Specific Aims - Emory Theses and Dissertations

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Distribution Agreement

In presenting this Thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my Thesis in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the World Wide Web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this Thesis. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the Thesis. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this Thesis. _______________________________________________________4/19/2012__

Signature of Student Date

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HISTORY OF TREATMENT WITH ANTACID MEDICATION INCREASES PREVALENCE OF DIAGNOSIS OF FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN

BY Karen Ann DeMuth

Degree to be awarded: M.P.H. Career MPH

_______________________________________________________4/19/2012__ Kevin Sullivan PhD MPH, MHA Date _______________________________________________________4/19/2012_ Arlene Stecenko, MD Date _______________________________________________________4/19/2012__

Melissa Alperin, MPH, CHES Date

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HISTORY OF TREATMENT WITH ANTACID MEDICATION INCREASE PREVALENCE OF

DIAGNOSIS OF FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN

BY

Karen Ann DeMuth M.P.H., Emory University, 2012

M.D., Ross University School of Medicine, 1999 B.S.N., University of Virginia, 1992

Thesis Committee Chair: Kevin Sullivan PhD MPH, MHA

An abstract of A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the

Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of

Master of Public Health in the Career MPH program 2012

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Abstract

HISTORY OF TREATMENT WITH ANTACID MEDICATION INCREASE PREVALENCE OF DIAGNOSIS OF FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN

BY

Karen Ann DeMuth

Background: Food allergy affects 6-8% of preschool children, but factors responsible for food allergy in children are poorly understood. Use of antacid medication may be a contributing factor. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if parent-reported antacid medication use was associated with higher prevalence of food allergy in atopic children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, parents of children with atopic diseases completed a questionnaire relating to a history of treatment with antacid medication and food allergy. Charts were independently reviewed for food specific IgE and/or skin prick test results. Food allergy was defined as a reaction to a food consistent with the anaphylaxis consensus statement and either an elevated food specific IgE or a positive food skin prick test. Results: 104 questionnaires were completed. Mean age of the participating children was 7.0 ± 4.3 years (Range 5 months to 18 years of age). Fifty-four children (41%) were reported to have taken an antacid medication in the past. History of taking antacid medication was associated with an increased prevalence [57% (27/47) versus 32% (18/57) p 0.008] and higher prevalence of food allergy of having food allergy [aPR 1.7 (1.1 – 2.5)]. Mean peanut food specific IgE was higher in those with a history of taking antacid medication (11.0 ± 5.0 versus 1.0 ± 5.5 p = 0.01). Conclusion: History of treatment with antacid medication is associated with an increased prevalence of having food allergy.

Length: 231 words

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HISTORY OF TREATMENT WITH ANTACID MEDICATION INCREASE PREVALENCE OF DIAGNOSIS OF FOOD

BY

Karen Ann DeMuth M.P.H., Emory University, 2012

M.D., Ross University School of Medicine, 1999 B.S.N., University of Virginia, 1992

Thesis Committee Chair: Thesis Committee Chair: Kevin Sullivan PhD MPH, MHA

A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Public Health in the Career MPH program

2012

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Many people contributed to the success of this project. I would like to acknowledge them. I

would like to thank my Thesis Committee Chair, Kevin Sullivan PhD MPH, MHA for his help

during all stages of this thesis. Without his help and guidance throughout this project were

invaluable. I would like to thank Arlene Stecenko, MD for her input and support as my field

advisor. I would also like to thank Anne Mentro Fitzpatrick PhD, MSCR, APRN who has been

a wonderful mentor and role model.

Several faculty members also assisted me with this project. Lisa Kobrynski, MD MPH

provided input into the development of the study design, and plan of statistical analysis. Gina

Watts, RN, Patience Jackson, LPN and Shaeshe Schuler helped identify appropriate clinic

patients, and facilitated collection of data. Barbara Reynolds, assisted with the preparation of

the manuscript.

Finally, I would also like to acknowledge the families and children who participated in this

project. Without their time and dedication this project would never have been completed.

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Table of Contents

1. Thesis Pages 8 - 21

2. Tables Pages 22 - 23

3. References Page 24 - 25

4. Appendix

a. Questionnaire Pages 26

b. SAS Results with Annotations Page 27 - 228

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Introduction:

Food Allergy is estimated to affect 8% of children ≤ 4 years old.[1-3] It is the most common

cause of anaphylaxis in children presenting to the emergency room, with approximately 150

deaths reported in the US due to food allergy each year.[4] The prevalence of food allergy has

increased 18% since 1997.[5] The reasons for the increase in prevalence are poorly defined.

Although some risk factors have been proposed (antacid medication, delay in introduction of

foods, etc.), definitive evidence linking these risk factors to the development of food allergy is

lacking especially in children.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is also very common in this same age group (infants and

young children) and affects 10-30% of that population.[6, 7] Treatment of GER includes use of

antacid medications (Proton Pump inhibitors and H2 blockers), which reduce the amount of

hydrochloric acid produced by the parietal cells in the stomach thereby increasing gastric pH.

There is some evidence linking treatment with antacid medications to development

of food allergy in humans. Use of antacid medication is known to increase sensitization to food

(either skin prick testing or food-specific IgE) in adults.[8] Milk allergy appears to be more

prevalent (41%) in children diagnosed with GERD than what is typically expected in children

(2.5%).9,10 Development of food allergy to hazelnut has been associated with antacid therapy in

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both a murine models and human adults.[9] In murine models of food allergy development of

food allergy to seafood and egg has been shown to be related to raising gastric pH.[10, 11]

However, in a recent abstract no association between antacid medication (H2 blockers) and

prevalence of food allergy was found in a cohort of healthy children. Since these studies varied

in methods, population, and definition of food allergy, we felt it was important to determine if the

relationship between antacid medication and food allergy would be maintained in children since

they typically have a higher prevalence of food allergy. We hypothesized that parental report of

antacid medications in children will be associated an increased prevalence of physician-

diagnosed food allergy in children, and conducted a proof of concept study.

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Methods:

Study Design: A cross-sectional study design was used to test our hypothesis with the primary

outcome measure was whether parental report of treatment with antacid medication was

associated with increased prevalence in physician diagnosed food allergy.

Secondary measures include: 1. Determining if age at initiation of antacid therapy, or duration

of antacid therapy are associated with increased prevalence of development of food allergy, and

2. determining if there was a difference in parental report of prevalence of life-threatening food

reactions, total IgE levels, or specific IgE levels between those treated and untreated with

antacid medications. We collected questionnaires by convenience sampling.

Subjects: A suggested sample size of 114 was obtained using a power calculation (8%

prevalence rate, an α of 0.05 and 95% confidence level. All children (birth to 18 years of age)

presenting to the Emory Children’s Center Allergy-Immunology Clinic for evaluation for atopic

diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergy) from 2009 to 2010

were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were: Children with chronic illness other than

atopic diseases, including Eosinophilic Esophagitis without evidence of IgE mediated food

allergy, and those not giving informed consent.

Study Definitions: Food allergy was defined as: a reaction consistent with anaphylaxis according

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to the symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis summary statement:

[1. Acute onset of symptoms (minutes to hours) with involvement of skin/mucosal tissue and

airway compromise or reduced BP or associated symptoms (e.g., hypotonia, syncope) 2. Two

or more of the following after exposure (minutes to hours) to known allergen for that patient:

skin/mucosal tissue involvement, airway compromise, reduced BP or associated symptoms

(e.g., hypotonia, syncope), gastrointestinal symptoms, or 3. hypotension after exposure (min to

hours) to known allergen for that patient)]14 and food specific IgE (either serum food specific IgE

or skin prick test) or positive open graded food challenge as per practice parameters.15

Children were separated into two categories: 1. Food allergy as previously defined and 2. No

history of food allergy.

Questionnaire: Parent(s) or guardian(s) of all children were asked to complete a questionnaire

with 15 questions that included information on age, gender, diagnosis of GER, treatment with

antacid medication (ever being treated with antacid medication, current treatment with antacid

medication, type of antacid medication, age antacid medication was started, duration of

treatment with antacid medication), diagnosis of food allergy, report of previous history of life-

threatening reaction to a food, and reported physician diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, allergic

rhinitis, and asthma. See addendum.

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Additional Data Collected: History of previous reactions to foods was obtained during clinic visit.

Total IgE and food specific IgE determination (egg, milk, peanut, shrimp, soy and wheat) by skin

prick testing and/or serum food specific IgE), and outcome of open graded food challenges were

obtained from the chart and other clinical records by the Primary Investigator (KD)

independently of the completion of the questionnaire in an attempt to blind the investigator to

the results of the questionnaire.

IRB Considerations: The study was approved by the Emory University IRB. Informed consent

was obtained from the parent(s)/guardian(s) of all children participating in the study, verbal

assent was obtained from children 6-10 years old, written assent was obtained from children

11-17 years old.

Statistical Analysis: Means, and frequency percents were calculated. Continuous data was

examined for normal distribution. Data that were not normally distributed (total IgE level, and

specific IgE level) were log transformed prior to analysis and the antilog of the results were

presented. Chi-Square (dichotomous data) and t-test (continuous data) was used to determine

differences between those with and without a history of treatment with antacid medication.

Crude prevalence ratio of parental report of history of treatment with antacid medication and

food allergy, probable food allergy and no food allergy was calculated. An adjusted model was

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used to identify factors associated with food allergy. The dependant variable was food allergy

category (food allergy, or no food allergy) and the independent variables included parental

report that child was treated with antacid medication, age, gender, and history of atopic

dermatitis. We used Proc Gen Mod with a backward elimination method. Variables included in

the initial model were guided by previous knowledge of association with food allergy (e.g. young

age, and history of atopic dermatitis). We removed the least significant variable until identifying

the most parsimonious model. Confounding was defined as > 10% difference between the

crude and adjusted estimate. We included all interaction terms (between exposure and all other

variables of interest) to evaluate for interaction using a p < 0.05 to define significant interaction.

An ANOVA analysis was used to determine differences in age at initiation of and length

of therapy with antacid medication between those with food allergy and no food allergy. Chi-

Square (dichotomous data) and t-test (continuous data) were used to determine differences

between those with a history of treatment with antacid medication and those without a history of

treatment with antacid medication including percent of the population with food allergy, age at

diagnosis of food allergy, length of diagnosis with food allergy (years), percent of the population

with a history of life-threatening reactions to food, total IgE, and food specific IgE. All statistical

analysis were computed using SAS 9.2 or OpenEpi.

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Results:

One hundred and four participants were invited to complete the questionnaire and

100% completed the questionnaire. Forty-five percent (47/104) had a parental report of

treatment with antacid medication, and 45% (47/104) had a diagnosis of food allergy.

Demographic data for those with and without a history of taking antacid medication is shown in

Table 1. There was no significant difference in age, gender, or percent of population with atopic

diseases (atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis) between those who had ever been treated

with antacid medications and those not treated. Children with a history of ever taking an

antacid medication had a greater prevalence of food allergy 57% (27/47) versus 32% (18/57) p

= 0.008. Crude prevalence ratio for factors potentially associated with prevalence of food

allergy are presented in Table 2. Children with a history of treatment with antacid medication

had greater prevalence of having food allergy. Crude prevalence ratio 1.8 (1.2, 2.9). Age ≤ 5

years of age [crude prevalence ratio 1.7 (1.1, 2.6)], and history of atopic dermatitis [crude

prevalence ratio 2.5 (1.2, 4.9)] were also associated with greater prevalence of food allergy. All

other variables examined were not associated with an increase in prevalence of food allergy.

The results of an adjusted model are shown in Table 2. History of ever having an

antacid medication was associated with increased prevalence of food allergy [adjusted

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prevalence ratio 1.7 (1.1, 2.5)]. Atopic dermatitis was also associated with an increased

prevalence of food allergy [adjusted prevalence ratio 2.4 (1.2, 4.7)], and age (≤ 5 years of age)

was associated with a increased prevalence of food allergy [adjusted prevalence ratio 1.5 (1.03,

2.2)].

There was no difference in age at initiation of therapy with antacid medication (2.7 + 4.8 years

vs. 2.8 + 3.4 years p 0.13) or length of therapy with antacid medication (1.2 + 1.8 years vs.

1.3 + 2.0 years p 0.15).

Results of the analysis of the subgroup of individuals with food allergy are presented in

Table 3. Individuals who had ever taken an antacid medication had a higher mean peanut

specific IgE than those who had never taken an antacid medication (11.0 ± 5.0 versus 2.0 ± 5.5

p = 0.01). We found no difference in: percent of food allergic individuals reporting life-

threatening reactions to food, percent of population that are allergic to egg, milk, peanut, shrimp,

soy or wheat, total IgE levels or food specific IgE levels to milk, egg, wheat, soy, or shrimp

between individuals between those reporting ever being treated with antacid medication and

never being treated with antacid medications.

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Discussion:

This cross-sectional study in children demonstrates that treatment with antacid

medication was associated with increased of prevalence of food allergy, and higher levels of

peanut specific IgE. The importance of these data is that it strengthens the link between

increased gastric pH and development of food allergy in humans, and has implications for

clinical practice. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between treatment with

antacid medication and development of food sensitization (i.e. positive skin tests and/or specific

IgE) in human adults and mice.[9-11] In a study of 153 adults treated for 3 months with H2

blockers or Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) demonstrated that 5/153 (3.3%) developed Hazelnut

specific IgE, and 3/153 (1.9%) had a positive oral food challenge to hazelnuts as compared to

that found in the general population (0.2-0.7%).[9] Using murine models of food allergy, it has

been demonstrated that administration of antacid medication is crucial for the development of

reactivity (reduced body temperature) after food challenge.[9, 11] Our data also lend support to

the idea that treatment with antacid medication is associated with development of food allergy in

children.

A recent abstract examining the effect of H2 blockers in a population of 259 children did not

find any relationship between antacid use and food allergy[12]. There are important differences

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between that analysis and the one reported here. That population was obtained mostly from the

general pediatric clinic while this population was obtained from an allergy-immunology clinic and

enriched for atopy, and they focused on use of H2 blockers and did not examine the effect of

PPI’s. There is some evidence that the histamine receptor gene is important in allergy[13-15],

and that stimulation via the histamine H2 receptor reduces both eosinophil and neutrophil

chemotaxis[16], enhances IL10 production[17], inhibits IL13 production[18], inhibits proliferation

of both Th1 and Th2 T-cells[18]. It has been hypothesized that the H2 receptor may be an

important regulator of H1 receptor induced allergic inflammation. We would have liked to look at

the difference in effect between H2 blockers and PPI’s but were unable to do this because of

the small numbers, lack of access to pharmacy data, and inability to collect this data by recall

since many parents were unable to remember the name of the medication used.

We were only able to replicate the increase in IgE levels that has been reported by other

authors for peanut specific IgE. We did not find any differences in total IgE or other food

specific IgE (milk, wheat, soy, or shrimp) between those reporting treatment with antacid

medication and those with no exposure to antacid medication. This pilot study was not

designed or powered to detect these differences, and the numbers of participants with complete

laboratory data was small.

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Threats to internal validity include: exposure (history of treatment with antacid medications)

was determined in a retrospective fashion using parental report (possibly introducing reca65ull

bias and making determination of whether the exposure preceded the disease difficult), the

definition of food allergy was not based on double-blind placebo controlled food challenges

(possibly adding misclassification bias), the fact the questionnaire was not validated, and the

small numbers. We were unable to do further analysis on the subgroup that was currently

taking antacid medication due the small numbers (n = 15). Generalization is also limited due to

the fact that this is a pediatric population obtained from a tertiary care center allergy clinic which

specializes in diagnosis and management of food allergy and the population consisted of

children with a personal or family history of atopy.

We feel that the results from this pilot study are valid as the analysis demonstrates that

report of treatment with antacid medication was independently associated with development of

food allergy, and the data are in-line with what previous authors have found in both murine and

human studies.

The results also have biologic plausibility, although the data is unable to elucidate the

mechanism. Eating is known to be a complicated and delicate balance between tolerance and

immune response.[19] Normally, immunologic responses to food protein in the gastrointestinal

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(GI) tract are mediated by multiple factors including the strong physical barrier of the GI

epithelium, digestive processes (pH & proteolytic enzymes), T-Cells in the lymphoid gut tissue,

and secretory IgA.[19] Together these processes lead to a general immunosuppressed/tolerant

environment in the gastrointestinal tract. Any abnormalities in this balancing act, such as that

seen by the addition of antacid medication, may lead to lack of tolerance and development of

food allergy. Increasing stomach pH could lead to conformational changes in important food

allergen epitopes, and does lead to decrease efficiency of pepsinogen digestion. Any resultant

changes in protein structure (either conformational or via protein digestion) could lead to

enhanced binding (humoral or cellular) and increased recognition.

The data supports the need for prospective studies (clinical and basic science) to determine

the effects of treatment with antacid medication on development of food allergy and the biologic

mechanism responsible for this association. The clinical studies should address some of the

questions this study raises: 1. Will the relationship be maintained in a more rigorous,

prospective study, 2. Is the increased prevalence across all populations or just those with a

personal/family history of atopy, 3. Is the effect due to treatment with antacid medication or the

gastroesophageal reflux itself, 4. Is this effect related to any antacid medication or just to one

class (such as H2 blockers or PPI’s).

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Additional basic science studies are necessary to define the mechanism by which antacid

medications predispose to the development. If a relationship between treatment with antacid

medication and development of food allergy can be clearly be demonstrated, clinicians will need

to consider the risk of development of food allergy with the benefits from treating GER when

starting a child on antacid medications.

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Table 1: Demographic and background data*

*Data represents mean ± SD, or frequency % Table 2: Factors associated with prevalence of food allergy

Crude Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)

History of taking antacid medication Yes 1.8 (1.2, 2.9) 1.7 (1.1, 2.5) No (Reference) 1 (-) 1 (-)

History of Atopic Dermatitis Yes 2.5 (1.2, 4.9) 2.4 (1.2, 4.7) No (Reference) 1 (-) 1 (-)

Age ≤ 5 years of age Yes 1.7 (1.1, 2.6) 1.5 (1.03, 2.2) No (Reference) 1 (-) 1 (-)

*CI = Confidence Interval

All participants Population Distribution n (%)

Population that had ever had antacid medication % (95% CI)

n = 47

Population of those that had food allergy % (95% CI)

n = 45

Overall population 104 (100) 45 43%

Diagnosis of food allergy? Yes No

45 (43) 59 (57)

57 (46 - 74) 32 (22 - 46)

Ever having taken antacid medication? Yes No

47 (45) 57 (55)

57 (43 - 72) 32 (20 - 44)

Child’s Age ≤ 5 years old > 5 to 10 years of age ≥ 10 years of age

44 (42) 34 (33) 26 (25)

40 (28 - 53) 55 (40 - 70) 27 (12 - 41)

57 (42 - 71) 35 (19 - 51) 31 (13 - 49)

Child’s Gender Female Male

32 (31) 72 (69)

46 (31 - 62) 39 (29 - 49)

47 (30 - 64) 42 (30 - 53)

% Population with atopic dermatitis Yes No

66 (63) 38 (37)

41 (30 - 51) 50 (33 - 67)

55 (43 - 67) 23 (8 - 37)

% Population with asthma Yes No

69 (66) 35 (34)

43 (33 - 53) 43 (27 - 59)

45 (33 - 57) 34 (17 - 52)

% Population with allergic rhinitis Yes No

46 (44) 58 (56)

43 (29 - 56) 43 (29 - 56)

50 (36 - 64) 33 (20 - 47)

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Table 3: Subgroup analysis of participants with food allergy (n = 45) by history of treatment with antacid medication

Never had antacid medication* History of ever taking antacid medication *

p

N 18 27

Age (years) 5.6 ± 5.1 6.1 ± 2.9 0.7

Age (years) at diagnosis of food allergy‡ 2.4 ± 2.7 2.0 ± 1.6 0.6

Time (years) since diagnosis of food allergy 1.3 ± 3.0 3.0 ± 2.0 0.6

Egg allergic n (%) 6/18 (33%) 14/27 (52%) 0.2

Milk allergic n (%) 8/18 (44%) 11/27 (41%) 0.8

Peanut allergic n (%) 12/18 (67%) 13/27 (48%) 0.2

Shellfish allergic n (%) 7/18 (39%) 4/27 (11%) 0.07

Soy allergic n (%) 3/18 (17%) 6/27 (22%) 0.7

Wheat allergic n (%) 2/18 (11%) 6/27 (22%) 0.3

% with history of life-threatening reactions to food 8/18 (44.4%) 15/26 (56%)** 0.7

Food allergy considered severe by parent 11/16 (69%)** 18/24 (75%)‡‡ 0.6

Total IgE‡ 164 ± 4.1 244 ± 4.5 0.5

IgE Egg‡ 2.2 ± 12.2 3.3 ± 5.5 0.7

IgE Milk‡ 1.3 ± 20.1 7.4 ±6.7 0.2

IgE Peanut‡ 2.0 ± 5.5 11.0 ± 5.0 0.01

IgE Soy 4.3 ± 5.0 0.7 ± 0.5 0.2

IgE Shrimp‡ 2.7± 5.5 4.3 ± 24.5 0.8

IgE Wheat‡ 1.5 ± 7.4 2.2 ± 6.7 0.7

*Data represents mean ± SD, or frequency % ‡ Log transformed prior to analysis ** 2 missing response, ‡‡ 3 missing responses

n = 45 n = 59 n = 45 n = 59

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References

1. Sicherer, S.H., A. Munoz-Furlong, and H.A. Sampson, Prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy in the United States determined by means of a random digit dial telephone survey: a 5-year follow-up study. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003. 112(6): p. 1203-7.

2. Sampson, H.A., Food allergy. Part 1: immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1999. 103(5 Pt 1): p. 717-28.

3. Burks, A.W., Peanut allergy. Lancet, 2008. 371(9623): p. 1538-46. 4. Yocum, M.W., et al., Epidemiology of anaphylaxis in Olmsted County: A

population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1999. 104(2 Pt 1): p. 452-6. 5. Branum, A.M. and S.L. Lukacs, Food allergy among U.S. children: trends in

prevalence and hospitalizations. NCHS Data Brief, 2008(10): p. 1-8. 6. Sretenovic, A., et al., Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. Acta Chir

Iugosl, 2008. 55(1): p. 47-53. 7. Dent, J., et al., Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic

review. Gut, 2005. 54(5): p. 710-7. 8. Untersmayr, E., et al., Anti-ulcer drugs promote IgE formation toward dietary

antigens in adult patients. FASEB J, 2005. 19(6): p. 656-8. 9. Scholl, I., et al., Antiulcer drugs promote oral sensitization and hypersensitivity to

hazelnut allergens in BALB/c mice and humans. Am J Clin Nutr, 2005. 81(1): p. 154-60.

10. Untersmayr, E., et al., Antacid medication inhibits digestion of dietary proteins and causes food allergy: a fish allergy model in BALB/c mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2003. 112(3): p. 616-23.

11. Diesner, S.C., et al., Dose-dependent food allergy induction against ovalbumin under acid-suppression: a murine food allergy model. Immunol Lett, 2008. 121(1): p. 45-51.

12. Savides C, H.K., Gruenberg DA, Does early H2 blocker use promote food allergy in children. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2011. 127(2): p. AB111.

13. Horio, S., et al., Interleukin-4 up-regulates histamine H1 receptors by activation of H1 receptor gene transcription. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol, 2010. 381(4): p. 305-13.

14. Dinh, Q.T., et al., Transcriptional up-regulation of histamine receptor-1 in epithelial, mucus and inflammatory cells in perennial allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy, 2005. 35(11): p. 1443-8.

15. Mizuguchi, H., et al., [Histamine H receptor gene as an allergic diseases-sensitive gene and its impact on therapeutics for allergic diseases]. Yakugaku Zasshi, 2011. 131(2): p. 171-8.

16. Akdis, C.A. and F.E. Simons, Histamine receptors are hot in immunopharmacology. Eur J Pharmacol, 2006. 533(1-3): p. 69-76.

17. Osna, N., K. Elliott, and M.M. Khan, Regulation of interleukin-10 secretion by histamine in TH2 cells and splenocytes. Int Immunopharmacol, 2001. 1(1): p. 85-96.

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18. Jutel, M., et al., Histamine regulates T-cell and antibody responses by differential expression of H1 and H2 receptors. Nature, 2001. 413(6854): p. 420-5.

19. Mayer, L., Mucosal immunity. Pediatrics, 2003. 111(6 Pt 3): p. 1595-600.

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□ New Patient □ Return Patient Age (months): ______________ 1. Was your child ever diagnosed with reflux? □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know 2. Was your child ever given medication to treat reflux? □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know If No or Don’t know skip to Question 7 3. What was the name of the medication given to treat reflux? ___________________ 4. How old (months) was your child when he/she was given this medication? ________ 5. How long (months) was your child treated for reflux? ________________________ 6. Is your child still taking medication for reflux? □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know 7. Has your child ever been diagnosed with: A. Food Allergy: □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know B. Eczema: □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know C. Hay fever (allergic nose): □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know D. Asthma: □ Yes □ No □ Don’t know If no history of food allergy then stop. 8. What food(s) are you allergic to: _________________________________________ 9. How were you diagnosed with food allergy?:

A. Lab testing B. Skin testing C. Other: ________________________________________________________

10. How old were you when you were diagnosed with food allergy? ________________ 11. How long (years)have you had food allergies: _____________________________

Research Staff Only

Food Allergy Diagnosis: A. Clear (+ Test + History)

B. Unclear

C. No food allergy

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The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 251 The CONTENTS Procedure Data Set Name WORK.FAR Observations 131 Member Type DATA Variables 62 Engine V9 Indexes 0 Created Saturday, April 07, 2012 07:44:58 AM Observation Length 528 Last Modified Saturday, April 07, 2012 07:44:58 AM Deleted Observations 0 Protection Compressed NO Data Set Type Sorted NO Label Data Representation WINDOWS_32 Encoding wlatin1 Western (Windows) Engine/Host Dependent Information Data Set Page Size 16384 Number of Data Set Pages 5 First Data Page 1 Max Obs per Page 30 Obs in First Data Page 16 Number of Data Set Repairs 0 Filename C:\Users\demu2307\AppData\Local\Temp\SAS Temporary Files\_TD5860\far.sas7bdat Release Created 9.0201M0 Host Created W32_VSPRO Alphabetic List of Variables and Attributes # Variable Type Len Format Informat Label AMY Char 1 $1. $1. AMY Age Num 8 Age AgeFAYr Num 8 AgeFAYr CTx Num 8 CTx Disease Num 8 Disease Disease1 Num 8 Disease1 Disease2 Num 8 Disease2 DxAD Num 8 DxAD DxAR Num 8 DxAR DxAsthma Num 8 DxAsthma DxFA Num 8 DxFA EPV_NPV Char 3 $3. $3. EPV/NPV EggAllergy Num 8 EggAllergy Exposure Num 8 Exposure FA Char 97 $97. $97. FA FA_Severe_ Num 8 FA Severe? FamHxAtopy Num 8 FamHxAtopy Gender Num 8 Gender HowDxFA Char 10 $10. $10. HowDxFA IgE Num 8 IgE IgEEgg Num 8 IgEEgg IgEMilk Num 8 IgEMilk IgEPeanut Num 8 IgEPeanut IgESesame Char 1 $1. $1. IgESesame IgEShrimp Num 8 IgEShrimp IgETilapia Num 8 IgETilapia IgEWalnut Char 1 $1. $1. IgEWalnut IgEWheat Num 8 IgEWheat LTR_food Num 8 LTR food LengthFAYr Num 8 LengthFAYr MilkAllergy Num 8 MilkAllergy OtherAllergy Num 8 OtherAllergy PeanutAllergy Num 8 PeanutAllergy

*Data set imported using the File Input Data function*;

*Section of code to clean the data and look for normality*;

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ShellfishAllergy Num 8 ShellfishAllergy SoyAllergy Num 8 SoyAllergy Subject__ Num 8 Subject # WheatAllergy Num 8 WheatAllergy

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 254 The FREQ Procedure Age Cumulative Cumulative Age Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 8.5 1 0.76 88 67.18 8.75 1 0.76 89 67.94 8.83 1 0.76 90 68.70 9 2 1.53 92 70.23 9.08 1 0.76 93 70.99 9.34 1 0.76 94 71.76 9.67 1 0.76 95 72.52 9.75 1 0.76 96 73.28 10 1 0.76 97 74.05 10.17 1 0.76 98 74.81 10.6 1 0.76 99 75.57 10.75 1 0.76 100 76.34 11 5 3.82 105 80.15 11.58 1 0.76 106 80.92 11.75 1 0.76 107 81.68 12 4 3.05 111 84.73 12.75 1 0.76 112 85.50 13 4 3.05 116 88.55 13.34 1 0.76 117 89.31 13.84 1 0.76 118 90.08 13.96 1 0.76 119 90.84 14 4 3.05 123 93.89 14.5 1 0.76 124 94.66 14.75 1 0.76 125 95.42 15 1 0.76 126 96.18 16 1 0.76 127 96.95 16.83 1 0.76 128 97.71 17 1 0.76 129 98.47 17.5 1 0.76 130 99.24 18 1 0.76 131 100.00

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 255

The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: Age (Age) Moments N 131 Sum Weights 131 Mean 7.00206107 Sum Observations 917.27 Std Deviation 4.33414222 Variance 18.7847888 Skewness 0.67953939 Kurtosis -0.5532318 Uncorrected SS 8864.8031 Corrected SS 2442.02254 Coeff Variation 61.8980923 Std Error Mean 0.37867576 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 7.002061 Std Deviation 4.33414 Median 6.000000 Variance 18.78479 Mode 7.000000 Range 17.58000

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable age*;

*After running code there was no missing or missense data noted. See below;

*Looking for normality in the variable age*;

*After running code age appeared to be normally distributed. See below;

Page | 28

Interquartile Range 7.10000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 18.49091 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 65.5 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 4323 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.928782 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.133778 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.545356 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 3.171663 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 18.00 99% 17.50 95% 14.75 90% 13.84 75% Q3 10.60 50% Median 6.00 25% Q1 3.50

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 257 The FREQ Procedure AgeFAYr Cumulative Cumulative AgeFAYr Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0.17 2 2.82 2 2.82 0.25 1 1.41 3 4.23 0.34 1 1.41 4 5.63 0.5 4 5.63 8 11.27 0.67 2 2.82 10 14.08 0.75 4 5.63 14 19.72 0.92 3 4.23 17 23.94 1 16 22.54 33 46.48 1.34 1 1.41 34 47.89 1.5 6 8.45 40 56.34 1.67 1 1.41 41 57.75 1.83 1 1.41 42 59.15 2 6 8.45 48 67.61 2.25 1 1.41 49 69.01 2.4 1 1.41 50 70.42 3 3 4.23 53 74.65 4 4 5.63 57 80.28 5 4 5.63 61 85.92 6 3 4.23 64 90.14 7 1 1.41 65 91.55 8 1 1.41 66 92.96 9 2 2.82 68 95.77 11 1 1.41 69 97.18 13 1 1.41 70 98.59

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable agefayr (age that food

allergy was diagnosed) in those children with a diagnosis of food allergy*;

*After running the code, there is 1 missing data point* I decided to leave

this data point in the analysis*;

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16 1 1.41 71 100.00 Frequency Missing = 1 The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 258 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: AgeFAYr (AgeFAYr) Moments N 71 Sum Weights 71 Mean 2.7115493 Sum Observations 192.52 Std Deviation 3.11023961 Variance 9.67359042 Skewness 2.26011814 Kurtosis 5.57494451 Uncorrected SS 1199.1788 Corrected SS 677.15133 Coeff Variation 114.703414 Std Error Mean 0.36911753 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 2.711549 Std Deviation 3.11024 Median 1.500000 Variance 9.67359 Mode 1.000000 Range 15.83000 Interquartile Range 3.00000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 7.346032 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 35.5 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 1278 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.712197 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.266535 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 1.329517 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 7.048368 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 16.00 99% 16.00 95% 9.00 90% 6.00 75% Q3 4.00 50% Median 1.50 25% Q1 1.00

Page | 30

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 259 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: AgeFAYr (AgeFAYr) Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.50 5% 0.34 1% 0.17 0% Min 0.17 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest--- Value Obs Value Obs 0.17 118 9 4 0.17 5 9 127 0.25 6 11 28 0.34 15 13 30 0.50 126 16 122 Moments N 71 Sum Weights 71 Mean 0.50019332 Sum Observations 35.5137258 Std Deviation 0.99488615 Variance 0.98979845 Skewness 0.18872568 Kurtosis -0.165521 Uncorrected SS 87.0496199 Corrected SS 69.2858915 Coeff Variation 198.900327 Std Error Mean 0.11807126 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 0.500193 Std Deviation 0.99489 Median 0.405465 Variance 0.98980 Mode 0.000000 Range 4.54455 Interquartile Range 1.38629 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 4.236368 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 10.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0065 Signed Rank S 472 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.967712 Pr < W 0.0643 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.157224 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.211691 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 1.085906 Pr > A-Sq 0.0075

*Looking for normality in the variable AgeFAYr. Only in those with Food

Allergy and Probable Food Allergy.*

*After running code: skewness = 2.26 and Kurtosis = 5.6 so data are not

normally distributed. We will log transform the data to see if this improves

the curve.*;

Page | 31

Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 2.772589 99% 2.772589 95% 2.197225 90% 1.791759 75% Q3 1.386294 50% Median 0.405465 25% Q1 0.000000

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 260 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: AgeFAYRLog Moments N 71 Sum Weights 71 Mean 0.50019332 Sum Observations 35.5137258 Std Deviation 0.99488615 Variance 0.98979845 Skewness 0.18872568 Kurtosis -0.165521 Uncorrected SS 87.0496199 Corrected SS 69.2858915 Coeff Variation 198.900327 Std Error Mean 0.11807126 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 0.500193 Std Deviation 0.99489 Median 0.405465 Variance 0.98980 Mode 0.000000 Range 4.54455 Interquartile Range 1.38629 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 4.236368 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 10.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0065 Signed Rank S 472 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.967712 Pr < W 0.0643 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.157224 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.211691 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 1.085906 Pr > A-Sq 0.0075 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 2.772589 99% 2.772589 95% 2.197225 90% 1.791759 75% Q3 1.386294 50% Median 0.405465

*Log transformed AgeFAYr, and then evaluated for normality in AgeFAYrLog*

**Skewness after log transformation = 0.19, Kurtosis = -0.17, so log

transformation was helpful so we will use the log transformed data in the

analysis and present the anti-log.*;

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25% Q1 0.000000 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% -0.693147 5% -1.078810 1% -1.771957 0% Min -1.771957 Extreme Observations ------Lowest------ -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs -1.771957 118 2.19722 4 -1.771957 5 2.19722 127 -1.386294 6 2.39790 28 -1.078810 15 2.56495 30 -0.693147 126 2.77259 122

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 262 The FREQ Procedure LengthFAYr Cumulative Cumulative LengthFAYr Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0.13 1 1.52 1 1.52 0.5 3 4.55 4 6.06 0.84 1 1.52 5 7.58 1 8 12.12 13 19.70 1.25 1 1.52 14 21.21 1.34 1 1.52 15 22.73 1.5 3 4.55 18 27.27 1.67 1 1.52 19 28.79 1.75 1 1.52 20 30.30 2 8 12.12 28 42.42 2.5 1 1.52 29 43.94 2.67 1 1.52 30 45.45 3 9 13.64 39 59.09 3.75 1 1.52 40 60.61 4 3 4.55 43 65.15 4.25 1 1.52 44 66.67 4.5 3 4.55 47 71.21 5 3 4.55 50 75.76 6 2 3.03 52 78.79 7 2 3.03 54 81.82 8 1 1.52 55 83.33 8.75 1 1.52 56 84.85 9 4 6.06 60 90.91 9.25 1 1.52 61 92.42 10 1 1.52 62 93.94 10.75 1 1.52 63 95.45 12 1 1.52 64 96.97 13 1 1.52 65 98.48 15.3 1 1.52 66 100.00 Frequency Missing = 6

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable lengthfayr (length of

diagnosis of food allergy) in those children with a diagnosis of food

allergy*;

*After running the code, there were 6 missing data points for this variable.*;

*Skewness 1.3, Kurtosis 1.1 so normally distributed*;

Page | 33

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 263 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LengthFAYr (LengthFAYr) Moments N 66 Sum Weights 66 Mean 4.04090909 Sum Observations 266.7 Std Deviation 3.44797141 Variance 11.8885069 Skewness 1.307607 Kurtosis 1.13520083 Uncorrected SS 1850.4634 Corrected SS 772.752945 Coeff Variation 85.3266266 Std Error Mean 0.42441594 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 4.040909 Std Deviation 3.44797 Median 3.000000 Variance 11.88851 Mode 3.000000 Range 15.17000 Interquartile Range 3.50000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 9.521106 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 33 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 1105.5 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.85241 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.209541 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.608724 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 3.415469 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 15.30 99% 15.30 95% 10.75 90% 9.00 75% Q3 5.00 50% Median 3.00 25% Q1 1.50

Page | 34


The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LengthFAYr (LengthFAYr) Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 1.00 5% 0.50 1% 0.13 0% Min 0.13 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest---- Value Obs Value Obs 0.13 17 10.00 23 0.50 19 10.75 112 0.50 14 12.00 89 0.50 13 13.00 18 0.84 107 15.30 5

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 265 The FREQ Procedure IgE Cumulative Cumulative IgE Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 1 1 1.79 1 1.79 6 2 3.57 3 5.36 11 2 3.57 5 8.93 24 1 1.79 6 10.71 29 1 1.79 7 12.50 36 1 1.79 8 14.29 44 1 1.79 9 16.07 52 1 1.79 10 17.86 58.3 1 1.79 11 19.64 62 1 1.79 12 21.43 73 1 1.79 13 23.21 85 1 1.79 14 25.00 90 1 1.79 15 26.79 93 1 1.79 16 28.57 98 1 1.79 17 30.36 100 1 1.79 18 32.14 100.5 1 1.79 19 33.93 101 1 1.79 20 35.71 102 1 1.79 21 37.50 155 1 1.79 22 39.29 163 1 1.79 23 41.07 203 1 1.79 24 42.86 220 1 1.79 25 44.64 252 1 1.79 26 46.43 265 2 3.57 28 50.00 311 1 1.79 29 51.79 312 1 1.79 30 53.57 314 1 1.79 31 55.36 321 1 1.79 32 57.14 329 1 1.79 33 58.93 364 1 1.79 34 60.71

Page | 35

366 1 1.79 35 62.50 419 1 1.79 36 64.29 454 2 3.57 38 67.86 476 1 1.79 39 69.64 485 1 1.79 40 71.43 621 1 1.79 41 73.21 636 1 1.79 42 75.00 808 1 1.79 43 76.79 810 1 1.79 44 78.57 855 1 1.79 45 80.36 863 1 1.79 46 82.14 1120 1 1.79 47 83.93 1281 1 1.79 48 85.71 1585 1 1.79 49 87.50 1923 1 1.79 50 89.29 1951 1 1.79 51 91.07 1959 1 1.79 52 92.86 2530 1 1.79 53 94.64 3676 1 1.79 54 96.43 4212 1 1.79 55 98.21 5511 1 1.79 56 100.00 Frequency Missing = 16 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgE (IgE) Moments N 57 Sum Weights 57 Mean 712.961404 Sum Observations 40638.8 Std Deviation 1122.47634 Variance 1259953.13 Skewness 2.56795961 Kurtosis 6.93454499 Uncorrected SS 99531271.1 Corrected SS 70557375.3 Coeff Variation 157.438584 Std Error Mean 148.675623 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 712.9614 Std Deviation 1122 Median 311.0000 Variance 1259953 Mode 6.0000 Range 5510 Interquartile Range 718.00000 NOTE: The mode displayed is the smallest of 4 modes with a count of 2. Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 4.795416 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 28.5 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 826.5 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.64194 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.282221 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 1.408704 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 7.324406 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 5511 99% 5511 95% 3676 90% 1959 75% Q3 808 Quantiles (Definition 5)

*Looking for normality in the variable IgE (total IgE) in those children with

a diagnosis of food allergy*;

*Skewness 2.6, Kurtosis = 6.9, so not normally distributed. We will log

transform the variable and present the anti-log.*;

Page | 36

Quantile Estimate 50% Median 311 25% Q1 90 10% 24 5% 6 1% 1 0% Min 1 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest--- Value Obs Value Obs 1 119 2530 21 6 120 2987 58 6 118 3676 23 11 99 4212 110 11 10 5511 122


The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LogIgE Moments N 57 Sum Weights 57 Mean 5.42207765 Sum Observations 309.058426 Std Deviation 1.77877254 Variance 3.16403174 Skewness -0.6095957 Kurtosis 0.57035853 Uncorrected SS 1852.92456 Corrected SS 177.185777 Coeff Variation 32.8061059 Std Error Mean 0.23560418 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 5.422078 Std Deviation 1.77877 Median 5.739793 Variance 3.16403 Mode 1.791759 Range 8.61450 Interquartile Range 2.19475 NOTE: The mode displayed is the smallest of 4 modes with a count of 2. Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 23.0135 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 28 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 798 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.972023 Pr < W 0.2082 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.085466 Pr > D >0.1500 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.059178 Pr > W-Sq >0.2500 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.388632 Pr > A-Sq >0.2500 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 8.61450 99% 8.61450 95% 8.20958 90% 7.58019 75% Q3 6.69456

*After running code new Skewness -0.6, Kurtosis = 0.6, so improved.

*We will use the log transformed variable *;

Page | 37

Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 50% Median 5.73979 25% Q1 4.49981 10% 3.17805 5% 1.79176 1% 0.00000 0% Min 0.00000 Extreme Observations ------Lowest----- -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs 0.00000 119 7.83597 21 1.79176 120 8.00202 58 1.79176 118 8.20958 23 2.39790 99 8.34569 110 2.39790 10 8.61450 122

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 271 The FREQ Procedure IgEEgg Cumulative Cumulative IgEEgg Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 2 7.69 2 7.69 0.08 1 3.85 3 11.54 0.2 1 3.85 4 15.38 0.37 1 3.85 5 19.23 0.72 1 3.85 6 23.08 0.93 1 3.85 7 26.92 1.22 1 3.85 8 30.77 1.39 1 3.85 9 34.62 1.87 1 3.85 10 38.46 2.59 1 3.85 11 42.31 3.24 1 3.85 12 46.15 3.98 1 3.85 13 50.00 4.22 1 3.85 14 53.85 4.57 1 3.85 15 57.69 8.16 1 3.85 16 61.54 11.3 1 3.85 17 65.38 13.3 1 3.85 18 69.23 14.2 1 3.85 19 73.08 15.3 1 3.85 20 76.92 17.3 1 3.85 21 80.77 19.9 1 3.85 22 84.62 21.8 1 3.85 23 88.46 30.79 1 3.85 24 92.31 55 1 3.85 25 96.15 55.7 1 3.85 26 100.00 Frequency Missing = 6 The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 274 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgEEgg (IgEEgg) Moments N 35 Sum Weights 35 Mean 9.07714286 Sum Observations 317.7 Std Deviation 14.0410383 Variance 197.150756

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable IgEEgg (Egg Specific IgE)

in those children with a diagnosis of food allergy to egg*;

*After running code, there are 6 missing data points, and 26 with data.*;

*Looking for normality in the variable IgEEgg (Egg Specific IgE) in those

children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Egg*;

*After running the code, Skewness 2.3, Kurtosis 5.3 so not normally

distributed*;

*We will log transform the variable and present the anti-log.

Page | 38

Skewness 2.27160946 Kurtosis 5.33965449 Uncorrected SS 9586.934 Corrected SS 6703.12571 Coeff Variation 154.685659 Std Error Mean 2.37336865 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 9.077143 Std Deviation 14.04104 Median 2.590000 Variance 197.15076 Mode 0.000000 Range 55.70000 Interquartile Range 14.10000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.824582 Pr > |t| 0.0005 Sign M 14.5 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 217.5 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.678529 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.258987 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.643956 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 3.747415 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 55.70 99% 55.70 95% 55.00 90% 21.80 75% Q3 14.20 50% Median 2.59 25% Q1 0.10 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.00 5% 0.00 1% 0.00 0% Min 0.00 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest---- Value Obs Value Obs 0 122 19.90 20 0 116 21.80 126 0 100 30.79 107 0 99 55.00 25 0 27 55.70 110 The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 276 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LogIgEEgg

*After log transforming data and running the code. The new Skewness -0.6, and

Kurtosis -0.7, which is improved. We will use the log transformed variable.

Page | 39

Moments N 29 Sum Weights 29 Mean 1.15329051 Sum Observations 33.4454248 Std Deviation 2.01192119 Variance 4.04782688 Skewness -0.5737844 Kurtosis -0.6879783 Uncorrected SS 151.911444 Corrected SS 113.339153 Coeff Variation 174.450511 Std Error Mean 0.37360439 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 1.153291 Std Deviation 2.01192 Median 1.439835 Variance 4.04783 Mode . Range 7.01571 Interquartile Range 2.80042 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.08693 Pr > |t| 0.0045 Sign M 6.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0241 Signed Rank S 124.5 Pr >= |S| 0.0049 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.937267 Pr < W 0.0850 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.144211 Pr > D 0.1240 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.097092 Pr > W-Sq 0.1201 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.617865 Pr > A-Sq 0.0981 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 4.0199801 99% 4.0199801 95% 4.0073332 90% 3.4271900 75% Q3 2.7278528 50% Median 1.4398351 25% Q1 -0.0725 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% -2.3025851 5% -2.5257286 1% -2.9957323 0% Min -2.9957323 Extreme Observations ------Lowest----- -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs -2.99573 4 2.99072 20 -2.52573 119 3.08191 126 -2.30259 3 3.42719 107 -1.60944 120 4.00733 25 -1.51413 95 4.01998 110

Page | 40

The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 278 The FREQ Procedure IgEMilk Cumulative Cumulative IgEMilk Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 1 5.88 1 5.88 0.05 1 5.88 2 11.76 0.45 1 5.88 3 17.65 1.09 1 5.88 4 23.53 2.36 1 5.88 5 29.41 6.11 1 5.88 6 35.29 17.1 1 5.88 7 41.18 17.2 1 5.88 8 47.06 17.4 1 5.88 9 52.94 19.9 1 5.88 10 58.82 30.8 1 5.88 11 64.71 46.2 1 5.88 12 70.59 48.1 1 5.88 13 76.47 51.07 1 5.88 14 82.35 96 1 5.88 15 88.24 100 2 11.76 17 100.00 Frequency Missing = 8 The SAS System 07:09 Saturday, April 7, 2012 279 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgEMilk (IgEMilk) Moments N 27 Sum Weights 27 Mean 21.0522222 Sum Observations 568.41 Std Deviation 32.0150177 Variance 1024.96136 Skewness 1.70370624 Kurtosis 1.85425256 Uncorrected SS 38615.2889 Corrected SS 26648.9953 Coeff Variation 152.074291 Std Error Mean 6.16129302 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 21.05222 Std Deviation 32.01502 Median 4.23000 Variance 1025 Mode 0.00000 Range 100.00000 Interquartile Range 30.70000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.416851 Pr > |t| 0.0021 Sign M 11.5 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 138 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.68926 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.271014 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.589306 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 3.332742 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5)

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable IgEMilk (Milk Specific IgE)

in those children with a diagnosis of food allergy*;

*There are 8 missing data for children with food allergy to milk.*;

*Looking for normality in the variable IgEMilk (Milk Specific IgE) in those

children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Milk*;

*After running the code, *Skewness 1.7, Kurtosis 1.9, so +/- normal

distribution*;


Page | 41

Quantile Estimate 100% Max 100.00 99% 100.00 95% 100.00 90% 96.00 75% Q3 30.80 50% Median 4.23 25% Q1 0.10 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.00 5% 0.00 1% 0.00 0% Min 0.00 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- -----Highest---- Value Obs Value Obs 0.00 116 48.10 104 0.00 100 51.07 90 0.00 99 96.00 20 0.00 27 100.00 25 0.05 8 100.00 106


The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LogIgEMilk Moments N 23 Sum Weights 23 Mean 1.64134636 Sum Observations 37.7509662 Std Deviation 2.39035395 Variance 5.71379203 Skewness -0.6168923 Kurtosis -0.6062491 Uncorrected SS 187.665835 Corrected SS 125.703425 Coeff Variation 145.633732 Std Error Mean 0.49842325 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 1.64135 Std Deviation 2.39035 Median 1.82777 Variance 5.71379 Mode -2.99573 Range 7.60090 Interquartile Range 3.74680 NOTE: The mode displayed is the smallest of 2 modes with a count of 2. Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.293077 Pr > |t| 0.0033 Sign M 6.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0106 Signed Rank S 89 Pr >= |S| 0.0041 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.922045 Pr < W 0.0737 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.1701 Pr > D 0.0834 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.074627 Pr > W-Sq 0.2368 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.530838 Pr > A-Sq 0.1616 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 4.6051702 99% 4.6051702 95% 4.6051702 90% 4.5643482

*After log transforming data and running the code. The new Skewness is -0.6,

Kurtosis -0.6, which is improved. We will use the log transformed data in

analysis, and present the antilog.

Page | 42

75% Q3 3.8329798 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 50% Median 1.8277699 25% Q1 0.0861777 10% -2.3025851 5% -2.9957323 1% -2.9957323 0% Min -2.9957323 Extreme Observations ------Lowest------ -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs -2.995732 8 3.87328 104 -2.995732 4 3.93320 90 -2.302585 3 4.56435 20 -0.798508 103 4.60517 25 -0.527633 122 4.60517 106 The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 32 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgEPeanut (IgEPeanut) Moments N 47 Sum Weights 47 Mean 18.9765957 Sum Observations 891.9 Std Deviation 31.0822844 Variance 966.108406 Skewness 1.99586954 Kurtosis 2.7201757 Uncorrected SS 61366.2124 Corrected SS 44440.9867 Coeff Variation 163.792731 Std Error Mean 4.53381715 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 18.97660 Std Deviation 31.08228 Median 4.57000 Variance 966.10841 Mode 0.00000 Range 100.00000 Interquartile Range 19.24000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 4.185567 Pr > |t| 0.0001 Sign M 20 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 410 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.624412 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.289674 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 1.279535 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 7.119778 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.00 5% 0.00

*Looking for normality in the variable IgEPeanut (Peanut Specific IgE) in

those children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Peanut*;


distribution*;


Page | 43

1% 0.00 0% Min 0.00 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest--- Value Obs Value Obs 0 116 100 20 0 100 100 29 0 99 100 95 0 31 100 102 0 27 100 117


The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LogIgEPeanut Moments N 40 Sum Weights 40 Mean 1.84122988 Sum Observations 73.6491953 Std Deviation 1.92457276 Variance 3.70398031 Skewness -0.5080622 Kurtosis -0.1913541 Uncorrected SS 280.060331 Corrected SS 144.455232 Coeff Variation 104.526479 Std Error Mean 0.30430167 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 1.841230 Std Deviation 1.92457 Median 2.062013 Variance 3.70398 Mode 4.605170 Range 7.60090 Interquartile Range 2.35756 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 6.050673 Pr > |t| <.0001 Sign M 13 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 333 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.960741 Pr < W 0.1775 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.109571 Pr > D >0.1500 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.053154 Pr > W-Sq >0.2500 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.385477 Pr > A-Sq >0.2500 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 4.605170 99% 4.605170 95% 4.605170 90% 4.605170 75% Q3 3.170409 50% Median 2.062013 25% Q1 0.812852 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% -0.913175 5% -1.568648 1% -2.995732 0% Min -2.995732 Extreme Observations ------Lowest------ -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs -2.995732 8 4.60517 20




Page | 44

-1.966113 119 4.60517 29 -1.171183 4 4.60517 95 -1.049822 9 4.60517 102 -0.776529 120 4.60517 117

The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 36 The FREQ Procedure IgEShrimp Cumulative Cumulative IgEShrimp Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 1 8.33 1 8.33 0.05 1 8.33 2 16.67 0.86 1 8.33 3 25.00 1.1 1 8.33 4 33.33 1.24 1 8.33 5 41.67 4.82 1 8.33 6 50.00 6.97 1 8.33 7 58.33 10.4 1 8.33 8 66.67 24.4 1 8.33 9 75.00 25 1 8.33 10 83.33 100 2 16.67 12 100.00 Frequency Missing = 7 The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 37 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgEShrimp (IgEShrimp) Moments N 18 Sum Weights 18 Mean 16.3766667 Sum Observations 294.78 Std Deviation 31.4680798 Variance 990.240047 Skewness 2.39842016 Kurtosis 4.80358264 Uncorrected SS 21661.5946 Corrected SS 16834.0808 Coeff Variation 192.151922 Std Error Mean 7.41709754 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 16.37667 Std Deviation 31.46808 Median 2.89000 Variance 990.24005 Mode 0.00000 Range 100.00000 Interquartile Range 15.40000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 2.207962 Pr > |t| 0.0413 Sign M 6.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0002 Signed Rank S 45.5 Pr >= |S| 0.0002 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.561009 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.301385 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.607354 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 3.336033 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 100.00 99% 100.00 95% 100.00 90% 100.00

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable IgEShrimp (Shrimp Specific

IgE) in those children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Shrimp*;

*There are 7 missing data for children with food allergy to shrimp.*;

*Looking for normality in the variable IgEShrimp (Shrimp Specific IgE) in

those children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Shrimp*;


distribution*;


Page | 45

75% Q3 15.40 50% Median 2.89 25% Q1 0.00 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.00 5% 0.00 1% 0.00 0% Min 0.00 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest---- Value Obs Value Obs 0 109 15.4 91 0 100 24.4 124 0 89 25.0 122 0 28 100.0 123 0 27 100.0 127

The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 39 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LogIgEShrimp Moments N 13 Sum Weights 13 Mean 1.76085809 Sum Observations 22.8911552 Std Deviation 2.10593218 Variance 4.43495034 Skewness -0.7354708 Kurtosis 0.83477967 Uncorrected SS 93.5274799 Corrected SS 53.2194041 Coeff Variation 119.596928 Std Error Mean 0.5840805 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 1.760858 Std Deviation 2.10593 Median 1.941615 Variance 4.43495 Mode 4.605170 Range 7.60090 Interquartile Range 2.97947 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.014752 Pr > |t| 0.0108 Sign M 4.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0225 Signed Rank S 34.5 Pr >= |S| 0.0134 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.945136 Pr < W 0.5267 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.145449 Pr > D >0.1500 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.035771 Pr > W-Sq >0.2500 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.274324 Pr > A-Sq >0.2500 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 4.605170 99% 4.605170 95% 4.605170 90% 4.605170 75% Q3 3.194583 50% Median 1.941615 25% Q1 0.215111 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% -0.150823 5% -2.995732 1% -2.995732


Kurtosis 0.8, which is improved. We will use the log transformed data in


Page | 46

0% Min -2.995732 Extreme Observations -------Lowest------ -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs -2.9957323 4 2.73437 91 -0.1508229 115 3.19458 124 0.0953102 95 3.21888 122 0.2151114 110 4.60517 123 1.5129270 117 4.60517 127

The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 41 The FREQ Procedure IgESoy Cumulative Cumulative IgESoy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0.94 1 20.00 1 20.00 1.19 1 20.00 2 40.00 6.75 1 20.00 3 60.00 10.1 1 20.00 4 80.00 15.8 1 20.00 5 100.00

Frequency Missing = 5

The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 43 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgESoy (IgESoy) Moments N 16 Sum Weights 16 Mean 5.985 Sum Observations 95.76 Std Deviation 6.94241937 Variance 48.1971867 Skewness 1.01380963 Kurtosis -0.2551547 Uncorrected SS 1296.0814 Corrected SS 722.9578 Coeff Variation 115.996982 Std Error Mean 1.73560484 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 5.985000 Std Deviation 6.94242 Median 2.360000 Variance 48.19719 Mode 0.000000 Range 20.30000 Interquartile Range 9.27000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.448366 Pr > |t| 0.0036 Sign M 6.5 Pr >= |M| 0.0002 Signed Rank S 45.5 Pr >= |S| 0.0002 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.821854 Pr < W 0.0054 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.233352 Pr > D 0.0202 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.184849 Pr > W-Sq 0.0073 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 1.114632 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable IgESoy (Soy Specific IgE)

in those children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Soy*;

*There are 5 missing data for children with food allergy to soy.*;

*Looking for normality in the variable IgESoy (Soy Specific IgE) in those

children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Soy*;

*After running the code, *Skewness 1.0, Kurtosis -0.3, so normally

distributed*;

Page | 47

Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 20.30 99% 20.30 95% 20.30 90% 18.10 75% Q3 9.77 50% Median 2.36 25% Q1 0.50 Variable: IgESoy (IgESoy) Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.00 5% 0.00 1% 0.00 0% Min 0.00 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest---- Value Obs Value Obs 0.0 99 9.44 25 0.0 27 10.10 125 0.0 9 15.80 26 0.3 4 18.10 117 0.7 110 20.30 58

The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 45 The FREQ Procedure IgEWheat Cumulative Cumulative IgEWheat Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0.37 1 12.50 1 12.50 0.94 1 12.50 2 25.00 1.03 1 12.50 3 37.50 2.49 1 12.50 4 50.00 16.3 1 12.50 5 62.50 19.3 1 12.50 6 75.00 52.2 1 12.50 7 87.50 100 1 12.50 8 100.00 Frequency Missing = 4

The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: IgEWheat (IgEWheat) Moments N 19 Sum Weights 19 Mean 13.1357895 Sum Observations 249.58 Std Deviation 24.7354438 Variance 611.842181 Skewness 2.8500803 Kurtosis 8.76927178 Uncorrected SS 14291.5896 Corrected SS 11013.1593 Coeff Variation 188.305727 Std Error Mean 5.6747 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 13.13579 Std Deviation 24.73544 Median 2.49000 Variance 611.84218 Mode 0.00000 Range 100.00000

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable IgEWheat (Wheat Specific

IgE) in those children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Wheat*;

*There are 4 missing data for children with food allergy to Wheat.*;

*Looking for normality in the variable IgEWheat (Wheat Specific IgE) in those

children with a diagnosis of food allergy to Wheat*;

*After running the code, *Skewness 2.9, Kurtosis 8.8, so not normally

distributed*;

* We will log transform to improve the normality.

Page | 48

Interquartile Range 18.93000 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 2.314799 Pr > |t| 0.0326 Sign M 8 Pr >= |M| <.0001 Signed Rank S 68 Pr >= |S| <.0001 Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.585055 Pr < W <0.0001 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.297692 Pr > D <0.0100 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.557126 Pr > W-Sq <0.0050 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 2.979067 Pr > A-Sq <0.0050 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 100.00 99% 100.00 95% 100.00 90% 52.20 75% Q3 19.30 50% Median 2.49 25% Q1 0.37 Variable: IgEWheat (IgEWheat) Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% 0.00 5% 0.00 1% 0.00 0% Min 0.00 Extreme Observations ----Lowest---- ----Highest---- Value Obs Value Obs 0.00 116 19.3 125 0.00 99 20.4 58 0.00 27 20.9 25 0.23 4 52.2 90 0.37 103 100.0 126

The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 48 The UNIVARIATE Procedure Variable: LogIgEWheat Moments N 16 Sum Weights 16 Mean 1.43324803 Sum Observations 22.9319684 Std Deviation 1.8290189 Variance 3.34531015 Skewness 0.07544846 Kurtosis -1.0183463 Uncorrected SS 83.0468507 Corrected SS 50.1796522 Coeff Variation 127.613565 Std Error Mean 0.45725473 Basic Statistical Measures Location Variability Mean 1.433248 Std Deviation 1.82902 Median 1.110471 Variance 3.34531 Mode . Range 6.07485 Interquartile Range 3.00398 Tests for Location: Mu0=0 Test -Statistic- -----p Value------ Student's t t 3.134463 Pr > |t| 0.0068 Sign M 4 Pr >= |M| 0.0768 Signed Rank S 47 Pr >= |S| 0.0131

*After log transforming data and running the code. The new Skewness is 0.8,



Page | 49

Tests for Normality Test --Statistic--- -----p Value------ Shapiro-Wilk W 0.960786 Pr < W 0.6761 Kolmogorov-Smirnov D 0.146086 Pr > D >0.1500 Cramer-von Mises W-Sq 0.043721 Pr > W-Sq >0.2500 Anderson-Darling A-Sq 0.267672 Pr > A-Sq >0.2500 Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 100% Max 4.6051702 99% 4.6051702 95% 4.6051702 90% 3.9550825 75% Q3 2.9878200 50% Median 1.1104706 25% Q1 -0.0161583 Variable: LogIgEWheat Quantiles (Definition 5) Quantile Estimate 10% -0.9942523 5% -1.4696760 1% -1.4696760 0% Min -1.4696760 Extreme Observations -------Lowest------ -----Highest----- Value Obs Value Obs -1.4696760 4 2.96011 125 -0.9942523 103 3.01553 58 -0.7765288 9 3.03975 25 -0.0618754 91 3.95508 90 0.0295588 108 4.60517 126


The FREQ Procedure Disease Cumulative Cumulative Disease Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ No Disease 59 45.04 59 45.04 Possible Food Allergy 27 20.61 86 65.65 Food Allergy 45 34.35 131 100.00 The SAS System 14:54 Saturday, April 7, 2012 51 The FREQ Procedure Exposure Cumulative Cumulative Exposure Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Never treated with antacid medications 77 58.78 77 58.78 Treated with antacid medications 54 41.22 131 100.00

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable Disease*;


*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable Exposure*;


*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable Gender*;


Page | 50

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Gender

Gender Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

Female 39 29.77 39 29.77

Male 92 70.23 131 100.00

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAD

DxAD Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No history of Atopic Dermatitis 34 27.42 34 27.42

History of Atopic Dermatitis 86 69.35 120 96.77

2 4 3.23 124 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxADClean Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No history of Atopic Dermatitis 34 28.33 34 28.33

History of Atopic Dermatitis 86 71.67 120 100.00


*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable DxAD*;

*After running code there were 11 missing or missense data noted (4 responses

of unknown and 7 missing). See below.;

*We created a variable DxADClean that codes all missing or nonsense data as

missing, and use this in further analysis (see below).;

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable DxAsthma*;

*After running code there were 8 missing or missense data noted (5 unknown and

3 missing). See below.

Page | 51

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthma

DxAsthma Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No history of asthma 37 28.91 37 28.91

History of asthma 86 67.19 123 96.09

2 5 3.91 128 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthmaClean Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No history of asthma 37 30.08 37 30.08

History of asthma 86 69.92 123 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAR

DxAR Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No history of allergic rhinitis 54 46.15 54 46.15

History of allergic rhinitis 54 46.15 108 92.31

2 9 7.69 117 100.00


*We created a variable DxAsthmaClean that codes all missing or nonsense data

as missing, and use this in further analysis (see below).;

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable DxAR*;

*After running code there were 23 missing or missense data noted (9 unknown

and 14 missing). See below.

*We created a variable DxARClean that codes all missing or nonsense data as

missing, and use this in further analysis (see below).;

Page | 52

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No history of allergic rhinitis 54 50.00 54 50.00

History of allergic rhinitis 54 50.00 108 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

FA Severe?

FA_Severe_ Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

Parents do not consider the food allergy to be severe

19 29.69 19 29.69

Parents consider the food allergy to be severe

45 70.31 64 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

FA_Severe_Clean Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent


19 29.69 19 29.69


45 70.31 64 100.00


*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable FA_Severe_*;



*We created a variable FA_Severe_Clean that codes all missing or nonsense data


Page | 53

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

LTR food

LTR_food Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No report of life threatening reactions to food

42 59.15 42 59.15

Report of life threatening reactions to food

29 40.85 71 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

LTR_FoodClean Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

No report of life threatening reactions to food

42 59.15 42 59.15

Report of life threatening reactions to food

29 40.85 71 100.00


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of ExposureFinal by Disease

ExposureFinal Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

No Disease

Possible Food

Allergy

Total

*Looking for missing/missense data in the variable LTR_Food.*;



*We created a variable LTR_FoodClean that codes all missing or nonsense data


*Univariate analysis of association of exposure and disease unadjusted model.

*We will use the Prevalence Ratio to look for significance.*;

* Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 0.0107 * So there is a significant association between exposure and disease.*;

Page | 54

Had taken antacid medication

27

20.61

50.00

60.00

20

15.27

37.04

33.90

7

5.34

12.96

25.93

54

41.22

Never took antacid medication

18

13.74

23.38

40.00

39

29.77

50.65

66.10

20

15.27

25.97

74.07

77

58.78

Total 45

34.35

59

45.04

27

20.61

131

100.00

Statistics for Table of ExposureFinal by Disease

Statistic DF Value Prob

Chi-Square 2 10.4622 0.0053

Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square 2 10.5089 0.0052

Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 6.5169 0.0107

Phi Coefficient 0.2826

Contingency Coefficient 0.2720

Cramer's V 0.2826

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.4484 0.1273

Kendall's Tau-b 0.2589 0.0789

Stuart's Tau-c 0.2876 0.0882

Somers' D C|R 0.2968 0.0905

Somers' D R|C 0.2259 0.0690

Pearson Correlation -0.2239 0.0863

Spearman Correlation 0.2729 0.0832

Lambda Asymmetric C|R 0.0972 0.0905

Page | 55

Statistic Value ASE

Lambda Asymmetric R|C 0.1667 0.1134

Lambda Symmetric 0.1270 0.0910

Uncertainty Coefficient C|R 0.0381 0.0231

Uncertainty Coefficient R|C 0.0592 0.0358

Uncertainty Coefficient Symmetric 0.0464 0.0281

Sample Size = 131

Summary Statistics for ExposureFinal by Disease

Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Statistics (Based on Table Scores)

Statistic Alternative Hypothesis DF Value Prob

1 Nonzero Correlation 1 6.5169 0.0107

2 Row Mean Scores Differ 1 6.5169 0.0107

3 General Association 2 10.3824 0.0056

Total Sample Size = 131

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct



No Disease Food Allergy Total

Had taken antacid medication 20

19.23

42.55

33.90

27

25.96

57.45

60.00

47

45.19

*Because Disease is a 3 level variable it is unclear where the association

lies (ie between those with food allergy, possible food allergy and/or no food

allergy).*;

*We will now determine where the association is.*;

*There is an association between those with food allergy and no food allergy

and antacid medication.*;

*Mantel-Haenszel Chi Square 0.5/Prevalence Ratio 1.8 (1.2, 2.9)

Page | 56

Never took antacid medication 39

37.50

68.42

66.10

18

17.31

31.58

40.00

57

54.81

Total 59

56.73

45

43.27

104

100.00



Chi-Square 1 7.0220 0.0081


Continuity Adj. Chi-Square 1 6.0078 0.0142


Phi Coefficient -0.2598


Cramer's V -0.2598

Fisher's Exact Test

Cell (1,1) Frequency (F) 20

Left-sided Pr <= F 0.0070

Right-sided Pr >= F 0.9979

Table Probability (P) 0.0049

Two-sided Pr <= P 0.0101

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma -0.4904 0.1558

Kendall's Tau-b -0.2598 0.0951

Stuart's Tau-c -0.2563 0.0941

Somers' D C|R -0.2587 0.0948

Somers' D R|C -0.2610 0.0956

Page | 57

Statistic Value ASE


Spearman Correlation -0.2598 0.0951







Estimates of the Relative Risk (Row1/Row2)

Type of Study Value 95% Confidence Limits

Case-Control (Odds Ratio) 0.3419 0.1530 0.7638

Cohort (Col1 Risk) 0.6219 0.4270 0.9059

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 1.8191 1.1547 2.8658

Sample Size = 104







Estimates of the Common Relative Risk (Row1/Row2)

Type of Study Method Value 95% Confidence Limits

Case-Control Mantel-Haenszel 0.3419 0.1530 0.7638

(Odds Ratio) Logit 0.3419 0.1530 0.7638

Cohort Mantel-Haenszel 0.6219 0.4270 0.9059

(Col1 Risk) Logit 0.6219 0.4270 0.9059

Page | 58




(Col2 Risk) Logit 1.8191 1.1547 2.8658


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of ExposureFinal by Disease1

ExposureFinal Disease1(Disease1)

Possible Food

Allergy

No Food Allergy

Total


7

8.14

25.93

25.93

20

23.26

74.07

33.90

27

31.40


20

23.26

33.90

74.07

39

45.35

66.10

66.10

59

68.60

Total 27

31.40

59

68.60

86

100.00


Statistics for Table of ExposureFinal by Disease1


Chi-Square 1 0.5466 0.4597

*There is no association between those with no food allergy and possible food

allergy and antacid medication.*;

*Mantel-Haenszel Chi Square 0.5/Prevalence Ratio 0.8 (0.4, 1.6)

Page | 59







Cramer's V -0.0797

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma -0.1887 0.2499


Stuart's Tau-c -0.0687 0.0902

Somers' D C|R -0.0797 0.1045

Somers' D R|C -0.0797 0.1045










Page | 60



Cohort (Col1 Risk) 0.7648 0.3684 1.5877

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 1.1206 0.8398 1.4952

Effective Sample Size = 86 Frequency Missing = 45

WARNING: 34% of the data are missing.

Summary Statistics for ExposureFinal by Disease1









(Odds Ratio) Logit 0.6825 0.2472 1.8844


(Col1 Risk) Logit 0.7648 0.3684 1.5877


(Col2 Risk) Logit 1.1206 0.8398 1.4952



Total Sample Size = 86 *There is an association between those with food allergy and possible food

allergy and antacid medication.*;

*Mantel-Haenszel Chi Square 0.005/Prevalence Ratio 1.7 (1.2, 2.4).* See

below.*;

Page | 61

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct



Food Allergy

Possible Food

Allergy

Total


27

37.50

79.41

60.00

7

9.72

20.59

25.93

34

47.22


18

25.00

47.37

40.00

20

27.78

52.63

74.07

38

52.78

Total 45

62.50

27

37.50

72

100.00



Chi-Square 1 7.8613 0.0051






Cramer's V 0.3304

Page | 62

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.6216 0.1639


Stuart's Tau-c 0.3194 0.1064

Somers' D C|R 0.3204 0.1066

Somers' D R|C 0.3407 0.1116












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.6765 1.1507 2.4425

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.3912 0.1893 0.8083

Sample Size = 72

Page | 63










(Odds Ratio) Logit 4.2857 1.5040 12.2123


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.6765 1.1507 2.4425


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.3912 0.1893 0.8083


The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: Age (Age)

Disease N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum

0 59 7.7232 4.4089 0.5740 0.4200 18.0000

2 45 5.8989 3.8953 0.5807 1.0000 16.8300

Diff (1-2) 1.8243 4.1951 0.8303

Disease Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev

*In the following section we will determine if there is any additional

differences between the disease groups: food allergy, possible food allergy,

and no food allergy.*;

*We will start with the continuous variables. Beginning with Age.*;

* There is a significant difference between those with food allergy and those

with no food allergy (p = 0.03). *;

* There is no significant difference between those with food allergy and

possible food allergy (p = 0.2).*;

* There is no significant difference between those with no food allergy and

possible food allergy (p = 0.7).*;

Page | 64


0 7.7232 6.5742 8.8722 4.4089 3.7323 5.3875

2 5.8989 4.7286 7.0692 3.8953 3.2247 4.9205

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.8243 0.1775 3.4712 4.1951 3.6899 4.8617

Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite 1.8243 0.2044 3.4443

Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t|

Pooled Equal 102 2.20 0.0303

Satterthwaite Unequal 99.748 2.23 0.0277

Equality of Variances

Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F

Folded F 58 44 1.28 0.3937

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: Age (Age)


1 27 7.2648 4.6395 0.8929 1.7900 17.0000

2 45 5.8989 3.8953 0.5807 1.0000 16.8300

Diff (1-2) 1.3659 4.1872 1.0193


1 7.2648 5.4295 9.1001 4.6395 3.6537 6.3581

2 5.8989 4.7286 7.0692 3.8953 3.2247 4.9205

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.3659 -0.6670 3.3988 4.1872 3.5938 5.0171

Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite 1.3659 -0.7760 3.5079


Pooled Equal 70 1.34 0.1846



Page | 65


Folded F 26 44 1.42 0.3007

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: Age (Age)


0 59 7.7232 4.4089 0.5740 0.4200 18.0000

1 27 7.2648 4.6395 0.8929 1.7900 17.0000

Diff (1-2) 0.4584 4.4816 1.0413


0 7.7232 6.5742 8.8722 4.4089 3.7323 5.3875

1 7.2648 5.4295 9.1001 4.6395 3.6537 6.3581

Diff (1-2) Pooled 0.4584 -1.6123 2.5291 4.4816 3.8943 5.2790







Folded F 26 58 1.11 0.7278

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: AgeFAYRLog


1 26 0.7057 1.1552 0.2266 -1.7720 2.7726


possible food allergy (p = 0.2) for the variable AgeFAYrLog.*;

* I did not run this analysis for those with no food allergy.*;

Page | 66


2 45 0.3815 0.8815 0.1314 -1.7720 2.1972

Diff (1-2) 0.3242 0.9895 0.2437


1 0.7057 0.2391 1.1723 1.1552 0.9060 1.5946

2 0.3815 0.1166 0.6463 0.8815 0.7298 1.1135

Diff (1-2) Pooled 0.3242 -0.1620 0.8105 0.9895 0.8484 1.1873







Folded F 25 44 1.72 0.1148

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: LengthFAYr (LengthFAYr)


1 23 3.7974 2.9609 0.6174 0.5000 10.0000

2 43 4.1712 3.7090 0.5656 0.1300 15.3000

Diff (1-2) -0.3738 3.4701 0.8964


1 3.7974 2.5170 5.0778 2.9609 2.2900 4.1908

2 4.1712 3.0297 5.3126 3.7090 3.0582 4.7142

Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.3738 -2.1646 1.4170 3.4701 2.9592 4.1958


possible food allergy (p = 0.7) for the variable LengthFAYrLog.*;


Page | 67


Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite -0.3738 -2.0522 1.3047


Pooled Equal 64 -0.42 0.6781

Satterthwaite Unequal 54.366 -0.45 0.6571



Folded F 42 22 1.57 0.2585

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: LogIgE


1 19 5.4517 2.2688 0.5205 0 8.6145

2 37 5.3371 1.4681 0.2414 2.3979 8.3457

Diff (1-2) 0.1146 1.7756 0.5011


1 5.4517 4.3582 6.5452 2.2688 1.7143 3.3551

2 5.3371 4.8476 5.8266 1.4681 1.1939 1.9071

Diff (1-2) Pooled 0.1146 -0.8901 1.1193 1.7756 1.4948 2.1872








possible food allergy (p = 0.8) for the variable LogIgE.*;


Page | 68



Folded F 18 36 2.39 0.0257

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEEgg


1 11 1.2050 2.1961 0.6622 -2.5257 4.0073

2 17 1.0471 1.9900 0.4826 -2.9957 4.0200

Diff (1-2) 0.1579 2.0717 0.8017


1 1.2050 -0.2704 2.6804 2.1961 1.5345 3.8541

2 1.0471 0.0240 2.0703 1.9900 1.4821 3.0286

Diff (1-2) Pooled 0.1579 -1.4899 1.8057 2.0717 1.6315 2.8391





The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEMilk


1 6 2.6148 2.0850 0.8512 -0.5276 4.6052

2 16 1.2887 2.5331 0.6333 -2.9957 4.6052


possible food allergy (p = 0.8) for the variable LogIgEEgg.*;



possible food allergy (p = 0.7) for the variable LogIgEMilk.*;


Page | 69


Diff (1-2) 1.3261 2.4289 1.1627


1 2.6148 0.4267 4.8029 2.0850 1.3015 5.1137

2 1.2887 -0.0611 2.6385 2.5331 1.8712 3.9205

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.3261 -1.0993 3.7515 2.4289 1.8582 3.5075







Folded F 15 5 1.48 0.7057

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEPeanut


1 15 2.2395 2.0209 0.5218 -1.9661 4.6052

2 25 1.6023 1.8649 0.3730 -2.9957 4.6052

Diff (1-2) 0.6372 1.9239 0.6283


1 2.2395 1.1203 3.3587 2.0209 1.4796 3.1872

2 1.6023 0.8325 2.3721 1.8649 1.4562 2.5944

Diff (1-2) Pooled 0.6372 -0.6348 1.9092 1.9239 1.5723 2.4794


possible food allergy (p = 0.7) for the variable LogIgEPeanut.*;


Page | 70








Folded F 14 24 1.17 0.7057

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEShrimp


1 6 2.3256 1.6798 0.6858 -0.1508 4.6052

2 7 1.2768 2.4344 0.9201 -2.9957 4.6052

Diff (1-2) 1.0488 2.1249 1.1822


1 2.3256 0.5627 4.0885 1.6798 1.0486 4.1200

2 1.2768 -0.9746 3.5282 2.4344 1.5687 5.3606

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.0488 -1.5532 3.6507 2.1249 1.5052 3.6078







possible food allergy (p = 0.4) for the variable LogIgEShrimp.*;


Page | 71


Folded F 6 5 2.10 0.4329

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: IgESoy (IgESoy)


1 7 7.9257 6.9979 2.6449 0 18.1000

2 8 2.4975 3.7901 1.3400 0 10.1000

Diff (1-2) 5.4282 5.5078 2.8506


1 7.9257 1.4538 14.3977 6.9979 4.5094 15.4098

2 2.4975 -0.6711 5.6661 3.7901 2.5059 7.7138

Diff (1-2) Pooled 5.4282 -0.7301 11.5865 5.5078 3.9929 8.8734







Folded F 6 7 3.41 0.1336

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEWheat



possible food allergy (p = 0.08) for the variable LogIgESoy.*;



possible food allergy (p = 0.08) for the variable LogIgEWheat.*;


Page | 72


1 6 2.3468 1.4335 0.5852 0.8329 4.6052

2 9 0.6484 1.8320 0.6107 -1.4697 3.9551

Diff (1-2) 1.6984 1.6899 0.8907


1 2.3468 0.8424 3.8512 1.4335 0.8948 3.5158

2 0.6484 -0.7598 2.0566 1.8320 1.2374 3.5097

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.6984 -0.2257 3.6225 1.6899 1.2251 2.7225







Folded F 8 5 1.63 0.6108

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of Gender by Disease1

Gender(Gender) Disease1(Disease1)

Possible Food Allergy

No Food Allergy Total

Female 7

8.14

17

19.77

24

27.91

* In this next section we will look for differences in dichotomous data

between those with food allergy, possible food allergy, and no food allergy.*;

* We will begin with the variable, Gender*;

* There was no association between those with no food allergy and possible

food allergy M-H Chi Square 0.8, PR 0.8 (0.4, 1.9).*;

* There was no association between those with food allergy and no food allergy

M-H Chi Square 0.6, PR 1.1 (0.7, 1.8)

* There was no association between those with food allergy and possible food

allergy. M-H Chi Square 0.5, PR 1.1 (0.8, 1.6).*;

* So, overall no difference in gender for any of the disease categories.*;

Page | 73

29.17

25.93

70.83

28.81

Male 20

23.26

32.26

74.07

42

48.84

67.74

71.19

62

72.09

Total 27

31.40

59

68.60

86

100.00


Statistics for Table of Gender by Disease1


Chi-Square 1 0.0768 0.7817






Cramer's V -0.0299

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma -0.0726 0.2611

Page | 74

Statistic Value ASE


Stuart's Tau-c -0.0249 0.0887

Somers' D C|R -0.0309 0.1101

Somers' D R|C -0.0289 0.1029












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 0.9042 0.4400 1.8581

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 1.0456 0.7678 1.4241



Summary Statistics for Gender by Disease1








Page | 75




(Odds Ratio) Logit 0.8647 0.3091 2.4190


(Col1 Risk) Logit 0.9042 0.4400 1.8581


(Col2 Risk) Logit 1.0456 0.7678 1.4241



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of Gender by Disease

Gender(Gender) Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy No Disease Total

Female 15

14.42

46.88

33.33

17

16.35

53.13

28.81

32

30.77

Male 30

28.85

41.67

66.67

42

40.38

58.33

71.19

72

69.23

Total 45

43.27

59

56.73

104

100.00

Statistics for Table of Gender by Disease


Page | 76


Chi-Square 1 0.2448 0.6207






Cramer's V 0.0485

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1053 0.2113


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0444 0.0901

Somers' D C|R 0.0521 0.1056

Somers' D R|C 0.0452 0.0917









Page | 77




Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.1250 0.7109 1.7804

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.9107 0.6231 1.3311

Sample Size = 104 Summary Statistics for Gender by Disease









(Odds Ratio) Logit 1.2353 0.5346 2.8545


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.1250 0.7109 1.7804


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.9107 0.6231 1.3311


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Table of Gender by Disease

Gender(Gender) Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy Possible Food Allergy

Total

Page | 78

Col Pct

Female 15

20.83

68.18

33.33

7

9.72

31.82

25.93

22

30.56

Male 30

41.67

60.00

66.67

20

27.78

40.00

74.07

50

69.44

Total 45

62.50

27

37.50

72

100.00

Statistics for Table of Gender by Disease


Chi-Square 1 0.4364 0.5089






Cramer's V 0.0778

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Page | 79

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1765 0.2622


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0694 0.1030

Somers' D C|R 0.0818 0.1211

Somers' D R|C 0.0741 0.1098












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.1364 0.7894 1.6358

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.7955 0.3952 1.6012

Sample Size = 72

Summary Statistics for Gender by Disease







Page | 80



(Odds Ratio) Logit 1.4286 0.4946 4.1261


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.1364 0.7894 1.6358


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.7955 0.3952 1.6012


The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of FamHxAtopy by Disease

FamHxAtopy(FamHxAtopy) Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

No Disease

Possible Food

Allergy

Total

No 5

4.95

26.32

11.63

14

13.86

73.68

24.14

0

0.00

0.00

.

19

18.81

Yes 38

37.62

46.34

88.37

44

43.56

53.66

75.86

0

0.00

0.00

.

82

81.19

Total 43

42.57

58

57.43

0

0.00

101

100.00


Statistics for Table of FamHxAtopy by Disease

* We next look at the variable, FamHxAtopy.*;

* There was no difference in the variable FamHxAtopy.*;

Page | 81

(Rows and Columns with Zero Totals Excluded)


Chi-Square 1 2.5303 0.1117






Cramer's V -0.1583

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma -0.4149 0.2343


Stuart's Tau-c -0.1223 0.0729

Somers' D C|R -0.2003 0.1151

Somers' D R|C -0.1251 0.0745

Pearson Correlation 0.1583 0.0917







Page | 82

Statistic Value ASE





Cohort (Col1 Risk) 0.5679 0.2583 1.2483

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 1.3732 0.9817 1.9209



Summary Statistics for FamHxAtopy by Disease

(Rows and Columns with Zero Totals Excluded)









(Odds Ratio) Logit 0.4135 0.1363 1.2542


(Col1 Risk) Logit 0.5679 0.2583 1.2483


Page | 83



(Col2 Risk) Logit 1.3732 0.9817 1.9209

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxADClean by Disease

DxADClean Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

No Disease

Possible Food

Allergy

Total

History of Atopic Dermatitis

36

30.00

41.86

83.72

29

24.17

33.72

54.72

21

17.50

24.42

87.50

86

71.67

No history of Atopic Dermatitis

7

5.83

20.59

16.28

24

20.00

70.59

45.28

3

2.50

8.82

12.50

34

28.33

Total 43

35.83

53

44.17

24

20.00

120

100.00


* We next look at the variable, DxADClean.*;

* There was an overall significant difference in the variable DxADClean (p =

0.001).*;

* There was a significant difference between those with no food allergy and

possible food allergy (Fischer Exact test due to a cell with n = 3) p =

0.005). PR 3.8 (1.2, 11.5)*;

* There was a significant difference between those with food allergy and no

food allergy. MH Chi Square 0.003 PR 2.5 (1.2, 4.9).*;

* There was no difference between those with food allergy and possible food

allergy. MH Chi Square 0.7. PR 0.9 (0.6, 1.4)

Page | 84

Statistics for Table of DxADClean by Disease


Chi-Square 2 13.5388 0.0011





Cramer's V 0.3359

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1072 0.1477


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0569 0.0791

Somers' D C|R 0.0701 0.0972

Somers' D R|C 0.0447 0.0625










Summary Statistics for DxADClean by Disease




Page | 85






The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxADCleanFinal by Disease1

DxADCleanFinal Disease1(Disease1)

Possible Food

Allergy

No Food Allergy

Total

History of Atopic Dermatitis 21

27.27

42.00

87.50

29

37.66

58.00

54.72

50

64.94

No History of Atopic Dermatitis

3

3.90

11.11

12.50

24

31.17

88.89

45.28

27

35.06

Total 24

31.17

53

68.83

77

100.00


Statistics for Table of DxADCleanFinal by Disease1


Chi-Square 1 7.7973 0.0052

Page | 86







Cramer's V 0.3182

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.7056 0.1698


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2813 0.0865

Somers' D C|R 0.3089 0.0924

Somers' D R|C 0.3278 0.0961










Page | 87



Cohort (Col1 Risk) 3.7800 1.2389 11.5330

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.6525 0.4976 0.8556



Summary Statistics for DxADCleanFinal by Disease1









(Odds Ratio) Logit 5.7931 1.5396 21.7973


(Col1 Risk) Logit 3.7800 1.2389 11.5330


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.6525 0.4976 0.8556



The SAS System

Page | 88

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct





37.50

55.38

83.72

29

30.21

44.62

54.72

65

67.71

No history of Atopic Dermatitis 7

7.29

22.58

16.28

24

25.00

77.42

45.28

31

32.29

Total 43

44.79

53

55.21

96

100.00




Chi-Square 1 9.1339 0.0025






Cramer's V 0.3085

Fisher's Exact Test



Page | 89

Fisher's Exact Test




Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.6195 0.1531


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2869 0.0878

Somers' D C|R 0.3280 0.0972

Somers' D R|C 0.2900 0.0886












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 2.4527 1.2335 4.8772

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.5763 0.4139 0.8023




Page | 90








(Odds Ratio) Logit 4.2562 1.6075 11.2687


(Col1 Risk) Logit 2.4527 1.2335 4.8772


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.5763 0.4139 0.8023


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct





37.50

55.38

83.72

29

30.21

44.62

54.72

65

67.71

No history of Atopic Dermatitis 7

7.29

22.58

16.28

24

25.00

77.42

45.28

31

32.29

Page | 91

Total 43

44.79

53

55.21

96

100.00




Chi-Square 1 9.1339 0.0025






Cramer's V 0.3085

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.6195 0.1531


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2869 0.0878

Somers' D C|R 0.3280 0.0972

Somers' D R|C 0.2900 0.0886




Page | 92

Statistic Value ASE









Cohort (Col1 Risk) 2.4527 1.2335 4.8772

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.5763 0.4139 0.8023











(Odds Ratio) Logit 4.2562 1.6075 11.2687


(Col1 Risk) Logit 2.4527 1.2335 4.8772


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.5763 0.4139 0.8023

Page | 93


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct



Food Allergy

Possible Food

Allergy

Total


53.73

63.16

83.72

21

31.34

36.84

87.50

57

85.07


7

10.45

70.00

16.28

3

4.48

30.00

12.50

10

14.93

Total 43

64.18

24

35.82

67

100.00




Chi-Square 1 0.1732 0.6772






Cramer's V -0.0508

Page | 94


WARNING: 25% of the cells have expected counts less than 5. Chi-Square may not be a valid test.

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma -0.1529 0.3627


Stuart's Tau-c -0.0348 0.0809

Somers' D C|R -0.0684 0.1584

Somers' D R|C -0.0378 0.0879












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 0.9023 0.5744 1.4173

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 1.2281 0.4491 3.3581

Page | 95











(Odds Ratio) Logit 0.7347 0.1714 3.1498


(Col1 Risk) Logit 0.9023 0.5744 1.4173


(Col2 Risk) Logit 1.2281 0.4491 3.3581


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxAsthmaClean by Disease

DxAsthmaClean Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

No Disease

Possible Food

Allergy

Total

* We next look at the variable, DxAsthmaClean.*;

* There was no overall significant difference in the variable DxAsthmaClean (p

= 0.5).*;

Page | 96

History of asthma 31

25.20

36.05

75.61

38

30.89

44.19

66.67

17

13.82

19.77

68.00

86

69.92

No history of asthma

10

8.13

27.03

24.39

19

15.45

51.35

33.33

8

6.50

21.62

32.00

37

30.08

Total 41

33.33

57

46.34

25

20.33

123

100.00


Statistics for Table of DxAsthmaClean by Disease


Chi-Square 2 0.9617 0.6182





Cramer's V 0.0884

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1331 0.1606


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0709 0.0864

Somers' D C|R 0.0842 0.1025

Somers' D R|C 0.0560 0.0683



Page | 97

Statistic Value ASE








Summary Statistics for DxAsthmaClean by Disease







The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxARClean by Disease

DxARClean Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

No Disease

Possible Food

Allergy

Total

History of allergic rhinitis

23

21.30

23

21.30

8

7.41

54

50.00

* We next look at the variable, DxARClean.*;

* There was no overall significant difference in the variable DxARClean (p =

0.1).*;

Page | 98

42.59

60.53

42.59

43.40

14.81

47.06

No history of allergic rhinitis

15

13.89

27.78

39.47

30

27.78

55.56

56.60

9

8.33

16.67

52.94

54

50.00

Total 38

35.19

53

49.07

17

15.74

108

100.00


Statistics for Table of DxARClean by Disease


Chi-Square 2 2.6676 0.2635





Cramer's V 0.1572

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.2206 0.1596


Stuart's Tau-c 0.1368 0.1008

Somers' D C|R 0.1368 0.1008

Somers' D R|C 0.1120 0.0826





Page | 99

Statistic Value ASE







Summary Statistics for DxARClean by Disease








The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of FA_Severe_Clean by Disease

FA_Severe_Clean Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

Possible Food

Allergy

Total


29

45.31

16

25.00

45

70.31

* We next look at the variable, FA_Severe_Clean.*;

* There was no overall significant difference in the variable FA_Severe_Clean

(p = 0.6).*;

Page | 100

64.44

72.50

35.56

66.67


11

17.19

57.89

27.50

8

12.50

42.11

33.33

19

29.69

Total 40

62.50

24

37.50

64

100.00


Statistics for Table of FA_Severe_Clean by Disease


Chi-Square 1 0.2445 0.6210






Cramer's V 0.0618

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1373 0.2744

Page | 101

Statistic Value ASE


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0547 0.1119

Somers' D C|R 0.0655 0.1339

Somers' D R|C 0.0583 0.1193












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.1131 0.7165 1.7294

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.8444 0.4374 1.6303



Summary Statistics for FA_Severe_Clean by Disease





Page | 102







(Odds Ratio) Logit 1.3182 0.4404 3.9456


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.1131 0.7165 1.7294


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.8444 0.4374 1.6303



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of LTR_FoodCleanFinal by Disease

LTR_FoodCleanFinal Disease(Disease)

Food Allergy

Possible Food

Allergy

Total

History of Life Threatening Reaction to Food

23

32.39

79.31

6

8.45

20.69

29

40.85

* We next look at the variable, LTR_FoodCleanFinal.*;

* There was an overall significant difference in the variable

LTR_FoodCleanFinal (MH Chi Square p = 0.0.01) PR 1.6 (1.1, 2.3).*;

Page | 103

52.27

22.22

No History of Life Threatening Reaction to Food

21

29.58

50.00

47.73

21

29.58

50.00

77.78

42

59.15

Total 44

61.97

27

38.03

71

100.00


Statistics for Table of LTR_FoodCleanFinal by Disease


Chi-Square 1 6.2536 0.0124






Cramer's V 0.2968

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.5862 0.1814


Page | 104

Statistic Value ASE

Stuart's Tau-c 0.2833 0.1049

Somers' D C|R 0.2931 0.1078

Somers' D R|C 0.3005 0.1099












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.5862 1.1122 2.2622

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.4138 0.1908 0.8974


Summary Statistics for LTR_FoodCleanFinal by Disease








Page | 105




(Odds Ratio) Logit 3.8333 1.2977 11.3230


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.5862 1.1122 2.2622


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.4138 0.1908 0.8974


The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DiseaseFinal=1

Exposure1 Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

1 27 60.00 27 60.00

2 18 40.00 45 100.00

Binomial Proportion for Exposure1 = 1

Proportion (P) 0.6000

ASE 0.0730

*After the above analysis, and due to the fact that those with possible food

allergy did not appear to significantly

affect the association between antacid medication and prevalence of food

allergy, I decided to exclude the Possible

Food Allergy group from analysis to improve the ease of analysis and clarity

of results.*;

*Univariate analysis of FAR13 dataset using only those with food allergy

defined as consistent history and Ige

(Disease = 2) and those without disease (Disease = 0)*;

*We will now define the populations (Those who were exposed to antacid

medication, and those who had food allergy). Beginning with those who were

exposed to antacid medication.*;

*Starting with DiseaseFinal.*;

Page | 106

Type 95% Confidence Limits

Wald 0.4569 0.7431

Wilson 0.4545 0.7298

Agresti-Coull 0.4543 0.7300

Jeffreys 0.4543 0.7333

Clopper-Pearson (Exact) 0.4433 0.7430

Test of H0: Proportion = 0.5

ASE under H0 0.0745

Z 1.3416

One-sided Pr > Z 0.0899

Two-sided Pr > |Z| 0.1797

Exact Test

One-sided Pr >= P 0.1163

Two-sided = 2 * One-sided 0.2327

Sample Size = 45

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DiseaseFinal=0


Cumulative Percent

1 20 33.90 20 33.90

2 39 66.10 59 100.00



ASE 0.0616


Wald 0.2182 0.4598

* We will start with the variable, Disease.*;

Page | 107


Wilson 0.2314 0.4663


Jeffreys 0.2282 0.4652



ASE under H0 0.0651

Z -2.4736

One-sided Pr < Z 0.0067


Exact Test

One-sided Pr <= P 0.0092


Sample Size = 59

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DiseaseFinal=1


Cumulative Percent

1 27 60.00 27 60.00

2 18 40.00 45 100.00



ASE 0.0730


Wald 0.4569 0.7431

Page | 108


Wilson 0.4545 0.7298


Jeffreys 0.4543 0.7333



ASE under H0 0.0745

Z 1.3416



Exact Test



Sample Size = 45

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

AgeGroup=0


Cumulative Percent

1 23 40.35 23 40.35

2 34 59.65 57 100.00



ASE 0.0650


* Next variable, AgeGroup.*;

Page | 109


Wald 0.2761 0.5309

Wilson 0.2862 0.5330


Jeffreys 0.2835 0.5330



ASE under H0 0.0662

Z -1.4570



Exact Test



Sample Size = 57

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

AgeGroup=1


Cumulative Percent

1 22 55.00 22 55.00

2 18 45.00 40 100.00



ASE 0.0787


Wald 0.3958 0.7042

Page | 110


Wilson 0.3983 0.6929


Jeffreys 0.3969 0.6962



ASE under H0 0.0791

Z 0.6325



Exact Test



Sample Size = 40

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

AgeGroup=2


Cumulative Percent

1 9 26.47 9 26.47

2 25 73.53 34 100.00



ASE 0.0757


Wald 0.1164 0.4130

Wilson 0.1460 0.4312

Page | 111



Jeffreys 0.1398 0.4278



ASE under H0 0.0857

Z -2.7440



Exact Test



Sample Size = 34

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Gender=0


Cumulative Percent

1 18 46.15 18 46.15

2 21 53.85 39 100.00



ASE 0.0798


Wald 0.3051 0.6180

* Next variable, Gender.*;

Page | 112


Wilson 0.3157 0.6143


Jeffreys 0.3125 0.6160



ASE under H0 0.0801

Z -0.4804



Exact Test



Sample Size = 39

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Gender=1


Cumulative Percent

1 36 39.13 36 39.13

2 56 60.87 92 100.00



ASE 0.0509


Wald 0.2916 0.4910

Wilson 0.2979 0.4935

Page | 113



Jeffreys 0.2962 0.4931



ASE under H0 0.0521

Z -2.0851



Exact Test



Sample Size = 92

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxADClean=0


Cumulative Percent

1 17 50.00 17 50.00

2 17 50.00 34 100.00



ASE 0.0857


Wald 0.3319 0.6681

Wilson 0.3407 0.6593

* Next variable, ADClean.*;

Page | 114



Jeffreys 0.3377 0.6623



ASE under H0 0.0857

Z 0.0000



Exact Test



Sample Size = 34

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxADClean=1


Cumulative Percent

1 35 40.70 35 40.70

2 51 59.30 86 100.00



ASE 0.0530


Wald 0.3031 0.5108

Wilson 0.3093 0.5126


Page | 115


Jeffreys 0.3076 0.5125



ASE under H0 0.0539

Z -1.7253



Exact Test



Sample Size = 86

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthmaClean=.


Cumulative Percent

1 1 12.50 1 12.50

2 7 87.50 8 100.00



ASE 0.1169


Wald 0.0000 0.3542

Wilson 0.0224 0.4709

* Next variable, AsthmaClean.*;

Page | 116



Jeffreys 0.0138 0.4537



ASE under H0 0.1768

Z -2.1213



Exact Test



Sample Size = 8

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthmaClean=0


Cumulative Percent

1 16 43.24 16 43.24

2 21 56.76 37 100.00



ASE 0.0814


Wald 0.2728 0.5921

Wilson 0.2867 0.5909


Page | 117


Jeffreys 0.2829 0.5921



ASE under H0 0.0822

Z -0.8220



Exact Test



Sample Size = 37

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthmaClean=1


Cumulative Percent

1 37 43.02 37 43.02

2 49 56.98 86 100.00



ASE 0.0534


Wald 0.3256 0.5349

Wilson 0.3308 0.5356


Jeffreys 0.3293 0.5357

Page | 118




ASE under H0 0.0539

Z -1.2940



Exact Test



Sample Size = 86

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean=.


Cumulative Percent

1 8 34.78 8 34.78

2 15 65.22 23 100.00



ASE 0.0993


Wald 0.1532 0.5425

Wilson 0.1881 0.5511


Jeffreys 0.1802 0.5511


* Next variable, ARClean.*;

Page | 119


ASE under H0 0.1043

Z -1.4596



Exact Test



Sample Size = 23

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean=0


Cumulative Percent

1 23 42.59 23 42.59

2 31 57.41 54 100.00



ASE 0.0673


Wald 0.2940 0.5578

Wilson 0.3033 0.5584


Jeffreys 0.3007 0.5588



Page | 120


ASE under H0 0.0680

Z -1.0887



Exact Test



Sample Size = 54

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean=1


Cumulative Percent

1 23 42.59 23 42.59

2 31 57.41 54 100.00



ASE 0.0673


Wald 0.2940 0.5578

Wilson 0.3033 0.5584


Jeffreys 0.3007 0.5588



ASE under H0 0.0680

Page | 121


Z -1.0887



Exact Test



Sample Size = 54

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Exposure=0

Disease3 Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative Percent

1 18 31.58 18 31.58

2 39 68.42 57 100.00


Binomial Proportion for Disease3 = 1


ASE 0.0616


Wald 0.1951 0.4365

Wilson 0.2100 0.4448


Jeffreys 0.2065 0.4433


*Now we will look at the population with food allergy. We will Recode Disease

in order to get 95% confidence intervals for those who were exposed.*;

Page | 122


ASE under H0 0.0662

Z -2.7815



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Exposure=1


Cumulative Percent

1 27 57.45 27 57.45

2 20 42.55 47 100.00




ASE 0.0721


Wald 0.4331 0.7158

Wilson 0.4328 0.7049


Jeffreys 0.4322 0.7079


Page | 123


ASE under H0 0.0729

Z 1.0211



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

AgeGroup=0


Cumulative Percent

1 25 56.82 25 56.82

2 19 43.18 44 100.00




ASE 0.0747


Wald 0.4218 0.7145

Wilson 0.4222 0.7032


Jeffreys 0.4214 0.7063


*Now we will look at the variable AgeGroup.*;

Page | 124


ASE under H0 0.0754

Z 0.9045



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

AgeGroup=1


Cumulative Percent

1 12 35.29 12 35.29

2 22 64.71 34 100.00




ASE 0.0820


Wald 0.1923 0.5136

Wilson 0.2149 0.5209


Jeffreys 0.2095 0.5203


Page | 125


ASE under H0 0.0857

Z -1.7150



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

AgeGroup=2


Cumulative Percent

1 8 30.77 8 30.77

2 18 69.23 26 100.00




ASE 0.0905


Wald 0.1303 0.4851

Wilson 0.1650 0.4999


Jeffreys 0.1575 0.4980


Page | 126


ASE under H0 0.0981

Z -1.9612



Exact Test




WARNING: 24% of the data are missing

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Gender=0


Cumulative Percent

1 15 46.88 15 46.88

2 17 53.13 32 100.00




ASE 0.0882


Wald 0.2959 0.6416

Wilson 0.3087 0.6355


Jeffreys 0.3048 0.6380


*Now we will look at the variable Gender.*;

Page | 127


ASE under H0 0.0884

Z -0.3536



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Gender=1


Cumulative Percent

1 30 41.67 30 41.67

2 42 58.33 72 100.00




ASE 0.0581


Wald 0.3028 0.5305

Wilson 0.3099 0.5319


Jeffreys 0.3079 0.5320

Page | 128




ASE under H0 0.0589

Z -1.4142



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxADClean=.


Cumulative Percent

1 2 25.00 2 25.00

2 6 75.00 8 100.00




ASE 0.1531


Wald 0.0000 0.5501

Wilson 0.0715 0.5907

*Now we will look at the variable Gender.*;

Page | 129



Jeffreys 0.0560 0.5916



ASE under H0 0.1768

Z -1.4142



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxADClean=0


Cumulative Percent

1 7 22.58 7 22.58

2 24 77.42 31 100.00




ASE 0.0751


Wald 0.0786 0.3730

Page | 130


Wilson 0.1140 0.3981


Jeffreys 0.1071 0.3930



ASE under H0 0.0898

Z -3.0533



Exact Test




The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxADClean=1


Cumulative Percent

1 36 55.38 36 55.38

2 29 44.62 65 100.00




ASE 0.0617


Page | 131


Wald 0.4330 0.6747

Wilson 0.4334 0.6683


Jeffreys 0.4329 0.6702



ASE under H0 0.0620

Z 0.8682



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthmaClean=0


Cumulative Percent

1 10 34.48 10 34.48

2 19 65.52 29 100.00




ASE 0.0883

*Now we will look at the variable DxAsthmaClean.*;

Page | 132


Wald 0.1718 0.5178

Wilson 0.1994 0.5265


Jeffreys 0.1930 0.5259



ASE under H0 0.0928

Z -1.6713



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxAsthmaClean=1


Cumulative Percent

1 31 44.93 31 44.93

2 38 55.07 69 100.00




ASE 0.0599

Page | 133


Wald 0.3319 0.5666

Wilson 0.3377 0.5662


Jeffreys 0.3360 0.5667



ASE under H0 0.0602

Z -0.8427



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean=.


Cumulative Percent

1 7 53.85 7 53.85

2 6 46.15 13 100.00




ASE 0.1383

*Now we will look at the variable DxARClean.*;

Page | 134


Wald 0.2675 0.8095

Wilson 0.2914 0.7679


Jeffreys 0.2829 0.7789



ASE under H0 0.1387

Z 0.2774



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean=0


Cumulative Percent

1 15 33.33 15 33.33

2 30 66.67 45 100.00




ASE 0.0703

Page | 135


Wald 0.1956 0.4711

Wilson 0.2136 0.4793


Jeffreys 0.2093 0.4780



ASE under H0 0.0745

Z -2.2361



Exact Test





The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

DxARClean=1


Cumulative Percent

1 23 50.00 23 50.00

2 23 50.00 46 100.00




ASE 0.0737

Page | 136


Wald 0.3555 0.6445

Wilson 0.3612 0.6388


Jeffreys 0.3592 0.6408



ASE under H0 0.0737

Z 0.0000



Exact Test





The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: Age (Age)

DiseaseFinal N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum

0 59 7.7232 4.4089 0.5740 0.4200 18.0000

1 45 5.8989 3.8953 0.5807 1.0000 16.8300

Diff (1-2) 1.8243 4.1951 0.8303

DiseaseFinal Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev

0 7.7232 6.5742 8.8722 4.4089 3.7323 5.3875

1 5.8989 4.7286 7.0692 3.8953 3.2247 4.9205

*Univariate analysis of continuous variables between those with food allergy

and those with no food allergy.*;

Page | 137

DiseaseFinal Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev

Diff (1-2) Pooled 1.8243 0.1775 3.4712 4.1951 3.6899 4.8617

Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite 1.8243 0.2044 3.4443


Pooled Equal 102 2.20 0.0303




Folded F 58 44 1.28 0.3937

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of Exposure1 by DiseaseFinal

Exposure1 DiseaseFinal

Food Allergy

No Food Allergy

Total


27

25.96

57.45

60.00

20

19.23

42.55

33.90

47

45.19


18

17.31

31.58

40.00

39

37.50

68.42

66.10

57

54.81

**Univariate analysis of dichotomous variables between those with and without

food allergy*;

*Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 6.9545 0.0084

Unadjusted Case-Control (Prevalence Ratio) 1..8 (1.5, 2.9)*

This represents significant difference*;

Page | 138

Total 45

43.27

59

56.73

104

100.00


Statistics for Table of Exposure1 by DiseaseFinal


Chi-Square 1 7.0220 0.0081






Cramer's V 0.2598

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.4904 0.1558


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2563 0.0941

Somers' D C|R 0.2587 0.0948

Somers' D R|C 0.2610 0.0956



Page | 139

Statistic Value ASE










Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.8191 1.1547 2.8658

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.6219 0.4270 0.9059



Summary Statistics for Exposure1 by DiseaseFinal









(Odds Ratio) Logit 2.9250 1.3092 6.5352


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.8191 1.1547 2.8658


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.6219 0.4270 0.9059

Page | 140



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of Gender by DiseaseFinal

Gender(Gender) DiseaseFinal

Food Allergy No Food Allergy Total

Female 15

14.42

46.88

33.33

17

16.35

53.13

28.81

32

30.77

Male 30

28.85

41.67

66.67

42

40.38

58.33

71.19

72

69.23

Total 45

43.27

59

56.73

104

100.00


Statistics for Table of Gender by DiseaseFinal


Chi-Square 1 0.2448 0.6207




*Examining the variable, Gender *;

*Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 0.2425 0.6224 Prevalence Ratio 1.1250 0.7109

1.7804*;

Page | 141




Cramer's V 0.0485

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1053 0.2113


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0444 0.0901

Somers' D C|R 0.0521 0.1056

Somers' D R|C 0.0452 0.0917












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.1250 0.7109 1.7804

Page | 142



Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.9107 0.6231 1.3311



Summary Statistics for Gender by DiseaseFinal









(Odds Ratio) Logit 1.2353 0.5346 2.8545


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.1250 0.7109 1.7804


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.9107 0.6231 1.3311



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

*Examining the variable, AgeGroup;

*There was a significant difference in AgeGroupm byt this was largely between

those 5 and younger and those older than 5. So we will reclassify the

variable <5 and > 5 (Ages) and use this in further analysis.

Page | 143

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of AgeGroup by DiseaseFinal

AgeGroup DiseaseFinal


> 5 to <= 10 years of age 12

11.54

35.29

26.67

22

21.15

64.71

37.29

34

32.69

0 to <= 5 years of age 25

24.04

56.82

55.56

19

18.27

43.18

32.20

44

42.31

> 10 years of age 8

7.69

30.77

17.78

18

17.31

69.23

30.51

26

25.00

Total 45

43.27

59

56.73

104

100.00


Statistics for Table of AgeGroup by DiseaseFinal


Chi-Square 2 5.8265 0.0543





Cramer's V 0.2367

Statistic Value ASE

Page | 144

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.0090 0.1588


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0059 0.1041

Somers' D C|R 0.0045 0.0798

Somers' D R|C 0.0060 0.1060











Summary Statistics for AgeGroup by DiseaseFinal







Page | 145


Page | 146

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct





15.38

35.29

32.43

22

28.21

64.71

53.66

34

43.59


32.05

56.82

67.57

19

24.36

43.18

46.34

44

56.41

Total 37

47.44

41

52.56

78

100.00




Chi-Square 1 3.5636 0.0591






Cramer's V -0.2137

Page | 147

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma -0.4139 0.1950


Stuart's Tau-c -0.2117 0.1092

Somers' D C|R -0.2152 0.1109

Somers' D R|C -0.2123 0.1095












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 0.6212 0.3682 1.0479

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 1.4985 0.9844 2.2809


Page | 148











(Odds Ratio) Logit 0.4145 0.1648 1.0426


(Col1 Risk) Logit 0.6212 0.3682 1.0479


(Col2 Risk) Logit 1.4985 0.9844 2.2809



Page | 149

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct





35.71

56.82

75.76

19

27.14

43.18

51.35

44

62.86

> 10 years of age 8

11.43

30.77

24.24

18

25.71

69.23

48.65

26

37.14

Total 33

47.14

37

52.86

70

100.00




Chi-Square 1 4.4503 0.0349






Cramer's V 0.2521

Page | 150

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.4950 0.1973


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2433 0.1107

Somers' D C|R 0.2605 0.1173

Somers' D R|C 0.2441 0.1110












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.8466 0.9820 3.4724

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.6237 0.4078 0.9540


Page | 151











(Odds Ratio) Logit 2.9605 1.0628 8.2465


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.8466 0.9820 3.4724


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.6237 0.4078 0.9540



Page | 152

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct





20.00

35.29

60.00

22

36.67

64.71

55.00

34

56.67

> 10 years of age 8

13.33

30.77

40.00

18

30.00

69.23

45.00

26

43.33

Total 20

33.33

40

66.67

60

100.00




Chi-Square 1 0.1357 0.7125






Cramer's V 0.0476

Page | 153

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.1020 0.2752


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0444 0.1199

Somers' D C|R 0.0452 0.1221

Somers' D R|C 0.0500 0.1349












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.1471 0.5503 2.3911

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.9346 0.6542 1.3353


Page | 154











(Odds Ratio) Logit 1.2273 0.4126 3.6506


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.1471 0.5503 2.3911


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.9346 0.6542 1.3353



Page | 155

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of Ages by DiseaseFinal

Ages DiseaseFinal


0 25

24.04

56.82

55.56

19

18.27

43.18

32.20

44

42.31

1 20

19.23

33.33

44.44

40

38.46

66.67

67.80

60

57.69

Total 45

43.27

59

56.73

104

100.00


Statistics for Table of Ages by DiseaseFinal


Chi-Square 1 5.7036 0.0169






Cramer's V 0.2342

Page | 156

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.4493 0.1634


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2293 0.0943

Somers' D C|R 0.2348 0.0963

Somers' D R|C 0.2335 0.0959












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.7045 1.0968 2.6491

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.6477 0.4415 0.9503


Page | 157


Summary Statistics for Ages by DiseaseFinal









(Odds Ratio) Logit 2.6316 1.1795 5.8711


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.7045 1.0968 2.6491


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.6477 0.4415 0.9503



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of FamHxAtopyFinal by Disease3

FamHxAtopyFinal Disease3

Food Allergy

No Food Allergy

Total

Family History of Atopy 38 44 82

*Examining the variable, FamHxAtopyFinal.*;

*We found no significant difference.*;

Page | 158

37.62

46.34

88.37

43.56

53.66

75.86

81.19

No Family History of Atopy

5

4.95

26.32

11.63

14

13.86

73.68

24.14

19

18.81

Total 43

42.57

58

57.43

101

100.00


Statistics for Table of FamHxAtopyFinal by Disease3


Chi-Square 1 2.5303 0.1117






Cramer's V 0.1583

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Page | 159

Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.4149 0.2343


Stuart's Tau-c 0.1223 0.0729

Somers' D C|R 0.2003 0.1151

Somers' D R|C 0.1251 0.0745












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.7610 0.8011 3.8709

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.7282 0.5206 1.0187



Summary Statistics for FamHxAtopyFinal by Disease3







Page | 160



(Odds Ratio) Logit 2.4182 0.7973 7.3343


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.7610 0.8011 3.8709


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.7282 0.5206 1.0187



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxADClean by Disease3

DxADClean Disease3

Food Allergy

No Food Allergy

Total


37.50

55.38

83.72

29

30.21

44.62

54.72

65

67.71


7

7.29

22.58

16.28

24

25.00

77.42

45.28

31

32.29

Total 43

44.79

53

55.21

96

100.00

*Examining the variable, DxADClean.*;

*We found a significant difference between those who had food allergy and

those who did not.*;

*Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square 1 9.0387 0.0026*;

*Prevalence Ratio: 2.5 (1.2, 4.87

Page | 161


Statistics for Table of DxADClean by Disease3


Chi-Square 1 9.1339 0.0025






Cramer's V 0.3085

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.6195 0.1531


Stuart's Tau-c 0.2869 0.0878

Somers' D C|R 0.3280 0.0972

Somers' D R|C 0.2900 0.0886






Page | 162

Statistic Value ASE







Cohort (Col1 Risk) 2.4527 1.2335 4.8772

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.5763 0.4139 0.8023


WARNING: 27% of the data are missing. Summary Statistics for DxADClean by Disease3









(Odds Ratio) Logit 4.2562 1.6075 11.2687


(Col1 Risk) Logit 2.4527 1.2335 4.8772


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.5763 0.4139 0.8023



*Examining the variable, DxAsthmaClean.*;

*We found no significant difference between those who had food allergy and


Page | 163

The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxAsthmaClean by Disease3

DxAsthmaClean Disease3


History of asthma 31

31.63

44.93

75.61

38

38.78

55.07

66.67

69

70.41

No history of asthma 10

10.20

34.48

24.39

19

19.39

65.52

33.33

29

29.59

Total 41

41.84

57

58.16

98

100.00


Statistics for Table of DxAsthmaClean by Disease3


Chi-Square 1 0.9154 0.3387






Cramer's V 0.0966

Page | 164

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.2157 0.2191


Stuart's Tau-c 0.0870 0.0892

Somers' D C|R 0.1044 0.1067

Somers' D R|C 0.0894 0.0916












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.3029 0.7401 2.2938

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.8406 0.5987 1.1802


WARNING: 25% of the data are missing. Summary Statistics for DxAsthmaClean by Disease3

Page | 165









(Odds Ratio) Logit 1.5500 0.6297 3.8152


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.3029 0.7401 2.2938


(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.8406 0.5987 1.1802



The SAS System

The FREQ Procedure

Frequency

Percent

Row Pct

Col Pct

Table of DxARClean by Disease3

DxARClean Disease3

Food Allergy

No Food Allergy

Total

History of allergic rhinitis 23

25.27

50.00

60.53

23

25.27

50.00

43.40

46

50.55

No history of allergic rhinitis

15 30 45

*Examining the variable, DxARClean.*;

*We found no significant difference between those who had food allergy and


Page | 166

16.48

33.33

39.47

32.97

66.67

56.60

49.45

Total 38

41.76

53

58.24

91

100.00


Statistics for Table of DxARClean by Disease3


Chi-Square 1 2.5981 0.1070






Cramer's V 0.1690

Fisher's Exact Test






Statistic Value ASE

Gamma 0.3333 0.1922


Stuart's Tau-c 0.1666 0.1018

Somers' D C|R 0.1667 0.1018

Somers' D R|C 0.1713 0.1045

Page | 167

Statistic Value ASE












Cohort (Col1 Risk) 1.5000 0.9060 2.4835

Cohort (Col2 Risk) 0.7500 0.5258 1.0699



Summary Statistics for DxARClean by Disease3









(Odds Ratio) Logit 2.0000 0.8570 4.6674


(Col1 Risk) Logit 1.5000 0.9060 2.4835

Page | 168




(Col2 Risk) Logit 0.7500 0.5258 1.0699



The SAS System

The GENMOD Procedure

Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15

Distribution Binomial

Link Function Log

Dependent Variable DiseaseFinal

Number of Observations Read 131

Number of Observations Used 104

Number of Events 45

Number of Trials 104

Missing Values 27

Class Level Information

Class Value Design Variables

Exposure 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

*We will to need run a regression analysis, and will use proc gen mod. We

will begin by using a basic, unadjusted model to compare to the unadjusted

prevalence ratio we previously calculated.*;

Page | 169

Ordered Value

DiseaseFinal Total Frequency

1 1 45

2 0 59

PROC GENMOD is modeling the probability that DiseaseFinal='1'.

Parameter Information

Parameter Effect Exposure

Prm1 Intercept

Prm2 Exposure 1

Criteria For Assessing Goodness Of Fit

Criterion DF Value Value/DF

Log Likelihood -67.6030

Full Log Likelihood -67.6030

AIC (smaller is better) 139.2060

AICC (smaller is better) 139.3249

BIC (smaller is better) 144.4948

Algorithm converged.

Analysis Of Maximum Likelihood Parameter Estimates

Parameter DF Estimate Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence Limits

Wald Chi-Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -1.1527 0.1950 -1.5348 -0.7706 34.95 <.0001

Exposure 1 1 0.5984 0.2319 0.1439 1.0529 6.66 0.0099

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Note: The scale parameter was held fixed.

Contrast Estimate Results

Label Mean Estima

te

Mean L'Beta Estima

te

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiS

q Confidence

Limits Confidence

Limits

Page | 170


Label Mean Estima

te

Mean L'Beta Estima

te

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiS

q Confidence

Limits Confidence

Limits

Exposure 1.8191 1.1547

2.8658

0.5984 0.2319 0.05 0.1439

1.0529

6.66 0.0099

Exp(Exposure)

1.8191 0.4218 0.05 1.1547

2.8658

The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

*We run a regression model with all variables and interaction terms to

evaluate for confounding and interaction. We will use backwards elimination

starting with interaction terms.*;

*After running the model (see below) we will remove Exposure*ADClean from the

next model p = 0.9422.

Page | 171



1 0

Gender 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

2 0 47









WARNING: The relative Hessian convergence criterion of 0.5221076385 is greater than the limit of 0.0001. The convergence is questionable.

Page | 172


Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiS

q

Intercept 1 -3.0788 1.4819 -5.9834

-0.1743

4.32 0.0377

Exposure 1 1 2.3640 1.5162 -0.6078

5.3357 2.43 0.1190

Ages 0 1 0.2241 0.2320 -0.2306

0.6788 0.93 0.3341

Gender 0 1 -0.0196 0.2111 -0.4333

0.3942 0.01 0.9262

FamHxAtopy 1 1 2.2463 1.4489 -0.5935

5.0861 2.40 0.1211

DxADClean 1 1 0.2429 0.2247 -0.1974

0.6833 1.17 0.2796

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0207 0.2439 -0.4574

0.4988 0.01 0.9324

DxARClean 1 1 0.2077 0.2395 -0.2617

0.6771 0.75 0.3858

Exposure*Gender 1 0 1 -0.0271 0.2731 -0.5623

0.5082 0.01 0.9211

Exposure*Ages 1 0 1 -0.0568 0.3834 -0.8082

0.6946 0.02 0.8822

Exposure*FamHxAtopy

1 1 1 -2.0581 1.4707 -4.9405

0.8244 1.96 0.1617

Exposure*DxADClean 1 1 1 -0.0245 0.3383 -0.6876

0.6386 0.01 0.9422

Exposure*DxAsthmaCle

1 1 1 0.1098 0.3403 -0.5571

0.7767 0.10 0.7469

Exposure*DxARClean 1 1 1 -0.1972 0.3140 -0.8126

0.4181 0.39 0.5299

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000


Page | 173

The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

Gender 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

*After running the new model (see below) we will remove Exposure*Gender from

the next model p = 0.9281.

Page | 174



DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

2 0 47











Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiS

q

Intercept 1 -3.0620 1.4783 -5.9594

-0.1645

4.29 0.0383

Exposure 1 1 2.3448 1.5005 -0.5961

5.2858 2.44 0.1181

Ages 0 1 0.2208 0.2240 -0.2183

0.6599 0.97 0.3244

Page | 175


Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiS

q

Gender 0 1 -0.0225 0.2109 -0.4357

0.3908 0.01 0.9151

FamHxAtopy 1 1 2.2551 1.4535 -0.5936

5.1039 2.41 0.1208

DxADClean 1 1 0.2175 0.1654 -0.1066

0.5417 1.73 0.1884

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0159 0.2431 -0.4606

0.4923 0.00 0.9480

DxARClean 1 1 0.2125 0.2350 -0.2480

0.6731 0.82 0.3658

Exposure*Gender 1 0 1 -0.0247 0.2735 -0.5607

0.5113 0.01 0.9281

Exposure*Ages 1 0 1 -0.0524 0.3389 -0.7166

0.6119 0.02 0.8772

Exposure*FamHxAtopy

1 1 1 -2.0656 1.4749 -4.9564

0.8252 1.96 0.1614


1 1 1 0.1171 0.3396 -0.5486

0.7827 0.12 0.7303


0.4054 0.43 0.5119

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000


The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


*After running the new model (see below) we will remove Exposure*Ages from the

next model p = 0.8917.

Page | 176

Model Information

Link Function Log




Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

Gender 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

Page | 177

Response Profile

Ordered Value


2 0 47











Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiS

q

Intercept 1 -3.0575 1.4782 -5.9547

-0.1604

4.28 0.0386

Exposure 1 1 2.3341 1.4986 -0.6031

5.2713 2.43 0.1194

Ages 0 1 0.2161 0.2190 -0.2130

0.6453 0.97 0.3236

Gender 0 1 -0.0383 0.1343 -0.3014

0.2248 0.08 0.7755

FamHxAtopy 1 1 2.2598 1.4549 -0.5917

5.1113 2.41 0.1204

DxADClean 1 1 0.2201 0.1649 -0.1030

0.5433 1.78 0.1818

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0142 0.2402 - 0.4850 0.00 0.952

Page | 178


Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiS

q

0.4565 7

DxARClean 1 1 0.2076 0.2321 -0.2473

0.6626 0.80 0.3711

Exposure*Ages 1 0 1 -0.0454 0.3335 -0.6990

0.6082 0.02 0.8917

Exposure*FamHxAtopy

1 1 1 -2.0691 1.4762 -4.9624

0.8242 1.96 0.1610


1 1 1 0.1174 0.3370 -0.5430

0.7778 0.12 0.7276


0.4055 0.41 0.5212

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000


The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

*After running the new model (see below) we will remove Exposure*DxAsthmaClean

from the next model p = 0.6997.

Page | 179

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

Gender 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

2 0 47







Page | 180







Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiS

q

Intercept 1 -3.0204 1.4724 -5.9063

-0.1345

4.21 0.0402

Exposure 1 1 2.2926 1.4868 -0.6215

5.2066 2.38 0.1231

Ages 0 1 0.1812 0.1771 -0.1658

0.5282 1.05 0.3061

Gender 0 1 -0.0392 0.1341 -0.3020

0.2235 0.09 0.7698

FamHxAtopy 1 1 2.2530 1.4525 -0.5938

5.0998 2.41 0.1209

DxADClean 1 1 0.2168 0.1595 -0.0958

0.5293 1.85 0.1741

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0032 0.2351 -0.4576

0.4640 0.00 0.9891

DxARClean 1 1 0.2069 0.2203 -0.2249

0.6388 0.88 0.3476

Exposure*FamHxAtopy

1 1 1 -2.0656 1.4747 -4.9559

0.8248 1.96 0.1613


1 1 1 0.1284 0.3328 -0.5239

0.7806 0.15 0.6997


0.3565 0.48 0.4867

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Page | 181


The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

Gender 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

*After running the new model (see below) we will remove Exposure*DxARClean

from the next model p = 0.5374.

Page | 182



DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

2 0 47











Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -2.9190 1.4084 -5.6794

-0.1587

4.30 0.0382

Exposure 1 1 2.2568 1.4122 - 5.0246 2.55 0.110

Page | 183


Parameter DF

Estimate

Standard Error

Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

0.5111 0

Ages 0 1 0.1637 0.1489 -0.1281

0.4554 1.21 0.2716

Gender 0 1 -0.0262 0.1216 -0.2645

0.2121 0.05 0.8295

FamHxAtopy 1 1 2.2514 1.3973 -0.4872

4.9900 2.60 0.1071

DxADClean 1 1 0.1971 0.1319 -0.0614

0.4556 2.23 0.1350

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0741 0.1456 -0.2113

0.3596 0.26 0.6107

DxARClean 1 1 0.0627 0.1336 -0.1991

0.3246 0.22 0.6386

Exposure*FamHxAtopy

1 1 1 -2.0868 1.4171 -4.8642

0.6907 2.17 0.1409

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000


The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log


*After running the new model (see below) we will remove Exposure*FamHxAtopy

from the next model p = 0.1409.*;

*This section I will begin elimination of variables to determine the final

model. This will be the most parsimonious model*

*After running the code (See Below) we will remove Gender (p = 0.77)*;

Page | 184



Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

Gender 0 0

1 1

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

2 0 47



Page | 185

Parameter

Effect Exposure

Ages

Gender

FamHxAtopy

DxADClean

DxAsthmaClean

DxARClean

Prm1 Intercept

Prm2 Exposure 1

Prm3 Ages 0

Prm4 Gender 1

Prm5 FamHxAtopy

1

Prm6 DxADClean

1

Prm7 DxAsthmaClean

1

Prm8 DxARClean

1











Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -0.8695 0.2435 -1.3467 -0.3923 12.75 0.0004

Exposure 1 1 0.1713 0.1083 -0.0409 0.3835 2.50 0.1136

Ages 0 1 0.1448 0.1285 -0.1071 0.3966 1.27 0.2599

Gender 1 1 0.0244 0.1128 -0.1966 0.2455 0.05 0.8284

Page | 186



Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

FamHxAtopy 1 1 0.2245 0.1615 -0.0920 0.5410 1.93 0.1645

DxADClean 1 1 0.1787 0.1198 -0.0561 0.4135 2.22 0.1359

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0683 0.1278 -0.1823 0.3188 0.29 0.5932

DxARClean 1 1 0.0576 0.1186 -0.1750 0.2901 0.24 0.6275

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000



Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiSq

Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

Exposure 1.1869

0.9599

1.4674

0.1713

0.1083 0.05 -0.04

09

0.3835

2.50 0.1136

Exp(Exposure) 1.1869

0.1285 0.05 0.9599

1.4674

Ages 1.1558

0.8984

1.4868

0.1448

0.1285 0.05 -0.10

71

0.3966

1.27 0.2599

Exp(Ages) 1.1558

0.1485 0.05 0.8984

1.4868

Gender 1.0247

0.8215

1.2782

0.0244

0.1128 0.05 -0.19

66

0.2455

0.05 0.8284

Exp(Gender) 1.0247

0.1156 0.05 0.8215

1.2782

FamHxAtopy 1.2517

0.9121

1.7176

0.2245

0.1615 0.05 -0.09

20

0.5410

1.93 0.1645

Exp(FamHxAtopy)

1.2517

0.2021 0.05 0.9121

1.7176

Page | 187


Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiSq

Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

DxADClean 1.1957

0.9454

1.5122

0.1787

0.1198 0.05 -0.05

61

0.4135

2.22 0.1359

Exp(DxADClean)

1.1957

0.1433 0.05 0.9454

1.5122

DxAsthmaClean

1.0707

0.8334

1.3755

0.0683

0.1278 0.05 -0.18

23

0.3188

0.29 0.5932

Exp(DxAsthmaClean)

1.0707

0.1369 0.05 0.8334

1.3755

DxARClean 1.0593

0.8395

1.3366

0.0576

0.1186 0.05 -0.17

50

0.2901

0.24 0.6275

Exp(DxARClean)

1.0593

0.1257 0.05 0.8395

1.3366

The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 34

Number of Trials 81

*After running the code (See Below) we will remove Gender (p = 0.77) from the

next model.*;

Page | 188

Missing Values 50



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

DxARClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 34

2 0 47



Parameter

Effect Exposure

Ages

FamHxAtopy

DxADClean

DxAsthmaClean

DxARClean

Prm1 Intercept

Prm2 Exposure 1

Prm3 Ages 0

Prm4 FamHxAtop 1

Page | 189


Parameter

Effect Exposure

Ages

FamHxAtopy

DxADClean

DxAsthmaClean

DxARClean

y

Prm5 DxADClean 1

Prm6 DxAsthmaClean

1

Prm7 DxARClean 1











Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -1.0114 0.2723 -1.5450 -0.4778 13.80 0.0002

Exposure 1 1 0.2088 0.1252 -0.0366 0.4541 2.78 0.0954

Ages 0 1 0.1740 0.1497 -0.1193 0.4674 1.35 0.2449

FamHxAtopy 1 1 0.2537 0.1886 -0.1160 0.6235 1.81 0.1786

DxADClean 1 1 0.2285 0.1430 -0.0518 0.5088 2.55 0.1101

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.0747 0.1506 -0.2204 0.3698 0.25 0.6197

DxARClean 1 1 0.0716 0.1405 -0.2038 0.3470 0.26 0.6103

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000


Page | 190


Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiSq

Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

Exposure 1.2322

0.9641

1.5748

0.2088

0.1252 0.05 -0.03

66

0.4541

2.78 0.0954


0.1542 0.05 0.9641

1.5748

Ages 1.1901

0.8875

1.5959

0.1740

0.1497 0.05 -0.11

93

0.4674

1.35 0.2449

Exp(Ages) 1.1901

0.1781 0.05 0.8875

1.5959

FamHxAtopy 1.2888

0.8905

1.8654

0.2537

0.1886 0.05 -0.11

60

0.6235

1.81 0.1786

Exp(FamHxAtopy)

1.2888

0.2431 0.05 0.8905

1.8654

DxADClean 1.2567

0.9495

1.6633

0.2285

0.1430 0.05 -0.05

18

0.5088

2.55 0.1101

Exp(DxADClean)

1.2567

0.1797 0.05 0.9495

1.6633

DxAsthmaClean

1.0776

0.8022

1.4474

0.0747

0.1506 0.05 -0.22

04

0.3698

0.25 0.6197

Exp(DxAsthmaClean)

1.0776

0.1622 0.05 0.8022

1.4474

DxARClean 1.0742

0.8157

1.4148

0.0716

0.1405 0.05 -0.20

38

0.3470

0.26 0.6103

Exp(DxARClean)

1.0742

0.1509 0.05 0.8157

1.4148

Page | 191

The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 38

Number of Trials 88

Missing Values 43



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

DxAsthmaClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

*After running the code (See Below) we will remove DxARClean (p = 0.6275) from

the next model.*;

Page | 192

Ordered Value


1 1 38

2 0 50



Parameter

Effect Exposure

Ages

FamHxAtopy

DxADClean

DxAsthmaClean

Prm1 Intercept

Prm2 Exposure 1

Prm3 Ages 0

Prm4 FamHxAtopy 1

Prm5 DxADClean 1

Prm6 DxAsthmaClean

1











Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -1.6469 0.4280 -2.4857 -0.8080 14.81 0.0001

Exposure 1 1 0.3461 0.1894 -0.0251 0.7172 3.34 0.0676

Page | 193



Wald 95% Confidence

Limits

Wald Chi-

Square

Pr > ChiSq

Ages 0 1 0.3023 0.1939 -0.0778 0.6824 2.43 0.1190

FamHxAtopy 1 1 0.2658 0.2498 -0.2238 0.7553 1.13 0.2873

DxADClean 1 1 0.5098 0.2254 0.0681 0.9514 5.12 0.0237

DxAsthmaClean 1 1 0.2230 0.2149 -0.1982 0.6441 1.08 0.2994

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000



Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiSq

Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

Exposure 1.4135

0.9752

2.0488

0.3461

0.1894 0.05 -0.02

51

0.7172

3.34 0.0676


0.2677 0.05 0.9752

2.0488

Ages 1.3530

0.9252

1.9785

0.3023

0.1939 0.05 -0.07

78

0.6824

2.43 0.1190

Exp(Ages) 1.3530

0.2624 0.05 0.9252

1.9785

FamHxAtopy 1.3045

0.7995

2.1283

0.2658

0.2498 0.05 -0.22

38

0.7553

1.13 0.2873

Exp(FamHxAtopy)

1.3045

0.3258 0.05 0.7995

2.1283

DxADClean 1.6649

1.0704

2.5894

0.5098

0.2254 0.05 0.0681

0.9514

5.12 0.0237

Exp(DxADClean)

1.6649

0.3752 0.05 1.0704

2.5894

DxAsthmaClea 1.249 0.82 1.90 0.223 0.2149 0.05 - 0.64 1.08 0.29

Page | 194


Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiSq

Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

n 8 02 43 0 0.1982

41 94

Exp(DxAsthmaClean)

1.2498

0.2685 0.05 0.8202

1.9043

The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 42

Number of Trials 94

Missing Values 37



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

*After running the code (See Below) we will remove FamHxAtopy (p = 0.2974)

from the next model.*;

* MH Chi Square: 0.0127. Our adjusted Prevalence Ratio for Exposure is: 1.7

(1.1, 2.5)

Page | 195



FamHxAtopy 0 0

1 1

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 42

2 0 52



Parameter Effect Exposure Ages FamHxAtopy DxADClean

Prm1 Intercept

Prm2 Exposure 1

Prm3 Ages 0

Prm4 FamHxAtopy 1

Prm5 DxADClean 1









Page | 196




Wald Chi-Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -2.4070 0.4867 -3.3609 -1.4532 24.46 <.0001

Exposure 1 1 0.5113 0.2052 0.1090 0.9135 6.21 0.0127

Ages 0 1 0.4209 0.2001 0.0288 0.8130 4.43 0.0354

FamHxAtopy 1 1 0.3956 0.3797 -0.3486 1.1398 1.09 0.2974

DxADClean 1 1 1.0048 0.3684 0.2828 1.7268 7.44 0.0064

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000



Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiS

q Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

Exposure 1.6674 1.1152

2.4931

0.5113 0.2052 0.05 0.1090

0.9135

6.21 0.0127

Exp(Exposure)

1.6674 0.3422 0.05 1.1152

2.4931

Ages 1.5234 1.0293

2.2547

0.4209 0.2001 0.05 0.0288

0.8130

4.43 0.0354

Exp(Ages) 1.5234 0.3048 0.05 1.0293

2.2547

FamHxAtopy 1.4853 0.7057

3.1261

0.3956 0.3797 0.05 -0.348

6

1.1398

1.09 0.2974

Exp(FamHxAtopy)

1.4853 0.5639 0.05 0.7057

3.1261

DxADClean 2.7312 1.3268

5.6224

1.0048 0.3684 0.05 0.2828

1.7268

7.44 0.0064

Exp(DxADClean)

2.7312 1.0061 0.05 1.3268

5.6224

*This is the most parsimonious and best model*;

Page | 197

The SAS System


Model Information

Data Set WORK.FAR15


Link Function Log




Number of Events 43

Number of Trials 96

Missing Values 35



Exposure 0 0

1 1

Ages 0 1

1 0

DxADClean 0 0

1 1

Response Profile

Ordered Value


1 1 43

2 0 53



Page | 198

Parameter Effect Exposure Ages DxADClean

Prm1 Intercept

Prm2 Exposure 1

Prm3 Ages 0

Prm4 DxADClean 1












Wald Chi-Square

Pr > ChiSq

Intercept 1 -1.9584 0.3628 -2.6694 -1.2474 29.14 <.0001

Exposure 1 1 0.5228 0.2095 0.1121 0.9335 6.22 0.0126

Ages 0 1 0.4141 0.1978 0.0264 0.8018 4.38 0.0363

DxADClean 1 1 0.8713 0.3402 0.2044 1.5382 6.56 0.0104

Scale 0 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000



Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiS

q Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

Exposure 1.6867 1.1186

2.5433

0.5228 0.2095 0.05 0.1121

0.9335

6.22 0.0126

Page | 199


Label Mean Estim

ate

Mean L'Beta Estim

ate

Standard

Error

Alpha

L'Beta Chi-Squa

re

Pr > ChiS

q Confidence Limits

Confidence Limits

Exp(Exposure)

1.6867 0.3534 0.05 1.1186

2.5433

Ages 1.5130 1.0267

2.2295

0.4141 0.1978 0.05 0.0264

0.8018

4.38 0.0363

Exp(Ages) 1.5130 0.2993 0.05 1.0267

2.2295

DxADClean 2.3900 1.2268

4.6560

0.8713 0.3402 0.05 0.2044

1.5382

6.56 0.0104

Exp(DxADClean)

2.3900 0.8132 0.05 1.2268

4.6560

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 712 The TTEST Procedure Variable: Age (Age) Exposure N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum 0 18 5.6489 5.0947 1.2008 1.0000 16.8300 1 27 6.0656 2.9385 0.5655 2.0000 13.3400 Diff (1-2) -0.4167 3.9348 1.1973 Exposure Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev 0 5.6489 3.1154 8.1824 5.0947 3.8230 7.6376 1 6.0656 4.9031 7.2280 2.9385 2.3141 4.0270 Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.4167 -2.8313 1.9979 3.9348 3.2510 4.9855 Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite -0.4167 -3.1527 2.3193 Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t| Pooled Equal 43 -0.35 0.7295 Satterthwaite Unequal 24.586 -0.31 0.7562 Equality of Variances Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Folded F 17 26 3.01 0.0114

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: AgeFAYRLog

*Focusing on the subgroup that were food allergic, and looking for differences

in continuous variables.*;

Page | 200

Exposure N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum

0 18 0.2866 1.1291 0.2661 -1.7720 2.1972

1 27 0.4447 0.6864 0.1321 -0.6931 1.7918

Diff (1-2) -0.1581 0.8882 0.2703

Exposure Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev

0 0.2866 -0.2749 0.8481 1.1291 0.8473 1.6927

1 0.4447 0.1731 0.7162 0.6864 0.5406 0.9407

Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.1581 -0.7031 0.3870 0.8882 0.7338 1.1254



Pooled Equal 43 -0.58 0.5617




Folded F 17 26 2.71 0.0218

Page | 201

Page | 202

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: LengthFAYr (LengthFAYr)


0 16 3.9075 4.7770 1.1942 0.1300 15.3000

1 27 4.3274 2.9982 0.5770 0.8400 12.0000

Diff (1-2) -0.4199 3.7482 1.1825


0 3.9075 1.3620 6.4530 4.7770 3.5288 7.3933

1 4.3274 3.1414 5.5134 2.9982 2.3611 4.1088

Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.4199 -2.8081 1.9683 3.7482 3.0840 4.7796



Pooled Equal 41 -0.36 0.7243




Folded F 15 26 2.54 0.0360

Page | 203

Page | 204

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 715 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure EggAllergy Cumulative Cumulative EggAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 23 60.53 23 60.53 1 15 39.47 38 100.00 Frequency Missing = 39 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 1.6842 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.1944 Effective Sample Size = 38 Frequency Missing = 39 WARNING: 51% of the data are missing.

Page | 205

------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure EggAllergy Cumulative Cumulative EggAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 15 46.88 15 46.88 1 17 53.13 32 100.00 Frequency Missing = 22 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.1250 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.7237 Effective Sample Size = 32 Frequency Missing = 22


2 x 2 Table Statistics

Single Table Analysis

Egg Allergy

(+) (-)

(+) 14 13 27

Exposure (-) 6 12 18

20 25 45

Chi Square and Exact Measures of Association

Test Value p-value(1-tail)

p-value(2-tail)

Uncorrected chi square 1.5 0.1106 0.2211

Yates corrected chi square

0.8438 0.1792 0.3583

Mantel-Haenszel chi square

1.467 0.1132 0.2264

Fisher exact

0.1795 0.3589

Mid-P exact

0.1207 0.2414

All expected values (row total*column total/grand total) are >=5

OK to use chi square.

Page | 206

------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure MilkAllergy Cumulative Cumulative MilkAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 10 55.56 10 55.56 1 8 44.44 18 100.00 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.2222 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.6374

Sample Size = 18

------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure MilkAllergy Cumulative Cumulative MilkAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 14 56.00 14 56.00 1 11 44.00 25 100.00 Frequency Missing = 2 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.3600 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.5485 Effective Sample Size = 25




Milk Allergy

(+) (-)

(+) 11 16 27


Page | 207

19 26 45



p-value(2-tail)



0.003796 0.4754 0.9509


0.05938 0.4037 0.8075

Fisher exact

0.5232(P) >0.9999999

Mid-P exact

0.4062(P) 0.8124

All expected values (row total*column total/grand total) are >=5

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 743

------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure PeanutAllergy Cumulative Cumulative PeanutAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 6 33.33 6 33.33 1 12 66.67 18 100.00 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 2.0000 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.1573

Sample Size = 18

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 744 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure PeanutAllergy Cumulative Cumulative PeanutAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 12 48.00 12 48.00 1 13 52.00 25 100.00 Frequency Missing = 2

Page | 208

Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.0400 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.8415 Effective Sample Size = 25




Peanut Allergy

(+) (-)

(+) 13 14 27


25 20 45



p-value(2-tail)



0.8438 0.1792 0.3583


1.467 0.1132 0.2264

Fisher exact

0.1795(P) 0.3589

Mid-P exact

0.1207(P) 0.2414

------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure ShellfishAllergy Cumulative Cumulative ShellfishAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 11 61.11 11 61.11 1 7 38.89 18 100.00 Chi-Square Test

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for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.8889 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.3458 Sample Size = 18 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure ShellfishAllergy Cumulative Cumulative ShellfishAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 21 84.00 21 84.00 1 4 16.00 25 100.00 Frequency Missing = 2 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 11.5600 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.0007 Effective Sample Size = 25


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Shellfish Allergy

(+) (-)

(+) 4 23 27


11 34 45



p-value(2-tail)



2.211 0.06856 0.1371


3.314 0.03436 0.06871

Fisher exact

0.06943(P) 0.1389

Mid-P exact

0.04192(P) 0.08384

------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure SoyAllergy Cumulative Cumulative SoyAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 15 83.33 15 83.33 1 3 16.67 18 100.00 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 8.0000 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.0047

Sample Size = 18

------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------

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The FREQ Procedure SoyAllergy Cumulative Cumulative SoyAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 19 76.00 19 76.00 1 6 24.00 25 100.00 Frequency Missing = 2 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 6.7600 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.0093 Effective Sample Size = 25




Soy Allergy

(+) (-)

(+) 6 21 27


9 36 45



p-value(2-tail)



0.005787 0.4697 0.9394


0.2037 0.3259 0.6517

Fisher exact

0.4763 0.9526

Mid-P exact

0.3400 0.6800

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 747 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------

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The FREQ Procedure WheatAllergy Cumulative Cumulative WheatAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 16 88.89 16 88.89 1 2 11.11 18 100.00 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 10.8889 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.0010

Sample Size = 18

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 748 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure WheatAllergy Cumulative Cumulative WheatAllergy Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 19 76.00 19 76.00 1 6 24.00 25 100.00 Frequency Missing = 2 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 6.7600 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.0093 Effective Sample Size = 25




Wheat Allergic

(+) (-)

(+) 6 21 27

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8 37 45



p-value(2-tail)



0.3104 0.2887 0.5774


0.8919 0.1725 0.3450

Fisher exact

0.2946 0.5891

Mid-P exact

0.1895 0.3790

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 729 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure LTR food Cumulative Cumulative LTR_food Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 10 55.56 10 55.56 1 8 44.44 18 100.00 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.2222 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.6374 Sample Size = 18

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 730 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure LTR food Cumulative Cumulative LTR_food Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 11 42.31 11 42.31 1 15 57.69 26 100.00 Frequency Missing = 1

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Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 0.6154 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.4328 Effective Sample Size = 26 Frequency Missing = 1



Life Threatening

Reaction

(+) (-)

(+) 15 11 26


23 21 44



p-value(2-tail)



0.3114 0.2884 0.5768


0.7312 0.1962 0.3925

Fisher exact

0.2885 0.5771

Mid-P exact

0.2046 0.4091

The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 731 ------------------------------------------ Exposure=0 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure FA Severe? Cumulative Cumulative FA_Severe_ Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 5 31.25 5 31.25 1 11 68.75 16 100.00 Frequency Missing = 2 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions

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ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 2.2500 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.1336 Effective Sample Size = 16 Frequency Missing = 2 WARNING: 11% of the data are missing. ------------------------------------------ Exposure=1 ------------------------------------------ The FREQ Procedure FA Severe? Cumulative Cumulative FA_Severe_ Frequency Percent Frequency Percent ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ 0 6 25.00 6 25.00 1 18 75.00 24 100.00 Frequency Missing = 3 Chi-Square Test for Equal Proportions ƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒƒ Chi-Square 6.0000 DF 1 Pr > ChiSq 0.0143 Effective Sample Size = 24 Frequency Missing = 3 WARNING: 11% of the data are missing.



Food Allergy

Severe

(+) (-)

(+) 15 9 24


26 14 40



p-value(2-tail)



0.004579 0.4730 0.9461

Mantel-Haenszel chi 0.1607 0.3442 0.6885

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square

Fisher exact

0.4759(P) 0.9519

Mid-P exact

0.3529(P) 0.7058

The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: LogIgE


0 15 5.1311 1.3711 0.3540 2.3979 7.5616

1 22 5.4776 1.5462 0.3296 2.3979 8.3457

Diff (1-2) -0.3465 1.4787 0.4951


0 5.1311 4.3718 5.8904 1.3711 1.0038 2.1624

1 5.4776 4.7921 6.1631 1.5462 1.1896 2.2096

Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.3465 -1.3517 0.6586 1.4787 1.1993 1.9288



Pooled Equal 35 -0.70 0.4886




Folded F 21 14 1.27 0.6540

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The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEEgg


0 7 0.8203 2.4675 0.9326 -2.9957 2.9069

1 10 1.2059 1.7068 0.5397 -1.5141 4.0200

Diff (1-2) -0.3856 2.0453 1.0079


0 0.8203 -1.4617 3.1023 2.4675 1.5900 5.4335

1 1.2059 -0.0151 2.4269 1.7068 1.1740 3.1160

Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.3856 -2.5340 1.7627 2.0453 1.5109 3.1655



Pooled Equal 15 -0.38 0.7074




Folded F 6 9 2.09 0.3079

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The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEMilk


0 7 0.3207 3.0294 1.1450 -2.9957 3.8330

1 9 2.0417 1.9211 0.6404 -0.7985 4.6052

Diff (1-2) -1.7210 2.4581 1.2388


0 0.3207 -2.4810 3.1224 3.0294 1.9521 6.6709

1 2.0417 0.5649 3.5184 1.9211 1.2976 3.6805

Diff (1-2) Pooled -1.7210 -4.3778 0.9359 2.4581 1.7996 3.8766



Pooled Equal 14 -1.39 0.1864




Folded F 6 8 2.49 0.2328

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The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEPeanut


0 12 0.6846 1.7100 0.4936 -2.9957 3.1179

1 13 2.4494 1.6296 0.4520 -0.2614 4.6052

Diff (1-2) -1.7648 1.6686 0.6680


0 0.6846 -0.4019 1.7711 1.7100 1.2114 2.9034

1 2.4494 1.4646 3.4342 1.6296 1.1686 2.6901

Diff (1-2) Pooled -1.7648 -3.1466 -0.3830 1.6686 1.2968 2.3406

Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite -1.7648 -3.1507 -0.3789


Pooled Equal 23 -2.64 0.0146




Folded F 11 12 1.10 0.8663

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The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 737 The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEShrimp Exposure N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum 0 4 1.4732 3.2018 1.6009 -2.9957 4.6052 1 3 1.0149 1.4903 0.8604 0.0953 2.7344 Diff (1-2) 0.4583 2.6532 2.0264 Exposure Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev 0 1.4732 -3.6216 6.5680 3.2018 1.8138 11.9380 1 1.0149 -2.6871 4.7170 1.4903 0.7759 9.3660 Diff (1-2) Pooled 0.4583 -4.7507 5.6673 2.6532 1.6561 6.5072 Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite 0.4583 -4.4007 5.3173 Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t| Pooled Equal 5 0.23 0.8300 Satterthwaite Unequal 4.4291 0.25 0.8122 Equality of Variances Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Folded F 3 2 4.62 0.3664

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The SAS System

The TTEST Procedure

Variable: IgESoy (IgESoy)


0 4 4.2875 4.9710 2.4855 0 10.1000

1 4 0.7075 0.5123 0.2562 0 1.1900

Diff (1-2) 3.5800 3.5336 2.4987


0 4.2875 -3.6224 12.1974 4.9710 2.8160 18.5345

1 0.7075 -0.1077 1.5227 0.5123 0.2902 1.9103

Diff (1-2) Pooled 3.5800 -2.5340 9.6940 3.5336 2.2770 7.7813







Folded F 3 3 94.14 0.0036

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The SAS System 11:39 Thursday, April 12, 2012 739 The TTEST Procedure Variable: LogIgEWheat Exposure N Mean Std Dev Std Err Minimum Maximum 0 4 0.4065 1.9745 0.9873 -1.4697 2.9601 1 5 0.8419 1.9192 0.8583 -0.9943 3.9551 Diff (1-2) -0.4353 1.9431 1.3035 Exposure Method Mean 95% CL Mean Std Dev 95% CL Std Dev 0 0.4065 -2.7354 3.5485 1.9745 1.1186 7.3621 1 0.8419 -1.5411 3.2249 1.9192 1.1498 5.5148 Diff (1-2) Pooled -0.4353 -3.5175 2.6469 1.9431 1.2847 3.9547 Diff (1-2) Satterthwaite -0.4353 -3.5803 2.7096 Method Variances DF t Value Pr > |t| Pooled Equal 7 -0.33 0.7482 Satterthwaite Unequal 6.4745 -0.33 0.7498 Equality of Variances Method Num DF Den DF F Value Pr > F Folded F 3 4 1.06 0.9188

Specific Aims - Emory Theses and Dissertations

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