Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report 2008 - City of Salem

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Introduction Program Background, Crew, Maps

Annual Variability Variables, Graphs

Battle Creek Watershed Waln, Battle, Scotch, and Powell Creek

Upper Claggett Watershed Claggett Creek

Croisan Creek Croisan Creek and Golf Creek

Glenn/Gibson Watershed Glenn Creek, Gibson Creek, and Tributaries

Little Pudding River The East and West Forks of Little Pudding

Mill Creek Watershed Mill Creek, Mill Race, and Shelton Ditch

Pringle Creek Watershed All Forks of Pringle Creek, Clark Creek

Restoration Project Site Proposal, Project Overview, Costs, Plants Used

Community Outreach/Projects Statesman Journal, Service Requests, Continued Site Maintenance

Transient Camps Handling and Maps

Danger and Safety Dangers, Equipment, and Protocol

Conclusion Summary, Recommendations, Contacts, Acknowledgments

Supplemental Material Weekly Reports, Natural Debris, and Trash Totals

Introduction Program History In 1996 the Willamette Valley experienced a series of abnormal weather conditions. An unusually wet winter led to severely packed snow, followed by plummeting temperatures with freezing rain and then a series of intense surges of subtropical moisture. These conditions resulted in extensive flooding. After experiencing one of the worst floods since 1964, the City of Salem initiated the Stream Cleaning Program (the Program) in 1998 as a preventative measure for future stormwater emergencies. Initially, the goal of the program was to reduce potential flooding by increasing stormwater conveyance. After a successful start, the program decided to broaden its horizons by additionally focusing on the restoration and maintenance of stream habitat. This change directed the hiring of skilled college students with educational backgrounds in environmental science. Along with expanding the program, this change also created the opportunity for college students to apply classroom knowledge to real life situations. A strong background in environmental science allows crew members to make educated decisions in the field, balancing consideration of conveyance with that of environmental health. 2008 Summer Highlights Marked as the eleventh successful year, the 2008 stream crew dedicated their summer to cleaning and maintaining Salem’s waterways. Picking up trash, removing invasive species, and disassembling debris jams were all tasks dealt with on a daily basis. This year’s crew consisted of three returning crew members and five new crew members. The returning crew members greatly contributed to this year’s success by stepping up as leaders and helping keep the crew organized and focused. The crew worked from June 23rd through September 19th, 2008. In this three month period the crew cleaned over 49 miles of streams and removed a total of 27,200 lbs of trash and 131 yd3 of natural debris. The 2008 stream crew experienced a number of summer highlights, including the following:

• Statesman Journal Article Stefanie Knowlton, a reporter from the Statesman Journal, accompanied the crew as they cleaned Shelton Ditch. She and the photographer were very inquisitive and excited to learn about stream cleaning activities. The story ran on the paper’s front page!

• Fish Screen Maintenance at Mill Race/Mill Creek

This year the crew assisted Stormwater Services’ field crew by cleaning debris at the Mill Race/Mill Creek fish screen. Due to excessive summer algal growth and occasional leaves/debris in Mill Creek, the crew was in charge of keeping the fish screen clear to ensure consistent flow in Mill Race.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Introduction 1

• Invasive Species Identification, Population Growth and Location Mapping Japanese Knotweed and Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) have become invasive species of interest for this year’s stream crew. Due to their rapid colonization and regeneration, the crew is discouraged from cutting any part of these plants. Throughout the season the crew continued to track locations of both Japanese Knotweed and Purple Loosestrife. Mapping their locations and population growth became daily routines for this year’s stream crew.

• Transient Camp Clean-up with the Support of Salem Police Department A collaborative effort between the Salem Police Department and the Stream Crew led to the cleaning of a transient camp along Shelton Ditch.

• Willamette Education Service District Restoration Project This year’s restoration project involved a section along Clark Creek, behind the Willamette Education Service District (ESD). Compost and erosion matting were laid, after invasives were removed, and approximately 65 native plants were planted. Willamette ESD was very excited about the project and supported the crew’s efforts.

Report Overview The following report is a review of 2008 Stream Cleaning Program activities. Section 2 provides a brief numeric and statistical summary of the program. Graphs and charts in the section are broken down by creek, comparing trash and natural debris totals in 2008 to the Program’s eleven year history. Sections 3 through 9 provide a summary of activities for each watershed cleaned by the crew (in alphabetical order by watershed). These sections include watershed description, interesting finds and observations, crew cleaning activities, as well as data for miles cleaned and material removed from each creek. Specific projects and training events are discussed in sections 10 through 13. These sections provide information on projects such as the transient camp clean-up and restoration project, while also discussing safety considerations for the crew. Section 14 reflects on outcomes of this year’s stream crew; analyzing the program’s growth and successes throughout the years. Finally, Section 15 includes the Environmental Aides weekly reports, summer contacts, and acknowledgements.


The 2008 Stream Crew

Back row: from left to right: Zach Rix*, Tyler Dearman*, Carly Wilson, Billy Johnson Front Row: from left to right: Luke Westphal, Katelyn Wright, Nora Kaufmann, Dax

Strubb * denotes crew leaders


Annual Variability Each year the stream crew faces a number of variables that affect seasonal outcomes. Some of these variables can be controlled such as: crew size, length of the season, and experience. Meanwhile, others such as: weather, illegal dumping, transient activity, and construction fluctuate from year to year. Among other things, the crew also struggles with daily challenges. These can range anywhere from a sick crew member to a vehicle not starting. Listed below is a summary of some of the factors that affected seasonal outcomes of this year’s 2008 Stream Cleaning Program.

1. Size and Experience of the Stream Crew Throughout the years, the Program has fluctuated in size. This year’s crew consisted of eight college Interns, one of the second smallest crews in the Program’s history. Fortunately, the crew welcomed back three returning crew members, two of which became Crew Leads. Knowledge and experience from previous years allows returning crew members to apply past techniques and strategies to current situations.

2. Duration of the Season The 2008 crew worked for approximately three months and cleaned a total of seventeen creeks. However, in previous years, the Program has fluctuated between 2 to 4 months in duration. Crew size, experience, weather, and extent of illegal dumping activity all factor into the duration of the season.

3. Weather In comparison to previous years, the 2007-08 winter delivered above average rainall, snow and the occasional ice. The lowered temperatures with excess rain persisted until nearly the end of June, causing an increase in flow and higher water levels. Additionally, the crew encountered their share of one hundred degree days; at which they were instructed to not overexert themselves and be sure to avoid heat exhaustion.

4. Dump Sites and Transient Activity The number and severity of dump sites and transient activity greatly affects outcomes of the season. Higher trash totals and length of time cleaning small sections of creek result from illegal activity such as these. An increase in community awareness has shown promising improvements in the reduction of dump sites found from year to year. However, certain sections of creeks have continuously upheld their annual reputation for illegal dumping activity. For example, in the vicinity of Hyacinth and Hawthorne (Claggett Creek) the crew spent nearly a full day removing rolls of carpet, tires, a mattress, and multiple bags of garbage.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Annual Variability 1


5. Recycling of Natural Debris

While working out in the creeks, the crew cuts and removes natural debris that reduces conveyance. Himalayan Blackberries, English Ivy, and large debris jams obstructing flow are all taken to Minto Brown to be recycled as compost. Due to the recent implementation of this recycling effort, trash totals in the earlier years of the Program included natural debris (that is now recycled).

6. Additional Projects Each year the stream crew strives to incorporate community outreach and restoration projects into their agenda. This year’s crew was unable to coordinate an ivy pull with Willamette Academy (as in previous years), however assisted with maintenance of a mitigation site, conducted a restoration project, and responded to multiple service requests from the public. The crew also assisted with maintenance of the fish screen at Mill Creek/Mill Race and mapping of invasive vegetation throughout Salem’s waterways.

7. Coordination and Community Contacts As the stream crew makes their way through numerous creeks in Salem, obstacles and situations occur throughout the summer. It is the duty of the Environmental Aide (EA) to scout out creeks for any unforeseen obstacles that may occur while cleaning. Additionally, the EA is in charge of contacting homeowners, business owners and departments involved with creek access, cleaning, and the coordination of special projects. Because of the short duration of the season, to the crew is held to a tight schedule. Private property access, creek conditions (flow), and inter-departmental coordination can all influence scheduling and the crew’s progress.

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2008 Natural Debris Removed per Creek


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1380

5260

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2008 Trash Removed per Creek


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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

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1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

49000

97467

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28450

71590

30860

23480

28495

43735

27200

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Eleven Year Trash Removed per Year


Creek Totals Throught the Years

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 11 yr totalsTRASH 49000 97467 46780 72520 28450 71590 30860 23480 28495 43735 27200 513017

Creek Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds PoundsBattle/Waln 4000 300 2000 1340 1850 13220 1275 720 1700 2060 1380 29845Claggett 0 54137 16120 15640 3220 5800 6830 1880 6300 7735 5260 122922Clark 3000 1450 1360 1440 1420 6180 1360 760 1300 1644 480 20394Croisan 0 400 2440 2260 2520 3920 270 340 0 920 340 13410Gibson 0 0 0 3060 520 3440 220 160 540 573 180 8693Glenn 0 2100 1560 5720 1740 4720 780 500 1500 1918 820 21358Little Pudding 0 2700 2000 620 380 710 0 0 0 2260 1940 10610Mill 34000 17360 15920 7920 9120 6180 8000 5780 9290 4240 117810Pringle 8000 12150 10740 10780 4480 15520 8425 5580 6255 9659 5980 97569Shelton 0 6870 4000 15740 4400 8960 5520 5540 5120 7576 6520 70246TOTAL 49000 97467 40220 72520 28450 71590 30860 23480 28495 43735 27200 513017Other Creeks 100 60

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 11 yr totalsDEBRIS 120 140 33 42 5 111 217 148 151 147 131 1245

Creek yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3 yds3

Battle/Waln 10 10 0 0 0 40 44 23 30 23 13.5 193.5Claggett 0 25 9 6 0 13 16 12 2 1 0 84Clark 10 10 0 0 0 15 13 13 27 19 18 125Croisan 0 5 0 0 0 0 10 8 0 8 4 35Gibson 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 12 2 2 21 47Glenn 0 15 18 0 0 0 20 27 17 20.5 14 131.5Little Pudding 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 12Mill 60 25 0 20 5 0 12 0 4 12 0 138Pringle 40 30 6 16 0 35 87 53 69 59 57.5 452.5Shelton 0 10 0 0 0 8 5 0 0 0 0 23TOTAL 120 140 33 42 5 111 217 148 151 147 131 1245Turnage Brook 2.5 1Other Projects 85 33


Battle Creek Watershed Battle Creek, Scotch Creek, Powell Creek, and Waln Creek Watershed Description: Located in South Salem, the Battle Creek Watershed is composed of four creeks. Waln Creek, stretching 2.6 miles, is one of the longest creeks cleaned by the crew. Further South, Waln, Scotch, and Powell Creek all converge into Battle Creek. This separation occurs within the Battle Creek Golf Course. Battle Creek and Powell Creek also run through Creekside Golf Course. Creeks within both golf courses have not been cleaned in the past because of private grounds keeping staff. However, with Battle Creek Golf Course currently on the market and the City of Salem looking into the possibility of purchasing the South half of the golf course, the crew is very hopeful to add this section of creek to their list for future cleaning. While developments and reimplementation of a new golf course appears favorable to most, the issue remains controversial as to whether the City of Salem will buy the Southern half of the Battle Creek Golf Course and initiate a city-owned flood-control and environmental-enhancement project. Over the last few years, a recent surge of housing developments have narrowed in on the South Salem area. Stream-side properties and new communities put pressure on wildlife and threaten the stability of the natural habitat. Along with developmental pressures, the Battle Creek Watershed struggles to fight sediment build-up, erosion, large debris jams, and invasive species; mainly Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus). Crew Cleaning: In the past, pumps, dams and dumping of yard debris have been issues faced by the stream crew; this year was no exception. Procedures the crew follows when faced with these instances include: taking photos, identifying the homeowner’s address where the problem is occurring, and reporting their findings to the Environmental Aide (EA). Once obtained by the EA, Community Enforcement is contacted and informed. Waln Creek was the first creek finished by the crew, followed by Battle Creek, Powell Creek, and Scotch Creek. Despite having dry waders, fresh gloves, and clean shirts, the crew did not hesitate to dive right in. Debris jams welcomed the crew with sticks and trash interwoven between the larger logs. Fences, stretching across the creek, catching anything and everything flowing downstream also proved to be a nuisance to clean. In addition, much of the Battle Creek Watershed consists of heavy sediment build-up; making every step a struggle when carrying bags of blackberries back to the truck.

Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris 4.83 mi 1380 lbs 285 lbs/mi 13.5 yd3 2.8 yd3/mi

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Battle Creek Watershed 1

Tree roots and retaining walls help to stabilize the bank and prevent more erosion.

Debris jams consist of large logs intertwined with small sticks and trash.

A homeowner pumps water out of the creek for a personal water feature in their backyard.

Tires embedded 1/3 or more into the bank are left for stabilization and habitat.

Waln Creek before the crew works their way through the blackberries.

The same section of creek after the crew has cleared a path.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Battle Creek Watershed 2

Upper Claggett Watershed Claggett Creek Watershed Description: Throughout the years Clagget Creek has established an unpleasant reputation. Couches, tires, carpet, Christmas trees, shopping carts, and mattresses are all obstacles found in the creek each year. With only 1.54 miles passing through the north Salem city limits, it is not uncommon for Claggett Creek to yield one of the highest trash totals for the season. Other commonalities include erosion, high turbidity, illicit discharges (primarily from dumping), and transient camps. Although erosion is a natural process, dumping and heavily foot trafficked areas contribute to poor bank stabilization, leading to less vegetation. High turbidity and illicit discharges can also result in unfavorable living conditions for aquatic life.

Another on-going struggle for Claggett is the elevated amount of transient activity. For the past few years the crew has coordinated with Salem Police Department to clean transient camps along Claggett Creek. This process involved a posted 24 hour notice to vacate the premises and remove all personal items. Once the camp was cleared by the officer, the stream crew initiated the clean-up. Any trash, personal, or miscellaneous items left behind were bagged for disposal. Transient activity along waterways contributes to poor water quality. Washing, bathing, and urination are all commonly done in the creek.

Aside from the negative, Claggett Creek is also home to a variety of habitat. Birds, tadpoles, crawdads, and other small amphibians all reside in or around Claggett Creek. One site in particular, located west of Portland Road, is home to the Northgate Wetlands. Much of this stretch maintains a clean and healthy record with thriving native plants and the occasional beaver sighting. Crew Cleaning:

Every year Claggett Creek has something new to offer the crew; whether it is rolls of carpet, mattresses, Christmas trees, dead animals, couches, and much more. A large dumpsite located off of Hyacinth and Hawthorne has proven to be annual practice for using the boom. This year the crew discovered a car battery that had been dumped into the creek with an open cell. Environmental service’s Jim Van Houten was called and came out to remove the battery. The crew worked for three days on a small 1.35 mile stretch of Claggett Creek. Due to the large amount of trash, the crew did not remove any natural debris. Invasive species are not an immediate threat to Claggett Creek. However, several debris jams consisting of large logs, trash and small sticks were removed from the creek. Because sections of Claggett Creek suffer from a minimal amount of vegetation along the stream banks, the crew decided to leave the larger logs along the banks to promote ecological facilitation.

In comparison to previous years, overall trash totals have decreased. This year the crew removed a total of 5260 lbs of trash; compared to last year’s 7735 lbs. A recent renovation of the Wayside Terrace units may have been a contributing factor in the decreased amount of trash found in the creek this year. Returning crew members were surprised and hopeful to see a reduction in the amount of trash found in Claggett Creek this year.

Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris

1.35 mi 5260 lbs 3908 lbs/mi 0 yd3 0 yd3/mi

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Upper Claggett Watershed 1

Oil containers, batteries, and illicit discharges are often found in or around the creek.

Dumping scours banks and intensifies erosion, leading to minimal vegetation.

A large debris jam backs up water and proves to be an obstacle for the crew.

Progress being made after ten minutes on the same debris jam.

Dax, Carly, Zach and Nora wishing you a Merry Christmas…in July!

Carly is all smiles, even after collecting carpet, a mattress, a car seat, and several tires.


Luke inspects a debris jam consisting of tires, treated wood and a couch.

With cart in hand, Nora is ready to go shopping.

Zach and Dax tackle one of the three rolls of carpet removed from the creek.

The carpet spans almost the entire length of the dump truck.

Zach works hard pulling a tire out of the creek. Dax operates the boom to help with large

unmanageable items.


Croisan Creek Watershed Croisan Creek, Golf Creek Watershed Description: Bordering Salem’s southwest city limits, Croisan Creek flows through a variety of wetlands and rural housing communities. Areas with densely populated natives are now competing with newly developing communities. Heavy construction threatens riparian zones and wildlife, putting them at risk for habitat alteration. Fortunately, sections of Croisan Creek are lined with parks, private property and natural areas to prevent creek habitat from being put into jeopardy. This year’s crew sighted many areas containing wildlife and thriving native plants. However, Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) and Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) continue to overtake a majority of the banks along the creek. Due to thick invasives and deep sections, most areas of Croisan Creek were spot checked for trash and other potential flood hazards. Crew Cleaning: This year’s crew spent a total of two days working in Croisan Creek. Although many sections of the creek weave in and out of the city limits, the crew managed to clean the entire length (within the city limits). A total of 4 yd3 and 340 lbs of trash were removed. Thick invasives and unexpected deep sections of creek made for a surprise with every step. Many crew members were caught off guard by the depth of the creek and topped their waders first thing in the morning. While working in Croisan Creek, the crew discovered a fish ladder that had been dammed up by beavers. The dam had stopped the flow completely and created a large lake in a wetland area. After careful evaluation, the dam was disassembled to allow proper function of the fish ladder. Also while working in Croisan Creek, the crew discovered a construction site that appeared to be dumping materials into the creek and causing erosion. The crew took pictures, documented the location and reported back to the Environmental Aide. Environmental Services was contacted and notified of the happenings along Croisan Creek.

Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris 4.34 mi 340 lbs 78 lbs/mi 4 yd3 0.9 yd3/mi

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Croisan Creek Watershed 1

Luke and Dax maneuver through waist deep water to find the source damming up the creek.

The crew works together to disassemble a beaver dam which stopped flow completely.

A section of creek before the crew starts work.

The same section of creek after the crew has disassembled a beaver dam.

Construction work, discovered by the crew, caused large pieces of material to be pushed into the creek, disturbing and damming up flow.

Erosion was also caused by the construction site, as excess dirt and debris were pushed towards the bank of the creek.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Croisan Creek Watershed 2

Glenn/ Gibson Watershed Glenn Creek, Gibson Creek, and their tributaries Watershed Description: The Glenn/Gibson Watershed is composed of many tributaries, along with two main creeks. Glenn Creek, one of the larger creeks cleaned by the crew, includes tributaries: Archer Brook, Goldcrest Brook, and Gibson Creek. Only a small section of Gibson Creek passes through the city limits of Salem, allowing the crew to finish in a short amount of time. However, Wilark Brook, a tributary of Gibson Creek is also cleaned and makes up for the short distance by offering thick patches of Himilayan Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) and dense trees. The crew managed to remove nearly six cubic yards of natural debris over a small stretch of 0.35 miles. Over the past several years West Salem has expanded its housing communities. Developers continue to encroach on stream banks and riparian zones, narrowing and potentially relocating wildlife and aquatic organism. Although developmental pressure continues to threaten natural areas along the streams, West Salem is equipped with a very active watershed council (Glenn-Gibson Watershed Council). This council is dedicated to preserving headwaters of local streams, eliminating invasive species, improving the quality of parks, restoring wetlands through native plantings, and encouraging developers and homeowners with stream-side property to pay extra attention to environmental affects. “Take less and leave more,” is a common motto used to describe West Salem’s watershed cleaning. Because of the geography of West Salem and the proactive Glenn-Gibson Watershed Council the crew is encouraged to leave larger woody debris to enhance natural surroundings and stimulate habitat growth. Birds, beavers, and a few small crustaceans flourish from the sizeable amount of natural debris left behind. While leaving more does promote a positive impact on the creek environment, it also increases the frequency of debris jams. With larger pieces left, small sticks, trash, and sediment all have the potential to become caught; creating a backup in flow. Overall, the affects of leaving more and taking less have proven to be successful for most area of West Salem, and will continue to build and strengthen the natural ecosystem. Crew Cleaning: This year the crew faced many challenges. From poison oak, to beavers, to bee stings, this year’s crew managed it all. While working in Glenn Creek the crew encountered several yellow jackets’ nests, some with surprise attacks. One crew member was stung five times, while others ran to avoid the attack. Luckily, no signs of swelling or inflammation were present from the stings and the crewmember made a full recovery. Another situation faced by the crew involved two very busy beavers. One beaver chomped down small trees in a homeowner’s backyard. Meanwhile, another beaver built a large dam causing water to back up and the creek to become much deeper and wider. While the crew did not want to disturb or discourage the natural beaver activity, they did however break apart one of the beaver dams to decrease flood hazard potential. The crew also managed to pull out several small trees which the beaver had drug into the creek. The crew was able to clean Glenn, Gibson, Archer Brook, Wilark Brook and Goldcrest Brook. Trash totals have decreased, but natural debris totals rose higher than previous years.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Glenn/Gibson Watershed 1

Gibson Creek


Glenn Creek


Beavers are very active in West Salem; cutting down small trees along banks and dragging them into the creek.

One beaver dam dramatically minimized flow, causing the creek to expand and become very deep.

Although the crew is encouraged to, “take less and leave more”, some debris jams can become overbearing.

The crew works hard cutting and bagging blackberry.


This year the crew ran into many surprise attacks by Yellow Jackets.

Small sprouts of Japanese Knotweed spread into a homeowner’s backyard.

Although construction approaches stream banks, wildlife is still prevalent around Gibson Creek.

The crew works hard to remove a tree from the creek, drug in by a busy beaver.

A homeowner, concerned about erosion, called in a fallen tree on Glenn Creek.

Zach and Tyler formulate a plan before tackling the tree removal.


Little Pudding Watershed East and West Forks of the Little Pudding River Watershed Description: Located in Northeast Salem, the East and West Forks of Little Pudding River pass through a 5 mile stretch of Salem’s city limits. Upon entering the city limits, Little Pudding River flows through many fields of farm land and flat grassy plains. Once inside the city limits, the East and West forks flow through many residential and commercial areas. Much of Little Pudding River alternates between dry beds and marsh like stretches with some larger areas of slow moving water. The vegetation along the banks is dominated by reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), creating little variety of habitat and food sources for most species. Slow moving water in combination with the domination of reed canary grass can also put aquatic life at risk for temperature spikes due to little or no shade from the scarce amount of native trees along the banks. Crew Cleaning: This is the second consecutive year the crew has cleaned Little Pudding River since 2003, and they hope to make a tradition of it. The crew walked a total of 4.17 miles and managed to remove 1,940 lbs of trash, along with 2 yd3 of natural debris. While much of Little Pudding remained clean, some areas were heavily polluted with trash. In one day, the crew pulled out 1640 lbs of trash. Dumpsters, located along the creek bank, of an apartment complex heavily contributed to the large amount of trash collected in the creek. In 2007, stream crew members planted additional natives along the West Fork of Little Pudding for a homeowner who had participated in the Free Tree Program. The Free Tree Program was initiated by the City of Salem in 2003 to increase shade, habitat diversity, and help with erosion control by promoting bank stabilization though the plantings of native plants along waterways. This program allows homeowners with streamside property to obtain native plants to plant along their creek. Most areas of Little Pudding River are dominated by reed canary grass, making trash visibility an issue. In addition to visibility issues, the height of the grass proved to be somewhat difficult to navigate through. Next year the crew hopes to coordinate with the City of Salem’s ditch mowing crew to increase trash visibility and the pace of the cleaning.


2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Little Pudding River 1

Shopping carts are a very common find for the crew.

Feces are discarded along side the creek.

Dry beds dominate a majority of the East and West Forks.

Deep within the reed canary grass lays a creek.

Luke collects trash along the bank behind an apartment complex.

Stagnant water can lead to increased algal growth and poor dissolved oxygen, making conditions unfavorable for aquatic organisms.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Little Pudding River 2

Mill Creek Watershed Mill Creek, Mill Race, and Shelton Ditch Watershed Description: The Mill Creek Watershed contains Shelton Ditch, Mill Race and Mill Creek. Shelton Ditch diverges from Mill Creek at Weir Dam (north of Mission St and Airport Rd), continues through downtown Salem before converging with Pringle Creek near City Hall. Shelton Ditch is a man-made channel built in the mid-1800’s to reduce flood hazards along Mill Creek. Mill Race, another man-made waterway, splits from Mill Creek at Mill Race Park. Originally, Mill Race was constructed for industrial use and power generation. Today, the Mill Race flows freely through Salem (including Mission Mill Museum and Willamette University), until it converges with Pringle Creek. Mill Creek is the largest creek within Salem’s city limits. Flowing in a northwest direction, Mill Creek passes under I-5 and through rural and urban areas, before winding through the city and discharging into the Willamette River. Due to limited access and greater creek depths, the crew starts their cleaning at Weir Dam (finishing at Front Street near the Willamette River). Working in the creeks near the downtown areas of Mill Creek and Shelton Ditch can prove to be a challenge. Obstacles such as parking, busy streets, and an increase in transient activity cause the crew to remain on high alert. Dumping is another problem that becomes more prevalent in the downtown area. Bridges, providing ease of access, and create prime opportunity for a ‘dump and dash’ incident. Among other things, hypodermic needles are also a frequent find for the crew. Sharps containers and nabbers are used to properly remove these hazards from the creeks. Crew Cleaning: Cleaning Mill Creek Watershed is an enjoyable experience for the crew. With frequent depth changes, excessive trash accumulation, and limited access, the crew is equipped with a ten foot aluminum boat and large service truck. The boat is devoted to floating trash and large items down the creek. On occasion, the crew encounters a deep spot which requires them to hang onto the edge of the boat for flotation or stability. In addition to use of the boat and service truck, the crew’s wardrobe also changes. Chest waders and personal flotation devices are worn while working in this watershed with deeper creeks. A throw rope is also carried by the crew in case of an emergency. Throughout the summer the crew spends a majority of their time to removing natural debris that may impair streamflow. Because Shelton Ditch and Mill Creek have wide stream channels and the risk of vegetation to impair streamflow is reduced, natural debris removal is not as much of an issue as with other creeks. Occasionally the crew may come across a tree limb or a large debris jam wedged underneath the bridge pylons. These debris jams can be particularly difficult for the crew because of water depth, current and large log size. Debris that is overly challenging or dangerous is referred to Stormwater Services’ field crew for removal. This year the crew was fortunate to have cleaned Shelton Ditch while the flow was lowered for bridge inspections. The low flow conditions allowed for greater trash visibility, as well as easier maneuvering while walking the creek. Interesting things found in the creek include: seven shopping carts, a car seat, a stroller, one tire, and four hypodermic needles. The

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Mill Creek Watershed 1

crew also identified a number of transient camps along Shelton Ditch. The camps were photographed and documented, with information forwarded to the Salem Police Department. Following cleaning of Shelton Ditch, the crew cleaned Mill Race. The 2007 crew cleaned Mill Race and found trash to be very abundant. Shopping carts, electronic devices, batteries and scrap metal all contributed to the 1,550 lbs of trash removed by the 2007 crew. Prior to then, Mill Race had not been cleaned since 2004. This year’s crew removed 820lbs of trash and returning crew members were excited to see it much cleaner than the year prior. Mill Creek was cleaned late in the summer to allow the crew to clean during low-flow conditions. As with Shelton Ditch, the crew was very excited to work together as 1 big team (rather than 2 smaller crews). The boat, along with a small crane on the service truck, proved to be helpful in cleaning Mill Creek. Tires, garbage cans, scrap metal, hypodermic needles, and an entire fence contribute to the 4240 pounds of trash removed from Mill Creek. As the crew moved further downstream and into the downtown area, the amount of trash collected seem to increase. As a result, the crew was required to stop at almost every bridge to hoist out their accumulated bags of trash. Mill Creek and Mill Race

Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris 5.11 mi 4240 lbs 830 lbs/mi 0 yd3 0 yd3/mi

Shelton Ditch

Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris 5.35 mi 6520 lbs 1220 lbs/mi 0 yd3 0 yd3/mi

A photo of Weir Dam where Shelton Ditch Diverges from Mill Creek.

Ducks and geese are a common sight along Mill Creek.


Mill Race

Blackberries hang over and into the creek. English Ivy takes over a bridge along Mill

Race.

While most of Mill Race remained fairly clean, occasional trash was collected.

The crew works their way through Mission Mill.

Ducks wait and watch as the crew approaches their favorite swimming area.

The crew sticks to the left to avoid wader topping depths.


Shelton Ditch

The boom, a small crane, comes in very handy when removing large objects such as a shopping cart.

A large metal chain was found along the banks of Shelton Ditch.

Occasionally the crew gets a good laugh out of things like this rubber chicken found in the creek.

Trash accumulates very quickly, causing the crew to leave flagged piles at access points.

Large logs found in the creek are either removed or set upon the bank to prevent future debris jams.

Logs and other debris can create problems downstream if neglected.


A pump was found along Shelton Ditch. Community Enforcement was notified.

Many transient camps were also discovered by the crew along Shelton Ditch.

Mill Creek

Overpopulation of ducks and geese due to excessive feeding creates an increase in bacteria levels in the creek.

More debris jams and rip-rap await the crew.

Luke and Carly apparently missed the boat. Luckily, this section isn’t too deep.

Tyler and Zach lead the way as they carry pieces of a fence found in the creek.


Carly and Nora use the boat to assist with the heavy load. Meanwhile, Katelyn builds some muscles.

Zach scouts out the banks for any trash lurking along the edges.

The crew spans the entire length of the channel to thoroughly clean Mill Creek.

A large waterlogged foam pad requires the help of the entire crew.

Working together, the crew pulls the boat out just before lunch.

Tyler prepares the boom to remove the large waterlogged foam pad.


Pringle Creek Watershed All Forks of Pringle and Clark Creek Watershed Description: Each year the stream crew spends a majority of their time working in the Pringle Creek watershed. A little over 18 miles of streams, the Pringle Creek watershed is composed of Clark Creek, multiple forks of Pringle Creek, and Main Pringle Creek. Along with the watershed’s large size and relatively narrow stream channels comes its large contribution to the crew’s natural debris totals. Daily totals of ten and eleven cubic yards of natural debris are not uncommon while working in the Pringle Creek watershed. Each creek in the watershed possesses individual challenges and obstacles that must be overcome by the crew. A number of factors are resulting in adverse impacts to Clark Creek, and the stream crew observed some of them this year. For example the crew discovered oil in the creek, which was found to be caused by a leaky drainage pipe. Additionally, the crew observed two water withdraw pumps, as well as spraying of herbicide in the immediate vicinity of the creek. These incidents were all reported for follow up by various city departments. Japanese Knotweed and Purple Loosestrife continue to invade riparian vegetation along the stream bank and out-compete native plants. Large patches continue to grow taller and denser; in some places towering over six feet tall and more than fifteen feet wide from the creek channel. Japanese Knotweed is particularly problematic, as small plant fragments are able to sprout into new colonies downstream. Because of this, the crew is encouraged to proceed with caution and minimize disruption of the plant. Middle and East Fork of Pringle Creek are split by Union Pacific Railroad tracks for much of their distance, before splitting into two separate creeks. Due to thick vegetation (willow and blackberry) and limited access, sections along the railroad tracks are spot checked for trash. This year, the crew was unable to clean the Middle Fork of Pringle due to the inability to coordinate its cleaning with Union Pacific Railroad to assure crew safety in the area. In previous years, Middle and East Fork Pringle Creek have exhibited a fair amount of transient use. This year, no active camps were identified near the creeks; however evidence of previously active camps were found by means of excessive trash. Poison Oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) is also a nuisance frequently encountered along the banks of the East Fork of Pringle. Although native, Poison Oak is a concern for the crew; causing them to hop in and out of the creek to avoid serious allergic reactions.

This year the crew was able to finish the West Middle Fork of Pringle Creek in one day. Most areas contained little trash and flourished with thick natives. For this reason, the crew spot checked most areas of the creek. Jumping in and out to clip the occasional Himalayan Blackberry, the crew only removed 1 yd3 of debris and 360 lbs of trash.

Crew Cleaning: This year’s crew spent nearly a month working in creeks of the Pringle Creek Watershed. Along with high totals of natural debris, the crew had many other observations. In addition to the water withdraw pumps found in Clark creek, two mattresses, three tires, a radiator, toilet, and seven shopping carts were all pulled out of East Fork of Pringle Creek. An oily sheen was observed in East Fork of Pringle Creek by the crew, and Environmental Services responded to contain it.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Pringle Creek Watershed 1

Clark Creek Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris

3.54 mi 480 lbs 136 lbs/mi 18 yd3 5.1 yd3/mi All Forks of Pringle Creek

Distance Cleaned Trash Natural Debris 10.35 mi 5980 lbs 578 lbs/mi 57.5 yd3 5.6 yd3/mi

West Fork Pringle Creek

Blackberry is especially thick in this section which has not been cleaned in years past.

The same section after the crew removed nearly three cubic yards.

Billy sweeps up the remaining leaves from a small tree removed from the creek.

Japanese Knotweed lines many banks of West Fork of Pringle.


Tyler uses a machete to hack though the wall of blackberry.

Carly, Nora, and Dax work on collecting and bagging the cut blackberry.

Bacteria in an iron rich environment create a red-orange film along some stream banks.

Although dry during the summer, heavy rains in the winter can transform fences into “nets” for debris and trash.

Nora and Carly haul bags of blackberry back to the truck.

Once the bags are loaded into the dump truck, they are emptied and the natural debris is sent to green waste to be composted.


East Fork Pringle Creek

Poison Oak identification is very important out in the creeks.

Luke drags a shopping cart over to the bank to be hoisted out.

Katelyn and Billy take a moment to admire their impressive shopping cart collection.

Carly was in the market for a new car…I think she may have found one!

Billy removes large items of trash along the railroad tracks to prevent them from ending up in the creek.

A lift gate on the truck came in handy for getting large items and amounts of trash into the back.


Clark Creek

Japanese Knotweed is rapidly out-competing native plants along the bank.

Environmental Services installed a large absorbent blanket to contain an oil spill found on Clark Creek.

Luke inspects a pump withdrawing water from the creek.

Rock dams cause stagnant water; creating a flooding hazard and prime egg laying habitat for mosquitoes.

Blackberries are a common site along Clark Creek.

Bare banks offer little vegetation and contribute to erosion.


West Middle Fork Pringle

Shaded areas keep water temperature down and provide a cool work environment.

Areas with thick natives prove to be difficult to maneuver through.

Luke spot checks for trash, while Zach collects a tire found along the edge of the creek.

The crew returns to their trucks with their “bags of goods.”

Stream cleaning is a dirty job, but somebody’s got to do it.

Most of West Middle Fork remains healthy and fairly clean.


Restoration Project Willamette Education Service District (2611 Pringle Road SE) Each year the Stream Crew strives to incorporate a restoration project into their annual season. Restoration projects are a great way of re-establishing the natural means of the creek habitat. The planting of native plants provides shade for aquatic life as well as vegetation and habitat for riparian wildlife. Stream banks with densely native plants are also very successful in preventing further erosion. Once established, native plants require relatively little maintenance and continue to provide a means of bank stabilization. However, occasional watering plays a key role in the success rate of plants, especially during the first two years. It is the duty of the Environmental Aide to select a restoration site each year. Many factors are taken into consideration such as: location and accessibility, success potential, need, and property owner interest and commitment. Bare banks, minimal vegetation, erosion, and invasive species are all evaluated and referenced to determining the need for a restoration site. Once a site is chosen, the property owner is contacted and informed of the restoration site proposal. A step by step process typically involves: removing invasive species, adding compost for soil enrichment, the installation of erosion matting, and the planting of various native plants. After the plants have been planted, the stream crew assists with watering until their season ends. The only commitment asked of the property owner is to complete occasional watering while the plants establish. Watering is very crucial during the initial planting, especially during the summer months. This year’s restoration site was chosen along a section of Clark Creek. As it parallels 12th St. Place, Clark Creek runs along the back half of the Willamette Education Service District (Willamette ESD) building. Bare banks, erosion and invasive species such as Himalayan Blackberry and English Ivy sparked an interest to restore natural vegetation. A small foot bridge, across Clark Creek, connects the employee parking lot to the main building. This foot bridge is frequently used by employees, guests, and administrators; allowing great public visibility and appreciation. Both administrators and employees expressed great interest in the project and wanted to remain involved. The goals of this year’s restoration project are to: remove invasive species, prevent further erosion, and plant native plants to improve riparian habitat. Plant survival rate is another factor taken into account by the crew. Soil quality, sunlight, invasive species, potential erosion, and the steepness of the stream banks are all evaluated at the initial site selection process. The use of compost, erosion matting, and frequent watering are all preventative measure taken to ensure the greatest success rate. Over planting is also a common technique used in many restoration sites. It is not always a guarantee that all plants will survive. However, planting dense groups of plants has been shown to lead to greater prosperity rates among past projects. The crew spent the first day of the restoration project removing Himalayan Blackberry and English Ivy. Due to a majority of bare banks, only 1.5 cubic yards of debris was removed. One obstacle faced by the crew involved the dense amount of rock along both stream banks. This rock appeared to have been added as a means of preventing erosion. However, the excessive use of rock along the stream banks meant minimal vegetation. The crew also spent many hours struggling to dig adequate holes for plants to grow. Soil quality appeared in good condition, but additional compost was added for extra enrichment. Once all of the holes were dug, erosion matting was laid and the crew began their plantings. A total of 65 native plants were planted and

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Restoration Project 1

flagged for identification purposes. More frequently used plants included: Red Osier Dogwood, Oregon Grape, Douglas Spirea, Snowberry, and Fireweed. To view a complete list of native species used refer to the Materials List and Costs page provided in the following pages. The crew spent six days working on the restoration site and continued regular watering until the end of their season (September 19th, 2008).

Restoration Work

Before any work began, natives within the restoration site were flagged to avoid accidental removal.

Shovels, machetes, and gloves…Oh my!

The crew worked for two days removing invasive species from both banks.

Although only 1.5 cubic yards of debris were removed, the crew faced the difficult challenge of densely packed rocks along both banks.


The crew used the method of terracing to prevent future erosion.

5 cubic yards of organic mulch were laid to increase soil enrichment.

Erosion matting, in combination with willow stakes helped support bank stabilization.

After lying all of the erosion matting the crew began to strategically place plants.

Zach carefully prepares the holes for plantings.

Sixty-five plants were planted and flagged at the Clark Creek Restoration Site.


Before and After

Rocky banks made up for the lacking vegetation.

Organic mulch was laid after the crew did some excavating.

Natives along the creek were tagged and left during the excavation process.

Both banks were cleaned and planted with natives.

One side of the bank, during the process of laying the erosion matting.

The same section of creek, after all the plantings are completed.


Materials List

Plants Quantity Seller Size Unit Price Cost

Thuja plicata Western Red Cedar 1 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 6.00

Rosa nutkana Nootka Rose 6 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 36.00

Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed 6 WALLACE 4'' pots 3.00 18.00

Acer circinatum Vine Maple 3 WALLACE 1 gal 5.75 17.25

Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood 4 WALLACE 1 gal 5.75 23.00

Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry 6 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 36.00

Mahonia repens Oregon Grape - Creeping 6 WALLACE 1 gal 5.75 34.50

Physocarpus capitatus Pacific Ninebark 2 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 12.00

Spiraea douglasii Douglas Spirea 6 WALLACE 1 gal 5.75 34.50

Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grape - Tall 6 WALLACE 1 gal 5.75 34.50

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Kinnikinick 2 WALLACE 4'' pots 3.75 7.50

Oemleria cerasiformis Indian Plum 2 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 12.00

Sedum oreganum Oregon Stonecrop 2 WALLACE 4'' pots 3.00 6.00

Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry, Saskatoon Berry 4 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 24.00

Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray 4 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 24.00

Ribes sanguineum Red-Flowering Current 4 WALLACE 1 gal 6.00 24.00

64

Total:

349.25


Oregon Stonecrop Serviceberry

Western Red Cedar Western Hemlock

Vine Maple Red Osier Dogwood


Indian Plum Douglas Spirea

Oceanspray Pacific Ninebark

Oregon Grape – Tall Fireweed


Snowberry Nootka Rose

Oregon Grape-Creeping Kinnikinnick


Community Outreach

Each year the stream crew strives to make a difference by actively involving themselves in the community. Now in its eleventh year, the stream crew has upheld its annual dedication of improving Salem’s waterways. Throughout the season the stream crew interacts with homeowners, businesses, and small communities. Frequent questions include: “What are you guys doing in there?” and “What kind of things do you find in the creeks?” Each and every one of these questions is a prime opportunity for crew members to share their classroom and field work knowledge. Being able to educate a community member or a business owner about dumping, invasive species, or even illicit discharges are always welcomed with open arms. In most cases, the public is simply unaware of the negative effects caused by their careless actions. For example, illicit discharges can greatly alter the habitat for aquatic life, causing relocation or even death. Illicit discharges can be substances such as: oil, soap, and even wastewater. Dumping is another problem addressed to homeowners. While trash is the number one contender, some people do not realize that dumping a pound of grass clippings can be as harmful as dumping a pound of garbage. Grass clippings decompose, causing spikes in the levels of bacteria in the creek, creating unfavorable living conditions for aquatic habitat. Another issue dealt with by the crew includes pumps illegally withdrawing water from the creek. While some home and business owners possess water rights, most are unaware of the stipulations surrounding the water withdrawing rules and regulations. Throughout the years, a majority of public interactions have involved tasty treats and refreshing beverages. Some homeowners are notorious fans who bake cookies or brownies as a way of thanking them for all their hard work. These particular interactions are always a delight for the crew to enjoy. It is also a good feeling to know that their hard work is making a difference in people’s lives and in their streams.

Occasionally, community members will call in about a particular issue. These issues are addressed as Service Requests, and range from fallen trees to extra cutting attention on a particular section of the creek. Whatever the case, the crew is always willing to tackle and improve a situation. For the last three years the City of Salem has coordinated an ivy pull with Willamette Academy at Deepwood Estates. Unfortunately, this year’s 2008 ivy pull was not able to take place due to Willamette Academy’s busy schedule of summer events. The following topics are addressed in the next few pages:

• Statesman Journal Article • Fish Screen Maintenance at Mill Race/Mill Creek • Invasive Species Identification, Population Growth, and Location Mapping • Boise Cascade Mitigation Site

The Statesman Journal Article

This year’s article, featuring the stream crew, in the Statesman Journal sparked the interest of many homeowners. The crew was also enthusiastic about making the front page. This article allowed the stream crew to convey public awareness and keep their followers up to date on their progress. After the article was published, the crew began receiving Service Requests for

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Community/Projects 1

different sections of the creek. While the stream crew represents the City of Salem’s eyes and ears in the creeks, additional information from the public is always welcomed.


Fish Screen Maintenance Mill Creek/Mill Race Mill Race, a man-made channel, diverges from Mill Creek at Mill Race Park. This man-made channel weaves through downtown and Willamette University. Originally, Mill Race was established for industrial power harvesting. Mission Mill is a great example of the use of water for power generation. With the use of large turbines in the creek at Mission Mill, an environmental concern for fish led to the installation of the fish screen along Mill Creek. Water flowing from Mill Creek must first pass through a fish screen, before entering Mill Race. The fish screen was designed to prevent fish from entering Mill Race and becoming subject to the powerful turbines at Mission Mill. Jets along the fish screen periodically spray water out and away from the screen, causing any debris caught to be released. However, recent increases in algae population in Mill Creek and excess debris cause the fish screen to require some extra attention. This summer the crew took on the duty of cleaning the fish screen. The cleaning process involved raking all excess debris and algae from the screen and disposing of it in large trash cans. This continued maintenance allowed for a consistent flow and water level of Mill Race. As a preventative measure, the crew made cleaning the fish screen part of their morning routine.

Fish Screen Maintenence

Long rakes are used to remove algae and leafy debris caught in the fish screen.

The fish screen prevents fish in Mill Creek from entering Mill Race.


The crew cleans the fish screen on a daily basis to ensure adequate flow to Mill Race.

Leaves, algae and debris are raked and bagged from the screen.

Jets along the fish screen help with debris removal, but sometimes additional attention is needed.

The crew discovered a turtles found along Mill Creek, next to the fish screen.

Billy uses his muscles to clear all debris from the fish screen.

Trash and Debris are both factors that contribute to the restricted flow of Mill Race.


Invasive Species Identification, Population Growth, and Location Mapping Noxious weeds have become an increasing problem along Salem’s Waterways. Dense populations of thick invasive species continue to over crowd and out-competing many native plants. This leads to minimal plant diversity and unfavorable food and habitat for most living organisms. Variety is a key factor in a successful ecosystem, and can lead to a plethora of habitat establishment. This year, the 2008 crew was given the task of invasive species identification and mapping. Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Purple Loosestrife are particularly noxious weeds and can spread very rapidly. For these reasons, the crew was directed to map any Japanese Knotweed and Purple Loosestrife seen along the creeks. Additionally, crews are instructed not to cut either species to prevent further invasion.

Each day the crew was in charge of identifying, mapping and estimating the size of the population. Tracking invasive species allows for the analysis of population growth and the ability to spread. Currently, the City of Salem does not treat Japanese Knotweed or Purple Loosestrife. However, progressive steps are being taken to inform and educate the public about these noxious weeds.

Japanese Knotweed grows tall and dense throughout a homeowner’s backyard.

The appearance of Japanese Knotweed is similar to that of bamboo.

Purple Loosestrife grows along many banks of Salem Creeks.

Pretty purple flowers make it a deceiving noxious weed.


Continued Site Maintenance Boise Cascade Mitigation Site Implemented by the City of Salem in 2006/07, the Boise Cascade Mitigation Site was created to relieve annual erosion caused by Shelton Ditch. The site is located in Pringle Park along the bank of Main Pringle Creek. A total of 93 plants were planted to promote bank stabilization and prevent debris and sediment build-up further downstream at the merging of Shelton Ditch. Throughout the summer the crew removed nearly 5 yd3 of invasive species to give previously planted natives a fighting chance.

The site is densely covered with invasives. Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium) wraps

around native plantings, choking them out.

The crew works to uncover all of the native plants planted at Boise Cascade Mitigation.

Tarps were used to haul debris back to the trucks.


A section of the site after the crew removed the invasives.

Another section, after being cleaned, allows more space for natives to grow.

Flagged plantings helped the crew distinguish between native plants and invasive species.

Nearly 5 yd3 of debris was removed from the Boise Cascade Mitigation Site.


Transient Camps Claggett Creek and Shelton Ditch Survival is a term understood by every human being. However, for some, survival requires utilizing basic resources often taken for granted. Camping along creeks allows transients to meet these basic survival needs. Bridges, trees, and tall brush provides privacy and shelter for a safe place to camp. Water provides hydration, along with the personal hygiene needs of washing and bathing. Although camping along creeks meets the needs of many transients, it also negatively impacts the environment in which the individual has chosen to reside. Water quality stability is one of the most important factors in preserving the natural health of Salem’s creeks. Transients camping along stream banks contribute to poor water quality. Washing clothes, pots and pans, bathing and defecation are all commonly performed in or around the creeks. Bottles, cans, food wrappers, plastic bags, clothing and hypodermic needles are thrown or get washed into the creeks, often making their way downstream. The accumulation of trash creates problems for wildlife and aquatic life residing in or around the creek. Spikes in pH, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen can put aquatic life at risk for disease, genetic variations, or even death. Also, drinking polluted water can lead to illness, disease, and potential death. Property damage is another concern caused by transient camps. Although most transients utilize bridges as a means of shelter, private property is also infringed upon. Damage caused by transients can range from trampled vegetation and the littering of garbage to fire and the damaging of personal affects. Fire damage has become a reoccurring event seen at many transient camps. Burnt vegetation, blackened soil, and charred remnants of tents, scrap metal, plastics, and the occasional fiber glass have all been discovered at present and previous camps. The condition and amount of burned garbage poses as a challenge for removal. Another concern for transients camping along the creek is the constant fluctuation of water levels. A night of heavy rain can cause water levels to rise, creating an unsafe situation for individual residing along stream banks. Also, items scattered along the banks such as tents, clothes, sleeping bags, and blankets can be swept downstream, creating larger potential debris jams. The process of cleaning a transient camp involves many steps, along with the coordination of the Salem Police Department. Once a camp is identified by the stream crew, Salem Police Department is notified of its location. A twenty-four hour notice to vacate the premises is posted and enforced by an officer. Once the camp is cleared by the officer, the crew can begin their clean-up. Thick gloves, along with respirators are often used to aid in the clean-up process. Because issues involving personal belongings and morality often vary among crew members, a small meeting is always held to discuss details, concerns, questions, and feelings prior to any transient camp clean-up. This year’s crew discovered active camps along Shelton Ditch, and Claggett Creek. The camp’s details, size and location were all sent to the Salem Police Department. Unfortunately, due to time issues and being short staffed, the Salem Police Department was only able to post the camp under the bridge of High St. along Shelton Ditch. After the posting, the officer notified the stream crew that the camp had been vacated. The crew began their clean-up and removed several bags of items left behind. In addition to blankets, cans, magazines, and clothing, fecal matter was also discovered and removed by the crew.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Transient Camps 1

While cleaning transient camps is not one of the most glorifying parts of the job it is a necessary part of maintaining Salem’s waterways. Transients will continue to re-locate to meet survival needs, leaving previous camping sites in fragile conditions. Without clean-up efforts, the accumulation of garbage along stream banks will increase and eventually be washed into the creeks. The discovered and cleaned the remnants of many transient camps along the stream banks to prevent additional trash from being swept into the creek. Although only one of the two active camps discovered by this year’s crew was cleaned, the Claggett Creek camp will become a top priority for next year’s 2009 Stream Crew.

The two active camps discovered by the 2008 Stream Crew

• Shelton Ditch: Underneath the High St. bridge o Total Removed: 320 lbs

• Claggett Creek: Behind Americold and on both sides of Union Pacific Railroad tracks.

o Marked as a priority for 2009


Shelton Ditch

Sleeping bags, blankets, and other personal items are left behind for the crew.

Bottles, containers, and pieces of trash surround the camp edges.

The crew works together to remove large items.

Flashlights are used to increase visibility underneath bridges.

Dax and Carly remove items that have slid down the hill and near the creek.

Many bags are filled and hauled back to the trucks for disposal.


The same area after the crew had removed several bags of trash.

Remnants of camps include blankets, clothes and garbage.

Claggett Creek

A large burn site was discovered by the crew.

Metal, treated wood and burnt garbage line this section of the bank.

Water quality is a huge concern, especially near transient camps.

Little vegetation remains and habitat becomes treacherous for wildlife.


Danger and Safety Hazards and procedures out in the field

In the field the crew faces many obstacles that must be overcome. These obstacles rely on

critical thinking skills, communication, situational analysis, and team cooperation. Hazards faced on a daily basis include: poison oak, bees, hypodermic needles, large heavy objects, aggressive dogs, strangers, blood borne pathogens, and many others, depending on the creek. In an effort to prevent any serious incidents, the crew undergoes various types of training. Throughout the year the crew received trainings in vehicle use, safety gear, illicit discharge and chemical spill response, aggressive dog safety, self-defense, chain-saw and boom use, and blood borne pathogen awareness. These trainings involve coordination with City of Salem Public Works, the Salem Police Department, Environmental Services, and Tualatin Valley Fire and Rescue. In addition to the specified trainings, a bi-monthly safety meeting is held during the season to address specific safety topics (such as heat stress, equipment use, etc.), as well as discuss current issues, concerns, or struggles in the field. Safety of the crew is the top priority. The crew is equipped with a wide range of personal protection equipment. Basic safety equipment provided includes hip/chest waders, brightly colored vests, hand tools, nabbers, sharps containers, multiple pairs of gloves, safety glasses, and life vests. Cones are placed around any vehicle when parked and flagging tape is used to mark large piles of trash for pick-up. In addition to equipment used on a daily basis, hard hats are used when operating the boom to lift large unmanageable items out of the creek. With every job comes a list of potential dangers and risky situations. However, with the right training, proper analysis and planning, incidents and potential threats can be avoided. This year, the crew tackled the creeks with open eyes and ears. High alertness and attention to detail led to a nearly injury-free summer. The one exception to occasional bumps, bruises, and beestings was an injury that occurred while working on the East Fork of Pringle Creek. A crewmember cut the inside of his right index finger while working with a machete. The crewmember was taken to the hospital and received treatment (including three stitches). The crew member was on light duty for 1 week, then returned to the crew and continued to give one hundred percent.

Hats, hip waders, gloves and brightly colored vests are worn for protection and public visibility.

Nabbers are used to reach trash in deep water, while a throw rope is carried at all times in case of an emergency.

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Danger and Safety 1

When wading in deep water, the crew is equipped with chest waders and a life jacket.

Vehicles are marked with cones while parked to increase safety while working.

Hypodermic needles are carefully placed into sharps containers and properly disposed of.

Hard hats are always worn when using the boom or lifting heavy objects.

Poison oak skirts the banks of many creeks. Technu and plant identification skills are a must.

Transient camps are often discovered and reported by the crew so that proper action can be taken.


Machetes are used to cut back blackberries overhanging the creek.

Illicit discharges and hazardous wastes are reported to Environmental Services.

The crew receives training to deal with aggressive dogs out in the field.

The crew uses a boat in some creeks to assist with depth changes and excessive trash.

Access points can be steep and hard to climb. Tyler uses all the appropriate gear when

using the chainsaw.


Conclusion With the completion of the eleventh year in the Program’s history, the Stream Crew continues to impress and strive for improvement year after year. A crew size of eight members makes this year’s 2008 crew one of the smallest crews in the Program’s history. While size does contribute to their success, this group of individuals proved that hard work and determination has no limit. Throughout the summer, the crew dedicated their days to improving Salem’s waterways. The 2008 crew removed a total of 27,200 lbs of trash and 131 yds of natural debris over a span of 49 miles of creeks. Additionally, the crew was able to clean a few sections of creeks that had never been cleaned before. Throughout the season the crew discovered several finds while working in the creeks around Salem. Three water-withdrawing pumps, four homeowners dumping yard debris into the creeks, the spraying of herbicide along Clark Creek, and illicit discharges reported to Environmental Services were all constant struggles addressed by this year’s 2008 Stream Crew. The implementation of a restoration project also allowed the crew to maintain creek health and give back to the community. A total of sixty-five native plants were planted along Clark Creek, just behind Willamette Education Service District. Hearing the word, “Garbage” or “Trash” found in the creek does not necessarily do the job justice. Garbage/Trash found in the creek can range anywhere from a small gum wrapper to a mattress, washer and dryer, or couch. Without the removal of such items, accumulation could mean chaos. Large debris jams, high water levels, and potential flooding can all be prevented by the continued maintenance of waterways. In addition to the removal of large hazardous items, the Crew has continued to remove invasive species to give native plants a chance at survival. This environmental approach to the maintenance of streams has improved throughout the years. Restoration projects, invasive species identification and mapping, and continued site maintenance are all examples of progressive improvement throughout the years.

After experiencing the Stream Crew from a crewmember and Environmental Aide perspective, it is without a doubt in my mind that this Program is a true success. While the numbers continue to shock and impress, the restoration sites, public interactions, and streamside maintenance continue to leave a lasting impression.

This program allows crewmembers to apply classroom knowledge to everyday situations out in the field. Stream-side property owners’ benefit from the maintenance and removal of invasive species, along with the disassembly of large debris jams to prevent flood hazards. However, the most important outcome of this program is the lasting effect of healthier and safer waterways. Comments, Suggestions and Stories throughout the season reflected the experience of each individual Stream Crew member. Responses included:

• “I enjoyed the physical labor and actually being able to see my accomplishments.”

• “I couldn’t help but work hard, because I knew the rest of the crew would be just as dedicated.”

2008 Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report Brittany May, Environmental Aide Conclusion 1

• “I got stronger, improved my team working skills, and broadened my experience as

well.”

• “This Program definitely makes a difference. Imagine if all of the tons of trash and green waste we remove each year accumulated. The creeks would look and function in a completely different way.

Comments and Recommendations for the 2008 Stream Cleaning Program Ideas for improvement and increased efficiency help promote a more successful program.

The following list of suggestions address issues and obstacles overcome throughout the season. This list is composed of comments from the 2008 Stream Crew and the Environmental Aide, and was constructed to benefit future crews by offering an alternative approach to challenging situations dealt with throughout the season.

1. Although this year’s crew consisted of only eight crewmembers, extra hands are

always welcomed. Ten people would provide an adequate number to accomplish tasks more efficiently without becoming too crowded.

2. Second, the recycling of natural debris has evolved over the years. Once removed from the creeks, natural debris is taken to Minto Brown to be composted. The recycling of scrap metal has recently contributed to lower numbers of trash totals accumulated throughout the season. Many crewmembers expressed great interest in the expansion of recycling trash. Continued efforts to evolve these kinds of methods would ensure all around success for the environment.

3. Restoration projects continue to leave lasting impressions on the both the community and creek health. Additional restoration projects could potentially help with the prevention of noxious weeds and give more natives a fighting chance.

4. Consider increasing “in-the-streams” training to provide a more clear aspect of

how much to cut back along the banks. Also early knowledge and identification of Japanese Knotweed and Purple Loosestrife will help increase awareness out in the field. Bringing small samples into the training room during the first week would allow Stream Crew members inspect and establish a clear picture of these invasive species.


Contacts Throughout the Summer

• Self Defense Training o Shawn Adams – Salem Police Department

[email protected]

• Bloodborne Pathogen Training o Kathleen Rubin – Tualatin Valley Fire and Rescue

[email protected] (503) 931-4292

• Illicit Discharge Training o James Van Houten – Environmental Services

[email protected] o Chris Collins – Environmental Services

[email protected]

• Willamette Academy Ivy Pull o William Bragg – Director of the Willamette Academy

[email protected] o Jude Geist – Natural Resource Technician, Parks Operations Division

[email protected] cell: (503) 930-3320

Contact William Bragg to set up the project with Willamette Academy. Jude Geist can identify possible locations to remove ivy.

• Transient Camp Procedures o Salem Police Department – Crime Prevention Unit

(503) 588-6175 Sergeant Mark Chase

[email protected] (503)588-6050 ext.7030 Lieutenant Jim Anglemeyer (503) 588-6259

• Union Pacific ○ Dave Stenton (541) 981-3683 ○ Steve Burns (360) 509-0416


mailto:[email protected]







Acknowledgements

• I would like to thank the 2008 Stream Crew for all of their hard work and dedication throughout the season. Stepping up to every challenge and giving one hundred percent made this year a great success!

• Everyone in Stormwater, especially Jon Nottage and Kat Conley, whose knowledge,

support and guidance played a fundamental part in this year’s success.

• A special thanks to Zach Diehl and Ryon Edwards for assisting in the coordination of projects and training throughout the season.

• Everyone at Environmental Services who responded to calls made by the crew.

• The Statesman Journal for their continued publishing support to inform and keep the

community up to date on our progress throughout the season.

• The Salem Police Department for their efforts involved during transient camp clean-ups.

• Willamette Education Service District for their support and cooperation during the restoration project implementation and maintenance.

• Wallace Hansen Nursery for their knowledgeable and friendly staff who provided all of

the plants used in the restoration project.

• All stream-side business and homeowners for their continued support and cooperation involving access points and parking along the creeks.

• Finally, I would like to thank all those I have forgotten to mention for their support,

patience and assistance in the success of the 2008 Stream Crew. Your continued patronage marks the eleventh year of the Annual Stream Cleaning Program.

Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report 2008 - City of Salem

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Transcript of Stream Cleaning Program Annual Report 2008 - City of Salem