A

CIVIL, COMMERCIAL, POLITICAL, AND LITERARY

H I S T O R Y

O F

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL.

BY THE L A T E

W Y N D H A M B E A W E S , E s q .

HIS MAJESTV’ S CONSUL FOR NE AR T H I R T Y YEARS A T C A D I Z A N D SEVILLE.

I N T W O V O L U M E S .

V O L . II.

L O N D O N :

Printed for R . F a u l d e r , N e w B o n d S tre e t ; E . J e f f r e y , P a l l - M a l l ; B. L a w ,

A v e m a r y L a n e ; and J. S e w e l l , Coynhil l.

MDCCXCIII.

J

C O N T E N T S

OF T HE

S E C O N D V O L U M E .

CHAP. PAGEI. On Portugal. Its Situation, Name, Divifton, Archbifhops and Bi-

flooprics; Clime, Mines, and Rivers, - IIT. O f the Ffablifbment of Religion in the Kingdom o f Portugal, - 7

III. O f the Efhiblifhment of the Kings of Portugal, 8IV. O f the civil Government o f Portugal, and its different Tribunals, 9 V . O f the Places in the Law, provided by the King's Bench, except thofe

o f Reports, - - - - - - - - - 2 0V L O f the principal Officers o f the Palace and Kingdom, - - 23

VII. O f the military Orders, - - - - - 4.0VIII. A Defcription o f the Province of Entre-Douro and Minho, - 47

IX . Defcription of the Province o f Tras os Montes, - - 67X . A Defcription o f the Province o f Beira, - 74

XI. Defcription o f the Province of Eftremadura, - - 92XII. A Defcription o f the Province o f Alentejo, - - - 137

X n i. A Defcription o f the Kingdom o f Algarve, - - - 174X IV. A Lip o f the Governors and Captains General that have been o f the

Kingdom o f Algarve. With a Catalogue of the Latitudes and Lon­gitudes of the Cities and principal Towns in Portugal, - 168

APPENDIXI, O f the Atlantic Iflands belonging to Portugal, - - - 17 2

II, O f the Titles by which the Grandees or principal Lords of Portugalwere difinguijhed in the Year 1735, -

III. A Lift of the Fires and Souls in Portugal, -1882x8

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D I s S E R T A T ; t Q ■ N : $

■ O N

P O R T U G A L<

HA V I N G fimilled my Description o f the Spantjh Monarchy, I fhallmow proceed to give that of the Kingdom of Portugal, fo far as it differs from the preceding-one, without, repeating its Hydrography, or other parti­

culars before noticed 3 and which I, have principally tranimated from Don L tdz Gaetano de Lima's Geograjia Hijhrica, as the m oil celebrated Author who: hath treated on the Subject.

C H A P. I.

Its Situation, Name, Divifion, Archbifhops and BiJJjoprics; Clime, Mines, and, Rivers.

i i ■ ■ ■■I .I'..',. '

r p H E Kingdom of Portugal (including that o f Algarve) is fituated on the situation. ■ * weilem m oil Part o f Spain, between 7 and 10 Degrees o f W. Longitude,

and from 36: 15 to 42 : 5 Degrees of N . Latitude^ being in Length, from North to South, about one hundred and twenty Leagues from Valencia, on the Fron­tiers of Galicia, to Sagres, near Cape St. Vincent, on the Coaft o f Algarve: Though its Breadth is fomething under forty, reckoning from the Tow n of Pe- ?itche, on the Sea, to Sahaterra, in the Province of Beira, It joins on the North to the Kingdom of Galicia j eajlusard on that of Leon, Spanijh EJlrema- dura, and Andalufia} and its fouthern and icejlern Limits are bounded by the Atlantic Ocean.

It is fuppcfed, and with feemingly good Reafon, that Geographers are com- Name, monly miitaken in the Etymology o f the Name o f Portugal. Some French A u ­thors, and their Followers, will have it derived from Portus Guilds, or Portus

' Gallorum; alledging, as the Foundation of this Opinion, that in ancient Times French Veffels frequenting the River Douro, fettled feme Colonies, as they af- fert, where the City o f Oporto now flands, and gave their Town the aforefaid Appellation, which afterwards was extended to the whole Kingdom: But they difagree in Point of T im e; as fome would have this Event to piecede the Roman Conqucil; others during the Dominion o f the firfl-Emperor's; -and others after the Invafion o f Spain by the Moors. And although my Intention is not to enter deeply into the Contcfl, yet I think it precifely necefiary to attempt eftabliihing the Truth of the Original o f this Denomination, and, at the fame Tim e, to ei> deavour to refute an Opinion fo fallacious.

And, firfl, the Name o f Portugal, or Portus Gallorum, was never heard o f be­fore the Coming of the Romans to Spain, as the moil ancient of their Hifloriana

V o i, II. * B are

D I S S E R T A T I O N S onare filent theteap j nptherffs any/udi JJTamc f$und, $themby Ljfeript^pn, Mcv tlal, or'any oilier Mefnorial of thofe Times ; -To which may'be added, That the L a tin Tongue being unknown in the Provinces o f France and Spain, but in Pro­portion as the Romani went on fubduyig^hem, it was very unlikely the French, before their Subjection* ffiould give L a tin Names to any Settlements* although their frequenting the Ports fhould be allowed. Which Frequency of Gallic Em­barkations ^ tlie $iver Dyiifo, in flyi Agc^mentionsd, is jiqwever^bmething incredible 5 efpeciaily as it plainly appears, -that there was no other T o rt, be- iides that o f Cate, which could cither invite or engage thole Navigators to fo c oxidant a Refort there, as is pretended.

And truly there is not a better, or indeed the lead Foundation for the Pre­tence of the faid Name's commencing in the Reign of the fjrit Emperors -t as it is n o t mkntioped >ifi the Fpiiiap Miftory o f t&ofe Time-s,: nob in the1 <5 bog'raphefs andother GreetWriters of that A g e ; :StL<ih as Diodorus Siculus, who lived in. the Reigns of Julius 0 efar p id Qghtviqtms- Augujius j Strabo, who reached the Reign o f Fiberius j Pint atch, who 'fiopriffied in the Tim e ofFraja'n ; and Ptolemy, in the Reign of ‘Antoninus Pius: -But what niolb destroys this Qpimonj isi ilse Iti­nerary o f the faid Emperor ( if to him that W ork may be-dtrhbutMjifuh which remarking, with the greatefl Exaftnefs poifible, the Charts or Roads o f Spain, he does not mention the Name: An infallible Argument o f its not being known till the Middle of the fecond Century, op abpqt (he Year 163, being the Period in which the faid Emperor died5 as it is natural to conclude, that a Defcription o f the Countries and Lands moil known, fhould take Place of tbofe of a lefs Rpputipion. ; _ - \ '; Yet thole are lefs'to be pitied by the Jutjicipus, who ^tribute the Name o f

Forties Galkrum to the Voyages wliicli the French made to that Country when Spain was iubjedt to the Moors $ as then the Ufe o f the Latin Language was loft in the Provinces on this Side the Alps-, and it is incredible that the French fhould have Recourfe to a foreign Language, when they might make UE gf their o,wn,

Thus haying refuted tijie Etymology o f F.ortus Gpllm, o j P^rtps GAkvum, I ihall not fcruple to affert thq Certainty q f Portugal drawing its origin^ Appel­lation fi-pm a' Place, at the Mouth o f the River D ouko called Cap by the Ap^ cients, and Gaya by the Modems, through Corruption o f (fie Word. A,3 this Tow n was feated on an Eminence, which rendered its Traffic with other Places troublefome, a Part g f thf Inhabitants determined on making a new Settlement on the other Side o f the River, which was afterwards called Rortuqaje, qr Porto dc Cale, becaufe. it fronted (he Town of this i^ame, apd was really a Port to. it, on the River Douro, This Infant Colony increafed fo much in Time, that it became the famous City o f Porto; and from that the Name o f Fortucak paffed on the, whole Province.

T h e precife Time or Year w,h?n tins, new Eftabhfhrnen.t was made, does not appear j but; it may be fupppfed, with the greateft Probability, not to have bean before the Year; 163,: f o r it is remarkable, that, in the Itinerary, juft men­tioned, fuppofecl to be written by. the Emperor Antoninus. Pius, where all Charts and the.principal Roads of Spain are minutely described, Mention is made only o f Cap, and not o f Fortucak; which, affords Matter for a very, ftrong. Conjecture, that this latter was. not then founded* otherwife it would naturally have been, remarked in fo extraordinary a Work.

T he mod: ancient Memorial that I find of the Appellation o f Fortucak, is dated in the Year 338,; in which was celebrated the Hibenan Council, called fo from the. City of that Denomination, or Elvira, whole.Bifhopric was removed to Granada, after the City fell to Ruin.

In this Council, according to the Emperor Conjlaniins. the Great’s Order, as it is related by Flour0 Razes, Chronicler, of the Miranuimolin (corruptly fo called

for

3for Emir Almoimkmtn, or Elmemunim) o f Morocco (and whom Andrdo de ]Re- jende, Mariana, and many other Authors follow), the Dignities d fth e Chtifches in Spain were regulated, and th e C ity of Pòrtucale 'aflìgned to the Bifhtìps of Braga;

In Tfoceis o f Tim e (though -with ‘the Interval o f âboVe twohtindred Years) other Memorials appeared, in which was found the Name d f Portatale -, as in the Council o f Lugo, celebrated Anno 564, in which likewife the epifcopal Ju- lifdidtions were diftmguifhed : And, in this Council, two Claules ate worthy of Obfervation 3 the hr ft, that herein Perineale was affigned to the Bifhopric of Coimbra, calling it Perineale Cajirum Antiquum 3 and the fee On d is, bÿ tailing the Church o f Porto, Belles Portugalenfis in Cajìro Nòve. This Difference be­tween Cajirum Antiquum and Cajirum Novum, led the Chronologift, Fr. Bernardo de Brito, to beHeve that Portugal was the ancient T ow n o f Cale, or Gaya 3 and Cajirum Novum, the new'City o f Pòrto. But the great Antiquary, 'Gajpdr Ejiaco, is o f Opinion, that the giving the Name o f Portugal to Gujlrum Antiquum, was, pecaufe at the fame Time that the new C ity of Porto was daily increafing, the Reputation of the Town o f Cale was greatly diminiihing; and fo it feeraed ne- ceflary to gdd the faid Appellation, to the End o f its being better known : In­fo much that the Meaning o f the Words, Portucale, Cajirum A ntiquum is the fame as to fay, the old Caftle clofe to Portucale, or the City o f Porto. ThÌ3 is fonftrmed by the Settlement o f the Suevi, reported by Loayfa, in which there is likewife Mention made o f Portugalhee, Cajirum Antiquum-, where antiquum refera to Cajirum, and not to PortugalUœ. In other Councils, as well o f Pole do as 'Braga, in the fixth and feventh Centuries, Bifhops Pottugaïlenjes, and fbme- tlmes Porticenjes, are taken Notice of.

From all thefe Remarks, it is evidently concluded, that the Name o f Portu­gal is derived from the ancient Tow n o f Caie, or Gaya, and not from Portia Gàl- lus, or Partus Gailorum. There now remains to inveitigate the Period When thè faid Appellation was transferred from the City o f Porto, to all that Territory at preferii termed the Kingdom o f Portugal.

Thofe who are but a little verfed in the Roman Hiftory, mnft have remarked, thstt,,- inftead o f Portugal, the Name o f Lujitama was anciently given to this Province; which Appellation however does not perfectly correfpond to itr For Portugal at prefent comprehends, various Lands, that did not belong to Lufita- ni-a. 3 and this, extended to other Settlements, which are without the Limits of Portugal. This Denomination, which, it had in the Tim e o f the Romans, either taken from Elija or Lujus, continued, after the Entrance o f the northern Na­tions mtoBpain, which happened in the Year 412, without any Alteration, from the Conqueft o f the Suevi, who occupied' fo great a Share o f it} and in the feme Manner it was preferved under the Moorijh Dominion, until the Reign of K ing Ferdinando the Great, who died in 1,067.

It was in the Reign o f this Prince, as Hiftorians generally agree, that the Change of the Appellation o f Lufitania for Portugal was made; for (fey they) his approaching Death induced him to make the Divifion o f his Dominions among his Sons : He difpofed of the Kingdom o f Cajlik to Don Sancbo 3 that o f Leon to Don Alfonfo-, and' the Territories o f Portugal and Galicia to Don Gar­da-, and on this Occaiion i t was that he made' the Alteration. The Reafon that influenced him thereto, was tills, that the City o f Porto Having greatly inereafed its Reputation, and, in confequence* thereof, ipread its Name to feveral Parts o f that Province, he thought proper to comprehend the'W hole under that o f Por­tugal, as taken from a Settlement fo illuftrious.

T he moil ancient W riting now extant, wherein the' Appellation' o f Portugal is given-to all the Kingdom, bears Date, from the Month o f April, 1069, kept in 'the 'Monaftery o f Aroitca, in which are found the following Words, written-

in

S P A I N a n d P O R T U G A L .

4

PiVlilUD*

ArchiepifL-' I> il Lines.

r.pifiopnlLints.

In the barbarous Stile o f that Age: Obtinente Rege Garcia IperatorU Ferrandt Fi- llus Portugale, & fotam Galeciam.

FinaJlyj I fhall fubjoin in this Place a Conjecture of the Antiquary, Andrew de Rcfende; who thinks that the new Title of Biihops Portuenfes, found in fome Memorials, inftead of Biihops Portugalenjh, had Birth from the Extenfion of the Appellation of Portuea/e to other Territories, in order to avoid all Equivo­cation, and the better to diitinguiih the Biihops o f all Portugal from the par­ticular Biihop o f Porte.

The Authors who have derived the Name Portugal from Cale, .are* among others, the Chronologift, Durate Galvaon, in Chronica del Rey JD. Alfonfo Hen- riquesAndrew dc Rcjhide, in his Epiille to a Canon of 'Toledo ; the Biihop of A l­garve, Don Jeronymo OJbrlo, in the Dedication o f his Book to King Emanuel ; Johan, de Mariana, in his Hiitoiy of Spain \ Gajpar E/laco, in his Antiquidades de Portugal; and L itiz Marinho de Azevedo, in his Foundation o f Lijbon.

The Kingdom o f Portugal is now divided into fix Provinces; o f which the moll meridional forms the Kingdom of Algarve: The other five (commencing from the North) are, Entre-Douro and Minbo, Trazos-Montes, Beira, Eftremadura, and Alentejo. In this Divifion there are only eighteen Cities; but it is to he obferved, that among the many Towns difperfed over the Country, are to be ieen a great Number, fo well peopled, with fuch good Buildings, and carrying on fo confiderable a Trade, that they deferve,’with great Juftice, to be numbered among Cities m any Part o f Europe.

Among the Cities are three archiepiicopal, viz. Braga, in the Province o f En- trc-Douro and Minbo; Ever a, in Alentejo; and.JLijbon, in. Eftremadura j this lad, which is the Capital of the Kingdom, was divided in the Reign of King, John V. into oriental and occidental. The firft, not attended now with any Preference, preferves its ancient metropolitan Chair, but with great Diminution of its Rents: And the fecond was eredted into a patriarchal Seat, with the greateft Privileges that any Church enjoys, as may be feen in the golden Bull, expedited by Pope Clement XI. on the yth of November, 1716.

The epifcopal Cities (following the Order obferved .in' the Provinces) are ten, viz. Porto, in the Province of Minbo 1 Miranda, in that of Trazos-MontesCoim­bra, Guar da, Lamego and Vifeu, in Beira; Leiria, in Eftremadura-, Ehas and Por­ta legre, in Alentejo; and Faro, in Algarve. The Cities which have no Biihops Seats, arc, Braganza, Bcja, Lagos-Syhes, and Tavira. ■ -

Befides thefe Archbiihoprics and Bifhoprics in the Kingdom, Portugal has fe­vers! others in its foreign Dominions and Conqueits. In AJia, the Archbifhop of Goa, Primate of the Eaft-, the Archbifhopric o f Serra, called alfo Gang an or; and tire Billions of Cochin, Malacca, Meliapor, and Macao. In America, the Arch- bifliopric o f Bam a ; with the Bishoprics o f Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Maran- haon, and gran Para. In Africa, the Biihops of Angola, St. Thomas, and Cabo Verde; and, Iafily, thofe of Angra and Funchal, in the Terceira and Madeira Iilamls.

The Climate o f Portugal is by many reckoned the moil benign in Europe-, though with great Difference in the Provinces, as thofe in the North are fome- ritnes piercing cold in the W inter, and the jbutbern ones commonly very hot in the Summer: So that I mull diifent from the generally-received Opinion of the Benignity of this Clitne, in Favour o f the more temperate ones of Valencia in Spam, and the fouthern Parts of France. Tills Country produces all the Variety o f Fruits that Spain does, and which are natural to the meridional Parts of Eu­rope, and fome m a greater Perfection than are to be found in its neighbour­ing States: It yields great Quantities o f Wine and Oil; though, even in the beft

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

5.of Years, the Harvefl is not fnfficient for the Con lump lion o f the Kingdom.;<nt this, I think, might in a great meafure be remedied, were tlie Inhabitants more diligent in cultivating the many Lands which lie barren, and in convert­ing fome of thofe they plant with Vines into arable; this would undoubtedly fupply their Wants* and, i f but rightly coniidered, would prove more to. their Advantage than their vinous Produ£ts : For though the Vintage, on the firft Reflefrion, appears to have the Preference of the B ar veil in point of Profit, yet when the Difference in their Cultivations, and other Circumitances are duly caL culated, X am fully perfuaded that the Benefit will be found on the Side I place it. Neverthelefs I would not advife breaking up more Ground than would be fufficient to give them Bread, without relying for it on a foreign Supply as the Lands might be fo properly difpoied and adapted to their different Growths, fo as to facilitate my Scheme; for Crapes will fiu flify , and produce Abundance in fandy Ground, where W heat would hardly yield a Grain. But the Proprie­tors are puffed up at the conftant Demand and great Sales for their W ines, re- gardlefs of the large Calls for the 'greater Part of what they have received to buy them Bread, befides the Contingencies of getting it in bad Years from abroad:And to thefe Confederations may be added, the great Exportation o f Flour for America, which not a little diminifh.es then’ home Stock (as they fend this of their own Growth), and proportionably augments the Importation from all fo­reign Markets.

T he Mines o f Portugal were anciently celebrated for their different O res; but MmW fince Africa, Afia, and America, have plentifully fupphed us with their Trea- fures, thefe here have been flighted and negledted as unprofitable: Though, on the contrary, the Salt-pans in this Country continue Bill to lupport their Re­putation, both for Quantity and Quality, being lupeiior as to the latter for moll Uies to any made in Spain, except at St. Lucar and Cadiz; and confcquently, large Parcels are fhipped for the North, and occalionaily to our Plantations, for curing the Fifb, &c. Befides the abovementioned Fiuits, natural to Portugal we may add thofe which are brought from her leveral Settlements abroad, and diftributed among the various Inhabitants of Europe who become their Purcha- fers; fuch as Sugar, Tobacco, Cocoa, Ivory, Ebony, Brafil, and other valuable W oods; Indigo, Pepper, Cloves, Salt-petre, Tea, Coral, M uik, Amber, Cryftal, and other Drugs, from the Baft-Indies.

T he principal Rivers which water Portugal, are, the Pajo, Douro, Minbo, and Rived. Guadiana; which feem to divide the Provinces.

The Pajo hath its Rife on the Confines of Aragon and New-Caftile, running Tijo.- to the Weft by this Province; and, after receiving the Rivers Molina and Xarama, it wafhes the W alls of Pole do: At a little Diftance from which, augmented by the Guadarrama and Albcrches, it is fubje6ted by tire magnificent Bridge o f A l- tnaraz, where the Alagaon and other Rivers lofing them lei ves in it, it flows to the City of Alcantara; a little after entering Portugal, and taking in the River Zezere, it runs by the Tow n o f Santarem, and, afliffed by the Sea, it forms the famous Port o f Lijbon, and there finifhes its Courfe.

The Douro, rifing in Old-Caftile, a few Leagues from Agreda and Tarazona, Douro. wafhes in that Province the Cities o f Seria and Aranda; and, in the Kingdom o f Leon, Simancas, Pordejillas, Poro, and Za?nora, after being enriched with feve- ral other Rivers : From hence, entering Portugal by Miranda, it yet augments its Streams with the Rivers Co a, Pavora, P a h a , and others, in going to water the City of Porto, feated on its northern Bank, where it empties itfelf into the Ocean by a Bar, which is more lucrative to the Inhabitants, than agreeable to the Mariner.

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L .

* CVOL. II. The

6Miahch

Oiiadrsriii,

The Minbo, ipringmg in Gab cut near Cajlro de Rey, waters the Cities o f Lugo, Orerife, and Lay, being afliited by the Waters from fome Rivulets; and, after dividing Part o f the faid Kingdom from the Province of Entre-Douro and Minim, it lofes itfelf in the wejlern Ocean, at a little Diftance from Camtnha.

The G uadi ana rifes in New-Cajlile, and hides itfelf for fome Leagues above Calatrava; but appearing again, it continues its Courfe, and wafhes the Towns o f Ciudad-Real, Merida, and Badajoz: From hence declining foutlnvard, it firft croifes a Part o f the Province of Aientejo, and afterwards feparates Andahtfia. from the Kingdom of Algarve, falling into the Ocean between Cajlro-Marin and Ay a monte.

Among the Rivers of lefs Note, are reckoned the Cava do, Cay a, Co a, Leva, Lima, Mondego, Neiva, Paiva, Sadaon, Tavora, Vouga, Zezere, and others,

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

C H A P.

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L . 7

C H A P . I L

O f the Eflablifljment o f Religion in the Kingdom o fPortugal.

H E State o f Religion 111 Portugal was under the fame Cloud, as has been Religion,defcribed in Spain, when the glorious Light o f the Gofpel appeared, to chafe

away the Shadows o f Idolatry, and eftabliih in its room the Chriftian Law, as tire only Guide to Salvation. This was unhappily obfcured, firft, by the Cori- qucft o f the northern Nations, and afterwards by the Moors; nor could it be fo foon reftored as in Spain, fmce the Portuguefe feparated from that Kingdom, and by its own Monarchs not having a fuffident Power to fhake off the Saracen Yoke, till Pelagias begun, and other Proceeding vidorious Princes perfected the W ork o f Reconqueft: And in Proportion to their Succefs, and Acquifttion o f Terri­tory, a due W orihip was reftored, and xh. Roman Catholic Faith been profeffed in his moft Faithful Majefty’s Dominions ever fmce.

C H A P .

itingi.

D I S S E R T A T I O N S ' on

C H A P . III.

O f the EJlablifoment o f the Kings ^Portugal.

T T A v in g a Defign to compofe an hiftorical Compendium o f this Kingdom, - if I am encouraged thereto by my prefent Labours meeting with a favour­

able Reception from the Public, I ihalJ now only treat (and that briefly) o f the Effablifhment o f its Kings, from the Period of its Separation from the Domi­nion o f Spain*

Alfonfo VI, King of Leon and Cajlik, being at W ar with the Moors, folicited Affiftance from feveral Princes; and having received it from Earl Henry (fourth Son o f his Namefake, Duke o f Burgundy, and Grandfon to Robert, Brother to Henry I. King o f France), who entered Spain to afford it him, hi the Year 1080. He did that Prince fuch figrial Services, as induced him to give the Earl in M ar­riage to one of his Daughters, called Queen Fare)a (according to the T itle and Treatment given by the Kings of Spain in thofe Times to their legitimate Fe­male Children), with all the Lands gained, or to be gained from the Moors, in the Limits of Portugal, From tills auguft Alliance was born the Infante Don Alfonfo-Benrtques, whofe Defendants to this Day occupy the Throne, as will be {hewn in the above-propofed Hifrory.

The Year of Portugal" s new Erection into the Title of a Kingdom, was 1139, on Occafion of the celebrated Battle of Ourique; when the aforefaid Infante Don Alfonfo being about to engage with Ifmar, accompanied by four other Moorijh Monarchs, his Troops proclaimed him King, a little before the Action, in which, he obtained a moil important Victory. This T itle was afterwards acknow­ledged and confirmed by Pope Alexander III. in the Year 1179, by a Bull, ft ill preferved in the royal Archive, called the Forre do 'tombo. Some Authors make this Confirmation more ancient, attributing it to Innocent II, others to Lucius II, and others, finally, to Eugeni us III ■ fo that the Kingdom o f Portugal reckons upwards of fix: hundred Years from its firft Foundation to the Year 1767, the Time I am writing this: And the Houfe, which at prefent reigns in Portugal, is the fame that commenced its Settlement j a Circumftance feldom feen in the other Sovereign Families of Europe. T he Dominion of Spain lafted for the Space o f fixty Years (under the Reigns o f three Philips), viz. from 1580 to 1640; in which laft Year, on the ift o f December, the moft Serene Houfe of Braganza, right Heirs to the Crown, took PoiTeffion of It, in the Perfon o f King John IV, Grandfon to the Duchefs Katherine, and great Grandfather to King Jofepb, now reigning.

C H A P .

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L . 9

C H A P . IV.

O f the civil Government o f Portugal, and its different'Tribunals.

H E civil Government o f this Kingdom, confifts of different Councils and Government.T ribunals; o f which I ftiall give a fucciirCt Account. And though this

may not be fo perfect as I could w iili; it is the beffc I could procure from turn­ing over every authentic W riter who has treated on the Subject, without iparing any Pains to render my Relation as complete as poiliblc; yet I am conlcious of

I may however venture to after t, that there has not appeared in Print any one with fewer Faults, than what I now offer to the Public.

This Name is given in Portugal to the Parliament, or an AfTembly o f the three Cortes. States of the Kingdom, viz. the Ecclefiaftical, Nobility, and Com m ons: in which the Kings acknowledge fo great an Authority, that they funrmon them to meet by convocatory Letters, to determine Affairs o f the greateft Importance; fuch as the Succeffion to the Crown! Impofition o f new Taxes, and other prin­cipal Concerns of the Government. The Cudom of lummonIng thefc Cortes is fo ancient in Portugal, that, even fo far hack as the Time o f Earl Henry, they met in Guimaraens, as Is mentioned in fomc Records; and, in the Reign of King Alfonfo-Henrtques, was held the famous Cortes of Lam ego, in which was regulated that fundamental Point, o f excluding all foreign Princes from fucceeding to the Crown. The Affembly meet in the Place where the Court refides; and it is cuf- tomary for the Sovereign to aililt at it, in his royal Robes, with the Scepter in las Hand, accompanied by the principal Officers of the Houfhold, Kingdom, and Juftice. On the Part o f the Nobility, all who bear Titles and, are Lords of Lands have a Pvight to f i t ; o f the Ecclefiaffics, the Archbiihops and Bifhops ajrd o f the Commons, the Procurators for, or Reprefentatives of, the Towns and Cities. The laft Cortes held in Portugal, were in the Reign of Peter II, in D e­cember, 1697, in order to caufe his Son Don 'John (Prcdeceffor to the reigning Prince Don Jofepb) acknowledged for his Succcffor. This A ft was judged ne- ceiiary to abrogate the Article o f the Cories o f Lam?go, where it was eitablifired,T h at the King dying without Sons, his Nephew's could not fucceed, notwith- ftanding they were Kings Sons, without being elected by the Cortes. Some Years before (in the Reign o f the laid Peter) another Article had been difpenfed with by the Cortes, made in tire Year 1679, That the moft Serene Infanta, Donna Jja- bel, his Daughter, by a firft Marriage, might obtain the Succeffion to the Crown, notwithftanding her eipoufing a foreign Prince, the Duke o f Savoy. I thought proper to take Notice here of thefe two Afrs, not only to advife of the laft Cortes held in the Kingdom ■, hat to flrew, with fuch evident Teftimonies, that, not- witlrftanding the Year in which the Cortes o f Lanugo were held does not appeal', yet this does not hinder their having the Force of a fundamental Raw, as the People have admitted them with a tacit Confetti, and the Kings have fubmitted to the Obfervance of all their Articles.

a Deficiency for W ant o f original Records, unattainable by any Individual: Rut

C O R T E S .

Vol.IL * D CO UN-

I O

Council of State.

F.'il'iiiry of Suic'i Office.

C O U N C I L OF S T A T E .

Here is one fupreme Council, in which all the principal Affairs appertaining to the Government of the Kingdom are treated o f and dilculied. Herein all Dignities, as well ecclefiaftical as civil, are conftituted; all Governments, De­puties, Employs and Foils (not immediately depending on another Tribunal), are fupplied; and thofe which are of a different Divifion, have an Appeal to this. Here efpecially all Archbiihops and Bifhops of the Kingdom, as well oil the Con­tinent as in the Iflands ; all Viceroys, Captains-general and Governor o f Pro­vinces, and any other Territories fubjedt to the Kings <Ä Portugal, are appointed: Here all Propofttions for W ar or Peace are deliberated; all Negotiations regu­lated ; all Em baffles and Refidents, with the proper Perlons to whom fuch Com- miliions may be entrufled, are determined: And, finally, to this Council belongs file Confutation o f the King’s Alliances, and thofe o f the Royal Family.

The Inftitution o f this Council is attributed to Queen Katherine, during the Minority of her Grandfon Don Sebafiian, in Imitation o f one at Madrid under this T itle; and the fu ll Counfellor of State was Laurenlzo P i res de Tdvora, Lord of the Eflate of Caparica. Anciently no other Council was known in Portugal, but that called the K ing’s C ouncil; in which, befides Prelates and other Fer- fons of the greateft Diftindlion, as well thofe expert ill Feats o f Arms as other Services, there were entered Men of Letters, with the Titles o f Judges and upper Judges (fmee changed for the Denomination of Dcfembargadores de Paß) ; and, though the Exercife of the Fundtion has long fmee ceafed, yet the Title ftill con­tinues to all the Grandees, fomc of the principal Governors, and the Mini fliers of feveral fupreme Tribunals.

This Council being thus fettled, great Regard has always been had as to the Choice of its Members, efpecially that they be o f the high eft Rank. Thofe, in the Year 1732, were their Eminences the Cardinals o f Cunba, Pereira, aild Mot a ; and Don Thomas de Almeida, firft Patriarch of Wefi-Lijbon: Among the Seculars, were the Duke of Cadaval; Don Jayme de Mello, Marquis o f Alegrete; aild the Earls of Aveiras and Affumar. W hich I mention, to give the Reader an Idea o f the great Perfonages compofmg this Council, and in W ant o f the prefent Lift, which, as it is unneceffary, I have not been very felicitous to procure.

T he Kings ufed frequently to affift at this Council, though the Cuflom hath, been otherwife for many Years p a il; and, in Abfence of the Sovereign, the Se­cretary colledls the Votes of the Courtfellors for a Determination. W hen they are wanted to confult about Bufmefs, he diredls their aifembling, and the giving of their Votes m W riting,

T h e Secretary of State is properly the Secretary to this Council, who is afliffed by one fuperior and feveral inferior Officers, and are eledled out o f the moil noted Perfons for Capacity, Integrity, and Difpatch.

S E C R E T A R Y o f S T A T E ’S O f f i c e .

This Office is very ancient in the Kingdom ; but, in the third Year o f the Reign of John IV , which was Anno 1643, that Prince gave it a new Form, or ra­ther reilored it to its primitive Inftitution, dividing, by his Letter Patent o f the 29th of November, the Matters appertaining to the faid Office, that o f the Grants and that of Diipatches. Accordingly I have here copied and tranflated verba­tim the faid Letter, that the abovementioned Partition may be feen more clearly.

The L e t t e r P a t e n t .

“ I, the King, make known to thofe who fhall fee this Letter, that it appear- “ ing to me by the three Years Experience 1 have had, fmee by the Favour o f “ God I took Pofteffion of this Crown, that the Affairs o f its Government, as

" well

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

l( well in Peace as W ar, run all through the Secretary of State's Office, without lt Diftinbtion of the Quality and Subftance of them ; with immenfe Trouble to t( the Mimfter who ferves, or ihall ferve me in that Occupation, and with lei’s *l Cleamefs and D iftm ition than is right: I therefore, drifting to give an eafy iC and brief Expedition to the Difpatch, as convenient to the Service of God (( and mine, and for the Benefit of the Public, availing myfclf on the Example “ o f other Kingdoms, and accommodating myfelf to the Intent and Authority £i with which the Secretary o f State’s Office was firft eretted, do divide die Mat- ci ters which in former Times were connected with it, from others, that, ac- 11 cording to their natural and original Inftitution, do not belong to i t ; af-

though, through the Abufe o f Time, the contrary hath been introduced. I iC eiteem it right, and command, That henceforward there appertain to, and be £C expedited by the fa id Office, all Matters regarding the State, as well in the “ Kingdom as in all its Dominions and Conquefts; that all being joined in one cC Minifter, folely applied to this Occupation, without being diverted by others, fi his Comprehenfion and Difpatch of Affairs (at p re lent fo much and remarfc- “ ably increafed in tiffs Crown) may be the eaffer: And alio all my Correfpond- u ence with other Princes, in regard to Peace or W ar; and any Truce, Peace or

W ar, that I ihall order to be made, or not made; Contrails, Marriages, A l- fiances, In (fractions, public or private Advices, which Ihall be given to any of

(C my Ambaffadors, Commiftaries, Reffdents, Agents, and all others of whatib- tC ever Denomination they be, Affairs o f the aforefaid Quality fhall be difpatched

by him both within and without the Kingdom. As aifo every Piece o f Intel- *e ligence, given verbally or in W riting, upon any thing touching our Kingdom, <c or the Eftate o f our Children and Succeffors: A ll Rules, Orders and Letters,

to be given and written to the Viceroys, Governors of Kingdoms, Provinces, and ultramarine Places, for the good Government of them, and Direbtlon of the public Affairs in Peace or W ar; as well in what regards the Subjcbts of

*c the faid Kingdoms, Provinces and Places, as the Princes o f the neighbouring <( Countries, from which a Detriment may be apprehended, or any Advantage “ expebted- Lrkewife the commanding Fleets or Squadrons, as well in the Seas “ o f the Kingdom as out o f them ; and the raiffng of Forces both for the Sea " and Land Service. In the public Abts o f the Cories, or fuch like, the Secre- <c tary fhall do what it touched the Efcrhaen da Puri dads (a fort o f private Se-

cretary to his Majeffy) to perform when there was one. He ihall receive the “ Oaths and Homage which any Governor or other chief Officer fhall make me. “ H e ihall difpatch the neceflary Proviftons for Viceroys, Governors o f King- ** doms, Provinces and fortified Places, as well in the Kingdom as out of it.

He is to expedite my Commands to the Generals o f Armies, Admirals, and all “ great Officers o f Peace and W ar, by whom, with fome Superiority, the public “ Government is adminiftered; fuch as the Prefidents of Tribunals, Couniel- " lors, Secretaries, andEfcrivaens (or Clerks) o f them; Defembargadores (or the ct Judges); Minifters o f the Chamber of tins City, and all others o f an equal cc Power and Jurifdidtion. He ihall fign the Creations to all Titles o f Honour, iC the Nomination to Biihoprics, Offices of tire royal Houfhold, Places of tire “ holy Office, Redtor, great Chairs, and fimilar Difpatches o f the Univerfity of

Coimbra; and all Dependence of every one of the aforefaid Matters, and all be- x< ffdes, which truly are of or concern the State, which I here hold to be expreffed

and declared. And forafmuch as I am oftentimes confulted by the Tribunals " and Affemblies in Matters o f State, which concern Government and the Di- <' rebtion of public Affairs, -or Provifions for the aforefaid Ports and Offices, they

fhall write to me in a feparate Packet, with the following Superfcription, To xc the King, our Lord, by the Secretary of States Office, that the Buimefs may, with- “ out any Confufion, be immediately forwarded by the Office that it concerns;

“ and

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L .

1211 and the fame fliall Lie done in the Letters which any Minifters or other Per- 11 Tons fliall have Occafion to write to me. And ail. other Confutations, Dif- lt patches, Decrees and Orders, which are to be fent and icccived, Letteis and i( Papers not relating lo the uforeJaid Affairs, and of the Diipatch of Grants, « which I ih all make for Services or by l-avour (not being of thofe above noted),

they ilia 11 be dii patched from the Of lice of Merccs c Expedient e (Favours and <* Diipatch), fb called; with this exprefs Declaration, That if in this Fait 1 may “ think proper to alter any thing in this Letter Patent, by ordaining any par-

ticular Office for public Matters, or the good Government o f my People, I “ Ihali command it to be done, without its being underffood that thereby any “ Prejudice ihali accrue to the Office of Merccs e Expedients, in the Manner and “ Form in which I now order it to continue. This Letter Patent, I will that “ it be valid, and have the fame Force and Vigour, as if it was a Letter made “ in my Fame, figned by me, and paffed in Chancery; notwithffanding the (t Ordinance, which fays, That the Affairs whofe Efteft are to laff above a Year, 11 pais by Letters, and that paffing by Letters Patent are not valid. And I com- “ in a ml its Regift ry in the Books of the Tribunals, Courts o f Requeft,“ and that it be printed, and fent to the Diftriffs, Minifters and Perfons, as t: Ihali appear neceffaiy, that it may come to the Knowledge of all.” Made by Pantalcaon Figueira, in Lijbm , on tire 29th of November, 1643. “ And I,“ Andre Franco, Secretary to the Queen, by a particular Order, had it written " and luperfcribcd, R e v , The King."

S E C R E T A R Y ’S O f f i c e of G r a n t s a n d D i s p a t c h e s .

r.r This is a Separation from that of the Secretary of State, to which John IV , ft1"'1 ailigned diftimft Matters by the afore-recited Letter Patent, o f 1643, ordaining

that it Ihould be called the Office of Grants and D [[patches. As the faid Letter Patent is in this Particular very fuccindt, I ihali note individually the Bufmefs of this Diviiion; though I muft previouily obferve, tliat fome Affairs are fre­quently di ("patched in one Office, which, according to the Letter Patent, are in Pie Diviiion of the other, probably from the Similitude there is in the faid A f­fairs.

Firft, there belongs to this Office the Con Filiations about providing the Employs of the Commonwealth; fuch as Efcrivacm, Clerks to the Chambers of the Kingdom, public jufticc, Taxes, Orphans, Exrifcs; civil Law, o f the Court anti City; Receivers, and their Clerks; Treafurers, and all others o f jufticc and Revenue, iubordinate to the Judges of the Palace; Council o f the Treafttry; an Affembly of the three States; Table of Confcience, and the other Tribunals; except the Minifters and Secretaries of them, whofe Appointment and Nomination are difpatched by the Secretary of State’s Office.

In the lame Manner the Confultations for providing the military Employs, from a Captain to a Lieutenant-colonel’s Poft, inclufive, either of Infantry or Cavalry. The Confultations about Places of Letters, from that o f a J u iz de Fora (an ordinary Judge) unto thofe of the firft Bench, except any Place o f a Habit. All Confultations to difpenfe with Laws, and for Judgments and A p­peals ; Frovifion o f Benefices in the military Orders; of Abatements, or can­celling fome Debts owing to the royal Revenue, and the Payment o f fome Works of public Utility from the Produce of the Excife; thofe of Alms, or Succour to any Community; the Nomination of Judges for Caufes; and Com­plaints of Sentences, preferred by the chief Harbinger.

There alfo appertains to this Office all the Grants which the King makes o f tire Habits of the three Orders; as alfo of Annuities, Chapels, and Eftates be­come void by Abfentces, Confifcations, Co mm end am s, Lieutenancies, and Seig­niories of Lands. And if it happens that in luch Difpatches a Grant of Earl

is

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on .

13 included, Dr a Life in iome Title, the Secretary o f this Office fhall, by W rit* ing, acquaint the Secretary of State therewith, to the End that he may pafs the Grant j in the fame Manner the Secretary of State is to aft with the other, wheii there fhall be included any particular Grant, by advifmg him o f the Quality of it, that he may pafs the Difpatches accordingly: However, many Difpatches; notvvithilanding thefe Difpolitions, are made out at the Secretary of State’s O f­fice, without a formal Participation to the Secretary of Grants, they only ap­pearing there extrajudicially.

Finally, all Permits to foreign and Poftuguefe Merchant-firips, for palling the Tower of Belem, are expedited by this O ffice; except the Pbrtuguefe Merchant­men which go with Licence out of the Body of the Flota, as thefe carry Paflh ports from the Secretary o f State, figned by the King.

S E C R E T A R Y ’S O f f i c e o f S u b s c r i p t i o n s .

This Office was created in order that a particular Secretary ihould carry up to sub- the K ing all Letters Patent, Provifions and Patronages, which have palled any fi:nption3. Tribunal, for his Majefty’s Approbation j except Papers drawn up in the Offices o f the Secretaries of State and Grants, as thefe carry the Papers the ml elves, in-* dependent of the Secretary o f Subfcriptions,

T he Creation of this Office was in the Reign o f John IV, and, its firfi: Secre­tary, jbiionlo Cabide; but his long Sufpenfion, during the Government o f Queen Luiza , was fupphed by Antonio de So a fa L'avarcs, Defmnbargadar do P ap. King AJfcnfo V L reftored him to the Exercife of his Funftion, in which he conti­nued till his Deceafe: After palling through various Hands, in different Reigns, it was given to Bartbolomeu de Souja Mcxica, Counfellor of the Revenue, who, in the Year 1707, was appointed to be Secretary to the Office o f Grants and Difpatches, and preferved his former Employ with it ; and, at his Death, all the three Secretarilhips were united in Diego de Men dor a Cor te-Real, then Se- cretaiy of State,

C O U N C I L o f W A R .

This was eftabliihed in the Reign o f John IV, by a Decree bearing Date the Council of n th o f December, 1640, with the Intent of giving a better Form to the A f- W“ ‘ fairs of W ar, by treating o f them in a particular Council. T he Plan o f its Government is o f the 2 2d o f December3 1643, and conliffs o f twenty nine A r­ticles.

T h e Perfons whom the King nominates for Counfellors o f W ar, are always of the greateft Authority, as well for their Nobility, as for their Services and military Experience; and the Place being for Life, the Secretary ib advifes them on taking their Scat. By the abovementioned Regulation, the K ing orders, that there ihould fikewife be in tins Council two Lawyers, viz. a Fifcal and a judge Accefhr (tlois latter to have been one o f the Defembargadores do P a p ) foi* all martial Cafes, whether civil or criminal; fo as the Fault does not deferve more than a Degradation o f five Years, which {hall be fentenced in Court by the Votes of two Counfellors and the faid Judge: But on the examining more weighty Caufes, and fuch as merit Death, the Judge Accefhr ihall advife the Board thereof, and the Secretary call in two Defembargadores, who, with the faid Judge Acceffor (now ierving as Judge Relator) , and with the Afliftance and Votes of two Counfellors (the oldeff o f which is to vote laft), fhall determine and fentence the faid Caufes. Befides the aforementioned Minifters, there is a Secretary, affifted by a chief and feveral fubaltern Officers; a Porter, a Servant, a Solicitor, and a Notary.

In this Council, all Matters o f W ar, or iuch as have any Relation to it, are treated ofi Here alfo all military Polls, from a Captain to the Governors of

Vox,. II. * E Arm?'

S P A I N a n d P O R T U G A L . i 3

Arms of Provinces, and Captains-general of Armies, are conferred; whofe Com millions being expedited in the W ar Office, fubfcribed by its Secretary and pijla, and certified by two Counfellors, are figned by the King. . This Office likewifc appoints its own Judge Accejfor and Fiical (who only ferve on Notice from the Secretary), Adminiitrators and Auditors-general o f all the Provinces. T he other military Employs, from a Sergeant to a Captain exclufive (on their ffrfl Promotion), are difpofed of in this Council by a Majority of Votes : And it is they alfo who have the Right o f appointing all Captain-majors, Sergeant* majors, and Captains of the Ordenan$a7 who are in this Country the chief OF ficers of the Militia.

This Council hath the Infpedtion o f all Fortifications, maritime Prepara­tions, Armaments, Ammunition of W ar and Provifions, Quarters for Troops, Hofpitals, Magazines, Foundcries and Trains o f Artillery} although fome of thefe Particulars have at prefent various Divifions, and appertain immediately to other Tribunals.

The Council meet in the Palace, in a Houfe which the faid King fohn de- ftined for the Purpofe; where there is a Canopy, and under it a Chair for his Majefty, whenever he pteafes to fill it. The Counfcllors fit on Benches with Backs, which are laid down when the King is prefent. The Judge Accejfor and the Defmbargadores have jointly the fame Seat: The Secretary and Prom - tor da JuJUciii (or Promoter) have no other than Stools, which are removed at the Time his Majefty perfonally afiifts } and the Secretary always hands at the Table in the royal Prefence, except when he writes the Difpatcbes then ordered, as this he does on his Knees. The Precedence of Places, and Votes o f the Counfcllors, are regulated according to their Dignity and the Antiquity o f their Titles j andrthoie without Titles take Place from the Priority of their Patents. A t tins Board alfo the Counfellors of State may aiflil, i f they pleafe, preferably to other Counfellors, both in Seats and Votes.

Defembargo do P ap, or tbe K in g 's Bench.

This Tribunal hath a more ample Power and Jurifdiction than any other in the Kingdom. Here all Places of Learning, as well for the civil as the crimi* nal, are difpofed of, viz. Juizes dc Fora, Gorrcgedores, and Provedores das Cb* mareas; The five Corregedors o f the Wards of Lijbon ; the Corregedores, in civil and criminal Affairs, of the Court and City- theMiniffers and Dcfembargadores o f the Houfe of Requeft in Lijbon, and of the Houfe of civil Concerns and Re­lation of Porto f the two Judges of the Crown, and Adis o f the Treafury; the two Ouvidores o f criminal Caufes} the Judges o f Chapels, of the Crown and Chancery; the Commiffary of Orphans and Chapels, he o f the Refidue and Captives; the Ouvidor o f the Cuftomhoufe, and the Judge of India and Mines. In the fame Manner it alfo fills all Places of the Law in die Conquefts, without excepting diofe Relations o f Bahia and Goa.

Excepting however, from tins jurifdidrion, the Provifion o f Minifters o f fuch Tribunals, as are not properly Tribunals of Juffice; the Judges of Orphans, o f civil and criminal Suits in Lijhon and its D iftrift; the Judge o f Property, the Ouvidores of Companies, Judges of Privileges; and Ouvidores o f moil: o f the Lands granted, m , thofe of the Queen, o f the Houfes of Infant ado, Braganca, and many others. In fine, it difpofes o f all the Offices o f Juffice, even thofe o f lefs Graduation; and the Fireadores and Ejcrivanos, or Notaries of the Cham* hers of Towns and Cities, not being o f thofe granted.

T he fame Court determines all Contentions about Privileges j regulates the Limits of Junfdidtions, as well fecular as ccclefiaftical; approves of the Briefs o f Nuncios, on their Arrival in this Kingdom, after an Examination by the Pro­curator o f the Crow n; grants the Review of thofe Caufes it thinks proper, and

judges

judges whether the King ought to pardon in Crimes wanting a Party. It is here that the Pragmáticas are made, and the Revocation of fome Laws. It palles the Provtfions o f various Grants; and, generally, all the Letters or Letters Pa­tent of Inftitutions, Confirmations and Subrogations o f Entails, and Chapels of Legitimations, Adoptions, Privileges, privileged Places, Supplements orD if- peniatiohs of A ge and Nobility. Finally, by this Court are granted Letters o í Protection, or what are called Letters o f Security,

Though the Jurifdidtion of this Tribunal was fo great, yet it had a new Aug­mentation in the late Reign of John V , by a Law, figned the 24th of July,1713; bv which were ailigned to tills Court, and in the lame Manner to leve- ral others, fundry Affairs, which till then had been only carried to them for Coniultation,

T he Iniliiution o f this Court was not 111 the Reign o f John II, as fome A u­thors affirm; the fald Prince having only new-modelled it, by feparating the judges of the Palace from the other Minifters o f his Council.

There hath always been iti Portugal Men o f Letters, who, in Company o f other qualified Perfons, difpatched jointly with the Kings, and confirmed their Refolutions. So it continued in the firft Reigns, as appeal's from the W ritings of thofe Times, notwitliffanding the apparent Neceffity there was of favouring Arms, in the Reign of John I. it was called “ the King's Bench, and his Coun­cil.;'’ in that o f .¿‘lifonjb V. it was intitled iC the high Court o f Juftice and Peti­tions fi' and afterwards, that <( o f the Palace.” In the Tim e of John II, the Bu- fmefs that is now t ran failed in this Court was regulated; and the Defembarga- ¿ores ó f the Palace have continued difpatching, with the King, the Affairs o f their Divifion, without mixing in any other Tribunal. K ing Manod continued it in the fame Form ; and his Succeffor, John III, ailigned the Members a pro­per Place in the Palace, for them Meeting and Deliberations, previous to their coming to his Prefence, which was named the Cafmha, or little Houfe: And, till the Reign of K ing Se baft an, there was no Prefident at this Council, as the King always dilpatchcd with his Minifters; but the laid Prince created tins new Em­ploy, by appointing Don Joaon ¡he Melle, Archbifhop of Ever a, the firft Presi­dent, very much to the Difguft, and notwithstanding the Complaints, o f the Connie Hors.

T h z Defembargadores o f the Palace or the Minifters of his Majefty’s Council, bciides being Men eminent for Learning, are frequently fo by their Birth and Dignities, this Office not being incompatible with that of a Bifhop: As, in the Reign of King Maned, the Defembargadores o f the Palace, were Don Pedro Bifhop of Guarda, and Don Diego Pinhdro, B fill op o f Funchal; In the Tim e o f K ing John III, this Place was filled by Don Gonzalo Pinhetro, Biihop o f Tangier; with tins Circumftance, that the K ing gave it him in Recompence o f his Ser­vices, efpccially his good Behaviour in his Embaffy to the Court o f France, and in his Negotiation at Bayonne, as appears by the Grant given him in Lijbon, on the 14th of November, 1548 ; In the Reign o f King Sebajlian, it was occupied by the aforementioned, Don Joaon de Mello, afterwards Archbifhop o f Evora, railed to the Prefidency o f the laid Council, as has been obferved.

Omitting the other Privileges which the Defembargadores of the Palace now enjoy, I fhall only mention two very principal ones, viz. That they difpatch on Good-Eridiiy, feated with his Majefty, the Pardons which he grants to Delink quents, where there is no Party: And enjoy the Privilege o f Fidalgos, and Title - o f K ing’s Counfellors, and their Sons the Privilege of young Fidalgos j which is the fame as is given to the Children of Gentlemen with Titles, and Perfons of the prime Nobility.

This Tribunal Confifts o f a Prefident; ab uncertain Number o f Defembdrga- dores: Five Notaries of the Chamber; one of them properly Notary o f the Dif­

patch

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L . i$

i6patch of the Table, and the Diflribution o f Juftice; Another of the Divifion of Minfa and Iras os Montes, another o f the Divifion of Beira, the fourth Of the Divifion s of Aient Jo and Algarve, and the laft o f Efiremadura and Ultramar ; a Treafurer, Diftributer, and various other Officers of lefs Importance.

The high Court of Chancery, o f the Court and Kingdom, is fubjeil to this Tribunal; and is compofed o f a Chancellor, Vendor, fome Notaries, aTreafu- rer, Porter, and other Officers* ■

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

Court ofRcqucfe.

par, l.

Garcia de Re­tende, Cliron. del Rey D. Jo.ion. IT. «P-4Î-

Oidcn, liv. i , cap. 5.

Cafa da $upptica$aon, or C ourt o f R equ ests.

This is the greateft Tribunal o f Juftice in the Kingdom, as well for the civil as criminal, as it; is called in its Inftitution. It has its, Seat in Lijbm , in the Fabric which for many Years ferved as a Palace for the Kings of Portugal, be­fore the building that o f A lc a n a in the Reign o f K m g D in iz. Befidcs the ge- nerical Denomination of ReJacaon, which extends to the other Rela$aon$ of the Kingdbm and Conquefts, it has particularly the Appellation of Cafa da Suppli- ca$aon, by rcafon of the Petitions of Grievances, or Libelli JupfUces, which were preiented to the Kings when they went to this Court. T he faid Petitions o f Grievance gave Denomination to the Rela^aon o f Lijbon, but did not change its In dilution 3 for the aforefaid Court o f Requefts is alfo one- for civil Caufes, like that o f Porto-, and in the fame Manner the civil Court of Porto has a Relation, and a Tribunal of Grievances, as the Court of Requefts at Lijkon, without any other Difference than that o f Appeals, and o f the Lands or Provinces that be­long to it,

This Tribunal was infrituted in the Reign of King John I, and gave to it for Regent, Iris Nephew, Don Fernando de Guerra, afterwards Bifhop of Porto, and fucccffively Archbiihop of Braga, Grand ion o f the Infante Don Joaon, who was one o f the Sons o f King Pedro I. and Queen Tgnez de Cafiro; and he remained in the faid Employ till his Death, In its fuft Beginning he was called Prefi- dent of the Court of Requefts, who is now termed. Regedor das Jufticias (chief Juftice); as appears among other Memorials from the Grant of the aforefaid Precedency, made to Rodrigo Gomez de Aharenga, Father to Lopo Soares da AI- bergaria, Governor of India, which the famous jurift, Jorge de Cabedo, affirms to have feen in the Original.

This Court was held in various Places after -its firft Seilion in Lijbon, and, among others, in the Town of Lorres-Novas, where it fat in the Reign o f John IT 5 who made the Judges pafs to the City o f Evora, where they fentenced the great depending Caufe of the Duke of Bragan^a, in/the Year 1483.

The ordinary Jurifdifrion of this Tribunal extends to the Provinces of Efre- madura, Alentejo, and Algarve, as alfo to the D lftrifl o f Cafelhbranco, although comprehended In the Province of Beira. Befides this particular and ordinary Jurildidton, it hath the great Privilege to take Cognifance of the Grievances and Appellations of the civil Court o f Porto, in Caufes that palled from its A p ­peal; in fuch fort, that i f the Suits in the faid Tribunal exceed the Sums which are there mentioned, an Appeal lies from the Sentences there given, to the Court o f Requefts at Lijbon, where it is finally determined.

This Court o f Requefts alfo includes all thofe of Appeals } befides, the Re­view of Sentences in Eftates, that exceed the Value of three hundred and fifty M il Reh, and in Moveables that furpafs four hundred, according to the Law made by Pedro II, on the 26th of June, 1696.

This Tribunal is compofed o f forty Mlnifters, which the Statutes appoint in the following Order: A Chancellor; ten Ljejembargadores o f Complaints and Appeals; two criminal Corregedores o f the C o u rt; two ditto, in civil Affairs, alfo of the Court; two Judges of the Suits o f the Crown and Revenue; four Ouvtdores o f Appeals in criminal Caufes; a Procurator in Suits o f the Crown,

and

and another in thole of the Revenue ; a Judge o f the Chancery, a Promoter of Juftice, and fifteen extraordinary Dejhnhargadorcs; though iome few Years ago the Number of thefe latter were increafed to eighteen; and o f the four Ouvidores in criminal Caufes, two were taken away.

Thefe Minifters meet in a grand Saloon, and fit at feven Tables, in the fol­lowing Marnier. In the Middle of the Room, again ft the W all, and fronting the Door, ftands a great Table, at which the chief Juftice preftdes, lea ted on a backed Chair, under a Canopy; and on his Sides, on fluffed Rene lies, the ten Dcfembargadores o f Complaints; on the right Hand of this large Tabic, is placed another, for the two criminal Court Corregcdores: After this ftands a fecond, where the two Judges o f the Crown and Revenue aifift; and where alfo concur the K ing’s two Solicitors, and the Judge of Chapels likewife difpatches: A third Table follows for two of the extraordinary Dcfembargadores, who take Place here, as it is not given them at the other Tables for the joint Judges: On the left Hand of the great Table, is fixed one for the Dejhnbargadores o f Complaints; whither they defeend from the great Table, when the Dilpatch of the Petitions o f Complaints is finifbed there, that the Adis may here be palled, and received tlie one from the others, to fign the Determination of the Sentences which come regiftered from the Office o f the laft Judges: Next this Table ftands that o f the Ouvidores o f criminal Affairs, at which the Judge o f the Chancery alfo dif­patches : Finally, next this Table is a third, called that o f the Guefts, where the Judges of Accounts and Filcal attend, and where the judge Co/fervador of the Board of Trade iffed to dlfpatch before its Extinction; at this Table alfo the two civil Corregedorcs o f the Court have their Seats, when they go to Rela­tion.

S P A I N and P O R T U G A L .

Cafa do Civet, s Relacaon do Porto ; or, the C i v i l C o u r t , and of R e p o r t s inPorto.

This Tribunal is the fecond for Reports in this Kingdom, and its Difpatch com of ra­ve ry like that of the Court of Requefts at Lijbon, as its Irrftjtution expreffes: It l,orC3' was eftablilhed in the Capital by King John I, who appointed Pedro Lobato for orden. il. i , Regent. It is to be obferved that the Title o f Governor, which its Chief now 1 ' 3i‘ bears, was not annexed at its fuff Creation, but that of Regedor dajuflifta (chief CaiwjojDecis, Juftice); and Pedro Vaz de Melh was known by this Title in the Year 1461. In pa'' *' tire Reign of Alfonfo V, Gonyalo Vaz de Cajlelhbranco, Lord of VUlanov a de Porti- maon, was tire fuff that had the Denomination of Governor; who, in the Time of the faid Prince, or that o f his Son John II, ferved alfo as Vedor da Fazenda (Comptroller of the Revenue), andEjcrivam da Puridade. This Alteration tire Lawyer, forge de Cabedo, conjectures, was defigned that the Prefident o f the two Courts of Reports fhould not bear the fame T it le : And I have obferved, when fpeaking of tire Court o f Requefts, that the giving the Appellation o f Cafa do Civet to that of Reports at Porto, does not infer that it is irot alfo a Court of Grievances, and that criminal Caufes are determined in it, as in the Court o f Requefts or Reports at Lifbon.

This Court continued in its fuff Situation, till the Reign of Philip II. o f Spain, in whole Tim e it was moved to the City of Porto, at tire Inftance o f the Cortes o f fhomar, affembled in the Year 1581: Aird the faid Prince appointed for its Governor, Henrique de Soufa, afterwards Earl o f Miranda, one o f the il- luftrious Airceftors o f tire Houle of Hr ranches; but he being in Iris Minority, Ins Coufm, Pedro Guedes, Lord of Murca, ferved for fonre Tim e in Iris Head, and took Pofleifion on the 4th of January, 1583.

In its Jurii’diCtion are comprehended the Provinces of Entre-Douro and M'm- ho, Frafos-Montcs, and B a r a ; except tire Diftririt o f Cajlelhbranco, which is de­pendent on the Court o f Requefts at Lijbon, as nearer to this City. Its Appeals omen. iw. 1.

V o l . I L ' * F did

i8

TrcoJury.

did not, at the compiling of its Statutes, exceed tile Sum o f eighty M il Reis ft*. Efhltes, oi1 an hundred in Moveables; but at prelent (by the aforementioned Law of Pedro II, dated the 26th of June, 1696), it is extended on real E Hates to two hundred and fifty Mil Reis, and, on perfonal, to three hundred; the Sen­tences exceeding that Import, the Parries may appeal to the Court of Rcquefts.

The faid civil Court confifts (according to its Inftitution) of twenty four M inifters; which are, a Chancellor, eight Defmbargadorcs o f Complaints; a Corrcgedor of criminal, and another of civil Caufes; a Judge of the Suits o f the Crown and Revenue; three Ouvidores o f criminal Affairs, a Judge of Chancery, a Promoter of Juflice, fix extraordinary Dejbnbargadorej* and a Procurator of the Crown Suits: But in Procefs of Time, the Number of the Members o f this Court, have, like thofc of the preceding hue, been incre-afed, and are no\v- twenty three; a Corrcgedor o f criminal Caufes hath been added, one of the cri­minal Ouvidores is ordered to ferve as Judge of the Chancery, and one of the ex­traordinary Defembargadorcs bath been difeharged, fo that there now remain but five.

Confelho da Fazenda, or C o u n c i l o f the R e v e n u e or T r e a s u r y .

W as unknown in Portugal by this Name, till after the Entry of Philip I. In the preceding Reigns, it does not appeal* how the royal Revenue was managed, although it Is to be fuppofed that it had always fome Minifters to diredt it; till, in Procefs of Time, the Sovereigns created the Ollice of IF dor, lbmetimes with the Title of Comptroller of his, and at other Times with that o f the Kingdom’s Revenue.

The firft Vedorcs, of which we have any diftindt Notice, are in the Reign of King Feimando, where Mention is made o f the following ones, Joaou Gem calves, and Joaon Pannes de Almada, in the Year 1370; and an imperfedt Lift is given of them, by Don L u iz Gaetano de Lima, down to the Year 1503 : When we find that a FriUmvirate of Vedores was inftitnted by King Manuel, as appears by his Regulation of the 15th of February in that Year, though it is fuppofed that their Bufinefs was expedited by different Tribunals. . In the laid Regulation, exprefs Mention is made o f the three Vedores, and of the laid K ing’s fettling their Sa­laries at feventy M il Reis per Annum each, which Increafc imports two hundred and ten Mil Reis-, it aifo provided what is to be obferved in various particular Cafes, cfpecially when the three Vedorcs differed in Opinions. The Book of Rules and Ordinances concerning the Revenue of King Manoel, contains two hundred and forty three Articles j in which the Vedores, Coni adores of the Dif- tridls, Treafurers of the Cuftoms, Receivers, and what are called Ordinances of the Revenue, are treated of ieparately.

It fo continued during the Remainder of this Reign and the fubfequent ones, till that of Philip I; who, in the Year 1591, inftitnted the Tribunal, called now the Council of the Revenue, ordaining that it fhould be known by this N am e; and he appointed that all Matters relative to the royal Revenue fhould be tranf- actcd here, which till then had been treated of at fcveral Boards, viz. that of India, Africa, and of Accounts, The old Cuftom thus abolifhed, his Majefty would have but one Vidor (who was the Prefidcnt), and four Counfellors, with tile Obligation that two of them fhould be Lawyers; to thele he added four N o­taries of the Revenue, affigning them different Divifions. In the faid Inllitu- tioii (of the 20th of NovemberJ, the King, attending to the Circumftance o f there being four ¡Adores at the Time of Ins creating this Tribunal, ordered that each of them fhould fuccellively ferve the new Office for a Year, and, the three remaining unemployed, fhould be admitted into the Council of State; from which the actual Vedcr of the Revenue was excluded, as he was from all other Occupations, that lie might be more at Leifur-e to difebarge the Obligations of

his

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

his Fundtion: T he King alfo allowed them the Salary, and the other Em olu­ments of the Office, in thofe Y ears that they did not ferve as Veil ores.

This Difpolition o f Philip I, was followed by another of his Grandfon Phi- Up III, Anno 1632, in which he created a Prefidcnt of the Council of the Reve­nue changing the Title of Vedor in the Pcrfon of Diogo Lopez dc Soufa, fecond Earl o f Miranda, who continued till the Tim e of the Acclamation. In this Year 0/ 1632, and in the Reign o f the faid Philip HI. o f Portugal, and IV. of Spain,, Rodrigo Mendes Syha fuppofes the Abolition of three Vedorrs to have hap­pened ; but this is a manifeft Miftake, as may be feen in the aforementioned Or­dinance of Philip I, o f the 20th o f Nvuember, J591; and in the Alterations that John IV . made, by a Decree o f the 7th of January, 1641, and o f the 13 th of Fe­bruary, 1642, in which he ordered that there fliould be three Vedores of the Re­venue. Q ,

On the faid K'mgjobn the Fourth’s mounting jthe Throne, he reformed (aS hath been juft now obferved.) the Council of the Revenue, and reduced it to the Form o f its prefent. Exiftence., by reftdring the ancient LriumArate o f King Manor t which had been abolifhed by Philip I. So that the principal Affairs are divided into three Partitions, directed by the three Vedores o f the Revenue, viz. the D i- vtlion of the Kingdom ; that o f Africa, Accounts and Thirds; and the Divifton o f the Indian Magazines and Fleets.

Belides the three Vedcrcs mentioned, this Tribunal is compofed of feveral Counfellors, fome Lawyers, Icfembargadcres, and others, with the Diftindtion oh Capa e Efpada (Cloak and Sword), whofe Number is uncertain,- one Solicitor of the Revenue, four ordinary Notaries; to which are added l'ome fupernume- rary ones, to iupply the occafionai Impediments of the others; and feveral fub- altcrn Officers.

On this Tribunal feveral others are dependent, iuiz. that o f Accounts, that of tire CUftonis, that o f'the India Houfe and M ines; that o f tire Magazines, Lieutenancy, and the M in t: There alfo depend on it the feven Houfes, the wooden Palace, the Confulada, or Board of Trade, inland Cu(tornhoufes, and the Fives Houfe. Finally, by a Decree of King John V , of the ift of February, 1720, the Board o f Trade (inftituted by John IV.) was joined to the Council o f the Revenue.

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L

C H A V

20 D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

C H A P . V.

O f the Placet m the Law provided by the Kings Bench, except thofe of Reports,

In the two Cities of L isbon, eaftem and weitem.

'T T ' W 0 Corregedores of civil Affairs ^ o f the Court and City

Corrcgedor of the upper Quarter Corregedor of Vllfama Ouvidor of the Cuitoms Provedor of the Chapels Provedor of the Refidues

Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora, Juiz of the Orphans.

'There belo?igs to tins D ijlriff. Juiz de Fora of the Gokgana.

Fi Torres-Vedras. Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

There belongs to this D ifln ff. Juiz de Fora of Iff Ha-Franca.

In Thomar,Corregedor Provedor ju iz de Fora,

There belongs to this D ijlriff, Juiz de Fora of great Pedrogaon.

In Leiria.Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

There belong to this Dijlriff. Juiz de Fora of Pombal Juiz de Fora of Hours.

In Evora.Corregedor Provedor ju iz de Fora Juiz of the Orphans.

Corregedor of St. Paul Corregedor of the new Street Corregedor of the Rocio Judge of India and the Mines Supetintendant of the Tenths o f the

Bounds.

o f the Kingdom.

There belong to this D ijlriff.Juiz de Fora of Cabego de Vide Juiz de Fora of FJlremoz Juiz de Fora of Redondo Juiz de Fora o f Vianna Juiz de Fora of New-Montemor*

In Elvas.Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

i There belong to this Dijlriff.Juiz de Fora of Campomayor Juiz de Fora of Mouraon ju iz de Fora of Oliven$a.

In Portalegre.Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

There belong to this Dijlriff.Juiz de Fora oi Arronches ju iz de Fora of Gajlello de Vide Juiz de Fora of N iza Juiz de Fora of Marvaon.

In Aviz.Ouvidor Juiz de Fora.

There belong to this D ijlriff,Juiz de Fora of Benavente Juiz de Fora of Landroal Juiz de Fora of Coruche.

In the Diftridls o f the Provinces o f the Kingdom.

In Santarem.

In

S P A I N and P O R T U G A L . 21

In Beja.Provedor, who is alio named Correge-

doi‘ o f Faro, Q¿emira and Fringe}, mad Ouvidor o f the Order of thrift.

'There belongs to this JFiJiridi.Juiz dc Fora de Qdemira,

■ In Campo de Ourique. Provedor J'aiz de Fora.

There belong to this DiftriB.Juiz de Fora o f Almodovar ju iz de Fora o f Aljujler J uiz de Fora o f Mertoja.

■ AnSetuval.Ouvidor ■; - a . ., :Provedor .......... . ■ ■ ■:Juiz de Fora. .

There belong to this DiJlriB, w Juiz dc Fora o f Palmela Juiz de Fora o f Aldea-Gdilega j uiz de F ora o f Alcaeer do SaL ' ■ ■ .; ■

In Almada.Corregedor, who is the Ouvidor of Se-.

tuval, and alio, by efpecial Commif- fion, Corregedor of this Diftrift.

Juiz de Fora.

In Azeitaon.Ouvidor. ,

There belong to t'hid DijlrisL Juiz de Fora de Sezimbra and Barrelfo Juiz de Fora do Torraon Juiz de Fora de Santiago de Cacem.

In Porto,Corregedor Juiz de ForaJuiz dos Orfanos. r

In Vlanna. • ' ‘ : ’■Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora,

There belong to this DiJlriB.Juiz de F o ri o f Ponte de LimaJuiz de Fora o f MonfaonJuiz de Fora o f Villanova da Cerveira.

In Guimaraens,Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

i There belong to this DiJlriB i Juiz de Fora of Amarante Juiz de Fora of Bajlo.

In Caftellobranco.Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

There belong to this DiJlriB,.J uiz de Fora o f Cnflellonovo and AlpedrinhaJuiz de Fora of PenamacorJuiz de Fora o f S. Vicente da Betra.

In Coimbra.Confervador da UniveriidadeCorregedorProvedorJniz de Fora, ■

In Guarda,-. Corregedor 11 '.Provedor

Juiz de Fora.

There belong to this DiJlriB,' Juiz de Fora of Civilhana J u izd eF oraofth e Orphans o f faid Town Juiz de Fora of Gear

In Pinhiel.Corregedor Juiz de Fora.

There belong to- this DiJlriB.Juiz de Fora of Gajlello-Rodrigo Juiz de Fora of Freixo de Nernam Juiz de .Fora of Trancofo.

In Vifeu.; Corregedor Provedor J u iz de Fora:

There belongs tb.this DiJlriB.■ J u iz de Fora of Azurara.

In Lamego.Corregedor Provedor Juiz de Fora.

In Monte mo r o Velho'.Ouvidor Juiz de Fora.

There belong to this DiJlriB.Juiz de Fora o f Torres Novas Juiz de Fora o f Penella.

In Eigueira.Provedor.

Vot. IF There

D I S S E à T A T J O N S on'There belo tigs to ibtsDÌfirìcl-

Juiz de Fora o f Aveìro.

A/. Miranda.Corregedor Provedor Jatz de Fora.

There belongs Lo pins D ì f ir ici,J u is dé Fora oîAïgozo.

In Moneoryo. ■ ■ : Corregedor ..Provedor . .Juiz de Fora.

There belongs to this Difiridt. ... Juiz de Fora of Treixo da EJpada}& c.

In the Kingdom of AlgarvéJ Provedor of all the Kingdom Superbi tendant o"f tlie Tobacco..

In Lagos. ■ =Corregedor ' -Juiz dc Fora. - ,

There belong to. this DifirtSl..Jcûz, de. Fora of VUlanova de Pertinuion Juiz de Fora o f AÌbufeira,

/tfTavira,Corregedor Juiz de Fora.

There belongs; to this DifiriSl.Juiz de Ford.of Louie.

In the fame Provinces of the Kingdom, they alfa provide the following Pofis.

Auditor-genera! of the Province o f Aleniejo

Superintendant o f Tobacco o f the fa id Province J ' ’

Auditor-general-of the Province o f Beira

Superintendant, o f Tobacco o f the faid Province ;

Auditor-general o f thè Province ofMlnho

Superintendant o f Tobacco o f thè fald Province j

Auditor-general o f thè Province o[Tra- fos-Montes

' Superintendant o f Tobacco o f thè faid Provìnce ;

; Superintendant of Tobacco o f thè Dìf- trifts o f Cambra, Efgueira, and Lei- ria.

Jn thè ultramarine Parts.

Corregedor of thè Iilands.

There belong to thls DlfiriEl.

Juiz de Fora o f thè Iñand of Madeira Juiz de Fora of thè Ifland of S. Miguel Ouvidor o f thè Balota

i Juiz de .Fora o f thè faid City , Ouvidor o f Angola

Ouvidor o f S. Paulo Ouvidor of the River fiandra - .

'J u iz de Fora of thè faid City ' Ouvidor o f thè Villa do Prìncipe '■ Ouvidor o f Ourò Proto

Ouvidor o f thè Kiver das Mortes -Ouvidor o f thè Rivèr das Velhas Ouvidor o f Parnambuco Juiz de Fora of thè: faid City Ouvidor o f thè Capitanía das Alagoas Ouvidor o f Seregipe del Rey Ouvidor o f Par alba . . •Ouvidor o f Para Ouvidor o f Maranhaon Ouvidor of Cape Ter de Ouvidor o f S. Thomas

’ Ouvidor o f Mazagaon Juiz de Fora of Saints

..Ouvidor o f Cerro do Brìo Juiz de Fora o f thè Villa do Carino,

C H A P . :

S P A I N AND P O k t U G A L. ¿i'

C H A P. VI.

O f the principal Officers of the Palace and Kingdom.

P R E V I O U S to my giving the Lift o f the fajd Employs, I mufl advert lie my A Reader, that many o f tire ancient ones have been abrogated; and others in- flituted: And though an Enumeration of the former would now be fuperfluous, were they not fometimes mentioned in this W ork, and that I purpofe fhall fol­low it, o f the Portugucfe Hiftory, i f I am encouraged thereto by a kind Accep- tation pf my Labours from the Public; I have therefore thought proper to omit none, moife elpeclally as a Defcription of tlie non-exifting Employs w ill occa- fion tlie Addition o f but little Paper, fo they follow alphabetically, and are dif-i tinguiftted. from thofe that are now in Being, by an AjlcAJk, th u s ,* .

Adail mor, Scout-mailer - - J - *Alfaque mbr, Chief Redeemer of Cap­

tives - - - - - - - *Alfercs mor, Chief Eniign-------- of tlie Infante - - - - *-----— o f the Mafteriliip o f the Older'

o f ChriilAlmirante, Admiral Almotace mor, Chief Caterer where the

Court refides, and Commiffioner o f Bridges, Caufways and Roads

Annadel mor, General o f Dragoons *■--------------- o f the Crofs-bow-men o f

the Chamber.— -— —----- o f ditto of Horfe - *

o f the Firelock-men % o f the Spear-men ., - . *

Apofentador mor, Chief Harbinger - Annador mor, or Armeiro mor, . Chief

ArmourerCapt dor mor, Chief Fowler - ■ - . * Gamereiro mor, Chief Chamberlain

o f the Prince- - * o f tire Infantes *

Capellaon mor, Chief ChaplainCapitaon da Guar da, Captain of the

; GuardCapitaon mûr do Reyno, Chief Captain

. o f the Kingdom - - - *

. ; . .ditto of the Sea*ditto o f the light

V .':" Horfe '- *ditto, of the Gal-

'. . ' ’ lies - - *

Cavadeiro mor, Baggage-mailer Chancelier mor, Cliief Chancellor D \ do Algarve, ditto of Algarve - *Chronijia mor, Chief Chronicler Condejlavel, Conilable - - - - *Contador mor, Chief Auditor Copeiro mor,. Chief Cup-bearer Coudel mor, Chief Leader and of the

StudsCoutiero mor, Chief Park-keeper Efcrtvaon Ja Camera, Notary of the

Chamber - - - - - - - *of tlie Revenue .* of the Council of the Queen, ‘ * of the Infante. *

Ejmokr mor,. Chief Almoner EJlribeiro mor, M ailer of the Horfe Falcoeiro mor, Chief Falconer - - *Eronieiro mor do Algarve, Chief Fron­

tier Officer o f Algarve - * Governador da CaJ'a do Ctvel, Governor

. o f the Civil Court -of the Princefs’s Court - * of the moil excellent Lady* o f the Infante - - - *

Guar da mor, Cliief Guard. * - - * of. the Infante, i " ' *

. ' ' ' o f the Tow er o f ‘Tom-. .._ y [,0 ^

MarichqJ, Martha! ' ' - -, - - . - *Meirliipo mor, C liicf jpuftice !Mejlre de A v iz, Mailer o f the Order o f

" A v iz - *Mejlre

D I S S E R T A T I O N S onMe/lre, Malier of the Order of Chrill *

of the Order o f San­tiago - - - - *

Mefirc Sala, Mailer o f Ceremonieso f the Prince - * o f the Queen - * o f the Infanta *

Monte tro mSr, Chief Huntfman Mor domo mor, Chief or High Steward

of the Queen of the Princefs

Facet ro mor> Superintendant' o f the 1 Works of the K ing’s Palaces - *

Pagern mär, Chief Page - *Portelro mor, Gentleman Ufher Prove dor das Obras, Chief of the W orks Preveder mSr dos Cativos, Chief Com-

miifary of the .Slaves - - .-■ *Rege ilo r da Cafa da Supphcaçaon, Ruler

o f the Comt ö f RequcflS Rege dor da faßt f a na Beira, Chief Juf-

tice in Beirapjytùr da Univafuiade de Coimbra, Rec­

tor of the Univerfity of Coimbra

Peptßeiro mor, Chief o f the Eedcham-ber to die Queen * - - - - *

Sobre Juiz, Upper Judge - - - ®Sumilber, Chaplain o f Honour, or

Bbdy Squirefbefoureiro mor, Chief Treafurer - * frinebante, CarverFedor da Fazenda, Comptroller o f the

Revenueo f the Revenue

o f Algarve * o f the Qrpeeris

Palaceo f thé Prince’s * o f the Infante’s * o f the Infanta’s *

Fedor das Obras, e Rejidos, Comptroller o f the W orks and Reiidues - *

Fedor das ArtUbarias Como ti'tulo de Mar, Comptroller o f the Artillery, with die Title of Chief - *■

TJchaon did Rey - - - - - - #of the Prince *

Aduli MSr.

This Office was in ftituted. and introduced to die Kingdom (as Manosi Beverini de Faria fuppofeth) by King Alfonfo V, taken from the Exercife of it in the Wars in Barbary, where it was ufed in the Places gained from the Moors, after. the Capture of Ceuta, The Obligation of the Employ was to difeover the Camp with fonie Horfe : And though it is ex tin ft in Portugal, it itili ex ills in Maza- gaon, with the T id e of Scout-mailer of the Fortrefs, but not with that o f chief,

Alferes MSr.

This Employ is lo ancient in Portugal, that, in the Government of the Earl Don Henri que, Mention is made of Don Fafes Luz, with the Title o f Alferes. The Preeminences o f the Office were fo confiderablc in thofe early Times, that, divided afterwards into die Employments o f Conftablc and Marihal, it conili- tuted thofe two great Polls. The chief Chronologer, Fr. Antonio Brandaon (confirmed by a W riting of Sancbo I, dated in March, u 8 6 ) fays, there were formerly two widi the fame T id e ; o f which one carried the royal Standard in Battle ; but the other was properly the chief Alferes o f the Kingdom, as well in W ar as Peace, and ufed to bear die royal Flag in the Cortes and at the Pro­clamation of Kings : And it is this latter Part o f the Office that now only re­mains.

Almirame.

Report hath commonly named Don Funs Roupinbo for the fir it Admiral of Portugal, in the Reign of King Afonfo-Henriques ; but the abo venienti on ed Fr. Antonio Brandaon does not diftinguiili him by any other T id e than that o f Cap­tain, in deferibing the Viftory that lie obtained over xht-Moors, at a little Dif- tance from Cape Efpicbel, in the Year 1180: And it really appears more conform­able to hiitoiical Truth, to attribute the T id e of Admiral to a later Reign, and to iuppofe the Introduftion of it in that Kingdom to be at the Period when their

Historians:

a5Hiftorians afterwards were applying it to Perfons who had anteriorly commanded the naval Forces o f the Kingdom. And not a little W eight is given to this Con- jedture, by thè Coliiideration, that though the Court o f France is fo ancient, the Name of Admiral was not mentioned in it till the Year 1270, when Fioren­do de Farennes occupied this Pod, as Father Anfelmo writes, in his H idory of the highed Offices o f that Crown : But what yet more confirms this Belief, is, tliat, till the Reign of King Dennis, the Title o f Admiral is not met with in all the Grants, or other W ritings of thofe Times ; which arc the mod irrefragable Documents, in which the Yerachy of this Hidory are founded.

In the Rules which King Dennis p refe ribes for this Office, it is appointed that the Admiral be fo called, 11 becaufe he is, and ought to be, Chief or a Leader cc o f all thofe who go in Gallies or Ships to war at Sea, and to have as great <( Power and Authority as i f die King was prefent.” The Prerogatives o f tins Office may be feen in Notici as dc Portugal of Ma noe l Severim de Faria, and in the Sexta Parte da Monarchia Lufitania do Chronijta mor F r . Frandfco Brandaon : W hich lad Author makes a Difference between Admiral and chief Admiral; pretending, that chief Admiral was the -fame as General o f tile Fleet o f Ships of the L ine; whilft the Admiral, without the Addition of chief, correfponded to the General o f the Gallies. There is like wife in Portugal the Office of Admiral of the Indimi Seas; -Which-was created by King Mamed in Favour of Don Vafco da Gama (the great Difcovei-er-of the Eajl-Indies), afterwards fil’d Earl of PIdtgueira, in whofe Family it hath continued ever fi nee : And beildes tliefe -two Admirals, there are thofe which the Kings appoint for their Fleets.

Ahnotace Mor.

Though this Employ is more modern than the preceding ones, yet it m ud be counted and-ient. Its Obligations and Preeminences remain noted in the Sta­tutes o f the Kingdom; and are reduced to provide with all Neceffaries the Places Lib. 1. nt.is. In -which the Court refides-; and to take Care to preferve the Bridges, Caufeways and Roads, for five Leagues ’Didance. In fonie Memorials, Mention-is made of this Office in the Reign o f K in g Dennis and Affbnfo IV, and Nun 01 Fern an des Cogominho named: But this pretended Antiquity -hath a droiig Argument agaiiid it ; which is, that the Chronologer, Fr. Frandfco Brandaon, frequently taking Notice o f the laid Nuno Fernandes, with the Titles of chief Admiral to King Dennis, and of Chancellor to the Infante Don Affonfoi never remarks that of Alinotade mor ; which would not have efcaped the Obfcrvation of fo. diligent a Writer,'.had there been any. Truth in ,the Adertion. In the Reign o f King John I, founen^o do Rego and F i lippe ■ Dani e 1 were termed Almotaceis mores o f Lif~ hone, but fome. pretend the .Office had not then the fame Predicament as nowf nor enjoyed-the-fame Privileges.

Annadd Mor.

Tills Office .hath been ever fince the Reign o f King Fernando ; and under which Denomination theterhath been great Varieties, .but all long fince extin- guifiied; therefore I ffiall not ,enlarge about them.

' ' Apofentador Mor.

According to the general Accounts that have.reached us, this Employ had its Beginning in the Reign1 o f King John I. (though he was yet only M ader of the Order of ^ rò q j,.a littie above a Year after the Death of ■ K ing: Perdinan do. But the--Cori jedriireffirffioint o f the Tim e of its Inititution fee ms ill-founded, as thè Embaraffinents with. Vhich'-the Mader bad then to druggie, did’not leave him room toJ think of creating - new- Offices a ;T he principal Bufmefs 'and Obligation b ftk is Pbdffwàs,. ■ to: provide Lodgings fo r the Kings -in their Jouifiies ; and- to -■ Worn II. * H determine

S P A I N And P O R T U G A L .

2Ó

determine Difputes that might ¿rife concerning the Entertainment o f Perions following the Court. The firil Title of this Employ appears to have betnP«/-

fadormèr, much the fame in Signification with th^Apojintador mor.

Annador Mor, or Armsiro Mèr,

The Title o f Armetro mèr is the fame with that o f Annador mot, ulèd in the ancicnter Times ; infomuch that the firfh A nidro mar that we find with this Title, is, Don Durate da Cojia, in the Reign o f John III. The Obligation of this Officer (as appears from the Regulation given by King Mantel) does not only confili in taking Care of the warlike Arms appertaining to his.Majefly, but to provide Officers to work them in different Parts of the Kingdom, and to grant them the Privileges which in the faid Regulation is directed. There is likevvife a W riting of John II, of the iff of July, 14845 in which his Majcfty fays, that he had adjlifted with Fernaon Affonfo, his Armourer, “ that we deli- i£ vering him an hundred Stand of long Anns, and as many under as we pleafe, i( of Helmets, Breaft-plates, &e. all clean, that he ihall thenceforward keep “ them fo, and io deliver them to AgoJUnho Caldeira, our Armador mori'

Chador Mór. s

This Office was different from that o f Monteiro mor-, the firil being confined to Fowling, and the other to Hunting 5 and both in Procefs o f Tim e were united in the latter. This Office of Candor mèr feems to have been the fame with that of Falcoeìro mór, o f which the Chronicles of King Fernando fpeak, and mentions therein Joaon Gonsalves as fuch, to the Year 1370, and afterwards Gi­raldo Fernandes - and we are confirmed in this Belief by King John I l l ’s Order, o f the 23d o f June, 1533, to pay a certain Sum to Don Joaon de Alarcaon (whom he calls his Ca^ador mèr), in Satisfaction of an equal Sum, advanced by him the preceding Year, for Payment of fix Falcons; and it is not likely that he fliould have made tills Diiburfement, but for Things appertaining to his Office, and not to that m another’s Province. T he Regulation of the Caqadores mores was made by K ingfebaflian, Anno 1568, and almoft all relating to Falcons ; which puts the Suppofition, of Faicoeiro mor and Cffador mor being the fame, beyond all Doubt.

Camcreiro Mor.

The firil appointed to this Employ, it is faid, was Joaon Fernandes, in the Reign of Affonfo ; though, without Doubt, this Office was in Portugal previous to this Nomination, as it appears to have been in Spain Under the Goths Govern­ment: But it feems to have been difeontinued in the Reign of King Dennis, from its not being mentioned among the various chief Offices in the Writings o f thofe Tim es, yet it mull have been revived again by that Prince’s SucceiTors, as we find a long Lift of Camereiros mores in the faid Memorials. This Office is now exercifed by Gentlemen of the Bedchamber, whofe Number is unlimited: And there was likewife, in feveral Reigns, the Office of Camerelro mèr exercifed in the Families of the Princes and Infantes 5 as alfo that of only Camereiro, as well in thefe as in the Kings, by Pcrfons o f the moll diftinguiihed Nobility- which I mention to jfiiew that the Titles were different : But thefe Employs are now all extinfl.

Capellaon Mór. Y '

Some Authors pretend that this Office was the Creation o f Affonfo V -T but, on examining the Chanceries of feveral of his Predeceffors, it appears to'have been much more ancient, even from the Foundation of the Kingdom.

The Motive for attributing the Inffitution to this Prince, was probably from the1 Delire he deuionftrated to augment the W orlhip of the royal Cfiapèl with a

greater

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L . s7greater Number o f Priefts and Singers, as Fr. Francifco Brandaon writes, for which he obtained a Brief from Pope Evgeni us IV, expedited in the Year 1439, and he ordered a Copy to be procured from England o f the Ceremonial ufed in thofe Kings Chapels; but we may fuppofe this rather to be attributed to the Tim e of the Regency of the Infante Dow Pedro, his Uncle, for, in the Year 1439, AJfonp was only feven Years old. This Intention, John II. afterwards put in Execution in 1494, ordaining, that tlie royal Chapel ihould remain in the Furm as before, and that its Scat was at that Time in the Palaces of Evora.

In the early Reigns, it does not appear that the royal Chapels were in the Palaces; but the contrary is certainly known of lome, as the famous Antiquary Gaj'par EJ/aqo affirms, that Sania Maria ds Guimaracm was the Chapel ufed by the C3p- as- Earl Don Henrique, and the Kings Afbnjb, EL'ariques, and Sancho I. But in T i m e King Dennis ordered (as Fr. Francifco Bran ¿non writes), that there fhould Monarch, be a royal Chapel in the Palaces o f Lipón Cattle, or Alcaqova, in which the ca- cip.+i/pir.;! nonical Hours ihould be recited in the Chapel o f St, Michael, and that a quoti­dian Mafs íhóuld be faid, although their Majefties were abfent; and this Refo- lutlon o f King Dennis is o f the 10th o f January 1299, Don foam Martins is Soalhaem being BiJhop o f Lijhon, and it ib continued for fome Tím e: But the W arm th of fo laudable a Zeal growing cool and rendís, the Inilitution was re­newed by K ing Disrate, and the Chaplainihip prelented by him to Affbnfo Fícente (Servant to his Brother, the Infante Don Henrique) Anno 1437.

In the fame Manner that King introduced the Cuflom of reciting thecanonical Hours in his Palace at Lipón , he had it performed in that of Santa- ran, on the 4th of March in the faid Year 1299, in another Chapel of St. Michael, founded by King Afbnfo-Henriques, in Memory o f a Victory he obtained over the K ing of Seville, Anno 117 1 , by the fuppoled Protection o f this Archangel: He likewife ordered afterwards that there fliould be Chaplains, with the fame Obli­gation, in the Chapels of Alenquer and Eorres-Vcdras, as the abovementioned Fr.Francifco Brandaon informs us.

T he Authority o f thefe Examples prohibits our fuppofing that K ing Mamet was the firft who ordered a Chapel in his Palace; but, on the contrary, we can­not doubt, that on this Prince’s palling from the Palace o f Alcaqova to that o f Ribcira, which he built for a royal Habitation, he direélly formed Ids Chapel therein.

The royal Chapel o f this lait Palace hath had different Settlements; which, from die Documents we have feen, it appears they have happened in the fol­lowing Order.

Its firit Situation was in the Ploufe, which is now the Tribunal o f the Table of Coufcience, from whence it was removed in the Year 1581; and, remaining in that Place, the fubfequent Infcription was placed under the Pifture of St.Lbomas, which is above the Prelldent’s Seat:

D e o O p t i m o M a x i m o

Sub honors D iv i Fboma Apofloli,Hie Rex Emmanuel Capellam Regiam

Dicavit, & tranjlata fu it Anno — ! 58 1. —

- Locum profanari vet at religio.

T ill that Tim e the Pariih o f S. Julian ferved as a Pariih o f die royal Palace, as Jorge Cnrdop affirms, in his Agiologio, Tom . 3. Pag. 324,

The fecond Seat or Place was in the Court, which is now called the Court o f the Chapel, unto the Year 1619; when Philip HI, coming from CajHk to Por­tugal, commanded it to be taken away from the faid Court, and put in the Pa­lace above, where it now is; and, after this Removal, the Court was filled with

Shops.

Shops. This appears from a Juftification of Laurence Pires cíe Carvalho (Oveyc feer of the W orks), made in the Year 1622, which is in the Pofieffion o f the Earls o f Sourc, Heirs of the Houfe of die faid Overfeers; wherein it is fair!, that, with the Removal o f the Chapel, tire Court was filled with Shops, and remained enlarged.

The third Situation was m the Place where it now frauds, fir ft' dignified by John V. with the Title of the illuftrious Collegiate of St. Thomas, and after of tire f afile and patriarchal Church, as I have mentioned in another Place.

In fotne Memorials we likewile read that the royal Chäpel was lome Tim e in the Hall, at prefertt called that o f the Germans, whofe Altar was where the Image of Clrrifr Hands now, and the Place is yet preferved that ferved for the Tribune dr Inelofutre to the Altar: But, without contefting the Credit o f thefe

.Memorials, I mult confefs my Ignorance of the Tim e when the Chapel Royal was fettled here; for from the preceding Irtfcription it is feen, that, from its Foundation, it was .in the Place of the Table of Confdence, until the Year 1581; and it alfo appears, from the above-recited Juftification, that it was in the Court (of Sqiiarc) before tile Year lórq, ill which it Was removed to the pre­fen t Situation.

W hill! the Chapel Royal was kept in the Fudefcan or German Hall, fome al­ledge that a grievous Irreverence was offered to the confecrated Hoff, by a He­retic ; in Atonement for which pretended Crime and Infult, it is faid there are always two lighted Torches in the royal Chapel and the n t h of December,J 55 2, in the Reign o f John III, is affigned as the Day of Offence. But we may juftly prefume that this Hifroiy, and the Chapel’s Removal here, have the fame Foundation in Truth.

The chief Priors of Santa Cruz o f Coimbra (according to Jorge Cardofo, and the Chronologiíf, D . Nicolao de Santa Mariä) eXerciied the Office of chief Chap­lains during the Tim e of the Chapel Royal's being there; and the Author da Hijloria Benedidfina gives the Title of Kings Chaplains to the Abbots o f S. John de Alpendorada; And, looking back on more remote Ages, D oftor Fr. Bernardo

ScS. p;irtf da de Brito did not Temple afligning to the BifhOps o f Dime, the Title o f chief Lufit. id, c. Chaplains to the Siicvian Kings.cap- n- There hath been alfo thofe who have Ílippofed that the Title o f Clérigo del

Rey, found in many ancient W ritings, correiponded to that o f Capellaon mor: But Fr. Frandfeo Brandäon exprefily fays, that the faid Title of- Clérigos del Rey, arofe from their difpatching with "the Kings, in an Employ appertaining to Ec- clefiatlics; fo that the faid Clergymen were called ecclefiaíücal Judges, or D e-

ßmbürgadores-, and it is fo exprelfed, fpeakmg of the Bifhop of Evora, Don D u- par-5- ri.,6. faón Paes, who enjoyed liich a Pofr for many Years in the Reign of Affo?fo III.

The greateft Difficulty is in feparating the chief Chaplains from the fimpk Chaplains, of which a large Number are found in ancient Writings ; as in the carlieft Reigns, tile Word chief was not mentioned, neitlier *m this Office, nor in feveral others of the Palace and Kingdom. However, the famous Antiquary, Father Manoel Caetano de Soufa, gives us a Lift o f the former, in his learned and ingenious Manufcripts- and it is by others fuppofed, that tlie Antiquity of cbicp Chaplains is equal to the Eftablifhment o f the Kingdom, or rather to its Separation from the Dominion, o f Gaß He, made by Affbnfo V I, in Favour o f his Daughter, Queen Tareja, Mother of King Affbnfo-PLenriques : And the firft that was diftinguifhed with this Dignity in tlie'Kingdom,-was Don Payo Men des, who was likewile Chancellor to‘-the faid Queen, and afterwards Prelate o f the Church 6f Braga. . . . . . .

2g D I S S E R T A T I O N S o*

Capitam

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L .Capitaon Mor do Rcyno, or Capitaon Mor do Mar,

Thefe two Titles arc fynonymous, and denote but one Office, as will appear by the feveral fubfequent W ritings 1 fliall have Occafion to quote. T he Crea­tion of this Employ was in the Reign o f King Ferdinand, till when it is no where mentioned; and the firft Capitaon m(>r, as well of the Kingdom as Sea, was Con­cilia Tenrciro, T he faid Prince being in his Capital, gave him, on the 25th of July, 1373, Aljer, with its Borders, and other Lands; and, on the 25 th o f Decem- buy 1378, he gave him fome Houfes in L tjh n , in the Pariih o f St, Thomas; and in both the Letters patent of thefe Grants, he is called Capitaon mSr of the Fleets, On the Death o f King Ferdinand, Goneyalo Tenrdi'O went to Cafils, where he took oil him the Title o f Mafier o f the Order of Chrf-, for wliich K ing John I. (wliilft M ailer of A o iz) confifcated all his Eifates, and gave them to Ruy Freire, as ap­peal’s by his Grant, of the 17th of June, 1384, which the faid Prince confirmed to him when he mounted the Throne.

In the faid Reign o f K ing Fernando, Joaon Foam, a Cafilian Gentleman, who had entered into his Service, had the Poft of Captain of the Fleet conferred on him (but without the Title o f chief Captain), and exercifed his Poii at the Time when. Admiral Lanqarote Pajfanha would not confent to Iris oppofmg the Cafilian Gallies Entrance into the Port of Lijhon; for winch Behaviour of the Admiral, the K ing deprived him o f his Poll, and gave it to Joaon Affonfo Tdb, Earl of Barcdlos, and Brother to Queen Leonor.

T h e Example which I now relate, does not contradict what I have before affi firmed, that Goncalo Tenreiro was the firft Capitaon mor of the Fleets; For in cafe that the Poft o f Joaon Focim was the lame in point o f Command* he had not the T itle o f chief Captain, but fimply that o f Captain ; and not with Handing that in many o f the ancient Offices and early Times, the Title o f chief vtaa not made Ufe of, yet as thefe Examples were in the fame Reign, the Difference occafioned thereby feems /ery reafonable.

It is not eafy to difeover what was the Jurifdidtion of this Poft in the firft Reigns : Manoel Severim de Faria believed it independent of the Adm irals; and adds, that he thought the Exercife o f the Function was only in their Abfence. But the Cafe above referred is convincing o f the contrary; and this is corrobo- rated by the K ing’s Impunity of Captain Joaon Focim, which would not have hap­pened, had not the Captain o f the Fleet been fubject to the Admiral’s Orders, who was puniihed for not permitting the other to do his Duty,

T he Precedency of the Admiral to the chief Captain, is alfo feen in the Ac­count that the Author o f the Eighth Part da MonarchicFLufitana gives o f the Fleet which King Fernando ordered againft the Cafiliam , in July, 1381; where he fays, that Don Joaon Affonfo Tdb, Earl of Barcdlos, the Admiral, embarked in the royal Galley; Goncalo Tenreiro, the chief Captain, in another; and other Gen­tlemen in the reft.

T he Admiral and chief Captain likewife concurred on other Occaiions; as iii the Expedition againft Ceuta, according to the Chronologer, Fernaon Lopes: But as King John in Perfon commanded the Gallies, and the Infante Don Pedro the Ships, no Argument can be drawn of Precedency on. this Occafion. In the Ex­pedition againft ‘Tangier, in the Reign o f K ing Durate, when the Infantes alfo commanded, Aharo Vaz de Alma da, chief Captain, embarked; but no Mention is made of the Admiral.

In Procefs o f Time, the Kings trufted their maritime Forces to the chief Cap­tains, without permitting the Admirals to exercife their Functions, though they preferved to them the Title o f their Poft; and often Command was given to 'bme Generals appointed for certain Expeditions,

VOL. II. * I In

D I S S E R T A T I O N SI on111 the Year 1384, the Mailer de A v iz being Regent o f the Kingdom, there

failed a Fleet from the City of Porto, to fcour die Coail o f Galicia ; in which em­barked the chief Captain, Earl oiTrafamara, who had cotne over to Portugal; Rut there was no one who had the Foil of Admiral in it- on die contrary, this: was become void by the Death, given a little before in Be;a, to the abovetnon-; iioned Admiral, Lanqaroie Paffanha, under the Suppofition of his being-partial;, to Queen Leonor. In another Fleet which failed a little before in the fame Year, from Lisbon for Porto, Gongalo Rodrzques de Soufa ( Alcaide mor o f Monjaraz), went for General, named by the Infante Regent, but without the Title o f chief Captain. :

On John I ’s afeending the Throne in 1385, among other Offices that mediately ordained for his Palace and Kingdom, was that o f chief Captain of the* Sea, in Affonfo Furtado de Mendoza, often filled <£ chief Captain of Portugalf as is feen in a Letter o f Legitimation of lbme of his Children'by die K m g iin Lisbon; on the 25th o f OBober, 13 90; and at other.Times, “ chief Captain of our Fleet,” as appeal's from the Chancery in the following Year. In fome of the Annals of this Prince, the Title o f ci chief Captain of the Fleet,,” isdikewife given to the faid Affonfo Furtado. . ':

In the fame Reign of John I, Aharo. Vaco, or Vafque dr Almadai had the Poffi o f chief Captain of Portugal, the King appointing him with this T itle ; at other Times he was called chief Captain of our Kingdoms, and fomctlmes only chief Captain. In the Reign o f King Durate, he exercifed the Office of chief Cap­tain of the Sea, in the Infante's Paffage to Africa, in the Year 1437, as appears m die Hiitory o f that Prince; he was alfo Earl of Abrancbes, and continued for fome Part of the Reign o f Affonfo V, as is feen by the Grant which he made him, the yth of April, 1440, o f Alcaide mor o f Lisbon. And thefe Titles continued va­rying in the abovefaid Manner, till the Reign o f King Manoel; from which Pe­riod little remains 011 Record about them, this Poll being only mentioned on particular Occafions; As, in fending his Daughter, the Infanta Donna Brites, to Italy, he named the firfl Earl of Villanova, for chief Captain and Governor o f all the Fleet which carried her, in 1521, for her Elpoufals with Charles III. Duke of Savoy, though Damian de Goes, in Ills Chronology, calls him Gene­ral of the Fleet.

Capiiaon, ou General das Gales.

T he Captain, or General o f the Galleys, is a more modem Creation; o f which no Memorial is difeovered before the Reign o f John III, though the Gallies were the firft naval Forces the Kingdom had. Anciently their Chief had no other T itle than that of Captain, as Fr. Antonio Brand non calls him Don Funs Roup- him, in (peaking of the Victory gained by him over the Moors, at a little Dif- tance from Cape de Efpicbel, hi the Year 1180. In Time, the Diftindtion o f Ad­miral was introduced, without the Addition of chief and this, fuppofed to be­long to the Commander o f the Gallies, whilft the Monofyllable was joined to the Title of the Admiral o f the Ships; though the Authors who aflert it, do not declare the Foundation of the Difference. In the Reigns of Affonfo IV . and Fer­nando, the Gallies went on various Expeditions, and (as appeal's) were .com­manded by Admirals; but afterwards they were fubjetl to chief Captains of Sea,

-as been obferved: .And, finally, by the Changes, the Government hath un­dergone, this lail Title became long ago extindf.

Capitaon Mor dos Ginotes.

This Office was inftituted in the Reign of Affonfo V , and fometimes the Title alio o f chief Captain of the Jennet. Guards : It is .true, that, in the Reign of King Durate, and the Expedition of the Infantes to Tangier, it is faid, that Gon->

(¡alo

S P A I N A N b P O R T U G A L . 3 *

talo Podriques de Soufa fhatl dr i embark with three hundred Jennets, to reconnoitre the Enemy’s Camp j which Name Jennets, rauft a rile from the Phrafe ufed in that Age, being the fame as Horfes now. The Laid Guard wras compofed o f two hundred Horfe, ferving both in W ar and Peace, efpecially in the Kings Joumies.This Employ continued without Alteration, either in the Title or Exercife, till the Reign of K ing belaßt an 1 when it is fuppofed to have been extinguifhed, as no Mention thereof is made in any Memorial later than that.Timei

Capitaon da Guarda.

Tlris Poft had its Beginning by Appointment from the aforefaid Prince, Don Scbaßian-, as till then their Portugitcfe Majefties had no other Guard than Ho lie to accompany them, efpecially in their Joumies, and were commanded by an Officer, called Captain or chief Captain of the Jennets, as is juft now men­tioned : But this Place is not only different from the laft mentioned, but alfo from that of chief Guard, as I Until demonftrate in its proper Place.

T h e laid D on Schaß tan created a Portuguefe Foot Guard, vulgarly called Ma­lar deiros (Halberdiers), which was continued by King Henrique; and Philip I, on mounting the Throne, prefeived it unaltered for fome Tim e, but afterwards abolifhed it, and created in the room a German Guard, which he gave to Cardi­nal Albert his Nephew: And this lafted through the Reigns of the three Spa­nißt Monarchs, for the Viceroys and Governors whom they let over the Kingdom.

W ith the Change of Government, there was alfo a Change of Guards ; for,- John IV . bringing his particular Guard which he had in V'tUa-Vicofa with him, he incorporated it with the German j but foon again feparated them in two Corps, making two Companies o f Guards, one German, and the other Portuguefe: In Tim e the faid Prince added a third Company, deftined for Don Fheodofius; and ever fince the Paid three Companies have fubfifted unaltered, and been commanded always by the Herrs of thole tp whom they were then given.

CondeflavcL

T he Office o f Conftable, according to the Rules o f its Inftitution, is the fu- perior Poft, and of the greateft Honour and State, that there is in the Hoft, ex­cepting him who is Lord of it; becaufe it appertains to the Conftable to regu­late its van Guard, and who hath the Direction in tire greateft and molt nota­ble Things which are to be done m it. This Superiority, that his Commillion gives him, difpenies with the Neceffity o f enumerating the many Preeminences o f tire Poft, more efpecially as it is now only exercifed on the Meeting o f the Courts, and Swearing the Sovereigns or the Prince Succeftor, at which the greateft Perlons of the Kingdom aÜtft, with the royal Sword, which was the Eniign of the Office.

Its Creation was in the Reign o f Don Fernando, on the Earl o f Cambridge's coming to this Kingdom; where, till then, the chief Eniign ufed to difebarge the Function of Conftable. On this Occafion tire King inftituted the firft Con­ftable of Portugal, in the Perfon of Don Alvaro Pires de Caßro, Earl o f Arrayohs, and Brother to Queen Tgnez de Caßro, fecond W ife to Peter I.

He was fucceeded by the great Nuno Alvar es Pereira, Earl o f Ourem and Bar- cellos, appointed by John I, on Iris being rarfed to the Throne, by the Cories o f Coimbra: And lb. great was. the Honour of this Employ, that, on the Earl’s Death, .tire faid Prince gave it to his Son, the.Infant Don Joaon; whofe Exam ­ple was followed by feyeral lubfequent Kings, as many o f their Sons, and other the greateft Peifonages in the Kingdom, were conftituted Conftables, till, the Office ceafed on John IV ’s corning to the Crown, except occafionally m great Functions : As, on iwearing the laid Prince and Affbnjb V I, Anno 1656 ; when the three States, in the Year 1668, conferred the Regency on Don Pedro-, in the

j Cories,

Cortes, aflcmbled Anno i 697, to acknowledge and confirm the A ft made in Fa­vour of the Prince, Heir and SuccefTor to Peter II; and alfo to the fwearing in o f JolmV, 1707; and on leverai other Occaflons, for Brevity omitted.

Gopeirb Mor.

Some Authors pretend that this Office commenced in the Reign o f King Af- fonfò-Henriqués, and exprellly cite Per noon Peres (a coniìderable Perfori in that Age) as then enjoying it* The chief Chronologift, Fr. Antonio Bran dam, is of this Opinion; as, in his Tranilation o f the Swearing of the laid Prince, he gives the Title o f Cup-bcarer to the abovementioned Femaon Peres ; but in the origi­nal Latin that he quotes, the Words are, Ferdinandus Petri CurLe Dapifer, the which arc fubjeft to various Interpretations ; And the lame Author, treating in another Chapter o f the principal Offices of the Palace, takes Dapifer fometimes for Lmuch ante (or Carver), and at other Times for Vendor. Antonio Paes Viegas, in his Principio! de Portugal, explains this Word to he Mordono (or Steward).

T he Employ o f Copeiro mor, is to prefect the Kings to Drink when they dine in public: And anciently there was in Portugal an Office named Ejcamqao (I fuppofe from the Spanijb Word EJcanciäno, a Skinker, Butler, or one that fills out Liquor), one o f which is mentioned in a Grant made by Ajfonfo II. in Scnta- rem, on the 1 jth of Anguß, 1222, to the Mailer Vicente, Dean of Lisbon ; Fr, An­tonio Brandaon, explaining this Word, fays, that the Office o f Efian^ao was to pour Wine into the Cup. It is to be remarked, that in the faid and other W rit­ings, certain Officers had figned as Witnefles, only with the Title o f their* Em­ployments, omitting their Names ; as, Eepofitarius major tejl. For tarli major es tefl. Eycbanus teß. Scanctanus tefl,

Coudel M 6r.

Manocl Beverini de Faria, in his Noticias de Portugal, attributes the Creation o f this Office to Ajfonfo V, in the following Words. “ K ing Ajfonfo V. ordained, iC that the Men of Arms ( EJcudeiros) who ferve on horfeback in our Armies, “ iliall be reduced to a Captainilfirp o f one Captain, who fhould divide them “ into Companies of twenty; and that he, the Captain of thefe People or Com- " pani es, fhould be called Coudel mor (chief Leader) ; who remaining, by the “ Regulations o f W ar, with the Command of the Cavalry, the Execution of the " Law's made for the Prefervation of the good Breed of Horfcs in the Kingdom, “ iliall alfo be left to his Care.”

But it is certain that this Office is more ancient than is as above reprefented; for in the Chancery of John 3 , Grandfather to the faid Afjbnfo V, Mention is made of one Alvar cs Annes de Gemache, with the Title of Coudel mor, exp refled in the Letter or Grant made him in Lisbon, on the 6th of December, 1430, and con­firmed in Santsrem, the 17th of November, 1433. 1 ° this Grant, the K ing callshim Captain and Coudel mór o f all our Crofs-bow Cavalry ; and commands that he fhould have the fame Power and Rule over them, and take Cognizance of their Behaviour, in the fame Manner as our Annadal mor does with the other Crofs-bow Men, or Befteiros do Conto.

in the Chancery of King Durate, there is regiftered another Letter, made by him m Santarem, the 2d o f July, 1434; in which he commands Diego Gonsalves de Caßcllobranco, Coudel mor, that he exempts Gen (¡alo Vast, Pinto, Inhabitant o f Lisbon, to appear before him with Horfe and Arms, as ufually accoutred on any Mufler, for the many Services that his Father had rendered the King.

From the above Writings it is feén, that the Office of Coudel mSr hath a greater Antiquity than what the aforefaid Author affigns it ; but at the fame Tim e it müft be acknowledged, that, in the following Reign, the Employ o f Annadal mor o f the Crofs-böw Cavalry was reflored in the Perfori o f Femaon Alvares de

Cerna che,

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

S P A I N Anb J O R T Ü G Â Lì 3 jCerndche, Son to -Alvar es -Annes abovementîoned, as appears froirnâ Grant matfé. him in Coimbra, the 8 th o f November, 1442, by Ajfonfo V.

Beii.deg- tîieie principal.Captains, .there hath been particular ohes o f fevétàL Places: Such as, Coudel or Ghief of Enjom, Anno 1434:; h f Forres'-Vedras,-144r.;: of Avelro,- 1498 ; and many others : But asin P rocefs o f Tim e various AbuleY had: crept in among theie minor Chiefs, Affonf0 V. made a Reform o f themj ih. his Mandati lus, dated at Santa rem tire 23d of May, 145a, in 'the following W ordtr “ Be it known that in the Cortes now fitting in the Town of Santarem, at the- “ Su it of the Pro curators or Deputies of the Towns, Cities arid Places j who tilmé (I to, the.faid Cartes, it-was requeftedo.f me, that the Commanderies of dur King-*;“ doms-Ihould not be . given to Noblemen,..Gentlemen, or powerful Perfom-h “ nor for fo lon gT im e and Years.;, as hath.been hitheito pradfifed; .as. they fupa lt pofe the.deiired Alteration will 'be for ourService and- the-p.ubiic.Godd, :&rc u In Compliance with their Intreaty, we therefore command, that no Nobler “ man, Gentleman, rior powerful Perfon of our Kingdoms, ilinlj have br. en- “ joy the laid Commanderies; and that they be given by ns. to-the Citizens and " Elquires of Cities, Towns and-Villages; for five Years; ' as heretofore*ivaF “ ufual,. ■ In Santarem)' &c. . . v - L 1

Ejcrivaon da P un da de. , , .

T he Efcri-vae?is da Furldade wei;e anciently reputai tire P ri nebs chief ÎVÎinh' fters, whofc Chanceries were under their Care for. all Dilpatches of Favour and- Reward. Omitting other great Preeminences, o f this Office, fome Authors,prc-. tend that it was known in Portugal in the Reign of Affonfo II; mentioning .at: tins Tim e one Mafaldo de Beja with , the Title o f Efcrlvaon da Puridade, autho­rized by his Epitaph, to be fecn in the Church of St. John at Beja ; where it is likewife faid, that he helped to gain that Tow n â fécond Tim e in the Year 1 229, which correiponds to the Year o f Chiiit, u.91. Others make different Suppo­rtions about the Commencement of this Office; but with fuch little Appearandé o f Truth, that I {hall omit relating them, and proceed to remark, what is handed, down to us, oil a better Foundation and more evident Veracity: And the: molt ancient Memorial to.be depended on uncontroverted, is, in the Reign o f Peter I, in 1362; in which Year Gonça/o Vase, de Goyas officiated with this Title, as appears by the faid Prince’s Grant, made in Port cl the 20 th of December ; 1362 ; which Grant, containing the Favour, remains inferred In the Confirmation of. it by K ing Manoel, at Evora, in May, 1497.

Efmoler Mor.

This is one o f the oldeft Offices of the Kingdom; and hath appertained from 'T im e immemorial to the Abbots of Akobaca, as is conftantly affirmed by their Chronologers; But as the Abbots-general were occupied in the Government of their Monaitery, anti could not always affili at Court, they appointed one o f the Order to attend in their Abfençe; and his Majeity confirming the faid Re- prefentation, he ferved with the Title o f iimpie Efmoler, whilft their Superiors, the Abbots-general, retained that o f Efmokres mores, as an infeparable Preemi­nence of that Abby; but in Tim e, theie Deputies were called Efmokres menons, though they, continued to figri only according, to their primitive Appellation.And notwithstanding the Abbots Right to depute, as is abovementiOned, I find, that John II, being greatly difglilted with the Cardinal, Don Jorge dà.Cojìa, - then Abbot of Akobaça, fet afide lais Nomination, and appointed Lopo Goncahes (Chaplain to his Son Don Jorge) for his Efmoler- who was iu acceded, in the Reign of King Plano el, by Fr. Fernando, Abbot o f Si Mari a dosfamaraens. Some­time after the laid Prince, following the Example of his FredeceGdr, named fome Perfons for his-Almoners, who were-hot of thè aforefaid Order, as Doit Francifco

V ol. II. * K Fernandes,

34Fernandes, BifhOp of Fete, and Dtogo de Almeida. But the Abbot, Don Fr. 'gorge de Mello (afterwards Bifhop of Guar da) oppofed thefe Nominations, and com­menced a Suit againft the Procurators of the Crown about the Proviiion of the Office' of Efmoler, and had a Sentence in his Favour, confirmed in the Reign of John III : Which'Confirmation was occafioned by the K ing’s having appointed Antonio Nogueira to the Office, and its being contefted by his Brother, Cardinal Don Henrique, as Abbot o f Alcobaca, who, prevailing, the faid Appointment was fet afide.

In the Year 1556, forde minor Almoners were again appointed, though not o f the Community of the faid Convent, nor the'Nomination o f the Cardinal In­fante Don Henrique,■ founded" on a-certam Ciaufe in the Confirmation of the aforefaid Sentence, which faid, “ -That in cafe o f there not being irxAlcobaga a " Perfon fit for the Employ, the Election may be made o f one w i t h o u t O n . Which feveral were fucceffively appointed, of differentOrders; and even the Car-' dinal himfelf, after mounting the Throne, ■ inftituted his Chaplain, Blffiop of Coimbra, and afterwards a Carmelite Friar. Inrthe Year 1642, John IV . reilored to the Abbots o f Alcohaqa the Commendam (which the Cardinal King had fepa- rated from the Monaftery, and granted to feveral fucceffively), and confequently the Office of chief Almoner, with a R ight of prefenting or deputing in his Ab- fence: But though the minor Almoners ought to be of the faid Convent, yet, to pleafe the King, the Abbot named Diogo de Soufa (afterwards Archbiihop of Evora) for Efmokr in 1642, being the Year o f reftoring the Commendam, as is above'remarked; and, on his Difmiffion in 1645, DoCtor F r.L n iz de Sonfa, of the fame Order, was prefented as Almoner by the Abbot-general of Alcobaqa: And thenceforward'they continued to appoint the Friars o f their Monaftery.

Ejlribeirp Mb/\

T he Creation o f this Office is commonly attributed to Affonfo V ; but, in his Chancery, there are authentic Memorials that the Princes- and Infantes of Por­tugal ufed to have Officers with this Denomination long before the abovemen- tioned, at leaft as high up as the Reign of King Durate: But what makes ftill more to the Purpofe, and invalidates the general Opinion above hinted, is, that tills laft Prince'had an Ejlribeiro mbr, named Fernaon da Syha, as the Chronicle o f the Earl Don Pedro de Menezes expreffly ailerts, and Don Luiz. de Salazar, chief Chronologift of Spain, in the fecond Volume o f da Cafe de Syha, And if thefe Documents did not exiff, it is a ffrong and very natural Conjecture, that if tile Princes had thefe Officers, the Kings more likely retained them in their Sendee.

Falcoeiro Mor.

T he cleared: Memorials that we have of this Office, is, in the Reign o f King Fernando; in whofeTmie, the Chronicle of F)urate Nunes de Leaon mentions two with this Title, viz, pfoaon Goncahes, till 1370, and Gtraldo Fernandes afterwards; the firit o f whom was alfo named.to this Employ by John I, immediately after his Acclamation in Coimbra, in the Year '1385, according to Fcrnaon Lopes. Under the Title o f Cagador mor, I have given the Reafons which offer for the Belief, that the Employs of Falcoeiro mor and Cacador mor were the fam e; and the Regulations o f the Cacadorei mores, given by King Sebaftian in the Year 1568, and direded to Don Pedro de Menezes, then ferving as Cacador mor, confirms the fam e: As the laid Regulations plainly demo nitrate, that the K ing’s principal Regard was the Game, and teaching the Falcons j he commanding that there fhould be twelve Falconers, two Sportfmen for'Sparrow-hawks, and two for Gufhawks, limiting their total Number to fixteen, and fpecifying the Breed and Prices o f the Birds. T o this Regulation, made in Aim si rim, the 12th o f March, 1568, a Poftfcript was added, in. which his'Majefty, on the 20th of May, the

fame

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

35fame Year, inLlJbon, makes the Addition of’ one falconer and Spam3w-haW-fier>- in the Perfon o f Afonfo Borges; and .likewife another,, about thc^om inatioi>of other Huntfmen, which was made in Cintra, on the 23d o f Aagujl, o f the fame: Year alfo. ■ ■ ; :

This is the principal Inducement to ponclu.de, that the Office of chief Fal­coner was not different from that of chiefFcnfft; in the Occupation,, t^ough it- was in tlieN am e: And I do not icruple to. affirm, .that the hrftdenom ination of Falcoeiro mbr, became afterwards that of Cacador .mbr. . ... . _.

Fronteiro Mbr*

J T he Knowledge dii cover able of this Office, :is, that in every Diftri£t;thereWa9 anciently a Fronteiro mbr-, who difeharged the Function of Captain-general.of ths-' People m that Territory, -that fo .tliey might foon, and in good Order, repair to Entries made into the Kingdom. ■ Mantel Sefterhn de Faria fo affirms, in his Noticias. de Portugal3 adding,' that the1 -were. PerforiS' off greatState and Quality,' Infomuch that .even to. the infantes this T itle was given : f t is likewife known that were not only Fronteiroi.in\the Diffridls, but alfo in the; chief Cities and their Boundaries, -and alfo in m ianyTownsi > 3 V

Since the Reign oi Affonfo V, there remains Memorials o f this Em ploy: And Ids Chronologer, Ruy de Pina, affirms in the. third Chapter, fpeaking o f the Preparations which he made agaihlb his BrotlieriAffo?fo-Sanches, That he would foon provide the Extremes of Portugal, with People, and Fronteiros; among whom was Gonyalo Fas, M ailer o f A v is , wha was Frontierao f Qguella, near to Albuquerque. . -

In the Reign of John I, and the Year 1384, he being then only Mailer o f Aid-ig- he appointed Nuno A h a res Pereira, Fronteiro mbr o f Alentejo, to: i^paSi thegreat Diforders tire Cajliliam caufed there, efpecially by the Entrance they made as far as Portalegre, deftroying the Country, arid burning the Vines and Olive-trees in all the Territory. This Nomination was accompanied by the greateil. Powers, which till then the chief Frontier Officer ever had ; for as the Chronologer, .Pen* naon Lopes, affirms, Faculty was alfo given him to confifcate the1 Eitates o f thole' who had a Vote in Cajlile, and to grant Favours of the Effedts fo. confifcated. V

And that the Power and Authority of the Frdnteiros mores' may better appear, I ffiall concifely relate the Subltance o f the Grant, o f this Office, which Affonfo L made to the Marquis o f Monte mbr, - on the Gecaiion of appointing him to be Fronteiro o f Alentejo. In it the King commands, that, according: to ancient-’ Cuflom, tile Lieutenants or chief Commanders of Caftles ffiould obey the 'Fron­teiro mbr: T h at on his Entrance into any Fortification, he receive the Plomage of the Garrifon; and that the Gallic remain fubjedt to him during his Reiidence in it : That the Treaiurers o f the Provinces furniili him with the Ammunition he ihould demand: And that tire Jullices of Towns, chief Commanders o f Dra-t goons and Crofs-bow Horfe (being fo required) fhall be obliged1 to attend to his C a ll; as alfo the Horfemen, Efquires, Gentlemen, CitizensCConrifellors,: Mpn at Arms, Horfe and Foot, &c. This Letter is kept in the Tower o f Tomboy in in the firft Book of Extra. F0L159. .

By the preceding will be feen the great Extent .of Power given to this Office? and the other Privileges and Eminences, annexed to it, naturally left: it one o f tlie principal in the Kingdom: And that it was fo regarded, will appear by the Infante Don Henrique's (Son to John I.) having admitted it in .the Reign, o f A f- fonfoY. ■

Guarda Mbr. ~ : ‘ ' ■ ; " ■ .'i / t [

Gafpar A lla n s deLoufada fays, that this Officer was next to tile H igii Stewards and his Duty to lie at the K ing’s Chambemdoor, and to fee him in Bed,, accom^

S P A I N ' a nd P 0 ;| ,T U Q A L .

partied by the Gentlemen o f the Bedchamber, -till which Ceremony ;paifed, thé Curtain was not to be drawn ; he likèwlfe was the fir-ft‘who entered the Cham­ber in the Morning. He was fometimes called only Guarda mor, fometimes Guarda mor o f the Chamber, fometimes Guarda mor o f the Court, and-fome­times Captain ■ o f1 the Gentlemen Guard-of'the Cbambef ; : which Guard was-com- poled of twenty feü f Gentlemen, or -Perlons o f diffiiuguifhed. Nobility-; and their Obligation-td lie all in the Palace/ and dome o f them-in the fame Lotlg- ging with tlieh Commander.' - ■ ' - - r ■

Marich ah >

.This Office, according to its-Regulation; appears tp-hàye been the chief and trioft honourable :in the Holt, after the Constable. Ith gth a Judge, from whole Sentence no Appeal lay to.this latter in civil Caufes of ,th,e Army, thqnghamder fome-Limitations, and did not .appertairtrfo any thingcrim inal; he inflirfed va­rious Puniihments,' though he could riot.draw: Blood,..nor give Scourglngs : A ll Elocutions o f Juftice were .committed .to th&Marichal and;his Officers/, and all judiaial Proclamations were publifhed in tile Conftable’s and Ms Name jointly. In fine, as the Coniiable was General of the Arm y, lo_-the-Poft o f Marfhal cor- refponds to tlie modern Poll o f Marefcbal deCamp in Franck .or a Major-general with us. The Regulation is King Fernanda sp and goes ilieorpprated-,in that o f tile, ancient Militia, under thé Title .of Gonflable. th ■ .

TMs Office was eftablifhed in 138a, as was that of Conflàble, on O.ccafion o f the Earl of Cambridge s Arrival,at F iji an, the 20th of Jftdy in the preceding Year, with a powerful EngUjh Fleet, to luccourhis aforefaid Ma jelly i A n d ! find the Title o f M arshal do Key no was ftill fubfiiting in the'Perfon o f Don Diego de Noro?iba, Marquis o £ Mari a h a , Anno 173.0.. r, '

.. Meirinbo MÔr.

W as an .Office known in Portugal before the Reign of Affonfo-TLmriquet; for In the Time o f Fernando Magtto, K ing o i Leon and Cajlile, Anno 1074,. Men­tion is made oî'Diogo Frutejmdee as Meirinbo mûr o f Ejlremadura, anil o f his Son Mendo Dias in Be ira, as Gafpar Ahares de Loufada teftifies. ?

The ancient Guftom of the Kingdom, in regard to tins. Officer was to have four divided among the moft principal Provinces 5 v iz . one for Entre-Douro e Minbo, one for Beira, another,for Ejlremadura, and the fourth for Entre Lejo e Guadimm; and afterwards one was added for yllgarve, ;

Befides thefe provincial Meirinhos mores, there: was ,alfo one for a ll ‘the King­dom, as appears from various Memorials ; and in particular from a G ift made by Sancbo II, o f Aljujlrel, to the Order o f Santiago in Lijbon, on the 3 if l of March, 1235, wherein Don Pedro Laurence iigns himfelf, Meirinus mayor Per tug. In the Reigri o f Ajfonfo III, tire Earl Don Pedro mentions Don Fajco Martins P i­mentel with, the fame Title i ând in King De?inis's firfl W ill, made in 1299, it appears that Don Joaon Simam (named by the laid Prince as one of the Execu­tors thereof) then adted with this Character,..

The Ufe of thefe Meirmhos mores o f Provinces, was from the firll Eflabliih- inent of P o rtu g a luntil the Reign of Affo?jb V , who aboliihed them, and fub- ftituted in their room only one, with the Appellation o f Meirinbo mor of the Court and Kingdom. In tile earlieft Times, thefe Officers had Jurifdidtion over the Nobles and Gentlemen o f - their Diitridts, as appears? by a Decree,, in the firil Year of the laid King Dennis’s, Reign, preferved in the Letter-cafe at the Monaf- tery of Pedrofo: They alfo appointed the ordinary Judges of Towns and Coun­cils, as feveral Memorials in the aforefaid Depofit teftify ; took Cognizance of judicial Affairs, and paifed Letters of Legitimation/' Finally, their Authority was fo great, as to equal thE King’s Lieutenants of tlrf Provinces; and l’ome

do

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on?

3?do not fcruple to affirm, that they exceeded the Governors o f the civil Courts, and Regedorcs o f thofe of Reports;

Treating, about the Creation o f this Office, it is faid, Lib. r. 'fit. 17. that “ it “ appertains to the Mei r'mho mor to arre it State Offenders, Perfons o f Quality, “ Lords o f Manors, and fuch as the other Ju ilice s could notw ed feize ; and to tc raife the neceifary Forces for fuch Arrefts, whenever we diali command it." Their Obligation was likewife to aiiiit at the Executions o f great Perfonages, from which Attendance nothing but the K ing’s Leave could exempt .them.

Me/ire Siila.

Some Antiquaries aflert, that this Office is coeval with the Foundation of the Kingdom, and accordingly mention fonie Meßre Salas in the Reigns o f the two firft Princes ; but if this was the Cafe, as feems beyond Doubt, the Employ was forgot, and ceafed for about two hundred Years, till, in the Time o f John Ì, we find it renewed, and hath been uninterruptedly continued till now. T he Com- million has likewife been extended for the Service of leverai o f the royal Family, and under a fimilar Denomination with that abovementioned.

Mcrteiro Mor, cincj Pinntfnan or Maßet- of the Game.

This Employ was formerly confined to the Mountain Game only* as theGz- cador mor, or Falco tiro mor, was limited to Volatiles : A t prefent they are all united in one Office onlv, with the Denomination of Montelro mor, appointed by pbiliß II. of Portugal on the 20th o f March, 1605.. It is an Office that hath fubfiiled ever lìnee the Reign o f King Fernando, in

the Year 1379, without Intermiffion, as appears from the L ift of thofe who have been fucceffively nominated thereto, and the D uty the fame as in all other Eu­ropean Courts; which makes any Addition needlefs.

Mordo mo Mar,

This Office is very ancient in the Kingdom, as Mention is made o f it in the Reign of Queen Tare]a, who governed during the Minority of her Son, the In­fant Don Afonfo-Henriques, in a Grant from the faid Princefs, Armo r u m It has annexed to it very great Preeminences, as appears in the faidG rant; which fays, that “ Mordo mo mor fignifics the greateft Man in the King’s. Houfhold, to “ order every thing therein for its Support,” &c. On him depend all the Offi­cers and Servants in tire royal Palace,- and it is he who diredts the Payment of their Salaries; He dìi poles of feveral Employs abfolutely, and'of others byCon- fultation ; and commands the Grants of the faid Provinces to be paiTed : It is he 'that admits the K ing’s Subjects to different Degrees or Privileges of Nobility, where mo intervening Defedi renders an Application to his Majefty neceifary.

This-.Office was anciently of fo much Authority, as to induce the Kings o f Cafiik■ to give it to their cldeft Sons ; as Affonfo the Wife to the Infante Don Fer­nando, and Fernando IV.'appointed his Brother the Infante Don Pedro -to this Employ. In Portugal, King Demis gave it fucceffively to his natural Sons, A f-

fonfo-Sanches- and Joaon-Affonß: And all the fubfequent Sovereigns have-ap­pointed P erfon so fth efiril Nobility arid Diftindtion in the Kingdom to the Ex- ereile o f it, from the aforefaid Year 1 ri2 to the prefent; arid oftehtirhes granted ir by Suceeffion to a particular Family, ’ ; ' ;--1 - : ; : -

:,v Porteiro Mor. .■ ■ ■ ■ ■ -

T h e ’hilt that wenead of in this Office, was in the Reign oi'Sancho II ,1 as is feen in the Privileges* granted to the Inhabitants o f Santa Grtiz/'in June > 1225. He. Is ibrnetimes - called .in Latin Portartus major, at other Times-Dclfo™ ; fome- rimes Pot tei to mor do Key no (of the 'Kingdom), arid font eti m e S‘P orteiro mor daPorta

V o n ,'II. ' * L (of

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L .

(o f the D oor): Em notwithfhmding thefe feveral Diftinftions in T itle, the Of­fice is underftood to be the fame; and, like the preceding, has been granted to peculiar Families, having run for a long Time (and I believe itill continues) k i that of the Mellos.

Proved or (Lis Ob fas.

Tliis Office is modem in refpeft of the Name, though it is ancient in regard to the Charge, In the Reign o f King Dennis, there was an Employ o f Paceiro jjibri which, according to the great Chronologer, Fr.Franctfco Brandaon, in his Monarchic Lufttana, Par. 5. Liv. 16. C ap,42. was the lame as Superintendant o f the Works o f die Palaces, and other royal Buildings, which were in the K ing­dom; and in every Palace refided a Paceiro to take Care o f it. In Procefs o f Tim e, this Title was converted into that of Vendor mor (chief Overfeer) o f the W orks, and fmee into that o f Provcdor o f the W orks, In the Reign o f Affonjo V , there were provincial Vendores: And the Son o f John I. was Front ¿fro and Ven­dor mor of the W orks of the Caftlcs, Towns and Villages, o f the Di ft rift o f Beiray which latter he exercifed by a Subftitute, confirmed by the aforcfaid Affonfo V, on the 27th o f June, 1450. This Employ hath continued in the Family of the QarvaUm ever fince the Reign o f John III.

llepojlciro Mor.

T he Creation of this Office appeal’s to have been by K ing Affonfi I I : And Fr. Abitonio Brandaon affirms, that the fir ft Tim e o f meeting this Title in the an­cient Writings, was in the Year 1217, when the King calls him, Meo Rcpofitario majors. The faid Author likewtfe obierves this to be the fir ft Tim e that the T itle o f Major is found, which was afterwards extended to the other Offices both o f the Palace and Kingdom ; and as there were no Camereiros mores in Portugal, the Repojh’iros mores exercifed this Office, as the Alferes mores did that of Confta- bles before thefe latter were created. A t prefent it is the Office of Repojleiro mor to uncover his Majefty’s Throne at public Funftions, and to wait clofe by it till the King rifes: They have by their Inftkution (L iv . 3, Fit. 4 .) the fame Pri­vileges as the Alferes mores, Mordomos mores, &c. o f bringing their Oppofers to Court, provided they are Inhabitants of the Tribunal of Porto, and always fign themfelves RepofSarins major.

D I S S E R T A T I O N S off-

Frtnchnnte.

T h e Chronologer, Fr. Antonio Brandaon, on tranflating the W ord Dapifir (found in many ancient W ritings), does not determine it ablolutely to correlpond either to FAnchante, Vendor de Caja, Copeiro mor, nor yet to Mor domo; the greateft Doubt is between the Offices of Fr ¡'achante and Vendor: And as the W ritings o f the firft Reigns were generally in Latin, it is impoifible to fay, with any Cer­tainty, whether. FLerndgio Moniz, Egas Moniz, and other principal Perfons that followed the Court o f King Ajfonfo-Flenriques, exercifed the Office o f Vendor es or Frifichantes; for Hiftory hath recorded them with Titles fo different. T h e firft o f the above Mo?iiz's was, by Ajfcnfo I, cafhtfjFrinchante or Vendor; and his Sue- ceffor, Egas Moniz, Dapifer, in the Year 1135; and thefe Denominations were alternatively given undiftinguifhed, which wiÜ naturally appear yery odd to my Reader. I ihall therefore endeavour to clear it up, by fuppofmg that the Of­fices of Frinchante and Vendor were united in fhofe early Times, and that both the one and the other were comprehended in the Title o f Daptfer, whofe Em ­ploy was afterwards divided into feveral others, accommodating to each the fame Appellation; and this Conjefture feerns both authorized and. juftified by-the lafe Praftice in the Queen’s Houfhold, where the Vendor o f the W eek afted as Frlncbtm teUnder which Denomination, the Office, I think, hath uninter- ■ ■ mptedly

39S P A I N A n d P O R T ti <j A L.riiptedly continued ever iince Aprils 1209, when Vafco Martins iigns him felf IJa- pifcrt and I do not find tills W ord mentioned afterwards:

I fhall here add the Form of the King's Grant of this Office; which may ferve as a Copy o f all others appertaining to the Palace. It is difpatched by die Se­cretary o f State; and the Perfon to whom his Majefty does the Favour, takes the Oath before the chief Chancellor, and the High Steward gives him Poflef- lion.

“ DowAffbnfo, by the Grace o f God, K ing o f Portugal and the Algarve s, See. “ I make known to all who fhall fee this Letter, that in regard Sunaon da Cunha tC hath refigned unto me the Office of my Trinchante, o f which he was Pro- ;i prietor, for want of Health to execute it ; confiding that Don Antonio A h a - iC res da Cunha, by his Merits and Quality, will, in all that I fhall charge him,* <£ ferve me. to my intire Content and Satisfaction, it pleales me, and I have t£ vouchfafed to make him a Grant o f tills laid Office of my Trincbajtttr, vacated “ by the Refignation of the laid Simaon da Cunha; that lie may ferve it, and have ct with it all the Advantages and Emoluments that belong to it, and which his <£ Predeceifor had, paying him the Salary ordained, in the Treafury o f Stipends, t£ that fhall become due'from the 9th of November, 1654, when he began to i£ ferve the Office : And he fhall ufe and enjoy all the Honours, Preeminences, “ Privileges and Immunities, which, by realon o f the faid Office, he may and <£ ought to poffeis, iwearing in my Chancery, that he will ferve it well and £! faithfully, and punctually obferve every thing in my Service. It was fo no- ££ tified to Don Joaon da Syha, Marquez de Go uvea, and my Mordomo mor-? and “ I ordered him, that he fhall admit the laid Don Antonio Alvares da Cunha for t£ my Trinchante, and permit him to ferve the faid Office, and enjoy It in the £f Manner aforementioned. And for the Stability o f the Whole, I commanded “ this Letter to be given him, figned by me, palled in my Chancery, and fealed “ with the Seal appendant to my Arms. Given in the City of Lijbon, on the *£ 3 iff o f ‘July. L uiz Tbxcira de Carvalho made it. In the Year" of our Lord “ Jefus Chi'ift, 1658. Pedro Vieira da Syha made it be wrote,

“ A .R A nha . The Sheen 1 '

In the Margin of the laid Letter is certified the Oath, in the Form following;I gave him the Oath in Lijbon, Jan. 31,1660 , Francifeo Montbro Montarroyo.”

And then the Certificate o f Poileifion, in the fubfequent Manner; t£ I gave for “ indubted to tire Poifeffion of the Office of Trinchante o f his Majefty’s Palace, “ Don Antonio Alvares da Cunha, in the Form that this Letter of the King my “ Lord directs, LiJbon> July 6, 1660, O.MarquezMordomo morP

Vendor da Cafa.

T he Tim e when this Office was created, is as uncertain as I have obferved that o f the Trinchante to b e ; for I repeat, that, in the ancient W ritings, the W ord Dapifer is ufed, which Hrftorians apply to both Offices, and it is very probable that the fir ft Trinchantes were alfo called Ve adores: But with the Title o f Vendor, none is mentioned with any Certainty before King Fernando; wheit Francifeo Eft eves was. appointed by that Prince, in tire firft Year o f his Reign, and on the 18 th o f December, 1367. This Employ hath continued to tile pre­fen t Time, and hath been hereditary in one Family for many Years.

C H A P .

4° D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

C H A P . VII.

O f the military Orden.

‘Tbe Orch* of C h r i s t .

AS inftituted' by K ing Dennis, a little after the Extinction o f the KnightsTemplars, in virtue o f a Brief from Pope John X X II, expedited in the

City of Avignon, on the 14th o f March, 1319: And for their Patrimony, was af- iigned the Rents which the faid Templars enjoyed in the Kingdom o f Portugal, after a great Conteft between tire K ing and Pope about the Application of them; tire firil: infilling on their Return to tire Crown, as tire principal Motive o f their Alienation from it had ceafed; and the papal Pretenfions were, that they ihould he fettled on the Hofpltalers, or tlrat they ihould be at the Pope’s Difpofal; but neither was fubmitted to, as the prelent Settlement proves.

The Statutes o f this new Order, according to the Difpofition o f the Brief, were the lame as thofc of the Order o f A v iz or Calatrava, under the Rule o f St. Dennett and the Reform of Ctfter; for which Reafon the Pope lubjerited it to the Vifitation of the Abbots o f Alcobaca, who exercifed this Jurifdiction, until K ing John III. obtained a Bull o f Enfranchifement from Rome in the Year 154a.

The Knights continued to obferve thefe Statutes, until Don John (firft Bifirop o f Lam ego, and afterwards of Vifeu) reformed the Order, by a Brief from Pope FLugenius IV, obtained at the Inftance o f the Infante Don Henrique (Son to K ing John I.), then its Governor, in the Year 1443. On this Occafion new Statutes were appointed; to which Don Memosl (being yet Duke o f Beja), added fome Definitions in the Chapter which was celebrated in 1492,; and which were af­terwards all confirmedfoy a Brief from Pope Julias II, granted on the 12th of July, 1505.: And it is by thefe Statutes, or Conflitutions, that the Order is at prefent governed.

The chief End of its Inflitution was, to make W ar on the Moors in Defence o f Chriilendom: And as a Doubt afterwards arofe, whether the Holbilities Ihould be defen five or offenfive; m Attention to this Semple, fome new Com­mend aries were founded in the Reign of King Manoel, for the Cavaliers which ferved in Cam ions in Africa. But King Sebajlian abfolutely difclaimed the Pof- felfion,, in which tire Mailers were fettled, of providing the old Commendaries without Sendees, that is, tliofe which-were of the Templars Eftates; command­ing, that the laid Provifion be made for Services done in Africa and thc' D q f Indies, againil Infidels and Heretics; winch was confirmed by the Popes Pius V . arid Gregory XIII.

The full Settlement .and Convent'of the Order was in the Tow n of Gafro- Mari m, in the Kingdom of Algarve:- From whence they concerted then Remo­val to Thomar, in the Reign of Ajfonfo IV, Don Eflavaon Gonqahes Leytaon being

' then its M ailer; though the Exchange was not effected till the Reign of Fer­nando on the 6tit o f November, 1372.

This Order had for its firft Mailer, Don Fr. Gil. Martins, named in the Brief for its Eilabliihment, who was lucceeded by feven others, the lafit being Don Dtogo Lopes de So i f a. After whom there were fcveral Adminiilrators, which were either Infantes or Sons of Infantes, v iz . the Infante Don Henrique, Son

of

S P AI N A ND- P O R T U G A L. ; 4 1

of John I -, the Infante Don Fernande, Duke opVtfeu, Soil to King Durate-, the Duke Dòn Diogo, Son to the Infante Dòn Fernando, in whole Minority thè I11-

- fanta Donna fjrtVfi admihiftered the Maffcerfhip by Authority g f a pontifical Bull; and Don Manoel, Duke o f Èeja, afterwards K ing of Portugal.

This Prince continued in the faid Adminiitration all his Reigh ; and King John III. for fome Time, to the Year 1551 ; when he obtained a Brief from Pope Julius III, uniting perpetually to, him and hi? Succeifors, although Females, the Adminiitration of the three Mafterfhìps fettled in die. Kingdom, o f Chrjì,Santiago, and o f A viz. ' '

Reckoning all the Mailers, Admmiitratprs, and Governors òf tlie Older, the late King John V . .made the twenty fee On d in the Catalogue : And. as fome Divines and Canoniils formerly contehed the Legality o f giving the-Title of Mailers to thefe Princes,1 Pòpe Gregory X IIL called King SebaJUan M ailer and perpetual Adminiitrator o f the laid Orders, in a Bull, o f : the n t h o f Decem­ber, 1579. . , :

T h e fid i and principal Dignity that there is in .this Order, after the Mailer, is fhe-Dww Prior o f the Convent of Phomary to which is "naturally annexed, ac­cording to the Diipofition o f the Statutes, thé general Curacy in the fpiritual o f Far. i- tit. 34 all the Peiions in the Orders. .T o the faid Dom Prior*, on the Mailer’s Death, belonged to him the calling a general, Chapter, by Letters; for a new.Election 5 and. to take the Mailer’s Oath of Fidelity to the Pope and the holy apoftolical See. But after that the Convent o f Phqmar was reduced to a Cloyiter, John III. . obtained a Bull from Rome, In the Year 15,74, by the which, the Jurifdidtion that the Dom Prior had before in Photnar and its DiftriÊt, as well as . in other Places, rfat. par. 3. was difmembered and feparated from him, and granted in pleno Jure to. the m' 9' Order, and'to the JurifdiCtion of the Perfons o f it, redding in any Faits o f the Kingdom or out of it ; and gave Power to the Mailers and Governors to depute an Eccleiiailic who ïhould adminifler the faid JurifcHCtion : W hich at prefent correfponds to the Dignity o f the Prelate.of Pbomar, with the Limitations that will prefently be noted. . .

From the Beginning ' the Order o f Cbrîji had a Vicar or Prior o f the clerical State, with ecclefiaihcal Jurifdidtion in all Territories of i t , . including theCon- queils, This Dignity continued to the Time o f King John III; when,( erecting, the Church of Santa Maria da Funchal, in the Ifland o f Madeira, into an epifeo- pal Chair, and afterwards into a Metropolitan, and the Vicar of Phqmar, Don Diogo Pinheiro, named to fill it, the Vicarage was then iupprefled.

On tlie Death of the laid Don Diogo, John III. united the Vicarage o f Pbomar to thé Dotn Prior o f the Convent o f the faid Tow n, and preferred to ,the D ig­nity, Fr. Antonio .Monis, p f the Order o f St. Jerome, and Inilitutor. of the Re- form then made of the Clergy Friars, obliging them to take the H abit o f thefe latter, which ÍHI1 continues to be ufed in. that Convent. After fome Year’s, the Prelacy of Phomdr Was again feparated from the Dignity o f Dom Prior, and given to fome Pried.

Thefe Prieils obtained a JuriiHidtiori.in the Tow n and its Diftri£1,. abnoft epis­copal; but they do not poiTefs that great. Authority which the firit Vicars or Priors had : This having pafiedto tire Tribunal of- the Pable o f Conference and;Orders where it is that the Churches, as Well within the Kingdom;as tlie Con- queíls, aré provided, andeix n lh e Dignities o f Cathedrals in vacant-Sees.

T he Order o f Cbrijl doth not only enjoy a confiderable Patrimony in the K in g - . dom, but it has hkewífe, greatly extended in. thé African, Afiatic, and American Settlements : W hich i f owes to: the Infante E>on Henri que,, Son to John I ; who, being; Adminiftrator o f the .Order, at: tlie .faille Tim e that, he was fo to the A r- ' madas (he had fitted out at His 'own Coils,-),. ordered,, that, as thefe latter fhould

\ difeoyer Lands, the temporal Seigniory o f the Conquefts ihould be immediately ; V ol. II. * M veiled

Veiled in the Kings, ahd the fpiritual in the Order; as was done with the Ifland o f Madura, the Apres, xh&Cape de V e r d ie s , and the Coaft of Guinea. The Kings of Portugal continued the Favour in the other Farts .of theLGlobe, as an Acknowledgment for the great Benefit which the Matter or Adminiftrator o f the faid Order had done for the Kingdom.

There are reckoned in the Order, four hundred and fifty 'four Commendas f including forty five, which the moft Serene Houfe o f Bragape A provides) : And then Income, as appears from a general Chapter, celebrated in the .Town o f Tbo-. mar, by the Bailiff and Head of the Order, which concluded on the1 yth o f April, 1620, was then ninety four Millions;, five hundred and twenty eight thoufand, three hundred and twenty two Reis-(about 26,000/, Sterling), which is force ai- moft doubled. Thé Habit o f the Knights is an open" fcarlet Crofs, with :the In- fcition of another white one.' '

■ ‘The Order of Sa n t ia g o / dr St ". Ja Mes. .

, This Order had its Beginning in the Kingdom o f Galicia, in aMonaitery de­dicated. to St. Floy, appertaining to the "regular Canons o f St. Aujlin ;. whole Ruins are ftill vifible in the Biihopric o f Lugo. Some Authors fix the Inilitu- tion to the Reign o f King Ramiro I ; but all that their Memorials prove, is, that there was in that Time a Confraternity or Brotherhood o f Santiago, and not an Order confirmed by the Pope. In the Year 1030, when, according to fome Hiftorians, King Fernando reigned in Leon, it is-afiedged in a W riting, in Favour of the Female Commendaries of the Holy Ghoft of Salamanca, in which, the faid Prince gives to this Fraternity the Title of au Order. Finally, others fix the Inilitution to the Reign of Ajfbnfo VIII. pi CaJUk, his Uncle King Fer­nando in Leon, Sancho VI. in Navarre, Ajfonfo the Chafe in Aragon, and Ajfonfo- JLmriques in Portugal. ‘ ' ' ,

It is certain that the Bull, confirming this Order, was expedited by Pope Alex­ander III, on the 5th of July, 1175, at the InitanCe of the Mailer, Don Pedro Fernandes , having for fome Years before been approved of by Cardinal Tacintho, on his going to Spain with the Character of Legate a Latere, to çompofe fome Differences which hdd arifen between certain Princes.

T he firfl Settlement that it obtained in Portugal, was at Lijbon, in .the Mo-' nailery of Santos 0 Velho: Where the Cavaliers continued to refide until, the Reign

E?ûtom1,'Lu" when they removed to Alcacefe do SdL, and from thence to Mer-iiv.t1.c3p.15. tola, in King Sancho IPs Tim e; and laftlyi on the 26th of OBober, 1482, they

again changed Situation, finally to fettle at Palmella, where they had begun building a Church on the 5th of May, 1 4 4 3 the Infante Don John, Son to King John l, being tlien theff Mailer.

T h e Portuguefe Cavaliers continued fubjéft to the Caftilian Mailers, known afterwards by the Title of Mailers o f Tides, until the Reign of, King Dennis} when they obtained a Bull o f Separation front Pope Nicholas IV , on the 17th of September, 1288, though its Execution' was deferred until■ .12903 when the Cava­liers elected, for their firll Mailer, Don foam Fernandes, another Bull having preceded the faid Election in Confirmation of the foil. But, in the Courfe o f fome Years, the Mailers o f Udes were fo foccefsful in their Inffances witfi Popes CekJUne V. and Boniface VHI, as, to' prevail on them to reunite f i t Portuguefe Order to that o f GafUe; and it. fo continued to thé Death o f Pope Clement V , a F avourer alfo o f the Gajhhans, when the PottugUefe elected for then' Mailer; the chief Commendador, Don Laurenp Annes. ■ ■ ' : C

In fine, notwithilanding the various. Oppofitionsitfiat the Mailers ; o f Udes ■ ilill made, and which they founded o n r the .Authority of Ahè1 abovemen tinned Rulls in their Favour, the Order in Portugalxemalntd fep^rated from tliefr Obe- dience ; and had fixteen, Matters o f1, their own; from Ffoh Joaon Fernandes, to

’ Don

4a D IS S E R T A T I O N S o n

S P.AIN. A i m P 0 R T t J G AL. 43■ Don Jorge Duke o f Coimbra, end Son to King John II1; on whole Death‘tlie M a ft: terlhip was united to the Grown in the P erion o f John III. and his Succeffors for ever,. as was done with the Orders of Cbrijl and o f A viz, by a Brief from Pope Julius IW) difpatched In the Year 1551.;

T h e firft Dignity, after the Matter or Adm mil'll'a tor, and Governor, is the Head Prior o f Palme ¡¿a, to whom a Jurifdiition is annexed in a Manner epiico- pal, though only in regard.to the Convent.of this Tow n; and Don Mendo-Af-

Jonfij Anno 1508, obtained,, and ufed the Enfigns o f a Bilhop. The Patrimony Man«i sev■ pf this Order extends itfelf over forty feveh Towns and Villages, with one hull* mTVo. If dred and fifty Commenda&j wliich, according to an ancient Valuation, renderedmore titan thirty fix Millions of Pei's: All which Favours were granted to the Order by tfie.Kings of Portugal fucceilively- from Affonfo-Henriques, in Recom­mence o f the great Exploits wliich the Cavaliers performed againil the Moors, as well in the Conqueil of RibaArjo, as in the Fields of, Ourique, and afterwards in Algarve.

They have a famous Convent of Nuns, feated without. to the Eaft, called Santos oNovo, in Contradiftinition ,to Santos 0 Velho\ which was (as hath been obferved) the firft Eftablifliment o f the Knights o f Santiago in that City, af­terwards a Monaftery of Nuns of the fame Order, and now lerving for a paro­chial Church: Before eftablifhing this Convent, there was one of Nuns of the Order in tlie Tow n of Arruda, which moved. from thence to Lijbon- Its Inftitu- pon was for the Reception o f tlie Commendadores Wives and Daughters, that went to ferve in the W a rs; and continued in this firft Settlement until the 5th of September, ,1492, when King John IX, moved them to Santos 0 Novo, where they have a feminine Commendary (who is always o f eminent Quality), with Recluies and Penlionaries of the firft Nobility. The Habit o f the Knights is a. red Sword, in Form o f a Crols, which refembles tlie K ilts o f the ancient Ones,

ftbe Order i f A v r z ,

This Order commenced in the Reign of Affonfo-Henriqms; and though the Year o f its Inftitution is uncertain, very creditable Authors agree that it was foon after the Battle in Ourique Field, gained Anno 1139: For in the Year 1147, when, the Conqueft of Lijbon was effected, Mention is made of this new M ili­tia; though it is certain that at firft it was not an Order confirmed by the Popes, but only a Society of well-behaved valiant Gentlemen, united under certain Sta­tutes, to engage in the W ar againft the Moors, and to lofe their Lives in a mu­tual Defence,. Its firft Confirmation was in 1162, which is fufficient to make it the oldeft

Order in Spaing this King, Ajfonfo-Henrlqaes, obtained of Don Joaon Girita, Ab­bot o f Larouca, by Delegation from the Bifiiop .1of. Ofma, Legate a Latere o f Pope Alexander III,, thirty nine Years after, that is, Anno 1201.; it was again con­firmed by Innocent HI,, who took it under his Protection . T he Statutes which the Abbot of Tarcuca gave it, were taken fro ill the Rule o f St. Rennet, according to the Reformation of the Order o f Cijier, who admitted the faid Cavaliers in the City o f Coimbra; where the Abbot went for this Purpofe, in Prefence of King AJjonjo - Henrt ques, , the Arch bifirop, o f Braga^ f^fBaSho^s o f Coimbra and Lijbon, with many other very principal Perfons. .. T he Older of Aviso fihus in flat 11 ted and .confirmed, ‘Tradition' relates,, it had

Its, firft. Settlementrin Coimbra, - although it, was but fo ra few Years; for Evora ' being conquered in 1166, the Knights removed ,to the faid City, where the Ward and Church of,St. Miguel da Ereifia. are half preferved; which is aft:irrefragable .Proof of the,Habitatiop winch fhe Friars of this prder had there. ;■ In tlie Reign of Ajfonfo l l , Don Eermoji de Annes, then Mailer,', fieitlg pleafed

with, the Situation where the Town of A v iz now Hands, as it was a ‘Frontier to ' tlie

44-

E ta t- tit. h cap. 3.

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o nthe M ó& ì -Lindsÿ who had.beett expelled from the Neighbourhood o f E w a r the K ing made him a Grant o f the Spot, on the lath Day o f June, 12 11 - and the M ailer begun the Foundation of thé Caille in 1214, though the Remove from the Convent was notcffrfted till fome Years after in the Mafterihip o f D onEfr- fumdò Rodrigues Monteiro: For which Reafoil fome Authors count him. the firft M ailer o f t h e r e b y fobbing his PredeCeflor, Bon Femaon-dc Annex, o f the T itle ib juftly his Due. , ■ P •

During.the Tim e thát thefe Knights refìdèd a t Evora, they máde a Brother­hood, and united themfelves with the-Order o f Calatrava, undercertain Condi­tions and. Statutes j of which one -was,' the fubmitting to be vifited. by the faid Order, which then fiourHhed’w ith ‘gréât Réputation.: This Ünion lafted till the Reign ofiting.jfm&fl I, .who; relinquifhing the MaftCrihip, Anno 1387, when he married %vìth Qmcca. F i lippa ¿ Don1 Fernando Rodrigues de Sigueird wasxliofen in his room ,,.without the concurring:Votes of, Calatrova, which Chapter was . confirmed by Pope Urban Af\, induced hereto i n Refentment for thtCaJHUans follovviiig at this Time the Pariy o f the Antipope Clement VII. againil the faid Urbain The faid Prince ordered thé Mailer afterwards, that he ihould not con- fent to the Vifit intended by Don Gùnçalo JAunes dr Gufnutm, Mailer o f CalatraDa), who for this Purpofe was come into tht Portuguefé Dominions : This Prohibi­tion féems to have1 been founded on the aforefaid Bull o f Pope Urban V I, con­firming the Election o f Don Fernando Rodrigues, as abòvementioned ; and not by one of Pope Eugenias IV , as fome. Authors have affirmed ; not bee aule there was not fufficient Time fo r the King’s procuring Bulls from this Pope, as he was clefted ybmo 1431, that is, two Years before King Johns, Deceafe, but for the Reafon the Reader will find hereafter.

As at this Juncture the Bafikaii Council continued its Sellions, the Mailers o f Calairava had Recourfe to. it, and obtained its Decree," on the i l l o f Decem­ber, 1436, that the Knights o f Avisa, fbould return to their ancient Subordina­tion : But Don Affonfo Pereira, then the 'Portuguefe Ambaftador to the Council, and afterwards Marquis o f Valenza, oppofed the Paid Decree, and obtained a Bull from Pope Eugenias IV, to .exempt the Order o f Aviso from the laici Vifit. This Bull was .not difficult to Obtain, as well oá account o f the bad Intelligence which fubfifled between the Council and the Pope; as from the Attention'this latter paid to the Perfon o f the Infante Don Fernando, who was at this Tim e made Mailer of theOrder; on the Death o f Don Fernando Rodrigues de Sigueird, in Augujl, 1433: However, J o b n il.K in g o f .Gajlile revived his Solicitations,.in. 1439, for the Subordination o f A v iz to Calatrava -, but without any other E f-

J e f l than that o f . an Order, from the faid Eugenias IV, to bury the Bifpute in perpetual Silence. - -.

The. firft Mailer o f the Order w asD on Pedro-Affonfo, Brother to K in g A f- fonJo-Henriqnes • and, including him, there were twenty three to the aforefaid Don Fernando Rodrigues do Sigueira : Afterwards there followed fifteen Admini- ftratbrs or Governors, béginning with the Infante Don Fernando, Son to K ing John I, and ending with King John V , who was the thirty eighth in his Cata­logue 3 which comprehends all the Mailers and Adminiftrators o f the Order, both before and after its. being annexed to the Crown, in the Perfon o f K in g JohnIII. ' 'r r- ; ,■ • U' : ■ . ' 'V p - .

After the D i ^ t y ò f Mailer p r Adminiflràtor; is the Head Prior o f A u iz J hi. whom the fpiritual Jürifdidlion o f all the Order refides, befides tlie temporal, which he exercifes in the Convertí. He ufes pontifical Enfigns, in virtue1 o f a Brief obtained fro m T o p e ' K y by Duke George, when '.he ; was Mailer * and enjoys many other Preeminences,as are noted in ihe Collection of; their fita " tiifes. The firft Head Prior we read of, was Don Fr. Gonzalo, in the Mafterfiiip of Don Joaon Rodrigues Pimentel, in the Ÿ ear 1349. : And this Order hath 'other

Dignitaries,

.1

■ Dignitaries,. chief Commendador, Rcy-keepcr, ■ chitflAIferpi^ and chief Sa- criftanj which go annexed fo the Pnorihip o f the collegiate Church o f -Alcaqova o f Santaremt ! ■

T he Patrimony; o f this Order eonfifts. infoiUynmeTommewdas, 1 within and Without the JuriicUcfion o f'th e Mafirerihip1; though formerly it. enjoyed;1 many more, fepa rated iin ceo c c Hi on afiyby- ap oft o hca IB riels, ’and applied to Other va­rious Ufes. -There are in it feventy one Priorlhips and Curacies * dour iof

. which, former ;are Judges o f the.Territories ctf the Order, viz. that:o£ Benavente, $. Maria de Eftremozy- the Mother-Church of Moura, nn d U hat - o £ -, 5 .-Miguel of Aveiro. ' V ■ \ do -

It hath a -Convent of religious ,F emafe; Co mm endadciras an Lfp n^ ^dedicated Xo N \ Senhora da Encarnacaon - lubjeht to th? 5"able q f-Confekn« y and 'governed pry -a Head ifdqmntcndadcira, whefe-Eadies o f the fiiit'Quality aretecehed and-boarded. .This Convent Was -not ordered.to he builtby.K ie 'Infanta- Donna-AHrAy H4 pg Manuel ’s Daughter, for thq Nuns o f the military Gi'd eivof Ayty, ;;as 'forge\Cnr- dofo miftakenly affirms.; ■ the.Intention of the.'faidiLady;)(q,s jnayibe feenjinlher Teftament) bein g,. that a Monaftery fhould be -founded in ^ « '.fq T itfeihitins o f the Order o f S. Bento, fubjedt to its -Genera]: But laB.fill dialing ■ hsriVob- tained from PopeTA C V , at the Inftance of .K in gP C iij’ i i , dornCpnimutation o f this laid W ill, the Convent, of which I have been treating, was hull timed'de­livered to the Commendadeiras o f A v iz, The Plabit o f the Knights is a green Crofs, with Flowers-de-Luce; fir it given them verbally by Pope Boniface IX, and afterwards confirmed by a Brief of Ills Succefior, BmoccntVU, Anno 1404.

Order of the Hofpital of St . J o h n , or o/’ M a l t a .

This Order had its Beginning, as fome Hlftorians affirm, in the Year 1104, and in the City o f ferujdlem (Capital of FalejUne) , under the Reign of King Bauldwini , Succefior to Godfrey o f Boulogne', their firfi: Seat was in an Hofpital and Chapel dedicated to 1 ¿It, John, founded by the generous Piety o f the Mer­chants of Ajnalfd (a City of the Province of the hither Principality in the King­dom o f Naples) trading to the Levant. Some Authors, followed by Vertot, in (his Hiftory o f Malta, attribute this Foundation to Anno 1048; others have con­tented themfelves with acknowledging Gerardo, a French Gentleman, illufl'rious by Birth, Valour, and great Virtue, for its Adminiftrator in 1099, when the Conqueft oifem fakm waseffefted.

From the faid Hofpital, founded for the Entertainment o f the Pilgrims who vifited the holy Land, the Name o f Aofpitalers was given to tire Profeiloi s of this Order, by which they are known in .Hiftory; Their firit Malter was the faid G erardowho was fuc’ceeded by Ray mundo Dupuis; in whofe Government, this Order pafied to Fontugal, -

After the Lofs o f Jerufakm (which happened in the Year 1187), it was fuccef- iively eftabliihed in the Cities of Margat an d rere (the ancientPialemais) in Sy­ria •, Limijfo, in the Kingdom o f Cyprus; in Rhodes, an I Hand in the Me di terra-

: iteani and, laftly, in- the file o f Malta, which Charles V, gave to the Order, Anno 1530. -. . , This .Ordfer. was introduced into Portugal in the Reign .of King Afonfo-I-Im^ riqUes: - And although the Tim e o f its -Eitabhfiiment in this Kingdom docs

- not abfolntely appear, i t L certainly was before 'Anno 1157, as in this Year his Majefty granted -feveral Privileges to Don Ayres, Prior o f . it in Portugal and Galicia. ' 1 £' . 1 '

, F o r the good Government of the Cavaliers, there is alfo the Dignity of grand Commendador of 'Spain, who hath Jurifdiition in the five Kingdoms o f which it

1 ris.compofed, Avi. Portugal, Leog, . Gdfiih, Aa'agon, and Navarre: Among tliefe,■ ¿here hath;Been two Portuguefej but as thefe copld not always live in For- J V o n I lk . - * N tugai,

4 6 D I S S E R T A T I O N S v ■ON

fit. tom. .j liv.i6ieip,j.3

■ tugaU they appointed Lieutenants in the faid Kingdom, in the Years j 270

idtmiiiii.I-'l'-This Order enjoys in Portugal die following Patrimony, twenty, three Com-

mendasi whofe Rental is .about forty dive Millions MReHfct:Annum\ includ­ing the Priory o f Crate, now or lately enjoyed by the Infante Don Frandjcot The Order hath likewife three Baiiiwits.j ..which'are,that o f Lc$a, very,profitable ; that of Acre, ad Ilmerem-, and, alternatively-with C^'/c, the grand Chanceryand Bailiwic o f Negreponte. ' ;

Its Government in Portugal is dire&ed by an Ailembly, coriipofed. o f a Prcfi- dent and all the Knights profefled, who have refided three Years in Malta*, but i f there are n o tfo u r o fth o fe to meet, befides the Prefuknt, Lawyers are called in to make up that Number.: In this Tribunal/ all the Bufinefs regarding the Order in tills Kingdom is treated iof, and the Reception o f new Brothers in the civil or criminal Caufes depending before the ordinary Judge* an Appeal lies to the faid Afiembly; and in cafe o f a fecond Appeal in the laid Caufes, it.comes. before the Affembly, under the Name o f a provincial Chapter, where many are terminated by Law , and others may be moved from the faid Chapter to Malta.

This Order hath a Receiver-general in Portugal v in whole Abfence or'Va- cancy, the Employ is ¿xercifed by one, with the Title o f Adminiitrator o f the

Receipts* ;

C H A P .

S P A I N : À n d P O R T U G A L ,

C H A P . V i l i .

A D e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e P r o v i n c e c / ’ E n t r c - D o u t o a n d M i n h o .

ISkali begin my Geography of Portugal by the Province o f Entre-Douro arid Minbo, as it is thenorthem m oft ; and where (following the Example of my

principal Authors) I have determined to commence my pfefent 0 eicriptIon of . v the Kingdom. - h ’ ! .

This Province' takes its Name froth its Situation, lying between the Rivers Dourù arid Minbo ; o f which the tirft feparates it to the North from Galicia, as the other' does it to tire South from tire Province of Beira: The other Territo­ries join eafterly to the afòrefaid Kingdom o f Galicia, and the Province of fra z

- cs Montes ; and wefterly to the Atlantic Oceàri. ItsXength, from North to South, is commonly .computed eighteen Leagues ; and its W idth, from Eaft to W eil, twelve, except in fome few Places where it .is narrower. GnparEftago

Notwithstanding the finali Extent of this Province} it is rndjfputably more p nXip! % populous than any in the Kingdom ; for, above an hundred Years ago, it was

. computed to contain upwards of 100,000 Houfes, and, on a Calculation made

.in the Year .1732, itappears from good Authority, that near 600,000 Souls .. then refided in it. This Populoufnefs is to be imputed to the great Fertility of

the Soil, and the Communication o f the Rivers with the, Sea; where they form the different Ports o f Oporto, Vi amia, Caminba, Ejpcfende, Villa de Conde, and Mafojinbos, or Port Lefa ; facilitating by this means its Commerce, which has in­creased the Number of its Settlements : Info much, that in the Province there are two coniiderable Cities, Braga, the Capital, and Oporto-, twenty fix Towns, forty fix Councils ; forty four, or, as others fay, forty eight Coutos ; and twelve Behetrias, Honours, and Julgados, Among the Towns the principal ones are, Guimaraens, Vianna, Ponte de Lima, Villa de Conde, Caminba', Barcellos, Monfaou, and Vaknfa.

This Province is enriched with feveral Rivers befides the Douro and Minbo, which ferve it as a Barrier, viz. the Lima and the Ca-oado, winch run from Eaff to W eft; the Neiva, Aloe, famega, Lefa, Scafa, and fome others. This Plenty o f W ater in fo fmàll a Territory, has not only given Occafion to adorn it with near two hundred Stone Bridges (fome o f curious Architecture), but caufes.a general Fertility; to which the exceffive Number of its Springs (commonly fard to be above twenty five thotifand) do not a little contribute. Among the Pro­ducts that i t abundantly yields, arc Wheat, Vines, Cattle, Flax (of which they make large Quantities c f Linen to fupply the Kingdom), and W ool (which fur- nifiies.Materials for a very extenfive Commerce) : T he Country alfo abounds i n . all Sorts o f Game, as the Rivers do in Variety ol Filli. N . "

In regard7 to "the ecclefiaftical State, this Province, inclpfes two Cathedrals, which are thofe!of Braga and Porto ; Eve collegiate. Churches, viz., o f Guima- ràens, Barcellos, Codfeita, E alene a do Minbo, and: jfanna ; a great Number .of Ab- bies, Monafieries and .Convents, generally, well endowed;, arid 1^00 Parlili es, as Europa Port.

. fome fay, though others count only 1148; ( T he military Orders have, alio here r’'~' m any Còrrimapderies.; among which the Eailiwic of Leca is. a principal one, .and belonging to the Religion oCMalta. ' . ' y

This

4$ . . i) I;S'S E R T A T I 0 ,:k:S^:o;N.; ,-;-1 This Province undivided into fix Juri fdiétions ; o f which three appertain to the Crown, and are therefore called Correiçoens, and the other three Ouvidorias: T h e former zr&Guimaraens, Vi anna, and Porto-, the latter, Bar cellos,. Braga, and Vaiença. In each, of the. fijrft, a Minifter aflifts for. tiré K m & ' with 'the Title o f Corregedor'-, - in the others,-; an Ouvidor, who, ihoügh difflnét in Appellation, is equal in Power. '■ 'd : ,r; ■,

This Divifion by Correiçoens and, Ouvidorias, ,was thought eafier to be. compre- . bended than the common dne by Comar cas, which lèverai .Geographers have.ufed;

becaule one arid the fame.Comarca, in virtue ô f .thejurifdiélion ■ committed' to Provedores (as Contadores? w h oarealfo o f the royal; Revenue), extend-to Lands o f different Correiçoens and Ouvidorias: T o which may be added, that the Name

. o f Comarca is equivocal, as it: fometimes lignifies Lands belonging to the Crown, -at other .Time's it extends''to a whole'Province, and often it is taken fo r tHe'ecr- ci,efialHcal Divifions o f foirte Sees ; ax for Example;' m.tlfo Ai'chbiihopric ofBraga, wherein M'eüveCàmarcas, com()rehending.thofe which this Mitre has in the Pro- . vince of Trass os: Montes, and in the Diocefe of Porto, '.where a firndaifbiyihon is alfo made. . ' 1 - ririG’ : ■ r f\

. CoTTciçaon de Guimaraens.' This Correlation is cokvppfed o ffo u f Towns, twenty Councils, fourteen Goutos,

four Honours, and one Julgado : ' W liich I ihall note in alphabetical Oftier. r 1,-:' Towns. ' ; --'I :.

Amarante, Caliavezes, Guimaraens, and Povoa* ;. . . .Councils., 1 ^

Aguiar, Aley, Gabecetras de Bafto, perolico de Bafto, Pelgueirbs, Gc/laço,- Gouveà de R.iba-Tamega, Eernicllo, , Lanbofo, Mondlm, Monte longo, R i heir a dePtna, Ribeira de Soaz, Raças, Santa Cruz de Rïba-Tamega, Sifodon de Rly, Serva, Vieira, Villa~ boa de Roda, and TJnbaon,

Coutos. . ' ‘Abhadim, Ponte-ûrcâda, Manceïïos, Moreira de Rey, Parada de-Bouro, P sdrai do,

Pombelro, Poufadella, Refoyos de Baftos, Taboado, Tibaern, Travânca, Pitas, and Vimieiro. ■ ' " " • ;

. Julgado. ' ;Lagiofo. .

Guimaraens Is fituated between the Rivej’s Ave and Vifellir, about three Leagues to the eaffward of Braga. Its Origin is attributed to a celebrated JVJonaffery o f the Order of St. Bennet, built about the Year 927, ÎU a. Garden beating .that Name, for Reafoiis which will be mentioned. Near to this Monaftery a Settlement was made, called Burgo, which afterwards alfo took , the'Name of Guimaraens', and, Anno 1096, the Earl D o n Henrique gave it a Charter. This Tow n was fubfequently inclofed with a W àll by King Permis, Containing near 850 geometrical Paces; hi which were nine:Gates,’ and.feveral Towers, railed in the Reign o f King John I.

3t is divided into the old and new T o w n ; Names, -which,, according to the Conjeéture o f the famous Antiquaiy GaJfarBftaço, proceed from, the Building

Pûntig, o f the aforefaid Walls y calling the lower' Part' the dew ( which K ing Dennis walled),cap' 61 and the upper Part (where.the'Caille is) the old Town.' T he Number, o f Fami­

lies, in the.Inclofure and Suburbs, are reckoned at near 230,6. ' :Bélides the chief Square ;(iri wh^ch ftands the Cafa.da C'amer# rahd Audiencias);

here are many others, ‘Terreiros and Roe ids Eoür parbchial (¿hnrehes, vizs "the Collegiate of Tboftra Señora da OUyeira, S « Payo,‘S< Sebaftian, sxnpS. Micbael dàCaft-- teUo, in which King AffonfidHejiriqucs was" baptized; and'twp| othéiT ànflies, that more properly .belong to the .Suburbs. The other Edifices, within and without the Walls, are, the Houfe of Mercy-, the Hofpitals of S. Paya, S. Lazarus, and S.

\ Damajb ;

S P A I N ami> P O R T U G A L.Damàfoi though fomè o f them altered from their origiiial Iiiftitution, Six Mo- - :J nafteiies or Convents, viz, Fraricìfcan Friars, Who have had various Founda- ' tions, the firft: in the Reign o f King Affonfo II : Dominican Friars, built at hr it in the T ea r 1270: T he Capuchins o f the Province, founded in 1664: T h e Nuns, of & Clara, built in 1559, and inhabited three Years a fter:1 That o f S. Roja', with Dominican Nuns, whofe Foundation was Anno 1680: And,, finally, .at a Quarter of a League to the eaftward of the Tow n, hands the Monaftery òf S:Marinici da Cojia, fo called from its Situation ; which, having been pofteffed for the Space of four- hundred Years by the regular Canons of St. Auguftn, to whom it was given by Queen Mafalda, W ife to K ing Ajfonfo-Henriques, paiTed in Com­mendarli to James Dube o f Braganqa, in the Reign of King jo in H I; and he Chronica dad granted it,: by a Brief frolli Pope Clement V ii, to the Jeromite Friars, Anno 1528.There are alfo two remarkable Houfes of Retirement for W om en; the one called Nojim 3 . de Mercèsywhofe PoiTeiTors wear the Habit o f the Order o f the holy Tri­nity1-, and that o f S :Ifabel, in the Field, whichis: nominated frorhthè Gale go, and Wherein is voluntarily obferved the Reform Of the Mother o f God o f Dijhon, with rite Hopes of profeffmg therein the Taid Rule or Order.

Am ong thefe Monuments o f Piety and Religion, the royal Collegiate o f Nojlra , Bemra:da Oliveira. holds the firft Place, to whofe Prior the T itle o f Den is an­nexed: : it owes its Original to tire celebrated Convent o f the Order o f St, BeHnet, founded1 by the Countefs Mumhdona, Aunt to -King. Ramiro II. oiLeony and has been Wery tonfidérably enriched by the various Donations of the faid Ramiro i arid, thoib o f Ordonbo-dir, - and others. This Convent,lafted, with fotfie Altera­tion, from its.firft Inftitution till the Tim e o f Earl Nenrique, or tnore probably till that o f his Son K ing Affonfo y who, exringuifhing its ancient Monks* made the Church collegiate and1 a royal Chapel : T h e Fabric o f the Church that now exifts, is'from the Tune o f K in g Jobn l, who ordered it to.be new built;, and* in fie ad o f its former Confecration to : Bontà Mari adé-Guimaraehs, it was dedi-cafed to Nojlra Señora-da Oliveira, an the YearT.342; .and'in the-Reign o f King ■ Aifonfo the Brave, ‘ ' T - n ■ ■ ' ■'

TheTaid collegiate Church is compofed o f fourteen Canon-Prebends; eight Half-Prebends and fix Half-Canonihips (of which two are Curates in the Pre- fentation of the Don P rior); and they all originally lived encl'oifiered under'the Rules , o f S tcAuguJlin, as -was pradtifed in m any Cathedrals o f the Kingdom : Gafpryfaw Its Dignitaries are; Chanter, Schoolmafter, Treafbrer, Archprieft, Archdeacon dco f Villa-Cova, 1 and Archdeacon o f Sobradello. The Kings o f Portugal formerly ^ «* granted very great Privileges, not only to the iDon Priori Dignitaries and Ca­nons o f this collegiate Church, but alfo to their Huibandmen and Stewards; th e which being wrote on Parchment, and bound in Boards covered with red .Leather, the faid: Immunities , were vulgarly called th e Privileged o f the red Boards. - y - ................ Ditto,cap.5j.

T h e D ignity o f D on Prior was always o f the royal Patronage, and at all Tim es provided by the-Kings wlthiPetfonS o f the greateft DilHmfiion, the inoft ferene Houie Braganqa not haring'difiained to-give two Prelates to this Church; ' . A t prefent (Anno 1734): the-Don Prior o f Guimaraeht is Don Joam

\ de.;Soufa, Son t o .D on Francijco -.de Poufa, Captain; o f ,the Guards*:. and Prefi- dent o f the Council Chamber ‘and Table o f Conicience; and of the Council o f

■ State. ri -- ;In fpeaking. o f1 the Prerogatives .which the. City o f Guimaraeni eh joys, .1 .(hall

obferve, that it has the Glory of being the Place where die. Kings o f Portugal firft kept .their Court,, .and the 'Birth-place of .King [Affonfo-Benrigwsi There is

■; alfo a Tradition, lufficiently authorized, that i f gave Birth to the famous Pope St. Damajir-, • but this is not to be underftood of the prefent Tow n, but o f ¿nor­ther that anciently ftood there with the fame Name* to which &>me Authors gave

V o L .ll . * 0 the

5 °

Xhuniion de C dce, CîiroA. do Priât. D. JiüO», tip-IJ.

‘ D I S S E R T A T I O N S ON.the Title o£ a City, and called k Arzua* çr Araduça.':M m y o f tile Kings 6 f i V - tugaï hâve honoured k with great Privileges, efpeciahy-.DiW.r, Alfonfi IV, mid John I. T h k laft Prince, defkous to compensate tlie Prior, ■ Don Frt Alvaro Gen* fn b èi Qtmek> o f Grata, (he Places o f which he was deprived by the K in g ’s-Re-i treat to Gajlik* granted hint the Tow n o f Guimaraens, on the 26th o f January, 1403 ; fo that he was the firft Donatario or Grantee o f that Placer which after­wards reverted to the Crown : And in Procefs o f Tim e was again dii united from it, by Jlfonfe V , in Favour of the jnoft ferene Houle 6f Bragança, and in the Perfim of Duke Fernando* the firft o f the N am e; WhofeSon, called alfo Don Fernanda* was intkled firft Earl, and afterwards Duke o f Gmmàraenj ; but being deprived of all his Eftates by Kang Jobnll* he was fycceeded by his Son the Duke j fames 1 The infante Don B u r ate* Son to K ing Mantel*. marrying with Donna Ijd- ■■ bth Daughter to tlie faid Duke, he pofiHTed tlie T ow n o f Gtnmarams* with the T itle o f a Dukedom, and in like manner his Son and Name W ake enjoyed it » but he, dying without Succeffion, the T itle became estmél; and Gumaraehs was again incorporated in the Crown, K ing P b llip l. not permitting that the moft : ferene Lady Donna Catbarina* Duchefs QÎBragança* ihould be continued in th e . Honour. ! : ; ’ ri . : • ;

This Town is the Head Of a Correiçmn* and the Refiderice o f a Corregedor\ whofe jurifdiiUon extends as has above , been mentioned- - Its Caftle hath an A P Jd e mSr* who was lately. Don Fernando de Noronbd* Ear l o f Mmfanta* and third Son to Don Lam Afaarez de Cajlro* Marqtiisde Cfifcaes* tp whom the laid Com ­mand or Office belonged, as D efendant from the Houfe -ai Caftro-Dairo ; he died On the j 3 th o f December* 1722.

To conclude this Defcriprion of Guimaraem* I muff; previoUfly add,, that be* fore the Foundation of the Town that now cjdfts, there was anotKer with the like Name on the faine* Spot, jb that it was . twice built- . And this appears, among other Proofs, that in the Fifh Market where the Church of Santiago now Jtands, there Was anciently a larger one with the fame Tide, which had ferved the Gehd tiles for a Temple dedicated to Ceres ; a manifeit Sign of their having been am> ther Town id that Situation, a Ipng Time before tbatbnilton Occafion of the Monaftery: The faid Church of Santiago was finally ruined in the Tear: 1607”; and had been a: fort of ,a Cdltegiaîe one, as appears from fundry Memorial, contending for many Yeats With the royal Collegiate, till its Prebends were fepa- rated from it, and annexed to the latter v infomuch that the Sekoolmaihey of thé Collegiate of Guiw&r-am is to , this yery Day ihritled Abbot of Santiago*

That this ancient Settlement was called Guimaraens* is proved by the Tradi­tion (corroborated hyother-Gonje unes that Pop?SltDamfo was natural of à Town or City of this Name;, which cannot be verified.,..without- fuppofHig ano­ther Guimaraens to fobfiff many Ages before 927, in which the Convent ;of St, Bennet was begun, and afterwards eredted into a royal Collegiate, as has hem before obferved-, In fine, what feems moll probable ha fudi à: Confuiion of Me­morials: (as above remarked), is* that where theTown now fhrads, there was for-, merly another* of ithe fame Denomination, which conrarnnkafed to the Garden in which the Countefs Mumadsna built her Mpfiafbery,; .and that (his in its Turn imparted the Name to the prelent Guimabaens. .. ri :1 ri “ ;ri

■ Correiçasn de Xrianna. . 1- -■- arçimfo’T^wns, HeVoVCbunais, and thirteen Coutos.

T o w n s « - i V : , ' ■ . 1 . r i ' 1" - r i - '■Areas de Vaiderez* Mcn.çacn* P.ica de Regalados* Ponte daPBarca, Ponte Je Lima, ' -

Prado, Sputo dePJbeira deipomni* Vdanm* rand ViiktrNoyo JeGerveira. p .h ‘ ' ' v 1..... 1 ■’ Councils,

S P A I N a tod P O R T U G A L . $ f

- v ■ ■ ; ■ J ■ -'Councils. ' ■' ' ' ■ 1 ■ -■ Albergatiti, 'de P snella, Bòutoy Coura, Entre FbmÉm, e Cavedo, Óeraz do Lini ti $Lindofoj. Stinta Marthti de 'Eòtitio, Santo EfevaOn da Faeha, Soajo, South de Reòords* nos, and Filiti Garcia. ■ ' ' r ‘

■ ' ' : L. Coutos.Aboliti da JSlobrega, Azevedo,, Baldreu* Boaro,. Cervaem or Vìllar de Areas, Fret-

riz , Lazio, Manbetité, Nogueira, £>yeijada, united with Bòilbbfa, Sabatiz, Stionjins> find Souto. „ I ' ' ' ■ ’

. Viaitna is fituated in 41° 44 o f northern Latitude, at the M outh o f the Rivni1 L i iti a, wh°fc Waters walh the fo nth P art o f its W alls, It was. founded by King .AJfpnjh lXi, who ¿ave it a Charter in the Year 12535 declaring: his Intention to build a Xowh in 'the Place called Atrium, ¿ear where the Lima difembogues it- ' felf into the. Ocean* and to give it the N apie o f V i anna. It Is large,- well built 5 and, befides its W alls, it is .defended tpwards the Sea with the following Forti­fications, ‘viz* 'the Calile o f Santiago 'Upon tire Bar, wifii five Bulwarks, two R a­velins, : and a wet Fbfs cut out. o f thfe live Rock, being the Work' o f PbiUp II5 O v er-again it the Bar, and’ at tile Extremity of 4 Quay, there is aho'h femicir- cuiar Platform to impede a Iioiliic Entrance. .■ ■ The Town‘ within the Walls, is divided into' the'iberni Qifttidls of the Ban^ deira, Carr d r a, Monferrate, S. Bom-Ffotnem, P oft go, S- BèHnet, and Campo do Forno.A ll which arò ip well peopled, that they exceed 3000 Families in two Parifhes:^ìz.Noftra.Sentirai da Affutnppon, made Qoìlegiàte’'by Pope;JZjv/?iVf IV, fpm eTfm e betwèen the ;Yeai‘s 1483 and 149.P, at the hifiaiice. o f Baldwin Biihop o f Ceuta, to whoie Mitre; yvefe given the Churches fepatated, from . the Cathedral o f Lug, before they paffed to the'Afchbiihops oÌBraga-, the find Collegiate is at prefent the Mother Church, infiead o f S. Salvador, which was fp many Tears before the walling th eT ow n : T h e other Farijfh is ÌAofra Bettor a de Monferratewithout the W alls. ; • y . : ‘ . ■ . . ■ ' ;■

T h e other .Edifices are, a Houft o f M ètcy, Hofpltaì, and feven Con vents,- as follow f The Mona fiery o f Santa Arina,. with Ntins o f the Order o f S. Bennet? founded in 1,5125, that o f S. Bennet, with Nuns atfo o f the fame Order* founded Bened.Lufit. hyiBrief o f Pope Paul II, expedited hi OBòb.er,' 15495 S. ribeotomo> p f regular Ca- ijons, o f wllich the firfi Stone was laid in Auguft, ,1.6315 Dominicans, , founded by. the great Àrchhiihop o f Braga, Dpn Fr. Bartholomew ¿os,Marbrés, in tfi?Street caMt& AJtamira, in 'April, 1563 - Carmelite D efa lks, whole Foundation X do pot find remarked 5 -and two o f the Capu.cU.ns p f the Province of.£. Aritonjp o f which that palled S. Francifco do Lpon/p, fiands about a Quarter Pf a League' northward o f theTow n. .

Viann.a. is a Sea-port 5 and formerly-its Bar, admitted Embarkations o f thè largeft ¡Bulk, p u t for fojne Years paft it has 'been ip ftoppéd up with Sand, that only fmaji VeiTels can go over it, cojihnojdy trading to the North, dpecially tà

. England. ' ' Its Commerce was .very .great the Beginning o f lafi Century, infor much that.it Had feven ty large Ships belonging to its Inhabitants, ch ic li prob^ biy was the Rcafon o f taking a Ship for its Arms,. ■ . •’

A t gufentViarmà is Incorporated in, the Crowh* thphgh it ; anciently apper­tained : to fomd particular Gentlemen.,1 ; K ing Peter I ; .created it an Earldom in Favour- o f Don Joaon Alfonfo Fello de 'pAenezeSj. Progenitor'to tlie Marquhlcs o f

' Villa-Real -, in 1 the Reign o f Joint I,- there was a Don Pedro de Menezes, Earl o f Nwrch.L-,.- ■' Lianna and Villa-Real, Captain ■ o f Ceuta, and firfi Admiral after the PajfanbaSj liv.iV, <ap.h. ' Aipnj'o V, ;tlib advanced Dòn Durate de Menezes, 'firfi Captain o f Alcacer. S e g u e r ,■ and his A l fetes mor, to the faid Earldom. " • A- :Jr\ J- -,

Theré -Was 'andeiitly arip&er Town-.called 'Fiama,j&s dppéarS from the Word? before cited, o f tlie Forai, ò f 'KingÀlfotijb III, featèd, a little more to the nòrth-

b 7 , ■ ward,.

wàrdj in a Mountain where is nowfeCn thé Church of SantaPucid:, Whole Foun^ dation is commonly attributed to the Celtic Gauls, almoft three hundred Years before our Redemption ; calling it Vianna, in Memory of. the City m Francew ith that Denomination, of which they were Natives; But as-there¡is no other Proof for this Suppofition or Etymology of the Appellation than the Refemblance, it may as well be alledged, that the: Inhabitants o f Vi anna ..in, th tDelfin^do were Founders Vianna de Aujlria, that in the foutHem Part o îl&olidnd, that in the : Kingdom of Navarre,, and, finally, Vi anna in the Duchy o f Borupon. the River Aifne. The ancient Vianna was an epifcopal City ;. which Dignity wâs mnited, in. the Year 6 io , tó the Church o f Fuy i n th e.K i ngdom. o f G ali età.

, It is the Head of. a Correiçaon, and Seat o f a Córregèdor,, . Preveder,. and Judge- ;de Fora. The Government o f the T òw n is by three aBroturâtor o ftKc Council, and other Minifters ; it is cuftomarily a Place, o f Aims,,where! the-:

, Maejìrc de Campo, General (who governs thofe.of the Province), refides..... ‘

T w o Leagues i o the npith-eaR o f -Valenza, hands the Tow n of Mondami, o h : the'Brink o f thé River Minbo, within a C annoti Shot of Salvate fra. • Sòme A u­thors rnflif on its having been, raifed from thé Ruins o f a very ancient rPlaca, . named Obobriga ; but although it is certain, that in Spain there was a City fo called, as, al fix that the Inhabitants o f Monçaon came from leverai Parts,: there

, is not a fufficient Foundation to credit the aforefaid_Conje£ture o f its Settle­ment. I {Kalitherefore content myfelf with typrefenting what can he more de­pended 6n in the Affah; ; which is, that the Tow n was built by King Alfonfo III. In Conto deManzedo; to ‘which lie gave Forai, in the Year 1261, and nominated ît Mûîiçaoà -, joining to it .the.JurifdidtioAs.of Baditn,. the.Council o f Penba da_ 'Rivlnba, and others: Kin g Dennis directed the'Building its W alls and Caille, to which King^/fo II. added fome other W orks. ;‘ I f is a Pince o f tolerable Strength, as will appeal' by a Defcription.of its For­

tifications. T o the Land it has five intire Bulwarks, built w ith Stone; a Guards room, with its Parapets and fécond Ramparts: The two/Bulwarks, between which Rands the Gate of. Miracles, or o f the Sun, have their lower Flanks for its

„ Defence, with a Ravelin that covers it. . Oh the .River. Side are. feed the Bul- warks of S. Benne/ and Mercy • and, to make the firff of thefe mote, prominent, the Rampart hath a Faceand a F lank which binds or ties, it with, the fécond Baf- tiphs : After the Bulwark o f Mercy, there follows a final! one, that unites with the old W all and a demi'Bulwark, at whole Foot is a,low Platform, called tra Señora da Vifia, which hath a faliant Angle in Form o f à Bulwark upon the River, and afterwards two half Bulwarks, A ll thefe W orks,’ from.the Bul­wark o f Mercy, are ihrrounded with FoiTes, except .where, the River renders it inacceifibie.

. This Town has four Gates, named Salvai err a, Rofal, da Ponte, and S. Bento ; and contains aoo Families, It has one parochial Church, dedicated to.S-Mary; which in former Times belonged : to the Biihops o f 7 by, until the Prelate, Don Joaon Fernandes Scttomayor, changed it with K ing Dennis, Anno - i 308;. and it remained a Redtory in the royal Patronage!. _ Here' is alfo a Houfe o f Mercy, an Hoipital, and a Convent p f Francifcan Nims, .tKe,Timef o f . vvhofe,Foundation does not appear: The Benedidtine Nuns were removed from hence a few.Years 'ago to Bar cellos, after officiating fonie Tim e in the Seminary of Braga. [ -,

The Lordihip o f this X ówn, King John I, gave to Dopo, Fernandes Pacheco in the Year 1423, fiut he foonranfonied it again fo ra Suih o f Money: RingJ^ctyp V . alfo ceded it to Don Affonfo,.~E-3d\ o f Ourein, eldeft..Son Id. the pvike-|òfByàgariça-, but it was fo oppyled by the Inhabitants, that the royaf tyrant neveytook. Ef-

■ feéf, and they were able to. prevail withjfaZwjl, that it ifiould .no.more;be.alie-nated from thë'Crown,'except to obfei uiaté any of. theifQueens. ' ■ 'T_... . A famous

a. ... D I S S E RT A T I ON’ S o>V

S P A I N A K b P O R T ü G A L.' A famous Siege, which the Inhabitants freed themlelve's front: by. the Stratagem,

of a valiant Matron in the Reign of Fernando,. -gave Rile to the Arms the Town* bears, allufive to the P adti Though, in the Year 1659, it was .taken; by A he Spaniards, after a Sitting1 down .before it. lèverai Months, and reftoredby the- Peace of. 16681 Its Government; confifts of a Jid z de Fora, three Vereadones; Procurador do Gonûelfao,1 and other Minifters. , .

F otite de Lima has its Seat on the BgrVks of the Rivet Lima, three Leagues to the e aft ward o f Vianna: This Tow n is likewife dite of thole tirât has beenre- édified feveral Times,, as appears, from various Memorials. Itá Foundation' iá. attributed to the Greeks dr Celtic Gauls, many Years before the Coming o f C hriltj’ infomuch that, in the Tim é o f the Romans, it was known by the Name o f Formii L i mi cor dm. ' Being defolatéd by tlie général Invalid h o f thé Moors, it was or- dët.ed to "be rebuiltby~ Queen Xarga, '-Mother tÓ ' ft mg ' Àjfonj0-Henriquesr, Aiind 1125; and,' filfteringftñ ’Tithe a hew Calamity,, i t wás r éft o red by K in g Peter 1.' in '1366 : 'Oh*Which Oécafiôn the Site was lome thing moved, the W alls were' iaifed, and other Work's added, as at- pre'fent exiftj its famous Bridge was gifo, now b.u,ilt between two Towers, without^giving its Name .to the Place; as fome might at firft fuppdfe, having been known bÿ thé Appellation of Ponte de Lima fo r ’hiany Ages, às Will appèàr;by fun'dry Memorials,1; éxclufive of the Charter o f Affhnfo-Flenriqùes, he being then drily infante. Thé T ow n is well-built, with five Gates - which are that o f Soule, do Pçjfiga, da Ponte, de S. pfoaon, and that o f Êragà. ,ít$ Inhabitants, including tíioíé o f thé Suburbs, amount to 700 f a ­milies, among which aré lome very aiicrènt and hoble.

One o f the principal Édifices of this Tow n is the Church of N..S. da Ajfump- çaon, made Collegiate at tlie'Inftanc.e of the Arclibifhop o f Braga, D on Fr, Bare tbolo meta dos'Martyres'.' It was anciently o f the. royal ‘ Éatrondgé, -until, K in g Pancho II, gave it to tile 'Aréhbiíhop of Braga, Anno' 1238, id Compénfatioii o f' forde Damages winch hé' had made thé fajft Church to fuffef, add it remained a; mitred Priorihip ; though it dmft bé.óbferved, that in Acknowledgment for what' K id g, 'Sebaflian concurred in the EréíHon'of this Collegiate, there remained to his Saccefiors the Nomination to four o f the féven'Benefices in the faid Church, ‘ the other three remaining at the Difpofition o f the Archbiihdp. T he other pub­lic Buildings confift in a Honfe of Mercy, three Hofpitals, and two Convents, viz, th& Çapucbins o f the Province of St. Anthony, the Tim e of whofe Foundation is uncertain; and the Nuns o f the Order o f St.Francifco de Val de Pereiras, half a Quarter of a League from the ToWn, founded Anno 1515, which was before oc­cupied by Friars of the lame Order : And, finally, the Palace of the Vifcóunts o f Villa-Nova de.Cervesra, who are Alcaides mores o f this Tow n.

Formerly Ponte de Lima was the Heàd-of a Correiçaort, until- theft aft Years o f the Spanijh Government, when this Preeminence palled to Vianna. I,ts Minifters are, a yuiz.de Fora, three Voceadores, a Procurador do Concelho, and others.

Villa-Nova de Cerveira ftands on the Banks o f the River Minbo, at the Foot o f the Mountain called S. Payo, and fronting the Fort o f Gayaos in a low Situa­tion, two Leagues above Caminha to tire, north-eaft, and five below Mcnçaon. It took its Name from an Hind found here, as the Inhabitants relate, and from this Accident took the faid Animal for its Arm s; the Addition of Villa-Nova pro-

■ cçéded frem its Renovation,, after moving from das Vqlinhap whereat firftftood.: its Foundation is;attributed to K ing JDennis, who gave it its Forai, Anno 1321,

having difmembered Part-of-the Territory o f Gdmhtha in its Favoup;yitris iup- pofed that Durâte Nunes de Leqon (Author.of. this Account)..only lpeaks o f the Building the Caftle,-which, as is conje&ured, gave Birth to the T ow n r It. con­tains 250 Families, including the Suburbs, and among the Inhabitants there are. many -diftmgmfhed for.fheir .Qualify; -Notwithftanding, the Situation,.- com-.,

. V opfJI. * P manded

5+

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

manded By various Padrdfios, . as well oii! the Side o f Portugal as Galt:cia,.\i\\^ the following Fortifications. Oppofite to Fori de Gayaon (belonging, to: the Spa­niards) is the ancient W aif' and near it a Stone Battery-or Platform; capable o f mounting four Guns j belldes, the Circuit of the Suburbs is fortified with; four, whole Bulwarks» a Half one» and three Redoubts by the.River, all cloathetfwith Stone and Mud, fourteen Palms high and nine thick, and their Parapets made With earthen C lods: The Fofs is lixty Pahns wide and fifteep deep. A. thou- fand Feet from the Place -towards Caminha, .where, tile River is narroweft and deepeil, lies a Rock called the,Caflcilhiho, lbpmated from tiie Continent by a Remnant of Ground, feventy. Palms long and. thirty .wide f in it there is,,a-Pa­rapet, m the Figure o fa Platform, for the Defence'of Paflengers and the Fiihery. A t two thoufaiid and two! hundred fe e t towards Vakni^a, ftands a Gort: ,called Azcvedo, after its Builder, Majlre, de-,Campo _Gcneral, Doll prancifcQ. ffAffevedoP who ercried it. in tlie Year 1663 : It is fituated in Novelbe,,:on .tfe Derated:Ridge o f a Mountain, and ferves to cover .the Place on that Side again if Any Attack, from Galicia-, it is a Pentagon, covered by a Stone W a if with its Quarters and. Lodgings. . h - r if . f T p Y ''. v

Tins Town hath four G ates; which are, da Campanhato the -Fforih,1 fh at which is called behind the Church to the Eaft, _ the Porta Nova to' the,Sputhu and. the River-Gate to the W eil. . Among its public Edifices, the chief is the. M o­ther Church of M. Cyprian, the only Pariih, and formerly an Abby in. the foyal G ift, but now a Prefentation o f the Vifcounts : Befides w hichthere is a Houle o f Mercy, an Hofpital; and at the Top o f a Mountaui, at a fmall Diilance' from the Town, the Convent o f S. Pay a dos M i Ingres, ppifeiTcd by Francifcdn Friars, though the Time o f its Foundation is not mentioned. T h is .Place was created a. Vifcounty by K ing Affonfo V , in Favour o f Don Leonel de Lima, whofe Defcepd- ants obtained foomPriV/p III.‘the Preeminence o f Earls: In fome Memorials we find that the faid K ing Affonfo gave him the Lordihip o f it ; but the intended Honour was rendered abortive by the Oppofition it met w ith from the.InliabF. tants, who did not flop here, but prevailed with Philip. IV . tp annex it to the- Crown, Its Government conftRs o f a J u iz de. Para, three Fereadcres, and other cuRomary Minifters.

Ouvidoria de Bar cellos.Takes in fevenTowns, three Councils,five Coutos,onejulgado, and one Honour.

Towns,Barcellos, Cafiro Laboreiro, Efpofende, Famedcaon,Melga$o,Rates, and F ilh deCpnde,

Councils.Larim, Portella das Cobras, and Villa-Chatia.

CoutoS.Cornelbdna, Fragofo, Gotidufe, Pahneira ou Landim, and Villar de Frudesl ■ .

Julgado.Vermoim.Honour. 1Fralaens.

Barcellos Rands three Leagues to the weilward o f B?-agd, and feyen to the northward of Porto, on tlie Banks of 'the River Cavado, at about two Leagues Diilance frbm the O.cean, where lies* the Par de EfpofendeJ T h e Foundation o f this Place is as uncertain as the Etymology o f its Appellation; fo that Ifhall only ■ ky> h paifes for one o f the ancienteR o f the Kingdom, having had itsffrOcura- dor in the Cortes o f Lamego, arid other Memorials mention its having received a Foral from feing Affonjb-Henriqttes, It is mclofed with W alls arid two Very high

Towers,

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L . 55Towers* .the W ork o f thfe .firft Duke of.Bragança-, has four G atd , .viz-. that pf the Bridge Tower, Porta Nova, Porta do Falls and that of. the -Lower Fountain, befides fome Poftems : Including the Inhabitants of the T ow n and Suburbs, they are computed to exceed 500. Families* among which are l'ome both ancient and noble* Its Diftriét is fo large arid populous, that in the W ar with Spain (finished by the Peace in 1668), it fumiihed three effective Regiments, 500 Carts,1500 Pioneers, beftdes M ilitia, ' Nübil. Portujfi

T h e principal Edifices âne the collegiate Church oiNojlra Señora da AJfumpçaffi, ” p’ 9' commonly called the Collegiate of Bar cellos, founded: by Fernando I. Duke o f Bra- gançd, and'confirmed by Pope Paul II. in 1474 s this Church hath the Dignita­ries ofiPrior, Chanter,. Schoolmafter, Treafurer and Archpiieft, two whole Ca- nonihips, and fome other Beil dices, all in the Prefentation of: the m olt ferene Houfe o f Bragança, But the Dignitaries are confirmed by thé Archbiiliops o f Braga; T he parochial Church o f St. Andrew, a Vicarage, o f which the Prior o f Bar cellos is Patron: A, Houfe o f Mercy, an Hofpital ; and a Convent o f Capu­chin Friars, fituated in the Càmpo de F'eira, o f which they took PoiTeflion in tire Year*'1563, having before been occupied by cloÿftered Monks ; and fome Y ears- fince camé hefe fforii Monçaon tire B enediSfine; N u ns, after having been lodged in the Seminary- o f Braga.

Barcellos-ènjoÿs tjie Prerogative of being the firft Earldom o f Portugal after fet­tling the Kingdom ; for; although it had fevefal with; this T itle previous to the laid Period, it does not appeal'that any particular Lord ill ip was appointed fo as where precifely to fix the Honour. King Dennis created D on Joaon Ajfonfo Pelles de Menezes, the firil Earl' o f this Tow n, in 1298 ■ to whom fucceeded fix others o f different Houfes, among whom was. Don Pedro, Aüthor of Nobiliarchia For- tugueza, and Son to the Paid King Dennis, unto the Year 1385; when King ‘John I. granted this Earldom to the Gonflable Don Nuno Alvar es Pereira, who ceded it in Dow ry to his Son-m -Law Don Ajfonfo, a Branch o f the m oil ferene H oufe o f Bragança : In whom the T itle continued till the Reign o f K ing Sebaf- tian,- who changed it into a Dukedom, - though ftill in Favour of the Heirs o f that Fam ily; and the firfl Duke o f Barcellos was Don Joaon, Son to D on Pbeo- dofio I. Duke o f Bragança.

This Tow n is the Head o f an 'Ouvidoria, and the Refidence of an Ouvidor and J u iz de Fora, put in by the moil ferene. Houfe o f Bragança: T he reft o f the Go­vernment depends on three Fereadpres, one Procurador do Concelho, and others.

EJpofende is one o f the fix Sea-ports of the Province o f Entre-Douro e Mitéo, feated three Leagues diftant to the fouthward o f Vianna, in tfie Latitude o f forty one Degrees and thirty four Minutes, on the feptenfrional Border o f the River Çavado,. about' fix hundred Paces from its Mouth. On the other Side of the River, Southward, Rands Fpon,.:which for fome Tim e contefted the Duties o f the Bat with Efpofende, till i t vyas determined in Favour o f the latter, as the qldeft Settlement.of the two.; it is fuppofed to have been built a little more than. an hundred Years ago,, and fome add, that its Inhabitants are a Colony from St,Miguel das Marinhas;, T h e Port is Incapable to receive only Boats and fmall Vef- fels. that draw little Water, as at high Tide, there is - fcarcely two Fathom- - Near the T ow n is a final'll Fort, on the. Bax, advancing landward, and. a Platform to the Sea, for the Defence q f the Bar arid. Cavaliers of Faon which are two Ranges ofStonesimd.in-fhe W ater, abouton e-th ird ofa League : Between the Land and theTaid Cavaliers,, there, is. a {\ÆcizntSorgidoiiro, which in cafe o f Emergency may ferye for. Shelter to V effels, .being between five and fix F athom deep at h igh W ater.

Tiris.T ow nhath à parochial Church, .tolerably large, with a Houfe o f M ercy arid aaHofpita].. . f its Government îsmnder the Direction o f an ordinary Judge,•thrra Vem dçm ,. arid Procurador do Concelho, elected tpennially by the People;

the

D I S S E R T A T I O N ' S ? ci rithe Ok« * / o f BarctUcs prefiding, as the Tow n belongs to t ie ttoiife1 of 'Bra*gangai' It hath likewife; an Adniiniftratorf and other 'Officers o f the Cuitam -' hOufc, appointed by the King. "" ,-*■ [,J' " ■' ■ '

• Metgtyo; is iituhted three ¡Leagues above Mongaon to the north-eaih 'at,arIittie Diftance from the River Minhp, which bounds it omthe North,; as Part o f the River Varfeas (which dmdesPsm/g<z/ from Galicia) does to the Raft. ;

fonfo-Renriques .founded it ili the Year 1170: Sancba II. granted it a Charter ^ntf great Privileges, which A jfu fo U l, confirmed, ordering that it ■ fhoufd’ contain. 350 Families; and intending to honour it in a peculiar Manner, he granted its - inhabitants, the Preeminence'of chufing the Alcaide o f the Cattle, promiftng' to .confirm the Eleclion, provided it was. hi a Native of the Kingdom, a Soldier by Profeffion, and capable o f the E m ploy: Finally, K ing Dennis encompafied i t vyfth Walls, thirty. Palms high,- making, near’ a Square. . For its better Defence,-1 it has a Caftle {landing, with a Barbacan, compofedoft tlireeRedoubtsiand- three’ demi Baftlons, winch, run round it; to the North, two Bulwarks join, the fai<f Barbacan; and, on theotherSide, a Bulwark upon a fe z o , , w ith .a D en ffllf in-! Head of a flanked Angle, the Situation not a llow in gof any other Wot}c : ^Oppb- fite to a Hill, which commands the Caflle to the northward, it has a Horn-Work with its Fofs. ■■■ ■ . W ^. This Tow n, confrfts of. 109 Families, aa cording to. fopie Accounts, compfe-.

hended in one Parifh. It has a Houfe o f Mercy and an Hoipifal, although with, but fmall Rents ; W ithin its Territories are feveral Abbies and Vicarages, many, o f which are in the Prefentation of the Monaftery o f Paderne. .

.. T he Government is under a fu iz de Boraij two. Vereadores, and Procurador do Qpncelho; w hich,. as in. Eppfend? ,. are pledted every three Years, the Ofvidor'o f Barcelks prefiding, as well here as there, arid, for the lame Reafons.

Ouvidoria de Valença. T

T liis is.the Imalleft Ouvidoria in the Province, as it only comprehends tftreç; Towns and two Coutos. ■ , . .... ;

Towns. ■ . ;Caininb a, Valença, Valla dares, ... J Y

’ ■ CoutOS. : ■ -Pûy,Peaens and Paderne. ■ Y-' 'U.n' ■ ’

Valmça has its Situation on the northern Border o f the Province, and on an Eminence, ferving as'a Frontièr, and lying almoft North and South with the; City of Tay, from which it is about half a Cannon-ihot'diilaiit, upon the Banks’ o f the River Minbo. Some Authors affirm it to have been a Foundation o f V i­ridi us* s Soldiers; whom, after their Reconciliation with Deci us fimiùs Brutus, the Roman Conful, he permitted to raife this Tow n, 106 Years before our R e­demption. Others pretend, that it owes its Settlement-to K ing Rancho 1 Y be-' caufe when Affonfo II. gave it its Cliarter, ih Augujl, 1217, he expreffes therein that1 his Father had made it another Grant, fimilar to th is : W hich, however, is no Proof o f its Non-éhftehce for iîtany Yeais before, as it might have been de- flroyed by ÛiSLèoneJe, and K ing Sancho repeople it. Tt was Toon again laid wafte, either by W ai; or Tòme other Difafter, fo that Affônfo W. hew peopled.it; and, as it formerly had changed its Appellation o f Cent raj}a for that o f VdlençàçXhe. neigh - Louring Towns now commonly called it Valença de Cmtrafta. "C \ ; . --Y

It formerly had the Title" o f a' Marquifate; with the Gircumilahce o f its beings the firft of ali thé Kingdom;1 and -w&s givén-hy- K iiig Affd?ifo^i to D on Affonfo, eldeft Son to thé firft OukeoCBragança: -Gh-his Deàth/his laid Majefty eieéled it into an Earldom, in Favour' of Dòn Henfiaiie"de -Mened.es, -Ear 1 o f Louie-, or of'

f his

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L.his Father; Don Durate de Menezes, Earl of Vi anna. . In T ime this ! Lord fhip fcl I ; into the PpiTeiTion o f the Marquifles o f Villa-Real, and Co remained till the Death of the lait M arquisi and the Duke o f Caminha, his Son, a little after the Ac­clamation o f .King John IV, reunited to the Crown this T ow n ,, and the other Eilates belonging, to the faid Grandees : They were afterwards incorporated in the. Houfe o f hjdntiido, as I fhali more extenfivelyexprefs in deicribing the Pro­vince o f iTraz os Montes, to. whieh the Ouvidoria o f Villa-Real belongs. Finally, King John V, defirous to compenfate the Earl o f VIM Jo, for his Pretentions againlt the royal Exchequer about Pernambuco, granted him the Title, o f M ai-. Cjuis o f Valença. _ t

T he Fortifications of this Place are the following, ones1, u k A Crown W ork, on the Frill o f Bom-Jefus, with:three Bulwarks advanced,to the Field, and two demi Bâfrions. joined to the-Fofs. o f the.Place, all of Stone and Mortar, its Cu- nettes and Cordon of Mafonry • a Guard-room and fécond Ramparts: In F ron t. o f the Gate, on one Side o f this W ork, is a Ravelin for its Defence; and on the. other Side, another Ravelin with its .counter Guard. The Body of the Place con­flits o f feven Bulwarks of Stone and Mortar, joined with the old W all, to which, are newly added- fome Curtains ; aSjthcfe Walls were very high, and the Foifes very deep, there were added three Bâfrions a Cavalier, one .in another, two of them with Faces, and low and high Flanks ; In the Circumscription are three Ravelins ; two o f which cover the Gates, and.flank the Territories, which are deep; and the third that defends the Front, and Rands without, fweeping à low Piece which extends to the River: In a large Curtain is A tenaille, 'made by Monf. de Vdnban, and in another a Falfe-bray, with an Angle falianr, to cover the Fofri

T he inhabitants amount to about 200 Families, divided into three PariiheSj r iz ; the Collegiate o f St. Stephen within the Walls (of which I ihalf ipeak more prefently) ; Nojfa Senhora do Chrijlablo, an Abby of the Houfe of VU la-Real, though by others counted a Parifh ; and Nojjd Senhora dos Anjos in Orgeira. The other public Buildings are, a Houfe o f Mercy, an Hofpital, and two Convents ; the one, St. Salvador de Ganjey, Friars o f the Order of S. Rennet, which appears from good Authority to have been built before the Year 691, and is about half a League from the Tow n ; the other is Santa Clara, occupied by Francifcan Nuns, though the Tim e of its Foundation is uncertain.

T h e Collegiate of St. Stephen, a parochial Church of the Town, as abovemen- tloncd, had its Beginning from fome Canons o f the Cathedral of Fuy ; who, deeming the Election of Popes Urban VI. and Boniface IX. (whom the Portu- guefe followed) more juft than that o f Robert, Son to the Duke o f Genebra, who took the Name o f Clement VII, and was acknowledged by France and Spain, re­tired to Valença, and, favoured by King John I, o f Portugal, they there formed a new Chapter; and as the Biiho.p o f Pay immediately iequeftered their Prebends, they remained' enjoying for their. Support1 the Rents which that Mitre pofiHFed in the Kingdom, from 230 Churches that Pheodomire K ing of the Suevt, gave to the Cathedral o f Puy, between the Rivers Minho and Lima.

T he Paid Canons remained in this manner for many Years, naming Admini- flrators from among themfelves,/Kil- the.Infante Don Pedro, .taking pn himfelf the Goyemment of the Kingdom during the Minority p f hiS Nephew'King Af-.

fonfo V ,i intirely Teparated the aforementioned Churches from- the Bfthopriç o f <Fuy, by a Brief from Pope Eugeni us IV,. obtained1, at th e R e q u e il'o f the1 In­fante; and the Collegiate o f St: Stephen remained , a Peculiar,) exempt from all epifcopal Jurifdiftiom : V •

Some Tim e after tire aforeiaidKing Ajfoiifo V , .being defiroüs to compenfate the.Biihops ot Ceuta for fome Hands, Viz. Olivença, Cpjpomayor, and Ouguella,■ Which he had feparated from the Bifhopric.of Badajoz, in Favour o f the Arch-

V ol. IL * C p j biiliops

S 8 D I S S E R T A T I ON S O i l

biihops of Braga, obtained from Pope Sttitits IV , that, in help of thé laid Ter­ritories, he fhould give that o f Valent a to the Biihops o f Ceuta ; But it after*, wards proving very incommodious by the Diftance from Æentejo to the Minho, for the Inhabitants to have Recourfe to the A rchbifhops o f Braga, a lie W Agree­ment was made between the Primate Doll Dtogo de Soufa, aiid Don Fr. Henrique Biiliop of Ceuta,, in the Reign of King Manoel, add by a Brief of Pope Leo X, expedited ill June, 1513, by which the Diftriét o f Vaknça returned to the Arch- biihop of Braga ; and Ôlivença, Campomayor and Qnguella, were re-annexed to tlie Biihopric o f Ceuta: Though thefe I aft Territories had yet another Mutation, being given to the Biihopric o f Ehas, on the firft Eftabifthment o f that Mitre, configning to the Biihops o f Ceuta, inftead thereof the annual1 Sum o f 1500 Cruzados on tile Biihopric b f Algarve, ' .

The Collegiate of St. Stephen is compofed o f four Dignitaries, viz. Chanter, Treafurcr, Schoolmafter, and Sub-Chanter. Its Canonfliips, as they were many,' and with but fmall Rents, were reduced by D on Rodrigo da Cunba,. Archbifhop

Hiiior. Eccii- o f Braga (as lie writes), to eighteen. They have: the VifiCof thirty twoChurches, including thofe of Vlanna and' Caminha.

wm.i.car.50. Yakn^a is the H eld o f ah Oumidoria, and tlie Refidence o f an Owuidor, befides a Jid'z de Ford. The particular Government of this Place is by three Vereadores, and Procuration do Concelbo, elected.triennially by thePeople, under tlie Preiidence o f the O moi dor.

Caminha is the firft Pom in tlie Province of Fntre-Douro e Minho, beginning to tlie northward; to which follow thofe of Vlanna, Efpofende, Villa de Conde, Le ça or Matoflnbos, and Porto, in tlie Order we obferve. This T ow n is feated in 41 Degrees and 56 Minutes Latitude, three long Leagues dbove Vidnna, between the Rivérs Minho and Com-o, at a' little Diftance from the Sea-fhore : T he Minho, after incorporating with the other River, near to a fraall Ifland, forms two Bars, that to the North belonging to Galicia, and the other to the South appertaining to Portugal ; - the Ifland is inhabited by the Portuguefe, and has in it a fquare Fort, with tWo whole and two demi Baftions ; in the. Middle,of which fprings an Angle faliant, by reafon of a Capuchin Convent which ftands there : A ll the W ork is of Stone and Mortar, with its Magazines and Lodgments;

The Foundation of this Tow n is attributed by various Authors to 1 fome o f Ulyfes’s Companions, after the famous Expedition to Troy -, but it is, with more Probability, aftigned by others to K ing Affonjo III. in 1265: Though not with a total Certainty; for, from the Context of the Words alledged for a Proof, it only appears that the faid Prince ordered the Walls to be built, which he might do, without inferring therefrom that the Place was not very ancient, although the Greeks fliould not have been its Founders, In the Year 1284, K in g Dennis granted it the fame Charter as to Valença.

Caminha is at prefent a Place tolerably well fortified, as it has an exterior W ork, within which ftands a Convent o f Nuns, with a Stone Trench, Parapet, and Banquette, that defeends by the River ahnoft 320 Yards, with its Rendents, a fmall Bulwark, and demi Bairion : A t the Extremity, upon a great Platform, ftands a fquare Fortin o f demi Baftions, which looks towards the River, mak­ing a ‘Tenaille on that Side, and another on the Land Side, Where the Entrance o f the Gate is ; the chief Place is" feparated from this Outwork by.a Fofs, and a fimilar W ork runs along, thé River, till it joins with thé old W all of the Tow n; in it are two fmall demi Baftions, . and fucceffively another great one. unites it to the faid W all, with a good Battery on the River. Turning, to the River Coura,- which encircles the eaftern Part of tlie Place, and clofe to -it joins..the Minho, is feen another Trench in Redents, . diftant ib8o Feet, Which has at the Head a. fmall Bulwark, conjunct with the aforementioned Battery : Following. theTr.ench

of

59oi -the River Cour a. on. the Land Side, called ArgadeCouni, _ you fee a very great fenûtdk, with a .demi Baifion towards the River, à .Bulwark on the other Side, and d'large Ravelin fronting tire Curtain; the Fortification pf the Place conti­nues irregular, with three demi Battions and a.whole Bulwark, encircling, a Ca­puchin Convent, built in an Ifland, 'and from hence to the River with fome An­gles Rentrants. On. the Land Side all is farrounded by Foifes, with their covert W ays, Parapets and Efplanades, which Folles feparate them from the Outworks; in one o f the demi B aidons, {landing on the Land Side, there is a Cavalier to command a low Piece of Ground. The.Place hath three Gates ; one that com­municates with the Outworks.; another with the River Cour a, and alfo to em­bark for the Mitlho ; apd the third-to the Land.j ; This Town contains near 500 Families, included in one P a riiliw h o fe Church is dedicated to Nojja Benbora da AJfumpçaon, now a Rectory, though formerly an Abby belonging to the Houfe of Villa-Real ; this Church was begun building in the Year 1488, toTeiVe the Inhabitants in head of Nojfa Senior a da Eucarnaçaon, fitüated without the Suburbs,. The other Édifices are, a Houle of Mercy, two Hofpitals (one o f them for1 Soldiers) ; a Convent o f Francifcan Nuns, built by Don Andr. de Noronba, Bifhop o i Portalegre, in the Year 156.1 ; and another o f Capuchin Friars, of the Province o f S. Antonio, whofe Fabric was owing to the Marquiffes o f Villa-Real in 1618; to wldch tnay be added, the little Con­vent or Oratory belonging to the laid reformed Monastics, built in the I Hand aforefaid,

Caminha enjoys the Privilege o f being a Couto-ior all Sorts o f Homicides, pro­vided the Ctime does not include Treafon agahift his divine or human Majeity. It was anciently an Earldom, made fo by K ing Ajfonfo V , in Favour of D o n P c- dro AharesSottomayor; Vifcount of Thy,1-who came from Galicia to.ferve this Kingdom : T he Honour afterwards went to the Houfe, o f Villa-Real, with the T itle of a Dukedom, in the Reign o f Philip III. K ing of all Spain-, and, finally, by the Misfortune which happened to that Family in the Year 1641, all thefe E fiâtes were united to the Houfe o f Infant ado, and are at prefent pofieifed hy the moft ferene Infante Don Francifco. -- T h e Government conflits of a jü i z de Fora, three Vereûdores, Procter odor do Concelho, and other Minifters. 1 ‘ -

S P A I N A N D P Q R T U G A L.

Ouvidoria de Braga.,Is compoied o f one City and thirteen Coutos, in the Form following.

City.Braga.

Coutos,. Arcntim, Cabals, Cambezes, Capeiros, Dbrnellas, Ervededo, Feitofa, Goivaens, Moure, Pedraha, Provefende, Pidha, and Ribatua.

- T h e City o f Braga is jfituated in a pleafant Plain, encompaffed by the Rivers Cavado and Defe-, the firit on the North, and the other on the South; three Leagues from Bar cellos to the Eait, and five from tire Ocean, where the Cavado forms the Port o f Efpofmde. Various Opinions have been propagated concern­ing tile Original1 of this City:; but. the ntoft probable feem to'conclude its being erefted by the Greeks, a little'after the Deftrudtion o f T >-oyIn. which Sentiments I follow the Authority o f the fecond Pliny, and.the famous Antiquaries I have formerly ■ quoted, Gafpar Eflayo, \And'r, de Refende, and theArchhrfhop .Don Rodrigo; da Cunba. The Name o f Braga is derived .from.a pertain- Veftment, wofe by its ancient Inhabitants: As, by a paralel R.eafon,. Gallia. Narboncnje was called Gallia Braecaia, and- from that City all. the: Natives :were.. deno­minated Brace arm-, o f which Mention is made in the m oil ancient Hiftories,

. Braga

6à D I S SE R T A T I O N S O N

Braga hath beeii fubjeft .to various .foreign Nations, u/ia to its Fo.upders tiie Greeks\ the Carthaginians (the Grecians immediate Succeftbrs); the Romans (who drove out the People of Carthage) ; the Sttevi (who in their Turn 'ejefted the Re­mans) ; the Goths ovRice-Gotbs (who deftroyed the Kingdom vi'Sucvi) ; : the Moors; (who conquered the Goths) ; and, finally, the-Kings of.LvYvV.who twice over­came thefe latter. " ■

T o this Change of Mailers it frequently ovved its Increafé f For thé Romans, befides giving it the Title o f Àugujla, as. appears , by the following Infcrijption found there, - 1 ; : - v :' ■

Udal ap Rhyf. ISlBl.' AUG. SACRVM. . *Curiof- in Sp. LVCRETIA. J'l DA, . ■- ■> : . .& Port, p .iia . . ,

SACERDOS. PKRP. - ^ .... .ROMAE. ET, A V G .';. , ' - r - '

CONVENTVS. IiRACARAVG. n .V. D,

made it one o f the feven Chanceries or jurldicial Colleges o f Spain Citerior, yAtlx. lb extenlive a Jurifdiflion, that it comprehended-twenty fpur Cities; ill whofe D iilrifts and Dependencies were reckonedny^ooo-Families, allobhged to pro- fecute their Law-fults at Braga, . The .Suevi- Kings. Hill honoured it more, by making it their Refidence,. and.kept.their. Court there, fo r the Space of 163 Years..

Bragawas twice taken, by the Moors, -and reftored byth oK in gs of Leatj, un­der whofe Dominion it remained for many Years; as the Marriage of Queen Ra­ng a did not feparate it from the other Eftates of thofe Princes, which, with the other Countries, now form the.Kingdom of Portugal. ,

T h e Royalty, o f this City, and its Coutos,;.belong to.the Archbifhops, Primates, with all the Jurrfdidlion, civil and criminal, high and:lovy, pure and mixed Irn- perie: So that he is fpiiitual,and;temporal:Lord- of it, and therefore lie wears a Sword by his Side, and.carries, a Crofiet* in his Hand; and no Corregedores, nor any other Miirifters of the,King, are admitted help, not even in Infurreftions, i f not required by or with the Confent o f tire'Archbifhops. For the Admini- ilration of Juilice, thefe Prelates have a Court, not . only ecclefiaftical but lecu- lar, which takes Cogniiance o f all Caufes, civil or criminal; But with this D if­ference, that the civil Caufes, of whatfoever Import they be, as alfo the crimi­nal of the Coutos, are finally determined here without A ppeal; but in criminal Caufes of tire Inhabitants o f the.City and. its Diilri.ft, the Oigoidor of, the Arch- bifhop tries only the firit Inilances, and he may. be herein appealed from to the K ing’s Courts.

This Jurifdifton and Lordihip, which is tire greateft o f any other Donative, was given to the Church o f Braga by the King o f Leon, Ajfonfo V , great Grand­father to Queen Rare]a; which ihe afterwards confirmed in the Year m o . The Prelates of Braga peaceably enjoyed this PofTeffion, until the Reign, o f Ajfonfo II, who deprived the Archbifhop, Don EJlevaon Soares de Syfoa, o f tire aforefaid Ju- rifdiftion: But he havingRecoUrfe to Pope Honorius III, obtained that all ihould be replaced on its former Footing, a little before the Death o f the faid King A j­fonfo, which happened, in'the Year 1223; though it was really King Sancho, his Son, who complied with the Adjuilment.

In tire Reign o f R in g j^/w I. o f Portugal, the Lordihip o f Braga] (and that o f Porto) was united-, to: the Crown, in virtue of an Agreement made between the faid Prince and the Archbi£hop. Don Martinho Ajfonfo Pires: da Char ticca, in the Year 1402; in which, cxclufive o f other advantageous Conditions; to the Primate, the King ltipulated to give him for the Cdlion 0 f R raga, gnd r ts Coutos, all the Taxes which the, new Street -in Lijbon. anti the Tow n 'of Viai\nat paid him, which imported at that Time to 1394 LRares. ^ ./('. ■ '

Seventy

SP A I N , A N D P O R TU G A L. 6 1

“Seventy, Years after, K iïég-Affonfo V, Grandfon to John I, reftored thé faid Honour and Jurifdi&ion to. the Archbifhopsj by another Contrail, fettled in Elvas> the 12th Day of March, 1472: But as the Rents o f the new Street in Li]'-

■ bon and of Vianna had augmented very confidar ably, the K ing compenfated this Increafe to the Archbiihopsj by giving them the Lands near tile River Gua­di ana, which formerly appertained to the Bifhapric Of Badajoz, viz. Olivmça, Campomayor, apd O ugnella -,- and for this P Ur pole he feparated them frotri the Bifh op rie of Ceuta, Henceforward the Royalty of . this City, and its Coutos, have always belonged to the Primacy; without any repeated Dlfturbance to its Poffeffion.

T h e greateft -Prerogative of the Church o f Bragat- is; its being thé oldeft Biihopric of all Spain, having-bedri illuminated by the ApoftleSt.^;/;«-, as all Spanijh Writers 'allerti and fome .confiderable Authors pretend, that he ap­pointed S. Pedro de Rates for its Bifhop. O f this fifft Prelate itwaS,- that the Bifhop of Thy, Don Erudendo de Sandoval, giving too' great ifaith to fome an­cient Manufcripts, faid to have been dìfcoVered in the liland of Sardonia, he relates the fubfequent Fables : (t That'S. Pedro de Rates was a Jew1 by. Birth, and Son to the Prophet Urias, called by Ajitonomapa, Samuel the Youth, or Mala­ccas the Oidi that having palfed over to Spain, with the Tribes, which Nebuchad­nezzar King o f Babylon fent there, he Was raifed to Life, by the Apoftle, fix hun­dred Years after his Death, in order to leave him Biihop:-of Braga.” Thefe Forgeries are learnedly confuted by the fo often cited famous Antiquary, Gaf- par EJlaço,

From the epifcopal Dignity, the Church, o f Braga became the metropolitan and archiepifcopal, aiid afterwards Primate o f all Spain : A Title which the Pre­lates o f this Church have always ufedj as is largely proved-by the Archbifhop; D on Rodrigo da Cunba, in the Volume he compofed o f P rimata Bracharenjts Ec- ckjhz in unïvenâ Hifpamdl

T h e Church of Braga had formerly for Suffragans, the Bilhops o f Pay, Lugo, Orenje, Pria, Flavia, Oviedo, Aflorga, Salamancà, Zamora, Avila, and others,, befides thofe that are in the prefent Limits, o f Portugal : It yet preferves thofe o f Porto, Vifeu, Coimbra, and Miranda i and had alfo the Bifhop of Ceuta for its. Suffragan,1 from the Year 1475, on account of the Lands of the Diibridi of Va- lença, inafmuch as thefe were not incorporated with the faid Archbifhopric.

Five provincial Councils have been celebrated in this Church, .from whence they were filled Bracharenfes : The fir ft, fuppofed by fome to have been ill the Year 410, Pancraciano being then Prelate; but the Truth o f this.is doubted,.and with feeming Reafon, by the Antiquary Gafpar EJlaço : T he fécond in 56.3, in the Tim e o f -Bifhop Loueredo ; the third in 571',. S. Mar.dnho de, Lume, then go­verning the Church j the fourth in 675, under Bifhop Lcodidjio julidno,j the fifth in 1566, then, governing Archbifhop Don Fr. Bartholomew dos Martyres.,

Braga has had an hundred and twelve Bifhpps or:Archbifhops, from the afore- fold->5 , Pedro -de Rates to Archbifhop Ruy de Moura Pelles, who died1 on the 4th Of September, 1728,, after having governed twenty four Years. This See hath'given to thé Church one Pope (Atchbifhop.Don.fVi/ns Juliaon) , .with the Name o f John X X I; tvyo Cardinals to thefacred College; ' viz-. Don Jorge da Co/la,- and D on VeriJji?no de Lancqftrog befides the1 Cardinal Don 'Menrique, afterwards K ing o f Portugal, ■ . ■ o: a vy - . -- 1 - i. i " : in. ; -h ■ . i'r h

This Archbifhopric1 is , divided into five1 .ecclefiaftical, Com arc as or. D iftiifls. comprehending tliofè iü thriP róvi nee of Entre-ÏDouro and B P riho, às well as them that belong to it in Praz ohMMtes ; which are -the. Diftrióls. of Braga and Va­lenza, Chaves, Villa-Real, find là Poto deMoncorvo. -

In treating of this City, it is to . be.obferved, ‘that its- firft Seat, was clofe■ to the Chilrch o f S. Pedro de Mdximinor ; and from thence, to the Hofphal o f Si

V ól. I L * R Marcos,

Das Anh£uidi dc Portug» cap. i 3, 53.

Maraos, are feen to this Day the Filins o f magnificent Buildings, and among them that o f an Amphitheatre and Aqueduót. It is inclofed, with ancient W alls, with feveral Gates and Towers ; o f whofe Foundation, or that o f its CaiHe, the Author is unknown: Foribm e attribute them to the Earl Don Uen- rique, otliers to King Dennis, and others to K in g Fernando j but what appears m olt probable, is, that tills lalt Prince reedlfied it, and improved its Fortifi­

cations. 1 . .Among the Prelates who have molt emiobled this City, the Archbiihop Don

Diogo de Soufa, Predeceflbr to the Cardinal Don Nenrique, has the firil Place* as he truly merited the Title o f its Reilorer ; It was he who, among other very very coniiderable Fabrics, built the Chapel of that See * who opened feveral Gates and Streets in the City, as thofe of Soulo axid .St. John, which make the Square that goes from the Gate o f Souto to the Church o f Nojfa Senbora a Branca ; and who added the Bulwarks and other W orks to the Calile, :

Braga contains 4000 Families ; among whom are many very noble, nothing inferior in Antiquity to any one m Spain. Its Arms are an Image ofNojfa Sen- hora between two Towers, with the Child Jefus in her Arms, and above a Mitre. Below the Efcutcheon are thefe Words, Infigma f i delis, & antiquaBracbaree. -

W ithin the City are five parochial Churches, and thirty five in its D iilriit : Thofe of the City are, the Cathedral, dedicated to Nojfa Senbora da AJfumpgaon ; a noble, vail Temple, and fo ancient, that fome fuppofe it o f the Tim e o f the Romans j in it are colle&ed the Relics of feveral Saints who had been Prelates o f this famous Church : Santiago da Cidade, a Vicarage, with 300 Families ; S. Joaon do Souto, an Abby, with 980 } S. Pedro de Maximinos, an Abby alfo, with 240 ; S. Vistar, now a Vicarage of the Mitre, but anciently a Monailery of Be­nedigli ne Friars, founded by S. Martinho de JDume, with 12,80. :

T h e See contains thirteen Dignitaries, thirty eight Canonlhips, and twelve Jercenarias ; Benefices for the greateft Part very lucrative, having divers Churches aggregated to them : The Dignitaries are as follows, a Dean, Chanter ■ Arch­deacons of Braga, Vermatm, Nei va, Fonte-A rcada, Barrofo, divenga or Santa- Cbrifiìna, Labmja, and Villa-Nova da Cervcifaj a School mailer, chief Trea- l'urer, and Archpriefi: o f Valdevez.

T he Monalleries and Convents appertaining to Braga, are the fubfequent ones, viz. The Convent o f S. Frutuofo, founded in the feventh Century, ;by the, Archbiihop of that Name, for Benedigline Friars, at a little Diitance to the north­ward o f the C ityj but is now occupied by Capuchins da Provìncia da.Piedade, by. Grant from the Metropolitan Don Piago de Soufa,. Cardinal Nenriques Predecef- for, who rebuilt it at a very:coniiderable Expence: The M onailery o f S. Salva­dor o f BenediSHne Nuns, ieated in the Vineyard, and founded'by the Archbiihop. o f Braga, Don Fr> Agofiinho de Cafiro, after the Year 15819 ; to this Monailery he moved the Nuns from the ancient one of S. Vittorinbo, clofe by the Bridge o f Pima, where they had refided near four hundred Years, fucceedmg the Friars o f the lame Order, who were the firil Founders : T h e Convent o f Nojfa Senbora do. Populo, Augufiine Hermits > thè firil Stone , of which was laid on the 3d of July, 1596, by the Archbiihop Don Fr. Agofiinbo de Cafiro : The College o f St. Paul, founded by the Metropolitan Don'Fr.~ Bartholomew dosMartyrè in the. Year. 1560 ; wherein refide forty Jefuits, who teach Humanity, Philofophy, and Speculativo and moral Theology: The Convent o f Nojfa Senbora dos Remedi os, o f Franctfcdn. Nuns, Perceiras, diftinguiihed from thè others by a white Habit and blue Sea- pulary} the Tim e o f its Foundation uncertain: T he Cony.ent of Nojfa 'Senbora do Carmo, o f Carmelite difcalceated Nuns: That of the Fathers o f S.Filipp?Neri, eltablilhed about the latter End o f the fifteenth Century: And-lately, v iz t \n, : the Year 1748, Mr. ap Rhys informs us, .that a^Moqaitery' for Capucbim Friars was begun} and, in digging its Foundation, the following Coins wete difeo-

vered,

6 i D I S S E R T A T I O N S ON

vered, which confirms tfrë Antiquity o f the Place.;— Ari Ü rn, containing a yaiì: Quantity of Copper Coins o f feveral Roman Emperors. D itto, with an hundred and ieventy feven Gold Medalsj in four feparate VeiTels : In the hr if o f which were twenty one of the Emperor ‘Nero and his Mother Agrippina, with thé In- fcription, Divo Neroni Confidi, & Agrippina Aagufta; In the fécond were eigh­teen o f 'Titus (itruck in the Life-time of his Father Vefpafian, upon his fubduing the Jews), til u s inferibed, Tko Vèfpafianì Augufli Ft Ho, Judah JuhaBii; In thé third were found twenty three o f tile Emperor Trajan, upon his Ret uni from Cologne> as appears by their Legend, M.fiJtpio Crinito Cafari T ajànà a Colo. TJbior* Romani reduci ; In the fourth were twenty nine ctf Bevente, on his fef-tling the Affairs o f Africa, with this Infcripiion, Flavio Calerlo Imperatori Severo Africa Moderatori Pio Pacifico ; In the faine Véfièl there were 'thirty’fix frnaU pieces of the Emperor Tacitus, which were (truck upon his Election, being thus inferitaci,Marco Claudio Tacitò elezione exercitus Romani Divo Augujlo imperatori,.

Here is alfo a Houfe o f Mercy, Ltofpital, Seminary, and feveral Pecothhfim- tas, or Receptacles ,for Women. ■

T his City is the Head o f mvOuvidoria, and kefidence o f àn Oitvtdor and a;J u iz de Fora; except the Archbilhop appoints two common Judges in their Head.

Correttoti do Portò,

Comprehends a City, three Towns, twelve Councils, feven Coutos or Julga-= dos, and five Behetrias or Honours;

City;Pòrto.

Towns.Metres, Povoa dé Far zittì, and Villa-Nova do Portò;

Councils.Aguiar de Soufa, Avintes, Bayaon, Bemviver, Gondomar, Loufada, Maya, Penafiel

de.Soufa, PenaguÌaon,.Porto-Carrèìro, Pefyos, and Soalbaetis.Coutos.

Anfede, Entre atnbos os Rios, Ferreiraj Meinedo, Paço de Soufa, Pendorada, and Villa-Boa de Qylres.

Honours.Saltar, Bdrhofa, Frassaetti Gallegos, and Lowedo.

T he City o f Porto is fituated hi the Latitude Of 41 : 11, upon the northern Bank o f the River Douro, at three Quarters o f à League Diftànce from the Sea.Its Bar is at ^ll Times dangerous, by reafon o f the many Shelves o f Rocks that furround it ; b u tis rendered much mòre fo in Winter, by the great Seas which meet here : O f the aforefaid Rocks, ' theie are more efpecially two diitinguiihed by North and South Lagene, between winch is the Channel for the VeiTels, and to the North thereof Hands the Caille of St. John da Fox,, built for the Defence of the Bar: On the-fouthern Side o f the River are fome Shallows of Sand-banks, called Cabadello (or an Heap o f Sand) ; between which and the Lagms aforefaid,■ is a Paifage, ferving only for Boats: and fuch Craft, as this fouthefn Bar will admit o f no others, changing continually, according as thé,Weather accumulates or piJpeAe th£fs arenultus Impediments^ ' >

T he Figure of this City imitates an irregular Quadrilateral, o f 2600 Feet in Length, and 1800 wide; Jeated with its Extremities upon two Hills, prominent to, the River, and dividing a Ipkcious Valley on.which the Place is extended! It is inclofed with a good Stone W all, from twenty to twenty four Feyt High, with its; Parapets^ and Ameyas, fortified with twenty fix lquare Tow els, extending without the Walls ten or twelve Feet, the greateil Part èreéted by A rebbi (hop -■ V :'J'- ■’ ' "" ' " ' r; Don

S P A I N a n o P O R T U G A L . 6§

¿4 D I S S E R T A T I G NS i o n

D on Godalo Pereira ; Cloie to the Rived iti an Angle'of the,Wall, -is a Tower, in the Manner o f a Platform, where are ibme Pièces of Cannon. T he H orn, in Front of the City, is very deep, yet it tuns w ith ’great Violence for .eight hun* dred Feet, and empties ttfelf at three Quarters o f a League Diftànce/(as before mentioned) into the Ocean, wlieffiftands a large T ow n t Northward, and joim. ing to the Bai* (as has been obferved), is the Caille o f St.Joaon da 'F oz,which conflits of a long Square, in which are four ¿nail Bàitions y one o f its ffiorf Sides tliat lies wefterly, Hands upon the Sea - and ih its oppofite Side is a covered Gate, with admail Ravelin ; Finally, it is encircled by a narfow Fofs, eût ont o f the Rock, with a fort of a FauJJ'e (or falfe) Bray. . ' "

The City o f Porto (excepting the .Capital Lijbdn) ■ is the; richeft, m oït popu­lous, belt built, and the moft .trading City in the Kingdom.; I t has five GâteS; viz. Porta nova, da RJòeira, d do umo da Pilla, a dos Cdrrós, and à do Olivati Iti Streets are handfomely paved,. efpeciatly the Rua nova- ùnà'Rua das Flores * the former being the W ork o f King John I, and the other o f K m g Mameli -It is in­habited by hear 4000 Families 3 3000 within tile W alls, and the reft without,: being, according do Tome Calctilations, 15,870 Souls : This Suburbs ( extra-mu­ral) are four j thàt of S> Ildefonfo, facing tlie Eaft ; S. Pedro de Mtragaya,-weft- ward} and between thenl thofe of Bom Jar dim and Ferradores. :

This City owes its Rife to the Tow n o f Cole, or of Gaya, as it has been cor­ruptly called $ the which ftill exifts, though the Tim e o f its Foundation is uil-

„ known. As tins Place was eredted on the Top ò f a Mountain, and proved in­commodious for its Traffic, fome o f its Inhabitants were induced to think o f moving to a more convenient Situation, and accordingly begun forming fome new Habitations on the other Side o f the River, on a lower, more agreeable Spot, and better adapted to fupport a commercial Cprrefpondence with their Neighbours, than the uneafy Afcent to their former Relidence would permit ; and this increafing by little and little,, procured the,Name o f Portucale, pr Porto de Cale, on account of its Vicinity to its Mother Town. . Ih Procefs o f Time it was ennobled by becoming an epifcopal City, and its Prelates were diftmgiiiih d by the Title of. Biffi ops Bortucalenfes or Portuenfes, as is feen in various Councils. This is the moft probable Opinion o f the Original o f Porto ; in which neither the Greeks, Celtic Gauls nor Suevi, were concerned, as fome Writer^ have too ea- lily imagined. T he exaèt Tîm e o f its Foundation is uncertain-} but it muft have been between the Years 163 and 338, as is proved in thefirft Chapter o f this W ork..

It remained'in great Reputation until 71 ’6, three Yeats, after the general In­v a i on of the Moors, who took and loft it twice in the Courfe o f 260 Years : Its ffi'ft Reftorer was King Ajfonfo III. of Léòh j and its fecondi Ring Ramiro,The third alio of that Name; or, more properly, Dòn Moninho Piegai, who, in the Reign o f that Prince, brought a powerful Fleet o f Gafcòens, With yffiiéh tie conquered . the faid City by Force of Aim s. 1 ' ' .

W ithin ttie W alls are the following Edifices, viz. the Cathedral (o f which. Ì ffiall take Notice hereafter)} ’the Pariffies of S. ÌSfìcbolas ahd o f -Nojfa Senbcta da PJdiorta; the Houfe of Mercy ;, the HofpitaJ o f Roque Aniador and S. Crijpim, and fome others oflefs Note 4 feveml Houfes o f Red ternent for Women, and1 eight Monafteriès or Convents:' W hich are; that' of Dominican Friars,, founded by ! King Sancko II. in 1238} -that.ofFrancifcdn Friars, whiçhfhaving beéh"buffi hi the Year 1233, without the Walls, was removed within thèm, in thè Rèign o f John 1 , and Anno 1404j that Of Nojfa Senbora, da.Confolàçaon, Of ‘lecülar‘Cations o f S t.Jobn the EvangeUJl, who, having bè eh'fettled in ffiiothèr. Place ? jernbved. liither, and the firft Stone was laid 1111499^ ;the: College o f S, Loùrcnqòfo f Je-

^ kuilt by thè River Side, and afterwards moved "to thsR uàda sA G das. in 15 77 1 thé.Mgnâftery ofAve-M aria, 'QÎPenediAuieNxiûf who fé Founda-

- rion

S P A IN' a x i) P O R T U GAL .tion was laid by K m g i^ « ^ y iA t'518* and finifhed ini. the Reign oi¥d\ûgJùLvi HI ; whither was tranilated the Rectifies o f four Convents, v iz . o f Rio-Pinto, Villa- Cova, Pafouquella, arid Puhias: TheM bnaftery o f LA Aorta, o f S eneditUfjè ■ Friars, founded in -15975 "to which, by a Decree of the genera! Chapter held tile-pre­ceding Year, was applied the Rents' o f the Convent of Se Joann -daRendora y T h e Convent of. Sahta. Clara, o f Frandfcan Nuns, founded. by K ing John-1 , - in'the Year 14 16 ; and thé Convent o f religious’Hermits o f AugujUn, 1 whofe B o mi-dation is u n c e r t a i n * "■ : fa R '1' ’ - ; . f t ; *‘ -V y.'* vA

-In the'Suburbs are the Parifhes- of S-. Pedrù de'Mir-dgdya rinffR, lÎdèfonfo,- and four Convents, viz. that o f Madré 'de Deosde Monchijüe’em Mirùgàyai o f Fran* dfcanLduns,. built in -i 5 45 ■; that o f N.ojfa Senhora_ do, Gary no, .o f bare-foptéd-Car-

Friars, o f which the Biffibp Don ÈodHgo da'CuiiLa. laid the ffi rfi -.Stone in 1 6 1 9 ; .that.'of the Fathers o f the Congregation oiSlPiUppe-N%n ; ' andjthat o f the Nuns Carme'litas Defalçar, which ,is a Foundatipn pij: Bilhop PiooFfljoJefily dê Saldanha, Anno 1704'. - ' ‘ V ' V ■' . ’ R R f '

T h e Cathedral, having been deffroyed by the Moon, was. rebuilt by Queen Zb Pareja, W ife to the Earl Dpri FlenriqUef and,! having Rood aim oft ÊveÇentuiies, Bfih.op Don Fr. Gonçalo de Mornes . (who; took Poffefiioh. p f the'Clihi; ui the Year 1602)' ordered the great Chapel to'be re-edified. Its .Chapter conflits of eight Dignitaries, 'twelve. Canonfhips, five derm. Canons,1 ten Pacfielots Digni­taries are, a Dean (whom the CamtraapojloUca prefe.nts),Chantef,"Sdioolmafter, Treaftirer, Archdeacons o f Porto, Olivier a and Re go a, with ait fuxHjuieftR ',

■ By the Catalogue of the Prelates, which have governed this Çhurçh, Üièy appear to have fixty two to the Year 1730 ; when the See became vacant, by tfie Removal o f the laftBiftibpto'thèPatxiai’chate^ofWeft-Lijbonj . .! . .

T his City is now incorporate in thé Crown, though.it formerly belonged to particular pràhdées ; as, Don MminhoVugas and his Defcendants, for having gained it from the Moors 5 In wltofe Tim e it had the T itle o f an Earldom,.with the other Lands of that Conqueft, in the Y e a r n a o . Queen Pàdjà gave to the See o f Porto, and its Bfihop Don Hugo, the Seigniory, Rents, and Ditties o f that City 5 which Grant was confirmed to his Succeffors by K in g Saneho I : But as there frequently happened fome Altercations in point o f JurifdifHon, between the King's Officers and thofe of tlie Biftlop or Chapter, K ing John I. agreed with them, that the Church o f Porto ffiould relinquifh to him the faid Jurfididtion o f the City, in Confidelation o f 3000 Livres per Annum, which his Majefty obliged himfelf to pay in the Year 1406 : Thefe 3000 Livres were reduced afterwards, by K ing Mdnoel, to 120 Marks o f Silver, when D on Diùgo de Sonja was Bfihop; which Sum continues to be paid the faid Cathedral to tills very Day. .

T he Bifhopric of Porto is divided into four eccleiiaftical Coin areas, befides that o f the City and its Diftricts, viz. that o f Maya, Penafiel, Riba-Pamega, and Feira, without the Limits of this Province} and in them are contained 341 parochial Churches,

Among the Prerogatives of this City, is principally reckoned that of having given Name to the whole Kingdom, which from hence was called Portucale, or Portugal; that o f being the Refidence o f . a'Tribunal o f Relaçaon, or high Court o f Juftice ; : and alfo a Houfe for civil Affairs, which K ing Philip II. moved from Lijhon here, as hath.' been obferved in Abe fifth Chapter: Here is alfo a Cuftom- houfe, and a-M intfor Coinage; whofe chief Minifters have the Name of Judges, but not of Prove acres, as tliofe of Lijbcr. are intitled.. Thé Alcaiâarià inor, or Lieutenancy of. tins: City, belongs to the illuftrious

Houfe o i Sas, high Chambéiiaînsf Eai'ls o f Penaguiami, Marquîffes de Fontes, and now Marquiffes de Ahrantes y where'it is preferred ever fince the Reign o f King Johnl,. who gave it to Joaon djodriguei de Sa, called das Gales \ and he like-, ybffi iriade him his high Chamberlâin : The Defendants of this Houfe were at

Vol. 11. * S ' t h e

66 D I S S E R T A T I O M S onthe fame Tim e intitled Capitals m m , or chief, Commanders, o f all that Cq+marca. " ' ■' ; ' / > v J

Finally, the City of Oporto is the Head o f a Cotreicaon, and the Seat o f a Gwv regedor of Comarcd, who alfo fervcs as Provo dor; Here is alfo a Judge do Fora, a Judge of Orphans, and all Places o f Letters. " : : 1 ; > ‘ 1

; T he Arms o f Porto ■ a t ; prefent are, an Image o f the blelled Virgin, w ith the Child Jcfus in her Arms, between two Tow ers; and an Infcription, which fays, C ija dt da Virgim (tile City o f the V irg in ): Alluding to the Name o f Terra de Santa Atari a, which Don Mcninbo Viegds gave to all the Lands that he gained from the Moors, and to this very' Day is preferved in the Ouvidcria o f Petra.

~ Villa-NoVa do Porto (lands upon the fouthern Brink o f the River Douro, in Front of the City o f Porto, and in, the Lim its,of the Province o f Petra, at a little Diitarice froin the d ld T o w m o f\Cay<ty for whichReafon this was, called Villa- Ad ova. Itw as founded b y K in g y ^ o ^ IIJ , who gave i f its Charter* hi the Tear 1255; and defirous to enlarge it, arid at the fame Tim e to increafe the royal Revenue, he: ordered that all Veflcls, going or coining down the Douro, •. fhould there unload their Goods, and pay the Duties, to the Prejudice; 6f the Biftiop and Chapter of Porto, then Lords o f the laid C ity ; which after fome Years was fettled in virtue o f a Brief from Pope Itmoemt IV , and afterwards, all Dilputes ceafed by the Reunion o f Porto to the royal Patrimony: In the Year 1 288, King T>ennis gave another Chapter to Villa-Alova/ w h i C h Was,'greatly enlarged, iince its Foundation. ’ ; - 1

"A t prefent th isT ow n confifts o f 580 Familiesj with one PariiliChurch, de­dicated to Santa Martnha, which was founded by King Affdnfo I I I ; an Houfe o f Mercy, anH ofpitalj and the Convent of Corpds Chrijii,, occupied by Dominican Nuns, founded in 1345, and in the Reign o f K ing Affonfo I V .y A t a little Dis­tance from the Town, there are yet two other Codvehts /"that otSanfy Anto­nio, belonging to the1 Capuchin Friars/ da Prtsvincia da Piedade; arid thatofiSY. Augujlin, inhabited by regular Canons/ feated in the M ountain.of ¡gysbranicens, o f which the firft Stone was laid in Augujl, 1538, King John III ' then reigning, and Don Fr. Baltbafar Limpo was Biihop o f Porti: The Intent o f its Structure was to remove here the regular Canons from the Convent o f Grijo, 'which was effected/but, after the ’ Expiration o f fome Years, the aforefaidCanons re­claimed their former Habitation / fo that they were feparaled into two Convents, by a Brief from Pope P iu s Y , in the Year 1566, and they lhared the Rents be­tween them.

C H A p.

S P A I Ñ and P O R T U G A L

C II A P. IX.

D cfcrip tio u o f the P rovin ce ó f Trax os Montes.

S Province to: the North borders oil the Kingdom o f Galicia j to the Eait /■ on that o f Leon ; fo the South, on Part o f the fame, and the Province o f

Bzira i and to tlie W eft on the Province o í Entre-Douro e Mìnhé, and the eaftèm ;Side o f l ì eira. . It takes its: Name from its? Situation in refpedt to th e Province o f Minbo, lying behind the Serrai, or Mountain of Maraon, a Branch o f the Py-

-, remes. Some Geographers extenddts: Length, from North, to South, to thirty - Leagues', and twenty wide ; whilft others dimhUfli both conliderably.

T his Province is generally mountainous, and confequently rugged; dry^ and abundantly .lefs populous than thè-preceding,one,; though it is not deftitute of Lome pleafant Valleys, well cultivatedand, inhabited, which produce more than lufficient, for Support and Regalé,? o f dll the Necéílaries. o f Life ; and they are more particulmly fertile; in W heat,: Rye, and W ine. It is watered h o t only by the River Douro, which feparates it from the Kingdom of Leon and Province o f Béira, but by.feverah others, o f lefs Note, as. the. Tamega, Corgo, Tuela, and Sa­bor, which almoft all lófe themfelvés in thè.firft mentioned. . !

.It contains two Cities ; Braganga, Capital of the Province, and a Dukedom; tend Miranda, which hath an epifcopal Seat: About fifty Towns, of which fome are alio royal Jurifdidtlons; with a great Number of Vicarages included in their Boutidaiies, 'among which the following merit a more particular Remark, viz, Cfcaveiy : Villa-Real, ’Torre 'de Moncorvo, Ménforte, Frehto de Efpadacinta, and Vil- la-Flcr.

T he greateft Part of .this Province confifts o f donary Eftates ;fó that it abounds w ith Abbies, Redtories, and Vicarages o f particular Patrons, efpecially o f the m oft ferene Houfe o f Éraganga, o f the Marquifles o f Villa-Real, o f the Manpiifies o f Lavora, o f the Archbiihpp of Braga, o f the Monks o f S. Bernardo and S. Bento, and o f many others. In this Province are likewife Leverai Coramendas of. military Orders, though moftly o f that of Cbri/l.

It is divided into four Jurifdiitions ; o f which two' are governed by Correge- dores, viz. Torre de Moncorvo and Miranda ; .and the other two, Braganfa and Villa-Real, by Òtpuidofes, as. they appertain to Donatarios. , 1

Corrà gami da Torré de Moncùrvo.

T his Jurifd꣆on is the great eft o f all the Province, and yet it formerly had a more extenfive Territory. , I t is compofed o f twenty f i i Tow ns; o f which ten

.1 oniy belohg td the King, and, the others .to different People; viz. to the moft Le- ; '.rehe Houfe o f Bragangapzsis Nuzclhs-, to thè iToùìc o f Villa-Real (now o f In­fa n t adò), as oxz AbreirO, Frexiel, . and Latnas de Orelhaon ; to the Marquiltcs o f Thvor.a -r to the Quedes: de Mirandi, ' Lords o f the Town o f Murca ; and to the Sampaycs, Lords o f Villa-Flor. -\r ."■ ■ ■

‘ ? Towns.,' : ! . / V.; y. Abreiro, Agua Reves, Alfàndega da F i , , Ariciàèris,. Cajìro-Vicento,. Chacìm, Corti- gol, \Frfchas, Freixìel, .Freixo de Ejpadacinta, 'La?nas de Orclhaón, ■ Linbares, Mon- ■.'corvo fMìfandella, Monforte de Rio-Livre, ,Moz, Murga.de Pannoya, dShizelhs, Piti'* '

boVelO,

68 D I S S E R ï A T ^ G ; N i | i a , N : ' :

hovelo, Sampayo, Sezulfe, Forre de Lonachama, Valdafnes, Villas-Boas,,"Villa-Flor, and Villùrinho da Caftanheifa.

Torre de Moncorvo. This Tow n isiltoated in; a fpatioüs Vàie, at the Foot of M ount Rnborcdo, between the; two River^X^tiJ aydfSabory o f which the firil runs about t\V6 Leagues from it, and the other little more than a quarter Paît as far ditiant, It is. faid: tò have been founded.from the Ruins of the ancient Tow n of Santa Cruz\ which" was peopledby.Qrder o f Ferendo-.i^fCrOat, King oiCajiile and Leon, in the Y e a n 040, at a League DiHance from the Spot where Moncomio now Hands.; Others, attribute .its Foundation toAffbnfoll. K ing o f Por­tugal Amro 1216; which probably is not to be underftood as o f a Foundation tòtàllyhewy but of a Change -tliat. the Tow n' then had,1 in“ point of . Situation, Which .the.Inhabitants found mòre' commodious, ■ 4 ; -■ ^ 0 F . ; ; ' --iv T h e Town;is,furrounded.by.an old W all,, with, fome circular Bulwarks,, and., hath three Oates : ft has a fcpiare=Caille, built with M aibnry,. accompanied by ' fourCurtains, two, Baftionsf and two Towers. . In the T ow n and Suburbs are reckoned 460’'Families, Who. have;for their. Pariih;Church, Nq/fd Senbora.da A f-

jumpçàon j . a Temple worthy ofrRegafd,, :as-'well for thé .Beauty of its Architect - tare ,. as for the Richnefs of., its Materials ; 'and; to. Whiejt.'the; ancient P ariih o f Santiago was transferred, whofc extra+mufalyChurch itili,remains, ; being a Com* menda,.. and Reitory of the Order o f Cbrijl ; T h e other public Edifices arò, a Horde o f M ercy,;an Hofpitalp.ahd a Convent o f Capuchins, ;of,the.Province o f S. Antonio, built at a litile T>¡Rànce to thedbuthward:oF the.Tow n, i r i the Year 1569. -Ï . \ F r i ^■ This Town anciently enjoyed'veiy great Privileges, 'the Monarchs o f Portu­gal preferving to f t the fame as Santa Cras poiTelied; .and K in g John I.- added to it a Grant of the new Settlement o f Vosscou,. as a Border,, .although it is now fe-

, parateti from it, with the- Title t ìfa T o rn ir: Here-is-a gretiù Soap F ab ric ,‘which, fupplies the Province of .Mtnbo;' %nd likewife. the Thmati: Manufacturer k have

, here a Warehoufe, whofe Materials grow in "the Fields o f Velhafîça, with no fmaU'Utility. to the Kingdom; T h e Head Alcaide (or Lieutenant) of the Caille o f Moncorao, defeends by Right of Inheritance to the i W f e o f the Sampayos, L ord so f Villd+Flor ; and theArtns of the Tow n are a .Calile/ with, a Tow er, and two Craws on'the Sides, ;whofe‘G rigin alis n p ttm ly ;3kmbwni uTh its Territory. Hands the A b b y o f Urros, a royal Patronage- .1 and tbofe.qf Ferodo and-Mapores, in the Prefentatibn o f the primatial Mitre o f Pregai [ o f- which’ the HrHhatb about 180 Families, Itis.'.the Head o f a Correiçaon, antiRefidence of zCorregc- dor, Preveder, and Juiz de Fora. - .

Correiçaon de Miranda,. . ■ \ •Is compofed o f one City arid twelve Towns, as follows,

City. - Miranda.

Towns.Adgozo, Annbofo, Bemp'ojla, .Frie ira, Môgadourù, Penas de Roy ai : Ou Penas Pot as?

Pebordüyos, SaonSeriz, Valdè Pajfç, VillarSeco ch Vo mb a,'. Vinûojb,- and Vînbaes.

Miratila is featedin the; eaRerhmoR Part o f the'Province, In Trough anti mountainous Situation ; and is a. Frontier to the Kingdom o f Leon, Handing about a Mulket-fhot from, the River I)euro, which, after-about 3óp geptnetricdl Paces fall to-the fouthward, takes in thé River Frenfo, T he City is extended in a long Form from North to-South, .with' a walled Suburb,: very ingh and ftrong, and a Barhacan o f Stone and Mortar, àsis alfo theigfeateH Part o f the W alls ;It hath an ancient Caille, aim oH. fquare,. in which there were five very large

Tow ers;

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L . 6$Towers ; but the four corner ones were levelled, in order to reduce it to a fort o f a Platform for the Reception of fomo Artillery ; and this is encompaiïed by its Barbacan, as well oh the South as North : There hath aifo been added to the faid fortifications, a Fort between the North and Ealf, contiguous to the City, which is defenfible by Nature, and of great Importance to the Province’s Security.

Its Foundation is attributed toKiugAfonjo-Henrip/es, Anno 1136, then only Infante., King Dennit granted it many Privileges, on the 7th o f September, 1297, preceded by his Commencement to repair the Walls and Caille from the Year 1294;It is commonly called Miranda doDouro, by reafon o f its Vicinity to tliat River, and the better t;o diftinguifh it froth Miranda do Corvo, a Town, in tine D til net'of Coimbra,nt\lh theTitle o f an Earldom, that belongs to,the Mar quilles oiArroncbes.

There are reckoned in thé City 250 Families;, among whom are fome very noble Perfonageg. Its principal Edifices are, the Cathedra,! Church to the only Parifh here, built by Order o f Joint- III, (as I fliall afterwards explain) ; a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and a Seminary, which is a modern W ork.

Miranda, having only the Privilege o f a Town, became at once an epifcopal City, in the Year 1545, and in the Reign of die abovemcntioiied Prince John III.For this Purpofe were difmembered, from the Archbifhop o f Braga, the Landswhich now compofe the ecdefiaiUcal Diftridt o f M ir and à -, and were governedby a Vicar of die Mitre, who relided in the City, o f Braganca : This Divifion wasmade in the Tim e of Archbifhop Don Mancel de Sc ¡/fa, the ninety ninth Prelate hhli-. Rcdt-o f that Church, and Succelfor to the Cardinal Infante Don Durate, in confe-quence o f a Bull from PopeEW / III, expedited on the 22d o f May$ 1545. Therewere alio applied to the new Cathedral, the Rents o f the Parifh of Santa M an a,at that Time a very conüderable Commenda of the Order o f Chrijl, and thofe ofthe Monailery o f S. Salvador de Cajlro, or Cajlro de Avdanas, Monks of the Ordero f S.Bonnet, a litde Diftance from Bragança, founded in the Year 667, and wasextinguiihed on the faid Occaiion. Bmtd. luit.

T h e Bifhopric of Miranda is divided into five Vicarages or Archpricftfhips ; «p.’ib which are, hire, Bragança, Monforie, Mirandella, and Lamp a cas ; comprehended in a Diffridt of twenty two Leagues from Laid to W eil, and twelve from North to South ; a little more o ' lefs, for thefe Diftances are not intirely to he relied on: And in that Extent are reckoned 324 Populations, divided into 314 Pa- rifhes. T he Dignitaries o f the Chapter are a Dean, Chanter, Schoolmafter,Head Treafurer, Archdeacon of the See, Archdeacon of Miranda, &c.-

In regard to the modem Hiitory of tliis Place,. I fhal] only fay, that, on the 8 th o f July, 1710, it was taken by a Detachment of the Marquis of Bay, under a Capitulation with the Sergeant-major o f the Place, when the Garrifon re-, mained Prifoners o f W ar: But it was'reftored on the 15 th o f April, in the fol­lowing Year, to the Marfhal de Camp, Don Joaon Mancel deNaronba (now fixth Earl oî Atalaya), after a Siege o f a few Days ; and the Garriibn, coniifting of

y 049 Men, were in their T u rn made Prifoners o f War1;T h e Lieutenancy o f tills Place is hereditary to the Marquiifes o f Favor a-, and

shears for Arms, aCaftle with three Towers, and a new Moon over the middle- moft o f them, .withIts H om s tufned downwards.. .;■ ; Miranda (like ! the Tow er o f Moncorvo) is the Head, of a Corrêiçam, and the Seat o f a Corregedoi‘y Prove dor._ da: Cam arc a, and1 J u iz de Ford, The. parti cedar

* CovernmCnt o f the City depends on three Vereàdores, a Notary of the Chamber, a Procurator o f the Council, and other Miniilers. , /

. Ouvtdoria de Braganca.

This Ouvidoffhip. confifts'pf. pile City and ten Towns.; which belong to the moil ferene H ouibof Braganca,: in the Provider id o f Miranda\

V ol, II. * T City.

fo

Ber.cd. Luiit. to m .i. tnt.o, cap. 16.

City. ■ - I :Bragama. ... 1

Towns.Chaves, Limed fa , Gufcy, Monte-Alegre, Out eira, Rebordams, Ruyvaens, Raids Nó-

gudra, Val de Prados, and Villa-Franca.

Brdgatya is feated in a delightful fpacious Plain, on thè Margin o f the little River Fervenza, which feparates it from the Mountain o f d, Bartholomew5 about a League and a half from the Borders o f Galicia, and four from Sannabria: It is ft retched out in an oblong Figure, from South-eaft to North-eaft, for the Space of 400 Braces or Fathoms, almoit continually at the Foot .of-.the afore- faid Mountain which Hands clofe to the Place. It is. divided into T ow n and C ity; of which the firftis walled with fixteen Towers, and bath within a good Caftle, fumiOieci with feveral Towers o f Mafonry and two Redents ; it Is at the fame time furrounded by a falfe Bray, in whofe Front Hand tied together, on the City Side, five fmall Bulwarks without a Fofs, as they are built on the live Rock : In the Mountain called the Carraj'cal, immediate to the Body o f the City, and equal in Height to the Plain of the Town, is fttuated the. Fort o f 5 . John of God, winch is a long Square, bnt of little Defence.

This City paiTes for one o f the molt ancient Settlements, In. the Kingdom ; as its Founder is commonly thought to be Brigus, the fo tilth K ing of Spain, add-, ing, that from him it was denominated ; Others affirm that the Name o f Julio - briga was given it by the Emperor Augufus,, in Memory of his Predcceflbr, J u ­lius Cefar. It is certain that, during the Reign o f Titus, Braganya was become a noble Settlement, as appears evidently from a Gipfus, which is yet preferved in the Church o f Nogut ir a, at half a League Diftance from th e Tow n o f Chaves. In the Time o f the Goths, and Kings o f Leon, it was governed by the principal Nobility, who had fometimes the Title o f Earls : In Procefs o f Time, the Lord- Blip of Braganya palled to the Monaftery o f S. Salvador de Cafro de Ave ¿anas, who were Benedinne Monks, founded in the Year 667, and were extinguifhed in that of 1545, with the Intent to apply their Rents to die new Cathedral o f the City of Miranda, as hath already been related. In this Poiition the Laid Monks were, at the Jun¿ture of the Foundation, or Separation o f die Kingdom o f Portugal, and were preferved therein until Anno 1187: In which Year they exchanged the Lordfliip of Brag any a with King Sane bo I, for the Tow n o f S. Jtdiam, and die Church of S. Mamede ; and in the W riting made for this Baiter, Braganyd hath, the Title given it of a City: In the fame Year, (and fecond o f his Reign) the laft mentioned Prince gave it its Charter, being then vvidi the Court at Guimaraens. Henceforward this City remained incorporated in d ie Crown, until K in g Fer­nando endowed Donna Joanna Tellcs, Ids Sifter-in-Law, with it, on her Marriage with Joaon Affonfo Pimentel ; who foon loft it, and other Lands, for taking Part againft the Mailer o f A v iz: This Lordfliip afterwards pafl’ed to Don Fernando, illegitimate Son to the Infante Don Joaon, and Grandfon to King Peter I ; but it quickly became again Vacant by the Deadi of. Ids Son Don Durate, who died;, without Succedi on. In fine, whilft the Infante Don Pepro governed die King- dom, during the Minority o f his Nephew, King AJfanfo'V,; it was given, with the Title o f a Dukedom, to Senhcr D-Afonfo, FAìFràxYoÌBarceUos, and Branchi of the moll ferene Houfe o f Braganya, Anno. 1442. -

In this manner Brag anca is the moft ancient Dukedom in -all Spain f which remained feparately for the Space of 198 Years, Until the Acclamation o f King John IV : In which were reckoned eight D ukesih this royal Houfe, viz. Don A f - ,

fonfo, Son to King John L of Portugal, married to the Lady JhoYm^Beatriz, Daugh­ter o f the great Confiable, Don Nuno A1-. Pereira ; DogFerfiaiido I, Don Fer­nando IT, Don Jay me, Don Theodofw I, Don Joaoni, D on Tbeodofo II, and Don.

Joaon

D I S S È RT A T I 0 N S on-

71Joaon II. W hen it is faid that Bragança is the moR ancient Dukedom in Spain, it muR be underRood of the Titles which now iubfiR; as I am not ignorant that King John I. made the Infante Don Pedro* Duke of Coimbra, and the Infante Don Henri que, Duke of Vi jin , being in F aviva, after his Return from Ceuta-

This City contains from 5 to 600 Families ; divided into two Pari flies, that.of Santa Maria, and S. Joaon Bautifla, both in the Prefentation o f the B iihopsof Miranda: The other public Buildings coniiil of uHoufe o f Mercy, an Hofpital, and four Convents, viz. o f S. Francijco da Obfervancia, which many pretend was. founded by the Saint himfelf 3 that o f Nojj'a Senhora-da Aflumpçaon, occupied by Nuns of Santa Clara % the College, o f Jejuits, which, tile y took P.olieflion in the Year ,1.561, and teach Humanity and moral Theology - and the M onaflery.of Santa 'EfcolaJHca, Nuns of 5 . Bento, whole Foundation was in 1590,

In this'City are feveral Fabrics of Velvets, Damalks, Handkerchiefs, Gro- grams, and other Silk Commodities, eReemed o f a,good Quality in this Coun­try. Its Territory comprehends 153 Towns and Villages, fome of which are in­habited by r20 to 170 Families. Its Arms are a Tower or Caille, in a Field, Argent.

It is the Head of an Ouvidoria, and the Refidence of an Ouvidor and J u iz de Forai the faid Ouvidor’s jurifdi£tion extending over all the Lands in the Pro­vince, appertaining to the royal Houle of Bragança. T he particular Govern­ment o f the City is in the Hands of three Vere adores, a Procurador, a Treafurer o f the Chamber, and other Minifters,

Chaves. This Tow n is iituated on the Brink o f the River Fa-mega, three Leagues from Monte-Rey in Galicia (to the northward), and five from Monte- Alegre. It is a Roman Foundation \ and attributed by many Authors to the Em­peror Flavins Vefpaflan, who begun to reign Anno 69 3 from whom it was called (as is faid) Aquas Flavin:, oompolcd o f the Rath's Name (Rill near the Tow n), and one o f the laid Emperor’s : Others, with a more tedious Etymology, will have its Denomination to come Rom the Colour o f its Waters, which incline to. a Yellow, called by the Latins, flavins1 wbilft feveral infill on its Foundations being prior- to the -Empire o f Vefpaflan, and therefore that it owes him no other Obligation than that of having repaired or augmented it. It appears to have ■ been a very- populous City, and lb large, that it reached to. the Place called On- terio Seco, extending -itfelf on the Banks of the abovçmentioned River upwards : That it had very fumptuous Edifices, is clearly fcen frpin the Difcoveries made, in fixt-y or feventy Years paft, in various Ruins, .of carved Stones, Pieces of C o­lumns, Pedeftals, Capitals and Comifhps, befides many and noble Conduits and Tanhs, which ferved for the Baths. .

It was a Roman prejiflum, and garrifoned by the* feventh Legion in Vefpaflan § ; Reign. In the Year 463, it differed a great Calamity from the Contention of the two Parties o f the Suevi ; ’ one o f whom, King Frumarius, not only deRroyefl this Tow n , but did great Damages in every Part o f its D iR ri& i ft was. rained twice during the Moors Dominion in Spain, and f eftored the. firR Tim e, by King; Affqnfo- tbe Cat M ic, Anno 742 being afterwards incfê'afed and walled by Aflpnjb- the Great; K ing o f Leon, .in the Year.904: It was (according to.fome. Memo­rials) recovered thd fécond Tim e, in the Reign o f slffonfp-Fienriqiur ; andi fi­nally, Ajponfo IV . .gave i t its .Privileges, which were afterwards renewed .-by King Mancel. .g . - ■ ■

T he Town, fepa rated from its two Suburbs o f Mdgdalena: and the Couraças, is inclofed w itha W alfi altered to the modern Faihion, in which are.three Bulwarks and two half Bulwarks ; two o f the former,- and one o f the latter, which are on the Side o f the River, are tied to „the old W all : At-tbe. End o f .the Rampârfs, tli at run north from the half BaRions, is the Fort o f Npjfa Senbora do Rafario, in

' Form

SP AI N AND P O R TU G A L.

Form of a Citadel* with four Bulwarks > and within Hands a Convent o f Capu- chitis, from whence it is probable the Fort receives the Name of S. Franjfco, that fonie give it: There hath been added two Ravelins for its Defence, and to cover it.

In the Suburb o f Magdalena, on the other Side of the River to the F ail, is a Hom -work that covers it, whole Communication is by a Bridge: On'the North- eaft, at about two Muiket-fhot from the Place, Hands, the Fort of S. Neat el, with four Bulwarks, fcated on the Ridge o f a Mountain.

T h e abovementioned Bridge is a very fine one, having fifteen Arches, though only twelve of them are now ferviceable, the other four being rendered ufelefs by Houfes built on them j its Length is ninety two geometrical paces arid three Palms, and its Breadth three geometrical Paces and four Palms; including thè Thicknefs o f the Parapet : It is a W ork of the Emperor Trajan, . as is. feen by a Pillar placed on it to the North, with the following Infcription :

IMP. CAES. NERVAE. '*TRAIANO. A'VG.-.GER. ^DACICO. PONT. MAX..

TRIB. POT. COS. V .P .P .AQViFLAVIENSES.

PONTEM. LAPIDE™ .DE. 5VO, F.C.

udai apiuiTf. T h e fubfequent Infcription is likewife another Monument o f Antiquity that &Forti pl’itj! was found at Chaves, reciting the Names of the ten Cities in the Province :

c i v it a t e s . d e c e m .a q v if l a v ie n s e s . a o b r ig e n s .BIBaLL COELERIN1. ERVAES1L.INTERAMICr. LlMiCI, AEBISOC.

QyARQVERN. TAMACANI.

And from its being faid, tliat thefe were brought there from another Part, fome infer, that it was ordered to be made, or begun by the Emperor Vejpafidn -, and to this Purpofe all the neighbouring Inhabitants concurred, who are named in the faid Infcription.

This Place contains 400 Families: And its principal Edifices are, a collegiate Church of Nojfa Se?ihora da AJfump^aon, which ferves all.the T ow n for a Panili* a Houfe of Mercy, two Hofpitals, and two Convents: T hat of S. Franaifco, Ca­puchins da Ftedade, at li rii appertaining to the Templars, and afterwards to the Conventual Francifcam ; though the Situation o f it now is different from what it was in Time pail, having been new founded in the Year 1637, the Bones o f Affonfo, firil Duke of Bragan^a, tranllated there : Female Reclufes, o f the fame Order with thofe of the Convent da Concetgaon, on the Spot called da L uz, near Ltjbon, which was begun by tire Retirement of fome .noble Damfels, Anno 1685, and was filled in 1691 * in the Year 1716, when the fiift Reclufes were al- moit extindl, and a Brief was obtained from Pope Clement X I, the firil Profeffion was made in it on the 18 th o f February.

The Lordihip o f this Tow n runs united to the moil ferene Houfe o f Braganca, winch provides and appoints the jfuiz de Fora, and other Officers for its-fJovem- ment. I n , refpeet to the écclèfiailical JurìfdÌ£tÌon,‘ -it. is in the Limits* of ' the Mitre of Braga, whofe Archbiihops name a Vi car-general** to refide in the laid T ow n : It has for Arms, in an Efcutcheon, the royal Arm she tween tvyo golden' Keys (in an azure Field), one on each Side, all fcated-on a Bridge, under, which runs a River. ' . . w 1 . [: . ' f

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

Ouvidoria de Villa-Real. . . .This Ouvidorflnp confifts of eight Towns and an Honour, having Villa-Real

for its Head, the Seat of an Ouvldor, though only -a yuiz de Fora reddest here.Towns.

Towns.A h 'tiro, Almeida> Cartellai, Freixul, Lamas de Orelhaon, Ran ha dos, Villa-Real,

and Vimiofo ; Sobrofa being alfo an Honour at the fame time.

Note, T he Towns o f Almeida and Ranh ados- are fituated in the Province of Beira, and in the'Diibridi o f Pinhel, as will be feen in its proper Place; and thole o f Abreiro, Freixiel, and Lamai de Orelhaon, are comprehended in the Pro­vince ó f Traz os Montes,, and appertain t o th e Fro v e dori a of Moncorvo, where Men­tion is made o f them: .

.Villa-Real is .feated in the wefternmoil Point o f Traz os Monies, near four Leagues to the North-eaft o f the City of Lamego ; and finit in between two R i­vers, o f which, that called Congo, after taking in the other, rims foiitherly till it lofes itfelf in the Douro, It is à Foundation o f King Dennis, who 'ordered its Peopling, Arno 1289, and made it tlae Ifead. o f all thé Land of Pa noyas : The fame Prince g av e ,if twp Charters, the fifii in the abbycmcntioiied WaLv and the fécond timeè Years afterwai'ds, o‘n the 24th of February, 1292 ; arid in bath' he grants, among other .Privileges, Û12F Y\\S Alcaide mol fhall have no Share in thè Government o f the Town, as was thè Ptaétice in feveral Parts, ând frequently found to be oppreffive to the People:'. Tins Settlement was ifttended to be made by Affonfo III. (King Dennis’s Father) lit the Year 1272 ; but not having been effedted then, the Son carried the Patent’ s' Deft gri into Execution.

T his is the befl and Iargeil Place in. the Province, whofe greriteft Prirt is fp'réad without the W alls, inlomuch that Vetiy few Houles remain iriclofed, and thefë conititute what is called the old Town. It contains, about iyoo Families (among which are fo’me very principal ones) ; divided, into two Pàrifiles, Si. Dennis arid Si. Peter’s, whofe Vicars are prefented by the JerorHïtè Generai, as Prior of thé Monaitery of Belem : Here is a Houfe o f Mercy, an Hofpital, and three Convents, viz. o f Dominican Friars, founded in 1524; of Antonine Capuchins, founded in 1573 ; and Nuns ò f thé Order o f Santa Clara: Here are Hkewife an Ottvidmj and J u iz de Fora ; and herein alfo enters the Provedor o f Lamegb. In regard to the eccleii- riftieal Jurifdidtiori,' it depends on a Vicar-general, appointed by the Archbifhops o f Braga.

T h e Seigniory of Villa-Real was f t B ril given to the Que eri Santa I f abel, by KmgDeTntfJî but in the Year 1322, it did'not rerüaîn in the fame Pofition, as the fâid Monarch difpofed o f it in Favour o f his.Daughter-in-Law, the Infanta Dom i a Britts : In the Reign o f Affonfo IV , the fqid Princefs (then Queen) ftill continued to enjoy the Manor ; and,1 lri that ò f King Vernando, Queen Leonor had it.

It was ere&ed. into an Earldom, by King Affonfo V , in Favour of Don Pedro de Menezes, the famous Governor of Ceuta, and thén the fecorfd Earl o f Vianna ; his Daughter and Heirefs, Donna Brites de Menezes, marrying With' Don Fernando de Noronha, Son to the Earl Don Affonfo de Gijon, and Grândfon tri Vi\\ïg Ferdinand o f Portugal, and Henrtque II. of Caf He: And the other Don PedrodeMenezes,wh!oni K in g John II. created the firil Marquis of Villa-Real. ■- Some Years after it Was raifed to a Dukedom, by King Philip III* o f Caftile, ànd IL o f Portugal, in Favour o f Don Mancel de Menezes, the fifth Marquis o f it : His Grandibn, Don Miguel de Menezes, eighth Marqüis óf Villa-Real,- and Duke de Catmnha,)xM the laft Lord tif this Houfe; the w hich beingconfifriated by.hia and his Father’s Death, bòth executed on the 29th o f May, 1641, King John IV . gaverit to.-his 'Son; the In­fante Don P-edro, and united k to the Houfe o f a . ,

S P A I N AND P O R T U GAI - .

Voi , II , ' * Ü ' C H A P.

?4 D I S S E R T A t i o n s o n

C H A P . X.

A D efeription o f the Province o f Beira.

'T M I I S Province is the largeft in the Kingdom, and commonly the third in ^ Order with the Geographers. On. the North it joins with the Provinces

o f Minbo and P>'aa os Montes y to the South with Portuguefe Efiremadura, and Part o f Aient y o ; to the Bait with the Kingdom o f Lean-, and SfdniJhEJÏremadura-, and to the W eft it is terminated by the Ocean. T h e Portuguefe Geographers vary greatly in what they fay o f the Extent of this Province; fome giving i t two hun­dred Leagues Circuit, who feem to err the leaft, as thirty three to thirty fix Leagues are commonly aftigned for its Length, .and pretty near the iarne for its Breadth ; reckoning from Villa-Nova do Porto to Airantes in Efiremadura, and from Buracos to 7 Wn?m, where it is feparated from Leon. T h e Name of Beira refpefts the ancient Signification o f this W ord, which was -die fame as a Margin or Border ; and it very well fuits with this. Province, which is almoft all fuf- rounded with Margins o f Rivers, or Strands o f the Sea, viz. o f the River Douro to the North, with Part o f the fouroetis and Elgas to thè E'aft, with the ftejo to the South, and the Sea, to the Weft.

It is divided into high and low Beira-, the firft Denomination being given to that Part o f the Province which lies to the. N orth and the-Sea-coaft; and low, to that which joins to the B fa n if and Portuguefe Efremadurds, in which is the D i- vifion o f Pennamacor. In the Year 1296, K ing Demits added to this Province the Diibridi! o f Riba de Coa, poffefled till . then, by the Kings o f Ca/itle. and. Leon, being a narrow Slip o f Land, o f fifteen Leagues long,' and four wide,, ftretch- ing from North to South, between the River Coa on the Portuguefe Side, and the Borders of Leon : In this finali Piece-of Territory Almeida is feated, and feveral other fortified Towns, as Alfayates, Caflel-Meihor, Pillar-Mayor,. ‘Sabagal, Caf- tello-Rodrigo, 6tc. ,

Beira is very fertile in Wheat; Rye, Millet, Cattle, Game, Fiih, and Fruits ; efpecially thofe o f the W inter, to which the Coolneis o f the Clime greatly con­tributes : In fome Parts it aifo produces good W in e and Oil, which, are, either con fumed at home, or embarked for abroad. -HereftsYeen the famous M oun­tain o f E f relia, which, th e Romans knew under the Name o f Monte. LErminio, and is a Branch o f the Pyrenees.

I t inclofes four epifcopal Cities* which are, Coimbra,Vifm, Lanugo, mÀGuarda-, it had allò anciently the Biihopric of' Idanha, out, o f which that o f Guarda, and Portalegre were formed.. It has 234,/FoWns, fifty five Conoelhos,. and fome, Coutûs -, among the Towns the chief are, Avoir0-,. CaflellQ-BranoOy:Aimeifa.gPtnnamacon, Monjanto, Petra, Francofo, and others. ' . . v i 1 ; '

This Province is compofed o f eight Jnrifdiitions*.: vizkl fix; Correfones, which are thofe of Coimbra, Vifey, Lanugo, Guarda,* Pmbd^^àLeflelAJBnatiwg and; of. two Ouvidorias, that o f Montemiro Velboi (which i$ the; Houle, Of Aveira)', andthat o f Feira, at prefent united to the Hoüfe of Infantado. . . .

Formerly there was alfo in the Provìnce th e Correi aon o f Aveiro- but the'faid T ow n coming under the Dominion o f the Donat orto, the Title o f this Correiçaon was fuppreffed, and an Quvidoria was erected for the Lands which'remained be­

longing

S P A I N A n d P O R T U G A L .longing to the Duke-Majlet the others, not comprehended in the abOVemem tioned Grant, Were annexed to the Correigaon o f Coimbra: And in the fame man­ner theyalfo depended on the Procéder o f this Diflridt, inafmuch as the Prove- daria o f Ejgueira was not inftituted, as will be mentioned in ltd proper Place.

. Notwithstanding this Separation made in the Reign o f King Manoel, as may be cqlle&ed from the Grant given by that Prince to the faid Duke, on the 27th of May, 1500, yet Durate Nunes o f Leon,, in his Défcriprion oF Portugal, Which-he finiilted in 1599j makes Aveiro for one o f the Correigoens o f Bhrds

Correigaon de Coimbra.

■ In fonte Memorials there is attributed to tins Correigaon, ohe.City and the following Tòwns, without mentioning thofe-winch were afterwards added by thè Alteration made in the Diibridi o f Aveiro: But it ought to be remarked, that many of thefe Tow ns belong to particular Gentlemen j who have in fdrne o f them' thEii.Ouvidores, as will be lubfequently remarked.

C ity .1 . . .Coimbra.

Towns*’Alvay azere, Angaria, Angiaon, Arganil, Avoo, Boiaon, Bliurcos, Canianhede, Cat*

Valho, Celeviza, Cernache, Ejgueira, Fadeira, Fajaon, Goes, Mira, Miranda do Cor­vo, Pena-Cova, Pereira, Podentes, Pombaiinho, Pombeiro, Rabagdl, Be dandos, Santa Chrijììna, Fentugal Vacarìga, Villa-Nova de An ¡¡os, Villa-Nova deMongarros.

T h e Biihops o f Coimbra are Lords and Earls o f Arganti, where they have an Ouvidor, who enters into Correigaon in the other Lands of which he is Donata­rio ; as, Avoo, Coja, Santd Comba da Daoh, Vacarla, &c.

T h e Dukes o f Cadavàl are Lords and Earls o f Fen tuga l, where they have an Ouvidor j who, like him o f Coimbra, enters into Correigaon in all the Lands which belong to him in this Province, viz. Ahayazere, Buarcos, Pena-Cova, Povoa de Santa ChrìJHn, Rabagal, Villa-Nova de Ancos, &c.

Befides thefe Donatories, who poflHs the greateft Part of thè Lands, there are the Dukes' of Lafoens, who are Lords and Earls o f Miranda do Corvo ; the Mar- quiffes de Cafcaes, Lords o f the Tow n o f Angara ; the Marquiiles of Mari aha, Lords o f Cantanbede, and other Lands; and the Earls of Ericeifa, who afe Lords o f Anctacn : T he other Lands o f this Correigaon, which were annexed to the an­cient Diibridi o f Aveiro, are noted in the Description o f Ejgueira, the Seat o f the new Provedoria o f tills Province.

Citimbra, This City is feated in that Point of the Province o f Beira, that lies between the Ocean and Ejlremadura, on the Banks of the River Monde go, Which, at .feven Leagues Diilance, falls into the Sea by Buarcos. Its ftrft Settlement was iiLColimbria, or Omimbriga, where the Condexa a Velha now Hands, as many Authors affert, -and about three. hundred Years before our Redemption: This ancient Place being conquered by the Romans, remained fubjedl to their Empire, till the Invafion of the Suevi, Vandals and Alains , who, entering Spain, Aniio Monaidi.tt. 412; becameMailers o f a great Part o f its Provinces, which in a fmall Tim e they. ' ‘ om' ’ ’ divided into feveral Kingdoms.

T h e Foundation, o f the new Coimbra is attributed to Ataces.King of the Alains', who declaring W ar againil Hermenericus,K ing o f the Suevi, in whpfe Territories the ancient Colimbria ltood, and piqued at the great Refinance this City made* inftead o f genefoufly efteeming the Bravery o f its Defendants, he ordered it to be deilroyed : However, though be Cdrredted; he had nO D efign to lole fuch Snbjedts.as the Right of Conqueif had: given him ; and therefore, after wreak­ing his Refentnient on the Place, he procured the Inhabitants frefli Aecontr

modations,

f} 6 D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

modations, by building that City for, them which now bears the'Name ofCoimbra• ‘ - '-■■■ i

By the Moors Invaiion o f Spain, this City alfo fell, under their Dominion, until it \vas restored by Affbnfo the Great, King o f Leonj who began, to-, reign-in the Year. 862,: And die fame Prince delivered it . afterwards from a clofe. Siege, in which it run- a great R'llk o f being taken j as it afterwards.: was by. Mahomet, AJmanyor, a little after the Year 982* And thenceforward, it .remained .under the Government of the Moors, .as .Ring Fernando, the. Great could notfieliver It from that Subjection in July, 1064, diough he attempted it by a Siege o f fix

Bcwa. Lufit Months. ,iom. 1* Coimbra palling under the Government o f the, Earl Don Henrique, . jointly yritb.

all the reft of: Portugal, tlie Moors again in veiled it,. Anno 1107; but, after lying Monarch. Lu- before it twenty Days, they were obliged to. retire: The fable |happened; to them ^ tom. j. 'm m y } whilft fifteen Pabeja governed in her Son s (Dor, AjbnfoAEnriques) M i­

nority. In the Reign o f K in g Pdennis, and Continuance-o£ .the Difumon beY tween him and his Son the Infante Don Ajfonjb, this latter made himielf Maf- ter o f Coimbra, on the laft Day o f the Year 1321; but the King beiieging it a few Months after, they came to an Agreement, by Mediation o f the Queen Santa Ifabel, when the LordiHp of this City, Montemor 0, Felho, and other Lands, re­mained to the Prince

Its ancient W alls (in which are feveral Towers) are ftiil Handing. It hath- , fix Gates j that o f da Portagem, daEjlrelfa, dbCajlelk, do Collegia novo dos.Cohegos. Regrantes, de Santa Sofia, and de Almedina; It hath likewife a fine Bridge over the Mondego and four Squares, viz. da Unherjdade, da Feira, da Praca, and de Sanfaon. , • -

It is an epifcopal City, and Suffragan .to the Arclifciihops of Braga:. And though the Year of its Erection docs not quite clearly, appear, yet it is certain that it was raifed to this Dignity before the Entrance of-the Suevt, as.is feen in the famous Divifion of the Metropolitans o f Spain, made during the Empire o f Conjlantim the Great, and referred to by Rajes,-d. M ar,- and Chronicler to the K ing of Cordova-, the, fame is likewife proved from ,the Eliberifqn Council, con* vened in the Year 338; and from the firft Council of,Braga,. begun in the fifth Century: Though the Antiquary, Gafpar Efia^o, . hath fome Objections agah)ft the Hiftory of this latter Aflembly 5 in it a Biiliop. of Coimbra is,mentioned,'un­der the Name o f Elipandus j and in fome Memorials, - feyeraLother Prelates are taken Notice of.

T h e Catalogue o f the Bifhops o f this Cathedral hath continued with all Cer­tainty from the latter End o f the eleventh Century to the prefent Tim e, that is, a little after its Reftoration from the Moors by-King Fernando the Great; and the

n>i<t firft Prelate therein affigned was Don Patemo, who died in: 1087 or 1090, and was fucceeded by fifty five Bifliops to the Y e a r ly 34: . Aiid for what morh-re­lates to the Dignity of this Cathedral, I fhall-add, that the Biiliopric contains 343 Pariihes, comprehended in three Archdeaconries - -that o f Vouga, that of Cea, and that o f Penella. YCvsxg Affonfo V". of Portugal united to the ecclefiafti- cal Dignity o f this See, in the Year-i 472, ' the Title; o f Earls , of'Arganil, in- the Perfon of the then Bifhop Don yoaon Gaboon j Which Tow n became .the Royalty o f that Mitre, by an Exchange made in 1432, between- the. Chapter and Mar~. tim Fajques da Cunha, towards the latter End.of theR eigh o f King '‘John I;--. The ChrOnologift o f the regular Canons treats of. this Matter, with dome Yariation; faying, that when Ajfbnfo'V.. made the - Biilipp’ D on yoaon Gratvabn,-Eax\ o f u ir- gaml in the Year 1472, he gave to-the Prior of-theM onafteryof FoIques,P>on M i- guel Fires da Sylva, the Lofdihip, o f the TOwn o f Fafam, and:created him Earl o f Alvarez, on Condition o f his difmiifing thefecular J.urifdiftion which he had

Liv.s. tsp.16, in. ArganlL .

The

T h e Chapter o f Coimbra conflits of eight Dignities ; twenty five Caitbns,. fi.-c half Canons* and three cTereenariosy for which they have thirty'three Prebends:.The Dignitaries are, a Dean, Chanter, Schoolmaiter, : chief Treaiurer, and the ' ahovementioned four Archdeacons of Coimbra, Fouga, Cea, and Penella. .

‘ Other Prerogatives o f this City are, that herein, the Kings o f Portugal kept their Court in their fécond Situation (the firfl: having been in Gmmarams) ; it was the Birth-place of lèverai o f thé Moharchs of this;Kingdom, and hath alfo afforded Sepulchres.to fome o f them; and befides, feveral Cc/Vci have oecafion*

' ally been held here. It hath been, twice ra'ffed to a Dukedom,; the firfl: Tim e in Favour o f the, Infante D on Pedro, Son to, King John I ; and the fécond for Don Jorge, commonly called the Duke-Majler, Soli to King -John II;w ho was a

' Branch of the great Koufe o f Aveiro, Its Charter, is luppoled to have been given ■ it by the Earl Don Henrique ; which, till then; was governed' by that it had from AffbnfoYl. King 'otCaJïile and .Leon, o f which there are: Memorials in the Archives o f the.laid See., 1

Ir is. likewise a'Glory to Coimbra that it is the Seat of a fine UniVerfity; and ..Whofe.Beginning was ' from K ing Dennis in Lijbon, Anno 1291, as: appears in : the Collédtion of its Statutes, but feventeen Years after he himfelf removed it

to where, it' now is : His Son Affonfo IV , or King Fernando, as. .others w ill have Mm«I Se-'' it; removed it again to Lijbon ■> where it remained till the Reign, o f K in g '^¿7; III,

who once more reftored i t t o Coimbra, hi April, 1537. ^ ° ^ h-Lai■ - T he Chairs which are in this Univeriity, and the Faculties taught in it, are ' as follows, viz. feven Chairs, fmall apd great, of Theology ; feven of Canons ; ten o f ffàvvs, or civil: Right ; fevén of Medicine, including the two of Anatomy and Surgery; one of Mathematics, and another o f M ufic: Befides tliefe .Chairs and Faculties, here are four Courfes o f Phllofophy; a Chair for Hebrew, ano­ther for Greeks and feveral for Latin ; which; are reputed as Part of the Univers fity’s Body, although they are in the j fèfuits Col l ege. . . .

A ll this great Body is governed by'a Reélor; who, according to the Statutes, muft be aPerfon o f the firfl: Quality, andm oit illuitrious in Learning and good Behaviour, as the above Charge is reputed one o f the moil confiderable in thé Kingdom, and from which any one is rarely difcharged unprovided of a Mitre : Oftentimes a Reformer Is .appointed in the Univeriity, who hath yet more A u ­thority than the'R eftor ; and at other Times it hath only a Governor, whofe Title is in lefs Eflimation than either o f the preceding.

, N ext follows the Office o f Chancellor, annexed to the Prior of Santa Cruz of Coimbra, by a fpecial Grant of King John III, and confirmed by a pontifical Byfil :T he faid Chancellor is properly the Head and firfl: Perfon o f the Univeriity; he gives the Degrees o f Licentiates, Doctors and Nfafters, as alfo the Points for the Leffons in private Examinations, oh Which Occafions he precedes the Rec­tor, but not the Reformer, and orders the commencing and finifhing the Adts.;Befides thefe, the Univeriity hath Other Officers of Diftindtion, fuch as the Con- fervador, Owvidor, and Secretary.,

The Inquilition adds another great.Prerogative to this City; where it was ef- tabfiihed by the CardinalDon H enri que} Anno 1541, in the Reign of King John III, about ten Years 'after the Inftitutibh o f that in Lijbon, and; is one of the three in the Kingdom, -'f -,u ; .'V- 1. -,

; Coimbra, and its Suburbs, are reckoned' to contain g o o ü Families, befides £oôû Students, which there are in common from various Parts for Eearmng:T h e faid Inhabitants are divided into feven Pariihes that o f the See, dedicated toNojfa1 Senbora da Ajfufftpçaon ; that.of S . Pedro,. fhat o f,S , Çbriftovaon, S . Bar­tholomew, Santiago, - Santa Juft a, and S . Jpaon, da.Cruz,', o f which the firft, fix are'

. Priories, and the laft a Curacy, in the Prefentation of the prior-general o f the regular Canons o f tire Monaftcry o f Santa Cruz o f Coimbra. L ■

:: Vom II. . * X / ■ The

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L, f f . :-

D IS S E R T A T I O N S onThe Buildings, within the City or its Neighbourhood, are foe fubfequent ones,

the Cathedral Church; which was once a Moonjh M ofqU ej1 the fuperh.Edi­pee of the Univeriity, in which the great.Extent and regular Architedlure are equally admired j the Houfe of Mercy, which is the fécond-that was erected hi the Kingdom i an ÌToipìtal, founded ÌtyKmgilfowe/; eight Convents, and eigh­teen Colleges-. "■ ■ 'E ’ ■

T he Mònafteries hre that o f Santa Cruz, o f regular Canons of St.-Ægufiin-,- a W ork truly noble j it was begun by the Archdeacon Don Fèllo,. Arino 1 13 i,

and King Ajfonfo-Uçnriÿucs increafed it, and endowed it with fuch confiderable Rents, that it is 'with Reafori termed a royal Foundation i 'T h at o f Pfimhncan Friars, founded firft in the Place o f ■ pigueira Pelhag but 'now in the -Street of. Santa Sofia ; that of Francifean Monks!, extra-m uraland near the Bridge^ 'that o f Santa Clara, with Nuns o f the fame Ordet, who were firft Ütuated to 'the eaft- ward of the Bridge, but the Convent being deftroyed by1 the Sands o ï ÛizMon- dego, King Pedro II, ordered it to be fumptuoully-rebùllt on thè other Side,.weft- ward ; that o ì Santo -Antonio dos 'Olivaes, which hath alfo changed Situation j that of Celias, Nuns of S„ Bernârdo, founded by the. Infanta Donna Sûncbafxhst o f Santa Anna, formerly o f Female Canons o f St; Augujlin, and. now-'Female Hermits of the fame Saint, which was Hkewifè onginàÜy m another Part , that o f the Monks o f St. Pelmet, feated. firft in the PlaceÌwhere the UniVerfity now ftands, and lince without foe Caille Gates. A t two Leagues from the City, is the Monaftery o f S. Mateos, poiîelfed by J e t omite -Friars, and founded in the Year 1451, in the Reign of Affonfo V . ■ - r :

Colleges : T h e royal one of St. Paul, built by Order o f K ing John III, though not perfected till the Reign of King Sehaftian, An no 1565 j this College, takes ita O rigin from tliat ó f S. Miguel, h i the Monaftery o f Santa Crust, which was In- ftituted by Ferions o f the fo il Quality: The College of S: Pedro, whole Founder was Rodrigo Lopes de Carvalho, aftèf wards Bifhop o f Miranda, witli the "Intent it fosnld ferve as a Refuge for twelve poor Clergymen .'which followed foe > Uni- verfity j it was fo il feated in Santa Sofia Street,1 where the Convent o f Frettiti Jam Nuns now ftands-, and it there remained till the Y'oar 1570, intvhich K ih g^ i* haJUan giving a good Part p f the old Palace for/this W ork, the new College o f St. Peter was begun, 'changing it to 1 its. primitive : Inftkution, which-is & Tuffi- c-ient Foundation for its bearing the T itle o f 'a-rbyal College : That o f thè Monks o f S f Bernardo ; that of NoJJa Senior a da Grdja, 'Fémâlé'HeïSmits !of ;St. Auguftin j that of unihod Carmelite Nuns-, dedicated to Nofia Sent ora f b ‘-Goncekaon-, that o f Franc-ijcan Friars, Percciros ; that o f Santo fihqmas, .Vvifo-XWritym» Friars f that o f Francifean Friars, o f the Province of Algarve-, th at ò f Pedreira, 'Capuchins o f S Antonio-, that o f the Monks of the S antijinia- Fr in dalle ■ 5 "that o f the military Orders of Santiago and A vi'zg that’ o f Friars Of-the Order -of Chrijl, eredted by Order of King John III ; that Of'the fecular Canbns of S'.Jodm Evangelifla - tliat o f S.Bmvmtura, Francifean Friars of the Pr&foidêof Póttiigdl -, that of the Monks o f S, Jeronymo ; tliat of the Jcfuits, which is -oftè b f the ¡lâfgeft o f that Order- that of the regular Canons o f Satiio-Agofiùihb-, mid that 'o f fo eF in n s, Cartmlitas Deficits, without the Cattle Gate's. -i ■ T !

Finally, Coimbra, is the Dead o f a Diftriéty Seat o f a -and foCR e-ftdence of a Proveder, Corregedor, .and Ju iz -de Forar. For the<-pairfkulat-Go­vernment o f thé City, it" has Pereaddfes, ■ hPfleres-, Juiz-Bo P cèdo-, Aihiùtàceìs-, - and other M in iers. A - r i f f . ' - ,

The ancient Gomita was-' featédrinfoëSpot whereCoHtPxw5f f t r i f l e w-ftands, ' . and was rebuilt fome1 Years after it 1'was deftroyed T titì tutti ad' -into the Power o f (lie ib/Waw, as appears fromM eitmrihls-jèÿr'^^'V-Auf in t'he Year 464, it was again !r u inèd- 'by King 'R/mifmund, '. to f i hrifa iall1 thd -SueviS'ère ' at that Time fubjedt. ■ T n thé'eighthC-oU'nc^hf ^ ^ y '¿èfébi^éd:diiAÿâ., itvVo

• Bifhops

S P A I N AND f ’;Q R;T;U p A LBiihopS- figned; with the Names, o f Celidonia . and Pifeberto, whom feme believe

..were Prelates of the,twoCointbras, as the ope Entitled himielf Epifcepus CoUmbri- >enfUi 'and. the .other Epifcopus Commbriccnfis ; which the Mejìre Refende, pretends to agree*/.fuppofing the fh-it B iih op o f Condexa.'a Velha, although he was only -titular*, and. the fccon dBiÙxo-pM _Coimbra Nova 1 .

Efgueirtf {land's half a League to the e ail wal’d o f AvtirO ; and is an ancient Town, as King Sàncho I, Anno icro , left it by W ill to the Infanta Donna.7 k-

f é ] a, his .Daughter, and Queen o f 'Leon -, and on'.her Death, to the Infanta iDonna Branca. This Legacy, was the Occafiùn bf great Strife between the two Tiifantas, -and their Brother K ing Affonfo II, until M s1 Deceafe, ;which happened ■ in 1223, when his Sifters agreed with the Crown to have'tile Lordfhipsof 'qutr, Montembr, and Efgueira, on Condition' that after both their Deaths, the

- tw ò firft iliould be'reunited to the Crown, and the latter’pais to theM onailcry o f Lorvacn. " \ r

This Placers the Head and Seat of a Provi dotata ; -'which Preeminence iti ob­tained, about the Year 1590, oh the following Motive : As the Town o f Aveiro was anciently the Capital of a Corréip ao?Pol the Vaine Name, and King Jobn:lM érefling it. into a Dukedom in Favopr o f thè Primogeniture of'D uke Jorge, .Son to K in g John IT, in Head of the Title of Duke o i Coimbra, an Ouvidor was appointed ‘for this and other Lands which belonged tir thè laid Duke; on thefe

S e rin s , Efgueira, with feveral otlier Towns, remained in the' Còrreipaon of Aveiro, not comprehended in Grants to Donq-tarjof Fi bordinate to theCarrege-

'Aor zA&Frovcdor opCotmbra ; in Prpcefs of Time, and ìncreàfe o f Settlements, tit was deemed better to feparate thofe Eilates, aiid form put o f them a new Pro­vi dori a, for whofe Head the Tow n of Efgueira was chpfen as the principal one o f the Crown Lands ; and in .this mailner 'the'Towns o f the Prdvidoria àECo­imbra were again feparated, which.had been annexed to It ibine Years1 before!

T h e Tow n contains 350 Families, Whó'fe'Gharter was renewed ;by ’K ing Mk- noel. Its principal Edifices .are, ‘ the parochial Church o f St. Andreiy, Which is-a

"Vicarage, and a Commenda of thè.'Ordèr o f a'Hòufe otiMerèytiand.anHofpital. " Befides being Head o f .a Provi dori a, it is al fo the.'Befidence o f a J A z de Fora; but Os iti has no Corregedorhe oC Coimbra fupplies the W ant : Andtit is to be remarked, that'although all criminal .-Affairs belong to the King's M i- niilers, the civil are dependent on tlie Monailery oiLorvaon.

■ Places belonging to the Provi dori a,, oPEfgueira: Agueira, Ana dia, AngejafAf- fequins, Aveiro, Avèldns de Gaminbo,.AveUns. defima, iBempojia, RriipPìdÓ,-Ceffi ids Alvaro, Eixo, Efiarreja, -Ferreiras, Ilbanvo, S.Lourencodo Bairroi Vis da Ribeira, Oliveira do Bairro, Paos, PreJUmo, Recardaens, Sangalbos, Segadaens, Serem, Sor fa , Jr of a, VillarhinboAo Bairro, Yagas,.Vougo, C oncelbo. de_ Per me do, -'Cauto Hd Ffievs.

Am ong thefe Eilates, thofe which do not belong to Donatarios, \bpt remained united' to the Grown, depend. Correifaon;,of..Ctfi^riff,rJas theyfprm ^ly did

..on that of.Avoirs y / d : ■ ... - !. .; y

. ,d. ^ ' Oavidori a de Monte mor 0 Yelbo. , . ,

. - ' T h is . is an Ouvidcria o f the Houle o f Aveiro, fon the Eilates It poiiéilès. iit "this 'Province:; : and,' ' its - Gapitaltis ¡the LdidÌT.oWn- dCMontemir,* compreliending

tlic following ones. ' - '■■ ’ : •- .->•■ :-;v:Wr , y ; ;.\;d ■■ ' y-; y. ¡i-.’ - Towns. -ytiym ■ •'-.yi ir j . r

y Abiul, Av'eifo.iPrutthìdv,;Gafdbde ■ Alvaro, 'EouA^àlpPjoiiMnapÌAòntBtnùrvMdbo, i Pensila, RereirafRrcdrdaens/Segddaens,. anddF¡rres-Novas.' ■ p p v.■ y \ - ; - ,; -

. „ M-ontemor, 0 Velbo hath its Situation on a ftiong Eminence, four Leagues be­low Coimbra, on the jeptentf ienai Bank o f the River Mfindego. ■' Some Geogra-

y :.. u ■- ’ ’ ' ’ ‘ : - . y . phers

pliers believe it to have been founded by K ing Brigus, giving it the Name o f Mdhbriga : But all : that can be affirmed with Certainty,. is; that this Town was totifiderable when conquered by the Moors, foon after their Entrance into Spain. K ing Ramiro I. o f Leon retook it in thé Year 848, though'it was. fome Tim e after-loft again, and reconquered by Fernando 4 be Great s who,, being du­bious of its Prefervation, he ordered, it to be. demoliihcd:: .And it remained in Ruins until the.Reign o f Affbnfo V I, Kirig.of Leon, and Çajîile; whofe Son-in- Law, the Earl Don Ray inundo, ordered the peopling it in the Year 10883 :'rt> which the Affiftance of the Earl Don Sfnando did not a little contribute. -The'Name o f Montemôr 0 Velbo was in Time given it,, to diftinguiih It from Montemôr o Novo, which will he taken Notice of, When I come to treat of the Province o f Alentejo. . 1 ; . . -, ' . i :

From feveral Memorials that are extant o f Montemôr, after the Earl ponLLff- rique became poffeifed o f Portugal, we learn, that King Sancbo: I. left the Lord- ihip of tliis Tpw n, on his Deceafe, to the Infantas Donna Fareja and SanAa; which occafioned greahDiflentions with their Brother King Affonjo II, as has been remarked in treating o f Efgueira; But it was fo thinly inhabited m King Sdncbo’s Reign, that he ordered the peopling it anew, as appeal's by the Char­ter he granted it in the Year 1201, in the M onth of March. And ill K in g D ot- Mss Time, his Sifter, the Infanta Donna Branca, was in Pofleffion o f It 3 but not having the Patronages of its Churches, her Brother made her a Grant o f them in June, 12863 and oh his Agreement with his Son, the Infante D o n A f-

fonfo, made the Beginning o f May, 1322, he yielded to him the Lordiliips o f Mtmtenwr, Coimbra, and. feveral Call:les. The Infante Don Pedro, Son to King John I, was alfo Lord o f tliis Town, and of other Lands 3 which being cufto-

MwurtH.Lur marily given to tlie Infantes, Pr. Francifco Brandqoq judges, they thereby gôt fit, tarn, s. £ke denomination of Eftates of the Infant ado, in Imitation o f , what was prac-

tlfed in Leon and Çajiik. Finally, K ing John II. giving his Son Don Jorgefùs Lands which the Infante Don Pedro had enjoyed, this T ow n of Montemôr en­tered alfo in" the Donation, which was confirmed by K ing Manoel, on the 27th o f May, 1500 3 and is yet ill the Pofleffion of the. Houle pf Ayeiro, which ac­knowledges the faid Duke Don Jorge for its Branch, as will be fheym in its pro­per Place,

Montemôr contains 1000 Families (among which àire feveral noble) ; &nd di­vided into five Farifties, viz. Santa Maria da AicaçoVa, S. Martinbv, 0 Salva­dor, Santa Maria Magdalena, and S. Miguel: Here is fikewifefthe Priory of S. Joaon Bautifta, which is a Ample Benefice, without Obligation of Rêiidence. The other public Edifices are, a HoUfe o f Mercy, four Hofpitals, and the Monaftery o f Female Hermits of St. Auguflin, deNpjfa Senior a dos Campos, 3 which was here for­merly, and belonging to the Nuns o f Santa Clara, was changed for the new Con-

• vent of Sendelgas.This Town is the Head of an Ouvidorta, Refidence o f an Ouvidor and a JuM

de Fora-, the former is obliged to refide in the Tow n, under the Penalty o f Suf- penfion, according to a Decree made by Philip IV , on the 23d. o f February, 126g : It belongs to the Provedoria o f Coimbra, though the Towns o f which.ft Is compofed have different Prpvedores,. viz. one .o f Efgueira, one-Mrfbomar, and. another o f Saniarem. . The Government o f the Place depends on .’three .Verea- dores, Procurator do Confelbo,. and other Minifters. It hath a Capiiaon, môr, with twenty eight Companies o f Militia, in theTow n and its Territories. r : In fome Memorials, kept .in the Archives, o f the See o f Coimbra, th eT itle1 of a City is given to Montemôr, - as.may.,be feen in the firft Volume Bènedic- - tina Luftana. . ... , . 1 J ' ■A " 7.'.777'.'. C - ■ .

I ,.r \ ■' F . ' Avelro.

So 1 D I S S Ë R T A T I O N S on

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L , § i

Aveiro-. This T ow n is feated in 40 Degrees and 38 Minutes o f Latitude, ac­cording1 to'tire moft juft ObfervationSj and in 9 Degrees and 49 Minutes o f Lon­gitude, in that Part where the River Vouga difembogues itfelf into the Ocean.It is a Sea-portj with a Bar that runs Eaft ànd W eft/ three Leagues from the T ow n : A t high W ater there is from twelve to thirteen Palms Depth, and a lit­tle more than ten when the Tide is out* but in Spring-tides it hath twenty four at high Water, though formerly it did not exceed iixteen, fo that the Port daily grows better. : T he Sea Water here mixes with that o f the abûvciàid River, and from a Canal, North and South, of feven Leagues long, from the Bar to the Tow n o f Ovax, feparated from the Ocean by a fort of Downs or Sand Hills :Prom this Canal- are branched out feveral little Rivulets, which form Marfhes and Mets, fifteen Leagues in Circuit, where are feveral Salt-ponds, many Gar­dens, pattare and arable Lands,

The Tim e o f this Tow n’s Foundation is uncertain, as is the Etymology o f its Name j though its Antiquity is indifputable: O f which the moft authentic Me-

~morial that exifts, is a Gift o f its Salt-ponds, given by the Countefs Mumadona to the famous Mdnaftery of Gumaraens, which fhe founded in thè Year 927. In the Reign o f King Sancho I, the Lordfhip o f this Tow n was poiTeiTed by Ms half- Sifter/ given her by the laid Prince, Anno 1187, in Exchange for the T ow n of Avoo, which now belongs to the Bifliops of Coimbra.

By the Death o f this Lady, the Tow n was divided among her Children, and Continued for feveral Years in various feparate Jurifdiétions, until King Dennis again annexed it to the Crown 5 in which it remained to the Reign of Fernando,Who gave it to Queen Leonor, with all its ecclefiaftical and fecular Rights. King John I. coming to the Crown, JoaonRodrigues Pereira had tins Royalty- and a ■ fittle after it was poileiTed. by the Infante Don Pedro, to whom it was confirmed by Affonfi V , Anno 1448, adding to the Grant, that it was o f Right and Inhe­ritance : But his Death happening fhortly after, the faid Prince gave it to Doti, Sancbo- de Noronha, Earl of Odemira.

K in g John II. made a Grant o f it, in the Month o f Auguft, 1485, to his Sifter the Infanta Donna Joanna ; and on her Demife, the King gave the faid T o w n ,1 and other Eftates o f the Infantai, to his Son Don Jorge, whom he had by Donna Joanna de Mendoça, a Lady o f great Quality, creating him alio Duke o f Coimbra :And on King John I l l ’s coming to the Throne, he erected the Town o f Ave ira into the Title o f a DuÊedom, in Favour of Don Joaon de hcncafiro, Son to the abovefaid Don Jorge, and changed the Title o f Duke o f Coimbra for that o f Duke o f Aveiro.

Seven Succefibrs are reckoned in this Houfe, after the Dukc-Majler, until the prefent Tim e : Don Joaon de Ldncajlro, the firft Duke o f Aveiro ; -Don Jorge, the firft o f his Name; Don Ahano, Uncle andHulband to the Duchcfs Donna Ju li­ana, Daughter and Heirefs to the laftPoflefTor; Don Jorge the lid , who did not arrive to the Dukedom, as he died before the Du chefs his Mother -, Don Pay- mundo, who went over to CaJHle-, Dòn Pedro, Uncle to the faid Raymundo, and thè Duchefs AfhrLz de Guadalupe, his Siller.

This Lady, who remained at Madrid with her Hufband, Don Manoei Ponce de■ Livwi/Duke o f Areas, was declared Heifefs to the Houfe o f Aveiro, by a Sentence

given in Lijbon, on the 20th Of OSipber,, 1679, and confirmed on the ift o f March, ,1 681, on Condition however that fhe Mould return to the Kingdom, and remain

! in it, with due ValTalage to the Kings o f Portugal. On her Deceafe, which hap­pened in the Month o i February, 1715, five Prfeterider$ declare^ themfejves for her Eft ate, vis. her fécond Sorg Don Gabriel. Ponce de Leaon,' Duke of Fùnhm, by Ceilion of his elder Brother thtyDuke o î Areas -, the Marchionèfs o f TJnBmn, firft Lady of the Bedchamber to thè; Queen of Portugal) D on ‘Marianna de Aujiria, the Marquis of Gouv'ea, Lord High Steward to King Join Y ; the Earl o f Villa-

■ Vox.. II. * Y Nova,

Neva* and Don Rodrigo de Lancafro : Eeiides thefe, the Solicitors for the Crown laid in their Claim for the laid Houfe‘s Eiiate, under Pretence of its Extin ¿don in the laid Lady. And on the 17th of February, 1720, the. Caufe was decided in Favour of the puke oi Barbos. . . 1

The Town runs North and South, in, a long Form, on a pleaiant fertile Fiain; and is divided into live Wards, o f which die two lowed; are.feparated by a Marfh, furniilied with a Quay o f Stone and fome Bridges ; on the Banks, fome Houles are built for Merchants > .tliofe on the Spot called Marinba, for thé Na­tives, and thpfe for the Enghfo &x Alboy, : To the North follows the. third Ward, called Villa-Nova ; and. the fourth, fouthward, which is til at o f the ancient Town, and the beft of all' now in it, which the Infante D on Pedro inclofed with W ails, and is at prêtent inhabited by. the principal Gentry •; the fifth .begins at theTow nG ate, and is. extended'through a. long Street,, branching out into two others, and terminating in die.Olarins. . L- ;■

Tins Tovyn is reckoned to contain 27*00 Families, in the.fbur following Pa­nifies, viz. the Mother Church, being .a Priory dedicated to S , Miguel - and the Vicarages of EfpirUo Sanio, Vera Cruz, ánd of tfit.Apfirefentdtion, all belonging to the Order o f Avtz:. The other principal Edifices are, a Houfc of Mercy, which is one of the mofr fumptuous Fabrics of the Kingdom 3 an HoJpital, and.fix Con­vents} that of No fa Seaborn da Mifericordia, poffciTcd by Dominican Friars, and founded by the. Infante Don Pedro, in the Year .1423 ; the róyal M on aile ry o f jejas, with Nuns of the fame Order, 111 whofe Church K ing AjfonfoN, laid the firil Stone in 1462; that o f Santo plutonio, now of the Province of the Solidade, built in 1524; the Nunnery of Carmelitas Defcalças, founded in 16^3 ; that o f Madre de Déos, with Nuns of the third Order o f S.Pranclfco, in 1644; and die Nunnery of Carmelitas Defcalças, a W ork o f Don Ray mundo, Duke o f Ave tro, which begun to he inhabited in 1658.

Here is likewife a Cuftomhoufe, with its Judge, Efcrivaem, and other Officers, b elides a ftu z de Fora-, and the Prove dor of EJgueira refides here by Favour and fpecial Leave. . ■

Its Arms are the royal puiuas (or five Eicutcheons) between a brown Eagle on the right Side, and a'Spkere on die left, in Memory (as is hefieved) of Ring Mauocl, who gave it a new Charter in die Year 1515,

Ouvidoria da Feira. ■ ' . . . .

This Ouvidoria hath for its Head the Town o f Feira, Seat o f its Ouvidor, and comprehends the fubfequent Towns.

1 Towns,Cambra, Cajlanheira, Feira, Ovar, Pereira de Sufaon.

Feira is fituated in a fpacious pleafant Vale, four Leagues to the fouthward o f the City of Porto, and alrnoil two to die eaftward of the Ocean. Some Hif- torians place its Building to the Year 990; though this Aflertion is not to be de­pended on as a Matter afeertained : For all that can be affirmed, without rifk- ing Truth, is, diat for a long Tim e paid the rSeigniory o f this Tow n hath, been in die illuitnous Hotife o f the Per;ciras Forjazes, Descendants of- the Earl Don Meado, who flourilbcd hi-the Reign o f Ajfonfo I. King of Leon •, one o f thofe Per- fonages having palled into Portugal t the^Beghtning of the Government o f King Sambo 1 . . . Í . ;

The Erection of this Tow n, into' an Earldom, was, by King Manvel, Andúvc ^ear 1515, in.Favour of .Don DiogoPéreira, Seignior opBeJhdros, -'married to Donna Bcatnz de Caftro 3 although fome .pretend that hisTather had the Title, of Earl : His Deftf end ants continued to enjoy, thefe. Honours; till tbeT eign o f Pe- dr.° IIj when the Succeffion faîluig on theDemife o f the Eàrl Don Ferigvnlç, the.

D I S S E RT A T I O N S ox

S P AÍ N a n d P O R T U G A L . 8 3

K ing gave to his Son,1 the Infante Don Francifco, not only litis Lordihip, but that o f the othei; Lands of tills Oitvl doria.

This Town, contains 250 Families, in oneParifh, dedicated to the Propcacaon do'Efpirito Santo, which at the fame Tim e is a Convent of fecular Canons of S,Joaon Evtmgdifa, founded by the Earl D on D logo Forjaz Pereira, in the Y can 5 bo :The other Buildings, are, a Houfe of Mercy and an Hofpitah

.The Territory fubjeit to Feira is o f fuch an Extent, as to comprehend 70 Parilhes, in which are above 11,000 Families : In it alio hands, the great Mo- riaftery of Grijo, o f regular Caneáis, founded in the Year 922; and the.Abby of Cucifjaens, poifeifed by Monks of S. Bento, built in the Reign of AfbnjbVI. King of Leon, as is affirmed in the Nobiliario do- Condi Zb Pedro.

It is the Residence o f an Ouvidor, nominated by the Donatarios ; 'and its par­ticular Government is compofed of three percadores, Procurador,da Concelho, N o­tary of.the Chamber, and other Officers.

Correlation de Vifeu,■ Comprehends the City of this Name, twenty two Towns, and thirty Ccncclhos, the City of Vifeu being the Capital of the Córrele non.

- ' Towns.Alva, Ban ho, Boba dell a, C and:ft, Coja, En fas, Ferreira de Aves, Lagares, Mar­

tagón, Nogueira, Oliveira do Conde, Oliveira de Prudes, 0 live ir a do Hojjitnl, Penaha de Ævû, Perfilada, Reriz, ' Sabugfa, Sandow;!, Sauta Comba do Paon, S. Pedro dù Sal, Labo a. Trapa.

Concelhôs.A'zere, Azurara, Barreiro, Bcfleiros, Canas de Sabugofa, Canas de Sanhorim, Cur-

rollos, Fùlbadal, Freixedo, Gafanhaon, Guardaon, Gulfar, Lafocns, Moens, Matraz,Ovoa, Penaha do Cajlello, Pinbeiro de Azcre, Pavolide, Ranhados, S.'Joaon de Areas,S. foaon do Monte, Satam, Senhorim, Sever, Syhares, ¿inde, Lavares, Villa 'de Foz de Pioiaon, Villa-Gava de Subavo.

Among thefe Towns and Coneellios, are fome Lands belonging to Donatarios, which the Brevity I have propofed to obierve in this Geography, and the little Iniiruttion or Pleafure it can afford my Readers, will not permit me to treat of with more Particularity: O f thefe,.Co/a and Santa Comba do Daon depend on the Biihops of Coimbra, and thefe the Ouvidor o f Arganil enters in Correiçaon, and both are o f tile Providoria o f Vifeu ; and for thefe .Reafons I have not áffigned them to the Correiçaon of Coimbra, as fome have miftakenly done, under the er­roneous S uppofition that they were two different Cojas and Santas Combas.

Vifeu is fituated in the Heart o f tills Province, between the two Rivers Mon- dego and Vouga, at a League and a half Diflance, forming a Triangle with the City o f Lamego to the North, and Guarda to the Eaffi... It is fuppolèd to have fcyen founded from the Ruins o f the ancient City Vacca, by Command of the Pretor orProconful, Decius Brutus, who ordered this new Plantation to be built on a greater Eminence than that where the old one flood; commencing Ins Plan hr a Fortification with two Towers, 6n the Spot, where the Cathedral C h u rch n oy . , . Hands, to which Fortification fome HiftOrjans (mifeonffr uing Ptolemy) gave tiy Name o f Vtfonpium ; though herein is a manifeit Mifiake, for the. laid Author affirms, -that Vlfonfum was' feated jrv Difpania Lerfajc'onenfs, where the People called Pelendones inhabited, and Vifeu remained jn .thé L im its.of Lujitania. ■ ■ .

Neither does it appear .probable, that on the (aid Occafion it lb mild be nomi­nated Vijh, as other'Geographers, pretend; for its Founder being"d Radian, it. is unlikely he lliould impofe on it an Appellation. fb .HtÜe fignificative in his Lan­guage!: Though -if is certàm thaf'tlfi^City was formerly known by that Name,

. ■' . .’ as

Ubureh.L«‘ as is evidently proved by a Writing o f the Year 925, being a Gompofitlon of the i t tom. ». Earjs Qutt>rn: Arias, who governed the T erri tones of Porto,. with due Obedience

and Vaflalage to Ajfonfo V I. King o f Leon-, and Bufo Buffer who had under his; Care thofe o f Vifeu, among certain Particulars upon the Diftribution o f the Valley o f Moldes and o f Arouca: And in Procefs of Tim e, .Vifeu was formed from. Vi f i , though the Origin o f this latter does not appear.

The two abovementioned Towers are préferved to this Day, and fe rn for a Belfry and-a Prifon : In one of them Itili remains the Imperial Eagles ; and in the other are feen the Names o f two Romans, Fiaccai and Frontinus, Architects, as is fuppofed, of that W ork.

From the Dominion o f the Romans, Vifeu palled fuccéflivfely Under that o f the Suevi, Goths and Moors, with the other Cities o f Spain: Thefe lait conquered it live different Times, and was as often retaken by the Kings of Leonand Aftirias ; its lait Deliverer being Fernando the Great, who took it from the Kings of Or- dova, on the 28th of Jane, 1038 (and not in 1058, as the Author of Orografia Portugueza hath erroneoufly copied from Jorge Car ¿lofio), after à Siege o f eigh­teen Days, having been fifty lix Years before conquered (Anno 982) by-the.fa­mous Aimanfor.

This City becoming fubjedt to the Portuguefe M onarchy King Affonfo-Hen- riques gave it its Charter; which was confirmed by Sancho I. in 1x87, declaring it to be the fame which his Father had granted it: And it always remained as united to the Crown till the Reign o f King Johi I,' who granted-it,-with the Title o f a Dukedom, to his Son the Infante Don Henrique -, after wkofe Deceafe, the Infante Don Fernando, Son to King Durate, obtained it, with the fame Tide, from his Brother Affonfo V : He had, among other Children, the unhappy Duke D on Diogo, in whom the Title of Duke of Vifeu became ex thief, for the Rea- fons fo particularized in the Hifiories of this Kingdom; and King John II. fub* ftituted in his room the Title of Duke o f Be]a, in the Perfon of D on Manoel, Brother to the abovefaid Don Diogo, afterwards King o f Portugal, o f glorious Memory.

Vifeu is one o f the molt ancient Bifhoprics in Portugal ; and though the exadfc Tim e of its Erection is. not recorded, yet it appears with Certainty that there were Bilhops o f tills Church previous to the Moors Entrance into Spain : For iii the third Bracbarenfie Council, celebrated in 571, we find Bifhop Remifol with the T itle o f Prelate of Vifeu ; and in feveral Pole dan Councils, in fucceedmg Years, fome Biihops of that Cathedral are mentioned. By the aforefaid Invafion of-the Saracens, the Series o f thefe Biihops was fometimes interrupted ; nor did King Fernando's Conqneft rettore the epifcopal Dignity to this Church, for he, con- fidermg that the gieateft Part o f the Bilhopric was depopulated, inftituted a Priory in tire fald Mother Temple, which afterwards remained fubjedt to the Biihops of Coimbra.

The firft Prelate, after its Reftoration, was Odorio, who was ele£!ed by the Clergy of Vifeu, during the Government of Queen Far fa-, but ds t)on Gongolo, Bifhop of Coimbra, oppofed the Election, for being made without his Confent, Odorio debited from his new Dignity in 1120, and made the formal Defiftance fr°m ^ Ptetenlions in Prefence of the faid Queen. After fome Tim e, aiid in the Reign of Ajfonfo-Henrìques, Odorio \vas again elected Bifhop o i Vifeu? in the Y earxi44, and continued in this Dignity till 1166. h'--

This Chui'ch is Suffragan to Braga, the which was acknowledged for Metro­politan before 1199; but in this Year, Braga was confirmed in ’the faid.PofTef- fion, by a Brief from Pope Innocent III, againft the Pretenfion^ o f the Arch- biihop of Santiago, who Would havè arrogated that Prominences with the Pre­text that the Bilhopric of Vifeu was foilnerly "

g4 D I S S E R T A T I O NS on

Ckron. dot CoDcg. Re­print. liv. 5 Cjy, é.

Tfie

T h e Chapterris compofed o f fix Dignities ; which are, Dean, Chanter, Trea- fnrer, Schoolmafter, Archprieft, and Archdeacon o f Pendello ; eighteen Canons, and ten Half-Canons, for, which the faid Chapter enjoys thirty three Prebends : Beiides thefe Dignities, there are the Archdeaconries of Bago and S. Pedro de Franque which have not Prebends as the others.

T h e Inhabitants are reputed to be 900. Families, among which are fome ver}' noble. They.are diftributed in three Parifhes; that o f the See, S,Miguel, and S. Martinbo : T he other public Edifices are, a Houle o f Mercy, Hofpital, and three Convents.! v ìi. Fraticifean Friars, founded in 1410; Benedi Sfitte Nuns, be­gun to be inhabited in 1592; Fathers o f the Congregation o f the Oratory o f S . Philippe Neri, eftablilhed here in the Reign Of Peter II. .. ■ A m on g, the Antiquities o f Vifeu, the Sepulchre of King Rodrigo (in whofe

■ Reign the Moors invaded Spain) merits a particular Regard; it is itili preferred in. the Church o f S, Miguel do Fetal, wiithout the City W alls, though the faid Prince died in the Year 71Ó, It has likewifè the Glory o f being the Birth-place to K in g Durate, who . was bom there in 1401. ■

It is the Head of a Diftri£l, and the Reiidence o f a Corrcgedor, Preveder, and Juìz. de Fora. Its Arms are a Tower, with two Bulwarks, between a green Pine- tree on one Side, and a Man blowing a Trumpet on the other.

Correi aon de Lamego i

Tins Correttami comprehends the City its Capital, thirty three Towns, and twenty two Goncelhos, viz.

City;Lamegd.

Towns-Arcùs, jirthamar, Aroma, Barcòs, B ri turn de, Cajlello, Caflroclatro, chavaens, S.

Cofmado, Fontiho, Fragoas, Goujoun, Granjaddo L’odo, Laltm, Lazaxim, Lcomil, Lon­ga, Luntiares, Momenta da Beira, Mondim, Nagoza, Parada do Bijpo, Pafo, Pen­di ¿be, Sande, Serra, Faboaqo, Far orna, Valdigem, Varzea, tfcanba, Villa-Ceka,Villa-Seca.

Concelhos-Alvar eriga, Aregos, Bar queir os Cabril, Cariai S. Cbrijlovaon da Nogueira Ferrei­

ras, S. Martinbo de Mouros, Moffaon, Vai va, Parada de EJlber, Pera, Pefo da Regoa,Beva, Pifibeiros, Refende, Ribellai, Sanfins, Sinfaens, Feixeìra, Fendaens-, Concelbo, and Cauto da Ermida: T o this Correigaon fome aifign the Concelho of Sever, which others place to that of, Vifeu.

Note, Some Authors by Miftake change the Name o f Towns to Ccfncelhos, and Concelhos to Towns.

Lamego is feated at a little Diftance from the River Douro, in a low Spot, fur- rounded by Mountains, between tire City Porto to the Weft, and that o f Vifeu to the South; it is watered by the River Balfamaon, Which, running from South to North, terminates its Courfe in the Douro, palling by this Place to the eaft-

-ward, where its Bridge ftands. Its Foundation is attributed to the Laconian, or Macedonian Greeks, after their Reconciliation with, the Celta, three hundred and fixty one Years before our Redemption ; thètr fiift Situation was on the Spot

. now called S.Domingos daVlyemada, a Place yery iirong both by A rt and Nature, and remained there,, till the Tim e o f the Emperor Fra]an, with fo much Repute among Strangers, ; that Ptolemy, calls it the greateft City of; S p a i n T he aforefaid Emperor, during his Reign, changed the Seat o f Lamego, in Chaiiifement for a Rebellion its Inhabitants had engaged in with thofe, of feveral other Cities o f the Province.; which he effected by means o f fourteen Roman Legions, ordered

Vox.. IF * Z to

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R uy dc Pina Chron. do Conde D. H ate.

to march from Italy for that Fnrpofefand fo ruining thé'‘firft-Settlement, he built another City in the prefent Situation, -which,-■ beirig low1 anffMefencelcis, left the Remaps free from any jealoufy of a future Revoit. Its fuff Nantes were Laconia arid Lacofii-Murgi, afterwards called Urbs Lamacenomm and' Lamcca, from whence was formed Lam ego. ‘ :

1 It was fo ruinated under the Dominion of the Moan: "m Spain, that Ajfonfo \l\. K ing of Leofr ordered it to be new peopled; but aftçr many Years)-." it fell again into the Sarabens Power, being conquered by Almanitor about the Y eir 9 8 2 : From this Sttbjedtion .it whs in Pome manner relieved' by Fernando the. Great ; wl’.o, on the 2 2d of July, i q 3 8, took : it by Force O f- A rm s, arid ‘ made - Zadàn-Abeîii who in- titled himlelf K ing thereof, tributary. ' ' . . ' ; , '

Jit this Condition L'amégo remained till thé Ear 1 ‘ D û ri. Henri que took Pofleffidn o f Portugal: But as one o ftlie SricCeiTorsofthis Mahometan PrInce-;(caHed7 5 /riw in the Writings o f thofe Times) rèfafed due Vaflalagc to'the Eari/fre relolved to reconquer it, which he effedted'in the Year 1.102, after gaining.the Battle of Aroiica, and Ficha on this Ôccafion bècbming a ChrifHâii; ’the Earl gave it to him; but after fome Years Were elapfed;1 and the Inhabitants had undergone various Alterations and Changes, the Earl finally incorporated'it With the reft o f his Dominions. ' - ■r ' ; ,'1 .'

T he Cathedral o f Ltrnego is one o f the moft ancient in the Kingdom, as ap­peal's front feveral Memorials ; but more-especially from that o f its Biiliop Li- bip-cio being at the firft Bracbarenfe Council, celebrated in the Beginning .of the fifth Century. The Series of thofe Bifhops, as well a s o f . others, - W aSinter­rupted by the Government o f the Moors in Spain 5 and though K ing Fèrnando had its principal Church confecrated, he fubjedted it to the Bifhops o f Coimbra, which from thenceforward were commonly called Priors : And it remained in this manner till the Reigrgpf Affonfo-Henri(¡ties, who reftored the epifcopal Dig­nity to the City o f Latnego in the Year 1144, after its Freedom from th&MooriJh Slavery. ' ‘ " ' ' - T 1 ■

This Bifiiopric hath fucceffively been Suffragan to the Archbifhops o f Merida, to tlie Primates o f Braga, thofe of Conipojiella, or Santiago o f Galicia, ' and o f the Metropolitans of Lijbon : A t prefent it is Suffragan to the Patriarchs and Arch- .bifhops of Weft-Lifbon, in virtue of the golden Bull (Bulla aurea), for feparat- ing Lijbon into two Cities; expedited by Pope Clement XI, ott the yth o f Novem­ber, iy ] 6.

The. Territory of this Bilhopric, comprehending às w ell the old1 one as the new, which are properly the Lands o f the Diftridt of Riba de Coa, conquered by Fillip Dennis in the Year 1296, are thirty Leagues in Length, but in fottie Parts do not exceed feven in Breadth : Tliis Circumference hrclofeth1 feven hundred and ninety one Parifhes, viz. feventy one Abbies, feventy five. Vicarages or Rec­tories, and one hundred and forty five Curacies, exclufive of lbme thurch.esbelonging to the Monks o f S. Bernardo...................-

The Chapter is compofed of feXen Dignities, viz. Dean,' Chanter, Archdea­con of Bago, Schoolmàfter, ArchdeaCon o f Coa, Atchprieft, and cliief Treafu- ret j twelvè Canons, fix Half-Canons, and as n^njF'A'cenariùs', with feveral Chaplains. '■ '■

Tliis City is divided into three W ards1 L that Of thd Squate (of Prepay,-which is the principal; that o f the Couto da Se; ’and that' d fth e Gaftlé ; comprehend-1' ing in all 2000 Families; antohg which aie fomeWeiymdbfc.; ; ; :

Here are two Pari flies’; that o f the'See, arid Nojfd Senborq de Ahnacave: The Church of the See was ordered to be built' by the B a il Don Ilenrique, and was Confecrated bÿ Don Bernardo Arehbiïbtip of T&/^Vthépthef, iFraalitton tells ‘us, was a Maori]}? Mofque, arid, had' before .ferved as a Cathedral'; now if is O' colle-' giate Church, with teiy Benefices 'and two .Curacies;.'1' ' " ' 1 : ; '

Other

I) I S s E R T À T I o N S i 6 n' ;

■ S P A I N • a n d P O RTU' GAL. 8,7O ther Buildings, arc, theH oufe of Mercy, Hoipital, and; four. ¡Convenes*. that

of the Antonine Capucbuis,w\\\ch. a t firft, appertained, to the Ten]p(ars, antfafterr wards to the ciauftral Friars o f S. Francijco 3, that o f iecular Cailony of St. jphn J&'Uflngdifti which takes the Name of Santa Cruz, from a Certain fihtatc.;; that of Id off# Senhota da Piedade, o f Female Hermits of, Si. AugujUn; and, the M onafttiy das Chagas .(of tlio Wounds) o f Fraud jean Nuns,- hr tire Field: calleddo-Fablaj),. as are alfo the AugujUns abovementior.ed; ,. . . ,,

Am ong other Prerogatives, this City may boafh,..that iii.it KfingAffotjo-Hen^ riques held thole.famous Cortes, which even to this Day are known, by thofe of Lamego: (See what ThaVe laid about them m the Article of O rA n / A iid , finally, t dial 1 -only add, that it: is the Head of a Correi^aqn, ■ andthe Refill ence 'of-faVor regedcr, Prove dor, and Juiz de Fora; For the particular GovefrtmentvO'f the City! it hath Vereadores, Procurador do Concelho, and- othertMiniffers. -, - " ,v’' 1 :'ui

' . Cerrcjaon da Pinhel, ■ '‘ / ’ ’v ' 1.

Hath fifty five Towns and one C o n ce lh o a p d .o f thisCxreiqqpn, Pinhel.is: the Capital: But it piuft be remarked, that, among thefe. T.owna,. there are fours appertaining to. Donatarfas, and ajp: not fubjeft,,to. the, Corregcdor’s Jurifdictipn, but noted fiere only, for being fituated iu this Part of the Province; thole,of,AI-* meida and Ranhddos are now belonging to .tile Hoijfe o f Infantado-, and in them, the Ouvidor ofVilla-Real, in the Province oiF ra z os-MonfaSyorfatv in Corrcigaon\

. Towns* ■ 1 . . ' o . ■ ■ ■Aguiar, Alfdyates, Algbdres, Almeida, Almendra, Azeite, Cajfhnheira, Gaft ¡faction,

Caftello-Bom, Cajlello-Melhor, Cajlelk-Mendo, Cajlello-Rodrigo, Cedahfam, Cinco Vi fa las, Ervedoja, Efcalhabn, Figueiro da Granja, Fonte Arcada, F6r'no's, Guilhfaro\ Horta,3 . Joaonda Pefqueira, Lamegal, Langroiva, Mari ala a, MhtdnqdfMeda, Morei'ra, Muxagata, Nomaon, ParadeUa, ' Paredes, Penq-Verde, Penediotio, Pencils, Pmhefav Ponte, Povoa, Ranhados, Reygada, Sernancfahc, Sindifa, Soutcllo, Soiito, Favor, d,Fouqa, Franco]}),' Frevoens, 'Valenqa do Douro, Val de Cod ha, Val Longo, Vargeas, VeiloZo, Villa-Nova de Fqfcoa, Villar-Mayor. Concelho, dt Carapito,

Pinhel is feated on the Brink of the River of this Name,- winch, running from South to North, enters.afterwards in Coa, three. Teagues to the weftwanbof A l­meida, and fix. to the north-eaft of the City.of Guarda.. Its.Foundation, is-'com­monly attributed, to the Furdulos-,. and: its: Charter to King Ajfenjo-Flehriqim, though it does not. appeal' in what:Year this was given : Sane bo. I. granted-it a- - new .Charter, in the. Year 1*189-, 1 finlilar to that obtained by'the Inhabitants of Evora ; in which.it is.declared, That they (hall not be employed in the Build­ing of any Fortifications, nor pay Collection to the King, but fhall be exempted from this, and from paying die Tribute or Quitom called Porta gem. This Town was anciently very confiderable, ferving as. a. Frontier again i t the MoorsT. and af­terwards againit the Kings of Leon and Cajlile, fo that they could not acquire, the Lands of Riba Coa: And notwithflranding .the Town of Pinhel remained fuf- ficiently covered, King Dennis, would not omit the Improving its Fortifications, but added to them a Caftle o f Mafonry in 1312.> Tills Tow n is inclofed by a good W all, with fix Towers and as many Gates; which are, xfxeFown Gate,.xhot-ofSmtiagOyffsat.of St. John, that of Marreros, that o f Alvacdr, ahd' that o f Mari diva._■ This Tncfofttre con tains. '2.00. Fahiilies, and the Suburbs 300/ divided into fiye Pariihes; Tw o within the W alls; Which'are, '

. Santa Maria do Cajlellq (an Abby o f the Mitre of Vifeu), andlS',Martinbo yaCOm^ menda o f the, Order, o f ChrijlJ:: And three extra-mural,, viz.. Santo .Andrew, a-Y ica- rage .and Commenda of the Order, of Chrijl Salvador, a Priory,, in. the, royal Pa-, ttonage; .and the Santijjima.Frindadey a Curacy,, in the TrefentaUOn o f Malta-:

T h e other public Edifices are a fíóufe o f Mercy, aii Hofpital, and the Convent o f S. Luis!, o f Frandfcan Nims, founded without the W alIs, Anno 1600. ■'

The Term o f this Tow n extends three Leagues in Circuit; dud comprehends thirty Places, many of them with 60 to ,150 Families, and fomewith above 200.

Finally, Pinbel is the Capital of, a Cotrei^adn, and the kefidence Of á Corriga ¿or and Ju iz deFora, in the Provisoria o f Vifeu. ¡Its Arms áre, ári Efchtcheon, with as ^uinasReaes\Úi& royal Arms o f Portugal) to the Right, add Pine-tree to the Left, and a Falcon above. ■ -''

Almeida Hands half a League to tire eaftward o f the River Goa, and three from Pinbel, in an exalted Situation which commands the neighbouring Parts. It is generally fuppoièd to have been built by the 'Moors, from whom it was taken in the Year 1039, by King Fernando the Great, as we read in an ancient; Chronicle*, cited in the fecond Part o f Monarchia Lufitana ; And as. the Name, o f Lalmayds is given it therein, Fr. Bernardo de-Brito conjectures, that ìt .aròfe from the Sig- iiiftcation Of Lalmayds in Morifco being the fame as;Mefa (a Table) in the Portu^ guefe, alluding to its fi rii S eat ,w hie h w a s i n a Field mo ré" nor th Ward, w here the Valley is now called Enxido da Car^a. " : - * . ■

The new Foundation o f Almeida is attributed to King Dennis ; and that" the Building of the Caftle vtes fo, is exprefily affirmed by the Chi onologcr, 'Durate Nunes de Lenoni The laid Prince confirmed its ancient Charter, on the fith of November, 1296, a little after gaining the Generality o f thè Éàba de Goa-, b y which is to be underftood, the Charter which it had before changing its Situation; ;

Almeida is one of the beft Garrifons in the Kingdom, as well for its Site as Fortifications, which make it almoft regular: They cpnfiit of fix royal Bulwarks, built with thick Mafonry; and fix Ravelins,, o f which that which looks to the River Goa, as hath been faid (at h a lf a League|s DKtance) is fo very capacious, as to have in its Center another, a cavalier, the bettér to difcqver all the neigh-. Louring Country ; It is ihrrounded by good FolTes, with a covered W ay, - -and BÌplarlades ; and almoft in the Middle o f the Square, where,is the grèdteft Ele­vation, Hands its Caftle, celebrated for the Quality o f the W ork, with Magazines Bomb Proof; within the Inclofure are many Wells, befides two Fountains within a Mnfket-ihot. , . , Ì:

It contains yyo Families, with only one Pariih;; which is the Vicarage of Nojfa Benkora das CSndeas, built within the Caftle, being a Prefentation of-the Bilhops of Lamego : The other Edifices are a Houle o f Mercy, Hofpital, and tlie Convent of Nojfa Senbora de Loreto, o f Nuné Lerceirasoi S. Francijco, !

This Town belongs to the Ftoufe o f Infant ado-, arid the Ouvldor o f Villa-Real enters it in Correi aon. Its Arms are the royal Efcntcbeon, with a 1 Sphere.

Correi^aon da Guar da, , „ v .'Comprehends one City, thirty Towns, and one CoutO; mid hath Guar da

for its Capital. L i ^City. H ■ '

■ i ■ Guards. ' / ■ " ",

Towns. ■ ; ! -i ■ ■ ■ .Azores, Aheoco da Berra, Bara^al, Cabra, Csjlro-Verde, Ges, Celorico,,Codecciro,■ Co~

vilhana, Folgojitibp, Form, Gouvea, Iarmello, Lagos, Linbares, Loriga, Lourojd, Man- teigas, Santa Mannba, Mello', Ylejyuitella, MiLens,Gliveirinhs,][Seixo,'S. TLomaon,-. Lelbeiro, Lmrozelh, Valazim, Valhelhas, YiUar-Cova. a Goelheira. -, C,oUtO> do Mofeirpel

Guards. A t a little Diftahce from the1 Rife - o f ; the ' R iver' Mondego; > betw en ' CiudadrRodrigo to the Eaft, and the Tow n o f Pinbel to the North-eaft, is feated the City o f Guards, on Part of the ancient Mountain-tierminio '; known now by

'■ ’ ' the '

S P A I N A N I) P 0 R Is U G A L.-the Name.of Serra da E/ìreUa*, where the Soil hath àn Afperity uncommon to A.

A-Plains, as this Bands. on : T o the Weft it is fepardted from the higheft Part of ■ the Mountain, by a Breach made by the RiverMóndego, which leaves.it with a

, Tufficient Eminence ih reipeót .to the neighbouring Grounds. It was founded . by,King Sancbo I, who gaVe it its Charter on the 26th.of Novem ber, 1199; and it

took'its :Name from'a Tower, commanded to be built by the Paid Prince fo ra \/ Look-oUt, which in.thofe Timés was called Guarda (òr a Guàrd.) Although it ■ . ■

. V is a healthful Situation"'all the Year, yet in White f i t is fo difagreeabie, as to in- : ■duce thè principal Inhabitants to retii-e from-it to their Country Seats and'the

./Bifhpps to change their B th A tn ce idr Cajlro-Branco, which1 is a Very noble VÌI-,’' A dage in the fame Bifhopric., Its Circuit is With Walls of Mafoiiry, accompanied ;

A with feveral. Towers ; and? in the higlieft Part of thy City, fhere. is yet feen" a r Calile, wliich occafioned it to be refpectedfin. ancient Times. : ,.-7 ..,'; '7-

' ’A; ; When it was'Erit founded, it belonged to particular Lords: As the Earl Don ' '\b Fernando, who is termed'Lord of Guarda, in',a Donation of King. Sane ho I, made " ,

1, Yo the Monaftei-y ofYd/Kei/tf, Aftno 1202 : iNfifanuary of the fiicceedingYhmj T ' ~ '.was in the Power of Pedro Fiegas de T averts, ‘ as1 appears from another .Writing, l - 1 of the Paid Monaftery. In the Reign of Kh\g\M anoel, it was erected into a Duke^, dom, in Favour of the Infante Don. Feim andol one of his Sons; on whofeDeath,.Without;$ueceftion, rit reverted to and was again incorporated in the Crown,

, The epifcopal Dignity hath been annexed to the Church of Guarda ever linee the Reign of King. Sancbo I, _ where it was transferred from the City o f Idanba ; arid for this Reafon its Biihops preferve to this very Day tkeTitle o iE p ifco p iE g i- tanienfes, a Brief from Pope Innocent III. haying been Obtained for this Change :From' hènce Pome Authors infer a total Deflxuftipn at the Paid Time of Idanba-, but this is, a falfe Conjedture, for the aforefaid Monarch trutkèd it with the Order of the PemplarS) on, theyth Q Ìfifuly, 1199, which was fpur Months pre- Monarch, fd; vious to his granting; the Charter to Guarda, without appearing in the. mean ‘ wm‘ ** while, fhat it .was either taken, b.y the M oors, or ftiftered any other Mìfchànce. .

. This Church is Suffragan to, the Archbiiliops of B ajl'-L ijbon , wKo were ac-. knowledged for Metropolitans before expediting the golden Bull, o f which I have fpoke in' other Places l Its firft Biihop was called Don fila r tinbo, who died in 1228 j from whomfinciulive) are reckoned1 fifty,.to the Year 1734;. ■

This Bifhopric extends thirty thre^ Leagues in Lengthy and thirteen in Breadth j and hath in its Jurifdìétion ‘two hundred and fixty Pariihcs, : divided

. into feven Diftrifts, v iz .' that of the City of Guarda, - called the Diitridt o Ì A ro ; the Archprieitries of Gelorico, Covilhana, Penam acor, M m fantc, Càjìello-Branco, and x h tO u v id o r ia of A brantes. ~ - 1 t T7 - ,>"■

Its Chapter is computed of feven Dignities ; that is, à Dean, Chanter, School-; mailer, - Archdeacon o f B ag s, chief; Treafurcr, and the Archdeacons o f Calorico and Covilhana j o f twenty two Canons and four Half-Canons,: with the fame Number o f Chaplains. ;l •' , / v ■ bA A ''■■■ 1 -V'.r'. - - 7

This City contains 7201 Families,: among" which are feveral very noble * mid'! are divided into five Pariihes, v iz . the Priories of the See (calledde P rim a )'j of .■ N ojfa Srubora do. M ere ado:, .óf S e Vuente'd S\ Pedro, jànd Sàntiagoy the fo u rfiift inr .

the Collation of the Ordinary, and the laft a royal Patronage: The other pub-A lie Buildings, befides the Cathedral (which is a fumptuous Edifice) and the A

. Churches mentioned, are the Houle of Mercy, Hofpital, and two Convents ; one of Francifcan Friars, founded in 12 r7, and the other: Nuns of the farne

■' 'Order. L. ; .7- L 7 Ai; A AVAbYT'yYW .A /-'Ab ych a -A,.-7 'Aa Y:A'.:.''7ì7;; '.A ' A y 7 'A- l Finally, this City is the ¡Capital o f th e Correi$aon, ■ and the ordinary Refidence

of a Corregedor and of a J i/ iz de Forai ■ - <Ai\ ■ ■- A A. ; ■ ■. A y a - -. - ,• : ' A ' ': L : '11 ■1 ; f

Y ol.TI. r ' 2 'A Cor- .

I) IS 8 E R T A T I O N S on

.Correction tie Cajldlo-BrancO, V '

Is compofed o f twenty two Towns, this o f Capllo-Branco being die Head.

Towns. .

Alpedrinba, Malaya, Belmonte, Bempojla, Capllo-Branco, CapUo-Novo, Idanba a Nelba, Tdanba a Nova, Monfanto, Benagafáa, Petiamator, Proenpa'a Vélba, Bofma- ninbal, Sabugal, Sahaterra do Extremo, Sar zedas, Segura, Sortelba, fmiro, $. Pícente, Villa-Velba de Rodao, Zibrdra. . .

Capllo-Branco. In that Part of:the Province o f Beira, which looks, towards Spanijh Ejlrémadur 'a, between the Rivérs o f Banjul and PcreZd, fiands the Tow n o f Caplk-Branco, at a little more than three Leagues Diitance from the 'Tejo, O n examining fbme Remains of the Romans, ' wllich are found in its W alls and Neighbourhood, feveral Authors have "concluded, : that it was founded on the Ruins o f Cajlrti; Lenca, in the‘fame marineras L eída was from Collipo, And, what we. learn certain from Hiftory, is, that this Place was a very considerable one in the Reign of King Sancho II; for in: the Year 1229, tins Prince confirmed, to the Mailer o f the jemplars, the G ift which he had made them of this Town. In it are {lili feen two W alls, one o f them more ancient than the other, as is

'th e Caitle; and the néweft built by K in g Dennis, in which are feveral Towel's, and four Gates, vis. that of Santiago, that- o f Peíame, :that o f Brahyaon, and that of Ouro. On the Erection of the Order o f Chrijl, to which the Eilates of the Tmplars in this Kingdom were given, the Lordfiiip o f Capllo-Branco 'pailed among them to the faid Order, which enjoy it to this Day. ■ 'd ;

This Town contains 1230 Families, in two Pariihes; that of the Invocation o f Santa Maria, which is within the Cattle; and that o f the Archangel S', M i­guel, without the W alls; both collegiate Churches o f the Order of Chrijl, each with its Viciar, five Benejiciados, and a Treafurer: T he other Edifices areaH oufe o f Mercy, two Hofpitals, and two Convents; one 6f Capuchins, o f the Province daPiedade, founded in 1562, eaftward/without the W alls; . and the other o f Fe­male Hemlits,' o f St.Auguflin, o f which they took Polfeifion in 1.^26, having been till then, o f clauilral: Franc i f can Friars.: Here is fikéwife a fuperh Palace, eredted by Don Nuno de Noronba, in which the Biiliops o f Guarda' refide for the W inter Months, as they commonly fpend them: here. '■ ‘ /■ Cajiclk-Branco is the Capital of a D iftrift,; and the Seat o f á CorregedoY, Prd- vedor, and a J u iz dé Fora; the firft ferving'alfo as Ouvidór o f the mílitáry Order of-Chrijl. ■ - 1 ; "

In the Campaign o f 1704, as K ing Peter II. had entered into the'grand A l­liance in May, -the preceding Year, this Tow n was attacked mid taken- by the Troops of King Philip V ; though quitted again in a very ílibít Tim é. 1 -”1; :

Penamacor is feated on an Eminence,. in a nigged Situation, threei Leagues to ; the - north-weft' o f Monfanto, . and twelve to the foilthward of the, Town: and Fortrefsnf Ahneidar,. being a. Frontier to Spanijh Ejlremadura, fromawhofe Bor- dera ibis a, little more ,than two /eagues Diitance, ItsEonndation was. in /ie^ Tim e of K ing Sancho:I i fo rin .the.Chapter vtirich he grantedate in the Year ]iT8.9;: (when-he gave á-new one to Pijih.d) [ lome'; iubferibing Perforis declare: that fhey. then begun to be peopled. - ’’ /_ S.c '*;=■ , //■ ;:-• .. / ' ¡v/r-n

. T h is is tile principal "Fortification in dower Beira,\coniifling :,of five: Bulwarks. and three demi Bulwarks; befides tiie Cattle, which {lands on the grcaixtt Height/ towaM.stbe South, in.aj-peky.-.Situation,: fufficiently.capacious,!..-¿rid;commonly deemed ftrong; as it not only commands theihther. W o r k / :brit áUthé'iiéighri; bouring Country. Yet I mutt fay once for all; and that on- good Authority, that d /th e Fortifications pf Portugal, are at prefeht yeryindefenfible; as th ern oí/óí1

' them

i

S P À î t v A x d ■ i P : 0 ' î i * ^ U G A l .

theta. ate Buildings after the antique Manner; arid tile few modern biles have been left unrepaired from the Damages they received in the long War, by Time, or the late Earthquakes : I riras favoured with the Sight o f molt of their Plans; by a Geritl'étaan who ‘does Honour to his ProfcJhon* and who pointed out to me the Improvement which might be made iri fevëral o f them from their advanta­geous Situation ; but X fear the Expence would be'too great for his nloit Faith- ful Majdfy^s Financed toTiipport. The Foundation o f this Çaftle i s attributed to D on Galdim Poes, Méfier o f the Order o f Knights ‘Templars,

T h é Town.contains 1050 Families, divided into three Pariihes, viz, the Prio­ries o f Santa Maria and S. JPedrç, 'and the Vicarage o f Santiago: Befides whîçh Churches, here is a Hbufé o f Mercy, ail Hofpital, and d ¿o n ventof: Capuchfas, o f the Province da Sokdade, built to tlie weihv.ard, without thé Walls.

It was ereftéd into an Earldom by K ing Ajfonjb V , in Favour o f Don Lopo dc MbuqUerquei whb having engaged in’ a Confpiracy againft K ing John II, ; He was forcedJto fly thé Kingdom; Its Arms are, a Sword and a Key. ^ .

A

Ç H À P ;

1 '

J p I S S E R T A T I O N S o t i r;

C H A Pi

r > e fc r ip tìm j6f t h e P r m ì r i c e 6f % ? ii& m s À ^ fi:^

, ' i ' 1 . ’ ■ - ■ ■ ■ "■ . l j ' X !■ I1» ’ ' v ' 1; ’

^T^ H IS is. the fourth Province of-.the Kingdom, cpunting 'from.the-^ortii *:^ and is the moft remote from the frontiers of Sjaihy' the/otHersLferving-.as '

a Barrier to it. It, joins on the North and fa ft widitlie.Prov^ice'of Pefra, to the South with that of Aleritejo,. audits weitern Lim its ‘ aro -term inated ‘b y the - cidental Ocean-. ‘ Some Geographers affign it thirty iimé.Lcaghes in ^ n ^ j and eighteen in Breadth; others dimhhihthefeMeafures confiderably, count mg only thirty three Leagues from North to South,, and fifteen from Bail to Wefi. ;

It takes the Name o f Ejlremadura from the Cuftom the Kings o f Lean, had, in reckoning the Conquefts they made in this Kingdom, during the Moorifb D o­minion in Spain., determining them according As their Proximity was ; to the River Douro: And as the Lairds o f this Province were the moft diftant from it, they had the Name impofed o f Extrema D urii, as the furthermoft Territory from the River Douro ; in the fame manner as King Affonjo the Great. called the Lands o f Bnire-Douro and Minbo, Extrema M im i, by réafpn o f their lying the fartheft from the River o f that Name. This Province is tut from Bait to W eft by the River Lagus ; which, after forming at Lijbon] that vaft and fecure Port for Ship­ping, lofes itfelf in the Ocean, a few Leagues below that Capital.

T he Soil o f EJiremadura is reckoned the moft fertile in Portugal, producing all thofe Commodities which are found feparately in its other Provinces ; abound­ing in Wheat, W ine, Oil, Millet, Pulfe, Fruits, and all Sorts o f Gam e; as its Coaft does with great Variety o f good Filh: Here are likewiie very large Salt- ponds, that contribute rio finali Share to the Commerce thereof; being o f a very- good Quality, and confequently in Efteem at foreign Markets. . ’ -

T he Trade o f this Province is the greateft in the Kingdom-; as thereds. con­curring to make it fo, not only the abovementioned Products, but yvhat ft im­ports from its Conquefts, and returns thither, as well ó f its own: as foreign Manufactures.

A t prefent EJiremadura contains three Cities, with,one hundred and eleven Towns and Villages, belides many fmaller Places o f lefs Note : Formerly it had but two Cities, Lijbon and Leiria ; but thè Separation o f the firlt into Eaji and, Wejt, Anno 1716, added another; and the Province now contains a Patriarchate, Archbifhopric, and a Bifhopric. Am ong the Towns, fome o f the chief are, San- tarem, Set nevai, Lbomar, AJenquer, Lort'ei-Vedras, &c.

It is divided into eight Jurifdiftions ; the Capitals o f which are, Lijbon,. Lor- res-Vedras, AJenquer, L ein a, Lbomar, Quretn, Sant arem, and Setuyal : O f which , I fhall fpeak fucceffively, and begin firft with the ; . V

Correiqaon de L ijb o a . . ■ ;v\ t- t,, yfcbmprehehds the Cities o f W ejl and EaJl Lijbon, with its D ifhicts ; in- ! '

which are five Corregedores, diflributed in its chief Wards, beiidcs many other Mimfters of Juftice, as will be feèn in the following Dcfcription. ; ' b ' '

L isbon,, This City is feated in the wefternmoft Part o f the Province, : in 38 Degrees and 45, or (as fome calculate)- 48 Minutes ■ o f Latitude, } and 9 Degrees

■ ■■ 'and:

S P A I X a x n P 0 R T Ü G Ä L.and 15 Minutes of Longitude, reckoning from the Meridian o f the Ifle do Ferro ; and, previous to the great Earthquake in 1755, its Form was amphitheatrical, fpread very diftindtly on feven Hills, viz. thole of S. Vicente de Fora, Santo Andre, do Cajlcllo, Santa Anna, S. Rogue, das Chagas, and Santa Caihartna : It is extended in an Oblong ftom Eaft to Weft, having; its principal Side faring the South, Upon; the Frink of the River I'agmi w hich,1 united herew ith the Sea Water, makes, one of th e largeftnnd fafeft Potts in the World, hißen, including its ^Suburbs, was near-two Leagues long, but its Breadth not half a League in the ^vrideft-Part y fo- that it was net.above fourteen Miles in Circumference-: The City was 'fortified with an oldMoorißs W all, and flanked by feventy feven Towers.' ‘ -Its Situation Is vaftly delightful,. efperially ftom the Palace and other Pàrts o f tire City, Which have a View of CwnPagm ; as it extends to. the .Sea, and is plea- fin gly.dVerfifted with the Pröipcut: o f Towqs, Villas, Caftles, Convents, the

. Country, and ..-Fleets o f all Nations, continually going out or coming in ; be- fides the Variety: of Barks and Boats, conftantly employed in Fifhlng and com­mercial Affair? on the R ivtr: So that ! am Convinced it is unequalled in thefe Beauties by any Metropolis in Europe. .

T h e Foundation of this City is attributed by fome Authors to one of Noah’s Grandchildren, named Elifa j 1 who, coâfting Ionia, Attica , and other Provinces

L ofGrCicc, and'fuccefflveiy the greateft Part o f Italy, and the Regions now called France and Spain, at laft entèréd the Mouth of the "Tagus, oil whofe northern Bank he began to build it, in the Year o f the W orld, 1935, and 278 after the mfiverfal Deluge : From this Founder, they inlift it took the Name of E/ifa, or EHfia 1 and from which in Time was-formed that of Lyjitania, or Lüfitania, which was afterwards extended to the whole Province.

About nine hundred Years after, according to the Opinion o f other Writers.; hifion was reftored by Wyffes, who, returning from the Expedition againft Troy to Greece, was carried by Diftrefs and Storms into the Mediterranean ; and, hav­ing" faffed the Streights o f Gibraltar, he coafted along till he arrived at the M outh o f the TWas, where lie entered to feek the City of h ß o n , founded, as I haveTaid, by E/r/k; and, being pleafed with the Beauty o f its Situation, he de- terniined on improving the Place, and gave it the Name o f TJlyßza, or Ulyfftpolis, equivalent to the C ity of Ulyjes: In Procefs of Tim e this laft was abbreviated, and funk into that of Olißpo ; by which It was known of the Romans, and for fome Tim e by Felicitas Julia, as appears by the following and many other In- feriptibns of that Age, till the Goths 'altered it to Olißpona, and the Moors to Oli-

ftbona ; ■ remaining fixed at laft in Lifiaa, the Portuguefi Name for it : Thefe two Pieces of Antiquity are fupported by feveral Authors ; though there are not wanting tliofe who treat them, as fabulous, at leaft as iinpoflible to be after- tained. ' ' ' 1 ' - - - - ■ '1 - - ■ '■ ’

IMP-- C A E S . M, I V L I Oi -, P H I L I P P Q. F E L . A V G .

P O N T I F. M A X .T R I E . P O T . I L

. P. l\ C O N S . III.-- ■. i F F, L. 1 V L I A , O L I S I P O .

hlßoti hatH been filcCeffively fubjeft to- féveral1different Nations j asdheTar- detanl, Greeks, Romans, Suevig AIans znà Goths i From this laft Dominion it pafled to that o f the Moorsp, and! there- remained till the, Reign of Kèm^Affbnfi the'Gredt, who took it in. the Y ear 798 or 803, but loft it again to the Saracens in .811 f it was' reconquered by Qrdonho l i f t in the Year 950, who, - after plundering it, left it occupied as before: It was again’ taken from Cat Moors, by Äffonfi VI. o f Leon, according to the Chronicle, in the Year 7093, and thenceforward it remained tributary to the faid Prince ; 1 fo that:when h e ■gave Portugal to the E 3 x i^ :Q i\& n n ß e i fte likewifdpaffedrhis- Right overttlns City with it; but as

V ol. II. F- ' ' L- * 2 B the

94the Moors before his Death had rebelled/ the Captivity o f Lisbon continued till the 3 vth of October, 1147, at which Time King Afpnfo-lTenriqucs, aififted by a powerful Clinician Fleet from the North, in their Paflage to the Conqueft or the holy Land, took the City by AiTault, after a Siege o f five Months.

During the Dominion o f the PortuguefePrinces, this.City was twice befieged by the Spaniard!',, the firft Time, in the Year 1373, in the Reign o f K in g Fer­nando, and the fecond at the Beginning of the. Government of John I, his Bro­ther and SucceiTofi but unfortunately for thofe who had undertaken the Enter­prise: About two hundred Years were elapfed, when Lisbon was furrendered to the Duke o f A h a , charged by Philip II, o f Spain with the Conqueft o f that Kingdom, after having put to Flight,- on the Bridge o f Alcantara, a few raw and unarmed People; who inconfiderately endeavoured to oppofe his Frogrefs.. .

Lisbon was counted, before the late great Earthquake reduced it, one o f th e . largeft Cities in Europe, as well in its terrene Extent, as in the Multitude o f its Inhabitants; which, though I do not find exactly computed in any Author, muft be upwards o f 200,000: 'Add to this, the Excellency o f its Port,' the Ma- jefty o f its Temples, the Grandeur o f its Palaces, the Beauty o f its other Build­ings (all now reftoring), the Ricbneis o f its Eftates, the Temperatenefs o f its Chute, the. Fertility o f its Soil, and the Facility of its Navigation, not only with the principal Parts o f Europe, but to Africa, AJia, and America, -and we muft allow it a Place among the firft trading C ities; for although the Portuguefe Dominion has been greatly curtailed both in Afm and Africa, by the Loffes of their former PofTeliions in thofe' Parts o f the W orld, yet an almoft adequate Re- compencC has been made them in the Brafils, which hath fometimes (though not often) made the Gold to be counted in Lisbon, not by Ounces and Pounds, but by Roves.

Among the Glories of this famous Capital, its having-been a Municipium o f the Romans f merits a particular Remembrance; this being one o f the greateft Honours to which the provincial Cities afpired, as it habilitated the Inhabitants to pretend to the chief Employs in the Government: Though neither‘this, nor the many other Prerogatives it obtained under the Dominion o f foreign Princes, equal the Preeminence o f 1 erring as a Court, to the Kings o f Portugal, which it hath poifelled ever lince the Reign o f Affbnfo III, but with fome Years Interrup­tion, when the Cities of Leiria and Ever a, and alfo the Tow n o f Santarem, fhared this Grandeur. Its Charter was given it by K ing Ajfonfe-Henriques, in M ay, 1179 ; he granting it therein great Privileges, and which he amplified, in Re- compence for the Afliftanpe he received from the Inhabitants at taking the City.

In regard to Religion, it is afferted that the L igh t of. the Gofpel {hone here, even in the Tim e o f the Apoftles, and Was never quite extinft during the Roman Government, nor under the Yoke impofed on it by feveral o f the northern N a­tions and the Moors.

The Dignity o f the Cathedral o f Lisbon is acknowledged to be very ancient, though the exact Tim e of its Erection does pot. appeal-. T he Archbiihop Don Rodrigo da Cunba, in the Hiftory he compofed o f tills Church, offers the Rea- fons that occurred to him for affigning to the Martyr, S.Manfos, the Title o f its firft B ifiiop: Under which Suppofitiop, fixty Prelates o f this Cathedral are reckoned to tfie Jaif Archbiihop, Dpn foam de Soufa, who died the 29th o f Sep­tember, 17 xo j o f winch Number, the firft thirty eight were only Biihops, and of thefe, Don Martinbo was the Iaft, who was thrown from the To.weriof hi$ Cathedral by the enraged Populace, _ A little after thp Death o f King ’Fernando,. <md in. the Reign o f His Brother "John 1 , this Church was dignified, and "made archiepifcopal, by a Bull from Pope Boniface. IX ■ and had for it$: firft Ai'Ch- bifliop, Pou yfoagn, called tile Cavalier, with whom are counted twenty two M e­tropolitans to the Deceafe o f tile aforefaid Doi\foao?ide Soufqy among, which.

Biihops

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

95Bifhops and'Arcli’bifhbpSj there have been feven Cardinals and two Infantes, one o f whom fuccteded. to the Crown by the Death o f his Nephew, King Sebajlian.

Before the Ereflioit o f this See into a Metropolitan, it was a Suffragan fuc- cefiively to Merida, Compojlella, and Braga: And after obtaining this Preemi­nence, it hath had ifrbordinate the Biihops o f Guarda, Lam ego, Leirxa, Porta- iegre, Cape ■ Per d, ¿V 'Thomas,■ -Angola, Ahgra, and Funchal.

In this State the Church qf Lisbon remained till, the Reign o f John V ; in whofe Tittle tire Aichbiihopric- was divided into two Diocefcs, occidental and oriental,

dn virtue o f the golden Bull o f Pope Clement XI, expedited in Sftnfa Maria major, .on the yth of November, 17 1 f>-

v T h e wefrern Part was egedfed mtq q. Patriarchate by; the fame Bull, fearing this new D ign ity in the-ancient Church of St. ‘Thomasj which, beftdes fervmg

. for a royal Chapel, was,‘ hr the Year 1708, enobled with-the Title o f injigne Colie- giada (the illufrxions Collegiate), and changed its firil Name for-that o f Nojjz Senhora da Ajjimfyaoh, but it lias aly/ays continued a royal Patronage: T he firil patriarch of this new Metropolis wa_s Don Thomas de Almeida, before Bifhop of Lam ego and o f Forte, who obtained at the fame Tim e the Dignity q f Head Chap­lain united to thp. patriarchal Church, with all the Privileges and Immunities, enjoyed from its. original Inlritption, He hatli for Suffragans, the Bifhops of Lamegc, Leiria-, A,ngra, and Funchal: His Chapter.confifts o f the fame Dignities and Canons, as the injigne Cdkgiada o f 1?/. Thomas did, z iz . fix Dignities, eigh­teen Prebends or Canons, twelve Benefices, and twenty Chaplains: T he Digni­taries are, a Dean, Chanter, Archpriefl, Archdeacon, chief Treafurer, and a Schoolmafler.

Tpje other Part of Lisbon, which looks eaflward, remains with the Title o f the oriental Archbifhopric ■ and preferves for Suffragans, the Bifhops o f Guarda, Portakgre, Angola, Qape Perd, and St. Thomas. His Chapter confifts o f eight Dignities, twenty Canons, four Half-Canons, twelve Quarter-Canons, ten Ba­chelors, and feveral Chaplains : The Dignitaries are, a Dean, Chanter, Arch­deacon o f djisbon, Head Treafurer, Archdeacon of Santarem, Schoolmafler, Arch­deacon o f the third Chair, and an Archpriefl.

Tfie Inhabitants o f both the Parts o f Lisbon are divided into thirty feven Pa­nfries, including the two Suburbs, and in their Diftrifls are thirty five; a Lift o f which I have fubfequently noted in alphabetical Order, viz.

, Parishes hi the City and Suburbs:

In the firil Place, the Pariih.es of the two Sees, o f the weftem and eaflem Parts o f Lisbon, both dedicated, to Nojja Senhora da Ajjump$aon.

fariihes of J fariihes ofSanta Andre . Do SalvadorSanto Bartbolomeu D e SantosSanto Chrijiovaon N .S . do SocorroSanta Cruz do Cajlello Nojja Senhora dos AnjosSanta- Engracta . . . . . . . Santa CotbannaS.Joaon da Pra$a rV. £. da Conccjaon ... y ..bS.Jbfepb: . \ , 'h NS.daEncarnafaon . ■ . ‘

' Santa Jujla - ' - V. ■ .. S. Eftevaon , ' .S. Mamedc " , y N; S. Jorge .1 .'-ri : '■ ■ '■ ■ ■ ; ■.

■ Santa Marinha- ■ .1 y, - .7.. - j , jfutiaon ; ■ - h . ■ ,.Nojja Senhora dos Martyres ,\N S. Laurence ; . ■ . ...S. Miguel • ' ; T.' v Santa Maty if MagdalenaS. Paulo ■ ; • • , S. Mart whoNojja Senhora da-Pena N , S. das Merers ■_ j p.V. " .

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L

D 1 S S E R T A T I O NS onPiirithes of . ' ' l PdrifliM of

S: Nicolao S. Scbaßiaon da PedreiraS . Pairo S. thome .. , ' ■D o Sacraménto , . S. Vicente de Fora.Santiago . . :L ■ '

Pariihes in tlic Diftridls : ,

Nojfn Senhora da Ajudade Beiern ;S. Antonio do Fojal 1 ' ' !S . Leur eneo do Arranhol ' , ;TV* 5 . do Amparo de Bonifica N r St du Purificación da Encellas ; .1 -\ ' iS- Lourcnçû de Cctrmde rSanta Eyria ; ' L‘_'' ;S.fiuliaon de Fridlas '61. Jonen da Falba , ■. 1■ SVr/tfö Maria de Loures - S. Joaon Bmttifta do Lumiar O Noms de fifia de Odivellas - Santa Maria dos Olivaes N . S, da Piedade de S. Quintino'S. Romaon de Car nacht de Santiago dos Felbos S, Scbafiiaoh da Granja -— -------- de Alpriate

N S. da Encamacüoú de Æiïeixoeira ■ N . S. da Encamacaon da Appilläqaön.,. S. Pedro de Barquerena . -■ , : , ;S, Bartholomen daCharneca . ' -Santiago de Camaratc ■ : " ;■ "S. Efievaon das Gales . •.S. Saturnino de Fanboens Gallegos ■ - ' S. Juli don do Foja!S. Pedro de Loufa Pequeña _S. Miguel de Milbarado- ' ■ ' -,N . S> da Purificaci on de Oeiräs Santo Adriaon da Punca Dòs Reys do Campo Grande 'N . S. da Purificación de -Sacävem ■.N . S. da Purificación da Sapataria'N , S . da AJfmnpqaon Via Longa S.Sylvefire de XJñbos.

Befides the parochial Churches in th efe Cities, M r Ap. Rhys mentions a little one, built by King fiohn V ’s Queeli, intirely wainfeoted with Ebony, and Co­lumns of the lame; and the Mouldings o f the Entablature, which they fuppOrt, are gilt with G old: The faid Princefs was interred there, and hath a M onu­ment created to her Memory.

Here are alfo fifty Monafteries, Convents and Colleges (without mentioning feveral Hfipicios, or-HojUliarias, permitted in the prefent or preceding Reign) j o f which thirty two" belong ,to Friars o f different Orders, and eighteen to Nuns, according to the following'alphabetical Lift, given without any Preference.

Monafteries, Convents, and Colleges, m the City o f Lisbon z

Santo Alberto-, a Convent o f Carmelite unfhod Nuns, .founded by the Cardi­nal Alberto in the Year 1584, and ftands in the Pariih de Santos,

Santa Annas a Convent o f Nuns, Ferceiras, of die Order of St. Francis, founded by Queefi Katherine, W ife to King John III, in the Y e a r i 561, for cer­tain retired Women, who lived1 in the Pariih o f St. Bartholomew, clofe to the Cattle: It is in the Pariih of Nojfa Settbora da Pena..

Annunciada; a Monatlery of Dominican Nuns, founded at firlt by K ing Ma~ nod, in the Situation o f Santo Antaon b Velbo, and afterwards moved by King fiolm III, in 1539, to the Place where it now hands, in the Pariih of 5 . fiofepb.

Santo Antaon, i$ a'College'of 'fiefimufiAxoie firft Stone was laid in the Year t 579,; and to which the Community removed on the 8 th o f November, 1593, from Santo Antaon 0 Velbo, as Father Baltbafar Felles affigm.s, and not in 15 8.3,1 as Jorge Qar~- dofo:-writes, fpecifying.tbat the Work’ was finiihed in four Y e ars:, The Patron- age of the principal Chapel,, in its fumptuous Church, appertains'tathe'Goun- tefs de Linbarcs, Doima Filippa Je Sa ? !_in -which Chapel M a fs ' whs . firft faid on the 3 ift of July,-. 1652. In this College are Chairs for Theology, Philofophy, and Mathematics, with varipusClaftes" for the Latin,-ytyym\icii conducing to the public Utility: In the Pariiliof;'Sodrifi.. ', V f

■ 1 ■' .. Sant?

97; Satito Antdon o Vélho ; a College of Hermits of St. Àugujìin, bought o f the Je-

fuits, which they inhabited from the 5th of January, 1542, until their Removal to the new College, on the Sth of November) 1593, as aforefaid; and previous thereto, it had been a Convent of Dominican Nuns, who changed it with the Friars o f the Order of Santa..Antaon Abbade, which occupied the Site o f the An­nuncicela.: In the Paridi o f Socorro,

Santo Antonio dm Capuchos, is' a Convent of Capuchins, o f the Province o f Santo. Antonia i in whole Church the firft Stone was laid in the Year 1570 : Panili of Nojfa Serihora da Pena.

• ri. Bento -, a Monaftery o f Monks o f the Older o f S. Bento, being an extenfive and funiptudus Work,: founded in 1598. It is counted the fecotidof the Order in.Lisbon, by reafon that the College, now callzda.da Bp-dla, was erefted forno Years before, with the T id e of a Monaftery, from which the Friars palled to the new one : In the Pariih de Santos..

Boa Hora 3. a Convent o f Augujlin unfhod Friars, the Tim e o f wliofe Foun- datioii is uncertain ; its Patrons are the Vifcounts of Barbacene: It Hands in the Parlili of S. -Ju/iaon.

Erigi das : Tins is a Monaftery o f Englijh NunSj o f the Order of Santa Bri - gida \ in whole new Church the firft Stone was laid on the 2d o f Odio ber, 1651. Thefe Ree infer arrived in Lisbon hi. the Year 1594, and were lodged in the Con­vent da Edgeran<ia ; and a litile after built their firft Convent o f Mocambo, which was burnt down' on the 17th oiAuguji, 1651, and obliged them once more to ferire to their former Habitation of the Ejperanga, till they could ereét the new one Pariih, dc Santos.

Cardaes ; a Convent o f Nojfa Senhora de Jefus, occupied by Friars o f the third Order of St, Francis ; commenced in an Hermitage, of which they took PofTef- fion in tlie Year 1599, and celebrated the firft Mala in theft new Church on the 54th o f February, 1623 : T he Earls o f Atalaya. are its Patrons ; and it Hands in. the Pariih of Santa Catharlna.

Canno, is a Convent o f Carmelite callido Friars j founded by the Conftable B o n -Nùno Alvares Pereira in the Year 1385, wliofe Monument Hill remains in the Church, on the right Hand of the principal Chapel : In the Pariih do Sa­cramento.

Santa Clara 3 a Monaftery o f Santa Clara, poiTeffed by Francifcan Nuns,- which began to be inhabited in the Year 1292 : In the Parlili of Santa Engraaa.

Cornei garni ; a Convent o f Nojfa Senhora da Conceigaon, inhabited by Carmelite. unfhod Nuns, founded on the Site of the Cardaes in. 1681 : Pariih, dasMerces.

Corpo Santo 3 a College o f Irijh Dominican Friars, moved to the Place where they now are by Queen Luiza, W ife to King John IV , in the Month o f May, 1659^ the Church is dedicated to Nojfa- Senhora-do Rofario, but the N eighbour hood of the Hermitage o f Corpo Santo occafions. its being commonly known by that Name : Panili of S. Paulo.■ Corpus ChrijU, is a Convent o f unfhod Carmelite Friars, founded in 1661, by

Queen Luiza, in a thankful Acknowledgment to Providence for having pre- ferved herHufband, King John IV, from an intended Aflaffination in that Place: by à Traitor/as the faid-Prince went in the- Procelfion. oiCorpus GbriJU ; It Hands-, in the Panili o f .V. Nicolao. _

Coverei a, -is a Houfe for. the* Reception and: Entertainment o f ihzjjefbits No- ■ vieti, during their Noviciate y founded-in* the Year 1603, on the Spot called:da Coiovia, where they- removed, to from - another, whichfthey have, at fome Diftancc. from the City :' This is (eated in the Pariih: of S. Jofeph. -

ri. Domingos 3 a 1 roy al MOnaftery o f Dom inicani , founded by King. Sali­che IF/ and ; accepted by the faid Order in the Year 1241 ; the Church is a Build­ing o f Aj/bafo l l L in-1249 :: It is in thfrParifh o f Santa JuJkr.

■ V o l . 1 L ■ * 2 C

S P A I N and P O R T U G A L .

Santo

98 D I S S E R T A T I O N N on

Santo Eloy, is a Convent of fccular Canons o f St i John the Evangelijl -, founded by the Bifhop o f Lisbon, D on. Domingo J a r do, though the Tim e of its Building is uncertain: It Hands in the Pariih o f S. Bartholomcu.

Enùarnaçaon ; a Convent of Nuns Commendatories o f A v i z , where they re­moved to from the Houfes of one o f the AnceftorS of the Marquis of Qtfcaes, to whom'the Founder was Sifter* and from the Church of S'. Matheus, oil the 15th o f September, 1630. ThisC onvent was notordered to be built-by the .Infanta Donna M aria, Daughter to King Manoel, for Nuns of the Militia o E A v iz , as Jorge Cardofo affirms; but, as appears by her W ill, to found, a Monaftery In Lisbon for Nuns of S. Lento, which ihould be jfubjeft to the General o f the faid Order; and King P h ilip II. obtained a Brief: from Pope P a u l V , to alter this' laft Difpofition o f the.faid Infanta, and to build the Convent, of which we. are treating, for the Nuns and Commendatories,of the military. Order of A v i z , fub- ject to the Lab le o f Conjcience ; they have a Head Commendatory, and admit Pen- fioners of the firft Nobility 1 In the Pariih of Nojfa Senhora da Pena , - ,

Efperança, is a Convent of Nojfa Senbora da Efperança, with F ra n cJ ca n N utis; founded in the Year 1534, as Jorge Cardofo affirms, and in the Reign o f King. John III : In the Pariih de Santos.

Ej'pirito Santo, is a Houfe o f the Fathers of the Congregation do Oratorio de S. Felippe N eri, who took Pofteffion of it in the Year 167.1 : Its Church, called E fp i- rito Santo da Pedreira, is o f fo great Antiquity, that it was iubfifting before the Year 1279; and always belonged (under that T itle) to a Brotherhood of Mem o f Bufmeft, who made a Gift ,of it to the faid Fathers : Seated in the Pan ill o f S . Jullaon.

EJlrella-, a College o f Nojfa Senhora daEJlrella , inhabited by Benedidline Monks, with the Title o f an Abby, founded.in 1571 for a Monaftery of the faid Order; In Procefs o f Tim e the Monks removed to thé new. Convent they had built a little below the other, and their firft Fabric remained deferred, till they lately re-occupied and eftabliihed hi it a College, dedicated as above,, to Nojjh Senhora da EJlrella : It Hands in the Pariih de Santos.

Francezas Capuchas, is a Convent o f French Capuchin Nuns ; founded by Queen M aria-Francijca -IJ'abei de S aboya, and begun to be inhabited in the Year 1667 : In the Pariih de Santos.

S. Francijco-, a royal Monaftery of Franc ¿Jean Friars, founded by K in g A j'~ fojifo II. in the Year 1217, and enlarged, in 1246 : Seated in the Pariih of NoJJa Senhora dos Martyres.

S . Francijco X avier ; a College o f J e fu its ,. the Tim e of whole Foundation is- uncertain : It is fituated near to Nojfa Senhora do P a r a Jo, and in the Pari ill o f Santa Engracia.

Graça ; a Convent of religious Hermits o f St.A u g u jlin , founded at firft, in 1147, at the Foot of the Mountain of S. Gens-, and m the Year 1243, it was built on the Top of the Mountain; and, in 1271, it a third Tim e changed its Situa­tion to Alm afalla , where in Time it loft the Name o f Santo Agojlinbo, and took

mm apRhyf. that it now bears of No/fz Senhora da Graca. None but Noblemen and theLurtDL in 5p. -n r r „ . . * 1 J 7-branches or great F amm.es, areadmitted into this Convent; and they are called, by the Title o f D on, and not that o f Padre or Father; Their Drefs is afquare Cap, purple CalToc, and a Cloak trailing on the Ground, which ocçaiions a majeftical Appearance.. Their Churchds.exquifitely: fine; .but their Sacrifty exceeds any in the whole Kitigdorn, and. may ftahd in Competition, at Ieaft with 40y in. Eu~- rope, .being, curiouily adorned with Relics- of Saints let in Gold; beiides w hich,. there is a fine Crofs, near eight Feet high, ’ o f . nlàfty Gold, ; fo" p pn lero us That it. requires three Men to iupport it, for the Pri.eft that-carries‘it inFrocefiion.; T h e Crois Part of it is richly fet with Diamonds,;Rubies, Pearls,. Sapphires,‘Etneralcft, and ail Sorts of precious Stones of ineftimable Value ; 'gild in the Center of the:

: " ■ .. tvaverfe

traverfe Part, there is laid to be a Piece of the true Crofs, under a Cryhal o f an Inch and a half iquare ; It Hands in the Parifh o f Santo Andre.

Santa Joanna, is a Convent of Dominican Friars ; founded at the Beginning of the prefent Century, in the Garden of Don Jcaon de Cajiro, Lord o f Paul de' Boquilobo: Pari ill o f S.Jofepb.

S.Joaon de Decs; a Convent of Friars of S. Joadn dc Decs, founded by the Com- miliary of the Bull of Cruzada, Don Antonio Mafcareuhas, Anno 1630'; In the Parifh de Santos.

Livramento j a Convent, o f Nojj'a Senior a do Li-oramento, inhabited by Friars of the Santiffima Frindade, founded fmee the Year 1679, whole new Church was fimfhed in 1698 : In the Parifh de Santas.

Madre de Decs-, a Convent of. Frand]"can Nuns, of a great Reformation; founded in the Year .1508, by Queen Leaner, W ife to King John II, ¿rid inha­bited the fucceeding Year: In the Parifh ohSa?ita Engracia.

Santa Martha; .another Convent of Francifcan Nuns, reduced from a Retreat to ‘a Cloyfler, in the Year 15S3 : Parifh o f S. Jtfepb.

Santa Monica\ a Mo nail cry of Augujlin Nuns, founded by an illufhious Lady, called Donna Maria dc A b r u n c le s where the firfl Stone .was laid, on the iff of January, 1586.

Nazareth -, a Convent dedicated to Nojfa Senbora da Nazareth, occupied by un­ihod Recoiled! Nuns of the Order of S. Bernard, founded in 1653 : Paniri, de Santos.

S. Patricio a College or Seminary o f S. Patrick, bought of the unfhod Carme- ¡its Friars, and given to the Jefuits in 1605: Standing in the Parifh of S. Mamede.

"Paulijias; a Convent of Friars of S. Paulo, o f the Congregation of Serra de Oja, founded in the Year 1647: In the Parifh o f Santa Catharina.

S. Pedro de Alcantaras a Convent o f Capuchin Friars, o f the Province o f Arra- bida, whofe Church was begun on the 1 2th of AuguJ, 1680 : Stands in the Pa- riih da Encarnaqaon.

S. Pedro e S, Paulo -, a College, founded in the Year 1632, far Englijl Roman Catholics, under the Protect ion o f the Inquifi tors-general: In the Pariih of Nojiz Senbora das Merces.

Penba de Franca-, a Convent, dedicated to Nojfa Senbora da Ptnba de Franca, of religious Hermits of St. Augujlin, the Tim e of whole Settlement is uncertain: It Hands m the Pariih dos Any os,

Porduncula; a Convent o f French Capuchin Friars, o f the Province of Bretagne in France, founded in the Year 1648 : Pariih, de Santos.

Providencia, is a Houfe, dedicated to Nojfa Senbora da divina Providencia, of regular Prieits, founded in the State o f Venice, by S. Caetano Fbrene : It begun here with an BaftMaria, granted by King John IV , on the 12 th of December, 1650; in the Year 1653, the aforefaid Prieits moved to their prefent Situation, and, on the 1 ith o f October, 1681, Prince Pedro, then Regent of the Kingdom, gave'them Leave to commence the Foundation of the Building they now occupy: In the Pariih das Merces.

Retnedios s a Convent o f Nojfa Senbora dos Remedies,' poflefled by. unfhod Carme­lite Friars founded at fir it in P ampulla, _ in the Year 1582, and afterwards re­moved to the Place where it now is, o f which Building tlie firftTStpne was laid on the 27th of September, 1606 : I11 the Pariih de Santos. y ■ :

S. Roque, i? a religious Hoxtfe o f JefuitsJ which had'its Beginning in ¿n, Her­mitage o f S. Roque, o f which they took Pofieffibn in : the Yearn 533 r. In the Pa-, rilh of Noja Setihora da Encarnaqaon. . . . 1 . , . .. y ■ y

’ Rofq;, a Convent, o f Dominican Nuns, founded1 in the.Yeay 1519 yAnd Hands in, the Pariih o f S. Lourenqo. , J, . . .. y , ^

Sacramento; another Convent of the fame Nuns, founded by the Earl o f Vi- miofo, on th e y th o f January, ifii.aV ln theParifli de ’Sajos: ; ' '1

' ........... .......................... .. ' ■ - ; ' ' Salvador;

: S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L .

RI S S E R T A T I O N S on ;a third Convent of Domini cun Nuns, which at firft was only a Re*

treat, but they took Hie Habit in the Year 1392 : Queen Leonor, W ife to King Jcbn II, fitfiflied the Building, wluch Rands in the Paridi do Salvador.

Santos 0 Novo i a Monaftery o f Nuns, o f the Order o f S a n tia g o formerly founded on. the Spot where the parochial Church de Santos 0 Vdho now Rands, and afterwards moved to its prefent. Situation in the Year 1492, tkbugh its firft Settlement o f all was in the Town o f Arrudc-, it hath' in it a Commend ary, with leverai Nuns and Boarders o f the principal Nobility : Is in the Pariih o f Santa Engracia.

Strinai ; a Convent o f Nuns Trina.r, unihod Recollects ; founded In the Year 1657, and begun to be inhabited1 in ródi : Stands in the Pariih de-Santos, -

Trindade-, a Convent o f Friars of the moft'holy Trinity, which h^d its Begin­ning in an Hermitage of Nojfa S enter a da Abobada, in the Reign o f Afbnjo II : The new Convent was begun building in another Hermitage, dedicated to Santa Ca- tbnr 'ma, by Order of the Queen Santa Ifabel/va the Year 1 2.83 and in tlie.Reign o f K ing Sebajitan, the firft Stone was laid of a new Church, oil the 25 th1 o f March, 1360; It Rands in the Parlili ¿ri Sacramento.

S. Vicente ; a royal Monafteiy o f regular Canons, founded by K ing Affhnfo- ' Hehriques, without tiie City Walls in. 1147; and whofe Reedification was begun in a majeftic Manner by K ing Philip II, in the Year 1582 In the Parifh o f S,. Vicente.

Xabregas ; a Convent, dedicated to Nojfa Seithera de Jefus de Xabregas, o f Tran­ci jean Friars, and chief of the Province o f the Algarves\ it was founded, about eighty Years before the Divifion of the Provinces, in the Palace, which K ing A f-

fonfo V. gave to the faid Community hi the Year 1450: It is feated in the Parifh o f Santa Engracia.

Monafteries and Convents in the Limits o f both Cities :

In the Pariih of Nojfa Senhora da AjudaiBelem ; a royal Monafiery o f Monks of St. Jerom, dedicated to Nojfa Senhora

de Bekm.\ founded by King Manoel, in;the Beginning o f hjs Reign, and in the Place called Rajlello, where there was an Hermitage, with the. fame Appellation, built by Direction of the Infante Don Flenrique Son to John I, and given to the Friars of the military Order o f Chrijl for the Adminiftration o f the Sacraments in it to the firft Difcoverers : But as this Hermitage had the,Title o f a Com­mendano, King Manosi exchanged it with.thofe o f the faid Order for the Church o f.Nojfa Senhora Ja Concd$aqn o f LiJbony which was originally a Synagogue; in its vaft, noble, and fumptuous Temple, are fqeix the Tom bs o f feyenfl Kings qnd Pripces, o f the Blood.

Calvario ; a.Convent o f Francifcan Nuns, founded in the Year 1600, by D,on Violante de Noremba} and Iris I)2AighterDonn%MariaMagdale?ia.

Flamengas ; a Convent o f unftiod Frandfcan Nuns, withi thè Title of Nojfa Sen­hora da Vyictagaonj who foRow the primitive Rule o f Santa.Clara,: I t was founded, as feme Records, expreis, m 1586, by. Order o f K ing Philip II, for. the Reception of. fame Nuns, of the. Monaftery of - Santa, Clarari o f Ann)prs, in,the Dukedom ,of Brabant, who had fled to this Kingdom from thePerfecutionof tftCaiviniJls.

Bom Succefso -, .a, Convent o f Jrijh Dominican. Nuns3. founded 'F t the Y e g t i ba 6,and reduced:to a.Cloifture_in;i% 9*

1 In the Pariih of Nojfa Senbór do Ainparo-ds/Bemjica^S\ Domingos de Bemjica1 is a royal Convent o f Dominican Frkr-s;; foUnded-Ìn

the, ancient Palace. wlp.ch KXngjohn I* gave them for,.this Building! at the In- ftance of D oftor Joann das Regras, as he expreflesrih the Deed o f Gift, made on the 22d of May% 13 9 9 , On the 29th o f Odober, in the faipe Year, the K in g took

the

1 0 0 ,

Salvador ;

S P A I X AND P O R T U G A L.the Convent undeiTiis.Prote£tion,who give to it the Title ol: a royal Foundation; though in the Epitaphs o f the aforefaid Do£tor, he hath alio the Title o f a Foun­der:. K ing John II..very much increafed its Rents, giving it the % inta, which is called, of the Iflands near to Ericeira, in the Year 1487. The Church that at prc- ■ fen t ex ills, is a Fabric o f left Antiquity, as the firfi: Stone of it was laid in July,: 583.

.Cosroakcenga; anciently an l'lojliUaria, . and' now a Gqardianfhip of Friars, of the Province of Santo Antonio; the Tim e of its Foundation uncertain.

In the Pariih o f San Lourtmp de Car aide,Nofsa Sen bora da L u z ; a Consent o f Friai's o f the military Order o f Clonfi,

founded where the Hermitage flood; which Pedro Martins dedicated to Nofsa Sen-' shorn da.Luz, in a thankful Acknowledgment for her having miraculoufly deli­vered him from a ModriJJi Captivity, in the Year 1463 : King John III. gave, this Hermitage to the aforefaid Community,, to build them a Convent, in 1545;' and the Infanta Donna Marta, Daughter to King Maucel, greatly beautified this Edi­fice, with its fumptuous chief Chapel, which fhe ordered to be built in 1575, anfi which fhe fdefted for her Sepulchre'.

Santa Fherefa; a Convent o f unihod Carmelite Nubs, of tvhuch they took Pdf- feffion on. the 25th o f March, 1642: It had for its Founder, tlie. Lady Donna Mt- chaela-Margarida, Daughter to the Emperor Rodolfo I i; who there lies buried j the Ground for this Building was given by Antonio-Goifierda Matt a, Poftmafter- general of the Kingdom, who alfo endowed it with.fome Rient. In .this Convent, Donna Marla, Daughter to K ing John IV , was brought up, and hath there her Sepulclirfi) here alfo Donna Lmfa, Daughter to K ing Pedro II,. received her Edu­cation, who was engaged in a fecond Marriage with the Duke D on Jay me, .Son to Don Nuno Alvares Pereira de Mello, Duke da Cadaval, and died In 173 2.

Carmelitas Defealgos, is a Convent of unihod Carmelite Friars, and hands at a little Diitance northward o f Nofsa Senhora da L u z ; founded by Donna Maria,. Daughter to K ing John IV , fome Time in the laft Century.

Nofsa Senhora da Conceigaon, is a'Convent of Nuns with the above Appellation, built in Front o f that called Nofsa Senhora daLuz, abovementioned; it was erected by Nuno Barreto Fuzeiro, in his Houfe and Garden, and which he endowed with fufficient Rents.

In the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora da Apprefentagaon de Oeiras,Cartura; a Monaitery of Monks of S.Bruno, with theTitle o f Vallis Mifencordia*

In the Pariih of Menino Jefus de Odivellas,Odivellas; a royal Mo nailery of Berhardine Nuns, founded byKIng Dem is in

the Year 1294, and endowed by him with the higheil Magnificence’; lie died on the 7th o f January, 1325, and hath a Monument for him in the Church, where he lies Buried. ■ ' -

In the Pariih oPS. JoaanBautiJlado Lumiar, 1 ,Nofsa Senhora da Porta do Ceo-, a Convent of Francifcan Friars, Of the Province'

o f Portugal, feated in Filhetras; founded' by a Prince o f Candia, on the Ifland of Ceylon, who came from thence .to this Kingdom".

. ' , In the Pariih o f Nofsa Senhora dos Olhaes,. Ghellas;. a-Monafieryof regular Cm onsywhofeChum his dedicated to the glo­

rious Martyrs, St. Fr//* and St. Adrian;. M any Authors affirm,;that, its Seat was 1 anciently ail Habitation of. the Vejlales, . though this. is deiiitute o f P ro o f; and . what I can only find certain, is, that it ferved for the fame Purpofe as,now (though it rddes: not appear what Order the Poifeifors were o f), in'riife-Reign o f King SimiTw-1 , as is Teen by a W riting in 1192 : 111 the Reign o f fffonfo I lf, Anno i z j t , it was a Convent o f Nuns, which' is collected fronv.another W riting o f this Year, kept in the Ferre do Fomho. ‘ 1

V o l . II. ' f 'D

i d i

'S. Bento

1 0 2S. Bento de Xabrcgos, is . a Convent o f fecular Canons o f St. John the Pvaiige^

lifts whofe Site was given to the Order by King Affonfo V, 'in the Year 1456: I t is; the Head of this Congregation in Portugal> which changed the Name o f SvSaL vador do Pillar de Prades for that it now bears, in Contemplation;of Queen V/k. bel3 a great Devotes of this Apoftle’s, and Prote&refs of the Congregation: The new Church Was built by.1 the venerable Father, Antonio da Qmceijaon, who died in the Year 1602. 1 :

Nojfa Senbora da Cmceifam do Monte Olivets3 a Convent o f unihod Augnjlin Friars, founded by Queen Luiza , W ife to King John I V 5 and, in this Edifice, Affonfo VI. laid the firft Stone on the iyth o fA ib y , 1666. ■ . \

Santo Agoftinho; a Monaftery of unihod Auguftih Nuns, which is likewife a Foundation of Queen Luiza, who lies, buried here3 the firft Stone was laid by D on Pr. Domingos de Gufmaon, Archbiihop o i Evora, fomt T im e in jaft Century.

Marvilla3 a Mo nailery o f Portuguefe Nuns o f: Santa Brig; da y founded on the 1 Sth o f March, 1660, with tire Invocation of Nojfa Senbora da Gonceicaon, by Per- nacn Cabral, Archdeacon o f Lijbon3 and it was firft peopled from the Convent o f the Png lift Brigidas at Mocambo.

S. Cornell03 a Convent o f Capuchin Friars, o f the Provinceof ArrabiJa,

In the Pariih of Santiago de Camarate,Nofta Senhora do Soccoro -3 a Convent of fiiod Carmelite Nuns, which, having

been a Vicarage of this Order, was made a Priory in the Year 1608.

In the Pariih o f Nojfa Senhora da Puriftcaqaon de Sa cavern,Nofsa Senhora dos Martyres 3 a Convent of Capuchin Nuns, o f the primitive Rule

o f Santa Clara, branded by Miguel de Moura, Secretary to K ing Sebaftian, in the ancient Hermitage bearing the aboveiaid T it le : Built by Command o f Affonfo- Henriques, in thankful Acknowledgment for a Vidtory which he gained in this Place over the Moors,

In the Pariih o f Santa Maria de Loures,EJpirito Santo3 a Convent of Capuchin Friars, o f tire Province of Arrahida,

founded in the Year 1575.

In the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora da Afsumpcaon de Via Longa,Nofta Senbora dos Poderes 3 a Convent of Nuns, o f the third Order of St. Francis,

founded by Don Brites de Caftello-Branco.

Thefe Convents are followed by fome Churches, adminiftered either by Priefts o f one of the Orders of the Kingdom, or by fecUlar Priefts j fuch as follows.

Conceicaon 3 a Collegiate of Nofsa Senhora da Coticeiqaon, appertaining to the Order of Chrift 3 founded by King Manoel, in the Place where there had been a Synagogue, and given to the aforefaid military Order, in Exchange for the Her­mitage of Nofsa Senhora de Belem, as hath been remarked in fpeaking o f that M o- naftery: It ftands in the Pariih of Nofsa Senbora da Conceicaon.

Chagas, is a Church which was opened for the firft Tim e in the Year 1542, ferving ns a Pariih to thofe of the Navigation to India, and is annexed to S. John de Later an; In the Pariih of Nofta Senhora da Pncamagaon.

Loreto3 a Church of Nofsa Senhora do-Lorefo, magnificently built- by the.'jh?- bans who traded to L ijb o n and annexed to S. John de Later an, by Pope LeoX. j it ferves as a Parochial to the Italian Nation,' and is iubjedt to "the'' apoftolic N uncios: It ftands in the Pariih of Nofsa Senhora da Pncarndcaon. '■ . - ■ 1 1 .

.Among the feveral great Monuments of Charity, which are feen in LUboir, the Houfe of Mercy and the royal Hofpital have the Precedence: Though:here are’ many other Hofpitals and.ftetreats, which, .for1 Brevity fake, I ifiall avoid men­tioning, . ' ■' ' '-Fr" ' '.'V,,,- "

D I S S E R f A T I C) N S o x

Cafa

■ Cafa d a M frica r dia, is a Foundation o f K ing Matiod’s, and the fi rii which Was inftkuted in the Kingdom : T h e Table o f this Houle’s Brotherhood (of which one of the principal Lords of the Court is always Prove dor) hath the Di­rection o f the royal Hofpital, by the Dilpofition of the Cardinal Don Henri que, ' when he governed the State during K in g Sebafiiarís Minority. Mr; ap Rhys fays, p, that this Houfe ’conftantly breeds up fix hundred Boys, and one hundred and fourteen Girls, giving each Sex a proper Education, and afterwards fettles them in L ife ; extending;the Charity to.the Relief o f P/doners, ranlbming o f Cap­tives, affiiting decayed Families, ,G?¿\. Hofpital Real, was founded by 'John II ; but it owes its ultimate Perfection to

K ing Mdmel, w ho granted it. great Privileges, and endowed it with large Rents,

.A nd a s Lifion is majeftlc in its Temples, it is not lefs lb in its other Edifices, in. which the Grandeur of a City cònfifts ; and, amongil them, the following merit a particular Attention. 1

P a p , or the Palace, was, till ruined by tire Earthquake,, a vait, commodious; and majeitic Edifice, on the Banks o f the-River Tagus, and was for foroe Tim e called from its Situation; the Palace da Ribeira; it is the \Vork o f King-Mbso?/, which lie moved to from the ancient Palace o f À lc a c ò v a It ierves for the Refi- dence o f the Kings of Portugal, as alfo . for the Seat of feveral Councils and Tribunals of the Kingdom; the Part o f this fuperb Building which looks eail- ward, elpecially the Gallery and Pavilion (called the Fort), was ere tied by Order o f Philip ÍI. o f Spain, under the Dlreòlìon o f the famous Architect, Philip Terzo.

Pacos da Alcagova, or the Palace o f Alcacvua ; a Palace, fituated within the Calile o f Lipon, built by K ing Dennis, who till then refided in the fame Manner as Ills PredeceiTors had done in the, Palace that now Ierves for the Court o f Re­ports and a Frifon : This o f Ale agon a continued the royal Habitation until the Reign o f King 'Mdmel, and now belongs to the Marquiffes o f Capaes, as A l­caides mores, or Lords Lieutenants of Lijbon. . “

Pagos dos Eßaos, is feated to the W eft, in the Square of Rodo ; and now ferves for the Refidence.of the Inquifitors-gèneral, who here hold the Tribunal o f thè Inquifition.

Corte Real,. Or the royal Court, is a grand Palace, and o f fine A rdiitefture ; built alfo on the Banks o f the River Tagus, at a little to the wellward o f that o f da Ribeira : It was inhabited by Peter II, both before and after his afeending the Throne; and hath been fince occupied by Ms moil Serene Highnefs the In­fante Don Francifco.

Pago, or Palace da-Bempoßa, is a modern Building, feated in the Field o f Santa Barbara ; arid begyn by the m oil Serene Lady Donna Catharina, Queen Dowager of England, and Widow, to King, Charles 11 : It belongs at prefent to her Nephew, the aforementioned Infante Don Francifco.

T o theíe. royal Edifices, may be added the Houfes o f different Noblemen a n d , . other Gentlemen ; which are built with fo much Regularity and Coil, that they would defervedly obtain the Names of Palaces, if this T itle was as currently given- to theHoufes o f Particulars in U fo n , as-it is- at. io me; other Courts o f Europe^

T his City is likewife the Seat ò f the 'principal Tribunals o f the Kingdom^ tA a , the Council of State, the Council o f War,, thzDefitnbargo do Pago, , the Court o f Requefb, the Table o f Confciénce, the Trealury, tlie Ailembly of the three States,, the Tribunal dos Cantos, thè ultramarine Council, the Queen’s Council, the Council o f the’Houfe o f Infantado, th a f o f the Houfe o f Eraganza, the T r i­bun al o f the Inquifition, the Tribunal of the Cuilöms, . o f the /«¿Fy-houie, o f the Cuftpmhoufe"of the Tobacco, the Tribunal o f tisefruzada arid o f many others o f lefs Note, as may be feénin their proper Places.,

The

i ç>4T he particular Government of the City depends on the Senate; which is com-

pofed of a Prefident (always a. Perfon o f the fir ft Quality) ;; fix Defembargadores, w ith the Title of Vereadores, and feveral other fubaltem M inifters.; Lisbon at prefent being divided into two Metropolifes, th ere ‘are accordingly two-Senate H oüfis in it; one in Wef-Lisbon,^ feated on. the N orth-of Roçio Square ; and the other in EajLLisbon,. in .the Ward o f the See, near"to Santo Antonio, which is the ancient Senatej and where 'the fame Minifters difpatch but on different Days, for the better Expedition of Bufmefs.

T h e Security o f Lisbon, on theXand Side, co.nfifts ;in the Number o f its In­habitants o f whom it is eaJyto.form a ¿onfiderable Body, to. join the Troops which.are there in Garrifon, ! KingFfryW i>;inclofed: it with itrong W ails; in which are ievfenty feven Towers, and thirty fix: Gates ; fixteen o f them on the. Land Side, and the other twenty to the Sea; To.which mu if be added, .the D e­fence afforded by. the Caille, feated on the Top o f'a Mountain, which commands; the City and Suburbs. . In Procefs o f T im e this City is fo much-increafed, efpe-< dally to the weftward, that its ancient Walls; now ferve fo r d ' D idiion o f ithe tvvo Diocefes. - . ■ ' ;

O n the Sea Side, at two Leagues to the eailward o f the T o w n oîCafcacs, pud three from the City o f Lisbon, are two Fortreifes, to defend tl(eEntrancé’o f the Pur, whole Cannon crofs each other; thefe. are,'- that o f St. Juliaon, commonly, called S. Giaon; and that o f S. Lourenço, or the dry IftW , named alfo by thé V u l­gar, the Lorre no Bogio. ■

T he Foit o f St. Juliaon is feated to the; North, on a live Bock, beaten by the Sea, with an irregular Fortification, as it is built according'.to the Form o f the R ock; It conflits o f five irregular Bulwarks, with a Ravelin, on the Land Side, and feveral low Batteries to the Sea, well furniflied with.Artillery; and for th e 1 yet greater Security o f the Place, it was fome Years ago .'intended to extend the Inclofnre on the Land Side, to the taking in o f the Spot, called .the jdrgueiraen, that may ferve it as a Sconce. It was büilt in the Minority o f King SebaJUan, by Direction, o f the Cardinal Don Henri que, who afterwards càme'to the Throne.

In Front o f this Place, foutherly, is feen the Fort oî'.S: Lourènço, Xeàted on. tlte Point o f a ihallowSand, which, remaining difeovered at lo.w W ater,is there­fore called the dry Head, as before mentioned : It is o f à circular Figure; and, although it occupies but little. Room, it has good Batteries, both high and' low;, with a fufficient Garrifon, ' . ■ ■

Between thefe two Batteries lies the Bar o f Lisbon, divided in to two Channels by a rocky Bank, with the Name of the Gacbofos.; which, beginning.at"a M uiket- ihot from the Fort o f S, ‘Juliaon, runs for above a League to the Squth-fouth- weit ; The Entrance to the North, is between the Cachcfos. and the ToWer of S, Juliaon, being called from its Narrownefs, the Corridor or Gallery, which ought not to be attempted, but with a fair W ind and Tide ; The Entrance to thé South, is betwixt the ïdiàCachopos and the Tower, o f S. Lourènço,y called1' the Channel of Alcaçona, being much wider than thé other. i . ..

A t two Leagues from the Fortrefs o f S, Ju lia o n and one -northward- from the City, is the Tower of Belem, built two hundred Paces into the Xogus-, which, befides defending the Entrance;^ thé City, Tervçs alfo to regiiler all Embarka­tions, and hath its high and low;Batteries, with a good Garrifon :.„It is the W ork o f King Munoel, who called it the Tower o f S , Vicente, S . : ‘ '' i - '

This Tower, to thé Soutli, cOn‘eiponds .with that of Sifehafiaon, commonly called the old one; o f wliofe Plan, Garcia de Refende is fuppofed to bé theA u- thOr, in the Chronicles o f John II: ,If is fituated-dn the Declivity o f a M °untam and although it follows the; Irregularity .of thë;Grouhd, i it hath liotwithifand- ing feveral Batteries, above and below, which crofs. withrthofe.of tHelTo'wer 'of Belem. ' ' ■ ■ 1 : ■ ': C '

D I S S E RT A T I "

The

,The Alcaidaria trior, or Lieutenancy o f Lisbon, appertains to the H oufe of the Marqurfles o f Gafcaes, by Grant from King Durate, made to one o f their Anceftors, named Don Alvaro de Cajiro; afterwards created the fir it Earl o f Mon-

fanto, by King AJfonfo V. Its Arms are a Ship, with two Crows, one at the Head, and the other at the Stern; in Memory (as it is faid) of tranilating the Body of the Martyr St. Vincent from the facred Prom ontory1 to this City, in the Tear 1 173, and. in the Reign of King AJfonfo - Hen riqiies, ■

Correiqaon de "Torres Mzdra$yConfifts of eighteen Towns, of which Lorres Vedras is ch ief; it is hkewife Ca­

pital o f the D iftrift, instead of Alenquer, as will be noted in its Defcrlption.

T owns*Alban dr a, Alverca, Arruda, Leilas-, Cadaval, Cafcaes, Cafanheira, Childr os, Col­

lates, Enxara dos Cavalleiros, Ericeira, Lourinhana, Mafra, Povos, Sobral de Monte Agraqo, Lorres Vedras, Villa-Franca de Xira, Villa Verde,

Lorres Vedras is feated feven Leagues to the N orth o f Lisbon, in a low Situa­tion, and encompaffed with Mountains, but very abundant in all Sorts of F ru it;It is ‘one o f the moil ancient in the Kingdom (though the Year o f its Founda­tion does not appear), as the Name o f Lurres Veteres, which it had in the Times o f the Suevi and' Goths, indicates; which, with fome Corruption, was changed into that o f Lorres Vedras, Having been fubjedted by the Moors, it was recon­quered by King Affbnjo-Henriques, between the Years 1148 and 1154; in which Monarch. Lu- Interval he alfo became Matter o f Qbidos, Alenquer, and other Lands : In 1184, liyho^pC^- it was aiTaulted by Miramolim, after his Defeat at Santarem-, but the Inhabitants defended themfelves with fo much Valour, as obliged him to defift from the En­terprise.

Several o f the Queens o f Portugal obtained the Seigniory o f this T ow n ; and efpecially Santa IJabel, among many, other Eftates which K ing Dennis granted her. Lorres Vedras was anciently encompalTed by good W alls, with three Gates, ibid, which are ft ill preferved; viz. that o f Varzea, that o f Corredoura, and that o f Santa Anna: T o the northward runs the River Sizandro, crofted by,five Bridges, for the greater Conveniency of the Tow n. Geographers vary much in the N um ­ber of. its Inhabitants ; fome making them only 400 Families, whilit others in- creafe them to Soo: Here are four parochial Churches, viz. Santa Maria do Caf- iello, San Pedro, Santiago, and S. Miguel 3 the two firlt are royal Patronages, and the lait in the G ift o f the Abbots of Alcobaca,

The'other, public Edifices confift in a Houfe o f Mercy, Hofpital, and three Convents : T h at of Nojfa Senhora da Graqa, with Hermits o f St.AuJUn, removed hither in the Year 1544; that of Santo Antonio, at firft poffeffed By Prancifcan Friars o f the Province o f Algarve, and now by apoftolic Miilionaries, commonly called o f Varatojo, from the Village with this Name juft by, it was founded by K ing AJfonfo V , in 1470; and that o f Nojfa Senior a dos Anjos, o f Capuchin Arrabides Friars, rebuilt in. its prefent Situation in the Year 1595.’ T h is Tow n gives the T itle of an E a rl; and the firft who bore it was Don Joaon

Soares de Alarcaon e Mello; who was alfo the firft Marquis, o f Lrocifal, by Favour o f YCm% Philip III. o f Caftile, Being the ninth Lord o f the Houfe of Lorres Ve­dras and its Alcaide mbr. This Lordfhip, which appertained to the Family o f the. Soares, fell to that o f the Alarcaons, by the Marriage o f Don Joaon de Alar­caon with Donna Mar gar Ida Spares de Caftro, Daughter to Gomez Soares de Mello,Chief o f ;tHe 'Houfe o f Lorres"Vedras, who was Repflelro mbr to King Ajfpnfo V i ft Rtia aon Gc- Was the fame Don Joaon, who built the Caille in this Tow n, and the Houles' e^drTm- w]iich‘ his Heirs poiTefled, till they embraced the C'dfilian Party, . .

V o l . II. * 2 E ’ The

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L . I05

The J uriFdidtion of this Town is fuppofed to contain above 3000 Families, diitiibuted in nineteen Parilhes, It is the Refidence of a Corregedor, Prove dor, and Juts! de Fora; Its particular Government confifts o f three Fere adores, a Pro- curador of the Council, Efcrivaon o f the Chamber, and other Minifters.

A Defcription of the Convent and Paiaqe o f Mafra.N e a r to the Town o f Mafra, in the Cotrei^aon o f Forres Vedras, and Province

oi'Eflremadura, is feated the celebrated Bafilic, or royal Convent of that Name, dedicated to our Lady and St. Anthony, by John V . King o f Portugal, on the fol-

iwonnmenw lowing Occafion, as is related by hr. John de St. Jofrpb do Prado. " D on 'foam S , £ F:t" L u i" deMenezes, being.anxious for the religious Concerns o f the Inhabitants of

the Town of Mafra, arid its Neighbourhood, which were at a low Ebb from the great Want they all experienced in the circumjacent Places o f fpiritual Pallors, to direct and encourage them in their Devotions, determined, in the Year 1622, to build a Convent in the aforcfaid Tow n for the Province o f Arrabida, being the foie Attraction of all his Cares, and the powerful Magnet, o f his'religious Sons Affections: However, their fervent Defires were ineffectual, as thofe o f their Succeffors the Vilcounts o f Villa-Nova de Cerueira were ; efpetially Vifcount D on Thomas de Lima Noronha e Vafconcelks, who, jointly with the Provincial, pe­titioned the K ing for Leave to build fuch a Convent; but were refufed, as the Council judged the Kingdom to be already too much burdened with mendicant Friars. Failing, though not totally difeouraged, they remained with the D if- patch, in Hopes of better Succefs in a future Attempt, which accordingly hap­pened. As about three Years, had elapfed fmee their Difappointment, and as many more fucceeded his Majefty’s Marriage, without any Heirs to the Throne, notwithftanding all the Afliftance that Phyfic could afford was adminiftered, in- fomuch that tliis Bleffing was defpaired of, to the great Difconfolation o f the Court. But one Day, as his Eminency the Cardinal Cunha, then Bilhop arid chief Chaplain, was converfing in the Palace with the Marquis o f Govea, Don Martinbo Martins Mafcarenbas, Mayor-domo, or Matter o f the Houfhold, Fa­ther Antonio de S.Jofefb (o f India) came in, whom the latter called and; treated with great RefpeCt; arid the Cardinal Paid to him, Father, recommend the K in g to God, that he may pleafe to give him Heirs, and to the Kingdom Succeillon and Confolation: T o which the Friar only anfwered, He may Have Children i f he pleafes ; and departed from both, with great Modefty .and' RefpeCt, leaving them in Sufpence by Iris Reply; for, Father Antonio b$mg in great Efteem for his Virtue with every body, they thought his Words myfferious, as the K ing was defirous of Iffue, and the Friar Paid he might have it i f he would. Some Days palfed when the two abovementioned Perfonages had met in the fame H all o f the Palace as before, when Father Antonio accidentally came in ; They were glad o f the Encounter, and the Cardinal again recommended the K in g ’s Succeflion to his Prayers, who as before anfwered, that he might'have it' i f lie pleafed; when the Cardinal defiredhim to explain fuch a confided Refponfe, winch the Father without any Hefitation did, by faying, His Majefty would have Children, i f he made a Vow to God to build a.Converit in Mafra, dedicated, to St. Anthony. O n which the Cardinal,and Marquis went and informed the K in g and Queen o f what had paffed; and they both o f them made a folemn Promife to order the Building fuch a Convent for the Province oiArrabidafAfxoriAm ct, by his infinite Good- nefs, fltould be pleafed to give them Succeffion : This, was CQpamupicated to the Vifeount, who received' the'Advice with great Pleafure,; and he made; the Friars o f trie Convent of S. Pedro de Alcantara Sharers, o f his Satisfaction, not doubt­ing the Performance of the rayal Affurarice, or the Father’s Vaticination, who died on the 9th o f March, 1.7r i ; and her M jfefty.was delivered o f a Pyincefs, named Maria Barbara, fince Queen o f Spain, to the no fin all Joy o f all the Sub­

jects,

i o 6 D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

S P A I N A N 6 P O R T U G A L. ' l o f

je£ts, and afterwards continued to give Heirs to the Crown by feveral fucceed- ing Births.

T h e King, now determining to comply with his Vow, lent his ancient Ser­vant, Antonio Rebello da Fonfeca (in whom he repo fed great Confidence) to i elect a proper Spot for the Eredtion of the propofed Convent; and, after two Years fpent in this Commiffion, the Choice fell on one called da Fella, at a little D ili ante ■ from the T ow n eaitward, where his M ajelly commanded the Grounds to be va­lued (as they appertained to feveral Owners), that a regular' Payment might be made for them : And after examining various Plans prefented to the King, he

. chofe that o f Joaon Federico hudovid, a Native o f Fufcany; and the r 7th o f No­vember, 1717, was appointed to lay the firft Stone,

There was a Church built o f W ood where the Stone' one was to be railed, and' 'in which the Ceremonies o f Founding were to be performed; but two Days be­fore that appointed, for the Proceflion, a Storm o f W ind blew down the woodeii Tem ple, which however was quickly remedied by the Erection o f another: And ‘on the aforefaid 17th of November, the King, Cardinal, Nobles, and all their Train and Affiftants, fet out to commence the intended W o r k ; and his Em i- nency confecrated the fundamental Stone, which was of white Carrara Marble, with the fubfequent Xnfcription 1

A fter hi effing tlris firit Stone, the Cardinal performed the fame Function on twelve found pedals 3 on which were engraven the Church and Convent, the Effigies o f the King, Queen, and Clement X I, who then filled the papal Chair, O n the firft golden one, was carved their Majefties Heads, with an Infcription that faid, Joannes V.PortugalUAdAlgabriorumReX, | E t Marianna de Aujlna conjux.And on the Reverie was the Plan o f the Convent, inferibed, D . Antonio Luftano, Mafra, 1717* On the fécond Medal was cnrioitfly wrote the Device o f the U- Iuftrious Portuguefe Saint Antonio, in a Cloud above the Altar, and the K ing kneeling before him, with his Hands lifted up, and the fubfequent Infcription, In Çedis régnât, invocatuf in Patria. .. On thé other Side was itamped the Tem ­ple’s Front, with two Towers, and the R oof with an Infcription that faid, Diva Antonio Ulyffiponenji didatum. In the Portico o f the Tem ple was feen, Joannes V. Portugalliœ Rex mandavk, M afra, 1717. On the third Medal appeared the Por­trait o f the reigning Pope Clement X I, with a W riting, faying, Clemens Undeçimus Pontifex'Maximus. On the Reverie was engraved, Pontifcatus anno 17. On the fourth golden Medal was feen the Effigies of the moft illuftrious and moft re­verend Patriarch, with the following Infcription, F bom as 7 , Patriarcba XJlyffipo- nenfis Qccidenialis. O n the Reverfe was his Arms, with this W riting, Saudi An- tonii TJlyffiponenfs templum a Joanne V. Portugallice Rege dejignatum conflrudum lapD dem in jignum pofuit^Anno Domini M .D Ç C .X F Û .

T he: twelve Medals were four o f Gold, the fame o f Silver, and the fame o f Metal, and all with the fame Infcriplions. Confecration being performed, they were all collected in two round golden Boxes, with two Plates? o f the fame Metal, the one with an Agnus D ei o i Innocent X I, and the other with, onè o f the reign­ing Pontiff ; they-: had likewife a little golden Cheft, in Size a Palm and a half, by four Fingers, in'w hich was depofited the regal W ritings by which the King obliged .hisnlelf to; build a Church to St .Antonio, in Compliance, with the Vow he had made him : Thereby/ere likewife two Glaffes o f ,holy Q if put Up in two Cafes; and all the abovementioned, after being carried in Proceflion, were placed

Deo Optimo, Maximof Divoque Antonio Lujitano,

Femplum Ijoc didatum Joannes Lufitanorum Rex,

Fott compos ob fufeeptos liberos,

Prim um que f u n davit lapidem Thomas LPatriarcha UfyJJtponeyifis Occidentales

Solemni ritue Sacravif, pofmfqüe

Anno D o m in i 1717, X W .K u L D ecem b r.

by

by tlie Patriarch in a white Marble Cheil, in the h oundation under the high Altar on the Gofpel Side, to which he defcended for this Piupofe by fome Steps,■ Every thing being thus fettled and diipofed in its proper Place by the Cardinal, he threw in Lime and Sand, and had it covered with a great Stone; on which the Kiin* ordered to be flung, by his Almoner, twelve Moidores, twelve H alf M oi- dorcs, twelve Quarter ditto, twelve new Crufades, twelve Coins o f twelve Pantens, twelve of fix, twelve of three, twelve o f one, twelve o f ten Reis Copper, twelve o f five Rets, twelve of three Reis, and twelve of one Rei and a half. And this Func­tion ended, his Emincncy blefied the Foundations of all the Church, with Hyfibp and Orations fitted to the Occaiion, after which The Mafs was fung with M uficj and this concluded, his Majeftyand Train approached with thirteen Bafkets (the K in g ’s gilt, and the others-filvered), filled with Stones and Mortar, which the Bearers applied in its proper Place, to the great Joy and Edification o f the Be­holders, as was evidently manifefted by the copious Flood .of Tears then ilied.

After this the Building o f the Church went:uninterruptedly on for.thirteen Years, when the greater Part of this majeftic Fabric was finifhed - and the bkjfed Virgin and St, Anthony (to both whom it was dedicated) were expofed to Venera­tion ; And the Church was confecrated, by Order of the King, on the 22d of OBober, 1730, being his Majefty’s Birth-Day, which -augmented;the.Feftivity, otherwife truly magnificent.

T his facred Function was, by the Sovereign’s Order, attended by the two Cardinals, Num da Cunba e A t aide and Don Joaoa da Mota e Syfaa, who arrived at the Town of Mafra, on the 18th of the faid Month, with a numerous aild m oil lucid Equipage: The Bifhops lihewife of Lcyria, Portalegre, Tatar a, and Nankin, affifted to confecrate the Altars,

On the 19 th, his Majeily came, accompanied by the m oil ferene Prince o f Brajil, and the Infante Don Antonio, with a Party o f the Lifeguards, and a great Number of other Attendants.

O n the 20th, the moft Uluftrious Patriarch, Don Thomas de Almeida, appeared in that State he always ufed on public Occafions j and at the fame Time all the Canons and Dignitaries o f the patriarchal Church came, by his Order, to affift him in the Colifecration: And as the 22'd was appointed'for this Fun£Hon, the Guardian of the new Convent had Orders to fail, with all his Community (con­fining of 250), as ufual on the Vigil o f filch Solemnities. 1

On the Day appointed, the Church was duly prepared for the feftive A ¿I f in whofe Edifice were feen thirty four folid Marble Columns, which on'the Sides were accompanied by the Altar Pieces, and among them were comprehended fix:, being of the three principal Chapels ; and which, placed on Bafes of the fine.il Stones, made the faid. Chapels to meafure in Height thirty nine Palms,J and be­tween fifteen and fixteen broad*. Thefe Pillars, as well as: all the other lapidary W ork (fuch as Porticos, Comifhes, Entablatures, Feftoons, G?c.) o f this fu- perb BafiUc, confifl of the moil beautiful Marbles and jafpars, that could be colleblcd in all Parts; in which Nature hath dilplayed fuch a ft range, variegated Mixture o f Beauties, as feeni ratlier Embellifhments- or Produfts' o f A rt, than flowing from a felf-efficlent Caufe: And omitting to mention all other Decora­tions in which the Temple then abounded, though not quite finifhedf it Was on the aforefaid-Day confecrated,' and dedicated to the propofed Saints and the Benediition extended to all the particular Cells and other Apartments/ Croffes; Altars, and all their Ornaments, PrieftsVeftments, and'every thing fixed and moveable, ufed in. the officiating divine Service. W hich I ¿Xcufe particularizing, to avoid an unneceflary Prolixity; fince when, fifty eight Marble Statues' have been erefted in the Portico, and' interior Parts o f the" Tern pie, which hath not a little added to the graceful Elegance o f what was before feen "there, '

i o 8 ' D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

O f ■

O f the Church's Length, Breadth, and Height:

T he Body o f the Church hath, from its principal Entrance to the Depth o f the great Chapel, 277 Palms, viz,

. 'i Pairts.T o the Arch of the Crofs, or where it Hands from the chief Door; - - 147This hath in Diameter, - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 9T he Depth of the great Chapel, - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 1

As above, 277

The Breadth from one o f the collateral Chapels‘to another, - - 200The lame o f the Body o f the Church, - - - - - .56^The Depth of the Chapels which are in the Naves of the Church, - - 43 .T he Height from the Pavement to the Crown, - - - - - - - - - 61 .The lame, o f the Pedeftal on the Crown, - - - - - - - - - - 10The fame from the faid Pedeftal to the Center-of tire Vault o f the 'Body

o f the Church, - - - - - - - - - 30So 'that'from the Pavement to the Top of the "Vault is, - - - - toi

T he Columns o f the Crofs-way and great Chapel are in W idth, - - - 36 \From the Pavement o f the Church t6 the Crown that goes upon the Per-I fmasj on which the Body o f the QymboAunt is formed, ' - " - - - - - 112 ^

Froth the faid Crown to the Vault, inclofmg the Body o f the Cpnboriumy 821 From the faid Inclofure to the Height o f the-Crofs, - - - - - - 85 t■ -which makes the total Height o f t i r e - - - ■ - - 181

T h e Towers of the Chur eh, from1 the Ground-plot to the Crofs on theSpire, are, - 3 14'f

T he Spfre Is in Height, from the laft Stone-of the Tower, - - - 33The-Copper Cock, made of two Plate9,- riveted together and -faftened to

an Iron Bar, with three Plates o f the fame-Metal, to ihew the Wind, hath in Height on the'Bar, - - - - - - ' - - - - - - 3 1and in Length, from the T a il to the Head, - - - - - - - - 10 1T h e Cock weighs't o Afrobas. ' .T h e Bar o f Iron,, to which the Pieces are fixed that ferve for a Pyramid to the

Copper "Globe, in which is placed the holy Wood,, with its Authentic, weighs 51 Arrobas and 6 Pounds.

T h e Copper Globe weighs 4 Arrobas and 13 Pounds ; at its Lining of Lead,II Arrobas and 11 Pounds; having 4 Palms and 3 Quarters Diameter. And the Bar o f frpn, with all its Fixtures of Globe, Cock and Crofs, weighs 226 Arrobas and 15 Pounds: And all the above is to be underftpod in each T o wer.

In each, o f the Towers is a Set o f Bells, confifting o f fifty one, viz. the great Bell, on which the Hours are ftruck, weighing 800 Arrobas, and is in Diameter 1 1 Palms and a h a lf: Under this Bell hang two otilers, ferving for the H alf and Quarter Hours. .And yet lower, in a feparate- Body, are forty eight Bells, on which fome Tunes are played before ftriking the Hours, Halves and Quarters; the biggeft weighs .666. Arrobasand iy.Pounds, Being tuned .to,the Note G—f i ­re—ut, tfie,others being proportioned.to this by.a gradual pufical Diminution.

.Tins Set plays imtwo,Manners ythe one With Hammers on the Gutfide, moved by W eights and Wheels.; and the . other op the Infide with Clappers: Both per­forming feveral .Pieces o f Mm fie, without interfering ^with or. interrupting each other.; ..and have little Bells fo placed for Shake?,- as to. execute this Part with great Soi'tneft and Confonuncy.

There oire. befides, eight Bells more in tfiefe Towers, ft pftined fpr calling to dN vine Semce/ all by N otes: The -firft vyrighs .54:1 - Arrobas ;ind 9 P o u n d s th e fe - cond, 4u6^Aa'ohas and 10Pounds; tire th ird ,290.Arrobas,and. 16 Pounds; the

V ox. II. * 2 F fourth,

r rtffourth, 231 Arrobas and 23 Pounds 3 the fifth, 119 Arrobas and 8 Pounds; the fixth, omitted; the feventh, 76 Arrobas and 12 Pounds; the eighth, 104 Arro­bas, which, being of a very high Note aild fweetTone, is called, .by Antonoma-.

fin , the Bell of Grace: This ferves to fummons to Sermons and ProceiFions, being very doleful and moving to Companion; it was the W ork o f a Portuguefe, named PcdrO PahiVra,

T he Bell which calls to the Semduplas, weighs 51 Arrobas and a. Pound' and' a half; that which rings for Holidays, weighs 43 Arrobas and 3 Pounds; that which calls the Community to the Choir, 40 Arrobas,

Befides, there is a little one, .weighing'one Arro.ba, which ferves for Signals to the Towers : And thefe ufed in tile divine Offices, are difpofed. of in the two Towers, being twelve in.Number j w hich ,, joined with the other Sets, make in all one hundred and fourteen.

A Defcription o f the interior Part of the Convent, and the Magnificence o f the Palace,

T he Frontifpiece o f the Church includes three great Arches, in. which are formed as many Doors, elevated to the Height o f them, and two leffer Portals placed between the three; all of Iron, beautifully wrought, and inlaid with Brafs, after.fuch an artful, ‘curious Manner, as is hardly to .be equalled.

A ll thefe five Gates give Entrance to the Court, which is a long Square; and hath 116 Palms in Length, by 32 wide; the W hole panneled with blue and white Marble, and the Pavement neat and elegantly inlaid with a vaft Variety of fine Stones; Here are likewife feen fix large Jafpar Statues, viz, o f St. Vincent, St. Sebaftian, St. Bennet, St. Bernard-, St, Brum, and St, John da Matt a, all placed in Niches. . . .

In this Court are the three Gates which give Admilfion to the C hurch; that in the Middle, having a niched Column,on each Side, with Capitals of, the Co­rinthian Order, all o f white Marble, which are crowned by a Stone with beauti­ful Mouldings, having, in-its Center.an Oval o f Jafpar, whereon is reprefented the holy. Virgin, with, the little Jefus in her Arms, and St. Anthony kneeling, gar- ni(lied with Feitoons and Branches o f Flowers on the Sides; all which is caryed in the moil mafterly Manner: The other two Doors are fimilar to that now de- feribed, with the foie Difference, that tliefe are not quite fo high, rtor ornamented only with the Sculpture of Feiloons, Branches o f Lilies, and Seraphims.

In the two Extremes of the Court are two Doors, imitating, in Size and Adornment, the three mentioned in the Facade, which give Entrance by the Opening comprehended in the Foundation of the two T ow ers: And in this Opening are four Arches, oh which the W ork is raifed ; the two facing, w ith­out, in the Form of Galleries, are compofed with a Support o f Stone Steps; the Space feen in the Arches include four great Niches, with the Statues o f St. John de Deos, St. Philip N en , St. Gaetano, and Santa Ste ref a de Jefus, being thofe fixed on the right Hand at entering the Court; and thofe corrdponding on the left, are St. Peter Nolafco, St. Francis de Paula, St. Felix, de Valois, and St. Igna­cio Loyola,

As we have mentioned the Church, and treated of the Infide o f the Court,I fhall now deferibe the exterior Part o f the Frontifpiece: Where fix white M ar­ble Columns are feen, of 30 Palms high, and a correfpohdent Thicknefs, with Dor/c’Capitals, on which refts a (Cimalha real) a royal Gornifh, that runs on the Top of the Arches; and over the middle moil is a great W indow, 20 Palms high, and 10 wide, with a Gallery inclofed by a white Marble Baluftrade for its Cornice, all reftrng on an intire Stone, 14 Palms long, and 16 wide; on the Sides, between the two Arches, are two large Niches, with the Statues o f St, Do­minic and St. Francis; and over the two Arches, other two igreat Windows, o f equal Dimenfions with the aforementioned, alfo with their Stone Rails, upon

which

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

which there runs another Cornice, that fervcs for the Pediment to reft on ; hi the Middle o f which is a large Oval o f Jafpar, and thereon molt beautifully carved, in alto Relievo the Figure of the blcjfed Virgin > with the little Jtjus in her Arm s, and St* Anthony on his Knees, adoring liim, ornamented with Fef- toons o f Flowers and Seraphims, the W hole of which is executed in a moft ad­mirable Manner and Tafte : Between the Arches o f the Towers are two Niches, With the1 Statues o f Santa Clara, .and Santa Ijabcl:Queen of llungary ; and the W hole Is crowned with a large Iron Roman Crofs.

T h e Palace joins on both Sides to the middle T o w ers; and the celebrated Cor­ner ones being alL built with wrought Stone from.the Bottom to the T op , mak­ing two Faedtes*, with three, great Windows each, 20. Palms high, and 1 o broad; with white Marble Balufters, and adorned with Feitoons o f F low ers; all being o f the fame Form, except thofe in the Center which are architrave, and all run on a Level with thofe of the Palace.,

Each W ing o f the Palace, from Tower to Tower* is divided into, a Gallery, with three Parts ; two with four Windows each, o f i6P alm s high, and 8 wide; the middlemoft hath fiye Windows, four equal with the preceding; but that in the Center is comm enfu rate with thole above, having a projecting Baluflrade, with its Cornice,, and the Sides ornamented with Feitoons. It hath another Gallery beneath, with W indows fimilar to thofe above, only .with the Difference that the middlemoft hath a plain Cornice in Front, and a Stone Parapet: Under this W indow are.the three Doors which give Entrance to the Palace; that in the Middle hath two Columns o f white Marble, 25 Palms high, and between 5 and 6 broad, with. Doric Capitals, winch fuftain the Cornice o f a jutting Front, with' Mouldings and Fillets reaching up to the Windows;- o f which, there are four on the Sides o f the Doors, o f equal Magnitude with thofe above, ornamented with Iron Grates, as the Doors are.

Between the firft Body (joining to the Towers) and the fecond, are four* fmall W indows, more wide than high, making in all this Facade fifty three, and three Portals in each P art; the.whole Gallery, from Tow er to Tower, including one hundred and fixty eight Windows, and fix Doors, fpreading 1000 Palms in W idth, and 114 Palms and a quarter in Height from the Ground to the Cor­nice: T he Body in the Center is more elevated than the others, on whofe Cor­nice runs a Baluftrade, and beneath it are nine W indows, o f 6 Palms high, and 4 broad, refting on the Cornice, and on it are fix Spouts for difeharging the Rain Water.

Through the Portals o f the Palace a Veitibule is entered, wherein Hands a moil beautiful Stair-cafc, 14 Palms wide, having on each Landing-place (which are four, o f twenty three Steps each, or ninety two in all) two large W indows, o f 20 Palms high, all glazed, and two fine pendant Brafs Chandeliers; each illu-

' minating its Part o f the Stairs, from whence are feen the Doors of the Saloon, in which both the Grandeur and Perfe£tion o f A rt are equally admired ; it is formed o f four Arches, and vaulted with Stucco Pannels.

Contiguous to theVeilibule appears a grand quadrangular Cloy Her, o f 122 Palms long, and feven Arches in each Side: On the Columns of the Arches, and their Capitals, refts the Cornilh, with a Spout in each Square; and above, a white Marble Baluftrade, running round the-Whole with a beautiful Rail, di-' viding the Palace Gallery into two Parts, and the other the Sacrifty to the South, comprehending;fifty four large, Windows in the Whole.

O n this fouthem Part, and the light Hand of the Cloy iter, is the famous Chapter-houfe, which, is entered by an Arch and Padage that is tenninated by a large Window,' ornamented with an Iron Grate, ,hxed iouthward in the Palace Gallery, being in Length 40 Palms, and 22 wide, ■ in.which are two .very hand- fome Gates, with two Portals; that to the Right leading to the aforefald Chap­

ter-

1 1 2 Ù I S S E RT A T I O N S ôni "ter-houfe, which is 1 10 Palms long* and 54 wide: It is oval, and all Covered with white, red, bine, and yellow Stone-work; the Ci efing ri pannekd with beauti­ful Stucco, with a projefting Rail and Baluftrade o f Stone, and a Fronton over the D oor; and in the Middle o f the Room is a Stone Altar, w ith two Races, railed on three Steps o f the fame Materials; the Doors to the L eft correfpond with, thofe juft mentioned; and, through the left Hand Arch,' you enter a Railage o f 60 Palms long/and 22 broad, which leads to thva u lk Gallery*; the other PaD fage- equals this in Dtmenfions, and cóndufts alfo to the abovementioried G a l­lery. ' ' :

T h e faid auiic Gallery is 834 Palms long, by 22 wide,- m im ing 'between the Church and the Convent : A t the Ends it hath two Doors/ 20 Palms high, aùd half as much broad, with two circulai’ Windows over them, grated and glased, by which the Students enter to the Leftures ; which are on Grammar, Logic, Phyfics, Metaphyfics, Morality; Theology, fpeculative-and explained f a School for Reading, W riting, and Cyphering : This Gallery hath thirty* four large W in ­dows, all arched above; and two Arched and four Entries 'to the Galleries, o f 22 Palms wide each, ornamented outwardly with, iron G ratés and* Glafs ; -they are fiftitious, but in tlieir Bottom are twelve Doors, including fúme and théHoufe of the A 5ls7 which is n 5 Palms and a half long, Jand '4 i wide : Entering by the Door to the Right, there is on each Side an Elevation o f three Stone Steps, o f 6 Palms wide, with a Baluftrade of the fame Material before'the Doftoral Seats.; in thofe to the Right aré feated the Difputants, and m thofe :to the Left'the Re­gent o f the Studies and the Mailers. * * -

In the Middle o f the Head-wall is placed a Chair; and over it (fixed in-the W all) a great white Marble Stone, finely ornamented, - with afi Infcription in black Letters, and crowned with a Vale o f blue Stone, with yellow and white Flowers, and over this a W indow curioully ornamented : In the Walls, above the Doftoral Seats, are two great ‘Tribunes, reftîng on four Dogs o f white M ar­ble, wrought with great Art.

On the Wall, fronting the Chah, is a Pifture o f our Lady da Cancelçaon, o f 25 Palms high, with a Frame of black Stone, arched above, and adorned w ith a yellow one, reprefenting various Colours : The Pîfturè is divided into three diftinft Subjefts ; that in the Middle ihews the blefTcd Virgin Handing,with the Infant Jefas in her Arms, th rafting the Extremity o f the-Crofs (which fire fúp- ports with both Hands) into the Serpent's Mouth, which lies under her Feet; in the fuperior Part is reprefented the eternal Father in a Cloud, accompanied !by angelic Spirits; and in the lower'Part o f the Pifture, are two Angels o f a large Size, a (lifting the Virgin Mother : On the fame Side are fome Aulas 7 and fix Doors for Entrance to the Couvent.

On the Window-fide, the Gallery .hath two Stair-cdfes that lead up to the Church, having in the Entrance an Arch, with two Faces of Stone, all in Q uar­ters, with loofe Flowers, which feem to be fallingfrom the W alls; they are com- - pofed o f fear!et, blue, and white Stones, from the Pavement to the C o ra iih ; and the Vault o f Stucco, in Relievo.

In the other Cloy iter to the North, the Entrance and all other Particulars are the fame as thát already deferibed; except that In die Part-which fronts the E n­trance of the Palace there ftands.'the Chapé!, intitled, do Campo. Santo 7 fo r being deftined for making the Offices de Carpo 7 prefent to .the.Religious who’fhall die in the Infirmary: This Chápel is wider than lo n g ; an d in F ro n to f.th é 'D oo r it hath an Altar, with two large Columns o f black Marble, - 2.5 'Palms high, with yellow Capitals o f the Corinthiàn Order;' on tlieie refts the-Gornice o f white M ar­ble, in a Frontifpiece gamîfhed with Seraphims and various Flowers, all inlaid in Black and Yellow, which hath a beautiful Efteft : The Altar is-.of white M ar­ble, the Bench o f yellow, ând thé Vault ftuccoed. '

This

S P A I N a n it) P O R T U G A L .

This: Cloyfter hath the fame Entrance to the aullc Gallery as the other r T o the Left is the Apothecary’s Office, 80 Palms long, and 30 broad, joined to am other o f iiniilav Dimenfions, for the Depofit ,of Herbs, Drags, &c> neceffaiy for the Pharmacopoeia o f ;the Convent, with three large'Windows Iron-grated, and a Door to the Gallery, which enters into that o f the Aulas, T he Portal o f the O f­fice hath1 a large VdKbule, and a grand .Window with Iron-grates that looks to the Street, as .do five more o f equal. Form and Size, winch are in the aforefaid O ffice; at the other Part o f which is a Stair-cafe that leads to the Infirmariesj being o f Stone, 1 o Palms wide, with four Landings o f feven Steps each to the firft Infirmary, which is approached by a largeVeillbule, that hath a great W indow to the Cloyfter, and a grand Portal, o f 20 Palms high, and ro broad, orilamented with Feitoons o f Flowers, gird an Efcutcheon over it, handing in Front of an­other equal to it,- a s ‘well in Make as Dimenfions, which includes a Niche of white Marble; T h e Infirmaries are 1.57 Pa]iTis long, by 39 wide; the Room above hath twelve Beds, all paved with white Tiles,, and the Ceiling ftuecoed; It hath an Altar in the Middle o f the W all, with Columns o f red Marble, 12 Palms high, reiting on white Bafes, as are the Capitals, the W hole exquifitely wrought; and over them is. a white circular Cornice, projecting three Palms, beautifully Inlaid with Yellow : It hath a Picture in a black Frame, and beneath a Square o f blue Marble, Whereon is fculptured two Vine Branches with Clutters o f Grapes in-white M arble; before it is a Baluftrade, with its Cornice and Balufters of white Marble, and blue Pedeftals; on the Sides are two final! Doors, o f a yellow W ood, whofe Cafes are ornamented with Rofes and Feitoons o f Flowers, o f white Marble,

N ear to, and on each Side o f the Altar, are two large Portals in the W alk o f 20 P alms high, and 10 broad, executed to the higheit Pitch o f A rt; having above, carved in Stone, various medicinal Materials, which have been valued in 1,300,000 Reis each: The W all o f the Portal, on the Infide, is all covered with lapidary W ork o f Flowers, and Seraphims over it; this Room is illuminated by two great pendulous Brafs Branches, The other Infirmary Room hath fixteen Beds, as thofe above, being in every tiring conformable and fimilar, only with a little Difference in the Stone-work; the Room above hath to the Right a large D oor, leading to a Stone Staiiccafe, o f 15 Palms wide, making two Landings o f twenty Steps each, by which the Viaticum is carried to the Sick: This Stair-cafe terminates in a Paffage of Stone-work, 15 Palms wide, as the Stair-cafe o f nine Steps is, which defeends to the Gallery that leads to the Chapel o f the Conception.

Let us now pafs to the Interior of the Convent by its chief Gate, T o the South* the Palace hath in its principal. Gallery forty two large W indows, o f 16 Palms high, and 8 wide, among which “'are three of 20 Palms by 10, with white M ar­ble Balufters moft curiouily wrought; over the Cornice ate fome oval Windows* whereon reft the Bandages o f Stone* all with their M ouldings; and underneath thirty Spouts to difeharge the W ater from the R o o f: There are likewife three Rows o f Windows, o f the fame Form and Dimenfions as the laft mentioned* with Iron-grates and glazed; fo that tire whole Facade contains two hundred and ten, and five Portals; the firft by the Tower, ferving for the Palace; the next for the auiic .Gallery; and tire remaining three lehd to the Convent.

On this- fouthenr Side is placed, tire chief Portal o f the Convent, winch, by its curious Fabric, correfponds with the -pompous Oftentation of all the Building; This gives Entrance to the Convent b y three latge Gates, with Iron-grates finely wrought,which conduits to a Veftibrrle,where are two Doors on each Side, lead-, ing to the Hojierie;, with white Marble-Seats between them, 11 Palms long: And :tyvo others, which alio on. tire Infide art: betwixt the three Gates,- in Length. 8 Palms, with1 fcarlet Marble* B a c k s a n d with which the whole Am bit o f the V ef- tibule is cloathed, the P ave mentftrii ng a beautiful M ixture o f variegated Stones.

V o l . II. , ^ * 2 G ' In

-Vi

In the Middle o f this VefHbule, and correfpondent to the fir ft En tránce, there is another conducting to the Portaría', which, entered, continues for the Space o f 25 Palms, and'in this Diftance are two Lodges, where as many Porters at­tend; and at the Extreme o f this Extent is a Portal, in whofe Frontifpiece the Door ts crowned with an oftagon Efeutcheon o f the fineft Jalpar, in whole Re~ timó is divifed large and curious Feftooiis, among which are involved various Figures of Seraphims: And in the Middle o f this Fabric, there is alfo (in-railed W ork) our Lady, with her bleifed Son in her Arms, and1 St. Anthony kneeling, adoring the Child,

By this Doòr the Portaria is entered, being a Boom '86 Palms long,1 arid 44 broad : In the Ends are two large W indows on each Side,, winch look into the Gardens, and are thereby finely illuminated, to winch four circular W indows over them makes an Addition ; between til efe, on the one Side and the other, is a large Picture, with blue Stone Frames : That to the R ight o f the Entrance, is a Reprefentation of the blejfed Virgin, with the little JeJus in her Arms, and St. Anthony, witli his fpread to receive'him : Fronting this, tu t Saviour appears ir­ritated agii 11ft the World, and Ms holy Mother appeafmg his Anger ; '-with the two Patriarchs, St. Dominic and St. Francis praying to him on their Knees: On the W alls are four other riftures, With Frames o f the fame Stone as the others; in one is feen the Coronation o f our Lady ■; in afiother, the A ft o f Wajhing the Feet ; in another, Chdji crucified, and the Virgin Mary, St. John, and Mary Magdalen Handing by; and in the laid, our Lady, and all the pr and jean Martyrs; the whole Room is furai filed with Seats, backed with fcarlet Wood, inlaid with black. This Room is crafted with blue and white Marble ; and in the Walls, near to the Comers, are four Doors ; two for the Service o f the JLofìeriei, which are eigh­teen, in the greater Paid o f which may be made fix Beds each ; befides feveral Rooms which are between them, for feveral Ufes conducing to a better Accom ­modation ; and fronting thefe Doors are other two, having in each Front a Clock, the one Portuguefe, and the other Roman ; and, to enlighten the Room by Night, a great Brafs Branch hangs in the Center,

In the Midi!, fronting the Door o f Entrance, there'is another for the Convent, to both which great Art is ihewn : They have each a circular W indow in the M id­dle, ornamented with Branches of Lilies and Feftoons o f white Marble ; and a Cornice, projecting two Palms and a half, runs round the W hole, a lifileted in a beautiful Manner. This Door gives Entrance to the Convent -, and going di- reftly forward to the other Door, traverfing the Veftibule and Dormitory, enter the Garden ; fo that when the Doors of one Lodge is open, die other is feen, with the Garden between, and one Door correfpondent to the other, at '834 Palms Diftance.

On the right Hand, entering the Gate, you afeend the famous Stair-cafe, o f 15 Palms wide, all o f Stone-work, with Balufters of the fame Materials, and il­luminated with large Metal Branches by Night ; this finilhes in a Belfry o f four Faces glazed, affording a great Light to the Stairs, and forming a Tower with­out and vaulted within, all with wrought Stone o f a fine Appearance: It is nine Steps up to the firft Landing, which is liquate, and hath a large glazed W indow looking to the Garden; the lame Number of Steps leads to the fecond Landing, in all Particulars equal to the firit; and, continuing to afeeild another nine Steps, they terminate in a large Landing-place, made by both Stair-cafes ..to the Right and Left, there being a. large Door on die Floor, fronting the Foot o f each o f them which open to the Garden, ’ - .

T o the Right of tins third Landing, is an oval Left ib ule, with Seats all round, and two glazed Window?; and in Front, one vérydarge one-,-with a View o f the Garden: Afcending other three Landings, there is another Veftibule, fimilar to the aforefald, witli a Room on the other Side,-Like that o f the Portaría. The

W alls

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n*

\Valls have ho Pictures, but Ovals o f white M arble and Jafpar. G oing'up three Landings more, tire Stair-cale terminates in the Dormitory, each Stair-caie hav­ing eighty one Steps.

This Convent hath eight Dormitories, o f 760 Palms long, and 16 broad; there are alfo eight more that traverfe. thefe, 366 Palms in Length, by 16 wide:■ Each hath a large W indow with Grates to the Garden, thofe of one Dormitory being different from the others j as are alfo thole o f the Cells, o f which the Con­vent hath three hundred, each with its W indow o f 16 Palms high, and half as much broad: T he Dimenfions of each Cell are 20 Palms by rS, with a large Cupboard orPrels of Erajll Wood, as is the Door, being,-five Palms broad; and over, it is a glazediW indow, to give the more Light to the Dorm itory; all are Vaulted with a.Comiih of-white Marble.

T h e Convent hath fix teen Courts, and two fmall Gardens on the Sides of the Portal. In .the Middle o f : all the Convent is a celebrated Garden, 272 .Palms fquare, having in its Circuit thirty, two Seats o f white Marble, 12 Palms-long”; four Fountains, with Shell-work and Jet i d ' Eau, like Rain, with Scats round them , o f red Marble, 12 Palms long,- and 2 broad: In the Midfc is a circular Lake, o f 60 Palms Diameter,, encircled with Seats o f the fame Materials and Co­lou r as- the lalf mentioned, at 15 Palms Dittance:..It hath thirty orbicular Vafes, on fquare red Bafes, and eight octangular ones placed, on the Comers, on.Rafes o f yellow M arble: It hath two hundred and twenty.W indows furrounding it, and four-large Portals for its Entrance: Above the: chief Cornice are twenty four Spouts o f white Marble, for difeharging the Rain-water from the Roofs. The beautiful Variety of . the Pavement pleaiingly captivates the Eye. through the four crofs middle W alks, and the lame:Number from Angle to Angle, in the midit o f which are the four Fountains. . . .

In the Court of the lower Dormitory is the Laundry,' 60 Palms long, and 42 w id e; the D oor is arched, 10 Palms broad, with the T o p of the T urn glazed :A ll the Floor is lapidary W ork; and there are fix Stone Veflels in the Side-walls; with Brafs Cocks on the T op of each to let the W ater in; and at the Head of the Room are two large Stone Citterns, alfo with their Cocks.

T h e Dorm itoiy beneath Part o f th e-aulic Gallery, facing the Door -that goes into the Garden, gives Admittance by a large one to a Room, where is difeo- vered four more great ones which open to different Entries; that in Front leads to the laft mentioned Gallery; that to the Right, to the Lavatory; and the other to the Stan-cafe that goes up to the Dormitories, and defeends to the fubterra- nean Paffage which goes to the Church ; on tlae firib Landing of which (after afeending five Steps) there is a Door which gives Entrance to a finall Court, in which is a Fountain o f fine Water.

T h e Lavatory Room is an O itagon o f eight Arches, raifed with large Stones; on which runs the Cornlfh, whereon is formed eight Windows, Handing on the Arches, and making the Vault of the fame Figure, It hath four large white Marble Citterns, with fix Metal Pipes each, and in the Center a large hanging Sconce. This Room gives'Entrance to that dittinguiihed by the Name de Pro-

fundh , which -is i i8 Palms, long, and 42 wide : T he Door hath its Facade to­wards the faid Room, being 20 Palms high, an’d 10 broad; above, it is orna­mented with yellow and white Marble, with a Frontifpiece Cornice, to which all tire other fix Doors are fimilar; two in the Side-walls, to the. Right of the E n­trance, one feigned, arid another goes to the Dormitory, and the Fronts o f thefe have an EgreOion to the Gallery o f the siuias; over thefe are five large Windows on each Side: A ll the'Room is fumifiled with Seats of Brajil W ood, placed on Dogs o f white Marble, with Backs of red Stone, 12 Palms high, and a little wliite .Coraifh ; the Room is lined all round with a blue Marble up? to'the Seats, and it is, illuminated by three large Brafs Branches, pendent from'the Roof, equi-

diftant

S P A I -N: A N D P O; R -T U GAL.' ’ 115

rt 6 D-I S S E RT A T I O N S on

liftan t from one another.- The Door* correfponding to the Entrance, leads to. the Refectory, which is 218 Palms long, and 42 wide; and is (like the Laundry) lined with blue Marble as high as the Seats, which ate alio o f Brafil W ood, Tup- ported by Dogs o f white Marble, and backed with Red, 12 Palms high, with a little white Cofnifli: It hath nine great Windows on each Side, and two at the Head; in the Middle are two Doors correfpondent to each other, and two Pul­pits above them, that to the Right o f the.Entrance is deitined for the Introduc­tion o f the Service, and the other paifes to the aulic Gallery. It hath a R ow of Tables and Benches ip., the Middle, finùlar to tliofe ranged againft the W alls ; and the Whole is illùnÿaated by nineBrafs Branches (hung with Iron Chains), with four Lights each rTBetween. the right Hand Dpor and the Kitchen lies the Dormitory, feparated by a wooden Partition, with its Door, impeding a Com­munication therewith.. T he Kitchen is 96 Palms long, , by 42 wide, with three large glazed W indows to the Court-yard. The W alls are Covered, with white Tiles up to the C om iih ; and there Rands ip the Middle o f the. Room four white M arble Tables, o f 20 Palms long, 10 broad, and 1 thick: There is a Ciftern.of the.lame,Material in Front of the Door, 15 Palms long, and 5 wide, in the Midft of. which fpouts out W ater from a Brafs Pipe, as there does in two fmallecMarble VelTels on each Side, where the Diihes and Plates are wafhed. It hath, at eathE nd a large Chimney, fupported by Iron Bars, with Stoves of the fame Metal, made with füch A rt, that the Fire is not feen ; in the .Middle of the Fire-place is a great Copper Cauldron, containing ten Abïüdes-OÎ Water, into which if falls from a brazen Pipe placed in the Chimney: There ate two Ovens on ¡the Sides; ail Engine to, pr.efs and fqueeze out the Juice of Herbs, made with, an admirable A r t; two Marble Jars, with wooden Covers,Tor Oil and Vinegar. The Vault is fupported by four Stone Arches, in two o f which are iufpendedan equal Number o f Branches, with four Lights each : ’ The Floor is paved with Stone, and hath a Declivity towards the CenteF, where is a Sink for carrying off the W ater.

From this Room is' an Entry to another, which hath in the Midft a Stone Table, 30 Palms long, by 12 wide, with four white Marble W ater Jars on each Side, and Brafs Cocks in the W alls for filling them ; there are alfo two fimilar

. ones at the Head- of die Room, with their Cocks. The whole Pavement is pf Stone, with a' Door o f ro Palms, that opens to a Court-yard from whence die Room receives its'■ Eight'; and the culinary Proviiions are firft prepared here: There is alfo another Kitchen, joined to this, with two Chimnies at the Ends, and its Fountain of Water, with a Door which leads to that Fait where the Ser­vice is prepared for royal Funitions.

T he Convent hath, befides the principal Stair-cafe aforementioned, two large ones in the Angles of the Dormitories, which terminate in the Library, and lead to all the faid Doi’mitaries; having, from the firft to the fécond, two Landing- places of twenty Steps each, o f fourteen Palms wide; having fix of thefe Diftances from the Bottom to the Library, with a large W indow at every one o f them: There is another Stair-cafe which afeends to the Choirifty, making, from the D orm i­tory below to the fecond, four Flights o f feven Steps each. There is alfo a.ftnall Stair-cafe, of only 5 Palms wide, that rifes1 from the Ground to the Noviciate, having Entrance to the Dormitories : It hath yet another large Stair-cafe, o f 12 Palms broad, which mounts.from the Dormitory below to die higheft: abdve, with two Landing-places of fourteen. Steps, and a great glazed W indow at each, being the moft ferviceable to the Choir.

T h e famous Library occupies the eaftem Dormitory, being 3 01 Palms long, and 43 wide, making the Form of a Croîs in the Center; aim which, in* the. Part looking to the Inclofure, hath three large W indows, o f 20 Palms high, die toiddlemoft being arched with a beautiful Cornice : On.the Side of..this .Part,

i t

S P A I N a n d P O R T U G A L . f i 7it hath two .Windows eqtial to die others ; and hi Front it hath the fame three great Windows, with the Facade to the Garden; and the two o f the Sides are Doors, entering into fepaiate Roo/ns on both Sides, the which have each three W indows to the Garden, and are for the Mamtfcript Library. It hath, on the Part o f the Inclofure, eighteen great W indows, equal to thofe of the Gallery, the three biggeft being'in the Middle: TheCieling is panneled with various Draw­ings in Relief} making a beautiful Peripcdtive; and the Crown o f the V ault is à large,, round, white Piece o f Marble, with the Figure o f the Sun carved on it. In the Heads of the Rooms are two furpriring fine. Door-cafes o f white Marble, 20 Palms high, and 10 broad, with Corniihcs moil beautifully wrought; and the Pavement is .Chequer-work, variegated with Blue, W hite, and Red.

There is a Communication with the Dormitories-by two Stair-cafesj and other two.Ëntries to them, being all o n ’the Garden Side : The .two Doors at the Heads give Entrance to a grand Saloon almoil fquare, and from this by a ftately Gallery, all o f Stone-work, with Seats on one Side, and Windows over them ; on the other Sides are Doors o f a particular Room of the Palace (leading into it), which en­circles thé whole Convent above, in all four Faits.

I (hall now proceed to deferibe a Palace which crowns all this noble Struc­ture, and exhibit the Sublimity of a W ork that inc lofes fuch Magnificence and Riches. In the Frontifpìecc and Gallery o f this Palace is placed that beautiful and noble Room, called the Lodge of Benedizioni, which is all o f St one-work; and its W alls, Cieling and Pavement, curioüily inlaid with a Mixture o f all Co­lours : It is 116 Palms long, and 30 wide; hath three ^Tribunes (or Galleries) for the Church, and two Doors which open to the Rooms, that ferve for a Fri- dune over the Chapels. On the other Side are the three celebrated Windows that have formerly been mentioned. In the two Heads are an equal Number o f Doors, which give PalTage from each Part, under the Towers by the faid Gal­lery, to a Hall o f 81 Palms and a half long, and 30 wide; all running on the fame Level from Tower to Tower, making a pleafing Profpect with fuch a Dif- tance, as to leave a Perfon Unknown to another at the two Extremes. T he Gal­lery to the South hath Halls, 190 Palms long, and 30 wide; and the fame to the North : In that where the Library is placed, there is on each Side a Row o f Buildings, having proper Accomriiodations to lodge a Prince, with its particu­lar Stair-cafe, Kitchen, Servants Apartments, fife, and all feparated from the Palace.

T he Palace hathbefidcs the two Stair-cafes mentioned, two others o f 10 Palms wide, with a Bai uff rade o f white Marble, which are appropriated to the Service o f the Kitchen, and communicate with all the other Apartments. There is alfo an­other interior, which afeends from the Kitchen to the Palace; and two particu­lar ones that go down from the Palace to the Door o f the Church ; and the lame Number that defeend from the Gallery o f the Frontifpiece to the two lafl: Chapels o f the Church, made with fuch Art, that one Perfon going up, and another down at the fame time talking together, do not lee one another ; the one defeends to the Church, and the other afeends the Tow er: Another private Stone Stair-cafe* of 6 Palms wide, riles from the aulic Gallery to the uppe'rmoft Apartments. The Palace hath, bêfides .thé.Halls and. Saloons, every requifite Accommodation o f Chambers, Antichambers, &c. not only for the royal Perfon ages, but. all their Family; the Range over the Palace ferving for lodging the Ladies and Maids o f Honour, thofe o f the WaMrobe, with all.their Servants. .-

In thè Range under the principal Gallery there are likewife gr$nd Saloons;-, and out o f them Accommodations Of all iorts for the whole Family o f Servants, as the Chamberlain’s, thofe o f the W ardrobe,. thofe o f the Bedchamber, Door­keepers of it, Confeffors, phyficians, Surgeons, Butlers, and all othey Perfons; ferving their Majefties and royal Family. This celebrated Building o f the Pa-

V o l . II. ■ * 2 H lace

lace and Convent comprehends in it 870 Room s, and D oors and W indow s to* gether, 5200*

T h e Whole Covering o f the Palace is a Flat, affording a moil: delicious Prof- pod, and ferving for a W alk and Recreation. Tw o Stair-cafes, railed m the Coiners of the Libraries, lead to it i and it is entered by tWo Doors, made in the Sides of the Palace; It communicates affo with the two Towers, which give Entrance to it, by the Room wherein is fixed the'Machine for playing the Mufic at ftriking the Hours; and the w'hole Circuit is ornamented with Bands, carved Modillons, &c. and a Co mice over them-. There is an Elevation in thè two Bo­dies in the Frontifpiece o f the Gallery, to which-; the A'fcent is by three Steps: It. is ornamented on the Gallery Side with a Baluftrade of white Marble, "with two Pyramids at the Corners ; and the other Sides are ornamented with Modillons, Bands and Comice ; and the fame Difpofition is over the’ Gate-ways, • botlr of the one Part and the other.

The Terras on the Library Side is more elevated, by two Steps of 5 Palms wide, placed- on the Sides ; it is all adorned with Bands, Modillons, &c. as beforemen­tion ed : And on the Pedeflals, facing the Garden, it hath- fix' Pyramids placed on the Cornice, and the fame oil the Outlide ; and between them is raffed oh the Com ite, the royal Arms, quartered and ornamented with beautiful Feftòons cut in Stone. Over the antic Gallery runs ail open one, ' pleafant for an Evening’s W alk, with its Baluffrade o f white Marble and Cornice, having Entrance to it by two Doors, the one from the Infirm ary, and tire other from thè Ve Bibule of the; Stair-cafe that leads to the Sacridly and Church: There is another Terras and W alk for tire Divertì on o f the Convalefcetits, with its Baluffrade and Cornice affo- o f white Marble; and another correipondent to it, hath its Entrance by a Room over the Sacriffy. -

TheSacrifty is 230 Palms long, and 42 wide, with nine Windows on each Side, and the Vault is ftuccoed. Fronting the Door is a fine Chapel, crulled all over w ith a beautiful Variety of Stones, euriouily inlaid and mixed, and ornamented w ith Seraphims, Felloons of Flowers, Efcutcheons with Arms o f the Order; it; hath two Pillars o f white Marble reaching up to the Cornice, with Corinthian Ca­pitals, and there are fimilar ones on the Door Side : The Pavement is chequered with red, white, blue, yellow, and black. The Door is 20 Palms high, and iff broad, and hath its Facade towards the Gallery that leads to the Church, being correfpondent to that by which the Temple is entered; the Frames of thefe Doors1 are o f white Marble, projeiting 3 Palms,-with their Cornice and Relieve : The Gallery is all of Stone-work, and thè W alls at Bottom lined with black, and up­wards, with yellow, black, blue, white and reti, mixed; the Cornice is o f white' Marble, the Vault ftuccoed, and the Pavement chequered with white, blue and red.

The Palace is inclofed to theEaft by a fine W all, which encircles three Leagues; it is 15 Palms high, aud 4 thick at the Foundation, though leffening to two- above. Here ate many Herds of Stags, Deer, Fallow-Deer, and Hogs, with which it is plentifully provided, as the Country is not only natural for the breed­ing them, but affo producing Hares, Rabbits and Partridges, in which it is very abundant,

In this Circuit, is feparated a large Gardenffor the Service o f the Convent,which hath five Tanks o f Water, One o f them. 3 00'Palms long, and' 70 wide: It hath. Orchards of Granges, and Walks inclofed with Efpaticrs o f Grapes and feveral 0 titer Sorts o f Fruit; with a large Extent of Kitchen Ground, where every Specie o f Pulfe and Greens for a culinary Ule are raffed, by twelver Gardeners, under the Direftion of one of the Friars.

I might here add the Ornaments and Veftments for the Service of the Altai’s and Priefts : But though fome of them are certainly very rich, there are none fo ‘ extraordinarily particular, as to encourage my enlarging by a Detail Of them;

neither

11$ D I S S E R T A T I O N S : ON

neither a m i invited5- by the Grandeur' oft the Plate to in felt its Inventory j but as it is not long) I fhal! here add it.

Plate fo r the Service- of the Church*

S PAI N! ANb P O R T U G A L .

FotirP/xf (for the Communion) gilt, With their Pavilions o f Tiilue.

A large Cufhdia, or Tabernacle, for the Altar, and another ftnaH one 'for Proceilions.

Thirty five- Silver Chalices gilt, with their Patena^ or Patens.■ Thirty, twp Cups, with'.their Covers and Plates, that ferve for the Chrifmos Mafics.'

A golden Chalice, with its P'afena and huneta\ The firft weighing 5 M arks,'' £ Ounces', ^Eighths, and 30 G rain s: T h e 'Patera, 1 Mark, 5 Ounces, 5. Eighths, and 3.6 Grains; the Luneta Weighs a Ounces,. 4 Eighths, and' $ G ra in s: W hich Chalice ferVes to put into th’e Cofer, with the Sacrament on Good-Pi'iday-i covered with a white Veil, all embroidered with Gold.

T w o large Silver Cruets, for tire holy Oil.

An oval Silver Plate, with a Patena in the Middle, arid two Diviiions on the Sides, which are for Cotton,; the Whole ferving for the Sacrament of the extreme Un£tion.

A Pont i f cal o f Silver, which confiils of two-Silver Boxes for Hq/lias.

- Three Centers, with their Navetas (or Incerile; Pots), and Spoons o f Plate.

Three Silver Bells.One P or taps.z o f Silver.One Silver Crofter.gilt.T w o Diilres. chafed.Four Plates.T w o ~ Go mis.Tw elve fmall Plates for Cruets or lit­

tle Bottles.Three. Palmaforias] with their A tip r

dores,'fthree E f antes o f wrought Silver.Seven Mitres.One Faldiforio o f Braft g ilt.”

T i p

Ouvidoria de Alenqmr.

This Tow n was. formerly Capital o f the D iilrict, afterwards conferred on Tor- res-Vedrasy and it is not an hundred Years iince the Territories of both, formed one J u rifd id tio n T h e Reafon of their. Divifion was, to feparate the Bands ap­pertaining to the Crown from thofe belonging to the Queen; and Torres-Vedras was chofen for the Seat o f the Correiqaon o f fame, wliilif Alenquer remained for the Head o f the Ouvidoria o f others. This Ouvidoria takes in feverai Lands of the Queen’s Manor, (although feparated with a fufficient D iftinition), viz, the eight following Towns.

Towns.

Aide a GalUga da Mereiana1 Alenquer, Caldas, Cbamufca> Cintra, Obidos, Salir 'do PortOj and Ulme.

Alenquer. is feated nine Leagues to the North-eafi o f Lijbon, and one from the T ow n of Cafanheira, in a pretty high Land, where a little River runs that after­wards lofes itfelf in the Tagus. It is a Foundation of the Alans, according to the common O pinion; and its true Name was Alanker Kana, which, in the Lan­guage oft its fin d Founders, . ftgnifted the Temple of the Alum: T he exaft Tim e that nv AJforfa-Henriques recovered it from the Dominion of the Moors, does not appear; though it certainly was between the Years 1148 and i 152, employ­ing (according to. the Tradition o f ancient W riters) above two Months in its Reduftiori. r 1

T h e firit Perfbn'of the royal Blood, that we find invefted with the Seigniory of this Tow n, was tire Infanta Donna Sancba> Daughter to Ring Sancho I, who gave it its Charter in the Yeai" r2 r2. 'In Tim e it paffed to feverai other Infantas and Queens of Portugal; in Defence o f whofe Party? the Inhabitants have feve-

‘ J ral

D I S S E R T A T I O N Sral Times figliali zed themfelves,. efpetially in-tlieVReVolutioDS- which Jhappehed: on the Death o f King Fernando ; and tliey ihevved1 the fame Gonfhmcy^ìn .regard - to the Infanta Donna Sancha, in the Hraiteïied CircumHances that Ajfbnfo 1.1 , re­duced this Place to, when he endeavoured M take from her the.Poifeffion o f this and other Territories,. Under the Government o f .K ihgPkilip ,11 , it was erefted into a Marquifate, for Don Diogo da Sylva, T ail o f Salinas, and fo remained till the. Alteration in tlie Sovereignty rcftored it to its. ancient.Condition. : . . :

i t is reckoned to contain .60.0' Families, divided into, four,Tanihes mWhich are, the Mother Church o f St, Stephen, being a Priory in the Prefentationqf.the Abbeffes of OdìvcUas ; St. Peter, another Priory, in the. Prefentgtion q f fhe iecu- lar Canons of St. John the Evangeli'fi-, f t , Mary o f Varzea, and Nojfa Senhora da AJfumpçaon defrianna, both in tlie Queen’s Patronage. . ;... . 7 7 'v *7 *

T he othpr public Buildings confiH in. a Iloufe of Mercy, an Holpital, and three Convents,; viz, that o f Francifcan Briars, being the firii that was hifti- tnted in all the Kingdom, and o f which the Infanta T>otma Saneba, Daughter to King Banche I,, was Foundrefs .in the Year 122-2, giving lier own Palace for this Pur pole; that called, the. Oratorio of S , Catharine, inhabited by; a few Friars, o f that Order, and is the fir if Site, which thé Infanta who founded it, gave them at a little Diihince from the Tow n ; and that of; cur Lady o f : the Conception, occu­pied by Francijcan Nuns, whole Foundation was in the Reign o f R in g.^ 2^ 111 .

Alenqucr is, as I have fa il,. the Capital o f thé Ouvidoria o f the Queens Terri** to lies, but not Head of the 'Correiçaon, this being moved to Torres-Vedras. Here r elides an Òuvidor (wlio is alfo Prove dor) and -afuiz de Foray and its particular Government is com.pofed of fout Vereadores, a Notary of the Chamber, two Pro- curadores o f tile People, aqd other Mimfters. * .. .

T h e Territory o f this Place extends, five Leagues from N orth to South, and four from Eaft to W eft, with the fubfequent Parifhes.i Santa Martha de Villa- Nova da Rainha, S. Barthobmeu do Paul, the Efpirito Santo em Ota, Nojfa Senhora da Graça na Alouguia, S. Gregorio de Cabanas de Forres, Nojfa Senhora das Virtu- des, Nojj'a Senhora da Encarnaçàon de Olhavo, . Santa hjuiteria, S. SeHaJHaon, 5 . M i-, gnd, Santa Anna da Carnot a, Nojfa Senhora das Candeas, and Nojfa Senhora. dd Pu- rificaçaon -, and at a long League from the Place Hands theLMonaftery o f Matto, inhabited by Jeromiie Friars, which was founded in the Year.. 1400, and. in the Reign of King John I.

T h e Alcddana mar of this Place runs in the Houfe of Vafco-Fernandes Cefar de Meneuses ; who, after being Viceroy o f . India, was created Earl o f Sabugofa, and had the Viceroyalty o f Brafd conferred on him, . , :

Correi çaon de Leiria.

There is in this jurifdiétion1 one City with an epifcopal Chair,, and twenty one Townsp of which, Feniche, Seltr, and Pederneira, ■ are Sea-ports, though only capable of receiving finali Veffels ; and the City o f Leiria is Head o f the D iftrift.

' City. ■Leiria„Towns.

AJcobaqa, Alfeizaraon, Aljubarrota, Alpedriz, Alvominha or Alburninha, A i on-, ■ giiia, Bataìha, Santa Cathànna, Cella, Coz, Ega, Ever a, S, Martinho, Mayorga, Pederneira, Feniche - Ponibàl, Redinha, Salir do Matto, .Saure, Furquèï.

Notei The Tow n of Seltr do Porto belongs to. the Óitvidoda'ài Alsngiiers

Leiria is feated 1 between the City o f Coimbra (Handing to thé North), the T ow n o f Santarem to the South, and Fhomar to fhe B a it,, T h e Situation of its; Çaflle.is on ait Eminence, as. is the firH Settlement ; B qt now.the City fpreads itielfi, in a pleafant, ; delightful. Valley, to the South and EaH, watered by the .

' River

River L iz \ which, leaving the City and Cattle to the Left, turns northward by the Suburbs, till it joins the River Lena, which flows on the other Side o f the Caftle; and thus incorporated, runs for the Space of four Leagues, till they both lofe themfelves in the Ocean.

Slighting the fabulous Accounts which fume Authors give o f this City's Foun­dation,. I fhall only regard what comes confirmed concerning it, viz. that it had its Rife from the .Caftle, built by King Affonfo-Hetiriquei, in the Year 1 135 (prior to. any other Settlement), to cruih the Moors o f San tar cm and its Neigh­bourhood, and to facilitate the Conqueft o f Ejlremadura. T his Fortification was extremely ftrong for thofe Times, being eredted on a Hill or Rock, and girt with large good W alls, in which are ftill feen the ruinated Remains o f feveral Tow ers:However, it was conquered by the floors, under King Ifmarius, five Years after its Foundation; who, improving the opportune Jun&ure which prefented itfelf by the Disputes between K ing Affonfo-Henriques and his Coufin Affonfo VII. o f Leon, took it in 11.40; but it was recovered in the fame or the following Year, as appears from the aforefaid Prince’s Charter, granted to the inhabitants in the Year-1142, wherein he declares Ills Infehtidit to reedify i t : In 1195, it again re­turned under the Modrijh Dom inion; but was immediately regained by K ing San- cbo I, according to the pew Privileges he gave it, on the 13 th of A pril in the fame Year.

K in g Dennis in veiled the Queen Sdnta Ifabel With the Honours o f this Place, on the 4th of July, 130a, who greatly enlarged the Caftle by new W orks; it had formerly belonged to Queen Pherefa, Daughter to K ing Affonjb-Henriques, and alio to a Son of the Infante D on Affonfo, Brother to the aforefaid King Dennis: On MonarqL the Death o f Santa Ifabel, it returned to the CroWn, where it remained incorpo- i[T‘.I7, clp.'jt. rated till the Reign of K ing Fernando, who granted it to Queen Leonor; and, being given a little while after to her Brother D on Gomqalo, .King John I. revoked the G ift,, and declared that it fhould never more be feparated from the royal Patrimony.

T o this Period Leiria had only the Privilege o f a Tow n, though it was one o f the fineft in the Kingdom ; and did not obtain the T itle o f a C ity till the Reign o f John III. Here the Cortes commenced for the Swearing o f K ing D u- rate, which were afterwards continued at Santareni, as is feen in the Chronica dos Reg names. Lirs>

its epifcopal Dignity began in the Year 1545, by a Bull o f Pope Paul III ; difmembering for this Furpofe the Parilhes in the Diftribt o f the new City,which belonged to the Mitre o f Coimbra, ftill termed the old Bifhopric, and others o f the Archbifliopric of Lijbon, to which is given the Name o f the new Biihopric i T h e Churches difannexed from Coimbra, were in the Prefentation o f the royal Monaftery of Santa Cruz, of regular Canons, given them by King Affonfo-Hen- riques, cfpecially the Collegiate o f Noffa Senhora da Penba, changed into a Caths- cbron. do« d ral ; but Being finall, and out of the W ay, as ieated in the Caftle, the Biihop grant, par.i. D on Fr.Gafpar doCafal founded the new See, which ftill remains. T in s Biihopric ]lv-s- “ p-1!- runs North and South for nine Leagues, and eight from Eaft to W eft, con­taining forty Parilhes.

.The Chapter of this Place is cqmpofed of five.Dignitaries,, ten Canons, four Half-Canons,, and feventeen ffuartanarios (or Quarter-Canons): T he Dignities are, a Dean, Chanter, Treafurer, Sehoplmafter, and Archdeacon.

In the City are 900 Families, to which the Cathedral Church ferves as a Pa- ■ fifh ; and in the Suburbs', with the adjoining Mountains, 730, dependent on the rPatifh o f dkwriqyo.-Befides the futaptuous Fabric o f the See, there is yet within the W alls the parochial Church'of St. Peter, whofe Parifhioners are extramural, divided into two different Diftridts; that of Barr of a, containing 537; and .that of-Poufos, 380,

VOL. II.

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L , i u

* 2 I The

12 2

Monarch. L'.t-h;. locru 5* lu'-y. cap.27.

L rltl. 3. Iw,y c.p.27.

T h e other Edifices are* a Houle of Mercy, an Hofpital; and four Convents $ ‘ that o f St. Francis, Friars Obfetvantes, founded by King John I; that o f the An- gujVtJi Hermits j the Capuchin Arrabids Friars, a Foundation o f Bifiiop Phdro Vieira da Syha; and the Dominican Nuns,

Lciria feivcd formerly for the Refidence o f feveral Princes, efpeciatly to K ing Dennis and tire Queen Sa?ita TfabeV, and the Cories have 'been celebrated in. it on feveral Oceafions, viz. in the Reign o f KingAffonfo III. in the.Yeaf 1254, and in that of King Durate hi 1437. Its A lt ai dan a mbr (or Lieutenancy) hath been for many Years enjoyed by the Marquiffes of Villa-Real: It is the Refidence o f a Corregedor, Prove dor,' and J id z de Fora-, 'and its Anns are*, a Crow upon a Pine-tree. 1 •j ■ '■ ■

Cofrcicaon de Deo mar.

. This Correction is fo ancient* and o f fueh Extent, that th eD iilriils o f Lciria. and Ourem are Compofed out o f it. In this Territory are two different Jurifdic- tions, Plough united under one Miniffer only, viz. the Correigaonoi Thornar* and the Ouvideria o f Pie Order o f Chrifi* the fiiff in regard to the royal; Right,, and the other refpedling that of Pie Maher. T he Prerogative of Tbomars being Plead o f the Correlation, hath been denied by fome Authors } and, among them, by the ChronologiilFr, Antonio Bratidaon* giving it to Abrantes, with the Pretext that the Tide of CcmgAfo' belonged to that Place, and that oCOuvUor to Tbomarr W hich Opinion they founded on a Tradition* that Pie Ccrregedores were obliged to refide fix Months in Tbomar, and an equal Term in Abrantes; and thole o f the latter renewing their Pretentions in the laff Cories,, their Procurators 'were nonfuited, and Tbomar continued in the quiet Poffeffion of the Privilege which it before enjoyed. And it is certain that Pie Defembargo do P a p always w rote to the Qnvidcr o f the Order o f Cbrijl, with the Title o f Corregedor o f Tbomar, and not Corregedor o f Abrantes i and when the faid Minifler was ablent, or otherwife hindered from officiating, he fubftituted the J u iz de Fora o f Tbomar, which he would not have done i f Abrantes had been the fupeiior, for in this Cafe it would have been natural he tliould have preferred Pie other. Sometimes it happened that thele MinUlers difpatched by two different Orders, the one from the Defem­bargo do Pap, and Pie other from the Mefa da Confcicncia; but they did not relin­quish their Poffeffion, although they a died only by the f u l l : He was therefore i lit it led CorregtJor o f Tbomar, for what touched the. King as Sovereign; and Ou- vidor of the Order o f Cbrijl, for what refpefled the K iiig as grand Mailer > and fo the Offices of the Order are provided by the Mefa da Confciencia, and thofe o f the DiftriiSt by the Defembargo do Pap, Finally, after the Grant made by K iiig John V* of the Lordihip of Abrantes to die Marquis de Pontes (as will be remarked in the DefcripPon of that Tow n), it is not to be doubted that Tbomar ha Pi the Tide of Head of Pie Corretcaon.

This Correieaon is compofed of nineteen Towns, exclufive o f thofe appertain­ing to Particulars* viz. Abiul* Agaas-Bellas, Alvaro, Alvarez, Amendoa, Arega, Dornas, Ferreira, Figuciro dos Vinhos, Macaas de Caminho, Maqaon, Pampiibofa* Payo de 1 \-k, Pedrogaon grande, Plus, Ponte de Sor* Punbetc, Pufhz, Sovereira-Fermojd,Ki homar, f tiia dedRey, .

Beiidcs the aforementioned .Towns, there are fome belonging to Particulars,- foch as Abrantes and Sardoal to the Marquis o f ’Abrantes-, AJfinccira, Atalaya, and ‘I uncos, to Pie Earl of Atalayd,

Tbomar Hands in an agreeable Plain, three Leagues from the Banks o f the River Tagus, and at a little Defiance, from the Ruins o f the ancient Nabancia, from whicn it is fe pa rated by the River Fbabaon to the Fail. It was1 founded by Don Galdim Paes, Mailer of the Templars, in the Reign of King Affonfo-DenAqa.es* but in what Year is very uncertain: The Author o f the third.Part of Monarchies ’

. Luftana,

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

'huf.ianay influenced thereto by- fome Conjectures, is inclined to b e l ik e . that Tbomar.\vas founded before the Year 11371 and the Continuator, in the fixth Volum e o f the fame Hiffory, affirms, that King Affonfo-Henriques made a Dona­tion td D onGaldim B a e M ailer of the Order o f the Templars y o f the Lands and T o w n 'o f Tbomar % .then, defer ted, ami without any other Settlement than that of the C a ille 'of Ger.as± .in the Year 1 147 ;, as alfo that the laid M ailer .gave it its Charter in that Year 1, a, little after he makes Mention .of two other CharterS,- granted.it by the faid Don. Golding in 1162 and 1174.

Eut,-againil the Opinions of tliefe two Chronologers, there is alledged an an-, cient Infcription, which fays, that .the T ow n .of Tbomar -was begùn building on. the i f t o f March, of Ccfaf s.Era, 1 19S, which correfponds to .the Year o f our Re­demption, 1x60: This Infcriptiqn,. is feen near tlxe Steps whichfgo uprto the Convent’s Church-yard o f the Order o f Cbrift in Tbomar; and is repeated hi the Place called Porta da Rqinha-, and again (according to fome Memorials) in the Caflle of AlmeiroL ., 1

A ll that can be determined in this Affair, is, that feveral W ritings, by which the Antiquity o f Tbomar. is pretended to he proved, ought not to be preciiely un- derilood of,the prefent Settlement; for the Name o f Tbomar (as Doctor Fr.Fran- eifeo Brandaon acknowledges) was invented by the. Arabs, and applied by them to fignify thé alxcient City of Nab and a, and alfo the River Nabaon, changing the Names that they bore till that Tim e: In which Manner, though the Donation of Tbomar was made by King Affonfo-Henriques, to the M ailer Don Galdim Paes, in the Year 1147,. it does not from hence follow, that he gave him the prefent Tow n, but only the Site to build it on ; which alfo feems to be iliewn by the Context o f the aforefaid Donation, as therein it is. faid, all that Country was a Defert, and without any other Settlement in that D;ft.’,<t than the Caille o f Ce- ras, as has been before obferved. And the fame Jud0m m t may be formed o f the unfortunate Event which happened tù the Chriil am of Tbomar in 1137, related in the antique Got bip Chronicle, explaining it not to be fpoke precifely o f the Inhabitants of that Tljontar, which was founded by D on Galdim Paes, but o f thofe refiding in the Voifmage of the River Thornar, or Nabaon ; and fo much the more; as there Is not the lead; Memorial o f fuch an Affair, fmee the Foundation o f Tbomar by the Templars.

This Tow n was bdieged in the Year 1190, and in the Reign of Sancbo I, by the Miramamlin o f Morocco, with an Army o f 50,000 Foot and 40,000 Horfe (which a certain Chronologiil inadvertently increaied, by tranilating Quadra- ginta milita and quinquaginta milita, for 400 and 500,000) ; but after fevetal AD faults, in which Don Galdim demonilrated great Valour, the Miramamolim waS' feized with a great Diforder, which induced the Moors to deliil from their A t­tack on the Caille, and to content themfelves with deitroying all that was with­out its W alls,

T h e Mailers Templars continued Lords of the Place, from their Founding it, to the Extinction of their Order in the Year 1312 ; and that o f Cbrijl being in- ilituted in 1319, by Pope John X X II, at the Inilance o f K ing Dennis,, he applied all the Effects o f the Templars in the Kingdom to this new Order, and confe- quently the Mailers became Lords o f Tbomar, which they itill enjoy; however, Tbomar did not become its Capital till the Reign., of Ajfonfo IV , and in the Year 1.338, in1 which their Convent was removed from .Cafiro-Marin to that Town. .

Tbomar is.compofed o f 1 roo Fires, divided into two Parities and collegiate Churches,, viz. No [fa- Sen bora da Ajfumfqaon, or Santa Marta do Ofimal, and »ftv John Baptifl ; the liril was a Convent, and Head, o f the Templars, Until1 the E x­tinction o f their Order, and is a t prefent the Mother Church o f the T ow n ; the

. fécond: was erected into a Collegiate, in the Reign of K ing Manor/, in theYear

S P A I N a n t> P O R T U G A L .

Tom. Ü. l l v . I g .Cap.II)

D I S S E R T A T I O N S ONY ear ï 520. T h e o th e r Edifices confift in a Houfe o f Mercy, ah Hofpital, four Convents, and fome Churches.

Among the Convents, that of the Order o f Chrifi hath thé firft Place, being Head of that Community, and is feated to the weft ward o f the Town, o n a Mourn tain, which On 'tills Side ferves it for a W ail. Its principal Chapel is the W ork o f the often mentioned Don Galdivi Pats, M ailer o f the Femplars-r The Choir and- Body o f the Church owe their Being to King Manoel ; and thé reft of the Fabric, with the Offices, to King John ‘III, K ingSehajliati, and thé tvVo Philips. This Convent is fo lafge and fumptubhs, as to have lodged and entertained'lèverai of the Kings of Portugal and CaJHIe With a fuitable Decency ; andhere the Cortes, of 1^8 ï, were celebrated, vAxtp. Philip l\ . o lC ajlile, and I. oi Portugal, had himfelf declared Idwful Snccefibr o f ‘this laft Kingdom;-. Its conventual Superior has the T itle o f Dopi P rior, and General o f the. Order o f Chrijb: ■ : u . - .■

T h e other Convents ±rè, that of the Francifcàn Friars/of the Province éàlled o f the City, founded in 16^5; that o f Santa Iria , occupied by Nuns o f the fame Order, and built in the Year 1476, in the fame Place where there;was Formerly a Monaftery o f BèneâiBïnes, celebrated for1, the Martyrdom 'of the afoféfkidyïrgïri Santa Iria ; that o f the Capuchin1 Friars o f the Province o f Piety, the Tim e o f whofe Foundation is uncertain. -7;

T h e fpiritual Jurijfdiétion o f this Tow n, and other Territories1 belonging to the Order, depend on the Prelate of Phomar ; which is a Dignity almoft- epiicopah and o f which particular Mention will be made in the Chapter o f the 'etclefiafticai ones o f this Kingdom . Its Diftrict extends to eleven or twelve Par liftés. - r :

Owvtdoria de Abrarríes, '

Had its Beginning in the Reign o f King John V , by a Grant made to Rodrigó Pedro Eannes de Sa, e Meneases, o f the Lordíhip o f Airantes, he being then fix tit Earl o f Penaguiaon, and third Marquis o f Fontes 3 to the Royalty of the Tow n, that Prince added all the Liberties, Exemptions and Privileges, with,which the Kings had poífeíléd it, and at the lame time erefted it into a Marquifite.

Abrantes ftands nine Leagues to the eaftward o f Sant are nr, upon the northern- Banks of the Pagus: It is fituated on an Eminence, encompafted by Gardens and Olive-yards, which affords it a very agreeable Profpeét. This T ow n was an­ciently called Pa.bu.cci, according to the Interpretation which feveral Geographers have put on the Itinerary Imputed to Antoninus, though fome others attribute it to the Town of P’ancos; the Hiftory o f the Goths ipeaks o f the Name o f Abl'antes, o f which it Is not eafy to give the true Etymology. Tiré-' certain Year o f its. Foundation does not appear, but there are ftrong. Conjectures o f its-being very ancient; for in the Reign o f OBavius Augufius, the Inhabitants o f Abrantes con­curred in the Building of a Temple, which one Aridius, Propretor of Lufttania, founded in Honour o f that Em peror; But in cafe o f its Having all- this Anti­quity, it at the fame time is very unlucky in having1 no-Remembrance appear o f it for above a thou land Years, until the Reign o f King Affionf Henrifues-, who, jointly with large Traits which.he gained from the Moors-, between the Years. 1 14 & and 1154, recovered' alfo the Tow n o f Abrantes. ;

In 1179, it was befieged by tlie Sons o f the Miramaniolim o f Morocco-, and-did not fuffer a little from them, as appears by the Charter whicb King Ajenjo-He fi­nques. gave it in die aforefaid Year,, as,he therein fays, his Intention was4 tb‘ re- ftore and people it. , . ri ■ .

Among thofe yriio have poífeíléd this Seigniory, is firft-reckoned the Queen Santa IJabd, to .whom ViStig.Dennis granted iro n the z^&oFMay,. i2'87; giving her at tlie fame time the Altai daría mor o f the Place, and-the Patronage, o f its Churches. In the Reign o f King Manoel, it belonged to "the Infante D o n Fer­

nando

nando ? and, On -bis Demife, returned to the Crown, in tire fame manner,as the Dukedom of Guarda did: One o f his Anceftors, King Affonfo V. had erected Abrantis into an Earldom, in Favour o f Don Lopo de Aknctda, and fo it defeended to his Grandfon and Namelake ; whole Son, D on Antonto de Almeida, never had the T itle , but was Alcalde mûr o f Abrantis, and Lord of Surdonl Donna Ifabel de Meuezes, Grand-daughter to the laid Antonio, fucceeded in this Family, and Was married to Joaon Rodrigues de Sa, firft Earl o f Penaguiaon-, by which means thole Perfonages became PoffeiTors o f the Houfe o f Abr antes.

T h is T ow n is o f fo much Importance for the Security o f Ejlremadura, that' K ingFe/er II. refolved on.making it a regular Fortification; and entrufted the W orks to the Care o f the.Ead of Soure, Don J o a n n C o jla * , ..

T h e Inhabitants o f Abr antis are divided into four Pari (lies, confining o f 1053 Fires, making 3498 Souls; the Fariihes are, theCollegiates o f S. Vicente, S-.Joaon Bmttifta, and Santa M aria do Gajlelh, and the Priory of S, Pedro, Here is alfo a H oule of-Mercy, an Hofpital, and four Convents, v iz. one oi.Noffa Senhora da \Çonfolaçaon, of Dominican Friars, built firft without the T ow n in the Year 1472 by D on Lopo de Almeida, firft Earl o f Abr antes, and afterwards moved within the T o w n by K ing M anod. in 1509; that of Santo Antonio, occupied by Capuchin Friars o f the Province da Piedade, founded in the Year 1526; that o f NojJ'a Sen­hora da Graça, o f Dominican Nuns, who there firft made Profeffion o f that Order, having before been regular Canons,, fubjedt to tire Bifhops o f Guar da ; and that o f Nojfa Senhora da Efperança, o f Fraud]can N uns, the Tim e o f whofe Founda­tion is unafeertained.

T h e Diftridt o f Abrantes extends five Leagues, as well from North to South, as from Eaft to W eft, having in it fourteen Parifhes. Its Arms are four Flowers de Luce, in a Field azure, with four Crows, and in the Middle a Star.

Omndoria de Ohrem,

Is but o f very narrow Bounds, having in it only feven Towns appertaining to the moft ferene Houfe o f Bragança.

Towns.Ague da, Avellar, Cbaon de Couce, Macanas de D . Maria, Ourem, Porto de M oz,

and Pcufa-Fhres,

Ourem ftands-about three Leagues W eft o f Phomar, feated on the Summit o f a M ountain, which on every Side makes an Advance to it troublefome. The moft ancient Notices that we have o f this Place, is, its having been taken from the Moors by K in g Affonfo-Henrlques, between the Years 1148 and 1154, in the fame manner as in this Interspace o f Tim e were Lhemar, AJenquer, <I ‘orres-Novasi Lorres-Vedras, Obidos, -Penella, and Abr antes : W hen this T ow n was conquered, the K in g gave it to Queen Pare]a, his Daughter j and granted it a Charter in the Year 1 1180, declaring it to be o f his Seigniory : Ffom whence the Chronologiftv F r. Antonio Brandaon, concludes this to have been the firft Land with wliich the Infantes o f Portugal were endowed. . .

About one hundred and fifty Years after, this Tow n was eredted into an Earl­dom, bÿ Peter I, in Favour , o f Don Joaen-Affonfo Lelies de Menezes, afterwards Bfother-in-Law to K ing Fernando; tins laft;Prince alfo. Advanced JoaoriFernandes Andeiro to the Earldom o f Ourem ; and h if Brother and Suçceftor, K in g John I, gave the Title, w ith , the Lordihip o f the Tow n, to the Gonflable Dori Nuno A l­var es Pereira,vfho refigned.it fo hisGrandfon D on Affonfo,p{éii to the firft Duke o f Bragança. As this T itle was the firft that the King granted to the Confta- ble,. the aforefaid Dukes Were rather called Earls o f Ourem:, than o f “Any other Earldom. i , 1 . ■ ’

V o l . II, 7 * 2 K

S P A I N a N D P O R T U G A L.

T h e

T he Town contains 930 Families, belonging all to one collegiate Church, de-- dicated tois offa Scnbora daM ifericordia, in which are a Prior, Chanter; Head Trea- hirer, and ten Canons, in the Prefentation of the Dukes o f Bragûnca-, this Col­legiate was inftituted in the Reign o f King Affonfo V,-'by Pope Eugenius IV , at the Inftance o f F>on Affonfo, firft Earl o f Our cm, arid'Marqüïs oïValeiiça, and in- corpòrated in it fourParilhes which were till then in the Tow n, viz. Santa Ma­ria, S. Pedro, S.Joaon, and Santiago ; the QiàTionAffonfo, Founder of this Church, lies buried in a fumptuoiis Tomb, erefted for him in a Chapel under the Choir. The other Edifices are, a Houfe of Mercy,-an Hoipital, and a Convent o f Capu­chins, o f the Province da Soli da de, built'an the Year 1602,; at a little Diftance from the Town. Its Terfitory. extends feven Leagues- round ; in which _are 119 Villages, divided into-four Parilhes, with 17.23 Families. . . ..

Ourem formerly belonged to the Archbiihopric o f Lijbon-, hut it was1 feparated, to enlarge the Bifhopric o f Leiria, in the Reign o f K in g John III and this, among other Towns, acquired the Name o f the. nemo Bijhopric. I t ferve s as a Re- fidence to an Ouvidor and J u iz de Fora, which the moft ferene Houfe o f Fru­gane a appoints.

* Correiçaou de Sant arem,

Comprehends fifteen Towns, which \\zsz.Santarem for its chief ; 'w ith the-Li­mitation as will be hereafter exprefled.

Towns.AJcanede, Alcoentre, Almeirim, Avoir as de Cima, Avoir as de Ciaxo, Azambuja,

Azambujeìra, Erra, Golegana, Lamerofa or Villa das Eng A as, Montargli, Mugem, Sahaterra de Magne, Santarem, Lorres-Nbvas.

T he greateft Part of thefe Towns are not fubjedt to the Corregedor o f Santa­rem, as they belong to Particulars ; viz. Lorres-Novas, with the Title o f a M ar- qui fate, runs always in the Heir to the Houfe o f Aveiro ; Mugem appertaining to the Dukes of Cad aval ; Aveiras de Cima to the Earls o f Aveiras ; Azambujeira belonging now to the Earls of Saure, as Alcoentre does to the Earls of Vtmteiro ; Erra is the Earl of Aialayds ; Lamerofa, or Villa das Enguias, calls Manoel Lelies de Menezes, Lord; Azambuja and Mont argil, which were o f the Houfe o f the Ro­ll ms de Mo ara, at the Requeft o f the laft Pofieilor, Don foam Rolim, who died without Succeffion, they paifed by Grant from the K ing to the fécond Son o f the Earl of Val de Reys; and Alcanede is in Pofieffion o f the Order of A v iz .

Santarem is fituated about fourteen Leagues to tire N orth-eail of Lijbon, in a beautiful Plain, which ferves as a Crown to feveral Mountains, divided from one another by pleafant fruitful Vales. It has the Figure o f a Half-M oon, whofe Horns look to the Eaft, and both hanging over the River Lagus ; in that to the North, hands the Citadel; and in that to the South,, the S uburb. o f Per Aro ; and: between them are two large Valleys, that extend .to the Strand, one o f which is called the Ribeira, and the other Alfange Afcending from thefe to the Height of the Town, feveral others are difeovered; among which the principal is that o f AJcavfva, within the Citadel,, to the Eaft; .thofe o f Atàmarma, Mouraria, and . Requeixo, to the N orth; thofe of S, Nicolao and ò f Milagre, to the W e ft; and that o f Marvilla, in the Center o f the Place, which Name extends.to all the Tow n above the Alfange and Ribeira: B elides thefe-Wards, there, are two extra Mur os, one called from its Situation Fora da Villa, and, the other.Calçada do Monte, both feated weft ward.

This Town is encompaifed by an ancient W a ll,, with.feveral large Towers, ibme Iquare, and others round, in which it appears thé W ards of, the Ribeira and Alfange were comprehended. Its Gates were formerly fix, but at prefent only four are preferved, v iz. that of Atamarma t o . the North ; the Poftem o f

’ Carr eira,

m 6 D I S S ER T A T I O N S - o

S PA I N and P O R T l) GAL.Carreira, and the-Gate bfManfos, to the W eft; and that o f Vallada to the South ; the other two, for fome Tim e paft condemned, were the Gate of L eiria, and the Poftern o f Santo EJhrvaon, weitward : Befides which, fome add another Gate or Pofterm

T h e Citadel, commonly called ¿Hear,ova, is encircled by the fame old W all, ex­cep t a fmall Part which looks towards the Tow n'; It has at prefent a modem Building, ereCted by K ing Affonfo V I, which is a Specie o f Ilorn-w ork, without

-the true Regularity of A r t ; confuting only b f two femi Bulwarks reaching to the Cordon, and the Flank o f one o f them begun without a Curtain or any Out- Wbrk. This Citadel hath two Gates ; that of the Sol fo the Eaft, upon the 'Ta­gus ; and that o f Alca^oba to the W eft, which maintains the Correipondence .with the Tow n.

T h e Foundation o f Santarem is ftrppofed to be very ancient; as it was a Place lo coiifiderable in the Tim e o f the Romans, that, befides their eftabiifhing a Co­lony in it, under the T itle o f Brafidnim Julium , they raifed it to the Preemi­nence o f a Convento Juridies, or Chancery; being one o f the three in Lujiiania, w ith a much greater Jurifdibtion than the others o f Merida and Beja, extending to the River Douro, and comprehending all Beira, the Lands o f Ribacoa, Part o f Tras os Montes, and of the Kingdom o f Leon. This Prerogative (though with fom e1 Alteration) it obtaihed, after coming under the Dominion of the Kings o f Portugal, who eftablifhed in it a high Court o f J uftice, and another for civil A f­fairs; which remained till the Reign o f K ing John I, when it was removed to Lijboni and, in the Tim e o f Philip II, o f Spain, it was transferred to Porto. It was very anciently called Scalabis; but the Etymology o f the Name being very wncertain, I fhall rather excufe an Attempt to clear it up, than relate fictitious Traditions which have been offered by the Injudicious to this Purpofe.

Santarem was loft by the general Invafion o f the Moors, and regained by King Affonfo V I. o f Leon, on the 21ft o f April, 1093, as is related in the Gothic H if- tory; and he gave it its Charter, on the 13th o f November, 1095, after which it again foon paffed under the Dominion o f its late Matters. In the faid Charter, the K in g calls it Santa Herena-, from which, in Procefs o f Tim e, it corruptly got its prefent Appellation, introduced infenfibly, and originated from the Sepulchre o f Santa Irene or Iria, martyred in the City o f Nabancia in the Year 653, in the Reign o f Reccefvindo K ing o f Spain, and was buried near to Scalabis, between the W aters o f the Tagus: It is Hkewife to be noted, that, in this Charter, Santarem had the Title o f a City, being filled Civitas SanBce Herence.

In the Year 1 147; K in g Affonfo-Tknriques took tins T ow n by Surprize, on the •15th o f March, either at N ight or Day-break, which was looked on as one of the bold eft ACtions o f thole Times : And in his Reign it was twice befieged by the Moors $ the fir ft Attempt was made by the K ing o f Seville, in the Year 117 1, on which Occaiion King Affonfo made a Sally from the Place, and fo vigoroufly at­tacked the Infidels, that he gained a complete Vi ¿ lory; the fecond Effort was in the Year 1184, by the APramamolim o f Morocco, when the Infante Don Sancho commanded within, who being fuccoured by the late victorious Prince, they

' cut their Enemies to Pieces, and the Minamamolim foon afterwards died o f his ■ W ounds. "

From this fortunate Reign," the Inhabitants enjoyed great Privileges; though, in Procefs o f Time* the royal Officers occafionbd them fome Vexations, and o f

.which they complained in the Cortes o f Leiria, held by K ing Affonfo III. in the Year 1254: W hich Prince not; only commanded the ftriCt Obfervance of- their ancient Privileges,-. but added new ones to-them.

I t -has been honoured with the regal Residence o f feveral o f the Portuguefe ;K in g s fr o m whence fprings thePreferv'atibn, even to tliis .D a y ,o f feveral titled Houfes1 and prime Nobility yet in' the T o w n : And1 although it does not now

enjoy

D I S S E R T A T I O N S QN.enjoy the Pteetnincnce o f a City, with which it was formerly honoured, its Pro-curators it ill retain, at the Meeting o f the Cories, the fifth Seat on the firft Bench for Cities, being oilly preceded by tliofe of Lijbcti, Ever#, Porto, and Coimbra - and here the faid Caries have been celebrated on feveral Occaiions, as in the Reigns of John I, Curate, his Son, and John II.

This Town contains 2169 Fires, with 7552 Communicants, as appears from the Roils in j 723 ; which are divided into thirteen Parfthes, v iz . the;royal Col­legiate of Santa Maria da Alca^ova (o f which I fhail preiently treat mote largely) j that o f Nojfa Senbora de M artilla, S. Salvador, S> Nicolao, Santo Ejievdon, S* Jo* liaon, b '.hour etico, S. Martinho, S. Joaon in the W ard o f Aifange, Santa b ia -m Ribeira Ward, Santa Cruz, Santiago, and S.Mattheus.

T h e royal Collegiate o f Santa Maria de Alca$cva was founded by,the Knights Templars; to whom King Ajfonfo-Henriques gave all the ecclefiaftical Rights o f Saniarem, in Satisfaction o f a Vow that he liad made in cafe he conquered i t ; which appears by a W riling o f the faid Grant, bearing Date in A pril, 114 7. T h e Tear of its Building was 1154, according,to an Infcription on the D oor o f the. faid Church: But as there it fays, that it was erected by Order o f Hugo, M ailer; o f that Order, and, on the contrary, feveral Memorials mention that the M ailer Don Gal dim was then, living; it mull be underftood that Mafter Hiigo, o f whom the W riting Jpeaks, was Mailer-general o f the Order, who commonly reiided at Jerufakm, and that Mailer GaUrn was only fo o f the Portuguefe Knights,

In the Year x 159, the Templars yielded this Church to DonGilberto Bjlhop of Lijbcn (who founded a College in it) in Exchange for the Caftle o f Ceras, which the K ing gave them; and the fame was tranfafted with the Church-of Nojfa Sen- bora de M artilla, which alfo belonged to the aforefaid Order, This Collegiate con fills o f a P rior; three Dignitaries, which are a Chanter, Schoolmafter, and Head Treafurer; feventeen Canons and four femi Canons: F or many Years pail it has belonged to the military Order o f A v jz , which hath there a good Commen- dam, that runs in the Houfe o f the Earls o f Unhaon.

T he other public Edifices here, are, a Houfe o f Mercy, a royal Hofpital, and two others; eleven Convents o f Friars, and two Cloyfters o f N uns; v iz . that of da Smitijfima Trindade, which is the firft of the faid Order in the Kingdom, and was founded by K ing AfonJb II, in the Year 1318 ; the Monastery das Donas, o f Dominican Nuns, commenced by Donna Elvira Duranda in the Year 1240, in a Situation near to the Francifcan Convent, from whence they removed- to their prefent one in 1280; that o f Dominican Friars, which was at firit feated in the W ard o f Ribeira, till they removed to where their Convent now ft and s> in 1225, K ing Sancho IL then reigning; that o f the Francifcan Obfervantes Friars, being a Foundation of the faid Prince Sancho H. in the Year 1242; the Convent o f Nojfa Serihora da Graqa, occupied by religious Hermits o f Saint AugujUn, founded in the Year" 137Ó, by Don Joaon Affonfo Tollo de Menezes, Earl o f Ourem-, that o f Santa Clara, o f Francifcan Nuns, founded by K ing Affonfo III; in the Year 1259, and inhabited in 1272; that o f the Monks o f S. Bento, founded in 1571, in a Si­tuation which the Infanta Donna Maria, Daughter to K ing Manvel, gave to the Order; that of S. Joaon Bautijla, o f Cafuchin A^rabides, being a Foundation o f Don Joaon de hancajlro, Grandfon to the Duke-mafter Don Jorge, Anno 1589; that ot do Carmo, Friars Carmelitas D ejca jos, who came to. fettle in this. Place on the 24th of July, 1646, on a Spot near-to the Gate de.Manfos, and remained .there till the 8 th of December, 1647, when they, removed to where they now are; it was' built by the Ccuntefs o f Faro, and her Daughter the Duchefs o f Caminba ■ . T h e - College of Jefmts, who, coming to this Tow n on the 7th o f May, 1621, lodged' 1 in a Hoiife and Hermitage o f Santo Antaon, near S. Lázaro, -und removed to,the Hermitage of Y Sebajhaon, which is of the Diftritit ; and from thence, on the óth o f May, IÓ51, to '.their prefent Situation, which was a royal Palace, and a Dona-

S P A I N A N d P O R T U G A L .tion. o f King John IV ’s, by a W riting, dated,the i4tli o f July, 1647, to the faid Fathers, on Condition that they ihould build a Room for the Kings when they came to that T ow n ; but this Obligation no longer fubfifts, as it was redeemed Or epffanchifed by a pecuniary Equivalent, in the Reign o f Queen L u iza i and in the Year 1662.

T h e Convent oi-NoJfa Senhora da Piedade> o f Auguftin Defeated, begun in. the Year 1675, when their Church was confined to the Hermitage of S. Seb'afimn } w hich they preferved till their Remove to their new one, on the 4th o f February, 1690'; T his Church was founded by King Ajfonfo VI, on the. 29th o f January, 1664; and K in g Pedro, whilit he was Regent, gave it to the faid.Fathers, by a Decree, bearing Date the 1 qth o f March, 1668. The College of .Santa Catharine occupied by Friars o f the Order of Fercera deft. Francifco, feated without the T o w n ;. and founded for a Convent o f that Order, and a 'Chapter-houie, in .the. Year 1470, by K ing A fonfoV , from whence they removed into the T ow n in the Year 1617; arid hr 1633, the faid Convent was converted into a College, giving it the Name it at prefent bears. T he Convent o f Nofa Senhora de Jefus, o f the laft mentioned Order of Friars, founded in the epifcopal Palace, which, was.given them by Don Miguel de Cafiro Archbiihop o f hifbon ;' Which the faid Monks re-

. moved to, from their Convent, afterwards made a College, as hath .been juft now related.

There is likewife in this T ow n a Houfe o f . Retirement, named Noffa Senhora dos Innocentes, inhabited by Female Reclufes, called Capuchins, who follow the firft Rule of S.Francifco^ and pretend to profefs it; this Retreat Was founded by the Brotherhood of Ferceiros de S. Francifco, on Innocents Day, in the Year r 678, Upon the. Rums of .an Hofpital, built there, with the fame Title, by the Queen Santa IfabeU and was given them .for the laid Purpofe by Queen Maria Franc fed Ifabel de Saboya, the firft W ife o f K ing Pedro II.

This T ow n o f Santarem is the Head o f a Corrdqaon ; and the Refidence o f a Corregedor, Pr&ue dor t J u iz de Fora, J u iz dos Orfanos, and a J u iz do Fombo reaU who is always a Defembargador. Its Arms are a Tower,with, three Bulwarks upon

' a River,-and the royal Arms of Portugal upon the Gates o f the Tower.

A F iji o f the Churches in the Archdeaconry o f Santarem, with the Number o f Fires and Communicants, taken m the Year 1724.

Parifh.es witliin thè To.wn o f Santarem,

T h e Collegiate of Santa Maria da Alca$ova; * ■ - >' - - - -S,.Martinho7 7 - - - - - - - - - - -Nofs Senhora de M arvilla, - - - - - - - - - - - -S. Nicolao,O Salvador,O SantO'Mtlagre'i Santo Efevoca,S. Juhaon, -- - * * ' - - - - - - - - - -

■ ■ ■S. fourenco, - - - - - - - - * -S.Joaon de Aìfauge, - - - * - 7 - -■ ~ " r-, - -■ ->Sanfa~CtuZi .7 '/ * J V - - - — ’ ' - - -S. Mattkeus, , A - - r - - - - - - - , - ••Santa Irla fna Ribeifa, - ' - ‘ f ' - 7 .-Santiago da Jurifdic^aon de Fhomar., ■ - *■ - ' 7 - . -

Fires. Perfons of Cora;

29 129

3 9 209-300 92 1

4 ° 3 1 4 3 44 3 4 r'5 23 -: 3 7 482

84 293

■ 2 '5 72

' I '3 ° : 4C5

'-*'ss ■. 6 ? 3H . -3 °

3 7 9 124240 9

2169 7 6 5 z;

Voi.. II. - * 2-' L Churches

1 3 ° D I S S E RT A T I O N S;Churches without the Town.

Santa Maria Magdalena das Alcubertas, - Santo Antonio das Pragoas, - - - -SCjoaon da Zibretta,S. Pedro diiA m fana,Efptrito Santo da Ireira, - - - -Ah S. da Purificagaon de Aicoentre, - -Ah A. da Efperanga do Valle, ' - - -A. Paulo da Villa de.Sahaterra, - - -Ah S. da Concéigaon da Villa de Muge, ; - -Santa Martha de Mongàon, - - - - - -'S. Jöaon Bautißa de. Almeirhn, - 1 - - - -Santo EufiacHo de Alpiaga, - - — ~Efpirito Santo de Val de Caballos, - - -Ah S. da ExpcBagaon da Vallada, - - -> -Ah S. da Purficacaoti de Pontevel, - - - -Ah S. do Rafano de A d ira i de Baixò, - - -Ah S- da Purificandoti de Aveiras de Cima, - - S. ‘Joaon Bautifia do Cartaxo, - - - . -Santa Adaria de Almofier, - - - - - -Ah &. do Rofario'da Azambujeira, - ' - - -Ah S. da Concéigaon de Rio-Mayor, - - - -Ah. 1?. da Ribeira da Cortigada,S. Gregorio da Arruda dos Ptfoens, - - - -Ah S. da Concéigaon das AbitoiAras, - - - -S. Praz da Romeìra, - - - - - - - -Ah. S. da Purificaron da Villa de Alcanede, - -Santiago de Tremcz, - - - - - - - -Santa Margarida da Abran a, - - - - -San Lourenco do Arneiro das MUharigaJj - -Ah S. da Concéicaon da Vargea, ~ - - - -Ah S. da Graga de Azoya de Cima, - - -Ah S. da Conceigaon de Arroya de Eaixo, - - -Ah A. da L uz da Povoa dos Gallegos, - Arf///<z Mama do Lugar de Achete, - - - -Santa Martha de Alcanhoens, - - - -Ah Domingos de Val de Figtieira, - - - - -A. Vicente do Paul, - - - - - - - -Santa C?7/£ do Pombal, - - - - - - -Ah A. Ùmceicaon da Afmhaga, - - - - -Ah A. ¿¿a Purfieagaon de Fernes, - - - - -Santa Maria de Cazevol, - - - - - - -E jfirito Santo de Vaqueiros, - -A. A. ¿A Conceigaon da Louriceira, - - - -Ejptrìio Santo do Malbou, - - - - _ _S. Bartholomen de Val da Pinta, - - 1 - _ -

Parifhes of the Vicarage da Vara, pf the Tow n o f Gokgana belonging to. the aförefaid Archdeaconry.

Santa Maria do Pinheiro grande, - - : - - - -IL. S. da Conceicaoii da Gokgana, - - - - - -A. B raz da Villa da Cbanrufca, - - ' - - - - -

0 N '

■ Fires. Piribtis oí Com*

- ZOq 5 7 1" 1 2 4 344

3 I I 9 1 6I9 3

. 543¿ 6 - r 5°

*57 4 8 4- 1 5 0 369- 3 7 6 7 070

■ 345 443;- 7 0 ; 2 1 7

280. 8002 8 1 7 2 1

. 2 0 7 548- . 2 9 6 7 8 0

- 19 2 ‘ 546 '' t í o 273

- TI4 3 2 2

- 4 7 0 1 2 0 63 6 6 982

- ■ % *54- 4 8 1 1 4 2 1

73 ' 2 3 1

49 *53- 2 9 1 875- 65 2 0 7- 595 1Ó 3 1

1 7 * 54520 1 5°916.9 , 3 8 8

I 47 497- 97 270'- 50 1 6 7

6 6 *952 4 4 7 3 0

■ - 1 1 9 ■3 Ó5- 203 557

367 r °7 41 6 4 548

-■ 290 80 0

2 3 4 . '6 8 418 2 5 4 0

- 8 9 2 5 6

38 2 8 4r _. . . * 57 . 4 9 °

y ,

39 ■fi o 4

12 8 " 3 7 259° 1 3 2 04 8 9 1 5 2 8

10 178 ! 2 8 7 8 S

S P A I N A N D P QR TU G A L.

Santa M aría da Villa de XJlme, - - - - - - - - - -N . S. da Conceipaon do Chuto, - - - - - - - - - -

Paridles of the Vicarage da Vara, o f the Tow n o f Erra, he- longing to the fame Archdeacon iy.

S.Mattheus da Villa, da Erra, - - - - - - . -Santo Jldefonfo de Montar gil, - - - - - - - - - - -S. Jofepb da Villa de. Lame roja, . - - _ _ _Santa Jujla, ■ - - - ; - - - - - - -Santo,Antonio da Rapcfa, . ~ - - - - - - -

Parifllés o f the Vicarage o f Torres-Novas, which alfo belong to this Archdeaconry.

Salvador o f the T ow n of Torres-Novas, - . - - - . - - -Santa M aría o f the fame Tow n, - - - - - - - - -S. Pedro o f ditto;, - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Santiago, o f ditto, ■ - - - - - - - - - - -N .S t da Grapa das Lapas, - - - - - - - . -N .S . da Conceipaon do Níquel don, - - - - - - - - -N . S. da Concetpaon da Mb eira Branca, - - - - - -S* Sebajliaon da ‘R ibrer, a, - - - - - - - - - - --S. Pedro de Alcanena, - - - - - - - - - - - -Efpìrito Santo de Monfanto, - - - - - - - - - - -Ñ f . da Grapa de Bugdlbos, - - - - - - - - - - -N . S. das Neves de Bracar as, - - - - - - - - - - --

j$. Simaon da Brogoeira, - - - - - - - - - - - -N . S. da P urificacaon de Alcourouchel, - - - - - - - -N . S. do 0 da Qlalba,N . S. do Pranto do Baffo, - - - - - - - ' - - ■ - -N . S. da Purlficapaon de Ajfentis, - - - - - - - - -Santa Eufemìa da Chancellaría, - - - - - - - - - -N . S,.da Ajjumppaon o f the Tow n o f Atalaya, - - - - - -¿V. S. da Purification da AJfeiceira, - - - - - - - - -N . S, da Concai paon o f the T ow n of Tañeos, - - - - - -

Recapitulation.

In, the Tow n o f Santarem, - - -W ithout'the Tow n, -

Par UK,

T37 6

T h e Archdeaconry o f Santarem hath in all, 8 9

10x78 2878S

209 5 9 °92 2 7 7

10479 29655

119 5 ° 7277 872,

5 7 * 5 77 8 ■ 2333 ° 121

11120 3 * 5 4 5

I O Ó è 7 3283 891

. ÍT2 ó 3 3446 "1196

r 5 5 4 r 420Ó ■ 6991 3 5 364

7 1 156283 6 3 51 9 3 4 9 3199 470109 2 7 31Ó1 2 9 3

69 192

3 ° 3 824

1 3 9 3 8 3249 7 * 5171 4 3 94 5 2 12071 18. 420271 823

Í 5 3 5 1 43838

Fites.. Corainu.

2169 7 5 5 2*5 3 5 * 43838

17520 5 r3 9 P

f . -Towns fubjebt to the Juiifdidtion of . the Provedor o f Santarem: Alcanade, A l- cosntre, Almeiritn, Aveiras de Lima, Aveiras de Biaxo,, Atcambujeira, Coruche ■'Gok- gana, M.uja, Salvaterra, Santarem, Torres-Novas. I '

Q n th e other; Side o f the River Tdgus: Erra,Latnorofa, Mont argil.

} - f . . Comorca o f Setwval. ■ .. / ^ * ",

\ 1 The Title o f Comarca is here ufed, colitrary to the Cnftom o f my Author, to . comprehend three different Jurifdidt ions whole hands being fo near, and hav­in g lo little Extent, .the treating of them feparately would be fuperfluous,- ' "■ ‘ : 7 - ' t h e

T h e faid jurifdiftions ate, theCorreipon o f Aimada y the Ouvidoria- o f Setuval (belonging to the Order o f Santiago) ; and the Ouvidoria o f Azcit'am, appertain­ing to the Houfe of An.Are. ■

T he Town o f Setuval, Head, o f the Cmarca, hath no Cor rage dor, but is go­verned by an Ouvidor (as is the.Eftate o f a Particular), though he hath the Title which the Dejembargo da P a p gives, him when he writes to him ; and, omthe con­trary, Aimada hath a Corregedorunder which Title the Paid Lejhnbargo remits, him the King's Orders However, thefe two Placed have only one Officer, for the Ouvidor o f Setuval is alfo Corregedor o f Aimada. This Qomarca„ comprehends: twenty Towns, as follows, divided by thi'ee jurifdiftihns,1 as is noted;:

Correicaonoi Aimada: Aimada, Lavradio (which was formerly in private Hands)* zmlMouta, belonging to the Earls oiAJvbr. , , ; '

Ouvidori a o f Setuval: Aleacere do Sal, Alcochete, Aide a - Gallega, Albop-VedroS, Bar retro, Gabrella, Canha, Coina, Grandola, Paimelia, and Setuval.

Ouvidoria o f Azeitaon: Azeitaon, Camera-Correa, Santiago 4?, Cacem, Sezimbra, and Lor roan.

Setuval Hes upwards o f four Leagues to the eaftward' o f Cape EJpiche/, mid al- moft fix to the South-eail o f Lijbon, in the Latitude o f .38 : 28, and 9 :: 18 Lon-' g itude; being feated on the Borders o f the River Sandaon, in a Bay, where, at a' few Leagues Diilance, the faid Rivet lofes itfelf, forming a tapicioUs Port for all' Sorts o f Veffels, its Bar having' five Fathom W ater at Spring, and four at Neap Tides, The Refemblance between the Names o f Setuval and Lubal, hath induced a Spanijb Author, and followed by the Chronologift Fr.Bernardo de Brito, thatTh- bal was the firit Founder o f this Place, and from him received its N am e: But Andre deReJende, Gafpar Barreiros, and other Antiquaries and Geographers,with­out denying tile Coming o f Luba l to Spain, affirm, that the Name o f Setuval is derived from Cetobriga, a famous City in the Tim e o f the Romans, who after­wards called it Setobra and Setobala. This City, which Ptolemy alfo mentions by die Name o f Cetobrix, flood over-againft the new Setuval, to the fouthwurd, in the fame Bay whereLroy is commonly placed, and called alfo Cete and Briga-, the ffift fignifying, both in Greek and Latin, all Sorts of great Fiihes, for which there were many Armapens or Equipments in thofe Times to take them ■> the other was fynonymous with City in the ancient Spanijb Language; as is fhewri in Commbriga, Hierobriga, Lacobriga, Merobriga, and feveral Others. '

Cetobriga continued with great Reputation till the Dominion o f the Goths, hut was intirely ruined on the Moors Entrance into Spain; and fo remained for many Years, till fome Fifhermen o f that Coaft united in forming for themfelves1 a mi- ferable Habitation, a little to the northward, on the fame Spot that Setuval, now itands, to which they gave that Name* in Memory of the other which had flood in Front. Andre deReJende reckoned the new Setuval to be 430 Years old in-lais T im e; and it is generally afferted that King AJfonfo-Henriques ordered it to be peopled by an Emigration from Palmclla., , ~'

T he Seigniory o f this Place belongs to the Order of Santiago; but au Ouvidor refides here, as in all other Grantees Eilates, although the Kings are now Maf- ters of that Order; The fuperior Juftice appertains to the Hopfe o f the Dukes o f Aveiro. ■ ' '■ ■ • .

T he principal Trade o f Setuval\confiils in- S a lt; tlie Duties, on which are fo. confiderable, that, witli thefe, Portugal paid to the JOutcb fhofe feveral Millions it had agreed to difeharge; by the Treaties o f the Years 1661 and 1669, except the Sum of 830,000 Cruzados, Remainder o f the Debt; which, in T 763 yyvaspaid. in ready Money, in virtue o f a fepafate Article -in' -the’-' defence'League,-'' con­cluded in Lijbon, on; the 16th o f May that Year. : • ■ ■ ; v-l; ; i?r:': :7 i "

S P A I N AND . P O R T U G A L .The-Town; is defended by the following Fortifications : Firft, it is inclofed

by an ancient W all, railed perpendicular with Pquare Towers, according as the A it.o r Neceffity. in.thofe Times dictated, with fever al Gates and Pofterns, viz.-, the Porta-Nova, near to the Rivulet o f Algodeya-, the Poftem o f Santa Catbanna ; ditto, -do-Sapal, called the Biacco d’ Aqua ; the Gate o f Evor a ; the Poftem of S. Antonio - the Gate of the Padres da Caparbia;, ditto, of S. Sebajltaon ; ditto, do Sol theToftern ,.dp C a rv q o n ditto, da Alfandega; ditto, da Pedra; . di fro,. de S. Chrif- .. iqviipn^ ditto, da.Rebetra (over which is the Tribunal, da 'Paiola Real) 5 and the Poftem , dm Lo§$$. ■■ • ■„; ,In Procefs o f Tim e, and’great Increafe o f Buildings, two extramural Suburbs

were added ; the one to . the B ait o f ,the T ow n , called Palhaes,;. - and the other to.. the W eft, .named Tro,ufU>: A n which Condition it remained till the Acceftion o f .‘R in g^ iJ^ IV j whop defirous o f putting the Place into a better Pofture o f De­fence,; ordered it1 to,1 be refortified, in eluding the two abovementioned Suburbs' in itsTnclofure... _ , V .

T he new Eortifications 'tonfftl o f eleven intire Bulwarks, and two demi ones* diftinguiihed as Follows : T h a t o f Cats, . dedicated tò N . S< da Conceigaon, within which are the Quarters for the Regiment in Garrifon, the Ammunition, Maga­zine^., an d ftji ,H ab itati on for the Vendor; the Angles of the Back are filled with, Earth for the Flanked, with a paved Battery,.mounted with Brals and Iron Guns, oftyariofts Gafivers,-front whence Caesis ferved by. two .Stone .Stair-cafes which communicate-with it,- the one for People and Goods, .the other for all Sorts o f Animal-? ISText follows the half BafUon, das Fontainbas -} ditto, o f S. Domingos; the. : Baftipn o f St.John, -with a Square, above, and another below; that o f S .A ii- tornòi o f 'NyS\ do- Soccorro, o f Jefus, o f N . S. da Annidiciada, o f Saude, of.S. Apwro, of S, Francifco, and o f N , S.do Carmo : Befides which, iome other Work$i;. not moonfiderablej-vvere a few Years ago defignqd to .be added;, but. whether the. Scheme; Was Carried into'Execution, I am ignorant,. . ■ ■ - , ; 1 ..

T his T ow n is commanded by a ftrong Calile, called Sf, Philip, built by Qr4 er. o f P hi tip *- II1,. ,£r o m. a ’Defign o f the. Architect Filippe Terzo ; it is we)l mounted w ith Bfafs,'Cannon, and-hath an excellent Ciftern: And along the Sea Side runs; a.Ballery Which:comiriunicates with the Calile; ■ and,.: near the Bar,■ u;F orp ficaf. tion Was begun in the Place called A lia r quel, but remained inrperfedl.

G oing from the Church of Nojfa Senbora da A/uda, towards the Bat, and at a Quarter o f a League DiftaUce, Rands the Torre de Outaon, feated at the Foot, o f the Mountain, called Serra da Arrablda, upon the Sea; and a little within the Bar is a good Platform, a Ciftern, Houfes for the Governor and his Lieutenant, w ith a Powder Magazine : This Tower ferves likewife for a Pharos, having a large L anthem at top, lighted up nightly to guide the Veflels which come to Peek the Bar; at about a M uiket-fhot from the faid Fortrefs, on the Mountain Side, is another, on the Strand named das Vieiras, newly “built, having a Battery with fix Pieces o f large Cannon, its Ciftern and Quarters, * communicating with the Torre de Outaon abovementioned.

T he Placets divided-into three principal Parts; v iz . the Body o f the Tow n, within the ancient. W alls ; and the Suburbs o f Troiaio and o f Palbaes, encircled, by the new Fortification ; and, according to Pome'Memorials, it is computed, that, there are n ,ò o o Communicantsiin the Paid D iftrifls, Thefe Inhabitants are divided into' four Pariihes, of. which two are within the old Circuit, v iz. S. MariadeGraqa andS. Juhaon-, between which a Conteft fHU fubiifting about the Priority .of theft Antiquity, the Proceffion goes alternately, one.Yearo n t'o f :dne; and the.next Year out o f the other;, this làft Church Hands ..on one Side of the Square do Sapal, near to the. Palace o f the Duke o f Avoir0, in which i f a Tribune or Gallery for the Paid Partili ; T h e third Panili is in theiSuburbof T ramo, dedicated to N .S,dà Annunci ada, and the. fourth in the Suburb o f Palhaes-

V o l . IL * 2 M In

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

In Setnvai are feveraT fine beautiful Sqiiares; as that o f Rapai, of-th zAnnun^ dada, of thè Fonte-Nova, and thè Rodo; '- without the modern Fortification, a ll ornamented With Fountains in riliighTaftèi éfpecially that of the Anyo da Guarda, in ihcRodb òr 'Ttrreirò, as i f is called.

Its principal public Buildings are, a Iloufe o f Mercy, Hofpital, and ten Con­vents; which1, accordìflg to th e Reparation of tile Wards., are as follow* W ithin the oldW dls, the Convent o f S'. Fberefa, o f Carmelite defcalgite Nuns : without the ‘laid Walls', but within, the: hew ones, the Convent o f Carmelite caìgite Friars, dedicated to N .S . do Canno, built in 1.59li, in the Suburbs o f Tr-tinm, where allò ilarids riie Cótìvtn t daS', Rriiidadè: 111 the Suburbs o f Palhaes is the Convent o f SsDomingd; - Ìdnndéifby'King Scbafliadn ill-the Year 15665 thtiHofpido'oiA gof- tidhd : I n ; the H orn-work,-thè. Convent o f Jefus,occupied bfCapdchin N unsf ò f tbe fh’ft Rule:o f ISflC / ^ , ibuilt by King-AfdOTe1/, a t the dii fiance 'od'jfujlg Rodrigues1, Ms N.urfe :- W ithout, the; new Fortification is the Convent of S,Francijco,oi the Province o f theAlgarves, founded by Maria-Annes FJccJa?i ir id a lo 'that? o f 'S', "j onori Baud ft a, o f Dom inicanNuns, built' by Duke. Don- yorge,- M ailer o f Santiago and o f ■ Avvz, 1 and by thèD uchefs Dorina Brites de Vilbenagbèghh 'to be Inhabited hi 1529 f that "of Ni S. dos Any os, with Francif- dan Miffionaries,--founded'by Fd&c Aaitonio' das Chagas iri 1682, at the Expen.ce■ <if‘K in g Pedro y ill the Place called Branca^Annes. i 1 ?

■ 'Thè Lofdfhip o f Setub'dl' belongs to the Order o f Santiago ; but the fuperior JU ilickiy is iri the‘Houle o f the Dukes ó f Andrò, by Grant from the Duke-maf- te r Dori Jòrgec‘ This TùWri-is the Refidéneetof the Ouvidor to the Maiterfhip o f the laid Order, who is a t thè -fame time Gotregedoroi ABnada,- as hath been be­fore remarked -, and bere is" Hkewife a Prove dor and Jnìi& de Fora : Here is a Cuf- tomhoitie, arid a Tribunal, denominated dapabola Real, a Superintend ant o f Salt, with fevergl Officers ò f his Juitl'diéUon. : - Its particular Government con- fifts o f five Ve re adores, Procurator o f the Council, EJcrivaon o f the Chamber, and other Miriiflers, - ■ ■ ’ .• -’ :TM s Place isgarrifonedrwdtli a Regiment o f Foot, tone o f each Sort o f the M i-

litia, and twò 'Coriipaniés o f Horfe. Its Anris are, a Boat among the Waves, fririritmdédhy E iih i w ithdC dllle above,; arid two Croffes o f the Order o f Santiago.

: C H A P ,

S P A I N a n b P O R T U G A L. 1 3 5

C H A P . X II.

A Defiription o f the Province o f Alentejo.

H T S is the.fifths and one' o f the beft Provinces in the Kingdom : It joins northerly w ithPortuguefe Efiremadura, and Part o f B ejra ; to the South with

A lgarve; tp the Eafl with Spantjb Ejlremadura; and the Wefiern Ocean terminates' it on that -Point -of. the Compafs... : Some Geographers1 make it forty Leagues long, and th irty broad j whilft others count it thirty fourfqugre, ■ T he Name - o f:Alentejo’ is-derived"from its Situation, as it is (alem) beyond the River Tejo^ or Tagus, in refpeit ,to Ejlremadura and the; other more northern Provinces; w h ich ,. being flrit conquered, had the Preeminence o f being .diftinguilhedby that'Nam e. ' l i■ ;Thisr Province1 is watered by two confiderable Rivers (behdes others. o f lefa

N ote), Bus. the Tagus, which runs on- the north; Side o f .it, from ,Eaft to,W eft; and th t.Guadiana, which, a little after entering, Portugal, inclines infeniiblyto the-. South;' and, crofting a Part o f .'this Province;, leaves, on the.Side oiSpanijb; .Ejlremadura, Mouraon, Olive t f a, Maura, Serf a, and-other Territories. : ;: I t is'in -general a plain Country (although cu t through 'by dome Mountains),--

that greatly facilitates its Culture o f W heat .and, Barley, in which i t .rooftly* abounds :' T hough the Plough does not fo wholly'engrofs its terrche Improve­ments/.as to coniine its .Products to Corn only; for-it lias likewife Plenty, o f W ine,’ Oil, Cattle, Fruits, and Game. There are likewife different Places 'where, valuable Stones and,Earths are found; as, the.white Marble o f Extremoz and Vianna; the-green o f Borba and Villa-Vicofa; the white and red oiSciu va l and Arrabida\ and the Earth o f Monte m b and Ejlrem cs,A litt med not only at home' but abroad.' ' 1

The, great Fertility o f tills Province, efpecially for the Subfiftence o f Troops,- occafionsit commonly, to be the Seat o f W ar, when any Breach-is made between, tills and- die Spanijh.Cxovm-, as particularly happened in the tw o'R uptures-con­cluded by the Treaties o f 1668 and 1715,which induced theirPortagzqyfMajeftiea to fortify this Province in a peculiar Manner formerly : Though a long, unin­terrupted Enjoym ent'of Quietude, made, them negligent and forgetful o f their quondam M axim s; and the Etlemy found their Fortifications in a ruinous Con-- dition, on their laft hoftile Entry into the Kingdom, which would have, rendered- them ari eafy Prey, had not the timely. Ailiftance of our Countrymen prevented, th em .. The Places of Strength are Elvas, Olivertga, Jerumetiba, Ejlretncz, Campo- Mayor, and Maura; but, as before obferved, they have been Buffered to go. to Decay, toi'.which the, late Earthquake hath contributed not a little: I.have in my Pofieifion the Plans of the abovementioned Forts; and have received an Account o f them from the Gentleman which;Count L ip p eitn t to'examine all the Fortifi­cations in the Kingdom,^confirming the above, Relation concerning them;

This Province contains four Cities,; and,above an hundred Tow ns i Among the former, Euira.hatlvan archiepifcopal Chair; .an dtfofe of Elvas and Porta-' legre-have the Honour to give Seats.to Biihops, o f which Be]a is at.'prefent de- ftitute, although it is a. very ancient Foundation: T h e chief Towns.are, Villas VitjOfa; (ancipntly the Reiideilce o f the Dukes o f Braganm) p.Ejlrenioz,Montemoro- How, Caftdio de Vi del Grata, A u iz, and fome, others.-. ,

p i s S E K.T A T J G’N S;' o:nIt is divided into eight JurilHiilions, v iz* that o f E vora , P eja , Campo de O n-

rique, VUla-Vi^oJa, Ehas-, Pot'takgre, Crato, and A v isj\ of which fome are Cor- reipens, and others Ouvidortas, as will be explained in their proper Places.,

Correitjaon of E vora,

Is eompofed of one City and eleven Towns, o f which E vord is the Capital. -

' r " ,;v ■ '' 'E v e r a.

Towns.Aguias, A katovas, Garni, E jlr e m z , L'avreyM ontem or o N duo, Montoko, JPavia,

Redondo, Vianna, and V m ieiro . , ,'r ; . ; “

Evof-a. Though this City is built on net. great Eminence, yet it Hands above; aTpacidUs Plain, .terminated almoft everywhere, by Mountains at a great Bif-; tance from .it, -v iz , the Scrra do OJfa to the North and Eaft, thofe o f P o rt el and. Vi&nna to the South, and by that .of Monteindro to. the Weft, - Some Authors at-:, tribute its Foundation to the Cdtiberiatis, and others to tb z Ahdalufe Partejwns y and though it may not be fo ancient as either o f them would makeit, it w asuri-;. demably a City in great Repute in the Time of the Romans, as the famous Cap­tains Viriatvs and Sertorius fettled tliemfelves here, when they dffputed with Ronid

the Sovereignty of this Province, .as appears by various Ihicriptions o f .that Age. The Emperor Ju liu s Cefar declared a M un i d p i um o f the ancient L atiu m , granting to its Inhabitants (with the faid Title) the fame Privileges:which the Citizens of Rome enjoyed ; 'and it was on this Occafion that Evora, in Acknowledgment, for the Favour conferred, affirmed the Name o i L iberalitas ‘J u lia , , . r 1

During the Dominion of the northern Nations, this City fupported its Repu­tation, especially under the Empire of the Goths.: But, on thtM m riJ h Invallon of Spain, thofe People took it on the 14th of M arch, 7 1 5 ,-and remained Mailers" of it till the Year n 6 6 , when it was reconquered by a Perfon of Valour, vulgarly- called Gerardo Jem F a vor (G erard without Fear) ; who, after .gaining it, reilored, it to King Ajjonjb-TIcnriques.

This Place was twice encompalled with W alls; tlie firil Time by Sertorius, who likewife built the Aquedufl, commonly faid to convey Silver W ater (Iiup- pofe from the Coillinefs of the Work), and which was repaired many Ages after by King John III. Its fecond Gircum muralatkn‘(being what Rill exifts) was in the Reign of King Fernando, having leveral Towers placed in it, with feven Gates,1 v iz . that of Alconcbel, Lagoa, A v i z , Mendo-Efteves, P ie Jade, R o ck , and Reymondo*

It was fome Years ago fortified , in the modern Tafte, but hath differed the lathe Negleft and Decay as the other Fortifications of the Kingdom. The Church is one of the moil ancientepifcopal Temples of Spain, as it is faid that St .M a n - cio (fuppofed to be one of Chrifbs feventy two Difciples) was the firil Biihop o f it, and from which Time fome Authors pretend an exatl Series of the Prelates was continued; but a Want of Memorials .of thofe Times,1 efpecially during the Moorijh Dominion, leaves us in the Dark About the faid Succeffion, by a large Gap in their Hiftory: However, Forty eight Biihops or Archbifliops of this Cat thedral are reckoned from St. Mancio, itsriuppoied ffrft Founder/ to Archbiihop Don Sim non tla G am a , who died in Lijbon, the yth of Augufi, 1715; and the See was Rill vacant in 1734- This Chair was railed to the Dignity of a Metropoli­tan, in the Reign of King John. Ill, Anno 1540; arid the firil A roll biihop who p redded in it, was the Cardinal -Infante Don Elenrique, who, afterwards ipeceeded to the Crown : And among its Prelates are noted three: Cardinals,, ytfhich- were Don Jorge daCoJia, andphe Infantes Don and D 011 Henrique, E y n y M a inoel s Sons; as alfo Don Pbeotonk and Don Alexandre, both of the moil- ferene

Houfe

S P A t N AN d P O R T U G A L .- tícÁifé o£ Bragan$a. - Previous to its obtaining the archiepifcopal Dignity, it

fuc'cefllvely depended on the Metropolis o íM e n d a and CompojMla^ and hath now ;for. Suffragans the Churches o f E h a s and Faro.

T h e C h ap tero f E vora conflffs o f eight Dignitaries, twelve Cohorts (among which one hath tlie Degree o f Mafter, and. another o f D octor); four H alf-Ca­nons, and four Sluariernaries: The Dignities are, a Dean, Chanter, Schoolmaiter, Chief Treafurer, and fopr Archdeacons, o íB a g o , Sexta, L a v re , and O r k la . This

1 /is the richeff Church, of. all Spain, excepting the Cathedral o f 'Toledo.,. and in. late Years its Rents have, amounted to,.*40,00 o Cruzados^,.,.

Formerly-the Inhabitants.Were reckoned 10,000, but at prefent.they are re­duced to 4200, divided into five: Parilhes, v iz , that o f the See. (about: which ! ffiall treat fubfequently) 3 .that oiSanto.Antaon (of wHchthe^Archbiihops are -Priors)3 S. Mamede, Santiago, and Pedro... . : ■ . . \ r

T h e faid Cathedral was- hew founded'by BiíhopD on Papó, on the 20th o f Map, Y . 1 % m .thé Reign o f R in g Sane h i , .and twenty Year? after the: C ity was re- -gajned.frorq the. Moors*. It is. however to :be remarked, Ú12.C Duróte Ffúnes de Leaon and other Authors, have made the laid Don Payo the firft Biihop o f Evora" .after its Conqueft; though they were evidently miftaken, as Fr. Antonio Brandam proves from various. Confirmations - o f Don Soeirp to.feveral royal Donations ip the Years.-pi 66 and 1169, whereas the.earlielf Accqupts we have p f D on Payo are after the Year 1180. , i . - j. ", . ; - /

, T h e other public Buildings coniiii o f a Houfe o f M ercy,, a royal Hoípital, ánd feveral others j with twenty two.Monafteries, Convents, and Colleges, within .the

.; C ity and Neighbourhood, w ri.th e Convent o f Franciscan Friars/founded, iff the Life-tim e o f the Saint, ■ pear .to the. ancient Palace, and was -fuff poffefled by Con­ventuals, but paffed. to . the Objervantes in the Y ear.1513, by a Bull.,from Pope L eo X ; that o f Dom inican Friars, whofe Foundation was in the Year 12865 that o f Santa .Helena do. Monte Calvario, occupied by Capuchin„ Nuris,' o f the. primary Ruler'qf, Santa Clara, founded iff 1579,' by tire Infanta Donna M a r ia ,;Daughter to K in g M anoel -y that o f the Nuus o f Santa Clara , built by Don Vafeo Perdigaon, . Biihop of E vora , who begun it in the Year 14583 that o f Santa Catharina de Sena, o f Dominican Nuns, who at fir it profeifed the third Rule o f that Order, with the T it le .o f H uns o f Santa M artha , but afterwards admitted tlie Obfervance, and paffed 'to the new Houfe in 1547; the. Con vent o f St..John the Eyangelift, o f fe- cular Canons, founded in the Year 1485, by Don Rodrigo, de M ello, the firff Earl o f Olívenla-, the College of E fpirito Santo, occupied by Jefuits, and founded by the Cardinal Don FEnrique in 1554, for the dead o f an University, o f which I- iliall fay fomething more prefently 5 the College o f Nojfa Senhora da P u rifica ro n , built by the faid Cardinal, in 1554, for Students in Theology, under.the Direc­tion o f the laid Jefuits 3 the Convent of N ú f a Senhora das Merces, occupied by dif- calceated Hermits o f St. A uguflin , founded in 1669 5 tile ^College o f Monks, o f the Order o f S. Paulo, whofe Foundation was 'in '1578 5 the, Monaitery o f do S a l- <uador? poffeffed by F randfcan Nuns,, fubjeft to the Arch biihop o f E vora , and founded in 160.5 3 the Convent o f Nojfa Senhora da Graqa, o f Auguflin Friars,

• founded in 1495, £nd rebuilt, by K ing John III, though fome Authors affirm it to have, been begun in the Reign of Sancho 1 3 that o f Nojfa Senhora do Carmo, o f Carmelite. ihod Friars, whofe Foundation was in the Reign o f the lafl mentioned Prince, its firft Situation was extramural, but it was afterwards built.within tlie Palace of the; D ukes'of Braganqa, in the Tím e o f K ing Pedro I I 5. tlie M onailery

■ o f N o fa Senhora. do Par.aifo,. o í Dominican Nuns, who admitted the Inclofure or Sequeffer in 1516, having been retired therein ever imee the Y e a r! 474 fth e M o -

■ naftery of Santa Therefa, :or óf S . Jofepb, o f barefooted Carmelite Nuns; built near tlie Gate o í A viz- in-the Year 1Ó81 j the Convent o f Santo Antonio, Capu­chins, o í tlie Province da Piedade, a Foundation of Cardinal H m rique in

V q l . II. . . * r * 2 N ' the

tile Year 1576, though it was the A rch b iih op ;TKsTiL'heotomQ 'of Bragattfit, who fi milled it, and was buricd;in ¿ ¡ 't h e royal Monaffery oi-Jra'CeeUp occupied by. Cnrtbufm Friars, was founded in 1598, by the kff.m enfioned Prelate/the Mo* nailery o i 'Noj/a Senbora do kfpinbeiro, o f ^riwriie'Monk'S, founded by 'DonFafca 'PerdigaonpBiihbp o f Evora/m i ^ z ’, arid finrihed in 1 5 5 8 ,4 ^ / 3 V . then reign* in g ; the Monaftery oiS.BentO i o f Bernardino Nuns, founded in' 1169V where frihny had Retired to, and: to which Urracn Ximenes, a W olnan p fa m o b h Family, gave Beginning, with feveral o f her Relations, about three Quartets o f a League without the C ity; the Convent o f Santa Mar gar t da > o f Paulijline F riar$, founded in 1.456, about d League out o f T o w n ; 'the Convent d f Bom Jtfus de Vaherde, yjoffefiedby CapucbinFnats, b f the P ro vin ce '^ Pledadty-fomidfsd by Cardinal Dorr Nem-ique in-the'Year 1544, nea'r the Archbifhop's Villa or Country “feat; the Con­vent o f Menino JtfuS) with Nuns o f St. Auflin, fubjeft to the Archbiihops of. -Jlvora, irid was founded hi tile Year 1380 ; the College d Mddre deD hs; founded in 1595, under the Admimftratkm o f the jefuits. There are alfo many Places o f Retirement1 in' this C ity; ariiong Which, thdt o f the Nob Ik Maids of-S.M ancid is chief; fubjeff'to the Adminiftration o f the Archbilhopsf ‘‘ l "; . Ariiong the many Prerogatives o f this C ity, the following ones are what i t rnoitly boails b f : The Court having been kept here' hi Part o f K ing John I ll 's Rbign, arid that o f feveral o f his Predeceflbrs: Its being a celebrated Univer- iity, founded by the Cardinal Infante Don Mmrique in the Year 1559, and yielded to the Jefuits 1 w ho have in it three Chairs Of fpeculative Theology, one o f Scrip­ture, two o f mdrhl Theology, four of Philofophy, and feveral Claries for the Study o f Hupaariity: Its being the Refidence o f a Tribunal o f the, Inquifition ; which is the feednd fettled in the Kingdom, arid was eftabliihed, in this City by the aforefaid Cardinal Infante in 1563, who was then Inquifitor-General. ■

It is likewife rendered illuririous by having had feveral Cortes celebrated in it * as in the Reigns1 o f Ring Durate, K ing Affoftfo V , and John I I : And for the Suc­cours of" 1000 Foot and'20'0 Horfe, afforded Affonfo IV. in the Expedition to af- fift his Sbn-in-Taw, Ajfonjb S I . K ing o f Cajitk> when he gained the celebrated Battle o f Salado.

. In the Reign o f Affonfo Y I, ‘and in May, 1663, this City was taken.by.Don "John oi.Aiijiria;. but was reilOred to the Portuguefe Troops in the M onth follow^. ing, after the Battle o f Ameixtal, which the Earl o f Villafor gamed over the faid Prince, who was retiring from the Kingdom* without Hopes o f preferving Evora. ' ■ ' ' “ ' . - .

Its Arms are, a Man on horieback, armed, In a Shield, with a Field, argent; with a Sword in his right Hand, and the Heads o f a Man and Wothan in his left. The primitive Name of this City.was Ebvra, as is feen in.Pliny, Pomp. Mela, and in the Itinerary' attributed to the Em$$ro f Antoninus P ius; though in the Reign of Julius Cefar, it was alfo called Liberalitas Ju lia : In Procefs o f Tim e it was denominated Elbora, eipecialiy under the Dominion o f the Gothsi as ap­peal's from iome. Medals or Coins of King Reccarredus, who died, as Ubefcas wiH have it, in the Year 601, till finally it fettled into the prefent Appellation b f - EvOray by which it was known on its Recovery from the Moors; though, in the-. Latin Writings, it .¡preferved its Nam e,of Elbora for a long Time aftetV as is- found even in the Reign o f Affonfo III. " " !. ' ''. This City is the Head o f a Corf ei$¿1071,, and the‘Refidence o f a Corregedot, Pro- 'Vs dor., Jm z de Fora, and J u iz dos Orfanos. Its Territory extend s'fix Leagues to the Eait, and tliree to, three and a half the other W ays containing.' 1500 Fa­milies. ' ' - '■

EJlremoz: Is a Tow n feated almoft equidiftant between the Cities o f ■ Evora-, E has, and Poriakgre, in a fertile pleafant Country; and one o f the m oil health-.

ful

S PA I'!ST A ND P G K T Ü G À L.fu i in all the Province: The Caille, hnd moil ancient Part of the Town, occupy the Top of a finali Hill"} 1 at tihe F oo t g f.whî c h't helnh abi ta n t s have fpread them ielves; atfirft Weil ward, and afterwards northward... The.earlieft-Memorial we have of it, is In the Reign of Adfdnfolll, who, gave i t its Charter,., with great pri­vileges.,; in the.Year 1258 3 and is the, lamé with,that of Sqntarem, impaiìng. a

■ iTribute- on .the Farmers of, B r e a d , windi v(^ygiv:eir th^Ndmp.pf. Jugafçç,played ¿¡way. -, ... . . * ■ .',5,.., l.. , ■ . 5, .

Ëjiremoz was once.the,Head;of a-Diff r ia :,3whoie;Corrciçaon extended,to..fif­teen T owns, mentioned byr Durate■. 'Jeunes. de Leçon,,. i n . hi . D ecripti on:ojjPoçtu^ gal, which h e compoied in the fYeai’;J59p 3JTo;tli.alt then, it continued ta „enjoy■ the faid Jurifdiclion : But in Tim e it was abolìfhed Ì and added to the Corrciçaon 1 of, -Esorti 3 and: the O'uvtdorias oFAviz* and V iÎk-viçofa being, created, - thè greáteít iPm t of'the Lands1 Were divided between’ them. ‘j'1' w . - - ■■ . : . .*/ \■ ■ T h e N ame’ ò fËjiremoz is by_many 'derived'from'the WoVd Frâniùços ( Lupins), -with which Plants'-that Part-abounded' at. the1 Tim e o f the^'Foundation ófithe ■ Townf ' and it is certain that th is:Plant ié itili préfet vèd 'in: its' Arm s. -- -

This T ow n hath-one o f tííó 'h e íf-Fortifications'in the Kingdom ;’ having’, ■ within thé W alls, - ten Bulwarks,’ three1 dèmi-TSaftions,Yndtohe Redent, w ith ■ the exterior .Works o f Ravelins^ Haff-mOonV'-and Confervasv', T he Caille,.which, ■ is in Form o f a 1 Citadel, and ■ alfo.makeS rP ait o f thednclofur& of-the Placed hath 'four Bulwarks and two half Bulwark's/ joined to the -old W a il} ‘ and,- ’to have it in the greateíl P erf catióni there "only wanted tits artificial Fóífes : T o the fotith- ward,- there is a -nfing Ground,“ occupied by a fquare Fort o f four Bulwarks -and a Ravelin, covered towards thè Country with an Advance-work; in Form o f a Vendais, called St.Jofeph-, and to-the' B a il is a H ill, at sL Diitaiicev front the Place, defended by a fquare Redoubt, called S, Barbaras But Tim é and Negleft have had the fame Effe ft on thele For tifi cat ionizas: on the others o f th e Kingdom.

This T ow n is reckoned to contain-22co-Famihes, in 'three Pai;iihes - , that o f Santa Maria, the Mother Churchy Santo Andre, and Santiago, all in'the Prefentà- tion o f the Order o íA v iz . T he other public Buildings are, a Houfe o f Mercy, tlofpital, and fix Convents, v iz. that o f Franc i f can Friars, a Foundation o f R ing Affonfo III y that o f S. Joaon de Déos 3 -that o f dcfcakeuted Auguflin Friars, built in 1671, in the Street das Freirás {oí the Nuns), whofe-Church formerly "be­longed to the Rectifies-of Santa Clara3 the Nuns of the Order o í M alta, dedicated to St. John the Baptifi, founded firff at Evora in the Year 151:9, and -afterwards moved to tills Place by the Infante Don Luis,'w hen Prior do Grato, in the Year 15633 that o f Nojfa Senhora da Coriceiçaon, occupied by the Fathers o f the Con­gregation o f S. F i lippe N eri, "founded by Don F r.L u iz da Sylva Fellesç Archbifhop ' o f Evora, in the Y ear, 1698} that of Santo Antonio, . poíléfléd by Capuchin Friars, o f the Province daPiedade, founded the "lait Tim e, in theYear 1662,, at a final! Diftance from the Tow n. . : .

Among the moil remarkable'Events o f this Town* aré to be counted that the Queen Santa Ifabel, W ife o f K ing D em is, died here on the p F iM July, 1336 3 and King Peter I, on'the 18th o f January, 1367. This Place islikew ife noted for the excellent1 Marble that its neighbouring Quarries produce; -which, after being properly wrought and poltfheti, almoft equals Alabafter in-its W hite nefs 3 and for the fine earthern W are made here, which I-have already mentioned^ Its Government is compofed o f a J u iz de Fora, three Vere adores, and other cullo-1 in ary Mini tiers. - I '

’ ■' Ouvìdona de Beja, "■ ■

Comprehends one City and three Tow ns3 o f which Beja is the Capital.

,, . Y - / C it y . . ■ .■ ■ Beja. , /' ' " ■

■ Towns*

D I S S E R T A T I O N S ; ; o n ;'Towns. ■ I'1 : ■

Alcm tim , in the K ingdom o f Algarve, Moura, and Serpa.

Beja, confideredas á Provèdoria, not only takes in the àforefaid Diftriás, but alfo fifteen other Towns belonging tó Grañtees, A z i A g u v dePeixes, Aguiar, Albergaría dos Fufos; Ahito*, B eringe l, F a r o Ferreira, Ficaiho, Trade's i Qdemira, Orióla, Forraón, Vidigueira, -V illa-A ha ,• ViUd-Vfova deA lvitójV illa -R id^ a; Of. which, Agua de Peixes, Albergaría dos Fufos, Villa-Abita, and Tjila-Raída,\ belong to the Duke o f Cadañal, Where he has his Vudidory Vidigueira. ami‘Fradei 'apper­tain to the Marquis of N iza -, Beringel, tó theM arqüis Has Midas % Alvïlà\ Orlóla, Villd-Novd de:Abulto, and Agdtabjto the Earl B argon, £cc : . ’ ■ -y/- y j -

: . Beja is fcated. nine Leagued to .the South-weft, o f Evora, and a little more than tw o from the River Guadiana, on a rifmg Ground, fm rpundedftya plçafant and fruitful Country. ; Its Foundation, is commonly attributed .to tM^Celtic■ Gauls -, and its Reputation;.inTim e ipcrÉaíing,.,the-f^mdfír grrniteddtiinany-ffpnours and Privileges,. creating it one. o f the five Colonies oiL u ftd n la , and appointing it One’o f the thine juridical Convents, or Courts o f theffaid Province : Julius Cejar gave it alfo the Name o f Pax Julia -? though forrie Spanijh Authors appro­priate this Name to Badajoz, which is attempted to be dilpfoved by the follow­ing Realons. . And, firft, it is in Favour of Beja frotn its Situation, as Ptolemy, fpeaking of Pax Julia, places it in the Province, o f Lufitania, w kereasth e C ity o f Badajoz flood in that o f Betica, being,on the other. Side o f the Guadiana, whofe W aters parted the two Provinces ; T h e fécond Reafon for the Plea, - is, that it 'was very natural for th¿Romans- (as ftridt O.bfervers o f good Order), on inftitut- ing the faid juridical Convents, to facilitate the intended Recourfe, by fettling them equidiftant one from another; and if, fo, Merida, being one o f .them,- and Bantarem another, the remaining one could not "be the City of Badajoz, as it is only nine Leagues from Merida : Thirdly, the Itinerary, attributed to Antoninas Pius,_ reckons' thirty fix Miles from Mertola. or M yrtills to Pax Julia, and the fame Diftance is ftill counted between Mentóla and Beja, Whereas, the Space is doubled between the former and Badajoz: Laftly, the preceding Reafons are en­forced, and confiderably corroborated, by the finding feveral antique Roman S tones (copied by the Antiquarian Andre de Refende),■ on which are legible the Name o f P ax Julia y and it is very improbable that the Inhabitants o f Beja iliould have gone to fetch them £rom.Badajoz, with the foie View o f proving therefrom their City's Title to the contefted Name. ,

From the Tim e of the Romans, to the Conquering Spain by the Moors, there is but little recorded o f Beja, except in regard to the.Eftablifhment o f its Bifliops. T h e Lois of it is generally fixed to the Year 7x5, and thenceforward it feems to have continued under the Dominion o f the Africans till;1 thn Reign o f K ing Or- donho II, who died in 924; and, as it is affirmed, was its fitft Reftorer:. But be­ing recovered by the Barbarians, i f does not appear that it regained its L iberty, and fhook off the heavy Yoke, till KingAfbnfo-Henriÿues eafed them o f it ; in whofe Reign it was twice conquered, the .firft in 11:55,- and the fécond'in 1162. In 1178, it vykS' befieged,by. two principal Alcaides, with'a'great Artny^ but the. Infante Dort Sancho marching to its Succour,, hé obtained n íigñal Yiôfoiÿ; which. waE followed by raffing the Siege. T he repeated Calamities which,this City fuf- fered.from the continual'Wars, had reduced it to fo bad.a Condition, that K ing Affonfo III. ordered the Reedification o f its W alls to 'Which OonMfl.rtinho. con- . tribu ted, by granting towards the Expence tw oThirds o f th e T y th e s o f all the- Churches in Beja for ten Years, as appears by a W riting, beating Date , the j Stlt. Day of November, T253. 1 i 1 - ■ .... ;v; :r~

_ ff'his Place was erefred into a Dukedom by J o b h lï, fin Favour o f Don Mam el,-, his Brother-in-Law and Succeflbr, not caring that .the Title of Duke, of Vifeu.

_ 1 ihculd .

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A Lfhould continue in him after the Death of his Brother Don Diego? as hath al­ready been, mentioned : This Title o f Duke o f Beja was alfo given by the afore- faid K in g Manoel to his Son the Infante Don Ltdz-? o f whom no other Suéceflion remained than Don Antonio, who was obliged to take Refuge in France, on the' Invafion of Portugal by Philip II. In the Tim e of K in g John IV, this Titlé was conferred on the Infante Don Pedro? who.afterwards afcended tire Throne ; and whofe Reign will always be celebrated for the glorioüs Events-of it, at lead: in the Records o f that Kingdom, This City is Capital o f the Houfe o i Infant a do ; of. w hich the Infante Don Francifco is or was lately in Pofieffion. t It formerly had the Prerogative o f an epifcopal Chair, whofè Bifhops figned1

' themfelves Bijpos Pacenfes, until this Dignity was transferred to Badajoz? as the Chronologift Fr: Antonio Brandaop. affirms j though the Geographer, Gaj'par Bar- reiros, is o f a quite different Opinion. T he Name of Pacenfis is taken1 from Pane? afterwards converted into , that o f Paca? and feveral Batin Authors o f Spain made Üfe o f this latter W ord, in the Tim e o f their greateft Barbarity, to diinn- guifh the City o f Bejq, as is feen. in th'e H iftory of the Goths, when fpealdng o f tfte Reftqration before mentioned ; Era M .C C . pridie Kahndas Eeccmbris in Node SancH Andrea Apofoli, Ci vitas Paca, id ejl, Begia ah Hominibus- Regis For tug. iDowti Alphorifi, & c. vitiliter capitur.

I t is not ealy to afeertain the Year o f this See’s Ereffion, or to note'chrono­logically its Prelates : But fome' o f them are mentioned in Padilla's ecdefajHcd Hiflory'i viz. Domidano, in the Year 347 yAprigio, ocApringio, from 529 to 540, o f whom the Antiquary, Andre de Refende (fome Years anteriur to Padilha) fpeaks j Palmacios Lauro, and feveral others, who affifted at different I'oh dan Councils, until' the Year 693 ; and even during thé Moors Dominion, Notice is taken o f tw o Bifhops o f Beja : It feems to have loft the aforefaid Dignity previous to its Reftoration, and King Affonfo-Henrique s did not procure it, as he did for lève­rai other Cathedrals, which is attributed to the miferable Condition it was then reduced to ; and Beja not only loft the Honour of an epifcopal Chah', which it enjoyed for io many Ages, but even the Privileges o f a City, till- they were re- flored to it by K in g Manoel 1 at the Beginning o f whofe Reign, it had no other Charter than that o f a Tow n.

It confifts o f 3000 Families, divided into four Fanih.es j that o f Salvador? Santa M aria daFeira, Santiago, and S. Joaon Bautifa. T h e other public Edifices are, a Houfe o f Mercy, founded by the Infante id ow L u iz-, an Hofpital, fettled by. the Infante Don Fernando (Father o f K ing Manoel) ; and feven Convents, v iz. that o f the Francifcan Friars, founded by the Queen Santa Ifabd in the Year 1324; tlte fhod Carmelites, , eftablifhed in the Tim e o f John III, at about a Quarter o f a League from the City 1 Santo Antonio? poffeffed by Capuclnn Friar’s, o f the Pro­vince da Piedade ; the royal Monaftery o f NoJJ'a Senior a da Conceiçaôn, o f Fran­cifcan Nuns, being a Foundation o f the aforefaid Infante Don Fernando? Duke o f V i feu? and Father to K ing Manoel -, the Monaftery o f Santa Clara, occupied alfo ’by. Francifcan Nuns, at about a M ulket-fhot from the City W alls to - the weftward; Nojfa Senbora daEfperança, o f fhod Carmelite Nuns, which is the firft o f 1 that Older in the Kingdom, - built in the Year 154-1 y and -the- College of Jc-

■ fa its. Finally, Beja is the Hèad o f a D iftrift, and the Refidence o f an Ouvidor, Provedor, and J u iz de Fora. . 7 '

T h e Lieutenancy o f the City came to thé Houfe o f the M ar quilles das Minas, by the Marriage o f Donna Margarida de Brito with Don Pedro, do Soufa?- firft Earl da Prado ; arid continued in it till the Death o f Don-Joaon de Soufa? third M ar­quis das Minas O u whofe Demife, thé Infante Don Francifco gave it to D o n l)« - rate dç Caméra? fifth Earl d f Aveiras, by the Alliance mentioned in the Title o f this Houfe. / 1 .

1 4 !

Monarcli. Lu l i t . t o m . j . l i r . 1 0 . c a p , 4 ,1 .

Fndilha Hi ft. Ecd. dc Help tom. 12.

Vol, IL * 2, O Moura.

Moura. A t a íliort LeaguéVPiftance. from the River Guadiana, and fo tin from Montaraz, fluids the Tow n o f Moura, feated on an irregular Plat, though in the Middle o f a great Plain, furrounded by the two Rivers Lavandeira and Bren- bas. It was founded, as feveral noted Antiquarians iuppofe, on the Ruins o f Aroucbe la Ncrva, which, m the Emperor Trajan's Tim e, was a conñderable. Place, as appears by various Inicriptions of that Age; for both the ancient and modern. Arvdtanos dedicated a brazen §tátue to Hercules. _ The find Tim e Moura is men­tioned, was in the Reign o f King AJonfo-Henriques, in the Year n.66, when it is, affirmed by the Chronic ft o f the Goths,, that, after the Reft oration o f Evora, tills Prince took Mouia, ■ Serpa, Alconcbcl, and C u ru cb ewhich is aííq confirmed by. other Memorials : After fome Years, other Authors"affirm,.that, Moura. was re­conquered; founding theft Opinion in a.Gift made by Queen Entes (then W i­dow to Ajfcnfo III.) in the Year 1284, in which one Moura is fpoken. o f as Lady o f that Caíble; and tliey pretend that the Town-took its Ñame from her.

Monarch. Lu- As the Trutli o f the faid W riting admits o f 119.Doubt; and it names D o n ^ A 3‘ varo aud Don Pedro Ruiz for Conquerors; and remarking alio with w hatExadt-

nefs the Gcthijh Hiftory fpeaks of it, avouching (.as before obferved) that K ing Afionjo-Henriques took the Laid Place, we muff fuppofe it to have" been twice, gained from the Moors, as happened with mqny other Places in Alentejo: H ow ­ever, it is certain, that, when firft conquered, it bore its prefent N am e; and that 5t was not fo called from the Event, which the W riting refers to, that hap­pened to the Daughter of the Commandant o f the Caíble, as this was feveral Years pofterior, 1 -

T he Circuit o f this Place is larger than , any in the Province, having four Gates ; that o f do Carmo, Porta Nema do Fogo, Santo Francjfco, and Santa Juft a. Its Fortifications, which were once conñderable, differed greatly in the long W a r; and though feveral Baftions and otlier Parts ftill remain, Tim e and the Earthquakes have left thefe, like moil; others o f Portugal, in a ruinous Condi­tion, though the Situation is capable o f being greatly improved under the Hands of an able Engineer.

The Royalty o f Moura, and o f fome other Tow ns o f Alentejo, became theO c- cafion of a Rupture between King Dennis of Portugal,, and Fernando IV . of Caft tile, in the Year 1295, as lt had been conquered by the Portuguefe Princes,- and is within the Limits o f their Dominions, its Ufurpation from this Crown had continued from the Time o f King Affonfo the Wife, and was united to 1 the Order of the Hofpi talers o f that Kingdom; which Conteft was finiftied in the aforeiaid Year, by the Delivery winch King Fernando ordered to be made o f that Territory, iigned in the City o f Rodrigo, on the 20th of Offober: O n tills Occafion, K in g Dennis granted a Charter to the Tow n o f Moura, o f which they were poffelTed on the 9 th o f December-, being the fame, that he had before given to the City o f Evora, and which Serpa and Mondar now enjoy.

in June, 1707, this Place fubmitted by Capitulation to the’ Duke o f Ojfunay after fifteen Days Defence; and in a little T im e the Spaniards quitted it, but previouily blew up a great Part o f the Fortifications.

This Tow n contains 2800 Families, divided into two Parifhes; that o f Santo. Agojhnbo, and that of S.Joaon Bautifta, both Priories o f the'Order o f A v iz . The other public Buildings are, a Houfe Of Mercy, an Hofpital, and five Convents, v iz. that of Nojfta Senhora da AJfumpqaon, o f Dominican N uns, founded on! the 7th. o f OSfober, 1562; that of. the Nuns o f Santa Claras the Franc ifean Friars, o f the Province of Algarves; the Carmelite caftado F riars,. founded in the Year -125r ; and that of Nojfa Smhora da Gloria,, poifeffed by the Order o f S. Joaonde Deos,

It is the Refidence of a Ju tz de Fora, like the To^vn o f Serpa -, .and its parti- culaL Government confifts of three Percadores, Procurador Of the Council, - and other M inifters: Its DiftriÓt extends to twelve Villages, reckoned to contain

upwards

i4,á • D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

S P A I N a N b P O R T U G A L.upwards;of.r40o-Eàmiliës. .'In fine, its Arms arem W om an under thé Window' o f a Tower i alluding to the’Governor’s Daughter o f that Calibe, who, accord­ing to a very ancient Tradition, threw herfelf down from it on feeing the Enemy enter.

O umidori a do Campò de Our ¡que,

Containing fifteen Towns, o f which Ourique is the Head.

Towns.Aljuftrel, Almodovar, Ahallade, Cajlro-Verde, Col los, Entradas, Gravami, Mortola;

M ef 'ejana, Dunque, P adroe ns, R annoy as, Santiago de.Cace m, Sines-, and Villa-Nova de M il Fontes t . . . . . . . . 1 -

Ourique is featèd in the meridional Extremity of thé Province of Alen tejo, be­tween the T ow n . òf Mortola - to the Eaft, and Villa-Nova de M il Fontes to the W eft. Its Situation, without appearing much railed, is con fiber ably fuperior to the Plain of this Name, in which K ing Affonfo-Henriques gained tire celebrated V ictory over the Moors, on the 25th of July, 1139, fecuring thereby the Title of . Kiftg o f Portugal, and which his Troops a little before had given, him- It does not appear when this Place was founded, neither do we read, of any thing par­ticular concerning the Inhabitants, for the Space o f one hundred and fifty Years; only that, on the 8th o f fmjuary, 1290, King Dennis (being then in the City of Be]a) granted, them their Charter. . . .

T h e Lordfhip of this Place appertains to the military Order o f Santiago ; whofc K nights greatly affifted theft Portuguefe Majefties in fubduing a large Part o f this Province, as affo in the Kingdom o f Algarve.

T h é T ow n confifts o f 200 Families ; having in it the parochial Church o f S. Salvador, a Houle of Mercy, and an Hofpital ; the Church is a Priory, and a Comrriendam of the afórela id Order, now in the Houfe o f tire Earls o f Unhaon. In its Territory are comprehended 400 Families, diftiibuted in three Parillies ; o f which D iftrióì, Ourique is the Heád. It is alio the Refidence o f an Ouvidor, Preveder, and de Fora; and its particular Government confifts of three Ve­re ador es, Procurador o í the Council, and other Minifters.

Ouvidoria de Villa-Viçofa;

Twelve Tow ns and a Council are reckoned in this Ouvidoria, whofe Chief is Villa-Viçofa ; and whofe Lands, jointly with thofe o f A v iz , anciently formed the DiftriCt o f Efrem oz, as hath already been remarked.-

Towns.-A lter do Chaon, Arrayólas, Borba, Chancellaría, Evora-Moufe, Montarais, Mon­

forte, Portel, Souzel, Viila-Boim, Villa-Vicofa, Villa-Fernando ; Council o f M ar- gem and LagomeL

Villa-Viçofa. This T ow n is feated four Leagues to the W eft o f Elvas, and eight to the F ail o f Evora, in a Plain fo fertile and luxuriant, as to have taken the Name o f Viçofa from it, as the great Antiquarian Andre de Refende obferves. Sòme Authors alTert, that its Foundation was by the Carthaginiansthree hun­dred and fifty Years before, the Birth o f Chrift ; and, for a.Proof,-pretend .that the Tem ple, which M aberbalthzn built and dedicated to the God Endovelicus, ftood within the T ow n : But I muft embrace the-Sçntiments of the abovepien- ti.Oned famous Antiquary, who determines the laid Temple to have..peen m udi more ancient than above rep relented ; and that it was not built m,.Villa-Viçofa, is beyond all Doubt, .but at three Leagues Di fiance, on a S.ppt. now called Re- rena. a Velha; which is clearly proved by the Stones ahd.InfcriptionS that Don fbeodofto, fifth Duke oiBraganca, ordered to he taken from hence, and placed, iij

the

* 4 3

the Frorttifpiece o f the Church belonging to ¡the Herbits, o/_ & . Augufiin ~ in this. Town* All Antiquity then agreeing to a Fà£t fb certain as that o f the.Temple o f Endovelicus, is not a fufficient Proof that there was. a Villa Adeofa in that Age*', nor that there flood any other Village where it now (lands, in the fame.manner. the.'Tradition o f another fumptuous Temple that the Pretor, . Rucius Mumius,■ eredled in Honour of Proferpina, a Century and a half before our Saviour’s Ad­vent, is no way favourable to the Opinion.in Queftiohj as this neither was feafetl in the Town, but in a Place now a Suburb to it, where, the aforefaid Refende in­forms us, the Church of Santiago 'hands. . ';

And the very Name ofJVilla-Vjofa,. plainly demo nitrates its not being ÎQ an cient as the abovementioned Authors contend for: I f we refieft. on the Lan­guage o f thofe Tim es, its greateit Antiquity that, I can trace, with any Appear­ance o f Truth, rifes no higher, than the; Reign o f Ajfohfa ÏH ; who, on the 5th . o f Jury, 1270, granted it a Charter, till which Tim e the Chronicle o f th e' Hermits of ¿V. Augufttn fays, that Villa-Viçofa w as. no .more than a Village, comprehended in the Diftridt o f Eflremoz. -, and; it was in the lame Condition in the Y ear 1267,; when the Monastery o f that Order was founded- After, fome Years' .King Ù enhùl built its Caille, in thé fame manner hé did àt Borba, Array olos, ffonjaraz^' and other Towns in the Province. T • : , : f ;

This Town, which till the above Period.wàs in no prédit, afterwards rofe fo; high in Repute, as to become the Court o f the m oil ferene Dukes o f Bragança, and the Birth-place o f King Joaon IV. In the'Reign oiAJfonjb V . it was'erefled into a Marquîiate, in Favour o f Don; Fernando, fecoricl Scui to tKe fiffl Duke o f Bragànça, and Succeflor to his great Filâtes. 1 In thé T ow n the Duke's pad f moil fuperb Palace, which is itill preferred in 1 the fame Form p with a Chapel well endowed, having its Dean, great Treafurer, and feveral Chaplains, whom, the K in g (in the Year 1732) appointed as Adminiilratois'of. his Son the Prince of R rafl's Domains, to whom the Dukedom o f Bragança belongs.

T he Fortifications need no Defcription, as tpey are ruinous and decayed V though they have been formerly reckoned not încohfideràbk, having confided of a Caille and feveral regular BaiHqns, Ravelins, Half-M oons, Trenches, , of which the Remains are (till exiiling.

T h e Inhabitants conflit o f n o o Families, diilributed in two Parifhes j that o f Nojfa Senbora da Conceiçaon, and S. Bartholomeu ; o f which the firfl Hands in the Caille, and was founded by the great Conftable Don Nuno Afaares Pereira, and is a Priory o f the Order o f A v iz. The other public'Buildings are, a Houfe of Mercy, an Hofpital, and feven Convents, v iz, that b i Nojfa Senbora da Graça, poffeffed by Hérauts o f S. Auguftin, founded in the Reign o î AJfonfoPM, 1267, and reedified by the Lord High Conilable ip 1366, containing tfie M aufkum s o f the moil ferene Dukes of Bragança ; that o f Nojfa Smhorgdo Amparo, with P a u lif Friars, at firil founded in the Territory o f Val-Bom, and Reign o f Joaon I, and removed within the T ow n in the Year 15901 S, Joaon Evangelijla, N jfu its Con- vent j Nojfa Senbora da Efperança, occupied by Francifcan Friars j thé M ohailery das Chagas, withN uns o f Santa- Clara, ordered'to be built In 1533, by Don Jay'mc, fourth Duke o f Bragança-, Santa Cruz, with Augufin Nuns, whofe Foundation was laid in 1527: And the Con vent1 of Santo Antonio, pofleifed by .Capuchins, o| the Province da Piedade j which, after feveral Removes, as now. built* at a little Diilance from the Tow n, fince the Year 3607, at the Expenee o f Don Pbeodofol firil o f the Name, and fifth among the Dukes o f Bragança. ■ F

In the Year 1665, and Reign o f A fànfoV Ï, Villa-Viçofa was befieged by the Marquis of Carfacew j but tfie Marquis of' M irialva, 'marching to its Relief,’ drew On the famous Battle o f,Montes-Çlaros, in which the Spaniards' loft 400Q1 Men, and left 6000 Prifoners, the Victory being alfo erowned with a Railing of the Siege. . . . *■ ■ ■ s. F

Finally,

.' Finally, it is ;the Refidence of: a yftitz de Fora, in the Nomination o f the-mbit ierene Houfe o f "Bragangat And its-Territory comprehends'200 Families, diftri- butedriv two Pariihes,:NoJfa Senhota das Ctladas, and Santa Catharine, dos Parades,

Correiçaon de E has,

Hath only fubjeft to it one City, and fix Towns, of which Elyas is chief.

‘ City, , 1 •■ - - E has. ■

■ 1 ' . ' Towns, 'Barbacena, Campo-Mayor, Mouraon, Olivença, Ouguella, and For end,

E hp s is feated three. Leagues to the' W eft-horth-weft o f Badajoz, other three, weftward o f Campo-Mayor', and two from tire Banks o f the River Caya, where the Dominions o f Spain and Portugal, or Aknfejo and Spanijh EJlrcmadura, :are di­vided. .. Its Situation, although on an Eminence, is n ot w it hit an d m g fubjedl to fome tiling Grounds, which hath in fonte meafure been remedied by the Fort o f Santa Lucia, as will be hereafter explained. Among: the various Opinions about its Foundation, what appears from Hiftory moil conformable to Truth, is (ac­cording alfo to the Opinion-of the Antiquary Andre de Refende) , that the H ehii, a People of. Gallia Narbonenfe, how called the Country o f the Eivarots, who, in Company w ith the: other Celtic Gauls, peopled a great Part of Spain, in the Year o f the W orld 3009. There are Memorials that it vvas an illufhious Place in'the T im e of the Carthaginians, Romans, and other Nations who poil elle d this Pro­vince, till it. was conquered by the Moors, tinder whofe Subjection it continued till the Reign of King Affbnfo-Henriques, who recovered it in the Year 1166: But it was ■ again reconquered by thole Infidels, and, as fome Portuguefe¥C\Eoxm\s pretend, Sancho I, was its Reitorer, though this Attention lies under great Diffi­culties.; b u t that his Grandfon, Sancho II, fubdued it by Force o f Arms in 1226, is without the leaft Doubt, as appears ,hy feveral ancient W ritings, and from its Charter, -obtained in th e Month o f March, 1229.

E h a s preferv.ed the Title o f a Tow n or o f a Council, which it obtained in -the Reign of K ing Dennis, until thé Year-1513; when King Manoel gave it tire Char­ter of- a-City, as he did to Beja in the fame Province, Favira in the Kingdom o f AJganue, and to Funchal in the Ifland o f Madeira.

F ifty feven Years after, E has was. erected into ail Eplfcopacy, Suffragan to the Archbifhopric oîE vora,' by a Brief o f P op ePius V , expedited at die Inftance o f K ing Sebaftian, on the 9th-of July, 1570: And for this Purpofe (befides the C ity o f E h a s) . twelve Towfts were feparated from the faid Archbifhopric, o f which its.Diocefe is at prefent compofedfviz. Alandroal, Alter do Chaon, A lter-Pe- drozo, Barbacena, . Cabeça de Vide 'y Pronteira,Cfurumenha, Mànfàrtc, Seda', Veiros, FiÎla-Boim, and Villa-Fernando ; and there were alfo feparated from the Biiliopric o f Ceuta, the Towns o f Olfaença, Campa-Mayor, and Quguella: In which Form this:Biiliopric extends';in Length'about nineteen Leagues, from the Village of. Fakga, In the D.iftridt o f Olivença, to'.the Tow n of Ponte do Sor ; and its greatett Breadth, twelve, from the laidTiHage to a League bey onTOugW/#. ■

This City was a cdniiderable Placeras well in regard to Strength as the Num - ber'of Inhabitants ; but 'Pime and other Accidents have weakened the former, thoughriie Iattdr.are increafed : As in the Year 1635,i when an Account o f the Biiliopric was puhliihed; Was then reckoned to contain 2500 Families ; but, ■ acc 0 rding to' more modem R dations, they are very much augmented. T h e Cattle ftffids irbthe higheft P a r i 'o f tht City7,-.and was etteemed to be ftrong, as the other Fortifjdations'were ; but thefe are much hi the fame Condition witli thofe I.have-already mentioned.in the. Ki ng do ma nd would make bu t little Re-

V o l . II, * 2 P - Pittance,

*4 ^ D IS S E R T A T I O N S 0 N

bilance, if attacked. Here ace four Pariflles, viz., the See, with tw o perpetual Vicar? ; Salvador, a Commendam of the Order o f Chrìjl, in the Prefentation o f the moil fcrene Dukes.of Bragan^a~, Santo Pedro, another Cqnimmdam of thè fame Order j and N eja Senhora da Akatova, a Commendam appertaining to the Order of A v iz.

From the firft Prelate, of. tins. Church, Don Antonio Mendès de Carvalho, are. Counted fifteen to Jàdon de Squja de Cnjielhbratico (Inquifitbr o f Lijhon), who died on the 7th o f March, 1728. , Its Chapter is compofed ò f five Dignitaries, ten Canons, and two Half-Canons, vrith four Quarter ditto, andfeveral Benefices ./ the Dignities are, a Dean, Chanter, Archdeacon, School mailer, and chief Trea-1 ■ furer. ■' \ v

T he other public Buildings, 1 befides the Cathedral and FariiK Churches men­tioned, are, a Houfe o f Mercy, an Hofpital, and feven Convents ; that o f N ojà _ Senhora dùs Martyres, pofiefTed \rj Dominican Friars, built at firft without, and afe terwards-moved to within the Tow n (which was then its Grant), by Favour o f Affanfo III, who gave them the Hermitage o f the fame Name in the Year 1267 ; that o f Nojfa Senhora da Conjbla^aon, o f Dominican Nuns, whole Antiquity Fr. Luis deSoufa counts from thè Year 1528; the.Nuns ofSanta Clàra-, Santa M aria Mag--, dalena, occupied by Pauliji Fn3.es-, the College o f Jefuits ; the Convent artd Hof- pnal o f St.John de D ios; and the Capuchin Friars, o f the Province da Ptedade. >

Am ong the m oil remarkable Things o f this Place, is firfl its famous Aque- du£l j an excellent Piece of Stone-work, beginning at the Situation o f the M ul­berry-tree, which is to the W eil, and runs for the Space o f a Teague, providing the City abundantly with W ater j and in whofe Neighbourhood it rifes fo high, as to acquire three Rows.of Afches, which, befides the great Utility to the Inha­bitants, is a Monument o f vail Expence and Grandeur. - -

T he Men o f this Place have on many Occafions demonitrated: their great V a­lour anti Fidelity, with which they ferved their Princes, efpecially in the Reign; o f John I, when they defended the-City againil the Siege which the K in g o f Cdf- tik laid to it, and made his Army retire: It was again ìnvefted by the Marquis: o f Lorrecujfa, in. the Beginning o f December, 1644, and Reign o f John T V - but/ after a few Days, he retired to Badajoz, without reaping any Fruit o f the Enter- prize. In OStober, 1658, it was, regularly befieged by Don L u tz de Darò, M ar­quis del Carpio, and Earl-Duke o f Olivares, in the M inority o f John V I ; but, the Earl o f Cantanhede marching to its Relief, a Battle was fougkt on the 14th of January, 1659, called, the B a tik -of the. Lines. o f .Elva.ss. when the Spaniards had many Men killed and imprìfoned, and loll all their Artillery, Ammunition, and Baggage. -

Finally, Elvas is the Head o f a DiftriH, and Refidence o f a Corregedor, Pro- veder, and J u iz de Fora. Its. Arms are, a Man on horfeback, armed with a Lance in his right Hand, from which hangs a Banner, with the Spyinas (or royal Arms) : The Conllablelhip q f it is in the Houfe o f the Earls: o f S. Laurealo^

Ohvenca hath its Situation in a delightful Plain, on the other Side o f the River Guadiaw, in Difpania Betica, running from North to South, and at about two long Leagues Distance, to thè South-eaft o f Jurumenhal. N o hcertain Advices, re-r main about the Tim e o f : i t s F omidatiori $ but .although fcm em odefn Authors proclaim it to; be o f great Antiquity, it is 1 not many Years pail that it was a Village belonging to Badajoz," in the fame manner as Cahipp-Major does to Elvas.\ In tlie R eipi o f K ing Dennis, it was a noted Place ; and he was felicitous ,to add it.to his Dominions, as Libali hereafter obferve : T h efa id Prince built its Calile, laying the firft Stone brìi the a q th o f September.; 13 o6y the M ailer o f A v lz 1 concurring, With a third Part o f the Churches Revenues; in this Place, which were in his Prefentation. , / ' / / T / / —.'

The

SP A I N 1 AN d P O R T U G A L .T h e Seigniory o f this Town,- jointly with - tliofe o i Campo-Mayor and Ouguella,

were ceded to the Çfovyn of Portugal, by the Treaty o f Alcanijjes, celebrated on the lüth o f September, 1297, between his Portuguefe Majefty K ing Dentils and Fernando ÎV . o f CaJHlein Éxchange for the Towns of Aracena and Aroche, which Ajfonjo III, K in g Dennis's Father, had given to the Cajiilians.■■ , T h e fpiritual Jurifdidlion o f this Town, Campo-Mayor and Ouguella, belonged anciently;to the Bifhops o f Badajoz, even after their being united by K ing Dennis to thé Crown o f Portugal ; and were not feparated till the Reign o f John I, and then by reafon o f W ar between the two Nations; as alfo happened with tire T er­ri to 17 of, Valença, fubjedt before to the Bifhoprie of Tuy, as the Diftribt o f Riba- Çoa did to tlie Prelate o f Ciudad-Rodrigo: From the lame Time the abovemen- tioned three Tow ns o f Ohvenya, Campo-Mayor, and Ouguella, were governed by

; Âdmiriiilrators, without belonging-to any Diocefe; but Ajfonfo Y . coming to the Throne, and having procured the City p i .Ceuta to be eredtéd into a,Bi-

' lhopricj.by a Brief.from Pope Vugenius IV , thefe Towns were affigned to the new Bilhopric. in the Year 1444, and. continued in this Subjection the Space o f twenty eight Years, tiil 1472, when the faid Prince reftoring to thé Arckbilhops of Braga the Lordihip. of that City and its Royalties, and defirous to recompeni’e Mm for

. the Jurifdidtion o f certain,Rents iti.the new Streets o f Lijbon and the Tow n o f V i anna, which the Archbilhop ceded, to him, he in lieu thereof applied the afore- faid three Towns, feparating them for that Purpofe from the BUhoprie o f Ceuta ; hut as this M ifre was greatly, detrimented by this Separation, he had alligned him in Exchange certain Lands between the Rivers Minbç and Lim a, called the Diftridl of Valmça.

Forty , one Years after the Chair ; of Braga had been in1 PoiTeffion of theie Tow ns, the Archbilhop, D on ÏDiogo de Soufa, obferving tire great Inconvenience that accrued, to the Inhabitants, by tire Obligation, o f having Recourfe to a Pre­late a.t lb-great a Diftance, made an Agreement with D on Fr. Henrique, Bifhop o f Ceuta, tliat thé Dîftriét of Valença fhould come under the Jurifdiétion of the Archbiikops o f Braga-, aird Campo-Mayor., Olivenqa. and Ouguella, revert and be annexed to the Bilhopric o f Ceuta .-' „This Exchange was confirmed by a Brief from Pope Leo X , expedited on the 25th o f June,, 1513, at tlie Inftance of K ing Manoel. Henceforward the Biihops P i Ceuta refided in Qlivença, and had there their epiicopal Palace, Tribunal, and Prifon ; from whence it arofe that fome Maps. diRing milled the faid Place with tlie M ark o f an epifcopal City.

Finally, the City of E h a s being ereited into a Bilhopric, in the Reign of Don SebaJHaon,, and in the Year .1570, thefe Tow ns were again feparated from the Diocefe o f 1 Ceuta (which Sée was then vacant), to form Part o f the Diftrict o f the hew BifhopriC; and there was affigned, by way o f Compenfation to the Bifliop s o f Ceuta, ryoo Cruzados per Annum on the Bilhopric of Algarve <

T h e Archdeaconry o f OHvença. was inftituted in tlie See o f Braga in the Year 14741 when the faid T ow n was fubjedl to this Metropolis ; the Archbilhop, Don, Jorge da Cojba(fécond o f the-Name), united it, in 1492, to the Church o f Santa Cbrijlin4.de Longos, w ith what belonged to it;' For as.the Tow n o î Ohvença was reunited: to the Bilhoprid/of CVvhff, and a f t e r w a r d s palled to that o f Vivas, the

. 1 T itle o f this 1 Dignity became changed for that o f Archdéaéoü ô f Santa ChriJUna♦ -, :Olivencoiis‘ont o f the belt fortified Towns in Alentejo, havihg nine royal Bul­

warks jahd eight Ravelins, which cover the Curtains arid; principal Gates of the . Place: "At fbeHiftarice ô f more than a Muiket-lHbt, facing the South, tliere is

a .Foft* erected ;■ ai few. Years . ago ,. being a detached' Bafrion; with a- Half-M oon that covers-it : Here is a large Caille, with a ’fquare Tow er, thé bell in all tlie: Province ; and whole Âfcçrit. is To eafy^ that any ono may gain- the Sum m it on hoiibh’ack, with great-F ability,. riot witkftandi.rig its uncommon Height j it hath mounted-two large Pieces o f Cannon that commands all the Neighbourhood':

Here

Here áre likeWì'fe'two copió us Fountains.; one at the Bottom of the Bulwark, called da Corna-, and the other at the.Foot of the EJplaimde o f the Ravelin of S\ Prcvicijco, trhis. is the'DeícHption of what this Fortrefs was at,.the 'Beginning o f this Century ; but it hath fhared the N egleóFof its M ailer, land Ìuffered; from Time and Cafuàlties, jointly with the other Fortifications o f the kingdom;

T h e Inhabitants-confili o f 2000 Families, diftributed in two Parifhes 1 that o Í Santa Mar id de Capilo, (which is tile Mother Church) ; and 'that of Santa Md- ria Magdalena, founded by King Mamet. It hath á Houle ò f Mercy,; nil HolpL tal, and a Convent-of Fratidfcan Friars, da Observancia; neat;' to 'the hew Fort, and covered with a Baftion, to whiclv the laid Convent gives ' Name, as-above- mentioned. ' ‘ - -y.-''" - . , I. . ' ' ■ '

One of the moil remarkable Things 'in' thisHiftridt, Was. the Bridge o f Olid. Venya, built over the Rivet- Guadiana, in 'the Reign o f the aforefaid K ing Ma­nosi, which the Spaniardsruined in lh eY ear 164-5:; and ipremaìnèd ih that .Con di- 1 tiOn till the Peace was concluded in 1668, when it was ip a ’little Tim e reedified, and again deftroyed by the lame Enemy in 1709. ;v : y -'ri-'-- ; ' [ - ( ' /.

On the 18th àîdfune, 1648^, the, Marquis of Legannez' attempted1'to , fdrprize the Place ; but, after he. had: gáinedTomé Outwork?, he was valoroufty repulfed : by the G arri ion, commanded by Don Jodan de Meneases. ■ 'In 165,7, w ^. takenby the Troops o f the Duke o f S. German, as the Earl o í S.T.ourenzq could not arrive timely to fuccouf it; and'it was reftòred to Portugal by Treaty, concluded in the Year 1668. ;

For fonie time Olivença' had thè T itle o f an Earldom ,1 created by Mfjmjo V , in Favour o f Rodrigo Affonfq de Mello, who was its firft Earl, and, we may jiiftly fay, its laft : For' his D aughter,. Dohna Filippa ek Mèllo, marrying with Hon Alvaro de Bragama, ofthe-H oufe o f 'Gndaval, and fécond Boh to the moll ferene Duke of B r agença, Ferdinand I. o f , that Name in fit.; none o f his Siicceifoi's úfedthe Title of the Earl o f Olivença, but that o f'th e Earls oîPentugal, MaTqthfTes o f Ferreira, and lailly ‘Dukes o f Gadaval. "" , ■

Bhe Government of this T ow n is com pofedof a Ju ìk de Pora, three Ver ended res, an Efcrivano o f the Chamberí Procurator o f the CounCil, and other M ini-' llers. The Lieutenancy of the Place is 'in' thfe Ploufc o f the Dukes o f Cadaval -, and its Territory comprehends hear 400 Famifiés, ' diftributed In .the fou r Pa-r rifiies of S. Bento da Contenda, S, Domingos, -Jpoffa Se?ilm~a da Affumpcaon, find S .. Jorge de Olor, "

r ■ y ■ ; . . - - . : .Campo-Mayor. ■ This Tow n forms almofí a Triangle-with the. Cities, of. Elvas

and Badajoz y and is leated in a great Plain, à League from the Ribeira. de Paya, which ferves as a Divilion between its Territory: and that o f Elvas, '■ T h e Tim e of its Foundation does not appear; but, in aDonation o f K in g Dennis, on-the

iiwch.Lu- k f l o f December, 1296, it is declared; that the Caillés of Cctmpo-Maydr. and o f A l- T,i !wp.'3+. valade fhould be peopled by the Inhabitants of the-Council.of.Elvas.-, - and, in

this fame Grant, the K in g 1 affi gns it for the Territory o f tho faidGouncii.Campo^Mayor came under the Dominion oiPortugai in- the Year 1297, by virtue

of the Treaty of AlcatììjJ'es,;with the Tow ns.ofOlivençà and Ouguella, as hath .been remarked'in'tile preceding Deici^ptiòhf (Where':.is-'alio-notad .áll7that-belongs to : tlic fpiritual Jurifdiffcion o f them ; But I m ull furtheradd, for! the. greater (II- - luftration of the Hillory, that when King TKw/L iubitqùeà Campo-May or to E l-

. w , !.he was. not ¡yet ..in Pollefiion óf i f by; any Treaty,- (hut ¡¡¿filyz by Right.- o f . Coiiqueft,1 tfie Inhabitants. oFf Elvas' having-gained it -in-tfienforeíaidLYear,r and foon loft it again. ' ' r..■ ; V \ ! rL-F'fi- ■ ..rF on t t\- -.L .-'..Y

In.lefs than four Years afterR ing H wnift T;Acquifit ion foftBieBeigiûoiy;oft this - Place, he granted it to his Sifter the Jn fan ta D orma Branca-, ' O nt he g t h o f July,

^ , ,!iT'17, 13° X ; and, on-her D em ife ,lt appears to -have paffed to Don ... ' ' ' 1 ' ' . ■ ' ' : the

, 48 D I S S K R T A T I O N 8 on

" the faid trincea Natural Soni whòj by his Wife, wäs alfo Lord of Àlbuquertyue i In the Reign of King Fernando, Òuguelìa was aifigned as a Diftriit of -Campo- Mayor ; but King John I, Succeeding to the Crown, diflblved this new Union,: and reftored to Ougmlla the Privileges ofaToWn.

GantpO-Mayor is a: Place o f great Repute, being fortified in the modern Tafte, r With four Bulwarks and five demi Battions ; to the Eaft it hath the Fort of St.

John, at about a M uiket-fhot from the place, which is o n a n Eminence, and. o f 'a fquare Form, with rthreç Bulwarks ; to the W eft ftands another F o it, at a Piftol-fhot Diftance, that; hath a Communication by the covered W ay, and to which they have given tfie Name o f Chamber g : In the Circuit o f the Place, andr for Defence o f the Gates .and fome. Curtains, there are fix Ravelins, o f afuffi- cient Size; in the Fofs, to the eaftward, is a L ak e .of Spring Water, which, with;

1 a fuitable Éxpence, might be fo condufted, as to make m olt ó f fhe Fofiès Aqua- , tics : T h e Situation of the Caftle is very commodious for :a fine Citadel; and,;

; even in the Condition it now is, it may ferve for a good Retreat. tT his Tow n contains 850 Families, in one Farifii, dedicated to ATeffa Senhora

da Afftmpçàori', though, in the Year 1635, there were 1200, according to an Ac^. count then printed o f the Bifhopric o f Efaas. It hath like wile a Houfe o f Mercy, anH ofpital, and two Convents ; tliat o f Santo, Antonio', with Franc ifca n F rm s of the Obfervancia, and Province o f th s AJgarves-, and that pofielTed by the Friars o f S. Joaon de Deos, with the T itle o f the. King's HofpitaL

In the Year 1712, and the Reign of King John V, this Place was inyefted on the 4th of O B über y by the Marquis de Bay , with thirty three Battalions and feventy Squadrons; who the next Day opened the Trenches, and contmued the Siege, to the 2d of November following, when the Spanißr'Xyoop^ all retiredfrom before the Town, after having aftaulted it on thè 27th of the faid Month OStober, in which They loft near 700 Men : In this Time the Spaniards fired againft it 10870 Balls, and threw in 1300 Bombs, The Defence was made by the Marfhäi de Camp, the Earl of BJbetra, who got in after the Siege was formed, accompa­nied by Brigadier 'Thomas da S y h a - f elles, and other Officerst In 173 a, on the 16th of September, early in the Morning, a dreadful Accident; happened here by, Lightning, which fell on the great Tower of the Caftle, wherein was the Maga­zine of Powder, with a large Number of filled Granades and Bombs ; which it fet Fire to, and blew up 835 Houfes, occafioning thereby the Deaths of many Ecclefiaftics, Monaftics, Seculars, Militärs, and other Perforis, both of Nobi­lity and Commonalty; infomuch that of 1076 Houfes,- only 24z remained ftand- ing, and of thefe many damaged.

Correiçaon de Portalegre, <

Comprehends twelve Towns, and the City ok this Name which is the Head of it.. City. . ;

. Portalegre,

, - T ow n s.Alegrete^Alpaffiacn, Arrànçhes, Affamar, Amiss, Caftëîh de Fide, Marmasti, M ea*-

das, Monialvaon, N iza , Povoa, and Vìlla-Flor. - ' 1 -

- There is a great Difference in thefe Towns ; the Lordfhip of Âlegrete, A rrou­ches, Affamar y and Maur, does not belong to Particulars (though they give Titles to feveralj, having been incorporated with the Crown; Poo.}ca,âs\à Meadas apper­tain to the £eigriiory of the Earls de Val de Bey s y and. fome of the others belong to thè Order of Ç hrifii iAmiss and Villa-Flor are different From others of the fame Name.' i : .■

Vol. Ü. * 2 Q_ Pörtakgrjf

JS0 D I S S K R T A T I O N S o nPoríalegre is feated ninfe Leagues to thé North of Efaas, two to the South- ■

eait of Marvaon, and the fame Dittante from Spanip E f remadura, on a little - Hill, extending northerly on its Side. And though theTime.of its Foundation or Founders is unfettled, it was certainly';a flouriíliing City in the Reign of King Dennis, 1 as will be fubfequently related ; In the Latin Writings.of that Age, it * is called Partus Aiacer, and from this Portplegre; though the Original of ita Name Teems* to have proceeded from its Situation. ■ ! ■ ' ’

The Loidfhip of this City, in the Reign of King*Dennis, belonged to his Bfo-, . tlier the Infante Don Afo?ijb: But as a great Difunioh arofe between thefe two Princes,: the former determined to take it by-Force-,, and accordingly fet down, before it, with his. Troops, in May, .12995 and, being a. Place of confiderable.. Strength for thofe Times, he could not become Matter of it till the following Oc­tober, when it capitulated and was annexed to the Crown/ jointly with the Caf- tle of Marvaon-, the King giving the Infante in Exchange the Towns of Cintra and Ouren7, which were of a much greater Importance than thofe Eftates he had: ailiimed. However, knowing the Importance of his Acquilition, he (in order to preferve it) granted to the Inhabitants of P ott alegré the affured Privilege of re­maining always an infeparable Rate of the-royal Patrimony; which; was after- . wards confirmed by the Kings John I. and Ajfonfo V : But after the Intervention of feme Years, in which King Marmi afeended the Throne, he granted this; Seig-;; niory to Diogo da Syfaa.de Menezes, who had been his Preceptor; bufnèither B_a-- niihment nor other various Puniíhménts could influence the Inhabitants to còn- fent to the Alienation, fo the faid Prince was forced to content hiinfelf with Creating tire faid Don Piego Earl and Confiable thereof. ■ ■ ' ' /

Portalegre continued, till the Year 1550, with the Charter only of a Town, when John III. gave it the Privileges of à City ; and it was at the fame time ráifed to an epifcopal Chair, by a Brief from Pope Julius III;.(though fome Authors at­tribute the faid Erection-to. his PredeceiTorPtfa/ III, who died :oip the lóth.of No­vember, 1549) : And for this Purpofe the City wás fepatated from the Biflippriç of Guarda, jointly with, the Towns of Alegrete, Alpalbaon, Arranches, AJfutnar Cafe Ilo de Vide, Chancellaría, Lagomel, M ar gem, Marvaon, Montafaaon, -Niza, Ponte de Sor, Povoa, and Villa-Flor ; befides feveral cither Places of lefs Confc- qnence on the other Side the Pagus, fo that the laid River was made to divide the two Bifhoprics. ¡ r -

The fi lit Biihop ofPortalegre was Don JuUaon de silva'} who greatly cantrip bntéd to the Creation of the new Chair, by the confiderable Iñtereft he hád with" Queen Catherine, Wife to King John III. This Biihop is Suffragan to the Me-: tropolitan of Eaf-Lijbony and his Chapter is compofed of five Dignitaries, feven Canons, and fix Demi-Canon s.

Portalegre is fortified in the antique Talle, and of very little Defence: In its Walls are diihibuted twelve Towers and eight Gates, tifo, that o f Deveza, Pof- tigo, Alegrete, Efaas, Evora, Ejpirito Santo; S. Francifco, and Bifpo.

Lti' It: foiTnei*ly contained 3000 Families, as Fr. Francifco Brandaon relates, who Jîv.17, cap.j4. wrote in the Year 1650, but at prefent,the Number is leffened according to the

exa&eft .Calculations ; thefe are divided, into, fi ve Par jibe s, r foe See, S< Lourenço, S.M artinho, Santa María Magdalena, and Santiago; .-The(Temple which now . ferved for the Cathedral Church is feated. where tile ancient' one o f Nojfa. Senhora. ¿pVqjlelh ftood¿ and was reedified by tifo afiprementiohëdfoihop, Don Jidiaon de Alva, who infilled it, No fa Senhora daAfwnpçâcn, as m:oil o f the Cathedrals in the Kingdom are. The other publie Buildings are,. aH bufe o f iVIercy, an Hof- pifol, and five Convents, reckoning all both within and without the City ; .that ' of S, Francifco, -thé Nuns of S. Bernardo p à f thé Order ipf■ Santa 'Clara, thé College ■

. of Jefuits, wAAdguftins Defcalços, "

Lj 'On

O n the 8fh o f June, 1704, and ill the Reign o f Peter II, this City furrendered tù the.; Arms o f Philip V ; but it foon returned under the Dominion o f its So­vereign.

I t is the Capital o f its D if l i i f f and the.Refidence of a Corregedor ' Provedor, and •Juiz dà Para-: 'Its Territory extends : through, fix Pari ill eg, - wherein, are reckoned; above 800 F atailies. Its Arms ¡are, an Ffcutcheon with- two Towers. '

Afranches. is fitpated aim oft equidiftant from Compo-Mayof a rid Portafcgre, on a little riling,Ground, extending almoft due North., T h e : moil.authejrtic Re­cords, .that we find .o f its Antiquity, mention, .that on-the 7th o f ja m uiryjii^ b, K ing Banc ho II. granted ¡it to .Santa Cruz de Coimbra; from which theChronoio- gift, Fr* Antonio Branâaon, conjectures, that it was but a little before gained’from" tixe Moors,, according to the Cyftom o f thofe Tim es, which, was, to. give.what-

, ever was conquered, from .thofe Infidels to the military Qrders, f or to fome M o- naltery or noted. Church: The fame Author alio refutes the O pinion‘o f thofe who .attribute „the Con qu eft and. G rant hereof to Santa C fu z, .by ApbnfoPÈen- riques; for, in the Records of the faid Prince’s Favours to that Monaflefyj aiRT called the Teftament of tltat Monarch, no Mention is made o f Arroncbes.. A bout twenty eight Years after this Grant o f K ing Sancbb, his .Succeffor, A fi

jonfoAVi, ■ confidering the great Importance of the Tow n from its Situation on: the Frontiers, exchanged the LorAlhip of it with the Prior o f Santa 'Cruz, Don" joaon F ifes, for, the Advowfons or Patronage of,the Churches o f ‘Santa Maria de ÙIndps ,and Santa Maria, do slffumar, jointly with the Inn or Hoftiiiaria o f Poya- rer,.which was effected in the Year 1264.. In the Reign o f ¥Siigpcnriis,\ the In­fante Don Ajfonfo was poflefied of this Seigniory, though not long, as having' djf- gufted the Ring his Brother, the latter,' accompanied by SdncbolV ‘. o f Cafiile Ihutfhim up in the Tow n, and afterwards gave him that o f Armamar in "lieu o f i t f this Exchange’was made in Badajoz, on the 13th o f hpO'uetnler, 1287; arid Arroncbes hath ever finçe remained annexed to the Crown. ',In ,paft AgeS,' great Debates arofe between ¿¡Tronches and Akgrete, about their Territory arid Boun­daries the forrher protected by Don Martin P ires, Prior o f Santa Cruz o f 'Cphti- bra\\ and the latter by Donna Urraca Fehiandes, W idow o f Don "joaon Garcia de Sauf à, Lord o f th e ‘laid T ow n ; but the Difpute was compta fed by Arbitrators, and the Limits fettled in the Year 1254. ' ’ . ' "

Arroncbes was ereCfced into a Marquifete by P a r ’l l , in Favour of Plrnrique de Soufa F adores, third Earl o f Miranda ; to whofeSoh and Succeffor, K in g jéhn V . gave tlie Dukedoiri o f Lafoens, 1 after the Alliance o f his Brother, the molt fe- rene Don Miguel, with the Heir o f the find Houfe.

T ins Tow n confifts o f 360 Families, comprehended m tlie parochial Church o f Nojfa Senhora da Affumpçaon. :. Here is a Hoiife taf Mercy, :ari HoipitalRand a Convent of Hermits de Santo Agbjlinbo, . ... I n thé M inority o f K in g AffbnfoYl, .and in;the Year j 661, this Place was- fur- rendered: to D on John o f Aujlria, who marched, againft it with io,ooo Infantry and 3000 Horfe, as the Fortifications were o f little Defence, and the Garrifon confifted only o f an hundred and odd M ilitia; In 4664, the Cajlitians again quitted it, diffident o f their A bility to preferve it. . I ' p i ' ■ ; ■ -v r' 1 : RtS Government confifts o f ^.juizdeFor.a, 'Veteadoresp Procurador do Cùpcelbo; aiid otlier M in iite fsrln its Territory are; included fix Parilhes, though the biggeit o f them does not contain above fifty Iloufes. C ■ " A ' ■ '

; , | :rl'' 1 ' 1 -J' ‘ Ouvidona do Cralo, -*■ A ■ b

■' Contains twelve Towns ; o f which, Part lie in the Province o f Atentejo, and Part in Fjlremadura: So that fome o f them belong to the Provedoria o f Portait’- gre, and others to that o f Fhdmar, Cralo being thC Plead.' VL ■ 1 T ow n s.

Müitâtdi. Lüj i t . tom, 4-Iiv.14.. rap.i(Si

Idem, tcm. 3. l i ï , to . cap.g.

Chirm. do* R egr. liv, 3. cap.14,

$cntd. Lttfit. iom.i. tnt.±. n p t 14..

. T o w n s. . . .

Amietra, Beher, Cardigos, Cdrvoeiro, Qertana, Crato, Emendas, Si J osor. d efea t fete, Oletroi, Pedrogaon-Peyuem, Proen^a aJSfova, and Tolofa.

Crate is feated three Leagues to the weftward o f Fortakgre, and between four and five from AfcrwiW. Some Geographers would perfuade ,us, that in this Si­tuation flood formerly a City, called Catraleucum, or Catraleucas, mentioned by Ptolemy, and plate it in Luftanta, in the proper Country o f the deltas: They alfo infifl on its having been epifcopal, founding their Opinion on a Firm in the EHberttanean Council, celebrated in 312, when the fecondaryBilhop, in figning,; affumed the Title o f Catraleucenfe. Pedro deLoaifa luppofes Catraleucenfe to be f M iflake in the Copifl, as he does hot find this Name in any other Original ;< but at the fame time that he condemns this as an Error, and fobftitutes Ca/lu-: hnenfe in its room, he ejtpofes himfelf to an equal Cenfure for making the Change without a fufficient Foundation for it : H e affirms, that on the Spot,y now called Cazhna ¡a Vieja, formerly flood the City Cqfiulo j Of which, Secundim was Biihop, and feveral others, who figned in various 'Toledan Councils. „

In cafe o f attributing to Crate fo antique a Foundation, it mufl precifely he allowed, that Catraleucas, mined byfom e unfortunate Accident, was reduced to fo difmal a Condition, as to render it undeferving the Notice o f the ancient H if- - torians of the Kingdom. '

T his Tow n is encompafled with an old W all, in which are two Gates, that o f Alter doCbaon, and that o f do Convento. Its Charter was given it by K in g Ma­nuel,, on the r 5th o f November, 15123 and confifls o f 700 Families in onepariih, with a Vicar, fix Priefts, and a Treafurer. Here is alfo a Houfe o f M ercy, an Hofpital, and a Convent o f Francifean Friars, o f the Province o f the Algarves.

Crato is the Capital o f a Priory, appertaining to the Order o f Malta-, which comprehends in its D iftriit 6000 Families, diftributed in twenty nine Pariihes: O f which the Prior hath a temporal Juriltlidtion, as .well in civil as in criminal Caufes; fie is alfo exempt from an epifcopal one, by apoftolic Indulgences, in- titled, Nullius D iacefs, It a few Years ago belonged to the mbit ferene Infante Don Francifcp, who appointed its Governor or Lieutenant, as may be feen in the Chapter o f military Dignities.

It ferves as a Refidence for an Ouvidor and a J u iz de Fora (the former enter­ing in the Correigam o f the Priory.Lands); and its Territory includes feven Pa* riihes, with 670 Families.

Onvidoria de A v tz,

Extends itfelf to feventeen Towns, o f which that o f this Name is the chief.

Tow ns.Alandroal, Alter-Pedrozo, A v tz , Benavente, BenavtUa, Cabega de Vide, Cahegaon,

Cam, Qtruchc, Figudra, Front d r a, Galveas, Jurumenha, M ora, Noudar, Seda, and Vet ros,

A v tz is fituated on an Eminence, and on a R iver o f the lame Name, making a Triangle with the Towns o f Arrayolos and EJlremoz; in reipedt to which it ftands northwards. It owes its Original to Don Fernaon 'de ¿bines, M ailer o f the Knights of who procuring, with Leave o f K ing AJbnf: II, a Place moreadjacent to the Moor if: Frontiers,, where- to remove the Convent o f his Order,; chofe the Spot on which this Toym is now built ; fo called, either from lbme Waters obferved to fpring on reconnoitring the Place, or flora the great N um ­ber o f Birds bred there: It is certain, that, in the G ift made by his' aforemen­tioned Majefty, it is laid to have the Name, of A v iz, previous tb that Donation

'' ■ ■ ■ " ' ' “made':.

ria C l-

S:t t l : N ' : ' i P - f O K T U q A ' L . ■ i ¿3made to thè Order, Facio Chart am donations $ de Ecco' ìlio, qui vocatur A viz, qui j a -cet, &c* E t concedimiis tati P aA o, quad cajlrum œdificetis & populeiis, &c, _ Appelais dì

The Gift o£ tills Site was made by the King to the aforefatd Matter, on the lait Mwl' Day o f June, i2.ri, with the Conditions, that he fliould build a Caille, and make a Settlement there,, as will appear by the Claufes in the abovcmentioned Deed: Three Years after this Grant, v iz . on the 15th of Anguji^ 1214, the Foundation.1 o f A y iz was bègün, tlie abovenamed Don Eetnaon de Aunes continuing itili Mai­ler of the Order, and nqt Don Fernando Rodrigues M ont eira, as fonie Anthoiu write; which appears plainly in the Confirmation of A lp e d tiz , Alcanhede, and

' Jurum&nha, made by the faid Prince, in .1218, four Years after the Foundation r \yas, commenced, Don Fernando podrigiies Mònteiro iüçcéeded Don Fernpon de A n - AuTiitu jies \ and in his Time The Convent ç îE v o r a was removed to this) Place, when «p*6*- the Caille was finiTied, which1, it is-probable, was the Rcafon that Tome termed,Klin the Crii Mailer q i 'A v i z i more efpecially, as from this. Time the Title of Knights of Plvçra, which, this .Order, hitherto..bore, was. aboliihed. . , ■ .

The Town is inclolRd with an1 old Whlly.m which are four Towers, and fix .Gates, v iz , that of Apjo, I)ebaixo,- E vora, Santo Antonio, . S,Roque, Rndthe.Po/?/gy; formerly there were two Towers,more, which, were the Gates, of Eyara.apd Santo

‘ A F t0 i.^ demoliihed, affet proclaiming) King John' IV, to'build the two Forts that,arb now in thole Gates: A large extram uraiSxibw b extends itfelf noithward, in which are the three Streets o f , the Pideiras, Meyo, and that o fth e M erc adores.

This Place contains 342 Families, comprehended in.one Parifii ; Whofe Church, is dedicated to Nojfn Senhora da Orada, and occupies the highett Partpf the Town: l i hath a Prior and five Benefici ados (who are Friars of the Order), befides one more, wbo jointly therewith is Superior of the Convent. .

; The Convent of Nojja. Senhora âaAJJumpqdon is the principal Building here;ÏJead 0f t Ho Order, and the Refidence ofthe grand Prior : It is eredfed near the Gate A njo, but without, the Walls, and is inhabited by. twenty feven Friars (the Hum her limited by the Statutes) ; among which is the clauftral Superior, who. governs in the Abfenee of the grand Prior; and here is. likewife a Judge of the Territories o f the Order:. O f the. twenty feven, eleven have whole Ratios, 'and . the remaining fixteen only half Ratios.

The other Edifices are a Houfe of Mercy alid ail Hofpital. Anciently the Pa­lace of the .Matters ftpod in this Town, between rthe Homage. Tower and the Con­vent ; and both were, the Work of the Matter Dòn Pedro, Conttable of Portugal, and calledfby, the Catalans, King of Aragon, being Son to the Infante DonfW rc.

[ A v i z A the Capital of the Order .of this Name (which will be treated o f among tfie other;Orders) ; .it is likewife lb.of B ad Ó u v i d o r i .theflatter’s Territories, gnd the Refidence of the Ouvidor and of a J u i z de Fora, tliough it belongs to the F rove dori a of E vora . . Its particular Government conlitts o f three Pereadores, a Procurator of the Council, Fficrivaon of the Chamber, Judge of the Orphans, and other Minifters : lien; arc likewife a Capitaon nAr, Sergent inêr of the Dif- tri£l, and another of the Place; /with three.CoinpanievS of the one Sort of Mi­litia, and one of the other Sort. . ) ■ , . j ,

.. '. The Territory of yRTs; extends feven Leagues from F.aft to.Wrett, and five . from Hoith.to South,, comprehending the Village of Cafa Franca and fcveral Pa- rifiies ; which, as well as die’parochial Church.pi the.’ faid. Village, arc all Cu­racies '.belonging to the Order. ÎV-v ,) '■ .T.-Tri.-T v" / y ) V

■i’ri'd■ An ;-.V

 2 R ‘ C II A P.

* 54 D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

C H A P . XIII.

A D ejcrip tio n o f th e K ingdom o f ,K lgarve.

H IS Kingdom borders northerly on the Province of Alentejo (from Which it ^ isfeparated by the Mountains of Caldeiraon and Moncbique) ; to the Eaft on

the Province Of Andahfut (from which it is divided by the IsfvezT Guadiana) ; and: the South and W eft Parts are bounded by CxtAtlantic Ocean. , On its meridional Coaft are fèen the Bays of Lagos, Faro, and Favira, running from W eft to Eaft; and its two Coafts form an Angle nt CaptSt.VthceH t, called anciently the facred. Promontory, hi ;the Latitude o f 3 6 .Degrees and 55 Minhtes, and 9 Degrees and 10 Minutes Longitude, counting from- the Meridian of:the ljk:de Ferro, y Geo­graphers commonly reckon it twenty feven to-twenty eight. Leagues long from'. Eaft: to Weft, ând between five and fix wide from South to North. T h e Ñame o f Algarve is generally attributed to the Moors, as unknown in Spain before their Entrance into thefe Provinces : Some derive if 'from certain Arabic W ords, fig-

, nifying a plain and fertile Country; others take the Etyrhology from a W ord, in­terpreted the Weft.

T h e Name o f Algarve was anciently extended tò a much larger T ra it o f Coun­try than at ptefent, comprehending all the Coaft from Cape St. Vincent to the City o f Almería in the Kingdom o f Granada, and taking -in all the Lands in Africa that fronted-thefe Dominions: T h e Name is now reftrained to the finali Extent juft mentioned; for although, among the Titles o f the Spqnif Monarchs, Mention is yet made of the Algarves o f Algéztraj a City feated in the Streights of Gibraltar, the T itle of Algezira limits the Signifitatiofi o f'th e faid Name, and only refpeits the ancient Geography o f Spain, after beginning to fiiake off the MoorijhYoke. . ,

T h e Royalty o f Algarve lawfully belonged to the Cròwiì Of Portugal from the firft founding the Kingdom; but as the Kings o f Cajlile and Leon attempted to appropriate tills Dominion," Í filali endeavour to fhew the Gróúnds the Portu- gitefe had to fupport the PoiTeifiori: And, among many other Reaibnkf the fub- fequent ones prefent themfelves. Firft, Becaufe, that' in the Donation by A f-

fonjb VI. to the Conde Dori Henrique M ention'is not made o f the Lands beyond the Guadiana, neither were the Cónquefts in any Manner ; limited : Becaufe, thenceforward the Kings of Portugal, as well' aS'thofe o f Aeon, endeavoured to free thofe Lands from the Moorijb Subjection, which were Frontiers1 to their Eftates, or that promifed the greateft Utility to their Dominions f arid, ' under fuch Views, the Conqueft o f Algarve feenied very convenient to the Portuguefe : Becaufe, with this PrepoflefGon, King Sancho, the firft: o f the Ñ ah ie/arid. the-:fé­cond in thé Set vicé o f th è f u f f arti c Mpnafchs',; conquered th'e City f i f y Ives in rilgarve in the Year r 188 ; to which lie added^iii the.fohówting Year, ' the Re- ftoration of many other Lands: Becaufe, : from this T im e th e; faid Prince af­in med the Title o f King o fAlgarve,' as appears 'by nlany , ancient W ritings, eipe- .cially in a Gift he made tò the Mórtaftery of Grifo'o n t h e y tli 'o f fitly , 1190; whofe Original is kept in the T òw ef ùi-Fombo, '.arid ih ¡which, he 'ihtifles himfelf,

■ Sana us, D e tfra ciâ , Poriugajliœ & Algàrbji R e fi though ìt muft bé corifeíTed,.. that, he afterwards abftained from the Title, prrloiing:again- the Coriqúefts hé had made in that Kingdom: Becaufe, riot only-His SuBjeétkackriòwretig'ed^him-

for

S PA I N AND P O' R T U G A L. 1 5 5for K in g thereof, but alfo Strangers gave him the Title ; and among thefe, fe- veral Princes o f Spain, as thofe of Aragon and Leon, in ¿T reaty of Peace, m en­tioned by Jerony'riió Zurita : Becaufe that Affonfo II, in Proof o f their being , no

' Lim its in his Conqnefts, not oqly paffed the River Guadiana, and took.the Tow ns o f Serpa and Mottra, but he penetrated Andalujia, and returned with

.great Booty : Becaufe in his Reign, the City of T avira, and feVeral other Parts o f Algarve, were gain edln the Year 1142, which he granted tothe Q rd erof San­tiago and its M ailer, as may be feen in the Confirmation-Bull of Innotent TV ;

: which is an irrefragable.Teílim oñy o f his being abfolute Lord, of thofe Terri­tories ; Finally, Becaule K in g ,Affonjb III, profecuting thè commenced Cpn- quefts, gained the City o f Faro from the Moots, and at lati reílored the whole

' Kingdom from their Subjection. 'O n this Footing thè Portuguèfe Monarchs were, in regard to the Dominion o f

Algarve, when FSmg Affo? f o l i . (Son o í F t. Fernando) reigning in Caffi le, declared - W a r agamit the laft mentioned Prince, Affonfo III. of Portugal, in the Year 12,52,

about;the Poifeffion of that Kingdom ; founding his Pretenfìons.tò it, either Momrdi.Lti from a Ceffi on of King Faiicho II, who; feme time before, had retired to.Toledo^

' or from the.Jealoufy o f a growing Power in a neighbouring Prince; or, finally, in a Renunciation made him by Ab?n M<ffb, or Aben Afán (defpoiled o f Algarve by K in g Affonfo) in Exchange fon the Earldom o f Niebla.

T h is W ar lilted till the Year 1253, when, by Agreement between the belli­gerent Princes,ghe King o f Caff i le remained JJjufrudtuarp o f Algarve during Life, and, - to the. Crown o f Portugal,, the Royalty and .Property thereof ; effecting, at the fame time, a Marriage between the Queen Donna B rills,, Daughter to A ff

fonjb the Wife, and Affonfo III, In 1263, another Contradi was .made between- the faid Princes, in which the K ing o f Caff He releafed the Ufufri0 us,_ on Condi­tion th at the King of Portugal fliould, during Life, affili him with, fifty Lances, to be paid at his Colt : This Compofition lafted till the Year r2Óó, when the In­fante D on ID ennis (though o f a tender Age) went voluntarily to Seville, to fuc- cour his Grandfather, then under great Straits by a new Invado n frond the Moùrs ; in Recompence for winch Affiitance, far exceeding the. aforpfaid Obli­gation, it was annulled, and the C ontrail o f the fifty Lances cancelled. H ow­ever, the Kings o f Caffik continued- to difquiet Portugal on account o f this Pof- feffion ; for in the Reign of K ing Dennis, K ing Sancho reaffumed the T itle o f K ing d f Algarve ; but the Difpute was foon fettled, as lié déíiítedJ from F lsT re- tenfions thereto. • ' ' " 1 1

From the preceding Memorials, very plainly appears the R ight which the Por- tuguefe Monarchs always had to the Kingdom o f Algarve- ; and will alfo demon- itrate how incorredt. the Information o f Tome Authors is, .who affert its having been,- given in Dowry to K ing Affonfo III, as lie was poffefféd o f "the E ll áte pre­vious to his treating of thefrforefaid, Matrimony. '■ " '

It now remains that I Inform my Reader, that although the Caff ¿lian Princes arrogated th e T itl e o f S o vereign s ' o f Algarve, this is n e tto be undefftoodof that

■ Algarve appertaining io Portugal, ‘but Of the Goaft which'runs. from the Earldom of Niebla to the City à i Alm ena, comprehending Leverai T raits i a Andalujia and 1

■ Granada; which formerly went under that Denomination; as'was aliò given fo that Eart o f África.; Frontier o f Spain, i nt he V oi fin age o f theStreighls,w Iiere - : are feated the Cities o f Ceuta and I'angkr, with the Kingdom o f Fez, as . before-

: 'Ifr r GCAI 'frC CCfr A i ALGA IS. . Ip . is ; in., virtue .of thefé Pretnifes, t jiáfrthe Kings. pf. Portugal , intitle. tiiem-

- ielves, Reys_ do: Algarves, ddquem,_ e dffem Mar em f f f f c a f Rmgs of the AÌgàgvps.' on this and that Side tlie Sea in ^ h c < jj ; as thc^,hot only pofièdèd. the truc.//i- gurory .which is a Part o f thc fflgarves, dáptíem (or but., they had, affo

C . . . , UJKjgr

1 5 <5 D I S S E RT A T I O N S on

under their Dominion tlie Cities of Ceuta and ^ g « r , . a n d many other Lands in the Territory o f the Algarve^ dalem M ar, in A frica, :

T h e Fertility. o f this Kingdom, befides W in^ Oil and Com , with which it abounds, conflits in the prodigious Quantity o f fome Spits o f Fruit, fuch as Raifins, but rtore particularly Figs' and Almonds j o f which many Cargoes ate yearly exported fo f the neighbouring Countries, and more for the N orth : The Tunny Fiihery on the Coaft vyas form erlyvery corifiderable *' 'and.yhougb.it la flnee diminiihed, i t yet continues to be a very lucrative and beneficial Employ»

T h e Kingdom conflits o f four Cities, twelve-To wri?;, arid fixty V illages; o f which fome are fo rich and populous, as to deferve a Charter : Thhpities; are,

‘ - ' Faro, Lagos, Syfaes, and “Tavir'a.O f which. Faro is now an épi fc opal Seat j ûxulhagos was till lately the Refidence o f the Captain-General, now changed for l'avira. \ i V

T o w n s.. ' ■ "d , ■Albuferia, Âljefur-, Cacella, :Loulè, Padetne, ÀîcoutitnJ Alvar, Gaflromarin, , O de

Seine, Sagres, Vt Ha - Nova doBifpo, Villd-JSfoyo-de Parti moon: Alccutim is alfo rec­koned among1 the Towns, as it itaftds in the Biihopric a ï Algarve, though com­prehended in the Diitridt o f B fa m Alentejo Pademe is likewife here called a T ow n , notwitliitanding fome Accounts deferibe i t only as. a Village ; for it was a fortified Town, with a Caftle, in the Year 1305, as appears from a Donation, re­ferred to by the Author o f the Sixth P art o f the Monarchist Lufitana^Pag .So. Col. 1 , in'which King jDemiis gives (oi} the ift o f "January in that Year) the Caille arid T ow n of Paderne to Don Lourenço.Ajfûnjb ; arid to1 this1 may ■ be: added, that P#- derne (according to various Memorials) is one o f the Towns reprèfented in the feven Caillés that furroundthe Arms o f P o rtu g a lin the follow ing1 Order - E f- tombar, Pademe, Aljefuf, Albufeira, Cacella, Sagres, Gajlrotnarin.

It is divided into three Jurifdi£rions or Diitridtsj o f which,- Lagos and Favira art Correipens, as belonging to the Crown j and Faro is anOwuidariq, o f which, the Queens o f Portugal are Donors, and.this likewife includes the City oîSyhes.

T h e Number o f the, Inhabitants o f Algarve amount to 21,^42 F ir s , with 70,436 Souls'that communicate. . ■ .

Coreicaon de Lagos, '■ ' ■ l - ■ ’ -

Comprehends ope City, leven Towns, and various Villages.; having Lflgos forits Capital. ........... ; 1

City. .■_ ........... .. . Lagos. . ; ■ '/ t-;; .

. . . r ..., Towns. / ; . t/ . ) ,Albufeira, Aljezur, O de Seine,, Padernef, Sagres, Villa do Bifpo, and Villarlfova

de Portimaon. .. Villages. . .

Alfontes da Guia, AJmadena, Balcpira, Barqofi deB.Jqftofa Baraon de S. Miguel, Bemfafim~JOebai.no, Bordeira, BudensK Gctr.rapateira, Dtaxere, Graihos,. Marmekte, Quartetra, Hopozara, Lorre, . and. Val de Boy. In forpe Accounts likewife the Name of a Villagers given to a few fcattered Country-ho ufes ; near ¿< 7^ , com­monly called the Farralta. ■; ; ■■ x f p f j - . ;) Mb/ , X; t

'■ Lagos is feated on the meridional Coafl o f Algarve, at fix Leagues Dillaiice frorn Cape Stt Vincent, in 3 7 Degrees' of'Latitude^ arid p Degrees and 3 S'Alinutes ■ Longitude. Its Bay is covered from the ‘north, norih-weft? aiid w ^ -ririrth-w elt Winds, capable;of' containitig large Fleets, withla very' go0d DarbriUf beforeithe City, in which are feven or eight Fathom o f W ater, tinder the” Artillery of- the Fortrefs. In the five Leagues that lie between this Place and Sagreij although

the

S P A I N A N t ) P O R T U G A L .the Coaft is moftly rocky, there are notwithstanding fome Strands o f Saudi which are defended by the following Forts, viz. Noja Senior a da Guta, Santo Ig­nacio do Ajtvtal, V ira Cruz de Figueira, S. L u ìz de Ahnadena, and Nejfa Senior a da L u z.

It is the Opinion of Refende, and other learned Antiquarians, that the City of Lagos is founded on the very Spot that the famous Lacobriga anciently occu­pied, o f which, Ptolemy and the Itinerary o f Antoninus Pius make Mention ; and it is fuppofed to have been a Colony of Carthaginians, built above three hun­dred Years before thé Birth o f our Saviour. In .Procefs o f Tim e it fell into Ruins, and was reduced to a finali Village o f little Note, retaining for many Ages the Privileges only o f a T o w n ; King’ SebajUan reftored it to its ancient D ignity, by granting it a City's Charter, at a Tim e when it was irido fed with a good W all, had a Caille called Pinhaon (of which I iliall prefently fay fometFling m ore), and its celebrated Aqueduds, built by Order of K ing Mamet.

T h e Fortification of the Place is irregular, made fo by following the Situa­tion of the Ground; It is coittpofed of nine im peded Bulwarks, girt tógether on the Land Side; and o f five Redoubts, towards the River (which takes the Name o f the Place), and forms in its M outh a little Port, with feven or eight Fathom W ater (as I have before obferved), defended by the Fort Bandetra, a mo­dem W ork, and well furniihed with Artillery : A t the Diitance o f a large Muf- ket-ihot, to tile weftward, is the Fortrefs o f Pinhaon, on an elevated Situation, in Form o f a Peninfuia, with Batteries above and below to defend the Bay, which the Sea there makes with the Point daPiedade (on which there is another Bat­tery), and tile Point do Carvoeifo, on which a Fort is ereded.

T his City had the Preeminence for a long Tim e o f being the Relidence of the fiipreme Officer of Algarve (now moved to Favira), under various Denomina­tions ; which originally was that o f Annadel, as appears by an Older o f K ing Fernando, dated the 2d o f April, 1415, wrote on Parchment, and kept in the Chamber o f Lagos : In Tim e the T itle was changed from Annadel to Fronteiro' mory and the firit o f which Mention is made, belonging to the Kingdom of A l­garve, is on the 2d o f December, 1460, when the Inhabitants o f Lagos complained to the Cortes (or Parliament) of Evora, that the Fronteiro mar intermeddled with the particular Government of the T ow n ; which is Hkewife proved from ano­ther Parchment, preferved in the faid Chamber,

T h e firft Tim e that the Title of Governor o f Algarve is met with, was in the Beginning o f the Reign o f Philip I, from whence is inferred that it was his In- ftitution ; and the firit Governor, mentioned in the Books of the Mifericordia o f Lagos, is Martim Correa da Sylva, in the Year 1581. T he Regimen o f thefe G o­vernors was given, in 1596, to Ruy Lourenyo de Favor a \ and it was increafed af­terwards, in the Year 1624, when foaon Furtado de Mendoça was fent to govern tins Kingdom, with the Obligation to refide either at Lagos or Favira.

This City contains 801 Fires, with 2872 Communicants, diflributed in twd Pàrìihes ; O f which the firft ÏS the Mother Church o f Santa Maria, feafed to the South, at a little Diitance from the W alls ; it is very ancient, and was enlarged in 1480, and had a Prior and four Benefices created in it : The other Church is that o f S. Sebajiiaon, feated northward, and was formerly called the Conceiçaon ; but on rebuilding it,' m the Reign of John II, it was dedicated to S. Sebajiiaon, as Proteftor and Advocate againil the Plagiie, which at that Tim e afflicted the Kingdom ; the Biihop, D on Affbnfo de Cafello~Bra?ico, ordained ill it à Prior and two Benefices, to which D o n feronymo Barreto added a third:

Here are four Convents, viz. Capuchins daPiedade, founded in the Year 1518, by the Biihop Don Fernando Coutinho, With the T itle o f Ft offa Senbora do Loreto, Which was afterwards remoted to its prefent Situation, and dedicated to S.Pram cifco in 1560; that of da Fri ni da de, founded in the Year 1599, by Favour of Ruy

V om i i . * a S Lou-

5 » D I S S E R T A T I ON S onLourento de Tavora, then Governor o f that Kingdom, die Mejfineftes granting to this Order an Hermitage they had, dedicated to Nojfa Senhora do Forto Salvo, built ever fmcc the Year 1553 ; Nofta Seaborn da Coned coon, o f N u n s Carmelite cafya- das> founded in 1 954, in the Place where there was an Hermitage o f the fame Dedication; and SN/oaon de Dcos, with an Hofpital, rebuilt in the Year 1696, Ayres de Saldatiha being Governor of Algarve, on the fame Spot where another flood, dedicated to S.Pedro.

T h e City G o vern m en t confifts o f three Vereadores, a Procurator o f the Coun­cil, and other Mini Hers: it ferves as a Reiidence to the Corregedor o f the Dif- tricl, and a Ju iz de Fora.

Villa-Nova de Portimaon. This Place Hands two Leagues to die eaftward o f Lagos and Alvor, on the Brink of a River; which, after watering Sylves, defeends two Leagues lower, and forms a large and fecure Port to this. T o w n ; though a Pilot’s AfEiftance is neceilary to enter it, as its Bar* hath lome mutable Banks o f Sand, and die Tides arc very different; as. at high Water and Spring-tides, the Depth is twenty three Palms, and ten at low Water. This Popt is half a League long; and, being three Fathom deep, is capable o f containing two hundred VelTels; but in the two Leagues between it and Sylves, only Boats can navigate: Its Entrance is defended by two Forts; the onjb to the weftward, called Santa Cft- tharina, with a Battery to the Sea, and two Bulwarks on.the Land Side; the other at a Muiket-fhot from die Bar, eaftward, named S. Jqaon, with, a Battery above, and another below.

T h e Foundation o f this Tow n is attributed to fotnp particular Men, who be­gun it in die Year 1463, and in die Reign pf Affbnfo Y ; the principal o f which was named Portimaon, which was joined to Villa-Nova, to diftinguifli it from others with the fame Appellation.

T he firft Lord this Place had, was Gonyalo Vaz de Cajlello-Branco (by Favour o f the abovementioned Prince Affbnfo V .), who ferved as Secretary da Puridade His Son, Don Marti?ibo dc Cajlelh-Branco, was made die firfi; Earl o f Villa-Nova, by King Manod; and in Procefs o f Tim e the Honour entered the Houfe o f Lan- cafter, by the Marriage of Donpa Magdalena de Vllhena, with D on Pedro de Lan- caftro, fecond Earl of Figudro, Grandfather o f another D on Pedro de Lane afro, who lately poffeffed the Earldom.

It is fortified al antic, with a Barbican and Fort to the R ivet: It is feated on a plain Piece of Ground, widi well-planned and ftrait Streets, which terminate in two Suburbs, one to thp River, and the other to die Land.

This Town confifts o f 487 Fires, with 1721 Communicants, comprehended in one Parifh, dedicated to Nofta Seaborn da Coaecicqm: It has a Houfe o f Mercy, an H ofpital; and a Convent of Capuchins da Piedade, built in the Year 154 1; in diat Suburb lying landward, there is alio a College o f Jeftuigs, whofe FoundaT tion was in the Year 1660.

It is the Refidence of a ffutz de Fora; and its particular Government confifts o f three Vereadorcs, Efcrivano o f the Chamber, and .other Minifters.

Correigaon de ftavira.

■ This Corrdpaon contains one City, three Towns, and fifteen V illages; Which acknowledge ffavira for its Head. 1 '--1 . ■ ; . j ■;

City. . ' ■ ' '' 'Pavlra. '' ■ A-

. Towns. ; ■ ; ; . , r-. , ■ ;Gaftromarim, Cacella, Louie. ' ■ ■ .m r

Villages,

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L .Villages.

Alte, Ametxial, A]or, Ajinhal, Bencfim, Benfafim de Ci'ma, Boliqueime, Cachopo, Gioer.s, Martina Longo, Moncarapacho, 0 Delate, Per Pro, Sehr, Vaqmiros*

iTavira is ieated in a Bay of the fame Name, five Leagues from the City of Fhrp, and four from Ay a monte, that Lands to the North-weft, on the other Side the Guadiana; It lies in 37 Degrees and 4 Minutes of northern Latitude, and 10 Degrees and 42 Minutes of we item Longitude. Its Bar hath no great Depth o f W ater, has l'evcra] Turnings, and fubjcbt to be moved and changed every Year; though the Fort hath four or five Fathom, and is defended by two Forts, well provided with Cannon. Some Authors fay, that the Situation o f 'Tavira is one o f the moil agreeable in the Kingdom, as it is fur rounded with Gardens and Or­chards, and divided by a Liver into oriental and occidental (though on unequal G roun d): But 1 mud airier from them, as feveral Places leemed to me better to merit that Eulogy than this City; though indeed but few Beauties are to be found in any of thefe Farts in Horticulture; fo that many agreeable Situations lie unimproved, which would be rendered charming in another Country, where Tafte and Money more abounds, A fine Bridge joins the two Parts o f the City together, wliich is inclofed by an old W all, o f equal Birth with its Caftle, which Lands in the old Town, on the higheft Part o f it, and was rebuilt in the Year 1292, by K in g Dennis; T he Sea flows a League above tire City, between wliich and Faro are many Illands, with various little Streigbts.

T h e Antiquarian, Andre de Refen de, conjectures, that Tavira is the ancient Balfa, o f which, Pompom us, Pliny, Ptolemy, and the Itinerary o f Antoninus Pius, make Mention: But not to enlarge on the Uncertainty o f this Opinion, or Tim e o f its Foundation, I ihall only obferve its having undergone the fame Misfortune as the other Places of Algarve, by the Moors Entrance into Spain; until Don Payo Peres Correa, in the Year 1242, delivered it from this Captivity, being then only Common da dor o f Alcacer-do Sal (a Place lo called) in the Reign o f Sancho II. Its firft Charter was from AJfonfo i l l , in the Year 1266, at the fame time that he .granted thofe to Louie, Faro, and Syives: And in this manner (only with the Pri­vilege o f a Tow n) it continued till the Reign o f K ing Manoel, who raifed it to the Preeminence o f a C ity ; as he did to Elvas, Beja, and Funchal in the Ifland o f Madeira; its Charter bearing Date the 16th of May, 15 20, confirmed by King John III. on the ioth.of November, 1525.

T h e Royalty o f Tavira was given by K ing Sancho II, on the 9th o f January, 1244, to the Order of Santiago, that is, two Years after its Conqueit, In Acknow­ledgment o f the Knights Behaviour on that Occafion: This Donation was con­firmed by a Bull o f Pope Innocent IV, expedited on the 8th of September', 1245; which is an irrefragable Proof that the Kings o f Portugal, preceding Ajfonfo III, were Seigniors o f the Royalty o f Algarve. Some time after this Prince, dubious o f the Validity o f the Grant, and a Conteft ariling about it between him and the Order, it was fettled, on the 7th of January, 1272, by competent Arbitra­tors, that the temporal Lordihip belonged to his Majeflry, and the Patronage o f the Churches to- the Order, with Heritage o f Gomeira, and; others; -fo that Don Payo remained governing 'the Churehes by his Friars, which the K ing at prefent reprelents as grand Mailer. • -

T his City contains 1563 Fires, confiiting o f 5444'Souls or Communicants, diilributed in-two-Parifhes : W hich are that o f Santa'Mari a; palling fonthe M o­ther Church (although with great Altercation from th a t o f Santiago-), -which is compofed of 3493 Souls; in-it are a Prior, with two Friars, benefited-Curates, and four ftmple ones, o f which one appertains alfo to the- Order: - T h e other o f Santiago (whofe Patronage-was the GMi- o i Ajfonfo III. in the Year' 1270, at Ever a, being then a Pariih to the1 Biihop- Don F r. Bartkokmeu, -his Chaplain

and Phyfician) hath a Prior and three Benefices, containing 1951 Communi­

cants. t t 'Here is a Houfe of Mercy, begun in 1541 ; and an Hofpital, which received

the Denomination from Ajfonfo V, in the Year 1571, as it before was called an Inn from 1425. Here are alfo five Convents, viz. that o f Francfcan Friars, which is the oldeit in the Place, having been built by K ing Dennis, in the Year 1279, for the templars, who poffeiTed it till the Year 1312, in which the Order was abo- lifhed; it afterwards paiTed to the clauitral Francifcans, and from them to the Obfervantes, in the Reign o f King Manvel, according to a B iie f o f Pope Leo X, bearing Date the 15th o f June, 1517; it is faid originally to have been a Cellar o f the Moors : T h e Nuns o f S. Bernardo, extramural; iuppofed by fome to have been the Work o f King Manoel, though, in the Catalogue o f the Bifhops o f A l­garve, it is attributed to the Biihop Don Fernando Coutinbo, who, for tins Pur- pofe, fent his Sifters to Lenoir a, with the T itle o f Founders, who governed it fuc- celfively for many Years to 1520, and lie buried by the Step o f the Choir - many give it the Name of Santa Clara’s Convent, as it was built by tire Nuns o f that Order ; it enjoys feveral Chapels, that were annexed to it on the Expuliion o f the Claujlrah o f S, Francfco, out o f which Income they pay fome Penfions to the Friars Obfervantes: That o f the Faulijls, o f the Congregation o f Serra de Ojfa, called de Nojfa Senloora da Ajuda, which was begun in Val Fermofo, in the Reign o f Ajfonfo V , by fome Hermits; to whom this Prince gave, on the 1 ith o f Novem­ber,. 144$, the fame Privileges that the Inhabitants o f Serra deOJfa obtained; but their Succelfors, not content with that Situation, removed into the City in the Year 1606; in that o f 1630, Hiogo Pinheiro left them a large Piece o f Ground to amplify their Convent’s W orks, and they have accordingly finilhed a moft fumptuous Church, equalled but by few in Algarve: T h at o f Nojfa Senhora da Graf a, of Auguftin Hermits, begun by Fr. Pedro o f Villa-Vtfofa in the Year 1542, retreating from the Prafa de Aamor, which K ing John III, had enlarged ; others afleit, that the true Year o f its Foundation was in 1569, though the Arrival o f its Founder was in that aforementioned, and that his firft Habitation was in a Synagogue, which he converted into a Church, and dedicated it as above: T h at o f the Capuchins, o f the Province da Piedade; who, having refided in another Part of the City, at a Place given them by Antonio Peres in the Year 1607, they exchanged it for their prelent Situation, at the Inftance o f Biihop D on Fernando Manias Mafiarenhas, who contributed a great deal to the new W ork, as Hen­ri que Correa da Syha (Alcaide mar), and its Patron, alfo did; it preferves the T itle o f Nojfa Senhora da Ejperanfa, from an Hermitage which flood there be­fore.

The Territory o f tavlra extends fix Leagues towards the Mountain adjoining to Alcmtim, two to Cacella, and between two and three towards Faro. It con­tains five Pariihes, o f which four are annexed to that o f Santiago (within the City), and the other to the military Order o f the fame Saint; being diftinguifhed as follow s: Nojfa Senhora da Cancelfaon, diftant a League eaft ward, being a Priory o f the Order o f Santiago, with 232 Fires, and 727 Communicants 1. Nojfa Senhora da L u z lies at a League’s Diftance to the W eft ( whofe Church exceeds in Archi- teflure aft in the Bilhopric), with 157 Fires, or 490 Souls that communicate: Santa Fjlavaon Hands between the W eft and North, remote a League, w ith 140 Fires, and 510 Communicants: Santa Catbarina da Fonte do. Bifpo, ly in g at two Leagues Diftance, W eft and North, as the laft, though a little more inclined to the firft; it contains 389 Fires, with 1259 who receive the Communion: Nojfa Senhora. da Graf a, o f Moncarapacho, two Leagues from "tavira, with 585 Fires, compoied of 2081 that communicate.

tavira is the Head of a D rftnft, Seat o f a Cornet faon, and Refiden.ee o f a J u iz de Fora. It hath for Arms, a Ship and a Bridge* r,

t 6o D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

Louie

Louie ftaiids t\VoiLeagues: to the Norths weft of Farò, in a pleafant Plain, de­fended by an old Wall, and Calile. Many allert its O iiginal to have emerged out o f thè Ruids^of'the ancient City o f dfrrteira, feated near the Sea, between bufet r a and -Farà, on a’ Rivet Which ftill prefer ves the1 fame Ñame, and o f which, at low Water, there ftill appears fonie Vejliges. It was. a Place of fonie Note be­fore tile Moots Irtvaiioti ; but they left it fo ruinated, that Affbnjb III. was forced to1 Order its being répéopléd, -and granted it' the fame Charter as taTàvira, Faro; and Sylves. In the Reign o f Affonfo V, it was eretfted into an Earldom, in Fa­vour of Deft Henri que de Metiese*, Son to D on Durate dé Metieses, Earl o f Vi anna ;

1 and at this Tim e its W alls wefe rebuilt; it afterwards palled to the Earls of Ma- rialza, but was very foon remcorpofated ili' tiro Crown : It is a Commcndam o f the Order of Santiago, o f which, Lopo Furtado de Mendoça, Earl o î Rio Grande,

. wás Gofnmendador.T h is1 Tow n contains 1514 Fires, with- 4921 Communicants, in only one Pa­

n ili, dedicated to S\ Clemente, which hath a Prior, a beneficed Cútate o f the Order o f Santiago, befides four otlier Benefices in the Bilhop’s Prefentatjon. It hath a Houfe of Mercy, and an Hofpital richly endowed, befides the following Con­vents, viz. T he Hermits o f S.AugujUn, built originally for the Templars, who polîeilëd it till the Year of their Diflolution, 1312; it afterwards palled to rile Gaufrais, arid from them tò the Ftartcifcan Obfervantes, until the Year 1380, when the Cardinal-King g a Ve it to \hti Augufins : The Capuchins, o f the Province da Piedade, founded in 1546, by Nunó Rodrigues Barreto ; in which the Friars' continued till the Year 1692, when they removed to their prefent Quarters, with the Referve o f the ancient Inclofure : The Augujlin defcalços, founded in tile fif­teenth Century: Here is like wife, a Retirement for honeft poor Women, founded by a devout Prieft, named Father Jotion de Aguiar ; in which they remained- till the Year 169S, when they were removed to the Situation o f the Church Èfpirito ' Santo, which the Chamber had given; in 17 11 , Pope Clement XI. granted them, by a Brief, Leave to profefs in the Habit o f the Conception, which they liad al­ways wore.

T h é jurifdidtion oí Louie extends to the fubfequent Places: Boli que ime, two Leagues frodi the Town, with 543 Fires, and 1Ó92 Communicants; Alte, a t ' three Leagues, with 448 Fires, and 1545 that receive the Communion; S.Sebaf- tìapn de Salir, at two Leagues, with 465 Fires, and 1552 Souls ; ^ uerença, at other, two. Leagues, with 224 Fires', and 827 Communicants; Santo Antonio, do Machia!,.at five Leagues, with 192 Fires, and 290 Souls; Snntp EJievaon do Ca- chopor_at fix Leagues, with 332 Fires,- and 885 Communicants.

. I t has a Vote and Seat in the Cortes, and is the Refidence of a J u iz de Fora: Its partieulai* Government conlifts o f three Percadores, a Procurador o í the Coun­cil, Efcrivaon o f the Chamber, and other Officers*

Alcoutim. Í fhall here treat of this T ow n ; for, befides. its being compre­hended in the Bifhopric o f Algarve, and contiguous to the Territory of Tavira, it formerly belonged' .to this D iftfift, although if "at prefent appertains to the Olivi dori a o Í.Beja in Alehtejoi It i$ feated, at five Leagues ;.to the North oiCaf- tromarini, ore a Ground, ' fronting i>, Lücar dà Guadianq,with'1''its Calile andInciòfure of W aUYinfthe antigüe.Táíle : K ing Dennis Order eft tt To be peopled ili 'the Year 1304 • and granted it the fame Charter as lie did to the City of Evera] ' making a G ift' o f it to the Order o f Santiago. . In this T ow n the' Pence was ' fettled between Fernando o i Portugal, and Httiirique II / o f Cafri le, by the M e-. diati On"òf an apoltolical Legate, ir^the' Yeah 137 i , V Kinf Marne f, granting it' new Privileges in the Year i 52c, iaiftd it tó àmE:irldohif in . Favour" o fth e eldeft; Son oí the Marquis o f Villa-Real ; and it now- appertains, or did' i’ome few Years ago, to the Inf ah t è D on Frati eijbo~, with many' other Lands,''

VÒY/IL * - # 2 h - which

which compofe the Infantado Eftate, having the City o f Beja for its Ca« pitai.

j It is the laft Tow n in that Part o f the Kingdom o f Algarve, which confines w ith Aida lufa and with Alentejo; and, a little above it, the River Vafcaon M s into íhe Guadiana, which divides the laid Kingdom from the Plain o f Ouriqnet From Akoutim to.Martim-longo (going from E aft to W eft), is not above four Leagues, three t oPereiro, and two to Gioensy and 'both thefe Villages ftand half a League from the aforementioned River Vafcaon. [

Alcoutim is inhabited by 3Ó4 Fires, with 1,148 Communicants, in one Pariih, dedicated to S, Salvador, in the Prefentation o f the Bfihop o í Algarve, though it formerly was a Priory of the Order o f Santiago.

Orni dori a de Faro.

This O umidori a or Diftridt comprehends two Cities,, which are, Faro and^/u« ; the Tow n of A kor, and feveral Villages, according, to the following Lifts.

Villages , appertaining to Faro : Efoy, S.B raz , S.Bartholomeu do Peraon, Santa Barbara de Nexc, Qucljcz, S. foaon da Venda, N , S. da Conceiqdon, Olbaon, Parte de Moncarapacbo.

Villages belonging to Sykes: Alcantarilha, Alferce, Cafaes, Lagoa, Lameria, Me- cbilboeira grande, Monchique, Pedra negra, Ptcalto, Porches veibo, S. Bartholomew de Mejfnes, Santa Mar gar Ida, AJdea Ruyva, Algos, Efombar, Lainarofa, Loubite, Me- cbilboeria da Carr eg, Odi loca, Pera, Porches novo, S, Antonio dq Armaqaon, S. Mar­cos Ferragudo, Pala,

Faro is feated in the Latitude of 36 : 58, and Longitude 10 : 22, five Leagues from Favira, and a little more than Four from Forte da fuarteira, which ftand s in Front o f Cape Saint Mary's-, the Bar lies to the eaftward of the City, from which it is a League and a half diftant; its Entrance is very narrow, with many Shelves to the fouthward o f it, which are fubjedt to alter, according, as the W inds and Tides aftedt them. The River leading to the City, hath many Turnings and Windings, with little Depth of W ater; fo that VeiTels which draw much, are' obliged to Unload Part o f their Cargo in Boats before they can come up to the Key, which a Ship o f two hundred Tons in no fhape can.: W hen the Tide is out, a great Number o f little Ifies appeal-, which the Flood iudes ; and both above and below the City are feveral Corn-M ills along thè Shore, with their refpedtiveDams, which grind a Sufficiency of Meal for tlie Inhabitants Supply. The Bar is de­fended by a Caftle, mounting fix "or eight Guns ; and oppofite to it ftands an­other, built originally a little-Way from the Sea, which has fince fo gained on the Land hereabouts, as to encircle the Fort, and fo to imdermine it, as to leave it lbmc Time linee deferted and finking into Ruins, as its Brother will, i f , not timely repaired and taken Care of : W hich I have Reafon to fuppofe w ill be. the Cafe, under Count Lippes Diredtion, as he a few Years ago fent a'very complete Engineer, to inipedt all tlie Fortifications in Portugal, who., in confequence o f his Commiffion, took this in his Route; where I had the Pléafure to fee feveral o f his well-executed Plans, o f thofe he/had examined, and to learn from him; the miferable Condition1 they were, generally ip (with ..the Exception o f Lome very few), which, i f not fpeedily attended tò, he laid, mull: tèrmi hate in their total. Defolation. Befides .the, above m ehtio ned, prime ip al' Bar, (there are two or three others, which only ferve lor.Bòafy;,- and ’even whilft l was therè;, the‘8ea opened ' one of a corifidefable Length, by which thelnfKennen. paired, being, like .the other finali .one's, a nearer C u t to the City.' " ' '"'i'' 1V" ' V ' •

■ Faro is fituated in .a Plain lying along tlie- Rivet, and lo lo w ;, that'the Plaqa mor_ (or great Square) is frequently overflowed at Spring-tides. TjThis damp.Si-

- 7 f ' 1 V ' ' - tuation

S P A I N a n n P O R T U G A L. 163ffarionexpofesdhe Inhabitants to Agues; whereas had it been built on the up­per Grounds (moftly Gravel), that like a Theatre turround it, it would un­doubtedly háve conduced to Health, and afforded a moil delightful Profpedt;T h e immediate.adjoining Country is moftly Heath; though, at a iinall Dif- tance, the Soil is good, and both pleafantly and profitably interfperied with Gardens.: T lie moil certain and earlíeb Account wc have of this Place, is, that it was

gained from the Moors in the Year- 1 249, and in the Reign o f King Ajfonfo I I I ;.and tills Conqueb was fuecceded (in the fame Year) by that of AILmfeira and .Louie: Faro was then a noted Plape; and, as fome Autliors will have it, was founded, either by .the Greeks (though from very -flight Conjectures) ; or was a MooriJ/j W ork, as the Materials o f the W ails and Cable (the inner T ow n then F> called) would readily perfuade any one to believe, the.Mortar being bill fo compadl and l'olid, that it even equals or exceeds the Hardnefs of an ordinary.Stone, which Manner o f Building was peculiar to tht Africans. A t die Tim e of its Conqueb, it was well fortified and bored, by t he Facility with which the M i­ra m a molim (or Emperor) o f Morocco had to fupply and fuccour it; but being be- fieged by Land and Sea, it capitulated and iurrendered to King AJfonfj, who per- fonally engaged in the Enterprize: After tfic Expiration or at mob fe venteen Years, that is, in the Year 1266, the faid Prince gave it a Charter, as he did to fevcral other Places in Algarve; and it fo continued till the Reign o f John III, who,-honoured it with the Dignity and Privileges of a City.

Faro now enjoys not only the-Preeminence o f a City, but that o f an epifcopal one, by trahflating the Chair from Syhrn here, as this had before been moved from OJfonoba there: Ever fince the Reign of King John III, and the Epifcopate o f Dop Manuel de Soufa, a Brief was foil cited, for this Purpofe, but could not then be obtained; nor was the Attempt more fuccefsfully repeated in thefubfe- quent Bilhop’s Time (Don John de Mello), by the Oppofition o f the'Clergy, Se­nate, and Nobility of Syfaes: But on the illuftrious Prelate Don Jeronymo Gforids coming to the Government of that Diocefe, in the Year 15ó4, he renewed the In- bances for, and obtained the Translation, which was finally concluded before the Year 1580, in which he died, in the Month o f Augujl; as appears (among other Memorials) by an authenticated Proviiion of the faid Prelate, by the which (in virtue of a Brief from the Pope) he changed the Cathedral o f Syhe$ into a parochial Church, and ebabliihed the prefent Dignity in Faro,

The Catalogue o f Bi(hops in thefe three Sees mob authentic, makes Mention o f nine in OJfonoba, from Bifhop Vicente to Agrippo, who flourished during the 15th Council of Lo ledo, celebrated in. the Year* 688, In Sylves are reckoned - twenty eight, from Don Nicholas, appointed by King Sancho I, to Don Jenny mo Oforio., in.whofe Tim e the epifcopal Dignity was removed from that City to Faro; where, from the faid Prelate to the prefent reigning one in 1766, have been fourteen, making in all fifty one.

In the Year* 1596, on the 2 5 tit o f July, Don Ruy Lorenzo de Favor a being G o­vernor (afterwards Viceroy of India), and Don Fernando Martins Majcarenhas (one o f the m ob celebrated Prelates of this Cathedral), Bifhop of Algarve, the Engli/l\ being then. at W ar .with the Portuguefe,(hacked and burned Faro, the,. Churches p f StrPeter and de Mifericordia only eic aping the Calam ity.. This City was, formerly reckoned to:contaba 1469 Fires (or.Hearths); . computed at 4240 Souls o f Comrpunion, divided in two Parifhes, viz, that o f -the Cathedral, with io 17 Soil's, and that o f & . PtYrr, with 2223. - . ' , !

This Chapter confifts o f feven Dignitaries, viz. a Dean, Archdeacon, Chan­ter, chief Tfeafuter, Schoqlmaber, Archdeacon o i l'avira, and Archdeacon o f Lagos; twelve Canons; ;fix Demi-Cánons, and fen 'fyartdnarios orlBenejkiados, four of which are Capitulars. , . ■ , , .

i: C ' ' The

D I S S E R T A T I O N S onT h e other Edifices are, the Houfe o f Mtferitordia, an Hofpital, and four Con­

vents, viz. that o f St. Francis, Obfervantes, built for the Capucbtns ofPiety in the Year 1529; who exchanged it, hy the Year 1541, for that o f the Objetivantes of Villa-Nova dePortimûûn (which was then building) in the Reign of Kqng John III, in òrdet to their taking on them the Government o f the Capuchin Nuns o f that City, from which they however excufed themfelves : T hat o f the Nuns o f Santa Clara, founded by Queen Catharine, W ife o f the lait mentioned Monarch, in the Year 1527, with the Invocation of the AJfinnptiôn ; - in which Situation there was before a Receptacle for Women, compofed of a Community o f very honourable and devout Perfons - the firft Founders of this Convent came from that o f the Mother of God hi Lijbmi: T he Jefuits College (joining eafterly to the new W all, where there are itiU fomc Remains o f the old one, called las Valias), begun by. the Bifhop Don Fernando Mattine Mafcarenhás, in the Year 16.02: T he Convent o f Capuchin Friars, o f the Piety, dedicated to Santo Antonio, joining northerly to the aforementioned Vallas j o f which, the firft Stone was laid'by the Bifhop John Càutìnho, On the i 5th of Odio ber, .1620. There was like wile in this City a Houfe o f Retirement for noble Damfels, founded by the Bifhop Francifco Barreto, clofe to thé Church o f Mtfiricordta ; but thefe were afterwards moved to another, buiít for then! at Louie,

T h e Royalty o f Faro hath belonged to the Queens o f Portugal, jointly with, that ò f Sylva, ever fin ce the Reign o f K ing John II. Here is a pretty Trade ear­ned on with the Salt made, and Tunny Fidi caught and exported befides thé various Fruits o f Almonds, Figs, Ràifins, Cork, Cane, Shu mac, Lemons, and Oranges. It is the ftèfidencé o f an Ouvìdor (òr Judge) o f the Queen’s Lands and Demedies, who, by an efpeciál Privilege, is likewife Prove dor-, the faid Lands remaining exempt from thé‘ JüfÍfdi£tíón of the general Provedoria o f the K ing­dom, and the territorial ones o f Lagos and Favira : Here is a Juftice (from whom Appeals lie to thé Ouvidor) ■ a Governor, Captain-major, Sergeant-major (com­manding the twb different Sorts o f Militia) ; Judge_of the C ultomhoufe, Receiver" o f the Cuftoms, Prove dor o f the Magazines, and Health òr Pfdttic M ailer. The City Arras are, our Lady of the Conception, between two Towers.

This c ity ’s JurifdidHon: extends oversight Pariih.es, v iz . iff, T h at o f the Con­ception, half a League diftant, towards thé North, having 95 Lires, with 32^" Communicants. 2. Eftoy, a League"northward, w ith the Invocation o f St. Mar­tin- it has 535 Fires, ahd 1833 Perfons that communicate. 3. S t.P raz de Æ - portel, two Leagues from the City, and ohe from Eftoy, with 704 Fires, and 2552 Sbtils, 4. St. John de Venda, lying the Diftaiice of' a League North-weft from Faro, inhabited by 250 Perfons, with 85 Fires, 5. St.Barbara de Nèxe, about a Mile tbwards St.John de Vencía, northerly, with 3.63 Fires, and 1253 Perfons. 6. Oihaon, a League eaftwardly, which was feparated from Ifuelfez, and hath 403 Fites, with 1388 Sbtils. 7. Pexaon (o rPafftan), a League alfo to the eaftward, dedicated to S. Bartholmeu,.hzvmg 116 Fires, and 367 Communicants. 8. St. Sebaftiàn de fueìfez, two Leágues eáftwárdíy, with 166 Fires, and 416 commu­nicating Perfohs.

This Territory comprehends a finali Fait, o f Moncatapacho -, the other, with tile Chamber and its Government* belonging to tlié Juriídiétion o f Favira.

By the great LaithqUâkèi which happened bri the iff o f November, 1755, this'. City was cohfídérahly daíñÜgéd, and íliared .tíie Fáte of mofi others in Portugal, by the Defolatjon which that Event brtiught ‘ with it. A ll the public Buildings fuffered more or lefs, and whole Streets were converted into a Heap ofR u b b jfh ; which itili affords an affecting Scéne to a Breáfi not mfehfìblé to .thé Mi fériés o f others : For though tile Capuchin Convent, .and ínáiiy HoUfeshhd. other Fa­brics, aré rebuilt oi‘ fepaitedj thé Bifhop’s Palacé rèedifying and enlar'ging . (though irregular, and quite -but of T afte) * yet filch a Number b f the fgUen

Edifices

S P A I N a nd P O R T U G A L.Edifices frill remain in the defolate Condition that the Shock left them, inter- fperfed with the new-raifed Habitations, as feemingly rcprefents the Pi&ure o f human L ife chequered with Black and W hite, or Fortuned Wheel, which with one W hirl changes the Face of Tilings, and turns them topfy turvy. O f the Francifcan Convent, and St. Peters Church, only a few Shattered W alls are left {landing; and I imagine this will be the Fate for feme Tim e of the firm er, which tauft owe its Repairs to Charity; and though the latter may not be quite lo long delayed, having feme Rents to forward it, yet the W ork ieems to go on with a Lentor, that does not exprefs any great.Hafte in its Conclufion. T h e Capuchin Nuns could not all efcape unhurt, as three or four of them were buried in the Ruins of their Convent; the others got out and letired to the Houles of their Relations; till one could be provided for them (which was at a Garden), wheie. they remained reclufe, whilfr their Dwelling was repaired, and returned to it again after about feven Years Alienee. The Jefuits College fuframed its Shave in tile common Calamity, as a Part of it was thrown dow n; bu t this would rea-. dily have been refitted, had.not his mo ft Faithful Majcfty banifhed that Order from the Kingdom, and left the Houle as an Emblem o f its Mailer's proltrate Condition. A large Congregation were aflembled to hearM afs m the Church o f

Capuchins, which was celebrating when the Earthquake began; and the Doors being large, and then open, every one endeavoured an Efcape from the threaten­ing Ganger; but before they could effect it, a great Shock fhut them to, and, loofening the Frame of the Roof, it fell down, and made a Grave for about two hundred of the Aifembly.

T he ancient City of Offomba was (bated where Ejtoy now ftands, known before the Conqueft o f the Romans; and not in the Place of Ejlombar, as feme Authors have erroneoufly believed. This City frouriihed for many Ages, being the prin­cipal one in all the Province;, and'where, it is faid, EJiquius, a Difciple o f Saint James Major, preached and planted the G ofpel: But with the Entrance here o f the Moors, in the Year 713 , this Place fuffered a total Ruin;

It was an epifcopal C ity; and although the Tim e o f its being made fo does not appear, it is certain it had its Prelates in the Beginning o f the fourth Cen­tury. Some Antiquarians, who pretend to have moft exactly ferutiriized this Hifrory, reduce the Number of its Bifhpps to nine, commencing with Don Vi­cente, who, in the Year 324, ¿(lifted at the Council of Iiiberi, an ancient City o f Ejpaftha Betica, St. Syhejler being Pope, and Con/lantine the Great Emperor: T o Mm followed Ithacio, Pedro, Gregorio, Batumiw, Exarm, Pluciano, Belito, and Agrippo; o f Which feme perfonally, and others by their Deputies, were prefent in feveral Councils o f ’Toledo and Zaragojd.

T h e Dignity having continued almoft four hundred Years in OJfonoba, the Se­ries o f its Bifhops finally ceafed, by the Moors Invafion o f Algarve; and the Gap made thereby continued for more than five Centuries, till K ing Sancho I. con­quered the City o f Syhes, and eftablifhed therein the epifcopal Chair, which O f fbnoba enjoyed before its Ruin.

It is apparent that EJloy now occupies Part o f the Spot where Offomba formerly flood, as well from the Veftiges or. Traces that as yet. remain there, o f feme magnificent ancient Edifices;. among which are the Ruins o f ' a Temple built with Ericks, and in many Places covered with M ofaic-w ork; as from the R e­mains o f Baths., Aqueducts, Sepulchres, Pieces of Columns, &c, found in this Place: Here is alfo a very antique Tower frill fubfifring, at a little Difrance from the Temple abovementioned; and, to corroborate this Conjedbire, many Stones are yet feen in Faro, with Infcriptions that prove them to be Roman: And, ,as this City is more modem, it is reafenable to conclude, that they were taken out o f the Ruins of OJfonoba, and carried to Faro, which their Vici-

Vol, II. 2 U nity

* A cco rn t of rfmaikjble Pinoci, io, P^Ì9-

röÖnity will alfe contribute to confirm; Mr/y//, Rhys * gives us the following ohé:

IMP. CAES. r . LlClNIO.. VALËRî aNO-R. P. AVG.

PONT. MAX. P. P. TR. POT. 1 III. COS'. R E T . OSSÛN. , . .

EX.'ÜECRËTÔ. ORD, DEVOT,NVMlN.ïf MAIESTAT. "

OS. EIVS.'D . D.

Selves lies four Leagues homLagôs,tm àtçnitoiiiCàpe St. Vincent) to the North- eaft: It is watered by a pretty’coiifiderable River, that, at two Leagues to tire South-Weft, paiTes by Villa-Nova de Portimaon, to loie itfelf m tire . Séa., Some Geographers date the Building of tlrlé City previous to the Coming o f the Car­thaginians to Spain-, but, in Refutation of this fuppofed Antiquity, no.certaift Memorials o f Syhes have been handed down to ùs, that mention any thing o f i f before the Year 10605 in Which, conformable to fome Caflilian Hiftorians, i f was conquered by Ring Ferdinand the Great from, the Moors, though it foon re- tUrhed Under their Dominion. In theTeär iT88, i t again changed Matters ; be­ing takeiv after a two Month's Siege, by King Sancho f, aided by a powerful Navy o f feveral northern Nations, going then to the Conqueft o f Pakfiinc: It remained’ M t three Years in the Hands o f the Chriftians 5 ’being, in 1 191, reconquered by the Emperor o f Morocco, to which the Calamities that then opprefied Portugal contributed, by preventing its late M ailer from recurring timely to its Succour;' and it continued under the Moorifi Government, till it'was reilored, with' many1 other principal Places, to( K ing Sancbo II, in the Year 1242, by the Commendador Don Payo Peres Correa, afterwards grand M ailer o f the Order o f Santiago.

Syhes retains the Prerogative o f having been an epifcopal City, which was procured it by K ing Sancho I, on his conquering it, and transferred the See to this new Church, that had formerly been in OJonoba, as is before obferved. Syl- ves, raifed to this Dignity in 118S, had for Its fir ft Biihop Don Nicholas, ruling. Canon of Santa Cruz de Coimbra, and ConfeiTor to Ills faid Majefty ; though he enjoyed the Honour but a little while, being deprived of it by the City’s return­ing to theMoortß] Obedience, as above exprefled: W hen the Portuguefc again pof- feifed it, the epifcopal Dignity was here reftored ; and Don Fr. Robert, o f the Order of Preachers, appointed to fill the Chair, by K ing Alfonfo 111 . in 1254. From this Prelate, the Catalogue o f Bfthops continue uninterrupted till the G o­vernment of the famous Don Jeronymo Ofirio ; in whofe Tim e the Chair was trans­ferred to Paro, before the Year 1580, in which he died at Y avira, having com­menced to govern this Church in 1564.

In the Defcription of Faro, I have mentioned a Lift o f the Prelates, as well o f that, new Church, as oCOßmoba and Syhes ; fo I fhali content myfelf at prefent with relating the Words o f a Gift o f K ing Alfonfo III, wrote in Praiie o f the Church of Syhes, and noted in the Catalogue o f the Bifhops of Algarve, an­nexed to the fyhodical Co'nftitùtions of Biihop Francis Barreto, in the Year 1674; which Words are as follows, Ibi Cathedrakm noßram Sylvenfem Fcdefiam in Algar- bio fit am, que ah antiquo famofijfima, & ditijfnha rutilahat: Though it is to be ob- fetved, that Ills Majefty does not Only ipeak o f the epifcopal Chair then eftabiiihed in Syhes, but of that which was anciently fettled in Ojfomba -, otherwife the A11- tiquity, Splendor and Riches, that he attributes in thoTê Words to the latter, Would licit be verified, a$ it wàs not complète an hundred Years fince K ing San­cbo I, founded the faid Cathédral. But, returning to tire political State o f the City o f Syhes, K ing Alfonfo HI. gave it its Charter in the Month oîAugufi, 1266 (Don Garcia being then Biihop), arid déclarés it to be the fame as that to the Inhabitants of Pifbon ; King Ferdinand granted it very còhiiderabìé Privileges, when Hé Was at Qnihbra in the Year 141b. The Royalty o f this City appertains

to

D I S S È R T A T I Ô N S o k '

S P A I # m ffc b i ® ft. # tr 't? A JL. • i t y

to tlie Queens o f Portugal (as mentioned in the Defcription of Faro) ever fince the Reign o f K in g John I I ; and is fubjeft, with all its Dift rifts, to the Quvtdor o f Faro.

T h e City itfelf contains, in*o)ie Pariih, 586 ffrtcs.and 1948 Communicants j the Church is dedicated to Santa Maria, and was formerly the Cathedral. It has a Horde de Majoricordia t an Holpital, a Convent of tire Order Ferceira de S. Fran-

which they tpoft EoiTeffipn; in ihe Year - r6 2a * having been ceded to them three Years before by.t he. Friars da Fro vine t a da piedade , for whom the Biff lop

iirrty B; ■ Tlie Arm s' oFthe City me a Crownj h y aTieldi MrgenJ - . .- .- ty / v v ty '.V ■ , v 'd ^ .v . '-« \

ft he Jurifdiftion of Sjhes is as "extend ve hi I have deferibed it.hr tire Article o f Faro, where are feparately noted me Villages-’appertaining'-'to ■ each C ity} among whofe Number are fome as full as populous as feveral Tow ns in other Provinces b

And fome Places in Algarve, thatf are now Villages, were fa truer! y fortified T ow n s; as 'SaIirK Jerragiido] JtrmllFa, ^cf/emaming an Eniblenf o f the iftietuat- iri£,;under thin Condition of all'iublundry EilabhllrmentgV '' ‘ h

F.

' v i K; ■ t."j-. . 1 ■/e i.’.i.

C FI A P.

i 6 $ D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

C H A P * XIV*

A L ift o f the Governors and Captains- General that have been o f the Kingdom o f Algarve, W ith a Catalogue o f the Latitudes and Longitudes o f the Cities and principal Towns in Portugal.

i * R F I M Correa da Syha, who begun it in the Y ear 1581.2. ^ * Don Duarte deMenezes, Conde de Farouea^bo was Governor o f Fangier.3. Fernaon da Syha, who had been Ambaflador to the Court o f Cajlile.4. Fernaon Fellcs de Menezes.5. Ruy Lturonzo de Favora, afterwards Viceroy o f India,6. D on Dingo de Menezes, Earl o f Ericeira.7 . D011 Manoel de Lencafiro, Son to the Duke o f Aveiro.8. D on Joacn de Cajlro, who had been Prefident o f the Chamber o f Lijbon*9. Don Luis Fhome, Son to the aforefaid, who governed by Election o f the

Chambers o f this Kingdom, as there was no Proprietor.10. DonAjfonfo deNoronha, afterwards Viceroy o f India.1 1. D on Pedro Manoel, afterwards Earl o f Atalaya.12. Joaon Furtado de Mendoza, who had done confiderable Service in. India*13. Don L uiz de Soufa, Earl o f Prado, and who was Governor o f BraJU.14. Don Gonyah Coutinbo, who was Governor o f Mazagam.15. Henrique Correa da Syha, Son to the firft Governor o f this Kingdom, Vea-

dor o f King John IV ’s Revenue.16. Don Vafco Mafcarmhas, Earl of Obidos, and afterwards military Governor o f

the Province o f Alentejo.17. Martim Ajfonfo de Mello, Earl o f S.Lourenqo.18. Nuno de Mendoza, Earl o f Val de Keys, as die Earl o f Obidos did not return to

this Government.19. Don Vafco Mafcarenhas, Earl o f Obidos, afterwards Viceroy o f Fidia.20. Francifco de Mello, Monteiro mar of the Kingdom, who had been Ambafiador

in France.21. Nuno de Mendoza, Earl o f Val de Keys, who governed upwards o f feven Years. 22* Martim Correa da Syha, Grandfon to the firft Governor, and which he had

been o f Mazagaon and the Tower o f S.Juliaon.23. Don L u iz de Almeida, Earl o f Auintes.24. Nuno de Mendoza, Earl o f Val de Keys, who had been Governor o f this K ing­

dom, and afterwards Veador o f the Revenue.25. Nuno da Cunha de A t aide, Earl of Pontevel, who had been Camp-mafter-ge-

neral in the Province o f Minbo.26. Simaon Correa da Syha, Earl o f Caftanhe'tra,27. D ouA wk da Sylveira, Earl o f Sarzedas.28. Don Francifco L u iz da Gama, Marquis of Niza.29. Ayres de Saldanka, who had been Governor o f Angola.30. Don Fernando Mafcarenhas, Marquis o f Fronteira; who, befides other mili-

litary Polls, was one of the Counfellors o f State to K in g fehn V , Veador o fthe

S P A I N a x I) I>OR T L1 G A L. 169. the Revenue, Prefident o f the Tribunal o f the Defmbargo do Pago, and

chief Mayordomo to Queen Mariana o f Anjlria.3 1. D on Antonio de Almeida, Earl o f Aviates.32. Don Joaon deLencqjlre, who' had been Governor o f ASigoI'a and Bahia,33. ■ Don Manoel yofepb de CajlropE afl of-Monfantop fince Marquis o f Cafcaes, o f

‘ the Council1 o f W ar, had been. Governor of the Tow er a i Belem, and Gen­tleman o f the Bedchamber to King

34. Marti?ia AniOnio dffonjo d s M e lb j Bylva, Earl o f S^Lourengo, _35. In Default o f a rehcUng Governor, Melchor da Cojia Correa Rebello, Sargent0

mbr de Batalba, govemed.it fome Years.. .36. t)on.Rodrigo. de Cajlr.d belles & Menezes, E a r lo f Unbaon, Deputy, or Keprefeiir

.. vttve-in.th&AiTembly o fth e threeStates/and-Gentleman-of the Bedcham*-

.. her to King-Joim V* - • -

'A Catalogue of- the Latitudes and -Longitudes of the Cities and „ .. . principal Tjm nsjfi Portugal..............

' Places. . Latitude.' - Longitude.;.............. Deg. "Min; Deg; * Min..Braga, — — - — — 4 1 ■ " 3 9 - ■ -i - - - - IO H-Guimaraenr;- - - 41 ■* 3 4 - .. 26' AmaraMe, - - - - - 4 i .. 2$ .. 42L ilia de Conde, - ’ ' - " - " - 4I 24 - ■ - - - - ~ 9 -• 5 5Barcellos, - - - 41 .. 36 - - - 10 - 3Lfpofende, " - ' - ' - " - “ - ■ A- ” ..34 - J . A '9 •* 5 5

‘Viannd, - - ^ 4I 4 4 - : - 9 „ 52-Ponte de Lima, - - - 41 5 ° - ‘ - - - - - ^ - 1 0 5'Camiriha, ‘ - - - " 4 1 56 -■Villa-Nerua da Cerveifa, - - 4 2 ... — • ■ - ■ - - - - - - 9 .. 56Valenya, - - - - 42 s i - 10 ■ * 5Monyam, - - - - - 42 .. 6 - ~ 10 - 19Melgaqo, - - - - - 4 2 * 3 v . .3 2

Montalegre, - - - - - 41 *■ s 5 - -' - - - ' - - 10 ••■ 58■ Chaves, - - - - - - 41 ■■ 5 i - - - _ _ - - 11 .. 20Villa-Real, - - - - - 41 19 - _ - - - - 11 .. 2Lorre ’de Moncbrvo, - - .; 36Mogadouro, - - - - - 4 i - 417 - - . - - - - - 11 5 5

Miranda, ' - - ■ - 4 i 25 - - ■ - ’ - 12 .. 2$BragamaL - ' - —’ - 41 46" -■ - _ - 12 - 7Monfot'te de Rio L ivfe, - - 4 'i 5 ° _ - - - - - II " A SMirandella, - - - ~ f l . . 2 1 - “ - II - 3°

Porto, - - - - - 4 r ..‘ 11 - - - - - - 9 ■■ 5 8- Petra, ' - 4 ° .. 56 - „ ™

Ovar, 40 ■■ 5 4 : - - 4 4 - 9 ■■ 5 3Lamego, - - 4 1 . -- 5 i

y^e* da Pefqueita, - .. . 4 1 ... 2 - - - - - - - - II .. 16Almeida, - - - - - - 40 - 3 2 - - II 4 4Alfayates, - 1 - - - . 40 ... 10 - - 3 sSabugal, -* - - - 40 ... II, ; -

Caftrodairc, - ■ - - . - 4 ° ■ *-5 2 - 4D

V o t. II, Vifcu,* 2 X

-iÿo ; D I S S £ RT A T I O N S on sPlaces/ r Latitude. ■' i’1' ! - - ‘ '■ :V /Longitude/

Deg. ■ Mit)*- ; ■ v ■ : . ■ ücg. Min.Vifeu, - - - - " - 40 -» 3 6 - 7.. - .'7; 10 4 ÍPrancoßi -, - - * - 40 ,- 3 5 7 - - .-i- . ;r — - 11 !■“ l 7Pinhel, - - ** -* 40 ,” 3 7 - r* "■ II l". 3 &Oliveira do Candé, - - ’ - 40 ,■■ 27 - . - - .7 '-i - 7- -; .10 - 3 5Coimbra, - - - - .> - 40 ... ï 6 - , - - - l:-r 10' 7Aveìro, - - ’ ■ - - >■ 38 - ;. ” “ - - - - '.. ‘ i 9 '»'■ 4 9Buarcos, - - - - -■ 40 .* 13 - ' 7 - - - !; - 9 •* 40Aïigeja, - - ■ - . - : 40 :• 43 - .••,5.3Catanheàe, - 1 '.r-- >J-4o >• ^ 30Pentugal, - - - -* - " 40 17 - - - - - - - 9 .. 57Montemèro Velbo, - - ' ~ 40 .. i l 1 - - > - *■ ■ - 9 .. 52lÀnhares, -• ~ - - - - 40 .. 27 • - - — ■ . 11 12

G u a rd a , - - - - 22i - v - ; ~ * 11 25Celorico, *• * - - - - 40 ,, 30 - - - - - 11 . 17l'CoRjîlbam, - - - - - 40 >. 13 , - - - - - - - 11 13P enantacor, - - - - - , 4 ° ** “ 77 "■ 7 ■ - n 26

ManfaniO, - - - - 39 54 ' ~ ~ - - - - - - n . 30ïd a n h a a N o v a , - - - - 39 *• 46 - * - - - , - . - - ,11 26Caftellobranco, - - - 39 .. 44 - - - - - - - - 11 L 2Aérantes, - - - 39 **' 24 - 1 - - 10 .. 22

- - - - - - 39 - 47 - - - -7 - ’ - - 9 -i 36Pederneira, - - - - - 39 .. 4 6 ; - ** - - - - - - 9 ... 11Alcabala, - - - - - - 39 .. 42 - - - - - - ' 9 .. .17

Öurem, - - - - 39 43 7 - - , - 9 A $ o

Phomar, - - - 39 .. 40Feniche, - - 39 2 9Porres-Vedras, ' - - - ' - 39 xo'Cintra, - - - - - 38 -..54Cüfcaes, - - - - - - 38 ,, 49Lifioa, - - - - - - 38 48Villa-Franca, - - - - 39 1

Àlemquer, - Santarem, -Porres-Novas,Golegana, -

Cezimbra, - - - - 38 .. 2 7 9 6SetmeaV,' - - - - - 38 „ 2 8 . - - .....- - - ' V 9 .. . 'Palmella, - - - - 38 .. 31 - - - - - - _ - - 9 „ 21Æmada, - - - - - - 38 .. 44 — ■. ■' --. - - '■ - . - ' - 9 ,, j .jBenaventa, - - - - -■ 39 .. — - - ~ 9 ...4 4

P or talegre, - - - - - 3 9 .,*■ 8 - ' - • - ¿ - • u . . 6

■■Montahaon, - - - - - 3 0 „ 2 8 . 1 1 . / 4

* & » , - 39 - =3 - - - - - - - - „ 3Caftello de Vide, - - - - 39 i j - 1 _r - 10 .. j8P raioj " - - - 39 .. 9 - ro .. ij4

- - - ' J 9 8 _ - - - ' _7 - - - - 9 » 28- - ■ _ _ 39 „ 1 9 : _ _ - - - - 9 .. 50- - - - 39 .. 10 - - - - - - - - r 9 .. 5 4

- “ - . v 3 9 *• 27 - - - - - - - - 9 .. 57

10398.8

. 9 ,9

■■ 5

’J ï ,_ .3 ;J7 ,54

27

P^ûra,

;S P A. I N A N D P O R T U G A L.Places. Latitude* Longitude.

, Deg* M in. Deg, M in ,

Evoray - - - - - - 38 27 - - - - - - - - 10 *. 31Aviso, - - - - - - 38 56 - - - - * - - - 10 ,, 35Coruche, - - 39 '*■ -— “ - - - - - - - - _ 9 56Montemor $ Nova, - - - 38 ... 34 - - - - - - ■ - 10 .* 12Arrayoios, - - -/ - - 38 *• 3 7 - . 7 - - - - 10 .. 27

EvoraMonie, - ' - *- ’ - 38 . . 3 7 - - - - - - - io 44Efiremoz, - - - - - 38 .. 42 - - - - - - - - 10 .. 40Soufel, - - - - - - 3 8 .. 50 - - - - - - - - i o , . 52

■' Erùïiteira\'\:-. .54' - -- - - y 10-.. .,531 Çœhtyù tk Vide, - • - ' -• 38. * f .56 - - r . . ' - - -, 10 . . ‘58

Borbài - -■ - - - - 38 .. 39 - - - - - 10 .* 56A i cacete do Sal, -• - ; - 38 .. 19 - ^ ■ - - - - , - 9 .. 50GranMfiAl 38 .< . 7 - 1:-. - - - -■ -, 9 .. 38Sines, - - ./- •- 37 A 48 ». . -, - - - 9 .. 16Borici;, r 1 ; * .. - . - 38 Fy 11 - 4- - . . - - - - io .. 40Vidtgueira, - y - - • - 38 .. 5 - - St - - 10 .. 34A lv i to, . - - 38 .. 12 . - . io .. 22

Beja,- - . - - 3 7 5 6 ~ - - - ~ - - 10 2 7Monta, A 38 .. 2 r ! . t .r ' - . - 1° - SSSerpa, -, -■ - 37 •* 5 1 ' " “ - - - - 10 --,44Aljup-d, - - - - - - 37 .. 50 - - - - - - - IO .. 7Onrioue,- - t - - - . - 37 ” 34 “ - - - . , - c r >0 .. 5.Almodovar, - 37 •• 2$ - - - io .. 14‘M r M , - ■ - . - — 37 ** 3 6 : - - - - - - , - i o .. 3 8

Mònfarps, - ■ - r - - 38 .. 19. - - - - ' - - - .10 .. 52E kà s, - - - - - - 38 .. 42 - - - - - - i l •* 18Olìycnpa,. - - - - - 3 8 '.. 3Ì - - - -, 7 - H ** ¿0

-Vampo-Mayor, - ■ - 38 ..,4 9 - - _ ~ - - n .. 24

Faro,-' - ■■ - ■ - : - - - 36**. 58 - - - - - - - - io ..'.22

Eagòs,- - - ' - - - - 3 7 •* “ “ “ - - - - - 9 •• 3 8Sylves, . - - - - - - 37".: 5 - - - - - - . 9 .. 56A l i t o r - - - - - - 37 .. '— - - - - - - - - 9 . . 42Louie, - - - - - - 37 .: 6 - - * - - - - - io .. 19Favira, - - - - - - 37 -■ * 4 ” ~ “ - -, - - io .. 42

Aïbofèir.ai - 36 .. 59 - - - - - - - - . i o . . 5Cajlromarinì3 - - - - 37 ' 3 - - - - - - - - io. 57AÌCQutìm\ - - - - - 37 .. 22 - - - - - - - io .. 55Villa Nova de Portìmaon7 37' .. — * - ' - - - - - - 9 . . 46

A P P Ë N D I X

. A P P E N D I X I.

O f th e Atlantic IJlam h belonging to Portugal.

. Î D I S S E R T A T I O N S ; on

Portuguefe Colonies in the AtlantieÔtçaxl, are the lilan d sof Porto Sanîo 1 ^ • ■ an!d Madeira; the Perceiras or Azores files, and the Cape Verd Iiles, with thoie o f St. Pbbmas and the Prince’s. ‘ "

c . T h e lilanch o f Porto Santo lies in the Latitude'of 33 Degrees and Ibme Minutes to the North-eaft (a little more eafterlÿ) oï-hAadeiray i t ismounted fiveLeagues

’ long, and" two wide/and about an hundred and forty from Lijbon. - ^. This'w as the Beginning o f thofe great Discoveries that thé Portugueje made,

■ by Order of the Infante Don Henrique, Son to Kdngjobn I.-of Portugal, and Duke o f Vifeu^ which, commencing with thé Coaits O f and the lllands in the Ocean , were fpread as far as the Eaft-lndies- afid the Continent o f America,'with great Reputation to their Arms, and an immenfe Utility" to T rade, opening thereby to all the other Nations o f Europe the A rt o f navigating to the remoteft Parts o f thé W orld; ' " y

T h is liland was difeovered in the Y ear 1419, by Joaon Oonçahes Zarco, a Gen­tleman Of the aforefaid Infante’s Houfliold,- and Prijlaon Vais, a Perfon o f diftin- guifhed Nobility, in 1420; BartholomeuPerejlrello, a Gentleman i n the Infante D on Joaon s Family, went to people it, and whom tlie lnfante D on Henrique ap­pointed, by a Grant in the Year 1446, the firft Captain Donnée o f the laid liland, which was afterwards confirmed^ by Affonfo V „ .

Its only Tow n is that called after the liland, Porto Santo, which is built On à level Piece of Ground, within a M uikct-fliot o f the Sea, in a Bay fuffieiently iheltered from all Winds, except the South .and South-weft, to. which it is opep and.expofed; it contains 106 Fires, that.make 600 Souls,.in a Parilh, dedicated to S. Salvador. And befides this, there are fomç Villages oh the Ifland ; among which, Farrobo and F et cira are the -principal,, though all .have but few Inhabi­tants. Its Arms are a Dragon Tree, which was formerly very common here.

T he Ifland o f Madeira bears Eaft and W eft with Cape Qantim on the Çoaft o f Africa, at an hundred and fifty two Leagues Diftance from .LiJbon, and almoft the fame from the Iflands Perceiras, in the Latitude.of 32 Degrees and fome M i­nutes ; it is eighteen Leagues long, and a little more than, four wide : H aving been difeovered by the aforementioned Joaon Gonsalves Zarco, on the 2d o f July, 1419, though after fome EngUjh had poftefled it ; among whom was one called Macbhn (I iuppofe wrong fpelt, as I never heard o f fuch a Name in England)-,, and from him one of the Cap tain fliip's is nominated Machico, but thefe our Coun­trymen were drove from thence by a Storm.. T he Name o f the Ifland w as given it by the firft Difcoverers, on account o f the thick Woods they law on it ; Ma­deira in Pùttuguefe, or Madera in Spanijk, fignifying W ood or Timber.

It is divided into two Capitamas (Captalnihips); that o f .Macbico, and that o f Funchal. The firft was'given, to Prijlaon Vaz (one o f the Difcoverers o f Porto Santo) -, whofe Defendants, taking alio tile Name' o f Peixeira from the W ife o f the firft Donnée, enjoyed the Honour and Eftate till the Y ear i 540, - when thé Succeiîiôn became ext'uift ; and, falling thereby tp'the Crown, was, in the iu o

heeding

\ - eéeding Year,, given bÿ'King 'John III : -ta Adtonio, da Sylvtdra (the famous Defender ; .of B io ) ; who fold it, in the Year 1 549, töFrancifco de Gufmarni, Head Mayordomo 4o. the Infanta Donna Maria, for the Sum o f 3^,000 Cruzados which, he gave lit

> D owry with his Daughter Donna Luiza de Gufmaon, who’ married Don Affonfo de Portugal, fécond Earl o f Pd mi of0. This Çapitania is Etili preferred in that Family, with the Interruption :only of .one G iant from Philip II, in 1582, to Prifiaon F a z

1daVeiga, for having delivered up to him the Caille of S. Ju li don at the Bar o f ..Lißon, but on his' Death it returned to the Houfc of Vimiofo.

. . T h e principal T ow n o f this Capitani a- is Ma chi co, Dated in a Bay; o f the fame .Harne, ,4t a League from the Point of S'. Lourenço, containing at prefeht 533 Fires, with 2022 Souls: Santa,Cruz is another. Town, with, 371 Fires .(though they were formerly 809); and it hands in another Bay, between.the Points òf S. Frajicifco to the eaflward, and S.Fernando to the weflward: It Hath likcwife the Places of Ncfja_ Senhor ado Fay ai, o f Santa Anna, S, Jorge, and Magdalena, fome o f them well peopled.

T h e 0 tiler Capii aida is that of Funchal, called fo from the City o f that Deno­mination, ,and this from the great Quantity o f Fennel (Funcbo) which grew in this. Place. It was given by Kingjfciw I; to Joaon Gonça Ives Zar co, who afterwards changed his Name for that o f Camera ; his Defceridants h ill enjoy it, with the Title, o f Earls o f Calheta, by Grant o f K ing Sebafiian, made to Simaori Gùnçalves

■ da Camerai its fifth Captain Dôhnee, ih 1576;Funchal, the Capital o f this Captainfhip arid o f all the Iflatid, is feated in a

_ fine Bay, fronting the South, and diflant four Leagues from Santa Cruz-, it is defended towards the Sea by five Forts, bé.fides the Caille, which Hands in an ïfle at the weitem Point, aiid fierves to proteft the Port, as the Fort o f S . Joaon

■ do Fico does on the Land Side. This Capitdnia contains alfo fevcral other Places jas the Tow n o f Pont a do Sol, with 342 Fires; Calheta, with 502 ; and the Village o f Camera de hobos ( which gave Appellation to the Grantees), Pdbeira-Brava^ and'others, , ■ . ,

T h e City o f Funchal is feated in: the Latitude o f 32 Degrees and 40 Minutes; and )n r Degree and 17 Minutes Longitude. It had at firft only the Privilege o f a T o w n , given it h j Affonfo V .in the;Year 1451, who amplified-it in 1472: K ing

- Manosi made.it n City in the Year. 1508; and, in 1514, it became a B.ifhop’s See., united to the Dignity of Vicar of Fbomar, in the Order of Cbnji ; In the Reign o f K in g John III. it was raifed. to a Metropolitan, by a Bull o f Pope Clement VII, in the Year, 1537; and had for Suffragans, the BiÛiops o f S. Salvador de Angra in tire Ifland of. Ferceira, o f Santiago in the Cape de Vef d Ifles, o f St. 'Thomas in the Kingdoms Of Angola and Congo, and o f S, Catharine in Goa, extending to all Faß India-, fo that the Archbifhops of Funchal were untitled Primates o f the Indies : But in Procefs of Tim e the metropolitan Jurifdiftion was withdrawn, and it re­mained reduced to an epifcopal City, thé Diocefe.extending only to the Madeira Ifles, that o f PortoSanto,, the three Dc/foV ones, and the Ifland and Caille o f A r ~

. guìjn, on the Çoafl o f Africa, fourteen Leagues beyond the River do Ouro, after- paifing Gape dasGarças-, apdlately, on dividing theArch biffi op rie o f Lifbon into

two Diocefes, i t was .afligned as Suffragan to the weßern Patriarchate o f that City...T h ere are reckoned to have: been in the laid Churefi fifteen Prelates; viz. four- ''

. teen Bifliops and one' Archbifhop : O f winch'- the firft was Don Diogo Pinheiro 1 (though l i e . n e v er went there) j who ! was fuccCeded ; By D on Mariinho. de Portugal,

Brother to tlie firfl'Eart o f PGmiofo, appointed Archbifhop and Primate,' by a Bull o f Pope Paul III, expedited on the 8tli of July, 153 9, and who was the only one; that obtained this D ignity; the fucòeeding Prelates remaining w ith the Title of.

7 Bifhops Only, to Don jòfepb de Soufa dc Cajlellobranco, who, through IndUpofition* qiiiited the See; and,- iri the-Yem 173 5, - Don Fr, Manosi Cout inho Fhdmarijia was ' inP oireffioriof it. ; ;u y ' ‘ 7 7 7 VV : 7 7 ' :. - -.-./iy" 7 "

V o L. IL 2. Y T ÌÀ

‘ T h e XQmàôt Madeira contains orie City, four Towns, and a great tnany V il­lages, divided into thirty nine Parifh’esj reckoned to include io,5po'F ires‘ with upwards of ¿5.0,000 Communicants. There are in it a Collège o f fejuifs, fo u r. Convents of the ObjérVahtsAí'S. Francifcô-, one M onailery o f the firft Rule of Santa Clara, and two of the fécond) an HofielrU o f CaCnelite Friars,1 a Houfe1 of Retirement for Women, a Seminary, four'Houfes o f Mercy, and lèverai Hof- pitals. ’ ' ; ' .-1'- ''

T he Government o f this Ifland hath'always been regarded as of great.Import­ance, and'therefore hath been fnpplied by the Council of Stater JuiHce Is admi- niftered by a Jiiyz de Fóra, with the Power oí Ccrrpgedor, who is provided by the Oefembargo de Paço, and relides in the City of Fuhcbal. It 'h a th a Cuftomhoufe, fuppofed to be only inferior to Lijboti, mid Partb in point o f Income, and receive? the Tythes o f the .'Ifland, which appertain to the King,, as, grand M aher o f the Order o f Cbrijh, and the Cuito ms on Imports andExpor ts have,1 for feme Y eats pail, amounted to upwards o f 700,000 Cruzados annually. . 1 i

O f tbe A z o r e s er'Terceira Iflands. - :

Tbeie Iflands are called Azores, from the Multitude o f Birds with this Name found here, and Perceiras, from the principal o f them being fo denominated ; and which was at firft fo named from being the third in the Difcovery o f them, thofe o f Santa Maria and S.Mìguèl having preceded: Though the Flemings gave them the Appellation o f XJlaemfche. Fylanden, Or the Fiendf Iflhnds, under Pretext o f their having been the firft Difcoverers. Thefe Ifles lie in the Atlantic Ocean, and are nine in Number, which I ill all fet down and defcribe in the Order they were found, viz. Santa Maria, S, Miguel, Pere eira, S. forgé, G faci f a , Payai, Pico, Flores, and Corvo. ,

Santa Maria lies in the Latitude o f 37 Degrees and fonie Minutes, at Baft and Weft, with Cape St. Vincent in Algarve ; diftant therefrom two hundred and fifty Leagues ; being four long, and three broad: Its Port is to the South-eafl in a Bay, vvhofe Cape feuthwards is fortified by ft Calile m id'five'Fortins;'which de­fends it from any hoftile Entrance) and it is 'reckoned to be eighteen or twenty Leagues from the City o f Pania Delgada in th'elfle o f S. Miguel, and fixteen from Villa-Franca,

It was difeovered, on the 15th of Augdjl, 1432, by Fr. Ùonçah Velho Cabral, Commendador of Ahnoiirol in the Order of Cbrift, having beeu fent on that Expe­dition by the Infante Don Henrique, in the Reign o f jobn I ; and, from the.Day of its Difcovery, it had the Name impofed o f Santa Maria. 1 ,

The drier Place of this Iile is theTow n o f T0H0,wherein is, the M other bhurch of Ncffa Seu/jora da Ajfumpçaon, w ith hear 400 Families, which make' 1700 Com ­municants : Here, are befides two Convents.)"one o f Nuns, founded by an Éc- clefiaftic, named Fernando de Andrade ) and- the other Friars, o f S. Francijcc; a Se­nate Houfe, and one o f Mercy, 'with a fixer] Rent. In' flic other Parts o f the Iiland are leverai Pariih.es, a 5 r i P, edro, Efpirito.. S an fé, ’ Santo Ànt onio, Nbjfa Sen- bora da Serra, Santa Barbara, with/fevéral oilier Places jftrii, Villages: i“'r " : ; ; 7

T h e ibft Capi dm Donnée was the xxioyçifà F r i Concaio. Velio Cabral (who dif- covered it), by Grant from fh y ln fan te D on IPejiriquf bearing Datç the 19th o f Magi .147 ° i; which Royalty was enjoyed for many Years by,the Defcendaiits o f his Sifter, Dorina fbérefa \ Vdbo - Cabral, unto the Seventh’ Cap tain, ■ P r a z ' Soares.feSpufaS "J .'.7 _7:7 7 7 T V .7 '— T i ' - '■ 7 ■ ' 'V - C c ' -T 7

S: Miguel. ; Tjris. is■ the firft. Ill and w e1 meet’ydth i if’the Navigation Tróm L if- hon'Xo Perceiras; ■ whofe eafteni Cape is about twothutidred'-andft w el vçTeâgiies' diftant from CapiPfpicbel-, .arid Others place its Nofth-eaiV Point two hundred-

and ■

and fifty Leagues from Setiival, in a d ira li Eaft find W eft Line : It is eighteen Leagues long, and two wide; hath two open Ports to the South, the one front­ing the City o f Pùnta Delgado, and the other'?Fila-Franca-, befides fever al fmall ones, for Barks or other lu d i Craft that draw but little Water, -

It was difeovered by the aforementioned Fr. Gen calo Velho Cabrai, on the 8 th of May, 1444 3 and it took .the Larne o f S. Miguel 1 from its Difcovery on that .Day? It is thè. m od populous of all the neighbouring Jil.es, as there are reckoned in it. 10 ,91 y Fifes, with 41,518 grown Per.(bus, and up wart Is'of 10,000 Minors, b elides Male' and'Female Ecclefiaftics and Monadi cs, which a mo ant. to 1393 f ib that thè W hole o f the Communicants amounts to 42,9a 1 : It is kkevrifethe mod fertile-of.'all its Siderlflcs (although not above, a fifth Part o f it be. cultivated), cipeefiìliy in W heat and W ines ; producing,' communi-bus Annis, twelve thoufaud Mcjos o f W heat, an f a 1m od as much indimi Corn, befides near five, thou land Pipes'of Wine. f

: It confids o f a City, Pont a Detgada, and the five following Towns, viz. Villa . Franca do Campo, Cilia rP, PC, heir a grande, Villa de APrdejle, Villa designa dePao, and Villa da Sllagoa \ with twenty two Villages, which, are, Pay al,Povoa^aon-velia, Fugar da Pie da de, S. Roque, Belva, Pc tei ras, Nojjk Scnhòra das Neves, S. Pedro i Maya, Por so-f i r m o fc, Sarto Antonio, Ribetrinba, Fetaes, Bretanba, and others, fonie of them wel: peopled and rich.'

T h e City.-of Feria Delgada, Capital o f the Ifland,' was, from the Year 1445 to that of 1,499, orjW a Village, dependent on Villa-Franca, thè only Tow n then in all the I ile ; but in this lad Year; K ing Manoel made it.a Tow n , which he con­firmed on the 29th of May, 1507; and, in the Reign of K in g John III, it was raifed to the Dignity of a City, on-the 2d of April, 1 54Ó : Kìtìg Philip J. o f Por­tugal, m Attention to the Services its Inhabitants had rendered him, granted It the fame Privileges as the City o f Patio enjoyed, by a Charter, dated the 12th o f December, .7582.

. Its Situation is in a Plain, joining to a Bay, whofe Port is fo expoied, that, from the Cape o f Gale to that.of Santa Clara, which is three Leagues,, there is no Shelter for Ships; but, for the Security o f the Place, there is a Fortification, furnifhed with thirty Pieces of Brafs Cannon.

T h e City is divided into three Pariihes: W hich are,1 fird, the Mother Church, dedicated to St. Sehajiian, with twelve Benefices, a Vicar, and two Curates, con­taining 833 Fires, with 3388 Souls that receive the Communion; in its Diftridt are the Monadcries of St. John and St. Andrena, the Jefiuits,College, and the W o­mens Retreats o f Santa Barbara and Santa A m a ; T h è iècond Paridi is that o f St. Peter,- and dands eadwardly, with a Vicar, two Curates, ’aTreafurer, and eight Benefici ados, confiding o f 423 Fires, with 1.596 Communicants ; in its Ju- rifdicfion is the Convent o f Nojfia Senhora daGraca: The third Paridi is St.ljo^

fieph, annexed to the Curacy o f 'Nojfa. Senhora da Sonde, and was created by the Bidlop Don Pedro de Cafiilho ; it dands, to the W e d , and .contains 624 Fires, in­cluding 2388 communicating Souls; and lias within-its Limits the M o ^ t e - lies oi'NoJja Senhora da Efiperanca, da' Concettami and: a 1 Con vent .of Prancifican, Friars,.- . , V -- v ..x ^ . -, ; . . v i . V. ■_

'Anterior to the Year, 1666, , th erew a s > r ec k o ned in this City, 1Ó23 .Fires;..put in later Accounts they are fpecified to be 1879, with .7961 Communicants, in­cluding Sèchlaitì and Regulars, hdides .150c Children.; x. MV Vi- -Mb; V :

■, T h e ecciefiadical Government o f thè; Eland is. divided (fun e the Tim e of the■ BMhop Done Antonio Vieira Feitaon) into three Oiivulorias, vnutfiat oil Fonia DH-■ gada, which is the chief; Midi fourteen Parphes, and three annexed Curacies,. wliich contain 17,754 Comdmnicants ;. the fecond is tlia t of Villa-Franca, withnine Pariihes, comprehending 8688 communicating Souls ; the third is that-of R i bel r a grande, confiding of ten P-ariflie$; with ' 15,027 that communicate. : ' ' :i>

I' T h e principal Edifices of the City, arc, the Captain’s Palace, the Senate-houfe; the Cuftom-honle, that o f Mtjericordta, diree Convents o f Friars, four o f Nuns, . rmd three Houfes o f Retirement for W omen. . , '

T h e Convents are: One o f FranctfcanF rtars, .founded iiy'the'Year 1525, with the T itle of Nojja Sahara da Goncei aon - but changing its Situation in 170 9,‘.for the prefeht one, its Church was opened in 1714:: The- Jefarts'College, o f which . they .took FoiTefhon in the Year 159 t , aridi in i6ó6,fìm ihèd ; their .new Church; they have here two Matters in Humanity, ‘and.a Reader'of Morality: T h e Hot- mits o f 1St.AuguJlin, whofe firft Foundation was in! the Year 16.06,. but the Vicar- '/ general, Manoel Sanches de Almada, giving'them-a new Situation, they quitted. the firft, and, m. i68p, finiihed their preient Convent; they havé-a Reader o f Arts*. and another ò f fpeculative Theology: . y .. ! i : -:

T h e Nunneries are. that 0ÌNojfa Senbora da Éfperanya, Francifians, founded by the Nobility and Commons^ o f . the City ; ' in which they entered on1-the 23d.of . April, I 54J> and is the moft numerous o f'a ll:. Santo Andre, like wife Francif- cans,, occupied ever, iin.ee die Year 1567 by:its fi rft- Found e rs ,w h o came front the Monaitery of Jefus da Ribeìra grande-,.; btrt as it was founded without a pon- - tifical Bull, this was folicited frotn Pope Gregory X III, and afterwards obtained from Sextus V, on the 15 th o f May, 15 8 5 : St. John ante Fort am Fat inani, ■ founded. by Manoel Mar tins Soares and Maria JacomeRapofa, and admitted by the Bifttop D on Jeronymo Fein eira Cabral % fo that the Nuns took Pofleffion in. the Year 1602:And, Nojja Senbora da Concedami, begun to.be inhabited on; the 7 d of Auguft, 16.71, by Nuns frbm the Monaitery o i EJperan^a* The Retirements are, Santa Barbara, Santa Anna, and Frindade.

It is the Refidence o f a Juìss de Fora, from whom an Appeal lies to th eO iA /- dor o f the Foimee; except when the Corregedor o f Angra be there in Office,. 'then the O m i dor ceafes. .

T h e firft Captain, Grantee o f tins Iiland, was the repeatedly mentioned Frd Gonzalo Vclbo Cabral ; whole Nephew and Heir, Joaon Soares da Albergarla, fold the laid Captainfliip o f S. Miguel (in the Year 1474) to Ruy Gonsalves da Camera fecond Son of Joaon Gon^ahes Zar co, firfc Captain F orinee o f Funchal\. for 32,000 Cruzados, in Money and Sugar: A n d ‘it nqw appertains to the D efendants o f the laid Ruy Gonsalves da Camera, its third Grantee, who are now Earls o f R i- beìra grande, and were at .firft Earls o f Villa-Franca. Its annual Income to the Fonate is fuppofed to be upwards of 30,000 Cruzados, winch is thè iàihe Sum as tlie original Pmxhafe coft. ' . ”

D I S S E R E A T I L L f

Villa-Franca. This is thè moft ancient T ow n o f all the Me, and took its, Name originally from its Freedom or Exemption from; the Payment o f any D u ­ties. Its Port is five Leagues to the Eaft o f Bontà Felgada, and hath an Iiland lying in Front, which is fome Shelter to it; between which ancftheT oW nfis an Arm o f the Sea, that afterwards forms a round Lake, in w hich is a fufficient ' Depth for large Ships, and, at a finali Expence, might be made a fine, fecure Har­bour: The T ow n is defended towards the Sea, by a Caille, well furniihed with, Artillery, and feveral other.Fortifications, ;. . . ■ *■ ;

It -hath-two Paiiihes; -S, Mtgilei ('the Mother 'Church), withv 54 9 - F i res, 'and. 2092 Communicants -y and S. Fedro, !wifb, .264 F'irësjÿcorififting o f .¡7 io-Feffo'ns : . that Receive the Conlmumon :' ;Here .are two Convents ; the one o f Fr.dpcifcan ' Ob fermant Friars ; and the other a Nunnery, o f the Order o f Santa Clara. I t hath dependent on it nine Villages and finali Places, five- to the foutbward, and > four to the North. 1 h 1'-. c . - vA-h;.'-' t v y h Y ih vf ! ' 'v - : '-

V4 la daRibetra ' grande. This T own ft an ids almoft mVthie-JVfiddio of the nor-- them Coaft, in a large Bay, at the Foot o f a great Mountain. It was made a

- ' M| - . J " ' ' ! ' ’ T ow n

■ '-ToWn;bÿ.iÜhgiil^i^i/j--on:tKp-4th-bf^«j‘i^ J- 15Ó7, having till then.been Only à Village; dependent on Villa-Franca. It has two Parilhes 3 that of Ndjfa Senhora da EJlreVd, the Mother Church} and that o f Nojfa Senhora da Conceiçaou; which makes between theta b o th i4 2 4 Fires, with 507Ó.Communicants ; the Curacy o f .the Church o f Salvador da Ribeirinha is annexed to the aforementioned o f .Nojfa Sepbora da Èfireìla. Here are a Friary and Nunnery, .of the lame-Orders as' in ''Villa-Franca. It gives the Title o f Earls to the Captains Données o f the Iile o f S.M guel, who were once Earls o f Villa-Franca, Don L utz de Camera intro­duced to this Tow n, at. his. own Expence, an excellent Fabric o f Cloths and Stockings. \ i .

T h e other Towns are, .1, Villa de Nordtjle, to which K in g Mantel gave a Char- : tèr, on the a 8th of July, 1514 } it hath one Pari ih, dedicated to S. Jorge, with 330'Fires,-. and 1349 Communicants. 2. Vi lia de Agua de Pao, wnofe Charter was given :it by1 the aforefaid King, on thé a S th o f July, 15153 it hath like wife bût one Pârifh,. o f Nojjd Senhora dosAnjos, containing 334 Fires, and 1194 Souls that communicate, 3. Villa da A a go a, which received its Charter from John III, in April, 15223 and hath two Parifhes, viz. Santa Cruz, which is tire Mother Church ; ' and No [fa Senhora do Referto, _ which is built o.n the Spot called Porto dos Cqrneiros ; containing jointly 605 Fires, with 2314 Communicants.

Iflalid, Ferceira is extended aim oft E aft-north-eaft- and Eaft-fouth-eaft, thir­teen Leagues in Length, and fix broad; the City of Angra, its Capital, lies two hundred and forty five from the Bar of Lijbong and about twenty two. North- Ane de weft and by W eft, from the weftern Cape o f S. Miguel. Both the Tim e of its môgrX m°ôr; DffcoveryundDifeoverer are uncertain: But as the Infante D o n Denrique gave rU it, on the 21ft o f March, 1450, tbjacome Je Bruges 3 and it hkewîfe appearing to have been found out after that o f S. Miguel] its Difcovery undoubtedly hap­pened between the Years 1444 and 1450. Its Name I have already mentioned to proceed from being the third difeovered 3 and from this, as from its Capital, the other I Hands took the Denomination of Ferreiras.

It is divided1 into two C-apitanias 3 which are the City o l Angra, and the T ow n da-Fraya: .The firft commences in a large Bay, half a League from S. Sebafiiaon3 andcnin niiig itiland’ to the South, W eft, and W eft-north-welt, terminates in the Place called Folhadaes : The Captuuiihip o f Villa daPraya begins at the V il­lage o f S. Roque, or dos A lt are 5, to the Weft-north-weft, and ends at Rìbeira Seca, in the .¡inland Village o f S-. jorg.e, at half a League’s Diftance from Santa Bar­bara-, which two la ft Places belong to the other Capitani a. . . .

, T he principal Settlements on this Iile, are, the City a? Angra, and the Towns -da Fraya and S. Sebafiaon-, .to which are joined a great Number of Villages, well

peopled*, and very rich. In the Captainihip o f Migra is. the T ow n o f S. Sebaf- ■ timn, , and the Villages of Ramitiho,- Santo Antonio, Ribeirinha, S . Matbeus, Si Aarihoio fruii, .Santa Barbara,. and S. Jorge: In that o ïD r ay a, beiides the T ow n ¡of this Name, are feen the Villages o f S. .Roque, or dos:A lt ares y S. Pedro, teatro \Ribeiras, Aguaal-va Villa-Nova, and fome others^ .. . . !

I have, already jnearioned that* the. F rit Donne e of, all this Ifland was Jaçome de .Bruges, by Crant of the Infante Don Pienti que, .Governor of the Order o f Cbrijl, .’ and Duke (JiVifeu, at the Tim e above recited ; but afterwards becoming vacant,■ the Infanta Donna Fr//es, 'then W ido w o f the ■ Infante Don-Fernando,. ; who fuc- • ceeded; hi.s:Unçle in the Government o f theMaftérihip, and Tutorels to her Son

' ,■ D oli Diego,-, Dukc pf: V if eu, dififted the faidj Ifland ipto, th e Capfaiiiihips; o f An- ’ gra ; and. the Villa ’da Prayà, 'by an Order, dated in Ever a, ‘ òn the 2d o f April, .

C-ig . y ’ 'ty y . ' - , 1 '■. : : i ; T h e :fifft Captain Donnée o f Angra, in virtu e o f this Repartition,, was Joaim i / F a x ■ da Cofta Corte R eal-, and th e, Royalty continued in his Succeflbrs, until :

V o m ii . ' * 2 Z Donna

D o n n aMargartâd de Çdrte Real, Daughter to the fourth Çàptalft, Vappiç. Junes Corte Real, married with Don Chrijîovaôn de Moura, afterwards the firft Marquis! o f Ca/hilo-Rodrigo, and Viceroy o f Portugal y he likewife joined-to this PofTeffiorri the Captainihip o f Villa daPrada> as will be prefently related 'fo' :i ;l '

T \\tCapitanía o ï Prada, according to tlie afarefoid Divifioti, had for. itsfirft, Grantee, Jívaro Martins Bomem, with whofe Defcendants- it remained for many Years j but in Procefs of Tim e becoming vacant, 'K in g Philip IL gave it to Don Cbrtjlcvaon de Maura aforementioned. ' ■ . 1 ‘ '

T h e City.of Angra is feated.on the fouthem Coaft o f the liland, at two hun­dred and forty £ve Leagues from Pifian, according to the molt common Com ­putation, though in tills fqme Geographers difierq Its-Harbour lies', inclqftd by- two Capes which run out into the Sea,,the one to the Bait, and the other to tifo W eft, with the Diftance.of about a Mile between them, and the fame Space from the City : On the eaftem Point itands the Caftle o f ; S . Sebajll non 5 and on th fw eft tem (which runs much the fartheft into tin; Ocean), rifes a high, black, rugged- Mountain, called the Mountain ofBrafd, on: which-is erected the famous Caftle o f S^Jodcn Bâtitifla j and upon a Point of it is- the Bulwark.of Sfinto Antonio on a Level with the W ater: .Its P o n is clean, with good Anchorage, capable o f ad-, mitting large Fleets } and well Jheltered 'from, all W inds, but the Sbiith-eáft^ which blows direiHy in, and, raifmg a gi'eat Sea, obliges foe Veflels to weigh Anchor when theft Winds reign!

T h e Place is well ftuted, hath fine long ftrait Streets, well-paved, clean, and ornamented with feveral Fountains : T h e four W ards o f Corpa Santo., S , Bento, Santa Luzia, and S. Pedro, i f not equally populous, have at le a ft a JMumber o f Streets, and in them fome principal Edifices.

Angra enjoyed only the Privileges of a Tow n, till K ing John III. gave it foofe of a City, on foe 23d o í Augujl, 1533 5 and, in the following Year, procured it the Dignity o f an epifcopal Chair, by Bull from Pope Paul III, expedited on the 3d o f November, 1534. ' 1 ■

It contains above .3000 Families, diftributed in fixP arifhes; which are, the See o f * Salvadori with three Curates j that o f the Cajlello, with a Capellaon mor; the Collegiate o f the Conceiçaon, with a Vicar and two Curates p S . Bento, Santa. Luzia , and S. Pedro, each having a ViCar and Curate.' Its Cathedral was built hy K ing John III. in the Year '1534.5 in which ate five

Dignitaries, twelve Canons, four Half-Prebendaries, and lèverai Capelemiai 5 the Dignities are a Dean, Archdeacon, Chanter, Schoohnafter, and a chief Trea* furer. Here are reckoned - twenty Bifhops, from the Tim e o f its Erection to ' the Year 1733, exclUhve o f the titular ones. Went there.fometimes by the Don Priors Of Phcmar, as the Churches were fubje£t to the military Order o i Cbn/C The firft BHhop o f Angra was Don AgoJHnbo Ribeiro, transferred, in the Year 1548, to the Cathedral of ‘Latnego : T h e fécond, Don Rodrigo Rinbeiro, who, omitting to go to ids Bifhopric, lent; Don Baltbafar in his room- (Biihop oïA nel), for to govern it, and afterwards had foait o f Porto; The third,-1 Don Fr. Jorge de Santiago, who celebrated a Synod m-Angrù ÿ and, by-the Conftitutions .then., eftabliihed, foe Bifliopric hath Cver fince been governed : • T h e .fourth, Don Ma- noel de A Imada, who renounced the Bifliopric for the Chaplainfhip to Queen Ca­therine : The -fifth, D on Nuho'AIvares Pereira, V^hofoièd. in.'t-h'e Y ear 45.70- : T he. fixth, D o n Gafpdr de Faria, Doctor o f the Canon Law : T h e feventh, D on ifo- dro de GaJHlbo, who afterwards fucceeded■ to the Chair o f Leiria: T he ■ eighth,;;' D on Mar.od de Góuvea, Brother to the famous -jefuit, Matter Ignacio : T h e ninth, ! Don Jeronymo Feixeira Cabral, who was afterwards tranllated to the Bifhopric Of Miranda : The - tenth, Don Jgofiin}x)_ Ribeiro-,': who, -from the Biihopric o f 1 Ceuta, was transferred to this : The eleventh, Don Pedro da Co/la, -who died

, D 1 S S I*: R T A T I O N S ■ ; on V

. l A - i Miguel, Sepfember, T 6 24: T he twelfth, Dow.JoaonPimenta as Avr-úu, who alio üeceaíed in the. famePlace,.and in the fame,Month as the laid* fevcn Years after;, The thirteenth, Don Fr, Antonio deRcfurreicaon, aZ )omin¿can Friar, who died alfq m S . Miguel, April, 1636: T he fourteenth, D on Pedro de Sou fa, o f the Houfe of the Earls o f Cajlcllomelhor, who died before Confecration: T h e fifteenth,Don Fr.LourenyodeCaJlro, o f the Dominican Order, who afterwards paiTed to the M itre o í Miranda : The fixteenth, Don Fr. Joaon dos Prazeres, ^.Xabregan F riar:‘T h e feventeenth, Don Fr. Clemente Vieira, an Augujlin Friar, Dodlor and Reader in Coimbra, who deceafed i n S. Miguel,, September, 1Ó92 : T he eighteenth; Don Aitonio Vieira Lettaon, who, after twenty Years Refidence, died in the Ifland o f S. Jorge, in May, 1714: T h e nineteenth, Don Joaon de Brito de Vafconcellos, who put the Government o f ' thé-BÍíhop.ric into The Darids o f the Dean, Proviibr, . and Vicar-general o f Angra, and died in Lamego, Decemberf 17181 T h e twentieth,

' D o n Manuel[Alvares da Cojla, promoted to this Dignity in 7720, on quitting the M itré o f Pdrnambuco, anti died in the Year 173 3.

T he epifcopal Jurifdicdon of Angra extends to all the nine Azores liles ; tliough formerly they were Suffragans To the Archbifhop of Lijbon, as .they' are now to the Patriarch of Wejl-Ltjbon-, conformable to the goldén Bullj obtained o f Pope Clement X lj on.tlie 7 tlx of November, -171Ó, already mentioned in this

'W o rk . ' *Its civil Government con lifts o f two ordinary Judges, three Vere adores, a Pro-

curados', Ffcrivaon da Camera, and other Minhfters :■ Jufticiary. Affairs arc ma­naged by the aforefald two Judges, a Corregidor with a Scaif, and Poifeffion taken in the Court of Porto, whofe ju ’rifdiétion extends tó tire nine lilands; and when he occafionally goes to S. Miguel, the Power b f the Domeds Ouvidor ceafes.There are likewife in this City two Prove dores, one o f the. royal Revenue, and the other of the Marine; the firit hath under’his Care all the Revenue apper­taining to the King in all the nine Ancores, and to him the Judges and all the Cuftomhoufe Officers are fubordinate; the other Prcvedor is to provide whatfof ever ihall be deemed, necefiary for the Fleets and Ships o f the Crown, India, and Convoys, requiring the Prove dor. o f the Revenue’s Concurrence in the Expence,Stores and.Neceilaries, for the faid.Vefiels.

T h e City o f Angra hath alfo the Privilege, o f nominating a Procurador for the Cortes, who muft always be a Native o f this Place; an,d hath his S,eat on the firit Bench, by .Grant o f K ing John IV , o f which the laid Procurador took Poilelfion in the Cortes o f 1642.- Am ong the principal Edifices o f the Place, are reckoned thgH oufe o f Mercy, an Ilofpital, and eight Convents; four o f Friars, and the. fame' Number o f N uns; v iz ,That, o f Francijcan Friars, a College o f Jefuits, .built„at the Expehce o f the royal Revenue, by Order of King Sebajlian, 'in the Year 1569; the Her­mits o f St. Auguftin, whole Foundation was ip tlie Year 1584; Santo Antonio de Recoletos, o f the Order o f X Francifco; S. Goncalo .with Nuns o f the Rule o f Santa Clara, ‘ founded by Braz Pires-do [Canto,- and iubjebt to the B iihops; Nojfq.Senhora d^Rfjeranya, Nuns.alfo of Santa_Clara,J>XLt fubj.e6t,to th eP rovin cia lb f

. the Ifiands; - Nups o f the Conception; ': and S, Sebajliapn, with Qqpucbin N u n s.J ,■ ; .This C t y (befidps other Fortifications) is defeiitjejj by the ’famous CTftle.ofiS.Joaon Bauii/la, fo muchincreafcd and perfected by Philip I.F M to J ó le 'its v’ ■ ' Mp' 9' ancient Name o f Santo Antonio, for that of S M J J U p ey ^ f ¿gain to ehangedhis

D e yi^ in ati oTvfor that o f Stc John, ;n M em ory,o f K in g Jcfn 1 V’s; Reclamation;It hath: mbiinted an hundred'■ and fixty Pieces“ o f Cánñoq, m oftljf Biiáfs,' lome o f forty,_eight P o u n d s o r B.p.rq; apd tfie biggpll; polled. t^é P\ecc; ^■ tts'Carrjion p o m m p i i l y , riG ; : - d ; -y7J tp. y- , J

f S P A I N and ■' P O RT U G A L . t;.;

The

T h e Town' o f St. Sebajtìan. is feated in a rocky, mountainous Part,, at about : h a lf a League from the Sea.; cquidiftant from Angta and Pray a, and; compre­hended in -the Capifanta of the former. There were once reckoned in it 500 Fa­milies; but how they do not exceed half that Hu ni Ber. I t is defended' by fix Forts* tolerably well furniflled with Artillery, ah dls counted the ioldeft Tow n 1 o f the Bland, .In its Diilriét are comprehended the Villages o f Arrabalde, Ro- . fflinho, and Sapto Ant mio, or Porto fudeo, . V ;

■ In this Tow n the Senate o f1 all the Ifland ufually meet, by exprefs1.Order of the King, when any Affairs are to be treatcd;o f regarding the" public Emùlu- - ment. . ' - ' ' '' ., ■ ■

T h e Town' o f Fraya Hands four Leagues, N'oith-eaft and by Lull, .from thè Port o f Angra, in a plain. Country, on a gfeat fandy Pay, clean arid; flickered'’ from .the Winds, lying Faft-north-eaft and South-weft. It is inçlofet} with good W alls, in which are four Bulwarks, and four Gates,. sj/js. that of do Porto, Rodo, Nojfa Senbora dos Remedtos, and das Chagas. y V ■ . - '

This Settlement conflits o f 500 Families, without reelfoning, near-200 extras \ mural: The Pariih Church .of Santa Cruz hath its Vicar, two Curates, and-eight Bemjìcìaàos. In its D iftrittare three Convents ; one oi'prancifcan. Friars, Ob~ k fermantes -, one o f Nuns o f the fame Order, dedicated to Noj/d Senhora da L u z ; ' and a third alfo Fran afe an. N uns, fubj e£t tò thè Bifliop: Befides w hich,. there is a fourth Convent o f Friars, Hermits o f St.AuguJHn, at a' Httlè Giilance, with»: out the Walls, founded hi the Year 1650.

Here is likewife a Houfe o f Mercy, fufficiently.well endowed; two Hòipitals; . and a Cuftomhoufe, fubject to the Provedorof the royal Revenue zXAagra..

Ma»oti Pi- T h e Ifland o f St. George runs Eaft-fouth-eaft and Weft-north-weft,, at about tsirodL uius eight Leagues Diftance from die Ifland Ber cetra ; being eleven Leagues long, and dosA^rti. one and a half broad, except ’at the two Points where it is plainly narrower.

fis nonhern CoaR is an elevated Rock, 'and the'whole Ifle compofed o f high and plain Ground; at each o f whofe Capes lies a little Ifland, near thé great 1 one, that tc the e-ait ward is called the Ifle o f Vp/e, and that to the weft ward is pver-agairifl the Point of Rafales : In its Touthem Front, facing the ifle o f Pìcò, is a Port for finali' Ships; belonging to the T ow n o f Velas, flickered from all W inds, with three or four Fathom W ater. 1 . t ' - . . -

T he Author o f the Infilar" Hijlcry fuppofes it to have been, difeoverèd by the Pi orme e o f Angra, foaonVaz da Cojla Corte-Real, On tli e, 2 3 d1 o f Apri 1, 1440, which, being St, George* s Day, gave Nam e'to the Ifland: .'But it feems that th efaid Dif- covery was fome Years after; 'for this Ifland being annexed to the Captainfhip of Angra, or at leaf! fubjeóted1 to its Grantee, 'the-Infanta Ddnna Prîtes would have mentioned it in the Grant which ihe made to the aforefaid Captain of ¿Pi­gra, in April, 1464, as hath: been mentioned; though it is very time, that to th is. may be replied, that the' Grant’s being different,; the Letters patent might lie fo likewife. ' 1 'V ' - v" :

In the Ifland are, three .Towns,' Velas ‘(which is the chief), Tope, and Calheta. The. Tow n o f Velas conflits o f 2yo Faindiës, ..whicb: hayë 'for tbeir'Pâriill thè

Mother Church o f St. George. ; It is a Sea;Port (as hath been noted), and has a, Convent of Prancifcan Friars, V ;r"y f ':-- 'fy -y lV p -v f. Pop, the moli ancient Settlement o f the Ifland, is inclofed by a high, craggy R o c k ,, as wéll towards the Sea as Land. It contains 90 Families, in the Panili

1 o f Nojfa Senhora do Rofario. ■ ' y ■' v ■ ■ •.J ■' ■1L ■ ÿ!l -■ -y — ■■ ' “ 'di' ■1 * - i !■' ■ V ■; ; fG r1 1 *■. ;Calheta ftands Between the other fwo ToWpsj pn Rie farnèÇoaftj ConflflÜh

o f 1 tòTam iH esy .m t l ie f P à n Ì h ^ f '^ ^ G;G.;:.>G

j8o '0 I S S E R T A T . /A

Mafiosi Pi-jfieutcl, niï Roteilo das Jlhas dos Açores,

s ;P’A ï -n a :nd.v p o r t u g a l . . \It is the South Side o f the Iile which is well peopled : For, beiides the Afore-

-mentioned Tow ns, it hath, the four Villages o f Ribcira Seca, Santiago, Manadas, and Nôffd Senhora do Rofario ; whereas to the North, the Land is fo nigged and Uneultivatable as to difeourageany Settlements, fo that there is only the Village

’ o f Santo Antonio, in all' that Fart, '

T h e Illand Grafofa lies North-well and by W eft from Pefceira, in the Lati­tude o f .g çf Degrçes and a Quarter : It runs E a fl1 and W eil, being three Leagues long, and two wide in its greateft Extent; but the N orth-weft Part is longer . and plainer than the other Extreme. : Its Port looks towards'the North-weft, being incapable o f receiving large Ships; wherefore,, wheh any go there, they.

. muft: anclfo r u n Weltered ¡before it./.The Year o f its Difcdyeiy is uncertain, but it feems tohavéifoon followed that" o f St. George ; Its fir ft Colony was fettled by

.. Vàfco G il Sodrey and :a little after Duarte Barreto alfo went over, there, and1 ¡peo­pled the South,-where the Town- o f Brada now is, carrying with him a; Grant 'from the Donnée, o f that. Moiety o f the Illan d;, the other H alf was given to uFedro Correa da Cun'm, in whom the two1 Capi tandis were ibme Tim e after united. . r . ■ . i ■: ' . . *■1 T h e Wand: hath in k two1 Towns', Santa; (Hruz1 and Praya:r o f which the firft

■ ii.th e greateil Ahd chief; .whofe Bay makes-.the P oft o f GalbeM, defended, by a ■ Caftkr,:weft ftimifhed with Artillery;. It contains near 6o,q'Families, who. have, .the Church o f Santa ' CrU-z fbr their Parochial.- Here is alfo a Hoüfe o f Mercy,

-, and a Convent of FrancifcanFriavs.T he T ow n. o f Pray a is feated in a Bay of white Sand, on which feveral o f the

Houfes Hand: It conflits of, 300 Families, whole Parilh Church is dedicated to S. Mathew, and the Wand owes its Name (as is reported) to its great Fertility, Graciofa, in Portuguefe, ftgnifying pleafant or delightful

T h e . Illand o f Payai. , A n eighteen League Voyage is reckoned from Pefceira Iile to this, failing Weft-fouth-weft to the eaftern Cape .of St. George, and palling from thence between that Illand and Pico : It ftretches out from North to South, according to -the Roteiro do Cofmografo tnor, Manoel Pimentel ; though the Author o f th t Hiftoria Infulana makes i t to run Eaft and W eft: It is nine Leagues Jong, according to the Roterio ju ft cited,, and three wide in the narrowed: Pai*f. It is called Payai from being covered with Beech. Trees, at the Tim e that its Difco- verers. arrived there. ' Its principal Port lies to the Eaft, at the Tow n o f Plorta-, and-hath about a Mile, between its. twO'Capes, and almoft as'much in Depth; a Ship may anchor in the Middle of the Bay, or in Front o f the Gaftle, but not caring to arrive fo near, the may fafely ride fronting.the Place in dandy Ground, . w ith forty or, fifty Fathom. Water, it being Weltered,from all Winds, but the Eaft and North-eaft, which blow dir eft ly in; Near to this Port, and to the fouthward o f it, is another called Portopin, feparated, fro m 'tirât I have'been treating, of,, by a Neck o f Land, arr hundred and forty Braces long.■ It does not appear, with any Certainty, who the firft Difco-verers o f this Illand:

were; but they are; fuppofed to have been the fame Navigators; who deferied, the Per ce ira, or St. George, and Graçiofdy ..and .being Fart peopled,;, the K in g appointed

. fo r their firft. Captain, fo x de Utra, whom he mârned to a Fady.o f tfie Palace, named Prîtes de Macedo: In this Family it remained many Years, .and although’ the Defcendanta.were in Procef? o f Time' difpoiTeffed, and others preferred, efpe- ci^yPÙQ}%FranùifroMifcürenhdi, Earl ôlPhrta-^^jCronymo de ffray fëcond-Son to ' the third Donnes, became again Mailer o f the Royalty in the Year 1582, having

•' obtained flis Prétendons by a Review" of the Gaule: The prefent Captain o f Payai -■ ïmà- Graedcja, is Rodrigo. Sanches Parinha ; the firft by Grant frcuivKvng Pedro I I ; .- .■ and-the* latter by Inheritance from his Father, Pedro Sanches Parinha, Secretary ,1 o f Grants and DilpatChes. ; ". ■- . ' " i 1- : ; ' '■ V v! - .> V o l . IL - ' ' ' ' r -r ■ * 3 A ■ ■ T he

Sa D I S S E K T A T I O N S o fiT h e chief Settlement in Fayal is the T ow n o f Hería, which I fliall prcferitl'y

deferibe: Bat previous thereto, I {hall mention the Places .circumjacent f.and; firft, the Patifh and Village of Nojfa Senborq da Conteigaon, which ftánds at the .Entrance o f the Tow n, And-ferns it as a-Suburb, containing 225.Families; and .immediate thereto is another Pariili, dedicated to Nojja Senborq'. das Angujliifg} ith, 164.: On the. C óaíl to. the South, are the Parifhes o f NffaSenbora da:Ajuda and

. Noffa Seniora da Grqgd> the Village o f .which laid .bci ng .‘.called Fray a ; do Ahuoxa "rife: On tiie Coaft. northward* aréfeen the P m iih e s o f5 wlLw/wo- in. the V il-'

lage o f Ribeirifiha, ^of Santa Barbara in the. Village dos Cedros, Nojfa. Seniora da L u z in Ribeira dps Flamengos-, Santa Catharine' called CaJMlobranco.-, \JNhflh\Seri-~

' bora daEfperimga ixi Gapello; and FrindadegX the Place called Fruya do Lorie. „.

;The T ow n 'of Hortd-Hands on the eailern Coaft, with a Bay and Port already ■ mentioned.: I t is delended'by feveraLEorts.and.Platform s, properly;.-placed,'

.where Nature hath left it;open, but. its principal safeguard is the C a file o f Santa Crp% in the T o w n .. I t ;contains upwards.of 500 Fairiilies, cxcliftive of. the In­habitants in the tw o Parifhes at its Entrance.1 T h e M other .Church o í.Salvador hath a Vicar and two Curates,/ Here is likewiie a Houfe o f Mercy, ari Hofpital, three Convents* and two Nunneries, vt£. oxié o í Francifcan loriars db Ob fern ane­cia, one of Carmelite calcados, a College o íje fu iis ; the M onafteryof St.John the Baplift, occupied by Nuns o f the Order of Santa Clara-7 and another; named da Gloria, o f which two Nuns o f the Concdgaon At Angra were Founders... . 1". -

This Town was railed to the T itle o f ati Earldom; in Favour o f H on Fran* eifeo Mafcareabas (as hinted) , but was. afterwards changed fo r that o f Santa fru z.

T h e 111 and o f Pico is in Length fixteen Leagues, and above five wide; it runs for the greateft Pait from Eaft-fouth-eaft to W eft-fouth-weft, and is eafijy known to Sailors by its extreme high Mountain, feen many Leagues ■ at Sea, and from which it takes its Name: It is commonly Laid; to be three Leagues'high; ■ but this, I believe, will be difálíowed by the Learned,; as .ari Elevation by far ex-, ceeding any in the W orld. T h e lile o f St. George. lies to the North o f it, and the Channel which runs between them is from two toFourLeagues w ide;-Baydl i i to the Weft, at about a League and, a half D iftance; and1 its chief Port,- facing tlie Southi is at a Tów n called Filia' das Lagens; having another íroútmg'Horta, named the Port o f Magdalena -, though both-of them are only capable o f receiv-i ing fmall Vclibls, , - ■ ■ -L ■ " .

Neither the Tim e o f its .DifcoVery, not the Difcoverers, 'do:precifelÿ appear.; hut it is reafonable to liippofe, that the Navigatots o f thé neighbouring liles were, the latter, and that no largé Space o f Time'intervened between the PoiTef-' fion of them all, The Commerce o f this IÛArid is very, confiderable in W ines tb m oil Places of the N orth; i t is.likewiie fertile in Wood,-, efpecially Yews and Cedars. ■ , : ' ■ ; f '.

Its principal Settlement is the T ow n das Lagens to the fouthward, with the Port beforementioned, containing upwards o f 200 Families, who have the M o­ther Church o f the Santfi/naFrindade for their Parochial : T h e other Tow n.is'S-. Rjoqne, to the North,-confiding o f 150 Families. . . \ t- Bçfidés thefe two Tow ns; this : Iftarid hativ.feveral rich andwell-peopled V il-

■■ lages, v izr ihe Village arid Pariih. of Santa Barbara in the Port of Santa Cruz ; the ) TUlage arid Patifh of S. Matt beta-, tliat of Magdalena y }'JSfoJJaSënhora. da fïedadey -theFminehce'of Santo yhnaro, and tlie V illageof Ribeirinbâ] o f Pratnbp:,: It coil- ; -tains only .one Convent; .-pofteifed by the Francifdan F tilrsh lT Objefakcta,}. r 1 ’ if '

H ere is at- preient in this Ifle a- partie ular Qiguidôr, ; as : in' th at; of -, Fayal, for ’ Caufes in thefirft Inftaiice, from - w hichan Appeal', lies to the Corregedor Oi F sr- oeira -y hut in whàt rëgards the1 Cuftp m s, that o fP fiV : gpef ; ùriited .with Fayal. \

f e r Ü v T h e

3 4 F; ; ; 183'■ . .r T he Iiland of Flores extends itfelf, N orth and'South, for the Space o f ten

, . Leagues; but is not above three wide, according to the Roteiro (or Journal) of . the chief CofmograpberManoeiPimcntd-, a Calculation widely, different from that

o f the Author of ÙA;I]t'/Îçria Infdana, whoxnakes.it little,more than five Leagues . long. ; It lies in' the Latitude o f 39 Degrees and 4.0 Minutes'\ having the Tim e

--V, .'of.its Difcovery and fi rii Planters unknown* as.tile.fait: And.as, thefedatiìeCir- . : 1 cumftances- occur ip regard to, the fubfequent I Hand Corvo, I -fhall, in treating of'.

it, excufe there.toimakè.Üiefe Repetitions, It.hath 'three)Harbours, all t with 1 '‘'twenty. Fathom-Water, t;/js. that fronting the Pilla das-Lagens, .to the South-eait; ■

1 ; ‘ in the Port da Rib'cira da Cruz, to the Fail ; and ope. bet weéni. the.Her mitage and ;; a Stream o f Water, which runs from the South-welt Part of the M e to the Sea3

- but neither o f them is ieciirc when the W ind blows crofs them. . . F-- ( 1 The principal .Settlement here is the Tovvm a ï Santa Çruz, coinpoled o f 200 .

■ " ; Families, having for their Parochial the Mother Church of, My?# Senhora do Con- '.ceiçacn 3 and here is alio a Convent, o f Francijean. Friars. Itgiv.es the Title! o f

, v : Earl totheeideft Spn o f the M arquis de G w ^ec,,inlleadof:that.ofEarls oÎHorta.T h e other Tow n o f this Iiland is the f iI ta 1 das Lagefis, which contami s : above 300

; Fires, whofe P aiiih Church is tlieM otlier‘one oiNoJfa Senhora doRojario, '■ Here j / are like wife th.e Villages o f Gedros, Pont a] S: Pedro, Lombi?, ■ and of the Pa]anas, '

great and finali. ' ' "

"The Bland o f Corvo lies to,; the North o f the lai! mentioned, and feparated r - .from it by a Canal o f above a League wide, being not above three in' Circuit -,

its,whole Coaftds a continued.high Rock, only opening to make the two fmall ; Ports o f Pefqueiro Alto and that o f da Cafa, It contains Only /one Paiiih, and

the Village o f Nojfa Senhora do Rofario, with up wards,.of 1 ro Families, which de-1 'pend on the Fow n o f Santa Crass, in the aforementioned Iiland o f Flores.

fh e C a p e d e V e r d e Ijlands.; 1 *

,. Are iittiated ah hundred Leagues to thè we ft ward o f the Cape, healing-the tame ; Name’3 -which is'!a Promontory on the Goaft.of Africa, in the Latitude of.14 Degrees arid one-third,, and almoft four Degrees o f .Longitude, between the two Mouths o f the River Niger, though nearer to that Arm o f it, forming the

. River Senegal, than to the other, called Rio Grande. Some Geographers iuppofe tips Promontory to be thè fa m ou s Arfm'arius or H eferiusof the Ancients, wrhich they feated at a} greater pittance from the Iflands than. that now mentioned. It was difcoVered in the Y ear 1443, by D in iz Fernandes, Servant to Kin gAffbnfo V , by Command o f that great Encourager o f .limitar Expeditions, the Infante Don Henri que, D uke o f Vtfett, fo often mentioned-' who, in regard to thè Beauty

1 and Pleaiantnefs’, o f its Appearance, ~ called it Gabo Vet de -, .which' Name was a f­terwards 'communicated to thè Illands : And thefe, feme Authors prétend, ère the Gorgades, Gorgonias, or FPfpeiddes, mentioned b jP lin y , Pomponius Mela, and Ptolemy. ■ ■■ - .

T h e Iflands were difepyered in the Year 1460, by Æitonio de I f eli, Genoeje> whom the Infante Don Henrique lent on that Expedition ; „and which the faid ... '

.. . . Infante gave to diffonfo V , his. Nephew3 'arid he to his, Bro they, the Infante D.on. .Fernando, on the 19th Of September, T462: Some Tim e after-King John IL made a Grant o f them to .Seignior Don D uke Of afterwards K ing ‘ ''■

..' g o f Rortugql, '■ F, V : ! ;- y a; -F, ■ g F ■ : ;.F '■ F ,L . , - F;■ * Their Number is varioully reckoned, being by dome counted ten, and by V

f , others I eleven ■ \ which-DHlerence arifes. fropnealHng, a: neighbouring ^7^ ; an . F .i Iilandp The Names they commonly go by/ are, Santiago, Mayo, Boa-Fiji a*.., ■ '

/. .Sal, Fogo, Brava, S. Nicolao, Santa Lucìa, S. Vicente, and’ Santo Antaon 3 the !F .. v ■ ; ' - : ' ■ . ■ - ' ''Bland

' D I S S e L t ;Ifland o ï Fogo is likcwife called S. Filippo from a' Town . in it of thaï Dene- /. •mination. - - , r . j ; l-1-3!\.■

T h e Ifland o f Santiago is the.Chief,of tKe'&ÿtë de ìferde Iflarids, riinhmgNfoithC ■ weft and South-eaft, eighteenXeagues in Length ; and eight ; w ide fi its ' rioit h-w eft;: ■ Cape lies" in the Latitude -of 15 Degrees' -and 3 yM m utes,, and Longitude 3 53 Dep: grées.'-and 54 Minutes. It was difcovered on the i l l o f d ^ j , i 4 0 o /:being th e '. . D ay on which the Church, celebrates the F eifi v al ,òf!S t. Jam es Minor i and; for ; this; D ’ . Rcaion it was called after his Nam e.: Its Capital is-the City; o f Santiago -of Ri-- • ' : . ¿eira grande (o f which I filiali treat prefently) ; and at three’LeagueSjDiftance is another good Settlement, in the Tow n o f Fraya.

In the Bland are two principal Ports j that o f the City, for large Ships, with i.'r ift; an anchoring Place from twelve to fifteen' Fathom; W ater, wirhout fomc final! ft lilands j but the Bottom is ■ rocky, ; and cuts the Cables 3 though finali Veil'ds -, ! -;.ufiually ride here, liotwithftanditig the K ilk r Tlj:-v '' ■ "ftft:ft rp;/ ;ft ■' '' ; T h e other and beft Harbour in all the Ifland, is. that of/Vtfjpj, fornjed in a ■ Bay o f near a League wide, and running near half a one witliin Land - "having/: ft from eight to ten Fathom W ater, and affandy Bottofty, 'wiüldùthriy .Dan'gèr'j-. èìv;.

. cept o f a Bank that runs out ■ from its weftem Point,which is. guarded again ft in 1palling to the C ity : Befides thefe, there arc other, two Havens, viz., that o f Ri- beiraùn Correa ¡and Cdni/fos, ferying only for; JBarksj the firft to the Eaft, and the other to the North-weft of the City. - , : "ft ;; .ft' ■■ - ft

T h e City o f Ribdra grande, qt o f Santiagoi Formerly it Wa ; a Tow hi called; Ribeira grande, arid fiûwit- is diftinguiflied by the Name o f the C ity o f 'Santiago "by Grant from K ing John III ; in whofe Reign it was;raifed t o a ’Biihop’s See, by Pope Clement VII, in the Year11532, and affigned as.Suffragan d o theA rçhbifhop, o f Funchal -, in 1550, Pope Julian III. fubjccled it to - the Metropolitan: o f Lijbon, ; until the Repartition made by the golden Bull in th e Year 1716 , it remained ap- pertaining to the Archb.iihop o f Eajl-Lijbon. ,

It is compofed o f 500 Fires ; 'and its Cathedral, o f five,Dignitaries and. twelve ' ’Canbnfhips : T he Dignities, are,- a. Dean,. Chanter, Archdeacon, chief Trea;t ", hirer, and School mailer'.. Its firft Biffi op was Don Braz Neto, elected, in the .Year 1 ¿33,-who was fucceçded by many others, to Don. Fr. jofeph de SantaMa- ‘ : rtade yefus, a F ria ro f dSitRefortnaxdr.Varatojo, coniecrated on: the 8 th o ï July,1721, who was many; Years after governing th at Church.. . ■ ■

dkepwu^ft' This City fiifferedtwo great. Calami tous Events ;'-;The one, from its bein g;Hifthof v Plun^er!^ an^1 a great Part burnt in the1 Year 1583, by Manoel de Sjrrddal Ca-\ iiv, 6 . cap.‘3(,. melo, who followed the Party o f Seignior pori Antonio, in the Expedition com­

manded by ^darnel da,Sylva, Earl o f Fonres-Vedras, , to whom the/ifaid Prince in- ft ; trufted the G ov eminent of Terceira i but ip a little Titnri both .the E arf and Mad ,, nûd de Serradas were made Prifoners by the Marquis of- Santa Cruz, and exe­cuted in ‘the Name of Philip IL -'..ft ....... y .ft

T he other Misfortune happened in the Year 1712, when .Moni. C a p ri, Com­mander of 3. French Squadron, lacked the City ; arid, after ptriting;foe.Governor to Flight, drove him out o f the Ifland. .■ i ft ; f t f t f t : f t f t ; f t D ( rh''=;

Thè. -Ifland. o f May liés in the! Latitude of, i p Dégrées ;ahd: rgd: Minrites^and- '.h v3 5 5 Degrees and 2 0 -R7finutes.Lhng^t’uhe,;;t 0 ;‘t h ^ it; ,'h

.. ïs-dhlànt five or fix Leagues ;, tThe, ^afbòùr isi tp f it ;;SouÜi-éalL' wliferetStrâp-;^ ■ ; .: ■ gers go to make Salt, and the IV / ^ e / r ,to load

T h e Ifland o f Bona-Vijla, The Latitude o f this Ifland is exaclly 16 Degrees, h ' ■ . ' 3 5 5 Degrees and 35 Minutes Longitude, lying, ciglite'eri Leagues to tire-ihh':'r

■ North-eaft o f Santiago. It is eight long, arid four broàcl, running N orth-w eft, V.[\i y : 1 ? 1 ■ .: * ■ 1 ; ; V

- I‘J'j

L

7': S;P.;á Í:K ';a:í s í -r e3-Et|T:xj' :>; ’and south-enft,. confiftir.g o f high Lands and very, fltarp Mountains. It hath . two Ports, o f which that.lying to the South-calf is called Curralinbd, ¡on a fandy 1b ¡Shore; w ith fifteen to hateen Fathom W ater; the. other is to1 the South; befóte

which rifes a finall Ifland, o f about a Mile in Length, inclining foutluvard, and - making a Harbour, fix or feven Fathom deep, -with- a good Bottom, which,,hot

being the Cafe between the great and little Ifland (where run's: a, Ridge of Rocks); .V Anchorage there is ihiecure; about a Quarter Of :a League to tilerEaft, is año*:: tiler Ridge or Shelvfe, in Meáíuí'e about a Cabled Length.

' M

■ . T h e Tile o f Salt: T h e Situation o f'th is Ifland :isTin i6. Degrees and three -p , Quarters Latitude, with 355 Degrees an dyoM in utesLon gitude; it lies North- . ’C.-pqajft w ith the'Midfile 6 f Sap tï'ag L fro hY w h e'ncd'ît • is diftant twenty eight Leagues;■ y ■■ ■ h little more or lfefs.- ;,:'Tqthe.$dLlth^\vdt I? i a imalT Port, hit a ' handy "Strand ï and - : !-to ' the EaiVlies a fmall Ifle near the Shore;' with 'à/S-helve. in ¡'a' Bay,-looking to- . : Wards: the-N orth. It is u n in habited, '- and breeds but few Cattle. ■ ■ ' ■ :

'Pfie Ifle o f Fogo takes its Kahie from a bfirning Mountain in it, though it is ; ; .Called; by (oírte S. Fi/ipper front a i.qwyi here o f t’hgt .Appellation. ft is in 14 De-

'i- gifefs afid ^M ihutes.LaÜtufie, ^îd^yyQegrces.'æTLd^j M inutes Longitud?, ly ’ , in g y/qíLiouth-w eíl vvith the foutfi Point o f Santiago, from which the Di ftan ce

eleven Le^guès. ■ ■ ' Its Port to thy W çjt i s . g : ycry ind i fièrent one, rendel-ed fo - ’ hy thqfti-ong Current which ruiVTtH^re,.anil (phl Cround : I t is ,forro und ed by

■' : ' high gpd,ipeq^n4 icphif_E,qchs;-though wií^ni.t_.CnÍQ)rs a pure Air; .and.is very fertile, and abounding with Provifions. r,‘ ■ . 1 :

T h e Ifland Brava, This Ifland lies in .the fame Latitude and Longitude with the preceding, from, which it is .diftant five Leagues1 weftward; it hath a Port

;. to the South-eafl-, capable o f admitting large Ships, :as hath from fourteen,td eighteen Fathom of Water.

T he Ifland o f St. Nicholas, -Twenty four Teagues are reckoned from thenortk- 1 'weft Cape oi'Santiago, to the Louth Point o f this Ifle; wh ofee after h one fies L i th e Latitude o f 17 Degrees, and 3 53 Denrées-1 and 3 7 Minutes Longitude : This; jo intly with the Iflands o f Santa Luzia, S- Pincent, and St, Antlmiy, run Eaflr- Louth-eaft and'Weft-north-Weft, diftant thirty five Leagues, all in.:Sight. of one another. It hath two Ports, one. to the South, called PortoAaPcrguiça-, and

..the other to the.Nortli-weft.of that, named Farrafal; which, laft is clean,with file and LeVeh Fathom W ater1; though .theinhabitants are fettled a League withirf the other of Pa-guiça. ' ‘ ■. / 1 /

. . T h e Ifland. o f Santa Luzia. T he fouthern Pint o f this Ifle lies in 16 Degrees rand 50 Minutes o f Latitude, and in. 3 52 Degrees, .and.50 Minutes.Longitbde, ly-

■ ing N qrth-w eft.and)South-eyft with, the' north-weft Point 'of Santiago, -from '¡whence it is diftant.about thirty.Leggu.es.; . ItgPqrt fies tp the Laft-fouth-eaft, ■

on a very clean Shore; and the Ifland fpreads to tfie T’orth-eaft■ and by North,' - , thirteen ■ Leagues. int Length; and to the South-ea^’ it hath two fmall Ifles, fe-

■ parated but a very little Space from it. ' / - . ■■■. ; . ■ . ;

; ;■ ! ' T he Ifland o f Saint Vincent is nine Leagues long, running alfo North-weft:: ;■ and SoutIi-e:ail with t he abovemen non ed Cape, o f Santiago, from which it lids ■ ../

. : forty four League's. It liath' tw;o Ports; ,one looking tbwaids: iflie iflan d o f (:''.,■ Santo■ Aniaon, in the Latitude of 17 Degrees and 20 Minutes,''and 352 Degreed

1*. v:' J and-10 Minutes Longitude f a t is fo -very' extenfiV ef'a s' to - be, capable1 o f rteceivc;; ■■ ( ■; Ihg.atfleaff'‘twolhuiidred' large -Ships; with a ele&n. jBottbra;;; andftielfefed - ■■ ■ ':Lj■ all W in d s:, T he other Harbour is; to1 the foutliward, where t\i€ Portngucfe 'gel. to . -: / T o l .TL L '! 3 - load ' ■

■ iS<5

Jviôharch. Lti- fiu torn.. 5. tí*. 19. cnp.14.

Chronica dd Rev D- Joaon o l t pof Gar­da de ïtcfai- dc, cap. yjS.

' D I S S E R T A T I O N ’ S o \* ■■load Cour ama. It is uninhabited, but very abundant in Turtles and MounA tain Goats, ; ■ ■ ■■

. T h e Ifland. o f St, Anthony, fpreads dfetf to theíÑorth-north^aft.5 - and from ita foüthcm Cape, to the' northern one o f Santiago is reckoned fot’ty ei^ht: Leagues ;■ It is twelve long; ahd 'its Port,■ ■ ■ to the'N orth-eaft,;is exactly 18 Degrees Lati­tude, and 351 Degrees and'5:5'ArihutesiLôri^ihide. ' y;

T h e lile ofLV. 'Thomas; - T liis Ifland rifes in the Éthiopie Ocean, iñ á .Quinsy Sea, at the Diftance o f thirty nine Leagues to, thé ,Weft^north-\veft-of the Cape of hopo Gonçakes, and forty ieven to the W eft o f the Rwwt.Gabaon. T h e A n ­cients believed that.the eqUino£tigiLine,páfTed tlirough th eM id dleof this file* but by Obfervatións lately made, it is uncovered tp fie to.the northward o f it y fo that its foutliernmoft Side liés in 6. Minutes northern Latitude, and its nor A them Part in 40 Minutes ; • its lon gitude jis, in 31 degrees 'and fomwMinutesp computing the firft Meridian from the Iflc o ï Ferro. ; ■ t „ _ ,

T h e Name' it bears, was' that fhft impofed in M em oryr (as Doctor F r. Fran- ■ afeó Brandaon repo its)1 oiSt . Thomas .of Canterbury ( as the Roman Kalender ftiles him ); to whom the great Chapel o f the Convent o f Thomar (Head o f the m ilL litary Order o f Chrijl) 1$ dedicated: On whdíe jiififdiólioá, all the Difcoveries;, as well o f the Iflands as the Continent;, wëre ( in the ipiritual) made de­pendent. The Tim e o f its Difcovery orD ifcoyerér is’ uncertain, o f which thé great Hiftorîan, Joaon Je Barros\ complains; but, front reafonableConjéftures, the firft is fuppofed to have been about’the Year 1471, and in the Reign o f 'A fi

finjo V . King o f Portugal^ ■ y A .tit ;.ti 1 "Thefe Princes have made many Grants o f the Captainftiip o f tiré lije. T he

firft that w e read o f by John JI, was to Joaon de Parea (his. Armpur-bearef) in Cintra, on the 24th o f September, Ï485 : In the Year 1495, the faid K in g gave, and made it à R ight o f Inheritance, to Ahdro de Caminhà, a Gentleman of Ills Houihold; and! ordered all the young Children o f the Jews, which bad,not re­tired from his. Dom inions. in the T im e limited, to be carried to this 111 and, and brought up-in .the Chriftian Religion. K ing Manad afterwards !granted it to Fernaon de Mella, a Gentleman. :of his Houihold,- . for hint and his lawful. Heirs, exempting them from the mental Law ; but his Ghàndfon, Ghrijlovaon de Mello, quitted the faid Capitanía,, tin; the K in g ’s giving him a certain Right, .by Grant, in theMon til o f January, 1558,., bein^f then in his M inority.

The Settlement o f St. Thomas was enriobled with the Charter tif à City, by:. King John III; in whofe Reign (in the Year 1 s g f ) , ' Y opt Clement V IL erefted tlie Mother Church o f Santa Maria 'da Graça into a' Cathedral : And his Succef- for, Pas/. I ll, at the Inftance o f the faid Prince, made I t Suffragan to the Arch— bifhops of Funchal ; but Pope Julius III; for forhe prevailing Reaions, fubjefted it to the Metropolitans of Lijbon i m i j io ; and, lince the Repartition o f the gol­den Bull, in the Year 1716, it appertains to the Archbilliop o f Eaji-Llfbon, T h e Kingdoms of Congo and Angola were at firft annexed to the ,Bishopric o f St. Tho­mas, but were afterwards fepafated frota it, as. I fhall fubiequéntly fijew in, its proper Place. 1 ./r'yf 'V. /' ' f :f ■■ ''-''f1,. ; ■

The inft Biiliop (excepting fomti who were only.titular) .of this tile; was Don ■ Fr . Joaon Baütijla, o í the/,1Order o f Fregadores (or Preachers)!; who has been fuc- -■ ceeded by feveral others, to D ohE r t Joaon. Snhagumy o f thç Order o f .Hennîts Æ/.calçbs of Sf. Auguflin, f '.--'r. V..'1;1 ' - if V. ''f t i- It is a large Place, containing, above one hundred Years ago, upwards of 700 Fnesj haying been taken by theDb/o&, in the Time of the Union between Per-. tugal and Cajiik. : »; VVy "w-v é Jy v.'l.. \\ l

. . . : "'■ ■ ■ ■ ■ .. " f - / ' ; 1'- " h '' ' 'T h e .

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L . - : : 187

: The P rin ce s Ifl and lies In 1 Degree and 37 Minutes o f North Latitude, and ;¿8 Degrees and 50 Minutes Longitude, computing from the Middle-of the1 Illand3. its Diibince f r o m S t .T im a s is twenty Leagues from the North-eaft: and by North, and thirty two from the River o f S. Benio> Eaft and W eft: It is com­monly reckoned feven Leagues long* and•its Port, to the,Eait-north-eaft, is 1 above a Mile iii Length,' with five or fii Fathom of Water at the'Entrance > and

1 within, hath a clean and good fand,y Bottom ., i - k ;.: ■, |,' „ ^ :

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A P P E N D I X

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T V J kedoms o f Alafoens, Aveiro, and Cadaval, , : ■ .--y 'v ;- , ;-. V i.'T ■^ M arquis a t e s o f A ir antes, Aegrete,Angeja, Arronthes^ Gafcaes, 7<ontes,Fronted a, Gouvea, Mari a h a, Minas, N iza , 1 favor a, and Vale??ya.\ ■■ i ; ' y

E arldoms o f Alva, Alvor,Arcos, Arganil, Affamdr, Atalaya, Atcuguia, Avei- fas, Aviates, Calbefa, Cantanbede, CafelbmelbOr, Cotultm, .Friedya, Galvedsy. Ilba, ■ Lavradio, S, X ouren o, S ;■ MigUel, Monfafito, Qbidos, Onda, Pombeiro, Ponte, Povo- Udej Prado, Redondo, Ribeira grande, Rio grande, BabngcJ'a, Bandomil, Santiago, Bar- zedas, Boure, farouca,. Val deReys, Valladares, \B,Vicmiex fiU a -P $ r, Villa-Aova, VUla-Verde, Villa-mayor, VimtetrOi Vtmiofo, and. Unbam, ' r. >' ;

V iscounties o f Villa-Nova dd Gervettai Affeca, ;and Barbhcenad ; Baronies of A hito , in the H oufe o f the Earls o f Oriola, ax\ft:pf:Ilba grande,

D U K E D O M S . :

O f the D ukedom of Alafoens. .

T his Title was created in the Year 1718, by fobn V", in. the.Perfon o f D on Pedro, Son to Don Miguel, legitimated Son o f K ing Peter II, and married to Donna Luiza Cafmira deBoufa, Heirefs to the Marquis o fAfronch.es. T his Lord was born on the 29th of January , . iy 1%, and, by the faid Prince, made Duke o f Alafoens at his Baptifm; who alfo fometime after granted ,to the.Duke’s M otlier the Honour of Duchefs, Which ihe enjoyed to her Death, that1 happened on the 16th o f March, 1729. [See this mentioned' in the, Marquifate oiAm-oucbesJ

O f the D ukedom of A veiro: Lancaitios. - / ^

This great Houfe had for its Stock Don Jorge, legitimated S,on o f King JvB ftlL and Donna Anna de Mendoza, Daughter o f Nuno.Furtado de Mendoza, head. Har­binger to KingAfbnfo V . ' The King his Father made him Duke of Coimbra, arid1 M ailer o f the Orders of Santiago and Aviz-, adding to the Grant the Royalties of Montemor, Aveiro, Torres-Ncvas, and other Lands. Tins Houfe takes the D e­nomination of Lancajlro, in Memory of the Q ueenDonnA:F/////f,t: W ife to K ing John I, who was Daughter to JohnUUkt o f Lancafler in Pnghmd, and Grandfoii to K ing Rdnaard III. 7 : ■ , ■ ,

Don foam de Lancafro fucceeded his Father Don Jorge:(cbmmonly called, the' Duke-Mafer, from his being fo of the aforementioned Orders); whom K ing Ma­nvel made Marquis of forres-Novas, and John III. created D uke.df w/ro. This.. / Hdb&triari Eat! fo His SonD on Jorge de Lancafro, thefiril o fthe'N an hy and le- cond Duke o f Aveiro, whole Daughter, Donna Juliana de Lanca/lro, married with her Uncle, Don Alvaro, de Lancajlro, .third Duke df Aveiro, and from this Matri­mony fprung Don Jorge de jmncajlro, fecond o f the Name; and the fifil: Duke 1 o f Forres-Novas npt: arriving tp be Duke tif. Aveiro, . as he died in , the Life-tim e y ■' o f the Dutcheis his M other: He was followed by. his Son, Don Raymundo;de:Ldn-'x ; | cafiro, .fourth, D Uke o f A im ro, who] .going; oyer to tiiey Court-of Bfain,:fdy fbey ■■ ■;

' cceded in the Family Kftates and Honours By his Uncle, Don Pedro de jfancajigo, : Inquilitor-general, who became the fifth Duke of Aveiro, ■■ :i r 1 ; ; ! 'y d ‘g :

Finally;:- cm theDeceafc ó f the faìd Don Pedro, Donna Maria dè Guadalupe, Sifter ioDoktRaym undo, and married with Don Ma?ioel Ponce de Leapn,Dnk& o f Artpip being then at Madrid, was declared Heirefs to the PiouStoiA veiro, by a Decree of' the Tribunal at L ijb o n palled on the 20th of OSìobèr, 1679, and con- firmed on t h r i f t o f M atch, 168r, on Condition of. her Return to Portugal, and

■ refidiug in' that, Kingdom, w ith due Subjection to the Kings thereof* : - 1 ;/Diìlher D.eathftwhichhappened in February, 1715, fevétal Pretenders appeared

; for the Eft ate-and''Honours, as the-Whole hath been mia ted in the Defcription ■ of A^eif&i and poVtheD uhedom iof Forfe^Nzuas goes annexed tò 'that Of Aveiro, ■ in iFaybuh-of .'the.' Primogeniture of -that Honfe. K in g Manoel gave the Title o f M arquis \de' Ferres-Novas 'to theYldeft Son-of D on Jorge,. ktyà Philip II. èxalted the Marqhifate into a'Dukedom, • : ' l ■, . - ‘ . v; -Don "Gabriel Pon ce ' de Lèaó'n Làntàftrò And Làrde'nas, .' fecohd 'Soft o f' the a fore- Paid D ohhaMdri'a. dpGuàdàlupei is ot'lately was ihcTixth Ddfc&M'Aulirò, having ‘beén diftirigtdihed-'before in ;the Title h f Duke dc-Hanbo s-, from whence

; he, came to Portugal ifi the Year T732, 'and on the ad o f ihlhy, that Year, did Ho­mage fo »King •John V . ■ — l_ ■ ■ ■ ■

: - • ;v O f the D u ke .oom o f Cadaval : Mellos. ..

1 This Diikedom. whs éieftedffiy, King-yb&YlW, in the Year 164^ in-Favour o f D on Nuno -Àivares P ereira de Mello, the fourth'Marquis òf Ferreit'a, and fifth Earl

-of Lentugal, being a Branch of the royal Houfe o f Braganpi, having for Root D on Alvaro, third Sbn to D on Fernando, fir if o f the Name, and fecond Duke o f Rrdgbdfa. He wàs'OoùrifeHór o f State to Quetn -Luiza, AjfohfoVÌ, Pedro II, and John V -, o f thè Gffiee o f Grants Ahd'DiipatcheS ■ ’Field-mdftdr- general o f pfre-_ niadural^ikd hear- the rbyal Perfon > Càptain-géneral o f the Hbrfe at Court; and in ftfte -faid Prdvinte - AmhafTador to Satiety -, Lord -High Stewaid ;to three Queens j

’ Prefidfent of thè UÌtram arine Council, of the T 0Bacco Commiffiòn, and lailly o f thè hlgh-CoUrt bp JulVicein the Palate*- He died on. the 29th of January, 1727, aged-'eighty nine Years, as he was born on the 4th of November, 163 8 the Du- chefsy h is1 third W ife, Daughter o f F u iz ■ dè Lbrefta, ■ Earl o f Arcourt- Armagnac, Féferftand Maifter o f ft he 'Horfe iii France, a Prince/óf the Houle o f JLÓrenèJàe.-

' céafè'd \h December^ if^ d l TBefe Lords to o k ’the-Surname o f Mello, from D onha Filippa de Mello, W ife to" the àf 0 It nienti0hed D o n-AlPard', who was Daughter and Ilèiréfs to Don Rodrigo Ajfonfo de Mello, Piarl oi~0 livened. •"/ /. W'. ‘'■ -Ih'flie Tife-fim e' offthe firft D uke'of Cadaval, his Fob, .-Doli IM z Ambròfio de Mtft/4 'ftvasTec^ that Title, and died without Suècèifion on tile 13 th 'o f 'NbÙ'èMiM, ■ ' 17 o ¿S': ;’H is Brother; Dori Jay ìììe' f . LfP elb , doeKiibw òr lately did ehjoy-the TitÌeft-bémg thè: third Dlike o f Cadhval'? ‘ both dn' &f September,iKSqft arid" m afrieduft the; f .6th o f' thè Laid1 M biithy11702, ;to ponna L uiza , ha- th ra lD 'àh^httr1bPÉ .trig3 Pcter. f l y !àtìd'Vyidów o f Dhkp5L u iz, who died oh’fthe. 2 3d of December,; i 7 3 ‘f ftfit hftht 'f Sh cCeìh b n . The'fdiH Duke Don Jay me is Cbhh- fellof o f State, Maftfer b f .the Horfe ty . V ? aiid Prefidenbof the Mefa da Con-

W.- Wh" ,' M A R Qi;U f S A T :E S*

h M P f - P vi AT A T v.^.. Y ft' : OY grdb. t f 'jh -,,,.11 t t ^ r ; a . f '. The. M a rqjtisate o f Abrantes : Sas. Ay. ->:;. ; -. . ;

v-.'VyA5-’ ftreótéd[ b y ;fyingJohn M i1 ini the Y èan 174 8 ,> in F aVour p f D on Rodrigo A?}ties ;de'Sa:Almeida e Menezes, third iMarquis oiFontes, and iixth Earl o f Petia- guiam -, Aicaide>m6r and Capitaoti mór o f the City. bf Pw/c?, Governor o f the Arms

■ o f tlie faid City ; Grantee of die: Fortifications’.of S,.Joaon dfl Foz. do Porto, and ' Noffa Senhora das Pfeoisr in Le$a de AÌpttofmbqi f ' Ambaftador 'extraordinary to : Pope elem ental, and to K ing Philip ìV ; o f . ^ ; « ; Gentleman pf the Bèdcham-

•W o h flL - """■ '' * 3 c • ber

■ S P A I N a n o P O R T U G A L .

D I S S E R T A T I O N S 6 n

ber to J o in V , andPeador o f the Revenue; He'died at Abrdntef, on the 30th of

Aprils 1733. . ' ; ' ■ 1 ' . ■The Marquilate o f Pontes was infhtuted in the Teat 16^8,. by Ajbnfo VI, in

the Perfon of Franctfeo de Sa e Menezes, fourth Earl of P enaguiah, - Lord High Chamberlain to the laid Prince; his Son, Don Joaon Rodrigues de Sa e Menezes> fecond Marquis; o f Fontes, was fucceeded by his Brother,: Don Rodrigo Annes de Sa Almeida e M enezes, third Marquis rof Pontes, as his Brother died juft as he was going to be married, and was afterwards the firft M arqm s o f Abrantes* 1 1;

The Earldom o f PenagAaon had its Beginning in Joaon.Ro&rigues de Sa e M e­nezes, eldeft Son o f Sebajliaon de Sa 'e M enezes, hy Grant ffonnthe Cardinal King Tton Henrique, inftead of the Title of Earl ofM attofinhos, which his Uncle Fran- eifeo de Sa e Menezes had, whofe Heir he Was : .His Son, Frtmcifco de Sa e Mene­zes, fecond Earl o f Penagmaon, followed, who was Father to Joabn{de Sa. e M e­nezes, third Earl with that Title, one of the Prodaimprs of JohnYV , and his L o rd : High Chamberlain; to whom fuc<;&^Acd-Franc(fco,de Sa-e M enezes, fourth Earl of Penaguiaon, and firft Marquis of F o n d as nbovementioned., :

This Earldom runs with the Primogeniture of the Houfe; and DOYsJoachm Francifco de Sa e M enezes, Son to the firft Marquis o f Abr.antes, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to King John V, is of lately was the feventh Earl o f Pena­gmaon, and fourth Marquis of Pontes,, as alfio, hy the Death o f his Father,; be­came the fecond Marquis of Ahrantes.

Fbe M arquisate o f Alegrfte: Sylvas. -

The Creation of this Title was by K ingPf/ir l l , in Favour o f Matioel Feller da Syha ,fecond Earl o f Villa-M ayor; Gentlepian, o f the Bedchamber to the faid Prince and yobn :V ; Regedor o f the Juftices, and Infpedtor of the Revenue; Am- baflador to the Court of the Elector Palatine, Conductor of Queen M aty-Sopfna- Ifabel of Neuburgb, Coimfeliqr of "State and the Difpatch. His Son and Succef- * for, Fernam Felles da Syha, , was the fecond Marquis of A kgrete, and .third. Earl of Villa-M ayor; Gentleman of the Bedchamber to 'John V , Inlpe£tor o f the Re­venue, , AmbaiTador to Vienna, and Coqductpr of Queen M ariana, of A u jiria , and Counfellor of State, who died in the Year 1734: His Son, M anod Feller dq Syha, Was in the, father’s Life-ftme tlrird Marqpis:of Alegrete, fourth Earl o f Villa-. Mayor, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber-to King John V /

T he Title o f Earl of Villa-Mayor is. annexed to the eldeft Son o f the Fam ily) and. he who firft enjoyed it rwaS'.FernaOn.Felles da Syha, fecond Son to L u iz da Syha, for the Services o f his Brother,, Antonio Felles da, Syha,, Captarq.-general;of BrajfVi he was fucceeded by his $on, Mamet Fella da Syha, the firft Marquis o f Akgrcte, as aforefaid.. f i t prpfent or very lately, the fifth E arl.of Villa-Mayor- is, or was Femqpn FellesJa- Syha, , ’S on to ..the .tjurd M arquis, Manoel Fella da Sylva, who was .marrieft to- Donna Maria de Daughter ftp Joaon Gomel F 1 ^yha,Earl o f Faroucq, who died November,. 1727, leaving Succeflion. ' , (- .■■, . ■ ..

' The MARQtrisAfE'^'Angejaf' Noronhas/ ' “ ‘,,JThe firft Marquis with this Title was Don Pedro Antonio de Noronha, a De-;

feendant by the Mal6 Line frpttrthp Earl of Gijrn, Do iyAjfonfo and Donria Ifabel,_ given him by fhang john V. in the Year 1714, being then fecond Earl o f.V illa - Verde; he was General.of :tKe:Hotfe,1 Field-marihal General aud Governor of the Arms, of the Province oFAlentejo, Viceroy o f India ahd B ra jil, Cotinfellcif of State, fnfpector of the Revenue, and High Steward to the Princefs o f Brafih

By the Death of the afofefard Marquis, Don 'Pedro 'Antonio, on the 6th o f J u ly , - 1731, his Son; '©oh A ntom oA e.N oronba^lSl^ichdX dt-G ^m ^i and'Governor o f .■ the Arms of the Province of - M nbo,b ec aril e fecond Marquis-of-Aftgejq, arid third Earl o f Villa-Verde'-, who, having been appointed one 6f the Gouncil o f W ar

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L .

in' i 73 5 f ■ died' the- fame Year;, and left a Succeflibn from h ia Alliance With a •Daughter o f the Earl of Taronca,

T h e Seigniory o f Vttki-Verde appertains to "theft Lords, from an -Alliance of one o f their Anceftors, called Don Maninho de Noronha, with Donna Gidmar de Albuquerque., Daughter to Fernaon de Albuquerque, third Lord o f V illaA A de,

. The Marquisat£ o f Aronches:: Sonias-.

T his M altpiiftte1 is of:.the Year 1674, and was Created by the' Prince-Regent, after the Reclufiott of Affonfo VI, in the Perfon o f Henrique de Soufa Tavares, third Earl of Miranda. A t .prefent or lately Donna Manana de Soufa, his Grand­daughter; did or does enjoy the Title o f Marchioneis o f Artmches, Who was mar­ried to Carlos Jofefih de'Ligni, Prince-of the facred Roman Empire, and Senefchal oi.San au , fecond Marquis o f Aronches -, w hich: Matrimony produced Donna -Lui&a Cafimifa dr Soufa, Heirefs to that Houfe, and Duchels o f Alajbens, who died on the 16th o f March, 1729, as I have mentioned, in deferibing that Duke­dom-. • --■ ■ ■ ■ ’ -- - ■

T h e Earldom o f Miranda goes with , the Primogeniture of-the D o M to i Arori- ches;, and was' eredted by R ing Philip- Hi ¿4 the Year 1612, in .the Perfon o f Hen- rique de Soufa, Governor o f the Court o f Juitice at Porto, Prefident d f the Senate ■ at Lijbon, mid; o f the Council o f State, who fucceeded bis -Uncle Diogo Lopes de ■ Soufa-, and was followed by a Namefake of- the Uncle’s, fecond Earl o f Miranda, Who was Father to Uenrtque de Soufa, third Earl o f Miranda and the firil Mar­quis o f Aronches, and 6f L m z de Soufa, Archbiihop o f Lijhon, created a Cardinal by Pope Innocent_ SIX. in 1697; he was Succeeded by his Son,, Diogo Lopes de Soufa, fourth Earl o f Miranda, and Father to Donna Mariana de Soiifa, mentioned at the beginning o f this Article» - . ‘ f'1' ...

• The M AkquiSATE of Cafcaes: Cailros. . 1 ‘ '

:. T h is 1 Marquifate was inftituted by King John IV , in Favour o f fc)oii Alvaro Pires de Cajiro, fixth Earl o f Monfanto j - Frontetro mSr, Goudel mbr, and Alcaide nw roi Lijbon, Ambaflador extraordinary to the Court .of France iivthe Year i 643 > and o f the Council of S t a t e H e was fucceeded by his' Son, Don L utz Aivares de Cajiro, feventh Earl of Monfantb, and was alfo Ambaifador extraordinary to hid moft Chliitian Majefty in-theYear.1695,- and Gounfellor o f State. In the Life*, time o f 'this Nobleman,- Don Mandel J-ofepb de Cajiro Nororlha A t aide ‘¿‘Soufa be­came the third Marquis o f Cafcaes,' and ai prefent1 is or -lately was' the: Chief o f this Houfe* eighth Earl o f Monfanto, Fronteiro mbr- of- the Kingdom f Couterro mtr and Goudel m oroi hifbon, and itsTCrritories, & c. Alcaide mbr o f that City’s oriental and occidental Divifion, General de Batalha, Governor and Captain-ge- neral o f the Kingdom oCAlgarVe, 1 Governor. o f the'Tow eri b f Belem, o f the Council o f W ar, and Gentleman o f the Bedchamber- to 'King'Johh V.- v.1 ■1 - - T h eft Noblemen are- Ntironhps 'by1 Name,, Defcefidants -of D o n ’Afbhjb, Earl

o f G if of 1, and Donna; Ifabely Children to King iJenrtque II, of' Cajlile,- and Fer­nando- o f Portugal, by Dari- Fernando -de Noronha, - Earl oi-Villa-Real^, but they took the Appellation oi'C afro ,-‘from the Alli ance o f D an foam de Nor onha with DqnXitLfo'anna de Cq/lro,.Daughter and Heireis to D on Alvaro-de Cajiro, firft Earl oi: Monfanto, in the Reign o f by-the Death o f her Brother;;’D on Joaon ,de Cajiro, fecond Earl p i Monfanto, witKoutSucceffidhri- ‘no■ - r re;.- T h e laid Earldom -of. Monfanto runs w ith the Primogeniture of this Houfe; A n d .lately Don Fernando.de Noronha enjoyed- the-Title5o f th eh ih th E d rl 6 i Moh«

fanio, although he was not the firil bom7 as -King John V . -granted him the Dig- -_ nity-in. the Year 1714, at the -fame time -giving him Jhc-SeighioiyAfd^rodairv,

and -the Alcaidaria mbr o f Guimaraens, as his - Brother the Marquis Don Manocl de\Oajlro\\VL<\ then no Succelfion, thoughdie has-fiiicK T h e faid Don Fernando

■ - unhappily

unhappilydied,of Polfoü, on the i£ th 6 i December, ^722; a n d ^ ^ r e fe n t P0 f- fefibr of the Hoiiours and Eftate, is Don L u iz fifieph,Thomas-deCafiro, tenth Earl oî-Monfanto, and Soir to the third Marquis o f Cajffâet, bom. ùn fhe t 3 th o f Septembery 17.47. . . - 1 -

: The’M a rqu isats ôfFrbnteifa: MaicarenhaS. J

This Title had its'Beginning in the Perfon ofiDon Joaon Maficagenbas by Grant from the Prince Regent Don Pedro, afterwards King o f Portugafrhtm g then fé­cond Earl da Torre*, he Was Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to hisifaid Protestor, Field-mafter-general o f the Court and P ro v in c e ^ Efiremadura, Inipeétor o f the Revenue, Co'unfellor of-State, and,, a fte r , becoming a, Widower, he had. the 'Priory of Grata in the Order o f St. John Of Malta t He'Was fucceeded by his Son, D on Fernando Maficartnbas, fécond Marquis o f Fronteira, and third Ear-1 da Torre ; Governor o f Arras of the. Provinces o f B en a and Akntejo,, Governor and Cap­tain-general o f the Kingdom of Algarve,, Counfell of- o f State to K in g film V , Infpeétor o f the Revenue, Preiident o f the King's-Bench, and Mayordomo to Queen Mar-tana o f Aufir-ia,' who decëafed on the 25th o f February, : \729.

In the Year 1732, his;-Son, D on fia cn Màfiarénhàs, was third Marquis o f Fm iteira, and fourth Hail da Torre. . . .

This Earldom accompanies the Firft-bom o f tire Family, and commenced w ith Don Fernando Majeurefihas -(hy.Grant 'from K in g Philip III.) j who was Ge­neral o f the Fleets o f Potfugal. and Cdfiile, Brother, to D on Filipps.Majcarenbaty In iti tutor of the Inheritance o f the H oufe o f the Earls o f CocvUtn,

The M aïtouIs a t e ’ ^ G o u v e a : Mafeaxenhas.

*îhis Title run formerly in the Houle o f Sylvas, Earls o f Portalegre, from the Tim e o f King Pin lip IIP But the Barony ceaiing in thePerfon o f D on joaon da Sylva, fécond Marquis o f Gduvea, and ieventh Earl o f Portalegre, King John V . re­newed the faid Marqujfgte, in Favour j j f Dpn MaftinhoMaficarenhas, lixth. Earl o f Santa Çruz,, Grandibn to, Donna Juliana de Lane afire, who was Sifter to the fécond Marquis o f Gouvea juft now mentioned; and he remained third M arquis o f Gouvea, and fixth Earl o i Santa Cruz., At, prefent or lately TDonfiam M afia- renhas is .or.was the fourth-Marquis o f Gouvea, and-ieventh Earl o f Santa Cruz > Titles which he enjoyed in the Life-tim e of-his Father. ; : ;, Y

T he Office of Lord High Steward ftiil continues in the. Fam ily, which the Earls of Santa Cntz inherited from-xhofe o f Portalegre, by the Marriage o f D on M ar- tinbo Mafic arenhas, fourth Earl o f Santa C r u z with Donna Juliana de Lancafira, Daughter to D on Mannque da.Syha, the firft M arquis-of Gouvea, and lixth Earl of Portalegre. , - v • ■;

- T h e Earls oiPortakgre were. Sylvas by Name, and the Hrft thatboré this Title was Diogo da Sylpa deMenezes , by Grant.from KingJVIh^cr/, in thé Y e a r -1496 : He was followed by , his. Spn, Don fia m da Sylva, fécond Earl, and his’Grand- fon, Don Alvaro da Syha, third Earl, whofe Grand-daughter, TFounaFilippa da Sylva, became Heirefs to th e Family, arid was married to Don Joaon da Syha, Son to 'DonMannque da- Sylva,,_ Marquiires o f Msntetmr, who : was ..the . fourth Earl o f Portalegre-, Don Diego da Syhar the.fiith_E.arl,. .wasthe'Fruits' o f, this ^ arTiage,:w-fio -was fucceeded. b y ifi^ Brother, VtoAMaptipue da Syha, thé fifft Marquis of Gouvea, as hath; been related: . ... Y• >The Earldom o f iS^to CM^ accompaiiies the Primogeniture ‘ Of -thé prefent Branch o f the Marquiftes o f Gouvea, as, the Eàrldom oFP.ortakgre, run with the former Branch. The firft Earl o f Santa ,Cruz was Don Francifie'o Mafibarenbas, youngeft §on}oip)Qn fiaenMafcarenbas, ahd Nephew to,Fernaon'Mfirtfint Mafica- renpasp Captain of.tlie Horfe-guards to tire; Kings. John IP. : and ■ fiA-Manoehy he yvas Vicerqyuf* India, where he.wént w ith the T itle of Earl o i liorla, the chief

! •' ’ Town.

. J) I s s E R T A T I O X S O N

S P A I N a nd P Ô R T Ü Q AL." tW n 1Ï1. fo e lftan d o f Payai, afterwards changed for that o f Santa Cruz, by à Sentence o f Review'or Revifal, obtained by its former Données : He Was fucceeded ■ by his Son’i D on Martinho Mafcarenhas, fécond Earl o f Santa Cruz, who, leav­ing an only Daughter, Donna B rites Mafcarenhas* Inheritrix, and foe marrying w ith her Relation, Don Pernaon Martins Mafcarenhasj he became by tins A l­liance third Earl of Santa Cruz: T ills Matrimony produced Don Maninho Maf­carenhas y fourth Earl o f that Title, who was Father to Don Joaon Mafcarenhas, the fifth Earl ; as he was to the fixth, Don Martinho Mafcarenhas, in whom 'Kèmgfobn V ; renewed the Title o f Marquis o f Goiktea, as aforefaid.

PA? M a r q u i s a t e o f Marialva: MertézeiSi

This T itle commenced in the Reign o f Affonfo V f, by G ift o f the faid Prince to D on Antonio L u iz He Menezes, third Earl o f Cant ante de ; Co.unfellor of State to King John IV , to the abovementioned Monarch, and to the Prince Don P e­dro, and alfo o f focD ifpatch; Inipe£tor of the Revenue, Governor o f the Arms o f Cafcaes and the Province o f Efremadura, and Cap tain-general o f Aient ejo: He was fucceeded by Ills Son, Don Pedro de Menezes, fourth Earl o f Cantanbede* and fécond Marquis o f M an aha, Counfellor o f State and Difpatth to King P e­dro, his Gentleman of the Bedchamber, as he was fubfequently to John V , and Prefident o f the Board o f Trade (Junta do Commercio) y he left no other Succef- fion than his Daughter, Donna Joachim. M aria Magdalena de Menezes, who mar­ried with Don Diogo de Noronba, third Son o f the firft Marquis of Ange/a, Gen­tleman of foe Bedchamber to King John V , charged with the military Govern­ment of EftretHadura, and, in the Year 173 5, Appointed Camp-mailer-general j by which Alliance he became third Marquis o f M ariaha: His Son, Don Pedro jofepb de Alcantara e Menezes, was created Earl o f Cantanbede, by a Grant expe­dited in January, 172Si

T h e Eirit-bonl o f this Houfe aifume the T itle o f Earls o f Cantanbede ; and th e fifot that enjoyed it was Don Pedro de Menezes, by Grant from King A f ­fonfo V : He was Sod to Don Joaon Pello de Menezes, and fourth Nephew of Don Gtontah Pelles de Menezes, foe firft Lord of Cantanbede, by Grant from King Fer­nando ; who alfo created him Earl o f N eha and Faria, which were afterwards incorporated, with foe Eftates of foe moil ferene Houfe o f Brag an ça. T he firft E arl o f Cantanbede. was fucceeded, by his Son, D on Jorge de Menezes, fifth Lord o f foe fai'd T o w n i but he had not foe Title o f Earl, no more than his D efen d ­ants, Don Joaon de Menezes, Don Pedro de Menezes-, and Don Antonio de Menezes: B üt 'Krihg Philip I lf . renewed it in the Son o f this latter, named Don Pedro de Menezes,\i\ the Year 1616, who was thereby the fécond Earl o f Cantanbede. This Lord" had D on Antonio L u iz de Menezes, who fucceeded him, and was third Earl o f Cantanbede % and ‘th efirft Marquis of M ariaha.

■ * PBe M a r q u isa t s: das Minas ; Soufas.

The, Creation o f this Title was, in the Regency of Prince Peter, afterwards K in g o f Portugalj in foe Reifon o f D on Francifco de Sou]a, then third Earl o f Prado'-, Lord oî Beringel and S'agresy 'Alcaide m$r o f Beja, military Governor o f the Province o f Minho M alief o f the Horfe to K ing John IV . znàAjfonfo V I, Comptroler o f foe Houfoold, Counfellof o f State to foe laft named. M onarch and to’ the Prince Regent, and, finally, Ambaffador o f Obedience from the faid Prince to Pope Clement IX J( and Prefident o f foe .Council for ultramarine A f­fairs. , ;

He. was fucceeded by his Son, D on Antonio L ü iz de Soufa, fourth Earl o f Prado y And ie,bond Marquis fas Minas Governor of foe Afms.oftlieProvinc.es o f Minhoy Beira, .and Aient ejo.y Governor o f B rafl, Prefident of Tobacco1, M ailer of the Horfé fô Quben Marianna o f A u fria , CounfeHor of State to K ing Peter II.

Vom Hi * 3 D and

Ur

an4 jo b xV - T h is Nobleman, commanding ,.the Portuguefe-_ and allied Troop*, after taking lèverai Places in Spain, proclaimed Charles III, in the Year 1706, at Madrid. In his Life-time, Don Joaon ie Soufa, his fécond Son, enjoyed the Honours of fixth Earl o f Prado, and third Marquis das Minas but was unfor­tunately killed in L ift on, on the 17 th o f September, 1722, being then Gentle­man o f the Bedchamber to K ing 'John V , of. the Council o f W ar, and Camp- mafter-generai.

'The Title o f Earl of Prado goes annexed to the Primogeniture o f this Houfe* and was a Grant made by K ing John III. to Don Pedro de Soufa, fifth Son o f Ruy de Soufa, Lord o f Beringel, and. Donna Branca de Vilbena ; Alcaide mSr o f Be]a, and Captain o f Alcacer-Seguer and Azamor: He was followed by Don Francifco de Soufa, D On Pedro de Soufa, and Don L u iz .de Soufa, all. without the.Title o f Earl ; but, the Son of. this laid (his Father’s Namefakej was created fécond-Earl o f Prado, by a Grant from K ing Philip, and was alfo Governor o f Brafd "and Algarve, and Prefident of the Senate at Lifbon ; He was fucçeeded by his Coufin, D on Francifco de Soufa, Governor o f Braftl, and Adminiftrator o f the Mines dif- covered at S. Vicente, to whom the Marquifate waspromlfed; but neither he nor his Son, Don Antonio de Soufa, were ever Earls : Though his. Nephew, D on Francifco de Soufa, obtained this* Dignity (and was third. Earl of Prado) , by Grant from King John IV , amplified by Àffonfo V I ; who..declared him Earl de

jure and of Inheritance, giving him tw o Lives more m the Eftate of the Crown and Orders ; and he was made the firft Marquis das Minas, by - the Prince R e­gent.

Don Antonio L u tz de Soufa, Son to the third Marquis das Minas, Don Joaon de Soufa, came to the T itle o f fourth Marquis in September, 1734.

. Pbc M a b q u i s a t e i fN iz a : Gamas.

T h is Title had its Beginning in the Reign o f K ing John IV , who conferred it on Don Vafco L u tz da Gama, then fifth Earl o f Vidigueira 3 Counfellor o f State to the faid Monarch, Ajfonfo V I, and Prince Pedro, and o f his Difpatch ;. In- fpector of the faid'King’s Revenues, twice Ambafiador to the Court of France, and Mailer of the Horfe to Queen Maria Francifca Ifabel o f Savoy ; H e was fuc- ceeded by his Son, Don Francifco L u iz Balthafar da Gama, fixth Earl o f Vidi­gueira, and fécond Marquis of N iza -, Deputy from three States, General o f the Horfe in the Province of Betra, Governor and Captain-general o f Algarve, and Counfellor of State. '

Don Vafco L u iz de Gama, his Son, inherited tile Honours and Eilate o f his Father, and became on his Deceafe feventh Earl o f Vidigueira, and third M ar­quis o f N iza ; who leaving an only Child, Donna Maria Jofeph da Gama, ihe became his foie Inheritrix, and was married to Nuno da Sylva Pelles, fécond Son to the third Marquis of Alegrete, Manoel Pelles da Sylva j ’which Diipeniation was obtained on the 10th.of June, 1729, and on the 22d o f the fame M onth, 1731, ihe increafed the Family by the Birth o f a Son. . . ,

T he Earldom o f Vidigueira accompanies the Primogeniture o f this Houfe j and was a Grant made by King Manoel to the great Don Vafco da. Gama, - after his difcovermg the Eaft-Indies in the Year 1497: ° n his Re tutu from k fécond Voyage, having, previous to his Outlet on if,- appointed him Admiral o f the Indian Sea - and, before commencing his third. Voyage to..rthofe Parts, K ing John HI, gave him the Poft o f Viceroy. .. ■ ;

He was fucceeded by his Son, Don Francifco da Gama, fécond Earl o î Vidi­gueira, Captain o f one o f the Ships which conduced the Infanta D on n aBrites to Savoy -, and fubfequently by his Grandfon, Don Vafco dqGamp, third Earl o f Vidigueira, {lain in the Battle O f Alcaçer in* the Year 1378 ■ and his, great Grand- fon, Don Francifco da Gama, fourth Earl o f Vidigueira, .Courifellor o f State,

Viceroy

SP A I N ANS p O R T . U G A LViceroy o f India, and Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to K ing Philip III This Lord, was Father to Don Vtfco L utz da Ganta, fifth Earl of Vidigueira, and firft Marquis of N iza , as mentioned before.

Lhe M a r q u i s a T e o/’ Tavora: Tavoras.

.'Lb? firft Marquis o f Lavora was L u iz Alvar es de l'avéra, by Grant from thé Prince Regent, who afterwards afcended the Throne by the Name o f Peter II ; he being then third Earl o f S. Joaon da Pefqueira, Gentleman of the Bedcham­ber to the laid Prince, General of Horfe in the Province o f Minbo* and Gover­nor of the Anns therein and in that o f Lras os Hontes, as alfo of the Council o f W a r; he died o f a Fit, on the 25 th o f November, at Night, 1672,

H e was fucceeded by his Son, Antonio L u iz de Lavora, fourth Earl o f S . Joaon, and fécond Marquis of Lavora-, as this was by Ins, named L u iz Bernardo de La­vera, fifth Earl o f S. Joaon da Pefqueira, who died in the Life-time of his Father, without the T itle o f Marquis ; he was Camp-mafter-general, and, whilft exer- cifing this Poft, he was made Prifoner at the Battle of Godinha, on the 7th o f May, 1709; after the Peace o f Utrecht, he had the Government of the Arms o f Setuval, and deceafed in the Year 1718, without leaving other Succeffion than an only Daughter, named D onnaLeonor de Loretta-, who, inheriting the Eilate and Honours o f the Family, married With her Coufin, Francifco de Ajftz de La- vo}'a, eldeft Son to Bernardo de Lavera, fécond Earl o f Alvor, who, in Right o f his W ife,' became th efixth Earl o f S. Joaon, and third Marquis of Lavora.

T h e Earldom of S. Joaon da Pefqueira is annexed to the Primogeniture o f tills Houfe 3 and commenced with L u iz Alvar es de Lavora, only Son to another L u iz A lvar es de Lavera, by Grant from K in g Philip III, to whom he was Counfellor o f State.

He was fucceeded by his Son, Antonio L u iz de Lavora, fécond Earl o f S. Joaon j who was Father to L u iz Alvares de Lavora, third Earl of S , Joaon, and firft Mar­quis of Lavora $ and of M iguel Carlos de Lavora, fécond Earl o f S . Vicente ; and o f Francifco de Lavora, firft Earl o f A h o r .

Lhe M a r q u i s a t e o f Valença: ÎfortugaeS:

This Title was renewed in the Reign o f King John V , in the Perfon o f Don Francifco de Portugal, eighth Earl o f Vimiofo, the legitimated Son o f D on M i­guel de Portugal (feventh Earl), who at prefent does or lately did'enjoy it.

. T h e firft Marquis of Valença was Don Ajfonfp, eldeft Son to the Earl o f Bar- cellos, and firft Duke of Bragança-, who had Ifiue the faid Don Affonfo de Portu­gal, afterwards Biihop o f Ever a ; and he had Don Francifco de Portugal, firft Earl o f Vimiofo, by Grant from King Manoel, in the Year 1515.

T h e Barony o f this Houfe is a royal one, as appertaining to that o f Bragança, both, proceeding from two Sons of the abotefaid Earl o f Bar cellos, natural Son to K m gjobn .1 : On the Death of the firft Marquis o f Valença in 1460, this T itle was difeoutinued to his SuccefTors "fo r above two hundred and fifty Years, till its Renovation as above, though they ufed that o f .Earls o f Vimiofo, in the Manner following. ■ j ,

- Don Francifco de Portugal, firft Earl o f Vimiofo, was fuccéedèd by his Son, the fécond .Earl, who was-killed at the Battle o f Alcacer in the Year 1578 ; and his Son, Don Francifco de Portugal, thirdEarl, came next; who dying without Pro­geny, his Brother, Don L u iz de Portugal, inherited the T itle as fourth E arl: T h is Nobleman was Father to Don Affonfo de Portugal, fifth Earl, and Marquis A Aguiar, by Grant from K ing John V I. in the Year 1644 ; he bad the Employ o f Governor ro f th e Arms o f the Province of Alentejo, and Counfellor o f State: He was: fucceeded by his Son, DonXw's; de Portugal,, fixth Eafl o f Vimiofo, Ad­miral o f Portugal, and Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to Prince Lheodojio, who

died

died unfortunately o f a W ound in the Year i6$$t without anylfegitiniate ChÌL dreti.j he was therefore fucceeded by his Brother* Don M iguel de Portugal, feV venth Earl o f Vimiofo, and Matter of the Horfe to Queen M aria FranciJcaJfabel de Saboya, Father to Don Francifco de Portugal, eight Earl o f this Title, and fe- cond Marquis o f Valenza, as aforefaid.

In the Life-tim e o f this Nobleman, his Son, D on Jofepb M iguel Joaon de Por­tugal' (bom On the 27 th o f December, 1706) was the ninth Earl o f Vimiofo, and married, on the 24th of October, 1728, with Donna L uiza 4 s Lorena, Daughter to the third M arquis of Æegrete, Manoel Pelles; da Sylva.

E A R L D O M S »

TA? E arldom o f Alva: Ataides. '

This Earldom was ereited on the ïy fh o î January, i j i ÿ i by King John V* in Favour of Don “Joaon Diogo de A t aide, Brother to ~DonLuiz de A t ai de, tenth Earl o f Aiouguia, both Sons of the eighth Earl, Don Jeronymo de A t aide, Governor o f Arms in the Province o f Prat os Montes, General o f the Fleet, Viceroy o f Brafil, and Counfellor o f State : This Favour was conferred on him in Conlideration o f his great Services rendered the Crown ; and, after having exercifed leverai Potts with great Honour and Valour, and governed the Arms o f Almtejo, with the Employ of Camp-mafter-general, he remained Général o f the Fleet*

H e married Donna ConftançaLuiza Paim , Daughter and Heirels to Roque Mem- teiro Paim, who was Secretary to King Peter II.

Pbe. E arldom o f A lvor: Tavoras*

T h is Title had its Beginning in Francifco de Pavera, third Son to Antonio L u iz de Pavera, fécond Earl o f S. Joaon da Pefqueira, w ho was alfo Father to the firtt Marquis of Pavera, and o f the fécond Earl o i S. Vicente, as is remarked in their proper Places : T h e Grant was from K in g Peter U , partly as a Recompence for his Services ; for, exclufive o f tins Honour, he was made Governor o f the Arms o f the Provinces o f Pras os Montes and Alentejo, Governor o f Angola, Viceroy o f Fidi a, Regedor o f the Juftices, Prefident o f the Council for ultramarine Affairs, and of the Council o f State.

H e had for his Sue ceffo r, Bernardo Filippe N eri de Pavera, who at prefent is or lately was the fécond Earl o f A hor ; Camp-matter-general, Governor o f A n u s in the Province o f Pras os Montes, and Counfellor o f W ar : His eldeft Son be­came third Marquis of Pavera, by Marriage with his Couûn, ' DonnaX^npr de Lorena, as hath been obferved in treating o f the faid Marquifate.

Phe E arldom o f Arcos : N oron h as..

D on L utz de Lima, de Brito Nogueira was the firtt Earl o f Arcos, by1 Grant from King Philip II;. and was fucceeded. by-his Son, D on Lourenço de Brito e Lima, fécond Earl; who died without Sueceffion: T h e third Earl was D on Pho- mas deNoronha, a. D efendant by the M ale Line from D on Affbnfo, E arl o f GV-

jon, an illegitimate Son o f K ing Henrique II. o f Caftile, and Donna Ifahel, na­tural Daughter o f K ing Ferdinand o f Portugal, who fucceeded in this Houle by his Alliance with. Donna Magdalena deBorbon, Daughter-to the firtt Earl o f A>4- cos, aboyementioned, who was eldeft Son to the Vifcount o£ Villa-Nova de Cer­vi eira, Don Lourenço de Lima- é Brito* And ever fince the aforefkid Marriage, they have preferred in this Houfe the Appellation o f Noronha, in thé Perlons o f D on Marcos de Noronha, fourth'.Earl o f Arcos ; and Don Phomas de Noronha, fifth Earl, who' at prefent poffeffes, or- lately did poffefs, the Family Honours and Efkate, and, in the Y ear ij. 35, was appointed Sergeant-major de Bafalba,

*97The Éarldom o f Argani! :

W a s^ iâ rà h t'lïlâ à ë b ÿ ^ â ^ S V , on the 25th o f September, 1472, to Don ¿ t a t Cófààdn,Kiùiòp ó f 'Còìmbra * though nói: only tò him, but to the fucceffive Pre­lates o f that Church, which for tins Reafon were in titled Bifiop-Earls : Which* the faid Mo'riàixh declares* wàs ih Recotnpence o f the great Services done him. the preceding Year, in his Journey to Africa, when he took A rzilla and Tangier from theM w rj, irv which thé Bifhop accompanied him. T h e Tow n o f Arganti had been fubjedt to the Seigniory o f the Mitre Of Coimbra (as appears by fome Memorials) ever fince the Year 1432, by an Agreemènt made between the Chap­ter and Mariim Vafqiies -da Cunba, towards the Ènd o f K ing John I’s Reign • Parte t, fag though in the Chronica dos Conegos Regniate:, it is faid, that, in the Year 1472, ,53)&*6i; Affonfo V. gave the Title o f Èarl Of Alvar es, and the Lordihip of Fajaon, to the Prior o f the Monastery of. Folques o f regular Cahoii ¡3, in Exchange for the.fecu- lar Jurifdidtion that they poiTeffed iri the T ow n o f Æ'g'aniï, o f tvliich he made the Bifhop, D on Joàôti ùalvaon, Earl : Other Records fpecify, that the Contrait made between the Chapter of Coimbra and Martini Vafques da Cunba, was a Bar­gain rùadé, by Confent ò f K ing John Ì, for the ceding Belmont, or its Territory, w ith the Patk o f S. RomadH, by the Mitre, to the aforefaid Mariim Vafques, in Exchange for Angami, with all its JurUHidtionk.

The E a r lp o m û/’Aifumâr: Almeidas.

This Earldom Was erected by K ing Peter l ì , in Favour o f Don foaon de A l- mëîdà, in virtue o f a Promife made by the Did Monarch to the Father, Don F e­dro de Almeida, on his Departure for India, with the Character of Viceroy. The Son, firilË arl oiAffutnar, w a s Comptroller Of that King's Houfhotd, and Gen­tleman o f the Bedchamber to John V, hy Appointment, on the 13th of January,1729, after having been Ambalîàdor extraordinary to Charles III. at Barcelona, and Counfellor o f State* he died on the 27th o f December, 1733* having mar­ried Donna Ifabel de Cafro, Daughter of Don Joaon Mafcarenbas, fécond Earl da Torre, and firft Marquis o f Frmteira, by whom he had and left Succeffion.

Y he fécond Earl o f Affumar, at prefent is o f lately was Don Pedro Miguel de Aitfitida, once Governor o f the Mines, and General deBatalha-, in thè Year 1735; he was made Camp-m after-general, General o f the Ftorfe of Alentejo, and Direc­tor of all the Cavalry hi the Kingdom; . .

The E a r l d o m ô f 'A ta la y a : . M a h o e is .

Tins T itle commenced in this Family, by a Grant from K ing Philip X. with Don Francifco Manorl, Son to Don Nano Manosi, killed in the Battle o f Alcaçër :His. Brother, D on Pedro Manosi, lucceeded. as fécond Earl o f A t al ay a-, and his Son, Don Antonio Mane el, -as third, who-dying childiefs,. his Nephew, Don L u iz Ma me l, Son to Don Aharo.Manoel, became Head of. the Houfe^and fourth Earl* who, having been Ambaffador to the Court o i favoy, and fubfèqqently Governor o f the Arms o f the Provipce o f Mqnkoh was wounded by a Muiket-bajl,- as he was1 (w ith other General Qffiqers) reconnoitring, the-Ground at Attack o i Alcan­tara, by ¡an Army under the Marquis das Minas J Compiano, on the iotir o f -Aprili jjo à , o f whicli he died on ‘the 2otli o f the farntM onth. f ■ ,

A t this Tim e his Son, Don Pedro Manoel, was 'fifth Earl o f Ataldya * who,, after commanding Ûst'PbrttigueférVTôùp5 in Catalani a, wenif over to the Court o f Vienna, and entered into the, Service, o f . the Emperor Charles Y ly who appointed him General, o f Hprfe an d ■ a G raiïdee of Spain .of the fir it Clafs * he fubfequently made, him Viceroy pf Sardinia, gnh; gave him the Government o f Cafelmvo. inf the City o f Naples -, in which he continued till the Year 1722, being that o f his

V ol. II. * 3 E Death,

S P A I N a .vd P O R T U G A L .

Death, his only Son, Don L u iz Manoei, having unfortunately died fome Years before unmarried*

H e was fucceeded on the 22d o f December, 1727, by his Brother, D on Joaon Manoei, Fruit o f the fécond Marriage o f the Earl D o n L u iz with Donna Francifca Lcomr de M enéça, Daughter to the firil Earl o f Ribeira grande ; which Don Joaon now is or lately was the lixth Earl o f Atalaya, Camp-mafter-general o f his Majefty’s Troops, Governor of the Tow er o f Belem* and o f the Council o f Wai*j after having governed Angola, in the Year 1735, he was appointed G o­vernor o f the Arms o f the Army and Province o f Alentejo, as ,alfo Director o f all the Infantry o f the Kingdom.

In the Reign o f Affonfo V , Pedro Vaz de M eih had the T itle o f Earl of Atalaya.

The E a r l d o m o f A to u g u k t Ataides.

T he Grant of this Earldom, was made by K in g Affonfo V , to Alvaro Gonçalves de A t aide, and continued in the Male Line o f that H oule to D on L u iz de. Ataide, fifth Earl of Atouguia, who died without Succelhon ; and, for W an t thereof, the Earldom pafied to Joaon Gonçalves de Ataide, Grandfon to Simqon Gonçalves da Ca­mera and Donna Ifabel da Sylva, who was Daughter and Heirefs to Don Joaon de A t aide, Head o f the Houfe o f Atouguia, in whopa the Name was changed for that o f Cameras, Defendants from Joaon Gonçalves Zarco, Difcoverer o f the Iiland of Madeira, and Captain Donnée o f the C ity o f Funchal: T h e aforefaid Joaon Gon­çalves de Ataide, fixth Earl o f that Title, was followed by the feventh, D on L u iz de Ataide, Capitami mor of Leiria ; and he by Don Jeronymo de. Ataide-, eighth Earl, and Viceroy of India: Don Manoei L u iz de Ataide, ninth E arl, came next, and died without I flue ; the tenth was Don L u iz de Ataide, his Brother, who was un­happily killed in the Year 1689: Don Jeronymo de Ataide was the eleventh; and his Son, Don L u iz de Ataide, the twelfth, who, m arrying with Donna Clara AJfiz Mafcarenbas, Daughter to Don Fernando M artins Mafcarenhas, fécond Earl o f Obi- dos, died in Auguf, 1733,

Tbe E arldom o f Aveiras : Sylvas.

King Philip III. created this T itle in Favour o f Joaon da Sylva ‘Telia e Menezes,- Lord of Vagos ; Governor o f Algarve, Ruler o f the Juftices, and' Viceroy o f India, where he went a fécond Tim e, w ith the Promife o f being created Marquis of Vagos, on lfis Arrival there, but he died near Mozambique, in the Reign o f icing John IV, and the Year 1651 : He was followed by L u iz da Sylva Telia e Me- nezes, fécond Earl o f Aveiras ; as this was by the third Earl, Joaon da Sylva Tello e Menezes, Counfellor of State, having been Prefident o f the privy Council, and Regent o f the Juitices. ‘

Hts Son, L u iz da Sylva Tello e Menezes, was fourth Earl in his Father's L ife­time, and General de Batalba: From the Marriage o f this Noblem an with Donna Maria Ignada de Tavora, Daughter to the fir flE a r l o f Alvar, Tprung Donna Ig- nez Joacbina da Sylva Tello e Menezes, prefumptive Heirefs to the Earldom o f Aveiras, who was efpoufed to Don Duarte da Camera, fourth Son o f the fécond Earl of Ribeira grande, and becoming fifth Earl o f Aveiras Hy means o f this A l­liance, befides which he was Gentleman o f the* Bedchamber to the Infante Don Francifco', the abovementiohed fourth L a x l,L u izd à Sylva, was appointed Camp- mafter-general in the Year 1735.

The E ar ld om cF Avintes :, Almeidas.

T h e firil Earl o f Avtntes was Don L u iz de Almeida, Governor o f Rio de J a ­neiro, Algarve, ■ axsà Tangier, b y Grant froifi;Kirig Affonfo VIC H e was fu’c-ceeded by his Son, Don Antonio Almeida, as fecoild E afl, Governor o f the A nn s in Tras os Montes, and Counfellor o f State ; and he by. his Soh, D on L u iz de-Almeida,

; J ' t;hird

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

fchircj Earl, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber ¿nd o f the Horfe to the aforefaid In­fante Don Francifio, he.was alfo General de Batalba, and died on tire ioth o í A p ril, 1730; his Lady the Countefs, Sifter to pos\ Joaon Fernandes de Lim a, Vif- eount of Villa-Nova de Cerveira, deceafmg alio in ten Days after, was fucceeded by their Son, Don Antonio de Almeida, the third Earl, whom John V. made Earl o f Lavra dio, and who had married with Donna Francifia das Chagas Mafcarenhas, Daughter, to Dort Martinho Mafiarenbas, fécond Marquis o f Gonvea, which Ike left a Widower, in 1733) with four Sons.

Am ong the numerous Defendants of thé aforementioned fécond Ëarl, Don Antonio de Almeida, his fécond Son Don Thomas is the chief ; who, after feveral Places, Employs and Dignities, which he difcharged with confummate Pru­dence, Affability, Judgment and Integrity, wás elevated, in the Year 1716, to1 the exalted Station of Patriarch of Weß-Lijbont

The E a r l d o m o f Calheta : VafconcellOs.

T his was a Grant made to Simaon Conçoives da Camera, by Ring Sebafiian ; and which continued in the Lineage, bÿ Joaon Gonçalves da Camera, fécond Earl; Simaon Gonçalves da Camera, third Earl ; and fio non Gonçalves da Camera, fourth Earl, who died without Succeftion in the Year 1656.

T he Male Line of this Houfe being extin61, Donna Mariana de Noronha e Lan- cafiro,- el deft Daughter to Simaon Gonçalves da Camera, the third Earl, as already mentioned, fucceeded as Sifter to the laft PöftefTor* this Lady married with JoaeH

'Rodrigues Vafioncellos e Soufa, fécond Eárl of Cafiello-melbor, and was the fifth Co unte is of Calheta in her1 own Right, and Countefs of Càfiello-melbor in that of her Hufband’s, as fhe afterwards was Marchionefs of the fame, arrd firft Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen M aña Francifia Ifabel de Saboga: She wás followed by her Son, L u iz de Soufa de Vafioncellos, fixth Earl öf Calheta (although he only ufed the Title of Earl o f Cafiello-melbor) , Gentleman of the Bedchamber to A f-

fonfo V I, Secretary of the privy Council, his prime Minifter, Counfellor o f State to him and K ing John V ; hi the Life-time of this Nobleman, the T itle o f Earl o f Calheta, was renewed in his eldeft Son, Affbnfi de Vafioncellos e Soufa da Ca­mera, who was feventh Earl of Calheta, and fourth of Cafiello-melbor, deceafmg on the ad of February, 1734.

In the Life-time of this Earl, King John V. renovated the Title, of Earl o f Öaf- tello-melhor, in Joaon de Vafioncellos e Soufa, eldeft Son of the faid Earl, and the Countefs . his fécond W ife, Donna Pelagia Simphrmta de Roban, Daughter, o f Francifio de Rohan, Prince o f Soubifi in France -, this Honour Was conferred by Grant, bearing Date in Augufl, 1728, fo that he became the'eighth-Earl o f Cal­heta, and fifth o f Cafiello-melbor ; he married in June, the fame Year, with Donna M aria Rofa de Noronha, Daughter to the Earl o f Villa-Verde, lately fécond Mar­quis of Angeja. . . . . . . .

The Earldom o f Coculiffl: Mafcarenhas.- fT; y . i. r-,.-

This Title had a Beginning in Don Francifio Mafcarenhas, fécond Söll ¡to Doit Joaon Mafcarenhas, firft Marquis of Frontdra, by Grant from Rsng-Peter IP, then only Pririèé'"Regent. T h e Intail o f this Houfe was inftitutedfLfD onV U ippe. Mafiadenbas, Viceroy of India, Uncle to the firft Marquis hPFnonteirp, fomaTéi cohd Sorrof the faid Mafquis, ; ' - ■ . .- u l ' - '.'Uàt:

There hath been three Earls in this Family, v iz. Don Fhanáfió Mafiârènbas 'i his Öori,' Don Filippe, Deputy of the Junta o f the three Eftates,.Who died'in May ; 173JL and his Granjdfon, Don Francifio Mafcarenhas,' who,, in’the Life-time o f the Earl Don FilippeMafiarenbas, his Father, obtained, the Title o f Earl, and was Gentleman of thé Bedchamber to the Infante Ddft Antonio ; he had Chil­dren,'^ : a Tecond Soft Was' born to - him on the 2 2d. of. OAober, ■ 1.72 9. ’ ' ’

v ! 1 ‘ ' ■ The

200 D 1 S S E R T A T I O N S o n

The E a r l d o m 0/" Ericeira: MfenSzes,

*fhis Houfe is a Branch o f that o f Cantanhede, which Was feparated in Don Fernando de Menezes, Called the Red) fecOnd Son to Don Fernando de Menezes, Lord o f Cantanhede, and his Lady Donna Brites de Andrade* Five Earls have fuccef- fiveiy enjoyed this H onour: O f which the fir it was Don T)iogo de Mettezes, by Grant from K in g Philip l i t : T he fecond, Don Fernando de. Menezes, fecond N e­phew to the faid D on Diogo, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to the Entice Don Pedro, Governor o f Tangier, Regent o f the Jultices, and Counfellor o f State; T h e third, Don L u tz de Menezes, his Brother, Heir alfo to the Houfe o f Lourt- qal, by Marriage with his Niece, theCounteis Donna 'Joanna de Menezes, Daugh­ter o f the aforefaid Earl Don Fernando j he was Governor o f the Arms in did Province of Tras os Montes, Infpeftor o f the Revenue, and Counfellor o f State to K in g Peter II, and General o f Artillery at the Battle oFM ontijo: From this Marriage fprung the fourth Earl of Ericeira, D on Francifco Xavier de Menezes, well known to the learned W orld for liis immenfe Erudition, and by the A p- plaufe he has gained in the Republic Of Letters; General de Batdlha, and De­puty in the Meeting o f the three States; in the Year 1735, he was made Coun- fellor o f War and Camp-mailer-general; The Countefs his W ife was Donna Joanna Magdalena de Noronha, Daughter to the Earl o f Barzedas, Don L u tz Lobo da Syheira, who died on the 17th of May, 1729; in her Life-time, her Son, D on L u tz Carlos de Menezes, was fifth Earl o f Ericeira, Brigadier in his Maj city’s Forces, and Viceroy of India-, he married with Donna Anna Xavier de Rohm, Daughter to the fourth Earl o f Ribetra grande, and died in July, 1733) leav­ing Succeffion.

Tbe Earldom o f G alveas: Caflxos.

T his Earldom was erefled by King Peter II, in Favour o f D eniz de Metlo de Cafiro, Governor o f the Arms in the Province of Alentejo; His'Son, Pedro-de Mello de Cajlro, fucceeded him as fecond Earl, who married with Donna I f abet de Bor- bon, Daughter to the fecond Earl o f Avintes; in his Life-time, Antonio de Mello de C af ro enjoyed the Honour o f third Earl o f Galveas, and was efjioufed to Donna Ifabel de Alencaftro, Daughter to Don Joaon de AknCdflro (who was G o­vernor o f Angola) and Donfia Maria de Portugal,

In the Year’ 1722, King John V . attending to the Sendees o f Andre de Mello de Caftro (many Years Ambaffador at Rome, and Son to the firit E arl abovemen- tioned), and the W ant of Succeflion in his Houfe, created him alfo Edrl o f Gal­veas ; and, in 1732, appointed him Governor o f the Mines.

The Ea rldOm o f the I lh a : CafnehoS*.

T his Earldom o f the Ilha do Principe (Prince’s Iiland) begun in L u iz Carneiro, then Lord of it, by Inheritance from his Predetefibrs- in the Reign o f K ing Philip H I : He was fucceeded by his Son,. Fraticifio Carneiro de Soufa, as fecond Earl, who marriedwith Donna Eufrajia-de Lipia, Daughter to the firif lilarquis das M tnas; from which 'Alliance ip rung :Anto?iio Cametro-de Soufa, .who. eipouied Donna Magdalena de Lencafro, Daughter, to Lutz- da.Cmha de-Af'atde, Lord .of Pa- volide: His Son, Francifco L u iz Carneiro de Soufa, was,vin his Father^ Xifevtime, fourth Earl o f the Iile; who, In November, ri 7 2 8p contrad^d a matrimonial A l­liance with Donna A ina de Bonbon, rDaughter to the { th ird E a r lo f Ayjntes, Don L u tz de Almeida, and died on the 18th <A November,' 17,3-1, w-ithput Succe(iion.

The E a r l d o m Lavradio: Almeidas. ' : ,t|" L- '■

T he Title o f ■ this Earldom; which was formerly in' tbe Houife of theMendoyas, was renewed in the Year 1725, by King John V , in Favour o f Antonio de Almeida,

eldeft

S P AI N AN b P O R T U GAL.eiddf Sbn: ■ in the F amity o f the E arls'o f Avint/s-, and. Son-to the third Earl Don L u iz de Almeida j he died i a the Year 1730. ■ [See what I have farther remarked in the Earldom o f Avintesl\

, Pbe E arldom o f 8. Lourengo; Mellos,

" The, firft Earl vvitli- this Title was Pedro da Syha, of the Houfe of the Lords o f Vagos, by Grant from King Philip III- and* for W ant o f a Male Heir, his Daughter Dbnna Magdalena da Syha fucceeded, who married with her Coufm, Martini Affonfo de Mello, Governor o f the Anns o f the Province of Alentejo Comptroler .of the Revenue, and Counfellor o f State, and by the faid Nuptials became fecoild E arhof S.Lourenfo: His Son, L u tz de Mello da Syha, followed; as third Earl.; and to him; his Son,- Martim Antonio Affonfo de Mello, fourth E arl; and, das'he., left no Hell's by the Conn tefs Donna Magdalena de Borbon, he was fucceeded by his Brother, Rodrigo de Mello e Syha, as. fifth Earl, Deputy o f the Junta-.of. the three States, and Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to the Infante ~ D on .A iton iowho, having been married with Donna Maria Rofa de Lencafro; left an only Daughter, Donna Anna de Mello da Syha, Heirefs to the Earldom of S. Lourenp.

Pbe E ar ld om o f -St Miguel : BotelhoS;

W as a Grant from K ing Philip III. to Francifco Botelho, for the confiderable ‘Services , o f his Father, the great Nuno Ahares Botelho, Governor o f India, where he was killed in a naval Engagement. Francifco Botelho was fucceeded by his Son, Alvaro Jofeph, as fécond Éarl, who entered into a matrimonial Alliance with Donna Antonia de Borbon, Daughter to the Earl o f Areas, and W idow of Fernaon Mafcarenhas, by whom he had Phomas Botelho de Paver a, third Earl with this T itle; who married with Donna f ¿liana Xavier de Lancajiro,- Daughter to Fernaon Pelles de Memzes (third Earl o f Unhaon) and the Marchîonefs Donna M aria de Lancaftro, firif Lady o f the Bedchamber to Queen Marianna o f Auflrldl and have a numerous Progeny.

Pbe E ar ld o m o f Obidos : Mafcarenhas.

T h is Earldom commenced in Don Vafcq Mafcarenhas, Brother to Don Joaon Mafcarenhas, third- B a r lo f Santa Cruz, by Grant from K ing Pin lip III ; the ïàid D on Vafco was Governor oh Algarve and o f the Arms in the Province o f AJ'en- iejo, Viceroy o f India and Brajil, arid Counfellor of :State: H e had for Succeifor, his Sori, Don'Fernaon Martins Mafcdrenhas, fécond Earl o f Obidos, and, by the Alliance ■ ritade with Donna Brites Mafcarenhas,- he alfo became Earl oh Palma and Sabagal, arid w as'Lord Chief Juftice of the Kingdom; Peter II. made him Counfellor o f State, and Preceptor to the Infantes Don Antonio and Don Ma- nocl: 111 his Life-time his eldeft Son, Don-Francifco de Afftz, was Earl o f Palma, and; dying-, a Bachelor in the Year 1718, he, was fucceeded' by' his- fécond Bro~ theripDôn -ManodMafcarenhasj asth ird : Earl o f who, in the Year 1721,married with Donna Helena ‘de Loretta, Daughter to the third Marquis oh Aie- greie. *- - - - ■ : ■ , - ■ ' ‘ ' 1

-- 7 1 ^ E a ;rldom o/TOriola,, Bai;on. offflP dQ - Sylveiras. LobpSi

t T he Heufe o f the Barons oh A h ito , and; Earls of Qriola, fprurig from.Lops Fernandes Loba-, whofe Grandlbn; Kuy- LiasLqbo, was .the firft Loïà'ohA vito : He was'fucceeded by Bdogo Lopes Lobo, in whofe Sops rile Barony! beCairie extinit,' and-paifed to that o f' Cm Syhtiras, b y 'the, Marriage ohfoabn Femandis da Syl- w ëird-tàhhD oim si M nAa de Soufa JAfro, his fècond W ife, arid Daughter to the faidiÉtUgûLopes Lobo, by-which Alliance 'he- Was!firfr Barori o f -Aivito, by Grant from FMxgAffonfo W ; from his dirft Matrimony with- ViolantePm ira, it went

Von. U. ■ * 3 F . away

2 0 T

ao2away from the Sylveiras, Cavaliers o f the Order o f Cbrif, and GommendadoreS o f Montahaoh ; which Barony is now. ejrtinift.

Several Generations continued pofleffed of thefe Honours, to Hon L u iz Lòbo, feventh Baron o f Adito, and firit Earl o f Oriola (by Grant from King John IV. ) s whofe Son, Don Joaoft Lobo, the eighth Baron ùt Avito, wa3 killed in a D uel with D on Vafco da Gama, at the Siege o f Badajoz, in the Year 1658, leaving an only Daughter to fucceed him, and it does not appear that he ever obtained the Title o f E arl: This Lady, named Donna Bernarda Castana Lobo, married her.Uncle, Don Vafco Lobo, ninth Baron o f A vito, and fecond Earl o f Oriola-, but as this Matrimony produced only a Son, who died young, Don Vafco contracted a fe­cond Alliance with Donna Jgnez Mar gar ìda de Lene afro, Daughter o f Cbrifovam de Ahnada, Preveder o f the India-hmtfs, Governor aiMazagaon, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to the Prince Don Pedro, and Comptroller o f the Queen’s H ouiholdj the Production o f which was a Son, D on Joj'epB Antonio Francifeo Lobo, ninth Baron of Avito, and third Earl o f Oriola, who married with Donna Fherefa de AJfiz Mafcarenhas, Daughter to Don Fernando Martins Mafcarenhas, Lord Chief Juitice. - -

Fbe E arl pom o f Pombeiro : Caitello-Brancos.

This Title begun in the Reign of K ing Affbnfo V I, with D on iW ro de Caflelto- B rancò, Chief Of the illuitrious Family o f this Name, who was thirteenth Lord o f Pombeiro-, Captain of the Guard to. Prince Fbeodofm, K ing John IV , Affbnfo V I, and Prince Pedro 5 and the firil Earl o f Pombeiro : He had for his SuccefTor, his Son, Don Antonio de Cajidk-Branco, fecond Earl o f Pombeiro, and Captain o f the Guard to Peter II ; who was fucceeded by his Son, Don Pedro de Cafiello-Branco da Cunba, third Earl of Pombeiro, fifteenth Lord, o f the fame, and ninth Lord o f Bellas, Captain o f the Guard to King Peter II. and John V , who, dying without IfTue on the 2d of April, 1733, although he had been twice married, was fuc­ceeded by his Brother, Don L u iz de CaJiello~Branco, Canon o f tlie Patriarchal Church, who, in the Year 1735, had not changed his Condition.

Fbe Earldom o f Ponte: Torres.

T h e firft Earl o f Ponte was Francifco de Mello de Forres, by Grant, from K ing 1 Affonjo VI, in the Year 1661, who afterwards created him Marquis of Sande ; he was General o f the Artillery, Ambaffador. to Charles II. K iiig o f QreauBritain, and in France to Lewis X IV : His S o n Garcia de Mello, fucceeded him, and was fecond Earl of Ponte, Lord o f the Town, of Sande, and Alcaide >mófoi Ferma -, whofe Son, Antonio Jofepb de Mello, in courfe became, third Earl o f Ponte, and efpoufed a Daughter o f Don L u iz Alvar es- de Cafro, fecond Marquis o f Cafcaes.

Fbe E arldom of Eovoiide: CunijasI / ~

This Title was created by King John V , on the 6th -.di-January, 1709, in Fa­vour of Frifaon da Cunba de Ataide j whofe Family is one o f the moil ancient in Spain, which had Don Guterre Pelaes (Son of Don Pelayo) for its Root op Stock, who ferved the Earl Don Hmrique very much to his Satisfaction, in all his, mi­litary Enterprizes, as the Earl Don Pedro affirms, and had from him feveral Lands in the Neighbourhood of Gutmaraens air'd Braga ; and his Son Don Payo Guterres, behaved in the fame approved Manner with King Affonfo-Henriques, who gave him thè Name of Cunba, and the Arms Which thofe Gentlemen bore. They were divided into many .Branches, m vttW m Portugal and Cafile - and, among them, in the Cunhas deGejtaqo. and de Panoya,. frcunwhom proceeded St- mam da Cunba, who was pioperly the Root of the P ovoli de Family,!,third Son of Frifaon da Cunba, and Brother to the great Nuno da Cunba, Governor of i«- dia; Simoon da Cunba, Carver to King John III,: was-followed-by his Son, Frifaon

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on"'

S P A I N and P O R T U G A L .4 a Cunha,s.who-was'Father to another Simoon da Cunha, and Lord of PovoHde, by an Alliance with Donna Ignez deM slh, Daughter and Heirefs o f Duarte deMello da Sybil) Lord o f Povolide.

H e Was fucceeded by his da Cun lea de A t aide, who was Father toLuiss da Cunha, Lord o^Pov^E^ and o f Nuno da Cunha de Aiaide, Earl o f Pon- tb e ly the faid L u izj& fffn b a d e Aiaide was Father to Prifaon da Cunha de A t aide, firfl. Earl o f Povolidei ■- i ,*

By his Death, on the 8th o f Augujl, 1728, L A s Vafques da Cunha de Atm de, his Son, became fecond Earl o f Povolide; .who was appointed, in the preceding Year, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to the Infante D on Antonio, and was manfed in December, 1729) to Donna Helena de Cafello-Branco, Daughter to Don Miguel L u tz de Menezes, third Earl o f Valladares,' T h is Family became more illuftrious in the Promotion o f his Erninency Car­dinal da .Cunha to a Hat, by Pope Clement XI, on the 18th of May, 1712 ; who, by. his Capacity, Zeal, Prudence, Affability, and other Virtues, made a fliining Figure in the facred College, as was proved by the particular Veneration with which he was treated at Rome, when he went there on the Death of the faid Pope 3 at home, he was Counfellor o f State and the Difpatch to King John V , and Inquifitor-general.

Phe E arldom o f Redondo: bouiasj

T h e firft Earl o f Redondo in this Family was Fernaon de Sottfa, Lord o f Gottvea, Comptroller o f the H oulhold to Affonfo VI. and Pedro II, with the fame Favour from King John Vi

T h e Defcent of thefe Noblemen is from Martim Affonfo de Soufa, legitimated Son o f Mar tint Affonfo de Soufa Chicborro which Legitimation was granted him by K in g John I. in the Year 1405. He was fucceeded by his Son, Fernaon de Soufa, who ferved (as the greateft Part o f his Defendants did) the mod: lerene Dukes o f BrUganda; from whom (among other Favours) he obtained the AIcaL daria mor o f Monte-Alegre, and was alfo Lord o f Gouvea: T h e Succeilion conti­nued in feveral o f the Family and Name, as Martim Affonfo de Soufa, Antonio, and Fernaon de Soufa, Gentleman to the Cardinal Infante Don Henriquc, and Comp­troller o f the Houfhold to Duke Pheodofus II, who gave him two Commendas in the Order of Cbrift; but quitting the Service o f the faid Dukes, he entered into that o f King Philip II: Martim Affbnfo de Soufa was General o f the Fleets in India i and his Brother, Pbomas de Soufa, who returned to the. Service of the m oil ierene Houfe o f Braganqa, was Father o f Fernaon de Soufa, the firft Earl o f Redondo.

H is Son, Phomas de Soufa, was the fecond Earl of this Title, and Comptroller o f the K ing’s Houfhold; who, dying on the 6th of March, 1717, was fucceeded by his Son, Francifco de Soufo, in a very tender Age, as third Earl of Redondo.. In the preceding Reigns, this Earldom run in'other Families; in that o f King Manoel, it belonged to the Coutinhos, the firft Earls of Borba ; it was afterwards in the Houfe o f Caftello-Branco. ; and in Peter II!s Tim e, the Menezes were pof- feffed o f this Honour, in the Person ■ of DawManoel Coutinbo, fecond Son to the firft Marquis o f M ariaba, who died without llTuei

Pke E arldom o f Ribelra grande: Cameras,

This Earldom commenced in the Perfon of Don Manoel BalthafarLuiz da Ca­mera, Son and Heir o f D on Rodrigo 'da-Camera, third, and laft Earl o f Villa- Francaj this Change o fT it le was made in the Reign o f King Afbnfo V I, and in the Year 1662, the new; Earl o f R ibeira then going to prefidein the Iiland o f S. Miguel, o f which he was. the eighth Captain land Governor. He was fuc­ceeded by his Son, D on Jofeph Rodrigo da Camera, fecond Earl of Ribeira, and

ninth

204ninth Captain o f the aforefaid Ifle; Deputy o f the Junta o f the three Eftates, Prefident of the Senate oPWeJl LiJbon, and Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to the Infante Don Framifco.

H e was followed by his Son, Don L u iz da Camera, as. third Earl With1 this T itle, and tenth Captain o f the aforementioned Iiland; he was Camp-mafter- general* and in this Poll he defended the Place o f Campo-mayor, M the Year 1.712; and, having been AmbaJTador extraordinary at the Court o f France, he died on the 3d of September, 1723. .

■ By his Deceaie, Don Jof&ph da Camera became the fourth Earl, and the ele­venth Captain o f the Iiland o f S.-Miguel, who eipoufed D on n aMargarida deLo~ rena, eldeft Daughter to the Earl o f Alvor-, which. Contract was made in Ja ­nuary t 1728, and the Nuptials celebrated in July following;, the Fruits whereof were the Birth o f a Son in December the next Year. ^

T he Barony o f the Cameras begun, as I have obferved, in Joaon Gonfakes Zarco, the Diicoverer and firft Captain o f the Ifland o f Madeira 4 he had (among others) two. Sons, from whom proceeded two great Houfes, and -from thefe many others. T he eldeft Son was Joaon Goncakes da Camera, w ith whofe D e­fendants the Captainihip o f the Ifle hath uninterruptedly continued, and he was tire Stem o f the Houle o f the Earls of Calheta.

T he fecond Son was Ruy G on fakes da Camera, Stock of-, the Houfe of the Earls o f Ribeira. This Nobleman bought the Captainfhip o f the Iiland o f S . Miguel o f Joaon Soares da Albcrgaria\ and was fucceeded from Father'to Son, -by Joaon Rodrigues da Camera, fecond Captain o f the faid Ifle; Ruy Gon fakes da Camera, third Captain; Manoel da Camera, fourth Captain; and Ruy Gonfakes da Camera, fifth Captain.

This laft was' the firft Earl o f Villa-Franc a, by Grant from King Philip I; and had for SucceJlor his Son, Don Manoel da Camera, fecond'Earl o f Villa-Franca; and he was fuccceded by his Son, Don Rodrigo da Camera, feventh Captain o f the Iiland of S. Miguel, and third and laft Earl with the faid Title, Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to-King Philip I I : Finally, he was followed by his Son, D on Manoel B alt b afar R uiz da Camera, firft Earl o f Ribeira, already mentioned.

The Earldom o/'Rio grande: Barretos Menezes.

This Earldom was a Grant made to Francfco Barreto de Menezes (Governor o f Brafil, and Reftorer o f Pernambuco, Counfelior o f W a r ,, and'Preiideht o f the Board of Trade), for his- great Services, and to whomfoever fhould marry Ins Daughter and Heirefs, Donna Antonia Francifca dcSa: T h is was effected in the Reign o f King Pedro II, when the faid Lady was efpoufed to Lopo Furtadode Mendofa, afterwards General de Batalha, Admiral o f the royal-Fleet, and Conn- lellor of W ar; whok in confequence o f thefe Nuptials, became the firft Earl o f Rio grande. His Family is o f the fame Stock with that o f the Earls o f V dlde Reys, as both are descended frorti Lcpo Furtado de Mendofa, a Grartdfon o f one o f the fame Name, who was chief Harbinger to K ing AfibnfoY. ■ 1 j

This Matrimony produced an only Son, named. Jofepb Antonio - Barreto- Fifr- tado de Mendofa, who died young in the Life-tim e o f his Father; followed By his faid Parent, on the 20th o f November, 173 0 ;1 by which Occurrences’ the T itle re­mained with the Countefs Donna Antonia.

The E arldom c/lSabugofa;. Ceiarea. -

This Title commenced in the Reign o f K in g John V , in the Year 1729,,in the Perfon of Vafeo Fernandes Cefar de M hiezes, Enfign-major o f the 'Kingdom; in Acknowledgment for his great Services rendered the G row n; he had »the F oil of Viceroy of Brafil, after difeharging the fame Em ploy in India.“ His Bon, L u iz Cefar de Menezes,- married in Offober, ■ 172-8'; with' Donna Anna Mafcarenbas,

eldeft

D.I'S S E R T A T I ChN® Win >

.eideft Daughter to the Lord Chief Juftice, D on Fernando Martins Mafcarenhas, and Sifter to D on Mancel Mafcarenhas, third Earl of Obidos.

The Earldom o f Sandomil : Mafcarenhas.

T h e Creation o f this T itle was in the Month o f March, 173 2, by K ing John V, in Favour of Pedro Mafcarenhas, and in Recompencc for the many Services he had rendered that M onarch; having been Captain at Sea and War, Colonel o f one o f the Regiments with which Peter II. fuccoured Ceuta, Sergeant-major de Batalha, General o f Artillery in the Province o f Aientejo, and afterwards Gene­ral Camp-mafter and Governor of Arms in the faid Province, dining the laft Years o f the W ar, terminated by the Peace of Utrecht in the Year 17 r 5 ; he mar­ried Donna Margarida Juliana de Talora, Daughter to Don Francifco Botelbo, firft Earl of S. Miguel, and the Countefs Donna Cecilia de T avara, his fecond W ife, by whom he had no Succeifion.

T ills Houle begun in Martini Vaz Mafcarenhas, Commend ad or o f Aljujlre.l, married to Donna Ifabel Correa, Daughter to Martini Correa (Head Guard to the Infante Don Henri que) ; who was fucceeded by Fernaon Martini Mafcarenhas ; M artini Vaz Mafcarenhas ; another Fernaon Mafcarenhas ■ Pedro Martini Mafca­renhas, taken in the Battle o f Alcacer; Simaon Mafcarenhas, his Son; another Pedro Mafcarenhas ; a third Fernaon Mafcarenhas, efpoufed to Donna Antonia de Bonbon, o f the Houfe of the Earls o f Areas, which Nuptials produced Pedro M a f carenhas, the abovementioned Earl o f Sandomil,

Soon after the Grant o f the faid Title, his Majefty (jointly with feveral other .Favours) appointed him Viceroy o f India ; for the Exercife o f which Employ, he fet out on the 25th o f April, 1732.

The E arldom o f Santiago: Sylvas,

T his was ereited into an Earldom, by King Affbnfo VI, in the Perfon o f Lou- renp de Souj'a, his chief Harbinger, and General de Batalha ; He was fucceeded by his Son, Aieixo de Soufa da Sylva, e Menezes, fecond Earl o f Santiago, allo chief Harbinger, and Deputy o f the Junta of the three Eftates ; he married with Donna Leonor de Menezes, Daughter to Don Fernando Mafcarenhas, lccond Mar­quis o f Front eira ; from which Nuptials fprung Lourenco Antonio de Soufa da Sylva e Menezes, third Earl o f Santiago (though in his Father's Life-time), by Grant from K ing John V , in January, 1728.

Thefe Noblemen proceed from Ruy de Soufa, Son o f the third Matrimony o f Ruy Gomes da Sylva, Lord of Cbamufca, whofe Father* Diogo Gomes da Sylva, was fecond Son to Gongolo Gomes da Sylva, firft Lord of Vagos.

T h e Office o f chief Harbinger came into this Family, as Dowry with Donna M eda de Nùronha, Daughter to Don Martinho de Cafello-Branco, firft Earl o f Villa-Nova, who was married to the faid Ruy dc Soufa.

The E arldom Sarzedas : Sylveiras.

T h e Houfe o f the Earls of Sarzedas have for their Root, Don L u iz Lobo, fé- venth Son o f Don Diogo Lobo, fecond Baron of Alvito : His Son, D on Rodrigo, Lobo, marrying with Donna Maria de Noronba da Sylveira, Daughter and Heirefs o f Fernaon da Sylveira, Lord o f Sarzedas, and his fecond W ife, Donna Grima- neza Mafcarenhas, became Heir to the faid Houfe o f Sarzedas, and in him the two Houfes were thus united.

N ext followed D on L u iz Lobo da Sylveira ; whofe Son; Don Rodrigo da Syl­veira, was made firft Earl o f Sarzedas in the Year 1631, by K ing Philip III, who afterwards alfo named him Marquis of Sobreira-Fermofa, though without Effedf, a s this laft T itle was given after proclaiming Joìm IY ; he was Counfellor o f

V o l . IL * 3 G State,

S P A I N a nd P O R T U G A L .

State, Prefident o f the Senate o f Lijbon, and Viceroy o f India,, after having been Captain-general and Governor of Tangier. . ,

K e was fucceeded by his Son, Don LuizLobo da Sylveira, fecond Earl o f Sar- zcdas, Governor o f Algarve, Lnipedtor o f the Revenue, and Counfellor ot State j who was Father to Don Rodrigo Lobo da Sylvetra, third Earl, and Deputy o f the Meeting or Junta o f the three Eftates, which Death took him from in 1730: T ins Lord, having been Heir to his Mother, Donna Marianna de Lancaftrb, Daughter and Heirefs of joaon Gomes da Sylva, Lord Chief Juft ice, was twice married j the fir f t Adventure with Donna Ignacia de Noronba, Daughter to the Earl o f Areas ; the fecond with Donna Bernarda de Tavern, Daughter to the Marquis of Tavora; the former of thefe Nuptials increafed his Family with the Birth o f two Daughters, though the laft was without lifue; his eldeft was mar­ried to Don Affonfo de Noronba, who died in a few Years, without Succeffion; her Sifter, called Donna Tberefa Mar cel Una da Sylveira, remained Heirefs o f the Fa­mily, and efpoufed Antonio Luhs de Tavora, Brother to Bernardo Ftlippe Fieri, the fecond Earl o f ylhor, becoming by this Marriage fourth Earl o f Sarzedas, by a Grant in June, 1730 $ in March, 1732, he was difpatched with the G o­vernment of S. Paulo.

a o <5 D I S S E R T A T I O N S - , o n

The E arldom c/'Soure: Coftas.

T h is Earldom commenced in the Perfon o f Don yoam da Cojla, by Grant from King John IV of whom he was one o f the ProcIaimers, and his Counfel­lor o f War, General o f Artillery, Camp-mafter-general, and Governor o f Arms in the Province o f Alentcjo, Ambailador from Affonfo VI, to tire Court o f Prance, Prefident of the ultramarine Council, and Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Infante Don Pedro.

H is Son, Don G il Pannes da Cojla, fucceeded him as fecond Earl o f Scare; Commendador (as his Father was) o f the Commendas o f Befclga, Scare, and Cajlro-marim % and Veador o f the Senate at Lijbon, at a Juncture when none but Perfons of the firft Quality obtained thofe Employs.

H e was followed by his Son, Don Joaon jqfeph da Cojla e Soufa, third Earl o f Scare; General de Batalba in the long W ar (concluded by the Peace of Utrecht); and died at Dcnia in the Kingdom o f Valencia, where the allied and Portvguefe Troops had marched, after taking and quitting Madrid, in the Year 1706, un­der the Command o f the Marquis das M inas: H e was poftefied in Right o f his Lady, Donna L uiza Francijca de Tavora, Daughter and Heirefs o f Henrique de Carvalho, of that Family Inheritance, jointly with the entailed Eftate o f Pata- lim, and other Rents, befides being Commiiiary o f the W orks in the Palace.

From thcle Nuptials lprung Don Henrique Jofeph Francifco Joachim Lamberts da Cojla Soufa Carvalho Patalim , fourth Earl o f Sours, and Captain o f Horfe in the Province o f Admicjo: He was twice married; at firft with Donna Therefa Ig~ nacta de Mojcojb, Daughter of Vffco Fernandes Cefar, Earl o f Sabugoja, by which Adventure he had no Children; though his fecond Lady, Donna Antonia de Ro- haon, brought him a Son, named Don Joaon da Cojla.

This Houle had for it’s Root, Don Joaon da Cofla, third Son of Don G ilE an- 7ies da Cofla, who, befides other Children, had three M ales; the firft was Don Alvaro da Cojla, who continued the Name and Houfe o f his Father j the fecondT Don Antonio da Cofla, whofe Daughter and Heirefs, Donna Marianna da Cajlro da Cojla, efpoufed Don Joaon Mafcarenbas, Lord of'Entail o f Palma; the tlurd, Don joaon da Cojla, Gentleman to King John III, who, accompanying K ing Se- bajlian, was made a Captive at the Battle of A lcactr: This D on Alvaro was chief Armourer and Chamberlain to King Manoei, Ambafiador to. tire Court o f Spam, and his Favourite. The Defendants continued fucceflively from Father to Son, m Don Gtl pannes da Cofla; Don Joaon da Cofla; another Don G il Pannes da

. Coflot

Cojlas who was Father to Don Joao?i da Cofa, fir ft Earl o f Sourc, as aforemen­tioned. Before the Separation of thefe three Branches, Don Alvaro da Cofa, eldeft Son o f Martim Rodrigues de Lanas, had taken the Name o f Cofa, from his M other; fo that the Defendants o f this Houfe is from that o f Lemos,

. Lords o f Trofa.

The E arldom o f Tarouca: Menezes.

, This Title bEgun by K ing Manoel, who created Don foaon de Menezes, fourth Son o f Don Duarte de Menezes (third Earl of V i anna), firft Earl of Tarouca; he lived to fee four Reigns, viz. that of Affonfa V, in whole Tim e he fenced in A frica, w ith the Approbation of the greateft Officers o f that Age; that of John II, who made him Lord High Steward of his Houfhold, Comptroller of the Revenue, and the Prince’s Governor; that o f K ing who raifed him to the Earl­dom, as above, and gave him the Priory of Grata; and, laftly, that o f King John III, at whole Coronation he filled the Poll of Alferes mo?-. His Son, Don, Duarte deMenezes (Governor o f India), had not the Title o f Earl; nor his Grand- fon, Don Joaon de Menezcs; nor his great Grandfon, Don Duarte de Menezes, Camp-mafter-general to K ing Scbafian, at the Battle o f AJcacer, where he was taken Prifoner; for, on his being difpatched as Viceroy o f India, K ing Philip I. gave him the T itle o f Earl, but he would not accept it, as it was- not offered de

ju re and o f Inheritance.T h e fecond Earl of Tarouca was Don L u iz de Menezes, Son o f the faid Vice­

roy Don Durate, who died in the Captainfhip o f Tangier, which belonged to his Fam ily from the Tim e of the firft Don Duarte de Menezes: He was followed by his Son, Don Duarte L u iz deMenezes, third Earl o f Tarouca-, who, going over to the Cafilian Monarch, carried his two Sons with him, and had there the Title o f Marquis of Penalva.

Some Years after, his fecond Son, Don Efevaon, returned to Portugal and, after the Death of his Brother Don L u iz , who had remained in Spain, he became Head o f the Houfe of Tai-cuca, but without the T itle of Earl.

Finally, tills Earldom was renewed in his eldeft Daughter and Heirefs o f the Family, Donna Joanna Rafa Marta Agueda dc Menezes; and by her Marriage with Joaon Gomes da Syha, fourth Son to the firft Marquis of Alegrete, Manoel Telles da Syha, he became the fourth Earl o f Tarouca; his Lady dying on the 23d o f Auguft, 1734: He was Sergeant-major deBatdlba and C’ainp-mafter-general, in the W ar terminated by the Peace o f Utrecht in the Year j 715. In 1709 (having fome Tim e before been appointed firft Plenipotentiary o f the future general Pa­cification), he went over to England, encharged with fome Negotiations by Ins M after K ing John V, and the Year' following to Holland, with a fimilar Commlf- fion for tire States-general; and fubfequently was named Ambaffador extraordi­nary and firft Plenipotentiary from his Portuguefe Majefty to the Congrefs at Utrecht, where, with Don Luis da Cunha (fecond Plenipotentiary) he figned the Peace between that Crown and France, on the 1 ith of A pril, 1713, and between Portugal and Spain, on the 6th o f February, 17 j 5; he afterwards went from the Plague to the Court o f Vienna, on fome Affairs for his Majefty’s Service, where he was in the Year 173-5, and then appointed Governor o f Anns, and Counfel- lor o f W a r: His Son, Don Efevaon de Menezes, was in the Father’s Life-time fifth Earl o f Tarouca, and efpoufed his Coufin, Daughter to the third Marquis o f Alegrete, Manoel Telles da Syha.

T h e Line of the Earls o f Tarouca is the fame with that o f the ancient Earls p f V i anna, from which .this Branch was feparated in the fourth Son o f Don D u­arte de Menezes, third Earl o f Vianna, as hath been before obferved; and the firft Earl o f Vianna was Don Joaon Afbnfo Tcllo de Menezes, in the Reign o f K ing Peter L

The

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L .

2>oST'be Earldom of V al de Reys : Mendoças.

T h e Creation o f this T itle was by K ing Philip III, in the Perfon o f Nuno dé Mendoça-, Tafter to Cardinal Alberto, Archduke o f Aujlria, during his Govern­ment o f Flanders j Governor of ‘Tangier-, Prefident o f the Table o f Confidence i Viceroy cleft o f India (though this he would not accept) ; Counfellor o f State, and Governor o f the Kingdom, jointly with D on Antonio de Ataide, firft Earl of Cqfirodairo. His Son, Lourenço de Mendoça, dying in his Father’s Life-tim e, did not enjoy the T id e : But his Son, Nuno de Mendoça, was fécond Earl o f Val de Reys-, Genrieman o f the Bedchamber to Prince Theodojiô, Governor o f Algarve-, Prefident o f the Senate at Lijbon, and o f the ultramarine Council 3 named' In- Ipeftor o f the Revenue (though o f this he never took PoiTefTion, b ÿ Teafon of fome Difficulties which offered about Precedency) 3 H igh Stéwàrd to the Infanta Dorm a Ifabel Maria Francifca de Saboya, eldeft Daughter o f .King Peter II, and Counfellor of State.

He was fucceeded by his Son, Lourenço de Mendoça, third Earl of V al de Reys, Deputy o f the Junta o f the three Eftates, Governor o f the JuiHces, and o f the Council o f State: This Nobleman was Father to Nuno de Mendoça, fourth Earl, and Deputy o f the Meeting of die three Eftates 3 and, dying on the 3d o f Ja ­nuary, 1732, was fucceeded by Ids Son, Lourenço Filippe de Mendoça, who, in his Father’s Life-time, was fifth Ear), by a Grant dated in January, 17283 he mar­ried in the Y car 173 2, with Donna Joanna de Noronha, Daughter to D on Antonio de Noronha, fécond Marquis of Angeja, who brought him a Male Succeffor the following Year.

T h e Barony o f this Houfe is one o f the mold ancient in Spain, commencing in the Lords o f Bifcay, who for many Years enjoyed this Seigniory, till, by In­termarriage with the royal Family o f Cajlik, it became incorporated therewith. Feruaon Inigues, or Furtado, was a Defcendant o f one o f the Branches o f this Houfe 3 who, in the Reign o f K ing Affoiïjb III, accompanied Queen B rit es to Portugal, where he was Lord of the Honours o f Pedrozo ; and in Cajlik, the A p ­pellation of Furtado diftinguifiied the Family, which at fir if was the Surname ; From this Lord the Mendoças o f Portugal are defeended, by Ray Furtado, Grand­father of Nuno Furtado de Mendoça, chief Harbinger to Ajfonfo V 3 and from A n­tonio de Mendoça, the Laid Harbinger’s fécond Son, fprung Joaon de Mendoça, hi$ fourth Son, who was Father to Nuno de Mendoça, fir if Earl o f Val de Reys.

The E arldom o f Valladares : Noronhas.

The fiifi: Earl o f Valla dares was Don M iguel L u iz de Menezes, Son to Don Carlos de Noronha, and Donna Antonia de Menezes, illegitimate Daughter o f D on M iguel de Menezes, ftxth Marquis o f Villa-Real, and firft Duke o f Caminha-, he had the faid Title and other Rents, by Agreement with K ing Pedro IL in the Year 1702, by the Right which the Houfe o f Villa-Real had, after the unhappy Event of the laft PoiTeflbrs of the aforefaid Titles. *

His Son, Don Carlos de Noronha, fucceeded as fécond Earl o f Valladares, and was Gentleman o f the Bedchamber to King John V , dying on the 8th o f Fe­bruary, 1731.

In the Life-time of this Nobleman, his, Son, D on M iguel L u iz de Mmezes, was the third Earl o f Volladares, and Deputy o f the Junta o f the three Eftates; who married with Donna Marianna de Cajlelk-Branco, Daughter to the fécond. Marquis of Alegrete.

T he Lineage of this Houfe is the fame with that o f the Earls o f Linares, from which a Branch was feparated in the Peribn o f D011 Carlos de Noronhai Piefident o f the Table o f Confidence, and Son o f D on Antonio Menezes, Alcaide mor o f Vifeu, and Grand fon to Don Pedro de Menezes, who was Son to the firft:.

Earl

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

Earl o f Linares ; and tills Earl, iecond Son to Don Pedro de Menezes, fifft Mar­quis o f Villa-Real,

fh e E arldom of S. Vicente; Cunlias.

, T h e firft Earl o f S.Vtcente was foaon Nunes da Cunha, Gentleman o f the Bed­chamber, to the Princes Don fheodofo and Don Pedro, Governor of the Arms of Settaual; King Ajfonfo VI. gave him the Title of Earl in the Year 1666, on nam­ing him Viceroy .of India, 'where he died during his Government.

T h e fecond Earl y/as ‘Miguel Garlos.de favora, Brother to the firft Marquis of favora, and to the firft Earl o f A bor, in Right o f his Lady,- the Conntefs . Donna Maria,Caefana de Vilbena, Daughter and Keirefs to the firft Earl o f S. Vicente,. Joaon Nunes da Cunba, as above; this Nobleman* betides the feveral Pofts that he difcharged with great Reputation, was Captain-general o f the royal Armada or Fleet, and Counfellor of State, dying m the Year 1736.

In his Life-time, foaon Alberto de favora, his Son, was the third E a r l; and, having' married with Donna Be mar da, his Coufin, Daughter o f Antonio Lui-z dr favor a, fecond Marquis o f favor a, and exer citing the Poll: o f Sergeant-major de Batalba, he died valiantly fighting in the Battle of Brocas, on the yth of April, 1706, without IiTue.

And for W ant thereof, his youngefl Brother, Manoel de favor a e Cunba, be­came the fourth Earl of S, Vicente (his Father being yet living), ahd was Ser- geant-major i/r Batalha zt Sea, which lie continued exercifing in 1735.

His Son,' Miguel Carlos de favor a da Cunha, received a Grant in the Month o f January, 1728, as fifth Earl, though his Father was yet alive; he married Donna Rofa de A t aide, Daughter of Don Jeronymo de Ataidey eleventh Earl of Atouguta, whofe Difpenfation was celebrated on the 26th oi. September, 1728..

T h e Pedigree of the .firft: Earl of. S. Vicente, foaon Nunes da Cunha, is' the fatfie mentioned under the Title of the Earls of Povolide, Defendants, from the. CunbaSy ‘ Lords o f Gejla^o and Panoya. This Branch was feparated in the Per- fon- o f foaon Nunes da Cunha, fecond Son to the Governor o f India, the great Nuno da Cunba, who lived in the Reign o f K ing Sebafian: He was- followed by Ills eldeft Son, Nuno da Cunha, Lord o f the Inheritance of Ladrceiro and o f S. Vicente da B eira ; who had for Succeffor, his Son, Joam Nunes.da Cunba-r w ho. was Grandfather to another foaon Nunes da Cunba, the firft'E arl of S. Vicente-........................

S P A I N a n d P O R T U G A L .

. . fhe E arldom ¿/"Villa-Flor: Manoeis,

. This Earldom had its Beginning in the Perfon o f Don Sancho Manoel, by Grant from .King Affonfo V I, ; who alfo gave him the Lordfhip o f Villa-Fhr, and. made all de jiire and hereditaiy in the Year 1659 ; lie was Gouniellor o f W ar and State, military. Gôycm or o f the Provinces o f Beira and AJentejo, Camp.-mafter-gene- ral near, the .King’s Perfon, Governor of the Houfhold, and of . theRelaçaon of Porto,-and, the; T o wen o f Belem ; he gained the Battle of Anidxial, and regained the City. olE vora.

He. was. fu.cceeded by his Son, Don ÇhriJlQvaon Manoel, fecond Ear! o f Villa- Flor, who left no legitimate Succcflion.- . . r ■ '. : _■„ By,his D & ith, MajUim de Soufa de Meneuses became third Earl with this Title, apd c h i e f Butler;orLppbeaxer to e in g , Jo/w V,..as Sop o f Donna M aria deNo- ronha,. Sifter, and Heirefs to the aforefaid fecond Earl : He, died on the 17th o f November,: J fZ ' antî was ' fucçeeded by .Ills Son,. .Luis de Soufa de Menezes M a- noei, fourth Earl o l Villa-Flor-, which Title he enjoyed in;-,the Life-tim e o f his Father^ and; was mariied to a-Daughter o f DonforgeM enriyues, .Lord o f , the Al.cdçwas* i ■ ■ ‘ , ‘ "

vod. ir *■ 3 H 1 ' ■ ■■ This; 1 ■■■ /

aie»T h is Houfe received great Luftre in the Perfon-of Don AntonioManoek yûungeiH

Brother to the Earl Don Cbrtßovaon, ele&ed grand Matter o f Malta in* 1722 j , ■ which Dignity he was enjoying .in the Year 173.5*

T h e Bai'ony o f the firft Earl o f Villa-Flor fprings from D on Joaon Manoel, Lord o f Bifiap, who was Father to Queen Confiant of Portugal, arid Donna Joanna o f Cajliis^ himfelf being Son o f the Infante Don blamed and Grandfoif > to the King St. Fernando. ■}

D on Joaon Manoel, omitting other Dependencies^ was followed by his Son;.\ D on Henri que Manoel de Vilbena, whom King Fernando, o i Portugal made Earl o f Cintra and Cea-y and had, among other Sons, D on Joaon Manoel,- Stock o f the Manoeisy Lords o f Cbelles: T h e Succeffion was continued b y his Son,.D bnFiogoi Manoel de Vilbena y and DOn Manoel de Vilbena Manoely his Grandfbn, fécond and-, third Lords o f Cbelles j o f this Don Manoely Don Chrifiovaon Manoel de Vilbena- was fécond Son, who had D on Fraud]co Manoel, and he another FovtGbrißovaon- Manoel, whole third Son; was D on Sancbo Manoel, firft Earl ö f Villa-Flor,

T h e Stock o f Mariim de Soufa de Menezes, third Earl o f V illa-Fkr, is that o f : the Sonjas, called Mandas ; in which Houfe the. Office o f chief Cupbearer h a th run ever fince the Reign o f the Cardinal King Dori H u rt que. ■ . . .

Fbe Earldom of Villa-N ova: Lancaftros.

T h e Earldom o f Villa-Nova de Port imam hath been in various Families ; for,, beginning in that o f Caßello-Branco, by Grant from K ing Manoel tO tDon tinho de Caflello-Bramo, fir ft Earl of Villa-Nova,, it paiTedto the Houfè o f the Earls o f Sorteÿsa, by tire Marriage o f D on:Lutz de Sylveira, third Earl o f Sor- felha, withD onna M aria de Vilbena (his fécond Lady), Daughter to D on Manoel de Cqflelk-Braneo, and Donna Branca de Vilbena, Earl and Countefs o f Villa* Nova- de Porttmaon* After fome Tim e the Houfes o f Sortelha anàVilla-N ovà be­came united: with that o f the Lane aßros, head Commendadores odM uiz, b y th e Efpoufals o f Donna Magdalena de Lancaßro, or de Vilbena, feeOn&Daughter (but ■ afterwards Heirefs) to the faid third Earl o f Sortelha, with her Coufin, Don, Pe­dro de Lamaßro, chief Commendador o f A v lz , fécond Earl o f Ftgüeïrô, .fifth o f Sortelha, and o f Villa-Nova de Portimaon : T he eldeft Daughter o f this: Earl o f Sortelha, namedDonna Branca de Vilbena, was fourth Countefs o f Sortelha, and married with her Uncle, Don Gregorio Tbaumaturgo de Gaßello-Branco ; but, dy­ing without IiTue, the Title paffed to her aforementioned Sifter, Donna Magda- kna.

T h e Succeffion o f Don Pedro was continued in his Son, D on Jofipb L u iz de Lancaßroy third Earl of Figueiro, and Lord o f the Earldoms o f Sortelha and Villa-Nova de Portimaon', this Nobleman, dying without Heirs, was fucceeded by his Brother, Don L u iz de Lancaßro, feventh Earl o f Villa-Nova, head Cont­ra endadof 0$-Aviz, and Lord o f Sortelha, Figueiro, and Other Lands, who efpouled Donn&Magddkna de Noronha, fécond Daughter o f D on Eftevaon de -MeVeZis, and Sifter to Donna Joanna- Rofa Maria Agueda de Menezesy C o u n ty o f Farciiôa.

From this Marriage fprung Don Pedro de Lam aßro, eighth Earl o f Villa-NbVO^ who was bom in the Year 1697, and married with Donna Maria-Soßa de Lancaf- tro, Daughter to the firft M arquis o f Abrantes, ■ . -1 ' L

' The Male Eine o f tlie Earls of Villa-Nova is at preferit in' tlie rtoBle ftâtriüy of the Dukes ofAveiro ; ■ and' have for Stock, F oti-L u tz ; de- ■ Làneàfirél third Soa ftrDou Jorge, the legitimated one o f K in g JohnM , Commonly ealkd-tfte Fuke-* mafl'er,-whomdrried with Donna Magdalena de Granada', Daughter to the-ïrifantO Don Joaon de Granada, Governor o f Galicia*. D ' v : ■ D , ■ ;f-L .

He was fücceedpd by his Son* Fon-Xeutz de Lancaßro-,-of- the Council o fState, and Comptroller o f the Revenue to King Philip I -y as he was by bis Söü,- D op FranAfio L utz de Lancaßro, who vyas in Caßile at the Tim e o f the Acclamation :

t h is

D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n

i l lT h is Noblet^an was Father to Don. “Pedro de Lancafiro, fecond Earl o f FlgueBo, alfeady**fti&ken. of, and Cardinal Vjrifiimo de Lancafiro, Inquiiitor-general, and Counfellor Of State, after having been Archbiihop of Braga t

The E arldom o/" Vim ieiro: Faros*

T h e firifEarl o f Vimietro was Don Francifco de Faro*, third Son to another with the fame Name, and his fecond W ife Donna Gmmar de Cafiro, who was feventh Lord o f Vi me ire: His fecond Son, Don Sancbo de Faro, fucceeded him as Lord, o f - Vxfnieiro and A lm n tre; but neither he nor his Son Diego de Faro e Sofia; Comptroller o f the Houihold to the Queens Donna Maria Francifca Ifabel de Sa 'hoya and Donna M aria Sofia de Neohurg, ever had the Title o f E a rl: This Lord was fucceeded by his Son, D on Sancbo de Faro, in whom it was however renewed in the Year 1709, by Grant from King John V , and he became fecond Earl o f Vi- mieiroywas Governor of the Arms of the Province o f Minhb Gounfelior o f W ar, and Governor o f Faina, -where he died in the Year 1719, before the-Term of his Government expired. .

Ih 1735» L i go de Faro,. Son to the laft mentioned, was then the thirdEarls he was horn in the Year 1^05, and1, in 1729, was married to Donna Ma­rianna Jofefa de Menezes, Daughter of Diogo de Menezes e Favor a, Comptroller of Queen Marianna o f A fin a 's Houihold.

T h is Family is a Branch o f the royal Houfe of Braganga; having-commenced in the Perfon o f Don Fernanda de Faro, fecond Son o f Ajfonfo Earl o f Faro, who was fourth Son to Don Fernando, the firft of,the Name, ,and fecond Duke of Braganqa; the eld eft ,Bf other of the laid Fernando o f Faro was , Don Sancbo' de No- ron'ha, third'Earl o f Odemira. - . . T

D on Fernando de Faro had for Succeifor his Son, Francifco de Fdro,- Counfellor o f Stale to King Sebaftian, his Ambafiador in Spain, and Inipedtor of the Reve­nue j who, lofing both his eld elf Sons by Death, was fucceeded by his third,. Francifco de Faro, who, as I have already faid, was the fir it Earl o f Vimieiro♦

Fhe E arldom o f Unhaon-r Sylvas.

T h e Creation o f this'Title was by King Philip III, in Favour o f Fernaon Felles de Menezes, ninth Lord , o f Unbaon, and other Lands, o f which the faid Prince: made him Earl de jure and o f Inheritance: He,had for Succeifor his Son, I?c- dtigo Fdies de Menezes e Gafiro, fecond Earl of Unbaon, and tenth .Lord of this H oufe: Don FernandoFelles dc Menezes e Cafiro followed, as .third Earl of Tin- baonr and- married with:D on m M aria,de Lancafiro, Govemeis to K ing Jobn.V , afterwards Matcliioiiefs' o f Unbaon, and firft. Lady o f the Bedchamber to ther aboVementioned Queen Marianna o f A fin a -, and by this Marriage, the Right, which, the Earls o f Unbaon claimed to -the Succcfllon in the Houfe of Aveiro was confirmed, as the' faid-Marchionefsiwas Grande-daughter to, fh? Marquis e f Gou- ‘uea,Rot\ Manrique ■ da-. Sylvia, and his: third W ife Donna Marin de Lancafiro, who was Daughter to A varo de Lancafiro, third Duke o f A$ie}ro,lm& to his Niecejfo- liana de Lancafiro, whom he efpOufed.; •

T he Suceeffion o f xBtUnhaon. Family was continued by D on Rodrigo de CaJ- tbo Felles e Mbnezes, Son to the-preceding;, fourth Earl o f Unbaon, and twelfth Lord o f his Houfe,, Deputy ;of the Meeting o f the, three Eftates' Gentleman o f the -Bedchamber to K in g John V,.Governor and Captain -general o f the Kingdom ofi Agorae-, in 1 735,. he was made Counfellor of:W ar, and in that Year remained w fth ■ thoGovernm ent of*:the fante-f he married iint.01 the, Houfe, o f rthe Earls of 8, Vicente, and has Children by his; Lady.' ; , . . ■

Thefe Noblemen are by'N am e Syhas-,: o f the Lords o f Vogos: T h e Branch o f th e Houfe of Unbaon was feparated therefrom in Fernaon Felles de Menezes, fe- ehild Son tp Ayres Gomes da Syha, third Lord o f Vagos, and of his W e Donna

Brites

SP A I N AN D P O R T U GAL.

ÌZ-12, D I S S E R T A T I O N S o n iB ri tes Je Meneuses, from.'whom they took the Appellation.. T h e Lordihip .of U«- hmn- runs now in. the.Houfe o f Vagos, and'the Hbrefaid Fernaon Telles de Mehezes bore the Title as fourth Earl o f XJnhaon ; he was fucceeded by R uf Telles . de M e- , nezes, Lord High Steward to the Queens Marta and Leonor, fécond and third. W ives to King Manosi, and to tlié Emprcft Donna ifabel-, 'Mamel Telles de Me- ne&eSï third' Son to the preceding ; Fernaon Telles de Menezcs, and anÓflicr. Ma­nici Telles deMenezcs, who died in the Battle o f Jlcacer,. without enjoying,the* Honours (as it feetns) of his Family ; to which his Brother* Ruy Telles de. Mene- xts? fucceeded, and was Fatherto Fernaon Telles de Menezes^ firft Earl oîUnbàon. .

V I S- C O ü N T I E S.

■ Ti'fW rscouilTY.ç/'AÛeca: Sas.

This Title commenced iti''the Pcrfon of Martim Correa.de. Sa :e Ben amides, in the Year lóóófB y G iant from King Affonfo V I , in virtue o f d Promife the Queen Regent Donna L uiza had made to his Father* Salvador Correa da Sa, w hich ihe defiied her Son to comply with; the faid Salvador was* Governor of Rio de J a ­neiro, and Angola, which he recovered from the Dutch, and -was C Dun fello n o f W ar in the aforefaid K ing’s M inority; he was Grandfon to his Namefake,.who lerved valiantly at Brajil in the Tim e o f his Uncle, Mem de Sa ; and, fucceeding to the Government o ï Rio de Janeiro, he peopled S. Scbajiam.

H e was fucceeded by his eldeft Son, Salvador Correa de Sa, fécond Vlfcount,- who died without Süccefïion. And,‘ -By his Death, DiogoGm-rea de Sa, fécond Son o f the firft Vifcount, became the

third, and was married to Donna Ignez de Lancajlro, Sifter to the prefent Earl o f Sdbufbfa ■ his Son, Sebafian Correa de Sa, efpoufed in Augufl, 1734, Donna Clara de Amorim Pereira de Brito, Daughter and Heirefs o f Qo n Lour eneo Mamel deAmo- ripi-,■ Alcaide mor o f Monçaon* - .

The V iscounty ofBarbacena: Caftros do Rio,

W as a Grant from Ajfonfo V I, to Affonfo Fürfado de Mendoca, General o f the Artillery and Cavalry, Camp-miafter-general in E f remadura, military Governor in tile Province o f Beira in the Divifion o i' P enamacor,-v.nà:Go\c:n\oì: o f the Ba­hia (where he died in the Year 1675), and Counfellorof W ar. ; . . .Lr.

His Son, Jorge Furi ado de Mendoca, fucceeded him as fecondVifcount o f Bar­batella, and was Governor o f the Arms o f the Province M B eira, among ‘leverai Employs, which hé dîfchargedwith great Honour ; he married with.DonnaLafs^t de Hohenloe, Maid o f Honour to Queeh M aria1 Sofia Ifabel de'-Neoburg, Daughter o f L u iz Gujìavo, Earl o f Hohenloe, Prince-of the iacred Roman Empire,, and o f Anna Barbara, o f the H ou feof Sebo mb am : 'H e was fucceeded byliis Son,; Ajfonfo Francifco Furi ado de Mendoçà,. th e th ird Vifeountyw ho,, berti g G eneral de B at alba, turned Monk o f thè Order o f S. BenediSld and -fonie Yeats..after palled ito'Vara- tojo: And, by Cefikm o f his elder Brother, ifothe Year. 173*5,. LuizX avierFur^ fado de Metidoça became fourth Vifcount o f '-Ba-rhacena. . *'vr ,.

T he Name o f this Family comes" from D'ibga de Cafro 'do Rio, who, in'ifhe. Reign o f King^oZwIÏR was Lord of th eT ow rr o f Bar.bacenar H e riva s fuecef- htely followed by ‘Martim de Cafri) dç Rio s eerA. Lw zeU Caftro fb R io.-, vwhdy dy i ng without IiTué, * was’fucceeded- .by his B roti 1er, fforg s furtadoidé: Mendoçà, ; staking

this’Appellation^ffofn lus Ndmeiake aiiftGrandfather,by*'his,;Mofher g-Sid^.vvho ' was -Commendadòr * o f the Entrièfo and marri ed.foith Dónn^MatiaMefiAqueA (p i

the Lords of Beringel) ; from which N u p tia 1 s dp ru ng Affonfo Fur tado - do ça,tifo aforementioned firft Vifcount-of Barbacela. 7 .fl G a; •• . — -ifon

213■ Lbe V iscounty Villa-Nova da Cervcira : Britos.

T h e alphabetical Order hath obliged me to place this T itle here, though theft: Noblemen obtained the Preeminence of Earls, by Grant from Ring Philip III-, confirmed by John IV, in the firft Cortes which were held after his afcending the Throne. This Vifcounty hath Jbeen poflcfied by three different Families, ac­cording to the following Sncceffion.

T h e firfi: Vifcount that enjoyed' this Honour, was of the Ploufe o f the Limas, Defc-endants o f Fernando Ayres Baticella, who was married-with Donna Lbereja, fecond- Daughter o f DonBcrmudo Peres de Tw ca, and the Infanta Donna Pare]a, Sifter to: King AJfonfo-Henriques,

T h is Title commenced in Don Lionel de Lima (by Grant from AJfonfo V ,), fe­cond Son of Fernando Eannes de Lima, Alcaide mSr o f Ponte de Lima, Lord of the Areas de Valdevez, and Ainbaifador in Qajlik: He was fucceeded by his Son, Don Joaon de Lima, as fecond Vifcount, and head Guard to K ing John II, who was Lather o f Don Prandfco de Lima, third Vifcount, and of K ing John I ll 's Coun­cil i his Son, Don.; Joaon de Lima, became fourth Vifcount, and was a Counfdlor to fa n g febajTian; to whom was born Don Francifco de Lima, fifth Vifcount, who only left a Daughter, named Donna Jgncz de Lima.

T h e Line o f the Limas thus fin filling, that o f the Britos fucceeded, and were the fecond Houle that poifefied this Honour, beginning in the Perfon of L u iz de Brito Vfogueira, eldeft Son to Louremqo de Brito Nogueira, a Branch o f the Lords o f the Dilates of Santo Lftevaon de Bcja, and of S. Lourenqo de Lijbsa, by the Mar­riage made with the aforementioned Heirefs to the fifth Vifcount, and by which alfo he became the fixth.

H e had for his Sitcceflor, his Son, Don Lourenqo de Brito Nogueira e Lima,, fe- Venth Vifcount, and Comrfellor of State; who was Father to Don L u iz de Lima, firft Earl o f Arcos, by Grant from Philip 11, on his efpoufing Donna Victoria de Borbon, though he never enjoyed the Title o f Vifcount: His Son, Don Lourenco Piii-fpe Nogueira de Britfr e Lim a, fucceeded him as fecond Earl of Areas, and eighth-Vifcount o f Villa-Nova da Cervcira, who died without Heirs.

By'his Dteath, Donna Magdalena de Borbon, Daughter to the firft Earl o f A r- cos: (the- afoielaid Don L u iz de Lim a), and Sifter to the fecond Earl Don Lou- renco, became Heirefs- to that Houfe, and was married to Don Lbomas de No- ton ha,' b y Which he- fucceeded to the Title, and was third- Earl of Arcos ; whole Defbeudant-s Kill- poifeis- the Earldom, as hath been remarked in treating on that Fam ily.

L h e VifcOuhty pailbd- on this O’ecafion to Don Diogo de Brito Nogueira e Lima, fixthSOn to Lourenco de Brito; feventh Vifcount, and' lecond Brother to Don L u iz de Lfmety firft Earl O'f Arcos, and Uncle to theCountels Donna Magdalena de Bor­bon f this-Lord was nnith Vifcount of Villa-Nova de Cervcira, Governor o f the ArmR o f the Province o f Minho, Couniellor o f State, Prefidcnt of the Board o f Tradhj- aiid Mafter o f the Ho tie-to AJfonfo VI,- H idG lii Id fen- were, Don Manoel de Lima e Vtfconcellos Brito Nogueira, the tenth V iftsiiiftrian d D O h L om rjp de Lima, the eleventh (both dying without Heirs) j aiid'D dh Joadti F&ndrides de Lima, the twelfth: The Title continued in Ms Son, D on Lbomas de Lim a e Vafconcellos Brito Nogueira, thirteenth Vifcount, by the De-

-eeafeo f Ms elder Brother, who died young ; he was.married to Donna M ari­anna de Hobenke, Daughter o f L u iz Gujlavo, Earl o f Hobenloe, and Prince o f tire facred Roman Empire,--and- o f AfmaBdrbara, o f the free Barons.of Schombom, by whom he had Donfia'MadiaAe-Lima, Heirels o f this Houfe-. and in- him termi­nated tire fecond Fam ily with this T itle .

A nd the third commenced in the Perfon of Don Lbomas da Sylva Lelies (fe- Con^Son of F ern m Lelies da Syha, fecond Marquis o f Alegrcte), by his M ar-

V ol. II. * 3 * ria£e

S P A I N AND P O R T U G A L .

2.T4

Monarch. L\i-6 t . p^r. 6.lir .iK , cap,4.8.

riage with the aforelhid Heirefs, Donna Maria de Lim a (who died in 1725, leav- ing a numerous Iflue); which Alliance alfo gave him the T itle of fourteenth Vifcount, and a little after, v iz. in the Year 1735, he was appointed Camp- mailer-general.

D I S S E R T A T I O N S on

B A R O N S .

Baron g f Alvito : Sylveiras-Lobos.

Thefe Noblemen are at the famé time Earls o f Oriola ; for which Reafon they are commonly intitled Earl-Barons, as may be feen in the Relation about the faid Earls, to which I beg the Reader will be referred, as well as for other Par­ticulars concerning the Family.

Baron d a I lh a G r a n d e ; M a c e d o s .

T h e firfl Baron o f the Gréât Ijfand was L u iz Gonçalo de Soufa de Macedo, by Grant from King Affonfo V I, in Conlideration o f the Services his Father, Anto?iio de Soufa de Macedo, had rendered the Crown ; which made him Judge o f the Court o f Requeils, Envoy in England, Counfellor o f the Revenue, and, finally, Secre­tary o f State; He was Son to Gonçalo de Soufa de Macedo, Judge of public Caufes, and of the Crown, and alfo head Treafurer. T h e aforefaid firil Baron married with Donna Maria de Pavora e Mendoça, Daughter to Francifco Purtado de Men- deçà, Commendador of Borba, who, having increafed her Family, died on the 10th o f Auguf, 17275 and I find, that, in the Year 1732} their eldeft Son, An­tonio de Soufa de Macedo, was the fécond Baron.

Tilles which were formerly in the Kingdom o f P o rtu g a l, and are now-exiinEl or changed.

T o illnilrate the Hiftory o f this Kingdom, and render Things as confpicuous as ^Kiffible, it m uil be remarked, that there were formerly in Portugal, Earls without Lands erected into Earldoms, and Earldoms deiritute o f Earls, which took Titles therefrom. T h e ancient Cuftom, as the Earl Don Pedro writes, P it, XI. and XII, was, to call the large Eftates which the Pdcoffomens (rich Men) or Fidalgos (Gentlemen) held o f the K ing, Earldoms ; and for this Reafon, the Pofiefi.brs were ufually called Earls, though not of the Lands they had by Grants.

Until die Tim e o f King Peter I, there was but one Earl in Portugal, which was him of Bar cellos, as is feen in the Chronicles o f KmgFemando, cited by the chief Chronologift Fr. Francifco Brandaon j and the firft was Don Joaon Affonfo de Menezes, married to Donna Pherefa Sanches, Daughter o f K ing Sancho III, o f Gaftile, who, going to Portugal, was there made Earl of Bar cellos, by K in g Dennis, in the Year 1298. And it is faid, that in the Tame Reign, the T itle o f Earl o f Albuquerque and Meddhim was given to Affonfo-Sanches, the laid Prince’s illegiti­mate Son; though the abovementioned Chronologift inform s,us, that he was only difiingniihed by the T itle o f Lord of thofe Towns, in ail the public W rit­ings, and not by that of Earl.

. Pipes ‘ivbich were formerly in the royal Family.

Dukedom o f JBeja, Dukedom, o f Guimaraens,Dukedom of Coimbra, D u kedo m o f Prançojo, -av.-;Dukedom of Guar da. Dukedom o f Fifeu.; ;j

' P i ties

S P A I N A N D P O R T U G A L .titles of the royal Houfe o f Bragança.

Dukedom o f Braganca,Dukedom o f Barcellos,

which was an Earldom of the Mcmxss, Arc. Marquifate o f Vtlla-vigofa,Earldom o f Guimaraens,

by Grant fromKing^aif/oV, In 1461, to the Son of Don Fernando) Duke o iBragan a the

with 200 Horfe and 1O00 Foot Soldiers, at hia own Expense,

Earldom of Ourem,which has alio been in the Family of sha Me- mzes and others,

Earldom o f Arrayólos,Earldom of Neiva,

firft of the Name, for having gone to Africa, Earldom of Pennafel.

'Titles o f other Lords, either changed or ex tin £1.

T h e Dukedom of Caminha, in the Menezes, MarquiiTes o f Villa-Real', which were alfo Dukes o f Villa-ReaL

T h e Marquifate of Aguiar, in the Earl of Vimiofo, D on Francifco de Portugal, Grandfather to the late Marquis o f Valcwqa.

T h e Marquifate of Alenquer, in the Family o f the Sylvas.T h e Marquifate of Cafello-Rodrigo, in the Mouras Corte-Reaes.T h e Marquifate of Montahaon, in the Mafcarenbas.T h e Marquifate of Montemor, in Lord Don Joaon, fecond Son o f Don Fer­

nando (firft o f the Name), Duke o f Braganqa.T h e Marquifate of Porto-Seguro, in the Lancafros.T h e Marquifate of Sandes, in the Family o f the Torres.T h e Marquifate of Torres-Novas, in the Dukes of Avoir0; winch hath been

fince raifed to a Dukedom, in Favour o f the Primogeniture of that noble Fa-, m ily.

T h e Marquifate o f Villa-Real, in the Houfe of the Menezesj Dukes of Ca­minha. 1 ' '

T h e Earldom o f Ahrantes, in the Houfe o f the Almeidas.o f Alcoutim, - - - - - - Menezes.o f Alcanede, - - - - - - Lancafros.o f Armamar, - - - - - Mattos.o f Alegrete, - - - - -o f Arravolos, - - - -o f Afnbofo, - - - - -o f Barcellos, - - - - -o f B ofo, - - - - - -o f Borba, - -o f Cafianbeira, - - - -o f Caminha, - - - - - -o f Caftello-Novo, - -o f Cafirodairo, - - - -of Cea and Cintra, - - -

Albuquerques. Cafros. Mafcarenbas. Menezes. Caftros. Coutinbos.A i aides. Sotto-Mayores. Mafcarenbas. Ataides. Manoeis. ¡0

o f Faro, - - - - - -■ - Faros.o f Feira, - - - - - - Pereiras............o f Ftcalbo, - - - - - - Boryas.of pigueiro, - - - 1 - - - Lancafros.o f Horfa, - - - - - ■ Mafcarenbas. :of Idmha, - - - - - - Alca^ovas.oiLavradio, - - - - - Mendo^as,now revived, in the Ho life of the Almeidas,. Earls of Avintis. :; ..........oiLinbares, . - - - - Noronbas, - . ri f ■

. of.L o u ie ,. - Menezes. ■ ■o iL u m ta r , - - - - - - Mouras Corte-Reaes.

o f Mdfarellos, 7 \ - - -The

t

a i S

Chron. o f D u­nne Nunes o f Leon, o f the three Pris cut, P- 35-

.: D 1 S'SirE !R'T A T I 0. N 'SIT h e Earldom o f Mariaha/\Xi the. fip u fe o fth e Coutinbos.

'o 'i i " . '

Sas.Schonibefgi ; " ' '

-Cajlrosl .,. j ' J ‘Telit's M enezes, _., ^ a . Nbrdhbas.Me/lbs. . ■ : t . "V,'M enezes and Andeiros-. ,- AlbaqUirques.-' -a :: Yafconcellos and M enezes.

o f Mattofinbos, - ■ - o f M ercia, - o f Mefquiuil&j : - ' -

’ o f N ehd and Farid) o f Odemrra, - -o f Olivebicd, ' - - ; ,-- o f ' ^o f Fentitnacdr, - - o f Pane Ha j .ofPontevel) ’ 7 - Caabas.

o f Porto-Pjco, _ - . - - r ‘ LMcaftboL ^o f iSW-rifc,• 1 “ ; '■* ■ M ifcdritibas. 'o f Sea dim, „ - ■ ■

'of'Sortella, '-■ '-* J - ' ~ \ ~ "■• of Tk/'fti P i a, ■* -1 - P ere Map.' •’ ■ o f Torre de Moncotvo, - Pereiras,ofT orrcM bd ra s, ~ ' - - - ; - Alarcoens. - -of Vienna, - - - - - - Menezes. I 'of Yilla~Ffania3. .. - - - Cameras. 1of Villa-Poucd, - - TVZfri e S jh a ,of Villa-Real, - -■■ - ■* M enezef.'

I have not mentioned here the Titles which the feings o f Cafitle conferred, after K i n g - I V ’s AcceJEon to the Throne o f Portugal; viz. p u k es’ o f Abrantes, to ¡he Lanta/lros j o f EJlreinoz, to the.M?//oj; o f Link ares, to the Noronbos-, o f M af- quilfes o f Penaha to the Menezes; o f Trocifal, and. Earls of, Torres-Vedras, to the Soarcs-AJarcosns; o f Earls o f Pernambuco, to fhszAJhuquerques; o f Earl o f Arada, Lamarofa, and others.

Eefides the Titles enjoyed by the Heads o f HoufeS, f liefe annex thofe apper­taining to the eldeil Sons, as follows.

T h e Dukedom o f Torres-Novas, annexed to the.H ouieof die Dukes o f Aveiro. T h e Marquifate of ArroWcbesy annexed .to th e Houfe o f the Dukes o f A la-

foens. ■•f _ t 1 . jT h e Marquifate o f Ferreira, annexed to the Houfe o f the Dukes Of Cadapah T h e Marquifate of .Pontes, in -the Primogeniture o f h e M a q u is o f A ir antes.T h e Earldom o f Cantanbede, in the Primogeniture' o f th e Mai'quis o f Ma­

ri aha.T h e Earldom o f Capelh-Melbor, .Alternative with the Earldom o f Calheta.T h e Earldom o f Sy'Joaon,. in-the Houfe o f the Marquifie§ o f Favor a.T h e Earldom o f Miranda, in h e Houfe of. the MarquiiTes o f Arronches, and

Dukes o f Alafoens. . ;T he Earldom o f Monjanfo, in .h e Houfe of.the MarquifTes o f Cafcaes.T h e Earldom o f Palma, in h e Houfe o f h e Earls o f Obidos,T he Earldom o f Pendgmaon, . in the Houfe o f the-JVfafqBuiTes of Ponies and

Abrantes. , .. . . . - ...o;., ’T h e Earldom o f Prddo,Tin h e Houfe o f the Minas.T h e Earldom-of Sabugdl, m h e Houfe o f the E alls oCPalma and Obtdas.T h e Earldom o f S M tsC tliz, in the-Houfe-of th ^ -M a riiie s o f Gouvea.T he Earldom of Tetntn'gMy in- the Houfe of 'the MafquhTte o f Ferreira, and

Dukes o f Gad$vtsl\ V-: .r;

T he Earldom of Villa-Ydde ,rin the-Houfe-of h i'M ariju M es o f Angeja.

' ; i T he

‘The Earldom of Torri, in the Houfe of the Marquiffes of ProfttcirA.The Earldom, of Villar-Mayor, in the Houfe of' the Marquiffes of Alcgrdc,The Earldom of Vhniofo, in the Houfe of the Marquiffes of Valenti.

Vifcounths extinct.

, The Vifcounty of Fonte-Arcada - - - - in Jaques.of Cajldlo^Branco - - - in Caftellos-Brancos,

The Honours and Titles of Marchioneffes and Counteffes, which the Kings were aceuftomed to- give occafionally to fome Ladies occupying Employs in the Palace, fuch as the fubfequent: .' ‘

Marchionefs of Akwpier.: ■ - Marchionefs of Caftdlo-Mdhor.' --i 1 Marchionefs of Atouguia*

‘ " : Marchionefs of Santa Cruz.f Marchionefs. of Sours.

Marchionefs o f Unhao.Countefs of Penalva.

The Sons of Dukes are Grandees.The .Daughters of Dukes have the Honours of Marchioneifes.

. The .Prior of' Grata fits with the Earls, and1 covers himfelf as they do.In the ecclefiaffical Eftate King John V . endowed the moft illuitrious and moil:

reverend Patriarch' of Wejl-IJfbm with many great Prereminences.The Arch-Bifhops have the Honours' of Marquiffes.

' The Biihops, Dignitaries, and Canons of the patriarchal Church enjoy the Honours of Earls.

APPENDIXVon. II, 3 ^

2j 8 D I S S E R T A T I O N S,- -1

AP PENDI X III.

Containing a LiJI .of . & Fires and Souls in Portugal.

T H ave now lying, before me an Account of the Hearths and.Souls that this Kingdom contained^ taken in One thouiand feyen hundred and thirty-two, by

the.Marquis of Abrantes, Cenibr and Dire£tor of the Royal Academy,- and.fuppofed to be the moft corred extant; which, was I to particularize as he hath done, by diftinguiihirtg all the Pari ib.es and their Inhabitants, I ihould be forced to add many Sheets to this W ork, which I omit as hi peril nous to itsPerfeifiop, and ihall, there­fore, iatisfy myfelf with, only mentioning the Contents of each Province, extracted from the afbreiaid Calculate, with the foie Remark, that, the Marquis having left a few Blanks in it, I have filled them up by Numbers proportioned to the neigh­bouring Parifhes (and placed all thole Supplements to the Province ofEntrc-Do'uro e Minho), in which I believe I have not-greatly erred; fo my Reader may pleafe'to take the Abitrait in the fubfequent Lines;

to contain de tras OL.Montet o f Beira o f Kftremadura o f Alentejo ‘

The Kingdom of Algarve

P an jb es. Fires: . Souls,

,fe d } e«* 89,460 SS3 d 82

' ■ “ 543 41,608 128,250- 1091 149,628 525)I2°

296,860- “ 313 80,958- “ 354 69,223 265,254

- 67 18,873 63,688

3334 449)75° I )s 32)354

Tims I have finUhed my DHTertation on Portugal, and have therein omitted mentioning its Coins, Weights, and Meafures, as my Reader will find them- all explained jointly with thole of Spain and the others of Europe, which renders a Repetition of them here imneceflary and fuperfluouB.

F I N I S .