name - Ark Victoria Academy

Student Name: _____________________________________

Top tips

• When you see a double lined box with this symbol, it means students are required to read a section of the novel. The activity may take up the least amount of space on the page so could be easily missed, but it is the most important!

• Students return to the Seven Commandments resource sheet on p.37 throughout the unit. It may be a good idea to ask students to mark this page clearly so that they can find it quickly and easily.

Crucial Learning Points

Three crucial learning points have been identified in lesson 6, 7 and 10. These are sections of the unit that it is crucial students fully understand in order to access the rest of the unit and understand Orwell’s intention when writing Animal Farm. Model answers for these can be found in the appendix at the back of the booklet. These can be used however you see fit, e.g. to create success criteria prior to students writing; as a self-assessment checks; or as re-teach resources if necessary.

1

Animal Farm – Lesson 1 Mastery Content:

• George Orwell was a modern British writer • He wrote ‘Animal Farm’, ‘Nineteen Eighty Four’ and other influential works • He was influenced and inspired by contemporary events • His writing often challenges authority • He has influenced others

Do Now:

1. Make a list of all the books we have studied since Year 7.

2. Include the authors and any other information you can remember, like when they were written and the main characters.

Extension: What were the morals, or main messages, in each of the books we

have studied? _______

______ _

______ _

______ _

______ _

Book 4:

Author:

Year written:

Main characters:

Moral message:

Book 1: Oliver Twist

Author:

Year written:

Main characters:

Moral message:

Book 2:

Author:

Year written:

Main characters:

Moral message:

Book 3:

Author:

Year written:

Main characters:

Moral message:

2

Think about these books.

Discuss this question with a partner:

What was happening in society to influence these books? Use the words below to help you.

poverty

police

periodicals

workhouses

the city

slavery

exploration

colonialism

Discuss these questions with a partner:

Why do you think the writers wrote the books? What messages were they trying to share with the world? Use the words below to help you.

judgement compassion friendship colonialism kindness

imagination

rich and poor

wonder

3

Today, we are going to start studying a new book. It is called ‘Animal Farm’. It was written by a famous and popular writer called George Orwell.

Before we start reading the book, it is important to understand more about Orwell’s life and the time he was writing.

Let’s read the biography of George Orwell.

5

George Orwell: Nineteen Eighty-Four ‘Animal Farm wasn’t the only book Orwell wrote about violent and unfair rulers. In 1949, he published what is probably known today as his best-known work: ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’. This book came up with many ideas that are prevalent in society today. Here are some of them: Surveillance society: In ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’, the people of Britain are watched and monitored constantly by CCTV cameras and secret police. Britain today has over 2 million CCTV cameras, tracking people night and day. ‘Big Brother is watching you’ Big Brother is the leader of Britain in ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’. It is said that he watches you all the time, night and day. This idea was turned into the reality TV show ‘Big Brother’. In the show, a group of people live together in a large house, isolated from the outside world but continuously watched by television cameras. Room 101 In ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’, Room 101 is a torture chamber. Prisoners are shown their greatest fear. The room is meant to break prisoners’ spirit. Today, Room 101 is a comedy TV series where people talk about things about life that annoy them.

George Orwell: Quick Facts

Born Eric Blair in India in 1903

Returned to England a year later

Received an academic scholarship to attend Eton, a top private school

Changed his name to George Orwell for his writing

Fought in the Spanish Civil War against cruel leaders

Shot in the neck during the Spanish Civil War

Wrote ‘Animal Farm’ and ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ to criticise harsh and violent leaders during World War II.

6

Answer the following questions in full sentences:

1. Where and when was George Orwell born?

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2. How do you know that Orwell was an intelligent child?

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3. How did Orwell research ‘Down and Out in Paris and London’?

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4. What inspired George Orwell to write ‘Animal Farm’?

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5. Why wasn’t ‘Animal Farm’ printed at first?

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6. How has George Orwell’s writing influenced society since his death?

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7

George Orwell

George Orwell was a very influential writer.

Many writers, directors, actors, musicians and artists have been inspired by George Orwell and his work.

But Orwell’s influence is not just in the arts.

In ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’, he predicted a nightmarish world in which people were constantly watched by the government, and their every word and move was monitored.

Every day, we get closer to Orwell’s terrifying prediction.

8

In ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’, the violent masters teased the main character with this statement:

If you want a vision of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face - forever.

1. Who do you think Orwell imagines the ‘boot’ to belong to?

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2. ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ is a fictional story but can you think of any real life examples that fit Orwell’s description. Why? Why not?

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Think again about the biography of George Orwell.

1. List three things that happened during Orwell’s lifetime that influenced his writing (use the biographical factsheet to help you).

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2. In your own words, write one message that you think George Orwell might have wanted to share with the world in his books.

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10

Exit Quiz

Which statements are correct? (2)

a) George Orwell was writing at the same time as Charles Dickens and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

b) George Orwell wanted to stomp down on the ordinary working people when he fought in Spain.

c) George Orwell wanted to get out of fighting in World War II because he was scared of dying.

d) George Orwell was influenced by society at the time he was writing.

e) George Orwell has influenced society since the time he was writing.

Extension: Turn the incorrect answers into correct answers.

11


• An allegory is a story that has a hidden meaning, especially a moral one • It is similar to an extended metaphor • 'Animal Farm' is an allegory • 'Animal Farm' is a novel written in the third person

Do Now:

This is an example of a metaphor:

1. Explain what you think this metaphor means in your own words.

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2. Identify the tenor of the metaphor: the thing that is actually being described.

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3. Identify the vehicle of the metaphor: the imaginative idea that it is being

compared to.

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Extension: Can a metaphor be longer than a few lines? Could it spread across a whole novel? How?

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Hold fast to dreams For if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat cannot fly.

12

Today, we will be looking at another kind of metaphor.

It is called an allegory (alla-goree).

An allegory is a story with two meanings. It has a literal meaning, which is what actually happens in the story. But it also has a deeper meaning.

The deeper meaning is often a moral. It teaches you a lesson about life.

Let’s look at some examples of allegories.

The Hare and the Tortoise

The Hare was once boasting of his speed to the other animals. "I have never been beaten," said he, "when I run at my full speed. I challenge any one here to race with me."

The Tortoise said quietly, "I accept your challenge."

"That is a good joke," said the Hare; "I could dance round you all the way."

"Keep your boasting till you've beaten me," answered the Tortoise. "Shall we race?"

So a course was fixed and a start was made. The Hare darted almost out of sight at once, but soon stopped and, to show his contempt for the Tortoise, lay down to have a nap. The Tortoise plodded on and plodded on, and when the Hare awoke from his nap, he saw the Tortoise just near the winning-post. The hare could not run up in time to save the race.

This story is an allegory. It has two meanings.

The first, literal meaning is about a hare that races a tortoise. The tortoise wins the race.

What is the second, deeper meaning to this story?

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13

Let’s look at another allegory.

The Four Oxen and the Lion

A lion used to prowl about a field in which four oxen used to dwell. Many a time the lion tried to attack them, but whenever he came near they turned their tails to one another, so that whichever way he approached them he was met by the horns of one of them.

One day, however, they began quarrelling among themselves, and each ox went off to pasture alone in a separate corner of the field. Then the Lion attacked them one by one and soon made an end of all four.

This story is an allegory. It has two meanings.

The first, literal meaning is about four oxen that defend themselves from a lion, but are then killed.

What is the second, deeper meaning to this story?

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14

Let’s look at one more example.

The shepherd’s boy

There was once a young Shepherd Boy who looked after his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought upon a plan by which he could get some company and some excitement.

He rushed down towards the village calling out, "Wolf, Wolf!“. The villagers stopped their work and rushed out to meet him. But they soon realised that there was no wolf and they had been fooled. A few days afterwards the boy was bored and lonely again, so he tried the same trick. Once again, the villagers came to his help. They were annoyed to see that the boy had lied to them again.

But shortly after this a wolf actually did come out from the forest, and began to circle the sheep with hungry eyes and sharp teeth. The boy of course cried out "Wolf, Wolf," still louder than before. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving them, and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf made a good meal off the boy's sheep.

15

Allegory

These three stories are examples of allegories.

What did the three stories have in common?

Try to think of at least three things.

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First and Third Person

Let’s remind ourselves of the difference between first and third person:

'Animal Farm', the book we are studying this term, is written in prose. Prose is direct writing. It is straightforward. 'Animal Farm' is written in the third person. This means it describes the events happening to other people.

‘Oliver Twist’ was written in the third person as well:

In fact, there was almost no story to tell at all. For the first few moments of his life, Oliver did not take to breathing right away. Now, things might have been different had he been surrounded by loving aunts and grandmothers. They would have fussed and worried over him.

‘Sherlock Holmes’ is also written in prose, but Sherlock Holmes was written in the first person. It sounded like Dr Watson was telling you the story:

I had seen little of Holmes lately. My marriage had drifted us away from each other. My own complete happiness, and the home-centred interests which rise up around the man who first finds himself master of his own establishment, were sufficient to absorb all my attention, while Holmes, who loathed every form of society with his whole Bohemian soul, remained in our lodgings in Baker Street.

16

The three main features of an allegory are:

1. The literal meaning in allegories are often (but not always) about animals.

2. Allegories are usually written in the third person. They describe events happening to someone else.

3. The second, deeper meaning of an allegory contains a moral message.

People write allegories in this way for a reason. Let’s look at why allegories are written like this.

1. Literal meanings in allegories are often (but not always) about animals.

2. Allegories are usually written in the third person. They describe events happening to someone else.

3. The second, deeper meaning of an allegory contains a moral message.

• It is easier for us to work out the moral of a story when it is happening to something that isn’t a person, like an animal. We think about the situation more, and less about the character.

• This is also why allegories are written in the third person. We can see the mistakes other people are making easier than if the stories were written in the first person.

• Many allegories – like the ones we have just looked at – are about animals because they are written for younger readers. The stories are also meant to teach children an important lesson.

Sometimes, when something is written in the first person, you only get one, narrow perspective on what is happening.

What do you think is happening in this image?

17

But writing in the third person can show more events. It can give you a better view on what is happening.

What is actually happening in this image?

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18

We have done a lot of preparation for reading 'Animal Farm'.

You now need to do two things:

1. Write down what you already know about 'Animal Farm'.

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2. Write down what you are expecting the novel to be about. Remember to think about what you already know about George Orwell and his life.

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Exit Quiz


a) An allegory has a literal story and also a deeper meaning.

b) The moral of The Hare and the Tortoise is: united we stand, divided we fall.

c) George Orwell wrote 'Animal Farm' to say, ‘Slowly and surely wins the

race.’

d) All stories with animals in them are allegories.

e) George Orwell wrote 'Animal Farm' as an allegory to make a point about

the cruel leaders in Europe during World War II.


19


• On the farm there are pigs, dogs, hens, pigeons, sheep, cows, horses, a goat, a donkey, ducks, a cat and a raven.

• These animals have different uses on the farm • Horses are used to do a lot of the physical labour on a farm

Do Now: Identify the different parts of a farm:

Extension: What is a plough? What is it used for? Why do the hens have their own

house? _______________________________________________________________________

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farmhouse vegetable patch pig-sty wheelbarrow

hen-house stable tractor plough pail

20

Today, we are going to start reading ‘Animal Farm’. Let’s read about the owner of the farm and the animals that are on the farm.

Chapter 1 – Old Major’s Dream

Read from, ‘Mr Jones, of the Manor Farm…’

Read to, ’he cleared his throat and began.’

Comprehension check

Write down the answers to these questions:

1. Who is the owner of the farm?

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2. How would you describe the owner of the farm?

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3. What animals are there are on the farm?

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4. Who have the animals gathered to listen to?

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5. Which animal is ‘not of first-rate intelligence’?

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6. What features of an allegory can we identify already?

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21

The animals in the barn are the main characters in the novel.

Just as ‘humans’ can be ‘men’, ‘women’ and ‘children’, animals also have separate names for male, female and young versions. Orwell uses these specific terms in the novel, so we need to be aware of them before we read.

• Complete the sheet about farm animals.

• Make a note of any animals that have been named in the novel so far.

Pigs

Characteristics

Male Female Child

Types of meat

Uses on the farm Character names

Cows

Characteristics

Male Female Child

Types of meat

Uses on the farm

Chickens

Characteristics

Male Female Child

Types of meat

Uses on the farm

Dogs

Characteristics

Male Female Child



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• Complete the sheet about farm animals.

• Make a note of any animals that have been named in the novel so far.

Horses

Characteristics

Male Female Child


Donkeys

Characteristics

Male Female Child


Knowing these terms will be useful as we study ‘Animal Farm’.

‘Animal Farm’ is an allegory. Many allegories use animals as their main characters.

This is true of ‘Animal Farm’.

23

‘Animal Farm’ was published in 1945.

Farming has changed a lot since then!

We will watch a video that shows how farmers would have:

• ploughed the fields,

• prepared the fields for seeding,

• sowed seed in the fields, including use of a seed fiddle,

• collected and planted a potato crop,

• milked a cow, and

• churned milk into butter.

Muckross Traditional Farms – a step into the past (watch to 5.00)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0izIi_sEf1A

Write down the answers to these questions using full sentences:

1. What are the three main types of farm?

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2. How would a farmer make money from each of these three kinds of farm?

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3. How were horses used on a farm in 1945?

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4. How were cows used on a farm in 1945?

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0izIi_sEf1A

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Exit Quiz


a) Mr Jones is a kind and fair farmer.

b) At the time Orwell was writing, farms didn’t have lots of complicated

machinery.

c) All animals on a farm were bred for their meat.

d) A horse can be valuable to a farmer even after they have died.

e) All farm pigs are used to make meat.


25


• Old Major says that life on the farm is hard and miserable for all of the animals • Old Major describe Jones as a tyrant • Old Major says that a rebellion will lead the animals to happiness • Old Major dreams of a future where animals will rule themselves peacefully

Do Now:

1. Which animal has the worst life on a farm?

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2. Why do you think this?

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Extension: In 'Animal Farm', what do all of these animals have in common?

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26

Last lesson, we looked at some of the ways life would have been difficult for animals working on a farm. Today, Old Major is going to tell us more about the hardships on the farm.

We are also going to meet the main characters in 'Animal Farm'.

Chapter 1 – Old Major’s Dream (continued)

Let’s read from, ‘All the animals were now present…’

Read to, ‘in the nearest pond.’

Look back at the animals we studied last lesson.

Old Major explains how life is hard for each of these animals.

Next to each animal, write down why life is miserable for that animal on Manor Farm in your own words.

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Vocabulary: Tyrant

A tyrant (tie-rant) is someone who has total power and uses it in a cruel and unfair way.

For example: The headteacher at my previous school was a tyrant because she removed school holidays and expelled students that complained.

Answer the following question using a full sentence: Why does Old Major think that Jones, the farmer, is a tyrant?

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Let’s read the rest of the chapter 1.

Read from, ‘Is it not crystal clear,…’

Read to, ‘the whole farm was asleep in a moment.’

Vocabulary: Rebellion

A rebellion is a situation in which people fight against the government in their country.

For example: Old Major wants to start a rebellion.

Answer the following questions using full sentences:

1. Why does Old Major think a rebellion will end the tyranny on Manor Farm?

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2. What does Old Major think life will be like after the rebellion on Manor Farm?

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Exit Quiz

In Old Major’s opinion, which of these statements makes Jones a tyrant? (2)

a) He gets drunk.

b) He kills the pigs when they are young and sells them for meat.

c) He doesn’t produce anything himself. He lives off of the animals and makes his money from them.

d) He plaits Mollie’s hair with red ribbons.

e) He does not breed rats or mice on the farm.


29


• The animals stage a rebellion against Jones • Napoleon, Snowball and Squealer are the three main pigs on the farm • The animals write seven commandments on the barn wall

Do Now:

Why do the animals want to start a rebellion on the farm?

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Extension: Give one way life would be better for each of the animals after a rebellion.

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Recap of Chapter 1:

• Orwell shows us that the animals on the farm are fed up of Jones, who they think is a tyrant.

• Old Major has inspired the animals. He has given them a vision of a life without Man.

• In this world, the animals will not have any masters. Everything they make will be their own.

• They will not need to live in fear of Man any more.

30

Recap: “fallen on evil days”

In The Blue Carbuncle, Sherlock Holmes made a deduction about Henry Baker by looking at his hat.

Holmes said, “he has now fallen upon evil days.”

1. What does it mean to have ‘fallen on evil days’?

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2. How had Henry Baker ‘fallen on evil days’?

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We will find the phrase ‘fall on evil days’ in 'Animal Farm'. That is why we have revised this phrase!

Let’s find out how old Major’s speech inspires the animals.

Chapter 2 – The Rebellion

Read from, ‘Three nights later…’

Read to, ‘the Manor Farm was theirs.’

31

Comprehension check

1. What are the names of the three main pigs on the farm?

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2. How does Mollie respond to the idea of a rebellion?

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3. How do Boxer and Clover, the two horses, respond to the idea of a rebellion?

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4. How had Jones ‘fallen on evil days’?

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5. How do the animals take control of the farm?

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Making connections

1. What night does the Rebellion take place? How is this similar to a text we studied last year? What other similarities are there?

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2. How are the animals similar to Antonio in ‘The Tempest’?

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The animals have taken control of the farm!

Now they are able to start building the world that they want.

They can make old Major’s dream become a reality.

Let’s find out how their new society starts.

Let’s read up to the end of Chapter 2.

We have met many of the main characters in the novel.

As we read the novel, we will make some notes on each character using the Character List on the next page. We will return to this throughout the unit.

Today, we will begin making notes on the three main pigs in the novel.

The three main pigs are:

Look at how Orwell describes these three characters in this chapter. Each pig has its own personality and characteristics.

How you would describe each pig in this chapter?

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In the Character List resource sheet on the following page, make notes on these three characters.

33

Old Major, a boar

Napoleon, a pig

Snowball, a pig

Squealer, a pig

Mr Jones, a farmer

Boxer, a horse

Benjamin, a donkey

Character List: We will return to this resource throughout the unit.

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Vocabulary: Commandment

A commandment is an important rule.

For example: After the animals have taken over the farm, they write seven

commandments on the side of the barn wall.

With a partner, discuss why each of these commandments are important for the animals on the farm. You can write some notes in the box underneath:

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THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS OF ANIMAL FARM:

1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.

2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.

3. No animal shall wear clothes.

4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.

7. All animals are equal.

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THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.



4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.

5. No animal shall drink alcohol.

6. No animal shall kill any other animal.

7. All animals are equal.

Seven Commandments: We will return to this resource throughout the unit.

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Exit Quiz

Here is one of the seven commandments:

Why is this commandment important for the animals? (2)

a) The animals do not want to be like Man, so they will refuse to wear clothes.

b) The animals want to show that they are able to create their own clothes, so they will not wear anything made by Man.

c) Animals don’t need clothes because they do not feel the cold.

d) Clothes can be used to show status. All the animals are equal, so no animal should wear clothes.

e) The animals do not want to use money so they cannot afford clothes.


37


• The animals complete a successful harvest • Napoleon and Snowball disagree on a number of issues • The pigs take the apples and milk for themselves • The pigs convince the other animals that they need the milk and apples more

than the other animals • George Orwell wants us to question the behaviour of the pigs

Do Now:

Here is one of the seven commandments:

Why is this an important commandment for the animals?

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Extension: What other commandments can you remember? Why was the

commandment important?

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The animals have successfully thrown Jones out of the farm. They have established the rules for Animal Farm. Now we will find out how successful the animals will be on their own!

Chapter 3 – The First Harvest

Read from, ‘How they toiled…’

Read to, ‘…was given up to recreation’

At this point in the novel, the animals are having huge success on the farm.

List five reasons the animals’ first harvest was so successful:

1. ___________________________________________________________________________

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2. ___________________________________________________________________________

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3. ___________________________________________________________________________

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4. ___________________________________________________________________________

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5. ___________________________________________________________________________

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The animals are working together to make the farm work.

Let’s find out what happens next.

Let’s read to the end of the Chapter 3

Read from, ‘The Meeting always ended…’

Read to ‘…for the pigs alone.’

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At the end of Chapter 3, we find out what has happened to the milk and apples.

Turn back to your Character List resource sheet on Page 35.

In the passage we have just read, we found out more about Napoleon and Snowball.

What have we discovered about Napoleon and Snowball in Chapter 3? Add to your notes on them.

Napoleon Snowball

At the end of Chapter 2, the animals did not know where the cow’s milk had gone:

‘So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.’

At the end of Chapter 3, we find out what has happened to the milk and apples!

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Re-read the final three paragraphs of Chapter 3, from ‘The mystery of where the milk went to….’

1. What has happened in these three paragraphs?

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2. What do you think about what Squealer says?

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3. What do you think Orwell wants us to think about the pigs?

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4. What do you think Orwell wants us to think about the other animals?

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George Orwell said,

Why do you think the end of Chapter 3 is such an important part of the story?

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Numbers in brackets show the number of correct answers for each question.

1) Which statements about George Orwell are correct? (2) a) George Orwell was writing at the same time as Charles Dickens and Sir

Arthur Conan Doyle. b) George Orwell wanted to stomp down on the ordinary working people

when he fought in Spain. c) George Orwell wanted to get out of fighting in World War II because he

was scared of dying. d) George Orwell was influenced by society at the time he was writing. e) George Orwell has influenced society since the time he was writing.

2) Which statements about allegory are correct? (2)

a) An allegory has a literal story and also a deeper meaning. b) The moral of The Hare and the Tortoise is: united we stand, divided we fall. c) George Orwell wrote Animal Farm to say, ‘Slowly and surely wins the race.’ d) All stories with animals in them are allegories. e) George Orwell wrote Animal Farm as an allegory to make a point about

the cruel leaders in Europe during World War II. 3) Which statements are correct? (2)

a) Mr Jones is a kind and fair farmer. b) At the time Orwell was writing, farms didn’t have lots of complicated

machinery. c) All animals on a farm were bred for their meat. d) A horse can be valuable to a farmer even after they have died. e) All farm pigs are used to make meat.

4) In Old Major’s opinion, which of these statements makes Jones a tyrant? (2)

a) He gets drunk. b) He kills the pigs when they are young and sells them for meat. c) He doesn’t produce anything himself. He lives off the animals and makes

his money from them. d) He plaits Mollie’s hair with red ribbons. e) He does not breed rats or mice on the farm.

5) One of the seven commandments is ‘No animals shall wear clothes’. Why is this

commandment important for the animals? (2) a) The animals do not want to be like Man, so they will refuse to wear clothes.

Animal Farm Fortnightly Quiz

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Quiz

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b) The animals want to show that they are able to create their own clothes, so they will not wear anything made by Man.

c) Animals don’t need clothes because they do not feel the cold. d) Clothes can be used to show status. All the animals are equal, so no animal

should wear clothes. e) The animals do not want to use money so they cannot afford clothes.

6) How does Squealer convince the other animals that the pigs need to eat the

milk and apples? (2) a) He says that the pigs deserve the apples because they are the best animals

on the farm. b) He says they only eat them to protect the other animals. c) He lies and says that the apples and milk are essential for the welfare of

pigs. d) He uses proper scientific research to show that the pigs need the apples. e) He says that no-one had ever said that the apples would be shared.

7) Which animal is described as being ‘not much of a talker, but with a reputation

for getting his own way’? (1) a) Snowball b) Napoleon c) Squealer d) Boxer e) Benjamin

8) Which animal is described as being ‘not of first-rate intelligence’? (1)

a) Snowball b) Napoleon c) Squealer d) Boxer e) Benjamin

9) Which sentences use the words ‘rebel’ and ‘rebellion’ correctly? (2)

a) Rebellions are when people fight against authority. b) There was a rebel against the cruel king. c) There was a rebellion against the cruel king. d) I try to save money by taking part in rebellions. e) I want rebellion for the wrongs that have been done to me.

10) Which sentences best describe Old Major? (2)

a) He is a leader. b) He is wise. c) He is foolish. d) He is a tyrant. e) He is a coward.

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• ‘Animal Farm’ is an allegory • The characters and events in ‘Animal Farm’ are an allegory for the events of

the Russian Revolution • The leaders of the Rebellion represent the leaders of the Russian Revolution

Do Now:

Earlier this term, we looked at the term allegory.

1. What does the term allegory mean?

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2. What are the main features of an allegory?

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Extension: What features of allegory have we found so far in 'Animal Farm'?

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Recap: allegory

1. An allegory is a story with two meanings. It has a literal meaning, which is what actually happens in the story. But it also has a deeper meaning. The deeper meaning is often a moral. It teaches you a lesson about life.

2. An allegory often uses animals. This helps people to relate to what is happening. It makes it easier for people to understand the moral.

3. Allegories are also usually written in the third person. This means the story is written as if it is happening to someone else. This also allows people to understand the moral easier.

'Animal Farm' is an allegory.

The literal meaning is the story of a group of animals on a farm.

But it also has a deeper meaning.

The deeper meaning is about a group of Russians from the start of the 20th century.

Let’s find out more about the Russians that George Orwell wanted to write about.

Here is where Russia is located.:

It has a population today of around 145 million people. The UK has a population of around 70 million people.

It has an area of 17 million square kilometres. In comparison, the UK covers an area of around a quarter of a million kilometres. That makes Russia around 68 times larger than the UK by area.

Russia

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Read the information on The Russian Revolution

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Comprehension check

1. Why did the people in Russia want to rebel against their leaders?

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2. What are the main principles of communism?

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3. Who led the Russian Revolution?

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4. Which two people were in charge of Russia after the Russian Revolution?

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5. Were people in Russia better off after the Revolution?

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How does 'Animal Farm' link to the Russian Revolution? ‘Animal Farm’ is an allegory. The literal meaning is the story of a group of animals on a farm. But it also has a deeper meaning. The deeper meaning is about a group of Russians from the start of the 20th century.

Orwell wrote about many real locations, characters, events and ideas in his allegory.

On Page 48, you will find a resource titled Allegory: ‘Animal Farm’ and the Russian Revolution. It includes some features from the Russian Revolution and from ‘Animal Farm’. You need to complete the blank sections of the resource to show how 'Animal Farm' is an allegory for the Russian Revolution.

Include details that explain how the fiction of 'Animal Farm' is an allegory for real events.

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Events from the Russian Revolution Events from ‘Animal Farm’ Location: Russia

Location: Manor Farm, later renamed Animal Farm.

Event: The Russian Revolution

Event:

Person: Character: Farmer Jones

Person: Joseph Stalin

Character:

Person: Leon Trotsky

Character:

Person/s: Character: Old Major

Idea: Communism

Idea:

Allegory: ‘Animal Farm’ and the Russian Revolution

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'Animal Farm'

By writing an allegory, George Orwell wanted to show the reader the truth about what was happening in Russia.

Orwell wanted to show people how the leaders of Russia were treating their people.

Almost all of the events in 'Animal Farm' are an allegory for something that actually happened in Russia. Remember this as we read the novel!

Exit Quiz

How is 'Animal Farm' an allegory for the events of the Russian Revolution? (4)

a) The animal Rebellion and the Russian Revolution were both against farmers.

b) The animal Rebellion and the Russian Revolution both threw out cruel leaders.

c) Both the animal Rebellion and the Russian Revolution were led by popular and powerful people.

d) The animal Rebellion and the Russian Revolution wanted to make life fairer for ordinary workers.

e) After the animal Rebellion and the Russian Revolution, the people that were thrown out of power tried to take their country back.


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• News of the rebellion on Animal Farm has spread across half the country • Mr Jones and other humans attempt to reclaim the farm from the animals • The animals defeat the humans in the Battle of the Cowshed • Snowball and Boxer are the heroes of the Battle of the Cowshed

Do Now:

The first line of Chapter 4 reads:

What kind of information might be spreading about Animal Farm?

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Extension: Snowball and Napoleon deliberately spread this information. Why?

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‘By the late summer the news of what had happened on Animal Farm had spread across half the country.’

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Let’s read Chapter 4

Read from, ‘By the late summer …’

Read to, ‘…a prophecy of their future doom.’

Comprehension check

1. Who are Mr Pilkington and Mr Frederick?

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2. What lies are they spreading about Animal Farm?

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3. How do animals from elsewhere in the country respond when they hear positive information about Animal Farm?

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4. How do the human beings react when they hear their animals singing ‘Beasts of England’?

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Mr Jones and other local farmers are scared. They are worried that their animals will also rebel against them, and take over their farms.

Mr Jones and the other local farmers are going to take action. They are going to try to take back control of ‘Animal Farm’.

Let’s continue reading. Read from, ‘Early in October…’

Read to, ‘…anniversary of the Rebellion.’

The Battle of the Cowshed The animals fought hard to defend Animal Farm!

Match each stage of battle with what happened during it.

Stage of Battle What happened?

1. Attack 1

A. 3 horses, 3 cows and pigs cut men off from the back.

2. Attack 2

B. Snowball throws Jones into a pile of dung, making him lose his gun; Boxer strikes out with his hooves, hitting a stable-lad; all the animals attack.

3. Retreat C. The larger animals attach and butt the men.

4. Ambush D. All animals charge at men.

5. Charge E. Men rush out of yard with geese in chase.

6. Defence F. Animals retreat to yard; men think this is a false victory.

7. Final Battle G. Mr Jones shoots his gun (injures Snowball’s back and kills sheep).

8. Victory H. 35 pigeons drop dung on the men’s heads; geese peck at their calves.

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The heroes of the Battle of the Cowshed

After the Battle of the Cowshed,

‘The animals decided unanimously to create a military decoration, "Animal Hero, First Class," which was conferred there and then on Snowball and Boxer.’

Why are Snowball and Boxer the heroes of the Battle of the Cowshed?

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Read the following passage again:

Write down your answer to this question:

How does Orwell want a reader to feel towards Snowball and Boxer in this passage?

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Exit Quiz

How does Orwell show that animals and humans are enemies in this chapter? (3)

a) The humans spread lies about what is happening on Animal Farm.

b) The animals prepare to defend the farm from an attack from the humans.

c) Napoleon leads the animals in battle against the human invasion.

d) The animals defeat the human beings in a tough battle.

e) At the end of the battle, Jones and Snowball agree to a truce to avoid more deaths.


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• Napoleon and Snowball debate the issue of whether to build a windmill • Napoleon has trained the puppies to defend him and attack others • Napoleon chases Snowball off the farm • Napoleon takes control of the farm • Napoleon has been planning to take control of the farm for a while

Do Now:

These are people that were involved in the Russian Revolution:

1. Who are these four people? *use your worksheet from Page 48 to help you.

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2. What did they do in the Russian Revolution?

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Extension: Which characters in 'Animal Farm' represent each of these people?

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Today, we are going to find out what happens after the Battle of the Cowshed.

Chapter 5: The Windmill

Read from, ‘As winter drew on…’

Read to, ‘… no one had ever heard him utter before.’

Recap:

In Chapter 4, the animals were victorious in the Battle of the Cowshed.

Farmer Jones returned and tried to take the farm back from the animals, but the animals fought him off.

Snowball the pig and Boxer the horse were heroes of the battle.

Use this image to explain what happened in the passage you have just read:

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Summary

• Snowball wants to build a windmill on the farm. • Snowball says that the windmill will make life better for all of the animals on

the farm. • Napoleon is against the building of the windmill. He says it will be a waste of

time. • There is a debate. All of the animals listen to Snowball and Napoleon discuss

the windmill. • At the meeting, Snowball’s arguments are the most persuasive. The other

animals are about to vote to build the windmill, as Snowball wants.

Let’s read the rest of the chapter.

Chapter 5: The Windmill

Read from, ‘By the time he had finished speaking…’

Read to, ‘…without further questions.’

Use this image to explain what happened in the second part of this chapter:

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Exit Quiz


a) Napoleon wants the best for everyone on the farm. That is why he made himself leader.

b) Snowball was a traitor. That is why Napoleon wanted to get rid of him.

c) Snowball wanted to build the windmill to help make life easier for the other animals.

d) Napoleon has trained the dogs to protect all of the animals on the farm from attackers.

e) Napoleon has done a lot of secret planning to take control of the farm.


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• The pigs are corrupt • The animals work on building the windmill • The pigs take advantage of the other animals on the farm • The animals on the farm do nothing to stop the corruption on the farm • The pigs edit the commandments

Recap: corrupt

The pigs are corrupt. They are using their power in a dishonest way order to get an advantage for themselves.

This means they are corrupt.

Corrupt is an adjective. It is a word that describes.

Do Now:

Turn back to the Seven Commandments resource sheet on Page 37.

• Which commandments have been broken?

• Which animals have broken the commandments?

Write your answers to these questions on the Seven Commandments resource sheet.

Extension: Look at the commandments that have been broken. Why were these commandments so important?

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The pigs are corrupt. However, this probably won’t lead to a public scandal.

Why not?

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Let’s find out how the animals begin building the windmill.

Chapter 6: corruption on Animal Farm

Read from, ‘All that year…’

Read to, ‘… no one was able to imagine.’

As we read today, look for examples of how Orwell shows us that the pigs are becoming more and more corrupt.

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Let’s look at some quotations in a little more detail.

How does Orwell make life for the animals sound positive?

How does Orwell make life for the animals sound negative?

How does Orwell present Boxer as admirable?

How does Orwell present Boxer as foolish?

All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings.

To see [Boxer] toiling up the slope inch by inch, his breath coming fast, the tips of his hoofs clawing at the ground, and his great sides matted with sweat, filled everyone with admiration. Clover warned him sometimes to be careful not to overstrain himself, but Boxer would never listen to her. His two slogans, "I will work harder" and "Napoleon is always right," seemed to him a sufficient answer to all problems. He had made arrangements with the cockerel to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour. And in his spare moments, of which there were not many nowadays, he would go alone to the quarry, collect a load of broken stone, and drag it down to the site of the windmill unassisted.

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Let’s find out how the pigs are becoming more and more corrupt.

Chapter 6: corruption on Animal Farm

Read from, ‘One Sunday morning…

Read to, ‘… no complaint was made about that either.’

Turn back to the Seven Commandments resource sheet on Page 37.

Look at commandment 4: No animal shall sleep in a bed.

1. How has this commandment changed?

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2. Why do the pigs say they need to sleep in beds?

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3. Is this fair?

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• Edit the sheet to match the new, changed commandment.

• In the space under the commandment, explain how the pigs convinced the other animals that they need to sleep in beds.




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You are now going to answer this question:

Why don’t the animals on the farm get angry about how corrupt the pigs are becoming?

Write two paragraphs.

You can write about:

• The animals’ intelligence

• How the pigs are fooling the other animals

• How the pigs take advantage of them

• How the pigs distract the animals on the farm

• How the pigs intimidate the other animals.

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Exit Quiz

Which of these events show that the pigs are corrupt? (2)

a) The pigs sleep in the beds in the farmhouse.

b) The pigs keep the milk and apples for themselves.

c) The pigs fought in the Battle of the Cowshed.

d) Boxer and the sheep are unable to learn how to read.

e) Boxer decides he will wake up 45 minutes early each day to work on the windmill.


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• A storm destroys the windmill • Napoleon claims that Snowball is responsible • The animals are instructed to rebuild the windmill • The construction of the first and second windmills represent Stalin’s first and

second Five-Year Plans for modernising Russia

Do Now:

How have the animals’ lives already improved as a result of building the windmill?

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Extension: Has the process of building the windmill been entirely positive for the animals – are some negative effects starting to emerge?

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Student Name - Ark Victoria Academy

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