Status quo of Austrian parking ordinances – implications, innovative solutions and needs for...

Status quo of Austrian parking ordinances – implications, innovative solutions and needs for improvement

European Urban Research Association Conference 201220. – 22. September 2012, Vienna

Tadej Brezina, Josef Michael SchopfVienna University of Technology,

Institute of Transportation, Research Center of Transport Planning and Traffic Engineering

Sources: Kronen Zeitung 2012, Josef M. Schopf Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Intermodality!?

Parking rules clutter streetscapes

Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Sources: Kronen Zeitung 12.04.2012, Perscheids Abgründe, Der Standard

Parking and focus of public interest:4,55 % of 8.44 mio Austrians signed

popular petition for education improvement

6,17 % of 1.78 mio Vienna inhabitants signed petition PRO „parking sticker“ referendum

Parking and bomb alerts!?

Parking and poor sexist cartoons!?

Parking‘s time share

Sources: Leitinger 2011 Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

4.5 % of time: driving!!!

parking organisation is decisive

time of day

shar

eof

loca

tion

home

work & school

95.5 % of time: parking!!!

GPS-logged cumulative locations of 31 vehicles along the day

Parking = costs

Data sources: Rauh et al. 2004, www.immopreise.at Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

per m² of city area!

factor of 32

Austrian land-use law objectives

Sources: Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Primary objectives

Economical use of landSecondary objectives

Prevention of urban sprawl

Preservation and improvement of townscapes

Protection of population against noise emissions and other nuisances

Burgenland

Carinthia

L. Austria

U. A

ustria

Salzburg

Styria

Tyrol

Vorarlberg

Vienna

Sum

PO Economic use of land ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 8

SO

Urban sprawl prevention ● ● ● ● ● 5

Townscape preservation ● ● ● ● ● ● 6

Protection of population ● ● ● 3

Parking ordinances – cars


Province Single family house Apartment building Office and

administrationShops and

warehouses

Burgenland 1 per flat 1 per flat MC MCCarinthia MC MC MC MCL. Austria 1 per flat 1 per flat 1 per 40m² FS 1 per 50m² RFSU. Austria 1 per flat 1 per flat 1 per 30m² FS 1 per 30m² RFSSalzburg 1.2 per flat 1.2 per flat 1 per 30m² FS 1 per 30–50m² RFSStyria 1 per flat 1 per flat 1 per 5 E 1 per 50m² RFSTyrol MC MC MC MCVorarlberg 1 per flat 0.6 + 0.7 per flat “demand” 1 per 30m² net RFSVienna 1 per flat 1 per flat 1 per 80m² L 1 per 80m² LL...lounge room, E...employees, MC...municipal competence, RFS...retail floor space, FS…usable floor space

Parking ordinances – bicycles


Province Bike parkingBurgenland -Carinthia -Lower Austria 4+ DU baby stroller and bike parking roomUpper Austria Very detailed, specified by building typesSalzburg 5+ DU per building 2 bike parking places per DUStyria Very detailed, specified by building typesTyrol Enabled by municipal legal ordinanceVorarlberg Enabled by regional government’s legal ordinance

Vienna2+ DU

adequately sized bike parking room; 10 % of car parking lots may be substituted with bike parking (1 car = 6 bikes)

DU...dwelling unit

Parking lot demand


non-flexiblelaw

flexibletechnical rules

4 ways to improve in AUT


more progressively

1

2

3

4

Austria – First improvements

Sources: Schopf et al. 2012 Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Detailed bicycle prescription added in Upper Austria and Styria provinces

Graz: Plans for locally varying valuesVienna: replacement of 10 % parking lots by

bike, rate: 1 car = 6 bikes

Germany

Sources: Mobilitätsverbund Move Bremen 1998 Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Japan, Switzerland & UK

Sources: Nakamura 2005, Sammer et al. 2005 Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Japanese Garage Law: Only car owners need parking lots

Swiss cities like Winterthur, Berne and Lucerne: dramatically reduced inner city values in comparison to outskirts (- 25 to 50 %)

London: radial reduction for businesses from outside into the city: 1/200 m² – 1/800 m² – 1/1,200 m²

Source: Sammer et al. 2005, Knoflacher et al. 2007, Schopf et al. 2012

Conclusion• Introduce principles of market economy and

fairness• Maximum parking values instead of

minimum values• Reduce parking space demand, e.g. by

mobility management for businesses.• Separate markets for dwelling units and

parking spaces• Add other transport modes to building

codesParking ordinances

20.09.2012

Heading

Sources: Christian Apl, Stopp der Stadtvernichtung, Tadej Brezina Parking ordinances 20.09.2012

Perchtoldsdorf Frauenhofen, Horn

First impression for elementary school pupils


change in regulations – change in urban quality

ReferencesFSV (2008b) RVS 03.07.11 Merkblatt: Nebenanlagen - Parkplätze - Organisation und Anzahl der

Stellplätze, In: RVS - Richtlinien und Vorschriften für den Straßenbau; Österreichische Forschungsgemeinschaft Strasse und Verkehr; Arbeitsgruppe "Stadtverkehr; "Arbeitsausschuß "Verkehrsplanung und Raumnutzung im städtischen Bereich", Wien.

Leitinger, Christoph (2011); Optimierte Ladeprozesse der Elektromobilität für die Integration erneuerbarer Energieträger; IEWT 2011 - Energieversorgung 2011; Märkte um des Marktes Willen?; Wien.

Mobilitätsverbund Move Bremen (1998); Rahmenbedingungen für eine umweltorientierte Mobilität im Berufsverkehr in ausgewählten Ländern.

Nakamura, H., Schäfer, P. and Trieb, A. (2005); Parkraumbewirtschaftung - Was macht Japan anders?; Internationales Verkehrswesen; 57(10/2005): 434-437.

Sammer, Gerd; Weber, Gerlind; Bittner, Ludwig; Stöglehner, Gernot; Stark, Juliane und Klementschitz, Roman (2005) IN-STELLA - Instrumente zur Steuerung des Stellplatzangebotes für den Zielverkehr, Teil 1: Analyse nationaler und internationaler Umsetzungsbeispiele, Universität für Bodenkultur, Department für Raum, Landschaft und Infrastruktur, Wien, pp. 76.

Schopf, Michael; Brezina, Tadej (2012, in press); Umweltfreundlich parken – Leitfaden für Länder, Städte, Gemeinden und Bauwerber; klima:aktiv mobil, Lebensministerium, Wien.

Knoflacher, Hermann, Schopf, Josef Michael, Brezina, Tadej (2007); Zusammenstellung und analyse der Vorschriften und Richtlinien zu Anzahl und Organisation der Stellplätzte im MIV für Österreich in Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der Umweltverhältnisse; Lebensministerium - BMLFUW; Wien.


ContactTadej BrezinaVienna Univ. of TechnologyInstitute of TransportationResearch Center of Transport Planning and Traffic EngineeringGusshausstraße 30/230-1A-1040 Vienna

phone +43-1-58801-23127fax +43-1-58801-23199http://[email protected]


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