SOM E

A C C O U N T

OF sTHE

H O S P i ’

T A L

P A R I S H

i t.was in the 1mm,

MID D LESEX'

.

BY THELATE

MR. JOHN PARTON,

VE STRY C L ERK.

LONDON

PRINTED BY LUKEHANSARD AND SONS, NEAR LINCOLN’S- INN f'IELDS.

ISQQ.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THEParish of St. Giles- in- the-Fields, ofwh ich the following sheetsprofess

to give some account , possesses, as a subject of historical inquiry , Q

more thanusual c laims to the notice of the Ant iquary . The astonish ing increase in its

b uild ings and populat ion since the reign of queenEl izabeth , when nearly the

who le of it was sol itary fields ; the h igh rank and celebrity of numbers of its

parish ioners, when it came afterwards to b e inhab ited ; the pecu l iar charac ter

of its poor, and a variety of other c ircumstances, concur to produce that sort

of contrast b etween its antient and present states, wh ich it“

is p leasing to

contemp late —add to th is, the interest exc ited by its Hosp ital , (a p lace once

of much consequence, though now almost forgotten,) and whose records

furnish abundant informat ion as to the very early History of St . Giles’s and

its neighbourhood; and we shall find fewparishes more justly entitled to

distinc tion,

These considerations, added to a great love for topograph ical research,induced the late worthy vestr

‘

y c lerk of St . Gi les and B loomsbury ,‘

Mr. JalmParton, to avail h imself of every opportunity afforded himby his offic ial

situat ion, during a number of years, to co l lec tmaterials for a h istory of the

district. These in t ime b ecame considerab le, and b eing subsequent ly increased

by the col lect ions and communicat ions of friends, who had engaged in the

same pursuit , —he at length thought proper to have the who le arranged and

formed into a fair Manuscript, and finally determined to print a suitab leabridgement of it in its present form. Two- th irds of the work had been

printed off, when death robb ed it of the superintending care and ab i l it ies of

that gent leman ; fortunately the cont inuat ion of the volume being nearlyready for press, the task of

‘

proceeding in it did not require much . Thatlittle has been executed with strict attention to Mr.Pat ton’

s known wishes ona 2 the

44- 6843

iv ADVERTISEMENT.

the subject, by a literary friend, whose intimacy with Mr. Parton, and similarity of taste for such researches, not only led himto take a pecul iar interestin the work fromits commencement, but enab led himto affordmaterial aid inits progress, and conducting it to a c lose ; and the work, as nowproduced,if wanting in some advantageswh ich Mr. Pat ton

’sextensive knowledge of the

local laws and customs of the districtmight have given it,may at least be saidto be finished in the true spirit of his intention.

here brought together, havemgeneral, been obtained fromthethentic sources. In the account of St. Giles’ 5 Hospital , wh ich

precedes that of the Parish , and onwh ich indeedmuch of the early paroch ial

history .IS found ed, among otherdocumentswill be found the Grants orChartersof the Kings of England, who succeeded the royal foundress Matilda, as

patronsof , the estab lishment (the originals of wh ich are preserved at the Tower

of”

London and which bestowor confirmdifferent gifts and privileges to it,or relate to its domestic concerns and management . They commence withthe confirmatory charter of king Henry II, and are continued through the

reignsof the threeEdwards, Richard II, Henry IV, and V, as also that of

kingEdward IV, towh ich are added the confirmatory Bul l of pope Alexander,and someminor instruments. The documents immediately preceding the era

of the d issolut ion of Monasteries, and wh ich consist of the exchange to kingHenry VIII, of the hosp ital possessions thatmonarch ’

s grant of the hospital,lord Lisle, and his licence permitting the same to b e conveyed to

nd Carewe, arefromthe originals in theAugmentation office, and Lord

Treasurer’s Remembrancer’s office. The list'

of Masters andWardens the

account of the Hospital Church , and othermatters connected with it ; and the

account of the Hospital possessions in St . Giles’s, and other parishes and

places (and wh ich latter contains a vastmass of interesting information,)havebeen furnished by a MS. at the British Museum, of wh ich mention wil l bemade hereafter. In the account of the parish , - Title Deeds, all the parochial

Records, and a great variety of other writings, h ave been consulted, the

contents ofwhich have neverbefore b eenmade pub lic, and fromwh ich a seriesof Extracts, &c . have been drawn, elucidatory not only of its topography,

inhab itants and h istory , but which relate to almost every subject of parochialmanagement .

ADVERTISEMENT. v

In select ing and arranging somult ifarious amass, aswell as in the printingof it, it will easily be supposed that some errorsmay have crept in, particularlywhen the Reader is informed (which is the fact that frequent long intervals

occurred between the print ing of the sheets, and sometimes a neglect of thatrevision of them, wh ich was necessary , owing to Mr. Pat ton

’s cont inued

il lnesses during the last two years of his life but it ishoped, notwithstanding,that they will not be found, upon the - whole, more numerous than in other

works of similar research and d ifficulty . Whether in the connecting obser

v ations, or any otherparts of the work, also, some unwarrantab le conclusionsmay not b e drawn, or

'

overstrained theEditorpretends notto say, but he wi l l venture to assert, that such were not intended . For these

defects, should such exist, or any others thatmay .b e found, the Reader’sindulgence is requested ,and to whose candour thisVolume is respectful lysubmitted .

TAB LEOF CONTENTS.

SOME ACCOUNT OF ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL , Viz

IsraonucrroN.— Foundation, and Antiquiwof H osp ital, and Account of

St. Giles, the p atron Saint to whomit was ded icated — Valuable MS. relating

to, at the British Museum; D escrip tion of the D isease called Leprosy , f romvarious antient Authors, and Account of d ifferent Foundations inEnglandjerits relief — L egal D isabilities of L ep ers, d

oc .

C H AP. I .

Orig inalEndowment (f St.Giles’sH osp ital, Number (f L ep ers, Ofiicers, (Sec. to

be maintained, as contained in Matilda’s Foundation Charter and

Conjectures as to its sufiiciency .-Early D onations to, and Chronolog ical Series

Qf Roy al Charters or Grants, (Sec. f romH en . II: to Edw. IV. viz . Charter

H en. II, between 1086 and 1089, p . 6 lo 8 .—Eustace, B ishop of L ondon

’

s

Confirmation of the Church, (Sec . of Feltham, and Pop e Alexander

’sGeneral

Confirmatory B ull to, p . 9 to 1 1 .—Charter Edw. I, and first and second

Charter (f Edw. II, p . 12 to 16.— Confirmalory CharterEdw. III, second

ditto, Precep t to the M ay or of L ondon, (gr. resp ecting L ep ers ; Grant ofH osp ital to Burton St. L azar, and Inquisition as to the H osp ital Afi u

’

rs,

p . 17 to Q l .— Plead ings as to the right of Custody of H osp ital, temp . H en . IV,

reciting much historical Infbrmalion relative to, p . 2 1 to 26.— Charters of

H enry V, VI, andEdw. IV— FurtherParticulars until, and during reign ofH en . VIII, containing Titleof H osp ital to SevenH ousesin H olborn ;Exchangeof H osp italEstates to H en. VIII ; Grant of H osp ital, doc. at the dissolution

toL ord L isle, and L icencefir the latter to sell it toWymond Carewe ; Conclusionof its H istory , «Sec. p . 27 to 38 .

— PLATEQf the Seals of St. Giles’s H osp ital,

and of Burton St. L azar, p . 38 .

C H A P.

TABLEOF CONTENTS.

C H AP II.

As to the Government of Hosp ital , Names, Nature and Dutiesof itsQfiicers

Chronolog ical L ist of Masters,Wardens, Custodes, (Soc. with B iograp hical

Notices, p . 39 to 49 .—Particulars as to Value, (S

ec. of Burton St. L azar, at

d issolution, p . 49.— Further Observations, p . 50.

CH AP. 111.

Account and Conjectures as to H ospital Site and B uildings, viz . Principal

Mansion or Hosp ital- house, Gate- house, Chap terrhouse,‘

Cloisters, (Soc . p . 50

to 53.—Particulars as to H osp ital Church, and that (f

r the Parish, with

COPPER- PL ATEVIEWand illustrative PLAN of;arc. p . 54 and 55 .- Anniversary

Obitshe ld at, p . 55 and 56.—Chap lains, Chantry Priests, (S

oc. belonging“

to,

p . 57.— Account of H osp ital Gardens, p . 58 PLAN of St. Giles

’sH osp ital and

Precinct, p . 59 ; H ospital Grange atEdmonton, ib id .

C HAP. IV.

‘

HOSPITAL PossESSIONs.— Account cf the Possessions of H osp ital in

’

St. Giles’s

Parish (with aPLAN and in various otherParishes and Places in and

near L ondon ; containing the Names Qf antient L andholders, and Particulars

of theirEstates in St. Giles’s Parish, and itsN eighbourhood and in upwards

of sixtg/ otherParishesand P laces in and around theM etrop olis, p . 60 to 99 .

Chronological Table of Events relating to H osp ital, f romitsf oundation to itsdissolution, (go. 93 to 96.

ACCOUNT OF ST. GILES’S PARISH .

GENERAL VIEWOF ITS ANTIENT STATE — v iz . Origin and Name — Extentand Pop ulation, p . 97 to 99 .

- Roads and D itches, p . 99 to 101 .—Antient

L andholders, and chief Partitions of L and, p . 101 and IOQ.—Tenements and

Dwellings, p . 103.-General App earance befiire built on, p . 103 and 104.

A ltered App earance in the reign qf’

H enry VIII, p . 105 .— ~ State and App ear

ance in the reign of Elizabeth, with PL ATE, containing a View, (Soc . (f it at

that p eriod, p . 106.— Partsjirst built on, and general Account of its B uildings

bef ore to 108 .- General Remarks, 108.

— D1v i510Ns, Artificial andNatural, (Soc. p . 109 and 1 10.

C H AP.

Viii TABLEOF CONTENTS.

CHAR I.

—DIVISIONI. (Town’sEnd to

Crown Yard— D ud ley - court,1 16 and 117.

— Stidwell- street,‘

and - the‘

o

dzfi rent Courts, 43‘

c. adjoining it,

street, 599° p . to 180._DWISI

. .

9 15 II. (AldewychEast, antient State, é‘c.

of; p . 130 to 132.. , iand Places

and Great Queen p . 133wy ch, orOldwick Close, p. 134.

— H olford Family , and their Gif t of Estatehere to Poor, p . 185 and 136. —Build ings on, and Inhabitants in the reign

Qf CharlesI, and Account of Streets, go. nowstand ing on the seite of p . 137

and"138 ;— Drvr810N IV.

"

(Ficattesfeld and L and next the Bars, antient

State of; and Particularsas to, p . 139 to 144 including Accozmt Qf L incoln’s

Inn Square built on site cf Fihattesfi ld, p . 141 to 148 .—H olborn, 148 and 149 .

- 1t7hetstone Park, itsf ormer profligate character, at . 149 and 150 .—Drv r

smNV.~North side (BloomsburyWest, (3m) Account gf L and , antiently called

the “Pittaunce Crofi, and otherEstates adjoining to, p . 150 to 152 .— Streets

and Places, since built on, viz .Church street,p . 152 .-Dy ot- street, and character

i ts Inhabitants,P:153.

- Plumbtree street, (go. p . 154.—DIVISIONVI. North

side, (B loomsburyEast Origin of the Name of B loomsbury, and Account of;and of the Streets and Places built on, viz ; Great Russell - street, and noble Man

sions there B loomsbury-square and Market, Kingsgate, Southamp ton, andother Streets, Qt . p . 155 to 159 .

C HAP; III.

Antient State of the Boundaries of St. Giles’sParish, with COPPER-PLATEPlan

of; p . 160 and . Account .of the jb llowing Places, viz .Eldestrate, or Old

street, Colmanneshegg, and Estates at, p . 160 to 162 .-Westminster Fields,

M erslade, L ang emere, (gr. p. 162 to 166 — The Elms, or ElmClose now

L ong lAcreJ 166 to 169 .

- Covent Garden, 169 to 171 .— Via de Aldewy ch,

OT

TABLEOF ‘

CONTENTS. ix

orDrury- Iane, 172 to 174.

- Oldwick Close (North and East Sides, p . 175

and 176.— Fichet

’

s Field (South and East Sides, with Account of Claremarket ; Portugal- street ; the Old Friary , nowL incoln’

s Inn, Syc. p . 176 to

181 .—~ H olborn Bars, and H osp italEstatesat, p . 181 to 187.

— H olborn Cross,

p . 187.— Gray

’s Inn, and Red L ion Fields, p . 187 and 188 .

— North and

N orth - east B oundaries, <3cc. p . 188 to 190.

C HAP. III. AND IV.

*

ACCOUNT OF DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS —viz . St. Giles’s Church ; decay ed

State and D emolition of the Orig inal, or HOSPITAL CHURCH , with Architec

tural D escrip tion of it, p . 191 to 193.— SECOND CHURCH— Preparationsfir

building the late, or Second Church, including an Account of Contributors tothe B uilding, and Consecration ofip . 193 to 200 . Vestry M inutes concerning,

and D escrip tion of its Interior, Ornaments, (go. p . 200 and 20 1.— Sp oliation

of by the Puritans, containingf urther Account (y; illustrated by‘

a PL ATE, re

p resenting an exterior Viewof it, about 1719 , p . 202 to 206.— Particulars of

itsfine Painted GlassWindows, (3c. p . 207 — PP.ESENT CHURCH — N oticesas to

the building Qf ,’

Contrac twith the Architect (Mr. F litcrofl,) and Sp ecification (ftheWork,M aterials, fin . to be used in the building , éjc. p . 207 to 2 13.

—Ar

chitectural D escrip tion and PLATE, containing two Views if present Church,

p . 2 14.—Churchy ard, Resurrection, and other Gates, Account

'

of ,‘

and Inter

ments and M onuments, in the First, as

.

well as in the Old or Second Church,

p . 2 14 to 226.— Parsonage H ouse, p . 226 and 227.

— Build ingsjor Confinement, Punishment, o’cc. viz . Pound and Cage, Round H ouse, Watch H ouse,

Stocks,Whipp ing Post, and Gallows, p . 227 to 231 .- Chap els and P laces

of Worship ; as Southamp ton, B loomsbury , Queen - street, and B edford

Chap els ; and B loomsbury Church, p .

‘

231 to 233.— CharitableEstablishments,

or B uildingsfirRelief of Poor ; as, Almshouses,Workhouse and itsInfir

mary or H osp ital, Pest H ouse, Free Schools, (gm. p . 233 and 234.- Placesof

Amusement ; viz . Cockp it and Phoenix Theatre, p . 234 to 236.— Inns, and

H ouses of Entertainment, including Account of the Croche H ose, Swan- onl le

v

hop ,WhiteH art, Rose, Vine, M aidenhead, Tottenhall, (Soc.with PLATE, p . 237

to

iThis portion of theWork has been wrongly numbered Chap . lV,

” instead of Chap . III, the

account of D l stinguished Buildings hav ing been in tended to_formtwo chapters instead of one ;

Chapter III must therefore be taken to be inc luded with Chapter IV, under this head. See

EB RATA,”at the end of Volume.

x TABLEOF CONTENTS.

to 243.— Mansions of N obility and Gentry , 6c . viz . D udley , Southamp ton,Warwick and Drury H ouses, p . 244—5 .

— M ontagueH ouse, p . 245—6.— Thanet

H ouse, BrownlowH ouse, orH osp ital, andDy otH ouse, with PL ATE, containingViews Qf them, p . 246—7.

—Weld H ouse, 247 to 249 .—N ewcastleH ouse, with

a PL ATE, containing a North -west View of ,p . 249 .—Ancaster, or L indsey

H ouse, and other noble H ouses in Great Queen- street, with PL ATE, containingViews ofip . 250.

C H AP. V.

H istorical andM iscellaneousAccountof ; —viz . SirJohnOhlcastle and theL ollards,

Babing ton’sPlot, Syc. p . 252 to 256.

—B urning (j theKing’sStablesat B looms

bury , p . 256- 7 q ontague- house (1685 p . 257—8 .—Execution of L ordWilliamRussell, p . 258 — H istorical Account of the Plague, and its op eration

on thisParish at dzfierent p eriods, with curiousEntries,é‘c . concerning, p . 258

to 267.- Articles exhibited against Dr. H eywood (Rector,) in 1642 , p . 267

to 269 — Parish Concerns, containing Accounts and Extracts f romParish

B ooks, (gr. as to thef b llowing (among other) suyects, viz . Names of Places,p . 269 and 270 ; Fines, Ofiences, (Soc. p . 270 and 271 Sacrilege, Robbery ,

p . 271 and 272 ; PoliticalEvents, (Se

c. p . 272 and 273 ; Eminent Preachers,85e p . 273—4.

- Vestry , an Account of Namesof eminen t Vestrymen, D isputeswith B loomsbury Vestry , (gr. p . 274 to 279 .

- Parish Qfiicers, an Account of;

p . 280 to 285 — The Church, B urial Grounds, as. p . 285 to 290 — ExtraChap els, p . 290 and 291 .

—Perambulations, B oundaries, eg~c. p . 291 and 292 .

H ighway s,Pav ing,Cleansing, lVatching , L ighting'

of;FireEngine, (gr.p . 292 to

298 — Poor ; Account of thefirst Introduc tion of strangePoor intoParish, diff erent kinds of; (se c. p . 298 to 300 — Irish Poor Vestry Orders to prevent the

Influx, and Settlement of; in Parish Entriesof Relief to certain Classes (minthe reign of Charles I, p . 300 to 302 . Vagrants Droll Names of some of theantient ones, as preserved in the Parish B ooks, and Notices as to ; General

Character and Corrup tion of Manners among, in 1753, (Soc. p . 303 to 305 .

L egitimate Poor ; Account QfiEntriesof Relief to, and L ist and ParticularsofEstates lejtjbr their benefit, and by whom, p . 305 to 313 Entries as to

p ensioning , app renticing, f arming themout, at . p . 313—14 and AccountOfEstablishmentsjor their Relief; includ ing additional Particulars of theWorkhouse, Almshouses, Charity Schools, (Sc. p . 314 to 328.

—Manors of St. Giles

and

TABLEOF CONTENTS. x i

and B loomsbury , Account of; and of the FormationQf B loomsbury Church andParish, (Sec. p . 328 to 340.

CHA P. VI.

Names and Particulars of the princip al antient Families resident in Parish, as

p reserved in the H osp ital Records, f romthe reigns of H enry I and II,

downwards, inc luding N otices of the B lemonte, Russell, Spencer, Christemass,Sackv ille, and other-Families, p . 341 to 344.

— Account (with shortB iograp hical

M emoirs) of noble and eminent Parishioners, f romthe reign of H enry VIII,

to the end of the reign of Charles I, p . 344 to 360 ditto,f romCharles II, tothe Revolution, p . 360 to 383.

—Vestrymen, p . 383 to 386 — Account ofTradesmen and their Tokens in the reign of Charles II,with a PL ATE, p . 386

to 388 .—Noble and eminent Parishioners continued to the reign of George III,

p . 388 to 393.— Rectors, Curates, 63m. Chronological L ist, with Accounts and

M emoirs Qfif romthe reign of H enry VIII, to thepresent time, with a PL ATEof Autograp hs, p . 393 to 410 .

— L ist of Churchwardens,f rom1617 to 1761,p . 41 1 and 412 ; Ditto, of Vestry Clerks, f romtheirfirst app ointment in thereign q harles II, p . 412 and 413.

P L A TES, 8m.

THEEngraved Title tof ace the Letterpress title p age.

Seals of St . Giles’sHospital and Burton St . L azar (workedin on p .

Viewand illustrative Plan Of Hosp ital, Church and Parish (worked in onp .

Plan of Hosp ital and Prec incts (worked in on p .

Illustrat ive Plan of St . Giles’s Parish, b etween the years

1200 and 1300”f ace P' 63

View of the NorthWest Suburbs of L ondon, with St . Gilel

s’s Parish , in the

reign of Queen El izabeth p . 105

Plan of the antient State of St . Giles’sParish 160

The Old Church of St . Giles in the Fields 206

Two Views of the present Church 2 13

Inns and Houses of Entertainment 240

Views of Thanet and Dyot House, and of BrownlowHouse 246

Viewof Newcast le House 249

ViewOf AncasterHouse, and Houses in Great Queen - street 250

Tokens of Tradesmen 386

Autographs of eminent Parishioners 393

S OME A C COUNT

t. e ases capital .

INTR OD UCTION .

THEHospital of SAINTGILES arose fromthe p iousmunificence of Mat ilda,or Maud, as She is termed by some h istorians, daughter of Malcolm,

king of Scotland , and queen to king Henry the first ; Who in the words of

L eland, in the year of ourL ord 1 101 , founded, ov eragainst the west suburb

of L ondon, a house for themaintenance of lepers, with an oratory and Oflices,

call ed The Hosp ital of St . Giles.”

Matildis uxor Henric i primi versusoccidentalemplagamLondoniarumunamDO

mumad Leprosorumsustentationemcumora

t orio et officinis aediflcavit e t v ocatur Hos

p itale S.Egidrj.

” —Le landSt . Gd“, who, ST . GILES, the patron of this“ 4w’m‘he hospital and o f numerouschurches

b o th in England and abroad, according to the b est ac counts,wasanAthenianby birth,and of nob le, if not royal , extrac tion,and flourished at the end of the seventh and

b eginning of the eigh th c enturies. Butler, inhis L ives of the Saints, charges the b iogra

phers o f Saint Giles with c onfounding himwith the b ishop o f Arles, of the same name,who l ived at ano therperiod . Ex traordinaryp iety and a love o f so l itude, are said to haveinduced h imto quit hisown coun try and retireto France, where, near the mouth o f the

Rhone, he formed an hermitage . He after

wards retreated near the riverGard, and lastlyimmured h imse l f in a deep forest in the

d iocese of Nismes,Where he passed many

years as a rec luse. The story of Hg, tamehis being nourished, wh ile in this M 'd ‘

retirement, with themilk of a tame hind, has

afforded a favouri te subjec t forpainters. Thisanimal, the hunters one day pursued to the

hermi t’s cel l, and attemp ted to kil l,but the

arrow wounded the Saint, to whomit hadflown for protec tion, who nevertheless con

tinued his prayers, and refused any indemnification for the inj ury he had sustained .

After this adventure, St.Giles got into highfavourwi th the French king, but would

'

not

forsake his sol itude. Many mirac les are, asusual, ascribed to himby themonkish writers,which, if amatterof doub t wi th the enlightened part ofmankind, at least serve to provehis high reputation forsanc tity , and accountfor his subsequent fame. He is said, towardsthe c lose o f his l i fe, to have admit ted severald isc iples, and to have settled exce l lent d isc ip line in themonastery Of wh ich he was thefounder, andwhich in succeeding agesb ecamea flourish ing abbey of the Benedic tine order

,

though

Descriptionof the Site,& c . of The

Hospital,Harl S l

INTRODUCTION.

The description of the site— the numb er of lepers, and regulationsfor their

management , the lists ofmasters, and possessions, and otherpart iculars of th is

I.

O0

b.

otherprinted authorities, amost interestingmass of information We shal l

arrange the selectionsmade fromit (as best tending to eluc idate the fo l lowingaccount)under different heads

- in the mean t ime giving, by way of intro

duct ion, a few conc ise notices of the leprosy itself, the princ ipal establishmentsinEngland for its relief, the legal disab ilities of lepers, and such otherpart i

culars, asmay properly precede the h istory of such a foundat ion.

LEPROSY; FOUNDATIONS IN ENGLAND FOR ITS RELIEF ; LEGALDISABILITIES OF LEPERS ; &c.

THIS disorderis firstmentioned in the Scriptures, in the book of L eviticus ;where the symptoms of leprosy , and the management of p laces and persons

infectedwith it, areminutely described . Of the countrywhence it originated,Op inions are various, butmost concur in b elieving it to have b een an African

d isease, and brought fromEgypt by the Israelites, forwhomMoses was commanded tomake the ordinances just alluded to . It was early known inEurope,b eing called by the GreeksElep hantz

'

asz’

s, for that these lepers skins,”says

Burton in hisLeicestershire, are like the elephants, rough ,with b lackwannishspots, and dry parched scales and scurf

'

, and is described by Nicho las Piso, to

b e an infectious and frett ing humour of the whole body ; caused, either by a

melancholy humour, mixed with a b loodymass, and brought to the skin and

outward parts, or some hereditary disease fromparents, ill diet, &C . And

the same author supposes it to have been brough t toEngland by the Romans,first in the t ime of Pompey the Great, sixty yearsbefore Christ, and afterwards

underHeraclius, theEmperor, anno 606.

Carew(Survey of Cornwal l)ment ions the leprosy asa d isordervery frequentin that county at the t ime hewrote (reign of James I,)and that itwasoccasionedmost by the d isorderly eating of sea- fish newly taken, and princ ipally the livers

of

though it has long since been converted into memorated in the martyrologies of Bede,

Churches dedi- a c ol legiate church of canons. A Ado , and o thers, and has various churchescated to him considerab le town was b uil t about dedicated to himin France, Poland, St e. as

it, cal led “St .Giles’

s, which was famous in wel l asEngland .

thewarsof theAlb igenses. ThisSaint is com Harl . MSS. N°

40 15.

INTRODUCTION.

of them, not well prepared, soused, pickled or condited ; and sets down threeSp ital houseS

'

there, endowedwith lands forthe bettermaintenance of them.

About the time of theNorman conquest, this disease had become so prevalentinEngland, that it

'was found necessary to build hospitals.forpreventing lepersfrommixingwith society .

1 Hugh'

de Orivalle, b ishop of_~London in , 1075, was

violently afflicted with leprosy,'

Of wh ich he could nev er.be . cured . Aud itsincreasing virulence in 1 179, occasioned the Counc il of Lateran to decree, thatleprous people for the future, instead of being gathered t ogetherin community,shou ld b e permitted to have a church; church -

yard, and priest .of the1r own,saving to parish churches their rights, and that lazar houses should n ot b e

compe lled to pay ty thes for the increase of their own proper

Numerous hosp ita ls, in consequence, arose about the same ,time, orbefore.

Of these, St. Giles’sH osp ital; L ondon, was the earliest, ifwe except that of

'

St . James, wh ich Stowe says was founded b efore rthe conquest. ' St. Lazarus

of Burton, orthe Hosp ital of Burton St . L azar, as it wasmore general ly called,was the next . Th is hospital ,

'

(wh ich stood in Le icestershire, upon the summitof a h i l l near the townof Burton,)is supposed to have b een built by ageneral

coll ection made throughoutEngland , and having b een afterwards intimatelyconnected with St . Giles’s, will demand a fewwords to be said of it . Roger de

Mowbray ,who lived l

in the reign of king Stephen, 1 135 - 1 154,wasa considerab le

b enefactorto it, and to the Hosp ital of St . L azarus at Jerusalem, fromwh ich thenamewastaken . Its riches, subsequently , became so great , that all the inferiorlazar-housesinEngland ,were in somemeasure subject to itsmaster, ashe h imselfwas to themaster of the lazars at Jerusalem It consisted of amaster, andeight sound, aswell as several poor leprous brethren, who professed the order

of St . Augustine, and in their common seal gave the p icture of that saint, withtwo escutcheons, one of Mowbray , the other a red cross in a wh ite field (t ).To th is hospital b elonged as dependant cel ls, an hosp ital at Careton ;WyndhamChape l in Norfolk, otherwise cal ledWestwade Chapel ; the Hosp ital of theHoly InnocentsnearL inco ln, annexed to Burton in 1456 ; St .Giles

’sHospital,

London, St e.

Nichols, Leicestersh ire, v . il . p . 2 72 .

This fac t, though asserted also by o ther

writers, seems doub tful : By p leadings b eforethe king

’

sjustices, in the reign of Henry IV,

(forwhic h see under that reign,) the mastero f Burton St . Lazar, in answer to an oh

jec tion, —that he had no right of his own

L epers,

to the custody of St. Giles’

s Hospital, beingh imsel f subjec t to the hospital at Jerusalem,

- denies all dependance on that house, no t

wi thstanding his stile of Magr. Hosp’

Bur

ton Sci’

Lazari de Jerlm’

in Anglia.

”

See the representation of thissea] , nearthe end of the next chapter.

B 2

INTRODUCT ION.

L epers, in ancient t imes, according to old lawwriters,were subject to variousdisab il ities ; part icularly fromsuing any action, real or personal ; as first, for

that he was a leper, and by the writ de leproso amovendo,” was propter

contagionemmorb i predicti, as the writ saith , et propter corporis deformitatem,” to be removed fromthe soc iety of men to some solitary p lace ; ;andtherefore, asBraeton saith , (

5) talis plac itare non potest ;‘

nec haereditater'

n

petere.

” And herewith agreed John Breton, (6

) and also Fleta, (7) say ingcompetit etiamsit except io propter leprammanifestamut Si petens leprosus

fuerit et tamdeformis quod a communione gent iummerito'

deb et separat i, tal isenimmorbus petentemrepellit ab agendo which was grounded upon God

’

s

lawin L evit icus beforement ioned .

Th isdisorder, once so formidab le, iswell ascertained bymodern practitioners,to have b een only amore inveterate stage of scurvy ; as is also a spec ies of

leprosy , cal led the Arab ian orEastern leprosy , in contrad ist inct ion to that ofthe Greeks and Europe. Its effects are to render the limbs swol len and

tuberous; the skin b loated, rough and wrinkled ; the callous part of the feet,

and othermembers, ulcerated and varicated . Goodmedicalmanagement, anda c leanliermode of living, have almost extingu ished thismalady at present .

(3

) Lib ~ V f01 441 (7

) Lib . vi . cap. 39.

Vol. 39 and 88, treating of disab ledmen .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

S T. GILES’S HOSPITAL .

Whateverwas the insuffic iency of the original revenue however, but a short

t ime e lapsed b efore the hosp ital became enriched by addit ional donat ions. The

princ ipal of these (and wh ich were given so early as b etween the reigns of

Henry I, and Henry _II,) consisted of c ertain alms, or pensions, issuing frompremises in Isleworth (Istleworde,) in Middlesex, given by Bernardo deWalerico ; land in Ho lborn, near the bar, on which the hosp ital afterwards builtseven houses, the gift of Richard Young, a canon of St . Paul’s cathedral ; fouracres of land, purchased ofWi lliamde Alb ini, surnamed Pincerna, or cup

b earer, and two other acres of land, ly ing in St . Giles’S parish , ten shill ings

rent , issuing frompremises in the parish of St .Clement Danes, given by Peter,the son of Meilane ; land and tenementsin L ondon, given by Robert , the son

of Ralph ; and the rec tory and church of Feltham, in Middlesex, with theadvowson and right of patronage to the Vicarage and land ly ing inthe

'

samevillage, given by Hawise, countess de Rumare.

To these were added, by Henry II, whose l iberal ity to this charity properlyranks himas a second founder, the following gifts and privileges, as spec ified

in hischarter; v iz .

Henry , 850 . Be it known, that for the love of God, and for the souls of kingHenry my grandfather, queen Mat ilda my grandmother, &c . I do grant ,and by thismy present charter confirmunto God and the Hosp ital of St .

Giles without London, where John of goodmemory was late chap lain, and to

the infirmlepers there, the site on wh ich the same hospital is built, togetherwith sixty Sh il l ings rent , wh ich the said queen assigned to the same infirmat

the t ime said hosp ital was founded , for food , issuing out of the queen ’swharf,

Called, Aldereshethe : and I do furthergrant to the said hosp ital, sixty shillings,to be paid out ofmy exchequeryearly , on the feast of St .Michael , forprovidingthe same leperswith c lothes ; asalso th irty sh il l ingsand fiv e-

pence, of my rentsin Surrey , in perpetual alms, to buy themlights ; also, I do grant and confirm

a ll

(2

) This gi ft was confirmed by Eustace,b ishop of London

, about anno 1 2 2 1 , in the.

F

fo l lowing words : Eustace, DeiGraLondon

Epfis omb’

z sce Matris Ec c l ’ie filiis Sal tmin Dno ad Univ ersatis v re notic iamp sent iscrip to vo lumas de venire cartamnob il isfemine Hadewisie q uandamComitisse de

Rumare nob is p'sentatemfuisse ex ans testimonie eand

’m c ommitisamInfirmis sanc t iEgidijextra London in puramet perpetuam

elemosinamp’

aia’

sua qz salute ecclesiamde(Fel tham) cfi univ ersis p

’

tris suis ad pr dci

exhibiconeminformis contulisse manifestep

’

hendimsUnde nosp'fate comitisse donacio

nemcapie desideriumv oluntates attendentes

eand’m fac tut am approbantes donaco

’

emipamut dccuit ratamhabuims

et ut ead’m

noiatis Infirmis p’

petus invio lata p’mahet

eamp 'sentes pagine conscrip’

c 0ne et sigil l in

’

riab i’

padependentis, Ste.Harl .MSS.40 15.

HENRY THESECOND ’ S CHARTER.

all reasonab le gifts and exemptions on record which haveh eretofore beenmadeto them, to wit : (here are part icularized the before-mentioned gifts -of ' the

church of Feltham,) 8cc . (3)

Th is charter iswithout date‘

but fromthe c ircumstance ofWilliamdeMan

deville, earl of Essex, b eing one of the witnesses to“

it, ~ it must have ' been

granted some t ime between the years 1166 and 1 189, because thisWilliamsuc

ceeded his fatherGeofi'

ery deMaridevill e in 1166, and the sameWilliamdied in1 189,wh ich last date is also the yearinwh ich king Henry II died, viz .

01 189.

The reigns of Richard, and John, appear to furnish no e vents in which the

hosp ital was part icularly concerned; except' in the artic le of property ;

'

no

(3

) Carta regisHenric i Secundi Donato

rum. ConcessionesRecitanset Confirmans.

p a“ ,Henricus Dei Gratiaa Rex

Hu m" 96, Angl iae 8L Dux Norm’

8L Aquit’

p crInspenmus,Pat . 1 . 8L Comes Andeg

’

Arch 1ep 1scopisRic ' ”a’ Ep

’isAbbatibz Comitib z Baron’

p art 3. n . 17 .

Just1c’ Vl cecomi tl bz M1n1str1s 8L

omibz fidelibz suisFranc isSt AnglisSalutemSciatisme pro amore Dei e t pro animab zregisHenric i avimeiet Matildisregine avisemea et pro salutemei8L antecessorumet suc

c essorummccrum concessisse et present ic arta mea confirmasse Deo e t Hospitale S.

Egidijex tra London ub iJohannes b onmmemoriae fuit capellanus 8i In firmis Leprosisib idemdegentibus locumipsumin quo fundatumest ib idemHospitale cumLx solidis

Pat. and! redditusquospredic tareginaeidemfifi

'

giiin. 1 7 .

Hospitaliassignavit ad vic tumInIn Turf . Lon firmorumquando fundav it idemdo" “86m" Hospitale hab endos annuatimdeRipa Reginae quee appellaturAldershethe 8c

c umLx solidisquosEgo concessi eidemHos

p ital i hab endos singulis annis ad FestumS.

Michae l is de scaccariomeo ad emenda vesti1nenta Leprosis ejusdemHospitalis Et cumxxx solidis e t v den’

de redditameo de Surreia in perpetuamelemosynamad emenda sib il uminaria Pre terea concedo eis et c onfirmoomnes sub seriptas donationes et

’

emp tionesquee rationab ilitereis fac tae sun t et cat

‘

tis donatorumet sib i v endentiamconfirmatae , sc iliCit, ex dono Hawisia de Rumare ecclesiam

" further

de Fel thamet terramquamhabent in ead’m

villa : Et omnemelemosinamquamhab ent inhundredo de Istleworde de donationeBernardideWalerico, et terram de la Barre quamtenent de Ricardo Juniore canonico sanc ti

Paul i ecc lesiae Londoni sicat cartae eorumtestantur: Et quartuoracras terraaquas ipsiemerunt deWilhelmoPincerna Et duasacrasquas emerunt de Gaufrido filio Fredesendi

Et x solidis redditus quos hab ent in parochiaS .Clementisecc lesiae Dacorumde donationePetrifilijMeilene sieut in scrip tis corumcon

tinetur: Et totumterramquamhabent inLondon de dono Roberti filij Radulphi cumomnibus alijs tenementis suis rationabiliter

sibi concessis quae in predic ta c ivitate habent .Q uare v olo 8L firmit p

’

cipio q’

d p’fat

’

umHos

p itale St Lep’

si ib idemdegentes om’ia sua

p’

nominata tenementa que eis rationab ilit’

concessa sunt aut impostamc oncedentis p'

h’

eant et teneant b ene 85 in pace l ib’

e Sc

quiete p lenarie e t integre 8L honorifice in

b osco 8L p lano imp’

tis 8L pasturis in aquis 8L

molendinis in v ijs 8L semitis 8L in om’

ib z aliis

loc is relz ad ea p'tiuentibz et om’ia d ’

nica'

te

nementa sua sunt l ib ’

a 8L quieta ab om’

ib z

Ecc l ’ 8L Danegeld Scutag’

Regnard’Essart 8L

opa’

coe Pontii'

i Castallorq’

Percoq’ v ivarisq’

8cc lausurisHydagiis assissis8L summonicoibz86 auxiliis 8c p

’litis v icetor8L s

’

vientu suorq’

8c communi assissa 8c misc ’dia comitat t'r8L

om’

ibz oc casionib z 8L consuetudinibz 8t deom’

i;

treno s’

vicio 8L seculare exa’

ccone cumSacha.8c

ST. G ILES’S HOSPI TAL .

further donat ionsweremade by e ither of those princes ; but fromthe benevoélence of private persons it wasmuch benefited . Th is appears by the b ook of

grants of the hosp ital estates, whose entries commence an. reg . Ric. I. primo,”

(a fewonly“

of themb eing of an earl ier date,) and contain numerousgift s ofland and houses, rent - charges, 8t c .made about that t ime ; most of themly ingin the c ity of L ondon, and surroun ding parishes. (

f )The reign of Henry IIIwas equally propit ious with the above in adding to

the hospital revenue, but is nearly as barren in informat ion respect ing itsotherconcerns ; no charters orgrants of thatmonarch to it b eing in existence. Frompope Alexander IV,however, the hospital received a c onfirmation of its estates

and privileges, in the fol lowing bull, bywh ich itwasalso taken underthe special

protect ion of the Roman see. (5)

8c Socha 8L Tho l 8c Theam8L Infanguine

theof 8LWardpeni 8LAv erpeni8L c umom’

ibz

aliislib tatibz 8L lib ’

ris consuetudinibz exceptomurdro 8L latrocino . In Testimonium, 8t c .

T . c aano ,

G .EL 1ENsr,J . NORWICEN SI, Episcopis,C0M 1 'rEW1 L L DEMANDEe LE

RAN DEGL ANVIL L A, (8tc .)apudWestm.

(4) See Chap . IV. Account of theHosp.

Possessions, under the fo llowing parishes ;Sci

’ Egidij et campis deWestmonast‘, Sci’Pan

’

cracij. Sci’

Andrea Holeburn, Sci’

Cle

menti Dacor’

, 8m.(5

)Alex' Epfis svr’

is sv’

or Dei Dilgs fil’

L ep’

sas Sc i’ Egidij ex

‘ London communev itamp ’

fssis impp’mEffec tuminfra postulan

tibus indulgere 8L vigorequitatis e t ordo postulat ’ rv ’

ris p'fec tu cu

’

po tencij v oluntatemet

Lamoriginal, pietasadmuat 8t non reliquit cappt

Hart. MSS. Dil’

ci inDn’

aFilijvr’is iustis pos

4015‘

tula coib’

z q“to concurren t assensu

8L locu’in quo fundatumest vr

’mHospital t'

i

sub Bi Petri 8L nr’

a p'tecc ione suscipimus

85 p'seutes scr

’

pti p'viligio commuuims

sta

tuentesut quascuq possessionesque cu’que

b ona idemHospitale in p'senciar

’ inst 8Lcanonica possidet aut in fatui’ concessionePontificiumlargic

’

oe Regumv el Princ ipiaob lac6e Fidel ia’

seu aliis iustismodis Deo

<p’

c io posit adipisci firma nob’

v’ris q z suc

c’

oribz 8L i l l i v ita p’maneant In quibz hec

prius duxim‘exprimendo v ocab lis loc u

’

ipsumin q uo fundatumest ip

’mHospitale cu'

Gardinis e t oc tis acris que adjacent eid’

Hos

p itale exp’

te austral i 8L exp’

te Aquilonar’

Et p’

tca sexagiuta sol’

reddit quos ReginaMatilda bonze memorize assignav it eidemHospitale annuatimde Ripa Regime quandofundav it ide

’

Hospitale ad v ic tu’

Infirmor’Et Lx‘ quos Hent

’

illust’

us Rex Angl’

con

cessit eidemHospitale de Scc‘io suo in Festo

Sci Michis ad emenda sib i vestimenta sin

gul is annisEt xxx sol’

v oh’ quos de redditfi

suo de Surreiae ad emenda orbi L uminariain ppe tuamelemosina’

dedit Et cuidamtr’

e

qua Rog'

us fil’

Hub’

ticus dedi t Et ec’

c liamde Fel thamet tr

’

amqua’

hent in cad amv i l lade donaco

’

e Comitis Baldewine de Redmeroet Comitissee Hawysie . Et c uidamtr

’

e cumb osco q ue

’

hen t in Hestona de donac’

oe Rde

Sc6 Valenco Et tr’

a de pd’

co q ua’hent de

dona’

c oe p t loris RiEi L ondon EpiEt tr’

amque emerunt de Mat ilde de Stokes8Lheredibzsuis quamtenent de R181 Juniore canonic i

London

POPEALEXANDER ’ S BUL L .

Confirmatory Bull of Pop e Alexander IV.

Alexander, b ishop , servant of the servants of God. To his beloved

ch i ldren the L epers of the Hosp ital of St . Gileswithout L ondon, professinga l ife of rel igious community . It having been requested of us, to the effect

hereunder, that you may be strengthened andmore firmly estab l ished agree

ab ly to law, and exempted fromfuture int errupt ion and inconven ience ; we,b eloved ch ildren , wish ing the accomplishment of such your earnest pet ition,wil l ingly and p iously mad e, and as far as possib le concurring with and

assenting thereto ; do, by th is our present bul l , take you as desired, under

the Spec ial protect ion of us and the b lessed St . Peter. And we do further

order and ordain, that all possessions and goodswhatsoever, and of what

kind or quality soever, now lawful ly belonging to your house, orwhichmayb elong to the same, either by grant of the Roman Pont iffs, gift of kings orprinces, ob lat ions of the faithful, orwh ich by any other just means propitiatory to God, your said house may ob tain, be firmly assured to you, both

during your own l ives and the l ives of your successors. Among wh ich gifts,we, in the first p lace; wish more part icularly to inc lude the fo llowing byname, that is to say ; THEPLACE in wh ich the same hospital is founded, withthe GARDENS attached to the same ; and EIGHT ACRES of land which adjoin thesaid hosp ital on the south and on the north ; andmoreover sixty sh ill ings

rent,

LondonEcche sicut carte c or'

testantur. Et laris vé psona non et indebitis vos exacc6ib3quartuoracras tr

’

e quas ip’

iemerunt deWil lomil i te Et q uartuoracras tr’e quas emerunt deG

’

aufro fil’Fredessan t Et una acramqua

emerunt de Bumgaro le Stepne tameidemHospitale adjacentes, sicut in scrip tis cor

’

de

quib ; emerunt eas distinguntt Et ten

’

q’

d

b ent in London de donac’

oe Roh t’i fil’ Rad ’ i

c umomnib ; aliis suis ten’

que’

hent jn p‘dca

c ivitate. Cfi ante g’

enale Int ’dcmtre’fuit

liceat v oh’c lausis jaiusis exclusis excoetatis

Et Int’ deit; non pulsatis campanis supp s’

sa

voce Divina officia c elebrare sane non’

almv r

’

orquei

priusmanibg aut sumptib; colicessine demementis aia

’

lmv r’

ot nul lus a v oh’

dec imas p'sumat exige adicim’

quorq’

gp

'fsenti p

'viligio p

'hibem' ne aliquis archifé

pusEpfis v el alus q’

hbet ec c lesiastica secu

v el qmu‘nunib; audeat mo lestare B edim'

ergo ut 5111 o’

ro hofrii liceat p'fatumHos

pitale t imere p'turbare aut eiis possessionesauserre v el ab latusret ine numere seu aliquib;v exacoib; fatigare se omica integra concer

nentes eor’

p’

quorgub uac’

oe 8L sustentac’

oe

concessa sunt v sib ; onamedie p futura valua

Sedis Apliéa auc te Romans Canoica (Romane Curie)j usticia sup

“ ia Q . infutur’

ecc lesiastica secularis vé p

'sona hanc ni‘e c onsti

tu’

cois pagina sc iens cont' de temere veniretemptavit sédo tr

’io ne c onioita sinon sat’

fac

co’

e c ongrua amendav it potestatis honoiusqd sui dignitate careat recunq3 sa DivinoJudicio existedap enetrainiquitate cognoscat

8L a sacratissimus, 8m. Amen.

10 ST. G ILES ’S HO SPITAL .

rent, which queen‘

Mat i lda, of p ious memory, granted y early to the samehospital , arising fromthe QUEEN’

SWHARF, to buy food for the infirmat the

t ime she founded the same hospital and also Six ty sh i l l ings, wh ich themosti l lustrious Henry , king of England, granted out of his exchequer to the sameHosp ital on the feast of St . Michael in each year, to supply their apparel , and

th irty shil lings and fiv e-

pence of his rents in Surrey to buy lights, which he

gave in perpetual alms and also certain land that Roger, the son of Hubert,

gave ; and the church of Feltham, and land wh ich they have in the samevi l lage, of the gift of earl

.

Baldwin de Redmero and the countess Hawise

and certain land and woods which they have in Heston, of the gift of

R . de'

Saint Valence and land in the same (Heston) wh ich they have origi

nally of the gift of Richard b ishop of L ondon also land wh ich they bought

of Mat ilda de Stokes and her heirs, and which is held of Richard Young,canon of the church of L ondon (St . Paul

’

s)as their charterswitness together

with four acres of land wh ich they bought of SirWil l iam, Knight (Pinaera);and four acres of landwhich they bought of Geoffery , the son of Fredessant

and one acre wh ich they bought of Brungaro le Stepne, and ly ing near to the

same hosp ital, as also set forth in their writings ; and the tenementswh ichthey have in L ondon of the gift of Rob ert , the son of Ralph , with all other

their tenements which they have in the same c ity . And whereas heretofore

the'

general interd ict on the country precluded al l offerings, forbade the to l l ingof the bel l , and compelled the divine oflices to b e celebrated in silence, fromwh ich offerings, &0 . before t ime, the charges of keeping the festivals, and

other necessary expenc'

es were wont to b e‘

defrayed . And it being also

forb idden to commemorate, with the accustomed rites, the sou ls of the

deceased, on wh ich account no tythes could b e lawfu l ly demanded, Be itknown by th is present authority , that all such disab i l it ies shal l fromhenceforthcease and we do hereby strictly prohib it all archb ishops, b ishops, and other

ecc lesiasticswhatsoever, aswell as all secular persons, frommo lest ing the said

hosp ital on account thereof, or fromany way harassing or disturb ing the same,ormaking any undue levies or exac tionsupon the infirmtherein . And we do

grant themmthe beforementioned and al l other cases ourprotec tion, and do

order that none,b e al lowed rash ly to meddle with the said hosp ital , or dare

to take'

away or detain any of their possessions, or in any othermanner toinjure or vex them, or to interfere with their government, orwith any giftsmade towards theirsupport and the defiaying of theirnecessary expences,

‘

on

pain

POPEALEXANDER ’ S BUL L .

pain of incurring the h ighest disp leasure of the apostol ic and holy Roman See.

And we do denounce al l persons, ecc lesiast ical or secular, who in t ime to

come shall presume, witt ingly and knowingly , to contemn or act contrary to

this our ordinance, withoutmaking or agreeing to make reparation to the

utmost of their power, whatevermay be their rank or d ignity ; and those

possessing authority who shal l refuse to hearand redress theirgrievances, and

shall thus commit sin against themost holy body and blood of God our L ord

and Saviour Jesus Christ, let themnot be heard in l ike manner in the last

d ivine judgment but to all who shal l respec t their rights be peace in our

L ord Jesus Christ, andmay they , for such theirgood deeds, ob tainmercy inthe said judgment and a final reward . Amen.

”

D uring the interval succeeding, fromthe date of th is bu l l , until about the

year1800, no particulars of importance are to be found in the hospital h istory .

Many donations, however, appearto have beenmade to it between those datesfromwh ich , and the various othergrants and transfers of property made by thehosp ital to ind ividual s, as entered among its records,many h ints relative to itsconcernsmay be gathered . Edward I granted themtwo charters, wh ich also

further informus of its affairs. The first is dated in the 28th of his reign,and is a precept addressed to themayorand sheriffs of London, commandingthemto assist themasterand brethren in recovering certain arrears of rent due

to themfromtheir estates in the c ity . For, exclusively of holding property inseveral of the parishes in the environs, the hosp ital at this t ime possessed lands,houses, tenements orrent - chargesin all the principal parishes in town, which ,though forthemost p art individually trifling,were in the aggregate considerab le.

The nonpayment of the proceeds fromthese, part icularly in the c ity , is statedin the precept to

‘

have occasioned Such' d istress; that the most importantcurtai lments in the estab lishmentmust of necessity bemade if the arrearswerenot immed iately paid, even to rendering the alms, 850 . given by the king and

his progenitors of no avai l. The smallness of the original endowment, thealterat ion of the t imes, and other causes easily to be imagined, no doub t

contributedFromthe h istorical c ircumstance of of

‘

Henry III being contemporary . Thethe interdict noticed in the above bul l, its concerns of the hospi tal are by th ismeansDate (f this date though no tmentionedmay , continued to a period when its history isW“ l ike the charterof Henry l l , be resumed by o ther documents, the intervalpretty nearly ascertained ; that event havinghappened in the reign of John, and the

pontificate of Alexander IV and the reign

be tween the time o f Henry II to Edward I(when the royal charters again commence)being o therwise a b lank. Vide ut sup .

c 2

1 1

12 ST. G ILES’S HO SPITAL .

contributed to render the hosp ital revenue at th is t ime insufficient for itssupport , without these augmentat ions being regularly paid . The fo l lowing 18

the precept

Edward, by the grace of God, king of England, and lord of Ireland and

Aquitaine, to his beloved themayor and sheriffs of L ondon, greet ing — It has

b een requested of us, by ourb eloved in Christ , the master of the hospital ofST. GILES without L ondon, in exerc ise of ourpatronage, and on acc ount of the

alms of ourprogenitors, late kings of England, foundersasit is said of the sameThat forasmuch as certain rents, &c . are owing to the same hospital in our

c ity of L ondon, to wh ich the said masterhas just c laim, (and wh ich said rentsif not paid willmake of no avail the alms and otherp iousworks of ourprogeJ

nitors, which have been accustomed heretofore to b emade and done for their

own souls and our healthful estate,)— we should interfere in the same. Wetherefore, acced ing to such their pet it ion, and unwil ling that the alms and

other l ike p ious deeds so established for the soul s of our progenitors should

perish , do firmly command, that in considerat ion of the premises, you beassist ing to the saidmaster, &c . where need may require, in such manner,that all rentsduly proved to be owing to the said hosp ital,may , by d istress andother legal means, on request of the said master, &c . b e put into away to

be recovered , and they b e enab led to enjoy as heretofore the alms and other

pious offerings b elonging thereto .

”l n witness, Ste . (

7)Howfar this precept was effectual to itspurpose doesno t appear. It should

seem, judging fromafterc ircumstances, that it did not benefit the charitymuch,as the second charter of the same king informs us, that its concerns had

continued

(7

)Edwardus DeiGia rex Angl’

St Do inhe’

re v olumus nos nolentes elemosy nas seuminus Hib nie SEAquit ’ Dilcus sib i maiori al ia bujnsmodi Opt? 4) animabz p 'dcor p

'

ge

et vice comitibg London Sal t’m nitor

’nr6r pie stab i l ita aliqualit

’

depire v ob’

Latm ml.Har. M suppl icavit

’

nob’

Dl lCl l S nob l l‘

l p'crpimus firmit unnmgentes q d sms in

M ‘ Xp6 Magi’HospitalisSEiEgidij auxil

’mp'fatomagris ibi ipe non snflicit ad

extraLondon quod de nia patronacii excicit 8cde e lemosinasp'geintorniorquondamregumAngl

’

fundat’

ut dicitur quod c umaliqui

redditus eidemHospitali in c ivitate ni’

a

London debeantr idemq, mag’

r ad tenand’

p'd

’

cos redditus seu ad elemosinas et al iap ietas opaque p

’

aiab ; p'

genitor’nr6r p

'dca

8c. salubri statii nio face debnit 8L consuev it

fac iend ’

nisi redditus il l i ei solvantur non

suffieiunt soluco’

emeordemredditfi sib i fieri

oines redditus quod r’onabilit

‘ doc ere po tit

eidemHospitale debere v t p’dcumest 9 dis

criecoes SE al ias vias legit imas Tenand’

quociens et quando opus fuit 86 p p'futum

magrrTi sup’

hoc fim’

tis requisi t i Ita quodelemosinas 8L al ia pietatis opa ib idemfa

’

ce

possit v t tene t' T. me ipo apud . Westm’

xv iij die DecemberAnno Rr1 1 1 . v icessimooc tavo p con

’.

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14 ST. G ILES ’S HOSPI TA L .

worksof pietywhatsoeverbe appl ied and reserved to the use of the same house.And we further will , that none other what soever, save the said Geoffery

d e Birston, intermeddle with the same house, or the lands, 850 . of same, socommitted by us to the care of the said Geoffery , &c .

”InWitness. (3)

Edward II, by charterhearing date the second year of his reign, granted the

hospital permission, (in consequence of an inquisit ion taken by the sheriffs of

Middlesex, by Whomit was cert ified that the same would be no annoyance,)that they , a certain way in the village of Feltham, wh ich extended fromthe

said vi l lage by themiddle court of the saidmasterand brethren, unto the spring,

in the same village,— might stop up, and b e enab led to hold to themand their

successors such way so stopped up for ever and that the same should thence

forth b e solely possessed by and appropriated to theiruse, togetherwith a c ertain

otherway wh ich they wished to enlarge and rendermore convenient, leadingto the said spring, without any imped iment of the king or his officers such

twoways to remain to said hospital for ever,”St e. (

9)

Edwardus Dei Gi‘a Rex . Angl’

St e .

Omibg ad quos p'

sentes Lie fi'v enr

’

nt SalimLatin original,

sciatisquod cumdomus seiEgidijHar MSS juxta London que de p

'

genitor’

No. 9

nror quondamregumAngl 8cnris elemosinas fundat i'i esse d

’moseit ’ pvarias dissentiones e t debatas q ue in t

’ quosdamfres ej usdemdomus ante hec temporesuborte fuerunt et adhuc existavit

’

tammiserabilis delapidac ’

oe 86 deprivare quodb ona i l l ins ad d ’

v isa pietatis opa De quib;e idemdomus on’

atemarch tenenda non sufficiuiv it hiis diebus Et maiores delapidaco

’

es

8L de p'vsiones domia p’dei ex- versimilihg

connec turis p'text i

'

i dissentionfi e t debatar

huiusmodi nisi sup hoe remedifi p nos c uiusapponat

'ev enire formidiant' Nos stataejus

demdomus compac ie’

ntes 8L ipias relevac’

on

ph t ad nos at tinet p’mdere v olentes domu

illamcumtris ten’

rebg redditib; 8L possessionibg suis quib usc uncq, sustepimus in

p’

tecco’

em8L defensionemniamspalemSEedemc umeidemtris ten’

reb ; redditibug. e t

possessionibg suis dilco ’

nob’

in Kpo Ff

Galfro de Birston confri domus p'dce commi tt imus diend

’

Ita qd omés'

excitus

The

redditus et p’ventus tras et possessionupdcer

relevacoidomus p"

dce ac sustentacei e lemosinas' et al ias pie tatis opfimde quibz domusi lla v t p

'mit tit’ on’

uc’

e applicentr8L reser

vant ’ Nolentes qd aliquis aliis quipdcusGalfridus de Domfi p

~

dca ant de tris ten’

reb; redditib; seu possessionib; ejusdein se

intromit tat ’ q uidffi domuillaminmani'

i ipius

Galfii’

ex commissione nia contigit ’ remanere .

In cuius, St e . Dat'

apudWestm’

viijdieMaijAnno R. 1 1 1 . Tricessimo primo .

(9

) Edwardus Dei Gia rex Angl’

St e .

omnibg ad q uos p"

sentes Lrap’

v n’

runt Salt in’

Q ui a'

c cepimus p Inquisico’

emquamp vic ec omite nimmidd ’

fieri fecimus quod non est

ad dampnfi v el nocumenti‘r nimant alioi si

conc edamus dilcis nob’

in c'

) magio et

fab ; Hospitalis seiEgidijexa BarramVet ’isTemp l i London qd ip

’

iquamdav iamin Vil lade Fel thamq ue se extendit a vil la p

’dca pmidih curie p'dcormagro

’

e t fratri'

i ibidemusq} ad Fon temej usdemville obstruor

’

e t

earn obstruc tamtenere possint sibi et suécesésoribg suis imp

"

p'mIta quod loco dEe fieri

fac iant in so lo suo proprio ibidemq uandamal iamviam ad eundemFontemducentem

adeo

EDWARD THESECOND ’ S CHARTERS .

Themiddle court , described in th is charter, it seems probab le, formed partof somemansion or bui ld ing ofmagnitude on the hospital estate here, which

was either kept as an house of oc casional ret irement for the master, orwas a'

smaller lazar- house, to wh ich the hosp ital of St . Gi les could send such of their

memb ers aswere in a_convalescent state ; for it is scarcely to be thought

that it refers to the yard of a mere common dwe l ling- house ; and as the

manor of Feltham, aswel l as the advowson of the church, was vested in the

hosp ital , the building al luded to, in wh ich thismidd le court was situate,mightperhaps have b een the manor- house, converted to

'

one of the abovementioned purposes, and to wh ich it was now judged expedient to makeal terat ions.

The next , and on ly other charter of th ismonarch relative to the hosp ital, isdated in the e ighth year of his reign, and appears to have been granted at the

request of themaster and brothers, to correct an abuse wh ich had crept into

th is charity , and which did considerab le injury to it, v iz . ; the introduct ion

of persons into the hospital as residents, who had no c laimon the score of

d isease or otherwise, but were merely placed there through influence. Its

necessity wi l l b etter appear, when it is understood that it was a commonpract ice in the monast ic t imes, and one of wh ich most charitab le aswel l asreligious estab l ishments, had to complain, to farmthe decayed domestics ofthe court on convents ; often to an extent they were unab le to bear, and of

wh ich numerous instancesoccur. Fromthe latterpart of the chart er, St . Giles’

s

hosp ital appears to have been subject to this grievance ; and being a royal

foundat ion,St . Bartho lomew’

s Hospital , Smithfield, had such secondary b uildings for theirinfirm, one of which stil l ex ists St. 3mm“

adeo largam et compe tenc emNos v o lentes p

’ fatis magro e t

frib3g’

ramniamin hac parte fa’

ce

Latin original,Har. MSS.

No.

man’

sHosp .spal’

emconsessimus eis p nob’

e t heridib;ni‘is q uantuar in nob

’

est quod ip'

a viampredic tam obstruere et eam obstruc tamtenere possint sibi e t suc c essorib; suisimp p

"ml ta quod loco p 'dEe v ie fieri fac iantin solo suo proprio ibidemquandamal iamviamad eundemFontemducentemadeo

largame t competencemsic ut p'démet sine

oc’

cone impedimento ni‘i v el heredamnior

Just ic iar' Escae t ’ v icecomitibg ant alior’

Bal liv or’ nior’ q uorcumq,’ Salvo nFo cuiusli

b it3.— In cniusrei, & c . Dat .apudWyndesore

xvijdie Julijanno regno nio’

sede.

at Kingsland, with an antientchape l at tached . The o ther cal led the

‘

L oire, and which stood at the upperend of

Kent - street,Southwark, has been lately

demolished .

Robert Simple, to whomgreat parto f the hospi tal land at Fel thamwas leasedabout the reign of

’ John, and Cunmmun

possib ly thismansion, unless so of ’w‘P land

oc cupied , was, as a condi tion of his lease,to rec eive and entertain any o f the infirmbro thers who passed

'

that way , with the bestfood he had, 820 . See Chap . iv.

15

Middle court

of hospitalat Fel tham.

Further tran

sac t lons as to

hospital ,reignEdw. II.

16 ST. G ILES ’S HOSPITAL .

foundation, and therefore more immed iately under the controul of the king’s

officers, had been so burthened as to occasion an app l icat ion for re l ief, to

wh ich the,royal precept was an answer. It states, That whereas, the hos

p ital of St . G i leswithout L ondon, was founded for the reception and maintainance of lep ers only , various persons, not so afflicted, were al lowed to

reside there, and to bemaintained among the lepers, to theirgreat h indrance,aswell as to the endangering the health of the sound, who on no account ought

to live with or intermix in the soc iety of the d iseased . And grants and

ordains, that the master and brethren of the said hospital should have and

hold the same to themselves, for the use of such leprous persons as were

members only , freely and without h indrance of the officers andministers ofthe royal household, agreeab ly to the will of the original founder thereofconc luding with a command, that neither our seneschals, marshal s, chamberlains, or otherministers of our household, be thenceforth allowed to place

persons of our said household, or any otherswhatsoever, in the said hospital ,to be there harboured improperly , without licence first ob tained fromthe saidmaster and brethren .

In respect to the hospital property nearth is period , it is to b e observed, thatmore grants of houses, land, rent - charges, Sac . occur during the reign of

Edward I, than of any other king. That of Edward II was also productiveof various donations to a considerab le though not equal extent . So that exclusiv ely of the greaterpart of St . Giles

’

s parish , the hosp ital became possessed inthe reigns of thosemonarchs, of estates inmost of the other parishes in L ondonand its environs ; and th is increase of revenue (notwithstanding occasional

irregularit ies of payment, and other obstacles b efore ment ioned) began to

create

Carta regisEdwardi secundian. reg.

nil 8v c .

Edward 8 DeiGi'

aRex Angl’

, St e . Sc iatis

qd cumHospi tale s'

éiEgidijextra London 4;Latin original,

L eprosis ib idem rec ipiend’

e t

Har- MSS snstentantis sit fundatum Sr.No.

plures Leprosimoramcont inuamfac iant et sustentent' in eodemet int

’

bujusmod i L eprosos sana c on

'

v’

satis p sanishoibg non existat

’

nec debeant sani int’ cos"

aliqualit’

hospitali Nos de assensu c onsilijnil ordinavim‘

et c oncessim' magro et fribghospitalis p

'dei quod ip'

iHospitale illud dum

L eprosi suibimoramfac iant bea’

nt et teneant

ext“ libaco

’

emSenescalliMariscallor’

Camarior’ vel aliorministror’ Hospic ij nii quorcumq3jux ta primariamv oluntatemfundatorej usdemEt q d SenescallusMariscalliCamana aut al ij ministri Hospic ij ni‘i libaco

’

emaliquamp ho ibgHospic ij ni

‘

i aut alijs quibus cumq3 dec eto non fac iant in Hospitalep'dca sine L icenc ia 8L vo luntate Magri Sr.frump

'

dcor’

In cuins, St e . T.me ip"

o apudWestm’ quarto die JunijAnno regni nii

oc tavo .

EDWARD THETHI RD ’ S CHARTERS .

create a consequence about the charity and its concerns, wh ich attracted the

particul ar not ice of its royal patrons, but was by no means advantageous to

itself, aswill be seen in proceeding.

Edward III, whose reign may be said to forma sort of era in the h istory of

th is hosp ital, as well from“

the numb er of his ordinances respecting it , as

fromhis final ly fix ing its rank by making it a cel l to Burton St . L azar, issued

fived ifferent decrees forits regulation, v iz .-1 . A charter, dated in the fourth

of his reign , rec it ing by inspex imus, and confirming the charter of his pre

decessor Henry IId .— Q. A charter dated an . reg. sui 10, rec it ing the preced

ing one of 8Ed . II, all of whose concessions it confirms, and grants additionalprivileges — 3. A precept d irected to themayorand sheriffs of L ondon, in the

2otb of his reign, commanding themto make proclamation for al l lepers to

depart the c ity . A charter dated seven years later, grant ing the custody of

St . Giles’s hosp ital to Burton St . L azar.

— And 5 . A writ dated in ‘

the 3 l st

of his reign, to inquire as to certain riotous acts committed at the hospital, in

which it had lost many of its most valuab le deeds and papers. The first

and second charters, which are l iteral rec ital s of the charters of Henry II, and

8 Ed . II, it is need less to repeat .

The first c ommences as fo llows, after

which it is a mere rec ital, as stated, o f

Henry l l nd’

s charter.

EDWAR DU S Dei Gra Rex Angl . DhusHibfiie, e t Dux Aquit

’

Arch iepisEpisAbbatibgprioribg Comitibz Baronib;

26 pcr tnSpex Justieiarijs Vieeeomitibg pree

posits Ministris et omib; Bal lise t fidelibg suis sal trYi Inspeximus cartamce lebris memorie H quondamregis Angl

’

p'

genitoris nils in bee verba.— Henricus Dei

GraRex Anglic , St e .

The second charter, in the original, is similarin form. Thethird is as under

Enwaanus Dei Gra, Ste . Seiatis quodcumHospi tale SiiiEgidij ex tra London 49L eprosis ib idemrec ipiend

’

et snstentantis sit

foundatume t pluresLeprosimoramcontinuamfac iant e t sustententr in eodemet int

’

hujusHer. MSS. mod i Leprosos sani eonv 'satis pN‘"

sanis hoibg non existat’nee de

beant sani int ’ eosaliqualit’

hospitarjac cele

The third, -which is a precep t addressed

to

brismemorie Di'io E. nup rex Angl’

pat’

nio

de assensu eonsilijni‘

iordinasset e t concessis'

it

magro e t frib ; Hospitalis pdca Q uod ip”

i

Hospitale illud dumLep"

si suibi moramfac iant herent et tenerent ex tra libaco

’

emsenescalli, Ste . Hospicij quoreumq ; j ux ta

’

primariamv oluntatemfundator ej usdemEtqd senescallus, St e . Hospic ij nil in lib

’

ace

aliquamp hoibgHospic ij sui aut alijs'

qui

buseumq; extune t non fae’

ent in Hospitali

pdco sine licentia e t vo luntatemagro et fr’

umpdeor

’

p’

nt in hiis ipsius pis ni’i potentibginde confec tis plen

’

is conune t’ Nos ordina

c o’

emSt conc essionempdcus acceptantis ac

v oluntes eisdein magro St fribg g’

ramniamin hae parte faec v broremvo lumet conce

dimus p nob’

&e . quodmagr’

et fre'

sHosp italis p

’de i e t successores sui imp‘

p'mheant

St teneantHospi tale pd'

émquietnmdelibaciiesenescallor

’

, St e . Hospicij nii, St e . e t aliosquoreumqg l ta qd senescalli, St e . nii v el here

dumniorJusticiarij’

tenantes seu al ij q uiD cumq;

18 ST. GILES ’S HOSPITAL .

to themayor and sheriffs, an . 1317, stric tly enjoins themtomake proclamat ionin the several wards of the c ity , for all lepers to depart the same with in fifteendays. And that no one should presume to shelter any one so d iseased, upon

pain of forfeiting the house wherein such person should b e concealed . It

moreover commands, that al l persons having th is loathsome d istemper, shouldb e removed to a considerab le d istance fromthe conversat ion of the sound . In

consequence ofwh ich themayorand c it izensof London applied to the superior

of the hospital, to admit fourteen leprous , persons (cit izens) agreeab ly to the

foundat ion charter of queen Matilda. This precept appears to have beenissued at th is part icularperiod , in consequence of the destruct ive plague thenraging in England, and which had previously half depopulated not only Asiaand Af rica, but great part of Europe. Historians abound with accounts of

this dreadful pestilence, whose ravag es exceeded that of any former visitationof the kind . Pardon church -

yard, in L ondon, and various other cemeteriesmentioned by Stowe, Ste. were expressly set apart for the interment of the

immense numberswho d ied in themetropo lis only . In an age, when the true

nature of the plague was but imperfectly known, it is by nomeans unl ikelythat the leprosy might b emistaken for a spec ies of that d isorder ; or it might,at least , be though t to assist the spread ing of the contagion and th ismight,and

’

most probably did, occasion the royalmandate to c lear the c ity of lepers.

The fourth charter is dated anno 1354, and states, that the king, at the

desire of his beloved in Christ, themaster of the order of Burton St . Lazar in

England and in consideration of the remission of 40 marks per annum, wh ich

the saidmaster and brethren of the same order c laimed of the al lowance of hisprogenitors, late kings of England, payab le out of hisExchequer and also in

considerat ion of the remission of the arrears of the same forty marks perannum— did grant to the samemasterand brethren the custody of the hospitalof Sr. GILES without London, with its appurtenances, to ho ld to themand

their successors, brethren o f the same order, for ever; saving the right what

soeverwh ich the poor thereof had, of necessaries to be provided fromthe

goods of the said hospital , and other alms to the same hospital appertaining,as had been usual and accustomed for themaintenance thereof.”

The

cumqg libaco’maliquaml l

‘

l Hospitali pdca magi Westm’

,x vj. dieMarcij

ad opus alicujus deceto non fac ian t nec in anno regni niiDec imo .

eodemHospitent‘contra voluntatemip

’

or EdwardusDeiGratia RexAngl’

Dfius

Hihnie

EDWARD T HETHI RD ’ S CHARTERS.

The object of th isgrant appears to have been to ease the royal exchequer of

the payment of the annuitymentioned, (wh ich had been the gift of Richard Ito Burton - St . L azar,) as well as fromthe arrears which had accumulated .

By virtue of it, brother Richard L eighton, thenmaster of Burton, b ecameseised of the custody of St . Giles

’s hosp ital, but not it appearswithout some

opposit ion fromthe parties connec tedwith the latter, who probab ly conceived

its interests injured by this transfer. Thiswe learn froma precept issued bythe king to his just ices in 1358 , the object of wh ich ‘

is thus expressed!5)Edward, &C.

- TO his b eloved and faithfulWalter de Gloucester,Roger de Mathcote, and John de Foxelyere, greet ing : On the complaint ofbrother John Cryspin, keeper of the hosp ital of St . Gi leswithout London, we

do al low, that whereas the said hosp ital, fromits foundat ion, existed of us,

Hibnie et Dux Aquit’

omnibus ad quos presentes l i tera parvenerunt salutemsc iatisquod

requisitionemdilec ti et nob is inChiistiMagistriordinis de Burton sanc ti Lazari in Angl iasEl:

pro remissione quadraginta inarcarumannuarumquas idemMagister e t fratres ej usdemordinis ex concessione progenitorumnostro

ramquandamregumAnglia ad seaccariumnostrampercipere consuerunt nee non et pro

remissione arreragionemeorundemlx marcarumannuarumConcessimus eisdemfratrib us pro nob is e t heredib ns nostris custodiamHospitalis sanc ti Egidij ex tra London c umpertiner

‘

isis Habendumeisdemfratribus et

suc cessoribus suis fratribus ejusdeni ordinisimperpetuamSalv o jure euiuslibet ita quodpauperibusnecessaria de bonisdic tiHospitalis

inv eniant et al ias elemosinas in eodemHos

pital i institutas et hac tenususitatassustenten’

omnibus in tenenturIn cuius reiTestimoniamhas l iteras nostrasfierifeeimuspatentesTesteme ipso apudWestm’ quarto d 1eAprilisannoregni nostr1 v 1cesess11no sept imo .

Edwardus, St e . B ilcis e t fidelibgVValto

de Gloucestriae Rog’

de Matheote St Joh i (leFoxelyere Saltiii Ex qne iela JohisCry spinCustodis Hosp sea Egid

’

ex tra London

Ac cepimus quod c umHospi tale pdc‘mde

priorati’

r nio existat’

c t ab oiiiijurisdicde

L atin original,Har. MSS.

No.

80

ordinaria penitus St - nimine '

Ita qd aliqui

ordinarij in Hospitali i ll6 officifi v isita’

coes

seu al iamjurisdico’

emordinariamexercere

non debent nee consuet’

runt temporib ; t e

troac tis quidammalef ’

cores et pac is nio

p’

tuibatores ac viris niiregni et exemp’

c ois

Hospitalis pdc i impugnatores securas por

tar’

Hospitalis'

illuis in ad ventfi Latin or mat.Robert Archiep Cantuar

’ ib idemHai l M S

nup ad visitand’

.Hospi tale p'dcmM

v enientis vi et armis fregerunt e t consuleruntet portas il las ita quod dens ArchiepfisHos

p itale illud ingressns'

offic ifi v isitac6es ibidemin nil e t Hospitalisapd ci judic iumexercuit

apav erunt Et quasdam'

lras papales CartasScripta St al ia

'muni1i1e_nter tam9p

’v ilegia q .

al ia jura St possessiones Hosp.9pdc i tan

genc ia ibidemc eperunt St asportaverunt et

alia enormia tamnob’ q pfe il custodimul ti

plieit intnlerunt in nil contemp tfi ac que dampriii ipius Custodisc t contra pacemniamEt‘quia hujusmodi contemptfi St trangre

'

ssionemrel inquere nolumus assignavimus n6s just le’

nros ad inquirend’

p’

sacrmfp

’

borSt leg’

homi’rde Com’ Midd ’

p quos rei vitasmel ius sciri

potit de noib; malef’cor

’

pd’

cor St eon

temptfiSt transgressionempd’

eorplenius‘

veritatemSt aud’

e t terminand ’

sec’

dmlegem8L

consuet’

regni nii, Ste. Dat Lond . an. regninil triginta primo .

D 2

19

20 ST. G ILES ’S HOSPITAL .

so the same was clearly and in all respec ts exempted fromall ordinary jurisd iction, insomuch that no onemight or did assume the right of visit ing the

same, orexerc ising therein any sort of controu l . Unt i l of late, that certain

evi l doers and d isturbers of our peace, opposing themselves against our

subjects, and the exempt ions of the said hosp ital as aforesaid, forc ib ly seiz ed

possession of the same hospital and the gates thereof, and the same held byforce and arms against Rob ert , archb ishop of Canterbury , who, coming thereto performhis offic ial duty of visiting the same hosp ital,was thereby preventedand shut out, to the prejudice of us and the said hospital and certain papal

letters, writings, charters and othermunuments, aswell of privileges as other

rights and possessions of the said hosp ital, ortouching or concerning the same,were taken and carried away , and other outrages repeatedly committed, aswell in contempt of us as to the damages of the said keeper, and against our

peace, Scc . And becausewemay not permit contemptsand offences of thiskindto be acted with impunity,we have assigned you ourjustices to inquire thereof,on the oath of true and lawfulmen of the county of Middlesex, by whomthemattermay be bettermade known, togetherwith the names of such offenders

and the nature of their crime, and such contempt and offences heard and

determined accord ing to the laws and customs of our kingdom, Ste .

Fromthis instrument we learn not only the d issat isfact ion which the barter

of the hospital occasioned among those on whose rights it seems to haveinfringed, but also the important part icular, as faras affec ts its h istory , of its

most valuab le papers and records being taken away or destroyed, and wh ich

might otherwise have furnished many interesting fac ts. The c ircumstance of

the hosp ital’

s b eing subject to the archb ishop of Canterbury’

s visitation, isl ikewise matter of informat ion wh ich does not appear in any of the formerdocuments. Though whether such right always ex isted, orwas only nowfirst

c laimed (wh ich the resistancemade to it seems to infer,)is doub tful.It may be further observed, in considering the ev ents of this reign, that

though th is sale to Burton of St . Giles’

shospital, was ult imately the completeann ih ilation of its independence, yet the effect seems to have been gradual ;as transfers of property were afterwardsmade in the names of the brothersand

sisters

)Stowe gives an amusing account of the o f tbeirhouse, in which the primate enforced

oppositionmade by the Canons o f St . Bar his authori ty by blows. It appears couse

tholomew Priory in Smithfield . to an arch quently that the resistance here made wasb ishop of Canterbury

’

s (Boniface) visitation not unprecedented .

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as ST. G ILES ’

S HO SPITAL .

year~of th e same ‘ king, h ad previously b een placed under the government of

other superiors than the masters of Burton , owing to causes therein spec ified ,and hereafter detailed . By these pleasWal terde L yntown, the then master,was reinstated in possession . The proceedings are preserved among the

hospital records, and are as follow

Henry , by the grace of God, king of England, St e. Whereas, Richard ,late king of England, the second since the Conquest , did, by his letterspatent

hearing date the th irteenth year of hisreign , grant to hisb eloved c lerk Richard

Clifford, now b ishop ofWorcester, the custody of the hospital of Burton

St . L azar, to held during his l ife, with all its rights, St e . And whereas

our b eloved in Christ,Walter Lyn town,

“ master or custos of the said hosp ital,has

'

shown unto us that he cannot, on account of the existence of such grant,

be assured in the peaceab le possession of the said hospital , and has supplicated

for a remedy fromus :We wi ll, that the said Richard show cause b efore us

in our Chancery , by what right he holds the custody of the said hosp ital , and

why such grant should not b e revoked ,”

And on the same day comes before us the saidWalter L yn town ; and thesaid Richard, although solemn ly called, comes not ; and thereupon the saidWalter prays, that the said letters patent and grantmay b e revoked, as to the

custody of said hosp ital — And further

Comes ourchancellor, the b ishop of L inco ln, and shows in court a certain

writ of sc ire fac ias, endorsed in these wordsHenry , Ste . To our sheriff of Midd lesex, greeting. On the part of our

beloved in Christ,Walter L yntown, master of the order of Burton St . L azar,

it

HehrieusDeiGiaRexAngl’

et Franciaa a dfiiextitit ac redditus p’siona e t al la ewol d

et Dni'

i s Hihnie omnibus ad quos present’

Lies parv ener‘ Sal temcumRicardus nup

’

rex Angl ic post conquestfi sc iido p lias suaspat

’anni regni sui. t1

“

:io dec imo Ded erit e t

concesserit dilc o c l ico sfio Rieo Cly lford nuueep

"

oWygom’

c ustod ia Hospital is de Burton

s iLazari qd v acabat e t ad snamspec tabat donac

’

oemui dicebatr

Hend’

ad to tamvitamsuamcumsuisjuribge t p t

’

1n’

quibuscumq3p’

ut in eisdemLiis plenius c ontineturjamqg d l lCUS nob

’

in

Xp6Wal t' Lyntown Magr’

sive c ustosHos

pit’

pdEi nob ismousterant q“int eonguerendoqd l icet ip

"

e in possessione Hospitalis pd'

éi

Latin original,Har. MSS.

No.

menta eidemHospitali p"

tinenc ia p“

cepit St

p”

c ipiant idemtamemmagr’

g’

nominus ip"

e

j usta quieta et paeifica possessione sua dEiHospit

’

v ti St gaudere possit c olore lras

p”

dcarimpeditus exisc it minusjusse in ip’

ius

magnfi dampni‘

i non modic umSt tal is siu

pdei exheredac o’

emmanifestam inde nob’

suppl icavit sib i p nosde. remed io pindere nos

v olentes in hac parte fieri' qdestjustumtib i

p'

cipim’ quod sceire fac ’

p”

t'

ato RiEo q d sit

coranob’

in Cancel lar’

ni‘a, St e. ubic umqueSt e . ad ostend

’

siquid p uob’

aut p dense ip’

o

heat v el diee sEiat quare brep"

dc e sib i de c ustodiaHosp prd

tut p

’mit tit' fEe revocari, St e .

PLEAD INGS AS TO— IN REIGN OF HENRY IV.

it"

is shown, that whereas, the lord Edward, son of Edward, late king of

England, by his letterspatent, bearing date the twenty - seventh yearof hisreign,

and d irec ted to themaster of Burton St . L azar aforesaid, in consideration of

the remission of forty marks per annum, the gift of ourprogenitors, and the

of the same, did grant, St e. to the saidmaster and brethren of Burton

St . L azar, the custody of the hospital of ST . GILES without London, to ho ld

to the said master and brethren for ever. By virtue of wh ich grant , one

brotherRichard L eighton, thenmaster of Burton, and the predecessorof the

present master, and the brethren of the samewere seised of the custody and

possession of such hosp ital , and so continued unti l afterwards, when the said

Richard, late king of England, the second, See. in the tenth year of his reign ,

by his letterspatent, confirmed such grant to the thenmaster, brotherNicholasde Dover. But afterwards, the same king Richard, in the twelfth yearof hisreign, did, by other his letters patent, give and grant to his beloved clerk,John Macclesfield, the said hosp ital of St . Giles, then described as vacant, to

hold forhis life, whereby the saidWalterwas d ispossessed of such custody as

aforesaid, and of the rents,‘

farms, obvent ions, ob lat ions, St e. to the samebelonging, to the great vexation and damage of the saidWal ter, and praystherefore that such letters patent and grantmay be revoked : we will there

upon that the said John showcause, S50 . and that he have there th iswrit .”

At which time and place the said John, although solemn ly called, comesnot, and thereupon the saidWalterprays,” Ste.

And afterwards the same king Richard, by other his letters patent,hearing date the 1sth year of his reign, gave and granted to the abbot of

the

Henricus, Ste. Vic’ Midd ’

Sal tifi ex tempus nonmodicumconfirmarerunt ac postparte diléinob

’

in X |7oWalti Lynton Magil

ord inis de Burton SiiiLazari inAngl’

nob’est

qamt c onguerendomonstretatfiqd cumDni

’

is

E. fil’

regi Hen. (Edward) p'

genitoris nii plias suas patent

’

ad requisionemdilci sib i inKp

'

o Mag’

r ordinis p“

de'i p remissione qua

draginta marc’

annuar’

, St e . e t arreragior’

easdmconcessisse eisdem frib; custod iamHosp S. Egid

’

Hend’imp

'

p'mvirtute cuius

concessionis quidamfrat’

Ri'das Leightonq uondr

'

ri magii ordinis p"

déi predecessor

pd’

cornuncmagr’

St de custodia dEiB espit’

seisiti fuerunt et possessionemsuaminde p

modumDnfis R. nup’

rex Angl’

an . reg’

sui

dec imo p lias suas c oncessionem p't

'

ati

p"

genitoris nii eisdemfrih; de c ustod ia i l lasic f

’

came t cuidamNicho de Dover seisit

de c ustod ia ej usdemHospit’

, St e .

Latin original,Subsequent' idemDnfisR . an Har. MSS.

reg’

sui duodec imo p ais lias N0

pat’

dederit c ustodiam, St e . d ilc o c lico suo

JohiMacc lesfield pde'i Hospit

’

, St e. Hend’

ad to tamvitamsuam, St e . ip" iasWalteri

damphu, Ste . Unda nob’

supphcavit, St e.

Volumas, St e. (as before.)

23

ST. GILES ’S HOSPITAL .

the abbey of the b lessed Mary of the Gracesnex t the Tower of L ondon, the

custody of the said hosp ital , and the advocat ion thereof, to ho ld to the

same abbot and his successors to the proper uses of the same hosp ital , withthe church within the same hosp ital and also the

'

church of Felthamto

the same hospital appropriated, and al l their appurtenances, to the damage of

the saidWalter, Scc . :Wherefore he prays that such grant may be revoked ;we will therefore that our precept b e issued to the said abbot, to show

cause,”St e.

And the said abbot being called, comes and says, that Richard, late king of

England, by his letters patent, gave to himthe said abbot, of his special grace,such custody of said hosp ital of St . G i les as aforesaid, in these words

Richard, by the grace of God, king of Eng land and France, and lord of

Ireland knowye, that we of our spec ial grace, do give and grant for us and

our heirs, unto our b eloved in Christ, the abbot and monks of the abbey of

the b lessed Mary of the Graces next the Tower of L ondon, the hosp ital of

St . Gileswithout our c ity of L ondon, and the donat ion of the same hosp ital ;which same h osp ital is of the foundat ion of ourprogenitors, to hold for the

purposes forwh ich same hospital was founded ; that is to say , themaintenanceof the poor lepers therein, and also of one chap lain and one c lerk, to celebrate

the officesand divine service in the church of the same hospital, and also to doall otherworks and alms to the same hosp ital belonging, provided and on

condition that the same abbot and convent of St . Mary do remit unto us and

ourheirs, the yearly sumor annuity of one hundred and tenmarksof the farmof the church of Scarborough , part of the endowment of the king, our pre

decessor, Edward the th ird, founder of the said abb ey of St . Mary of the

Graces, St e . Dated atW' estminster.”f‘ Subsequent' idemR . de conces

sione, St e . an. reg’

sui quinto dec imo p als

li’as suas pat’

dederit AbbiAbb ie BeMarie deGraciisjuxtaTurrumLond ’

p déumHospit’

et

advocationemejusdemHospit’ Hend

’

eidemAb bi, St c . pp iios usus pdci pdEiHospit, St e .

Hend’

ad to tamvi tam suam, St e . ip”

iusWalteri dampnfi unde nob’

suppl icavit, SteVolumus

, St e . (as before .)Ricardus DeiGraRexAngl

'

e t Franc’

e t Dm’is Hib nia: Sc iatis quod de gratia nraspal i Dedimus et concessxmus p nob

’

e t here

And

dibus nris dilcis nob’

in Xp6 Abbi et monaehis abb ie BeMarie de Graciis juxtaTurrimniamLondon de fundae

’

oe DfiiEnupregis Angl

’

av i n'

f i defunc ti c l nio p"

cent1’

i

existen tisHosp SeiEgidijpp'°

e e t ex tra c ivit’

nrari i LondonEt adv ocaco ’

emejusdemHos

pit’ Hend

’

, St e . Et cumcec l ia de Fe l thameidemHospital i appropriata mppmmvemendo in eodemHosp italipat

‘

ipesboies leprosisAceciamunfi Cape llam

’

i St unii Glicu ad

c elebrand’

e t fac iend ’

Divina serv icia in ec

e l ia ej usdemHospitalis, St e . Volentes quodocc

’

one

PLEADINGS AS TO— IN REIGN OF HENRY IV.

QAnd the saidWalter being again called, comes and shows cause and the

said abbot also, by his attorney , comes; and the saidWal ter thereupon requests

that the grant aforesaidmay be revoked and the said abbot, in answer, says,that the said grant ought not to be revoked as prayed for, b ecause he says that

the saidmasterof Burton IS not the propermaster of Burton, but is removab leat the wi l l of the master of the lepers at Jerusal em, and therefore was not in

considerat ion of such remission of the sumof forty marks, as aforesaidlawful ly seised of St . Giles

’

shosp ital.And the same abbot further saysThat

'

Mati lda, late queen of England, founded the said hosp ital of St . Gileswithout L ondon , for themaintenance of forty lepers, one chaplain, one clerk,

‘

and one servant (unu v alett ii wh ich constitution, St e. of the said queen was

added to by Henry II, late king of England, the relat ive and heir of the saidqueen. And such numb er of persons on the foundat ion cont inued to be

maintained, unt i l Edward, late king of England , the th ird since the conquest,

gave away the custody of such hosp ital unto the hosp ital of Burton St . L azaras

aforesaid .

And the said abbot further says, that afterwards, in the t ime of the lateking Richard, and wh i le Nicholas de Doverwas master, the estab l ishment ofthe said hospital of St . Giles, as before-mentioned, b eing reduced , the saidking Richard direc ted hismandate unto certain commissioners therein named,to visit and see into the state of the said hospital . Beforewhomit appeared ,by inquisit ion duly taken, that the said Nicholas de Doverand others,mastersof the said hosp ital of Burton, had reduced and d isposed of the said lepers of

St . Giles’

s hosp ital , and the chaplain, clerk and servant belonging to the same,and had changed themforsisters, against the form

‘

of the foundat ion statutes.

And the same being represented to the said king Richard, he the said kingRichard , by his letters patent , granted the said hosp ital of St . G i les to the

said John Macclesfield as aforesaid , to ho ld forand during the l ife of himthesaid John Macclesfield ,with reversion to the said king, and hisheirs,

”

And afterwardsthe said JohnMacclesfield dy ing, the said late king Richard

gave to the abbot b efore named, the custody of the said hosp ital of St . Giles, asbefore stated, to hold, St e . subject to such uses as aforesaid ; and the said abbot

says,

ecc’

one p'sentis donacois

‘

niar quicquid de ab bremetur nec deducat nee quod predc ec‘enteme t decemmarc isannfiisdefirma ecc le ~ abbi e tc de eisdemcentemet deccasmarc issia de Scareburgh p

'déisabb i etMonachis etc annuls nee de aliqua p’cella easdemannuit '

p nos‘concessis in parte v el in toto sub trahat

’

onerant'

, St e. Dat’

apudWestm’

, Ste.

E

ST. G ILES’S HO SPITAL .

says, that time out of mind , forty leperswere maintained in the said hospital,and so continued to b e unt i l the t ime when the custody of the said hospital was

granted away , asment ioned by the late kingEdward , to themaster of BurtonSt. Lazar,

‘when they were reduced as before stated ; and th is the said abbot

isready to verify , wherefore he prays judgment .

And the saidWalter says, in answer, that he is the perpetualmaster of

the said ' hosp ital , and that he is not aappointed and removab le at the will

of the .master of the lepers at Jerusalem, as is said ; but that he, the saidWalter, was and is lawfully se ised of the said hospital of St . Giles. That

true it is, the said Matilda, late queen of England, did found, t ime out of

mind, the said hospital of St . Giles, in the p lacewhere it now is, and did

endowit with sixty sh ill ings rent, issuing fromthe queen’s wharf cal led

Aldreshethe, to'

bay the infirmthereof food ; to wh ich original endowmentthe late king Henry , the heir of « the said queen, al so added . But the saidWalter denies, that at any t ime the goods of the said hosp ital of Saint Gil es

could maintain forty lepers, Ste. as stated ; and says, that the same wereaccustomed, occasionally , in t imes of necessity , to be reduced long b efore

such grant as aforesaid made by king Edward to the master of Burton

Transac tionsas to hospitalin reigns ofHen. V,

St . L azar.

”

And a day being appointed, the said part iesagain appearin court , and pray

judgment . And an inquest having in the mean time been summoned, and

havingmade inquiry , upon their oath , say , That themasterand brethren of

St . Giles’

s hosp ital did, and were accustomed, t ime out of mind (as appearsfromall they can learn) to reduce the number of lepers in cases of necessity ;and that the said hospital consequently did not at all t imes maintain fortylepers but that long b efore king Edward

’

s grant, the numberwas atvarious t imes curtai led, by three, four, fiv e, and somet imesmore, at pleasure,according to the state of the hospital funds, as the saidWalter, in his answer,has truly said .

”

7 Whereupon the said matters having been duly weighed, the king, by hiswrit commands, that the saidWalter, St e. b e duly reinstated in the custodyof the said hosp ital of St . Giles, and that the said letters patent b e revoked .

The reign of king Henry V added another charter to those of his prede

cessors, by wh ich he confirmed the custody of St. Gil es’s hosp ital to Burton,

agreeab ly to the original grant of Edward III, and the late determination4‘Hen. IV. .

CHARTERS OF HEN. V, HEN. VI, AND EDW. IV.

41 Hen. IV. But the formof th is instrument being exactly similar t o those

before given, it is use less to repeat it. In th is reign also occurred themeetingand pretended p lot o f the Lol lards, wh ich only relates to the hosp ital inas

much as the supposed consp irators assemb led in its immed iate vic inity, thencalled Pickets,

”or St . Giles

’s Fields and for the part icularswhereof

see account of the parish .

Henry VI, in the th ird year of his reign, confirmed in l ikemanner thegrants made to the hosp ital by preceding kings, and in prec isely a simi larform and by a second charter, bearing date in his 85th year,more especiallyguaranteed the c ustody of it to Burton, forwhat part icular reason does not

appear. The originals of both grants are at the Tower.

Edward IV, by letterspatent , dated the l st of hisreign , annexed the hosp italof th e Ho ly Innocents nearL incoln, founded by Remegius, b ishop of that 'see,

for lepers, to Burton, on cond ition of certainmenials of the king’sservants, if

afflictedwith leprosy , being provided forin St . Giles’s hosp ital and afterwards

further confirmed the said grant by a c lause in an act of resump tion, wh ich

spec ial ly excepts the same hosp ital of the Holy Innocents, usual ly cal led

L eMaillardi, frombeing included in the said act , to the prejudice ofWi l l iam,the thenmasterof Burton, in the fo l lowing terms

Provided always, that this act, petition or ordinanc e, in th is present

parl iament made or to bei

made, extend not nor be prejud ic ial toWil l iammaster of the order of Burton St . Lazar, of Jerusalem, in England , keeper ofthe hospital of St . Giles without L ondon, and the brethren of the order

aforesaid , nor their successors, of any gift grant or confirmationmade by us

under the great seal to the saidmasterand brethren, and theirsuccessors, bywhatsoevername they b e called in the said grant of confirmat ion of the hospitalof the Holy Innocents, cal led Le Maillardi(

t ’

)without the suburbs of the said

c ity of L inco ln, with al l lands, tenements, leasowes, meadows, pastures, woods,rentsand services to the said hosp ital of the Holy Innocentsin anywiseb elonging,with al l and every their appurtenances, to hold to the saidmasterand brethrenand the ir successors for ever ; to find yearly for ever certain lepers of our

menial servants, and of our heirs and successors, if any such be found,

and

Malco lmLond’Rediviv umIl I. p . 485. ladrie —

q d Infirmary , or Sick- housc .~ —See

L eMalcardry- orin pat37Hen . IV. FarmerNo t Mon . 256.

Maladrie — meaning in both p laces “Ma 35 Hen.VII. Farmer.

Hen. VI, and

Edw. IV.

Ac t of Re

sumption,

1 Edw. lV.

King’

s ser

v ants (iflepers) to bemaintainedby custos ofhospital.

S T. G ILES ’S HO SPITAL .

and‘

other charges, as in our said letters patent to the said master, Ste.

“

and

theirsuccessors, thereofmade,more p lainly is contained .

”

The short reigns of Edward V and Richard III furnish no part icul ars thatwe are acquainted with relat ive to St . Giles

’

s hospital , and indeed were periods

of too much pol it ical intrigue and bustle formuch to b e expected . Besides

th is, its concerns appear now to have b ecome completely merged in those of

the superior house at Burton . In proof of its subordination t o the latter, a

deed of sale, preserved by Stowe,may be quoted as’

an instance. This triflingdocument, which is all we havemet with concerning it during the succeeding

reign of Henry VII, will suffic iently show that the hospital property , a nd

consequently its less important concerns, were then ent irely at the disposal of the

mastersand brethren of Burton, and that th e chap ter or brothers and sisters

of St . Giles, frombeing no wayment ioned as part ies (wh ich they are inmostformer deeds,) had ceased to possess any power or controul over their own

estab l ishment . The deed is dated anno 1509 (Q7 Hen. VII,)and is as

follows

Thomas Norton, knight , master of Burton St . L azar of Jerusalem, in

England, and the brethren of the same place, keepers of the hosp ital ofSt . G ileswithout the barres of the old Temple of London, have sold to Geoffery

Kent, c it izen and draper of London, a messuage or house, with two sol larsabove edified, in the parish ofAll hallows, Honey

- lane, inWest Chepe, adjoiningto a tenement cal led the Goate on the Hope, pertaining to the drapers of

L ondon, for St e.

These premiseswere part of the estates of St. Giles’s, and are described

among the hosp ital deeds — See Chap . IV.

The reign of Henry VIII, wh ich was fatal to th is and other similarestab l ishments, was one in wh ich St . Giles

’

s hospital and its affairs wereimportantly concerned . The first act on record respec ting it, was an inquest

directed by the king’

swrit to b e held, to inqu ire as to the hospital’s right to

certain houses in Holborn, built on the p iece of ground bought of Richard

Young, canon of St. Paul’s, and wh ich is enumerated in the charterof Henry II.

The title of themasterto th is estate, as set forth in his rep ly , is as fol lows‘

The

Jones’s Records,Addenda, Malardry , Ordinis de Burton S. Lazari e t SuccessoribusHospi tale H. Innocentium

,vocat i Malardry suis - Originalia 1 Edw. IV. Rol l . 49 .

ext’

c ivit ’ L incolniae c oncessumMagistro

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

30 ST. GILES ’S HOSPITAL .

completely sacrificed to those of . the king and the hosp ital of Burton. The

latter, for transferring a property overwh ich it was its duty to watch and see

justly appropriated, received what it probab ly considered in some respects

more than an equivalent , and the king’

swisheswere at the same time grat ified ;but no consideration whatever appears to

~ have b een given to the infirmof

St .Giles. By this deed themaster and brethren of Burton,— (in consider

at ion of the gift fromthe king of themanororcap italmessuage of Burton L azar,and eighteenmessuages, four cottages,with theirappurts, at Burton L azar, andone parcel of land , called Jewettz Thynge, one pasture cal led Burton

’

sGrange,

ly ing in the village and fields of Burton L azar aforesaid ; one pasture cal ledL eysthorpe, lying at L eysthorpe in the said county of L eicester, and also all

manors, messuages, lands, tenements, rents, reversions, St e . in Burton L azar

and L eysthorpe aforesaid, wh ich late were and b elonged to the abbot of the

monastery of the b lessed Mary dc Valdey , in the county of L incoln, to hold

to themand their successors for ever,)— gave granted and confirmed unto

the king.

Sc iant presentes e t futuri qd nos

Thomas Ratclifi’

emagisterde Burton Sanc t iLazari Jerlrir inAngliaCustos sive GardianosHospitalis Sanc ti Egidij ex

d Barras Veteris

Temp l i London et ejusdem loc i c onfies

Unanimis assensu consensu et agreamentoniis in considerac

’

oe e t pro eo qd Il lustrissimae t Serenissima Regea Maj estas e t Dnfis ni

Heuricus oc tavus Dei Gi‘a Angl ie et Franc’

Rex Fidei Defensor et Dnfis Hibnie ac in

terra supremii caput Anglicane Ec c lie'

nobisdeditmanerinmsive Capital i Messuagifi de

Burton Lazardec emet oc tomessuagifiquartuor cottagia cumomnib; et singulis suispertinen

’ jacen’

et ex isten’

in Burton Lazar

in Com’

L eicestr’

ac una parcel lamtie v ocat’

L ou-

n original.Jewett; Thynge unam pastur

’

L ord Ghomb . vocat Burton’

sGrange jacen’

etRemem. Oflice.

ex1sten in Vil lata et campis deBurton Lazar antedic t

’ Et unapastur’ vocat’

L ey sthorpe jacen’

et existen’

in Leysthorpe

in‘

predc o’

Com’

Leycestr’neenoa omnia

maneria messuagia terras - tenta redditus

rev erco’

es et scrv icia ac cetera hereditamentania cumomnihg et singulis suis pert inen

’

in

Burton Lazar et Leisthorpe predic t’

q ue

All

quidmmaneria terr’ tentae t cetera premissanup erfuerunt e t spec taban t Abbat i monasterij Beate Maria de Valdey in Com’

Lyn

coln ’ Habend’

et tenend’

nob’

et successoribgni‘ls imp

"

p" mDedimus concessimus et bac

present i carti nia confirmavrin’

predco Dho

Regi maneri a ni'a de Fel thame t Heston

in Com’ Mydd’

Necnon omnia messuagiania teri

’tenta boscos sub - b oscos redditus

revercoes et s’

v icia ac’

ce t hered itament niacumsuis pertinen

’

in Fel thamet Heston

predéis aceciamduas acra prati jacen’

in

Campis de Seynt Martyns in vil la“7estm’

v iginti quinqg acras pastur’ jacen’

in v il lataSanc tiEgid lj quinqg acraspastur

’ jacen’

in

quodmc lauso prope Colmanhedge quinq;acras pastur

’ jacen in Colmanhedge Feldeunamclausamvocat ’ Conduy t Mead con

t inen’

p estimac ’ quinq; ac ras unamc lausamv ocat

’ Mersheland unammessuag’ vocat’ leWhjte Harte e t deceme t oc to acras pastur’

eidmmessuagio spec tantesunammessuagiumv ocat

’

le Rose et unampastur’

cidmmessuag’

p"

tinen necnon unfimessuagia vocat’

le Vyne

sc ituat’

et existemin pred’

ca vil la de Sey atGy lesExceptis e t omnino nob is e t succes

soribus

EXCHANGEOF ITS ESTATES TO HEN. VIII.

All thbse theirmanors of Felthamand Heston, and appurts,‘

lying and

b eing in Felthamand Heston, in the county of Middl esex and also all

theirmessuages, lands and tenements, woods, underwoods, rents, reversions,services, See. in the said Felthamand Heston and also two acres ofmeadowly ing in . the fields of St . Martin, in the village ofWestminster; twenty -fiv e

acres of pasture lying in the village of St . Giles ; fiv e acres of pasture ly ingin a certain c lose there, nearColman’

s hedge ; fiv e acres of pasture ly ing in

Colman’shedge felde one c lose call ed Conduit Close, containing by est imat ion

fiv e acres ; one c lose, cal led Merrsheland one messuage, cal led theWhyteHart, and eighteen acres of pasture to the same messuage belonging ; one

messuage, called the Rose, and one pasture to the samemessuage belongingalso one messuage cal led the Vyne, situate and being in the said vil lage of

Seynt Gy les. Except, and always reserved to the saidmaster, the church and

rectory of Fe lthamaforesaid, and al l gleb es, lands, ty thes, ob lations, port ions,

soribus nris reservatis ecc lie e t rec toria de

Fel thampredic t’

ac omnibus glebis terrisdecimis oblacoibg percoibg penéaibg St

ceteris emolumentis predic t’

ec c lie e t rec torie

spec tan’

Q ue quidmmaneria e t cetera

p’missa pernos data et concessa se ex tendunt

ad annua v almem v iginti septem l ibra;sterl ing Habend

’

et tenend’

predic tamaneriade Fe l thamet Heston necnon omnia e t

singla messuagia terras tenta boscos sub

b oscosredditusreverco’

es et servicia accetera

hereditamenta c umomnibus et singulis suis

pertinen’in Fel tham et Heston predic t

’

predc’

as duas acras prati jacens in predciscampis de Seynt Martyns predcus quinqgacras pastur

’ jacent prope Colmanhedgep 1ede

’

as quinqgacraspastur’

jacentesin Colmanhedge Felde supiadémc lausumvocat’Conduy t Close p

’ fat’

Clausamvocat ’Marrshe

land d ic tummessuagiumvocat’ leWhy teHarte e t predic tas decemet oc to acras pas

tur’

eid’mmessuagio pertinen

’ Et dGmmessuagifiv ocatumle Rose e t predic t

’

Pastur’

e idmmessuagio pertinen’

necnon predic t’

messuagiumvocat’ le Vyne Excep tis c t.

omnino nob’

et successoribus nils reservatis

ec clia et rec toria de Fel thampredic t’

ac

c eteris omnib; et singl ispre—exceptisprefato

and

Il lustrissimo Diio ni’o Regi heredibus et successorib; suis imp

"

p"mEt nos veromagistro

de Burton Sanc t i Lazari predic t’

guardian’

Hospitalis supradce et ej usdemloc i confrése t successores fir predcamaneria de Fel thame t Heston c umsuis pet tinen

’

universisAce- i

c iampred’

casduas acrprati jacent’

in predcis

campis de Seyat Martynspred’

casquinqgacr

pastur’

prope Colmanhedge predic’

as quinq;aerpastur

’

in Colmanhedge fe lde supradcmc lausamv ocat

’

Conduy t C lose predcmc lausamvocatumMarrsheland d ic tummessuagiumvocat

’

leWhy te Harte et predc’

as

decemet oc to acras pastur’

eid’mmessuag

’

spec tan’

et dic tummessuag’ vocat ’ le Rose

e t predic t’

pastur’

eid’mmessuagifi pertinen’

necnon predcmmessuag’ vocat ’ le Vyne cum

suis pertinen’ Excep tis p exceptis prefato

Dno Regi hered’

e t successorib; suis contra

omnes gentes wa1antizabim‘e t imp pm

defendem’

perpresentes. In cuius rei testimoniumhuic presen ti carte nie sigil lumnimc ommune pposuim’

. Data secundo die Junijanno regni predel Diii nii Henric i oc taviDeiGiaAngl ic e t Franc ie Regis Fidei Defensoris e t Dhi H ib ernic ac in terra su

premu capitis Angl icani cecile v icessimooctavo .

31

Themanorsand lands ofFel thamand

Heston, twoacres of landin St.Mar

t 1u’

s Fields,twenty - five

acres in St .

Giles’

s V1llage, fiv eacres at Colman’

sHedge,fiv e acres in

ColmanHedge Felde,ConduitC lose fiveacres

, and

Marsh land,theWhiteHart and

eighteen

acres, the

39 ST. GILES’ S'

HOSPITAL .

pensions, to the said church and rec tory b elonging ; wh ich saidmanors,and other premises so given and granted , extend to the value of twenty - seven

'

pounds sterling. To hold to the most i ll ustrious lord the king, his heirs and

successors for ever : and moreover the said master .of Burton, keeper or

warden of the hosp ital aforesaid, and brethren of the saidmanorof Felthamand:

Heston, and all the before rec ited premises, except as b efore excepted, —do

warrant to the said king, St e . and themagainst all people wi l l ever defend .

”

Dated Qd June, 28 Hen . VIII, and sealed with the hosp ital seal of Burton .

The church of Feltham, reserved in th is exchange, was one of the earliest

gifts to the hosp ital ; the manor, wh ich was a later donat ion , and given byearl Baldwin, ranked amongst its most valuab le possessions. Of the hospital

estates at Edmonton in the c ity of L ondon ; and the various parishes in its

suburbs, noment ion ismade these, therefore, st i l l cont inued to the hospital ,aswell as the original endowment ; but whether suffic ient to maintain the

accustomed numb er of lepers does not appear. In St . Giles’

s parish the

quantity of acres mentioned to b e transferred, amounts to forty—eight , exc lu ~

siv ely of themarsh land and Rose c loses, and the severalmessuages enumerated .

These comprehended great part of the hospital possessions in its own parish ,and had been the gifts of various charitab ly d isposed persons, ch iefly

parish ioners, frombefore the reign of Henry II to that of Edward III ; a periodwhen the

'

large c loses, here described as pasture, were divided into numerousgardens and residences, the property of the d ifferent individualswho occupied

them. There are omitted, — the hosp ital and its site ; themanor of St . G i lesthe Pitaunce Croft ; L e Lane ; Newland , and some lesser p laces. By th is

exchange, the hospital possessions expressly ment ioned therein, were for ever

separated fromthe rest , and vested in the king ; consequent ly no part of

themis to b e understood ashaving passed with the hosp ital by any subsequent

grant .

The transfer of so large a port ion of the hospital property , forwhich , asb efore observed, it received no equivalent , could only b e c onsidered as a pre

paratory step to its desolat ion. It may therefore b e then said, to haveant ic ipated the general fate that awaited the other religious and charitab leestab l ishments of the land . Two years after th isperiod, during wh ich t ime itappears to have remained unmolested, that great event in Engl ish h istory , thesuppression ofmonasteries, took place, and completed its ruin with the rest .The hosp ital of Burton St . Lazar, with its dependant cell of St. Giles

’

s

hospital, was d issolved anno 1539 .

GRANT OF— BY HENRY VIII ‘TO‘

LORD L ISLE.

'

Its h istory since, to 1547, when the site of the hospital and its appen

dages,were parcelled out to various possessors, is short

As it required no separate deed of surrender in resigning the hospital into

the king’

s lhands (it being inc luded in that of Burton St. Lazar), someinformat ion is lost wh ich - it might have b een gratify ing to know, namely ; as

to the number of officers, St e. then on the foundat ion, who (if not lepers)wou ld have been required to sign such deed . That the estab lishment wasmuch reduced , there is little doub t fromseveral c ircumstances b efore stated .

Henry , kept the hospital, and its prec incts, six years in his own possession

(ash e retained, for a length of time, .those of St . John of Jerusalem, St . Bartbo

lomew, and others, apparently fromtheir nearness and in 1545 ,

b estowed it on lord L isle, together with Burton St . L azar, by the following

grant . Rent to the crown, 4 1. 6s. 3d .

The king, to all to whom, 850 . Be it known, That we, in considerat ion of the good, true, faithful, and acceptab le counsel and serv ices to us, by

our beloved counsellor John Dudley , knight of the most nob le order of the

Acc ordingly ,meithei' Tonstal, in the

reign of Henry VIII, nor the Book of

Chauntries, in that of his son, take anynotice of St . Giles

’

sHospital . Male . Lond’

Red . III, p . 485.

Rex omnibgad quos, Ste . Sciatis qd

nos in considerac’

oe boni veri fidelis St ao

ceptabilis consilijet s’

vcijnob’

p dilEmcon

silliaimnimJohé’mDud ley p nob ilis ordinisGartrij mil itemv icecomitemL isle magm

'

i

admirallumAnglic ante hec tempora faet’

et

3 pm {M Limpens de gia nia spal i ac ex

’

c ta

36 Hen III, sciencia etmeromo tu niis DediB ot. 94. rmus St concessrm’ de p p sentes

dam’et concidim’

eidmJoh iDud ley Vicecomiti L isle totumnup Hospitale de Burton8831Lazari al ias d ic t ’ Hospi tale SEi Lazari deBurton cumsuis juribgmembris et p

’

tinen’

univ’

sis in Com’ni'o L eye

’modo d issolut’ acinmanib ; nilsjamexistent' ac totumnup

’

Hospitale SéiEgidij in Camp is ex" Barras

London cumsuis juribgmembris St p t’m

univ’

sis in Com’nio Mydd

’

similimodo disso lutii an inmanibgniisjamexisten’

, St e.

Necnon totamRectoriamniamet ecc liz'

im

nFamde Feltham. eumsuis juribg et p’

tin’

univ’

sisin Com’nr

'

o Midd’

de‘

o nup Hospitali

de Burton pde’

a dudumspec tan’

8L ptinen

ac pcell possessiom'

i inde ex isten’et advo

catio’

emdonaeo’

eml ih’

amdisposieo’

em“SE

jus p’aatus vicarie paroch ial isde Fel thamin

dco nro Midd’

dEo Com’nup

’ Hospitale deBurton p

'deadadamspec tan’

Sc p’

tinen’

, 8Lc .

Ac eeiamofiiia 8L singula suaman’iames

suagia rec torias eeeiias,St e . (int. al ia) in

pooh seiEgidijin Campis ex‘ Barras Lon

don et in Ho lborn Fel tham"

et Edelmeton indco Com’

nro'

Midd ’

ac in C ivitate Londonet al ib i ubicumq, infra regm

’

rnimAngl ’ dEonup

’

Hospitale de Burton sei Lazari al iasd ie t’ Hospitale SEiLazari de Burton Ac deonup

’Hospitali SEi Egidij in Campis ex

‘

Barras London seu al ’ ti eorq’

demnup Hos

pitalifiquoquemodo spec tan’

v el p’

tinen’

aut

u t pcell possessionfi dci nup’

Hosp de Bur

ton p’

dEa et dci nup’

Hospitalis SEi Egidijin Campisseu al t

’ius eo’

qdemnup Hospitahfi

an te hac hit eogfii t accept’

usitat seureputat’

ex isten’

. Teste, 8Lc .

ST . GILES ’

S HO SPI TAL .

garter, Viscount L isle, and our great admiral' of England, before t ime doneand performed . Of ourspec ial grace,

‘

and of our certain knowledge andmeremotion, have given and granted, and by these presents do give and ‘

grant

unto the said‘

John Dudl ey Viscount L isle, all the late dissolved hospital of

Burton St . Lazar, otherwise cal led the hosp ital of Saint Lazarus of Burton ,

"

with all its rights, members and appurtenances, in our county of L eicester;lately d issolved, and in our hands nowb eing ; and all that the late hosp ital

of St . Giles in the Fieldswithout the bars of L ondon, with all its rights,members and appurtenances, in our county of Midd lesex , in likemannerdissolvedof late, and in our hands nowbeing, And also al l that our rectory and

church of Feltham, with all itsrights,members and appurtenances, in our saidcounty of Middlesex, to the late hospital of Burton aforesaid belonging and

appertaining, orb eing part orpossession thereof ; and the advowson, donation;free d isposition, and right of patronage, of the Vicarage of the parish of

Feltham, in our said county of Middlesex, of the possessions of the latehosp ital of Burton aforesaid, being, belonging and appertaining.

And also all and singular theirmanors,messuages, rectories, churches, &c .

(amongst others) in the parish of St . Giles in the Fields, without the bars of

L ondon and in Holbourne, Feltham, and Edmonton (Edelmeton,)in oursaid

county of Midd lesex, and in'

the city Qf L ondon and elsewhere, and wheresoeverWith in ourkingdomof England , to the said late hosp ital of Burton St .L azarus,

otherwise the hosp ital of Burton St . L azar, and of the said late hosp ital of

St. Giles in the Fields, without the barsof L ondon, or either of the same latehosp itals in anywise belonging or appertaining ; or as parce l or possession of

the said late hospital of Burton aforesaid, and the said late hospital of St . Gi les

in the Fields, or either of the said late hosp itals heretofore possessed, known,

accepted, used, or reputed to b elong.

”

L ord L isle, on receiving th is grant of the hospital , fitted up the princ ipal

part of the building asa residence forh imself, and leased various subordinate

parts of the structure out to different tenants, aswell as port ions of the adjoining

ground;

By th is grant all the possessions of parish of St . Giles. Also of the church of

the hospital of St . Giles (no t expresslymen Fel tham, and lands at Edmonton, and of the

tioned in the exchange with the king)were several rent- charges and hereditaments in thev ested in lord L isle . They Consisted of the c i ty of London, and the sub urbs thereof, andhospital , its site and gardens ; the church in the fields o fWestminster, and at Charing ;andmanoro f St . Giles the Pitaunce Croft ; as described in the account of the hospitalNewland ; Le Lane, and other lands in the possessions, Chap . IV.

L ICENCETO LORD .L ISLETO CONVEY

I

HOSPITAL .

ground, gardens, &c . and having dwelt there two years, ob tained the king’s

l icence to convey the whole of the premises to JohnWymonde Carewe, Esq .

as fo l lows“The king, to all to whom, 860 . greeting. Know ye, that we of our

spec ial grace, and in considerat ion of the sumof seven pounds and sixteen

sh ill ings paid to us in our hanaper, do grant and give licence, and by these

presents have granted and given licence, forus and ourheirs, asmuch as in us

l ies, unto our beloved John Dudley , knight of our order of the garter,

Viscount L isle, and ourGreat Admiral ofEngland, to grant and sell, dispose

(31

)Among the records in the Lord Trea

surer’

s Remembrancer’s office, in the Ex5 Pm in“, chequer, to wit, in the fifth part

38 Herin

51III o f the originals o f the th irtyR0 1 105

eigh th yearof the reign of kingHenry theEigh th, Ro l l CV, is contained asfol lows ; that is to say ,

Midd’

. Rex omnib ; ac t quos, St e . Salimqd nos de Gia spal i ac p suma septemlibrarq et sexdecemsolidor nob

’

salutis in

Hanapio n'

i'o consessimim’e t licentiumde

d imsa p p

‘sentes concedims 8L l icenc iam

dam“ p nob’

et heredib; h iis quantumin

nob’

est dilco nob’ Joh i Dud ley ordinis nii

Gatrij mil it i v ieecomite Lyslij 8L magnoadmirallo n

'Eo Angl’

qd ipe totamsuammansionemplaceamsive capitalemDomu‘

nup’

doms dissolut’ Hospitalis SEiEgidij inCampis seituat

’

e t existen’

in parochia SEiEgidij in Campis in Com

’ Midd ’

Ac oiiiia

i l la domoredifieia orrea gardina stabula 8c

ponica sua p’

tinencia pdce capital i placeesive Hospital i ac unii c lausumjac en’

ante

magnus portus ejusdemnup Hospitalis c on

tinensp estimaco’

emsexdeeemacras tie cumomibg 8L singulis suis p

’

t inen’

que nup'

sunt

v el fuerunt 111 tenu1a 11sive oecupaco’

e Thomemagnus e lici Necnon unu aliu messuagiuparcel l si tus -nup dci Hospitalis una cumpomerijs 8L gardinis eid

’mmessuagio p t’

inen

sive adjacen’

existen’

in pdEa parochia SEiEgidijnap in tenura sive occupac

'

oe Doe

toris Borde Ac unamc lausi sive c lausumjacen’ infra p

’dic t p’

einc t die t’ nup Hospi

of,

tal is vulgarit vocat’

le Po le C lose Ac and

911111 c lausumvocat le Newlond continen’

pestimaco’

emv igintiacrasac unamaliapeciamtie vocat ’ le Lane nup in tenura sive ocen

pac’

oe GeorgijSutton Gen’

oso Ac um'

i alii'

i

messuagii‘

i ac pomar’

8L gardinfi eidmmessuagio adjacen

’

sive p’

tinen parcel l sc it’

de'

i

nup Hospitalis nup’

in’

tenurae sive ocen

pac’oe cujusd

“mMagil Derrsy le et quondamin tenura eujusd

“mMngiiWyn ter jacen’

et

ex isten’ infra pred’

eamparochiamSEiEgidijque de nob

’tenent

r in Capite Dara possit8c concede vendere t

’

dere drinitte del ibarealienamaut

’

cognosce p finemin Cur’ niac oramjustic ’

h iis de CéiBaneo seu aliquo

modo quoqunq3 ad l ib itumipius JohisWymodde CareweArmig" Habend

’

et ten c idinWymohdo heredib; e t assign’

suis de nob’

et heredibg niis p s’

vic ia inde deb ita 8L dejure consueta imp

’

p“mEt eidmWymondo

qd ip e pd’

cammansionemdomos edifieia

gardina stabu la pomia elausuris ti‘e 8L singulap'missa que qumq3 cump

’

tin‘a prefato Johe

rec ipe possit 8L tenere sib i et heredib; suisde nob

’

e t hered’

niis p'dcis p s

’

vicia pd’

ca

sicut pdemest imp‘

p'mtenore p'seniffrsimilit

l icenc iamded imusac damusspa’

lemNolentesq d p

'fatis Job is v el hered essui aut p'fatusWymondus v el heredes suip nos v el heredes

niis Justic’

escaetores vice comitiant al iaBallivos seu Ministros h ios v el hered

’

nior

quocumq3 inde oc conetermolestant ' impe~tant

r in aliquo seu q" v entorMaeaiusrei, St e .

Teste R apudWestm’

vjdie Julij.F 2

Occupants of

hosp . afterits

dissolution.

Dr. AndrewBorde, &c.

Reflections

on its fall .

S T. GILES’ S'

HO SPI TAL .

o'

f, alienate or'

acknowledge by fine in our court,b efore our justices of our

common bench, or. in -

'

any manner whatsoever at his p leasure, unto JohnWymonde Carewe, Esq . all that hismansion, p lace or cap ital house, late the

house of the d issolved hosp ital of St. Giles in the.

Fields, in the coun ty of

Midd lesex, and all those houses,~

edifices, gardens, stab les and orchards

pertaining to the said cap ital p lace or hosp ital and one c lose ly ing before the

great gate of the same late hosp ital, containing sixteen acres of land, with all

and singular its appurtenances, wh ich are or late were in the tenure or ocen

pation of ThomasMagnus, c lerk also one othermessuage, part of the site of

the said late hosp ital, with the orchard and garden to the same messuagepertaining or adjoining, being in the

'

parish of St . Giles, late in the tenure or

occupat ion of Dr. Borde ; and one c lose or inclosure ly ing within the said

prec inct of the said late hospital , commonly called the Pool Close ; and one

other c lose, cal led the_Newland (Le Neweland, ) containing by estimation

twenty acres ; and one otherp iece of land, called L e L ane, late in the tenure

or occupation‘

of George Sutton, gentleman ; and one othermessuage and

orchard and garden to the samemessuage adjoining or pertaining, parcel of

the site of the said late hosp ital, late in the tenure or occupat ion of one

MasterD ensyle, and late in the tenure of one MasterWynter, ly ing and beingwith in the said parish of St . Giles, and held of usin capite To hold, &c . to the

sameWymonde, hisheirs and assigns, of us our heirs and suc cessors for ever,by the services thence due and of right accustomed ; and that he the saidWymonde Carewe, the saidmansion, houses, edifices, gardens, stab les, orchards,c loses of land, and all and singular the premiseswhatsoever, with their appurtenances, may of thesaid John receive, and hold of himand his heirs fromus

and our heirs as aforesaid, by the said services for ever, according to the tenor

of these presents, and in the samemanner aswe give and grant th is our spec ial

licence forb idding the said John orhisheirs, orthe saidWymonde orhisheirs,On account of us or

'

our heirs, orby our just ices, escheators, sheriffs, or other

our bailiffs orministers whatsoever, to b e thence or on that account in any

way obstruc ted, molested, assaul ted or h indered . Witness, the king _atWestminster, July 6, 15417, (38th of hisreign .)Thus fell the hospital of St . Giles! a charity of royal foundation, esta

b lished for beneficent purposes, and wh ich , partaking neither of the super

stition‘

nor vices commonly imputed tomonasteries,might have been cont inued

to posterity with advantage, but for the rapac ity of a monarch, whosedesire

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

38" f St G ILES’S H OSPITAL ; ; l

Succeeding chapters. Previously to entering, however, upon these subjects;itmay b e righ t to subjoin a short not ice of the custom, almost pecul iar to thishosp ital,cal led; the

'

St .'

Giles’

s Bowl,” ment ioned by

’

variouswriters.

A L ist and Summary of the hosp ital p ossessions, particulaiiy in St . Giles’

s

parish, will be found in Chap . IV.

PECUL I’

AR CUSTOM .

On the°

remdva1of thegallows'

frorn theelms in Smithfield, before 1418, theywere erected at the north end of the garden wall belonging to th is hospital,opposite to the place where the Pound afterwards stood b etween theends of

St .i

Giles’

s High -street and Hog- lane,'

ou wh ich spot it continued "t i l l its

removal to TyburnQ The condemned criminals, on theirwayto th is, the placeof execution , usual ly stopped at theh ospital great gate, where they ,

‘

as their

last refreshment in this life, werepresentedwith a large bowl of ale; whence

the name of the Saint Giles’s bowl .” Or, as the‘

customismore quaint lynarrated by Burton, in his L eicestersh ire At the hosp ital of Saint Giles

in the Fields, without the bar of the Old Temple London, and the Domus‘

Conv ersorum, now the Rolls, the prisoners conveyed fromthe c ity of London

towards Teybourne, there to be executed for treasons, felonies,'

or other

trespasses, were presentedwith a great b owle of ale, thereof to drinke at their

pleasure, as to be their last refresh ing in this l ife. (34)

Stowe’

s‘f Survaie, Ste . forleaving his l iquor: had he stopped ,

(34

)A similarcustom, observes Mr. Pen usual, his reprieve,wh ich was ac tual ly on the

nant , in ,h is account o f London, ob tained road, would have arrived time enough to

antieritly at York ; which gave rise to the have saved him.

say ing that the sad lero f Bawtry was hanged

I T S GOVERNMENT— O FFIC‘E‘

RS, Sac .

C H A P. II .

Of the Government of H osp ital with L ist and Account Qf Masters, Custodes,

(fire. and Particulars as to otherOfi cers on the Establishment ; theirNumber,Nature, D uties, (g

‘

c.

THEgovernment of the hosp ital , and the controul andmanagement of itsestates and property , were vested in .amaster orwarden, and other officers,with whomwere assoc iated a certain number of sound or healthy brethren, and

subsequently sisters, as also in certain cases the lepers themselves. Theyassemb led in chapter, had a common seal, and held courts as lords of themanorof St . Giles. As checks overany abuse of powerwh ich thesemight exercise,part icularly in the d isposal of the hosp ital estates, there were early appo inted

a sort of overseers erguardians, called custodes, who did not reside l ike the

otherswith in the hospital , but were generally c itizens of the first eminence.

The following are such particu lars of each as are furnished by exist ingrecords

MASTERS onWARDENS.— Tll e foundation charter of Matilda only appointed

a chap lain, c lerlr, and messenger (valettum,) to preside over the hospital,and accord ingly , the titles

‘

of custos andmagister, do not oc cur unt il several

years afterwards. The first person calledmaster, in old writ ings, is“Dom‘

Willielm‘

Capell anus,”

anno 12 12 (13 k. John,)whose name isment ioned ina deed of prior date as custos, orkeeper only , though fil l ing then the situation

of superior of the hosp ital . After himthe heads of the estab lishment, whost ill cont inued for a considerab le t ime to be chaplains orecc lesiastics, are

invariablyAt the early period when the hospital

was founded,the leperswere '

sulfered to go

abroad to beg, (see note, p . and probab ly

did no t on that acc ountwant a greater numb er of superintendents.

The‘master, as a c lergyman, occasion

al ly held o thersi tuations b esides t hemastership of St . Giles

’

s house. Roger de SEQ

An tonio, one of them, derived his sirnamefrombeing rec torof the church o f St . An

thony ,”at tached to the hospital o f that name

in ThreadueedIe- street . And ano thermaster,Dfius R

‘

ogerus dc C lare, held, toge therwi thhis mastership, the Vicarage of Hampton .

See p. 42 .

39

Receiver.

Messenger.

Brothers and

sisters.

ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL .

invariab ly sty led“Masters of St. Giles.

” Next in authority to the masterappears to have been the

CLERK, as he is termed in the foundation charter alluded to, who was

probab ly the same officer, subsequently cal led procurator.

”The duty of

the procurator orproctor, was to collect the'

donations of charitab ly disposed

persons, (3

) and to regulate the expenditure and concerns of the charitygenerally . He also in after- times acted asattorney or solic itor to the hospital ,and on a vacancy in themastersh ip, appears frequent ly to have exercised that

office unti l a new appointment wasmade . Several personswho came to b emasters, are previously noticed as having b een procurators orproctors to theestab lishment .RECEIVER Receptor, an officerso termed , ismentioned in several of the

ant ient deeds, who, if the proctors did not hold that situation with their own ,

wh ich seems uncertain, were persons appointed as the hospital estatesand pro

perty began to increase, to receive the rents, and adjust the accounts. See p . 413 .

MESSENGER Unii v aletti'

i,”

appointed by the foundation charter, seemsto have been a

‘

subordinate officeranswering th is descript ion. In some deedsalso, among the subscrib ingwitnesses, serv ientfi hosp p

'

diet ismentioned .

Queery , if the same.

BROTHERS AND Sisrnns.— These, in all pub lic acts and grants affecting the

general interests, shared the government with themaster. They included the

officers just spec ified and others, and were distinguished (the former at least)by the termsound, or healthy brethren (f ratris sanis) . The sisters

'

were

probab ly a sort of matrons or nurses, and were likewise assoc iated with

themin the management . These are described variousways in the deeds to

wh ich they are part ies, as Frat’Hospit

’sEiEgidij Fratris et sororibus

hosp sEiEgidij and sometimesas the brothers and sisters of themonasteryof St . Giles,

”and the conven t of St . Giles.

”— It is to be understood, how

ever, that b equestswere onlymade to themin trust for the infirm; and that

theirmanagementwas to b e d irected forthe latter’

s b enefit, or, asit is expressed

in some of the records, for the proper‘

usesof the said hospital and that

theywere on ly the officersand guardiansof the lepers, and could not appropriateany

(3

) See no te, p . 5. and the same numb erof sisters, had thejointIn St .Bartholomew’

sHospi tal , Smith custody and care o f the foundation,wi th thefield, which though no t for lepers, was a masterand other officers.similarkind of charity , fourof the brothers,

I TS GOVERNMENT— OFF ICERS, 850 .

any gift made to the charity to their own exclusive use, unless so specified.

Accordingly , in some of the grants, the donation isstated to bemade to the

master, and brothers and sisters of the infirm,” (i. e. to the officers and attend

ants of the lepers,)where it is intended for their separate use,which wasocca

sionally the case ; but in others it isment ioned as being given ad irifirmorumsEiEgidij.

”— It isworthy of remark also,“

that where the latter formof

gift occurs, the infirm brethren”only are named , and never sisters,

” wh ich

shews that these femaleswere not diseased persons admitted into the hosp ital ,butmerely matrons ornurses, as stated In some leases, the infirm”

are expressly named as part ieswith the above. The custodes always consent

to transfersof the hosp ital property in deeds of an early date.

'

CusT0DEs.— Of these officers, who it has been-

noticed were in general the

most eminent c itizens, includ ing several of themayors, sheriffs, Ste. the origin

is not ment ioned, but they do not appear to have formed part of the original

estab lishment . They somet imes (probab ly during vacancies in themastersh ip)not only assumed the powers of masters, but the t itle itself . An instance of

th isoccurs in one of the deeds, wh ich states, that the Q

brothers and sisters

grant, with the consent of Thomas de Hav’rell (Hardel l)andWilliamHarv ile,

theirmasters (Tho’

,

de Hav’rell etWill ’ H amil mag’

rorfiror). See further as

to themin the list ofmasters, Ste. which follows.

These were the principal persons to whomwas committed the custody andcare of the

'

hospital of St . Giles, previously to its'

u

'

nion with Burton . Theywere either reduced or abol ished subsequently to that event, being in no

instancementioned afterwards. We proceed to give a chronological list and

account of themasters, wardens, Scc . and shal l subjoin, as a conc lusion to th is

chapter, such part iculars of the other persons connected with the estab lishment, as have beenmet with

(5) At themotherhospital of Burton there number, and were assoc iated wi th certain of

were no sisters, nor is anymentionmade of the poor leprous brethren . In deeds of

themat St. Giles after its transfer to that gift they are sty led, the heal thy brethrenhouse. There were at the former, however, dwel l ing at Burton,

”and f ratris sanis ap ud

in likemanner, brethren, not lepers, towhomBurton.

itsgovernment devolved . They were eigh t in

Custodes.

412 ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL .

WARDENS AND MASTERS OF ST. GILES’

S HOSPITAL ,

Fromits first foundation, anno 1 101 , to its becommg a cell to BurtonSt .Lazar,

L eicestersh .

Johannes Cap ellanus.

Anno 1 101 . Chaplain of the original orparochial church , wasprobab ly thefirst warden of St . Giles. As the charter of Henry IImentions the hospital tohave been founded ubi Johannes bonzememorimfuit Capellanus.”

Ralp h, son of Ade,

Anno 1186,— Is described aswarden in a deed of th is date, towhich himselfand brethren, and the priorand brethren of the hospital of St . John of Jerusal em,were part ies, assuring the latterin possession of an estate in St . Giles

’s parish,

called Cotterell Garden, on payment of Os. perannumto the hospital towhich

deed one Stephen, the son of Toka de Crupelegate, isalso aparty, asprocurator

of St . Giles.

D om’Willielm‘ Cap ellan‘Magister.

Anno 12 12 .— Th is is

”

the first person on record who oc curs under the t itle

ofmaster, being so named in a deed, dated the 13th of k. John. In a deed of

apriordate he is cal led custos, orkeeper. Afterhim

THEFOLLOWING PERSONS, HIS SUCCESSORS, AREALL CALLEDMASTERS.

D omsRageras de Clare,

Anno 1223, -Who wasmaster nearly ab out this period, is not termed as theformer “

cap ellanus,”

or chaplain ; though , fromthe “ Sir”

prefixed to his

name, he was evidently an ecclesiastic , and is in one of the deeds termedvicar of Hampton.

”During his mastership the first mention ismade of

custodes, orguardians, apparently a kind of overseers of the charity . The

following are the twowho served in his time, VIZ .

Cus'ronss.

MASTERS— CUSTODES,’

St e.

Cusronns.

Andrea) le Uclose.

Anno 1228 .

Mentioned asmayorof Londonin the deed in which his nameoccurs, but probab ly only custos

or keeper of the c ity during a

vacancy in the office of mayor,as his name is not inserted in

the list of mayors. — Strype’s

Stowe, Maitland, St e.

Dom‘Wal terusCap ellanuseAnno 1230, Scc .

— There -

appears to have been two masters of th is name;who held the office at the distance of half a century from‘

each“

other, and‘

are

both sty led capellanus.” The present one, who was the first , is in deeds of

a prior date to the above termed receptor,”then rectorihosp sciEgidij,

afterwards cc -magr,” and lastly,“magister all of wh ich s1tuations lie

seems to have filled in succession. With himserved as custodes, Andrew

Bockerell, last -ment ioned ; and also;

Cusronns. CUs'ronns.WilliamH ardell.

Anno 1280. Anno 1230}Thomas de H‘

arvil, orHarvyle,

is sty led in one deed which hewitnesses, scutar Reg.

”and

appears to have been one of the

officers of the l oyal househo ld .

OneWi l l iamde Harvy lle (pro

bab ly'

his ancestor) served as

sheriff o f London anno 1 190 .

Wi l l iamHardel l'

was sherifi‘

of

London in the year 1 20 7, and

occurs as a withess in a great

number of the hospital grants; aswel l as his assoc iate ThomasHar

vy le. In 1 2 15 he was”may or of

London, as wasRichard'

Hardell

(possibly his son) from1 254 to

1 258.

Magr.Willmo deKirkes,Anno 1253, -Was procurator anno 1216, and master

,as above» He 'does

not appear, to ,

1have been an ecclesiastic . The custodeswith himwere,

Cusronns.

AnnoSherifi

'

of London in the‘

year

1 2 23, (the period above-mentioned,)andma’

yor'

of London fromthe year 1 232 to the year 1 237.

He was of an eminent family inthe c ity , his relations, StephenBockerell and Thomas Bockerell,hav ing been sheriffs, one in 1 2 1 7,

the otherin 1 2 2 7 and 1 2 28.

ST. GILES ’S HO SPITAL .

Cusronns. Cus'ronris.Nicholas B at.

Anno Wasmayorof London in 1 2 53,

1253. and the same year c ustode of thehospital “ He appears (indepen

dently of his office) to have beena man o f eminence jn the c ity ,though not d ist inguished in history . Gerard Bat, h is ancestor,

served the same office of mayoranno 1 240 .

Thomasdc Kirkeby .

Anno 1260.— Most probab ly followed the person afterwhomhe is placed

asmaster asThomas, but without the sirname, isment ioned asholding that

place, in deeds, near th is t ime. The only other notice relating to himoccurs in p leas, 47 Edw. III, about a house belonging to the hosp ital , wh ich is

there said tohave been re- built, “whil e Thomas de Kirkeby wasmaster.”The uncertainty of the date of his beginning his mastersh ip renders it impossib le to tel l who were custodeswith him.

D om=Willielm‘ Cap ellanus.

Anno —Is grantor asmaster, in a deed of this date, but seems to havesome time prev 10usly fil led that offic e, and was, like several of his predecessors,at one time chaplain of thehosp ital . Only one person isment ioned as custode

with him, v iz .WalterHenry , of whomsee an

.

account hereafter.

Anno l 271 .- Succeeded the above, before which t ime he had acted aspro

curator, viz . during the custoship of Harvy le and Harde ll , who appear to have

b een in that office at intervals formany years. He probab ly was an oldman,as the name of anothermaster occurs only seven years afterwards. The cus

todes, while he wasmaster, are not named .

Regeras Magr.

Anno 1278 .— A person thus described, but without any sirname, grants as

master certain of the hospital estates, in a deed of this date, with the consent

of the custode, Ste.

Cusrons .

Or,de Basinge, who was

,

also Annomayor o f London in 1 251 , was 1253.

of the great family of the Ba;

singes, who gave name to Basinghal l - street, wh ich was the site of

their town mansion . So lomonBasing wasmayor in 1 2 16

, and

Hugh Basing sheriff.

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‘

ST.

’

GILES’S HO SPITAL .

Frat’

Geqf ery- de Birston.

Anno 1993 .—One of the brothers of the house was this year constituted

master by Edward I, whose mandate states his appointment to have b eenmade in consequence of the dissent ions among the members of the estab lishment, which had prev iously existed . Before this t ime the masters seemto

have been elective

WilliamdeWetheresfeld .

Anno 1800.- The name ofWill iamdeWetheresfeld occurs in many of

the hosp ital deeds about th isperiod , asmaster, but. not as having filled anysubordinate ofice. There are no custodesment ioned with him.

THEFOLLOWING PERSONS AREONLY DESCRIBED AS

PROCURATORs

But probab ly filled up some of the Chasms in the Dates in the preceding L ist,asMasters.

Dnas Gerardus..

Anno 1 2 1 8.— An officerof the hospital, of Anno 1 2 23.

— Two persons of this name,this name, but without any other addition, but at some distance of t ime fromeach o ther,

occurs both as a grantor and witness to grant as procurators. The present one, fromseveral deeds, ac tingwith the consent of the his tit le of D ominus, wasprobab ly an ecc lebrothers, 8m. siastic .

Cus'ronns. Cusronss.

Harvy le and H ardell, as b efore. As before, Hardell and B ockerell.

Gerard

Anno 1 279 .,

—Of this second Gerard, no

other notice appears among the records, butthat of his simply signing as procurator,

among otherwitnesses.

With both these last personsMASTERS

(7

)N.B .— AGalfridusde Briston, orBirs~ king

’

s let ters of protec tion, 6th Jafiry 1369 ,

ton, (quaere, if this person ora descendant?) Pat . 43,Edw. III, p . 2 . See also Newcourt,being to go to parts beyond the seas, had the vol . II, p . 61 1 .

Robert de Stap ul.

Anno 1 287.— Though placed here as pro

curator, it is not c ertain, that such was the

office thisRobert held, sinc e he grantswi ththe b rothers and sisters, wi thout his office

beingmentioned .

no Custodes are,mentioned

PROCURATORS, 8m.

MASTERS OF BURTON ST. LAZAR, 8LWARDENS OF ST. GILES,

Fromthe Year 1354, when the Grant wasmade by KingEdward Il I, '

to the

D issolution, anno 1539.

Brother Richard L eghton .

Anno l S54«.— The firstmaster of Burton, who wasalso warden of St . Giles ;to whomK.Edward III granted the custody of the latter, in consideration of

hisremitting an annuity , due fromthe crown, of 40marks perann

BrotherJohn Crysipn.

Anno 1358 .—Was the successor of the above. In his time a great disturb

ance having happened, in wh ich forc ib le possession was taken of St. Giles’s

hosp ital and its records, by persons apparently inimical to the transferjuststated ; the king, by hiswrit, directed inquiry to bemade, and the offenders

to be punished

Williamde Ty tnt .Between anno 1358 and 1373, succeeded John Cryspin, but in what yearis

uncertain.

Frere Hugh Michel.

Anno 1873.— Sty led general commander of the hospital of St. Lazarus in

England, successor of the above.

William ThomasThese two masters, whose christian names

.

only arement ioned, occuramong the grants of St . Giles

’

s hospital . They held their office, the

one in 1375, the otherin 1376.

Robert Halliday .

Before anno 1380.— Succeeded the last named master, but in what

uncertain .

Frat’Willm’ de Croxton .

Anno 1380.— Exhib ited the several grants, by inspeximus, ‘

of difl'

erent

See the grant, chap. 1 , p. 17. (9

) Chap . 1 , p . 19 .

48 ST. GILES ’S HO SPITAL .

kings to St . Giles’s hosp ital , before the baronsof the Exchequer, this year, to

be enrolled, and wh ich was accordingly done .

Frat’Walterus de Lynton.

Anno 1402 .— The aboveWalter Lynton col lected, and caused to b e fairly

entered in a vel lumbook, all the charters, grants, &c . to St . Giles’

s hospital ,fromits foundat ion to this year, as has been stated — but whether he was

actually master at the t ime, is doubtful ; as in the year 1404, he was complainant

‘ in p leas held before the king’s just ices, touching the right of custody

of St . Giles’s hosp ital, according to the grant 27 Edw. III, in wh ich pleas it

is set forth, that the following persons had b een possessed of such custody

b efore, and during -

part of hismastersh ip, v iz

Bro' N ich s de D over.

Anrio 1387.— Formerly masterof Bur

ton, and successor to Br.Will iamde Croxton, was confirmed in the possession of

Saint Giles’s Hospital , anno 1 0 Ric . l l ,

agreeab ly to grant 2 7Edw. III. But it

b eing afterwards charged against him,that he had broken the foundation statutes,

by reduc ing the lepers, and improper admissions, he was d isplaced . And’

R ichard Clifibrd, Clh.

Anno 1 390 .— The same king Richard,

by other his let ters paten t, dated in the

1 3th of his reign, granted again to his

b eloved c lerk, Richard C l ifford , (afterwards b ishop ofWorcester,)the custody

of Burton, as wel l as St . Giles, to ho ldduring l ife. And subsequently , v iz .

Anno 1431 .—SucceededWalter

,de Lynton, or at least wasmast er in

that yearFrat

’

In 1431 , an agreement was entered dcn of Saint Giles (intermob ilemDominuminto b etween themasterof Burton and war Galfridum Shrigley mil item, magister de

Burton

J72 " Macclesfield , Cllr.

Anno 1389 .— By other letterspatent,

dated 1 2 Ric . II, the king did give and

grant unto his bel oved c lerk, John Mac

c lesfield, the aforesaid hospi tal of St .Giles,described in said grant as being then

vacant . To hold the custody thereof during l ife to the said John Macc lesfield

,

with reversion to his heirs. But after

said John’

s death

Abbot of TowerH ill.i

Anno 139 2 2 sui the sameking Richard, by otherhis letters patent,(in consideration of the remission o f an an

uni ty of 1 1 0 marks'

due fromthe crown,)

gave said hospital and the advocationthereof

,with the church within said hos

pital of St. Giles. To hold to said abbot,to the inj ury of saidWal ter.

PROCURATOR S, Sec .

Frat’Willm’ Sutton .

Anno 1 1161 .— Masterof Burton, andWarden of St. Giles, ismentioned in a

c lause of an act of resumpt ion, 1 Edw. IV.

George Sutton.

Anno 1491 .— Appears to have beenmasterafter the aboveWilliamSutton,

and fromthe coinc idence of names,might have been related to him. His

successorwas

ThomasHarringwold .

Anno —Ofwhomwefind no part iculars but the name. Succeeded by

SirThomas Norton,Kn'.

Anno 1508.— The onlymemorial wemeet with concerning him, is the deed

of sal e of the “ Goate on the Hope,”

(one of the hospital estates) not iced

p 98

Bro’ Thomas Ratclifi'

e.

Anno 1537.—Who, asmaster, this yearmade an exchange (probab ly com

pulsory)with Henry VIII, ofmost of the hosp ital estates ; and wh ich, after

the dissolution , v iz . anno 1545 , the king again granted (int. al’

) to L d Visc‘.

L isle, as also the Hosp of St . Giles itself. See p. 33.

FURTHER

Burton Sanc ti Lazari Jerusalemac custodemNichols Leicestersh . II. p . 272 . And see

HospitijSanc tiEgidij)concernin‘

g the ty thes furtheras to th is,in Hist . Parish .

of the manor of B loomsb ury (Blemundes Surv ey of London, p . 414. And see

bury), in parochia Hospitij predic ti.”

Nichols L eicestersh . art . Burton St . Lazar.

At the disso lution, the hosp i tal of Burton St . Lazarwas rated at the c lear yearlyv alue of £ 265. 1 0 3. 2 114 1.

Burton M'c t Fratres Temporalibus

St . Lazari habent in Dominicalibus

Summa f . 145 5 7

In 1553, here remained in charge in annuit ies, and the fol lowing pensions, viz .

To Robert Cockle, c lerk ToWil l iamProwdloeTo John Frankysse 4. To ThomasAnaset 2 .

H

49

ST. GILES'S HOSPI TA L .

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS AS TO GOVERNMENT OF HOSPITAL .

In theirmore important transac t ions, themaster, brothers and sisters, appearalways to have deliberated in full chap ter, in themanner of the regularmonasteries, and to have possessed all the usual corporate funct ions of those estab lish

ments. Their deeds are stated to be sealed cumsigillumcommune hospit ’

predict,”the common seal of the said hosp ital, or, as it is sometimes termed, the

common seal of the said convent. And their consequence is evinced by their

holding courts, and exerc ising manorial rights with in their jurisdiction

all payments of rents and pecuniary acknowledgments b eing d irected in theirseveral g rants to be made at the court of the said hospital ,

”

(curie p’dici

And tenants hold ing by service of bodily labour and other servile

tenures, are to rendersuch services to the saidmaster, brothers and sisters, aslords of thefee (di

’ii feodi).

Of the lesserpersons'

on the establishment, or servants properly so called,the foundat ion statutes, as just observed, name but the one, termed valettum,whose prec ise office it is difficult to d ivine . That a single domestic musthave b een of l ittle use to wait on so many diseased persons, is evident ;the servant h ére appointed was probab ly , therefore, not only amessenger,but a sort of housekeeper or bursar, and had menials under him, who

did « the inferior business o f the house. A proof of th is is, that one of

the hospital grants expressly mention a cook, as belonging to it —the

master, : and brothers and sisters, having leased, 14« Edward II, to Richard ,the cook of the said hosp ital, and his wife Mat ilda, two shops in Holborn .

”

And if a cook, it, no‘

doubt , had itsporteror janitor, gardener, and other ser

vants, aswasusual in similarfrat ernities. Willielmo le Cordwan s’

v ient sokones

dEa p ossib ly one of these menials, occurs as awitness to one of the

hospital deeds in the reign of John ; as do othernames under the descript ionof s

’viente p

’dca hospitalis.

—Fromthese h ints, andwhat has been before

said, some estimatemay b e formed of'

the extent and nature of th is charityin itsflourish ing state . Its unionwith Burton probab lymade great alterations,and account forits havmgmuch dwindl ed previously to its dissolution.

HOSPITAL BUILD ING S, CHURCH, &c .

C H A P. III.

HOSPITAL BUILDINGS, CHURCH,&c .

Account of the H osp ital Site andt Buildings; viz . H osp ital Mansion; Gate

house, Chap ter- house, Cloisters, age. the H osp ital Church, its Altars and

Chap els, and its Anniversary Obits and Priests. Particulars as‘

to t he

H osp ital Gardens, Closes,Walls, (3c . with Plan.

THEsite of the hospitalwas the site of the original parochial churchwhich

stood here, asis evident fromthewordsof K. Henry the second’scharter

"

; whi'

ch

expressly state it to have been founded, “ubi Johannes

'

bonaememorize fuitcapellanus,

”upon the spot where John of good memory .was chaplain.

The ground, wh ich was original ly crown land, was given (together with the

manor of St . Giles) by the royal foundress, and consisted, according to popeAlexander’s bul l , of eight acres ; upon wh ich, says L eland, the queen

caused to b e built “a house (i . e. a principalmansion)with an oratory (chapel)

and oj ices.

” That these buildings, at first fewand small, ‘were afterwards in

creased and enlarged, aswell as the hospital boundaries,when the charity added

to its revenues, there seems no doub t . But what the alterat ionswere, at th isdistance of time can only be conjectured.

The grant of the hospital, by HenryVIII to lord L isle, simply describesit as

'“All that the late dissolved hospital of St .G iles in the Fields, without thebars of L ondon,with its appurtenances, 860 . lately dissolved .

”But his licence

to that nob leman to convey the same toWymond Carew, contains a descript ion

of part of these premises, suffic iently detai led to afford almost every informationthat can be desired. They are thus part iculariz ed

Al l thatmansion, place, or cap ital house, late the house of the dissolved

hopital of St . Giles in the Fields — and all those houses, gardens, stables andorchards to the same belonging ; and one othermessuage (parcel of the siteof the said late hosp ital,)and the orchard and garden to the same belonging

and

See chart. Hen . II, chap . I, p . 6. See chap. I, p . 9 .

51

Hospital site.

Gate house.

ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL .

and adjoining, late in the tenure Of Dr. Borde — and one othermessuage, andorchard and garden, to the same adjoining or belonging (parcel of the site of

the said late hospitaL) late in the tenure or occupat ion Of oneMasterD ensyll,

and since Of one MasterWinter — also one c lose or inc losure, lying with in the

p recinct of the said late hospital, commonly cal led Le Pole C lose ; and one

c lose ly ing before the great gate of the same hosp ital , contain ing by estimat ionsixteen acres, with their appurtenances, late in the occupation of ThomasMagnus, clerk -also one otherc lose call edNewland, containing by estimat iontwenty acres — and one other p iece Of land called L e Lane, late in the

occupation of George Sutton, gentleman .

Fromthe foregoing enumeration,we learn, that the hosp ital buil dingswerenearly of a similar descript ion at the foundat ion and d issolution, and consisted

of a‘

princ ipal building, or the hospital properly so called , probab ly devoted to

the sole residence Of the lepersand their attendants, 860:constituting its chief

part , denominated the CAPITAL PLACEOR MANSION HOUSE.

”

A GREAT GATE, orgate- house, common to all estab lishments of this kind,

and wh ich probab ly contained a porter’s lodge, and other chambers.

Various subordinate erect ions, particularized as themessuage and pre

occupied by Dr. Borde those by D ensyll andWinter, and most l ikelynumerous lesser buildings, wh ich are only mentioned in the grant as

“ the

HOUSES, STABLEs, to the same belonging.

”In addit ion to those, were

The CHURCH andWAL L S, wh ich are notmentioned in the grant (the formerremaining to the parish ,) but wh ich were also prominent features among the

hosp ital buildings ; and fromthe before- noticed deeds, we learn, that a

CHAPTER HOUSEwas one of itsappendages, (3

)and if so, there is l ittle doub tbut the hospital had CL OISTERS, and all the otherparts Of a regularmonastery :

THECAPITAL PLACEOR MANSION HOUSE

Stood nearly in a paral lel d irect ion with the present church, butmore to thewestward, and was converted into a residence by lord L isle, and inh

'

abited‘

byhimself, and afterwards by the famous Alice duchess Dudl ey ,

'

whowas b liriedtherefromin 1669 ; soon afterwhich period it was inhab ited by LordWharton,

and

(3) Several of the deeds are said to b e assensu capitulo Reddendo in c ur

’

Dat’in cap

’

lo nio Hospitalis p’

dc i . In ni’

o SCiEgidij,”8cc .

others occur the expressions, Cumunit

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ST. G ILES’S HOSPI TAL .

exterior of the whole building, as it existed soon after the Dissolution, and is

preserved in rude delineations of it,made near the time

S t Grles’

s H0 5p1tal ,A1) - 156°

(l f /ty /t Al l a/ h ”wit h :

ANNIVERSARY OBITS, PRIESTS, &c .

Cristemasse, anno 1200 (l st John,) gave by will to the hospital

(exc lusively Of a quit rent of 7d ., and also of 7 d . issuing frompremises in St .Giles

’s parish)the sum

‘

Of twelve pence annual ly (left by Alan Cristemasse, hisfather, forhis soul ’s health) toWalter, then procurator, towards ST . GILES’SL IGHT (ad luminare sC

’

iEgidij,)in the hosp ital church .

John de Garderoba, or John, wardrobe - keeper to Antony Bec , b ishop Of

Durham, granted, anno 1200, to the mast er, and brothers and sisters of

hosp ital, certain land, with fiv e cottages thereon, at Al dewy ch , in po'

ch sci

Egidij they Offering y early , by way of acknowledgment, one rose, upon thealtar of St . Giles, in theirhospital church .

OB ITS, PR IESTS, Sic . AT ITS CHURCH .

H enry , son (J'

Ailwin, (Citizen of London,)granted anno 1200, to God, and

the hospital of St. Giles, and to the brothers an’

d sisters of the same, Deo

servientibg,” forthe health of the soul of king Henry , hisown soul, and the

soul s of his ancestors and successors, and of all the faithful deceased, fiv e sh il

l ings annual rent ,'

arising fromland at Bishopsgate, to celebrate di'

vineservice

yearly on the day‘

Of his anniversary ob it (ad faciend’sv

’

cifi p aia reg. H .

~ 8:

p animamea, &c .

' in die anniv ersarijOb it’mei annuatim,) 860.WilliamH ostiarij, anno 12 18 (2d Hen. III,)Edward, procuratorof hospital,

and the brothers and sisters, grant certain their land, with ahouse thereon,situate in Fleet - street, toWilliam- Hostiarij, at a yearly rent of twenty sh illings,on condition of saidWilliamexpending annually six sh illings and four-pence,

at two payments Of three sh illings and two-

pence each , in charity among thebrothers and sisters, on the anniversary Ob its ofWi lliamHostiarij and his

wife (possib ly his parents,)celebrated in their church .

N . B .— Gerard, procurator of hospital, afterwards renewed th is grant .

Robert, son of Alicia — G . (Gerard) procurator of hospital , and the brothers

and sisters, by theirdeed, dated anno 1224, acknowledge and ob lige themselves,in consideration of a y early rent of twelve Shill ings, to be received by themof the fee of Geoffery de Frowick, in St . Anne

’

sparish , L ondon (being a commongift to be d ivided among the priests, and said brothersand sisters,)to celebrate

yearly , for ever, the anniversary of Rob ert, the son of Alic ia (ad pitanciamcommune tamint ’ sacerdotes quamint ’ freset sorores eisdemloc i div idendamad anniv ersarifi Rob tifil

’ Alic ’imppmsingulisannis

R ichard de St. Albans, rectorOf the church of St . Botolph (Aldersgate,)nearthe above date, grants to

.

themaster, and three other chap lains and clerks,serving God in the hospital of St . Giles, 860 . (Magic 85 trib; alijs capellanis85 cliC

’

is D eo servientib; in hospitali sCi Egidij exa L ondon) the sumof

forty - two pence rent, in pure and perpetual alms, arising froma tenement in the parish of St . Sepu lchre without Newgate, L ondon, held by Alic iadeWynton, situate between the land ofWi l l iamWallastere and the way leading to the water of Flete to hold to the saidmaster, and Chaplains and c lerks,for ever, to celebrate the anniversary of his father andmother (p celebracO

’

e

anniv ersarior’

p'

is mei 85mat ’ ismee such rent of twelvesh illings, to bereceived by themaster, and d istributed among the said

'

chaplams and clerks,in quarterly payments ofmid. each, 860 .

55

56 ST. G ILES’S HO SPITAL .

Williamde B lemonte - Rosia de Blemonte, andWilliamde Blemonte, (thirdson of the said Rosia,)reg

’ Hen . III, grant and confirmto the hosp ital , in pureand perpetual alms, forthe health of the soul Of the said Rosia, and forthe soul

ofWill iamde Blemonte, her late husband, and for the souls of her father and

mother, and of her ancestors and successors, ten shillings annual rent, arisingfromland in the parish ofAl l Saints, in the HayWharf (in po’ ch omfiscO’rapudheyWharfe,)subject to a yearly acknowledgment therefromof two sh illings, to

themonks ofWestminster, the ch ief lords of the fee so that said hosp ital did

cause to b e celebrated a yearly ob it , or ann iversary servrce, for their soul s ;

(ita sEilt quod p’dca fres 8c sorores singulis ann is an

’ivsar

’ mmin die Obitus

mei faciemt ,) said Rosia warrant ing for herself and heirs, never to makec laimof such rent, in considerat ion of the said anniversary being duly

observed, 8cc .

Robert de Purtep ole, or Portpool, by wi l l dated anno 1259 (46 Hen . III,)b equeathed to themaster and brethren of the hospital of St . G iles, without

London, twenty sh illings annual rent, arising fromhis house in the parish of

St . Sepulchre, L ondon ; ten sh illings per annum, froma house situate in the

Strand (apud Strandam,) wh ich John the carpenter held ; ten sh i l lings quit

rent and ten sh i ll ings arising froma certain house in St . Giles’s parish (makingtogetherforty sh illingsper annum)tofind one chaplain to celebrate perpetuallydivine service, in the chapel of Saint Michael, within the hosp ital church of

St . G i les, forhis own sou l , and for the sou lsof his ancestorsand successors, for

ever, and for the souls of al l the faithful deceased .

WilliamWestwell, (reg’ Edw. II,) granted to St . Giles’s Hospital, without

L ondon, the annual rent or sumof four shillings, arising fromhis tenement inthe parish of St .Michael, Queen

’

sWharf, in “puramet perpetuamelemosinam,

”

to performamass for his soul, and for the souls of al l the faithful deceased,

yearly , on the day of his anniversary , (faciendo missa v to’rent paiamea 8c

cfibgfidelfi defunctor’annuatimin die anniv ersarijmei, 8t c .

Rog' de St. Anthony , or

“ de SEO Antonio rector ecclie do sé’

o Anton io,L ond

’8cp

’

curat’de hosp

’. sanct iEgidij anno 1292 , bequeathed by

wil l , all his land , with the edifices thereon, wh ich Rogerde Mordinav e held of

him, situate in the parish of St . Anthony , L ondon, and extending breadthways

towards the east fromthe king’s highway, unto the house of the church of

t he

OB ITS, PR IESTS, 8cc . AT ITS CHURCH.

the holy St. Anthony , in pu'

re and perpetual alms, to provide one subdeacon

to minister in the church of St . Giles without London, (ad sustentaco’em

unius subdiaconiministrand ’ in cool ie sEiEgidijex“

conditionally that

the chaplain and proctordid pay ,

annually fromthe profits of the said land, &0 .

onemark of silv er towards the hosp ital light ; (ita tamen quod quincunq, p’dé

‘

i

hospit’luminas sacerdos 8c pcurator extiterit p soluat annuatimunammarcam

argent i de p’dca tra,) 8cc .

CHAPLAINS, CHANTRY PRIESTS, &c.

There was one chap lain only , originally appointed for the hospital church ; Priests

but in the bequest for the anniversary of Richard de St ; Al ban’s parents, just

not iced, three other chaplains and clerks (i . e. exc lusively of themaster,)arementioned . Therewas also one ormore chantry priests. The hospital chaplainsare d ist inguished fromthe parish priests of the parochial Church , in such deeds

as their names occur ; the former being somet imes denominated Cap’ells

p’

dCi hospit capellanus infirm’

sCiEgidij,”and Rectore hospit

’s

'

CiEgidijwh ile the parish priest

“

, on the contrary , is termed Capellano de poC'

hia‘

sC’

iEgidij, presbyter and sacerdote. The chantry priests are not particularized . The following are a fewOf the nameswhich occur, in wh ich th isd ist inction will be seen

RogerCapellanus.

Gervasius Capel lan’.

Rob t’

o Cap’

el lo p’

dc iHospit’

.

Gerrardo Capellano Infirmor’ 1 260 .

SCiEgidij.Johannes Capellfimin p

‘ci

Hospit’

.

Mag’Wal t‘ Rec tore Hosp

SCiEgidij.

HOSPITAL

Presby terand sacerdote, are appel la priest, rec tororvicar, as distinguished fromtions which were, ac cording to B ishop his capel lan or curate. The parish curate,

Kennet, in his Parochial Antiquities, always on the contrary , is always cal led capel lan.

appl ied to, and only signified the parish

Johannes Capellanus.'DfiusWal t‘ Cristemasse Capellano de pooh SdiEgidij.Ricardo Hykele Clerico SEiEgidij.

Rob ert Presby ter.

Salomon P'sh iter.Walterus Sacerdote .

Wal ls.

HOSPITAL GARDENS, &c .

In the sentential award or decretal sentence of Stephen, archb ishop of

Canterbury , made anno 1222, concerning a contest between Eustace, b ishop

of London, and the abbot ofWestminster (in wh ich St . Giles’s parish is

expresslyment ioned,) the hosp ital gardens appear to have lain b etween the

High - street of St Giles, the site of the late pound, and Hog- lane. I amof

op inion, therefore, saysMaitland, that the hosp ital stood where at present

L loyd’s court is situate .

”

Fromfrequent referencesin the book ofgrants, it isevident that the hospital

gardens surrounded the whole '

hosp ital, with perhaps an except ion of its

principal front towards St . Giles’

s- street, andwere not confined to any particular

corner ; wh ich al so agreeswith what is known to be fact , fromthe part iculardescript ions of these gardens in old deeds, v iz

Anicia de Essexiae, in the reign of Richard I, in a grant of amessuage nearthe hosp ital , describes it as situate “ int

’

gardinu dci hospit’

et viamregiam.

”

That is to say , between the east end of the hosp ital garden and Al dewy ch , (now

Drury- lane and Henry de Belgrave, soon after the same period, grants

all his land ly ing inWestm' fields (in campo deWestm’

)next to the garden

of St . Giles’

s hosp ital i . e. on its south -west ex tremity . Other deeds, in

l ikemanner, prove the gardens to have environed at least three sides of the

hospital b ui ldings.

That they were d ivided, there is no doub t, fromment ion occurring of the

hospital orchard, aswell asthe spec ificat ion of the orchard and garden,

”

belonging to Dr. Borde’smessuage, and the orchard

'

and garden”belonging

to the messuage described as occupied by D ensyll andWynter. The port ion

of ground called “T he Pool Close,”there is reason to supposewas part of the

hospital site. Of the other c loses, that containing sixteen'

acres, and ly ingbefore the gate, was

,

the only one that properly b elonged to the hospital

prec incts, and was antiently called the Pitaunce Croft .

”

L e L ane (the lane) surrounded the south and part of the east sides of the

hospital .

The walls or inclosure, commenced on the north -west, at the“

corner of

Hog- lane, opposite to wh ich stood the gallows. Thence they ran on the

north - east side as far as the present opening to Monmouth - street, and so on to

the south end of Hog- lane, theirpresent boundary .

ITS GARDENS,WAL L S, &c . . 59

The opening next the present entrance to St .Giles’s church, by what is called

the “Resurrect ion Gate, or very near it, was the great gate of the hospital,

and the“

spot at which criminalswere allowed to drink on theirway to the

gallows. The relative situation of the‘

foregoing places,will be best explained

by the following

PLAN OF ST. GILES’

S HOSPITAL AND PRECINCTS.

C

«l k1

8 77mf /wp l'

l u l “IT/1 1 1 115 l (ML /10“a“

al l” my doMu l ar/m1,f Cal/a ga rmar/c rrl L

'

n Amnm in Ma y [o

It may be here ment ioned also, that besides the above places the hospital

had a Grammar at Edmonton, to wh ich , in all probab ility , b elonged agrange or

farm, and appurtenances. These premises are mentioned in the grant to

lord L isle as all those landsatEdelmeton,” 850 . Part of th is land, consistingof four acres, was granted byWi lliamde D emeford, of Tottenham, to

Ralph de SeptemFontibus, master of the hospital, in the reign of Henry III,and abutted north upon the hosp ital granary. It does not appearby whomthe granary itself was given.

C H A P. IV.

HOSPITAL POSSESSION S.

ST. GILES ’S

"

HOSPITAL .

Account of the Hosp ital Possessions inSt. Giles’

s Parish, and various other Parishes and

Places in and around L ondon.

The early Possessions of the H osp italmay be classed under three General H eads, viz .

ANNUI'

I'

IEs, RENT-CHARGES,

Issuing orarising from

THEExa guna,

ROYAL DOM AIN S,

PRIVATESOURCES .

LaNna

MESSUAGES,PUB L IC BOD IES .

REAL ESTATES,

Consisting o f

MANORS,

L ANDS AND TENEMENTS,ADVOWSONS, Ste .

(The annual value, or otherparticulars of these, fol low.)

THEEXCHEQUER.

Three pounds perannumgivenby King Henry II, to provide a

hab it or dress for the lepers ;payab le on

“ Michaelmas day forever.N. B .

—The real purpose of thissecond endowment was, as stated ,to buy a regular hab it , and not

merely c lothes of any _sort, as

might be supposed .

LANDS, Sic.

Tenements and lands in the

c ity of London,

not partienlarized, giv en

‘

by Robert, the

son of Ralph, b efore the reignof Henry II ; besides ground invarious parishes, as described inthe hosp ital grants.

Annuities issuingfi omROYAL DOMAINS.

Three pounds per annumfromthe customs of the Ripa Regnicc,

”cal led Aldereshethe,

~

or

Edred ’

s Hy the, now Q ueen’

s

Hy the, given by the foundress

Matilda.

Thirty shill ings and five pence

per annumfromroyal domainsin Surrey , given by K. Henry II

to b uy l igh ts.

Seven houses erec ted by hos

pi tal on ground si tuate at Hol

b orn Bars, given by Richard

Younge, canon of St . Pau l ’s,cal led Richard Junior in HenryII

’

s charter,and field of himby

Matilda S tokes.

PUBLIC BODIES.

Nine sh il l ingsperannum, payab le by the hospital - of St . Johnof Jerusalem

,fora piece of land

in St . Giles’

s parish, cal led Cotterel l Garden. See p . 46.

PRIVATESOURCES,

Ten shil l ings per annumfromthe parish of St . Clement Danes,given by Peter, the son o f

Meilane, about A . D . 1 1 50 . See

St. C lement’s parish .

Alms, orpensions (the amount.not stated,) from the hundred

o f Isleworth, Middlesex ; givenabout the same time as the above,by Bernard deWalerico .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

62f

} ST. G ILES ’ HO SPITAL .

‘

Sanc teMarie de Conynghope .

SEiBenedEiSherhog.

Sanc ti Laurenc ijJudaismo.

Size Margery de Lo thbery .

SdiMart ini Pomere.

OmfiiSc6rin Bred Strete .

SéeMildredi ibidem.

Sanc ti JohannemWalbroke.

SEi Steph i deWalbroke.

Sanc ti Antonij.

Sanc te Marie de Arenb z .

SEe Marie Aldermanchurche.

SOe Marie _Ungare Friday Strete.

Sanc ti Nich i ColeAbbey .

SEiMich is ad RepamRegime .

SEiMartini in Vintria.

Séi Jacob i in Garlikhithe .

SOiThoma Ap l i .Sanc ti Martini Otewyche .

Sanc ti Barth i parvi .Sanc ti Cristofori .0 51iSc6rHeywharfe .

Sanc t i Magh i Martyri.

Of the six ty - three parishes and placeshere enumerated, the hospital had the greatest numberof estates inits own parish Of St . Giles

,and

,in fac t, owned the greater part of the parish itsel f ; though the amoun t

of its property in estates and rent charges in otherparisheswas very considerab le, as wil l be seen by thefol lowingAbstrac t of Grants.

Sanc te Margere Pont’.

Sanc ti Leonard i inEstchepe .

Saniet BenedEiGrasschirche .

Oil—

Ii Sanc tor’

Berkyng.

Sanc ti Andree Hub erd .

Sanc ti DunstaniEst .Sanc ti Olav i v siis Turrim.

Sanc ti DionisijBackchirche .

Sanc teAnne.

Sanc t i Botulphi ex ta Byshoppesgate .

Sanc tiEgidijex ta Crepilgate.

Sanc ti Bo tulphiex“Aldrichegate .

Sanc ti Sepulchriexa Newgate.

Sanc te Marie del Strond .

Sanc ti C lementi Dacor’ .In Vil et Campis VV

estm'.

Sanc ti Pancracij.

De p60h Tyburne etWestburne.

De pOCh de Heston.

De pOCh de Fe l tham.

SOCWenington et

SCIEgidium.

Henile Calicer.

ROb . le Crucer.

The same .

B LOOM SB UR Y SIDE. (S)

Amessuag'

e of,adjoining to themessuage Of

Rob . le Crucér. See estate III.

His Ownmessuage, noticed with the above,inthe account of the nex t estate.

Amessuage and outhouses, garden, . 860 . situatenext his ownmessuage and themessuage of Hen.

le Calic er(N0 5 l . II west ; and next themessuage (NO. IV.) east and ex tending fromthe

king’

s h ighway Giles’s- street)south, towards

the Pitaunc e Croft, north .

N. B .— This was afterwards granted by le

Dart ofDyed

Cruc er to Rog. de Stowe .

Rob . le Rous

de Gervimine.

Lyngedrap’

east ;

Pitaunce Croft)north.

Gervase

tenement of De Gerv imine .

Amessuage and appurtenances, adjoin inglast named messuage of le Crucer, west ; and de Gerv imine, beginning

Rob . le Rous EdWI, or

ly ing nex t land and a house (No . V.) of (3e le afterhis of reignand extending fromthe king

’

S father’

s death Edw. II.

south, towards the hospital land (the

Amessuage , adjoining on the west, to the above Grantor to Same.

Hosp .unk_nown.

with a garden; 8Lc . late John Enfeofi'

ed by Same .A tenement ,Hereward

’

s (father of said Stepheri,) adjoining AdamGodGerv

’

le Lyngedrap’

5 house , west . chere to JohnN. B .

“ These premiseswere afterwardsgranted Lambourne inby Jul iana Hereward to Jno de Rothinge

'

,

and subsequent ly became thehospi tal’

s,which Hospital .granted themto Thomas de Stowe.

See the Plan cf St .Giles’

sParish, al luded to,andwh ich shews the relative situation, extent,nature,and otherparticulars of the estates described in thischapter, in the prefatory account b efore Chap . I, of

the H istory o f the Parish , inti tuled, General View

of itsAntient State.

(5B L OOMSB URY SIDE, (the name by wh ich

the who le northern division o f St . GIles’

s is cal ledin the old parish books, ex tends fromKing

’

s-

gate

street, Ho lborn, (east,) to TottenhamCourt Road,

(west,)and inc ludes thewhole of the present parishOf St . George, B loomsb ury .”The houses describedabove, stood along the north side of St . Giles

’

sHigh'

Street, beginning nearly opposite the church, and

Cont inuing to beyond the site of B loomsbury - square,(but d ivided

,

by a

'

considerab le' portion of unbuil t

land, fac ing the present Drury - lane,St e They had,all of them, gardens at theirback about 1 0 0 feet

deep, bounded north byB- loOmsbury dyke ordi tch,(nowthe common sewer). They aremarked,with thehouses on the p lan, by roman figures.

The estates enumerated In the fol lowing l ist,were not al l In the possession of St . Giles’sHospitalat the dates of the respec t ive grantswherein they arementiOned,many Of these being only transfers of theproperty fromone owner to another; but they all

b elonged to théhospital , orit became In some wayinterested in thempreviously to the d issolution.

VIII. Wm. SemanRussel .

The same .

RogerCissori.

The same.

XIII. The same .

ST. GILES’S HOSPI TAL .

B L OOM SB UR Y S IDE.

HOU SES. & c . AND GA RDEN S.

A tenement ofWilliamde To ttenhal l, nex t thetenement and adjoining land granted to

himbyWil liamSeman Russel .— See No . 9 .

A tenement of, adjoiningwest on the last namedpiece of land once o f 'WilliamSeman,and to a certain wal l si tuate nex t the king

’

s highway (St . Giles

’

s- street .)

His own tenement, garden, and land, part ofwhich lat ter, granted toWil liamde To t tenhall, C”)is described as

“a p lot o f land o f his c urti lage,

ex tend ing in breadth, east and west, between histenement (i . e . his own house) and a tenement ofhospital and in length , fromth e king

’

s highwaysouth , to land of said hospital north, being 1 70

feet long, and 1 1 8 feet broad .

”

His own tenemen t, adj oining east upon a tene

ment granted to himby hospital, andmen tionedin the nex t Number.

A messuage and appurtenances, granted to,

by hospital, in c onsiderat ion of iss. si tuatebetween the tenement o f Henry de Thurkeby

and the houses there erec ted (Nos.X lII.

8L XIV.) on the east part, and the tenement of

Roger Cissori (No . X .) on the west, c ontaining

bread thway s, nex t the king’

shighway , 5% e l ls ; andex tending O

lengthways, from the said highwaysouth, to the ditch, cal led B lemunde’

s D ichenorth .

A capi tal messuage o f, adjoining west to the

messuage of RogerdeCissori(N°XI.)last described .

See nex t estate .

A tenement granted to, byHospi tal, and describedas, Amessuage and appurtenances, ly ing betweenth e King

’

s h ighway , by which one goes fromthe

said Hospital towards London, on the south ; andthe land late o fWil l iamB lemunde, on the north ;and ex tending in length to a capital messuage of

the said Henry on the west .”

3d Edw. I.

XVII .

XVIII.

XIX.

Wm. de

I TS ESTATES IN ST. GILES’S PAR I S H.

B L OOM SB URY SIDE.

Land and amessuage of Roger de Ley cestr’

(leCordwan’

) adjoining east on houses (N° XV.)ofWm. de Hal liwel l .

Two housesgranted by , toWm.de Cauc ia, by thedescription of all that land, wi th the houses

thereon erec ted, and appurtenances, v iz . two houses,with a curtilage ; which said land, houses and appurtenances, ex tend lengthways fromthe king

’

s

highway , south, to the land which wasWi ll iamBlemontes, on the north ; and bread thways, between the land of Roger

'le Cordwan’

(N° XIV.

Sc west, and the land of Al ic ia, late wife ofWm. Heav ihede, on the east .

N. B . The houses abovementioned were afterwards granted by hospital to Hamon le Cordwan’

(surnamed also Sutor,)by the descript ion of, one piece of our land, wi th the

houses thereon erec ted,and appurtenances,

some t imeWil l . deHal liwel l’s, ly ingbetweenland Of Robert de SEQ Egidio, the hangman(Camifex)east (XVI.)and land Of RogerdeLey cestr

’

, west .

Land, St e . of, abutting west on housesof de Hal

liwell, and east on the tenement (N° XVII.) of

Rob t le Criour.

The tenement of, abut tingwest, on Heav ihede’s

(afterwardsRobert de 560 Egidio’

s) land (N° XVI.)

and east, onWm. de To ttenhall’

s tenement nex tmentioned .

A tenement granted by , to John de Hadyngton,

by the description of, onemessuage, with its appurtenances, situate bread thwaysbetween the tenemen t of Rob ert le Criour, (N

° XVII.)on the west,and ex tending lengthways fromthe king

’

s highway , sou th, towards the tenement o f Gervase

, (de860 Egidio)(N

° XX .)on the north.

Land of, described as extending fromthe king’

s

highway south, to the di tch late ofWil liamBlemmit (Blemonte,)north .

65

9 Edw. I.

66

XXI.

XXII.

Rob . Lun.

Henry Russel .

Matilda Resini .

Richard Say le

homasEnteile .

ST. GILES ’

S HO SPIT AL .

B L OOM SB UR Y SIDE.

HOUSES, LAND,

Land granted to, by hospital , (seeN° XVIII.)on

wh ich ahouse appears to have been buil t afterwards,no ticed in a re-

grant fromHadyngton toTot tenhall,of the premises, (N° XVIII.) v iz :

“the tenement of

said John de Hadyngton, situate towards the tenement late of Gerv

’

de ScoEgidio, east,and the

tenement late of Robert le Criour, on thewest, andex tending lengthway s fromthe king

’

s h ighway ,south

, unto the tenement, late of said Gervase,north .

The house, ormansion of,noticed in a grant of

Mason’

s croft, (N° which cro ft is described to

lie be tween land o fWm. Blemonte, (his gardengrounds) west, (k) land ofWm. de Kingesholl,

(N°

east ; and to ex tend lengthways to the

court (i . e . house) of Robert Lum, pannarius,south, and to land ofHospital north .

St. Giles’s Street.

A cottage and appurtenances, situate in the king’

s

h ighway , nex t the common spring, (jux ta fontemcommunen .) f

B loomsbury Side.

L AN D, 8Lc .

Land of, mentioned in a grant of Matilda deResini .- See N°

2 .

Land of, granted to De Cucfield and wife , by thedescrip tion of “ that land and appurtenanceswhichshe had Of the gift of Richard Say le, ly ing betweenland of Seman Russel, east, and land of HenryRussel, west .

”

Land of, adjoining th e ab ove, and noticed in thegrant of the next estate — See N

"

4.

Land of, granted toHenry Faber, by the description o f

,his land and appurtenances adjoining the

land Of Richard Say le, on the h igh road leading toTot tenhall , and ex tending towards land of the

Church.

” — See N05.

Pannarius, a sel lerof bread .

Date of Deed

2 Edw. II.

Edw. III.

I TS ESTATES IN ST . GILES’S PAR I SH .

Hospital .

Hospi tal .

Seman Russel .

Hospital .

Alic ia Sutor.

Hospital .

B L OOM SB URX'

S IDE

L AND, &a

Land of, cal led land of the church .

”— See the

before-mentioned, and also N IX.

Land of.— See N°

7.

Land of, granted toWil liamde Cauc ia, by thedescription of their land, late Robert le Rous deGervimine’

s,ly ing lengthways between land, late

of Robert Brith, west, and o ther their land, east,

and breadthways, south and north, be tween the

king’

s highway , and the Pitaunce croft ditch .,

Land of, adjoining o thertheir land, west, late of

Rob t le Rous de Gervimine .— See No . 7 .

Land of, granted toWi ll iamde To ttenhall, bythe description of a p lo t of ground, with a cur

tilage and appurtenances, c ontaining breadthways,on the south part, 2 15 fee t, and on the north , 2 13fee t, and ex tending fromthe tenement o fWi l liamde Tot tenhall, west, and his own (Seman Russel)land, east ; abu tting, south, upon the highway (St .Giles

’

s High - street ,) and north, upon his garden ;

being in length , b etween their (Tottenhall’

s and

Russe l ’s) tenemen ts, 2 1 feet, and in breath, north

and sou th, b etween said Seman Russel ’s garden,and a certain wall, situate nex t the king

’

s h ighway , 18 feet .

”

Land of,with two tenements thereon, ab ut ting

north,onSemanRussel ’s garden grounds, (NO. IX .)— See No .

Land of, situate east of anotherpiece granted byherto hospi tal .

land and appurtenanceswhich she held of the fee

of the same hospital, situate between land of the

same hospital, (NO. held by Alvericus, east ;

and o ther land o f said Al ic ia, west, (No . con

taining in bread th on the south part, in a l ine ev enwith the highway , 82 el ls, and the same in bread thon the north part, and ex tend ing to the king

’

s

h ighway , south,and north to the ditch partingWil l iamB lemunde’s land fromthe said hereby

granted land .

68

Before or After

HOSPITAL .

Tyricus1 5 ’

Sokelyng16. Rog

r de Leycestr,

(le

Matilda Dotte .

ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL .

B L OOM SB UR Y S IDE.

L AND, 810 .

Land of, held fromhospital . — See No . 1 2 .

Land of, granted to him by hospi tal, by the

description of “certain part of their land ly ing

between land that Tyricus Sokelyng held of them,on the east, and othertheirland (the p lot aboveNO. west, containing in length, east and west,even wi th the king

’

s highway , 2 8; e l ls, and in

length on the north orreverse end, 265 el ls, and

in bread th fromthe h ighway toWil l iamBle

munde ’

s d itch, 2 2 el ls.

Land of,held fromhospital .— See above, No . 14.

L and o f, adj oining the houses ofWi l l iamde

Hal liwel l, (XV.)

Land Of, adj oining land, St e . o f Gervase de 505

Egidio, west .— (See No .

Land of, granted by hospital , by the description

of one acre of their land and appurtenances,which they had Of the fee of the LordWil l iam

ly ing between land o f the same lord,Will iamBelet, land of Matilda Do tte, and land of

Richard Maristal .”

-See forGerv’

de 806 Egid io’

s

house, No . XX.

Land of, described as abutting on Mason’

s croft

(XXL)west, next Blemund ’

s land, and north on

hospital land, (20 SI. 2Two p lots of land of, adjoining Kingesholl

’

s

land and Mason’

s croft .— See Mason’

s croft .

Mason’

s croft, granted by , to Robert Lum,

pannarius, by the descrip tion of that his certaincrof t wi th the appurtenances, ly ing between theland ofWil l iamBlemonte, towards the west, and

the land of Richard (l e Kingeshol l, towards the

east, ex tending in length to the court o f the saidRob ert

,south, and to land of said hosp ital, north,

containing gqrs. o f an acre of land .

DateGrantor to

of Granthosp . unknown.

unknown

SirWil l iam19 Edw. I.

Be let, kut .

) About l oo feet. The el lmentioned throughout these grants, is cal led, the iron ell of our

lord the king.

SirWil l iamBelet (ofwhomsee more, Hist .Par.)appears to have been the successorof BlemundorBlemonte, in the proprietorship of Bloomsburymanor.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

in Plan.

Dnr’

is Henr. le

Cales, chaplain.

n° deWatynge .

John de Cruce .

John de Cruce.

oger the son 0

Alan.

AlanXtmasse.

" ST . G ILES ’

S HOSPI TAL .

A certain p lot o f land,with the houses bui l t

thereon, and appurtenances, in the parish of the

hospi tal, ly ing between the messuage of John deW' atynge on the east, and the hospi tal gardenwest, and the king

’

s highway leading fromLondonto Tyburn on the north .

Messuage and land of John deWaty nge,mentioned above.

Amessuage and premises of, described below.

Amessuag e and o ther erec tions, with their appurtenanc es, situate between the king

’

s highway ,cal led Aldewy ch on the east, and a tenemen t lateofWi l l iam le Chandeler

’

s (No . 29) west and

abut ting upon a tenement o f the hosp ital of St .Giles towards the south, and north upon St . Giles

’

s

stree t .

All that land and appurtenances, si tuate at the

corner formed by the meeting of the two streets,

whereof the one c omes fromSt . Gi les, and is

cal led Strata SciEgidij, and the o thergoes towardsthe Thames, and is cal led Aldewych, ly ing be tweeno ther the land of said John de Cruc e (32) and thegarden of Roger, the son ofAlan

Land and tenement of, abut ting on the premiseslast described .

A sec ond garden o f Rogerthe son o fAlan,mentioned in the grant of premises, No . 3 1 , but not

otherwise described .

Land held of hosp ital by Alan Cristemasse, abutt ing on the garden lastmen tioned ; and describedfurtherhereafter.

All his lands and tenements, v iz . half an acre and

one rood o f land, and five cot tageswi th curti lages,Ste . situate at Aldewych, held by himof the hos

pital .

Grantor to

hosp. unknown .

Jn° de Cruc

Grantor to

hosp . unknown.

Date of Deed

I T S ESTATES IN ST. G ILES ’S PAR I SH. 71

Wm. Herlane

Seeler.

Date of Deed

S 0 U TH S IDE.

L AN D, Ste.ESTATE

South Side — Aldewy ch, East.Land, St c . held of hospital by , described as cer Gran tor to Reign of

tain the hospital land, with the houses and appur hospital EdW. I.

tenances thereon, situate at the Cross by Alde UnknOWDwy ch,

”St e .

Land of John de Cruce ; furthernoticed below.

All his land ly ing between the land late of John R‘1 le Reign of

de Cruce, north, and land of Richard (le Herp Herpholder.‘

Hen. III.

holder,)south, ex tending bread thways towards theking

’

shighway of Aldewy ch , and lengthway s fromthe said king

’

s highway unto the land of Hugh de

Elundi .

Land of,mentioned in the above descript ion. The same.

Amessuage, SLc . granted by Jacob Beaupiginne, Roger lec itizen of L ondon, to Roger le Carpenter, and t e Fol . St Uxor.

granted by said Roger and wife (36 Hen. III) toThomas de la Hale, by the description of theirc ertainmessuage and curtilage, which they held

o fHugh de Blundi, situate between land of Siwardand land late of John de Cruce b readthways, and

ex tending lengthways from the king’

s highway ,northwards, to the land of Henry Maggy , south,

”

afterwards granted by de la Hale, to le Fo l, under

the name of all his land , with the houses b uil tthereon, curtilage and appurtenances,

”St e .

A house and curtilage of, granted byWi lliam

Thrillam, c it izen and apo thecary o f London, and

wife, by the descrip tion of “a certain house, and

curtilage adj o ining, situate in St . Giles’

s parish,and ly ing bread thways b etween the king

’

s highway cal led Aldewyeh, on the west, and land of

John deWatynge, east.”The land between Drury

- lane and L it tleQ ueen- street, west and east, and Great Q ueen

street and Holborn, south and north ; containingParker

’

s- stree t, Lewknor’

s—lane, St e . It is cal ledAldeugych east,

”to d istinguish it fromthe west

hal f of Aldewych , which lay between Seven Dials,or rather King- street and Drury

—lane, west and

east , and Cast le- street and its cont inuation, and

St .Giles’

sHigh- street, south and north . See Plan .

7Q

N°of

in Plan.

40 . Gilb ert le Datur

Roger le Fol .

John de Beile.

Siward .

ST. GILES ’S HOSPI TAL .

S O U TH‘

S I D E.

L AND, Sac .

A curtilage granted to, by hospital, described as

a certain c artilage which they have in the parishof the said hospital, ly ing, lengthways, b etween theking

’

s h ighway (of Aldewy ch)and land o f Roger leFol, No . 42 , and bread thways, nex t land of ElieKuton.

”

Land of, the west part formerly , El ie Kuton’

s,

and no ticed above .

Amessuage and appurtenances of, granted to

HenryWat ford and wife, by Rogerle Fol, by the

description of amessuage and appurtenanc es in

Aldewy ch, St e . ly ing bread thways between land ofWi l l iamSpicer, south,and certain o ther land of

said Roger, north, containing in breadth, on the

west side nex t the king’

s h ighway of Aldewy ch,and in the midst, el ls ; and on the back part,

5 el ls ; and in length fromthe said highway o f

Aldewy ch to other land, east, 145 e l ls.

Land granted to, by Henry Russel , to enlargethe above estate (formerly Le Fo l

’

s.)Land of, abutting on Le Fol ’s ground, St e . see

the above premises.

Land adj oining the last-mentioned ground ofWil l iamSpicer.

Aldewy ch, East.— H olborn Side .

Land of,mentioned in the descrip tion o f pre

mises, (No .

Land of, mentioned in the account of premisesbelow, (No .

Premises granted byWal terWal thamand wifeto Henry de Thurkeby , and afterwards by himtoWil liamX tmasse, by the description of amessuage and land in the parish of St . Giles

’

s, ly ingbreadthways between land ofWil liamXtmasse,west

, and land late of Siward, east, bounded northby Holborn, and south by the land of HenryMaggy , the son of Richard, being 1 1 85 fee t broadon its north end nex t Ho lborn, and 1 1 8 at its southend

,and in length, fromnorth to south

, 373 feet .

Rogerle Fol .

The same.

Wil l iam

Date of Deed

Edward I.

N“ of

in Plan.

I TS ESTATES IN ST. G ILES ’

S PARISH .

OWNERSBe fore or After

Hosp irAL.

Lawrence Celij

S O U T H S I DE.

H OU SES, L AND, 640.

Land (part of the above)first of Siward, then ofWi l liamX tmasse, and subsequently of Pagauus deWriginel. — See account of the premises below.

Land of, (otherpart of the above). - SeeNo . 69 .

Premises of, gran ted by himto Geofi'

ery le

Gardiner, by the description of c ertain h is land inthe parish of the Q ueen

’

s hospi tal, situate b etweenland late o f Rob ert Loneco te, and land of the saidPaganas, and containing in length , fromtheKing

’

s

highway towards Mag’

(Henry Maggy’

s land,)30 25 feet, and in bread th, 60 § feet 2 inches.

A tenement o f. -See below.

Amessuage of, (formerly Henry de Grafton

’

s,)

granted to Thomas de Stoke, described as situatebread thways, between the tenement of Steph . de

Pistrino, west, and the tenement of NicholasGondibert, which was RogerAmyas

’

s,east, and

ex tending lengthways unto the King’

s highway ,leading fromLondon to St . Giles

’

s, north, e t ad

aquarium(Spencer’

sditch,) south .

The tenement of,mentioned above.

Land o f,mentioned in the accoun t of premises,N afterwards of the hospital .

Land ofWil l iamSpicer.— SeeNo . 77.

Land of. - See below.

L and granted to, by hospital, described as a

plo t o f land of their fee in the parish of St . Giles,ly ing between land of John deWatynge and landofW. Xtmasse (the ab ove,) west ; and abuttingnorth, upon Ho l born, and south

,upon the land ofWil liamSpicer.

Land of, si tuate b etween the premises o f JohnPol ton andWil l iamGarhoner.

— See below.

SWAN- ON - THE- HOP .— See Jn. Pol ton, St Ux .

Wm. Spicer.

Lawrence

73

Edw. III.

74

82 . Wm. Percehaie .

Hospital .

Wan’

de

Basingb ourne.

3 STJJGILES ’S HO SPI TAL .

SO U T H S I D E.

H OU SES, L AND , St e.

. Amessuage and garden granted to, by hospitaldescribed as

“a messuage and garden,wi th their

appurtenances, si tuate nex t land late of LawrenceCelij, and the tenement held byWi l l iamGarboner,east, cal led the Swan ou le Hop, and the king

’

s

highway , north, and land of said hospital, south .

L and of.— See No . 77, and also below.

“

Land granted by hospital , by the descrip tion o f,

a plot o f their land and appurtenances, whic liJohn de Fonte some time held o f them

,ly ing be

tween the land of said John deWaty nge,west, andland of Stephen del Bakehuse

, east, ex tending

lengthways to the king’

s highway leading to L on

don ou the north (Hol born,) and to o ther land o f

the said John deWaty nge, sou th .

”

N. B .— Ou th is land a housewas af terwards buil t,

and possessed by John Lerard, who by a sabse»

quent grant released to hospital all c laimto

thetenemen t ofJohn de Fonte, in Aldewy ch .

A curtilage (part of the ab ove land,)granted bysaid John de Fonte, or de la Founde, as he is sometimes called , si tuate in the parish o f St . G iles,ly ing bread thway sbetween the tenement ofWil liamPercehaie

,east , and the tenemen t o f sameJohn de

Fonte , west, and ex tending in length to the king’

s

h ighway , north , and towards themansion, St c . o f Sir

Robert Cliderowe, south, con taining in bread th on

the north end 1 2 2 fee t,in themidd le 6ri fee t , and at

the sou th end, towardsSirR . Cliderowe’

s, 76 feet .

A tenement of,mentioned above .

Tenements and land of, no tic ed in the accoun t

of premises below. See No . 84.

Amessuage and appurtenances, granted by hospital to John deWatynge, described as beingsome timeVVan’

deBasingbournc’

s,and ly ing breath

ways between land and houseso f said hospital,west,and nex t to land late of B oysie le Bolde (Spencer,)St e . east . —See estate, 85.

GRANTORS;

St e. of,

to Hosmu t ,

when known.

Grantor to

hospi talunknown .

John Lerard.

IVilliamde To t tenhall .

Grantors to

hospi talunknown.

De Basingbourne .

This land was held o f DeWaty nge by De Fonte .— See 95.

Date of Deed

IT S ES TATES IN S T} G ILES’ S'

PARISH . 75

S O U TH - EA S T S I D E.

’

H OU SES, LAND} 815.when known.

“

Amessuage and land o fWil liam Grantors to

by the fo llowing deed ; v iz— Al ic ia, " daughterof hospital

Richard Simone, grants to hersonWil l iam, ames unknown .

suage, situate b etween the land ofAdamBlanyisiaand the land of Cateline le Chanug, and two acres,

’

one ly ing between the land of John de‘

Waty nge,“and the otherbetween land of Cateline le Chanugand Roger le Fol .

N.B .— This land afterwardswasHenry Maggy

’

s.

Wm. Spicer. Land of St . Giles’

s hospital , formerly ofWi l l iam Wil liamSpicer. - See accoun t of premises,

"

N0 377. Sp icer.

n°

deWatynge . Other landof, abut ting on land held of himby Jn° de

John de Fonte . Watynge .

Jn° de Fonte. Part o f the land o f (held of DeWatynge ,)men Jn°de Fonte

tioned in the before -men tioned acc oun t o f premises.

—See estate,

Land of, ab utting east, on the above-ment ioned S. del’

land of John de Fonte. Bakehuse.

Themansion and premises of SirJohn de C l ide Sr Jn° de

rowe, bounded east, by the hospital land . Cliderowe.

South - east Side — Camp o de Aldewct‘)

All his land and the houses buil t thereon, situate Geoff 7 de

in Aldewych ,which he bought of Marsil ia, the wifeof Alketun, the go ldsmith, ly ing lengthways between the king

’

s h ighway o f Aldewych, west,‘

and

land of John,

.east, and in biead th betweenland ofWil l iamBeil le

,north , and John Gerneis,

south .

John Land adjoining the land of Géoffery'

de Hoddesdon.

d

A house and garden in Aldewy ch,bough t byhim GeoffrdéofWal terHaehard

,and ly ing between land o f Hoddesdon.

St .Giles’

s hospital and theking’

s highway (Aldewy ch

Grantor to49 ,

Hospital . Hosp ital land ment ioned 1u‘

the above grant . hosp . unknown.

This land, cal led afterwards Oldwick C lose, is the same on wh ichWi ld - street and its neighbourhood, nowstands.

76.

in Plan .

54

55

Jn° Gerneis.

Wm. Richard,et Ux .

Thomas Osgod .

Reginald leTailleur.

ST. GILES’S HOSPITAL .

S O U T H - EA S T S I D E.

H OU SES, L AND, St e.

Land abutting on the house and garden o f

Geofl'

ery de Hoddesdon .

Certain land demised to, by the hospital , andWal terHaehard,master, with its appurtenances,situate in Aldewych, then late held byWil l iamDelois, ly ing between the land late ofWil liamPinchelate, of the one part, and land of Anicia de

Aldewy ch, of the o ther part.

Land and appurtenances, situate in the waycal led Aldewy ch (i . e. nex t the road

,) in the parishof th e hospital, lying near to land late of ThomasOsgod (No . on the south, and land ofNicholasLoreng, and Henry , the son of Alexander, north,and extending lengthways fromthe king’s h ighwayo f Aldewy ch, west, unto the land called Spret tony ,on the east .

Land in Aldewy ch, ly ing b etween his house andland of St . Giles’s hospital, containing 40 el ls inlength, o f the king

’

s ell, and 1 1 el ls in breadth,and adjoining to other part o f his land and the

garden that Reginald le Tail leurheld of him, and

to the garden that the same Reginald held of St .

Giles’

s hospital, east .Land of,ment ioned in grant No . 52 .

A certain garden and appurtenances o f, in Aldewych, granted toWal terWaleis, and by the lattergiven to hospi tal, described as situate be tween the

land ofWil l iamPearcer (Percehaie orPercy ,) on

the one side, and land of Anic ia de Aldewy ch, on

the other, containing in length, 42 e l ls 1 0 inches,

and in bread th, 2 1 § e l ls.All his land in Aldewy ch, which he bough t of

Laurence Frowick, with - its appurtenances, and

free way and passage by or through an al ley or

path , 1 0 5 feet wide, leading fromthe king’

s highway (Aldewy ch) to such land, and which aforesaidland lay between land of the same hospital, east,

and land ofWal ter Hachard and the said way ,west

,and breadthway s be tween land of John

Gerneis, north, and land of hospital , south .

Cementarius, ormason .

WPercehaie

Date of Deed

ESTATE

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

78 S T. GILES ’ S HOSPITAL .

S O U T H - EA S T S I DE.

in Plan .HOU SES, L AND,

“

St e.

South-eastEnd.

Térr’

jzixta B ertramde H oleburn.

”

Land of, part of Le Spencer’

s Land, before Grantor to

described as of Roy sie le Bo lde .— See 84. hosp. unknown.

Land of, part ditto of the above land.

Land of hospital , on which were,

four houses Ditto .

(two of themshops) leased, the latter to‘

Richardthe hospi tal cook, and one of the former, toWilliamle Mower.

Land of,late Jacob Salignr

’

s,his unc le ’

s, after

wards granted to John de Cruce, described astwoSpencer.

acres of land with theirappurtenances, si tuate between , land late ofWi l l iamSpenc er, east, and

west, and ex tending north and south to

Holeborn and Fikattesfeld .

Land of, adj o ining the above, described as three Wm.Spencer.

quarters of an acre of land , si tuate north and south,

between Holeburn and Fikat tesfeld .

Land and houses of, wi th theirappurtenances,situatewi thout the barso fHoleburn, ly ing betweenland which Robert Paage held on the east, and

land o fWil l iam Spencer,west, and extendinglengthways fromthe king

’

s highway (Holborn,)north, untoFikattesfeld, south .

Land of,afterwards

’

granted to hospital , and de The same.

scribed as that their certain land, late of Robert

Paage, ly ing lengthways b e tween land of Robert

Bretford (afterwardsOsgod,)west, and land of saidhospital, east.

Land of, granted to hospi tal, and mentioned The same.

abov e as adjoining the land of Robert Paage .

The site of th is land isnowcal ledWhetstone’

sPark, and lies b etween the north side of L incoln’sInn Fields, and Holborn.

N°of

in

I T S ESTATES - IN THEVIL L AGEOF ST. G ILES, Ste.

The same.

The same .

The same.

FIELDS OFWESTMINSTER.

L AN D, Ste.

An acre of land and appurtenances, in the fieldso fWestminster, situate near the hospital of St .Gi les, nex t land of Richard, the sort ofEdwardFaber, granted byWal terChestchurch to Hen. de

Belgrave, at 43. perannumrent .

Land of, adj oining the above, demised to Hen.

de Be lgrave by the description of all that acre of

land, St e . sit in campisWestmonast ’ sub tt'is hospitsC-iEgid ij, ex tending east to the old way (Eldestrate) at the corner of the garden of the samell OSp ltal (et extendit se ave tero vico usq3 c orneramgardinu ej usdemN. B .

-This land was cal led LongesmaleAcre.

One of two acres of land (the o ther cal ledLongesmale Acre

,) described as ly ing against thegarden of same hospital .

All his land and garden situate lengthways b etween the land o f Humphrey , on thewest, and thecommon way beh ind the hospital garden, east, Ste .

Land o f, referred to above.

L and o f,described as adjoining one of the two

acresof Richard the son o fEdward , given as above,to hospital, byWill iamthe son of Ralph de SeptemFontibus.

Other land of, described as‘

adjoining southwards

the land and garden of Richard the son ofEdward,

An acre of land of, (the second,) formerly held ofWil l iamFrampo le o fWestminster, described as

one acre o f land, St e . in the fields o fWestminster

,

ly ing near the land which he lately granted to thebro thers, St e. of same hospital o pposite Cohereshage(Colmanshedge fields

,) and ex tending towardsOld- street .

The same.

The same .

Hen. de

Belgrave.

79

Edw. I.

See Plan of the BOUNDAR IES of St . Giles’

s Parish , before, Chap. II. Hist . Par. as to the

re lative situation, and otherparticulars of these estates.

‘N

80

N0 of

in Plan.

OWNERSBefore or After

Hosrrrx t .

B . Springold .

The same .

ST .

'

GILES’S HOSPITA L .

L A N D , &.C .

Camp is deWestmonast ’Land of, mentioned below.

One acre o f land inWestminster, ly ing in thefield cal led Langemere, b etween land o f Bartholomew Springold and of St . Giles

’

s hospital, west,and other land of said Bartho lomewSpringold,east , and ex tending fromthe king

’

s highway(leading to Gibhe)north, and to other land of sameBartho lomew, south .

Land of, described as abutting on the landGervase de 880 Egidio .

Land of, described as abut ting on the aboveland o f Gervase de 860 Egidio southwards.

Land of,see No . 1 5.

An acre o f land at Langemere, ly ing betweenland of Bartho lomewSpringold andAlicia VVebhe,east

,and land of the same Bartho lomewandWil

l iamTrentemaris, west .

Land of, mentioned b elow.

All his land ly ing in the field cal led Langemere,between land of the same hospital and the land ofJ6iBo ti, St c .

Land of, mentioned in the grant of Gervase de880 Egido, No . 14.

An acre of land ly ing in the fields ofWestminster, beh ind the garden of the same hospital on itswest part, and nex t land of St . Giles

’

s hospital,the gift of Robert de Lyngedrap (de Gerv iminc).

Land of,mentioned above.

An acre and a hal f of arab le land, held by Ralphde Cruce c l Ux, of M. Pente, ly ing in thefields ofWestminster, b eing the land gran ted to said Ralph ,St e . by I

’Valter, son of Nicholas deWestmonast .’

GRANTORS, Date of Deed

St e. o f,

to HOSPITAL ,

when known.

Gerv’

de

PeterHut .

I TS ESTATES IN VAR IOUS PL ACES.

OWNERS

Pe terde

Hereford, and

AdamBasing .

The same .

AgnesleWaleis.

WESTMINSTER, CHERRYNG, Ste.

L AND. St e.

Twelvemarks in gross, and two shi ll ings and

sixpence annual quit rent, with a cock and two

chickens, and all third dayworks in autumn, arisingfromland late the gift ofAdamde Basinge, situatein the field cal led le Merslade

,in v i lla deWest

monast ’ .

An acre of land, St e . situate in the fields ofWestminster, ly ing b etween land of Robert Bur

nel l, south, and land o f hospital, north, St e .

Land of,mentioned above .

Three roods ef land of,ly ing in the place cal led

Le Meryslade (Merslade)in vi lla deWestmonast’.

Land granted by , to Jul iana, rel ic t of RogerdeS towe, by the description of nine acres o f arab leland ly ing in the field nex t adjoining to the waylead ing fromCherryng to Knyghtesbrugge, and

extending to the way cal led Spital - strete (nowPal l Mal l,)on the south . Also, one garden in the

same parish (St . Margare t) nex t the Mews (LesMwes)wal led in, containing fouracres.

And one tenement,with agarden at Cherryng, adj o ining a vo id plac e there, in parSEe Margarete,

”

St e . And one acre ly ing nex t Aulesmore, betweenland of the master of St . James’

s Hospital, and

land o fWil liamde Northbroke, and ex tending inlength to the acre of land of the saidmastero fSt . James’s hospital , south , and to the said wayleading fromKnygh tesbrugge to the hospital ofSt . Giles, north .

An acre of land cumsep ibz et f ossatis, St e. ly ingbetween the king

’

s h ighway which passes by , or

through Cherring (qui ducit apud Cherring,) and

abuts on the king’

s highway, east (now St . Mar

tin’

s- lane,)and on the garden of the fee ofWil l iamde SeptemFontibg, west .

AdamdeBasinge.

The same .

81

3Edw. I.

1 Edw. III.

1Edw. III.

82 ST. GILES’S HO SPITA L .

GRANTORS, Date of DeedWESTMINSTER, CHERRYNG, Ste. am, of, where

L A N D, St e.to Hosp xru .’ ESTATEwhen known. mentioned .

Also, all that land with its appurtenancesinvil ladeWestmonast’ at Haggehegge, of the fee ofWynnington, abut ting upon the king

'

s h ighway ,east, (the present St .Martin’

s- lane)St e .

That land at Charring (apud la Charryng,)withthe houses thereupon erec ted , which was lateWill iamTailefers

,which land, with the said houses, l ies

in the parish of St .Margare t,Westminster, be tweenthe messuage ofWi l l iamFrancpayne and the

messuage o f Robert Springold . (This land is notnumbered on the p lan.)

ESTATES IN ST. PANCRAS AND HOLBORN.

St. Pancras,A quit - rent of one penny perannum, fromhalf

an acre o f land , once of Robert, the son ofWil l .Dispensator, ly ing nearly adjoining the land of

Tyricus Sokelyng.

Land and appurtenances granted (reg.Ed . 1)byGervase le Lyngedrap

’

, (de p6eh SSiEgidij)subj cet to a y early rent of 1 0 d . ; he ld by himof Johnthe son ofWal ter de Totelihale, ly ing between Two acres of land

, once of Tyricus Sokelyng,land of said John, north ; and abut ting west, upon and John de Cruce

, situate in the field cal ledland Of the hospital, and east, upon the king

’s Frowescroft .

h ighway leading fromsaid hospital towards Tottenhall . An acre of land , With its ditches and appurte

nances, granted by Agnes At tewell to her son

An acre of land of the prebend of Tottenhall, Hamon. Anno 1 260 .

once ofWm. Dispensator, and Rich . Loreng, ly ingb etween land of Tyricus Sokelyng, and Mat thew N. B .

—These estates are not numbered in the

de Mansel, held at an annual rent of 2 s. accompany ing p lan .

St. AndrewH olbourn.— H ouses, tire.

Ade le A forge and shOp of the hospital, Ste . situate, Richard 1 9 Ed . I.Wolmongerde bread thways, in the king’

s h ighway , leading from Young,Bristollia

,the said hospital to the Bars of Holeburn, and Canon o f

(son of Ade de ex tending to the king’

s highway nex t Ho leb orn St .

Stanstede .) Bars aforesaid, east (i . e . to Portpole, now Gray’

s

Inn - lane), and to a tenement o f said hospital on _

the west, demised at 1 73. perannum

Demised by hospi tal to Hen. le Smy the The landment loned in this and the fo l lowde Geleton, 38Ed . III

,for 2 0 years, at 20 3. per ing grants was given by Young (see pp . 6 St 1 0)

ann. rent . the houses (7 in number)were buil t by the hos

p i tal see inquest as to p . 29 .

in Plan.

I TS ESTATES IN S T. ANDREW’ S HOL BORN. 83

Hospital .

Wal terOsgod .

The same .

DES C R IPT IO N OF

H OU SES, Ste.

A tenement of.— See N°

6.

SeeN°

9 .

A messuage and appurtenances, ly ing betweenland late of Gi lbert Chibo le, east, and land lateof Valentine, west ; gran ted by hospi tal at an

annual rent of 2 3. in consideration of saidWal terassuring them a free way and passage through

his land, ly ing nex t the land of Ralph Church,(cumearuta St carec ta pedibg St equib3,) as wel las to their land which was late Jac ob Baldwin’

s,

by a certain gate there.

”

Amessuage and appurtenances,ly ing breadthways between the tenement of ‘John Osgod, east,and the tenement o f John le Nedlere, west ; andex tending lengthways fromthe king

’

s highway ,south, to the land o f John Osgod south ;

granted by hospital, at a rent of 6s. oéd.

The house of.— See N°

1 1 .

Amessuage and appurtenance in Holeburn, nextthe king

’shighway , granted by hospital , 1 5Ed . II.

N. B . The hospital afterwards (26Ed . III,)demised this house to Richd de Boekyngh‘m.

That theirothertenement,” St e . ly ing betweenthe tenement o f the saidWil liamde Northingmimes (13)and a c ertain d itch cal led B lose Pond,granted by hospital at 43. rent .

A tenement of. —SeeN°

16.

A house, late belonging to Steph . Gladewin of

Kentish Town, situate between the tenement of

SirWm. Teuchet, kut . (17)west, and the tene

ment of said Thomas, east .

Capital messuage of SirWm. Tenchet .— Seeabove.

See below.

Canon of

The same .

The same. Ed , 11,

to hospital .

84

Wil l iamCousin .

ST. G ILES’S HOSPITAL .

ST. ANDREW, HOLBORN.

L A N D, St e.

Land of.— See N°

9 .

Land of, a second piece, ly ing be tween the

land o f Ralph Church, afterwards o f De Senth

ville andWil liamCousinA piece of land and appurtenances, ly ing b e

tween the land o fWal terOsgod fatherof the

said John, east, and land late o f Alicia Attelosones west ; and abutting north upon land of

masterJohn de Senthv ille and south upon a

messuage of same hospital , standing nex t the

king’

s h ighway o f Holeburn granted by hospi talat a yearly rent of 8 3.

Land o f, (once o f Valentine.) adjoining the

above of John Osgod .— See N

°2 0 .

Land granted of, mentioned in deed 46.—N

°

9St 23.

An acre of land of, granted by himsuccessivelyto AdamVyche and RogerWy thin, ly ing betweenthe land of Jac ob , the son of Baldwin east,

and the land o fWil l iamFulk (2 west, and

ex tending south towards the king’

s highway .

Land of, nex t Blemund ’

s acre above — See 23.

once o f Ral ph Church , carpenter,

ab ut ting onWal ter Osgod ’

s land .- See N

°

1 9,and 9 and 10 .

Land of, nex t the above — See N°

Date of Deed

uncertain .

Granted afterwards by Peterde Holeburn,son ofWal ter, to John Bukewanit, whose widow,Jul iana, paid hospital a rent of 3s. out of it,

granted by same Peter.See plan o f the BOUNDAR IES,

”St e . b e

fore referred to, plate II, for estates in this, and

St . Margaret’

s parish .— The next estates were

situate but o f the l imits of that p lan, and are

therefore not numbered.

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86 ST. G ILES’S HOSPITAL .

byWil l iamWalsh, goldsmith, wi th all arrears then

due to hospital , 42 _Edw. III, in a suit between saidWm.Walsh and Geofl'

ry ,mastero f hospi tal .Marg inal note in originalmanuscrip t .Rent- service of 30 3. payab le to

~

the hosp .

issuing out of amessuage, three gardins, and

eight acres of land, in the p’ ishe of St . Cle

ment Danes, (id nota bene for Sir Henry

Drurye.

”

N.B .— Thiswasagain furtherassured to hospital

in anothersuit, 32 Hen .VI.

St. Mary - le- Strand .

A rent of 33. perannum, arising fromamessuageand two shops, situate between the garden of the

Lord Abbo t ofWestminster, on the north, and the

king’

s highway , on the south,and west and east

b etween two o ther tenements ; granted by Ralphde Certeseye, 1 9 Edw. 11.

St. D unstanWest.Certain land in this parish , given byWil l iam,

the son of Osmund, and a rent- charge of t 3. 8 d . per

annum, given by Abso lomCocus and wife, arisingf l omcertain their land o f the fee of St . Giles

’

s hos

p ital , situate towards the NewTemple.

Land, and a house thereon, situate overagainstthe NewTemple, given byWi l l iamde Crantfe lde,reg.Edw.I, granted by hospital to Simon de Berkyngand wife, at a yearly rent of f . 1 and 1 2 d .

Land, and an edifice thereon, situate in th is

parish , granted by hosp i tal to Hamon de Coggeshal l, at 53. perannumrent .

N. B .— These premises were afterwards assured

to hospital in a suit b efore Judge Parwyng,Ste . 40 Edw. III.

St. Bride’s F leet- street.

A free tenement,ment ioned in pleas 50 Edw. III,

to have been held by hospital t ime out of mind, atan annual rent o f 63.

A capital messuage, with the gate and porticothereto, and also twomessuagesadjoining the same,

and agarden there ; granted 1 3king John,byEdmundde la JaioelertoWal terle Taillerij subjec t to ayearlypayment to hospital of 1 0 3.

Hospital land, situate towards Fleet Bridge ;granted by themaster, St e . toAlexanderBenbeller,at a yearly rent of 8 3. 6 d .

Land and a house in_Fleet- stree t, late ofWil l iamHostiarij, adj oin ing land there o f same hospital , heldby the nuns of Clerkenwel l, at a yearly rent o f 20 3.

Ground and edifices thereon, granted by hospi talto John le Uggelar, an. 1 283, situate in She - lane

,

and abut ting north on the house of Henry de Lacy ,earl of L incoln, at a yearly rent o f 1 83.

Threey early rent c harges of 1 83 . 1 1 3. 4d . and 6 3.

issuing fromtwo tenements and landsin Flee t - street.Landwith houses buil t thereon, granted by Osbert

deNorthbroke, situate in the lane cal led Sho- lane inFleet - street, in the way leading towards Flete, at

Smalebregge, subj ec t to an annual payment of 2 0 3.

An annual rent of 43. granted byWi l liamRufli,fishmonger, issuing fromhis premises in Fleet- stree t,subj ec t to an annual payment by hospi tal to the

Flee t gaol, o f 2 3.

St. Mart in L ua’

gate.

Various pieces of land, v iz .—A plot granted by

Alured deWantham, '

31 Hen . III, situate be tween

the gate of Ludgate and the gate of St . Paul ’s, de

mised to John de Sanc to Paulo, at 6 3. perann. rent .

A p lot demised to Gervase Pinentar, at a ren t ofsi tuate between the wal ls o f London and the land ofWil l iamle Plummet ; and a second p iece near it

,

demised to same, at 63. perann. rent .

A quit rent of 40 d . per ann . given by ThomasPinentar, 32 Hen . III, issuing fromland without thegate of Ludgate, situate between the land of Sir

Robert Passelewe and the land of Laurence del Brot .

A quit rent of i2 s. 8d . peranu. given by ReginaldCapel l, 32 Hen . III

, pay ab le by St . Bartholomew’

s

hospi tal, issuing fromland and appurtenances ly ing‘

nex t the land of Richard de Gresham.

I TS ESTATES IN VAR IOUS PARI SHES .

A plot of ground, gran ted by hospital to Rio. de

Gloucester, at a yearly rent of 53. ly ing betweenland wh ich Ric . de Bail l ie gave to the church of

St . Paul , and other land wh ich he gave to St . Bar

tholomew’

s hospital ; and a second adj oining piece,granted to Augustus de Redinges.

St. N ickolasWestmacer.

Sta'l ls and shops, v iz .

A stal l orstanding, granted by Robert Carnifex,38 Hen. III, situate b etween the stal l ofWi ll iamdeBerkenden, and the stall

‘

of Reginald Lonesund .

N. B . This stal l the hospi tal afterwards let toWil l iamle Paage, at a yearly rent o f 6 3.

A shop,’

granted by Godwin Morpe to JohnMotur, 40 Hen. III, and by hiswidow to hospital,situate near the lastmentioned stal l orshop ofWill iamPage, in the shamb les, orflesh market .

Two shops, adjoiningWil l iamle Page’

s, granted

by Godwin Morpe, subj ec t to a rent o f 1 d . and two

stal ls inWest Cheape, granted by h0 5p ital to Hugh

Tanitori de Fossata, at a rent of 33. 8d.- These

s-hOps firstmentioned , were again granted , an. 1 2 71 ,

by hospi tal toWal ter Bércurj, at a yearly rent o f

26 3 . by the descrip tion of “all theirpiece of ground

and certain shops thereon, situate near the shop ofWal ter le Page .

”

2Three qu’ it rents of 4s. 6 3. and 2 3 . given by

Hamon deWrockeshall, arising fromthe shops o f

JohnKing and Agnes de Horton, situate in the

shamb les, or market, and fromhis messuage in

St . Sepulchre’

s parish .

St. M ickael ad B ladum.

A quit rent of 63. perann . payab le froma house

in th is parish .

St. Augustine at the Gate.

A rent of 63. given by Roger de Blemonte, an.

11 87, issuing fromland he ld by Ralph de Cestreford,srtuate nearSt .Augustine

’

s church .

87

St. Alp hage

"

St. Vedasti

Land granted, 1 0 king John, by Nicholas dePonte, subjec t to an annual quit rent of 2 3. An

annual rent of 1 2 d . given 39 Hen . III, by Ric . de

Bpina, issuing frompremises adjoining the house of

Eli the jew; and the rents of c ertain lands, late ofWil liamChep, in Aurifabro (Goldsmiths- row,) in

this parish, subjec t to a quit‘

rent of 53. for all

services.

St. Peter in Chep e, and St. Benet

Paul’sWharf:

A rent of 53. granted by Joseph de Reynham,1 9 Ed ,

I, issuing froma tenement in the parish of

St . Pe terdeWode- street .

A messuage and appurtenances in same parish,granted to Hugh de Yspania, at 2 0 3. rent, si tuatenex t land of the ab bo t of Redding.

Land in the parish of St . Bene t,WodeWharf,granted to Simon Belende, 1 5Ed . I, at a y early rentof 143.

St. Gregory at Paul’s.

A rent of 43. gran ted reg’

Hen . III, byAdamScot,issuing from one of two houses of St . Giles

’

s

hospital , situate in this parish .

Two rent charges of 9 3; and 4s. issuing fromlandand houses

,situate in same parish.

St. Peter Parva.

A yearly rent charge of 3 3. b equeathed by thewil l of Rogerde St . Martin, issuing frompremisesin this parish .

St. Olave Magreed - street.

L and and buildings thereon, granted 7 Hen. III,to Edward Penchiner, at a rent of 1 2 s. and o ther

land'

granted to Benedic t, the son of Hugh, at a l ikerent .

A quit rent of 1 2 3. granted 4Ed. I, by masterJohn Trillaw

, c lerk, issuing frompremises situate inthis parish .

88,

ST. GILES ’S HO SPI TAL .

St. A@Mge Orep algate.

A quit rent of 7 3. granted by John Blundis, goldsmi th , issuing fromhis capitalmessuage and groundin this parish .

St. Mary Aldernzanbary .

Land inAldermanbury , granted toWi l l iamFrutuario, at a rent of 2 3. perann.

St. Mary de Arcubz .

A quit rent of 2 0 3. granted toWil l iamBocuinte,issuing fromc ertain premises inWest Chepe, ad

joining land of the canons of Southwarke.

Land situate in Fora London, granted by RichardPie ter, subjec t to a yearly payment of 20 3.

St. Mmy Somerset.A rent charge of 1 2 3. granted 1 1 th Ed . I

, byJohn le Meyrener, arising fromcertain c el lars, andan adjoining p lot of ground, abut ting north towardsthe king

’

s highway of Temestrate (Thames- street .)A cel larand an adjoining piece of ground (proba

b ly part of the above,)granted to Baldwin le Meyroner, at a rent of 1 2 s. situate in Tymberheth (HighTimber- street .)

St. Margaret Friday - street.

Amessuage and appurtenances, situate in par

SGe Margarete apud Fridai- strete,

” ly ing be tweenthe messuage of Bartholomew Cissoris, and the

house of Thomas de Basinges, and ex tending in

dep th to the king’

sh ighway of Friday - street ; granted

32 Hen. III, to Simon de Poppeworth, at a yearlyrent of 133. 4d .

A house and appurtenances, granted 28Hen. III,by Sara, the rel ic t ofWal ter, the son o f Raymond,si tuate between the land of Nicholas Cissoris

, north,and the land of John Burgoin, south, held subj ec t toan annual payment of 163.

St. M ildred Bread - street.

A rent charge of half amark, granted by Thomasde Hav

'hull, issuing from land situate in thisparish .

St. Nicholas Olave.

An annual rent charge of 33. 4d . granted 6Ed . I,by Stephen de Kent, issuing fromcertain his landsituate in this parish .

St. Martin Pomar’

.

An annual rent of 6 3. 4d . issuing fromcertaintenements in th is parish , granted by hospital to Johnde Gisors.

St. Many Aldermanchirche.

A house in this parish, and three annual rentcharges of 143. 133. and 1 33.

S t. Nicholas Cole Abbey .

A y early rent charge of 1 3 . 6 d . frompremises inthis parish, assured to hospi tal , 9 Ed . III.

A rent of 1 2 d . released to hospi tal 8 Hen.III

, byWinar, daugh ter of Richard Ekin th, arising from

her land “ in parSEi NiEhi de Fysshestre te, ly ingb etween the land ofWal terB lundisand land o f the

priorof the Ho ly Trinity .

Certain land, the gift o f Ralph Minter, situate inDistav e—lane, granted by hospital to their belovedbrotherWal terBruno,” subjec t to a payment yearly0 f 43. to hospital, and of 4d . to the clerk of saidinfirm, and to theirservant of 2 d .

A rent of 7 3. per ann. granted by Ralph, son of

Richard de Berky ng, frompremises of said Ralph,situate in Distav e - lane .

A rent of 28 3. perann . reserved on certain land ofRichard, son of Gilbert le Bachelor, abut ting east .

on St . Nicholas ch urch, granted 18 Hen . III.

A rent of 9 3. per ann. granted by Margaret,daugh terof Hugh de Rupel, 1 9 Hen. III

,arising

fromland and houses in Distave—lane, given by hertoWal thamAbb ey .

St.Michael

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90 ST. GILES ’S HO SPITAL .

St. Thomas Ap ostle.

An annual rent of 8 3. granted 3dEdw. II, arisingfroma tenement late of John of Northampton.

St. Martin Outwich .

Land situate “ in parochia SEi Martini de OtesWych ,” ly ing between the land of Martin PistorandBaldwin Badding, granted to John Begh i, subj ec tto a yearly rent of l o d .

A rent charge of 33. 4d . receivab le fromland and

premises in th is parish , so ld toWi ll iamMab erly,

3d Edw. II ; and ano ther rent of 63. 8d . sold to

John de Northampton, 1 1 th Edw. III,arising from

two tenementswhich he held, subjec t to such rent

charge.

A rent charge of 8 3. perann. b ought of ThomasRufl

'

us Pinentar, issuing fromland which Henry

Pisterheld of him, situate in this parish , betweenthe land of Roger, the son ofAlan, and the land of

C lement P'sby ter.

St. Bartholomew the L ess.

A plot of land and appurtenances, lying oppositeSt. Bartho lomew’

s church , ab utt ing upon the king’

s

h ighway , north, and the land of Johh Be navente,south, granted to Thomas de Sibelling, c i tizen and

mercerof London, for 1 2 3. per annumrent, 41

Hen . III.

A rent of 6 3. perann. frompremises o f John deSuffo lk, carpenter, ‘

in this parish, c onveyed to himby Ralph de Coventre, rec torSEiBarth eiPfii.”

All Saints H eyWharf e.

A rent of 1 0 3. per ann . granted by Rosia de

Blemonte andWi l liamBlemonte her son, arisingfromland situate in th is parish , towardskeeping theanniversary obit ofWi l l iamElemente, her late husband, Ste .

A quit rent of 2 3. arising fromland in this parish,late ofWil liam, the monk (Nup’Wiiiimonachi,)granted byWil liamde Suba.

A cap italmessuage of Nicho lasMaunsel, situatein Vico Pontis London, in the ward ofWil liamWillkin, al derman ;with fourshops standing towardsthe highway , and all the ground behind them,

St e . granted by said Nicho las, subjec t to a yearlypayment to themonks of Redding, of 6 3. and of 6 3.

to the nuns of Godstowe.

And a rent charge of 2 0 3. perann. frompremisesin parSEi Bened

’

Sherhog inWarda de Foro,”subjec t to an outgoing 0 f 40 d . perarm. to themonkso f Bermondsey .

A rent charge o f 1 2 3. perann . fromland “ in

poch ia SéiAntonij, subj ec t to an annual payment0 f 6 3. to Martin, the son ofWil l iam.

Also, a yearly rent of 1 2 3. 6 d . held by themonks’of St . Saviour’s hospital, y ielding annual ly to saidmonks Duos Bosinos 8; anamlibramp ip is,” all

gran ted by the above named NicholasMaunsel .

An interest in c ertain houses, shops and cel lars,si tuate in this parish, which themaster of St.Giles’shospital, and the heads of several o ther rel igioushouses, released to Juliana, widow o f Geoffery le

Verhyrd , in considerat ion of 40 3. per arm. to bed ivided among themin such proportions as in grantspec ified .

Certain land,wi th a house and sollar, adjoining the

land late of Nic ho lasTurk, and containing in front,towards the bridgeway , 35; el ls, St e . granted to LawrencePistor, at a y early - ren t of and a shopadjoining the abov e,

.

and similarly described, demised toWil liamNigro, fishmonger, at a y earlyrent of 1 2 3.

St. Margaret Pontis.

Houses and land, which Robert de Stabulo gave,situate in the parish of St. Margaret in Vico Pontis,nex t the land o f Ralph de Comhull, granted to the

church and canons of St. Gilescf Cathal, at 4marks

perann.

A rent of 1 0 issuing frompremises situate inVico Pont is (Bridge- street) and 8 3. 7d . y early rent,granted by Adamde Basinge, in exchange for land

of

r'

rs ESTATES’

IN VARIOUS PAR I SHES.

o f hospital in St . Giles’

s parish,' ly ing between the

land of Robert Osgod andWilliamD ispensator.

St. L eonardEastcheap .

A quitrent 0 f4s. issuing fromland and housesheldof hospital byWal terAleman, situate “ in poch iaSéi Leonardi deEstchepe,

”abut ting on land of the

nuns of Kilburne and Allsman- lane, granted by

Gilbert of St . Faith ’

s, and Alic iaMaubane,hiswife.

Land at Estchepe, ly ing b etween land that JohnPalmere, b utcher, held, and other land of Robert

Longe, butcher, granted by Stephen, the son of

Thomas, the son of Nicholas, at a yearly rent of 2 3.

St. Benet Grasschurch .

'

Land,wi th the houses thereon and appurtenances,granted by Sib il la, daugh terofWi l liamde Ponte,

rel ic t of Gilbert de Chatnpeneis, subjec t to an annual

paymen t to the priorof Sandou, of 2 marks.

St. Andrea) H ubard .

A tenement of Herbert deWynton, released, wi ththe arrearages of rent, to Simon deWygornia, 46Hen. III, subjec t to ay early payment foreverof 6 3.

St. D unstanEast.A rent of 7 3. per annum, granted by IIereman

Theutonicus, issuing froma certainmessuage, withits sol lars and c el lars, and certain gut tersappertaining to samemessuage, and running underthe groundit was b ui lt upon, with way and passage to the

water of Thames, said messuage ly ing between a

tenemen t o f the fee of St . Thomas the Marty r of

Southwark, and the tenement ofWil l iamCorner.St. Olave next the Tower.

L and, the gift of Alexander le Ty lerand Agneshiswife, abut ting west upon the land of Stephen de

Cantia, and east towards the lane cal led Foule- lane,and containing lengthways towards the king

’

s h ighway , called Olof Strate, on the south

, 28 ells and

two inches towards the garden of John le Bans,cal led Blone Appleton, on the north, granted to

Robert le Hurer, at a yearl y rent of 2 0 d .

9 1

St. D ionisius Baclochurch .

A rent of 7 3. 6d . fromland held by Osbert Capis,in pdch ecciie Sbi Diousij que vocatur Bake

chireh,”bough t of Richard le Bel, y ielding to

Rogerde Turri 43. 6d. perannum.

St. Martin Orgar.

Land of the gift of Hugh Juvenis, granted to

Aldrico M°is, at a quit- rent of l 8s. perannum.

St. GilesCripp legate.

A rent- charge of 6s. arising fromland, with thehouses and appurtenances thereto b e longing, whichThomas Blundis (Tannator) held in fee in the

suburb s of London, at the Red Cross, in the parish

o f St . Giles, in cornerie v ic i sicut it t r'sas le

Beche, granted by Ed itha de Marsham, anno 38

of Hen. III

St. B otohih Aldersgate.

A rent- charge of 2 3. issuing fromland, St e .lying

on the east part of the church of St . Boto lph,against the way going to St . Bartholomew’

s, and

west between land of Eustachius de Edelmethon,

and houses and land which Arnulph Vilhakker,

smi th, held, granted by saidEustachius, Ste .

A rent- charge of 63. fromcertain ground and

houses thereon buil t, ly ing between land of Jo hn

deWenburne, south, and land which he held of

the hospital of St . John of Jerusalem, north, granted

by Simon Hakepe tit.Land abutting east on the way of Aldersgate,

and north on the land of Ralph Speciar, St e .

granted to Michael is de s8aElena de London,

goldsmith , at an annual rent of 43.

Land which Richard Carpenter held, situate inBreton Strate, in thisparish , ly ing nex t o ther lando f hospital, held by Gi lbert“Monetarius

, granted toWal terMolendin’

, at 43. perannumrent .

A quit - rent of 43. yearly , payab le by St . Bartbolomew’

s hospi tal , issuing froma tenement in the

parishes of St. Botolph without Aldresgate, and

St . Bridget:

92

St . Bridget the Virgin in Fleet Strete, to wh ichSt . Giles

’

s hospital released all c laimand arrearages,

9 Edw. II.

A tenement, situate without Aldrichesgate, in theparish of St . Botolph, in the suburbs o f London,

cal led theTaborer’in, demised toWil liamdeThame,a7th Edw. III, at a rent of 6 3. 8d. perannum.

Amessuage and appurtenances, the gift ofElenede Deserto, ly ing be tween the land of Arnulph le

Vilehakere and the land of Eustachius, granted to

Adamde Basinge, togetherwith a rent of 43. yearly ,issuing froma certain othertenement in the parishof St .Anne’

s.

Arent of 1 2 d . issuing froma tenement in the

parish of St . Bo tolph Aldersgate, the west end of

which abutted upon the king’

s highway , and the

east end thereof upon the Jews Garden sup’

Gar

dinu granted byWil l iamMilksoppe

(Alutar).

St. SepulchreEart Newgate.

Land and a tenement,situate in the parish of

St. Sepulchre, without the Bars of Smithfield,granted by Nicholas Chartel and wife, in puramet perpetuamelemosinam.

”

Lands and tenements, bequeathed by the wil l ofSirWi lliamde Langelee, and the rents, Ste . thence

issuing ; as also the rent of a v oid p lace or parcelof ground, late of John de la Fey te ; and also the

ST. GILES ’ S HO SPI TAL ;

rent of another tenement,situate without Newgate

next to the Great Gate, released anno 15Edw. IIIto the Abbot and Convent of Leycester.

Land granted to Edward Corri, situate in thi

parish .

Ty burne.

A croft a nd appurtenanc es, ly ing and being a

Tybume, in the c ounty of Midd lesex, graute

2 8Edw. III, to Simon Herny and wife ,

Westbarne.

Arent of issuing fromamessuage, houseand gardens, Ste . granted reg.Edw. I

, byWi l liaChabham.

Fouracres of land and appurtenances, si tuate iEdelmeton, in the county of Midd lesex

, and ly inbetween land late of Richard Isonde, on the eas

part, and the land ofWal ter le Bonde of To ttenham

, on the west ; and one end or front whereoabut ted upon the way leading fromHey bourne t

Det testile,on the south part ; and the o ther

, 0

north end,

upon premises described in deed

granted byWil l iamde Deméford, at a y early renof 63.

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94:

Tab le of

ST. GILES ’S HO SPITAL .

constituting it a rel igious community , takes that the king'

s ofiicers should not in future

the hospital under the espec ial protec t ion of have l iberty to farmany persons on the hes

the Roman see .

Anno 1 296.

The affairs of the hospital having becomeconsiderab ly embarrassed, in consequenceof - the nonpayment of rents due fromits

estates in . the c i ty , EDWARD I commands,by his ,precep t, the mayor and sheriffs of

London to assist in recovering the same .

N. B . Between this last date and the preceding one, v iz . 1 262 and 1 294, numerous grants appear to have beenmadeto the hospital, not only in London butthe neighbouring parishes ; so that th isseems to have been the erawhen itmostflourished . See Chap . IV.

Anno 1 30 3.

In consequence o f various quarrels and

dissensions stated to have taken place in the

hospital, to the great injury of its property ,

EDWARD I, this y ear, appo inted Geofi'

ery

de Birston, (one of the brethren of the house,)

master,wh ich seems to have b een the first

appo intment of that officerby the crown.

Anno. 1309 .

KingEDWARD II, at the request of the

master and brethren of the hospital, grantsleave to stop up . a common way , and

make other- improvements on their estate at

Felthamz— the manor of which as wel l aschurch they had nowbecome possessed of ;

the latterbeing the gift ofEarl Baldwin.

Anno 131 5.

A precept ofEDWARD IIis issued thisyear,commanding _the s eparation of the sound

,

and recovered, fromthe diseased lepers ; and

p ital, without the consent of the masterandbrethren thereof.

(Same Year)Consequencewhereof the

/

Londonersmadeapplication to the master, St e . cf St. Giles

’

s

hosp i tal , to admi t fourteen diseased c itizens,agreeab ly to the foundation statutes.

Anno 1331 .

KingEDWARD III, by his letterspatent ofthis date, rec ites by inspeximus the severalcharters of his predecessors to St. Giles

’

s

hospital ; all of which, with theirgrants andprivileges, he confirms.

Anno 1337.

Charter l o th . EDWARD III, rec it ing by

inspeximus the charter of EDWARD II, t e

spec ting the admission of improper personsinto hospi tal, 8t c . and confirming same withthe o therexemptions therein.

Anno 1347.

This y ear(probab ly in consequence of the

great p lague) the king, by his precept, di

rec ted to themayor o f L ondon, commandsal l lepers to be vo ided out o f the c ity , forfearo f spreading the infec tion. In

Anno 1354.

King EDWARD III grants the custody of

St. Giles’

s hospital to themasterof BurtonSt. Lazar(Richard Legh ton) in consequenceof the remission by the lat ter, of an annui tyof fortymarks, and the arrears due th

’

ereo’

n,

given to Burton by Richard,'

and chargeab leon the Exchequer. St. Giles

’

s,

-from“thisperiod, became only a cel l to Burton.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLEOF EVENTS.

.Anno 1358.

Certain ac ts of violence having been committed at the hospital, by persons apparentlyinimical to the transfer of it to Burton, in

whichmany of its records are stated to havebeen embezz led, thearchb ishopof Canterburyh indered in hisvisitation, St e . The king, byhiswrit, direc ts inquiry to bemade, and theoffenders to be punished.

Anno 1 377.

B ia RD II, by let ters patent c onfirmsthe grant of St. Giles

’

s hospital made byEDWAR D III to Burton ; and also confirmsall preceding grants of the Kings, his an

cestors.

Anno 1379 .

BrotherWil liamde Croxton (master of

Burton and warden of.

St. Gilés) exh ibitedin theExchequer this y ear, in order to theirb eing inrolled, the letters patent of l st

Ri cHARD II, above-mentioned, when the

same were inrolled accordingly , and are nowremaining among the records there .

Anno 1389 .

This year, brother Nicholas de Dover,masterof Burton and the successorofWill iamde Crox ton, wasconfirmed in thewardenshipof St . Giles

’

s hospital by RICHARD II,

agreeab ly to the gran t 47 EDWARD III.

But it being found by inquisition, that he hadbroken the foundation statutes by undulyreduc ing the lepers,and admi tting improperpersonson the charity ; hewasdisplaced— and

Anno 1389 ,

By letters patent, dated an. reg. sui 1 2,

the same king RICHARD did give and grant

to his beloved c lerk John Macclesfield, the

hospital of Saint Giles, described in such

grant as b eing then vacant . To hold duringl ife to said John Macc lesfield, with reversionto his heirs and said John dy ing, the sameking RicHARD afterwards— to wit,

Anno 140 2 .

Two years prior to ho lding the p leaslast-mentioned,

95

Anno 1390 ,

(the i3th of his reign,) granted in l ikemanner to his beloved c lerk Richard C lifford(afterwards bishop ofWorcester) the custodyof Burton St. Lazar, as wel l as the saidwardenship of St . Giles. To hold as before,

and subsequent ly, viz.

Anno 139 2 .

The same kingRICHARD_(in considerationof the remission of an annuity of 1 1 0 marks,payab le fromtheExchequer, and part of theendowment of the abbey of St . Mary of the

GracesTowerHill) did grant the said hos

p ital of St .G iles and the advocation thereof,wi th the church within the same hospital .To hold to the abbot of the saidmonasteryof St. Mary , to the properuses of the saidhospital . But

,

Anno 1404,

(5th HEN . IV,)— BrotherWal terde Lynton,or Lyntown, the propermaster of Burton,

having exh ib ited his comp laint b efore the

king’

s justic es,‘

that he was injured and

i l legal ly deprived of his righ t by the pre

ceding grants ; the king by his twrit d irec tedinquiry to be made ; and the matter beingformal ly p leaded, and the complain t of saidWal terappearing to b ejust, hewasreinstatedin hismastership of Burton and custody of

St . Giles. See ListMasters, Chap . II, p . 52 .

96 ST . G ILES’S HOSPITAL .

last -mentioned, (and probab ly preparatory‘

thereto,) the sameWalterde Lynton caused

a fairregister to b e made of all the grants,

c harters, and o ther. records be longing to

the hospi tals of Burton and St.Giles ; which

register fairly engrossed on vel lum, in two

v o lumes, fo l io, isnowpreserved at the BritishMuseum; .one volume being

'

appropriated to

the affairs of each hospital . See INTRO

D UCTION, p . 2 .

Anno 1413,

(l stHENBY V.) —Th is year was de tec ted a

supposed consp iracy of the sec t cal led L ol

lards, who met in the fields adjoiningSt . Giles

’

s hospital , headed by Sir John

Oldcastle, and o thers, and who afterwards

sufferedmartyrdomon the same spo t .

Anno 1415,

(2 ndHENRY V.)— Thisy earkingHENRY V,

by hisletterspatent, confirmed the grants of

his predecessors to St .Gilesf

s hospital , asalsothe grant of the custody of the lat ter to

Burton St . Lazar by EDWARD III. As see

carta regisHenric i Q uint i an . reg sui 2. " do

pat . part m. 1 7. In Turr. Lond . asservat ;_and of th is account, p . 26 86 2 7.

Anno 1461 ,

(l st ofEDWARD IV.)— An ac t ofresumption,o f this date, spec ial ly protec ts the interests ofSt .Giles

’

shospital , and ascertains the number

of lepers it was tomaintain in case of ucc easity ,of the king

’smenial servants. See p . 2 7.

Anno 1 547.

HENRY VIII grants his l icence to LordL isle, to convey St . Giles

’

s hospital and partof itsremaining estatesand appurtenances, toWymond Carewe, Esq . ; after which the

hospital site was d ivided amongst variouspossessors

See the following h istory of the parish , fornotices as to several of these, and theirheirs, aswel lasrelative to the subsequent appropriation of the hospital seite, and its estatesin St . Giles

’

sparish .

Anno 1537.

This year, Thomas Ratc lifl'

e, master of

Burton St. Lazar, andWarden o f St . Giles’

s

hospital , made an exchange with kingHENRY VIII, of the most valuab le estatesof the latter, particularly those si tuate inSt .Giles

’

sparish, forcertain landsin Leicester

shire— the signal of its dissolution.

Anno 1 539 .

“

T HE SUPPRESSION .

The hospital of Burton St . Lazar, with itsdependent cel l of St . Giles’s hospi tal, and

general ly allmonasteriesthroughoutEngland,d issolved this y earby kingHENRY vrn.

Anno 1 545.

HENRY VIII (afterhaving re tained themin his own hands unti l this year) grants the

said d issolved hospitals and most o f theirestates to John Dudley , Viscount L isle, St e.

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ST. G ILES’

S PARI S H .

EXTENT AND POPUL ATION .— There is every reason to suppose, fromthe

evidence of exist ing documents, that the parishwas original ly ofmuch greaterextent than at present though what were then its prec ise boundaries, itmay at th is d istance of t ime b e difficult to ascertain. On its north side, it

seems to have inc luded Totten - hal l , nowTottenham- c ourt , with much of the

preb endal land of thatmanor; and on the east side, to have included thewhole

of the parish of St . George theMartyr, and t o have extended into St . Andrew

Ho lborn, and St . Pancras parishes. Itswest and south l imits afford field ford iscussion . Taking the whole parish however to have b een antiently of its

present d imensions, it would have been butted and bounded as fol lows ; v iz .

On thewest by St. Pancras, St . Mary- la- b ourne, andEldestrate, orOld - street ;

wh ich latter divided it fromthe fields ofWestminster, then forming part . of

p arish, afterwards of St . Mart in’s, _and now of - St . Anne’

s

parish ; on the north, and part ly on the .east , by the parish of St . Pancras ; on

the east, in other part, by themanorof Portpole, and the parish of St . Andrew

Ho lborn, and also by land of the Old Friary , nowL inco ln’

s Inn Gardens and

on the south, in part by St . C lement Danes, and in other part by the antientwater- course called Marsh land D itch ,

”

(wh ich wil l be not iced hereafter,)wh ich separated it fromthe land adjoining the garden of the Abbots ofWestminster, nowL ong Acre.

The populat ion , in early t imes, can on ly be guessed at fromthe grants of

land, Sac . to and fromthe hosp ital ; wh ich , as appears in the ab strac t just

given of them mention the names of the various holders and occup iers of

premises in d ifferent parts of the parish , and afford tolerab le h ints formakingan estimate. It appears fromthese, that the grantors of estates in wh ich the

hospital had a property , may be reckoned at a distance as far back as the

commencement of the fourteenth century , atmore than one hundred, ex c lu

Siv ely of the inmates of the hosp ital itse lf, and those persons in whose estates

that foundat ion had no concern, and whomconsequently its records do not

notice. That these, howev er, were not all the resident householders, will b e

evident, when it is considered that there must have b eenmany inhab itants inthe

and the p arishes unsainted ; which divorc ing This is meant of the parish , b eforeo f the parishes fromtheir sain ts

,continued St. George

’

s B loomsbury parish was taken

unt il the y ear 1 660 , when at the restoration out o f it .

o f king CharlesII, they were again restored .

” History ofHospital, Chap . IV.

— Survey of London, vol . l l , p . 7, bookV.

EARLY POPULATION.—ROADS AND DITCHES .

the parishWhohad no possessions; And perhaps itmaynet be t oo~much to say”,that there was at the remote~ period alluded to,

"

at least two hundred 'holders of

lands and tenements in the parish . If we add to this’

nurnbera‘

dne proport ion

of inmates, and take into the account the hospital; estab l ishment, the aggregate

wi l l then not'

fall mach short of one thousand persons. t r-In t he first‘

tyear‘

of

Edward“

VI, the'

number of houseling '

p eop le; as they is stated

at three hundred and five ; and there does not seemmuch reason -to suppose,

judging fromthe smal l increase of bui lding in the parish‘

; that that numberwas greatly augmented unt il late in the ‘

reign of queenEl iz abeth .-The ‘increase

of inhabitantS'after that period iS '

astonishing being stated in an account

received by vestry fromthe churchvvardens, anno 171 1 , (and taken‘

pursuant

to the Act of Parl iament forbuilding churches,)at two thousand nine hundred

and n inety - n ine housekeepers ; whereof there were two hundred and sixty - nine

gentlemen one thousand n ine hundred and twenty - three t radesmen; and

e ight hundred and seven poor housekeepers‘making at an estimate of about

seven persons to each house, a total of twenty - one thousand persons

ROADS AND D ITCHES.— The who le parish ,

'

antiéntly asat present,was dividedinto north and south by the h ighway ; cal led ST; GILEs

’s STREET, “

or the

Strata Sci Egidij, and HoLEBURNE,' wh ich was the ;

great and p rinc ipalthoroughfare. Th is street is termed in the old deeds, Gara Reg ;

‘

Via

regia de SciEgidij Via regia'

qui ducit de L ondon vv ersus

(5

) Primo die ‘January anno primo r. r.

Edward l VI. A brief dec laration concern

ing col leges, bro therheades,”St e.

at the parish church ,'

and not to house

holders. Unhousel’

d, unano inted, una

neal’

d,

”

(Hamlet) is the not having receivedthe eucharist, and ex treme unc t ion'

. And

they refer to TEx rus ROFPEN S IS, where itis- said the monks ofl

'

ering to performall

the func tions of houselling,”St e . To MO RT

’

D'

ARTHUR, so when he was houselled and

anointed, and had all that a Christ ianmanough t to have

,

”St e. Also to FAB IAN

’

S

St . Giles in y° Fe lde,memorand’

.

Ther is of howseling peoplereg.Edw. VI.t

'

wmthe said p l sche the numb erof cccv.

”

Copy c ertificate of co l leges, St e. 1 Edw.VI,Augmentation Office .

Houselled (fromwhich houseling peop le)is explained by the commentators of Shak

speare, to mean, the havingHouselled and

housellmg peo taken the Sacrament, or Lord

’

sM y }:P at

Supper. This census mighttherefore only app ly to such as fromage and

o ther circumstances, were communicants

C HRo N . (1 Chy ldrenwere long spreadthrough all the land, andmen houselly d andaneallyd,

”St e . These quotat ionsapparently

remove al l doub ts as to t he truemeaning of'

the termhousel led, which probab lywas derived fromthe Anglo Saxon noun substan

tive, husel, or the eucharist .l n 1 80 1 , and 1 81 1 , the returnsmade

0 2

100

Eldestrate.

Le Lane.

ST. GILES’S - PARI SH .

It wasch iefly inhab ited at first onthe north Side along which appear tohave been scattered dwel lings fromits eastern extremity to the Pitaunc e Croft(which faced the hospital,)with gardens behind themreach ing to the ditch,

wh ich bounded the south side of Blemundesbury or Bloomsbury . In the

midst of th isprinc ipal street, was the “jbntcmcommunem,” that is the common

sp ring or conduit,which supplied the parish ionerswith water; and near it , and

exactly fac ing the north end of Aldewych, was a stone cross cal led AL DEWYCHCRoss, with an adjoining cottage, St e. Beyond ran Ho lborn, exac tly in the

line of the present street , and terminated the eastern end of the parish , near

the Barramv eteri Templi,” which occasioned it to b e denominated St . Gi leswithout the Bars of the old Temple,” (extra Barramv et

’ Temp l i,) andbefore the building of the Temple, St . Giles without the Bars of L ondon.

”

Return ing to the western end of the parish, was anotherprinc ipal thoroughfare

called ELDESTRADE, orOld - street, (nowcalled Crown- street,)leading fromthenorth toWestminster; and beh ind the hospital wal ls, was a third and lesser

road called LE L ANE, nowMonmouth - street . The fourth chief h ighway was

the VIA DEAL DEWYCH ,

”

(the present Drury - lane,) wh ich gave name to theland adjoining it on both sides, and was of very great antiquity . The minorways and paths, of which there were several intersecting otherparts of the

parish , have no distinguish ing denomination in the old grants.

The D itcheswere, on the north side,BLEMUND’S DYCHE called in after

tirnes Bloomsbury Great D itch and Southamp ton Sewer, and which divided

the twomanorsof St . Gilesand Bloomsbury . Thisran at adistance, backwards,of

under the population ac ts, passed in those y ears, for the parish of St . Giles in the Fields,inc luding B loomsbury , were as fo l lows

(7

) The south side o f Broad - street, and prietors. North of that line is part of the

of Holborn, for a c onsiderab le distance, is Bedford estate : B lemund ’

s di tch d ividedv ested in the Crown, and in private pro the two .

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ST. GILES’S PAR I SH:

Ch ie CHIEF PARTITIONS OF LAND .

tions land.

rsrA'

rss.

Afterwards cal led Marsh land .

”The

who le of that trac t of ground ly ing on thesouth side of the church, bo unded east,

Ralph de Sep t’

Font"

and

St . Giles’

s hospi tal .

Ralph de VVennington,Serlo de VVennington,

and

Hospi tal .

Hospi tal .

The Knigh ts Templar:and

Hospi tal .

TheSt G

'

I h"

l'

Pitaunc e Croft, ac .

1 es 5 ” PM

Feod’

de Blemund’

and The Blemund andadjoining land . Russel family .

The tenants under the above, of whose number some'

idea has been just

given, were of various descript ions, and held greater or lesserquantit ies of land ,according to their condit ion and c ircumstances. Fewhoweverpossessedmorethan two acres in one situation, andmore general ly but one, or half an acre.

To

Cal led Socha deWennington,” and

comprehending the land reaching fromthe east end o f Merslade to the “

v ia

regia de Aldewy ch .

”

The land ex tending east fromthe via

regia de Aldewy ch to the north- west sideof Fikattesfeld, bounded north

,by

Holborn, and south, by the Campo deAldewych

Adj oining the south side of the ab ove,bounded by the v ia regia rle Aldewych

west, by Size C lemen t

’

Dacor’

south, and

east, by

The trac t of land adjo ining the west

side of the above,hounded east , by the

oldTemple, north ,byHo lborn, and south,by Size Clement ’ Dacor,

’

Ste.

North Side.

Six teen acres of inc losed land, wi thadj oining ground ly ing towards the

north-west ex tremity of the parish, opposite the hospital gate

Nearly the whole land, now cal ledBloomsbury , wi th part of the prebendTot tenhall,

TENEMENTS,AND DWELL INGS .

— APPEARANCE.

To t hese portions‘

of ground, wh ich were for the most part laid out in curt i

lages orgardens, were attached cottages. The uncult ivated partsconsisted of

pasture land andmarshland .

TENEMENTS AND DWEL LrNes.— The dwellings, though mostly confined to

part icularp laces, were at the early period we are treat ing of, considerab le in

number. A great part , it has b een observed, stood on the north side of

St . Giles’sHigh - street ; next towh ich, the south side of Ho lborn, fromthe end

of Aldewy ch to nearHolborn Bars, was ch iefly built on . These, wemay presume, were in general shop s several of the houses so situated being expresslydescribed as such in the Old grants and leases of them; wh ich also spec ify the

part icular trades or cal l ings of their occup iers, many of whomsubscribe such

deedsaswitnesses. Amongst these very early parish ioners, tradesmen, occur

the names of Gerv’le Lyngedrap , Hugh Fab er, Reginald le Tai l leur, Adam

Cementarius,Wi l l iamle Chandeler,Wil l iamleMason, and various others‘

(The most inhab ited part of the parish however, at th is t ime, seems to haveb een on the east side of Aldewych , or site of the present Parker

’

s- street,

L ewknor’

s- lane, &e. wh ichwas covered with houses and gardens. The onlyresidences of magnitude not iced in the old grants, are the cap italmessuages‘

ofWil l iamBlemund andW. de Thurkeby , and the Croshe Hose, Swan - on

le -Hop , and the Rose (the latter inns orhouses of entertainment).GENERAL APPEARANCE, &c .

- L ike its neighbour parishes in the suburbs,

the soi l of St . Giles’s in very remote t imes seems to have been Wet and

marshy ; this is not only ind icated by the d itches just enumerated, but bythe various places in its vic inity , wh ich terminate their names with the

add it ion of bourne”

or brook, as Tye- bourne,West - bourne, Old - bourne,

See. and wil l be st il lmore evident in further describ ing the parish Afterthe foundat ion of its hosp ital,wh ich no doubt attrac ted newresidents, muchof the land wemay presume was drained , wh ich oc casioned it to b e intersec tedby the d itches al luded to, and caused a degree of cul t ivation to take p lace, of

wh ich it would not otherwise have b een capab le. Accord ingly , about the

reign of John, and the ages immediate ly succeeding, the greater part ,'

as

observed,

SeeAccount o f Hospital, Chap . IV, ponds, particularly the latter,mention beingwhere these, and many o ther names o f the frequent ly made in the parish b ooks, of

antient parishioners, 8Lc . occur. ac c idents happening, almost with inmemory ,See Ac count o f Marshland ; and til l at Marlyn

’

s Po nd,

”Capper

’

s Pond,”

of late day s, it abounded with di tches and Smith’

s Pond, Sec .

1 08

ST.

‘ GILES’S PAR I SH

observed, was laid out in garden plots, intermixed with cottages, a nd peop led

with inhab itants, and must then - have presented the appearance of a con

siderab le and popu lous such was then the general face of the

parish .-

‘

Its lands, for the most part pasture, or c overed with gardens and

cottages,'

div ided by d itches, and crossed by roads and ways of a character

completely rural . Heightening these features of rustic ity , lay its High - street,

bordered with c ountry shops, and venerab le fromits ant ient stone cross and

hosp ital accompanimentswh ichmust have given to the whole a c onsiderab le

share of p ic turesque effect , and j ustified the termv illage, usual ly appl ied to it

in old writings. The following

PLAN OF THEPARISH IN ITS ANTIENT STATE,

Is an attempt made fromthe descriptions in the hosp ital grants, to localiz e

and fix the situat ions and boundaries of the various estates in it, in order to

afford an ideaof themcollec t ively , as theymight have existed at the timeFor ages subsequent to the period nowmentioned, the parish probably

exh ib ited a similar appearance. The firstmaterial alterat ion seems to havetaken place some t ime previously to the reign of Henry VIII, and to have

happened in consequence of nearly the whole land becoming vested in the

This is confirmed by Fitzstephen,

Speaking of the west suburbs, h e

Fitzstephen’s

'

says, On al l sides, without

Zigggu‘

fit

fif the houses, are the c itizensreg. gardens and orchards, p lantedwith trees, b o th large, sigh t ly and adjoiningtogether. On the north side, are also

pastures,‘

and plain meadows, wi th brooksrunning through themturning water-mil ls

,

with a pleasant noise. Not faroff, is a great

forest,”

(5. e. between the north side o f Lon

don and the Hampstead and H ighgate hil ls,)a wel l wooded c hase

,having good covert

forhorses,”St e . The c orn fields are not

o f a hungry mould , b ut as the frui tful fieldso f Asia

, y ielding p lentiful increase, and

fil l ing th e barnswith c orn.

”

In order to b etter understand th is

Plan (f parish,p lan, itmust be Observed, that

as ant lerrtlymnd the Viewis intended to exhib it‘f ' St . Giles

’

s parish as it appears

hosp ital.

(by the deeds) to have b een divided and b ui l ton in the early part of the reign of Edw. l l I,‘

some Of the b uildings, as the Swan - ou

the- Hop, and the Rose, being of that pe

riod . The greater part o f the dwell ings,however, as wel l as the ch ief parti tions of

land, are described in deeds as farbackas thereigns of John, Henry III, and the twoEdwards. The whole therefore of the b ui ldings, Ste .might no t in stric tness be contemporary , as here shewn, but would have beennearly so, as the al terationsmust have beenbut few during the interval which e lapsedb etween the dates of the first and lat terdeeds — the princ ipal distric ts (which wil l beful ly described hereafter)were asmarked inthe . p lan ; the Hospi tal si te— Merslade

Newlond— Aldewyc h, west and east— the

Campo deAldewy ch fl Fikat tesfeld, land nextthe bars o f Ho lborn— the Pitaunce Croft,

Blemundsbury f w- Seman Russel’

s land, St e .

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106

Drury- lane.

f .

'

ST .

‘

G ILES’S PAR I S H. Q

t io’

ns reaching fromthe church to Drury- lane, wh ich have gardens and closes

extending behind themas in old t imes. The entrance to Drury- lane fromSt :

Gil es’s- street, has on each side a fewhouses, but the lane itself appears a

mere country road, separated fromthe fields by embankments of earth . Drury

House, fromwhich the lane took its name, is intended to be represented by

the c lusterof buildings towards its south - east end. The sites of several of the

present streets, asGreat Queen- street, L ongAcre, Ste . are shewn as commonfoot -

paths. Covent Garden, which was then wall ed round , with all the land

to the north of it, (nowL ong Acre and the Seven D ials,)aswell as the whole

tract of ground to the north and west of L incoln’s Inn Fields, and that now

fine square itself were unbuilt on ; and in Holborn, the houses do not commence unt il nearly opposite the present L itt le Queen - street . To account for

so large a d istrict as St . Giles’s parish , remaining until so late a period in great

part destitute of dwel l ings, (stand ing as it did cont iguous to the court'

end of

the town, and otherwise eligible in various respects,) wemust suppose other

causes to have operated than chance ; and such, in fac t , are to b e found in

the proh ib it ions of Elizabeth, and her successor James, against building in thesuburbs

FIRST BUIL D INGS.— Tll e first era of building was a little b efore 1600 , atWh ich period Holborn b egan to b e connec ted by houses with St. Giles

’

s

street A large port ion of the ant ient hosp ital wal l was demolished, and

residences erected to the east and west ends of the church , aswell as on the

south side. On both sides of St“. Giles’s- street itself, the dwell ingswere al so

mult iplied.

By royal proc lamation, dated July1 580 , the queen, on the motion o f the lord

Boyd pmdmmay or, commands “

all persons

mations against of what quality Soever they b e,M idi"? to desist and forbear fromany

new buildings of any house or tenementwithin threemilesof any of the gates of the

said c ity , to serve forhab i tation or lodgingfor any person, where no former house isknown to have been withinmemory o f suc h

as are now l iving — and also to forbear fromlet tingOrset ting, orsuffering anymore famil ies than one only to b e p laced, or inhabitfromhenceforth

,in any house that hath been

heretofore inhabited,”Ste. under the penal

ties therein described. The proc lamationsof the early part o f James Ist

’

s reign as to

th is subjec t, are of a similar import ; andthough it appears, that the proh ib itions of

bo th sovereigns were in many instancesevaded, y et they no doub t much impededthe progress of building o f new houses in

this and o therparishes in the suburbs.

On the high- stree t (Ho lborn)have

y e many faire houses b uilded, and lodgingsfor gentlemen, inns for travel lers and such

l ike, up almost (for it lacke th but l i ttle) toSt . Giles- in- the- Fields.

” —Stowe’

s Survey ,ed. 1 595.

1

PARTS BU ILT ON BEFORE1708.

mult iplied. Ten‘

yearsafterwards, the plan ofWestminster, in'

Speed’sGreat

Britain, exh ib its the commencement of Great Queen- street, and a cont inua

t ion of houses on bot h sides of Drury - lane. And fromth is t ime, v iz . the latter

end of the reign of El izab eth , and the b eginning of the reign of James, theincrease of bui ld ing was great as by the assessmentmad e in 16Q3, the wholenumbero f houses rated appears to hav e then amounted to 897. Among the(p laces enumerated, upwards of twenty courts yards and alleys arementionedby name, exc lusively of the main streets, few, if any of which exist ed until

t hat t ime. In B loomsbury was erected one hundred and thirty - six houses,

and one hundred more on the north side of St . Giles’s- street . On the south

side of the same street, includ ing Midl e Row,

”the number of houses is

stated at seventy - one. In Drury- lane, and the adjacent ground

'

on each side

of it , fifty- six residences are named, most of them, judging fromthe qual ity

of their inhab itants, first- rate bui ld ings. In Great Queen -street fifteen housesonly were bui lt . At Holborn end , the housesassessed are ten . These are theamount of bui ld ings in the princ ipal thoroughfares, and will

"

afford an idea

of the numbers in other parts of the parish , wh ich wi l l be not iced in their

properplaces. The additions in build ing wh ich took p lace during the Inter

regnum, do not seemto have been except that the chief

streetswere gradual ly comp leted . With the Restorat ion, a second grand era

o f bui ld ing commenced in the parish . L incoln’

s- Inn Fields, wh ich had beenlaid out and part ly built by Inigo Jones, was further improved, and the housesfinished on the south side of Queen - street, _besidesmany ind ividualmansions

'

of eminence erected . And“

th is spirit of building cont inued, not only duringthe remainder of Charles IId ’

s reign , but during those of James II,Wi ll iamand Mary , and Anne, (owing in greatmeasure to leasing themarsh land, and

other crown lands in the parish,)sothat at length the whole parish , some partof B loomsbury excepted, b ecame ent ire ly covered with houses, and containedaccord ing to an account printed, anno 1708 the fo l lowing inhab itedstreets and places, viz . St . Giles

’

s Broad - street, fromthe Pound to Drury

lane,Owing perhaps as in the formeria

stances to the ac t Of parl iament made anno

xl ct against 1 656, wh ich enac ted, that for“ddmg’m55'

every dwel l ing- house, outhouse,

oro therb uilding, erec tedwith in the suburbs,”

St e. since the 2 5th March 162 0 , not havingfour acresof land, .at the least

,continual ly

therewi th used, there should be paid to‘

the

commonweal th one ful l And

that all who should after th is, build anyhouse or c ot tage upon a new foundation,within the said suburbs; or wi thin tenmilesthereof, should forfeit the entire sumof

NewViewof London.

P 2

1 07

Numberofhouses in

1 623.

Subsequent

additions inbuilding.

108 ST. GILES’S PAR ISH.

lane, both sides of the way ; TottenhamCourt Road, part of

the east side of Hog L ane orCrown - street, fromthe Pound to the Greyhound‘Tavern ; the eastemly side

‘

ofWeld - street ; all the seven streets common lycal led the Seven D ials or Cock and .Pye Fields, and Castle - street . The east

side of Drury - lane south to the Maid - in - the-Moon, two doors south of the

Horseshoe Tavern inc lusive, and all itswest side ; Princes- street in Drury

lane, both sidesof the way toWeld - street end the north side of Duke - street

and on the south side fromthe Portugual ambassador’s to L incoln’

sInn Fields;al l the three sides of L incoln’

s Inn Fields, and L oueh’s Buildings, south to

the Black Jack inclusive. On the south side of Holborn, fromSt . Giles’s

street to the Boot and Gridiron, a little east of Great Turnst ile, and on the

north side to two doors east of the Vine Tavern ; Kingsgate - street, both sides

of the way to Eagle - street, and'

to the corner on the west side ; likewise all

King- street Bloomsbury, and Great Russell - street, thence to TottenhamCourtRoad .

”

REMARxs.— It has b een shewn that the two grand eras in building, and con

sequently in the increase of populat ion in the parish ,were the latter end of the

reign of El izab eth, or rather the middle of the reign of James I, and the

b eginning of that of Charles II to wh ich perhaps should be added as a third,the reign ofWi l l iamand Mary , and Anne, when the whole building of the

Seven D ialswas b egun and completed . The contrast in each of these periodsis striking At the terminat ion of the reign of James I, the number of houseswas only eight hundred and ninety - seven . About the latter end of the reign

of Charles II, it had increased to more than two thousand . In the re ign of

Anne, the numb erof housesamounted to upwards of three thousand, (althoughthe Seven D ialsandmuch of itsneighbourhood was then unfinished .) In 1801 ,the number, inc luding Bloomsbury , was three thousand eight hundred and

sixty - one ; and in 181 1 , it amounted to four thousand eight hundred and

twenty l eigh t . Th e total of the yearly rent of the houses in the parishes of St .G iles and St . George Bloomsbury, as charged to the poor

’s rate for the year

1730, amounted to for 1760 , to for1791 , to

for 1801 , to and for 1811 , to

The arch itecture of the houses, observes a late writer, (speaking of the

modern state of th is parish ,) and the variet ies in the width of the streets,

are full of contrast . Numb ers of the hab itat ions seemcalculated forthe depthofmisery ; others forthe extremes of opulence and the streets expand fromth irteen, fifteen, and twenty feet, to sixty oreighty feet wide.

”

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S T: GILES’S PAR IS H.

it reached the end of it at the corner of Crown - street aforesaid, and comprehended the ent ire site of the hosp ital of St . Giles, nowoccupied by the church ,Sic . the Seven D ialsand neighbourhood , formerly called the Marshland,andall the land thence eastwards as faras Drury - lane, antiently dist inguished bythe name of ALDEWYCHWEST.

Second D iv ision.

2 . South Side Of the Parish— Al dewy ch East, 850 .

Th is d ivision included the ground nowcovered by L ewknor’s- lane, Parker.

street, &c. as faras the back of Great Queen- street, south ; being bounded byDrury

- lane, west— Holborn, north— and L ittle Queen - street, east .

Th ird D iv ision.

3. South Side Campumde Aldewy ch , orOldwick Close.

Th is division c omprehended the site of the presentWeld - street, Princes

street , and . their neighbourhoods ; being bounded north by Great Queen

street ; South, by the back of Princes- street , part of Duke - street, 8cc . west,by Drury

- lane and east, by L incoln’s Inn Fields.

4. South Side— Fikattefeld and Holborn Bars.

Th isd ivision inc luded the whole of L incoln’s Inn Fields, and the streets,

&c . in its vic inity , (forming. part of St . Giles’s parish ,) to the east and north ,

with the land next Holborn Bars, nowWh etstone ’s Park, Sec . as far east and

west , as fromten houses beyond Turnst ile to L ittle Queen - street , with the

half of Holborn on that side.

Fifth D iv ision .

5 . North Side of Parish— BloomsburyWest .Reach ing fromTottenhamCourt Road, west, to Charlotte - street and Gower

street, east ; bounded north by St . Pancras parish , and south by St. Giles’

s~

street including all the streets, courts, 8m.Within that district .Sixth D iv ision.

6. North Side'

of D itto— Bloomsbury East .Extending fromCharlotte and Gower- streets, west, to the extremity of the

parish , east, and bounded north and south, as above ; inc luding the remainder.of the present parish of St . George Bloomsbury.

NATURAL D IVI SIONS OF PAR I S H.

C H A P. I.

NATURAL DIVISIONS OF PARISH.

Names of early L andholders, theirEstates, and antient Tenants orOccup iers

of ; Account of Streets and Places built on, and other Particulars, viz .

D iv ision I Town’s End, to Aldewy chW'est) —Rose and Gr

own Yard ;

D udley- court ; L loy d

’s- court ; D enmark- street ; Stidwell- street ; H og - lane ;

M onmouth - street ; Seven Dials, and its antient D itch, called Cock and Py e

D itch ; B owl Yard ; South Side (f St. Giles’s- street ; Short

’s Gardens

B rownlow- street, (Sea— D iv ision II— Aldewy ch East— L ewknor’s- lane Coal

Yard ; Parker’s- lane ; Great and L ittle Queen- streets ; Newton- street and

St. Thomas’s- street. -D ivision III Camp o de Aldewy ch,” or Oldwick

Close — H olford Family , and their Gif t of Estate here to Poor ; B uildingson, and Inhabitants in Reign (y

o Charles I, with Account of Cockp it and

Phcenia' Play houses ; Weld, orWild - street ; Queen and Princes- streets ;

H olford - court ; Cockp it- court, ism— Div ision IV Filcattesfeld and L and

next the Bars — Antient State ofi and Particulars as to, including Account

of L incoln’s- Inn Fields, and of H olborn, Whetstone’

s Park, (SmDivision V B loomsburyWest, —Account of Pitaunce Croft, and otherantient

Estateson, and of Streets, Syc. subsequently built on the irSites, viz . B ainbridge

and Buclcridge- streets ; Church- street Dy ot- street ; Plumtree and Charlotte

streets, Syd — D ivision VI B loomsbury East, — 0rigin of the Name ofB loomsbury ,

”and Account ofi and of the Streets, é

’

gc . built on, viz . Great

Russel- street, and noble mansions there ; B loomsbury - square and Market ;

Kingsgate, Southamp ton, and other Streets.

SOUTH SIDE— DIVISION FIRST.

FromTowns- end to ~ Aldewy chWest.THIS port ion of the parish commenced at itswestern extremity with the

hospital of St . Giles, orratherwith the h ighway or lane wh ich ran under its

walls, formerly cal led Hog- lane, but denominated in antient records Old -5

street, orOldestrate, and somet imesEldestrate ; and the old way veteriv ico”

)being the great thoroughfare fromthe north, by Tottenhall, nowTottenham

Court

112 ST. G ILES ’S PAR ISH.

‘

Court Road, toWestminster; and was of the extent , and bounded as has

b een just described. It contained the Marsh land, orMerslade ; Newlond, and

Aldewych, west .

Marshland,'

ar L e Merslade.

Of the hosp ital, wh ich occup iedmuch of th is tract, a full account has been

given . The part of its estates about to b e described lay immediately beh indit, being d ivided fromthe hospital itself , by the road orway called L e L ane,and comprehended the whole of the ground since covered by the Seven D ials

and its neighbourhood . It is called in very old deeds Merslade,”

and L e

Meryslade, apparently contrac t ions forMeres- land and in later doc umentsMarshland, and the Marshlands ; names probab ly given it fromthe ant ientnature of the

'

soil, wh ich if not originally amere or lake, was, as has been

noticed, certainly ,wet andmarshy

Ralph de SeptemFontibz, master of St . Giles’s hospital, was eitherin his

own right, or that of the charity he presided over, lord of the fee of Mers

lade underwhomheld as tenants, Herbert de Redermere, (the hosp ital cook,)Rob ert le Harriere and wife, under tenants to the said Herb ert ; Peter, the

son of Richard An ime ; Roger Kimbe, and Roger the son of Al an . By these

tenants various grants were sub sequent ly made to other persons, or to the

hosp ital , the latter of wh ich previously to the suppression possessed the whole

of Marsh land . On ly one house is ment ioned as standing on th is spot at

the above early period (reign of Edw. I,) wh ich , by the descript ion of it,

seems tohave been a house of pub lic entertainment; Th isbuildingwasreleased,2 1 Edw. I, by its owner, Herb ert de Redermere, to the hosp ital, under the

name of all thatmessuage with itsappurtenances, situate in the parish of the‘fsaid hosp ital, cal led L e Croshe Hose .

” Ment ion ismade in a second deed of

the t ime, of a rent - charge fromland adjoining and in other instruments,of land and a garden, but without notic ing houses though it seems very probab le, thatmost of the small port ions of land transferred, had cottagesattached,part icularly those termed gardens.

”

Merslade antiently extended beyond mere,

”signifies a b oundarymark, as also a

Old - street ,” into the fieldso fWestminster, lake, and migh t ei ther be descrip t ive o f its'

where it joined ano ther piece of land of the c ircumscribing the parish that way , oral ludesame nature, cal led Longmere,

”

(as see to the wet andmarshy si tuation of the spo t.chap. II. The termination

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314, ST'

. G ILES’S PAR I S H .

Viaregia de Al dewych on the east ; Newland, just described, on the west ; thethe land of the abbots ofWestminster, nowL ong Acre, on the south, and the

Strata Sé‘

iEgidijon the north.

In the reigns of John and Henry III, this land was of the fee of St. Giles’s

hospital, and Ralph, and Serlo deWenningtone orWenningtun ; the part belonging to the latter being call ed in old deeds Socha, orSoc

’deWenning tone.

”

About wh ich t ime, it was tenanted by John de Cruce 3underwhomheld

Hugh Faber (the smith,)Jul iana de L ey cester, Dom‘ Henry Cales (chaplain,)John de Garderoba,Williamle Chandeler, and others.

The corner, or north -west end of Drury- lane, presented at the above remote

date the rural appearance of a country smith’s forge, the situat ion and neigh

bourhood of wh ich are c ircumstantially described in a grant of the t ime, bywh ich the said John de Cruce demises to Hugh , the smith , all that his land

situate at the angle orcornerformed by themeeting of the two streets, whereof

the one comes fromSt . Giles’s, and is called Strata SciEgidij and the other

goes towards the Thamesby thefirge of the said Hugh , and is cal led Alde'

ay ch.

And wh ich land begins on the east part of the said corner, and stretcheswest

wards towards the hosp ital of St . Giles’s and again beginning at the said

corner or forge, and fac ing the Spring extends southwards towards the

Thames, in a line with the street cal led Aldewy ch , by the garden of Roger,the son of Allan.

” Adjoining De Cruce’

s land, of wh ich the above premisesformed part , were themessuage and ground of Jul iana de L ey cester, of Robertle Chandeler, &c . ; and al so in the same d iv ision, fiv e cottages with curt i

lages,” which were granted by their owner John de Garderoba to the

hosp ital . Certain houses,the numbernot ment ioned, of Sir Henry le Cales,

sty led C apellanus, described in the grant as b eing situate at the north -west

cornerof Al dewych, orratherNewland ; and amessuage of John deWatynge,situate to the eastward of the above. Roger the son of Allan, had also a garden

here, aswell asanotheron the Marsh land, opposite, of wh ich, and of the fore

going premises,more part iculardescriptionswill be found amongst the hosp italdeeds.

(3

) Or of the cross; probab ly derived with water,and the si tuation of wh ich has

fromhis residence nearAldewy ch cross. been before described.

3 “account”Fontem

.

Communem,

”

(3) Or keeper of the wardrob e, to An

h

gmitq l. the common Spring or fountain thony Bec , b ishop of Durham. See ac

0 up.w.

which suppl ied the parishioners count of hospital .

TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCHWEST.

Fromthe period just treated of, until the dissolution of the hosp ital ; few

al terat ions took place in th is part of the parish . On that event, and the

transfer of the hospital estates, the numerousmessuages and smal l gardenplots on it disappeared . Th is will be seen by referring to the PLAN of the

PARISH in the reign of Elizabeth, and comparing it with the preceding one of

it in its ANTIENT STATE.

”Fromthese, the decrease in the population will

be apparent . For though in the prec incts inclosed by the hospital wal ls

add it ional residences may be observed, yet the adjoining tracts of ground

appearnearly dest itute Of dwe l l ings. On theMarshland not a single house is

to b e seen, and only a few scattered hab itat ions on the St . Giles’s- street or

Aldewy ch . The land both here and in the greaterpart of the parish, as has

b een b efore noticed, having returned tomere pasture.

About the year 1600, the whole north side of the hosp ital wall had given

way to a row of houses ; and b etween that date and 1623, there had arisen

fromDrury - lane to the extremity , oreast end of th isrow, (called in the Assess

ment Book, the south side of the towne to the forty- seven houses,

exc lusively of six c ourts or al ley s bran ch ing fromth eminto Aldewy chWest,all of wh ich ground was unt il nearly that t ime unbuilt on . And at Town ’

s

End, wh ich lay to the west of the church , there are enumerated th irty - eight

housekeepers, b esides those in Rose and Crown Yard, on the same site, wh ich

amounted to eleven more (6). In each Of these places, though denominatedyards and alleys, were at th is time parish ioners of great respec tability , judgingfromthe sums they are rated at and theirnumerous domest ics ; MIDLEROWE,one of the newbuilt places, was in part icular, well inhab ited Marshlandwas built onmuch later, and

'

then only partially , as wasmost part of Aldewy ch

The names of the several courts, Ste .

al luded to, wi th the number of their inhab itants, as stated in the assessment, are as

fol low

Paviours- al leyB lack Beare-

yard

Greyhounde- al leySwanne- al leyCanter

’s- al ley

Town’

sEnd, and Roseyard as b efore.

Midle Rowe

(7

) It seems diflicul t to fix the situationof what was at th is t ime cal led MID LERow,

”but it stood very near Midle Row,

”

the church, and probab ly from9 0mm” ?“std

its name, in themidd le Of them’muo

-

m

High- street, l ike the'

o therrows, orclustersof houses, stil l ex isting in themidst of the

main streets of St .Giles’

s and Holborn, andwh ich are so cal led fromtheirsi tuation.

116

116 IST . GILES’S

"

PARISH;'

f

wych'

west itself."We shall endeavourto trace the gradual formation of neigh

bourhoods on each'

of these spots.

To begin with: the western extremity ‘of this division, or that part of the;

hosp ital site cal led Town ’

sEnd -This name was given to the angle antiently

forming the terminat iono f the hosp ital garden, and consisted Of the buildings

running fromthence down St . Giles’

S- street eastwards to the church, including

part of\

the north - east end of Hog- lane or Crown - street, _and the Rose and

Crown Yard, aswel l as the spots on which D enmark - street, and Dudl ey and

L loyd’s Courts, were

'

afterwards buil t. The place in th is d istrict earliestmen,tioned, andwith which it commenced, wasROSEAND CROWN YARD .

— Th is court or yard, but recently destroyed, pro ,

bab ly derived its name, fromthe Crown pub lic - house wh ich stood at the

cornerof Hog- lane or Crown - street, near

,

its entrance, and which sign still

continues. Besides_other respec tab le parishionerswho resided here in 1623,

wasMr. alderman Bigg, churchwarden when the church was rebui lt, and who

probab ly carried on there somemanufacturing ormercant ile concern of import?ance, as n inemal e servan ts are enumerated on his estab l ishment . Of late days,th isp lace was cal led Farmer’s Rents, and inhab ited by tenants Of the lowestdescript ion, but has been rebuilt, though notmuch improved eitherin therespectab ility of its appearance or inhab itants.

DUDLEY COURT— Obviously took its name fromthe duchessDudley , whosehouse stood near its site, and was erected on the site of the house and garden

devised by that lady as a residence for the rector of the parish for the t imebeing, who still receives the rents and profits of the premises there . It is an

obscure thoroughfare, entirely inhab ited by poorpeople.

’

The rec torial house,called theWhite House, will be found describ ed hereafter.

L LOYD ’S COURT— Probab ly named fromits builder, isa passage to the south

west Of the church , and is conjectured by Mait land to occupy the site of the

hospitalmansion,'

wh ich after the dissolution was converted into the residenceof lord L isle, and was subsequently inhab ited by duchess Dudley and lordWharton . Shelton’

scharity - school (an estab lishment we shall hereafternotice,)has b een newly erected in th is court . fDENMARK- STREET Fronts,

”says Strype, St. Giles

’s church, and falls

into HOG- LANE; a fairbroad street with good houses, wel l inhab ited by gentry .

On the back side of th is street isDUDLEY COURT, which falls into Hog- lane,

and hath a passage into the said street. L LOYD’

s COURT, orratheralley, pavedwith

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118 ST. GILES’S PAR I SH .

adjoining thoroughfares soon after they were built, STIDWEL L - STREET, veryordinary both for buildings and inhab itants. This place crosseth

'

STACIESTREET, thence falleth into KENDRICK YARD , and so into St . Giles’s by the

church . Out of Stidwell - street isVINEGAR. YARD , wh ich leadeth into PHmNIxSTREET , butt ing on Hog- lane against the French Church, and runs down to

the back side of St . Giles’

s church -

yard, where there is a litt le passage into

L loyd’

s Court ; and out of this p lac e there is a passage, without a name, intoMONMOUTH - STREET. About themiddl e of wh ich is a passage into Stidwell

street . All these Streets and places are very meanly bullt, and as ord inarilyinhab ited, the greatest part by French, and of the poorer sort .

”The proper

name of this street (nowNewCompton- street)was Stiddolp h - street, being so

cal led fromsirRichard Stiddolph justmentioned, to whomCharles IIdmadea

‘

demise of the whole of the adjoining Marshland, aswill be noticed under

that art icle, andwhose house and gardens (the latter afterwards called Brown’s

Gardens)occupied the site. Stidwell - street, b etween Hog- lane, near south

west,'

and Kendrick ’

s Yard by St . Giles’s church , north,

”says the NewView

of L ondon, 1708,“ is one hundred and thirty yards long.

”The Kendrick

Yard ment ioned, stood at the north -west end of th is street , and was so deno

minated fromits owner orbuilder, Mr. Kendrick, an eminent parish ioner andvestryman in the reign of Charles II . NewCompton - street , formerly Stidwellor Stiddolph

- street, was erected by a Mr. Heath and other builders, on groundb elonging to Theodore Henry Broadhead, esq . and was probab ly renamedfromthe hon . sir Francis Compton, just not iced, who bui l t Old Compton.

Street , of wh ich this is a cont inuation. This, with the b efore enumeratedp laces, and someminorpassages connected with them, all occupy the site of

the hospital and its grounds.Hoe - L ANE—LHas been before ment ioned as being the Eldestrate,” or

Old - street,”

of the ant ient deeds. The origin of its name of H og - lane, does“

not appear. The reason of its b eing Since called Crown - street, has b een ex

plained in the preceding account of Rose and Crown Yard . The buildings inth is street appeargenerally of the same age with those in Denmark - street, and

other parts,

of the neighbourhood.

MONMOUTH - STREET— Antiently called L e Lane, and with the above,once surrounding the south and west sides of the hosp ital, is asserted to

have

By Mr.Pennant, in his account of London.

TOPOGRAPHY OF— MARSHLAND, 8cc .

havebeenso named in '

compliment to the unfortunate James duke of Mon

mouth , who had a house in t he adjacent Soho- square. Th is street has been

long famous as amart forsecond - hand apparel, and as such is often noticed

in works of wit and humour; but forseveral years past , it has b een occupied

chiefly by venders of inferior new art icles of dress, old shoes, In

this, as well as in some other parts of the parish , the customof liv ingin cellars is still kept up, a peculiarity forWhich St . Giles’swas long noted .

Many instances of the old superstitious practice of affixing horse- shoes on the

door- thresholds to prevent the entrance of wit ches,may st i ll be observed here.

Strype says, since the newbuildings have beenmade on the south side, i. e.

Seven D ials,’it is much improved but since Strype

’

s t ime, it has again

degenerated .

SEVEN DIAL S.—Th is neighbourhood, formerly the Marshlands, and after

wardsCock and Pye Fields, remained as late as the year1666 a piece ofwaste

ground, and in p lans of London Of that date, is so shown ; itssouth, north , and

west sides, being encompassed with a ditch, and its eastern end wal led in. It

was then cal led ST . GYLES’ PIREDE.

”It was soon afier b egun to be built

on in a straggl ing manner, but was not laid out in the regul arway we now

see it , unt il 1693. Its ant ient h istory has been noticed . In the reign of

Henry VIII, it probab ly had not a single'

house on it, though it formerlyboasted of some buildings, beingmentioned in the exchange with that prince,simp ly as one c lose of land cal led Marssheland .

”It was according to a

rol l in the Augmentat ion Office, 4Gul . et Marie, “By the most serene lordCharles II, by his letters patent under thegreat seal ofEngland, bearing datethe30th day of August, in the 24th year of his reign, demised and granted

to one Richard Stydolfe, knight and baronet, for the considerat ions in sameletterspatent spec ified ; to hold same, except always reserved to the king and

his successors all great trees, woods, underwoods, mines, quarries, &c . unto

the said Richard Stydolfe, his executors, 860 . fromthe 12 th day of March,

1685, for the termof 60 years, pay ing therefore yearly at the Exchequer therent of sixty pence per annum.

” ThomasNeale, esq . ob tained a grant frorri

the Crown of th is land after sirRichard Stidolph, as ap pears by letterspatent

(Q Gul . et Marisa) rec it ing the former letters patents to Stidolph, by whichthe said king and queen did give and grant unto Geofi

‘

eryWoodward, at the

nomination of the said Thomas Neale, all that c lose of land calledMarshland, in the parish of St. Gyles- in- the - Fields, being parcel of the

manor

1 19

Duke of

Monmouth .

120'

ST. GILES ’ S PAR ISH;

manorof St . James- in- the-Fields, and all and singular houses, 8m; to hold from'

the 12 th of March, 1731, for the termof 18 years. And l st July , 1692 ,anothergrant by letters patent was made of the inheritance of the said pre;

mises to JamesWard, esq . at the nominat ion of Neal e, by the further descrip.t

t ion of all that c lose of land called Marshland, in the parish of St. Giles- in

the- Fields, form'

erly in thetenureoroccupation'

of George Sutton.

The first building to any extent, it isprobab le, took p lace here on the demisebeing made to sir Richard Stiddolph, before which t ime the land, as

,

just

noticed, was pasture, and unbuilt on. In the reservat ions of the grant, trees,underwoods, &c . are enumerated ac cordingly without anyment ion of houses.

Amore dec isiveevidence however of the fac t, is the v arious'

entries in the

parish books, relative to houses and inhab itants on this site in the reign of

Charles II, and afterwards, while in the assessment of 1623, no mention of

eithero ccurs.

At what t ime the Marsh land came to be called Cock and Py e Fields, a namewhich it received fromthe neighbouring pub l ic - house of the Cock and Py e,

does not certain ly appear. It cou ld not b e long b efore the erec t ion of houses

on it , as the appel lat ion is on ly to bemet with, for the first time in the parishb ooks, after1666. In 1647, the great d itch by wh ich the field was enc losed,

(af terwards so often not iced under the name of Cock and Pye D itch,)ismentioned in the vestry minutes as a ditch merely . But after 1666, repeated

notice is taken of it by the descript ion of the D itch at Cock and Pye

Fields,”

and Cock and Pye D itch,”

and of its being a pub lic nuisance,wh ich it cont inued to b e until arched over; an event, wh ich asmaterial lyc onnec ted with the

'

progr'

ess of building on the spot, and eluc idatory of other

local part iculars, demands a separate account, andwill be found furthernoticed

belowOn

Churchwardensaccounts; 1647 paid back of the churchyard, into which he wasthe officers who warned us down toWest al lowed to have a door of entry fromhisCh

minster about the drayne be premises. Mr. Breade was his nex t doorurchwardem

accountsns to tween Mr. Speckart’

s and Mr. neighbour. The second entry as to thisP98 Breade

’

s ditches.

”The d itches ditch, and in wh ich its situat ion is first

of these two parish ioners, of named, is a payment in 1666 to counse lwhommention has been before made

,was tomove the commrs to grant a respi te o f

that part of the Cock and Pye Ditch, and t ime upon c ertain p'sentinents

‘

againstits continuation,which Separated theMarsh the p isshioners, concerning the d itch at

land fromthe south side of the hospital, Cock and Py e Fie lds .

”and

D

a tb ird entry in

Mr. Speckart’

s house being situated at the 1 669 expressly states, 1 . 2 . to be

paid

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122 ST. GILES’S PAR I SH .

was leased by its owner; ThomasNeale, in whomthe fee of the Marshland

was then vested .

dirt, and sand and were o therwise insuffic ient to carry away the water, by reason of

the greate and extraordinary inundacionsofwater.

”

A new sewer was ordered to be madefromthe comer of Pal l Mall field to the

saidWhite Hart Iuh '

at Hartshorn- lane, tofal l into the Thames and two newsewer

grates to be p laced in St. Martin’

s- lane, oneat the back of the Swanne Inn, and the

o ther at a p lace cal led the Hand and Pen,in the same lane, “ for the receiving and

intercepting of the water wehcontinu

al ly runs and descends fromSt . Giles- in

the- Fields, and Coven t Garden, to the saidroyal l pallace o fWhitehall.” And a rate of

sixpence in the pound wasmade on the ihhab i tants of St . Giles, b ecause, as it is

stated, th ey ough t to make good the old

sewers and drains, and to make new ones

when nec essary .

”

The appl ication here mentioned wasmade preparatory to the great work of

arch ing the d itch over, wh ich was begansoon after, and completed as to the St .

Giles’

s part ; b ut St . Martin’

s, and St . Paul’

s

Covent Garden,not showing the same readi

ness to go on wi th theirshare o f the work, asurvey was ordered to b emade to ascertaintheirrigh t to do so; And the surveyor

’

s re'

port not appearing to have had the intendedeffec t, of making those parishes proceedwith the b usiness, ind ic tments were or

dered to ~be preferred against them, when thework -was soon afterfinished . The ' sev eral

sums charged were, to Ph ilipW’ yans as

Expence of undertaker of the d i tch or

gjgzl

fi’

délfy

‘

,drayne formeasuredwork done,

Ditch. 1 83. 7 s. 9 d. captain RyderandMr.Woodhouse forsurvey ing thework13. 1 0 . g s. 8 d . ; Joseph Girl for the drayneat the Town

’

sEnd 7 s. Mr.Wynnsoverand abovewhat the drayne came to by

It received the name of Seven D ials” fromthe formof

lay ingmeasure, towards the carpenter’sand smith ’

s

b il l,

23. 13 s. 4d .

”To these were added

other charges for d igging the crosse

dreyne, n ine rods; digging the sewers acrossthe road, Sixteen rods digging up the pa

rish stones, and heaping themup together

mak ing up amud wal l at the end of the

sewer to keep upp the ground ; making a

bridge wi th two posts and a ray le, over byB rown’

s the gardiner;”

and to the

woman that rented Pargiter’s ground for

throwing the dirt there.

”

It seems probab le, fromsome of the

i tems in th is account, that the whole of the

Cock and Pye Ditch was not

at th is time arched over, no t arched over

only on account of the smal lness of the

charge for so great and expensive an under

taking, b ut from the c ircum A bfidgmmmstance of a bridge

-with two it .

posts and a hand rail , b eing erec ted overthat part o f the north side wh ich lay byBrown’

s gardens. The fac t seems to be,that the whole of the d itch was c leansed , aswel l that part wh ich was in St . Giles

’

s as

the adj oining parishes, and the west side of

the d itch by Hog- lane, arched, but that

the o ther Sides, or such of themas wereleast exposed, remained open ti l l the building of the Seven Dials. As evidence of

this,a vestryminute, anno 1681 , direc ts, at

the request o f the inhab itants of Cock and

Pye Fields, that they o f theirown charge, beal lowed to make a door in the churchyard

wal l out of Cock and Py e Fields camway f rm,

to come that way to church, byand ‘0 Chum"

and through an entry there left ; and that

they of theirown cost,“

ei thergrave l a cause

may forpeople to pass that way across the

c hurchyard, or pay the churc hwardens two

guineas towards doing the same,” whichplainly indicates that the north side of the

ditch was then unfinished, and the ground

about

TOPOGRAPHY OF— COCK "

AND PYED ITCH .

lay’

ingiout

'

the site , whereby seven streets'Were made to ~meet at'

a centre,

where iwas a»

pil lar having seven .Till th is column was put up,

it was called the Seven Streets,”ac cording to the NewViewof

which ~work informs us, that at the t ime of its pub licat ion (1 7083 on ly fimrout of the t

'

seven streets were built . _Mr. Evelyn, in an entry in .his .Diary

(5th Oct . 1694) not ices the progress of building here in the followingmemorand umz I went to see the building near

‘

St . Giles’s, where -

sev‘

en

about it not yet drained, the inhab i tants

being al lowed to gravel a causeway to cometo church overBrown’

s bridge .

The c ourse of Cock and Py e D itch isstil l to be traced with '

suffic ient accuracy in

97 th, the present common sewer, anddmh wil l be found to have taken

,

on its eastern side, a d irec tion nearly paral le l wi th King- stree t, whence it ran as far

'

as the corner of Cast le- stree t, d ividingCock and Py e Fields on that side fromNewlahd , Its sou th ern side describ eda line ~ along the centre of Castle - stree t,

where it turned up in the d irec tion ofMon

mouth- street, and so to the eastern side by

King- street again, thus.

encompassing the

whole field .

TheWatercourse described in the pre

ceding inquisition (13 Car. II,)as passing

fromSt. Martin’

s toWh itehal l, ran in the

d irec tion of L it tle St . Martin’

s—lane to

wardsWestminster,and received the water

of Cock and Pye D itch . The drain that

PhilipWyaus the contrac torc onvey ed fromits usual course (which passed fromc ertaingrounds in St . Martin’

s parish, and wh ichhe for five pounds a y ear was al lowed to

turn into Cock and Pye Di tch ,) was prob ab ly some lesserwatercourse that emptiedi tsel f about the west end of Monmouthstreet, by Brown

’

s gardens, which wereb ounded by the sewer. When it was det ermined to arch oversuch part of the ditchas we have seen, to facili tate the communication withWestminster (the water being

streets

most troub lesome in that road), it was con

sidered the most convenient way and

cheapest, for securing andmaking good theh ighway leading fromthe Cock and Py e to

the boundary posts, to carry thewaterout ofthe h ighway into Southampton sewer inHolborn (which receives Blemund’

s d ichealso). In 1670 the soil fromthe c leansingof the d itch was removed fromCock andPye Fields. In 1671 the ditch was part lyarched over, and in 1 68 1 the inhab itan ts onthe spo t increasing in c onsequence of thisimprovement,were al lowed to gravel a causeway to go to church , the soil there

,where

the d i tch was not arched, being stil l wetandmarshy .

From the junc tion o f Ho lborn, Drurylane,Broad - street, and Bow- street, thewaterdescends in three d ifferent d irec tions, v iz.

fromBroad- street and Bow- street,westward ;fromDrury - lane, southward ; and fromHol

born, eastward . Blemund ’

s d iche falls intoSouthampton sewer about Southamptonstreet, and crossesHo lborn, where it receivesthe water fromthe sewerwh ich runs alongthat street ; and, as it should seem, proceedsacross Spencer

’s dig,

”ora cont inuation of

it, to the ditch which separated OldwickClose fromFikat tesfeld .

Orwas intended to have that number. Some however say , it had but six

d ials set up . This p illar (which was o f theDoric order) nowornaments the pa1k ~ of a

country gent leman.

123

194. ST. GILES’S PAR I SH.

streetsmake a star; froma D oric p illar p laced in the midd le of a c ircular?

area, said to b e built'

by Mr. Neale,introducer of the late lotteries, in

imitat ion of those at Venic e, now set up here ; for h imself twice, and now

one of (qy P) for the We shall nOW'

detail,

fromauthentic documents, a few farther particulars as to the building'

ou

this spot .

The first p lot orangle of the Seven D ials built on,was that nearest St . Giles’s

H igh - street being bounded on its three sides by King- street , Queen - street ,

and St . Andrew- street . The whole of th is port ion of ground was let in

d ist inc t sl ips accord ing to the plan of it sti l l remain ing, each slip being suffi

c ient for the erect ion of a house, with space b ehind for a yard, for a termof

61 years. The leases are dated 1693. The princ ipal bui lders were Selwayand Broadhurst . The pieces of land here, and in the other streets, are de

scribed in one generalmanner, as a p iece orparcel of ground ly ing in, and

b eing parcel of the land commonly cal led Marshland ; and the ground

rents of the several p ieces varied at from to 10 3. per annum.

The aggregate ground - rent of all the houses on th is port ion was 12 5.

per annum, wh ich , with the ground itself, was purchased in 1731 , . by Moses

Scrafton, esq . for 103. fromthe trustees of James Joye, esq . the

then proprietor. The rents of the other streets varied . The rental of thewhole estate, per annum, was 1 1 s. A decay inmost of the houses,and the consequent introduction of lowpeop le, render it desirab le that th is

neighbourhood should be rebuilt . It has, however, still sev eral'

respectable

inhab itants.

Strype (1720) speaks of Cock and Pye Fields before they were built on,

b eing used as a laystal l for the parish : on the west side of Bowl Yard

there was a p lace with bui lding, called Cock and Pye Fields, wh ich was

made use of fora laystal l for the soil of the streets, but of late buil t into

several handsome streets, with a dyal placed in the midst . Th is neigh .

bourhood iswell knownto have b een, soon after its erect ion, the residence

of the French Refugees, who fled to th is country fromthe persecut ion of

L ewisXIV.

Neale’s Court ” here, st ill preserves the name of Neale, the lessor of the

estate. It is described as a passage called Neale’

s Court , in the first bui l t

p lot of houses; and is,but fromthat circumstance, in itself perfect ly obscure andinconsiderab le.

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126 ST. GILES ’S PAR I SH "

d escrib ed, ‘

as situated in '

a place’

calle d BOWL YARD and GaEA'

r GARDEN,

”

to his son -Arth ur, on considerat ion ‘

of his paying off worth of his

father’

s debts, wh ich he afterwards did . And in 1680 , the estate, which had

then undergone various alterations, aswel l as received addit ions of newb uildings, was conveyed by Arthur Blythe for in part, toWi l l iamWiggand ThomasWh itfield , in '

trust for John Small bone,being then described

to contain the following p lots of ground, houses, St e. v iz . a piece of ground

80 feet long, and 72 and 64 feet broad, leased for 5 1 y ears from toWil l iamTrigg, at a year,‘

situate near the: further end of Bowl rYard,having bui l t thereon eight tenements a second p iec e of ground with two

tenements on it, leased to the same,” for a s imilar term, at 20 3. per annum,

abutt ing west'

on the shop and ground of John Edgal, cooper, and east on '

a

house and garden of Rob ert Piggot, gard iner;-a th ird p iece of ground,

186 feet long, with ten tenements on it , leased to Anthony Baskerfield , bricklayer, situate at the further end of certain newbuil dings, erec ted by Arthur

Blythe in Bowl‘Yard, abutt ing north on ground of Rob ert Tay lor, yeoman (’4

south on the ugarden and grounds ofWil l iamShort, esq . and west on ground

of James Kendrick, gent . a fourth p iece of ground, with fiv e tenementson it , situate nearly as above ; a fifth p iece of ground , with two tenementsthereon, leased to George D urant ; a sixth p iece of ground orgarden p lot, leasedto PeterPins’

on de la Fontaine, at the south end of the east side of Bowl Yard,togetherwith the said Fontaine’

s house, bui l t with bricks, and containing a

cel lar and three rooms, the one over the other, and a shed adjoin ing the same ;a seventh piece of ground, on wh ich were several tenements erec ted byWill iamTay lor,with an adjoining p iece of ground, on wh ich were three tenementssituate in Bowl Yard, leased to Anthony Baskerfield .a messuage contain ingn ine rooms and four cel lars, overwh ich was a roomor chamberwith a yard

andwash - house and also all that greatgarden‘6

)attached, and inc losedwitha brick wall, being 1 18 feet deep, and 98 feet broad ; and so much of the

great yard b efore the great door of the saidmessuage, as contained 65 feet inlength , 344 feet in depth, and two stab les,

”8cc . ap iece of ground leased to John

Easton,

(fl

) Fromwhom Tay lor’

s Yard,”

gorng Gave name to Kendrick Yard, atout of Bowl Yard into King- street, was the back of Monmouth - street .

afterwards named . This yard has long The presentworkhouse yard.b een discontinued as a thoroughfare.

TOPOGRAPHY OF—r-ALDEWYCHWEST, Sac.

Easton, situate in [Short’s Gardens, abutting east on the house . of captain

and south on . the street or. passage called Short ’sGardens ;

the -Black L amb pub l ic house, containing nine rooms and a back yard, b eing80 feet in _depth , and situate on the south side of the Old Town of St. Giles,lead ing towards the church, leased to Judith Gunston, widow; twomessuages,each contain ing three rooms, one over the other, situate fronting Sharpe

’

s

Al ley , near Bowl Yard a brick tenement adjoining the former on the

west , with a garden p lot beh ind it a messuage in the gate of SHARPE’s

AL LEY, containing a cellar,‘

one low room, two rooms up one pair of stairs,

(whereof one is buil t over said all ey ,) one roomup two pair of stairs, and a

garret, with a l itt le yard and house of office on the other side of Bowl Yard,opposite the sign of the Black Jack and three othermessuages, al l situate inBowl Yard aforesaid .

ST . GILES’S STREET, (South part of the .boundary of Alde

wych west was, as early as 1623, ” covered with various courts and alleys, as

Paviours All ey , B lack BearYard, Greyhound Al ley , Swanne Alley , Canter’

s

Al ley , &c . wh ich had been erected between that date and 1600, when only a

fewscat tered dwell ings"

stood on the road side . Of the subsequent alterat ions

on th isspot, v iz . from1654; to 1693, an account wi l l be found in treat ing of

the workhouse, wh ich oc cupies part of the site. A slight ment ion of these

placeswi l l suffice.

‘

PAVIOUR’

S AL LEY, running on one side of Short ’sGardens

into Drury - lane, nearly faces the Coal Yard . Thirty - fiv e housekeepers are set

down as residents in it , in the assessment of 1623 . It is - at present amerelyinsignificant passage, cal led Ragged Staff Court . BLACK BEAREYARD ,

”in the

same assessment , is reckoned to have th irty - nine housekeepers, as contributors.

It ismentioned again by name in 1689, in the vestryminutes, which contain

an order for the landlord of the Blacke Beare (the pub l ic - house fromwh ich theyard was named) to c leanse a well there, wh ich had b ecome a nuisance

,but it

is not afterwardsment ioned in the parish books. GREYHOUNDEAL LEY had tenhousekeepers in 1623 ; . it also received its name froma pub l ic - house on the

spot (the Greyhound,) and retained it, but with the politer add it ion of

Court ,”orGreyhound Court, instead of al ley , unt il it was in part demised by

Dud ley Short , (aswi l l b e seen in the account of Short ’s .whence

becoming incorporated with other ground and buildings, the site ceased to

be

See account of himamong the vestrymen, in the b iographical part of thiswork.

127

BlackLamb .

Sharpe’

s

A lley .

Black Jack.

Pav iours

A lley .

B lack BearYard .

Greyhound

Alley .

ST. GILES’S PAR I SH .

be mentioned underthat appellat ion. SWANNEAL LEY and CANTER’s AL LEY,

had lost those names-

b efore 1654, and formed part of those p lots of grounddescribed as part of the estate of Bowl Yard . In the assessment -

of 1623,

Swanne Al ley is reckoned to have 35 housekeepers, and Canter’

s Al ley 32 ;

In 1720, the courts, 850 . standing b etween south , and St .

Giles’

s- street , north , were, according to the p lan of th is parish in Strype’

s

Stowe,— L amb ’

s Al ley , Crown'

Alley ,‘

Crown Court; Cock Alley , and Ragged

Staffe Court .

SHORT ’

s GARDENS—Wh ich leads fromKing- street to Drury- lane, is com

posed on ly of indifferent houses, and is a street inhab ited accord ingly . The

sites on wh ich this and Brownlow—streets, with their neighbourhoods, are

built, were in 1623, gardeners grounds, and uninhab ited, except by three or

four persons, b eing ment ioned in the Assessment, under the designationi

of

The'

Gardiner’s,i

on the backside of Drury- lane,”

and onwhich fourhousekeepers on ly are stated

“

to reside. The northern side assumed the name of

Short ’s Gardens, fromDudl ey Short, esq .

’

an eminent parishioner and vestryman in the reign of Charles II, who built a mansion there, to wh ich wereattached certain gardens and grounds taken out of the above . Such particuq

lars aswe have of the premises about th is t ime, and their state subsequent ly ,are c ontained in a deed dated 1707, by

'

wh ich we learn, that D ud ley Short had

several y ears previously , 5. e. on his c easing to reside there, demised variousparts of his

'

grounds, on wh ich several tenements were then stand ing, and

otherswere about to b e bui lt . His own house, aft erwards inhab ited by ThomasShort, is thus described

Amessuage or tenement formerly of Dudl ey Short , and afterwards of

Thomas Short , then of Toml inson, brewer, and afterwards‘

of Ralph

Bucknall, brewer, (towhomthe same had b een demised by Thomas Short andSusannah Short ,

“

hismother,)abut t ing on'

the M ulberry Garden, south on a

garden.

of Rob ert C l ifton, west ; on Greyhounde Court, north , and‘

east on

a p iece of garden ground, and situate and being in Greyhound Court in the

the parish of St . Giles togetherwith a court yard before the front of the said

house , 18 foot long and'

18 foot broad, as the same was fenced in ; and also a

back yard orgarden p lot b eh ind the saidmessuage,” &c .

The ex tensive gardens (of wh ich only the smal l portion above -mentionedto have b een attached to Dudley Short

’

s house then remained) are describedin the same deed

,as thus occupied

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130 S T. G ILES'S PARI SH .

Garden. In 1685 , .ment ion ismade in the'

parish books of Brownlowstreet. BELTON- STREET was built near the same t ime, as has been already

not iced .

‘

CASTLE- STREET, a little south fromBrownlow- street, bounds the

parish on this side, and partly formed, before it was built on, one side of the

Cock and Pye D itch .

DIVISION II.

Aldewy ch, East.THEgreaterpart , if not the whole of East Aldewy ch , was antiently called

the HYDE,”the estates upon it b eing always described in the old grants as

lying sup hydam.

” This name it probab ly derived frombeing a port ion of

some largerdistrict of land containing the quant ity of a h ide, according to the

oldmode of admeasurement It appears to have been held about the reign

of Henry III, by'

two princ ipal land lords, Hugh de Elundi, and John deWatynge, to wh ich may b e added as a th ird the hosp ital of St . Giles,‘

wh ich

owned also a considerab le part of it . The tenants under these, who had

dwell ings and gardens on the spot, were, considering its extent numerous, as

may be seen in the account of the hosp ital possession, Chap . IV.

In very early t imes, the whole of th is division appears to have b een sepa

rated into nearly two equal parts, by the d itch cal led Spencer’s Dig,

” whichin one of the grants relat ing to premises on it , is termed “Aquarium. Th isd itch seems to have commenced somewhere ab out the entrance of the present

L ewknor’s- lane, and to have ran eastward as far as Holborn Bars. The part

of the land heremost inhab ited was the north side, or that ly ing between the

d itch andHolborn ,most ofwhich belonged to Hugh de Blundi and the hosp ital .

John

A hyda, and a p loughshare, weresy nonimous, and contained about 1 0 0 acres

,

Hyde, or but in some cases less. BishopPlough‘f'm' Kennet explains this termnot tob e ,derived fromthe hide o f a b east, as someauthors fanc iful ly imagine, but fromthe

Saxon hyb , a house or hab itation, fromhyban to cover and that it was a c ircui t ofground sufficient for the maintenance of a

family , or for the cul tivation o f oue p lough .

The truth seems to b e, the same author

adds,that the quanti ty of a h ide was never

expressly determined, and that a bide,a

y ard land, a knight sf ee, St e . c on tained no

c ertain numb er of acres, but varied ao

cording to d ifferent p laces. In the Doomsday inquisition, the first inquiry was, howmany hides?(p . One hide o f land at

Chesterton, 1 5 Hen . II, c on tained 64 acres,

(p. The y early v alue of a h ide of

land in Blechesdon,was40 3. in 35Hen . III.

TOPOGRAPHY OF— ALDEWYCH EAST.

John deWatynge ’

s land lay ch iefly on the south'

side of the ditch, though he

had two or three houses and gardens on the Ho lborn The other land

holders of eminence here, were Siward and Henry Maggy . The'most ’

conspi

cuous names among the under- tenantswere the Cristemasse family;Will iamde Tottenhall, and sirRobert Cliderowe.

The houses on . the end next Aldewych road, were less numerous than . on

the Holborn side, asmight b e expected'fromits

'

b eing‘

a less'

fr'

equented

thoroughfare, no fewer dwellings than seventeen being recorded as standing

on the latter, and but four orfiv e on the former. Both numbersare howeiterprobab ly under-rated , could the exact state of the place then be known.

‘

The

situat ion, and otherpart iculars of these estates, at th is remote period, wi l l beunderstood by

'

referring to the plan, and are further described in the account

of the hosp ital possessions.At the disso lut ion of the hospital , the whole of the land on which these

houses formerly stood, were the property of that foundat ion, andWere con

v eyed by the exchange with Henry VIII, a l ittle before, under the d escript ion of— ‘f

onemessuage cal led theWhy te Hart, and eighteen acres of pasture

to the samemessuage be longing and onemessuage cal led the Rose, and

one pasture to the samemessuage b elonging.

”

The ground fromth is period til l l ate in the reign of Elizabeth , both hereand in other parts of the parish, appears to have suffered but l ittle alterat ion,except in some trifling add itions of bui lding. The erec t ing of a fewhouses

near the north end of Drury - lane, and possib ly the embanking or part ing bywalls that and the thoroughfare of Holborn fromthe fields, was all that wasdone on the spot unt il about 1610, when a further part of Drury

- lanefromHo lborn southward was built, as appears by the small p lan ofWestminster, inSpeed and otherauthorit ies. At_the same t ime, a great proport ion of L ewk

nor’s- lane also, extend ing fromsir L ewis L ewknor’s house, was erec ted ; the

houses along b oth sides of Ho lborn fromDrury - lane end to the Barswerec ont inued, and the street on that side comp leted,Where before had been ch ieflyembankments, and the houses in Great Queen - street were begun . The sitesof all the other streets, howevei , since built on this neighbourhood, remainedfor some years afterwardsmere pasture land and garden ground .

In 1623, the assessment for rebui lding the church , not ices the fo l lowinginhab itants in Aldewych east, Holborn end, Sac . Viz . At Holborn end

next towards Drury - lane, Hugh Jones, barber and Hugh.

Jones, v itler,

s (victual ler);

131

139

The Rose.

Coal Yai d.

"

7i

(victualler( and fromthenc e along Ho lborn, eight other housekeepers.On the site of L ewknor’s- lane, sir L ewis L ewknor’

s residence and gardens are

named ; and on the spot since call ed Parker’s- lane, Philip Parker and fami lyare mentioned . to have resided, both gentlemen having their seats there.

Besides these, a number of other persons, described as living in Drury - lane,were probab ly inhab itants of Aldewy ch east, orhad

"

gardens extending into itfromtheirhouses ; but the above (who gave name to the streets sinc e bui l ton the sites of their dwellings)are the only parish ionerswho can be recorded

with certainty as then resident on the Spot .

In 1667, the ROSE, a pub lic - house or inn, conveyed by the exchange toHenry VIII; was sti l l standing in Aldewy ch , and is to be reckoned as one of

its remarkab le build ings. Its site was to the south of L ewknor’

s- lane.

The NewViewof London, notices the following placesas built here before1708

L UTENOR’S LANE. On the easternly side of Drury - lane, almost against

Brownlow- street ;”

and 1790, Strype says,“ Lutner

’

s- lane, at the lower endof Newton - street, falls into Drury - lane, and is a very ordinary p lace.

”The

origin of this street has b een stated, fromwh ich it will be seen that its namewas corrupted by both these writers, and should have been spelt L ewknor

’s

lane, as it is now cal led . It was early famed for the profligacy of its inha

bitants, to whomallusion is oftenmade by satiricalwritersThe nymphs of chaste Diana

’

s train,The same with those of Lewknor

’

s- lane. BUT LER

Towh ich sir RogerL’Estrange adds in anote L ewkenor’s- lane, a place

st ill a rendezvous and nursery for lewdwomen, but first resorted to by the

Roundheads.

”

Its character is by nomeans changed forthe b etter inmodern t imes. It is

sometimes called Charles- street , and runs paralle l with the

COAL YARD—Wh ich .arose nearthe same t ime, and is only remarkab le fromthe c ircumstance of its having been the b irth -

place of the celebrated Ne l l

Gwyn . It is to use a phrase of the old topograph ical writers, a place of no

account l ittle super1or ln its appearance and inhab itants to the recep tacle of

wretchedness last -mentioned .

He was prob ab ly at that time land Posthumousworks, 1 2 vol . ed . 1 7 1 5,

lord of theWhite-Hart Inn. p . 237, l ine -886.

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'

ST. GILES’S

'

PARISH.

of James I, when Inigo Jones is supposed to have b een the arch itect of severalof itsbest bui ld ings, andwhichwere afterwards inhab ited by people .

of the first

qual ity . Th is alteration took p lace about the t ime he laid out L incoln ’

s .Inn

Square, to wh ich it’

forms a grand avenue. Pawlet House, Ch irbury House,

and Conway House, wereamong these nob lemansions, and are Stil l remain;ing. And Mr. Pennant conjectures, some of the other houses with brick

p ilasters and arch itectural ornaments, to be worksof the samemaster, whosec lassical taste they certainly would not d iscredit . Q ueen- street

”

(says

the New View, St e. 1708) is a p leasant broad street , on the south side

whereof are very good bui ldings and un iform. It is situate between L incoln’s

Inn Fields, east , and'

Drury- lane, south -west, length 340 yards and - from

Charing Cross, north -westernly , 980 yards.

” And Strype, Queen - street;

almost Opposite to L ong Acre, wh ich aft er a narrowentrance openeth itself

and falleth into L incoln’

s Inn Fields. It is a street graced with a goodly row

Of large uniformbuild ings on the south side, inhab ited by nob ility and gentry .

But the north side is but indifferent, nor in consequence so well inhab ited:

And on th is side are three small courts and al leys, viz . SUGAR- L OAF COURT,

BUL L HEAD COURT, andWH ITCOMBE’s AL LEY, the latternamed fromWh it

combe’

s brewery ,’ wh ich formerly stood on the spot.

”The chapel in this

street was erec ted b etween the years 1704- 6, and is a commodious roomystructure Freemasons tavern is an elegant building, butmodern.

DIVISION 111.

Gamp umde Aldewy ch.

THEsouth end of Aldewy ch , or Aldewy ch Field, contained part of the

land cal led SPRETTONY, on the east ; the Croft or smal l c lose, cal led LA‘

HALE, and a field called LAYFIELD adjoining ; the whole consist ing of about

eight acres of land . These were situate in St . Giles’s parish, and occiié

p ied the north and east parts of the Campumde Aldewych .

‘

The south

side

Among the private acts of Parl ia situated at the west end o f this spot, cal ledment, is one 7 and 8Wil l . III, for the The Devil

’

sGap ,” hasbeen long since re

b et ter improvement of a house and ground moved . The original chape l has also b eenin Great Q ueen- street,

”in th is parish,which taken down, and a largerstruc ture erec ted

was nov

doub t one of these greatmansions.

”

by a sect of Methodists, in its stead .

A narrowpass, noticed by Stry pe, as

TOPOGRAPHY OF— GAMPUM DE;ALDEWYCH.

side (containing also about eight acres) lay in the pari‘sh'

of St . Clement.Danes.

The whole of this land (forming the th ird d iv ision of the parish) had byvarious grants come into the possession of St . Giles

’

s hosp ital b efore its.

sup

pression, and was inc luded in the exchange between Radcliffe and Henry VIII“;not that it isment ioned in that or any subsequent instrument by name, as

indeed are few of the paroch ial lands, but it probab ly formed part of the

e ighteen acres of pasture ment ioned there, to b elong to theWhite Hart,b ehind which it lay . On the sale and dispersion of the hospital estates,

Aldewy ch field or c lose came into the possession of the Holford fami ly , a

descendant of wh ich, Henry Holford, esq . held it in the reigns of El izab ethand James I, at the same t ime that sir Henry Drury , knight, held the north

end, or St . C lement ’s half. This Henry Ho lford appears to'

have had someconscient ious scruples about the property of th is estate, on account of its

having once b e longed to a charitab le foundat ion ; and d irected on that ac

c ount , by hiswill , a sumofmoney to be annual ly paid to the poor of the parishfromthe rent of it, wh ich was accordingly done by his son Richard . In the

d eed of"

feofl'ment (1659) by wh ich th is sett lement wasmade on the parish ,

the part iculars of the donat ion, with the preceding h istorical informat ion, arethus stated, Viz .

That upon and in consideration that sev erall messuages and tenements,St e. sc ituate and b eing in the said parish of St . Gy les, being the inhe

ritance of the said Richard Ho lford , wh ich did lawfully descend and comeunto himfromhis auncestors, are erected and built upon a p iece or parcel

of ground, containing by estimat ion eight acres, or thereabouts, be ing parce lof the lands wh ich did heretofore belong and apperteine to the HOSPITAL ,

somet imes b eing with in the parish of St . Gy les, founded and endowed b y

Maud the empresse (queen) for and towards the receipt and reliefe of

poor d iseased and leaprous peop le. Al though the said hosp ital was longsince .d isso lved , and the lands rents and revenues thereof were for valuab lec onsiderat ions sould and conveyed unto d ivers sev erall persons, wherebythe said eight acres of ground has lawful ly come unto the said RichardHolford and his heirs ; and in respect that it was the desire and wi l l of

Henry Holford,'

esq . deceased, the father Of the said Richard Holford,that a yearly rent or revenue of twenty shill ings should be yearly paid unto

the poor of the said parish of St . Gy les for ever, for and towards their

reliefe

135

136”

ST. GILES’S PAR‘

ISR.

reliefe and maintenance. And also out of the p ious intent ions and good

desireswh ich the said Richard Holford hath to revive somuch of the chari

tab le reliefe for the poor of the said parish , as the said eight acresOf groundwas real ly worth before the same was built upon ; wh ich said reliefe the saidRichard Holford intends of mere christ ian charity , for themaintenance and

comfort of the said poore, without anymanner of relaé’

on to that wh ichmayb e accounted superstition or popery , in the former donation of the said empresse,

”did grant , 850 . two houses in Princes- street .

FromHenry Holford, and his heirs, part of the above land, probab ly bypurchase, came into the possession Of sirEdward Strad l ing and otherpersons,

about the beginning of the reign of Charles I, who built various residences onit . Houseshad however b een previously raised on the side next the highway ,togetherwith the playhouse, called the COCKPIT THEATRE.

”Both sides of

Princes- street also (wh ich was antiently a path d iv iding Aldewych Fie ld

b etween the two parishes of St . Giles and St . Clement Danes) had b een bui l t

on as early as the latter end of the reign of Elizab eth , or at the very beginningof the reign of her successor. About this t ime the spot had acquired the nameof Oldwick Close, and had fourteen houses stand ing on its west end, or the

east side of the present Drury- lane, as well as a second theatre call ed the

PH tEe” which succeeded that of the Cockp it, wh ich was demolished

in the year 1617.

A few years later, Viz . 1629 , Oldwick C lose is thus, in part described ;All that p iece of ground contain ing two acres, parce l of O ldwick C lose, in

the parish of St . Giles in theFields, in the county of M iddl esex , enc losed on

the north side towards Queen - street, with a d itch 0 11 thel

east towards L in

coln’s Inn, with a common sewer ; on the south with a d itch Or fence, d ivid ing

it fromotherpart of Oldwick'

Close, then before demised to John Ifl'

ery ; and

on

Entries fromthe assessment of 1623Cockpitt side of Drury

- lane, 14 house

keepers, 31 inmates. The Phoenix Playhouse, rated at xxxli. Rec

’xiiij

’. v" .

quad’

by Mr. Speckart . The Cockpitt d itto .

Rec’ more by Dr. Mayn

’

fromthe Cock

p it x“

. 7 . 6 . (Seemore as to these theatres,art. D IST INGU ISHED BUIL D INGS .

"And

in Q ueen and Princes- stree ts, forming the

north and south sides of the c lose, there

were, Q ueenesl streete, 1 5 h ousekeepers,

39 inmates.

” Princes- street, both sides,33 housekeepers, 1 0 0 inmates. Amongthe inhab itants of the latterstreet, the onlypersons of account are, Mr. Jeremy Cock,e le1k o f the king

’

s council, his gift x“.

Mr. John Iffary , or Iflarie, his’

gift iiiji‘

.

Mr.WilliamStiddolph v“

. LadyDuncomhe Notices of all of whomwil l be found inproceed ing.

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188

Weld—street .

court .

ST. GILES’S

‘

PARI S H .

well sir KenelmD igby ’s as sirEdward Stradl ing

’s,) togetherwith the man

sion - house, barns, coach- houses, stab les, outhouses, .and otherbuildings ; yards,

orchards, gardens,”850 . were in the year 1651 , in the, possession of HumphreyWeld, esq .many yearsamagistrate for this district, and ancestorof the respec

tab le family of the“Welds, of Lulworth Castle, who almost immediately began

to lay out on each side of his own residence, the street wh ich now bears his

name, corruptly called Wild - street ;”the whole east

,side of wh ich, from

an inscription on a tablet at one end of it, appears to have b een finished in

1653. Other erections speedily followed these ; and in 1688, mention ismadein another deed of a p iece,

of ground leased to Rob ert Gifford, and the

build ings thereon ; except the several houses and stab les therein part icularlyment ioned, and the housesfi ontingWeld - street,

”

(i. e. on the opposite or

western side of the way ,) and also the houses in Duke- street .

QUEEN STREET AND PRINCEs STREET.— These two streets, withWEL D - STEET,

justmentioned, are the principal streets erec ted on the site of Oldwick Close,and have b een sufficient ly described. The numerous otherpassagesand placeson th is site have noth ing interesting, and, inmost instances, scarcely merit tob e named . Two of them, though Obscure thoroughfares, may just be noticedas commemorat ing the original proprietor of the estate here, and also one of

the dist ingu ished buildingswh ich formerly stood on the spot, v iz .

HOL FORD COURT, Now STEUART’s

,RENTs,— A thoroughfare fromDrury e

lane toWeld - street , and running in a paral lel l inewith Princes- street , wh ich

received its name fromthe Holford family , of whomment ion has b een beforemade ; and ,

CocxPIT(CQ URT OR AL LEY— At some d istance fromit . This ' latter was

the site of the celebrated Cockp it Theatre, fromwhich the present Drury - lane

Theatre took its.

origin, and of wh ich some account wi ll b e given hereafter;Weld - court , L ittleWeld - street, &c . were erected on parts Of the ground ofWeld House, of wh ichmansion furthernoticewill be taken in its properp lace.

—N . B . Cockpit Alley , is nowcalled Pitt Place.

”

DIVISION

TOPOGRAPHY OF— FIKATTESFELD, Sec.

DIVISION Nil - SOUTH SIDE.

Fikatteyfeld, and L and next the Bars

THIS division formed the south - eastern extremity of the parish , and adjoinedAldewych east, and the Campo de Aldewych on the west ;

‘

St . Clement Danes

parish on the south Holborn (half of wh ich street it included) on the

north, and the gardens of the"Old Friary , now L incoln ’

s Inn, on the east .

It was subd ivided, nominally, into two districts or partitions, Fikattesfeld,and part of the Campumde Aldewych, on the west ; and what was termedTerr’ juxta Barram,

”on the north . The former comprehending the

whole of the present L incoln’s Inn 'Fields, and part of its vic inity ;

-

and the

latter, the land b etween the north side o f Fikattesfeld and Holborn, since

cal ledWhetstone’s Park ; with the south side of Ho lborn frombelowthe Great

Turnst ile, to the site of L ittle Queen- street, and the ground between the L ittleTurnstile and Aldewych east, nowcalled Princes- street, Gate- street, Ste.

FIKATTESFEL D, on FIKETS FIELD .; - Tl1IS c lose or enc losure stood near the

Old Temple, of which it formed; prior to the removal of that foundat ion, partof the grounds. It is

’

variously denominated in old deeds, as, Fikat tesfeld,

and 'Ficetsfeld ; GampumTemplariorum, or the Templars Fie ld ; FiketsField, 8m. The formernames itmight have derived from'

some very remoteproprietor, the latter, fromits having b een in the possession of the Knigh ts

Templars, b efore the dissolution of that order. It isno otherwise described in

the hospital'

grants than as afield, agreeab ly to its name ; but whether at‘

that

t ime it wasmere pasture land ornot, is doub tful . It was certainly laid out

early as awalking place, and planted as we learn froma petit ion respecting

it presented to the parliament during the Interregnum which‘

acquaintsus

with some curiouspart icularsas to itsnature and appropriat ion, asfarback as thereign of Edward III. Thispet ition states, that it appearsfromrecord

in

There‘

is no name In theantient t e

c ords, for‘

th is part of the parish, but thathere given . Sometimes it is cal led Land

‘

at the bars, and Land ly ing b etween theking

’

s highway and Fikat tesfeld b utmoregeneral ly Terr

’ j uxta Barramde Ho leburn, or, Terr

’ jux ta Barram v eteri

Tennpli.”It is the same ground nowcalledWhetstone’

s Park.

Intitled,‘ The humb le petition of

the parishionersof the parishesof St .C lementDanes ; St . Dunstanes in the

.

West ; St .Andrew’

s,

'

I-l olborn, and St Giles'

in the

Fields, in the coun ty of Midd lesex, in or

neere unto L incoln’

s Inne Fields.

”

Rot. Claus. anno 49 Edw.III.mem.

40 dorso.

139

1 40

M

ST. GILES’S PAR ISH.

in those t imes, (about th isfield wasa commonwalking and sp orting

place, for the clerks of the Chancery , apprentices, and students of the law,

and c it izens of London and that upon a c lamorous complaintmade by themunto the king, that one Roger L eget, had privily laid and hid many ironengines cal led caltrapp es, as well in the bottome as the top of a certaine

trench in Fikets Fields, neere the b ishop of Ch ichester’s house, where the

said clerkes, apprent ices, and othermen of the said c ity , had wont to have

their common passage, in wh ich p lace he knewthat they daily exerc ised their

eommon '

walks and disports, with amal ic ious and mal evolent intent, that allwho

'

came upon the said trench ,“

should be maimed, or elsemost“

grievouslyhurt ; which engines were found by the foresaid clerkes, apprent ices, and

others passingthat way, and brought b efore the king’s councel, in the Chap ter

house of the Friars, preachers of L ondon, and there openly shewed ; that

h ereupon the said Rogerwas brough t before the said councell , to answer the

premises ; and being there examined by the said councell, confessed his said

fault andmalice inmanneraforesaid, and thereupon submitted himselfe to theking and his councell. Whereupon the said Roger was sent to the king

’

s

prison of the Flecte, there to expect the king’s grace and conc ludes,

that it thence appears, that any device to interrupt or deprive such c lerks,and c itizens, of their free common walking or disport there, is a nu

’

sance and

Offence pun ishab le by the king and his councell, by fine and long imprisonment ; and that the king and councell have everbeen very careful of preservingthe l ibert ies and interests of the lawyers and c itizens in these fields, for their

cure and refreshment .”Formany ages afterwards, and probab ly unt il it first b egan to be built on,

towards the latter end of the reign of El izabeth , Fikattesfield (orL incoln’s Inn

Fields, as it b egan thenmore general ly to be called)remained as a promenadeorplace of recreation, for the students of Lincoln’

s Inn, and the pub l ic . If we

may trust to old views_of it, however, it had before that time degeneratedinto amere open field or fields (forit was d ivided,) intersected by irregular

paths. The first buildings on, or around it, were few'

and of a mixed cha

rac ter. Th is occasioned king James I to grant, in the year 1618 , a commission to new dispose the whole, the ordering of wh ich was intrusted to the

Lord Chance l lor Bacon, with the earls of Pembroke,Worcester, Arunde l land Others, assisted by the king

’

s architect, Inigo Jones. In th is commissionit

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PAR I SH .

1657; the unfinished-

state of the "

square to be . taken into‘

consideration bythose

“

interested and sin - agreement was accordingly entered into ‘between

themand the‘

society'of L incoln’

s Inn,‘to whom some '

right , as to the aire

and p rospect,”

seems - to have descended fromthe Templars or their successors, fer the purpose of ncompleting it ;

‘

The agreement states, That sirWilliamCOWper, 'Robert Henley , anv ames «Cowper, part ies thereto, wereinterested in the inheritance ‘

of Cup Field, and had designed the continuance

of one rowo rrange of buildings, called PortugalRam, in the said field, east

wards,‘

towards Lincoln’s Inn wall ; and one otherroworrange of bui ldings

along the north side of the said field, lead ing fromthe buildings lately erected

by one Newman, on the north -west side of the said .field to Turnstil e.

”And

further states, That the said soc iety of L incoln ’

s Inn were interested in the

b enefit and advantage of the prospect and air of the'

said field,‘

but were

willing and contented that the said sirWilliam'COWp er, &c .might proceed intheir said design

"

and fundertaking of the said building, with such caution'

and

prov ision for the beaut ify ing and adorning of th e '

said intended , building, and

for levelling and p lant ing the said field, and cast ing the '

same into walks, '

and

for p revent ion of any future building thereupon,-in such

‘manner as‘ in the

said art ic les, the indenture thereunto annexed, and an indenture of demise of

the same date, was expressed .

”

Accord ing‘

to th is agreement, it was covenanted that “ the two rows or

ranges intended to b e bui lt as aforesaid, should bear equal proport ion in front ,height; breadth ; strength and beauty ,

1with Portugal Row,

"

or in amore firmor

~ beautiful manner; 51150 ,‘

that there should b e forty foot by'

the standard

d istance between'

each of the'

said rows '

or ranges of building and L incoln’

s

Inn wall ; also, that all the'

rest and residue of ' the said field should,'

withintwo years then next ,

’

at the“costs and charges of

* the said sirWil l iamCowper,8m. be levelled, plained, ’and cast into -

grass plots and'

grav el walkes, of couve.

nient breadth; railed all along on each f side,‘

and set with rows of trees, ac

cording to a plot or -model thereto annexed ; and'

that for the future no

building, other than the said two rows orrangesg rshould be erected upon the

Made b etween sirWi l liamCowper, Lislebon Long, knight, (then recorder of

o f Rat l ing- c ourt, in . the coun ty of Kent,

London,) and certain of themaste13‘

of .the

b art. ; Robert Henley , of the Middle Tem b ench of the said soc iety o f L inco ln ’

sInn

ple, L ondon, esq . ; and James Cowper,_of (whereof the celebratedW’ i l l iamPrynne

L incoln’

s Inn, esq . o f the one part ; and sir was one,)trustees, of the otherpart .

TOPOGRAPHY DE— L INCOLN’S INN FIELDS.

said‘

field, or any part thereof, except one water-house in themiddl e '

of the

said field, wh ich should not exceed in '

proportion the breadth of ten yards

square ; also, that there should be built and set up in themiddle of the said

wal l .of L incoln ’s Inn, a large pair of gates and freestone stairs, with a fair

and easy descent out of the walkes belonging to the said soc iety .

”

In pursuance of these arrangements,a grant wasmade to sirLislebon L ongand other trustees, of All the rest residue or body of ‘the said field therein

cal led Cop Field, alias Cup Field, containing by estimation, fromthe east sideof the same ly ing next L incoln’

s Inn wall aforesaid, 30 pole .be the samemoreor less ; and fromthe north side of the said field unto the south , 33 polemoreor less, by agreement according to the said art icles, not to be bui lt upon .”

On receiving th is lease, sirWi l liamCowper and his fellowproprietors pro

c eeded to erect the two rows of. buil dingmentioned, wh ich were to extend to

the rowalready built westward, stand ing on the otherparcel of ground, called

Purse Field ; and afterwards, rai led in'

the said fields orparcel of ground,called Cop Field, alias Cup Field ; and to the extent of . the said field west

ward caused posts to he set up , and rai ls - to be made across fromsouth to

north , bounding the same fromthe said field, called Purse Field

said two fields, called Cop Field, alias Cup Field, and Purse Field , contain the

buildings and large square p iece or parcel of ground, nowand for some y earspast cal led Great L incoln

’s Inn Fields.

”

Notwithstand ing the building of the square was, as here stated, in a great

Ineasure completed , and the area laid out, yet , forwant of properly enc losingthe latter, it some years afterwards returned to its original . state of . a commonfield ; and, fromthe resort of low and idle persons to it, became a great

nu isance. Some endeavours were made by diflerenttprojec tors to remedy

this inconvenience . Among them, Cavend ishWeedon, esq . a fellowof - L in

co ln ’s Inn, pub l ished in the year 1698, two plans engraved on fo l io sheets, by

Hart,for lay ing out the fields in-

,amagnificent sty le, but wh ich never took

effec t. They were to have b een adorned on their sides with xfigures of t he

twel ve apostles, and water-works at each corner, to be supplied fromHampstead water, and themodel of St, Mary

’s chapel, to be erected _in the centre,

froma design of sirChristophenWren’

s But nothing effec tual seems tohave

ACt,8 George II coln’

s Inn, was lately propounded by Mr.

“Here within the bounds of Lin Weedon, the erec tion of a beautiful rangeof

148

Gates and

stairs.

Railed in.

Plans foradorning thearea of, in

1698.

ST. GILES ’ S PAR I S H.

have been done until the reign of George II, when the act fromwhich wehave quoted, was passed for that purpose, as will be not iced in givingaccount of itsmodern state. The houses, wh ich were first - rate buildings,were formany years inhab ited by nob ility , and legal characters of the greatest

eminence.

L AND NEXT THE Baas — The land described to be situate at Holborn Bars,and wh ich has been explained tomean that slip of ground ly ing b etween the

north side of Fikattesfeld and Ho lborn, commenc ing east a .little b eyond Great

Turnst ile, and extend ing to the lowerend of Aldewych , nowGate-

"

street , west

was antiently separated fromFikattesfeld by a d itch, running fromSpencer’

s

Dig b eforementioned ; wh ich , with its boundaries to the east, west and north,

(the two Turnstiles and Ho lborn,) formed it into a complete ly d ist inct p lot ofground . To this, as further part of the division now treated of, must beadded Le Spencer

’s Lond,

”a second slip of ground, ly ing to the west of th is

and Fikets Field, or between themand the Campumde Aldewy ch , and Aldewych The land at Holborn Bars, about the reign of John, and for

some years afterwards, was held like other parts of the parish, by varioustenants, whose houses fronted Holborn, and whose gardens ran backwards tothe ditch wh ich formed the line of separat ion b etween themand Fikattesfeld .

Of these persons, and their tenements, we refer forpart iculars to the plan and

hosp ital grants b efore al luded to.

The reign of Elizab eth was the period at which the above, likemost of thep laces b efore described, began to b e built on . Turnsti le,

”by wh ich th is

district is to b e understood, is said, in the assessment of 1628 , to c ontain, on

both

of b uilding, to b e only one story , withoutchimney s, and to b e covered flat with lead ,all along by the dead wal l on the east sideof L incoln’

s Inn garden, upon the waste

ground b etween the said wal l and the gravelwalk, for the use of some or all of the

oflicers in Chancery , v iz . the Six C lerks,Cursitors, Masters in Chancery ,Examiners,Petty Bag, Registers,Affidavi t, Hanaper,and the Subpoena. The reasons o ffered

for this b uilding were, that it would bemore secure and ornamental to said garden ; defending the chambersfromrobbery ,and the dust and noise of the adjoining

stree t . That it would be a p leasanter sightthan an o ld dirty b lackwal l, and would y ielda very considerab le ground- rent to the so

cie ty ,”8CC .

l

Strype’

s Stowe, ed . 1 72 0 .

(33) The Spencers, orDispensators, seem

to have he ld the adjoining land to thewestward also, (now situate between the

L it tle Turnst i le and L it t le Q ueen - stree t,)wh ic h was al l Le Spencer

’

s lond,

”though

described as in the p ossession of difi'

eient

tenants. It was the ex tent of the Spenc erestate that gav e name to the great d itchhere, thence denominated Spencer

’

s Dig,”

which bounded it southwards.

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146

L incoln’s Inn

Fields.

ST. GILES ’S PARI SH.

wherein the . said fields were situate ; but also . for want of proper fences to

enc lose the same; greatmisch iefs had happened tomany , of hismajesty ’s sub?

jec ts going about their lawful occasions ; several of whomhad '

been killed ,and others maimed and; hurt by horses, wh ich had _been fromtime to timeaired and rode in the said fields. And by reason of the said fields being keptopen, many wicked and disorderly persons had frequented andmet togethertherein, using un lawful sports

'

an'

d games, and drawing inand enticing youngpersons into gaming, idleness and other vicious courses ; and vagabonds, common b eggars, and other disorderly persons, resorted therein, whereby manyrobb eries, assaults; outrages and enormities had been

_and were continual ly

committed, notwithstanding the watch orguard, all owed by the parish wherein

the said fieldswere situate, .for preventing the same.

” That the south, west

and north parts of the said fieldswere encompassed with houses,many of wh ichwere inhab ited by. the owners and proprietors thereof, who, with the other

inhab itants, could not go to and fro’

fromtheir respec t ive dwellings. and

hab itat ions in the night season without danger. And it further states, thatcertain persons, therein named, (proprietors there), were desirous to preventsuchmisch iefs for the future, and to enclose, c lean and repair, and beautifythe said fields in a graceful manner, and were wi l l ing and desirous that an

adequate contributionmight for that purpose be raised by and amongst themse lves.” Wherefore, and to the end that the said fieldsmight be enc losed,c leaned and adorned , and kept in repair for the ,

future,” — said proprietors, 850 .

did humb ly. beseech hismajesty to enact, to the effect therein enact ed.

By th is act it was ordered, that the inhab itants of the square shouldmeetJune Q, 1785, in the council chamb er of Lincoln ’

s Inn, and chuse fromamongst themselves twenty - one trustees, who should have power to .direct in

what manner the said fie lds should be enclosed .

”As also, what ways or

passages should be made or left open, for passengers, horses, coaches, carts

and carriages,” with all other necessary powers for carry ing the business pro

perly into cfl'

ect. And al so, tomake a proper recompence and sat isfaction

to Anthony Henley andWilliamCowper, in whomthe right and interest of

sirWi l l iamCowper, &c . (beforementioned) in and to the ,said fields, was then

vested .

”

(36

The square o f L incoln’

s

Inn Fields (after th e a4th of

June 1 735)wasby'

this ac t to be

a distinct ward as to paving, scavengerand

A:dwtinctwardas to scavenger

andwatch.

The

watch . It b eing thereby enac ted, that as

wel l the said great square, cal led L incoln’

s

Inn Fields, as the several“ stree ts behind thesouth,west, and north sides thereof, so faras

the

TOPOGRAPHY OF— L INCOLN’S

'

INN FIELDS.

The app earance of the square, as“laid out in consequence of th is act, - is ‘

to

be seen‘in plans

'

of the 't ime. fit was complete ly railed in, p lanted with t rees,and traversed by

'

walks in a diagonal direct ion. The centre contained ap on‘

d

orreservoir: of water. The whole has been'

recently again laid out in style of

great taste and beauty .

Of the houses, those in the west range are themost ant ient, and generallythe finest buildings These have t he

"

reputation of b eingJbuilt ‘by

iInigo

the houses in L incoln’

s Inn Fields, ortheirouthouses, ground, or app urtenances

'

do ex

tend , and as far as the back streets thereto,

ough t to b e paved, c leaned or watched bythe inhab itants o f the houses in L incoln’

s

Inn Fields and should therefore be a dis

t inc t and separate ward, as to the severalrates of the scavenger and watch and that

the paving, c leaning and watching thereof,sh ould be only under the direc tion of the

aforesaid trustees and the same ‘

should be

exempt and discharged fromp ay ing anyo therrates, assessments or taxes, in respec t

o f such houses, St e . or watch - rates of anyother ward or distric t, provided that the

parish of St . Giles, shoul d fromand after

said 24th of June, 1 735, be d ischarged andexonerated fromwatching any part of the

said square, or of such parts of the adj oining streets as aforesaid,

~ in respec t of saidhouses, outhouses orground ; and also fromth e taking away and removing all mannerof fil th, ashes, rubb ish or annoyanceswhatsoever, wh ich shal l or may be laid or

brough t in upon or against the said fields,houses, outhouses, wal ls and appurtenances

thereto be longing.

”

(37

)Among the private ac ts of Parl iamen t

,are several relating to this square and

Private acts tf its houses, fromwhich thoseParliament disposed to search further, mayas to.

gain additional information. The

fo l lowing are the t itles of some of them,

v iz . 1 . An Ac t (5 and 6Wil l . and Mary)to . enab le the trustees of Alice Turner,widow, and her children

,to make sale of

Jones,‘

c ertain 'houses or ground near L incoln’

s

Inn F ields, in the county of .Middleisex ,

during the -minority of t he y ounger ch ildren .

”2 . (7 and 8Wil l . III,) Ac t to

enab le trustees to sell a messuage, gardenand outhouses in iLinc oln

’

s Inn Fields," late

SirRobert'

Sawy ers, knigh t, deceased, andfor purchasing o ther lands and tenementsto be sett led to the same uses.

”

3. Ac t

(sand 3 Anne) to enab le SirJohn Cowper,knight, and Anthony Henley , esq . tomakea partition, and grant b ui lding leases of

several messuages and tenements in L in

c oln’

sInn Fields, in the parishes o f St .Gilesih - the - Fie lds, and St . C lement Danes, in the

county ofMiddlesex. Ac t (2 7 Geo . II,)

for sale o f a capitalmessuage in L inco ln’

s

Inn Fields,in the parish o f St . Giles- in - the

Fie lds, in the county o f Midd lesex, and the

garden ground and outhouses thereto b e

lo ng ing (part of the estate of themost nob leCharles late Duke of Somerset, deceased,)and vesting the same in Edward Browne

,

of L inco ln’

s Inn, esq . and his heirs forever;and for lay ing out the purchasemoney inlands and hered itaments to be set tled for

the l ike uses, and upon the l ike trusts as thesaid capi talmessuage and premises are nowset t led, and subj ec t unto .

”

5, 16 Geo. II,)

An Ac t forconfirming a conveyance fromthe surviving trustees of the chari ty estab

lished by the wil l of John Ben tley , esq .

deceased, of the undivided six th part o f

Fic '

rT'

s F l aw) , in the county'

of Middlesex, to the surviving assignees under the

commission of b ankruptcy awarded againstU 2

147

1448' ST . GILES ’S PARI S H .

Jones, and‘

though much al tered, d isplay evident traces of his sty le. The

most perfect of themis L indsey House, once amansion of the dukes of An

caster. Newcast le House, terminating the south end of the row, is an

imposing bui ld ing fromitsmagnitude, but is in a less pure taste, and was

designed by another hand. Th is side of the square is in all respects the

grandest .

The south side has several nob le buildings in various sty les of arch itecture,some not a l ittle fanc iful and as awhole has a fine appearance. The houses

on the north side, though large, are general ly plain. The east'

side is b ounded

by the wal l support ing the fine terrace walk of L incoln’s Inn gardens ; b eyond

wh ich are the Stone B uildings,”an elegant p ile of arch itecture, wh ich only

wants comp let ion through the old buildings, to render the east side of the

square acounterpart in grandeurwith the west .

L incoln’s Inn or the great field, is reckoned one of the finest

and largest squares in the world ; and is a trapez ium, though near a square,whose area is upwards of ten acres ; most ly inhab ited by eminent gentry and

nob ility . It has, on the northernly side, Holborn Row; south , Portugal Row;east, L inco ln

’sInnWalks ; and west, Arch Row. The centre, fromPye Corner,

west, is yards.

”

HOL BORN .— Th is great street appears to have derived its name fromthe

bourne'

or brook wh ich ran fromthe Bars into Fleet D itch, conjoined with theSaxon appel lat ion ald or old (

39 In the Conqueror’s survey , Holborn is

described as a vi l lage situate in the hundred of Ossulv estane, orOssulton ; and

is denominated Alde- burn wherein the king had two cotanj,'

or cottagers,

who paid to his bailiff or steward an annual sumof twenty denarg'

j, or pence.

In the hospital deeds it is spelt nearly in themodern way , Holeburn,

”and

somet imes Holbourne ;”

and seems, at the dates of the earliest of those

deeds, (i. e. the reign of Henry II, John, 8m.) to have b een considered a high

way of great pub lic ity . The village of Holborn, b eing erected on the bank

of

Wil l iamHammond, late of Change- al ley ,London, goldsmith and banker, dec eased .

”

Geo . I,)

“An Ac t for sale o f the

si te o f Cardigan House, lately demol ishedby fire, situate and being in L incoln

’

s Inn

Fie lds, in the county of Middlesex, for thepurposes thereinmentioned, and forsett ling

lands of greater val ue in the county of

York, to the same uses.

”

(38

) NewViewof London, 170 8.

(39

) About the year1 238, Tye- bourne, or

brook, furnished nine conduits with water.Fromthis parent spring (among others)ran

Holborn. Pennant.

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150 ST. GILES ’S PAR ISH.

And Dryden, in his L IMBERHAM, orthe Ka KEEPER, alludes to itas arwell known receptacle for profiigate females, in t he following passage

Aldo.

’Tis very wel l , Sir; Ifind you have been searching fory ourrelations then inWHET STONEPARKNo, Sir; Imade some scruple o f gorng t0

'

the’

foresaid place, for fear of

meetingmy own father there .

”

And a Survey of London, byW. Stowe says, Whetstone Park, byLincoln’

s Inn Fields,was formerly areceptacle forwanton does t ill in the reignof King Charles II, they were routed out by themob . To suppresswh ich riotthe king

’

s life -

guards were ob liged to go in arms against them.

”

The othercourts, 850 . on th is spot , are, according to the author first quoted,New Turnstile- alley , which hath a broad passage, with a freestone pave

ment , . into Holborn ; Monmouth - court , a small place that hath a‘passage into

L incoln ’s Inn Fie lds, by L ittle T urnstile ; Gregory - court , of smal l account,

having h omes but on one side ; Partridge- al ley , small and narrow, .runninginto Phillips

’s-

yard, as also into Vine-

yard, al l three of little account .

More eastwards is Red L ion inn and yard, zchiefiy for coach - houses and

stab l ings ; Pargiter’s- court, asmall place the George Inn, of pretty good ac

count . Al l these three last -ment ioned places have a passage intoWhetstonePark . Tichborn - court, .aud Flower’s- alley , .not far d istant, are scarceworth thenaming.

”

The land on the south -west o f Fikattesfeld, or b etween that and Oldwick

Close, (antiently called Sprettonyflprobab ly shared some of the early improvements of Inigo Jones, with the adjoining L incoln

’s Inn Square, and Queen

street ; but th ey did not extend to the enc losing it as nowwith houses, as sir

Edward Stradling’s part of Oldwick Close, is described as being

bounded, .or divided fromthis land, by a ditch or common sewer; an evidence

that it was then unbuilt on.

DIVISION V.— NORTH SIDE.

B loomsbury ,West, (Sac.

North side of The north side of the parish con tained, in'

the early t imes of the hosp ital,parish .

two princ ipal districts or partitions ; namely , the land b elonging to that,

foundat ion,

TOPOGRAPHY OF— BLOOMSBURY,WEST.

foundation, and the land then called Blemund ’s L and, and afterwards Blei

mundesbury the former consisting of the Pitaunce Croft, orHospital Close,and its adjoining land ; and the latter of the present Bloomsbury . Theirextent, lengthways, was fromthe way. cal led Tottenham- court Road, west, toSt . AndrewHolborn parish, east ; and breadthways, fromSt . Giles’s- street and

Holborn, south, to the parish of St . Pancras, north .

The half forming the present d ivision, commenced at itswestern extremitywith the Via de Tottenhall, and ran eastward to Russel ’s and Blemund ’

sLand ;

itssouth and north sides. being formed by St. Giles’s High - street, and the

prebend of Tettenhall The following were the ant ient estates on it

PITAUNCE CROFT .— Tl’lis inclosure is described in the licence

,to convey

to .Wymond Carewe, . as“one c lose ly ing b efore the great gate of the said

hospital, containing, by estimat ion, sixteen and is not otherwisementioned by name. But in the old grants it is called the Pitaunce Crofi,

”and

sometimes L and of the Church ,”

L and of the Master and ‘ Brothers,”

The Croft of the said Master and in one or two instances, The Gard en

of the Master,”Sac . in soka The estates anc ient ly on, orad

joining the Pitaunce Croft, are particularized in the ac count of the hosp ital

possessions.

The land forming the north side of St . Giles’s- street, (which we . include in

this division, though not strictly in Bloomsbury ,)was’

about one hundred feet

deep fromthe road side to the Pitaunce Croft ; fromwh ich “

it was divided bya great ditch, called the Pitaunce Croft D itch . This slip of land, and its con

tinuation eastward, seemto have been fromthe earl iest times themost inhabited. part of ,

the parish and contained , as far backa s the reignSsof'

John and

Henry III, a considerab le number of houses, whose gardens ran down. to the

d itch . Most of these dwellings, it has been noticed, were as at present , shops,

and occup ied by the better sort . of parishioners ; the sirnames of theirownersbeing generally taken fromthe trades or professions they carried on

The‘

land east of the, Pitaunce Croft was. in great part owned by SemanRussel , whose residence was there, and appears before ‘

the.D issolution to have

been laid into that enc losure. In a grant fromhim, of a portion of it toWi l liamTottenhall was a lordship belonging the fee simple of themanor was vested in

to the deans of St . Paul’s, before the Con the late Lord Southampton and his heirs,quest. It was demised to the

'

crown in the latterpay ing an annui ty , in l ieu o f a t e

1 560 , and has' b een always since hel d on served rent

, to the prebendary ofTot tenhall.

lease. By an ac t of parliament in 1 768, See chap . iv. forseveral of them.

151

152

Wel l ’sYard.

S T. GILES’S PAR ISH.

Williamde Tottenhall, it is described asthe said Seman Russel’s curt ilage or

garden . He l ikewise possessed part of the land on the north side of St . Giles’

s

street .

In 1623, the buildings fromthe north -west end of St Giles’s- street, to the

commencement of Bloomsbury , are descsibed as follows. North side of the

town to the Horse- shoe,” forty houses assessed . D ixon’

s- alley ,”

runningfromSt . Giles’s- street, twenty houses. Eagle and Ch i lde- alley ,

”th irty - seven

houses. The following streets, &c . on this site were buil t afterwards.

BAINBRIDGE- STREETAND BUCKRIDGE- STREET .—Thése streetswere both erec ted

b efore 1672 , and derive theirnames fromtheir owners, Messrs. Bainbridge andBuckridge, two eminent parish ioners in the reign of Charles II The

former, wh ich fal leth into St . Giles’s, near the pound, hath a small placecalled Maynard

- lane, wh ich falleth into L awrence - lane.

”Buckridge

street, situate on the west side of Dyot- street , is another narrowand ordinary

place, wh ich falls into St . Giles’s by the Pound, also, and is over- against

Hog- lane” Both these streets, with some of the p laces next named,

stand on the site of the Pitaunce Croft . They are, as is indeed the wholeneighbourhood , inhab ited by the lowest order of people.

CHURCH - STREET .— Running in a parallel l ine with Buckridge- street , but .

more south , is Church - street , to wh ich the approach fromSt . Giles’

swasthrough a passage opposite the church , cal led Ban ister

’

s- al ley , (which has longb een discontinued asa thoroughfare, and nowforms part of a t imber yard) to

the left of wh ich was also Church - lane, a thoroughfare turning to the left, and

leading across Buckridge- street to Bainbridge- street . There, on the'

north

side of Bainbridge- street, nearTottenhamRoad, isWell ’s-

yard, very ordinary ,and scarce worth naming.

” Most of these places derived theirnames fromtheiroriginal buildersorowners, ashasb een instanced in the cases of Bainbridgeand Buckridge - streets; and the namesof otherswere probab ly owingto acc ident .Church- street and Church - lane,might be so called fromtheirnearly fac ing thechurch , orstanding on the ant ient church land of the Pitaunce Croft, if that circumstancewere generally known when they were built. Eagle and Ch i ld - al ley ,

was

Wil l iam Bainbridge, left money (45)Strype

’

s Stowe .

for erec ting a gal lery in the church,the The si te ofWel l ’s-

yard, has latelyrentso fwhichwere to be appl ied towards the b een added to the extensive brewery of

relief of the poor, and wil l be found further Messrs. Henry Meux and Co .

noticed in the account of the church, Sic .

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1544 ST . GILES’S PAR I SH ;

real. The mode of l iving fo l lowed by the people who dwel l here is such as

they prefer, and arisesmore fromchoice than necessity ; drink and profligacy

consume what would in many instances supply the decent necessaries of l ife ;and though the very centre of mendic ity , perhapsmoremoney is expendedwastefully in it, than serves tomaintain the inhab itants of farmore respectab leneighbourhoods.

PL UMTREE- STREET .— This took its name, as just observed, fromHenry

Plumtree, of Nottingham, esq . its builder; who received a demise of the

ground, Sac . for that purpose, fromthe owner, John Buggin, esq . of North

Cray , in the year 1686. The description of the land and premises so leased,acquaints uswith the nature of the spot at this t ime, wh ich, though perhapsnot regularly built on, was then covered with numerous dwellings and erec

t ions: It spec ifies, All thosemessuages, stab les, coach - houses, or tenementsand yards, situate in a certain place called the OLD TOWN or ST. GILEs

’s, for

merly in the occupat ion of Rob ert Gofl'

, v intner.” Two messuages or

tenements, adjoining the lastmentioried, late in the occupation of JohnWoodman, cheesemonger.” Two othermessuages or tenements, next the above,in the occupation of Ralph Deacon ; with two othermessuages adjoiningthem, then in the occupat ion of George Cartwright .

”— “And also all that p iece

of ground adjoining some of the b efore-mentioned premises, in the occu

patiou ofWalterBigg, esq . All wh ich premises contained in front , fromeast to west, 147 feet ; and in depth , fromnorth to south , 156 feet ; abuttingeast upon Vine- street west and north on hereditaments of David Bigg, esq .

and south , on the great street called St . Giles’s.

”In th is lease, the lessee

covenanted to build on the site of the said premises, a street regul arly on both

sides, to lead fromthe h igh street, to the ground of the said David Bigg ;wh ich was accordingly erected, and is the present

.

Plumtree- street . It is con

t inned by CHARL OTTE- STREET, which is of a very superior descript ion, and

whose houses and inhabitants are of considerab le respectab ility.

Bedford - square,‘

o

Gower- street, and other streets, squares, 8m. beyond thisand Great Russel l- street, northwards, (nowforming part of Bloomsbury parish,)will be noticed in the account of the next d ivision.

DIVISION

Q uery . If MajorWal ter Bigg, an found in the b iograph ical part of thiswork?ac tive parish ionerin the time of the Inter oritmight be his son.

regnum, and of whoman account wil l be

TOPOGRAPHY OF— BLOOMSBURY, EAST.

DIVISION VI. -NORTH SIDE.

B loomsbury , East.

Th is d ivision, with part of the fifth d ivision last described, - contains themanor of B loomsbury , east and west . -The ; name of this part of the parishhas already been accounted for. Will iamBlemund, or, as he . is sometimescall ed, Blemmot, was lord of th ismanor in the reign o f Henry III, and for

some years afterwards, who witnesses several of the ,hospital deeds of that

period ; at which t ime it was generally mentioned under the name of .

‘f Ble

mund ’sLand,

”

(Terride Blemund, )“Blemund ’sFee,

”

(Fwd’de Blemund,)8501

aswil l b e further seen in the account of themanor itself. Modern times havechanged the name of Blemundsbury to Bloomsbury . The account of the

hosp ital possessions, Chap . IV. compared with the plan of them,will suffic ientlyexp lain the situat ion, and otherpart iculars of the estate on th is division, at

the remote period ment ioned .

Froma reference to these, it appears that but l itt le of Bloomsbury was theninhab ited ; the princ ipal part on wh ich bui ld ingsstood , being the north sideof St . Giles

’s- street , and b efore the ditch . In the early part of the reign of

Elizabeth, Southampton House seems to have been almost the on ly bui ldingin th ispart of B loomsbury . And in this unbuil t state it probab ly cont inued for

several years afterwards, as, in a deed in the reign of James I, it is denominated a certain parcel of land cal led Bloomsbury ; the tythes of wh ich

are there said to have b een sold to one Samuel Knowles. By the year 1623,

however, a neighbourhood had began to accumulate both in the west and east

parts of Bloomsbury , -When the following places and houses were assessed ;

v iz . street side of Bloomsbury ,” nineteen houses ; north side of B loomsbury ,

”e leven houses B loomsbury , west side,” th irty - seven houses ; east

side of B loomsbury ,” forty-fiv e houses ; and L itt le - al ley , in B loomsbury ,

”

twenty - four houses. Fromth is t ime to the latter end of the reign of Charles I,l ittle further increase of bui lding took p lace ; nearly the who le of Bloomsbury ,with the except ion of the p laces spec ified, beingmarked as fields in the plans

of that t ime, part icularly in the plan of L ondon as fort ified by order of par

liament (48

(48

) In this p lan, one of the parl iamentforts,which Mai tlandment ions as standingpmwmen, at the north end of Southamp ton”WW“ House garden, then the terras

155

Bloomsbury ,East.

Assessment162 3 as to.

MONTAGU

walk, when hewrote hisHistory of London;is shown, wi th Southamp ton House itse lf;b ut scarcely any o ther buildings. Thismili tary work, as there drawn, seems to have

c onsistedx 2

156 ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

MONTAGU HOUSE, erec ted b efore 1676, seems to have led the way to thebuil d ing of several others on th is spot and to the lay ing out of the various

streets on its scite ; Bloomsbury Market only , and a fewplaces near it, havingbeen previously built, as isproved fromtradesmen

’

s tokens, who resided there

soon after the Restorat ion Thanet House, to the west of it, arose near

the same t ime, with some others, but wh ich were then thought to stand

quite in the country . Before 1700, the .

plans of L ondon show the whole of

Bloomsbury , as far back north as Southampton and Montagu Houses, with

both sides of Great Russell- street, Ste . completely covered with streets and

buildings.

The following are the names of some of the princ ipal streets and places on

th is division, with such part iculars concerning themaswe have b een ab le to‘

collectGREAT RUssaL L

‘

- sraEET — Described in 1708, as a very spac iousand hands

some street, b etween King- street , Bloomsbury , north - east , and Tottenhamcourt road, west ; its length 725 yards, and fromCharing - cross, north,

yards.

”Great Russe ll - street

”

(Strype’

s Stowe, ed . 1720) is a very hand

some large and well b uilt street , graced with the b est buildings in all

B loomsbury , and the b est inhab ited by the nob ility and gentry , (especial lythe north side as having gardens behind the houses, and the prospec t of the

pleasant fields up to Hampstead and Highgate,) insomuch , as th is place isesteemed the most healthful of any in L ondon. Th is street takes its b eginn ing at King- street, and runs westward into Tottenham- court road, beingof great length ; and in its passage, saluteth

'

SOUTHAMP'

rON HOUSE, MONTAGU

HOUSE, and THANET HOUSE; all three the seats of nob lemen. But for

stateliness of building, and curious gardens, Montagu House hath the pre“

eminence, as indeed of all houseswith in the c itiesof L ondon andWestminster,

and the adjacent parishes. The name of th is street is evidently derived fromthe ducal family of Russell , whose residence (Bedford House)has given waywithin th is few years only, to the newly erected streets and square wh ich

stand

consisted of two batteries and a breast work. his Diary) I went to see Mr. Montagu’

s

In the same p late is represented a redoub t, newpalace nearB loomsbury , buil t by Mr.

wi th two flanks, nearSt . Giles’

s pound ; as Hooke, a member of the Royal Soc iety ,also a smal l fort at the east end of Ty burn after the Frenchmanner.

”

road, orOxford - street, Opposi te the Crown See themamong the plates, chap .

pub l ic - house, at the cornerof Hog- lane . IV. of this account.

1 1 thMay 1676”

(saysMr.Evelyn in

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158

Kingsgate.

Duke- street.

ST. GILES’S

'

PAR ISH ;

cal led at first Kingsgate - road , a nd afterwards -Kingsgate - street .‘

. And Theo

balds Road, to wh ich it leads, acquired its name fromthe same cause.

'The

tavern adjoining ,the King

’s Gate, called Kingsgate Tavern, formerly the VINE,

was a ce lebrated house of entertainment in the reigns of the Charles’s, and is

mentioned frequently in the parish books. KING - STREET, running in a parallel

direc t ion with the above, but a littlemore westwards,wemay suppose took its

name fromthe c ircumstance we have stated, of the same king’s often passing

nearit . It hasof late years been handsomely rebuilt, but is described in 1720,very longh running northwards to the fields, and the side to the east b est

inhab ited , as having gardens at the backsides.”

The other streets, &c . on this d ivision, we shal l briefly enumerate fromStrype

’s Stowe, wh ich describes themas in 1720.

SOUTHAMPTON- STREET.— Very spac ious, with good houses well inhab ited,

and resorted unto by gentry for lodg ings, wh ich said street cometh out of

Holborn, and fronts the square called Southampton DUKE- STREET,

cometh out of Great Russell - street , and passing by L ittle Russell- street and

Castle - street, falls into St . Giles’

s through a narrowpassage of a brewhouse.

Th e vic inity of Duke- street to the ducal residences of Montagu and Bedford

Houses, very well accounts for its name ; and L ittle, l ike Great Russell - street,wasno doub t so cal led in comp l iment to the Russel l fami ly . SILVER - STREET,

running fromSouthamp ton—street to the Market -

p lac e, is indifferent wellbuilt and inhab ited . Then on the south of the Market is L ION - STREET, but

short, and givesan entrance into Ho lborn . GIL BERT - STREET, wh ich with L itt leRussel l - street, fall on the backside of Al l ington - row, used for coach - houses

and stab les these streets are but very ordinary . CASTLE- STREET, hath on the

east side HART - STREET, a good broad street, and on the west side PH tENIX

STREET, both wh ich are but ordinary - Here also isa small p lace call ed CASTL E

YARD ; BREWER- STREET, also of no great account ; as isPETER- STREET, wh ich

is but short . QUEEN- STREET, opposite to Montagu House, is a good broad

street indifferently wel l built and inhab ited . BOW- STREET comes out of Hol

born and falls into Peter- street, dividing Hart - street fromBrewer- street, both

narrow streets, and not over well inhab ited .

” HYDE- STREET was probab lybuilt by Mr. Hyde, a respectab le parishioner and vestryman in the reign of

Charles II. It is a tolerab le good street, and is situated between -BloomsburyMarket, east, and themeeting of Peter- street, Bow- street, and Brewer- street,

west .

TOPOGRAPHY OF— BLOOMSBURY, EAST.

Of the numerous modern streets and places built to the north of Bloomsbury , including Bedford and Russel l , with part of Brunswick- square, and the

various othernewbui lt streets, all of wh ich nowformpart of the parish

of St . George B loomsbury , it is sufficient to observe, that they are for the

most part large, handsome and airy , and are filled with first—rate houses

and build ings, but have nothing independently of those c ircumstances to exciteattention.

159

166 7 ST. GILES ’

S PAR I SH ; ~ 1‘

C H A P. II .

ANTIENT STATEOF THEBOUNDARIES OF ST.

‘

GILES’

S PARISH.

Eirtreme S outh -western’

B oundary ml Acco’

unt of Eldestrate,“

or, , OZd - street ;‘

Colmanneshegg , and Estates at ; M erslade, L angnzere.— The Elms, or

L ong Acre ; South- east side B oundary . Via Reg ia de Aldewy ch, orD rury

lane ; Aldewy ch Field, South and East Sides.— Fi/cattesfiald Fickets Crofl

‘

,

or L ittle L incoln’

s Inn Fields ; Account of L incoln’s Inn, the Old Temp le,

Cotterel Garden, (gear —H olborn B ars, and Estates at ; H olborn Cross.

Manor of Portp ole ; Gray’s Inn, and Red L ion Fields ; N orth and N orth

west B oundaries, fire.

THEboundaries of this parish, l ike various others, having occasionallybeen a subjec t of dispute, an investigat ion of their antient state and h istorywill b e attempted in th is Chapter. Besides its local interest, the subject isin itself curious, and intimately connected with other parts of th is account ;

part icularly fromthe c ircumstance of St . Giles’

s hosp ital having ownedmuchof the surrounding land, and fromits grants containing the earl iest descript ion of it . To afford a c learer idea of th e several p lacesment ioned, and theirrelative situat ion with respect to each other and to the parish , the ac companying plan is prefixed, in wh ich the various dwell ings and estates wil l b e found

local iz ed fromthe hosp ital grants. Themodern state of the boundaries not

coming with in the plan of th iswork, we shall forb ear to speak of.

BOUNDARIES OF THEFIRST DIVISION.

The boundaries of this division commenced at its western extremity , at

Town ’

sEnd, with the street antiently called Eldestrate. Th is h ighway has

b een On the western side of Eldestrate, and nearly opposite

the hospital garden, was

Cohereshaghe, or Colmanneshegg,wh ich is frequently mentioned in the ant ient grants as the site of various of

the hospital estates. In '

the exchange with Henry VIII, th is spot is cal ledColman’

s-hedge, and Colman’s-hedge field ; at wh ich t ime it waspart of the

CampisSee p . 1 1 0— 1 1 1 .

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162 STJG ILES ’S PAR I SH ;

Westminster, near the land which he lately n granted to the brothers,

opposite Coh ereshogg, and extending to Eldestrate.

’

Westminster, M erslade,— L angemere, at .

6. Three roods of land demised to the hospital by L uc ia de Belgrave, lyingin the place called L e Meryslade, inWestminster, 3d Edw. I. 7 . Twel vemarks of silver, arising froma tenement inWestminster ; also two sh illings

and sixpence annual quit-rent, with a cock and two ch ickens, and al l third

day works in autumn, receivab le fromlandswh ich the hosp ital held of the giftof the late Adamde Basinge, situate in the field called L e Merslade in the

vil l of .Westminster. 8 . Half an acre of arab le land, granted to the hospital

by Ralph de Cruce, and confirmed by Thomas Pente, lying in the fields ofWestminster. 9 . An iacre of land granted by Robert deWaneden to hosp ital,situate as above, l y ing b etween land of Robert Burnel l , south , and land of the

same hospital, north and extend ing bread thways to the land next Colmannesh egg on thewest ; and to the land of Rob ert de Gervimine east .

— N. B. Roger

de Clare, master of St . Giles, af terwards granted to Roger de L ey cestr’

, the

same acre of land, cumvestura blad i sup erestent’. 10. An acre of land of

Juliana de Gayton, granted to the hospital in exchange for hal f an acre of

land b eh ind the hosp ital garden in solarB lemundi describ ed as an acre of her

land ly ing in the fie lds ofWestminster, beh ind the garden of the same hosp ital ,west, and other land of the gift of Rob ert the linen - draper, east . An acre

of land, granted by Gervase de sciEgidio, described as ly ing inWestminster, inthe field call ed L angemere, b etween land of Bartho lomewSpringold, east ;and other land of same Bartholomew and of hosp ital , west ; and extend ingfromthe king’

s h ighway unto land of same Bartho lomew, south — N. B. Th is

land in a subsequent grant is describ ed as one acre of land inWestminster,ly ing at Langemere, abutting upon the king

’s h ighway lead ing to GIBBE,

north . 12 . An acre of land adjoin ing the last, and granted asab ove, describ ed

as one . acre of land at Langemere, ly ing between the land of BartholomewSpringold .and Alic ia .Wehb e, east ; and land of the same BartholomewandWill iamTrentemaris, west . 13. L and granted by PeterHutte to the hospital,ly ing in the field called Langemere, between land of the same hospital, and

land of J6i Boti, and extending fromthe orchard of the same brothers andsisterswh ich is by the king

’s h ighway , called Oldestrate.

'

l

. .The greaterpart of this land (the several .plots of which amount altogetherto

TOPOGRAPHY?OF~

to about'

twelve a cres) 'was possessed*by the hosp ital til l the exchangewith

Henry VIII,‘

when it was con veyed'to

'

himby:the descript ion of ‘3two1acres

of pasture, ly ing in the fie lds of St:Martyn’

s; five‘

acres‘

of pasture lyingin a certain close‘

near Colmanhedge ; ‘

and * fiv e‘

acres of p asture lying d n

Colmanhedge ffield, al l be ing in the ‘said v il lage of Saynt

-Gy les” It

appears to h ave been built on,much about the same t imewith the Seven D ials,and at present contains a considerab le part of the

'

populous neighbourhoodsof

Old Compton - street and Soho - square. The‘parish of St . Anne (in wh ich the

whole is now inc luded)was created 'by ac t of Parliament,“ 30 car:II ;"

and

the ‘

church finished in pursuance of another'act, 1 Jac . II, by wh ich the

inhabitants“ were authorized to raise money to buil d a church

'

to be a'

parishchurch there ;

'wh ich was bui lt accord ingly , and a church -

yard;'

or cemetary,marked out and inc losed on a parcel of ground then cal led Kemp’

S' fieldE

Somewhere nearth isfield, and antiently part of the parish of St:Mart in in the

fields, was also a field, cal led ST . JAMEs’

s FIEL D , and a h i l l cal led MEL LE

HIL LE, togetherwith a p lace cal led the asappearsin record 9 Riorl l,wherein six acres of land in St . James’s field, and three roods and one

'

acre‘

ap ud le D onne in St. Martini in camp is, are granted to Stephen- Ch is

‘

e. Th is

D ownwas a large p iece of commonab le land, some partwhereofwas in St:Giles’sas 1s evidenced by anotherrecord, 20 Rio . II, wherein there is stated

to be granted to'Johri'

de Bel le‘monte,kut . fiv e acres sur' le Donne in

St . Giles’s.

”

The abov e informat ion is furnished by Strype, from‘

papers he possessed,

once belonging to the L ord TreasurerBrughley . It appears fromthem, that

the parish ioners of St ; Margaret’s, and St . Mart in’

s, had about the year 1592 ,

a vio lent contest with the then“

holders of these, and other lands adjacent,respec t ing a certain right wh ich

‘

the former c laimed, of having them“

thrown

Open annual ly , for a given period fromL ammas- day, for the purpose of commoning ;

Westminster fields, which was the

name this whole ‘

trac t o f ground was ori

ginally cal led by (the parish of St . Mar

garet then comprehending the _whole ofWestminsterand its l iberties,) came, on the

erec tion of St . Martin’

s parish, to be denominated the fields of St . Martin’

s, or St.

Martin’

s fie lds, as in this conveyance .

It should seem, fromthe several par

c els of land exchanged being describedas

“all being in the said vil lage of Saynt

Gy les, that the v il lage, though not parish,extended into the fields ofWestminster.

In 1679 , St . Giles’

s b eing indic ted by no t

repairing Old- street, orHog

- lane,as it was

then cal led, p leaded its not b eing a pub lichighway , and that it had never been re

paired by them.

if 2

u

164 ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

moning and wh ich right they deduced fromHenry VIII . As the discussions

wh ich took p lace on this occasion, tend to throwsome light, not only on the

then state of th is part of the boundaries, but the connect ion which St . Gil es’s

parish itself had with them it will b eworth while to take a conc ise viewof the

documents and evidence wh ich the two parishes brought forward : J

.

J

Fromthe different statementsmade 1n themit seems, that at the D isso lution,or probab ly as early as the exchange with Radc liffe, the whole land west of

St . Giles’s parish, as well that wh ich had b elonged to the hosp ital as other,

extending to Tyburn, Knightesbridge, and Chelsea, had b een leased by the

crown to various tenants, reserving to.

the parishes before- named the aforesaidright of commoning. This privi lege had been exerc ised and remainedundisputed unt il the reign of El izabeth , when the personsho ld ing these landsof the queen, and which are part icularized to consist of Eubery farm,the

‘

Neat, St . James s farm, and d ivers parcels of the p ossessions of B urton

St. L aaarus, thought proper to inclose the same with gates and hedges

Th is encroachment the inhab itants of St . Margaret’

s, 8m. resisted, and with

p ick-

axes and spades pulled the whole down and threw the fields open ; and,

an inquiry b eing made as to the right, several witnesses were examined.Wi l l iamWood , yeoman, and constab le of St . Giles’s parish , deposed as to the

violence used in b 1eaking down the fences and the other deposit ionswere

ch iefly to the same point ; for al l wh ich those parishes c laimed indemnificat ion ,for the reasons stated . On the other hand, the farmers of the grounds

petitioned the queen, and dec lared, if such customwere al lowed, theirpro

perty must b e ruined . To th is it was answered-

by the parishes, as to the

Down general ly , that it did not produce the queen eight -pence an acre ; that

various parts of it had been underlet, and that those tenants had inc losed itfor theirprivate commodity ; and as to the St . Gil es

’

s hosp ital estates in particular, itWas stated—7 “ That there were certain parcelsof land, by estimationfifty acres, holden of her

'

Majesty by lease, some t ime of the possession ofBurton St . L azarus of Jerusalem, wh ich in times past had b een L ammas

‘

and

errab le, wh ich were then d ivided, hedged and ditched, formeadow and

pasture,

(4

) Of these places, Rub ery or Auberyfarm, lay towards Chelsea. The Neat wasthat part ofWestminsterwhere the Neat

houses” were lately si tuate, towardsTo thil

fields. St . James’s farmoc cupied part of

the present site of St . James’s- square and

the parcels o f land, part o f the possessionsof Burton St . Lazar, were the estates abovedescribed as belonging to St . Giles

’

s hosp ital

,and which came '

to the former bythe

. gran t of St . Giles’

s, in the reign o f

Edward III.

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166

NearCharingcross.

ST. GILES ’S

’

PAR ISH ;

commonab le - state marked b y ' its lay ing open to passengers and icattle, and

by femaleswash ing and dry ing c lothes in it .‘

The name of DOWN, seems to have b een applied to the‘west “

side of . the

marsh - land, or rather‘ it was includ ed in that general th is

might have been thefive acreswh ich Richard II granted to sirJohn Bellemonte,’as just it being about the amount unappropriated in the hosp italgrants, as also that side of themarsh - land wh ich they do nOt not ice though

howit became vested in the crown, unless it was by thatmonarch ’s seizure of

the custody and estates of St . Giles’s hosp ital, (7 does not appear. In the ro l l,

4.Will; 8:Mary, Marsh - land is stated to b e parcel of‘

themanor of St . Jamesin the fields. It had evident ly reverted back to the hospital prior to the .

D issolut ion , b eing enumerated among the premises exchanged by Radcliffe, asone c lose of land called Merrsheland.

”The toft and croft (messuage and

c lose) near Charing- cross, mentioned in the same instrument, with eight acresof land near the Mews,might have b een the premises original ly given to thehospital by the . rector of St . Clements, with which the descript ion of themagrees, except ing that the land so given at theMewsismentioned asconsistingof nine acres, and the land here at eight

The above p lac es formed the western boundary of the first d ivision. Its

southern- boundary , . which we shal l next proceed to investigate, was formedch iefly by the north side of the parish of St . Mart in in the fields ; comprehend ingELM - CL OSE, and Convent -

garden .

“

TheElms, orElmClose.

Thispart of the southern boundary (wh ich inc luded the present Long- acre

and adjacent streets as far asCastle- street),was antiently called TheElms, andElm- close then the Seven Acres; and in after t imes, fromthe length of a

c ertain’

Q y . Might not the name here cal ledBellemonte, ‘

be meant for Blemonte, or

B lemund, a descendant of the

owners of Blemundesbury , anda parishionerof St . Giles The Bellemontes,earlsof Leicester, had then been long ex tinc t .(7See account of hospital, p . 60 .

In the commencement of Elizab eth ’

s

reign, a commission was issued for inquiringconcealed land: into concealed lands in St .St ' Mmm” Martin’

s and St . Giles’

s paand St. Giles'

s,

temp .Eliz. rlshes ; 1tm1ght be some of the

Bellcmonte orElewonta.

above. The document is intitled, “S .Mar

t inis de R . S . St al ijs, assignatis ad inquirendumde terris a regnia concelatis, tamin parochia S. Martini j ux ta Charingcrosse, in commitatu Middlesexiae, quaminparochia S. Egidij in campis, Michael isc ommissiones, 7 El iz . Rol l 5.

(9 The master, St e . of St . Giles

’

s hos

pital granted in the reign of Edward I, a

house situate near thee

rOad Elmwlm’

leading to the Elms, by the Called “ The

descrip tion of a messuagem’

and

TOPOGRAPHY OF—‘ITS BOUNDARIES.

certain sl ip of the ground here, then used as a pathway, the Long- acre.

It b elonged antiently to the Abbey of ;Westminster.had only -

one acre'here, which was given by .GCI'V"

de sci Egid io, and is described as one acre of land which Simon .de

Aldewych held of himof the fee ofWestminster but where situated does

not appear

Th is land remained common fields unti l the beginning of the 17th century .

About 1610 . (the period when Queen- street and neighbourhood were laid out)L ong- acre began to be built on in an irregularmanner, and so

'

on after the

north wall of Convent ~

garden (wh ich is shown in Speed’splan ofWestminster

of that date) .was taken down, and the present square built there.

In 1650, a survey (nowin the Augmentation Ofiice)was taken by virtue ofa commission, grounded upon an act of the CommonsofEngland, of certaintenements, Sec . on a p iece of ground cal led Elm- close, alias Long- acre,

part of the bailiwick of St. James, in the parish of St . Martin in the fieldslate parce l of the possessions of Charles Stuart, late king of England .

” Therestood the fol lowing buildings, &c . upon this seiteFromLower- end west, to Mercer- street east, there were 10 tenements ;worth perannumWest side of Mercer-street, 10 tenements ; worth per annum 95 .

Several of the former of these tenements are described as having gardens,running down to the .D itch ; meaning the Cock - and -Pye

- ditch on the south

side . of marsh - land, wh ich was not then arched over. An xaccount -of the

bui ldings on the opposite side of L ong- acre fo l lows, commencing on the east,

and then the west end range of the lower end of L ong- acre,

- in wh ichwere

Twenty -fiv e tenements (inc luding the Cook)worth perannumNine D itto, west end of Cock- and -Pye

- d itch

and appurtenances situate breadthways nextland of their house, and abut ting east on

land late of Roysia le .Bolde, and a messuage .of Gresie de Hundeshall ; and ex

tending lengthways fromother the hospitalland on the north, by the king

's h ighway

leading towards theElms southward .

”— See

account hospital possessions, Chap. IV.

167

The

In a grant of premisesin the Strand,dated apud crucem lapideamextra .bar

rasse Novi Templ i (Strand ,cross,) they are

described as situate between the garden of

the lord abbot ofWestminster, and the

king’

s highway ,”

(Strand )(f ‘

) FrOma rol l in the AugmentationCfiice.

ST. GILES’S

'

PARI SH

.

f

The place last -mentioned was the'

east end of L itt le St . Martin’sJang ,

Many of the tenements are ’

deslcrib ed'

a'

s situated backwards. TheCock wasat the cornerby Castle-street, now the Two Angels and Crown and havingafterwards a Magpie added to its sign,

“oc casioned themarsh - land to be cal led

Cockland -Pie-Fields.

That part of L ong- acre between the Mercer- street and Crosse - lane ends,

had tenements worth per annum 385 .

Among t hese latter tenements, one is described as Al l that faire and

lofty fabrieke, consisting of fiv e long spac ious tenements, stronglie buil t withbricke and . covered with t ile,

‘

86 foot in length'

east and west'

on the front in

L ong- acre, and 36 feet in breadth north and south . Each of themconsist ingof a large cellar, very commodiously divided into a large kitchen, a buttery ,

and other small rooms. And over the same, one fayre hall and one

fayre parlour. And in the first.

storye one fayre d ining- roome, and a fayre

balcony there. And b eh ind the same one fayre chamber, and in the second

story . two fayre chambers, and over the same two fayre garrets. Al l wh ich

said roomes are well accomplisht with c losets, and other necessary roomesfitting for such a house, as also to each of themone fayre garden and

orchard, well p lanted with several choice fruit trees, 8CC. stab le and someother smal l houses in some part of the said garden . And down to the Ditch

side, at the lower end of the said orchard, at t he north part thereof, three

tenements built .” adjoining to the said fabrick, a garden and orchard

now used for gravel p its. All wh ich premises are inc losed with a brick wal l ,now in the occupation of Mr.

,Squire and others, and are worth per

annum‘The other premises on the spot are described as—

“ All that tenementadjoining to the east part of the last tenement, and consisting of one , large

timbery ard and in the same four smal l sheds next the street, and between

the same a tenement stronglie built with bricke, and adjoining to the north

part and backside of the said house one coach - house and stab le and farther

backwards, fifteen coach - housesand stab les a certain shed there, and a court

yard and two gardens adjoining and belonging to the same, enc losed with a

bricke wal l , in the occupation ofWi l l iamWest, and his tenants, worth 75 l.and adjoin ing to the last “

tenement was'

another tenement in front, and six

more b ehind the same ; and another tenement b etvmen that and the corner

house of Crosse- lane ; the latteroccup ied by a lady Blundell.

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ST. GILES’S

'

PAR I SH ;

Covent -

garden, will be understood by the following not icesr elative to'

the

latter parish , fromStrypeThe ground on wh ich Covent - garden parish is built , .was formerly fields,

with some thatched houses, stab les and such l ike wh ich ly ing in so good a

place, the ownerof the said ground (the earl of Bedford)did th ink tomake animprovement thereof, and procuring an act o f parliament for themaking of

it into a parish of itself, separate fromthe parish of St.'

Martin - ia- the Fields,

did, about the y ear 16344 and 1635 , begin to pull down the

'

said ~old buildings,

and c lear away .the rubb ish, and laid it out into several fair streets, straight and

uniform, wh ich were built with good brick buildings. About th e centre of the

ground, he caused to be set out a large square, or rather ob long p iece of

ground, 500 feet in length, and 400 feet in breadth and into wh ich four

large streets of about 50 or 60 feet broad, have their entrance. In themidstof th is plot or space (since called CONVENT- GARDEN)with in rails, is a stone

p illar orcolumn, raised on a pedestal asc ended by steps, on wh ich is p laced a

curious d ial, four square, having above it a mound gi lt with go ld, all neat lywrought in free

- stone . The church of St . Paul, ‘ Covent -

garden, stands on

the west side, and is the work of that rare arch itec t Mr. Inigo Jones, one of the

greatest restorers of the antient Roman way of building, and this the first

The north and east sides of the square, .consist s of stately bu i ldings for the

dwel l ing of persons of repute and qual ity ; their fronts stand ing on p il lars and

arches of brick and rust ic work, with p iaz zas and walks underthem; like thoseof the Royal Exchange in L ondon , and imitat ing the rial to in Venice. The

south side lyeth open to Bedford garden, where there is a small grotto of trees,

most p leasant in the summer season " f

The

Howmagnificent and great, says

the same writer, do th it present i tsel f toPraise qf co the b eholder. The portico is“migardi’m magnificen t . The uprigh t,with

the viewof the piazzas, is done by the c u

rious JiIr. Hollar. It is the only v iew,in

imitation of the Ital ians, we have in L ondon, ushered into use by t hat encourager of

the arts, the earl ofArundel l .ThisCovent - garden, ~

and the landb e longing to it, was first granted by king

Edward VI, to his unc le the

duke o f Somerset ; and then,in

"

th e month of May 1 552 , there was a

patent granted to John earl of Bedford and

MS. 10. Strype. -

b ishop of

lord privy seal , o f COVENT - GARDEN,ly ing

in the parish of St . Martin in the fields,next

Charing- cross, with SEVEN ACRES, cal ledL ONG - ACRE, of the yearly v alue -

o f

6 . 6 3. 8 d . parcel of th e possession -3 of

the late duke of Somerset ; to b e held byhimand his heirs, in socage and not in

cap ite.

”Bedford house was erec ted soon

after the date of th is grant, whereas b eforetheir house was on the o ther side o f the

Strand, formerly cal led the R. B. (Richard

Carl isle ’

s Inn .

Hassle“)

Covent - garden, and the grounds belonging to it, were at this time ’

all encompassedwi th awall .”

TOPOGRAPHY OF—l - ITS BOUNDARIES.

The same authorgoes on to observeI find also a lease, granted fromthe

'

right‘honourab le Franc is earl of

Bedford (dated at hismansion house in the Strand, the l oth day of March 1631,

in the 7th year of king Charles I,) to John Powel , Edward Palmer, and others

he having let unto the saidEdward Palmer, the father, all the p iece orparcel

of‘

ground‘

of the said earl’s p asture, Called Covent -

garden and.

L ong- acre ;

One of themly ing on the south side of a parcel of ground, then laid forth for

a new church -

yard, containing; Sac . to'

hold fromthe above date for the termof34 y ears, at the yearly rent of and 6 d . payab le quarterly at the d ining

'

hal l of the said earl ’s house, called Bedford house, in theStrand,”

The ac t of parliament l Q Car. II,‘

ann0'

1660, passed“

formaking the prec inctof Covent -

garden parochial, states in the preamb le, that Francis earl of

Bedford, deceased, erec ted"

the fabrick of a church , for the use of the inha

bitants of theprec inct of Covent -

garden ; and‘

that it was found necessary'

to

make the same paroch ial ,” 8CC. By this act the boundaries of the new‘

parish

are set out as fo l lows Beginning at the Strand, at the east end of themesSuage cal led Bedford house, and inc lud ing the said

' house, with all the houses,

outhouses, gardens, 80C. be longing ; and all those houses within the narrow

bounds, that is to say , 440 feetwithout the brick wal l and all houses, bui ld ings,edifices and landswith in the said bounds, bounded by the house of HumphreyVaughan, in Russel l - street, east ; by the house ofWi ll iamBard, in Shandoisstreet, west ; by the house ofWi l l iamCrisby ; in James- street , north ; and by

the houses of Richard Taunton, in Bedford - street, south .

Beyond Covent -

garden, southwards, were the gardens of the houses in the'

Strand , wh ich extended to the wal lsof the former, and formed the extremity ofthis boundary . Their sites are nowoccup ied by Tavistock- street , Chandois

st reet , &c . The ant ient appearance of the who le neighbourhood, inc ludingCovent -

garden and‘

L ong- acre, may be '

seen in the p lan of Ralph Aggas,anno 1560 .

BOUNDARIES OF THESECOND DIVISION.

The boundaries of th is d ivision, being part of the parish of St . Giles,and described in theirproper place, an account of themhere is needless.

BOUNDARIES

Boundariesof second

division.

172 ST. GILES’S PAR ISH ;

BOUNDARIES OF THETHIRD DIVISION.

Via reg ia de Ac .

Some not ice has already been taken of th is h ighway in describing the roads in

the parish we shall consider it furtherin th isp lace as constituting also one of

the boundaries. Fromthe eastern extremity ofElm- c lose, orLong- acre,wh ich

bounded it on the south -west, the above portion or d ivision of the parish cont i

nued along the eastern side of theAldewy ch road, as faras the way afterwards

call ed Princes- street,where St . Clements parish began . The opposite, orwest

side of the road, was part of the land of the abbots ofWestminster, who hadsome tenements on the spot where Bow- street and its neighbourhood have been

since erec ted . Fromone of themthe hosp ital received an annual qu it rent of

3d . wh ich was remised toWilliamFonte, in the reign of Edward I, by the

description of a rent issuing fromthat tenement wh ich the sameWi ll iamheld of the feoffment of the abbot and convent ofWestminster (quodamten’

qd idemWillo tenet ex feoffamenta abb is et conv entus In Aggas’s

plan the who le of the ground of the Covent -

garden to Aldewych road , appears

pasture, and the wall extends fromthat road as far west as St .Mart in’s- lane.

In Speed’

s p lan ofWestminster, 1610, the east side of Covent -

garden is buil t

on, and only part of the north and south walls standing . Between the

southernwall of the Covent -

garden also, or site of Tavistock - street, and the

Strand, St . Giles’

s hosp ital had one estate, consisting of a messuage and two

sh ops ; wh ich are said to be situate in the parish of St . Mary- de o la- Stroude,

b etween the garden of the lord abbot ofWestminsterand the king’s highway ,

north and south .

DRURY - LANE(themodern name of the via de Aldewych) originated fromDrury house, the hab itation of the Drury family , of wh ich Mr. Pennant thus

speaks in his account of L ondon Drury house,was, I believe, built by sirWil liamDrury, amost ab le commander in the Irish wars, who unfortunatelyfel l in a duel with sirJohn Burroughs, in a foolish quarrel about precedency .

Sir Robert (Drury)hisson,was a great patron of Dr. Donne, and assigned himapartments in th is house. I cannot learn into whose hands it passed after

wards. D uring the t ime of the fatal discontents of the favourite, Essex , it wasthe place where his foolish advisers resolved on such counsels, as terminatedin the destruction of himand hisadherents.

”

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ST. GILES’S PARI S H ;

courtesies were . again accosted with no better expressions than an extended

mouth, whereupon he sent a gentleman to her, to .let herknow, that the ladies

Qf England weremore grac ious to him, than to encounter his respectswith such

afironts. She answered, it was true that he had purchased some of their

flwours at a dear rate, a nd she ' had a mouth to he stop t as well as others.

Gondamar find ing the cause of themot ion of hermouth , sent hera present,

as an antidote, wh ich c ured her of that distemper.

”

The d ifferent parts of the lane,with the al leys, 860 . branch ing fromit, (were,as described in the assessment alluded to,)and total of residentsDrury

- lane 56 housekeepers. D °

(Cockpitt side) M housekeepers.

Drury- lane (gardeners on the backside of ) 4. D

°

Queen - street , 15 housekeepers. Princes- street (both sides) 32 D °

L ower al ley 7 D °

Pepper- al ley D °

Exclusively of the numerous residences in the fields, on each side of the Aldewych road, it appears that some bui ldingswere erec ted antiently in the road

itself, as was th e case with St . Giles’

s- street, if the following may b e so

understood

Johanna,.

the daughter of Stephen de Pistrino, remises and quits c laimtothemaster and brothers and sisters of St . Giles’s hosp ital , to amessuage late ofL orid, h er grandfather, situate in the way called Aldewych, in the parish of

St . Giles. (Messuagio cumsuis p’

tin que fuerunt L orid av imei in v ico que

v ocaturAl dewy ch in pbch p’

dc i hosp . sci

It is not easy to ascertain the exact site of the premisesment ioned in the

fol lowing grant , but they were a part of the boundaries th iswayPeter, the son of Meileine, granted to the infirmof St . Giles

’

s hospital,in pure and perpetual alms, ten sh i l l ings yearly rent arising fromhis land inthe parish of St . C lements Danes, of the t enure of the earl of L eicester, ly ingb efore the garden there of the said Peter, v iz . two sh i l l ings fromthat part

b efore his garden, on the west , held by himofWal ter Blundis ; and eight

sh i l l ings fromthe land andmessuage of Edward Bolongari, towh ichmessuagethe remainder of such garden belongs and wh ichmessuage adjoins the tene

ment of the saidWal terSl .

Montford, earl o f Leicester (from Lancaster, as appears by record

,Escaet

whomth is land appears to have b een held ,) Ed . III. an. 1 . (Tho’

eomit ’ Lancaster’ placca'

was the owner o f a mansion near the sub tuslitus Thamisie, ubi com’L eic” ali

Thaines side, and o f most, if not al l o f the quando hab ’man’

suum,” St e .)dutchy liberty , b efore Thomas, earl of

TOPOGRAPHY OF— ITS BOUNDARIES.

St. Clements, part Qf 'Aldewg/ch Close.

The parish Of St . C lementsDanes commenced immediately at the back of

the houses on the south side Of Princes- street , or south half of Aldewych field .

Th isground in the reign of Henry III, was possessed by ,

St. Gil es’s hosp ital,

and is described in various deeds Of that period . The earl iest of themseemsto b e one wherein Mart in, the son ofWill iam, grants part of it to the

hosp ital , by the descrip tion of all his land with its appurtenances, situate in

the parish of St . C lement Danes, late b elonging toWalter the son Of Cec ilia,and Of the fee of the said hosp ital , ly ing in the field cal led Aldewych and

extending in length , eastwards, upon land wh ich was Isabel Spretton’s and

west, upon the king’

s h ighway Of Aldewy ch and breadthways, upon land of

the said hosp ital , north ,”

(upon the St . Giles’

s part of Oldwick Close,) and

upon the land Of Hugh , c lerk of St . Clement '

s, south . Another part , nearlyabout the same t ime, was granted to the same foundat ion, by Asketanis the

go ldsmith, wh ich is described as“an acre of his land situate in the parish of

St . Clement Danes, and lately b elonging to Thomas Osgod and wh ich landlay between land ofWil l iamdeExamine ’

, and AdamCementar’ , and extended

lengthways, from the king’

s highway of Aldewy ch to the croft cal led

L A HALE.

”

The remainder, or very southern extremity Of the same c lose, was afterwards

granted to the hosp ital , by the above-ment ioned Hugh , c lerk Of St . Clements ;by wh ichmeans the brothers b ecame possessed of the who le. This last granted

part was, in the reign of El izab eth, the p'

roperty of sir Henry Drury , a

descendant of the Drury’s just not iced ; wh i le the p lot adjoin ing it north

wards, given by Mart in to the hosp ital , was held by Henry Hol ford, esq . and

was cal led (as we learn froma marginal note in the hosp ital book Of grants)FORFENEGARDEN ’ 8 FromMr. Holford

’

s it came into other hands

and

Cal led in ano ther deed,

“Martin eigh t acres Of land, three gardens, and

l xlebro l .”

onemessuage Opposi te to the deed so de

Har. MSS. NO. The note

against the grant is, “This is now cal ledForfene Gardeyn,

”

q d nota b ene pro Hen

rico Hol ford, nu, et Henrico Drury e,milite .

”

The remainder Of sir Henry Dru1y’

s land(onwhic h Drury house afterwards stood) isdeseiibcd in the t ime of Edward III, as

scrib ing which, is ano ther note in themargin,

“Rent service Of 30 s. payab le to the

hOSpitall, issuing out of a messuage, threegardens, and eigh t acres o f land, in y

°

pN

isshe o f St . C lemen’

Danes, qd nota bene,forsirHenry Drurye.

”

ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

and about the year1618,was h eld by ThomasBurton, a parishioner of St .Giles,against whomcomplaint

'

wasmade, that he had leased part of it to St . Clementsparish fora laystall , as appearsby the following vestryminute

1618 . An orderb eing shewn to the vestry , made by the commissionersappointed by the king

’s privy counc i l , touching a variance between the pa

rishioners of St . Giles- in- the -Fields, and the parish ioners of St . ClementDanes, about a piece of ground taken in lease by the said parish ioners of

St . Clements, fromThomas Burton of St . Giles’

s, upon purpose to maketherein a laystal ; and the same appearing to b e an annoyance to St . Giles

’s,

and that such lease ought to be resigned upon sat isfying the parish ioners of

St . Clements their expences it was ordered, that the said Thomas Burtonforhis pract ice to annoy the inhab itants of the parish wherein he dwel leth ,should repay all suchmoneysas had b een d isbursed in ob taining and fenc ing ofthe said p lott of ground, orother charges of keeping the same.

”

And in 1702 , the following entry occurs respecting it, under the name ofGRIFFITH FIEL D

1709 . Griffith field to be viewed, and the boundary stone there set up.

The other b oundaries of th is division were formed byWy ch street (a nameseemingly derived fromthe terminat ionWy ch, in the word Aldewy ch) in

part , and further southwards by the Strand, of which it is unnecessaryto speak in this place.

BOUNDARIES OF THEFOURTH DIVISION.

mammal— South and East Sides.

The southern boundary of the parish continued fromthe south east side of

the Campo de Aldewych, or east end of the present Duke - street , L incoln’s- inn

fields (afterturn ing a litt le to the right)in a l ine parall el with Portugal - street,unt il it reached the half way of Searle ’

s- court , where its east end commenced,and ran through the gardens of L incoln’

s- inn in a straight direc tion unt il itterminated, in part , by meet ing the north - east boundary of the parish at

Holborn, encompassing two sides (the south and east) of Fikattesfeld, Of

the antient state of th is part.

o f'

the boundaries, the following are somepart icularsIt does not appear that St . Giles

’

s hospital, though it possessed so muchland on otherparts of the borders

“(it being interestedmore or less in everyestate

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178ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

And th is conjectureseems in a degree countenanced by its afterdenominationof L ittle L incoln

’s- inn fields, as the otherwas called Great L incoln

’s- inn fields.

The eastern boundary on th is side, now formed by L incoln’s- inn, was in

ant ient t imes part of the grounds of the KnightsTemplars,whose house stooda littlemore to the eastward, where is now Southampton -buildings. These

were the original proprietors of Fikattesfeld, wh ich is in c onsequence gene

ral ly cal led in old grants the Templars field (GampumTemplariorem.) The

first residence of this order(who came into England in the reign of Stephen)was called the Old Temple But in the succeeding reign they began the

foundat ion of a nob ler structure opposite the end of Chancery - lane, then

called New- street, wh ich to d istinguish _it fromthe former, was called theNew

Temple, and the church of wh ich was finished and dedicated in 1 185 .Whetherthese templars possessed the whole of the ground b etween their first house

and Fikattesfeld , doesnot appear, but it is h ighly probab le they did , fromtheirowning Fikattesfeld itself. If so however, though they retained the property of

th e latter.till theirextinct ion, the former passed in avery fewyears aftertheirremoval into other hands. There were a second religious order, called the

Black Friars ; th irteen of whom, with theirpriorGilbert de Fraxnieto, arrived

in England in 122 1 , and were settled on the spot where the present Stone

build ings, L incoln’

s- inn gardens, 8CC. stand then described to b e, without

the wal l of the c ity by Ho lborn, nearunto the Old Temple.

” Here they buil ta church and convent , to wh ich the ce lebrated Hub ert de Burgh , earl of Kent,and other great personages, were b enefactors,

‘

and where they were b uried .

L ike - their predecessors, the Templars, they were not long resident on. the

spot , b eing removed in 1276 to theirmoremagnificentmonastery nearL udgate.

They were succeeded by the lawyers.

The origin of L incoln’s- inn asan inn of court,may b e referred to the reign of

Henry III, soon after the friars removal and the first bui lding was fitted up

fromthe remains of their house. In the reign of Edward I, they acquired a

permanent interest in these remains and the adjoining ground , wh ich werethen regularly

'

appropriated to the study of the law, but in what part icularway does not appear. Tradition reports, that Henry Lacy , earl of L inco ln, .

who had a grant fromEdward I, of the old friarhousejuxta Holburne, beinga person well affected to the study of the laws,

”assigned the professors of

themThis old Temp le was left and fel l to ruin since the year 1 1 84.

TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES.

themthisresidence but we are net told whether they acquired it by gift or

purchase. Fromth is nob leman it derived the name of L incoln’s- inn,which it

still retains. L acy died in 1310.

To the earl of L incoln ’s estate on this spot , was soon afterwards added the

greaterpart of the gardens of the b ishopsof Chichester,whose town’ mansion

adjoined it southwards. The b ishops house wasbui lt in a garden at the lower

part of the lane, once be longing to a John Herlirum, as. appears by the grant

mad e to Ralph Nevil (the first b ishop of Ch ichesterwho resided here)of it byHenry III, who excepted it out of the Domus Conv ersorum, nowthe Rol ls.Some years later the remaining part of the episcopal estate (reserving a cer

tain rent and lodgings to the b ishops when they came to L ondon)was leasedto the students of the law; one of which

“

students, Franc is Sulyard, resided

there t i l l the 27th Henry VIII. In“

that yearRobert Sherborn, the‘

n b ishopof Ch ichester,made a new lease of it toWi l liamSulyard, the son of the said

Franc is Sulyard, usher of the bedchamber to king Henry VIII, and l ikewisea student of the same house, for 99 years, for the rent of 58 . 6. 18 3 , 4 d.

This lease ended Michaelmas 1634 Richard Sampson, one of the"

sac

céeding b ishops of the see, passed the inheritance of th is house, and its

garden cal led COTTEREL GARDEN,” orConeygarth, 28 Henry VIII, to the_saidWilliamSulyard, and Eustace, “

his brother ; which grant was confirmedafterwards by the dean and chapter of Ch ichester. The inheritance thus

sett led in these two brothers, became vested by survivorship inEustace,whoseson and heir,Edward, 22Eliz . in considerat ionof 520, conveyed to RichardKingsmi l l , and to the .rest of the then benchers, the aforesaid house and

garden, &c . in fee, and a fine was accordingly levied by himthe said Edwardand hiswife

Such was the ant ient nature and appropriation of the ground and buildingsforming th is part of the parish boundaries, the descent of wh ich and other

part icu lars, we have b een induced to give in detai l , as they will be found tobe connected -with and to e luc idate several of the preceding parts of this

account,

The site of this house and garden

stil l retains the names of Bishops- court and

Ch ichester- rents. Of both this and the

friary , there are nowno remains. Chichester house was standing as late as the reignof queenElizabeth ; at which time Spelmaninforms us, sir Richard Read, master in

Chancery , and Mr.Atkinson, a counsel loratlaw, men eminent in their day , residedthere. It had long before ceased to be the

episcopal dwel ling.

See Dugdale’

s OriginesJuridicales,fromwh ich this information is principal lyex trac ted .

A 21 2

179

ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

account,‘

aswel l as the accompany ing plan. With the same view,

'we shal l

makea few‘

observ ations respect ing the progress Of building and other im.

prov ements on the spot .

The brick and tile used in erect ing the gateway (finished 12 Hen . VIII,)were dug froma piece of ground then cal led the Coneygarth , ly ing to the

west of the house, and adjoining L incoln’

s- inn fields.

(84Hen . VIII.)— The street nowcalled Chancery - lane, was, at theexpence

of the society , ordered to'

b e paved with stone, as far as the extent of their

own house and garden ; this cost £246, and took place pursuant to an act

of parl iament made anno 1540, which directed the paving of the whole

street (2 3

In 1 Ph il. et Mar. the walk under the trees in the Coneygarth wasmade .

Till the b eginn ing of the reign of Elizabeth , th e enc losure wh ich eucompassed the build ings of L incoln ’

s- inn, and separated themfromChancery

lane on the east side, and fromFickets fields on the west, wasmerely an

embankment of c lay ; but in the first year of that princess, an order was

made,that a brickwall and gates shou ld b e set up on the back side of the

house ; and that the gates on the fore side or Chancery- lane front, shoul d be

put up , wh ich it seems, notwithstanding formerd irect ions; had not b een b efore

done. And 24El iz . awal l the ful l length of the ditch on the back side, and

anotherat the upper end, towards Ho lborn, was completed besidesa gate

towards Fickets fields, and another in the brick wal l towards the pump, withasink fromthe kitchen,” &C . And in the b eginn ing of the reign of James I,abrick wal l n ine feet high was ordered to bemade b efore the kitchenwindowsand chamb ers, and for enclosing j

the garden there and two years afterwards,

another brick wal l appointed to b e set up, by the line fromthe newwall nearthe north gate lead ing to the walks, to the newwal l towards the Antelope

and 60 al lowed for the same. This enc losed the longwalk .

Chancery- lane, in the time of Ed

ward I, was so foul and d irty , that JohnBrit ton, custos of London, had it barred up ,

t o h inderany harmthat migh t happen in

passing that way and the b ishop o f Chi

chester kept up the bar for many y ears.

Afterwards, howev er, ‘

upon an inquisitionmade of the annoyances of London,

‘

the in

quest presented that John,b ishop of Chi

chester, ten yearspast, stopped up a certain

lane cal led Chancel lor’s- lane (levando ib idduas stapulas cumuna barra)by sett ing up

two stap les there wi th one bar across the

said lane,wherebymen with carts and Other,

carriages could not pass. The b ishopanswered, that John Brit ton, wh ile he was

‘

custos of London, had set up the same forthe reasons stated , and granted that it was

an annoyance, and should b e taken awaywhich was done by the sheriff accordingly .

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ST.

'

GILES’S PAR ISH ;

St. Giles’s hospital possLessed several estates on the north side of ; Holborn

next the Bars ; but none on the south side, orsite of the Old Temp le. Of

these we shal l presently speak, first notic ing a fewpart iculars as to the spbt

itself.

Immediately without the Bars, as will be seen . by the hospital grants hereafter quoted, stood a cross, probab ly similar to that fac ing Aldewych , call edHOLBORN CRoss, (Crucemde Holeburn,)and wh ich it is not unl ikely was setup by the Temp lars,whosehouse it nearly faced . To the north was the chapel’

or chantry of Portpole, and itsmanor; some account of which, as necessari lyConnected with the description of this land, wil l not be inappropriateThe ant ient manor of Portpole, or Purtepole, is .mentioned in a deed

46 Hen . III, by wh ich Rob ert de Purt epole, possibly its then owner, gives to'

the hosp ital of St. Giles (int. al.) ten sh i l l ings annual rent issuing fromhis

house in St. AndrewHolborn parish , to find a chap lain to ce lebrate his anni‘

v ersary ob it in the hosp ital church , as wi l l b e seen in the account of the

hosp ital .

In‘

the next reign it became the property of the lords Gray ofWi l ton, whohad here theirhouse or inn, wh ich fromthemwas named Gray ’

s- inn . John ,the son of Reginald de Gray , in 18 15 ob tained a l icence fromEdward II, togrant th irty acres of land , two acres of meadow, and ten sh i l l ings rent, withthe appurtenances, part ly ing in Kentish Town near L ondon, and part

in the parish of St . AndrewHolborn, without the Bars of th e Old Temple,unto the prior and c onvent of St . Bartho lomew, Smithfield, to furnisha

'

certain chaplain to celebrate d ivine service e very day in the chapel of

Pourtpole for the soul of the said John, and for the souls of his ancestors,

and for the souls of all the faithfu l deceased.

” About the latter end of

the reign of Henry VII, (v iz . August 12 , Edward, lord Gray , ofWi lton, by indenture of bargain and sal e; passed to Hugh Denny , esq . and

others, the manor of Portpole, otherwise cal led Gray’s- inn, fourmessuages,

fourgardens, the site of awindmil l , eigh t acres of land, ten shill ingsrent, and

the advowson of the chantry of Portpoole aforesaid wh ich sale was confirmedby release 22 Hen . VIII, fromthe said Edward, lord Gray , Sec . to the afore

said

period, the spot iscal led Barramcle Landon, where these b ars stood is stil l marked byand in those of a laterdate B arramv el cri a p il lar, carved with the c ity arms, St e .

Temp li ; and in most o f the subsequen t and the terms o f “above,

”and “ below

grants, the Bars of Holborn. The spot the bars, are still used

TOPOGRAPHY OF— BOUNDARIES.

said Hugh Denny, esq . and others, feofi'

ees’

; and eight yearsafterwards,” someof the feoffees made a grant to the prior of Shene, in Surrey , of the said

premises, by the descript ion of “! the said mannour of'

Portpole with the

appurtenances, fourmessuages, four gardens, one croft , eight :acres‘

of landand ten sh i llings rent, _

8cc . with the advowson of the same . chaurrtriesunto the

said mannour be longing.

”The prior » and convent ‘

of Shene'

b eing thus

possessed of the premises, demised themto the students o f the'

law for the

annual rent of £ 6 . 13 s. 4 d . at which rent they were held'

of t hatmonasteryt i l l the disso lution, when becoming the property of the crown, a grant wasmade by the king in fee farm: as is'

evident fromthe treasurer’

sf

acc'

ounts,

18 November, ‘

32 Hen . VIII, where entry ismade of the above-ment ione drent b eing paid to the king

’s use. _The property sti l l continues vested

in the crown.

The hosp ital estates on th isspot b egan with a shop and smith ’s forge,wh ich

stood on thewest side of Gray’s- inn lane, and wh ich was demised, 19 Edw: I,

183

Holborn

Bars,hospi

tal estates at.

b y the brothers to AdamleWolmonger de Bristollia, fortwenty years, at an

annual rent of 17 s. by the descript ion of a forge and shop with t heirappartenances in the parish of St . Andrew Holborn ; wh ich certain forge and

shop are situate and stand in the king’s h ighway lead ing fromthe said hos

p ital to the Bars of Ho lborn , and extend breadthways on the north and south

(i. e. down Gray’s- inn lane), and lengthways fromthe king

’

s h ighway nextHo lborn Bars, on

'

the east, unto a tenement of the said hosp ital on the

west

The house with its forge ab ove-ment ioned appears to have been one of a

row of seven houses, . built upOn a p iece of ground purchased by St zGiles’

s

hosp ital as early as the reign t of Stephen, and wh ich seemto have occup iednearly the who le of the land lying b etween Portpole chapel , north , and

Holb orn, south ; and to hav e extended east and west fromFucheres- lane

(afterwards Gray’s- inn lane) to nearly opposite Chancerv - lane. This land

was, prior to the hosp ital purchase, held of Richard Young, orJunior, as he istermed in the L at in, by one Mat i lda de Stockes, or Stokes, fromwhomit was I

bought by the brethren of St . Giles’s, and remained with themunt i l with in a

short

These same premises were again le Smy th de Galeton, c itizen of London,let, ,38_Edw. III, by the hospital , fora l ike by the description of onemessuage with atermof twenty years, and at nu -advanced forge and appurtenances, situate nex t therent of twenty shil lings perannum, to Henry , king

’

s highway at Portpole inHolborn.

”

RichardYoung

’

s

and.

ST. GILES ’ S PARI SH ;

short period of the dissolut ion being probab ly amongst themost valuab le of

their estates Th is ground, wh ich was among the earliest possessions ofthe hosp ital, is,

recognized both in the charter of Henry II, and the hull ‘ of

Pope Alexander, by the descript ion of “ land at the Bars,”

(tramde la Barre,)wh ich they, the brothers, held of Richard Juniore, canon of St . Paul

’

s church

L ondon ; and land wh ich they (h osp ital) bought of Matilda de Stokes and

her heirs, and wh ich washeld fromRichard Juniore, canon of the church of

L ondon .

”It is mentioned afterwards in similar terms in d ifferent royal

charters.

Of these seven houses, certain h istorical part iculars are stated in answer to

an inquest he ld in the reign of Henry VIII, (but in two or three respects

erroneous,) the substance of which is, that “ye

sayd vi i houses”

(it should

have been the ground they stohd on) were sometyme onc Ric Yonge’s

longtyme before E. y° first . Whyche Richard vppon great co

“cideration gaffe

the same tehtts vnto the said hosp ital , wy ch have co’tinually receyv ed the

rents, issues, and pfetts thereof ev’syth, to the fyndynge of the said lepers,

w’

out v exac’on or ympechement, as appears by grauntts, 850 . and al so yearly

rental ls tyme out ofmynde ofman Sc ab off c cc yerrspast .” That y

°sayd v ii

housesbenott b uylded in the kyng’sh ighway , ne to the noysaunce of eny pson,

b et founden 8c bylded of a pee l l of grounde then b eynge the inheritaunce of

the sayd hospital as is aforesaid,”&c . The first of these houseshad the forge,

above-ment ioned the other six were, 2 . a tenement, next to the forge

and shop , describ ed in the above grant ; 3. a tenement of John Osgod, wh ichadjoined the second hosp ital tenement west of Gray

’s- inn lane, and ismen

tioned in the account of the next house on the estate ; 4. a fourth tenement ,demised 7 Edw. II, by hosp ital to Geoffery de L ehyrington, described as a

messuage with its appurtenances in the parish of St . Andrew, Holborn, ly ingbreadthways b etween the tenement of John Osgod on the east, and the

tenement of John leNedelere, west and extending lengthways to the king’s

h ighway south ; and to land of the said John Osgod, north .

”

The deed o f sale spec ifies that the

h ospi tal of St . Giles have agreed to buy of

Matilda de Stockes and Gilbert her son,

h errigh t and c laimto certain land wh ichshe h eld of Richard Junior, canon of St .

Paul ’s, London, si tuate nex t the Bars o f

Holborn, and which had belonged to John

Next

th e son o f Pico t, the Lombard, for9 marks and 6 d . and that the said RichardJunior, b efore his court o f Haleinote of

Holborn, accepted the said infirmto ho ldsame of himand his successors by the an

nual payment of g s. rent and the usual sersv ices.”

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ST. GILES ’S PAR ISH ;

polemanor, and was divided among several'

tenants, of wh ich'

the fol lowinggrants give an account - The first p iece of land b eyond the corner house or

forge, wasdemised to G i lbert Clubole the . second p iece, westwards,with a

house thereon, toWalterOsegod and the third, te r .Valentine and are

all described in agrant in.the reign of .Henry III to the'

saidWal terOsegod , asonemesstlage ’with its appurtenances, lying b etween land iof Gilbert Clubole,

on the east part , and land late of Valentine, on . thewest (to hold at a

yearly re’

nt to said hospitalnof Q'

s.)condit ionally , that th e saidWalter and hisheirs should aassure to themaster and brothersof hosp ital, and their successors,free way and passage through certain his land , l

'

ying next the land of Ral ph

Church :(carpenter)as .wel l to their(the hospital’s) land, wh ich was late Jacob

Bal dwin’s, by a certain gate wh ich gate the said hosp italwould fromt ime to

t ime keep in repair,”8m;

Next to the passage adjoin ingWalterOsegod ’s land, was the p iece of land

ment ioned to belong to Valentine, andwh ich was afterwards demised to RalphChurch , carpenter, and .then to John Osegod and westward of that wasa

fourth piece described in .the lease to John Osegod, (19 Edw. L)as b elongingto Alic ia Attelosones, viz .

The hospital of St . Giles'

grants to John Osegod,'

a piece of land, &c . in

the parish of St . Andrew, without the bars of . Holborn , situate between the

land late of .\ValterOsegod, father of the said John , on the east part, and land

late of Alic ia Attelosones, on the west part and abutt ing, north, upon land

late of master John de = Seutheril l, and south , upon a messuage of the samehospital against the king

’s h ighway cal led

:The hosp ital land situate neartoWalterOsegod ’

s, to wh ich free egress, &c .

was to be had by the way orpassagement ioned , had previously to the demiseof it to the saidWal ter, b een let to Jacob Baldwin, as we find by another

deed, which grants certain land .b eyond.it, westwards, b elonging toWi ll iam

Blemonte, jun. viz .William, the son ofWilliamB lemonte, grants to RogerWy thin, an acre

of his land with the appurtenances, being of the fee of the saidWil l iam, and

wh ich he granted b efore t ime to AdamViche ; ly ing between the land of

Jacob , the son of Baldwin, east, and land ofWi l liamFulk, west and extend

ing, south , to the king’

s h ighway ,”8m.

Beyond

Themessuage before demised to John Osegod .

TOPOGRAPHY OF—‘

BOUNDARIES. 187

Beyond the first pieceof land of Gilbert Clubole, piece, Land of Peter

of land bfWill iamCousin,mentioned in a deed of t he reign de Holborn

which Péteride =Holborn, son of ?Wal terOs‘

egod,‘f

'

grants‘

to l the infirm-ci

St . Giles,'

without the c ity of London, a quit rent of three sh i l lings, payab leby Juliana Bukewanit forcertain land in the parish of St . Andrew, Ho lborn; of

the fee of‘

St. Giles, lying beh ind land xof Ralph Ch’

urch’

, carpenter, and land

ofWilliamCousin, ejusdfii feodo SEi These were all the estates the

hospital had on the north side of Holborn,without the bars the

'

only other

estate they had on the spotWasa tenement opposite the Caosshere, where thehouses b etween Middle -rowand Holborn now stand, wh ich 18 thus describedin a grant dated 45 Edw. III

Themaster, &c . of St . Giles’s hospital , grant to Realdo Edmund, car Land of

penter, at a y early rent of 10 3. al l that their tenement with its appurtenances,1

15

1

338

3112d.

situate next the Cnoss or HOL BOURNE, in the parish of St . Andrew, situate

between a tenement of St. Bartholomew’

s hosp ital , on the north, and the

tenement of the nuns of C lerkenwe l l , on the south .

”

According to the description of th is house, a nd its situation .between two Houses

others, north and south , it is evident that the same number of houses (three)stood antiently on this site as now, and probab ly others b ehind them, , west Middle- row.

wards, of wh ich the hosp italmight possess some, though .notment ioned in the

deedswhich have reached us. Th is seems to have b een the case, from! anexpression in the answer to the inquest, quoted, relat ive to the houses on

Richard Young’

s ground , where it is said, that y°

sayd vi i houses b e nottbuy lded in the king

’s highway , ne

‘

to the noysance of eny pson,”seeming to

imply , that those seven houses, had in the presentment been confounded with thetenements on th is spot and wh ich standing in the middl e of the street as at

present ,might be objec ted to as a nuisance.

Th e preced ing premises, and some tenements and land adjoining the bar, or

gate as it is termed in one of the deeds (also the property of the hosp ital,)formed the extremity of the north - east boundary . Of the land b eyond itwe

'

stward, and next to B loomsbury , the hosp ital grantsmake noment ion our

account can therefore only describe its, comparat ively,modern state.

Gray’s Inn, and Red L ion Fields.

The ground between Gray’s Inn and Bloomsbury , appears to have been 0

261311

1

3

5111,

total ly unbuilt on in the reign of El izabeth, and to have remained so for some 221d10 "

B b Q years

188

Hospital es

tatesat boun

S,T . . G ILES ’

S PARISH ;

years afterwards, except ,on the

“

Ho lb orn . side, wh ichwas complete ly formedinto a street about the year 1600 . The first approach towards rendering

,

it

hab itab le, seems to have been in the lay ing out of a bowling green and erect inga

ubonse of entertainment nearit, called the BOWL ING GREEN HOUSE.

” This

stood on the site of the present Red L ion - square, wh ich"

was then call ed RedL ion-fields. The ground beyond it , eastwards, was denominated Gray

’s

Inn-fields.

Fromvarious entries in '

the parish books, it appears that St . Giles’

s parish

antiently inc luded a part , if not the whole of the ground called Red Lion

fields, though the same '

was afterwards reckoned to be in St . Andrew’s

Much Of it is now formed into t he parish of St . George the

Martyr, Queen - square.

FIFTH AND SIXTH nIVISION BOUNDARIES.

North -west End, and North Side of the Parish .

The hospital possessed no estates on the land forming the boundaries Of thenorth -west extremity Of the parish , except ing one or two wh ich lay at as great

a distance fromit as Tyburn we knownoth ingmore therefore Of the ant ient

state Of it, than that it wasmere common fields, and‘

remained so unti l of late

years. Oxford - street , cal led in different Old p lans of London, Thewaye to

Oxford,”

The waye to Uxbridge,”and somet imes The road to Tiborn,

’ f

was literal ly a road skirted with hedges and d itches almost with in memoryand nearly the who le of the neighbourhood adjoining its north side is of

comparat ively late erection .

The northern boundary included the preb end of Tottenhall, part of wh ich

seems

Vestry minutes, 1676. WhereasVestryminute, the bowl ing green in Red

L ion - fields, hath been c laimedand for sometime wrongful ly enjoyed byand as part of the parish o f St . Andrew,Holborn, whereas the same is indeedwithin and part o f the parish Of St . Gilesin the Fields. It is ordered that the in

hab itants thereof pay ing their dues to th isparish , shal l be indemnified against pay ingthemto any other parish .

”

Ditto 1 777. Moun tjoy Harwood, and

several o ther inhab itants, dwel ling in the

b owling green house, near Red L ion- fields,

having been distrained on by St . Andrew’

s

parish it is ordered that ac tions on theirbehalves be forthwi th brough t against thec o l lec tors forhaving so distrained .

”

A subsequent entry shews that the spot

was then b eginning to be b ui l t onA .meeting is appo inted with the pa

rishioners Of St . AndrewHo lborn, ab out theb owl ing green in Gray

’s Inn-fields

,and

‘

the

houses near lhereabouts built .”

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190 ST . . GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

to"

profil e,

“

that?notnonly . such was the case,'but that the prebendalmansion of

Tottenhall itself wasinc luded'

aswi ll appearfromthe account of it' hereafter

given under the head Of D ISTINGUISHED BUIL D INGS.”

It was at the period

alluded to a place of'

pub lic entertainment .

lands and hereditaments thereun to b elong1ng, with the payment of a perpe tual yearlyrent charge to Dr. Richard Browne, and hissuccessors ; and for diverting the fee simp leand inheritance of the same premisesout o fhimand his successors and forvesting the

same in trustees, to the use of Charles Fitzroy

'

, esq . and Anne hiswife, and theirIssue,with such powers and authorit ies as thereinare mentioned — Private Ac t 8 Geo . III,

(580

TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS.

C H A P IV

ACCOUNT OF DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS, VIZ .

St. Giles’s Church ; decay ed State and D einolition of the Orig inal orH osp ital

Church, with Architectural D escrip tion of it ; Preparationsjbr building of the

Old or Second Church, including an Account of Contributorsto Consecration of ;D escrip tion of its Interior, Ornaments, éjyc . Vestry Minutes concerning, and

Particulars of its Painted G lassWindows Notices relative‘

to building of the

present Church, with a D escrip tion Qf it Churchy ard, an Account of; and ofInterments and M onuments, in the First aswell as in the,

Old,orSecond Church ;

Parsonage H ouse. B uildingsf orConfinement, Punishment, QC. viz . Pound and

Cage, Round H ouse,Watch H ouse, StocksandWhipp ing .Post, and Gallows.

Chap els, and P laces ofWorship , as Southamp ton, B loomsbury , Queen- street,

and B edf brd Chap els, and B loomsbury Church — Charitable Buildings, as

Almshouses,Workhouse and H osp ital, Pest H ouse and Free Schools.~ —Places

q musement, viz . Cockp it and Phoenix Theatres — Inns, and H ouses .Qf Entertainment, as, the Croche Hose, Swan- on-

‘

the-H op , White H art, Rose, Vine,

M aidenhead, Tottenhall, (Sec. and M ansions of N obility and Gentry , viz .

D udley , Southamp ton, Warwick, and Drury H ouses M ontague House,

Thanet, Brownlow, and Dy ot H ouses ;Weld House, N ewcastle H ouse, An

casterH ouse,Paulet, Conway , and otherH ouses, in Great Queen - street, écc .

THEearly h istory of St . GileS’S chUrch, has been given in the account Of

its hosp ital . This bu ild ing, whatever al terat ions or add it ionsmight afterwardsb emade to it , there is every reason to suppose was the same wh ich was demolished in the y ear 1623, and of wh ich a competent idea may be formed fromthe fol lowing extracts (

’l

1617. Four persons appointed'

by vestry to inspect the account of

Mr. Bigg, concerning the charges Of building the steep le and casting the bells,

as also the buy ing Of some new bells ; when\

19s. 5 d . due to himformoney expended thereon was

‘

ordered to be paid . And at the nex t vestry ,the upper churchwardenwas ordered to be assistant to the late churchwarden

in the hanging of the said be l ls in the newsteep le .

”

Vestryminutes of St. Giles’s parish .

191

ST . GIL’

ES ’S PAR I S H ;

Fromexist ing representations Of the original church here,2

) it seemsb efore the erect ion Of the newsteeple just spoken of, to have had merely a

smal l round bell tower, with a sort Of conical top at itswestern entrance . The

parish, however, nowb ecoming more populous, a larger andmore ornamentalsteeple was judged necessary , and was accordingly erected and furnished

with add it ional bells, so as tomake probab ly with the Old bells (wh ich were recast)a full peal The church itself was, notwithstanding, 1n too decayeda state to admit of repair; and accord ingly , fouryearsafterwards(viz . an . 1623

an order Of v estry was made for pulling down d ivers parts of the saidchurch , the same

'

bein’

g ruinous and decayed as also for the building and re

edify ing of the same .

’The preamb le of th is ordersets forth , that “whereas

upon d i l igent View taken by men of ski l l , the walls of the north and south

aisles, togetherwith themain roof of themiddle aisle and wal ls thereof, aswell

as all the p il lars in church and chancel , were found so rotten and decay ed as to

b e in manifest danger of fal l ing down . It was by general consent agreed

upon, that the said north and south aisles, togetherwith‘

the main roof Of the

midd le aisle, Should be whol ly pulled down and re- edifyed with all couve

n ient speed .

”

But upon a further inspection, a second vestry was called, when it clearlyappear1ng

That the parts Of the church b efore determined to b e pulled down and re

built, v iz . both the side aisles, and themay n wall over the archesranging through

church and chancel, unto the crown of the arch , and no further,” wou ld be ia

sufiicient , the general p illars, as wel l with in the chance l as with in the

church, being found to b e so decayed andmined in their very foundations, as

by the op inion of surveyors and workmen, no further build ing might‘

be raised

upon themwithout eminent danger to the wholeframe of the church — It

was OIdered, that all thep illars b oth in the church and chancel, shou ld be

whol ly taken down and raised up again of free stone, fromthe foundation to

the crown of the arches.

”

In pursuance of the above resolut ion, collec tors were appointed to

collect themoney wh ich shou ld b e assessed , and regulat ions agreed on for con

duct ing the repairs. But it b eing afterwards upon a stricter scrut iny , found

impract icab leSee the v iews Of it in the preceding hospi tal t imes had only one bell, which

account Of the hospi tal . Stowe says, was usual ly the number in hos(3

) It is probab le that the church, in the p ital and friary churches.

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.194 ST . G ILES’S PAR I SH ;

‘i

following July , directed his c lergy to move their several congregationslib eral ly to contribute al l in theirpower towards so good a work, and the

rather to do it with all possible e xpedit ion, for that the winter coming on, the

parishioners (to the number Of two thousand souls)would be utterly desti

tute and deprived of sp iritual comfort .”

The preamb le Of th is letter states,

That through the injury of t ime and weather, asalso forwant of due reparat ionsin ages past, there had a general wrack befallen the ant ient parish church of

St . G iles- in- the—Fields, where not only the roofe and walls of the said church ,

but also the arches and pillars throughout church and ch‘

ancell were, upon

v iewtaken bymen of skill, found to b e so ruinous and decayed, that ofmecessity the whole structure of the same was to be, and had b een pul led down and

demolished to the very foundation for the t e- edify ing whereof in part , the

parish ioners and inhab itants having strained their ab ilit ies b eyond example,did neverthelessfind that the whole work wouldmuch exceed their power to

finish , the charge of the whole b eing in est imate for the sumof

and he concludes(aftersome furtherd irect ions)with ordering that allmoniescollected should be entered in a vellumbook, to be provided by the parish of

St . Giles for that purpose, as a perpetual'memorial Of the benevolence Of

each ind ividual contributor.” This was accordingly done in a registerst ill

remaining, intitled,

L iber D omus DeiAng lice, or D oomes- day B oo/re.

”

Fromwh ich, as containing various curious particulars, as wel l relat ive to thisbusiness, as to the parish generally ,we shall make a fewextrac ts. The t it le

cont inues

Treasure deposited in Heaven, or the book Of God’s house, Of th ings

worthy to be .rememb ered in this parish of St . Gi les- in- the -Fie lds — and in the

first place— of the church now lately restored— some account touch ing the

same.

” 6

It

Doomsday Book, orDomBoc ’

, (the

Judic ial Book,)a name applied to the twoDoomsday Book, inquisitions of Al fred and VVilwp la'wfw" (f liamthe Conqueror. It is a

trifling derivation to impute this name to

DOMUs But,as if so c al led fromthe c hurc h

(Winchester cathedral) in which Al fred’

s

Survey was first reposited : nor is it anywiserconj ec ture to ascribe it to Doomsday ,or the final day of J udgement ; it only

meaning the Doombook orRegister fromwhence j udgement migh t be given in the

tenure of estates. The addit ion O f day , or

dey , to doom,making Doomsday Book, signifies no t any measure Of time, but j udgement ; and even now in the north, a deies

man, orday s-man , is an arb itrator, an um.

pire , orjudge .

”— Kennet .In the original L atin, as fo l lows

ThesauruscaelijReposi ts— Sive l iberDom“

Dei

TOPOGRAPHY OF- DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS.

It thengives an INSCRIPTION, commemorating the great liberality of ladyDudley towards the newchurch, and which,

'

after its rebuilding, was engravedon a MARBL E TABLET, and fixed against the North Gate of the Church-

yard,

as follows

Quod F(e lix Bonumque Sit Marb le tablet

Hoc TemplumLoco Veteris ex Annosa .

Vetustate

Collapsi, Mola et Splendore AuctumMulto Paroecorum

C HARITA S . IN STA URAVIT

InquibusPientissimae HeroinaaD . AL IC IA DUDDELEY

Munificientia GratvmMarmorisHujusMereturEloquium

Huic etiamaccessit benefica aliorumQuorundamPietas

Quibus Provisaa in Coslo Sunt Grates

After th is commencement , the record proceeds to state various part icularsas to themode adopted in collecting:the contributions, the names of the con

tributors, and the several sums subscribed, with the treasurer and wardens; oroverseers, appointed to overlook the progress of the build ing, &C. under the

fo l lowing heads

Money to rebu ild the present church , howcollec ted and applied, namely ,fromthe parish ioners and others, with the part iculars of the col lection madein the churches of th is diocese towards thiswor

Dei res memorata d ignas parochiamhancSfiiEgidijin campis, Et imprimis: Nupera

templ i hujus instaura co’

emtangentes (brev iter complec tus.)(7

)“With respec t to this stone, and

lady Dudley’s munificence in rebuilding

DuchersDudlethe c hurch, Dr. Boreman, in

y '

her f uneral sermon, before

quoted, has, among o thers, the fo l lowing t emarks: When the foresaid church wasfal len”

(the hospital church,) wi th the

fal l whereof that screen was demo l ished,”

(lady Dudley’

s screen j ust mentioned,)Godmoved the hearts of the parishioners

c c 9.

Namesto erec t a newchurch in the roomor p laceof the former, which was in a few yearseffec ted and finished, many hundreds of

good christians in other parishes contri buting to so good and glorious awork. She

most l iberal ly (for she had a magnificentlarge soul)gave to the advance and finishingof it, together with the wal l that eucompassed it, many hundreds of pounds ; of

which her magnificent boun ty , the‘

then

grateful parishioners erec ted a monument,which is placed over the great gate on the

north side of the church .

”

196 ST. GILES ’S PAR I S H ;

Names of those who, during the t ime of rebuild ing the present church and

the vestry - house, const ituted the vestry z— First , RogerManwayring, D . D ;

chap lain to themost serene prince Charles, king of Great Britain, a man of

prob ity _of manners and singular erudition, and treasurer for the moneycol lected .

”

Then follow the names of the other persons in office, with the several

departments they took in conduct ing the work one of whomwas sirWi l l iamSegar, knight, garter king at arms. A second treasurer was afterwards

appointed to assist Dr. Manwayring. And in addit ion to the vestry , there wasa committee formed, c onsist ing of the two late churchwardens, two overseers,and various gentlemen of respectability in the parish . The book proceeds to

give an index of namesof benefac torswho were at th is t ime parish ioners ofSt . Giles

’

s. (8) Among these are

*

sev eral persons of note, the part iculars of

whose contributions are added, and frequently with some little comment, viz .

MS‘ Book a,A

‘

second book isamongghx’

l

l

d ing old the parish records, containinga further l ist of the names and

residences of every inhab itant, with the

sums they were assessed at ; to which is prefixed th is notice, v iz . The inhab itants ofthe parrish of St . Gy les in the Fields, inthe countie o f Middx. beeinge at sundrie

.times warned and summoned both pub l iq uelie at d ivine service by the parson, and

particularlie at theirhowses by the church

,wardens and others of the parish , to as

semb le themselves forthe ratinge and asses

singe of themselves, and the rest of the saidinhab itants, towardes the reedifieinge and

b uildinge of therchurch , beeinge then fal lenin parte, and j udged necessarie to bewhol lypul led downe, the charge whereof was estimated by the view and survey of skilfull

workemen, to be likelie to amount to the

same of and upwards. Uppon the

Parishioners,

xxnj day o f September 1 623, and upon

sev eral l daies after, the said parishionersdid accordingliemeete and assemb le, and

did rate and assesse themselves and the restof the said inhab itants o f the said parrishtowardes raisinge of the same, as fol:loweth :

”

N. B.—

'

l'

hisassessment was unauthorizedby law. It wasmade and signed by manyof the then princ ipal inhab itants, and con

tains the name of every individual inhab i tant, aswel l householders and inmates, asservants ; with such sums affixed againsttheirnames, as in the opinion of those signing the assessment, they respec tively ought

to pay towards the newchurch . But the

payment or subscriptions were volun tary ,at least optional . Some in their subscript ions exceed the amount expec ted ; o thers

give not half the sumexpec ted for themto

pay , andmany give nothing.

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198 ST. GILES’S PAR I S H ;

Henry Martin, of money assigned for p ious uses, 40 IL ; the lady D’anvers,

20 1i. the lord’s grace of Canterbury (Geo. Abbot,) 10 It

"

; the duchess of

Richmond, her grace, 10 121 ; the right hon . the earl of Somersett (Rob . Car,)10 121 ; the hon . countesse of Somersett, the hon . earle of Bristowe,10 1i. ; the hon . earle of Bath, the hon. countesse of Bedford, 5 li. ;

sirPaul Banninge, knight ; the lord Chychester, barron of Belfas, 5 li. ; lord

D igby, barron of Gerly , and sirL ewes D ives, countesse dowager of

D evon, 5 112 ; fromthe soc iety of Graise Inn, 5 li. ; lady countesse dowager

ofWarwicke, sirJuliusCaesar,master of the rooles, 2 ll . 48 . sir Ran

dall Crewe, Q li. ; sirThomas Coventry , certaine namelesse persons of

the Flecte, 2 15. 9 s. 6 d . sirGeorge Croke, 1 li. ; Mr. Ducke of St . Mart in’s

field, 1 liu ; and Mr. George Etheridge (afterwards sirGeorge)of'

St . ClementDanes, I It.

”

The th ird class of donat ions, consists of gifts fromvarious parishes in thediocese of L ondon, there particularized, the amount of whose subscription

coll ect ively amounted to 19 s. l d . The aggregate receipts are cast upas follows: Received fromparish ioners the some of received

of strangers£4 55 . 10 s. Q d . ; received col lections fromparishes, 19 3. 1d . ;

borrowed uppon interest, s€. 900 ; rec eived by col lect ions at the church ,

£.4f4. 10 3. 9 d . ; received oute of the box there 1 1 s. 9 d . received for

ould materials, 1 1 s. 9 d . Sumtotal is 19 3. 6 d . and the

whole of the above sumwas, at a vestry held Novemb er 12 , 1633 (720710 Caroli,)acknowledged to have b een expended by the treasurer “ for and towards

the bui ld ing of the parish church of St . Giles- in- the-fields,”

exc lusively of

an additional advancemade by themof 5 1 . 143. 8 d . towards the finishingof the said church so that the whole expence of building the SECOND

CHURCH appears to have amounted to 7 s. Q d . The most singular

itemin this account is the produce fromthe sale of the old church materialsthe small amount of which must, at the present day espec ial ly , exc ite surprize,considering the great quant ity of art icles, wood, stone, iron, 850 . that there

must have b een in such a fabric . It is not improbab le, however, and the con

jec ture receives some support fromparticularswh ich wi l l b e hereafter stated,that only themost useless part of the material s of the old church were dis

posed of for the trifling sumstated , and that themost valuab le part of themwas retained towards building the second church .

TOPOGRAPHY OF; DISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS .

The'

newchurch b eing finished ; and a day appointed for'

its consecration,it

was agreed that the b ishop of London (W. Laud,)who was to performthat

c eremony , shoul d be entertained '

at the parish charge, at Mr. Speckart’s

h ouse, which nearly adjoined the church . To make the festival the moreimposing, a committee was selected fromthe princ ipal inhabitants, incl udingthe fo l lowing eminent persons, whose subscript ions are annexed to

’

their

names, v iz . The duchess of L enox, hergrace, 3 li. the hon. countesse of

Shrewsbury , 2 112 ; the hon . lord Morley , H i; the lady AliciaDudley ,fi ll ; the lady Coxe,

'1 sirWilliamSegar, knight, 1‘

ll . ; and sir John

Cotton, knight, I ll .”

The b ishop’s mandate for the - consecration 18 dated

January on wh ich day this ceremony took place, (and judgingfromthe preparat ions as part icul arized in the vestry orders,) with a con

siderab le degree of sp lendor. They d irect , among other things : 1 .

“ Two

tab les to be provided, suffic ient to receive at each tab le 16 persons, and four

lead ing gentlemen of the parish to provide a book, and make a b ill of fare;to be presented, with an est imate, to vestry . Q . A fence of deal boards to be

h ired formaking up the breach in the church wal l and the three constab les,with theirheadboroughs, to be appointed to bring with themevery one eight

substant ial wardens, with bills or halberds, to keep the church gates, walls

and fences. 3. A raile to bemade at the greate west door, to keep off t he

press of peop le. 4. The church to bemade very c leane. 5 . The communiontab le to b e very handsomely adorned with the best damask tab le c loth, the

greene velvet cushion, and all the plate and, 6. three Turkey’

carpets

‘with

It states the same historical partic ulars as the b ishop

’

s let ter to his c lergy ,given, in part, in a former page, v iz . the

foundat ion o f the old church by Matilda,its ruinous state, demol ition, and the building of a newchurch on its site announces

the approach ing consecration, St e .

The c ommunion plate o f all sorts,

in silver, and gil t, for that sacred use ; and

which is as large and rich as any in the

c ity orsuburbs, was also her (lady Dud

b ucbmDud ley’

s) gift .”

- Funeral sermon,ks. Ht’ ffimfl ml

p . 23.

“ And she also gave,among others, the following

church ornaments, v iz . for the back of the

199

al tar, a rich greene velvet clo th, with‘

three

let ters in go ld, I. H . S. embroidered on it.

Item,two service books in fol io, embossed

with go ld, a greene vel ve t c lo th, with a

riche deep gold fringe, to coverthe al taroverwith on Sundays. Item, 3. cambrick al tarc loth , with a deep bone lace round about.

Another fine damask al tar c loth, twoc ush ings (cushions) for the al tar, rich ly embro idered with gold ; a large Turkeycarpet, to be spread on the week day s

over it and l ikewise, very costly handsome rails to guard the al tar orLord

’

s tab lefromprofane uses. Ibid.

ST . GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

with cushions, to be prov ided for the body of the church, with desks uponstools, or litt le tab lesunder them and threematswith Turkey -work cush ionson themto kneel upon . And the churchwardens and sidesin

'

en to .take care,

when the church doors are opened, they be carried into the vestry . Mr.

Bethe] and Mr.Whitaker to assist the churchwardens in the invitation of the

lord b ishop .

Vestry M inutes— Transactions relative to the Second Church.

1627. (May Agreed at a vestry , That Robert Johnson should go on

with the pews in the chauncell, as he had before done in the body of the‘

church ; and that Mr. Tennant, who made the c lock, have the keep ing“

of it .

1629 . Ordered, That the one hundred pounds, borrowed of Mr. MatthewBateman, of Tottenhall - court , towards finish ing the church, be repaid

1637. Repairing some decay s in the church,”arementioned as necessary

thus early after its building.

(Same day .) Ordered, That the organist’

s salary , of a year, be

paid to himquarterly .

”

The ascendancy of puritanical princ iples, wh ich, about the t ime of the lastorder, b egan tomanifest itself in various parts of the kingdom, was soon dis

played in St . Giles’sparish and the first consequenceswere, asusual , an attempt

to despoi l the church of every decent ornament , under the idea of their beingsuperstitious.

“A pet ition and art icles,”

purport ing to b e the ac t of the parishioners, but In fact the representat ions of a party , in pursuance of th is object,were, in 1640 , accordingly exh ib ited to parl iament, against the then rector,

Dr. Heywood , In whose parish church,”it stated,

“ were set up crucifixes,

and d ivers images of saints ; and l ikewise organs, with other c onfused musicke, h indering devotion, wh ich weremaintained to the great and needlesse

charge of the parish .

” In one of these articles, int ituled, Dr. Heywood ’s

superstit ious and idolatrous manner of administration of the sacrament of

the L ord’

s Supper, in the parish church of St . Gy les aforesaid these

Pop ish rel iques,”

as they are termed, are enumerated, and appear to

have consisted principal ly of the gifts of lady Dudley , just ment ioned .

The beaut iful screen, given by her, seems to have become, at th is t ime,

particularly

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202 ST. GILES ’S PAR I S H ;

mark the temper of the t imes. The first items of charge that occur, are for

defac ing the organ- loft, and removing the fine painted glasswmdows

1643. To the painter, for wash ing the twelve apostlesthe organ

- loft

(Same). To the glaz ier, for taking down the painted glassethe chancell and church, and fitt ing up ne

L ady Dudley’s screen follows, respecting wh ich is the following memo

randamAlso wee the aud itors of this account , doe find that the accomptant,

Edward Gerrard was commanded, by ordinance of parliament , to take.

downe

the screene in the chancell, it b eing found superst it ious ; wh ich was accord

ingly done, and it so ld for fortye sh ill ings and that fort ic shil lings, with xx‘

that Mr. Corn ish gave, and three pounds tenn sh i llings given by the accomptant ,of their own propermoines, was given to the poore on Christmas ev e fo l lowing, l 644.

— Al lowed by the auditors. Signed, Hen” Cornish,Out of the receipts fromthe church goods (which so ld for 75. 1 d .)

were paid, The bricklayer formending the walls on both sides the chancel] ,where the screen stood and, For the covenant, and a frame to putt it in '

to hang upp in y°church also five sh ill ings To Thomas Howard , pewt erer,

for a newbason, cut square on one side, to baptize in, more than the old

bason came to .

”

And, Apri l 8, 1645 , It b eing agreed upon by the inhab itants (not the

vestry) on the choice of officers, that the b lewve l vet carpet, and tafiitie b lew

curtaines that did formerly hang in the,

chancel] , with the embroideredcush ions, and two embroidered books, should b e so ld to the best advantage,and themoney employed for the use and b enefit of the church and parish ,

”

they were sold accordingly ; and the fol lowing year an orderwasmade, thatThe railes that stood about the communion tab le be sold to majorWalter

B igg.

”

Possib ly , to atone to lady Dudley in some degree for the barefaced injusticeof selling hergifts to the church in hervery presence (for her house adjoined

the church ,) we find an entry of new fitt ing up her pewat the parish charge;

VIZ .

1647. P“. for lyning the honble( lady Dudlye

’s pew w greene base

’

8: o'. materials, 2 strawmatts workmansh ip, 2 s.

”

.Th e downfal l of royalty having succeeded that of the church —orderwas

given

TOPOGRAPHY OP— D ISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS .

given (anno For putt ing out‘

the king’s arms, probab ly those

painted in the body of the church ; and a payment is entered to the glaz ier,For taking down

'

the kinge’s arms and new glaz ing the window

wh ich it appears by a Subsequent entry was replaced by a sun- dial ; viz .

165 1 , Paid Mr. Sutton for a sunne dyal in the south windowovery°. south

church door And the organ, Whose confusedmusicke hindering devotion,had given the reformers somuch offence, having b een previously d isposed of,

it was ordered (an . 1654) That the organ loft be let as a seat .

The restorat ion of Charles II was welcomed by three days ringingname ly , on the vot ing the king in,

”

proc laiming him,” and comingto L ondon for wh ich the ringers were paid ten sh illings. Soon after an

entry of eight sh i l l ings occurs,“ for varnish ing the king

’s arms in the vestry .

”

And the next year (1661) sixteen shil l ings is paid toMr. Sutton, the glasse

painter, for new paint ing the window wherein is the king’

s arms, over the

great arch in the quire, wh ich was formerly the gift of s‘.Wil l iamSegar”

The following are entries ch iefly concerning repairs and add it ions to the

church, fromnear the above period downwards. A few of themrelate tothe providing of church goods

1657. Co l lected the sumof 58. 70 towards repairing the church .

1664. Ordered, that a petition be prepared to the b ishop of London, for

the erect ing of gal leries for the better accommodat ion of the nob i l ity and

gentry coming to church .

1670. The b ishop of London’

s seal to be ob tained for erect ing gal leries

in the church and care to be taken formending of the paving of the great

church gate and stepps, and the water tab lesabout the church, nowdefect ive.

A brasse branch to be provided for the church, containing sixteen cand le

sticks.

An houre glasse to be bought for the pulpitt, and an iron frame 'to be

made for the same to stand in.

Orders of vestry That the care of strengthening the steeple for erect ingthe turret, be left to the churchwardens ; and that the c lock bemade to strikeon a bel l therein to be hanged, and the dyalls painted ; also two deSke

c loths

repair. The window evidently was takendown and preserved only, which was the

case wi th the other stained windows in thechurch, aswil l be seen hereafte1 .

D D 2

Beautiful ly executed in stained glassin the south window, and given by sirWill iamSegar; as see be low.

This new p ainting simp ly means a

203

King’s armstaken downin church .

Put up again

and church

newbeautified at Resto

ration.

Repairs andimprov ements in old

church,reign

Charles II.

Steeple andturret.

Galleries.

ST. GILES ’S PAR ISH

c loths to be .bought, suitab le to the pulpitt c loth , and cushion of purple

vel vet .“ 1672 . The frames of the bellsb eing found very defect ive— ordered, that

contracts b e made with workmen for the repairing or newmaking thereof ;care al so to be taken that the ten et of the steeple b e fastened, if the sameshou ld b e found to requ ire it ; al so contracts to bemade with workmen forthe fix ing of such monuments as are taken down, and putt ing up such stones

for‘

demonstration of gifts given to the poore, as should b e though t fit t, and

whatever elsemight b e found necessary to b e done.

Gift byWi l l iamBainbridge, esq . of 300, towards building galleries

in the church .

1673 . The old ray le at the lowerend of the church , near the gallery stairs,to be removed, and the place to be paved with free- stone also a door-way to

b emade out of t he church porch , for the more convenient passage of the

gentry goeing to and fromthe gal leries ; and also the passage to b e paved .

1677. Various repairs, &c . to the church ordered to be done ; viz . the

south gal lery to b e taken down, and made un iform- with the north ; portals

to b e made at the three doors to keep out the wind ; the pews to bemadeun iform the windows to b e newglazed where needfu l,and c leaned ; the

frames of the oval windows in the north gal lery to bemade of stone ; and the

whole inside of the church to be wh ite -washed .

1685 . Convenient rai ls and ballisters to b e made to the stairs up to the

pulp it ; and a good clock to be provided , in case it shal l not b e thought fit

to amend the old one ; care to b e taken to get the tenor hell to b e newcast ;

and a newbranch for the church instead of the old one, now decayed, to b e

made and ordered at same vestry , That the churchwardens do provide a

si lverflaggon and cup, both for the service of the holy sacrament , both to b eguilt ; and the litt le cup and silverpatin to b e also gui lt also sarcenet forthe

two pal ls ; and two surplices for the use of the parish .

”

In the regulations for the disposal ofth e pews, about this t ime, a numbero f entriesoccur, inwh ich the names of distinguishedpersons are mentioned an evidence of the

increase of parish ioners o f rank and con

sequence ; as see under the head .

The fo l lowing entries of charge for

some of the above, occur among the dis

A committee

b ursements in the churchwardens ac countsPaid Mr. Fel ls for a new silver gil t

flaggon, a cup and c over,and forgilding

several o therpieces of plate, £60 . i 5s. 5 d .

1686 . Paid for a silver gil t ' flaggon

weigh ing 99 ounces, at 7 s. 6d . £37. 9 3. 6d .

”

1687 . Paid for two smal l chaly ces of

silvergil t, 7. i 5s. 6 d .

”

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ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

The accompany ing plate (wh ich is a correct view of the exterior of this

church) supersedes the necessity of a description of its general appearance.

The walls.

and tower were buil t of brick,'

surmounted by battlements copedwith stone,

~ and stone dressings. The arch itecture was of the mixed kind ;the p illars and arches of the interior composed of the modern Gothic and

Tuscan orders, the large windows an imitat ion of the Tuscan onl y . The

whole structure wasroofed with t imber, and had galleries on the north , west,and south sides, with neat fronts, wh ich (aswi ll be seen by the preceding

extracts)were not a part of the original design , but erected long subsequent

to the bui ld ing of the church ; v iz . the south gal lery , at the expence ofWilliamBainbridge, esq . in 1672,and the north gallery in 1677. The whole

church waswell pewed with oak. In the chancel was a handsome door case,with p ilastersand entab lature of the Corinth ian order and a very ornamentalpulpit, with enrichments of cherub ims, festoons, 850 . both of right Norwayoak ; the gift of the rector, Dr. Sharpe (afterwards archb ishop of York .)The wainscot ,

”says the author of the NewView of L ondon, I can say

l itt le of, nor is there any altar-

piece, here being on ly these two things defic ient,to render th is one of the neatest churches.

”

The great ornament , however, of the former church of St . Gi les, was itsfine stained g lasswindows, wh ich would have b een a real embellishment to,and it is to be lamented were not set up again, in the present church The

principal of theseWas the great east window. This consisted of fourgreat

l ights or compartments, fil led with h istorical subjects and figures fromHolyWrit, the size of life, with the tracery at top enriched with glories. Eachl ight being contributed by a diffe1ent donor, had his arms painted beneath .

The first, given by Mr. AbrahamSp eckart (who has been beforementioned,)was Abrahamoffering up Isaac, probab ly an allusion to his own name of

Abraham; the second, was Moseswith the tab les of the law, and was the

gift of Hamo Claxton, esq . the th ird, contributed by sirJohn Fenner, knight,wasDavid playing on the harp and the fourth and southmost division was

SolomonThese windows, it has been notic ed, Mr. Fl itcroft, by his contract for build ing

were fortunately not destroyed during the the present church (which fol lows) “was to

reign of fanat ic ism,though some o f them have all the glass of the old one, wh ich pro

were removed . The who le of those de bab ly inc luded these fine windows. It

scribed above, were remaining in 1 70 8, and would be desirab le to knowwhether theyaremen tioned in the NewViewof L ondon, are stil l in existence.

fromwh ich this account of themis copied .

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208 ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

venient to the gentry and'

others, who were ob liged to go down several stepsinto the church . That b eing bui lt long since, it was ill contrived, _and wasinconvenient for hear1ng, and in d ivers other respects ; and that these incon

v eniences could only be remedied by an ent ire new bu i lding, and wouldremain still the same though the church shou ld be repaired by the inhab itantsat the expence above ' ment ioned ; nor coul d it b e thought proper (as was

c onceived) to lay out so great a sumin repairing a church under such cir

cumstances.

”

As inducements to rebui ld it at the pub l ic expence, oras one of the 50 new

churches, it was urged That the church stood at the farthest end of that

part of the town , and fronted St . Giles’s_High - street , wh ich was the great

thoroughfare forall personswho travel led the Oxford or Hampstead roads ;

and a good church there, wou ld be as great an ornament, and asmuch ex

posed to view, as any church wh ich could be built in town .~That St . Giles

’

s

b eing one of the out -

parishes and very large, was so overburthened with

poor, that the expence of maintaining and re l ieving them, amounted communibas annis, to 38. at least, though their al lowance was very smal l inproport ion to other parishes, and the poor

’s rate was constant ly fifteen pence

in the pound, b esides sixpence to the scavenger, and the rates to the h igh

ways, windows and lamps.

”It was allowed, That there were several nob le

men and gentlemen in the parish ; but if the church was to b e repaired or

rebui l t at the parish charge, the rate for it must be laid on al l, by a pound

rate, according to the rents of the houses ; wh ich wou ld al so fall so heavy on

the trading andmeaner sort of people; that itmust very much impoverish , ifnot ruin many of the most industrious part of the parish , the number of

tradesmen and poor inhab itants, being above ten to one in proport ion to _the

nob il ity and gentry , as‘

was represented in 171 1 , by the then rector and

vestry , upon an exact survey given to the commissioners forthe newchurches,

in pursuance to an order fromthemgiven to that purpose ; and when the

parish should b e d ivided into three ormore, on bui lding new churches (one

of wh ichwas then build ing,)the inhab itants, who would in all probab i lity b e

left'

to the old church , would b e those that dwe lt nearest to it ; and they

almost wholly tradesmen or Others of less substance ; and then t he expence

of keep ing so old and crazy a church in repair and decent order, and in due

t ime of newbuilding it, (which it must want in some years,)being added to

the other taxes of the parish, would be an unsupportab le burthen to them,

especialy’

TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS.

espec ially when charged with the loss which would happen by the sinking Of

the rents Of the pews in the galleries, nowtaken and used by the nob ility and

gentry , whowould‘

then belong to otherparishes and churches.

”

It was further urged, That by making th is one of the 50 new churches,

the charge of purchasing a site for the church and church-

yard, and al so the

maintenance for theminister, would be saved to the pub l ic ; and if three or

more Of these churches were designed for the parish (as was presumed,) itwould be very difficu lt and even impossib le,without giving extravagant prices,to find proper sc iteswith in this parish formore than two new churches and

if sc ites could b e found, yet three churches in all were as many as were

wanted, there being then but one church, and two little chapels, and those

suffic ient.” And final ly , it was stated, That this parish was alreadyloaded with a heavy quota to the land taxes, wh ich ob l iged themevery secondor th ird year at farthest to make a res- assessment of sia'pence in the p ound,

above the common p ound rate intended by p arliament, although all the houses

were taxed to the utmost of theirrents and values, and no seite for a newchurch and church -

yard had, or cou ld be bought in th is parish, where therewas nowaste or void ground, without pu l l ing down a y ear in houses,

which would st i ll further sink the land - tax (aswell as all other taxes,) andraise the defic iencies and t e- assessments.By a vestry order, dated two years later (v iz . these REASONS were

directed to b e printed ; and were d istributed among the d ifferentmembers ofparl iament, and other personswho had interest with government . And in

theDecemberof the same year, it was agreed, That Dr. Bakerand Mr. Milnershou ld b e desired to prepare a pet it ion to parl iament, forappointing the churchof th is parish to be one Of the fif ty newchurches.

” A pet it ion b eing pre

pared accord ingly , was presented to the house Of commons, stat ing, Thatthe church was bui lt Of brick, and had become extreme ly ruinous, and that a

sumIt appears fromthe above

,and o ther

passages in this statement, that it wasat firstintended to divide St . Giles

’

s parish intothree parishes, and to erec t besides Bloomsb ury church (here said to be build ing,)oneor more new churches at the pub lic ex

pence. The effec t of thiswould have been,as truly observed, to have thrown the

burthen of repairing or re- edify ing the old

209

PrOposal to

make newchurch one

of the

fifty newchurches.

REASONSforbuildingnewchurch

ordered to be

printed.

church, on the diminished population o f

themo therparish, consisting chiefly of the

poorersort, and to have brough t on all theotherinconveniencesmentioned . But whether these objec tions or o ther causes operated

,this design was abandoned

, andB loomsb ury church on ly was built, - leavingthe parish undivided in effec t, as it stil lremains.

EE

ST. G ILES ’ S PAR I S H ;

sumo f 58. wou ld be required to put it‘ into repair ; that the ground

urrounding it wasmuch h igher than the pavement, 'wh ich rendered it constantly damp and unwholesome that the parish paid per annumpoors rates, and were therefore t hemselvesunab le to rebuild, 8m. concluding

with a prayer,5that StaGiles’smight b e rebuilt as one of the fif ty newchurches.

And a b i l l , founded upon it,wasp assed in the February Of t he following year,notwithstand ing a considerab le Opposition in t he house of which,after rec iting these variousreasons, concluded with enacting,

'

-That it shoul d

andmight be lawful forthe commissionersappointed in '

pursuan'

ce of two several

rec ited acts of "

parliament (9th and loth of Anne,) and they were thereby

empowered"

to cause the said church of ST . GILES IN THEFIELns to'

be rebuiltin such manner as they, or‘so

'

many of themaswere enipowered'

by said acts,

in theirdiscret ion should'

think .fit and to allot such sumand sums of money.

as should b e necessary for that purpose, and the same “

to'

be deemed and”

taken

ItwasStrenuously Supported by theduke‘

Of‘

Newcastle, the‘lord chancel lor, and

Proceedings in~0 ther then eminent parishion

p arliamm’mf’

j ers, who had seats in par

liament, to whomthe thanks of the parishwas vo ted, for the ex traordinary painsthey had taken in get ting

'

the above favour.”

.The archb ishop of York, and five b ishops,with eleven temporal peers, pro tested againstthe b il l on “

the grounds fol lowing, v iz .

-1 . Because it doth not appear to us fromany dec laration in ,

his maj esty’

s name, toeither house

'

Of parl iament, that his royalleave was given forbringing in said b ill, as it'

ough t .”

- 2 . Because this b il l, in our o pi

nioh,

-manifestly tends to defeat the ends

and purposes Of two ac ts of parl iament forb uild ing fifty new churches and yet at the

same time asserts,that the intention o f the

said ac ts would be hereby answered .

3.

“ Because this b il l further asserts, that

the parish of St . Giles is in no condition to

raise or pay the sumof and up

wards, for the repairs of its parish church,

wh ich we apprehend to be evident ly false, infac t ; _and, if true, to be no reason for t e

b uilding the said c hurc h out of the fund

given for bui lding fifty new c hurches.

”

“

to

4. Because this b il lmoreoverasserts,thatthe said church, when _rebui l t, and the

church wh ich is now bui lding in the saidparish, by virtue of the ac ts for buildingfifty newchurches, wi l l be sufficient for theinhab itants o f the said parish ; whereas, weare cred ib ly informed, and upon the b est

c alculat ion do bel ieve, that there are about

sou ls in the said parish, and do

think, that three new churches, together

with the“

present church, wil l be bare ly sufh

c ient for that number.” —5.

“Because, ifth is precedent of rebuilding old churches

out of ‘the fund appropriated for buildingnewones, should be fo l lowed, and the ends

of the aforesaid ac ts should b e thereby in

any greatmeasure defeated, we are apprehensiv e that many thousands of his majesty

’

s good subj ec ts, in and about these po

pulous c ities, wil l be left unprovided Of

c hurches,whereunto they may resort forthe

pub lic worship of God ; and wil l therebyremain destitute of the necessary means o fbeing instruc ted in the true christian rel i

gion, as it'

is nowprofessed in the churc h of

.England, and estab lished by the laws Of thisrealm.

”

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2 12 S T. G ILES ’

S PAR I S H ;

with the trustees for the considerat ionsthereinment ioned, at his own costsand charges, by or before the 3 l st Of August then next ensuing, to_pul l andtake down the east and west ends, and the steep le of the said church

, to the

bottomof the foundation thereof, and as lowas a foot belowthe plinth orwatertableon the north and south sidesthereof, or lower, asshall b e d irec ted ; and alsoat his Own like charges, in a substantiall and workmanlikemanner, to erect and

build on thegroundwhere the Said church then stood , one substantiall newchurchand steep le of brick and stone; in Such mannerand form, and of such

’

height,

width, length , th icknessof walls, &c . aswere expressed of and concerning same,in such draughts or p lans thereof, and the proposals thereof respect ively an

nexed, asalso themodel thereofmade and delivered by the said HenryFlitcrofiand that the said church and steeple respect ively should be erected and built ofand with such stone, brick, t imber and othermaterials, to be used and appl iedin suchmanner and with such workmansh ip , as wasmore part icul arly mentioned and expressed in and by such draugh ts, proposals and modelsas aforesaid And that he would in likemanner build cont iguous to the church

a good

These proposals,"

aswel l as the origimal agreement fromwhich the ab ove isMr. Flitcrrf t

’s quoted, are st i l l remaining

among the parish rec ords, (as isl ikewise themodel of the church i tsel f, in thevestry - room). The proposalscontain aminutespec ification Of all the variousdescriptions Ofwork to be done in the church, underthe se

veral headsofmasonry , both inside and wi thout ; brickwork ; carpenter

’

swork ; ceiling of

the church joy ner’

smork; p laisterer,p lumber,painter, smith, and glazier

’

sworks ; and alsothe particulars relative to building the

p astry room. It would be ted ious in th isp lace to give all the technical enumerationo f materials, workmanship, St c . c ontrac ted

to be used, but as matter o f c uriosity , asl igh t summary of the whole may amuse .

In the p l inth or base Of the bui ld ing, Portland stone only was to be used, and no

stones were to be less than 8 inch es inthickness ; the steps were to b e made o f

the best Purbeck stone ; the rustic base

men t, with the rustic doorways and quoinsabove them, the large rust ic windows, andtheVenetian window, with theirornaments,St e . were to be of so l id Portland stone, as

were also the steeple and be l l tower, excep tpart o f the inside o f themwh ich was to beof Bath orOxfordshire stone ; and were all

to b e answerab le in formto a card model of4 feet to the inch . The inside of the church

was general ly to be paved with Purbeckstone ; the 8 columns and 14 p ilaste1s, wereto b e of sol id Bath or Oxfordshire stone ;

themasonry of the o therparts of the insidewas to be sui tab le, and no old stoneswere

to be used . The brickwork was all to b edone with good hard burnt bricks, and goodmortar, and was to answer in goodnesswiththemasonry . In the carpenter

’

s work, the

b est maiden Engl ish oak was on ly to be

used , and y el low Christiana whole deals,where required, particularly in the roof and

ceil ing. Fifty pews in the gal lery , and one

h undred pews belowin the church, were tob e

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ST. G ILES’S PAR I S H ;

outside. Amodernwriter(1803)says, “The inside of St .Giles’s isvery chaste,

and the Contour isgrandand finely proport ioned . Six pedestals, on each side ofthe church, support fourpilasters and two p illarsof the Ionic order, with giltcapitals the archesfrom‘

wh ich (ornamented by bands) intersect those of the

nave and sideaisles, forfning one Of the best ceilings in London enriched with

elegant square pannels, enclosing c ircles, and centre flowers, And the

same ‘

writer, speakingOf thesteep le, says, The steeple is one of the hand

somest in London iIt shoul d be ob served, that since th iswaswritten thewhole interior has been re- decorated, in a sty le h igh ly tasteful and elegant .

CHURCH YARm— The church -

yard, there’

is . little doub t, was'

in ant ientt imes the place of interment Of the hosp ital , aswell as the parish, and occu

pied,in part, its present site ; but what was its prec ise extent then does not

appear The firstmention of it in the parish books occurs in 1628, when

it was agreed in vestry, That whereas formany years, t ill of late t ime, therewere standing upon the Church -

yard glebe certain cottages, to the number ofthree

‘

tenements, out of wh ich there did issue a yearly rent due'

unto the

parson, in the right of his rectory , to the value of six pounds ten shillings

yearly : And the said parson having agreed, upon entreaty made to him, thatthe said three cottages shou ld b e demolished, aswel l because they were an

annoyance to‘

the church -

yard, as an hindrance to the burial ground, of wh ichlatter the parish stood in great need ; said vestry should consider of a re

compence answerable to. such annual rent, as the said parson should lose bythe said tenements being removed .

” A second vestry , cal led soon afterwards,agreed therefore, That Dr. Manwayring, the rector, in considerat ion as

abovesaid (and also of a constant supp ly of preaching in the forenoons and

catech iz ing in the afternoonson Sundays,)shou ld be allowed 58. 84 perannum,

to be collected proport ionab ly‘

by a ty the book.

The old hosp ital wal l , much of which remained t ill the above period, and

inclosed the north side of the church -

yard , having fromage in part fallen,

and otherwise b ecome dangerous, orderwasmade in 1630, That the work

men should view the -

ruins of the church -

yard wal l, lately flzllen down, and

considerwhetherthe rest Of thewal lwas not likely to fall and they were to

makeMale . Lond . Rev . Vol . III. p . 49 1 .

It wil l be seen among the.

interments, that parishionerswere buried in the present

church -

yard, as'

early as the hospital times.

TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS.

make an est imate of the expence of taking it down, and new building a

brick wall round about the church -

yard, with the'

building in and inclosure of

the piece of‘

ground intended'

to be given by Mr. Speckart .” Some years,

however, appear to have elapsed before the newwall alluded towas finished,if wemay judge froman entry in 1639, wh ich directs

‘1‘ the pav ingagainstthe

‘

church wal l on the south side to b e newpaved,”

"

and wh ich probably took

place in consequence of this improvement being then comp leted .”

‘

Mr. Speckart’s ground had been previously taken into

‘

the church -yard,'

and

walled ; and h imself was al lowed the privi lege,‘

in return for his gift, of a

private entrance fromhis back premises that way to church, which acco

'mmOAdat ion had also been granted to lady Dud ley and two other

'

part icular bene»

factors b efore . That these entrances might‘

not thereaft er be n olaimed as

matterOf right ," an orderwas'made in vestry , in 1637, That the four private

doors Opening into'

the c hurch -

yard, one of which was“

that 'wlherein * ladyAlice Dud ley cometh into church, and another belonged tor

'Mr. Speckart',

should on the death or removal of either Of the part ies, ‘.be immediatelystopped A payment is ‘

afterwards entered in the churchwardensaccounts, for amending the lady Dudlie

’

sgate,” wh ich seems to have b een

kept in repair at the parish expence.

The great and rap id increase of the parish soon after the Rest‘

oration,“

ren

dering the sti l l further enlargement of the church -

yard amatter Of positive

necessity , a pet it ion was in 1664 ordered to be prepared and presented to'

.the

b ishop of London, pray ing for a commission tomake an assessment fortakingfromthe,

then’

tenant a parcel of ground bound ing upon the church, upon

the south , for a burial ground .

” And (1666) it was ordered, that the landlately inolosed as a Church -

yard, be purchased of SirRichard Stiddolph , if he

please and that 60 b e proffered .himfor the inheritance. But this Sambe ing refused, Dud ley Short, esq . and othermembers.

‘

Of the vestry ,wereappointed to treat for

'

tthe same and the sumOf 70 b eing final ly Offered

and accepted, the said Sir Richard Stiddolph , by deed dated January 24 and

1667, conveyed the same to the said D udley Short , &c . by the descript ionOf, al l that peece of ground, parcell of a certamgarden plott, as the samewas then f enced Off fromthe rest of the same garden p lott, and lying nextadjo ining the Church -

yard of the said parish”

(i. e. of St . Giles,) containingby est imat ion a quarter Of an acre or thereabouts, .

in trust to permitt thechurchwardens to use and employ the said premises as they should th ink fitt,

for

2 15

EnlargingofOld church

yard, gift ofground to

wards, &c .

Further

enlarged .

Ground

bought of

SirRichardStiddolph .

ST. G ILES’S PARISH ;

forthe sole benefit of the p oor, and not anyways for the benefit or advantage of

the parson or his successors.

”

The ground here conveyed forms that part of the church -

yard which isbounded by Compton- street in part , and Phoenix - street ; and wh ich had ori

ginally been part of the prec inct or inclosure for St . Giles’s hosp ital . —The

garden plot fromwhich it ismentioned to be separated, was afterwards let toa gardiner of the name of Brown, and was fromhimcalled Brown ’

s

Gardens.

” Some question respecting the right of disposal of this, and the

rest of the church -

yard , seems to have existed previously to the execution of

the above deed,wh ichmight have occasioned the part icular spec ification in the

trust, of its b eing to b e employed for the soleWt of the p oor. Th is appearsby a resolution of vestry (March Q4, That the ground of the churchand church -

yard (except the chancell ,) was to b e at the d isposal of the

churchwardens, for the open ing of graves and they were ordered to defend

their right in behalf of the parish .

”And by a subsequent reso lut ion

(May 80, it was ordered, That the appointment of grave -making(except in the chancell,) should be at the sole direct ion of the church

wardens.”

CHURCH - YARD GArEs.- Anno 1686, itwas direc ted, That a Viewb e taken

of the way by the church , in order for the more convenient stand ing of the

coaches of gent lemen coming to church .

”To effect wh ich , the next vestry

made an order, That a substant ial gate, out of the wal l of the church -

yard

near the round - house, should bemade, and also a door answerab le to it outof the church, at the foot of the stairs leading up to the north gallery .

”

The

The fol lowingaremiscel laneousentriesasto the church-

yard,of asubsequent date1669 . Paid Mr. Bay ley , the bricklayer,

for build ing the church -

yard wal l, &c .

f . 54.

“1 670 . The sex ton having petit ioned

that the ligh tsby himmade into the churchyard (fromhis additional building to his

dwel ling- house) b e al lowed to remain,during pleasure only , it was agreed to,

on condit ion that he do give as an acknowledgment to the rec torand c hurchwardens

y early , on the Tuesday seven’

nigh t after

Easter, two goodf at cap ons, ready dressed.

”

Ordered, that the doorway orpassage,late Mr. Speckart

’

s, be stopped up .

”

“1 68 1 . Agreed, at the request o f the

inhab itants of Cock and Pye Fie lds, thatthey , at the ir own charge, be al lowed tomake a door in the wal l out of Cock and

Pye Fields, to come that way to church, byor through an entry or passage there left .And that they , at their own cost, ei ther

grave l a causeway forpeople to pass that

way across the church -

y ard , or pay the

churchwardens two guineas towards doingthe same .

”

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2 18

IntermentsinOld church .

ST. GILES’S PARI S H ;

repaired and raised.

” Anno 1693. A penthouse was ordered to bemade overthe gate leading out of the church -

yard into Brown ’

s Gardens

Anno 1765 . The north wal l of the church -

yard was taken down . fromgateto gate, and in lieu thereof the present .dwarf wal l and iron pallisadoeswere

erected .

INTERMENT S .

In the SECON D Cuuac a, were monuments to thememory of the fo llowing personsJohn Byrch,Esquire, 1 58 1 .

Dame Catherine Cope 1646

FrancisWiddrington, esq . 1649JaneWhe tstone 1 653Elizabe th Cony ers 1 654Phil . Lord Stanhope 1 656

Christ . Dudley ,'

esq . 1660

Lady FrancesKniveton 1 663SusanWynne 1664Dame Frances Cotton 1667John Lord Bellasyse 1 670

Serj‘ (Tho’

)WiddringtonJohn Pearson, e t Ux .

Judi th Bay ley , 8t c .

‘

Pley del HaleMargaret Beaw

Tho‘ Cornwal lisSirRoger L

’EstrangeWil l iamThoroldFranc is BaconWil l iamStyddulfe, esq .

Thesemonumentsweremost ly of marb le ; and several of themof considerab le magni

Thiswas the gate nowleading to Comptonstreet, on the south side Of the church -

yard . The

gate on the opposite side,N.E. was beautified

1 704.— NewViewof London.

(33) In a MS. remaining in the hands of a

gentleman of the parish , intitled , Inscriptionstaken frommonumental stones in

in old church, St . Giles'

s church ; with the arms(MS- l be longing to each , as they stood in

theirrespectiv e places in and about the church

in 1 731 ; those of any v alue or note are pre

serv ed in a v ault orrepository under the church,

since it was rebuilt.” By Jos. Saunders,

-are ac

counts Oi the following additional monuments,

and which hav e not general ly appeared in any

printed authorities ; viz .

1 . Benjamin Bradburn, gent, 1676. V smal lb lackmarb lemonument in a cornerat the east

end of th e south aisle. English inscription. Arms.

2 . ArthurNewman, gent. and wife, &c . 1659 .

Amonument next the above. Arms.

3. The .hon. Mrs. Catherine Clifford,1 70 8.

Amarb le tab let upon ,one of the pil lars at th e

west end_of the south aisle. English inscription.

Arms.4. Nathaniel Brakenbury , arch itec t

,and wife,

Otherinterment:

tude

1 665 . A smal l b lack marb lemonument at theeast end of the north aisle. Latin inscription.

Arms.

5 . Lady Anne Bellasyse,wife of John lord Bellasyse, 1 662 . A b lack marb le slab under the

communion tab le. English inscription. Arms,coronet, & c .

6. DorothyWankford, 1690 . A wh itemarb leslab near the last. Inscription. Arms.

7 . Ralph Bucknal l, esq . andwife, 1 71 0 . A b lackmarb le slab in the middle aisle, a littlewest fromthe pulpit. Latin inscription . Arms.

8. Mr. John Herbert , aged 1 3 months ; died1 71 8. A b lack slab near the last.9 . Mrs. Elizabeth Downing, 1 713. A marb le

tab let on a pillaron the north side of themiddleaisle. Inscription. Arms.

1 0 . Judith Heneage, widow; died 1 709, aged

80 . A tab let opposite the last .1 1 . Dame Frances Anderton, 1 709—1 0 . A

b lackmarb le slab in themiddle aisle .

1 2 . Alicia,wife of Alex. Sheppard, LL .D . 1 631 .

A smal l b lackmarb lemonument'

at the east end

Of the north isle. Latin inscription . Arms.

1 3. Thomas Lewis, 1652 . A b lack marb lenear the last. English inscription.

14. James

TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUTLDINGS.

”

9 19

tude and elegance. The fol lowing description wil l afford a general idea of theirnatureand situation

BODY OF THE Cnuncn .

A greymarb le flat grave- stone nearthe pulpit, p lated withbrass,with armson a brassp late ; v iz . a chevronwavy betweenthree eagles display ed : the inscript ionmuch ob l iterated .

N . B . Thisstone, fromthe date on it,must have b een removedfromthe first church, where it probab ly , as here, formed partof the pavement . Engl ish inscription, verses.

A pretty smal l wh itemarb le -monument, on a south

almost fronting the pulpit , adorned with urns,leaves,

St e . English inscription, verses.

A smal lmonument '

fixed on one of the south pil larschurch, wi th the face of the monument fronting the 110aisle . N0 arms. Engl ish inscrip tion, verses.

A handsome b lack and whi te marb le monument, fixed inthe south wal l of the church Arms ; azure amaunch, or:ornaments, St e . Latin inscrip tion .

smal lmonument.

fixed in the south wal l towards thewess ; a chevron between three flower de lis

,impaledwit

a l ion rampant . Engl ish inscript ion .

14. JamesMorgan . A stone near the last .Inscription imperfect.15 . Mrs. Anne Mannyngham, 1675. A slab

at the west end of the north aisle.

1 6. Richard Sca1 th , 1 709 . A stone at the

west end of themiddle aisle. Inscription.

1 7. John Hawford, of Clements- inn, gent. &c .

1 71 2 . A neat polished whitemarb lemonumentupon a pi llarin the nort h aisle. Inscription . Arms.

1 8. Elizabeth Bacon, wife of Francis Bacon,of Gray

’s- inn, and sev eral of their children,

1663. Small whitemarb le tab let on one of the

south pil lars. Arms.

1 9 . PeterReggio, musician, Amonument on the left- hand pillar of the porch of the

south entrance. Long encomiastic Latin inscription .

2 0 . George Dormer, esq . 1 71 7. Amonumentunder th e north wal l .

2 1 LadyWort ley and her 2 daughters, 1683 4.

'

A smal l b lack marb le monument on the north

sideof the altar. English inscription.

2 2 . John Harley , 1 72 1 .

'

A stone in the south”

aisle. English inscription. Verses.

IQF F

Ditto .

1South aisle.

i

Ditto .

23. Thomas Hercules, gent. 1697. A smal l

wh itemarb le tablet in the south aisle-wal l .24. Edward lord Herbert of Chirbur’

y , 1648.

A plain stone before the altar rails on the south

side of the choir. Latin inscription. Arms.

25. John Herbert, esq . 1 707. A flat stone in

themiddle of the choir.

2 6. Maria, countess of Cov entry ,1 70 2 . A

flat sto'

ne on the south side of the al tar rails.Arms

,&c .

2 7. Anne,only daughterof dean Hay ley , rector,

172 1 . A handsome white v eined marb lemonument on the north side of the choir

,above sirTho.Widdrington'

s. Inscription . Arms.

2 8. Hester Barron, 1 717. A white marblemonument against a pillarof themiddle aisle.

29 . Rhoda Amcotts, 1659 . A smal l blackmonument nearthe altar.30 . Ursula Hutton, 1649 . A smal l whitemarblemonument behind the choirdoor- case.

31 .

"

DorothyWiddrington, 1649 . A monu'

ment on the south side of the choir. Latin inscription.

220

Margaret

Beaw.

ST. GILES’

S PAR I SH ;

An extraordinary spac iousmonument, nex t tomostlymarb le ; adorned with cartouches, cornish, pedimentmant ling, festoons, St e . On the pediment is a death

’

s head ,

having a laurel Chaplet, and theword Resurgamus,”between

two b oy s, supporting a large mantl ing, supposed to be let

down and cov erthewholemonument . Arms ; ruby a chevronv erry, on a canton pearl, a sinisterhand of the first, impaledwith topas, a l ion rampant d iamond, three crescents topas in

ch ief, two b irds rising d iam. Long Engl ish inscription:C . (

34

)

whitemarb lenting N.W.

gules,

on a b end c ot tized argent,

or, with a crescent fordifference . English

A smal l neatmarb lemonument in the south - east corner,

adorned with cherub , urn, 8m. and arms. Azure a l ion rampant or impaled proper, impaled with ermine on a fess

sable, three mul lets or. The crest a dexter head ho ldinga curtelax (or cut lass) proper. Long Latin inscrip tion.

motto, St e .

A v ery neat marb le monument by the north door- case .

Arms ; sab le,three goats springant argent, impaled wi th

gules on a chevron argent ; three mul le ts, sab le. Engl ishinscription .

aciousmonument near the above, adorned with a hal f

length uprigh t effigy , hold ing in the right hand a book, and

resting the left hand on a soul ]. Arms fourcoats,quarterly .

1 . Or, on a chief . sab le ; two griffins heads erased argent .

2 . Gules, two l ions passant, or. 3. Argen t, a chevron between three eagles d isp layed, sab le . 4. Or, a brass argent,with amul let fora d ifference ; also these sab le. A brassflory,

nscription . Verses.

South aisles

Ditto.

Ditto .

Di tto .

Thismonument isnowfixed at the entranceOf the north aisle of the present church , hav ingbeen preserv ed after the demolition of the old

'

church but all the ornamentsmentioned are gone,aswel l as the arms. The beautiful effigiesof lady

Kniv eton, in whitemarble, and the tablet and iascription abov e it, .

seemto be all that remains of

the original'monument . The other parts were

probably supplied upon setting it up where it nowstands.

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~

ST. GILES ’S PAR IS H ;

A b lack and wh itemarb le monument, with co lumns and

entab lature of the Ionic order, and arms. A chevron betweenJohn Lord three flowers de lis, with a crescent for a difference ; imBellasyse.

paled wi th three swords in p i le ; also there arms a fess be

tween three cross eroslets. Very long Engl ish inscr1ption

A neat b lue veined marb le monument on the south side ;arms eigh t c oats, quarterly ; 1 . sab le gutte de l

’

eau, on a

fess argent, three’

b lackb irds 2 . sab le, three bars gemellsThomas argent on a can ton

,or

,a crescent gules 3. a l ion rampant South

Cornwall is. gules 4. gules to crescents 4, 3, 2 , and 1 5. sab le, a cross Side.

flory , or; 6. argent, a chevron sab le b etween three b lackb irds,with a b orderengrailed gules, charged with en toir 1 1 besants,St e. Long Engl ish inscription (

36

CHURCH - YARD .

Having stated variousparticulars as to the church -

yard , and its enlargementat different periods, we shal l c lose our account of it by not icing a fewof the

more remarkab le funeral memorials, &c . wh ich were there. The remainderwill be found described in the various h istories of L ondon .

The oldest monument remaining in the church -

yard in 1708, was dated

anno 1611, and is thus described in the NewView of London. In the

cemetary orchurch -

yard, c lose to the wal l on the south side, and near the westend, th is inscription on a tombstone,

JOHANNES THORNTON, Ste . Inmemory of his deare wife .

This lady is described in the English lineswh ich followas having d ied in

ch i ldb irth . The husband was the builderof, and gave name to Thornton’s alley ,

wh ich was probab ly his estate . The fami ly was original ly fromYorksh ire, andfrom the following l ines round the margent of the stone,

”had b een

parish ioners as early as the hosp ital t imes

Ful l south th is stone fourfoot, doth lyeHis father, John, and grandsire, Henry ;

Thornton, o f Thornton in Yorkshire bred,Where l ives the fame of Thornton’

s being dead .

”

GEORGE

(35

) This monument is stil l remaining, as they wou ld take upmuch room,'

an‘

d are

and is on the outside o f the church , against all printed, (exc lusive ly of those fromthe

the east wal l of the chance l . MS .just mentioned) in the NewViewofWe forbearto insert the inscrip tions London, 1 70 8.

on thisand the o thermonuments described,

TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS.

GEORGE CHAPMAN , poet, anno 16 The inscription on thismonument, inantient roman characters, was as f ollows

GeorgiusChapman, poeta,MDCXX . Ignatius Jones, architec tas,B egins, ob honorembomaramliterarumfamilari

Sub . hoe_rnon . D . S. P. F. C .

”

So given in the plate of th is tomb in Smith ’s Antiquit ies of L ondon,

who has copied it fromone of the Histories of London, but certainly erroneous,if wemay be l ieve the MS. account ofmonuments, &c .

'

in theold church, just

quoted, wh ich contains a drawing .

of th is tomb , and a fac - simile of themut ilated inscription asit then (1731)remained, with the fol lowingremarks ; It is

said th is stonewas taken out of a vault on the south of the church , where it

nowstands above ground, against thewal l but it seemsimpossib le, the stonebeing fixed in a mannerto the wall of the church , and has stood so manyyears. There has been a fair inscript ion on th is stone, but it is so

“muchdefaced, that the letters (most of

'

them) are invisib le. See'

the next page.

‘

Here he, the writer, gives the fol lowing defaced inscription( l D O

Georgivs ChapmannvsPoeta ricvs Pbilosophvs

OvmSalv

OC MDCXXXIVH S1 E

Ignatius JonesArchitectvsBonarvm

P V C .

Fromthe above (the correctness of which there seems little reason to doubt)it wil l be seen that Smith ’

s print only givesa smal l part of the originalinscript ion ; and that the dates also differ. The monument (the writing on

wh ich is now totally defaced)resemb les a Roman altar; and fromits singularshape, and being awork of Inigo Jones (rather than the celebrity of the poet

whomit commemorates,) has occasioned various drawings and engravings

to b e made of it, and must excuse our say ing so much about it . In the

accompany ing plate we have copied it, inscript ion and all, fromthe MS.

al luded toRICHARD

The great resemb lance of this tomb mistaken forsuch but there seems no o ther

to a Roman al tar, has occasioned it to be reason forthis opinion than its form. It wasundoub tedly

223

George

Chapman,poet, 16

Pendrell

familyaccount of.

S T. GILES’

S PAR I SH ;

RICHARD PENDREL L , d ied 1671 . Thismonument stands a l ittle south - east

of the church, and has the following inscription on it

Here l iesRichard PendrellPreserverand conduc torto his sacred Maj esty king Charles the second, of Great Britain,

afterhis escape fromWorcesterfigh t, 1650 , who d ied Feb .

Ho ld passenger, here’

s shrouded 1n th is herseUnparallel

’

d Pendrell thro’

the universe !L ike when the eastern starfromHeav

’

n gave l ightTo three lost kings,— so he

,in such dark nigh t

To Britain ’

smonarch lost by adverse war,On earth appear

’d a second eastern star;

A pole, a stem, in herrebe ll ion’

smainA pilot to herroyal sovereign came :

Nowto triumph inH aven's e ternal sphereHe Is ad vanc

’

d forhisyust/ steerage here,WhilstAlb ion’

s chronic leswith match less fameEmbalmthe story o f great Pendrell

’

s name .

”

It should be observed, that the tomb of Pendrell nowseen ismodern ; thelate raising of the church -

yard having so farburied the original one, as to

render the erect ion of a newmonument to preserve the memory of th issingular character necessary . The b lack marb le slab of the old tomb, at

present, forms the base of the newone.

At the t ime of the king’s escape the Pendrells resided in Staffordsh ire, but

afterwards b ecame parish ioners of St . Giles’s. It is probab le that Richard

Pendrell might have fo l lowed the king up to town at his restorat ion, and then

settled in th is parish as b eing near the court . Certain it is that Pendrell ’sdescendants cont inued inhab itants here for years afterwards, as the nameofWilliamPendrell occurs in 1702 - 3, as overseer of the poor. The great

grand- daughter of Richard Pendrell is, orwas lately living, in the neighbouring

parish of Covent -

garden, and is said to have enjoyed a small pension, part ofthe one granted to her ancestor.

A stone in the church -

yard against the east end of the northaisle of the church

Near th is place ly es the body ofEleanorStewart, who dyedThe first day of May 1 725, aged 1 23 years, and above 5months.

She l ived in th is parish near60 years,and received 1 50 byA pension of 4s. aweek in the last 1 5 years of her l ife .

”

EARL

undoub ted ly the work of the c lassical ar of his design in erec ting it . An account

chitec t whose name it b ears,and who con of Chapmanmay be found in GRANGER,

secrating it to thememory of his friend, hit b ut the date of his death agrees withon that appropriate shape asmost expressive neitherof the preceding descrip tions.

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226

Mr.AbrahamSpeckart ,1630 .

Censure of

St . Giles’

s

church -

yard .

Its gift byDuchess

Dudley ,1 646

‘

ST.

’

GILES’S PAR I SH ;

Mr. .ABRAHAM SPECKART .-An inscription set up in the middl e of the

south wal l of the church -

yard,

In cujus, St e. Christ iana; Sepul turae, honorem,minis viet i olimeaameterijfines,novi hujus, 128

i

pedes longi, lati, donatione Abrahamus Speckart , arm.

8: Dorothea uxor ejus ampliarunt, anno dom. 1630 .

‘Pennant . (Account-of London, p . 157) speaks of a neglect formerly in

the conduct of th is church -

yard, wh ich has since b een remed ied. Hiswordsare strong.

I have in the church -

yard (St . Giles’s) observed with horror, a great

square pit withmany rows of coflins, p iled one upon the other ; all exposed

to sight and smell . Some of the p iles were incomplete, expect ing the

mortality of the night . I turned away d isgusted at the view, and scandal ized

at the want of pol ice, wh ich so little regards the health of the l iving as to

permit somany putrid corpses, tacked b etween some slight boards, d ispersingtheir dangerous efliuvia over the cap ital. Notwithstanding a compl iment paidtome in one of the pub lic papers, ofmy having occasioned the abolition of th is

horrib le pract ice, it st ill remains uncorrected in th is great parish . The reformought to have begun in the place just stigmat ized .

”

(39 )

Parsonage H ouse.

Th is building, wh ich was cal led theWhite House, and stood on the site of

the present Dudley - court, near the church , waswith the garden attached to

it, purchased by duchess Dudl ey in the year 1646 ; who gave it , says

Dr. Boreman in her funeral sermon, “

for a perpetual mansion for the incumbent afterthree l ives, whereof two are expired .

” And Mr. Cornish , themin ister,having the same year t aken proper legal steps

'

for securing the same, therewas ordered by a vestryminute to b e paid £29 . 15 s. wh ich he had disbursedfor sueing the pardon of al ienat ion, and c learing the t itle of the parsonage

house.

”

[It is thus noticed in the duchess’swi l l , Nov . Q, 1668 Whereas

I havemade a lease in trust to themost reverend father in GodWilliamlordarchb ishop of Canterb ury , 8CC. the right reverend father in God Matthew

lord b ishop ofEly ; ThomasTurner, D .D . and dean of Canterbury ; George

Johnson, of the Midd le Temple, L ondon, esq . Henry Carte, of St . Giles1n

(39

) In 1 80 5, a newburial ground having (except in particularcases)was discontinuedbeen ob tained and consecrated, the b urial in the church -

yard .

of the poor, as wel l as of other inhab itan ts,

TOPOGRAPHY OF—L- DISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS.

inlthe-Fields, upholsterer, and J ohn HeyivOod; smaster of arts a

messuage ort enement called theWhite House,with the appurtenances, ti1’

1 the

parish of St . Giles- in - the-Fields, . 850.to the use and benefit of xand . forza

dwelling- house of the parson of the said :church of St Giles,and hissuccessors,as hy

’

the said lease appeareth .

” And the“will goes onto.request ‘f herheirs

fromt ime to time tomake such lease , orany 0 ther~ c0nveyance'

of the inheritance of the said house, with

'

the appurtenances, as at any . time ithereaftershould be devised, advised or required, by the parson of the; said church

‘

Of

St . Giles for the t ime being, for the use and benefit of the parson of the zsaid

church and his successors, for ever ; and to such intents and . purposes asare

explained and declared in and by the said lease.

” And her intent andmeaningis dec lared to be, that the said house shou ld b e and remain as a dwellinghouse for the parson of the said church of StuGiles, and his successors for

ever, as a free gift fromher.

”

The pardo'

n of alienation above-ment ioned, is enumerated among the church

goods in 1690, by the descript ion of a pardon of al ienation under the great

seal of England, to the duchess Dud ley , of a house commonly called theWh ite House, nearSt . Giles’3 church, 1 Junij, anno 22

°

Car. primo ”

TheWh ite House must, soon after thisment ion of it, have b een taken

down for on the‘

16th March , 1722, a committee was appomted by the

vestry to treat with Dr. Baker, the rector, for the purchase of Dudley - court

(wh ich was built on the ground it had before occup ied) for a workhouse.

It was, there is l ittle doub t, aswell as Dudley House wh ich adjoined it, once

part of the antient hospital. The rector of St. Giles’s for the t ime being 1s

still entitled to receive the rents, 860 . of Dudley - court , where th is residencestood .

B uildingsjbr Confinement, Punishment, age.

Th is parish seems to have been amply provided in former timeswith placesfor the correct ion and pun ishment of vice, even fromits first to its ul teriorstages. Some of these do not stric t ly come under the denominat ion of

buildings,”but wi l l b e best not iced here. They consisted of the pound

and cage, round house, watch - house, stocks, whipp ing-

post and gal lows. The

ducking- stoo l (which we find no where mentioned)would havemade the listcomp lete.

POUND

T he lease above ' referred to was been unnecessary upon granting the leaseprobab l y granted between

'

1643 and 4646 . above-mentioned.

Pardon o f al ienation would have0 G 2

227

228 ST. GILES ’S PARI SH ;

POUND AND CAGE.—These original ly adjoined each other, and stood in the

middle of the High - street , fromwhence they were removed in the year 1656,to make

.

way for the almshouses wh ich were afterwards built . there. The

pound, it is probable, existed froma very early period, as a necessary appenf

dage to the parish ,while a village and ab ound ing in pasture lands, though it is

unnot iced in the parish books, t ill lord Southampton’

s grant of the ground on

wh ich it stood for the a lmshouses, where it is described as occupy ing a space'

Of 30 feet square, wh ich was to be the d imensions of the newpound thereindirected to be removed to the end of Tottenham- court - road

The cage appears to have been used as a prison, not merely of a temporaryk ind, and to judge fromthe following entries in the churchwarden ’

s accounts,

with no great lenity :

1641 . P". to a poorwoman that was brought to b ed in the cage 2 s. 0d .

Fora shroud for a poorwoman that dyed in the cage 2 s. 6d.

1648, (July To AnnWyatt in the cage, to relieve herand 1 s 6dbuy hera truss of straw

(July Paid fora shroud forAnnWyatt 2 s. 6d .

The death of this latter unfortunate creature three days after the relief

stated to have b een afforded her, leaves toomuch reason to fear that she diedof want . The cause of the former’s death is, to say the best of it, doub tful .

The exac t site of the pound was the broad space where St . Gi les High

street , Tottenham- court - road, and Oxford - street meet, where it stood t il l

with inmemory . A spot, the v ic inity of wh ich was so notorious for the low

ness and profligacy of its inhab itants, as to. have been formerly proverb ial ;as is evidenced by a coup let of an old song, written in the true sty le of that

regionAt Newgate steps Jack Chancewas found,

And bred up nearST . G i L Rs’

s PO UND .

”

It was finally removed about the year 1765 , since which great improvementhasb eenmade in the neighbourhood, particularly by the erection of the great

brewery

The charge of removmgand re- erec t

ing the pound and cage, inc luding some repairsdone to thealmshouseson th isoccasion,amounted to 163. 5d . asperentry

Paid for carpenter’

s work done to

the almshouses, and for the removing of thepound and c age, 1 l 6 s. 5d .

”In 1 690 ,

Mr. Tuckerwas ordered by vestry“to be

paid his b il l for pav ing work done at the

pound .

”The spo t appearspreviously to that

period to have been unpav ed . Ten years

later; a sec ond order occurs, that the

roads fromthe pound b e paved, fromthe

paving belonging to the c orner house, the

Crown, to the boundary posts.”

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Gallows.

ST. G ILES’S PARI SH ;

5Srocxs A'

NDWHIPPING-POS’I‘I— Ih ‘what part of the parish these . instrumentsof punishment stood does not appear, nor dowe

‘

knowthe exac t period of

their being first set up ; on ly two entries occur concerning themamong the

exist ing parish records.' The first

'

of'

these regards the erection of a new

wh ipping-

post ; the second, the paint ing of that and the stocks, and are as

follows :

1688 . Paid theWorkman’s b ill s for the wh ipping-

post $ 1 7 . 17. 6.

1703 . Paid Mr. Pollett'

forpaint in g the stocks,whippingpost and shed

58. 2 . O. 0 .

It is probab le, fromtheir having stood under a shed orcovering,“

that the

situat ion of the wh ipping-

post and stockswas somewhere in the broad part ofthe High - street , perhaps near

‘

the a lmshouses ; or they might have adjoined

the pound and cage. They were doub tless, as objects of terror, placed in as

pub lic a spot as possib le ; and most likely (as is st i l l the case in country

places) at the entrance of the parish or village either coming to, or goingfrom, L ondon .

On the gradual improvement of the parish by build ing, these offensivewere destroyed or taken away to less conspicuous stations, and

consequently no furtherment ionmade of them.

The GAL L ows.

'

- Somemention has been b eforemade in the account of thehosp ital , of the place of execut ion in th is parish, and the customof the

St . Giles’

s bowl . To th is itmay be added , that fromFox and other ant ientchroniclers, it appears t hat the

'

gallows were newmade previously to the

execution of lord Cobham, in the reign of Henry V. Fox ’

s words are

Upon which record and processe it was adjudged that hee (lord Cobham)should be taken as a traitor to the king and the realme ; that he should becarried to the Tower of London, and fromthence drawen through L ondon

untO‘

the newgallowsin St . Giles, without the Temp le Barre (bars of the OldTemp le) and there be hanged and burned hanging

expression of the newgallows, used here, does notmean that the

place of execution was new, but that there was a newgibbete rec ted on th is

Occasion ; agreeab ly to what Bale, a sti ll more antient writer, says in his

ac count of th is eventAnd upon the daye appoynted was he (sir Johan Oldcastle the lord

Cobham) broughte out of the Tower with his armes bounde b ehynde him,

havynge

Ac ts andmonuments, p . 59 1 .

TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS .

havynge a v erye cheereful countenance. Than was he layd upon an‘

hurdle,as though he had bene amost heynouse traytour to the crowne, and so drawneforth into Saynct Giles

’s Felde, where as they had set vp a nerve payre of

gallowes. Then was he hanged up there by themyddle in chesnes of yron,and so consumed alyv e in the fyre.

”

The last execut ion that took place here was that of Bab ington and hisaccomplices, in the reign of Elizabeth . But this seems to have been on

account of the conspirators having met to organiz e their plot in St . Giles’

s

Fields, and not in consequence of the common p lace of execut ion b eingthen here, it having b een removed several years before that event toTyburn — Seemore in the next chapter.

Chap elsand Places ofWorshipSOUTHAMPTON CHAPEL — The private chapel at tached to Southampton

House is the first add itional place of worship to the parish church , of wh ichthere is any account . It isment ioned in an entry in the churchwardens book .

1669— received of the r. honb le the countesse of Southton ,money given iiiher chapel at the holy communion, se.

The nex t wasmore properly a chapel of ease, and is so called .

BL OOMSBURY CHAPEL . 1684, Joseph Read’s meet ing- house in Blooms

bury , taken as a chap el of ease to the parish rent,

30 per annum.

This chapel was occupied upwards of twenty years, when it was by an

orderof vestry direc ted to be given up ; v iz . 1708, the chapel at Bloomsburyto be given up . Queen - street chapel, of which an account follows, was not

considered a chapel of ease.

g

QUEEN - STREET CHAPEL — Entries fromthe vestry minutes 1692 , the

gentry in L incoln’s- inn fields to be enquired of,wh ich of themwi l l take pews

in case a newchape l should be erected in the neighbourhood of L inco ln’

s- inn

fields.

”1704, subscript ions to b e so l ic ited for a new chapel .

”1706,

ordered

On the removal o f the gal lowsfromthe elms in Smithfield, about the y ear1413, they were erec ted at the north end of

the gardenwal l belonging to the hosp ital o fSt . Giles, where since the pound is situate,b etween the end of St . Giles

’

sHigh - stree t,

and Hog- lane, and opposite to the Crown

'

tavern.» Here they c ontinued unti l the

p lace of executionwas removed to Tyburn.

”

—Maitland.

(45

) Chapels of Ease, cal led cap ella,

were buil t wi thin the prec inc ts of a parish,for the benefit of one ormore famil ies

, whol i ved remo te fromthe parish c hurch, and

weremade subserv ient to the said motherchurch . Such a c hape l was often granted

in the court ormannour house of the pa

tron, as a privilege to h imsel f and family .f’

—Kennet.

231

Bloomsburychapel .

232 ST’

. GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

Ordered to advise about the new chapel in Queen- street, and - treat about the

purchase of the same.

”

The treaty here all uded to was afterwards broke ofi“, and the chapel ,according to Strype, got into private hands and became a subjec t of consider

ab le d ispute. Hiswords are, There is a chapel in Great Queen - street, latelyerected by themeans of oneWill iamBaguley (Baguley) pretend ing to be a

minister of the church of England ; wherein for some t ime he preached without licence orauthority , consecrated the holy sacrament , and administered thesame. Wherefore in th is chapel the b ishops of L ondon and Peterborough

caused two dec larat ions, Decemb erQQ, 1706, to be read .

”&c .

Furtherpart icularsof th is, and the chapels above, wi l l b e found hereafter.

BEDFORD CHAPEL — This chapel is a neatmodern structure, which was first

opened for d ivine worsh ip in the year 1771, and is situate on the west side of

Charlot te- street . It was erected by Mr. Samuel Meeke, bricklayer, on a p iece

of ground demised for the t ermof 101 years, fromLady - day , 1768, by the

late John duke of Bedford ; and is describ ed, togetherwith the site on wh ichit stands, as al l that p iece or parcel of ground, with a chapel thereon erected

and built, cal led Bedford Chapel, situate on the west side of a newstreet

call ed Charlotte - street, 850 . containing in front fromnorth to south, on Char

lotte- street, about 65 feet in depth on the north side fromCharlotte- street to

Dyot- street, ab out 97 feet in depth on the south side along the north side of

Phoenix - street to Dyot- street, about 85 feet ; and in breadth on the west

side, along Dyot - street , about 65 feet 6 inches. The covenants of the lease

specify , That the said chapel shal l not be put to any usewhatsoeverother than

a chapel to performD ivine service in, accord ing to the rites and ceremoniesof the church of England ; That no c lergyman offic iat ing therein shall prayby any sick person, ormarry or Christen, or church any woman orwomen , or

do any paroch ial duty in the said chapel except preach ing, reading prayers

and psalms in the common prayer- book, and administering the sacrament ;

nor shal l permit the said chapel, or any part of the said demised ground, tob e consecrated . The salary of the c lergyman offic iat ing was by the covenants

of the same lease fixed at 58. 100 per annum; or if two ministers should

performthe duty , the one offic iating in the morning was to b e allowed 60

a-

year, and the’

other doing the afternoon’

s duty , 59 . 40 a-

year. Th is chape l

iswel l attended by the respectable part of the neighbourhood, and the service

performed withmuch decency and decorum. The reverend Dr. John Trusler

was its first c lergyman, and a party in the lease above-ment ioned .

BL OOMSBURY

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‘

234

Pest House.

ST. G ILES’S PAR I SH ;

square ; the area and west side, formthe yard . The hosp ital (so called in

the parochial records) is on the north side of Vinegar-

yard , and is to be

understood Of the sick ward, or infirmary here, and not as any portion of the

ant ient hosp ital of St . Giles.

PEST HOUSE.—A struc ture denominated the Pest House,was erected in some

part Of the parish during the great p lague Of 1665 , wh ich was afterwards

pul led down, and thematerials sold . Fromthe smal l sumthey produced it

was probab ly on ly a temporary bu ilding, and might have b een Of t imber.

A simi lar erec t ion was fit ted up during the infec t ion of 1640 .

CHARITY ScHOOL s.— The parish has two of these buildings; the one situate

next to the church, but wh ich formerly stood in Parker’s- lane, and thence

cal led Parker’s- lane School ; and the other in Museum- street, wh ich is pro

perly the parish school . Furtheraccounts of these, and of the other charitab le

estab lishmentsment ioned above, will b e found under the head POOR .

”

Places of Amusement.COCKPIT AND PH (ENIX.

- Tl l e c elebrated Cockpit Theatre was one of the

remarkab le ant ient build ings in th is parish , and is frequent lyment ioned fromthe year 1623 to 1660 . It stood near themiddle of Drury - lane, on the site

Of a smal l court , lately cal led Cockp it - alley .

”

The prec ise date of the erect ion of th is theatre is uncertain ; but it is on

record that it was destroyed by themob in 1617 (forwhat Offence we know

not ,) and all the dresses torn to p ieces It was again bui l t , and in a

flourish ing state in 1693, as that year the company act ing there l iberal ly

gave £. QO towards rebuilding the church , as we have shewn . This sum,(which seems to have been the gift of the p erfbmners.) not exempt ing the

theatre itself frombeing assessed .We subsequently meet with an entry in the

assessment book Of the sumof 58. 8 .

- 14s. 5 d . received fromthe house, but'

wh ich is there termed the PmENIx, v iz . the Phamia' playhouse,v iij

“.

‘

xiiij’

. vd. rece

" by Mr. Speckart ; and th is contribut ion being probab lythought too smal l , the house is immed iately afterwards credited . (in the hand

writ ing of Dr. Maynwaring) for the further sum‘

Of £1 1 0 . 7 5. in termswh ichseemto leave no doub t as to the Cockpit and Phoenix b eing one and the

same theatre v iz . Rec’ more, by Dr. Mayn fromy e Coclq h

'

tt x " .

the

16 1 7, March 4. The playhouse p iec es.— Note in Davis’s edi t. Of Downes

’

s

lately erec ted in D rury- lane, was pul led Rosc ius Ang l icanas.

down by themob, and all the apparel torn t o The P/za’m'

x is mentioned in Randolph

’

s

TOPOGRAPHY OF— DISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS .

the receipt of wh ich sumis afterwards more regularly acknowledged as

follows

Receav ed fromMr. Biston, as fromy° Cockpitt, for and

towards y‘. bui ld ing of y

°

church , ye

sfii of termpounds 7 s.

8c seav en sh i l l ings

SO that the company and theatre contributed together on this occasion no less’

a sumthan 39 . l s. 5 d .

The following are such further h istorical part iculars of th is theatre, aswehave been ab le to collect .

The Cockp it was one Of the six theatres licenced by government in the

reign of Charles I, and cont inued acting, with the others, until suppressed

by ordinance of parl iament In 1648 . It seems, however, before that event, tohave been part ly d isused as a p layhouse, and to have been converted into aschoolhouse for the education of the parish ch i ldren, fromthe fo l lowing entryin the churchwardens accoun ts

1646. P“. and given to the teacher at the Cockpitt of the children, 6d .

In 1658, sirWill iamD ’Av enant, who had then recently removed from

Rut land House, Charter- house square (where he had b een permitted to p layoperas by the then ru l ing powers,) Opened the Cockp it theatre with an enter

tainment , ent it led The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru ;’

expressed , as

the advert isement sets forth, by vocal and instrumental musicke, and by‘

art of perspect ive in scenes ; represented dai ly at the Cockp it in Drurv - lane,1658 .

The fo l lowing year, Rhodes, a booksel ler and theatricalmanager, who had'

b eenwardrobe keeperto king Charles I’

s company of comed ians in the B lackFriars, got a licence to fit up, for act ing, the house cal led the Cockp it, in

Drury lane,’ where he first introduced to pub l ic not ice his two apprent ices,

Kynaston and Betterton, afterwards so high ly c elebrated asac tors. SirWi l l iamD

’

Av enant soon afterwards Ob tained a patent fromCharles II, creat ingRhodes

’s company theduke of York’

s serv’

ants,

‘

and engaged themfor,his

newbui lt p layhouse near Clare -market . Killigrew had l ikewise, in 1663, a

second patent for erec t ing a newtheatre on the site Of the Cockpit,”then

deserted by D’Avenant

,or elsewhere in the neighbourhood, asmight bemost

convenientdo lph

’

sMuses Looking Glasse, 1630 , where o ther l icenced theatres, but omits the Cookone of t he sanc tified preac hers o f the day is pit , which he evidently therefore meansmade‘

to wish that the Phaznixwas burnt under the denomination of the Phoenix .

to ashes.

”He puns also on all the five

H H 2

235

Supposed tohav e been

used in 1 647as a schoolTOOK] .

Kynastonand Better

ton.

236 ST. GILES'S PARISH ;

convenient who chose the spofiwhere the present Drury - lane theatre stands,

where he erected the first playhouse on that site, wh ich soon became con ».

Spicuous for the superior excellence of . its company , andwhich first brought

b efore the, pub l ic, as a performer, the well- known Nell Gwyn . : At what

period after th is remov al , ,the Cockpit was demo lished, does not appear ; it

was, however, probab ly pu l led down on the bu ilding OfWeld - street, wh ich ,

happened near the t ime, when its site was converted into the passage cal led

Cockp it - al ley .

The fol lowing are other entrieswh ich occurin the parish books, relat ive to

the Cockp it theatre

1650. P‘. Edw‘Greene for keeping of a childe found on

the backside of the Cockpitt, fromthe first of Jani‘y to oure 58. 1

L ady- day , 165 1

Th is back part of the Cockp it was then a common field or c lose. The next

entry concerns the payment of fines, exac ted after the shutting up of the

playhouses, frompersons acting, or being found as spec tators there

1659 . Rec‘l Of Isack Smith, wh ich he received at the

Cockpitt playe - house, of sev’all Offenders, by order of the £ 3 8 6

just icesPaid and spent about seekingmoney of Mr.Wadlowe,

the parish , in relat ion to the Cockpitt p layhouse

The last notices respecting the Cockp it , in the parish books, acquaint uswith the curious fact of th is theatre being subject to the payment Of a fine Of

two-

pence a day to the parish poor, for each day there was act ing there.

1660 . Rec’fromMr. Roades, Off the Cockpitt playehouse,

forplay ing, att the rateof 2 d . a day forevery day the’

play’d ,

3

t ill the 28th Of July 1660 , and fromthat t ime it was pd” 5“ 6

(i l legib le)Paid in expences in receivingWestminsterand Co

1 3moneyOf the formof the Cockpit theatre we havemet with nomemorial ; but

there is every reason to suppose that it resemb led the Globe and other playhouses of that period, of wh ich there are various representations. Its enter

tainments are described , about the year 1649 , as being of an inferior kind, andits audiences of a lower degree than some Of the othertheatres, itsrivals.

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Rose inn.

ST . G ILES ’S PAR ISH ;

ismarked by a c luster-

Of bui ld ings standing at the corner of Holborn and

Drury - lane, surrounded on three - sides by awall . Attached to themispastureland, which might be the eighteenacres described ; be ing b ounded on the

west by Drury - lane, on the east by the way now cal led L ittle Queen - street;

and on the Iiorth by Holborn ; fromwhich last it appears fenced by an

embankment .

'

The court calledWhite Hart -

yard, where theWhite Hart Inn

stood, has been but recently demolishedThe Rosa — Th is, and the messuage next mentioned, the Vine, were

other inns orhouses of entertainment , enumerated amongst the hosp ital possessions in the exchange with Henry VIII, and are described to have thenstood in the “ village Of St . Gy les.

” The Rose is granted, but without name;11]

the ac t 47 Geo . III, C . 38, after

al ledging that there were within the limitsWhite Hm Of that ac t (viz . within the pa

YGT‘L rishcsof St . Giles and St. George

B loomsb ury ,) certain courts, al leys, and

places, which ,without inconvenience to the

pub l ic , migh t b e disused and stopped

up ; and which fromth eir private and con

fined situation, and by b eing harbours orrec eptacles forfil th and rubb ish,were noisomeand Offensive ; two j ustic es in spec ial sessions (with the consent Of the joint vestriesof those parishes, and Of the owners and

oc cupiers Of the tenements adjoining to

four parts in five in length of such c ourts,

81C.) are authorized by order under theirhands, to d iscont inue and stop up all such

courts, 8t c .

At the time of passing the above ac t, the '

west end Of Holborn, and north end of

Drury- lane, were very narrow and inconve

n ient, andWh ite Hart inn or yard, had

long b een converted into a pub lic thoroughfare, running paral le l with Holborn, and

was crowded with smal l tenements oc cupiedin general by very poorpeople . The site of

the inn, and the front of the south side of

Holborn, down to the second house westof Smart ’s buildings, b elonged to the Crown,whose leaseswere then j ust expiring.

On the 31 81: of December, 1 80 7, in con

sequence of a previous understanding be

tween the j oint vestry and the Crown,

app l ication was mad e to the vestry byMessrs.WIlliamand Edward C leaver, al

ledging that they had agreed to take for a

long termof y ears, the who le o f the houses

and buildings inWh ite Hart yard , and on

the south side of Ho lborn, fromthe corner

o f Drury- lane to the house occ upied by

George Co ffee, (two houses west fromSmart’s build ings,)wi th the view o f givingup to the pub lic part Of the ground whereonthe same stood, so as to widen the west end .

of Ho lborn 1 5 fee t, and to run Off at a

point at Coffee’

s house ; and so as to widenthe north end o f Drury

- lane seven feet,upon condi tion of the vestry

'

s giving its.

consen t, and procuring the thoroughfare ofWh ite Hart yard to be stopped up and dis

continued, and upon be ing permit ted to

build upon the site thereof .To th is proposal the v estry readi ly agreed ;

the c onsent of the Crown, and o therparties

interested, was also Ob tained,and the tho

roughfare was stopped up accordingly , and

the si te covered wi th large and commodioushouses, wh ich are set back according to

Messrs. C leaver’s proposal . Thus, was ac

comp l ished wi thout expence, one Of the

greatest improvements in the publ ic ao

commodation, and in the respec tabi lity of

the neighbourhood, that has taken place inthese parishes for the last century .

TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS .

in a deed of the t ime of Edward III, by the description Of a certain tene

ment situate in poch sciEgidij but is identified by a note, in a laterhand,in the margin of the book of grants, as follows Cart . Thoma: Brapton deten

’ vocat le Rose, xiij’

. iiij Neitherof these documentsmention itssituat ionbut th iswe learn by a deed of bargain and sale, dated 1667, wherein EdwardTooke conveys to L uke Mil ler, al l those two - tenements, with the yards,

gardens, or backsides thereto belonging, situate in L ewknor’s- lane in the

parish of St . Gi les, which said two tenements doe abutt on . the tenement formerly known by the sign of the Rose, late in the tenure ofWalterFromthis description , we may fix the situation of the Rose .Inn on the

south'

side of Holborn, not far eastward fromtheWhite Hart . It is onlyoncement ioned afterwards, in a lease . fromthe same L uke Mil ler in 1675 .

It had some pasture land adjoining, wh ichwith the ‘

site of the house itself, is

nowcovered with dwe l l ings.

The VINE.— The Vine was, t ill September 1816, a house Of pub lic aecom

modation . It stood on the north side of Ho lborn, a l ittle belowthe end of

(Kingsgate- street . It is on ly described as a messuage or tenement calledtheVyne and was original ly a comp lete road - side house, having nothing at

its back but fieldsand country . In some of the entries in the parish booksit is

cal led the Kingsgate Tavern,”fromthe c ircumstance, probab ly , of itsstanding

near the king’

s gate, or turnpike, at the entrance of the adjoining road . In

1 817 th is house was taken down, and two otherswere erected on its site.

TOTEN, or TOTTEN HAL L — Totten Hal l , or as it is somet imes written,Toth amHal l ,

”and fromwhich Tottenham- court - road took its name,— was

once, in all probab i l ity (as not iced under the head BOUNDARIES”

) antientlyinc luded in th is parish , as wel l as a considerab le part of the prebend Of

Totten Hal l .

It isment ioned , or at least its then supposed owner,Wi l l iamde Tottenhall,as early as the reign of Henry III, at wh ich t ime it seems to have been a

mansion Of eminence, probab ly the court - house of the manor of the samename. Its appropriat ion as an inn , or house Of entertainment, took placemany ages later, it not being not iced in that character in the parish books t ill‘1645 , when the fo l lowing entry Of a fine for drinking there, occurs

“ 1 645 . Rec"of Mr. Br

'

inghurst, constab le, whCh he had of Mrs.

-Stacye’smaid and others, fordrinking at Tottenhall court on the

Sabbath daie, xij"a p iece

The Vine.

Tottenhall.

£240

Maidenhead .

ST . GILES’S

'

PAR I SH ;

At this period, and fromthence to the Restoration, if a

'

judgmentmay beformed fromentries

‘

Of simi lar fines, it wasa place ofmuch resort on Sundaysfor drinking, but we do not find any otherpart iculars of it .

Part of th is ant ient mansion is stil l occup ied as a pub lic - house, . calledThe Adamand Ev e.

The MAIDENHEAD INN.— An inn of this name existed on the , same spot

(Dy ot- street) at least as early as thereign ofElizabeth ,when it formed part ofthe estate of lord Mountjoy , aswi l l be seen in the

’

account of St. Giles’

smanor.

It is describ ed in a deed of that t ime as one large tenement called the Maiden

head, sithence d ivided into two tenements and 'if not then, wasafterwards

formany years, the house at wh ichmost Of the parishmeet ingswere held .

It . seemsmost to have flourished in the reign Of Charles II;When the parish

books frequently notice those meetings. At the commencement of the lastcentury , it had become distinguished, as we are informed , in a contemporarypub l ication,

“as a house of great resort formealmen, and countrymen.

”

At what period afterwards, it lost its respectab i l ity , doesnot appear ; but it hasfor considerab ly more than half a century b een well known as a pub lic - house

and liquor- shop Of the,v ery lowest descript ion, and the haunt Of b eggars, and

desperate characters. The Maidenhead, though now in a rap id state of

decay, bears evidentmarks of having been once a large handsome building, andcountry carts, Sac . st i l l cont inue to put up in the yard and stab les at the back

part of it, and remind one, notwithstand ing the revol t ing filth and wretchednessof the p lace, of its b etter days. We have given two views .Of th is house, inthe annexed plate, as l ikewise one of the ant ient part of Tottenhall, subjec tswhich t imemay hereafterrender curious.TURNSTILETAVERN.

- Thl8 was a tavern of considerab le celebrity formanyyears, but as well as the others wh ich follow, was not Of equal antiqui tywith those we have described . It was situate at the comer Of the .turnst ileor footpath leading into L incoln

’

s-inn fields, and thence called TurnstileTavern,

Anthony Bay ley , a parish ioner, by will dated 1640, gave an annuity of

to the poor of St . Giles’s, issuing fromthis and an adjoining house,

therein described as hismessuages or tenements situate at ornearTurnstilein Holborn,

” which was to be paid to the churchwardens at Christmas 'and

Midsummer, and which annuity is now appropriated towards the better

support

NewView, 170 8.

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TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS.

support Of the almswomen. The premIses (wh ich are the same called Turnstile“

Tavern ,) are nowoccupied by Mr. Smith , l inen draper.It seems, by the following entry , to have ceased being a tavern before

1693

Received at the house jb rmerly the Turnstile tavern, £ 3. 35.

c learrent, taxes al lowedThe COCK AND PYE.

—The Cock and Pie pub lic - house stood, according totradit ion, at the south -west corner Of the Marshland, now the junct ionof

L ittle St . Andrew- street,West -Street, and Castle- street ; and afterwards gavethe name of Cock-and -PieFields to the spot Since called the Seven D ials.

The original Sign Of th is house seems to have b een the Cock on ly , to wh ich,wemay suppose, was afterwards added the Pye, or Magp ie. It is not iced in

the surveymade during the Interregnum, beforement ioned in the account ofElmClose, ac. as, all that tenement called by the name of the Cooke, beingthe north -west cornerhouse of the west range of build ings, in the Occupat ionof PeterHow, worth per annum6 l.

”

On the erect ion of the Seven D ials, the house being deprived of its formerrural attract ions, appears to have sunk into obscurity , as no

'mentionOf it

afterwards occurs. Its site is nowoccup ied by the Two Angels and Crown,arespec tab lemodern pub l ic - house.

— See furtherunder the head Of Cock- and

Pie Fields.

The CROWNJ There were two taverns or public - houses of this Sign for

merly in the parish — one at the corner Of Hog- lane, fac ing the Pound ; and

the other situat e in Greyhound - court, nearly on the site of the present work

house. The first appears to have been originally called the Crooked Bi llet , orto have adjoined a house so cal led, judging fromsituat ion, as expressed in

'

the

following entry

1668; Paid for the ditch at the Town’s- end, by the Crooked Bi l let .

Th iswas the ditch at the north -west corner of the Marsh land, afterwards

Cal led Cock - and -Pye D itch , wh ich then probab ly extended along part of

Hog- lane.

In 1700, it is ordered by vestry ,“

.That the roads by the Pound be paved,fromthe paving b e longing to the cornerhouse, the Crown, to the boundary

posts.

”The Crown pub l ic - house sti l l ex istson th is spot .

The second Crown pub l ic - house is described In the demise of ground and

premises for building a newwing to the workhouse as, all that

I i messuage

Q41‘

Cock andPye.

The Crown.

242

The Bowl .

ST. GILES’S PARI S H

‘

;

messuage or tenement, with the appurtenances, 8m. - then or theretofore commonly called or known by the name"

or Sign of the Crown ,

'

frontingnorthwards upon the street cal led the Old Town, and southwards upon Grey

hound court, and then or then late b eing In the tenure of Rob ert Dards

(formerly of Thomas,Mason,)to .whomit wasdemised by Dudley Short, esq .

This'

liouSe, with a number of adjacent bui ld ings, was purchased and demolished to make addit ions to the workhouse . It . ga

'

v e .name . to Crown - court,

wh ich f ormerly stood on th is spot53

The BOWL — The name of th is pub lic -house is st i l l commemorated by Bowlyard, on the site of wh ich it stood . It is described in a deed dated 1654, as,

a messuage or tenement, with the appurtenances, call ed _the signe Of the

Bowle, late in the tenure holding or occupation Of John Merritt.It appears to have giv en p lace to other bui ldings soon afterwards, as in

another deed relating to the same premises, dated 1661 , mention ismade of

Bowl-(yard on ly ,

’

and none of the Bowl pub lic - house itself. The spot on

wh ich it stood was, in 1623, cal led Canter’

S- alley .

BLACK L AMB , and BL A’

CK’

JACK.— The BlackL ambwas a pub lic -house situate

near the Bowl , and part of the same estate. It is described in the abovequoted deed as, amessuage known by the signe Of the Black L amb ,late in the Occupation of Thomas Gunston ; and is afterwards simi larlynot iced in a subsequent deed , dated 1680, as all thatmessuage containingnine roomes, a yard orbackside, and an house of Office,

”called

'

as before,'

and

then occupied by Judith Gunston, widow, situate on the south Side of

the Old town Of St . Giles’s in the Fields, lead ing towards the. church and

was leased t o the said Judith Gunston for forty - one y ears, from1672 , at 8 1.

per annum.y

The B lack Jack was a th ird pub lic - house a l itt le way fromthe former, and

is described, in the same deeds, to have stood opposite (

a messuage called

the Alley -

gate, meaning the gate leading to Sharper’s- al ley .

Mealman, whose toke n, see in the

p late of coins, as also an account of.

The passage leading fromBroad

street into Short’

s gardens, was in 1 72 0

called Crown- al ley and that leading fromit to Bowl- yard, Crown - court . The formerwasin

“

1808 discontinued asa thoroughfare,

BLACK

and Itssi te,withmany deduc tions therefrom,is nowadded to theworkhouse . The lat teris cal led Vinegar-

yard, fromhaving beenthe vinegarmanufac tory of Richard Gregory , fromwhompart o f the ground fortheworkhouse was purchased, a name which itstil l retains.

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924A,

M

ST. GILES’S PARISH ;

grant made to himat the Dissolut ion, and fromwhomit probab ly received

the name of Dudl ey House. L ord L isle appears to have resided there onlytill _the year 1539, when b e conveyed it, with the rest of the hosp ital site,

‘

toWymond Carew, esquire. In the licence to convey ,‘

it is described as, allthat his (lord L isle

’

s)mansion p lace or cap ital house, late the house of the dis

solved hosp ital of St .”

G i les in the Fields ; with the houses, ed ifices, gardens,stab les and orchards, pertaining to the said capital place or house of the

said hosp ital .”

Whetherit waspulled down on the death of duchessDudley, doesnot appear,but it should rather seemnot, (

54) as the lordsWharton had a residence

on the spot formany years afterwards. Th is, in a p lan of the parish in

1790, is called the lordWharton ’s,

”and appears, with its grounds, to have

occupied a space nearly resemb ling a triangle, the three sides of wh ich were

formed by Denmark - Street, Hog- lane, and L loyd

’s- court . As it stood on the

precise site of Dudley House, it is not improbab le but thatWharton House

might have b een that building, though perhaps altered ormodern ized 55

SOUTHAMPTON HOUSE, Sec . Southampton House was original ly the

manorhouse of Bloomsbury , and stood on the site of the present Bedford

p lace, on the north side of Bloomsbury“square It received its name fIomitsfounder, the earl of Southampton, lord of the manor in the reign of

Henry VIII, and retained it unt i l themarriage of'

the daughter and heiress

of the last lord Southampton, (who died lord treasurer to Charles II,) withWil l iamlord Russel l , by wh ichmeans b eing conveyed unto the Bedford family,it came afterwards to b e cal led Bedford House.

Wi l liamBlemmund, the ancient lord of B lemundesb ury , had, in the reigns

of Henry III, and Edward I, hismanorial residence nearly on th is site, whichIS

The spot where it Stood is, in the

assessment of 1623, cal led Midle Rowe,”

and in the entries of contributions, b esidesthe duchess (then lady

.

Dud ley ,) is enu

merated her daugh ter, lady Frances Dud

ley , and twelve domest ics, which was prob ab ly not all her househo ld , as those

who subscribed are only named . On the

duchess’s death, herdoor into the church

'

yard was ordered to b e stopped up ; and

the way by herhouse, in 1686, was direc tedto be enlarged for the more c onvenient

standing of c oaches, St e.

” which migh t c ccasion a curtailment of the buildings or;

grounds o f Dudley House.

The title deeds for lay ing out and

building Denmark- street in 1687, describeits south side to ab ut on the “ lordWharton

’

s gardens.

”And an ordero f vestry is

existing, of a subsequent date, al lowing hislordship to board up one of the belfry windows

,that hemigh t not b e annoyed by the

ringing of thebel ls.

TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHE‘

D BUILDINGS .

is describ ed in the hosp ital grant, as, the cap ital messuage ofWi l l iam'Blemund .

” — It was then separated fromHo lborn by the d itch cal led in later

t imes B loomsbury D itch, but then Blemund’s D iche.

At the north - end of Southampton House garden, there was remaining,whenMait land wrote, one of the Parliament ’s forts, consist ing of two batteries

and a breast -work, which is engraved in the plan of London, as fort ified byParliament, in his History of L ondon .WARWICK HOUSE.

- Th is nob le mansion stood in Holborn, without the

b ounds of this parish, on the site of the presentWarwick- court , and was the

town residence of theWarwick fami ly . The on ly memorial we know

of it”

as a building, is in the scarce p lan of L ondon andWestminster by Porter

(temp . Car. I,) which represents it as enc losing a court -

yard, or square, and

seemingly of considerab lemagnitude. An account of the lordsWarwick, andof their connect ion with this

'

parish, wi l l b e found in the b iographical part of‘

this'

work, and under the head of St . Giles’sManor.

DRURY House — Th isseat has beenment ioned in the account of Drury- lane,

and, Stric t ly speaking, hasno ‘

righ t to a p lace here, having b een as there not iced,out of the parish but we insert a passing not ice of it,mere ly to ac companythe annexed View. The authority fromwh ich it is taken wil l b e seen in the

p late, aswe l l as of the other houseswh ich accompany it, and wh ich have

just been described .

MONTAGU HOUSE.— Mr. Eve lyn, in his D iary thus describes the

original state of thismagnificent residenceI went to see Montague House, a palace lately built by that gent leman,

who had married the most beautiful countess of Northumb erland . Withinit is a state ly and ample palace. Sig

' Verrio’

s fresco paint ings, espec ial ly the

Funeral Pi le of D ido, on the staircase ; the L abours of Hercu les ; Fight with

the Centaurs ; Elfeminacy with Dejanira, and Apotheosis, or - Rec ept ion

amongst the Gods, on the wal ls and roof of the grand roomab ove, I th inkexceed any th ing he has yet done ; both for design, co louring, and exube

rance of invent ion, comparab le with the greatest of the old masters, orwhatthey so ce lebrate at Rome. In the rest of the chambers are some excel lent

paint ings of Holbein, and othermasters. The garden is large, and in good

air, but the fronts of the house not answerab le to the inside. The court at

entry and wings for otficesf seem.

too nearthe street and that so very narrow

andmeanly built, that the corrido'

re is not in proportion to the rest, to h idethe

246

Burnt 1686.

Re- edified .

S TIG ILES'S PARISH ;

the‘

court frombeing overlooked by neighbours all wh ichmight haye beenprevented, had they p laced the house further into the ground, p f which ,there

was enough to spare. But, on the whole, it is a fine palace. _It is b uiltafter the French pavilion by Mr. Hook, the curator, of

,the :Royal

Soc iety .

’

The same author, in anotherpart Of his D iary , thus relates the unfortunatecatastrophe of this fine bui lding,mthese words':

19 Jan.—Th is nigh t, was burnt to the groundmy lord 4

Montague’s

palace in B loomsbury , than wh ich, for paint ing and furniture, there ~wasnoth ing more glorious in England .

" This happened‘

by the negligence of

a servant; airing, as they call it, some of the '

goods by the fire, in a moistseason . Indeed, so wet and mild a

,season had scarce

‘

been Seen inman’e

memory.

The present Montague House'

(wel l known as the Brit ish Museum,)wasbuilt,l ike the former, on the French p lan, and by the same nob leman, (then duke

of Montague, who had been~ ambassador in France.) Of a building so wel l

known, a descript ionwould be needlesse’ There ismuch ofmagnificencewith in,

part icularly in the grand staircase, - which has been general ly admired ; and

many of the roomsare truly nob le apartments. It isextremelywell.adapted,withthe recent addit ionswh ich have b eenmade to it, to its present use ; The gar

denshave b een great ly altered fromwhat they are represented in Kip’

sViews.

The second duke and duchess of Montague l ived in one of the wings on lyof Montague House, t il l their house atWh itehal l was finishedTHANET HOUSE.

s— Th is house was contemporary with the one justdescribed; andWas, in the seventeenth century , the town residence of the

Thanet family , who wi l l be found not iced in the b iograph ical part of th iswork . It is a large brickb uilding, in the taste of that age, and is nowdividedinto two houses ; part Of it was inhab ited, unt il his decease, by the latealderman

.Combe. It stands on the north side of Great Russell- street .

BROWNL OWThe second wifeOf the_founder(the

first duke of Montague,)says Mr. Pennan t,

Mad dudumqf‘‘was themad duchess of Albe

Afb f ’rafi’fi marle, widow to ChIistOpher,secOhd dukeof that tit le . Shemarried hersecond husband

, as emperorOfChina; whichgave occasion to a scene in the

- play Of . Cib

ber'

s" Sick Lady Cured .

’— She was kep t inthe ground apartment during his grace

’

s

l ife, and was serv ed on the knee to the dayo f her death, which happened in 1 734, at

Newcast le House,

'

CleIkenwell, at the ageof

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TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS .

BROWNL OWHOUSE.— Th is ‘house has been noticed in the account

'

Of

Brown low- street, and Gardens : we mere ly ment ion it again in th is p lace,fromhaving given a v iewof its remains among the buildings in the aecom_pany ing p late. The part, nowBrown low- street Hospital, seems. to

‘

have been

only the centre of a larger edifice, wh ich, no'

doubt , had Zwings, if not

offices; attached ; expressmention beingmade in the parish books (and fromwhich we have given extrac ts) of parts of it being pulled

'

down, tomake wayfor improvementswhen the site was bui l t on .

DYOT HOUSE— L ike the above, Dyot House has been already noticed in the

account Of the street whereinit stands. It isdoubtful,whetherthe ant iquity of

this residence is as remote as the t ime of Richard Dyot but it certain ly was

inhabited'

for. many years by his son, the late Philip Dyot, esq . Th is house

(see p late) is only a moderate sized bui ld ing, and possesses no curiosity but

what 'it derives fr'

omits former owners. h is at present converted . into

a Chand ler’s shop, and is environed by dwel l ings and neighbours of a veryd ifferent character towhat wemay suppose it waswhen first built .WEL D HOUSE— Th is house stood on the east side,

'

about themidd le of the

presentWe ld - street, orWi ld - street , to wh ich it gave name ; and was so cal led

fromits owner, HumphreyWeld, esq . before ment ioned, a parish ioner, and

ancestoro f‘

the .We lds of L ulworth Cast le, Dorsetsh ire. It was bui lt in the

early part of the reign Of .Charles I, onthe spot then called Oldwick Close,by

sirEdward Stradl ing, and was sold to Mr.'Weld, in 165 1

It is described in deeds of a coeval'

date with its erect ion, as a fair largemansion- house, with stab les and outhouses.

” And in the year1639, in a deed

of conveyance thenmade, as, a capitalmansion - house, with barns, stab les,coach - houses, and other-b uildings andmust, fromthe '

hints afforded in the

extrac ts fromlegal documents, wh ich we are about to quote have been

a building(57

) See an account of th ismansion, andas to the early state o f the site on wh ich itstood, under the head Oldwick C lose .

TheWeld family appear to have been lnhab itants of the parish previously to HumphreyWeld’s purchase, and to have dwel thereabouts ; as Mr.EdwardWeld is mentioned in the assessment of 1623, and then

resided In Drury- lane.

Stradling House, afterwardsWeld

House, and part of its grounds, were first

so ld by sirEdward Stradl ing to one George

Gage, in 1 632 who the fol lowing yeardisposed of the same to lady Al ice Dud ley for

subjec t to redemption on paymentto her of a l ife -annuity o f 1 50 l . The re

mainder o f the - land, not bef ore sold to

Gage, was leased by sirEdward Strad l ingto Dr. Gifford in 1638, at a pepper

- corn

rent. Gage dy ing that y ear, devised ' his

interest

947

248 ST. GILES’ S PARI SH ;

a building of considerab lemagn itude having, b esides a centre or body , two

wings or project ing ends, suffic ient ly capac ious to b ecome, in after t imes,separate res

idences fortenants of the first eminence.

In 1665 , one of these wingswas inhab ited by the Portuguese ambassador,and the otherby aMr. Pickering, themiddl e or centre bu i ld ing being formedinto a distinct mansion and are enumerated asWe ld House the Ambassador

’s House, and Saunders

’

s House orWing. The three dwel l ings are

af terwards described as“all that cap italmansion calledWe ld House, situate

inWeld - street and also all that othermessuage, with its stab les, coach - houses,

and buildings, situate inWeld - street aforesaid, then in the possession of the

Portugal ambassador, and of Augustin Carose l , merchant ; and all that

othermessuage adjoining toWeld House, on the side next Queen- street, and

then in the tenure ofEdmund Pickering, gent leman .

In 1673, mention ismade of the two wings, by the description of the wingof the said great house, late in Mary Saunders

’

s possession and anotherhouse

in the possession of the widowReeve, being the otherwing house.

”

In 1688, the south wing (which had before been inhab ited by the Portuguese

ambassador)was occup ied by the Spanish ambassador the part'

thereof once

b elonging to Mary Saunders, and afterwards to August in Corosal, b eing taken

in to enlarge it . The north wingwasshort ly before, the residence of the countess

of Exeter. The bui ld ings ofWeld House are described at th is t ime as all

that cap ital messuage cal ledWe ld House, ly ing in or adjoining toWe ldstreet ; the saidmessuage, late in the possession of the

'

Portugal ambassador,and then of his exce l lency Don Pedro Ronqui l lo, the Spanish ambassador ;

adjoin inginterest in the part sold to lady Dudley , for

payment of his deb ts ; and it was subse

quent ly sold to dame FrancesWeld, intrust forherson HumphreyWeld, esq . and

c onvey ed to himin 1 651 . In 1665 HumphreyWeld leased the premises, redeemab le to trustees, to secure to his wife (oneOf the daugh ters of the lady Ann Arundel l)« the repayment of 2 ,3ool . And in 1669 he

mortgaged them for 3,oool. as also in

1673, certain parts for 700 1. And in 1 679,

in consideration Of a marriage between hisd augh terC lara and Nicho las earl Of Carl ingford, he assigned

'

to Martin Fo lkes, esq .

and another, , trustees, to hold in trust for

the said C laraWeld all the said premisescalledWeld House, 8Lc .

In 1680,sirEdwardAtkins, baron of the

Exchequer, b ough t for 6,ooo l ., toge ther

wi th certain tenemen ts in Dorsetshire, themansion calledWeld House (that is to say,t he c entre building.) And the same '

y ear

the wings were againmortgaged to EdwardCape ] , gen t . for 1

,0 oo l. They afterwards

passed through varioushands, asmen tionedabove, unti l the house came to be final lydemo lished, and the site of it and the gar

dens comp letely buil t on.

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TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILD INGS.

adjoiningt oand being part Of'

th e saidWe ld House, on

.

or towards the south

side .thereof ; . the house ; formerly in .the occupat ion of Mary Saunders,’

adjoining north onWe ld House, and then laid into, and used with the said

house in the possession of the Spanish ambassador. Al l wh ich houses adjoin '

to each other in ornearWe ldIn 1695 , was demised

'

to Ralph L ister, plaisterer,“all t hat part of the

saidmansion- house cal ledWeld House, with its gardens and appurtenances,

Containing, fromeast to'

west , on the north and south parts, 360 feet ; and on

themiddle part thereof, fromnorth to south 75 feet and at the back or east

part thereof, fromnorth to south, 44, feet . Th is admeasurement makes thec entre ofWeld '

House 75 feet broad ; and, taking the two wings at the samebreadth (37 7; feet each,)which is probab ly under themark, the street front of

the whole fabricmust have been 1 50 feet wide, and the depth of it, .with the

gardenb eh ind , 360 feet .

The lessee, L ister, soon demol ishedWeld House, and b ui l t ,ou its site ; aswe find that the next possessor of th e estate, Isaac Foxcroft , in 1698, gives tohis son, by

“

wi l l , al l his lands, tenements, rents, 85C . whether freeho ld or

leasehold , b eing f ormerlyWeld House, the gardens and grounds to the

same belonging.

”

'

. Seven'

years later(1702 )mentionismade .of all that part of the cap italmessuage called ‘Weld HOu'

se, as .it was'

then built upon ; and subsequent ly ,v iz . in 1713, was leased to

'

Hugh Jones, of St . Martin’s in the Fie lds, al l

that parce l of ground, part Of the garden then late b elonging toWeld House,

being the second p iece of ground, eastwards, and all t imber, bui ld ings and

materials thereon erec ted .

”- And the same year, the final exit ofWe ld House

is recorded by a demise Of all those parcels of ground whereonWeld House

formerly'

stood , and the fourteen houses thereon bui lt,”&c .

— And,

In 1717, was leased, “all thatmessuage formerly used as the ambassador’

s

chapel , [and the vestry thereto adjoining.

”

NEWCASTLEHOUSE— Newcast le Houée is a -wel l -known bui lding. It was

erected in 1686, by the then marquis of Powis, fromwhomit received the

name of Powis House but b eing afterwards sold to the duke of Newcastle,the .

well - known minister of George I l , . it was cal led Newcast le House . It

stands at the north -west corner of L incoln’s- inn fields, part of it also forming

the south side of Great Queen- street

249

ST: G ILES’S PARI SH ;

It is a lofty and nob le build ing of brick, with stone quoins and dressings;ascended to by a grand doub le flight of stone steps, and its centre rising in .the

formof a pointed pediment . Want of room, asis evident fromthe expedient ofsupport ing its north side on arches, has occasioned a curtailment of breadth infront, by nomeans favourab le to its appearance. It 'has of late years beendivided and oc cup ied as a doub le house. The arch itect is said to have beena captainWilliamWynde.

Government, we are told, had once an intention to have bought and settledNewcastle House Official ly on the Great Seal . At thist ime it wasoc cup ied bythe lord keeper, sirNathanWright .ANCASTER, orL INDSEY HOUSE(once the seat of the earls of L indsey , and of

their descendants the dukes Of Ancaster,) is situated a litt le way from'

Newcastle House, and on the west side Of L incoln ’s- inn square. It is chiefly

remarkab le fromhaving been the work of Inigo Jones ; and is an elegantstone building, nowd iv ided and occupied as two private houses.

PAULET HOUSE, &c . Queen - street, ObservesMr. Pennant, (Account of

London, p . was, in the sixteenth century , the residence of many of

our people of rank . Amongst others was Paulet House, be longing to the

marquis OfWinchester ; Conway House, the residence of the nob le fami ly of

that name —and the house in wh ich lord Herb ert , of Chirbury , finished hisromant ic life. The fronts of certain houses, probab ly these, or others of the

nob ility , are distinguished by brick p i lasters and rich cap itals.

”

The earls of Bristol had also a house in th is street, ofwhich Mr.Evelyn thusspeaks, in hisD iaryWh en the Board of Trade and Plantat ions was first estab l ished in 1671 ,the earl of B ristol ’s house, in Queen - street , was taken for their use. It had

seven rooms on a floor a long gallery , gardens, &c . and was furnished with

rich hangings of the kings.

”

The annexed plate represents some Of the houses here ment ioned . The

appropriat ion of each to its respect ive inhab itant, is however a matterofuncertainty ; no c luewhateverb eing to be found among the parish records,orindeed any ment ionmade of t hemto guide Our inquiries. It is certain,notwithstand ing, that the '

nob le persons said to have lived here Wereparish ioners, as the names «of the marquisses ofWinchester andWorcester, lord Herbert , and other nob lemen, are mentioned as the occupants

of

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TOPOGRAPHY OF— D ISTINGUISHED BUILDINGS. 251

of pews in the church , or as donors to the poor, in various parts of the

parish books.OTHER HOUSEs.

- There are several otherhouses of eminent personsnot iced Otherhouses.

in the parish books as L ouch House, Chesterfield House, and the houses of

D udl ey Short, esq . and sirRichard Stiddolph but we knownothing of themas buildings.

x

Wicklifle.

ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

'

C H A P. V.

HISTORICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS.

Sir John Oldcastle and the L ollards.- Babington

’s Plot — Burning of the

King’s Stables at B loomsbury — Of M ontagu H ouse (1685 — E.cecution

of L ordWilliamRussell — Account of the Plague at dg'

fi'

erent p eriods.~

Dr. H eywood Rector — Parish Concerns, viz . Names of Places, Fines,Sacrilege, Robbery .

— Political Events— Vestry , an Account ofI —Parish

Of ficers— The Church and B urial Grounds— Extra Chap els.—Perambula

tions and B oundaries.— H ighway s, Pav ing, L ighting ,

— POOR, dg'

fi'

erent

Sorts qf— Estates g iven to them, and by whom— Establishmentsfir their

relief; viz .Workhouse, Almshouses, Free Schools, Shelton’s School, Parish

School — Manors of St. Giles and B loomsbury , Account qf,‘

and of thejbrmation, Sec. of B loomsbury Church and Parish.

THEfirst known historical occurrence of importance, inwhich the name of

th is parish is conspicuous, isthe pretended consp iracy of the L ollards, and cruel

execution of their leader, Sir John Oldcastle, wh ich latter event took place inSt. Giles

’s Fields in the year 1418 . An account of th is transac t ion is to be

found in the Martyrology of Fox, and the~

annals of various contemporarywriters ; a slight account therefore, and that ch ieflywith respect to local part i

culars, will b e necessary in th is p lace.

The tenets ofWichlg'fie, first propagated in the reign of Edw. III, his expo

sitiou of the vices and ignorance of the c lergy , and his discovery of a purer

theology , had promoted a sp irit of inquiry , highly inimical to the then reli

gious estab l ishment . The proselytes to the newsystem, whowere denominatedby theiradversaries, L ollards, cont inued to increase in the succeeding reigns,and had become so formidab le, in point of numbers, about the t ime of the

accession of Henry V, that the church took a serious alarm, and determined tocrush the growing schism, by some examp les of severity . SirJohn Oldcastle,L ord Cobham, aman of rank and family , and agreat favourerof the sec t, had

rendered h imself part icularly obnoxious by his boldness and zeal , and was, on

that account, thought the fittest to begin with ; but as he ranked h igh in his

sovereign’

s

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£254 ST. GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

escaped out of the Towre of L ondon in the nyght, and so fledde intoWalys,where as he cont inuedmore than four y earsafter.

”

The play of SirJohn Oldcastle,” falsely ascribed to Shakespeare, but cer

tainly written about his time, has adop ted the ill - founded calumny fastened on

the L ollardsby their enemies, of treasonab le practices, and not religion, beingthe object of theirmeeting in St . Giles’sFields a charge d isproved by the best

h istorians, and evidently onl y propagated at first to bring theminto disgrace.

Th is drama (whatevermigh t be themotives of its author fortaking the side he

has done)has a number of passages, wh ich not only describe in lively colours

the progressof the pretended plot of thissect, and the part taken in it by their

leaders, but affordmuch local information as to St . Giles’s itself, which its

ant iquity renders valuab le . The plac e of rendezvous for Sir John and his

fol lowers, is there stated to b e Ficket’

s Field ,”and to lay behind St.Giles

’

s,

nearH olborn .

” As Ficket’

s Field, or Fikatteyfeld (accord ing to old deeds)

was the name properly , of that part of the parish now called L incoln’s- inn

fields, only ; wh ich does not lay beh ind, but on the side of St. Giles’s (i. e. of

the Church or Hospital it isprobab le that Picket’

s Fieldwasa denominationapp l ied then general ly to the whole d istrict , and that the meet ing took placesomewhere to the south of the hosp ital , the fields of wh ich joined those ofWestminster, the immed iate seat of royal ty . Th is justifies an expression putinto the King

’

smouth , on Picket ’s Fie ld being named to himas the hal ting

p lace of the rebels, of What , so near our presence— Th is, however, is

on lymatterof conjecture. Some extracts fromthe p lay al luded to fo l low

PASSAGES FROM THEPLAY OF SIR JOHN OLDCASTLE.

Acton. There are o f us, our friends and fol lowers,Three thousand and three hundred at the leastOf northern lads four thousand , beside horse ;PromKent there c omeswith SirJohn Oldcast leSeven thousand then fromLondon issue out,

O fmasters, servants, strangers,’

premices,Forty odd thousand, unto Picket Field .

Marley—Where’

s that Picket Field, SirRoger?

Acton . Behind St . Giles in the Field, nearHolborn.

Murley .— Newgate

—up Ho lborn- St . Giles in the Field, and to Tyburn ;— an old say

Friday nex t and Picket Field .

’ have half a score jades y‘ drawmy beer

casts— and every jade shal l beara knave— and every knave shal l weara jackand ev ery jack shal l have a sc ul l— and every scul l shal l shewa spear

— and everyspearshall ki l l a foe at Picket Field— at Picket Field— all my knaves shal l fightl ikemen at Picket Field on Friday nex t .

SCENE

HISTORICAL ,

’

&c .— BABINGTON’

S PLOT.

SCENE— Picket Field —EnterButler.

Butler. It’

s break of day .

And, as I scou ted near to Islington,The grey

- ey’dmorning gav eme gl immering

Of armedmencoming down Heygate H ill,Who, by their course are coasting th itherward .

SCENE—Heygatea— EnterActon, 810 .

Murley .~ -Where’

s ourarmy , SirPActon. Dispers

’

d in sundry vil lages aboutBut our ch ief strengthmust b e the LondonersWh ich, er

’

e the sun to -morrowshine,Wil l be nearfifty thousand in the field .

This nigh t we fewin Heygate wil l repose ;With the first cockwe’ l l rise and armourselves,To be in Ficket Field by break of day,

And there expec t ourgeneral .

The state of the parish, or that part of it here denominated Ficketwel l agree with the nature of the spot in El izabeth

’

s reign, nearwh ich t ime thisp lay waswritten. The armed men are descried by the morning l ight fromPicket Field, coming ‘

down Heygate Hil l . Th is would have been possib le,looking fromthe fields on the South side of St . Giles

’s, when Bloomsbury was

unbuilt . The number of Londoners expected to join the rebel standard;would demand no smal l space to assemb le in L incoln’

s- inn fields (the antientFikattesfeld)must have been too confined ;i—nor could roombe found in any

otherpart of the parish , except b eh ind the hosp ital, wh ich communicatingwiththe fields ofWestminster, and an extensive tract of c ountry , would, in all

respects, b e convenient . Itmay b e safe ly inferred therefore, that the meet ingof the Lol lards took p lace there. The manner of Sir John Oldcastle’

s death

has b een not iced, in speaking of the newgal lowsset up on that occasion at the

c ommon p lace of execut ion, opposite the hosp ital garden.

The consp iracy against queen El izab eth , known by the name of BABING

TON’

S PL OT,”is the next pub l ic occurrence in wh ich we find St . Giles’smen

tioned . The part iculars of it will b e found in Carl ton’s Thankfull Remem

brance of God’

sMerc ies. This event took p lace in the year 1586 ; and wasone of the numerous attemptsmade by the Catholics of the time to dethrone

and

255

Q56 ST. GILES’ S PARISH ;

and murder that princess. The head conspirator being named Bab ington,occasioned the plot to b e cal led after him. They conferred,

”says the

b ishop ,“ in St. Giles

’s Fields, in Pau l ’s church , and in tavernes, in wh ich

they had their dai ly feasts and so infatuated were they , that thosewho shoul d

strike the queen they had pourtrayed in l ively p ictures, and in the midst ofthemBab ington , with th is verse, H imiki sunt comites, quos ip sa periculoducunt.

’ These pictureswere brough t to the queen.

”

This formidab le treason was d iscovered part ly through the confession of one

of the conspirators. Bab ington, and two or threeothers, for a t ime escaped

during wh ich they hid themselves “ in St. John’sWood, neare to the citie.

Here they cut off Babington’s hayre, and defaced his nat ive b eauty , with

rubb ing his face overwith the greene huskes of walnuts. And being forced

by hunger, they gotmeere to Harrowon the H ill where, af ter b eing hid in

barnes, and fed, and c lothed in rustical apparel] , they were in about ten dayes

found and brought to L ondon .

”

The 13th of September, seven of the conspirators b eing brought to

judgment, confessed themselves gui lty , and were condemned of treason.

Other seven came the next day , who denied that they were guiltie, and committed themselves to God and the country ; yet were they condemned bytheir former confessions.

”

The 90th of t hat month , the first seven were hanged and quartered in

St. Giles’s Fields, where they used to meet . Bal lard, the contriver of all the

mischiefe, asked at the place of executionj pardon of God , and the queen,

c ond itional ly , if hee had sinned against her. Bab ington (who without fear

beheld Ballard ’s death ,

'

wh i le the rest were upon their knees in prayer) freelyconfessed his sinnes ; and after he was taken downe fromthe galldwes, cried

out in L at in, Parcemihi Jew. The rest in their order likewise were hanged

and quartered .

The eventswh ich followare ch iefly of a domest ic nature, but relate morestrict ly to the parish than the preced ing. They aremost ly extracted fromtheparish books, and concern a variety of subjects. The first occurrence we

not icemerely to correct amistatement . It is related by Stowe.

Of later t ime K. Henry VIII, having faire stab l ing there for horses,

(that is to say , at themews, Charing Cross, ofwhich the author hasbeen speaking,) in the year 1534, the 28th of his reign, it was burnedwithmany great

horses,

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ST . GILES’S PAR I S H ;

had brought wrapt up in a b lanket. L ady D evonsh ire came towardsmorningand lay here. Thuswe see what s. day brings forth, and howmomentary. the

th ingswe set ourhearts upon.

”

The execution of LordWilliam W110 was a parish ioner, and owner

of Bloomsburymanor, took place in'Lincoln

’s- innfields, July 21 , 1683 . The

subject is variously . noticed by different writers Pennant’

s account will

sufficeHere, says b e, speaking of L incoln’s- inn fields and its theatre, on

anotherstage of a different nature, was performed the -sad tragedy of t he death

of the virtuous L ord Russell ; who lost his head .in themiddl e-

of the square,

July 2 1, 1683. Party writers assert , that he was brought here in preference

to any otherspot, in order to mortify the citizens with the sight . In fact, it

was the nearest open space to Newgate, the place of his lordsh ip’s confine

ment : otherwise dragging himto TowerH ill, the usual concluding scene on

these dreadful occasions, would have given his enemies ful l opportunity of

indulging the imputedmal ice.

”

The Duke of Yerk descended so lowin his revenge, as to desire that th is

innocent lord might b e executed before his own door in Bloomsbury - square

an insul t the king himself would not consent to. An orderwas signed forhisexecution in L incoln’

s- inn fields ; and a resp ite of only two days being at last

asked, was refused.

” —OldmixonThe PLAGUE, which formerly committed great ravages in St . Giles’

s, is the

subject of numerous entries in the parish books —They afford an interest ing

p icture _of the nature and effectsof th is dreadful calamity .

In an interval of less than eighty years, there were, it appears fromthe

b ills of mortality , fiv e great mortal it ies or plagues in L ondon . The first

began in 1592 ; the last in 1665 . The intermediate plague yearswere, 1603,when there died more than persons in L ondon ; 16Q5 , when there

wasa still greaternumber‘

of deaths and 1636 and 1640 , in wh ich last years,although less, the mortal ities were st ill very dreadful. St. Giles

’

s parish

IS

InMarch 1688-

9 , an ac t forrev ersing 2 d Novemb er 1689 , the house of com~

the attainderof the late LordRussell,receiv ed mons appointed a c ommi t tee to examineHis attainder the royal assent . In the pream who were the advisers and promoters of the

b le to the b il l, (which was the murder of Lord RusseI.

second KingWil liampassed,)his executionis cal led amurder.

— and

HISTORICAL ,‘

&c.— THE- PL AGUE; ¢WRITERS ON.

ison ly twicementioned by name in. these“

b ills; viz .in the years 15 92 and l fifli

when there died as follows

1592 .—Of the p lague, 596.

— Total number of burials rin ; the'p arishz this

y ear, fromall disorders(the plague inclusive,) 8949

169 5 .—Of the plagues - Tota1 ' nurnber of burials in the p arish th is

year (plague as abev e in elu‘

sivm)The plague .of c is _very

-

ent ertain ingl y described by'

De Foe; in his,

journal of the.

-

_plague‘

year wh ich, howev er, is mixed with :some fict ion.

Dr. Mead, Dr. 'Brown, Hodges; and others, have also .written on th is?subject

Dr.Mead says, that it was general ly thought that this contagion -

came withcotton imported‘fromTurkey

“

. Otherop inions differas to its - origin : al l‘

,-how

ever, acknowledge its mal ignity to have been unparal lelled, it having swept

away , ia' London and itssuburbsal one”

, in tenmonths t ime, persons.

The efi'

ec ts of this, and some of the preceding v isitations on St . Giles’s

parish , wi l l be seen by the following extracts

1697 . Ordered by vestry , that Jane Brackley,.widowof Joseph Brackley ,be paid d isbursed by , and left unpaid, to her late husband when in'

office, be having expended that sumfor the poor, during. the visitat ion” . And

Mr. Biggs was also Ordered to be paid £28._3 3. the balance of money disbursed by himat the same t ime.

”

The v isitationt‘

hene'mentioned, was that of the' deb t due to ‘Ml

‘

S.

Brackl ey , was formoney paid by her husband that yearwh i le churchwarden,everand above the col lec tions of wh ich he had the disposal ; and wh ich were

assessed on the parish ioners by ac t of parl iament, . 1608 , for support ing such

poorasmight be '

shut’

up with the infection. : .Mr. Biggs’s arrearswere for

money expended in a similarmannerThere is no otherment ion of th is p lague in the books. The next are

entries

Theregulations ih-

this,

.and preced ingp lagues, may b e seen ih

'

the Trac ts o f '

the

Day , and are very curious Examiners,

.

searchers, watchmen, keepers and bearers,were appointed for the persons and placesinfec ted . In 1665, every house visited wasto be marked wi th a red cross

,in the

middle o f the door, wi th the words, The

Lord have mercy upon us,"

above . The

constab leswere ' to see every visited house

shut’

Up,and'attended withwatchmen to keep

the inhab itantsin,

.and administern ecessariesto them, at their own or the parish charge,asmigh t be needful . The keepers, buriers,and medical at tendants, were to carry red

rods in their hands, in the streets. The

b urial of the dead was to take p lace beforesunrising, oraftersunset ting only, and to beunaccompanied by friends orre lations. Allpub lic meetingswere prohibited , 8t c .

L L 2

260

PestHouse.

ST . GILES’S PAR I SH;

entries as to the pest ilence of 1686, when, by an order of vestry , a treasurer

was appointed for the visited poor, for one year.

” And subsequent ly (the ,

b eginn ing of the year 1637)it was

Ordered — That Mr. Speckart , and eleven more gent lemen, vestrymen,‘

with thecol lectorsfor the visited poor,‘

and three constab les, shouldmeet inthe vestry thenceforward at six o

’

c lock in themorning, to give their assistance "

in col lec ting suchmonies aswereinarrears, for the visited poor. And if £.QO

was not gathered withinfour days fromtheir firstmeeting, Mr. Nursewas to'

d isburse the same to Mr. Baseley,and to stay proceed ingsagainst Mess" Hope

and Gardner (churchwardensin at the suit of BartholomewPiggot,out of the monies remaining in his, Mr. Nurse

’s hands, forthe use of the

visited poor.

”

T here is no informat ionwhy the suit alluded to was commenced against the

then late churchwardens. The next year, 1638, the plague having, for a

wh ile, ceased ;Auditors were ordered to be appointed to audit the accounts of the

visited poor.

”

During the preced ing infections, th is parish, as well as others, made use of

a general hospital , called THEL ONDON PEST HOUSE,”

stated to have

stood “ forth ofMr. H iggons’s house ”B loomsbury .

” This Pest House, on the

approach of the next part ial plague in 1640, seems to havebeen engaged by

th is parish on its own separate account .

1639 . Ordered, —That the landlord of the Pest House, be contrac ted

with for a lease of the ground, for as long t ime as it can b e gotten. And

that the said Pest House afterwards be viewed, and an estimatemade by theadvice of workmen, what the charge wil l be tomake it fit forpoor people todwel l in.

Th is treaty seems to have b een successful, aswe may infer fromthe next

ment ion of the Pest House (wh ich is the fo l lowing year,) when a sumof

10 3. is deb ited in the churchwardens accounts, as the rent of the Pest

House for one whole ”

year wh ich sum, fromits smallness, doub tlessmeansthe ground rent . An entry of relief sent to the poor at the Fest House,

”

occurs

This Pest House in the general b il l St . Giles in the Fields. It probab ly was theofmortality for 162 5, is cal led, The Pest same b uilding occupied afterwards as a ge

House for'

the nine out parishes adjoining neral workhouse, of which see more under

London 5”and among wh ich parishes was that head . It stood nearColdbath- fields.

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962 ST. GILES'SJPAR ISH

poore peeple of this parish ,with the nifec’ion of the plague and becauserdiv ers

of the gentry and p’sons of estate were then eat of towne, there

‘

conld net be

an assessment made, andmoney collected amongst the p ’shioners for the p

’sent

relie fe of the said infected— wherefore Mr.~Williarn Pratt, &c . . berrowed of

Theodore Colley, Esq . £ 50 . Which sumappearing tohav e beenfiiithfiiliy

disbursed to the said Visited poore, it is ordered that the same be‘repaid .”

The revival , or rather continuance of the disorder, for it appears onlyr to

have slept during the wintermonths, is proved by various disbursements toinfected persons, among wh ich are the following

1641 . To John Parker, in Parker’s- lane, visited 38.

To Tindall, the carpenter, formending the Pest House 1 8s.

”

In 1642 the entries indicate an increase in the virulence of the disease, as

the d ormant practic e of . shutting up . the infected houses, was then first

resorted to. The deaths likewise had b ecome so numerous, that the bod iescoul d'

no longer- be buried in the usual way , but were ob l iged to be co llected

in carts, and thrown into p its orgraves of large dimensions, by torch l ight.1642: P" ‘ for two pad locks and hasps, for visited houses Q3. 6d.

Thesewere to fasten in the infected, and to prevent any one entering into, or

coming out of the house, without the consent of the warder,'

or watchman,stat ioned at the door, who kept the key , and

» under a severe penalty was'

to

admit themedical attendants only .

P“ to Mr. Hyde, for cand les for the b earers 10 5.

To the same for' the night cart and cov er, the summe of

To Mn Mann, for links and candles for the night bearers

The candlesment ioned were for the bearers, whowere accustomed to search

such infected‘

houses, asdid not return an‘

answerto the cry of Bring out your

dead !” Where it was not unusual tofind the whole'household had perished .

In these cases, or otherwise, such bodies as they co l lected were thrown intothe covered cart wh ich attended them, and taken to the different churchyards

and when they were ful l , to fieldsand other p laces, where p its-were dug for the

purpose. The persons doing th is duty (wh ich was alwaysi'

performed at midnight)carry ing l inks t o l ight them, and general lysmoking to prevent infect ion.

Iu.l 643, we find there further entries as

,

to the plague of that year.

To the bearers for carryeing oute of Crown-

yard , a woman that dy ed of the

}plagueSent to a pooreman shut up in Crown-

yard, of the p lagueP" fora book

, and two orders concerning the v isited houses

HISTORICAL , See — GREAT PLAGUEOF 1665 .

P" Mr.Hyde, forpadlocksand staples fora houseP‘1 the sex ton formaking tograves, and for l inksas, perb il lP‘St geven Mr. Lyn, thebed le, fora piec e of good service for the p ischa,conv eying away of a v isited i bousehodd out of y

‘

pissbe to Lond’Pest House, 1 . 6.

forth of Mr. Higgons’

s house at B loomsburyRecd of Mr.Haarle, Dr.Temp le

’

s gift to be given unto Mrs.Hockey , aminister

’

swidow, shut up in the cracheyard, of the p lague

At the commencement of the p lague in the year 1646. It was ordered byvestry

That an assessment bemadefor the visited poore. To be y’4th part of

the poor’

s book for one month ; and the money collected to be paid to

Mr. Gerrard , the.treasurer, for the visited poor. And the said treasurer to

distribute it to the constab les, and others to be named, to give it awayas necessity may be and require.

Rec " of Mr. Cornish , for the reliefe of the visited poor 10.

And the following year in Mr. Bringhurst, the treasurer’s account of

money received and d isbursed for the visited poor, it is stated that he had

received 63. 1 1 d . ; and disbursed to searchers, bearers, and wardens,108 . and in addition that he had paid for building the pest -house.

”

The plague of 1665, as it was the last calamity of the kind known in

England, so it was by far the severest . The op inions as to its origin -were

various but Dr. Mead’

s assertion, before noticed, that it came in cotton fromTurkey , wasmost generally credited . All writers concur in giving amostfrightfu l picture of itsravages; Mait land, speaking of it at its heigh t, says,

Al l

Londonmigh twel l be said to b e al lin tears themournersdid no t go about the

Dr. Hodgson’

|

streets indeed, for nobody put

account qf the on b lack, ormade a formal dressdrw‘lfid {f ew of mourning for their nearest

friends bu t the voice ofmourningwas truly heard in the streets; the shrieksof women and children, at the doors and

windows of theirhouses, where theirdearestrelationsweredy ing, or perhaps dead, wereenough to pierce th e stoutest heart . At the

west end of the town,it was a surprizing

th ing to see those streetswhich were usual lythronged, nowgrown desolate ; so that Ihavesometimesgone the length of awhole street

,

963

Imean bye - streets, and have seen nobody to

direc tme b ut watchmen, set at the doors of

such houses aswere shut up .— And one day

I part icularly observed, that even inHolborn,the people walked in themiddle of the street,and not at th e sides, no t tomingle, as I supposed, with any body that came out of in

fec ted houses, ormee twith smel ls and scentsfromthem.

” —(Journal of the Plague Year.)In the streetsmigh t be seen persons

seized with the sickness, staggering l ikedrunken men : here lay some dozing, andalmost half dead there others were metfatigued with excessive v omit ing, as if theyhad drank poison in the midst of the

market

264 ST. GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

All the houseswere shut up, the streets deserted, and scarcely any thing to

b e seen therein, but grass growing, innumerable fires forpurify ing the infectedair, coflins, pest carts, red crosses upon doors, with the inscription L ord have

may up on and poor women in tears with d ismal aspect, and woeful

lamentat ions, carry ing their infants to the grave, and scarcely any other sounds

to be heard than those incessantly emitted fromthewindows, of Frag/fi r us!’

and the direful call ofiBring out your dead .

” with the p iteous groans of

depart ing sou ls, andmelancholy knells forbod ies ready for the grave.

”

St . Giles’s parish has themelancholy d ist inct ion of being the p lace at wh ich

this dreadful plague begun . D e Foe (the truth of whose statement, as toth is point, is corroborated by otherwriters) tel ls us,

'

that the first deaths fromthisl disorder happened at the upper end of Drury

- lane .

“ This,”

says he,

turned peoples eyes pretty much to that quarter, and the weekly b i l ls, shewing an increase of burials in St . Giles’s parish, it began to be suspected, that

the plague was among the peop le at that end of the town . He proceeds to

state, that the ordinary number of burials in that parish, were from10 or 12

a week to 15 or 16 ; but that after the plague had commenced, the weeklyb ills shewed an evident increase ; the number that d ied amount ing at the end

of the first six or seven weeks, to Q4, and in some weeks afterwards to 30, so

that by themiddle of May , the d isease had spread b eyond all powerto conceal

it . In the parish of St . G i les,”says he, it had gotten into several streets,

and several families lay sick altogether; and accord ingly in the next weeklyb i l l, the th ing b egan to shew itself ; there was indeed but 14 set down of the

p lague, but th iswas all knav ery a nd col lusion, for in St . Giles’s parish they

buried 40 in all ; whereof it was certainmost of themd ied of the p lague,though not so set down. And in the next b i l l , fromMay 98 to May 30, the

burialsin St . Giles’swere 53, a frightful numb er! of whomthey set down but

9 of the plague ; but on a strict invest igation it was found there were 20more,who

market persons in ful l heal th fel l suddenlydown

, as if the con tagion was there exposedto sale .

— It was no t uncommon to see an

inheritance pass to three heirs with in the

space of fourdays. The b earers were notsuffic ient to inter the dead,

”Sta — (Dr.

Hodges on the Plague .)Dr. Hodges

’

s account o f itmakes itb egin atWestminster ; in the fie ldsof whichpart of St . Giles

’

s parish then lay . SirRich .

Manninghamsays, It wasmost general lyreported to have b egan in St . Giles

’

s, byflax.

”— (Discourse concerning the Plague .)This p lague (which the eminent Dr.

Sydenhamcal ls in his prac tic e o f c ures bythe name o f a mortal fever) d iscovered at

first itsmal igni ty among the poorersort of

people in St . Giles in the Fie lds, towards thelatter end o f the year

—(Prac ticalmethod for the c ure of the Plague,

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266

Regulations.

ST. GILES ’S PAR I S H ;

And it was, at the same time, further directed by vestryThat the constab les and overseers do take an account what pensioners

and parish ch ildren have deceased (of the plague)since Lady - day last, until the

present t ime.

”

In addit ion to the 58. 600 raised by the rate, various sumswere subscrib ed

by eminent persons, not parish ioners, which are entered in the churchwardens

accounts, as under:

3. d .

Rec’o fMr.Wil liams, fromtheEarl of Clare

, (gift-money) 1 0 . o . o .

Rec’

of Mr. Justice Godfrey (SirEdmonbury ,) fromthe Lord Treasurer 50 . o . o .

Earle Craven towards the visited poore 40 . o . o .

Rec’

fromEarle Craven and the rest of the justices, towards the v isited449 . 1 6. 1 1 .

poore (at various t imes)During the height of the disorder, the samemeasures appearto haVe been re

sorted to as in formerplagues, aswell to relieve the afflicted, as to prevent thespreading of the infect ion ; but the cases being nearly similar to those alreadygiven, it would be useless to repeat them. The appo intment of searchers,

shutt ing up

'

of infected houses, are noticed in the following entries:f . s. d .

o . o. 6.

— Aug‘. Paid the searchers for v iewing the corpse of goodwife

Phil lips,who dyed of the p lagueLaid outmore forgoodman Phil lips and his children, being shut

upp and visited

(Same date.) Laid out forLyllaLewis, inThree Crane- c ourt, b eing shut

upp of the plague ; and laid out forher, and forthe nurse and b urial

The disappearance of the disease 18 1ndicated by various entries in the

churchwardens accounts, relat ive to the expense of building the pest house ;

rent of ground on wh ich it stpod ; amount received for the sale of itsmaterials,&c . for instance :

f . s. d .

1666 — Pd the warders forwarding at those houseswh ic h were v 1s1ted 1n2 . 1 9 . 6 .

the year 1 665 ; and to-

Egabond’

swife for looking to the Pest - house

Paid foroatesand beanes for the horse at the Pest- house 7 . 9 .

“

6.

The horse here ment ioned was probab ly used to draw the parish dead

cart .”

The next entry shews the,

'

comp lete ext inct ion of the plague in the

parish , and the precaut ionswh ich were taken to prevent its recurrence.

1666, (July .)— Ordered, That the constab l es, 8m. do take an espec ial

account of all inmates, coming fromother parishes; and to take security that

they be not burdensome. And also to take care to prevent the spreading of

the

HISTORICAL , &c .—PURITANICAL INNOVATIONS.

the infect ion for the future, by a timely provision for themthat are,’

orhere

aftermay happen to be visited.

Dr. H eywood .

The following are extracts froma scarce tract, printed in 1641 , int itled,The Pet it ion and Articles exh ib ited against doctorHeywood, by the Parish

ioners of St . Giles in the Fields.

”The petit ioners (who weremerely a party

in the parish)stateiThat they live under the pastoral charge of oneWilliamHeywood, doctor

of d ivinity , who had lately pub l ished in sundry sermons, by himpreached inhis parish church,most damnable and erroneous doctrines, full of grosse popishtenets, and whilst he was house chaplain to the archb ishop of Canterbury , did

licence a book, int itled, ‘An Introduction to a devout L ife,’containing the like

pop ish doctrines, and tending to the upholding and advancing of the popish

rel igion ; whose pract ice in church d isc ipline is superstitious and idolatrous;manifested by strange and anticke jestures of cringings and bowings. In

whose parish church are set up crucifixes, and d ivers images of saints ; andl ikewise organs, with otherconfused musicke, h indering devot ion, are maintained to the great and needless charge of the parish .

”

And they , in conclusion, pray for hisremoval , andTheymay thereafter enjoy a faithful pastor, whomay dispence unto them

God’sword and sacraments in theirparish, without the superst it iousmixture of

human invent ions.

”

At

The artic les which fol low, c ontainv arious extrac ts from the doc tor

’

s book,

Heywood which c ertainlywasan in)udicib°°k°

ous pub l ication for those times.

The description of his superstit ious and

idolatrousmannerof administration of the

sacrament of the Lord’

s supperin the parishchurch o f St . Gy les aforesaid,

”is rather

ludicrous. In the ex terior ac ts of administering the sacrament ; fora preparation tothis duty , the said doc tor

, and three sub

move to the midd le of the Hu wayDOf

church, where they al l ducke 2471 2 72 “’m‘orship .

down towards the east ; then

they all advance to the beautiful gate,”

(the al tarscreen described in the account

o f the church,) where they stand ; then

every one b owing to the ground three

severall t imes as they goe, they enter intothe sanctumsanctorum,” (within the al tarrails,)in wh ich place they reade theirsecondservice ; and it is d ivided into three parts,

deacons, doe all goe fromthe body o f the

said church unto the west end, being therec loathed, acc ording to their order, some inscarlet , silke, and fine l innen. They then

b end theirc ourse towards the east, every one

at their first entrance saluting the c hurch

dore wi th lowcongies.

”— Then they all

which is ac ted by themall three, withc hange of place andmany duckings b eforethe al tar, wi th d ivers tones in their v oy ces,h igh and low, andmany strange ac tions bytheirhands, nowup, then down. This b eingended, the doc tor takes the cups fromthe

al tar, and del ivers themto one of the sub

M M 2 d eacons,

wood .

267

268

Reasons.

sr. GILES’S PARISH ;

At the hearing of the business relative , to these and other charges againstthe doctor, before a committee appointed for that

'

purpose, it is ,added , -I

Many other things, as bad as these, could have been proved but what was

then heard, appeared suffic ient cause.

for his removal wh ich , the pet it ionerstrust, that honourab le assemb ly , (the House of Commons,) .wil l cause to be

done

Espec ial ly , when those otherweighty afi'

airesofmore general concernmentare sett led ; and part icularly in regard, he (Dr. Heywood) doth still persist inhis oldmanner, not reforming any considerab le th ing z— his altar stands deck’

,t

cont inual ly , week dayes and all, andmewed up with in the screene and ray lesas before some of the parish ioners desiring to receive the sacrament in theirpewes, were denied it, and sent away without it ; and hee forceth all to comeup to the ray les still as b efore. In d ivers of his sermons, since the hearing of

th isbusinesse, hee hath,withmuch bittemesse, inveighed against the petit ioners,and at those that goe fromtheir owne parish church, although hee hath so

weake a voice, that hee cannot be heard by the one halfe of those that come tochurch . Al l which premises, well knowne and seriously considered, therecan no reason be given by any well affected protestant , to desire his con

tinuance .

It 13 worth wh ile, before proceeding to notice the consequences which fol

lowed th is comp laint, to observe with what ingenuity the petitioners havecontrived to pervert andmisrepresent facts. The beautiful screen, given byL ady Dud ley , being carved with figures of the apost les, is said to have con

tained crucifixes, and d ivers images of saints and the organ, wh ich hadbeen sanctioned by immemorial usag e, to be confused musicke, h indering

devot ion.

wards the people. He then takethmoneyout of his pocke t, and laieth it on the ground

for a t ime, and then he taketh it up and

ofl'

ereth it, being on his knees, with a verygreat bend ing of his body towards the al tar,

deacons, who placeth themupon a sidetab le ; thenthe doc torkneeleth to the al tar,but what he doth we know not, nor whathe meaneth by it . This

'

dumb e devotionbeing ended

,and the al tarmore ho ly , the

cups are returned to himin the samemanneras he gave them, which the doc torreceiveskneel ing, The bread b eing set upon

a p late, and some of the wine poured intoa b owle, all are covered with a fine l innenc loth, which c loth hath the corners laid inthe figure of a crosse . This being ended,he cont inues in his dumbe devo tion o n hisknees towards the east

, his backe being to

which gift is reserved in a bason one ly forthat use . In these dumb devo tions o f 'his

,

the organ p laysin a do leful lowtune .Whenthis is finished,

'

the doc torb egins the c ouse

cration ; wh ich b eing ended, the numberof beckiugsy bowings and bendings, by himand the sub - deac ons, before the al tar, areimpious, ungodly , and abominab le “

to’ be

hold .

”

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270

White Hart .The Beare.

The Catt.

ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

1663.—Pd Evans, the coroner, forviewing the body which died in the stab le

} 0 . 6 .

~ 8at theWh ite Hart

P"White, the coroner, forviewing the body of aman, which rece1ved

} o . 6 . 8 .

h is death’

swound at t y° Beare door, in Drury

- lane

1695.— P" forreturn of the c oroner

’s inquest, and forb il l of indic tment against

Prisc il la Owen, forb iting herh usband’

sfinger, wh ich oc casioned h is death

1644.— Paid to the coroner, forviewing of a body found drowned in Marly n

’s

0 ‘ 4. 0 .

p ond

l 695 .— Mary May cock is ment ioned to have been drowned this year in

Smith ’s Pond. An entry also occurs of payment to the coroner, “

'

for viewingthe body of a ch ild found drowned in Capp er

’sPond.

The three ponds herement ioned, were no doub t part of the premisesof therespective personswhose names they b ear; but their situat ion is not to be

exact ly ascertained. Maslyn’s Pond stood in a p lace called Masly n

’sFields, as

appears by an entry of the year 1656. Of Smith ’

s Pond, we know noth ingbut the name. Capper

’s Pond was probab ly situated where part of Bedford

square nowstands, as a vestryminute in 1708, d irec ts, posts, with spars, to

be set up, to range with the posts at Russell - street end, and the post at the

gate between Mr. Capper’s, and Mr. Hartles.

” Mr. Capper, who had

ameet ing- house in the parish (wh ich has b een noticed,)inust, according to th is

entry , have lived in Tottenham- court road, b etween Carol ine and Bedford

streets. A number of these ponds or p l eces of water, seems to have existed

here formerly . M rs. D oulman’sPond, ismentioned in an entry in the church

warden’s accounts in the year 1648 .

1640 . Pd the c oronerforhis fee for the escape o famurtherer,thejury}finding the partie to be slay ne l n ourp’

ish

1641 — ’

Rec o f thevintnerat the CattmQ ueene- street, forp’m1t ting of tipling

} 1 1 0 . 0 .

on the Lord 3 day1 644 Rec

’

of three poore men, fordrinking on the Sab bath daie at To t teno 4. o

ham- court

Rec’

of Mr. Hooper that he had o f defaul ters in a suspec ted bawd ie} 0 . 1 2 . 0 .

house, on the fast dayRec

’

of Mr. Richard Bigg, for a fault done by his servant John Roberts1 645.

—Rec’

of John Seagood, constab le, which he had o f a Frenchman, for} o

O p.)

0

oswearing three oath es

3

Rec’

of Mrs. Thunder,by the hands of Franc isPotter, for herb eing} 0 1 2 o

drunke, and swearing seaven oathes

MISCELLANEOUS.— SACRILEGE— ROBBERY.

1645.— P" to Lewis Dixon, surgeon, forsearch ing a ch ilde foundemurthered

in the street

1 646 - Rec of Mr. Hooker, forbrewing on a fast dayRec

’

o f fourmen, trav el l ing on the fast dayRec

’

of Mr.We therill, headboro,’ which he had of one foran oath

1648 - Rec fromthe c i t ty marshal , sent by the lord mayor, for one th The Forts.

was drunke at the Forts in ourparish1652 .

— Rec’

of Mr.Hux ley , and Mr.Morris, who were riding out of townmo . 1 1 . 0 .

sermon t ime on a fast day1 654.

— Received ofWill iamGlover, in Q ueen- street ; and of Isaac Thomas,}a barber, in Ho lborn, for trimming of bearde on the Lorde

’

s day

1 655.— Rec

’

of a.mayd taken in Mrs.Jackson’

s alehouse on the Sabbath day 6. 5. o .

Rec’

of a Scotchman drinking at Robert Owen’

s on the Sabbath o . 2 o

1648 .— Red fromIsabel Johnson, at y

° Cole-

yard, for drinking on the Sab

bath day1 656.

- Rec’

ofHen. Colewist inMarlyn Fields, forbreach of y° Sabbath

1658 .-Rec " of Joseph Piers, forrefusing to open his doores to have his house}searched on the L orde

’

s daie1659 . Entry o f one Brooke

’

s goods so ld forbreach of the Sabbath .

”

(The}sumno t set down)

These entriesafford no il l spec imen of the sort of liberty enjoyed during thereign of puritanism. To drink, ride, or almost walk, seemto have been

reckoned criminal , not onlyon the L ord ’s- day , but on the fast days appointed

by the then ru l ing powers though the latterweremere po l it ical regu lations,andmost ly set apart for invoking Heaven against the Royal cause.

The fo l lowing entry does not come stric t ly un der the above head, butmaybe admitted for its quaint and lud icrous character1648. Pd the 1 7th o f Oc t' to Justice Killaway

’

s c larke, for the deposi tions sf . 3. d.

oe s. Greene,midwife, and fower o therwomen, ab out the Earle of Mon

mouth ’

s cooke, for a bastard c hilde bego tten on the body of a scullerywench .

”

Sacrilege Robbery .

1648. Paid to two men, to carry the piece of the pipe of lead, which wasstolen o ff the v estry back to church . It was found inMrs. Doulman ’

s pond

Disburst about the theeves that stole the lead off the church porch 4. 4: o.

Th is robbery appears to have b een trifl ing to the one noticed below, andwhich happened about th irty years afterwards (

9 )1677.

(9) Fromthe London Gaze tte, fromJan. neat si lver flaggons embossed, doub le gil t ;

6 to Jan. 1 0 , 1675 Stolen Jan. 4, out of two si lver p lain c ups and covers, l ikewise

Dmnjpfimqf

the'

vestry of the parish church gil t ; one silverNorway cup embossed,withof St . Giles

’

sin the Fields, four out a cover, likewise gil t ; one bread chal iceof

272

Poll Money .

ST. GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

1677.— Laid out at the Old Bay ley when themen were tried with stole the

church p late, 13. 7 . Pd several expences when Thomas Pit ts wastaken, wh ich b ough t the church p late, 16. 2 . 10. 8 .

"

And'

p‘lat the Old Bay

ley when the aforesaid Thomas Pi t ts took his trial, 16 .

GivenElizabe th Meare, by ordero f vestry , be ing the party wh ichmadediscovery of the fellowswhich stole the p late

1 . 0 .

The next are entries as to robberies,mwhich the parish prosecuted, orwasotherwise concerned

1657 .— Paid to Mr. Rob ertPanton the elder, for transport ing of oneWil l iam

Connewag, a b oy e, to the Barb adoes ; and for charges about him1667

-P‘John Cromwell, being somuch rated upon the parish fora robberyo . 1 7. 4.

commit ted in th is county1690

— Pé on the account of th is parish, wh ich it had to raise and pay as its

share, assessed on it in satisfac tion of and upwards a certain person 59 . 1 0 . 0 .

was robbed of in the hundred of Ossul ton

PoliticalEvents, (gr1642 .

— Paid forfourbooks of NewOrders,made by the Convocation House

Paid for coppeing and ingrossinge 3 books of the names of the con

vic ted recusantswithin the parish, and 0'charges incident

Pd for coppying and ingrossing the names of those that tooke the late} 0 4

protestation1645.

— Paid for the COVENANT, and a frame to put it t in, to hang up in the

} 0 4church

3°

1647.— Paid for a board to hang on a dec laration ; also fora frame for the

penal statutes for the church'

1642 .— P‘to the ringerswhen hisMa

mcame fromSc otland

The next two entries regard political eventswh ich followed

1642 .

— P‘l forwriting several b ooks of the pol l money , for statute books,

}proc lamations, and ordersconcerning of the same, St e .

1645.- Paid to John Powel l , forwriting ourdivision of the assessment forSir

} 2 0

Thomas Fairfax

This assessment wasraised towards support ing the army underFairfax , sent

out to oppose the King’s Irish troops, ch iefly composed of Roman Catholics,

and who were comp letely routed, with great slaughter. The battle of Naseby ,

wh ich fol lowed soon after, destroyed the last remains of the Royal authority.

'

1 646 .

of silver, l ikewise gil t .— If any person can wardensp

of the aforesaid parish of St . G 1lesmake discovery of the aforesaid p late, and in the Fields, they shal l have forty poundsgive Speedy notice thereo f to Mr. Henry fortheir reward .

”— N. B . The church plateRogers, orMr.Wil l iamMatthews

,church was again stolen

,May 3, 1 804.

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274

Church bel lat 5 o

’

c lock

in themoming.

sfr. GILES’S. PAR IS H ;

1670 .— Ordered, that the sex ton, for the future, do cause a bell to b e rung

exac tly at the hourof 5 o’

c lock in themorning, and 9 at nigh t, and to have2 0 3. quarterly forsuc h duty J

Vestry .

Themanagement of this parish is intrusted to a vestry , wh ich is select by

prescription ; and consists of the rec tor, churchwardens, and th irty - six other

persons, being resident householders therein .

Its existence and powers are confirmed by ep iscopalmandate, 27 April 1628,wh ich contains the various regulations as to their

“

const itut ion, qual ifications,and government, and by which theywere empowered to doe and exerc ise all

thinges belonging to v estriemen, for the good and benefit'

of their church, and

parish .

”The nature of the parish business they had to direct , theirmode of

managing it , and other particu lars, are subsequently set forth in an answer to

the Bishop’smandate, dated 1685 . Vacanc ies, in case of death orremoval , are

filled up by the surviving or continuingmemb ers.

1687. Messrs. Hopes, the churchwardens, b eing requested to consult of

and propound to vestry , certain orders for the b etter governing of the vestrybusyness and meetings — a set of direct ions were drawn up and agreed

on, aswell for their own internal regulat ion, as for the conduct of the parish

officers in general . The following are entries as to the rules to be oh

served by the vestry itself : those as to the different officers, will be seen when

we come to treat of them.

1630.— Vestrymen,not attending on not ice left hy the clerk, orsending lawful

excuse, to forfeit 6s. 8 d .

1637.—Any vestryman b laspheming the holy name of God, cursing, swearing,

or otherwise indecent ly behaving h imself, to have, for the second fact, the

penalty of the lawes imposed upon him.

1664.— Every vestryman to subscrib e ten sh il lings towards buy ing a velvet

pall for the use of the poor; wh ich pall themselves and their fami l ies shouldbe int itled to have the use of at theirdeaths and such as refused to subscribe,to be denied the b enefit of the same.

1665 .—Rec

’of Mr. Drurye, for the use of the pall 103.

17 13.— Theminutes of a former vestry not having been signed at the time,

were confirmed at th is vestry .

1760 .-A protest of three vestrymen not permitted to be entered on the

minutes.

MISCELLANEOUS — ACCOUNT OF VESTRY.

1783.— A protest of Dr. Smythe, rector, not permitted to be entered on

theminutes.1785 .

—Mr. Charles Harrishaving ceased to be a householder, anotherwas

thisyear elected vestryman in his stead .

1806.— Opinion of vestry : That in future no gent leman become a vestry

man of th is parish, during the t ime of his serving the office of churchwarden

thereof.

The f ollowing are the names of some distinguished inhab itants, and thedateswhen they were appointed vestrymen

[Names of Vestrymenj1618. (Sept . — SirL ewis L ewknor. See L ewknor’s- lane.

SirWilliamSegar, Garter King at Arms, 8cc .

H amond Claxton, Esq . the donor of one of the fine paintedwindowsto the church .

1622 . (Aug. L awrenceWhitaker, a liberal contributor towardsbuilding the second church .

1628 (Ju ly —AbrahamSpeckart, Esq . a liberal benefactor to the parish ,to wh ich he gave ground to en large the church -

yard . For furtherpart icularsof the above, see account of rebui lding the church, 860 .

1661 (May—John Fotherley , Esq . the proprietor of the garden after

wards converted into King- street , Drury- lane.

1669 (Dec .— H enr3/ H oyord, son of the donor of the Princes- street

estate .

1669 . H ump hryWeld, Esq . See Art . Weld House.

166 WilliamShelton, Esq . the devisor of the Parker- lane estate, and

founderof the free - school there cal led afterhisname.

1682 — SirWilliamGeery , and SirClement Armiger, Knts. ; many yearsmagistrates forthe county of Midd lesex .

1692 .—The Earl of Thanet, of Thanet - house, Great Russell- street .

N . B . Chosen instead of SirThomas Kensey .

1699 .- Rickard By at, Esq . proprietor of the estate on the site of Dyot

street to wh ich latterhe gave name.

1781 . (May—Messrs. B enbrig

'

and Buckridge ; gave name to Bainb'

rigand Buckridge- streets, of which they were owners.

N N 2

276.

ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

[Sequestration of Vestrymenj16Q7.

— JolmL archen sequestred fromthe vestry unt i l such t ime' as heshou ld b e there cal led again. The cause is not stated .

169 1 . (April QQ .)— Sir Clement Amiger, a member of this vestry , b eingsuperannuated, and having lost his sight, and b eing incapab le of attendingthe vestryThomasOwen, gent. was elected a vestryman in his stead .

169 1 . (Nov . l Q.) —The last election wasmentioned,’

and Sir Clement Armiger th inking h imself prejudiced thereby, had desired the same might beannul led, wh ich was done.

During the Usurpation, it does not appear that any appointment of vestrymen took place. This is not extraordinary , when it is considered that

the then vestry were by the puritanshonoured with the t itle of the rector’

s

(Dr. Heywood)creatures, who had no doub t suffic ient difficulty in protect ingtheir paroch ial .

right s against the violence of those reformers ; but which theyappear to have done, except as to the spoliation of their church ornaments,and filling up vacancies in their own body. Upon the Restorat ion, their first

care was to fill up and perfect their numbers, and to re- e lec t a sexton, who,a fewyears b efore, had, as they conceived, been irregularly elected by theinfluence of theirobtrusive rector, Thomas Case.

Dec . 21 , 1681 ,— By the following entry in theminutes, it appears that some

of the inhab itants at th is t ime, were not quite satisfied with the number and

constitut ion of the vestry :Whereas Mr. John Morris, and Mr. Nathaniel Chandler, in b ehalf of

themselves, and divers other inhab itants, have requested of the vestry , that

some addition oral terationmay bemade to the present vestry the vestry upon

debate thereof, doe order, —That the said JohnMorrisand Nathaniel Chandler,and the rest, do give inwriting their desires touch ing the premises at the nextv estry , to be considered of. And it is further ordered, that there be a summonsfor t imely notice to Mr. Dean Sharpe, and likewise to all vestrymen, to desirethemto in eet at a t ime certain at the vestry house ; and that intimation begivenin the summons, of the occasion of thatmeeting.

”

WhetherN. B .

—There not being any prece removal , the said elec tion of ThomasOwendent in the minute- books o f the vestry was revoked and vacated, and SirC lementd ismissmg any memb er, but in case o f was reinstated as a vestryman.

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278“

ST.

"

GILES’S PARI S H ;

onthe inhab itants of St . Giles, inc luding that part of the parish then calledBloomsbury .

On the ] 3thDec . 1739, a committeewas appointed to treat with a committeeof athe y astry of St. George Bloomsbury , and ; to

; sett le about the scavenger’s

rates, and also as to considerable demandsmade on b ehalf of the latter parishon thejoint

'

stock long d iscussion, allmattersin d ifference were(for that t ime)amicab ly adjusted to the satisfact ion of both vestries ; and the

scavengers, and other, rates, were agreed .to extend over both parishes, as

usual .p

The construction of the several ac ts of Parliament, by virtue'

whereof the

parish of St. George.Bloomsbury was created ; —the p owers of each vestry ,wh ilst act ing in its own separate capacity — and the separate interest of each

parish (or rather portion of the old -district ,)were for nearly forty years the’

subjects of frequent discussion , which was not always carried on in the mostamicab lemanner; the ‘

object of themotherparish appearing to be, to keep thedaughter in l eading strings, whilst the latter, like otheryoung ladies, sighedfor emancipat ion.

3d Dec .

— A proposal was received fromthe vestry of St . George

Bloomsbury , forapartial separation of the two parishes, relat ive to the nightlywatch , ~which was referred to the joint vestry .

5 17th‘

D ec . (same year.)— Upon a proposition of St . George Bloomsbury ’s

v estry , in their separate capac ity , it was resolved, by St. Giles’

s vestry ,unanimously ;

That anymeeting of the vestries in separate capac ities, forthe purpose of

considering of any applicat ion to Parliament forpowers to rate the inhab itantsof theirparishes to any parochial rate, is contrary to the customs and usages

of these parishes, and to the intent andmeaning of the statutes,forestab l ishing

theirunited interests.

”

(Jan.—The vestry of B loomsbury having resolved to proceed in an

applicat ion to Parliament, to ob tain an act for estab lish ing a n ightly watchwith in that parish , it was by the vestry of St . Giles resolved, That any

attempt of a selec t vestry to separate two parishesunited by law, is dishonourab le and unjust ifiab le.

”Otherresolut ions of a l ike import , couched in strong

terms, were passed ; and a committee was appointed to oppose the intendedappl ication .

MISCELLANEOUSA- A'

CCOUNT OF VESTRY.

17th of Jul y , same year, the committee reported, “That upon an investigat ion

into the customs and usages of the two parishes, by a committee of the House

of Commons, it was resolved, thatmlevy ing the watch - rate, the two parishesshoul d b e considered as one parish, in likemanneras they are in collecting thethe poorand church rates. And that the b il l had b een altered accordingly .

”

The several acts for the support and management of the poor, and for

paving, c leansing,watching and light ing the two parishes, having removed alldoub ts as to the powers of the separate vestries, and the probability of their

”

interests being separated, and it appearing to vestry , that the estate in Parker’

sf

lane, with other estates and donat ions, were given to, or in trust for, this

parish , long before the passing of certain actsof Parliament, made 1n the 9th

and l oth years of thereign of Queen Anne, by virtue whereof the parish of

St . George B loomsbury was, (so farasrelates to spiritual purp oses only ,) takenout of and separated fromthe rest of th is parish, it wasresolved, That at thet imesof such devises and donat ions b eingmade, and at this time, the parishof St . Giles- in- the- fields, and that of St . George Bloomsbury , were and are

one parish or d istrict, for all temporal purposes and that the said devisesand donat ions were intended to be for the b enefit of the whole district,wh ich before the passing of the said acts, did formthe parish of St . Giles

‘in the fields.

” This vestry is therefore of opinion, and do hereby

declare,That all devises, donationsand bequestswhatsoever,made to or in trust for

the poor, or for any other paroch ial purposes of the parish of St . Giles- in. the

fields, previously to the passing of the said acts, were somade,'

and are forthe

benefit and advantage of this parish , and that of St . George Bloomsbury , insuch and the likemanneras if the said acts had not b een passed

— And

Resolved, That the said several estates, funds and donations, with therents, interest , dividendsand produce thereof, be in future under themanagement of the said joint vestry ; due caut ion being observed to prevent reversions and forfeitures.

”

The fol lowing aremiscel laneous en 1650—Paid to John Hewine, £. s

tries, as to the vestry .- The first, which is fordressing of meate, and for

0 0 0 Q

for a v estry dinner, in 1650 , rs curious, as bread beer and rost beafe for 6 6

shewmg the then comparative cheapness of the vestryprovisions

280

Church

ST. GILES’ S PARISH ;

Cunncrrwaannns.— Their duties, &c . are set forth in a visitation made

1498, wh ich enjoins themto b e “wel chosen every yere, aftyr themaner ofthe chirche,

”and to make “

every yere a ful and playne accompte of the

receptys and paymentys by themduring theirwardensh ip ; and also to render

compte at the tyme of chesyne otherwardeynes of the landys, tenementys,juellys and money longyng to holy chirche.

”For this purpose

“a ful and

clyere inventory of the goodys and landys”entrusted to their care, was to be

furnished by themto their successors, on their quitt ing office, that itmight b eseen that the chyrch goodyswere wel kept, and thatne londysnor tenementyswere let

'

to certayne persones, fiendys orkennesfolke, for lesse somme thanthey be worth yerly ,

”850 . They were also to see that good provysyon was

made for the prestyes and clarkys that ben retayned forthe chyrche, that none

of themattended in foul and unclenly surplesys,”and generally they were to

look to “ the duemayntenyng of Goddy’s servyce.

”

Among the additional duties and charge which have devolved on these

officers inmoremodern times, asmentioned in the regulations for th is parish,are the following1688 .

-The upper warden to disburse to the monthly officers all moniesordered to be d isbursed for parish prosecutions. Same year, their consent,

with that of vestry , declared necessary before the overseer can enter the

names of any newpensioners on the pension book ; and all giftmoney orderedto be paid over by the overseers to them, and they to account to parish forsame.

1697.— R was ordered, that

“no work should be done about the church

by direction of the churchwardens, amount ing to above 4os. without notice

given to at least three members of vestry .

”

The next entries are of a similarture

1662 — PaidMr.Bray forbrea

and drinke, and

modation forthethe times they hathe parish books, for the wholyear

“1662 Paid andexpended atMr.

Glover’s, forbreade and drinke 3

and wine, and o theraccommodations forthevestrymen,whenthe threemon ths taxwas sealed1 663.

— Paid at a d inner, whenlthey went to H ickeshall about

thehouse in the Bowl ing-

green

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Watchmen.

ST. GILES’ S PARI SH ;

In 1673, sir overseerswere'

appointed ; in 1678, seven ditto ‘in 1680 , eight

overseerswere“

appointed ; and in 1682 their numberwas increased to nine ;

they were still further increased to eleven in ' 1690 ; .reduced to nine agamin

1691 and in 1693 were onc emore raised to eleven.

“Theirnumberat presentis, for the two parishes, twelve.

1692 .— It was ordered, that the

’

ov erseers shouldmake a return of persons

chosen to serve such office for the next year, that only those properly q ual ifiedmight be elected . And,

'

1709 , it was forb idden to chuse any‘

tradesman toserve the office of ‘

ov erseer, who had not previously passed through those of

surv eyor'

of the highways, scavenger, or headborough .

HEADBOROUGHS AND CONSTABLES.— Tll e numb erof constab les forthisparish ,

in the year 1630, seems to have been only three ; it b eing ordered by vestry ,on account of the entertainment to b e given to b ishop Land,

'

at the consecra

t ion of the newchurch , that“ the three constab les, with their headboroughs,

b e appointed, and to bringwith them, every one, eight substant ialwardens, withb il ls and halberds, to keep the church gates and fences fromthe presse of

pe0p1e.

”

1706.— The foreman of the leet jury is desired to move the court , that

another constab le and two headboroughs b e added, for the first and second

d ivisions of the parish and the vestrymen of those d ivisions to set out those

d ivisions in three p arts. In 1708, the“NewViewof London”

states the

number of headboroughs for th is parish to be eight.

The following are some of the names of some of the persons holding the

office of h igh constab le, with the dates of their appointment1645 .

4 Mr. Bringhurst, (the firstment ioned in the books); 1660, RobertBessy 1662 , Mr. Nelson, on the resignation of Bessy hewas also in office in

1685 and 1687 ; 1688, Mr. Harris ; 1692, Mr. Lynne ; and 1695 and 1700,Mr. Nathaniel Chandl er.

WATc EN.- These appear to have been formerly armed with halberds,

instead of staves, and rattles, as per the following entry—P‘l

and given to Lyn, and two watchmen, in consideration 58. s. d .

of their paines, and the breaking of ijhalberts, in taking the two 1 . 4. O.

drunkards and swearers y p‘1

1673.—D ivers regulat ionsweremade this year about the numb er and pay

of watchmen, and about accounting to the parish for any overp lus. The

same

MISCELLANEOUS.4—'

PARISH .

'

OFFICERS.

same yearfifteen walking, "

and fiv e stand ing watchm'

en,-=were ordered for the

the d ivision of the '

old town only.

1684.— The standingwatchmen ordered to attend, and assist with the engine,

at all fires and to convey the engine home again they . beingmost proper,as always ready .

” — See .more under head Watch ing.

BEAD LES .- Tlie prin c ipal object of the b eadl es at tent ion in th is parish in

formert imeswas, to not ice and report the introduct ion of the numerousstrangepo

'

or, :who flocked fromIre land and other_countries h ither. Thiswill appear

fromthe fo l lowing entries :

1637.—Ordered, that the beadles do present every Sunday fortnight, the

names of all new comers, undersitters, inmates, divided tenements, persons t hat have fami l ies in cel lars, and other abuses— To be d ismissed forneglec t .

—To bring into vestry» everymonth, the names '

of such persons as have

watched'

ev ery night themonth b efore and al so of such ashavemade default .And to bring in the names of the sev ’

rall fisons they receivemonies fromquarterly ,

‘

that due ward ingmay be kept .Butmore as to the dut ies and office of bead le, and also as to the appointment

of an assistant beadl e, wi l l. be seen in the account of the poor.

1749 .-Itwas ordered, that nomore than 3 l . 15 8 . should b e allowed yearly

for the b eadl e’s hat, coat and stockings.

SExrou .—The firstment ion of the sexton, by name, in ‘

the exist ingparishrecords, is during the plague year, 1648 ; but itwasof all offices one of themostantient, and no doubt existed immemorially in the parish .

1670 .— The fo l lowing curious agreement wasmade, as to the sexton’

s resr

dence next the c hurchyard, th is year ; viz . The sexton having petit ionedthat the l ightsmade by himinto the churchyard fromhis additional build ingto his dwel l ing house, he al lowed to remain (during p leasure on ly it isagreed

to, on condit ion that he give, asan acknowledgement to the rectorand churchwardens, yearly , on the Tuesday se

’

nnight afterEaster, twogood f at cap ons,ready dress

’d .

1683.— A part icular account was ordered to bemade of the profits of the

sexton ’sp lace, and they were est imated at 17s. 6d. perannum.

Several

payments were in consequence ordered out of hismoney, to the amount of55 l. perannum; and four additional pewopeners to be kept fromit .

O o 2 PARISH

Beadles.

Sexton.

284:

Parish’

Clerk.

Vestry Clerk.

Scav engers.

ST. GILES’S PAR I S H ;

PARISH CLERK, —1623 .—James Rob inson, parish clerk, was th is year

chosen c lerk of the works in bui lding the newchurch . Hisdut iesas such are

specified in the vestry minute, 1638 .— Among otherregulat ions,

'

c lerk was

not to take bond'

of any fison orfisons for discharge of the parish, withoutacquainting the churchwardens therewith ; nor to col lect his wages in vestry ,but to go to the sev

‘l houses of the fiisshioners to receive same, unless theyplease to pay it him.

VESTRY CLERK.—The t ime of the first appointment of a vestry clerk for this

parish seems uncertain. An order in vestry , in 1630, d irects the- vestrymento be fined for non - attendance, if duly summoned by the cl erk but it is

not said, whether the parish or vestry clerk ismeant. Perhaps there was not

then any regularappointment .Anno 1640 .

— The sumof 8 s. 6d . is entered as paid to “Mr. Smyth, thescrivenor, forwriting some parish business.

”And as wil l b e seen by

‘

what

follows, it is probab le paymentswere only made at first for business done.

1657.— No vestry c lerk appointed — Mr. Rob inson, the parish c lerk,

“

ismentioned this year as being paid for copying of bonds and indentures. Entriesforwriting parish business also occur afterwards.

1659 .— Mr. Chomley is mentioned as being paid for copy ing schedules for

the parish , writ ing a copy of the poor’

s book, and other parish business this

year.

1666 — Mr. Stanislaus Bowes. He is first ment ioned as b eing paid for

writ ing the parish business, but afterwards signs himself vestry clerk.

”

N .B .— There have succeeded to this situat ion eight gentlemen, fromthe

death of Mr. Bowes to the present t ime.

Sunv nrons or HIGHWAYS.— 16541.— Nine personswere chosen as surveyors

for the h ighways of Gy les- in- the- Fields, according to the dire'

éon of an

ordinancemade by his highness the L ord Protector, and his councell .”

"

' SCAVENGERS, &c .— 1671 .

—Ordered, that a committee, with a scavenger of

each division of the parish, do attend the right honourab leWill iamearl of

Craven,

ClericusSacerdotis.- Thisoffic e isvery b emen of letters, and to teach school in the

antient . By the old constitutions a parish parish ; and were some times elec ted by the

c lerkwasto take an oath to the parish priest ; parishioners, on whose contributions theyand was sometimes maintained as amenial were to l ive.

—Kennet .servant to the v icar. They were formerly to

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Pews,Vaults,& c.

ST.

’

GILES’

S PAR I SH ;

already given — N .B .

'

It wasslast repaired and furnished in 1820, at an expence

of

Pews, VAU'

L'

rs, &c .— 1673 and 1676.

—Vestrymade two’

ordersof these dat es,as to the

'

providing of a minister’

to Supply'

the p lace constantly, (query ,~ the

lectureship ?) in order to induce the gentry ; who ab sented themselves fromchurch , to

'

return'

to their'

pews to:the enlarging and improving of

the galleries, for theirbetter accommodat ion. Variousentries’

occur-after'

this

perib'

d , of paymentsforpews'

let to‘

great people.

‘

As to the rector’s p ews, it was ordered, 1675 , f

‘That the benefit of the

pewS‘

in‘

themiddle ‘

isle'

o’

f the church, fromthe step~

or rise of the pulpit tothe chancel, and of the burialswith in oruh der the same, should be given to

‘

as

‘

long“

as heshould cont inue rector.” Th is orderwas in 1691,repeated in favourof his successor, Dr; Scott and vestry ordered , that

the c lerk and Sexton'

should account to Dr. Scott’swidow,

'

forthe pews andfuneralsgivent o the rector ; apparently recording the profits thereof as a giftemanating fromthem,

'

and continuab le only during p leasure. Th is'

customgave rrse to a dispute aft erwards, inthe

'

case of Dr. Baker, when fiv e vestrymen'

protested a‘

gair‘

ist it, for the following reasons l st, Because of righ t theydon

’t belong

‘

to the rector 2d, Because vestry , b eing select, had no right to

give themaway ; and, 3d, Because those revenueswere applicab le to church

purposes on ly , and could not by order of vestry be d iverted to any other use.

-Wemay presume, however, that th is protest had no effect , froman order of

vestry made the following year— 7That on rebui lding St . Giles

’s

'

church, Dr. Baker should have the samepews and privileges as in the old church ; and

'

also'

the like in‘

Bloomsburychurch, unt il the old one be rebuilt and also to be satisfied by the parish out

of the pews or otherwise, in Bloomsbury church, forhis loss of burials in thechancel, wh i lst the old church isrebuild ing.

” And 1734, on the’

newchurch

being bui lt, it was further ordered, That on account of part of the ground

which did belong to the rectbr, in the old church ,‘

and of same‘

being left out

in the newone, that part~

of the vaultsnext the east end , and extendingto theoutside of the second p illarwestward, Shoul d be apport ioned off, at the cost of

the rector, for the property of himand his successors.”CHURCH Goons.

- 1622 .— Upon request of the lady Dudl ey , that special care

should be had fromt ime to t ime by the vestry , of t he church goodsgiven forholy

MISCELLANEOUS— CHURCH GOODS, 8m.

holy uses, and most part whereofwere the said lady’s gift, so that theymight

be preserved to future ages, it was ordered, that the churchwardens should

thenceforward be bound to two of the ve'

stry, in a suffic ient sum, with a con‘

dit ion to the said bond annexed , for the safe and decent keeping of the church

goods, not putting themto any common use ,and for theirre delivery without

wilful waste, spoyle or loss, into the vestry of the church, upon reasonab le

request to themfor that purpose.

1640 .— P‘ fora newcojin (z. e. chest for the church,

1663.-P‘I

to George Durant, forg ilding the hourglasse and branch, 18 s.

The use of the hourglassmthe pulp it ,was cont inued later than th isperiod ,as an entry occurs in 1670, of a charge for one houre glass for the pulpitt,

and an‘ iron frame for the same to stand The circumstance of gild ing

the hourglass is curious.—In the inventory of church goods th is year, ismentioned, Two in

struments of parchment concerning the dutyes of , the church the one dated

1527, the otherdated 24th August

It is to be regretted that both these documents are lost, as they would,morepart icularly the earliest dated one, have acquainted uswithmany th ings conc erning the original hosp ital church .

1676.—A newpu lp it ordered to be built this yearwith all possib le expe

dition.

l 729.—A newclockwasset up on the church steeple, the expence of wh ich ,

with“

fixing, was 102 . 5 3. The former church c lock had been set up in

1686.

1698 .-The sumo f 166. M s. 1 d . was coll ected towardsrepairing the

organ ; and‘

the celebrated Smith, who had bui lt it, o ffering comp lete lyto set it to rights for£2 00, was emp loyed, and finished the same this year,—N , B . Th is is the present organ .

CH URCHWORSHIP.— 1698 .

—Messrs. Tate and Brady’s newversion of the

Psalms, recommended to the use of the p arish, by the rectorand vestry ._

, 4

1709 .f A perpetual fund agreed to be sett led forread ing daily prayers atchurch ; and the curates to be paid 58. 20

, per annpmfor that service.

1663.— Order of vestry as to the care andd isposal of the sacramentmoney .

1670.— Ordered, that for the f uture Tent, be provided for the sacrament .

1707 .— Order as to lending the churchsacramental p late toBloomsbury and

Queen- street chapels.

CIIURCHYARD .

288 ST . GILES ’

S PARI SH}

CHIJ'

RCHYARD .—Pd for digging and leve lling the churc

yard, cutt ing grass,17 ° 6°

1654.— Fora lock to the blewgate of the churchyard O. 6. 10.

1664.—A committee of the vestry desired to treat with the present tenant

for a pcell of ground bounding v pon y

°

churchyard of St . Giles’

s, upon the

south, for a burial ground .

”

3. d .

1665 .—P" for fensing the newchurchyard, the sume of

Mr. Hicks,”

the bricklayer, for‘worke done aboughte 1 . 3 O

the new churchyard

1666 — Paid formowing the churchyard

1667. To sir Richard Stiddolph , for the freehold of th

ground called the newchurchyard

.

1669.—P

" Mr. Bayley , bricklayer, fer build ing 54“ 6. 0.

wall

1669 .-P‘IMr. Brown, the gardiner, forspoyle of his goodswhe 1 . 1 . 0 .

the wall was built

1670.— Ordered, that the drawing up of an order, between sir Richard

Stiddolph and the parish ioners, concerning the newchurchyard wall, be re

ferred to the considerat ion of a part of the vestry .

The newchurchyard herementioned,was the sl ip of ground purchased, asde.

scribed, fromsirRichard Stiddolph , and ofwh ich not ice hasbeen before taken.

1775 . Mr. Henry Broadhead, vestryman, (and ownerof the estate in Brown’s

gardens,) having formerly made several encroachments on the churchyard

wal l , by striking out l ights, 850 . b eing waited on for an acknowledgement,proposed to give the parish a little p iece of ground adjoining the churchyard,

the latter being too small.1777 . (Febiy .)— In a report relat ive to encroachments on thewal l of the

churchyard, the committee was of op inion, that if a line was drawn fromtheN.W. cornerof the angularwal l upon the east side of the churchyard , whereinsome workshops had been erected, to a projected point of thewal l on

‘

the west

side, at the back or south part of the vestry - room, the ground granted by sir.

Richard Stiddolph, would formthat part of the churchyard southwards of thesaid l ine, towardswhat was Browne’

sGardens, th en NewCompton - street .

N .B .—The gatemade in 1681 into Cock and Pye Fields, was then called

Brown’

sGardens Gate.

”

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ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

were allowed to .be buried in the church ; but those uncofi‘ined could only be

interred in the churchyard .

1666 — Put to the question, and carried in t he affirmative, that the groundof the church and churchyard, is at :the - disposal of the churchwardens for

graves. And 1668, the graves-making ordered to be solely under their direc

t ion,‘reserving to the doctor his fees and righ ts, together with the time of

burials:1703.

—No tombstone to be set up in the churchyard, but by orderof vestry .

Extra Chap els.

1698 — Ordered , that .tha churchwardens. do repairwhat damagewasdone to the chapel on Tuesday last ; by ,

-the v iolent wind, and a stack of

chimneyswh ich fel l upon the same.

The intent ion of , bui lding a new chapel of , ease forthe parish, is.first men

tioned in 1693, but the scite of it, aswill be , seen by thee ntrieswh ich follow,was not fixed on for some years.l 693.

— Ordered, to inquire of the gentry in ,L incoln

’

s- inn fields, which of

themwill take pews, in case a chappell should be erec ted inthefineighbourhood

of L incoln’

sfinn fields, and. report to bemade to t he next vestry .

1705 .— Personsto ,be appointed to go fromhouse to house, to take subscrip

t ions for a newchapel and schoolhouse, to be ,built on ground near Hart

street, ,giv en by lady Russell .

11706.—Whereas it is agreed by vestry, that the ground nowbelonging to

Mr.Fletcher, in Parker’s- lane, and to Mr. Cooper, on thenorth side of his

houses in Great Queen - street, is a very convenient place for erecting a nd

bui ld ing anewchapel for the p arish ; It is ordered, that .a committee be appointed to .treat, contrac t and agree, .

for, p

urchasing t he f r‘eehold

of the said ground for the use aforesaid ; and also, that the]

said committeehave power to . treat with such - other persons as they shal l think convenient,for.erecting or. taking a chappell in any other..conv enient place — the . parishto rat ify any contracts,

The treaty, for th is ground was broken Off, in c onsequence of the rector

(dean Haley)refusing his . consent ; but he , agreed to admit . suchp erson as

vestry should chuse, to bemorning.preacherat Bloomsbury chapel ; and one of

two candidates proposed by vestry , .was

.accordingly admitted by himto that

MISCELLANEOUS—; PARISH BOUNDARIES.

1728.-

"

A complaintwasmadethis yearof 14s: 6 d:sacramentmoney, collected at Mr. Cap

‘

per’smeet ing,

’

being the poor'

; and resolut ions

to pre’

vent'

the’

l ike’

in futurewere entered’

into by vestry .

1731 . made '

of taking the French'

chapel

a tabernac le, for'

c elebrat ing divine worsh ip‘in forthe the

rebuilding of the church ;

It appears that thereWas an intention several yearspreviously‘

to'irebuildiugSt . Giles

’s church in 1731, to erect a newchurch in Queen in 1712;

the answer'

of the churchwardens to!the comrn‘

is’siOners’

under'

th e’

act of Anne,recommends

That aproperplace for‘

the‘

site of a new'

parish‘

church, and ahouse ‘for

aminister,’would be at the great house in Great Qiieenistreet,‘ commonly called

by the name of the L and Bank.

— Josep‘

h Réad,’

having -commenced several suits“

on the parish account,against eonuentic

'

lesand vnlawful‘

assemb lys, fisuant'

to sev'

a’

ll orders -

‘

of ses

sions,”&c. is ordered to be paid his

'

reasonab le expences

The following extracts contain - varioi1s acts and '

orders of'

vestr‘

y, 'as'

wto

numerous“

objec ts o f paroch ial management . We shall -arrang‘

e‘

tthemunder

theirrespective h'

eads.

’

The first‘

respects the annual

Perambulatz’ons, B oundaries, as .

1642 .— Spent

lon the perambulation ‘

day, forbread'

and cheese and beere; for

themeanersort; the boyes and’

e e. A150 forpoynts‘fo‘

r- the boyes,‘

and

laying open the passages and afterwards it collat ion for the auncient imbab i - ttants that went

'

in’

the procession 18 .

1650 .— P" at theMaidenhead in charges

otheranc ientsTh emoney expended

-

ou these perambulations,whichwas apparently at firstvery moderate, cont inued to increase afterwards somuch , that vestry found itnecessary to l imit the expence . Accordingly an orderwasmade 1m1678 . That the churchwardens do spend nomore than a perame

bulation.

” And itwas further, 1n the year 1705,ordered, That the provisionfor the boyes be as usuall ; but the dinner, afterthe boyes areserved, to beleft off.

Some of the oceasional disputes, wh ich happened formerly - respecting. the

parish boundaries,’

are noticed in’

the fo l lowing entries

P P 2

Porambalation, &c .

ST .

'

GILES’S PAR I SH ;

The boundary line between St . Gi les’s and St . Clement Danesparishes,wh ich

extended fromthe extremity of Oldwick C lose, or back of Princes street,behind Portugal - street, and finished with the new build ings at L inco ln

’

s Inn,

commonly called L incoln’s Inn New Square ; appears to have been a subject

of contention forseveral years. 1The entries respecting it are not of an earl ier

date than the t ime when building generally commenced on the site ; wh ich

seems to infer, as indeed ismost probab le, that that c ircumstance in a great

measure gave rise to thedisagreement .

1693 — Aug. 15 - Ordered by vestry , that boundary stones be fixed 1n al l

proper p laces, particularly in L incoln ’s- Inn fie lds, against St . C lements

parish And that a committee b e appointed tomeet the churchwardens of thatparish, 'about plac ing boundary stones at Portugal - street end, adjoining the

newbuildings in L inco ln’s- Inn fields.

Th ismeeting did not end satisfac torily , and a contest, which appears to have

lasted ten y ears, was the consequence. During th is interval a trial took place

between the two parishes, in wh ich we may presume St . Giles’s lost, froma subsequent vestry order to the following effect

1703— Ja’

riry l— Ordered that amotion bemade for a new trial between

St . Giles and St . C lements, about the houses at the east end of Portugal row.

Preparatory to this second trial, Capt . Rathbone was directed to

.

make a

p lan of the ground and houses in Portugal row, fromthe west end to

L incoln ’s- Inne and Mr. Hicks, the parish surveyor, to measure

.Mr.

Griffiths’s ground

”

(called Grifiith Field), and to drawmaps of the sameand Mr. Crossfield to pay him7 s. 6d . for so doing.

” And a committee wasfurtherappointed to viewthe said houses. We are not acquainted with theresult of theirproceedings.

1703.— Ordered, that a committee be appointed to viewthe boundary stone,

lately set'

up by St . Pancras, and alsothe housesat the upper end of Kingsgatestreet .

Th is seems to have beenmerely a precautionarymeasure, and not followedby any dispute between the parishes.

Fire Eng ine, (St .

The antient acts forpaving themain street of St . Giles’s have been slight ly

ment ioned . The fol lowing are additional notices on the subject :As

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ST. GILES ’

S. PAR I SH ;

the parishWas liab le to be ind icted fornot keeping up ; but notwithstanding

we find the following not ice a fewyears afterwards

1647.—P" .and geven to Mr. ,Snape, a counsellor, tomake a

mot ion and to plead at the King’s Bench, to quash 4 indict

ments agst ‘

the hish for not repairing the highwayes se. 1 also

paid Mr. Southwell for taking off

‘

the issues of se. 6, and a0° 0 °

mark, estreated .1n the Checquer agst the pish ; and fora ge

neral warrant underbaron Atkinshishand fordischarge of the

court , 59 . 3, :in all

Andm165 1 a rate was ordered to bemade forraising “a sumfor the tak

ing off of sevr"1ssues charged upon the upper bench, fordefault of notmending

the publ ic highwayes leading to the c ity of London .

The following p laces in the parish were paved at the periodsmentionedunder

1681 .— H og - lane.

— The parish was indicted the preceding year, fornot

repairing a certain lane, called Hog- lane, wh ich never was repaired by the

parish,”

and defended the action, but appears to have been afterwards ob liged

to pave it. The inhab itants of Cock and Pye'

Fields were allowed the

same year, to gravel, at theirown expence, a causeway to come to church ,”

wh ich proves that place to have been‘

th’

en unpaved ; inwh ich state it probab lyremained until the Seven D ialswere built .

1698.— Mr. Tuckerwas ordered to be paid his b ill,

“ forpavingwork done

at the end of Denmark - street ;”and the next yeara contract wasmade to keep

otheradjoining streets in repair, at 38. 30 perannum.

1700 .—The broad space before the entrances

’

to Tottenham- court road and

Oxford -road were first ordered to be paved this year, by the description of

the road by the Pound, fromthe paving belonging to the corner house, the

Crowne, to the two boundary posts.

” An agreement was also entered into at

thesame t ime, b etween St . G iles and St._Pahcras, as to t he future repair‘

of

Tottenham- court road ; such agreement, if any of the said way shouldcome thereafter to be paved, to be void .

” And

1704.—A committee was appointed, to inquire the price of stone and other

materials, for the pav ing of Tottenham—court road , as also to agree withworkmen, &c . And

1705 .— The same was began by Messrs. Tucker and L eonard, whowere

to be allowed 8 8. per ton for the paving stones, 2 s. per load forgravel, 3d.

per

MISCELLANEOUS— PAVING— CLEANSING—WATOHING.

peryard for paving, 9 d . per load for carry ing away the dirt'

and'

dung fromthe Pound, and for level ling the ground and digging thesewer:

. In 1744, Thomas Leapermade a proposal to the parish,wh ich was ac

cepted, to. pave the parish for 2 1 years at'

38. 22 per annum. The places to

be paved and kept in repair are named as follows : In Tottenham- court road,

and at the Pound before St . Giles’s church , and the

‘

round house; b efore

the almshouses before the watchhousein Holborn; and before thetwo sides

of the'

church in Bloomsbury .

”

N .B .- The first appointment of commissioners forpavingwas in 1771 .

CLEANsmG.- ; Scavengers are spoken of as part of the parish

.

estab lishmentas early as 1638, but no act of Parliament forregularly c leansingit appears tohave b een ob tained unt il after the Restorat ion, when we find the followingentry relative to it in the churchwardens accounts

1661 .— Pd to the messengers in the House of L ords, when

we pet it ioned Parliament foran act forc leansing the streets, 38. 1 . 8s.

and for print ing the petit ionThe part ial c leanings, orremoval of nuisances frompart icular parts of the

parish ,which took p lace before, seemfroman entry before quoted to have beendirected by spec ial orders fromgovernment ; the landlord of the

‘

Black Bearein Black Beare-

yard being required in 1639 to open and c leanse a’

well in'

the

street at the B lack Bear-

yard,”ac cording to an orderfromthe Privy Council.”

Agreements and regulations as to c leansing o ther places occuras follows,viz . the Old Town div ision in

'

1671—“All the streets, lanes, alleys, &c .within

the parish, nowbuilt and finished, orhereafter to'

be -buil t and finished,”in

1679 ; and again the agreement already noticed to the like purport"with

'

sir

Thomas Roe i1i' 1687’

; and in

1689— It is ordered, that John Reynolds, vestry clerk, do get a petit ion

preferred to Parliament , ou

'

behalf of the parish, to revive'

that part of the

statute,made in the'

13 and'

14 Car. II, which relates"

to the c leansing of thestreets ; and that he followup said petition.f See underhead SCAVENGERS.

IWATCHING.—~The “

c ityWatch”ismentidned ‘

as an antient estab lishment,but the watph for the suburbs seems

'

to'

have takenplacémuch'

latet,’

and per

haps

In 1 71 0 , the answer of the rec tor, tomaintain a paved highway fromSt.Giles’schurchwardens

, to the commissioners Pound towards Hampstead, which costs at

for building the fifty new churches, states, least 80 perannum.

”

as to thisstreet, That the parish isob l iged

Cleansing.

Watching.

ST . GILES ’S PAR ISH ;

haps is not to betraced, as a regular th ing, further back than the reign of

El izabeth, in whose 28th year (1586) it was'

resolved, “ That for the b etter

taking up‘

of allmasterless and susp ic iouspersons, strongwatches shoul d be'

set

in every town and place about L ondon, in the c ity and l iberties ofWestminster,and in the HUNDRED or OSSUL TON.

”The personswatch ing were to be ab le

‘

men, ‘

well armed, and furnished‘

with suffic ient armour and weapons. Of the

nature of their costume at th is t ime, and afterwards, some hintshave b een givenunder the head “WATCHMEN .

” And it further appears, by an act of common council, 4 Anne that the use of the halbert instead of the stafi;was c

'

ont inued t i l l that late period, it b eing then directed, That a suffic ient

watch should be kept in the c ity and l ibert ies, withmen of strong and ab le

bodies, provided with candles and lanthorns, and sufficiently armed withhalberts.

The following are additional particul ars to those before given, as to the

appointment of watchmen in this parish1637.

— Ordered byv estry ,“That duewarding(watching)b e kept throughout

the parish , by“

one ormore suffic ient person orpersons, in the nature‘

of

a provost marshal] , according to the order of the lords of his Maj“ most

honble privy counc il .”

1672 .— An order of vestry of th is year directsfl teen watchmen to be h ired

to watch every night in the year and the following yearit is further ordered,for thatwhereasof latemany bowseshave been in the night t ime broken open

and robb ed, by neglec t of due watches kep t .” That the constab les and

headboroughs do bring a just account of all personswho pay forwatch ing ;and likewise the namesof persons fitt ing to watch , to prevent suchmisch ief infuture.

”And in pursuance of this order, towards the c lose of the same year,

the following heads of an agreement, as to th is subject, b etween the high

constab le and vestry , appearamong theminutes, v iz .

Thomas Harris, h igh constab le of the Old Town d ivision , agreeswith

Thomas Forth, amember of vestry , with vestry ’s consent, to provide and h ire

fifteenmen to watch every n ight for one year; to be set and stand at'

such

places, with in the said d ivision, as should be appo inted, and to'

pay to themtheirrespective salaries of 58. 10 a year a piece, and 10s. a piece in lieu of

candles ; and to pay to the b eadles of the same d ivision the salary of 60,

for one year, in such proport ion to each as shal l be agreed on and to appo int

five othermen, every night for one year, to be a guard towatch,'

towalk with

the

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Engines.

ST . GILES’S PARISH ;

In a subsequent entry , dated 1709,'it is ordered

That 53. 40 a year be app l ied for lamp s.

”

FIREENGINES, &c .— An order for the

'

churchwardens to provide an engine,

buckets and hooks, to help the inhab itants of th is parish when any danger

should happen by fire,” first occurs in the year1639.

In 1671 .— An al lowance of 10 3. a year ismade to John Pollard, one of the

bead les for looking after the engine and

In‘

168 1 .— The stand ing watchmen

'

of the parish are ordered to attend with

the same at fires, and to give assistance, &c . ; and

1697. The old engine (the same having been damaged at the fire atWh itehal l) is ordered to b e sold to the best advantage, and a new engine to

be provided in l ieu thoreof, for the use of the parish .

”

In 1708 .— Fire pluggs are ordered to be put up in the parish,

“agreeably to

the late act of parl iament and

In 1731.- It is recommended to Mr. Princock, to place fire cocks in the

roomof fire plugs, in such places in the great streets as should be thoughtt o er.

”

p PPoor.

In the remote t imes of its hospital, St . Giles’s parish contained no greater

a proport ion of paupers than other parishes of a similar extent and popu lat ion.

The introduction of Irish ,mend icants, and otherpoor of that descrip tion, for

wh ich it afterwards became so noted, is not to b e traced farther back than

the reign ofElizabeth, in whose time, says Strype, (Ed . Stowe’s Survey , 17QO,)

when L ondon began to increase in populousness, there was observed to be

a confluence here out of the countries, of such persons aswere of the poorer

sorts of trades and occupations ; who, because they could not exercise themwith in the jurisdict ion of the c ity , followed themwith in the suburbs, therefore

the queen, aswell as forb idd ing the furthererection of newbuildings, ordered

all personswith in threemi les of any of the gates of the c ity , to forbear fromletting or sett ing, or suffering any more than one fami ly only to be placed in

any one house.

”

Th isis furtherset forth by proclamation, dated 1585, wh ich states the reason

of

lanthorns b efore churches,was in existence of so d . stated to be paid for two new

h owev er long prior to the above date . In lanthorns to bang over St .Michael’s al lythe churchwardens accounts o f St .Micbae l, gate, and in the C loister.in Cornhil l, underthe year 1 557, isan entry

MISCELLANEOUS— ACCOUNT OF POOR.

of the prohib ition to be That thereby greatmultitudesof peoplewere broughtto inhab it in smal l rooms; whereof a great part were seen very poor, yea, such.

asmust l ive by begging orworsemeans and they heaped up together in one

house or smal l tenement ; wherefore, for offences of th is sort, name ly of in

crease ofmany indwel lers, oras they be commonly called inmatesorundersitters,wh ich had been sufferedWith in the last seven years, the proper officers were

to see the same redrest .To this

'

description of persons resort ing fromthe country to town, a second

proc lamation issued soon afterwards, and calculated expressly for the suburbs,

adds;

That it was found in and about the city of L ondon, and in parts in and

about hermajesty ’

s court, that there did haunt and repaira greatmul titude of

wandering persons, many of whomweremen fromIreland, with whomwerealso‘many others like vagrants and persons of that nat ion ; many of whomhaunted about the court under pretence of suits, &c . and who, mixedwith disbanded soldiers fromthe LowCountries, and others imposters, didinfest the c ity by day ascommon beggars, or did commit at night robberies andoutrages

—wh ich were ordered as before to be suppressed.When the language of these proc lamat ions is compared with extracts fromthe parish books, wh ich we shal l quote ; and when it is considered that St .

Giles’s stood in the immediate vic inity of the court , being then separated from

itmerely by a fewfields, it will easi ly be seen that itmust have been in a par

ticularmannerannoyed by the sort of persons described. The fact however is

put beyond doub t by what is af terwards stated in the same authorBy the care of Fleetwood, the recorder, and other the magistrates,

act ing under these proc lamat ions, there were fewwh o rogues in gaol ; andWestminster and the Dutchy, ST. GILES’

S, H igh H olborn, St . John - street,

and Isl ington, great harboursf or such misdemeaned p ersons, were never sowel l or quiet, for rogue normasterlessman dared now once appear in those

The terms rogue and beggar, appear

at this time to have been c onsidered sy no

u lmous, how j ust ly wil l be seen by the fo l

lowing anecdo te Upon occasion of a

great parc e l of rogues encompassing the

Queen,”

(Elizabeth,) while riding out one

These

evening towards Isl ington, to take the air,

(which seemed '

to put her to into some disturbance,) no tice was given to Flee twood,the recorder, who did that night send out

warrants into those q uarters, and intoWestminsterand the Dutchy ; and in the morn

Q Q Q ing

ST. GILES ’S PAR I SH ;

'Thesemeasures appear, fromsubsequent orders, to have on ly stopped the.

evil for a. t ime, .as it is elsewhere added

But such flecking there was. neverthe less, and such numbers of peop le, and ,

they for themost part . id le vagrant persons, harbouring themsel ves and fil ling,

the houses with inmates, that James I was ob liged, in the 1st of his reign, to,

issue his proc lamat ion also against inmates, and multitudes of dwel lers in

straight rooms and places in and ab out the c ity of L ondon ; as well as for

raising and pul ling down certain newly erec ted dwell ings,”Sec .We see here the origin of the sett lement of a numerous poorin St . Giles’s,

and the cause ; viz . its vic inity to the court , wh ichmade it a convenient resi

dence forpersons pretend ing to have suits there ; and which was also , of itse lf

the greatmagnet of attract ion, with strangers. We find l ikewise the descfip

tion of poor to have been exactly such as has infested the parish ever since, viz .

Irish and aliens, beggars, and d issolute and depraved charac ters. We shall

proceed tornotice these under theird ifferent heads adding such part iculars asto . the legitimate poor of the parish, aswe have been ab le tomeet with .

IRISH— AL IENS.— Neither the Irish or other strangers are ment ioned by

name, unt i l the year 1640, when - the . earliest of the churchwardens accounts

nowremaining commence ; but they are certainly intended, among others,

under the general denomination of.inmates, undersitters, new—comers, &c .

The vestryminutes contain repeated orders, as to persons thus named, fromtheyear 1629 (a fewyears after they b egin,)unt il the reign of Anne ; and were

not those of a prior date lost, we should probab ly find themnot iced muchearlier. The fol lowing are some of the most interesting entries of th isnature

— Ordered, ,that the beadles do attend every Sunday , to give an

account of . inmates, and who take themin and to take up all id le persons.And on pain of neglect, for the first offence to lose their arrears of salaryand

“

for the second offence to be turned out, and to be incapab le of beingrechosen.

1680.- On consideration of thestatute 43El iz . wh ich directs the

l

raising of

a stock to set the poor to work ; and that the churchwardens and co l lec tors ofthe poor shoul d once every month resort to church, and there, onthe Sabbath

day

ing he went out h imself, and took seventy all examined togetheratBridewel l , and,

re

fourrogues, some of whomwere b lind, and ceived there sub tantial payment .”— StTXPe

’

§

y et great usurers and very rich ; who were Stowe.

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Plundered

ST. GILES’S PARI SH ;

16.4,o .- Pd to a poore gentleman vndone

,by the burning of a cit tie in Ireland

,

having l icence fromthe Lords to c ol lec tPd to Mr. Smith, his goods cast away comeing fromIreland

1 642 .— Pd to foure Irishwomen, and to four poore women and sixe children

that came oute of Ireland, passing to theirown countrie—Pd to two porters, forcarry ing two loads o f c loathes to b e sent into

Ireland— P" to a poore Irishminister—Pd to JohnWaters, hiswife and two ch ildren, b eing very sicke, that

came oute of IrelandSome of the items

'

of relief appear to have been in consequence of thetroub les in Ireland, ob liging vast numbers of the nat ives to take refuge in

England . The followingwere no doub t of that description

0 ° 1 0 O n

1647.- P" and geven one Heycock, a p lundered Irish

— Pd and given a p lundered Irishminister’swife—P(1

to poore p lundered IrishP‘1

and given to James Burges, a plund’ Irish

, per certificate—Pd and geven Mrs. Renz i, a p lundered Irish o .

A great number of similar entries occur about the same period, but the cases

having noth ing curious in them, we forbear to quote more instances.After

1648, the Irish are seldomment ioned by name, and probably became incorporated with otherpoor. Though that numbers of fresh comers continued toarrive, is evidenced by the appointment of an assistant b ead le in 1653, whoseexpressbusiness it was to search out and report such to the parish officers as

also by an entry afterwards, as follows

1659 .— Agreed on, that there b e ameet ing of vestry the first Tuesday in

every month , to acquaint themselves fromthe constab les and b ead les, of in

mates and other personscome into the parish , and l ikely to become chargeab leto the same .

The subsequent orders and regulat ionsof vestry , though they do notmentionthemby name, seemto allude to the introduct ion into the parish of French

and other foreigners1675 . Whereas the charges of the poordo dai ly increase by the frequent

resort of poore peop le f romseveral countries and p laces, forwant of due care

to prevent the same it is ordered, that G i les Hanson b e elected an assistantbead l e, with a salary of 40 1. a year, to find out and not ice all new- comers,inmates, &c . ; and that a coat and badge be provided for him, that he be the

b etterknown in his office .

”

9

9

9

9

9

9~

g

e

n

r

e

s»

MISCELLANEOUS— ACCOUNT OF POOR .

In 1679, 1680, 1690, and ordersto a similar effec t, namely , the searching out of new- comers,&c .are repeated . And the answer of the churchwardens

to the commissioners forbui lding the newchurches, anno 1710, states, that

a great number of the inhab itants of St . Giles’

s are Frenchprotestants.

”Their

dress and other pecul iarities, some years afterwards, are admirab ly satyrized

by Hogarth, in his FourTimes of the Day .

VAGRANTS.- It is difficul t to separate the entries as to th is c lass of poor

fromothers, professionalmend icants, b eing no where expressly named . The

following payments, however, were probab ly made to persons of this descript ion

13. s. d .

1 640 .— Gave to Tottenham- court Meg, b eing v erie sicke o . 1 . o .

1 642 -P" and given to Guy , a poore fel low o . 1 . o .

Geven to the B allet- singing Cobler o . 1 . o .

1 646 .

- Gave to o ld Friz -wig o . o . 6.

1657.— Pd the co l lec tors fora shroude foroulde Guy , the poet 0 . 2 . 6 .

Fromthe familiarway in wh ich these persons are ment ioned, they wereprobab ly all wel l known beggars of the t ime, though we are unacquainted

with any part iculars of them, further than whatmay b e gathered fromtheirnames.Tottenhan Court Meg was certainly of that c lass, and most likely received

the appe l lat ion fromherusual ly b egging in Tottenham- court Road . The real

calling of the other three is doub tful . Old Friz zrig might have been somedecayed tonsor, so n icknamed, who was reduced to ask charity . The B allet,

orBallad singing Cobler, if hewas not a streetmusic ian who sung and vended

his four- and - twenty songs in a book for a halfpenny ,” was probably some

once chearfulmender of soules, whose notes, wh ile he worked in his stal l,de l ighted his neighbours. Old Guy the Poet (who fromthe two entries con

cerning him, appears to have l ived and died in d istress,) was some unhappy

son of Parnassus, who if not ac tual ly a mendicant, ranked litt le h igher,andmade his exit in true characterist ical poverty .

£0 s. d.

1657.-Pd fora lodging fordistrac ted Bess o . o . 6.

— Paid fora shift forMad Bess 6.

1 658.—P" a year

’

s rent forMad B ess 1 . 4. 6.

Th is female appears to have b een only lodged, and provided with occasionalnec essaries at the parish expence, and not to have been maintained by it ;

which being the case, and not being placed in any professed receptacle for

lunatics,

303

Vagrants.

Old Guy , the

Poet.

Mad Bess.

Poor’

s box.

ST. GILES’S PAR I S H ;

lunatics, we may reasonab ly conjecture that she derived her support fromcasual charity in the street . Is it too much to suppose, that some tra

ditional memory of th isman iac might have furnished Purce l l with the idea

for his admirab le cantata of Mad Bess ; the coincidence of names isstriking?

The following entries appear also to b e of sums disbursed to beggars or

vagrants, but not of equal notoriety with the foregoingof . s. d .

1642 .—Pd to one Thomas, a travel ler 0 . o . 6 .

— To a poore woman and her children, almost starved o . 1 . 6 ,

- ToWilliamL ong, almost starved , and to CharlesPowell a peece o . 2 . o .

‘

1 645.- Fora shroude forHunter

’

s child , the b l ind beggarman o . 1 . 6 .

1646.—P" and given to a poore wre tch, name forgo t o . 1 . 0 .

— G iven to Old Osborne, a troub lesome fellow o . 1 . 6.

— Pd to Shotton the lame glaz ier, to carry himtowards Bath 0 . 3. o .

"

1647.— To Old Osborne and his b l ind wife 0 . o . 6.

—To the Old hl udWall Maker o o 6

The Old MudWall Maker,”should probab ly be excepted fromth is

'

st

of mendicants, and also the L ame Glaz ier,” both appearing to have been

d istressed artizans only . The formermight have been a useful workman inmaking and keeping up the embankments in the parish, when the greaterpart

of it wasfields. The othermiserab le beings seemto have been paupers in thevery last stage of poverty and want .

1663.— An orderwasmade forprevention of great d isorders and abuses

wh ich did arise fromamix ’t company of poore upon communion days, who

were accustomed to stand in and ab out the church, vestry , and church gates,begg ing the charity of the communicants.

” And a box is d irec ted to be pro

v ided to deposit such donations in, wh ich are to be distributed to the mostdeserving on the following day . But th is appears not to apply to professional

b eggars only , but rather to be the origin of estab lishing a p oor’s bar. The

following order, however, relates to actual beggars and vagabonds1679 Ordered, that the bead le do take up all idle personswandering in

the parish , within theirrespective divisions, that cannot readily give an accountof theircourses of l ife ; and bring thembefore the just ices, that they may bedealt with accord ing to law — that by so doing the increase of the poorin the

parishmay b e prevented in the future .

”

There are various subsequent vestry orders as to vagrants, but they are not’

generally interesting.

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JudgeHale.

SirRoger

GILES’S PAR I SH ;

The number and'

expences'

of the ”poor of

.th is parish at different periods,

are on ly to be estimated by c ircumstanc’

es, except in occasional instancesr In

the year 1642

The whole disbursement of the poor, amounts duly'

t o

'

the'

sumof 55 3

The total ofmoney received on account of church and parish, is 82 2 8

The disbursement forchurch'

and parish the same year; is‘

H , 4, 6_-

3

The whole amount ofmoney received for church,‘

parish and poor, is 1 23 16"7

And the total of all disb ursementsforchurch,parish and‘

poor, is 96 1 9 6

So that there remained iri’ the accountants handsgsurplus‘

n 26 1 7 1

In 1649, there was disbursed for the poor, 8 s. 4d . In 1676, there

was d istributed'

to the poor, by the churchwardens, $8. 446.l19 s.

‘

7 .d and bythe overseers, 1 ,320,making a total of 12 s. 7 d And the fo llowing year, thewholemoney expended ln supporting thepoorwas 3s. 10d .

Its amount for the same purpose in was'

no less than the'

enormous sumof 9 s. —Someth ing wi l l b e said as to their supposed numbers indifferent years, in

’

speaking of the workhouse.

Among the entries of donations to them1n the parish books, are the fol

lowing,

1646.— Rec

’

of Mr. Cornish, S'W'

u'

iWal ler’s gift toset the poore to worke 1 0 . o . o .

— Rec’

the LO. Fairfax ’3 gift to the poore 2 . 0 . o .

—Rec’

of Mr. Hale, c ounsel lor, of L incoln’s Inne, his gift to the poore 2 . o . o .

1648.— Mr.Branch, c lerk o f St .

‘

Lond’ brought f . 30 at three differenttimes froma gentleman unknown, all of web he presently gave away with 30 . o . 0 .

his owh e hands

The Protector having given the sumof as. 40, to be d istributed among thepoor of St. Giles

’s parish during the hard winter of 1654, it was ordered

That the £ 40 given by his highness the L" Protector, be laid out in

coal s for' the use of the poore.

”

1655 . Rec"of Judge Hale, for the

'

u'

se of the poore, on the 11th of June, 1 .

This was d oubtless the great sir'

MatthewHale, whose donation of

by the descript ion”

of Mr. Hale, counsellor, of L incoln’s is noticed

l‘

67o.—Rec

’for the poor, of the gift of Sir RogerL

’Estrange, 58. 5 .

This d istinguished.

character was a parishio ner, and has been noticed as

being buried ‘in the church .

MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR -ESTATES

' '

&c. GIVEN TO. 807

1691 .— Rec

’for the poor, the g1ft ofmy lord Herbert , — Seememoir LordHerbert.

of lord Herbert of Cherbury , in the next chapter.

The Bell at Raynham.—This estate is describedm1618, to have consisted Estates given

of Twoemessuages or tenements, lyingand being at Rayn‘

eliam11iEssex ’

and was given that yearby will , byWriothesley Danvers, aparishioner, untothe on ly use of the poorpeople of the parish of St .Gy lesmthe fields, forever. ’Its produce, wh ich was at first very small, wasafter the year 1661 increased,by convert ing the two houses into one, and 1snowappropriated towards the

b etter support of the almswomen. It is awell-accustomed public house,known by the sign of the Bell.

1640.— The annuity of Anthony Bayley

‘

t'

o the poor, issuingfromamessuageat Turnstile in Holborn .

— SeeT URNsrrLETAVERN.

1668.- Alicia dutchess B addeley , by wi l l bequeathed the ful l sumof .it-3.400,

to purchase if. 20 a year, ormore, lands of inheritance forthe use of the poorpeople that should be in the almshouses of St. Gi les’s- 1n- the- fields, forever;

”

and directed the same to be paid with in sixmonths next after her decease, tothe parsén andmasters of the said parish and that the yearly profitsshouldb e equal ly divided between the said poor, for and toward theirmaintenanceupon two days ln the year, namely , Christmas day andWhitsunday .

Th is legacy was in January 1669, paid to thirteen of the vestrymen who,the fol lowingMarch, bought zfor i f. fromWilliam

.Quintine and Richard

Quint ine, certain pieces of ground, in the parish of St .Michael, nearWh ittington col lege, L ondon ; I where, on or before the dreadful fire of L ondon, stood

fourmessuages ortenements, and then let to Richard Adcock for 18

a-year. The churchwardens subsequently, by desire of v estry , , p ,urchased 2os.

perannummore than they had agreed forwith themoney left by the dutchess,and afterwards a fartherground rent ,

of from,the said Adcock, making

together wh ich was charged upon the buildings erec ted by h im.ou

such gro'

und . The whole .purchase .money , and . expence of conveyances,

amounted to 58 .430. 9s. . 1 r.

Th is estate, wh ich is vested in trustees, is now let on repairing leases forter

'ms‘that will expire at L ady- day . 1827, at net rents amounting to, s€.69_per

annum, and which are applied as direc ted by .the testatnx.

Richard H olfii'

rd, esg:(by feoffment before-mentioned)left in‘

1657, an estate RichardHolR R 2 situate f°rd'

308 ST.,GILES’

S PA R I SH ;

situate in Princes street , Drury - lane, consist ing of two houses, one of which

was lately known by the name of the Key Eugm'

o. These houses are on lease

fortwo several terms, one of which will exp ire at L ady day 1829, at net rents,

amount ing to 58. 60 per annum. The rents are app lied by the v estxy as

fol lowsTo 20 oldmen, and 20 old women, on Christmas- day, 20 3.

To 20 t icket women, 7 3. per quartereach .

And the remainder towards the better support of the almswomen.

1677 .— WilliamWooden, a vestryman, gave by will to the poorwidows,

inhab itants of the almshouses, the sumof per annumfor ever, arisingfromground rent of themessuages, situate over-against the church of St . G ilesin~ the-fields ;

”afterwards denommated the H amp shire H og Alehouse. This

rent charge has since been converted into three per cent reduced

annuit ies.

1720.—Margaret B oswell, gave by wil l unto the

‘

parish of St . Gi les, 810 .

capital stock in the South Sea Company , in trust that the incomethereof yearly should be appl ied and given to ten poor sick and d istressed

famil ies, housekeepers and become necessitous by misfortune, and not'

by

extravagancy or losseness.”

This stock has been converted into 6s. 8 d. . South Sea annuities of1751 and stands in the names of the rector and churchwardens. The dividends are payab le to either of the churchwardens,and laid out

" in bread for

the poorweekly .

’

1735 .-4Elizabetk Cummins, widow, by will gave the interest whereof

to b e d istributed by the d irec t ions of theminister and churchwardens in bread,monthly for ever, to the industrious poor of St. Giles- in - the-fields, not

'

takingalmsof the parish .

This legacy was converted into 58. 203. NewSou th Sea annuities, and

standsmthe name of the Accountant General of the court of Chancery . The

dividends are received by the rectorand churchwardens for the time b eing.

l 736.- FrancesBait, by wi l l gave to theminister and churchwardens for the

t ime b eing, of the parish in which‘

she should reside at the t ime of her decease,to be put out Upon land, or other good security ; and directed the

interest thereof to be annual ly d ivided among the poor of the said parish .

The testatrix diedm1744 5, in Holborn -row, L incoln’

s- inn fields.

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310

Estatesc laimed bypansh , but

not recov ered.

Premises inTurnmillstreet.

'

ST. GILES’S PARI SH , 1

r

1 . 4d. ashaving beén received of onePargiterfiornhouses the,back side

of Ho lborn. Th is Mr. Pargiterwas a parishionerand vestryman in the re ignof Charles II. The houses were called ‘5 Pargiter

’s- rents,

”and afterwards

Feathers The 11ast rent received was in the year 1714, whenit is sup

posed the termforwh ich the same was payab le expired .

1706.— R ichard L eech, late lec turer, gave by wi l l “ his interest in two

houses in Plumb tree- street, St . Giles’s, to the rector and churchwardens ;

the rents, 81C. to be applied towards the educat ion of the poor children in the

two schools lately erected for boys and girls, in the same street .This lease has long since expired — See Charity Schools.

”

1707.— John Pearson, gave by wi ll an exchequer annuity of £ 50 for99

years ; of wh ich was yearly distributed among the almswomen, and theremainder was expended in b inding out apprentices, providing coals for the

almswomen, The annuity expired in 1 805 .

1715 .— AnnWilson, gave by will 600, to be lent out at interest , and the

produce thereof to be paid for causing pub lic prayers in the church everymorning during eightmonths in the year, at six o

’

c lock ; and the other four

months at seven 0’c .lock But if the parish should not think proper to accept

the legacy upon such terms, then the same to be nul l and void.

N .B .— This legacy was not accepted .

There were also several yearly paymentsof smal l sumsfor buil ding upon the

churchyardwall, opening lights, 81C . but wh ich have been discontinued upwardsof a century . Various part iculars respecting these, aswell 115 relating . to_the

’

afore -ment ioned donations, will be found in“other parts of th iswork ; as

r

also

notices, among others, of the following donationswhich have ceased, orwere

only of’

a temporary nature, v iz. —.The bequest of dutchessDudley to the poor

at her funeral ; together.with legacies given by h er daughters, lady'

L ev eson,

lady Ann Ho lborn, bequests of the lords Falconb erg, Bellasys, and variousothe

'

r'

antient and eminent parish ioners.

The following are estates left to the poor, and which were formerly claimedby the parish; but do not appear to have been recovered

C ertaine tenements in Turnmill - street , St . Sepulchre’s,

” left by will byJane Savage of Highgate, in 1678, t o the poor

'

of St . Giles in- the-fields‘

parish , and those of St ; Sepulchre, St .Mart in, 'and St . Giles, Cripplegate ; and

about

MISCELLANEOUS .— POOR— ENTRIES OF REL IEF TO. 31 1

about wh ich d isputes having arisen, orderwasmade for this parish to seek to

recover its right’

to t ne same,sand to treatwith fthe othernamed parishes uponthe subject .

N . B .— Th is estate was clairiied by the heirs at law.

1681 .— Vestry order for a p iece of ground to be considered of, situate in

ornear Shoe- lane, Holborn , andwh ichwas latelygiven to this parish by one

Ashman , and the sameto be reported1685 .

— A p iece pf ground, ly ing in or nearGreen Dragon-

yard, and said

to b elong to th is parish , to be enquired about and reported .

1719 7—ForMr. Cheev ley,’

c lerk in chancery , to be paid his b ill of £155 . 17 3.

in a cause‘

deperiding’

b etWeen this parish and others, about a certain p iece of

ground, situate in Crab tree Field.

Entries of B elief,as. to Poor.

We proceed to themode of relieving, maintainingand employing the poor, Reliefo

i

f poor,

before the erect ion of the parish workhouse, as“

exempl ified in different entries fisfiflff’mem

in the parish books and which contain some of themore curious itemsas tocasual reliefip ensiomng andjarmzng themout, management and apprenticz

’

ng of

ch ildren, regulations for their bettergovernment, &c .

1640 .— Pd to poore Slater, in Q ueen

- street, and his sicke children1641 — To a poore woman brough t to bed of two children in the Back lane

— Fora shroude fora poore child that dyedmRider’

s- buildings1642 —To Mrs.Mabbs,

~

a poet’

swife, herhusband being dead

Mr.Mabbs is the second unfortunate poet of this parish, mentioned about

this time. Old Guy has been already not iced . They were probab ly litt le abovethe rank of b al ladmakers. Chapman, buried in the churchyardm1620, and

most l ike ly a parish ioner, was a poet of a superior order.

1647 . P‘ and gev en to Goody Paret , to buy her boy 'Jshirts (Charles, his s. d . Goody Paret.

father, IS a waterman at Cheeswick, and he 111 to keepe himat 20 3. a y eare o . .

fromX tmas)—Gave to the LadyPigot , in L incoln

’

s- inn- fields,poore and desirv inge relief, o . 2 . Lady Plgot.

The books afford no information‘

as to this lady Pigot, but fromthe place ofher residence, she wasprobab ly once a

'

parishioner'

of consequence. It isnot

unlikely , fromthe date'

of the entry, but shemight be the widowof some partizan of the ' rOyal cause,whose affairs had been ruined by his loyalty , andwhich

induced

312 ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

induced her to accept the wretched p ittance mentioned. We also know

noth ing of the ladymentioned to be relieved in the next article.

s. d . .

1670 .— Given to the Lady Thornbury , being poore and indigent o . 1 0 . o .

1640 .- « Pd to Mr.Hibbs’s daugh ter, with ch ilde, and l ike to starv e o. 1 . 0 .

— Gave to buy young Aries, a pairof shoes o .

‘

o .

‘

6.

N. 13.— The natural son of a SirJohnAries,whose wil l is afterwards ordered to

b e searched for by vestry , to see if they could recover any indemnification forhismaintenance .

1641 .—To oulde Goodman Street, and o lde Goody Malthus, very poore

1645.— To MotherCole, andMotherJohnson, xij

‘. a peece

1646.— ToWilliamBurnett, in a sel ler(cel lar) in Ragged Staff - yard, being

} 0

poore and v erie sicke1648.

— To Goody Sherlock, in Maidenhead - field— lent our lynnenwheel, amo 1 o

gave herto buy flax

_To Goody Paret, in Bore’

s Head - al ley , in Q ueen- street— lent and

} 0

gave as above

The following are entriesof casual relief to foreignersand strangers, reduced

by van ousmeans, redemption of persons but of slavery"

, &c .'

3. d .

164o.7—Gave to Signor Lefcatha, a distressed Grecian

i

- To a poore Yorkshireman, v ndone by fire

—To Mr. Jacob, a poore distressed gent leman1642 .

— To L azhz'

eMelchitaire, of Chimaica, in Armenia, to passe himto h isowne countrie, and to redeeme his sonnes in slavarie under the Turkes

— l?d and given to a plunderedminister16514.

-P“l towards the rel ief of themarriners, maimed so ldiers, widowes and1 1 o

orphans of such es have dyed in the service of parliament1666 — Co l lec ted at severall t imes towards the reliefe of the poore sufferers

‘

burn t out by the late dreadful fire of London

1670.-Total of money collected this year fromthe parishioners towards

the redempt ion of slaves, 15 3. 9 d . Various entries occur previouslyof sums given by the churchwardens for th ispurpose .

1679 .- By an ordermade th is y ear in spec ial sessions, for the rel ief of

casual poor, a paymasterwas directed to be appointed annually , whowas onlyto pay by the authority of a note fromtwo overseers and which note ornotes

were to express the name and place of abode of the party relieved andwere tob e examined at the next Sundaymeet ing.

1687.—Ordered by vestry , for that WhereasMr. Blake, nowa prisonerin

theFleet, did some t ime before his imprisonment give severall suitS '

of apparel] ,tQ

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3141 ST . GILES ’S PA RI SH ;

apprentice by the gift of hergrace the late dutchessDudley, 19whereof were

born within our parish of St. Giles- in - the-fields, b ut the twent ieth _boy does

not appear to us to be born therein. The sev“names of their respect ive

masters, and themonies repayab le to themat the expirat ion of theirappren

ticeships, are hereinafterfiticularly set down as followeth .We omit the l ist for brevity sake.

16— r—Ordered that 2 s. 6d . .perweek he lai

‘

d,out in bread, to be allowed

to the parish ch i ldren, in order to encourage them‘

to come to church .

N . B . In 1679, this customwasdone away with_as an unnecessary charge.

1718.— Sev erall parish ch ildren having perished forwant of , due sustenance,

18 s. p quarter having b een found too“

small to pay to the parish nurses under

whose care they have been placed 2413. p quarter ordered to be paid to themfor the future, until such children attain 8 years of age

1728.4 Permission given to inocul ate three ch ildren of the small pox, and

nomore, and to be shewn to the workhouse committee.

1656.—Pensioners to come every L ord

’

s day to church , and once a fort

night at 3 o’clock in the afternoon to be catechized and instructed l n the

principles of religion.

1675 .- To be distinguished by ,

wearing brass badges ; and 1697 , a second

order, that the churchwardens doe provide 400 brass badges, and set the

same upon p ieces of red c loth, for the pensmners to wear, pursuant to act of

Parl iament latelymade for that purpose.

”

N .B .— The vestry minutes contain many other similarregul at ions, but not

of sufficient interest to be cop ied here .

‘

Establishments,(S'c. f or,Woaxnov sr.— [Some sl ight not ice of the workhouse, as a

‘

building, hasbeen

taken in the last chapter; asalso of the almshouses, schoo ls, and otherparo

ch ial estab l ishments here for the relief of the poor. The fo l lowing entries,

and documents wi l l be found to supp ly a numb er of curious part iculars t e

spect-ing them, wh ich are there'

omittedThir parish , in common with many others, seems at first to have used

a general workhouse, wh ich ismentioned in the following entry

1669 .—Paid and expended a gomg to Hixeshall for

for, the corporation and workhouse

MISCELLANEOUSJ— POORf— ESTABILISHMENTS FOR. 815

The corporation” h ere

'mentioned, was a union of sev eral parishes'

v

to‘

'

é'

he {

rigor

erect a dwelling for their poor ; inwhich b usiness St .’

Giles’s took the

‘

lr

eadme

by first collectingmoney, petit ioning, 850 . asa ppears by this and after eu

is. d.

’

1663.—Pa1d in collecting the money for theworkhouse book

2 10“

0d going to.

the workhouse by orderof warrant

The necessary funds for estab lishing a suitab le building (which according to

these extracts, St. Giles’s parish endeavoured to collect the yearafter obtaining

theirpetit ion,) fromsome obstacleswe are unacquaintedwith, seemnot to havebeen

,

raised ; and a lapse of nearly six years took place without . any thing

effectual being done, an indictment in the mean time, having been laid

against the accountant or collec tor, forneglect, the parish determined for thereasons set forth in a subsequent vestry order, ,

to defend him.

1669— P" and expended in defending the accomptant ag“_an ind ic tmen t for

not collec ting themoney assessed for the workhouse, he not being ab le todo the same ; and the parish hav ing formerly paid the sumof £99 5, or

thereabouts, and l it tle orno benefit accrued

1670.— Ordered , that the travers of the indic tment against Mr. Morris, con

cerning the workhouse , be defrayed at the parish expence .

Th e same year also, a charge of 33. 6. 12 s. is booked for defending the

overseers in the same business. And thematter appearing not to have ter

minated satisfactorily to the parish in a court of law, a petit ion accord ing to

the next entry on the subject ,was presented to Parliament, viz .

1670 (December.)— Ordered, that the expences be allowed for the pet it iondepending inParliament against theworkhouse.

These d isputes seemto have subsided soon afterwards, and the workhousein quest ion, (if the different entries refer to the same bui ld ing,) to

‘

have b een

peopled , to judge fromthe fo l lowingminute(January .) —Ordered, that a committee b e appointed to treat with the

adjacent parishes, who were comprehended in the late act of Parliament concern ing the workhouse, in order to their contributing towards the fees and ex

pences paid in p’

ouring the said act . And

The nature of the act of Parl iament herement ioned, and the share St . Giles’s

parish'

took in get ting'

it passed , is furtherexplained in an entry dated 1694,wh ich states, that whereas the p

’isshioners of the p

’ ish of St . Gi les- in. the

fields have been at the very great charge of p’ouring or

'

obtaining an act of

s s 2 Parliament

3 . d.

30 . 16.

Green. 3 l

ST. GILES’S PAR ISH ;

Parliament to passe concerning a certaine workhouse, nearClerkenwell Green,buil t at the costs and charges of the inh

’itants of divers parishes in the county

of Midd ’

x : And whereas the churchwardens and inh’itants of the parish of

Stepney , al’s Stebonheth , have agreed to pay to the ch

’w’d

’ns of th is p

’ ish the

sume of for. and towards the same ;— Ordered, that such sumof £ 35 be

accepted, Sec .

SECONDWoaxnov sn.— Having provided an asy lumfor their aged and

impotent poor, (for the above appears to have been procured for that purpose

rather than for labour,)it remained to purchase or erect a second place wh ich

might be’

properly called aworkhouse. It was accordingly , in

1674- Ordered, That the churchwardens should treat with the landlord

of a certaine tenement , in order to the taking of the same forto set the poor

onworke.

”

And the nextweek the churchwardens report

That in pursuance of the last vestry order they have taken, a certaine

tenement in Browne’s Gardens, to sett the poore o

’

u worke ; which was ap

proved ou by vestry .

Robert Freshwick, carpenter, having undertaken to prepare the tenement soengaged, for the reception of the paupers, and submitted his estimate of ex

pence to vestry , it was, in JanuaryOrdered, that The art ic les,wh ich are approved of, be sealed, between

the churchwardensand Robert Freshwick, undertakerof theworkhouse.

”

By the fo l lowing May the bu ilding appears to have b een got ready ,ornearly so, as it is then further

Ordered, that the churchwardens do buy formes and tab les for the work’

house, necessary for the emp loyment and use of said house, for setting the pooronworke.

”

And 1676,— It is ordered, that,

the poor on th is estab l ishment, like thepensioners, do wear brass badges.

”

In 1680, a removal of th isworkhouse was contemp lated , probab ly 111 conses

quence of the bui ld ing justment ioned being to be pulled down on the destruc

t ion of Brown’s-

gardens, and the build ing of the SevenD ials. We’

know not

howotherwise to account for the fo l lowing entry , viz .

Ordered, that inquiry bemade of certaine houses in or neare a placecal ledWhetstone- park, with in the aforesaid parish, in order to the same beingtaken as hab itations forthe poor.

”

COL L EGE

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Mr.Marriot.

ST. GILES’S PAR ISH ;

was appointed to treat with Dr. Baker(the rector)for the purchase of Dudley .

court, (where the parsonage -house stood , and wh ich had been probab ly pulled

down or abandoned ,) for a workhouse . But this negotiation like the former,did not succeed, and another committee was appointed

To Viewand take a plan of a p iece of ground, called Vinegar-y ard , and to

treat with Mr. Richard Gregory for the purchase thereof, .for a burial ground,

hospital, and workhouse, forthe use and service of the parish.

”

An agreement wasafterwardsmade forthepurchase thereof for 10s. ;

and aMr.Marriot having in themean t ime given in proposals formanaging thepoor to be placed in the intended newbuil ding, a printed CASE, for pecuniaryassistance, was submitted to the parishioners, Stating

That the poorof the parish to be relieved, then amounted to upwardsof

840 persons, the expence of whomamounted to above a-

year.

That vestry had purchased at a great expence a p iece of ground nearBowle

yard, sufficient for a workhouse and hospital, aswell as for an additional burying p lace ; and had rece ived and approved of a proposal of Mr.Matthew

Marriot, for employing the ab le, andmaintaining the impotent poor, in a regularand propermanner, agreeab ly to what hewas cert ified to have done at Tring,Berkhampsted , L uton, But that to execute this scheme, a large houseorhouses, must be built by [

the parish, suffic ient for the rec ept ion of all such

pooraswere rel ieved where they were to be one family , suppl ied withmeat,drink and lodging, and employed in such work as they were capab le of ; to be

cloathed wherewanting,and lodged in a c leanly manner, and the produce of

their laboursold for the benefit of the parish ; properwork be ing found for al labove fiv e years of age.

”It proceeds to

‘

detail the advantages of th is plan, andsolic its contributions, 8m.This appeal being successful, and vestry having caused it to b e signified to

Mr.Marriot, that his proposal formaintain ing and employing the poorwasaccepted,

”

They were c lassed as fol lowsf . s.

162 All above seventy y ears.

o f age750

1 26 Parents,

overburthenedwith children

183 Chi ldren, parents dead,} 800

2 50

orrun away

70 Sick at parish nurses

300 More, lame, b l ind,mad,infirm, Sto. of different

ages

Inc ident charges, assuapo thecariesb i l ls,forhospitalls, at le

MISCELLANEOUS — POOR—l -ESTABLISHMENTS FOR.

accepted,” the deeds of purchace were prepared, trustees named, and

Mr; Hucks, (the brewer,)was appointed treasurerforthe subscript ions.

"A'

committee was also agreed on to sit weekly during the progress of the build ing,and all other things arranged for the due proceeding ,

with the work.

The ground and bui ldings so agreed to be purchased,were described as compriz ing all thatmessuage ort enement, .with the land thereimto '

be longing,

situate in Bowls-

yard , Sac . then in the occupation of the said Richard Gregory ;and al l thatmessuage ort enement, with the land thereunto be longing, situatein Bowle-

yard aforesaid, in the occupat ion of Richard Box,“

cordwainel ' .and

also, all that messuage or tenement, with the land thereunto be longing, situatein Bowle -

yard aforesaid, in the occupation of JohnKempe, woodmonger, withthe ir appfirts, &c . T0 wh ich was added, an entrance of ten feet wide out of

Short’s-

gardens. They were bounded on the east by the backs of houses in

Crown - court , afterwards purchased by the Vestry of Stephen C larke ; on the

north . by the l ine of houses on the south - end of L asselles-

p lace, and theback of

the present infirmary , (then Kempe’s house and yard,) inc lud ing the

‘

broad

space opposite Gregory’s house, nowpart of theworkhouse : on the west , as

at present , by housesand the stab le-

yard, late Mr.Mountain’

s, and on the south,

by the backs of houses in Short’s-

gardens, latelyA c ommittee being appointed in 1723, to consider of the best manner of

app ly ing this ground , Sec . to its intended use, taking down the brewhouse,stopping up l igh ts, and doing

’

other necessary th ings preparatory to bui ld ing,reported on the 80th of March 1724

That, in pursuance of the orderof vestry , they had caused the brewhouse to

b e pu l led down for enlarging the burial ground ; and they recommended forfenc ing in the same the erec t ion of a proper .brick wal l , as also certain regulations respec t ing themaking of graves near it, &c . As to an hosp ital for thesick poor, they were of Opinion that a long roomone pair of staires in the old

bui ld ing, at the east end of Mr.Gregory’

s bui ld ings, wouldmake a very con ~

v enient hospital forwomen ; and the square roomwithin it formen and

they

1 723.—(Jany 7th and 8th .)— Richard

Gregory , the son of Richard Gregory , thev endor, in 1693, with his trustees, c onvey edthe premises to five of the v estry and theirheirs, upon trust , to c onv ey the same to

such person or persons, and for such uses,

Ste. as should fromtime to time be direc ted

by the order o f vestry ; and in the meant ime to apply and d ispose o f said premises;and the rents, St e . thereo f

, for the use and

b enefit o f the said parish and the parishionersthereof, as should fromtime be d irec ted bysuch orderororders o f vestry .

319

320 ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

they recommended it to be fitted up according to the est imate of Mr.Woodward, a c arpenter also, that Mr. Gregory

’s late dwelling- house be appro

priated for the two nurses, except the parlour and d ining- room, whichmaybe reserved formeet ings, &c . And they observe, that in this house there

woul d also be a roombesides for two or three poor people, who might not beproperto lie in the common hospital rooms, on account of their d istempers andcondition. In regard to the workhouse, they state, that the two rooms underthe hospitalwould be proper for th is use, with certain alterat ions and additions

which they suggest as necessary to be previously made.

Th isreportwas confirmed, the est imatesment ioned therein agreed to, and thealterationsmade accordingly ; and in July following, directionswere given forerecting awing next Mr. Clarke’

5

The buildings and alterat ionswere finished before March 1725 , foron the

second day of thatmonth , an addit ional rate was ordered to bemade for therel ief of the poor, tomake good themonies laid out in bui lding and furnish ingthe workhouse, and buy ing stock to set the poor to work.

The sums so laid out were, as appears by the . churchwardens accounts, as

fol lowsPurchase-money , as before stated 10

Paid towards building the workhouse this year 16 41 72 5° Towards furnishing the same with all necessaries 423 5

Original cost 1 1 4

The accommodations thus provided were soon found insufficient, for in theyear 1727 the present infirmaiy was erected upon the site of Kempe’

s house

and yard ; the expence of wh ich was £ 531 . 7 s. 10 d . ; and the part of the

house

The ground purchased forthe erec tionof this newwing has b een partly describedin the account of Shortfs-

gardens and adjacent estates, head Aldwych,West .” The

deed of sale, dated 1 70 7, states it to lie on

the south side of the street called the Old

Town,next Grey hound - court, SEC. It com?

prehended (amongst v arious other pieces ofMul berry land) the garden ground cal ledGa’ d‘m the Mulberry Garden,

”the

site of Dud ley Short’

s house, part o f Greyhound - c ourt, St e . The ground on whichthe old part of theworkhousewas buil t, was

part of an estate also before noticed under

the same head, wh ich was granted in 1654,

and is described as consisting of various

pieces o f ground, on wh ich stood fourteen

tenements, with two acres of land, abut tingwest on a parc el o f ground cal led Noselings ;

together with a chamber cal led the Gate

house, twomessuagesknown by the signs ofthe B owle, and B lack Lambe, &c . all situatein the parish of St . Giles- in- the- fields, and

there tofore the inheritance ofWilliamBar.ber

,Anne Barber, and ThomasBarber, Ste.

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ST. G ILES ’S PAR I S H ;

parishwerechosen forsurvey ing and erecting the intended buildings. Mr.

B lythewas employed for the brickwork, and Mr. Seagood for the carpenters

work, jointly ; and the framework was to be fin ished and comp leted by thel st of November,The following are the items of expence for remov ing the pound, S50. and

erect ing the almshouses, asset down in the churchwardensaccounts

1656 (Nov .)— Paid for carpen ters work done at th

and forthe removing of the pound‘

and cage

P‘1 formaking the leases fromthe Rt hbleQ

N.B .—Thewhole sumdisbursed about the almshousesamounted to 296 12 10

The bequest of the duchessDudley of to these almshouses, and the

mannerin wh ich it was appropriated, has been just mentioned, as also the

following gifts, v iz .

1674.— The gift of Henry Carte for the almshouses, to buy land,

1707.— An exchequerannuity of 38.50, left by John Pearson — And

The gift ofWilliamWooden, of perann. issuing fromthemessuage cal led the Hamp shire H og .

Pearson’s gift was ordered by vestry , to be commemorated by “

amarb lestone, to be set up inmemory of

iMr. John Pearson, who has left per

annumto the pooralmswomen, and forputting out five children apprentices.

”

1686.— The almshouseswere ordered to be repaired ; and again in 1704,

togetherwith the shed at the great gate.

(August .) —A case wasmade out for the opinion of the attorney gene

ral (afterwards ch . just . Kenyon,)as to the expediency of removing the almshouses. It stated, that The said almshouses being situate in the middle of

the High - street, rendered the passage adjoining very narrowand inconvenient ;and the buildings being in a ruinous decayed state, the vestry (wh ich is select)was desirous to take themdown, and lay the ground into the public way foraccommodation . That his grace the duke of Bedford was heir at law of the

late earl of Southampton, and was lord of the manorof St . Gilesw“ Bloomsbury ; but during his grace

’sminority, the legal estates andmanerial rights

were vested in his trustees,whowould consent that the ground should bemadeptof the pub l ic h ighway .

”

That the vestry intended building otheralmshouses in amore convenientsituation,

MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR— ESTABL ISHMENTS FOR.

situation, as soon as a p iece of ground could be procured for that purpose ;and were ready in the mean t ime to provide a residence for the women, and

pay themtheirusual al lowances. But a doub t had arose, howfar the vestrycould carry theirintent ion into execut ion with safety to themse lves, and with

safety to the several charities, without an act of Parliament ; and they asked,Whether the becjuests in favor of the almswomen, might not be forfeited,and revert back to the heirs at lawof the donors, if the then building wasdestroyed, al though it should be built in another p lace .

”

To these queries the Attorney General returned as answer

I amof opinion, that the vestrymay carry their intent ion into execution,without risking a reversion of the charitab le donations. The gifts do not con

tain any condition,”

(they were particularized in the case,) as to the p lacewhere the almshousesshal l be situated ; and therefore I have no doub t, but theincome of .the several fundswil l be “

properly applicab le to the almshouse people,although the almshouses shal l be removed to another situation.

”

In pursuance of this Robertson, the then vestry clerk, under thedirect ions of the vestry , agreed for the purchase of a piece of ground, withcertain ruinous buildings thereon, situate on the north side of L ewknor’s- lane,wh ich was

'

deemed a suitab le site for the intended almshouses ; and 1783,

(Sept. Q5 and the said premiseswere, in considerat ion of conveyed

to Ph ilip Dyot, and other trustees, (int. alia) by the description of

Certainmessuages, tenements and premises, ,which accord ing to a then

late survey thereof; contained in front next Newtoner’s (Lewknor

’s) lane, 80

feet on the south ; on thewest 70 feet ; on the north next the Coal -yard and

Swordbearers- alley , 46 feet ; and on the east, to a break, 24 feet ; then runningwest 14. feet, and then running south again so Newtoner’s (L ewknor

’

s) lane

46 feet,”agreeab ly to a p lan thereof drawn in themargin of the indentures.

On the 3d of October in the same year, Phil ip Dyot and the other trustees,by their deed dec lared, That the considerat ion moneymentioned in

‘

sucl‘iindentures, was the propermonies of the persons composing the joint vestrysof the parishes of St . Giles- in - the-fields and St. George Bloomsbury , and the

rest of the inhab itantsof the said parishes, arising frompub lic ratesand assess

ments, made by the said vestrymen ; and that the said messuages and here;ditamentswere so conveyed to themupon trust, at all times hereafter to pertmit the same to be used and enjoyed by such person and persons as the said

vestry of the said parishes should appoint.”

{

And provision wasmade in the

'r T Q same

Free schools.

Hiswil l.

ST. GILES’ S PAR ISH ;

same deed forperpetuat ing the trusts, by convey ing the premises to seven or,

more newtrustees, to be appointed fromtime to t ime, when . the trustees for

the t ime being should be reduced tothree in number.

There appears to have been an estab lishment in this parish for teaching poorchi ldren grat is, at least as early as the t ime of King Charles the First, as,maybe seen under the head COCKPIT and but what was the nature of

this institution (wh ich was then held at the deserted theatre of the Cockpit),we are not told . Itmust b ematter of conjecture, therefore,whether this canbe properly termed the original of the present parish free schools.i About fifteen years after thismention of the Cockpit School,

'

the foundationand endowment of a regular place of instruction for poor ch ildren, took place

through the benevolence. of a parishioner. This establishment still exists, andis called

SHELTON’S SCHOOL — Mr.Wil liamShelton, (the founder)in 1661, purchased,

at the price of a p iece of ground with certain erect ions, &e . on it,

situate on the south side of Parker’s- lane, and described to have beenthen late

in the occupation of the Dutch ambassador, which by hiswill, dated 5th July1672, he devised to certain trustees and theirsuccessors, who fromthe .rents

and profits thereof, were (int. alia) to lay out £ 15 yearly upon Michaelmasday, forbuy ing twenty gowns for twenty old men and women of St. Giles

’s

parish : and also for ever to hire and provide afit schoolmasterto teach school,in the school and roomhe had appointed inParker’s lane,fifly children of the

poorest sort, 35 to be of St . Giles’

s parish, 10 of St .Martin’s, and 5 of Covent

garden ; and out of the said rents to pay the schoolmaster yearly £2 0, and

203. to buy hima gown, provided he would wear the same ; and al so 15

yearly for a coat for each of the said fifty scholars : and to provide yearly in

the summer two chal drons of coals for a fire for the said ch ildren in winter;all the aforesaid coats and gowns to be of a green colour. The surplusage ofall the said rents to be employed to the b inding forth of some of the saidScholarsapprent ices. With a prov isoe that if there shoul d chance to be any of

the kindred orrelat ions of the testator orhiswife, such kindred or relat ion to

b e preferred .

”And the testator also directed, that the schoolmaster and

scholars should b e elected, the gowns and coats purchased, and the rents

received by Ann hiswife, during her life.

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ST. GILES’S PARI S H ;

before the creat ion of Bloomsbury as a parish , were sogiven .for the'

benefit

of the who le district, now called St. Giles- in - the-fields, and St . George

Bloomsbury .

”

In pursuance of the above declaration, t he joint vestry appointed new

trustees, and the account of their receipts and payments was audited in Juneannually , by the committee appointed foraudit ing the parish accounts, down

to 1815, when a report as to the charity wasmade, wh ich stated

That the rent charge of devised to the heir at lawof the devisor, was

supposed to have been released, for it had not been c laimed for upwards of

70 years. That the estate was then let to various tenants, for different termsof years, at rents amounting to £55 . 10 3. one of which termswould expire at

Midsummerthen next and that formany years then past, the vestry had lookedforward to the expirat ion of the last -ment ioned lease, as a period when, bythe accumulation of the funds, aided b y the rents, the school might bere- commenced.

Upon the foregoing statement, wh ich formed the substance of a report madeto vestry on the subject in 1815, it was thought exped ient to inquire, l st— what

annual sumwould b e '

necessary at that t ime, to re - estab lish and continue

the school , and other trusts, upon'

a permanent basis, and if the trust funds

should appear suflicient for‘

that purpose ; Qd— whether any , and what,"

arrangement could with propriety be made, for estab lishing the school upon

part of the trust estate, pursuant to the donor’swill .With respect to the first head of inquiry , the vestry , froman estimate given

in, and the report, came to a resolut ion, that the funds were then suffic ient tore commence the said school, and other trustsment ioned in Mr. Shelton’

s

wi l l And a committeewas appointed to fix on a properp lace for re- esta

b lishing the school in, upon part of the trust estate, orotherwise, regard b eingbad to the local convenience of the several parishes interested in the same ; who

gave

The rents and d ividends to the year

1 815, as b efore-mentioned, with Bromley’

s

premises, (estimated at amounted to2 50 . 143. 9 d. perannum. But as itmight

b e necessary to erec t or purchase a school

room, with a residence for themaster, andsupposing the expence thereo f (afterapplying the money in hand ,) should require thesale of asmuch of the funded property as

would take fromthe annual d ividends thereof f . 50 , there would then remain to carryinto effec t the trusts o f the donor

’

3 wil l , theannual sumof 2 00 . i4s. 9 d. This sum

,

it was calculated, would b emore than suffi‘

c ient to support the school , (al lowing for

the d ifference of prices in the present day ,)aswel l as to provide the apparel

‘

for thepoor

men and women .

MISCELLANEOUS.— POOR—ESTABL ISHMENTS FOR.

gave it as their opinion, that the t e- estab lishment of the school on any part of

the trust estate, shou ld the access be through Parker’s- lane, would’

by their

b eingcontinual ly exposed to bad example, rather corrupt than improve themorals of the children ; and that on these grounds it would not be expedient

to have the school there, but to sell thematerials of the old buildings, and

establ ish the school elsewhere . And a part of L loyd’s- court, adjoining the

west end of the church , b eing afterwards to be d isposed of, and found to be in

all respects suitab le to the purpose, a lease thereof was taken, and anewschool

room(orrooms)was erected . This building, wh ich isfinished in a neat and

appropriate sty le, is the present Shelton’s school. and the estab lishment itself

is‘

nowin a flourish ing state.

PARISH Sermon — This school owes its endowment chiefly to the ~reverend

Richard Leech, who, asjust noticed, gave by will , anno 1704, two housesin '

Plumbtree- street, formerly called Newton’s houses, in trust, for the instruction

and good education of poor ch ildren of the parish, whose parents were not

ab le to pay for the same.

”

Thiswill was read in vestry , April 22 , 1706, when it was agreed upon,

That the rents, issues and profits of the said houses, should b e applied for

the instruct ion and education of the poor ch ildren in the two schooles,”

(i . e. school-rooms,) lately erected and t sett upp for boyes and girles‘

in

Plumptree- street ; and that Mrs. L eech be desired to make an assignmentthereof pursuant to

.

the saidwi ll , and that such deed or instrument should beprepared accord ingly.

”

7 These schoo ls nowstand in Museum- street, and like the one lastmentioned,are in a flourishing state — The fol lowing are additional notices relating to

them1705 . The churchwardenswere ordered to

‘

consider of setting up and

making two new seats in the church , for the ch i ldren of the new charityscoole, one for the boyes, and another for the girles.

1706. A gift, by wil l of Mr. John Pearson, of yearly , (part ofa legacy of 99 years,)to apprentice five boys or girls, out of the said

schools yearly, during the said —Al luding to the above and Shelton’s

schoo ls, Strype (Ed . Stowe’s Survey , says, There are four charityschools in St. Giles

’

s parish, cloathingl'

128 b oys, and 60 girls not cloathed.

The vo luntary subscript ions, perannum; col lections at sermons, about’

perannum gifts fromthe beginning, perannum£ 40 ; and 12 girlsputout

St. Giles andBloomsbury .

ST. GILES’S PAR IS H ;

out apprentice.

” Hogarth sarcast ical ly h ints at the defec t ive state, as to

c loathing, of the parish schools in his t ime, by represent ing TomNero in his

fourstages of cruelty , as a St. Gil es’s charity boy , and l iteral ly in rags. Th is'

defect as to apparel , has however long b een done away with .

Manorsof St. Giles and B loomsbury .

Themanors of St . Giles and B loomsbury (wh ich were antiently divided bythe great foss ord itch beforement ioned, call ed Blemunde

’s D iche)are but ted

and bounded by the fol lowing othermanors, viz .— ou the south - east, by the

manorofH olborn on the north- east, by themanorof Portp ole ; on the south ,

by the liberty of the ducky of L ancaster ; on the south -west, by themanor ofSt. James,Westminster; on the north -west, by themanor of St. Mary - le - bone ;

and on the north, by themanororprebend of Tottenhall.Themanorof St . Giles, immed iately subsequent to, and probab ly before the

conquest, was in the crown ; the eight acres given by queen Matilda to found

St. Giles’s hospital (wh ich were part of it,)being expressly stated to have been

a port ion of the royal domainsWith the grant of the hosp ital site the remainder of the manorwasmostlikely included ; but of this, not having the foundat ion charter of °Matilda, we

are uncertain. That it was afterwards vested in the hospital, is evident from(amongst others) the fol lowing documentsA grant by Robert L onecote to Thomas Stoke, reg. Hen. III, of a mes

suage, See. in Al dewych , in St . Giles’s parish, the considerat ion of wh ich is

a yearly rent of 5 s. to be paid to the ch ief lords of the fee, the brethren of

St . Giles’s hospital .

”

(Same reign)— a grant fromRoger de Clare, master,and the brothers and sisters of St . Giles

’

s hosp ital, toWalterCristmasse, _ofa plot of land of theirjée, situate on the hyde (Al dewy ch) in the parish

of St. Gi les, _subject to an annual payment at their court of sixpence.

A grant fromAdamde Stoke to Richard Champnum, of amessuage inSt. Giles

’s parish ; rent yearly to the ch ief lords of the fee , themasterand

brothers and sisters of St. Giles’s hospital, at their court of St . Giles’

s,”half

amark — Also,

(Reg.Edw.— Grant fromthe master and brothers '

and sisters of hos

p ital , toWil l iamRichard and wife, of certain land in Aldewych, to hold by

See confirmatory charterof Henry II.See grants at the end of Account o f Hospital .

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PARISH ;

'

underhim,)came much of it in after- times to b e the property of the hospital,by grants fromthe holders, in way of charity to that foundation ; and was,with other port ions of the hospital estates, exchanged, as has been shewn, withHenry VIII. B ut themanor continued in the hosp ital til l the dissolut ion,whenit was granted with

- the hosp ital and otherpremises, to lord L isle — who two

years afterwards conveyed .to.

-

.Wymond Carewe, “ the h osp ital mansion, or

manor- house of St .Giles, with otheradjoining buildings and . land —but not,

as appears fromany words in the licence, themanor itself ; wh ich probab lycontinued in lord L isle’

s own hands,’

till by his attaindera nd execution, in

the reign of Mary , it reverted to the crown .

On . the reversal of .the attainder, and restoration of the estates to AmbroseDudl ey , son and he ir of the duke of Northumb erland (formerly lord L isle,)themanor of St . Giles, we may presume, came again into the possession of, the

Dudley family ; but does not appear to have continued in it long, as in the

yeart l 565 , (5 Eliz .)it was held by the lord Mountjoy , in right of his wife

Katherine, whetherby descent or purchase, we knownot .

(Eliz . 13. c .c . 15, — By b i l l in Chancery , forperformance of trusts as tothismanor, Charles Blounte, esq . v . sirCotton Gargrave, hart . it is stated

(int. alia) that the right honourab le James Blount, bart . late lord Mountjoydeceased, (fatherandmotherof the said CharlesBlounte, administrator,were in their life - times seised (int. alia) in their demesne as of fee and right,of t hemanor of St . Giles, in the county of Middlesex, as wel l as of rents,

lands,'

and tenements, . situated at Hoggesdon (Hoxton,) and in the c ity of

L ondon - and that they , the said lord Mountjoy andwife, about the fifth'

year

of the reignof Elizabeth , did grant and to farmlet unto Thomas Hemmingewaye, all that theirmessuage ortenement cal led the Maidenhead , parcel of the

saidmanor, situate in the same parish of St .Giles, with its appurtenances, to

ho ld -for 99 years— and the same year did g rant to Thomas Ampth ill , all

those eleven messuages or tenements, with the appurtenances, situate in the

same parish, on the south side of the town, al so parcel of the samemanor, tohold for99 years; — and (7Eliz .) did furth er demise for 1 , l OO. y ears, unto the

said sir Cotton Gargrave and Thomas Cotton, certain premises in the countyof D orset , to hold to the use of the said lady Katherine Mountjoy ; providedthe said James lord Mountjoy did exonerate and discharge, somuch of the

said

MISCELLANEOUS.—MANORS .OF ST. GILES, 850 .

said manor of St. Giles, as the said lord Mountjoy ,

-

and lady ,Katherine*had

mortgaged for unto Rob ert Browne, and Thomas Browne his .son'

;

wh ich cond itionwas not dischargedThat onemaster Cope, c itizen of London,nknowing .of the - said leases .to

Hemingewaye and :Ainpthill, did afterwards dike amortgage of t he saidgpre

mises in St . Giles’s, of the said . lord Mountjoy, and had the same forfeited fora trifle in respect of .themvalue t hereof ; and neither complainant norh ismother, ladyMountjoy , were lawfully . ab le to enteron

(account thereof ;

And prays rel ief, 8m.In consequence of th ismortgage tomaster Cope, or by otherl

meanswe areunacquainted with , themanorof St . Gi les (as appearsby documentsof a lat erdate)was transferred fromlord Mountjoy and his he irs, into the pos

'

session of

th e Cap es, who ranked for several years afterwards amongst themost distinguished inhab itants of the parish , and was next held by sirWalterCope who

dying left it with his other estates, to his sole daughterand heiress, Isabe lla

Cope . Isabel la Copemarry ing sir Henry Riche, knight, (second son .of the

lord Riche of Ken‘

sington,) themanor in herright became the property of herhusband ; and was, 144 Jac . I, by indenture between the . said sir Henry R iche,dame Isab el la Riche, and dame Dorothy Cope, (mother of the said Isabella,and relict of the saidWalterCope,)sold to Ph i l ip Gifford and ThomasRisley ,esquires

,trustees forHenry earl of Southampton, “ in considerat ion. of the sum

of

The fo l lowing (as appears by a sub

sequent b il l) were o ther premises, part of

th ismanor; and account, with the foregoingstatement, for the Cotton family becomingparishioners of St .Giles

’

s

(Eliz .c . c . 51 ,- Robert Cotton

, Tho

mas Grasty ,Wil liamParry , 8Lc .—Claimby

lease ofmessuages in High Holborne, parcel

o f themanorof St .Giles, late y° inheritanceo flord Mountjoy .

— States, t hat James late lordMountjoy, and the lady Katherine his wife,did on the 1 1 th of May (8Eliz .) lease untoThomas Cotton, kut . father of Robert Cotton, .o f Gray

’

s- inn, esq . complainant, the

fo l lowing premises, o f which the said lordMountjoy was seised in righ t of hiswife,the same being theirdemesne, as of fee, 8m.

v iz . One then entire greatmessuage ortenemente, nowsithence being d ivided into twosev

" " messuages or tenements, and nowor

late b eing in the sev’

all tenures of ThomasStafford and Margery Evans And also, ofand in four othermessuages or tenements,sc ituate inHigheHolborne, late in the tenure

o f .MilesGoul ty , being also leased by a leasethereof, made and dated 5Eliz . (1 565) ford ivers years, of which five yearswere then(1 598)to come and unexpired ; to ho ld for90years, at a rent of fourmarks perannumComplainsthat the aforesaid premisesareheldfromhim

, the said Ro bert Co tton, as.h_eirof his fatherThomas Cotton, by the afore

named defendants,and prays relief, 8t c .

U U 2

331

MasterCope.

ST. GILES’S PAR I SH

of paid by the said'most nob le Henry earl of Southampton, &c . by

the descript ion of

All that themanorand dissolved hosp ital, commonly called themanor ord issolved hospital of St.Giles- in - the-fields,without the bars of London, in the

county of Middlesex, with all theirrights, members, and appurtenances ; andall and singularmessuages,mills, houses, edifices,

'

struc tures, gardens, orchards,

situate in the villages, hamlets, parishes, and fields of St. Giles- in - the-fields,

St.Pancras, Kentish Town, Maribone, St.Mart in- in- the- fields, Holborne, High

Holborne, and Paddington, in the county of Middlesex, or elsewhere in , . the

same county ; except the tythes of a certain parcel of land cal led BL OOMSBURY,sold to one Samuel Knowles.”

FromHenry earl of Southampton, themanor of St .Giles(togetherwith thatof Bloomsbury, wh ich was before in the same family) descended to his son

and heir, ThomasWriothesley , fourth earl of Southampton, and lord - treasurer

to Charles II, who held it till his death in 1668, when it b ecame the propertyof his daughter and co- heir

'

ess lady Rachel Russell, the wife of the celebratedWilliamlord Russell, who by hermarriage brought it into the Bedford family ,the present holders of themanor of St . Gi leswith Bloomsbury .

BLOOMSBURY MANOR.—Th ismanor is bounded on the south by themanor

of St . Giles, (fromwh ich it was formerly parted by Blemunde’s diche on the

north , by the prebend of Tottenhall on the east, by themanor of Portpool,or Gray

’s- Inn ; and on the west, by that of Mary

- le- bone. Its name hasbeen before accounted for.

The successor of the Blemunde fami ly , is stated in the hospital deeds, to

have been a SirWilliamBelet, knight , of Ch igwel l, who in a grant, 19Edw.

'

I,

fromWill iamWetheresfeld, master of the hospital, to Gervase de ScoEgidio,(see

Trin . Term, 1 5 Jac . I, Roll lxiiij.

In the Lord Treasurer’

s o ffice in theExchequer, D . Ph o . Gifford, ar. et Thomas Risley , ar. oc h at ad ostend

’ quaremaner’ e tHospital

’

,siii Egid ij in Campis, cfi p

’

tinin

in com. et Civit’ pod in man’

DhiR. namracone alienaconis inde capi e t seisi non

dehh”

The fo l lowing places in St. Giles’

s

parish, are in themanorof St . James; v iz .

The whole of its southern side or hal f,

reach ing in length fromHog- lane orCrown

stree t, west ; to L incoln’

s- inn - fields, east ;

and in bread th fromthe hospital wal ls, and

the l ine formed by St . Giles’

s- street

'

and Hol

born, to Elm- c lose or Long- acre, in part,

and St . C lements parish, in o ther part ; and

inc lud ingMarsh land,Aldwy chwest and east,L incoln ’

s- inn - fields, and the land antient lycalled Spencer

’

sLond .

”

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ST. GILES’S PAR I S H ;

(with reference to thisparish) that noth ing in said act should extend orbe con

strued to extend to deprive al ter or take away any rights or dueswhatsoev er,wh ich the then present rec tor of .St. Gi les- in- the- fields should ormight , duringthe time of his being rector thereof, be legally intitled to out of the said new

parish, after the consecrat ion of the said newchurch ,”the . and

by act l st George I, it was further enacted, that until an effectual separation

and d ivision of the parishes of St . Giles- in - the - fields and B loomsbury could be

had and obtained,accord ing to the powers, 8CC. given for that purpose by the

act 10 Anne, the officers of the said newparish of Bloomsbury , fromand after

the 25 th of March 1731, were to be chosen annually , at such t imes as the

churchwardens overseers and otherofficerswere chosen annually for St . Giles’

s

parish and all rates for the relief of the poor“

of both the said parishes,were to bemade by the overseersof bo th parishes jointly , and levied, accountedfor, and d isposed of, the same as if th is ac t had no t beenmade . The work

house of St. Giles’s also was dec lared to be for the joint use and benefit of

both parishes, and was to be repaired , supported, maintained and managedfromt ime to t ime, as should b e thought ne cessary by the vestries, and at the

joint expence of both parishes provided, that all rights t itles and c laimswhatsoever, were and should be saved to the most nob leWriothesley duke of

Bedford,

The act 3 Geo . II, states in continuat ion, That pursuant to the acts of

10 Anne, 860 . a seit e for a church had been purchased , and a newchurch built

thereup on, nearBloomsburymarket , in the parish of St. Giles- in - the - fields,-&c .

and a seite fora house for aministerhad also b een purchased, and a house built

accord ingly thereupon, near the said newchurch and a d istrict ordivision for

a new parish to the said newchurch had b een laid out , and'

the bounds and

limits thereof described ; that the said newparish was taken out of, and part of

the parish of St . Giles- in the fields and as yet the said newchurch had not

been consecrated, nor any prov 1s1on made for themaintenance of the rector

and hissuccessors — enacts therefore, that towards'

raising fsuchmaintenance,&c. the sumof should be allot ted and appointed,

‘

and be'

lai'

d out

in purchasing lands, for the use of such rector, and for and towards his

maintenance, 860 .

The act then further proc eeds to state a proposit ion of the parish ioners of

St . Giles, provided theirow'

n church should be rebuilt as one of the intended

fifty

MISCELLANEOUS.—BLOOMSBURY CHURCH AND PARISH.

fifty newchurches, viz . that they werewill ing to pay towards the bettermaintenance of ; the rectorof such new church , states that such sumwasaccepted , and directs the same to be laid out in purchasing land ; and enacts,

that the annual rent of such land so to be purchased with the said two sums ofand 258. be deemed and taken to .b e the annual maintenance cf

the rector of . the newfl church, over and above such fees and dues as should

be long to him, and the house forhis hab itat ion ; and over and above al l such

gifts and b equestsas should not exceed in the whole the yearly value of £2 00 .

Enac ts that a cemetery or churchyard be appointed for the newparish ; that

the commissioners'

(with the consent of the vestry of such new parish) hav e

power to aflixt he'

sums to be paid to the rector and officers - for burials ; ~

'

and

that all _v aul tstf

under'

the church , (excep t those be longing to the rector’

s

dwel l ing house,)as also the vestry - room, seats, pews, &c . be at the d isposal ofthe churchwardens, with the rector’sconsent, &c .

Thescite of the intended newchurch was purchased forthe sumof

of lady Rache l Russe l l and the duchess of Bedford, by the descript ion of‘f All that p iece or parcel of ground, situate ly ing and being within the

manor or reputed manor of B loomsbury , and parish of St. Giles- in - the- fields ;

containing, in front, towards the south , on Hart - street , 1061} feet of assize,or thereabouts; and fromSouth to north, 165 feet, or thereabouts; and in

front , towards the north , on L itt le Russe l - street, 1063 feet of assize, or thereabouts,

”agreeab ly to a p lan annexed to the deed of sale. And it was dec lared

in the same deed, that such ground was so purchased for the building of a newchurch, and that there shou ld not be any person buried therein .

The church was erec ted previously to the year 17241. For on the 8th of

January in that year, fiv e of the commissioners, by deed pol l under theirhands

The vestry and churchwardens state,

in making this proposition, a scheme for

raising a y early inc ome of £ 350 , for therec tor, as fo l lows

The Easter o fferings, £ 10 0 ; b urialsand register fees as rec

d by y°

p'serit rec tor,

70 ; marriages, c hristenings and church

ings, 30 ; Out o f y°

pub li’

ke money , of

£ 1 0 0 ; The parish'

to purchase in

South Sea”

,

annu

it

ies

, £50 , making £. 35o

per ann ;um”and offer

,mcase o f defic iencyormiscalcnlation tomake goodsuch amount ;

335

Maintenanceof rector.

Scite of

church .

Churcherec ted and

consecrated.

and intreat th e commissioners in c onsideration o f their so doing to reb uild, St . Giles

’

s

church,orif that be no t though t proper, that

£. 8,ooo may be given towards enab ling theparishioners to rebui ld it . And add as a fur

therreason, that the o ld pa1ish by the pro

jec ted d ivision, whic h takes fromthemthe

fargreater part of . the ric h inhabi ta nts,and

l eaves themalmost all the poor, wil l be. to

tal ly d isab led fromreb uilding orsupportingit themse lves, St e . These inducements

,it

wil l be seen above, were successful .

336 ST.

‘

GILES’S P ARI SH ;

hands and seals, did dec lare and appoint , that thesaid church shoul d fromand

forever afterthe enro lment of that deed , and the consecration of the said church,

be made a parish church . And by the same deed , the commissioners did describe, set out and appoint , a certain port ion of the parish of St . Giles- in - the

fields, asand for the l imitsof'

a newparish for the said church ; but eitherfromthe want of funds or some other cause, the commissioners did not make any

provision for the rector, unt il after the before -mentioned proposition, and

passing of the act of 3 GeorgeII.

The commissioners appointment of a parish for the newchurch of St . George,

Bloomsbury , dated 8 January 1724, after rec iting the purchase of the ground

to build the church on, fromlady Russell , 810 . and that such church had b een

erected and built on the piece of ground so purchased, states, that said commissioners did dec lare d irec t and appoint the said church to be a parish church ,and also that there should be a parish to the said church . The bounds hr

limits of such parish , accord ing to the same deed, were to be as followAt and fromthe stone call ed the old boundary stone, towards the north

east side of the parish of St . Giles, and with in 18 § perches of the north -west

corner of the newbury ing ground there, by the Pindar ofWakefield, and fromthence proceeding to the north -west angle of the said bury ing ground, at 1 5

perch distance fromthe same ; then proceeding in a straight l ine southwards,unto the footway that leads fromRed L ion - street to Hampstead, being over

against

In a printed paperof the t ime, ent itied

, The Case of the New Parish of

B loomsbury ,”St e. it is stated

, That the t e

venues of the newparish of B loomsbury wil lconsist of the fol lowing artic les, and amounttothe undermentioned sums ; v iz .

Easterofferings for souls,

at 4d . perhead, exc lusively s.

o f the highersumswhichmay 1 0 0

b e given by the nob ility and

gentry

Burials, upon an average, aling 300 y early , at each

, 1 0 0

fees .

d .

Marriagesand christeniugs, exc luswely of ex tra sumsgiven 60by the rich

Yearly produce of ab out 1 ,340 l .being the5oth part of 67,oool . f . s. d .

al lo tted out o f the coal fund, 60

to maintain the ministersthe newc hurch

Yearly val ue of the house al low40

ed to the rec tor

£360

This computation is stated to be exc lusively ofmany lessersourcesof incomewh ichthe rec torwould have

,orbe l ikely to have,

and is p leaded as a reason fornot burthen

ing the parish ioners of the new parish witha pound

- rate,as had been intended ; and

the amount o f wh ich, ac cording to . se«

veral calculat ions therein made, would, iflevied, b emore than suffic ient and properfor the rec tor

’

smaintenance.

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S T. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

to be the district and division of and for the newparish for the said church ;

and the said church should be, and it is thereby appointed to be the parish

church of and forsuch district and division.

March 8, 1730, the commissioners by another deed, rec iting in part the

former; and also"

recitingthat the lord b ishop’

of London, ordinary of the p lace

wherein the said newchurch did stand, h ad on the 28th of January then last

consecrated the said 'church, and that said church had thereby become a parishchurcly zand

"

the distric t allotted to it had also become a newparish , by the,

name l'of' The'Church and Parish '

of Sr. GEORGEBL OOMSBURY ; did nominateand elect, with

-

t he consent of the said b ishop of LOndon, ordinary as afore

said, certain persons! therein named, as and forvestrymen of the newparishtogether

lwith the rector and churchwardens for‘

the time being, being suffi

c ient inhab itants, And 'did furtherappoint that the number of personswhereof the said vestry should consist , should not any time exceed thirty - six

persons,“

besides'

the rectOrand churchwardens; who sliciuld be always of such

vestry during their continuance in office.

These vestrymenand their‘

successors, by the'

act 10 Anne,Were to have and

exercise the like 'powers‘

and authorit ies for'

ordering and regulating the

affairs ofi thenewparish , as the ‘vestrymen of ‘

the parish‘

out of which such

newparish,'

orr the greaterpart‘thereofi

'should be taken, had and exerc ised .

”

And it was therein declared, “That all parochial customs, usages, bye lawsand wpriviledges,

‘

then in force sor’useWithin 'any present parish wh ich should

be’

divided, might at ’all t imes after, and notwithstanding such division, con

tinne and -be in force,"

aswell in‘

and forevery newparish of which the whole

or the g reater part shoul d be take’

n out of such present parish, as in and for

such parish‘

as should ‘

remain '

to the present paroch ial c hurch, and be used

enjoyed and observed by the inhab itants thereof respec tively, asfaras the sameshould '

not berepugnant to the lawsof t he realm, ’

and the intent of'

said act .”

And certain powers are -

given formaking an effec tual and perpetual divisionof such parishes or districts so divided, as

’

to the c hurch’

rates, relief of the

poor and other parish rates but as these powers have not been acted upon,

and'

Amongthese nameswere l

the follow-I HenryFeatherstone, sirWil liamHumphries,ing d istinguished persons, who formed part sirHans Sloane,

‘

and Mr. serjeant Baynes,of th is first v estry

—Wriothesley duke of Wil l iamHucks, (the brewer) SEC . The restBedford, Ch ief lUSticeEyre, baron Thomp weremost ly gentlemen ortradesmen of highson, Sir

- JamesHal let, sirConrade Springel, respec tab il ity .

John duke of Montague, sirJohn‘

Cope, sir x

MISCELLANEOUS.- BLOOMSBURY CHURCH AND PARISH.

and are b lended with certain prov isions for the government of the parishes,they are comprized under that head . M

The commissioners having regard to the numbero f. v estrymen in the oldparish, appointed, as has been , seen, the same number of t h irty- six for this;exclusively of the rector and churchwardens. And .

,by the ac t 3Geo. II,the choice of lecturer orafternoon preacher is, contrary to the customof . the

old parish, vested in the rectorand vestrymen of the newparish -4 ASH-w

The parochial customs, uses, iof the old parish being communicated to,and directed to continue and be in f orce

.

in, the newaswell as old parish,(exceptwhere altered by the said late act the numberof vestrymen at presentnecessary to constitute a vestry is thirteen at the least. At their firstmeeting,wh ich was on the 17th of March 1730 , (nine days after theirappointment,they elected and appointed a vestry c lerk, parish c lerk, lecturer, sexton,

‘

six

pew openers, three bearers in ordinary, and bearers extraordinary .- 2And at

their second meeting, wh ichwas on the 24th of the samemonth, the rentspayab le for seats and pews in the church, were ascertained and settled .

”A nd

it was resolved that prayers should be read twice everyWeek day - l ind the

church ; and that the reader should be allowed for such seririce per

num, to commence on the day following.

By the authority of the same act, 10 Anne, the commissmners purchased in1713 a piece of ground fora churchyard , wh ich was afterwards appointed tobe the churchyard of this parish . It 13 described 1n the deed of sale asi

All that piece or parcel o fmeadoworpasture ground, p art of a certainfield, containing by estimation 16 '

acres, as the same was then staked out and

d ivided, containing in the whole three acres or = thereabouts ; abutting east

part ly upon the queen’s highway leading fromGray’ s Inn to Highgate, and

partly upon the said field south ; and west upon a certain field or fields of theright honourab le the countess dowager of Sal isbury , and Bennett, or one'

of them, and then in the occupation of ThomasFuller ; and north upon partof the Sixteen Acre Field,

”asmore ful ly described in a plan annexed to the

said indenture.

And it was thereby declared, that the said p iece of ground and premises,were purchased and intended forthemaking of two clzurclzy ards or cemeteriesfor the burial of the dead one whereof ly ing to the southward, and con

taining about one acre and a quarter, was to be laid to the newchapel situatein Queen- square, then called St . George

’s- square, but which was intended to

x x 2 be

Theirfirstmeeting.

B loomsburyburialground.

ST. GILES’S

'

PARISH ;

bemade aparochial church And the other, containing likewise nearly an acre

and a quarter, and adjoining the former, wasdesigned to b e a churchyard, and

was to be appropriated to some other newchurch to be erected, as should

be thereafter appointed by the said commissioners. And the remaining partof the said purchased premises, containing about half an acre, was to remainfora common passage to the said churchyards respec tively . And

March 243 1730, a committee was appointed by vestry to Viewth is latter

churchyard, then appropriated to St . George B loomsbury , and to give such

directions for the management thereof as they should think proper. And

1 April 1731, it was resolved, that an appl icat ion by petition should bemadeto the said commissioners, forthe purchasing of af oot p assage to the said burial

ground, and that the vestry of St . George the Martyr should be requested to

join ,therein.

The freehold and inheritance of the -newchurchyard, with themansion or

dwelling- house of the rector, are by the same act of Anne, vested in such

rec torand his successors who are declared to be seised thereof as in his andtheir demesne as of fee in right of the church, in suchmanneras other rectorsare seised of theirrespec tive churches and glebe.

The fol lowing fewnoticesare fromthe vestry minutes of th is parish1 April 1731 —The duke of Bedford presented the parish with one hundred

guineas to buy communion plate.

It appearsby theminutes of the same vestry , that the commissmners had leftthe church without a pu lpit , for amoving desk orpulp itwas ordered, in order

to try in what part of the church themin isterwould be best heard .

3d Dec . 1731 —A rate of sixpence in the pound wasordered to bemade onthe inhab itants of th is parish, towards defray ing the chargesalready 1ncurredin and about the newchurch and churchyard . And a committee reported, thatthey had caused agallery to b e built on thewest side fromnorth to south, at an

expence of £ 140, wh ich was paid by Mr.Milner, whowou ldwait for repayment thereof,with interest, unt il therentsof the pews in such gallery should besufficient for that purpose.

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Pincerna

Blemonte.

Russell .

Spencer.

ST. GILES’ S PARI S H ;

estates, or at least some of them, were gardens and pleasure houses, which

Fitzstephens tellsus, the wealth ierLondoners had then in great numbers inthe suburbs.

PINCERNA.—Williamle Pincerna (butler)ad escendant of the firstWilliam

de Alb ini Pincerna, who came overwith the Conqueror, (and fromwhomand

his’

youngerbrother, Nigel de Alb ini, sprung the(

earls of Arundell,) has been

noticed to have been .among the first proprietors of land in .

’

th is parish, ~ four

acres of which , sold by . him.to St. Giles

’sahospital , are confirmed to that

charity by Henry H’s chart er; but .whetherrhe lived in the parish .

'

does~ not

appear. The like doub t, asto residence, attachesto two otherpersons, Geofferythe son of Fredesaud, and Brungarro le Stepne, landholders here, and whose

grants of premises are recognized in the same charter..The following seemto

have actually dwelt in the parish :

BLEMONTE.— This family was the first aswell in point of t ime as of 1mpor

tance, of whommention ismade, and appear to have been seated here nearlyas early as the conquest . Of these very antient parish ioners, an account has

been already given .

—See Chap, III, Account of Hospital— head, Anniv er

sary Ob its, &c .

RUSSEL L FAMIL Y .- Contempo

'

rary with the Blemontes, and holding estates

in or nearBloomsbury, wasanother eminent family, of the name of Russel

but whetherany way related to the present nob le owners of themanor of thee name, does not appear. Seman Russel,WilliamSeman (Russel.)hisson,

and Henry Russel , the grandson, grant various pieces of land; described in

the deeds as abutting on the way leading toT otten hall (Tottenham- courts

road), and whichmust have stood on the nearly so, of the present

GreatRussell- street . Wil liamRussel, another. of the . family '

also, witnesses

several of the hospital deeds. .These Russelsrwere inhabitants‘

of the parishduring the reigns of Henry 1 11,Edward I, and Edward II.Seaman — The D ispensators,

”orSpencers(probab ly ancestors of the pres

sent nob le family of the same name,)held land near-Fikattesfeld, which 'fromthemwascalled Spencer

’s Loud,

”and a d itch by which itwas bounded , ‘was

named Spencer’sDig, and Spencer’8 Dyke orD iche. rWill iamD ispensator, orD ispenser, the elder, Rob ert D ispenser,WilliamD ispenser the grandson, and

Mil itent and Roysia Dispenser (wives of the two latter,) are mentioned,either as proprietors of, or witnesses to transfers of estates, in various deedsof Edward the First ’s time.

Cuarsrnmasss,

BIOGRAPHICAL .—ANTIENT PARISHIONERS. 843

Carsrnmassn, SACKVIL LE, &c .—The family of the Cristemasses, of which ‘ Cristemasse

,

Alan,William, and Nicholas Cristemasse vare mentioned in succession -the

first as donorof an annual sumof twelve pence, to buy lights for the hospital

church, and , the nothersf afterwards arid of'

~whichWalter‘Cristhn i

aéSe,’

a

i

de

scendant,‘

-

.was; parisha

p1iest of St . the‘

t ime ofhere fora number t of y ears.

« Sh ea- v illa; o‘

r‘

Sac‘

kville w‘

a‘s’irndther

'

r

n'

ame‘ofconsequence

uamong the early p arishioners; ith'

e head’of

’

which ”might'

be arf

ancestorof the Dorset‘familyC). 5

‘ ‘i

‘ ” in“ it

An AdamleW , whetheranfanéestorof theDrurysWho ‘

lgavé

name to Drury - lanes?)alsoh eld lands“

here about the sar‘

n'

e periodwith the fore:going. ;The othernamesofmost note nearth is time wereRalp h and Serlo deWenningtone, ‘

or-Wenningtun'

, whowere '

p'

ropr'

ietors ofthat districtmthe parish called Socha deWennington,” on the west side ofAldewych .

H ugh de B lundi, anotherconsiderab le landholder, whose estate'

la'

y oppositethe Soc

’deWennington.

Thomas de la H ale, and Isabel Spretton. They gave name to the croft of

land called L a Hale ‘and Sprettony, a slip of land

'

adjoining it ; each sepaQ

rating St . Clements and St .Gi les’s parishes, and part ly situated in both and

were parish ionersof the formerabout the reign ofEdward IICliderowe, &c .

- SirRobert de Cliderowe had a'

seat near the site of LittleQueen- street,

”

or' between that and L incoln ’

s- inn-fields ;’

and the capitalmes:suage of PVilliamdeThurheby , is also

'mentioned ingrantsofEd'

véard the First ’st ime, who was h imself a considerab le landholder, andmakes different transfersof ground in the old deeds.

Many otherpersons, whose‘

names 1t isne'edless to '

repeat,’

and whosepro

perty evidently-was considerab le, will 'be

‘

found ment ioned '

iis"

Parishiohersinthe grants of th is t ime:Fromthe reign of Edward ‘III, to that of Henry

'

VIII,“

a chasmoccurs fromwant of documents, in the h istory of the

: inhab itants '

of this'whi'chqcan

onlyThe Sackv illeswere ' lohgbefore

’the The descendantii of this

v

farnilywereConquest, lords of the signiory of Sackv i l le, great merchants,‘as

" late"

as“

the’"

reign ofin Normandy , which was antiently writ ten Edw. IV, and arementioned in the wil l ofSolchev illa, Salcavilla, and Sicca—vil la, and sirJohn Crosby, of Crosby - house, Bishops.fromwhenééth is family was denominated. gate- street

, to whomthey were then relatedSee G

'

ough’

sFun. Monuments.

Le Drineri,

Wennington.

Elundi.

Lord Lisle.

ST. GILES’ S PARI SH ;

onl y bevery imperfectly supplied . In fac t, except the residents at themanor

house of Bloomsbury , and possibly a fewof the persons connected with the

hosp ital estab l ishment, there seems tohave been scarcely any other inhab itants

in the parish, during th is long interval , than shopkeepersand peasants. Some of

these shopkeepersand tradesmens names are preserved l n the hosp ital grants, aswell as theirprofessions. Many of these were denominated fromthe places theyl ived in, or the trades they followed, asGervase le L y ngedrap

’

(linen draper,)Reginald leTailleur,Robert leMower,Robert leCrieur, Bartholomew, Clamatoris,(crier of the court of King

’s Bench Roger le Fol (minstrel or jester,)

Robert de ScoEg idio, &c. The spot the above dwelt in, for themost part, wasthemain street ; the peasantry , and what fewgentry there were, occupied the

less pub l ic situations. An account ofEminent Parish ioners of a later date

follows

Eminent ParishionersfromH en. 7 III to end of reign of CharlesI .

L ORDEmma— Th is nob leman we have seen resided in part'

of the hospital

buildings, on receiving the grant of themfromHenry‘

VIII. He was the

eldest son of Edmund D udley , executed with Empson, in 1509, and well

known as the rapac ious agents of Henry VII. His mother wasEl izab eth ,daughter of Edward Grey Viscount L isle, who fiv e years afterher husband

’s

deathmarried ArthurPlantaganet, natural son of Edward IV, by lady Elizab eth Lucy ; and wh ich Arthur Plantagenet was afterwards in her right

created Viscount L isle. John Dud ley was born in 15022 was, on the reversalof his father’s attainder, created Viscount L isle, subsequentlymade lord highadmiral, and was left one of the sixteen executors of Henry VIIIth

’s will .

Anno 1547, he was created earl ofWarwick, and had the office conferred on

himof great Chamberlain of England ; he was nextmade a knight of the

garter andm155 1, to complete his h igh honors, was advanced to the dignityof earlmarshal of England, and created duke of Northumberland .

On the death of the duke of Somerset, uncle of Edward VI, who fell throughhis intrigues, he became head of the counc il ; and vested with th is authority ,had the address to prevail with the youthful Edward, to violate the order of

succession, in order to set the crown on,

the head of his daughter- in - law, the

lady Jane Grey , who after the king’s death was accordingly proclaimed queen.

The accession of Mary , and the events wh ich followed, are wel l known.

Arrested for the part he had taken‘

in this transaction, hewaswith his son,

the

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ST. GILES’S PARI S H ;

WYMOND CAREWE.— Th is gent leman was the purchaser

'

of the hospital site

and buildings fromlord L isle, and . prObably’

OccUpied themafter He

presented, as patron of St . Giles’s church , the

'

first -rectorO'

u Newcourt ’s list;

anno 1547. Anotherresident , .near the same period, on part Of the hospitalprec incts;

iwas’ the‘ Celebratedf dwelling ismentioned in lord L isle’

s licence

to'

'

convey~toWymond Carewe AndrewBorde,

” :

(saysMr. Granger;)“_ia

la‘

ti'

n'

Yhia‘reas‘

physic ian toHenryVIII, and'

an admired 'wit

in‘

hisreigiil”

: tHe was‘

author of The .Breviar'

y of Tales iof the

Mad‘

Men'

Of Gotha’m,

”'and of the Introduc t ion of

Knowledgey thev

w'

hych idothe teache aman to speak al maneriof languages,and to ku t he usuage and fashion'

of a] maner Of Dedydated to

the right'

hon’

orable and ‘

gracious lady‘Mary, daughter of king Henry the

Eygh tlf’ imprin ted by .William’

C opeland , without date.4—See

foi" a'

further account Of him, H'

e

'

arne’

s'

Appendit O hisPrefaceto Benedictus

AbbasPetroburg'

en'

sisf" The. name Of Merry Andrew, since SOfamiliar, is said to have b een firstgiven to Dr. Borde

'

on account of his‘

p leasantries’

. In the lat terpart of This

life he grewserious, and took ' upon himthe '

order of'

a

the .Cl1arterhOuse‘ at L ondon . I It does not appear how. ldn‘

g heWas a'

.

pa'

.

rishione'

r‘

of St . Gi les.L ORD MOUNTJOY.

— Blount lord Mountjoy,was lord of themanorOf St. Giles,in right of hiswife Catherine ; he was also owner of the large tenement calledthe Mazdenhead, and of various other estates in the parish, of which mention hasalready beenmade

'

in '

the’

account of St . Giles’smanor b ut we have

no posit ive evidence that‘

hewas a parishioner. He was acelebrated character

in the reign ofEl izabeth .

HENRY HOLFORD,-Ancestor of the family of the same name, and whose

descendants inhab ited in this parish formore than a century , and were amongits b est benefactors. He owned , joint ly with sir Henry Drury , the estate

cal led Oldwick ClOse . Thisgentleman also l ived in the reign of El izabeth, asdid the person nextment ioned .

ALAN COTTON .— He was the owner of an estate in Holborn, and the father

of sirRobert Cotton, the great ant iquary . There were other persons of thisfamily inhab itants Of St . will be presently not iced .

BIOGRAPHICAL — EMINENT PARISHIONERS. 347

RICH , L ORD HOL LAND , .was the second son to Robert, the first {earl ofWar Rich , lordwick of th is family , and brother toRobert earl OfWarwick who d ied lu 1618 Holland.

He wasmade a.knight of the bath at prince Of.Wales, inthe year 1611 ; and in 15 Jac I, was constituteducaptain ,Of the;king

’s guard

(on the resignation of Viscount Fenton ;)and March was advanced to

the dignity of a baron of the realm, by the t itle of lord Kensington. Immediately he received th is honour he was sent on a spec ial mission to Spain,where Charles prince ofWales, af terwards king Charl es I, then was; in , prder

to assist in negot iat ing hismarriage with the Infanta; And after the ,failure of

that treaty , was the ensuing year sent into France on a like"

errand, in respect

to the prince’s union with HenriettaMaria, the. ,daughter

"

of Henry JV

On the 244th ofS eptember1 625 ; he .was'

created e arl’

of Hol land in Lincolnsh ire, ,

was afterwards installed a knight of the garter; and in'

1630, he'

was

made constab le ofWindsorcastle and .upon the first insurrection of the Scots,was const ituted a general of horse, in .the expedition undertaken against them.

Espousizng .the king’s cause, h e was taken prisonerat Kingston- upon

-Thames,July

'

7, 1648, and after. some months confinement in the .Towe"

r, was comdemned and beheaded beforeWestminster hal l , March . 16487 9 .

0

By Isab el la Cope his. _wife, daughter and he ir, Of sir\Wal_terCOpe .Of Ken

sington, (com. Middx.)he left , among other. ch ildren, a son, >Rob ert, who suc

ceeding as earl of Ho l land,married the daughter of sirArthur Ingram, knight ,

(a parish ionerof and wh ich Robert d ied 1675 . Thisearl Robert ,

l ike his father and unc le, was an inhab itant of th is. parish, and is noticed in an

entry in the”

churchwardens ac countsin the p lague year 1665, as fol lows

1665 .— Rec

’Of Dr. Boremanfromthe lord B itch, the same of 58. 10, guift

money .

”. 1

EARL orMARCH —Th is nob leman lived in Drury lane, . 1n 16Q3 ,"

and con

tributed 40 . by the hands of Mr. Speckart , towards rebuild ing the church.

He was the younger brother of L odowick duke Of son . of

Elsme ~-Stuart duke of L ennox. . He was, under the name Of Elsme.Stuart,

lord Aub igny , raised. to the earldomof March , anno 1696 was subsequentlycreated duke of L ennox, and d ied in 1624. His successor,

’ James, wascreated duke Of Richmond, August 8 , 1641 .

His

Warwick- house, Holborn.— This of the family Of Rich, or at least of this"

appears to havebeen then the townmansion branch Of it .

Y Y 9.

Earl ofMarch .

ST.f GILES’

S fPARISH ;

Hiswido’

w,

‘

Catherine duchess of Lennox, cont inued to reside in the parish

after her husband’s death, and was one Of the committee (with l adyD ud ley

and other females of rank) appointed to regulate the entertainment given to

L aud, bishop Of L ondon, at“

the consecrat ion of the church in 1630 ; and

t owardswh ich she was also a contributor. She was the sole daughter and

'heir of Sir Gervase Cl ifton, afterwards created lord Clif ton, of L eighton

Bromswold, in the county of Hunt ingdon ; a branch of wh ich fami ly werealso parish ioners of St . Giles

’s.

EARL OF

'

NORTHUMBRRL AND .—The evidence of thisgreat peerhaving resided

here is, two entries in the churchwardensaccounts of the year 1640, ofmoney

Earl of Bath .

paid by his steward, Mr. Carthony , for his flesh l icence in Lent ; and for

money gathered at his house at a communion .

”He was Algernon Percy ,

the tenth earl of Northumberland ; wasborn 1602 , and d ied Octob er 18 , 1668 .

By his second'

wife, El izabeth, daughter of the earl Of Suffolk, he becamein 1649 , possessed of Suffolk house in the Strand, since cal led Northumb erland house, to which he then probab ly removed fromSt . Giles

’s.

' His son,

Jocel ine, e leventh earl of Northumb erland, married the lord 'Southampton’s

daughter (sister. of L ady Rachel Russel , and afterwardswife of Ralph firstduke of Montague ;) and one Of his daughters (the L ady Anne Percy)married the first earl of Chesterfield, who lived in Bloomsbury - square, whereshe died in ch i ld - b irth , aged Q ] .

EARL or BATH .— The earl of Bath ’

s residence in the parish , is noticed inan entry in the year 1640, thus

16410— P‘l for a shroude for a poore woman that dyed under the earl ofBath

’swal l Q s. 6d .

” Th iswasHenry Bourchier, son of Sir'

JOhn Bourchier,

knight, second son of John the second earl of Bath ; and who succeeded his

cousinEd ‘

Ovfird in the earldom. Hewas lord privy seal to'

K.CharlesI; and d iedwithout issue on the 15th Of August 1654. He became earl in 1636. We areunab le to ascertain inwhat part of the parish thisnob leman ’

s residence was.

EARL S OF CHESTERFIELD .— Both the first and second earls of Chesterfield

were parish ioners of St . Giles’s. The family (Stanhope) resided here . pre

v iously to theiradvancement to the earldom. L ord Herbert (of whomsee

after)SirGervase Clifton, who was created sirGervase Cl ifton, who died 1 675 ; as a

a baronet , 161 2 ,married a daughtero f Rob . Lady C l ifton”is men tioned as occupy ing

Rich, earl ofWarwick, (mentioned before,) a pewin the church in 1680 .

and was probab ly a parish ioner, or his son

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LordMorley .

ST . GILES ’S PAR IS H

‘L ORD KEEPER COVENTRY.—This~

great legalfcharacter tliv ed in :L inc

'

oln ’

Inn- fields, a spot lwhere‘many Of his professional succ essorsrhav e Since fixed

the irabodey fr'

omiits proximity ‘to the inns of court .” :He was the son Of .judgg"

Coventry , who d ied in 1606, was born in 1578, e lect ed rec order of L ondon,

anno 1617, was made attorney general in 1618 , - and advanced to the h igh

Office Of lord keeper in‘1695 . Three years . afterwards he,

had the title .of

lord Coventry conferred on him. He d ied at Durhamhouse in the Strand,January 14, 1639 .

His son, Thomas, second lord Coventry , was also a parish ioner, and died

at his house in L incoln’

s- Inn - fields,‘

October 7, 1661 . By his wife, Mary

Craven (sister toWill iamL ord Craven ,)he had George, third earl Of'

Cov entry ,

who married lord Thanet ’s daughter, of Great Russe l - street, B loomsbury .

Henry ,“

third '

son of the lord keeper, d ied‘

at Coventry house, Haymarket ,anno 1686.

CouNTEss OF SHREWSBURY.—The only mention of this lady in the parish

books is, as one of the committee for conduct ing t he consecrat ion feast

before -ment ioned, wh ich is suffic ient evidenc e of her. being a parish ioner.

She was the wife of John Talbot, tenth earl of Shrewsbury , :and the }daugh ter

and coheir Of'

sir‘Francis Fortescue, of Salden hal l , in the county Of Bucks,knight of the bath . George lord Talbot, one of her sons,

‘married into the

Herbert family ,It is probab le that

“

the Shrewsbury family were parish ioners here"

several

years, though only this lady‘

ismen t ioned , as Anna Maria, wife of Franc isthe 11th earl of Shrewsbury ; her

“

e ldest son, was buried in St .’

Giles’

s church ,

in 1709 . Thisz

'

Anna Maria ‘

wasmother of Charles, the twe lfth earl , and onlyduke Of Shrewsbury .

L ORD MORLEY .— This nob leman is only not iced as one of the above-named

committee, with lady Coxe, lady D ud ley , the countess of Shrewsbury , .

duchess of He wasHenry lord Morley , son ofWi l l iamlordMorley and Monteagle, towhomthe intercepted letterwh ich d iscovered .the

gunpowder p lot was addressed, in 1605 . He succeeded his father in 1699 ,

and d ied 1655 .

CouNTEss OF OXFORD .— Th ls lady rented a pewin the church in 1648, but

the part Of the parish in wh ich she resided is notment ioned . Shewas probab lythewidowof Robert de Vere, slain at Maestricht in 1689 , and mother Of

Aubrey de Vere, the next and last earl Of that family , who died in 1709 ; and

upon

BIOGRAPHICAL — EMINENT PARISHIONERS.

upon whose death the t itle became ext inct . The entry in wh ich she is

noticed, states her to have paid 3 perannumfor her pewrent .The following were otherparish ioners of t itle, near this perlod, but Of infe

riorrank.They are mentioned, with the places where they lived, in the

assessment Of 1693

SirJohn Coop er,

Son- ia- lawof sirAnthonyAsh ley , (of whomsee here

after,) and father - Of the

c elebrated Anthony Ash leyCooper; earl of Shaftesbury .

SirEdmuhd L enthall .This was probab ly an eu

cestorof the speakerLenthall,

but,we know not the d egree

Of relationship .

SirJohn Sydnam.

Sir Philip Sydenham, Of

Brimpton, c om. Somerse t,who ' died 1 739, appears to

have b een the last o f thisfamily .

Sir L emis Tresham.

We have no information asto thisgentleman,furtherthanias to the c irc umstance whichp laces himin this list .

Lady Margaret Brocas,

Probab ly of the family of

the Brocas’

s, o f BeauPaire, o f

wh ich sirBerna1d Brocas, beheaded in the reign OfEdwardIII, and buried inWest

Residents in Drury - lane.

minsterAbbey , was an auc estor.

—See Kimber’s Baronetage .

SirFrancisKynaston.

We have me t wi th no ac

count Of this gent leman, beyond the c ircumstance of his

having con tributed towards

building the church

SirAnthony B ugg.

Frances Bugg, author of

ThePilgrim’

sProgress, fromQ uakerism,” St c . who

“

died1698,migh t be related (0 thisperson . The name is by 116

means common.

L ady Henidge,Widow Of sir ThomasHenage, and mo ther- in- lawto sirMoy l Finch, fromwhomsprung the earlsofWinchelseaand No tt ingham.

See Finch,” lord Chancellor, St e .

L ady Duncombe.

Lady Duncombe, gave 2 2 8.towardsrebuilding the church,but isno otherwisementionedin the books.

Lady

In 1657, an entry of a payment of house fel l and kil led one Of

‘

her children, for

as. occ urs‘ in the c hurchwarden’

s ac several weeks, until she recovered o f her

c ount, to“AnnKynaston, on whome the sickness.

”Q uery , If related to the above ?

SirGilbert Houghton.

He wasknighted in,1606 ;

succeeded his father sir

Richard, as,baronet, 1630 ;

and d ied April, 1647.

The son of sir Gi lbertHough ton,married a daughfterOf the earl Of Chesterfield,who lived in B loomsburysquare.

Sir ThomasFinch,Son of sirMoy l Finch, bart .

and afterwards earl ofWiachelsea. More as to his fa

mily wil l b e found hereafter.

SirAnthony Henton.

The parish books furnish uswith no information of thisperson, bey ond the singlec ircumstance of his subscrib

ing towards building the

church .

SirEdward Peto.

Th is name should probab lybe Spel t Pey ton . He wasson of sir John Pey ton, thefirst barone t. Sir Edwarddied in 1657 ; hemarried thedaugh ter Of Robert L ivesay ,esq .

— See “ lady Peto .

”

ST. GILES’S PARISH

L ady Lambert .Q uery

—Was th is lady t e

lated to the celebrated generalLambert ? The parish booksafford no c lue to a knowledgeof her family .

SirWilliamSegas,Garterking at arms, in the

reign o f James l ; and authorof a Treatise on Heraldry , towhich his portrait is prefixed .

He was a vestryman in 16 18 ;

and‘

gave a fine painted windowto the church .

Sir ThomasElliott.TheEl lio tts, ofPortEl liot t,

Cornwal l ,might be descendedfrom this gentleman. The

late lord El liott, was the firstof the family that was eh

nob led .

L ady Susan Lawley .

She was the mother of sir

SirRobert Moore, Knight .

He ismentioned in the assessment only ,as giving 40 3. towards the church . There

were several familiesof thisname , butwehave

SirJohn Cotton.

Alan Co t ton , and sir R0

bert Co tton, his son, (the an

tiquary ,)have been no ticed asho lding an estate inHo l born .We knownot whetherth is sir

Thomas Lawley , created a

baronet 1 7 Car. l . ; and gave£ 1 5 towards reb uilding the

church . She was an inmatein th e family of sir ThomasDarnel l, no ticed in the nex tcolumn.

SirRichard St . George.

He

'

ismentioned only in theassessment, as giving to

wards the church .

L ady Margaret Thurling.

She is only noticed l ikethe above . We have not

found any other of her fa

mily .

Residents in B loomsbury .

no c lue to guide us as towhich he belonged .

M iddle Rowe.

SirEdward Fisher.

John wasrelated to the ab ove,or was of the Co ttons o f

L andwade (anotherbranch of

the family). He was vestryman in 1623.

Sir Thomas Darnel l,Was created a baronet 19Jac . l , anno 162 1 , by the de

scription of, Thomas Darnel l,esq . of Hey ling, com. L inc .

The’

t i tle was ex tinc t before1 70 0 . His lady is separate lynamed in the assessment, as

giving. 5.

Was thewi fe o fsirWill iaml ngelsby , created a baronet

1 Car. 1 ; and was the 1 0 th in

descent fromsirThomas Ingelsby , knigh t, temp . Ric . II.

Hemarried Ann, daugh terofsirJamesBel l ingham, knight,the lady heremen tioned

LadyElizabethEnfield.

The informat ion respec ting th is lady inthe parish b ooks, is as scanty as that of the

person j ustmentioned.

This is the only person of ti t le mentioned as resident on this spot,excepting lady .Dud ley , and one or two more, who wil l be spoken of

hereafter.

was erec ted a baronet , 3 Car. 1

To these may be added the following persons (also of t itle,)who, as

In 1641 , an entry of payment of 2 s.occurs in the churchwarden

’

s account , for

SirThomas Fisher, o f the parish of St . Giles, Midd lesex,”

possessingpaving Mr. l ngelsby

’

s grave : probab ly one

of this family .

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ST. GILES ’S PAR ISH ;

servants are set down in the assessment, as contributing also towards buildingthe church besidesMr. Fernando Copsand wife, and sirGeorge Hast ings,his lady , and people,

”

(9)who were then inmates with her. Lady Catherine

Cope was buried in St . Giles’

s“

church .

'

SirAnthony Ashley ; knight.

A parish ionerand subscriber in the assessment of 1623. His residence wasinThornton’

s- alley , where he kept a numerous household, in the list of whichismentioned his son- in- lawSirJohn Cooper, before spoken of. SirAnthonywas high ly famous in the reign of queen Elizabeth , and was knighted for. his

bravery at the taking of Cadiz in - 1506, at wh ich t ime he was secretary at war.

He was created abaronet in1622, and died on the 13th of January 1628 .

Anne Ashley , the daughter and sole heir of SirA nthony ,married the above

named sir John Cobper, who was created a baronet in 1622 , and afterwards

knighted, by the t it le of sir John Cooper, knight and baronet, of Rockb urne,com. Hants. In 1628, he wasmember of parliament forPoole, in Dorsetshire ‘

.

He diedMarch 23, 1631 , and was buried at Rockburne aforesaid .

By inquisition hewas found to have d ied possessed of (int. alia)“amessuage

in Holborn cal led the B lack B nl probab ly part o f the fortune he had with

his wife, Anne Ashley ; to all wh ich his son, Anthony Ash ley Cooper, after.

wards earl of Shaftesbury , was found to be hisheir.

Sir Richard M inshull, &c .—Was a parish ioner in 1630, and perhaps

earlier. He was one of the,conductors of the consecration feast at that time.

A legacy to the poor fromsir Richard Minshull ’s house, is noticed ‘ in the

churchwarden’saccount for the year 1640 f A sirThomas Heatley , knight, is

also mentioned among the conductors of the entertainment above al luded to.

There is no account where either of these parish ioners lived .

H on. Mr.H erbert — He was brother to lord Herbert of Chirbury , and gave£. 10

i

to the poor on his lordship’s funeral , as has been not iced in the account

of that nob leman. A legacy ' of Mr. Chaworth Herb ert to the parish , isspokenof in afterentries.Sir Peter Temp le, had a house, and probab ly gardens attached, somewhere

in the parish , about the year1648, in wh ich year his residence is thus noticedin an entry in the churchwarden ’

s account

1648.

SirGeorgeHastings,was the son‘

and earl‘

of Huntingdon, and died,in 1651,

heir of Henry , second son of George, 4th aged 63.

BIOGRAPHICAL — EMINENT'

PARISHIONERS .

1648.— Pl Thomas Hampton the warder (watchman,) for keepinge the

ch ilde found at SirPeterTemp le’sgate.

”

SirPeterwas the eldest son and successorof sirThomas Temple, the firstbaronet of the fami ly ,whd was so created in 1612 . He married to his “

first

wife, the daughter of sirArthurTh'

rog‘morton, knight and to his second wife,

the sister and co- heir of sirRichard L evison, K. B . (the husband”

of one of

duchess'

Dudl ey’s daughters sir

‘

PeterTemple died‘

anno‘

1653. SirRichard,

his grandson, was created baron and Viscount Cobham, by George I.’

Dr.

Thomas Temple, the ‘brotherof sirPeter, ismentioned in the '

churchwardens

accounts of of a sumof money toMrs. Horsey , shut upin Crane-yard of theplague.

”

' L adiesWeild, Petoe, (Sn — L adyWeild and lady Petoe, are mentioned inseparate entries, as renting a pewwhich had been formerly occupied by lady

”

Coape, viz .

1646.— Rec

’forplac ing the lady Elizabeth Petoe in the

, pewwhere the

lady Goepe sat, se. And

1648 .— Eec l of the ladyWeild, for a pewthat was lady Coape’

s, 58.

There is little doub t but that lady Petoe’

was thewidow. of sirEdward Petoe,orPeyton, mentioned in the assessment of 1623, as residing in Drury - lane.

A Mr. Humphrey Petoe is al so named in the sameassessment, andmight bea relation .

Of ladyWeild we know noth ing, unless it may b e supposed she was the

mother of Humphrey'Weld, esq . bfWeld house, in this parish, and that thename ismis- spel led . The t itle of lady was perhaps given out of compl iment .

“Whether the ' lady Cope,who first‘

occupied the‘

pewmentioned, was lady'

Ca

therine, just spoken of,ornot, is doub tful . SirAnthony Cope, the first baronet,married '

to his second wife, Anne, the daughter of sirWil l iamPaston, a parishionerhere, and left a son ahd successor, namedWil l iam, who d ied 1637 and.

whosewidowWasEl izab eth , the daughterof sirGeorge Chavvorth, knight . ThisEl izabethmight possib ly be the lady Copemeant . SirJohn Cope, a descendant;was a parish ioner at the separat ion bf Bloomsbury parish fromSt . Giles

’

s‘

in 1 731 .

A ' Colonel'

Granthamis also named in ’

an entry of the t ime alluded to, as

rent ing a pewnext the lady Cope’

s, v iz . 1646. Rec " of Col. Granthamthe‘

some of 3, he promised, to be put into.

the pewnext unto the lady Coape’s

'

pew.

”

z z 2

355

’

ST. GILES’

S PAR ISH ;

Sir ArthurIngram- rented the organ- loft pewat th is same period (1646)

and was an inhab itant of St . Giles’s. His daughtermarried Robert , second

earl of H ol land, son of Henry Rich , earl of Hol land, b eforementioned .

SirWilliam'

Paston.- SirWi ll iamPaston, and .his lady , are mentioned in

the two fol lowing”

entries, viz . 1658. Pdand expended at the . sessions;

about sirWi l l iamPaston ’

s complayn t, of hisb eing doub le rated ,

And Re'

c"of -

’sqiiire Stroud,

‘

b eing a legacy given by the ladyDorothy Paston, 58.

SirWilliamPaston was created a baronet, 17 Car. I, by the description“

ofWi l l iamPaston ofOxnead, in the county ofNorfolk, esquire'

and wasancestor.

of the nob le fami ly of the earls of Yarmouth ; his son, Robert Paston , beingcreated,

'

anno 1673, baron Paston and Viscount Yarmouth,‘ and'

finally earl ofYarmouth, 3oth July 1679 . He d ied 8th March 1682 , and was succeeded byWilliamlord Paston, his son and heir, who was the second earl of Yarmouth,and died in the y ear 1708. SirWi ll iamPaston wasrelated to the Cope' s,andseveral otherdist inguished parish ioners here.

GEN‘

TRY,’

&c .—The fo l lowing were contemporarieswith the abov e, . and of

considerab le eminence i in the parish . They were al l members of vestry in

AbrahamSp eckart — Th isgentleman, whose benefactions and useful services’

to the parish p lace himat the head of the inhab itants of his day,has

'

been .

already ment ioned . He resided'

near the church , in whatwas then termedM idle - row, (not the present buildings of t hat - name,)which appears to have.

been at the time one of themost respectab le parts of the parish ; and was one

of four parishioners l iving on that spot, to whomthe favourwas granted of

a private entrance fromtheir houses into the churchyard . Mrs. Dorothy

Speckart , the widow, seems to have d ied some years after her. husband, as:

a vestry minute of ' 1670, d irects, the late Mrs. Speckart’

s door into t he:

churchyard to be shut up . Mr. Speckart’

s'

name, in the parish books, hasalwaysthe add it ion of esquire put to it, which was a t itle not then pros

tituted as now,

'

and‘

seems to inferthat he wasrathera private gentleman, than ‘

amerchant or trader; his domest ic estab l ishment also, as enumerated in the .

assessment of 1623, was extensive.

-A greaterproof however of th is b eing thefact, and also of his opulence, was the c ircumstance of the . consecrat ion . feast,beforement ioned, b eing he ld at his house, wh ich must have been no ord inary '

mansion, to have accommodated so large and brilliant a company as assemb led ’

on

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ST. GILES’ S PAR IS H

Philip Parker,: gave n ame .to Parker’s- lane . or street, Drury - lane . He is

first noticed in the parish books in 1620, as one of the collectors for the poor.

Int 1630 be .was chosen . a—vestryman. Before ' 1641 he -was probably“

dead, or

had left -the parish, - lane isment ioned that y ear. Sir GilbertHoughton and lady, arement ioned ashis inmatesin the assessment of 1623 ;WilliamStiddolph — He was related to Sir Richard Stiddolph; of whom

the ground to enlarge the churchyard'was purchased in 1 669. In the assess

"

ment just mentioned, he is described - as living in Princes- street , but'

had

removed to Drury - lane before 1652 , his house there being thus described in

the surv aie of Elmclose, of that year: All that faire house or tenemtadjoining, to ano

'

tenem‘, consist ing of one—hall , wt h

a parlourbehind the same,"

w‘lla sel lar, kitch in and wash - house underneath the same ; and above staires,

in the first story , 2 chambers ; and in the 2“storie, 2 more chambers, and

2 over them, and behind the said house is 2 roomes, and a smal l gar:den plott, w

t ha coach - house 0

’re the west corner of the same, now in the

occupat ion ofWilliamStiddolp h, Esq " , and ISworth perann. xxj". He was

buriedlin St . Giles

’

s church, where was a monument to his memory , whichmay b e seen described in the account of the church .WilliamBarber, was a vestryman in 1618, and then resided in Canter’

s

He was ownerof the estate in Bowl - yard, on the site of part of wh ich

the workhousewas afterwardserected .

BartholomewO very ,or Ivery , as he is sometimes called, with his wife

Jone,” were donors of the estate in the Almonry (of wh ich see an account

p . They l ived - in 1623, at Town’s End, St . Giles, b ut afterwards

removed toWestminster,where Overy died in 1 The

’

churchwarden’s

accounts of that year thus notice the c ircumstance1647.

—P‘ forthe buriall of Barth " Overy , who died atWestminster, anddesired to be buried at St .Giles’s ; who by wil l , dated 6th of Jan

’ry, 1647, hath

given to the poor of th is p’rish (after the decease of hiswife Jone), three

tenements in the Great Amery (Almonry)West ', being college land.

Thomas Shepp ard, was churchwarden in 1631, and was, on his election,directed by vestry to begin the foundat ion of the brick -wal l about thechurch, and on the south side .of the church , between thegarden and

‘

t he

churchyard .

”He has been before noticed in the account of vestry .Walter B igg .—This was probab ly a relat ion of alderman Bigges, be

fore noticed . He is firstmentioned in . 1641, as overseer, by the name of

Mr.

BIOGRAPHICAL — EMINENT PARISHIONERS .

Mr.WalterBigg. In 1643, ,he appears to have ob tained the rank of cap tain in

the parliament army . An entry occurring in the churchwar'

den’saccounts that

year, and again in 1644, of money “pd

’

to the ringers at thereturn home ofcap t. Bigg and his soldiers ;

”and “ when captaBigg came fromBasing.

”

In 1645 , he served the offic e of churchwarden, -when he is’

sty ledmajorWalterBigg and the next year he purchased of ‘

the parish,‘

for the l sumof ‘

s€.2

only , the . eommunion rails, deemed superstitious by the then rul ing powers?A second R ichard B igg,

”churchwarden in 1646, is alsomuch '

nb ticed in'

the parish books, and is. subsequently called Mr. sherif'

Bigg.

”The

al derman , sheriff, and major, were most zlikely‘

all members of the samefamily(M r. John Hy de.

- A name very frequently noticed in the parish books

during the t ime he lived , was overseer in 1638, and churchwardenm1647.

In the p lague'

year, 1642 , he performed a very ac tive and useful part in the

parish , as one of the Inspectors of the Visited Poor,”

as“may be . seen from

numerous entries in that year Two persons of his—name, Robert Hyde,andWilliamHyde, were parish ioners in 1623 ; fromone of .whomhemightbe descended. Hyde- street, Bloomsbury , received its name froma memberof .th is family .

Mr. John Seagood— He was parish carpenter, and in that capac ity was

employed in erect ing the almshouses, and removing the pound and cage, in

1657. He was churchwarden in 1656, and was chosen vestryman in 1665 .

He is repeatedlymentioned in the parish books. Henry Seagood, his father,l ived in Pepper- alley , in 1623.

Mr.Will iamH oop er.— General ly sty led

“captain Hooper, was chosen

churchwarden in 1645 , and was afterwards e lected of the vestry . He diedb efore the year 1675 , as appears by a vestryminute of that year,

“

al lowingMr.Wooden “ to erect a grave - stoneon a pedastal of brick, in the church

yard, l ike captain Hooper’s.

Mr. Francis Baker.— Churchwarden in 1644. The election of th is gen.

tlemen was singly protested against by Thomas Sheppard, esq . a member ofthe

) In a MS. list of lordmayors, sheriffs, Thomas Vyner. This Phil l ips kept hisSec . of London,wh ich we have seen, sheriff sherifal ty v ery miserab ly . Mr. aldermanB igg isthusno ticed . Bigge kep t howse in St Giles ia- thesheriff, with James Phil l ips ; may or, sir fields.

"

359 ;

Sheriff Bigg.

ST. GILES’S PAR I S H

the .Vestry at the t ime. He was under churchwarden this year, and did ~ not

succeed as upper churchwarden .

Mr. Isaac Bringhurst— Overseer 1633, chosen vestryman 1635 , appointed

treasurerto the visited'

poor during the p lague, year 1636-7, and chosen

monthly officer in 1638, and churchwarden in The various offices he

served prove himto have been a valuab lemember of . the parish .

Mr. James '

H earnden.—Succeeded Mr. Bringhurst as churchwarden in

1650. An entry of expenditure , ia the accounts of year 165 1 , mentionMr. Hearnden a s

“ the mason who erected the stone whereon the gift of

Richard Holford, esq. of 29 yearly to the poor is engraven, at thewest ' end

of the church, under the vestric window.

. Mr. Thomas B lythe .l - In 1646, one

'

of the constab les for collecting the

money for the visited poor, forthe old town and B loomsbury divisions. Overseerin 1649, and churchwarden in 1656. He is oftenmentioned in the parishbooks, and seems to have been an ac tive and useful parish ioner.

Nobles,’

b’

yc. Parishionersf romCharles II to the Revolution.

THErestoration of Charles the Second, and the interval which succeeded,

down to, orperhapsa little after the Revolut ion, may be termed themost brilliant epoch in the h istory of this parish , as to the numb er of its

“

eminent inhab itants ; and was owing to causeswh ich have been explained, in speaking of

the progress of building here. One of the most d ist inguished of them, though

she also belongs to the reign of James I, and Charles I, wasDurcnnss D UDLEY

This lady , (whose name and charit iesmust be familiar to the reader, fromthe many t imes they have beenmentioned in the course of this work,) was

a parish ioner altogethermore than half a century .

‘We refer, for an ac

count of her b irth, family, and connections,'

to the heads, Church,”

Churchyard,”Ste. and shal l give only such furtherpart iculars of her as we

havemet with .

Dr. Boreman, speaking of the Duchess’

s character, in his funeral sermonon her says She was amagaz ine of experience, the fruit or

b enefit

Dr. Boreman, in herfuneral sermon, En tit led, AMirrour of Christiasays, she herself alwaysspel t it

“ Baddeley ,” mity , and a Mirac le of Charity ; or a True

but we adhere to the common spel ling. andExac t Narrat ive of the L ife and Deathof

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ST . G ILES ’S PAR I S H ;

lady Douglas, hiswife , and that d iverswitnesseswere examined in support

of such c laim. Whereupon by ful l testimony upon oath, part lymade by thesaid lady Douglas, and part ly by other persons of quality and credit who

were present at . the marriage by a lawful minister, And that the said_Sir

Robert and hismother, were owned by theEarl as h1s lawful wife and son,

as by,many of such depositions appear. But a spec ial ,order being made forseal ing ,

up the ‘said ,depositiqns,

v

- did,cause the said u

SirRobert to leave the

kingdom; whereof his adversaries takingadvantage, procured a privy seal to

be sent requiring his return ; which he not obey ing because his honours. and

landswwere denied, all his landswere seized to the king’s use

That Prince Henry purchasedKem’

lworth Cattle,with the chases, &c whichupon great under value amounted to 58.50,000, for and upon pro

mise _of his princely favor ; and that the inheritance thereof was conveyed tothe prince accordingly. But that nomore than if any , the purchase

money .had been paid. And upon the death of the prince (the nowking) his

brotherand heir, came into possession thereof.”

That lady Al ice, his wife, having an estate of inheritance in the samecastle, &c . descendib le to herposterity, by virtue of an Act , . 19 Jac . I, in

considerat ion of forpayments yearly , did alien the same to theking, but wh ich payments had not beenmade formany years. That the lateking not , knowing the truth of the lawf ul b irth of SirRobert, granted awaythe t itlesp f the,

said earldoms to others”

SirRobert’smotivesforquittingEng?land, do not appear to have arisen entirelyfroma sense of his

“

being il l - treated in t e

spec t to his estates and t i tles, bu t to hav esprung in part, fromanil l ic it attachment .Accordingly , on his

'

going abroad,he not

only abandoned hiswife, the ladyAlice, andhis children by ,

her,but he secretly carried

with him(dressed in the hab i t of a p age)the daugh terof sirRobert Southwel l , whomheafterwards (no twithstanding his prior engagement)married in Italy . An author

(JamesWadworth , in his English SpanishPilgrim,” St e. printed tel ls us, “ thatsir Robert Dudley , who sty leth himsel f

The

duke o f Northumberland,left England hé

cause he could not b e suffered to enjoy a

second wife, his firstwife then surviving.

This Dud ley ,”he adds

,

“nowenjoy eth

his second wife, by a dispensation fromhis

hol iness, and is in great esteemwith the

duke of Florence, in regard of his art in

contriving and fabricating sh ips,”St e . Sir

Robert d ied at Carbello, near Florence,anno 1 649 , and was buried at a nunnery at

Boldrone,near that p lace .

This Robert Dudley ,”

says AnthonyWood, “ was a compleat gentlemanmall

sui tab le employments ; an exac t seaman ia good nav igator; an excel lent architec t ,

mathematic ian ,

BIOGRAPHICAL .

’

—;EMINENT. PARISHIONERS.

The king having a deep sense b f the'

‘

great injuries'do'

ne flto sir_Rob ert

Dudl ey , lady Alice his‘

wife, and theirzchildr'

en ,and being of co

'

pinion that, . in

just ice and equity, the possession’

s so taken belong 0

‘

to

them. And,holding h imself ob liged, in ‘

honour'

and c‘

onscie'

nceg'

tomake themsatisfact ion, and faras his

—

presentjability .will enab le him; '

and alsotaking into

consideration the great estate sold by lady Alice, at Kenilworth , at a very

great undervalue, and that not'

yet performed, to many thousand pounds

damage. Also’ mconsideration of the servites of sirRichard L ev ison and

Rob ert Holborne, esquire,”

(who married two of lady Alice ’s daughters,)

the king doth grant to the lady Alice rDud‘

ley , the't itle of dutchessDudley,

forher life and to herdaughters, the places, t itles and precedences of duke s

daughters, ,for their lives ; conceiv ing h imself ' ob l iged to fdh muchmore or

them, if it were in his power, in ’

the'

se unhappy time'

sof distraction:Dugdale iii a letter.to

“

Ant y 'Wood," (“published in the Gentleman’s1Magaz ine

forApril 1820, p . 809 , et seq .)and"

written"

expressly’

to inforni ' himof thislady

’sdeath , charit ies, &c .ment ions her funeral as intended to besolemnized

in very great state, about ten days hence,” i. e. fromthe date of his ‘letter,

(8 Martij whereat,”he adds,

“myselfe, with three or fouremore ofmy fellowheraulds, are to attend,

”after giving an account of her, her fami ly ;

charities, of amonument forher,which cost Sac . he says, The corp‘

s

lyesnowin greate state at her house in Holburne the rodme wherein it isbeing hung with

’ ve lvet, and a chayre‘of state, cush ion and coronet, according

to herdegree, and a great banner of herarmes, empaled‘with herhusband ; asalso eight

’

bannerro l ls, with empalement of matches»

. above him, as' is pr'

o'

pef

in such cases. DuchessDudley died at her house near the chiirch, Januaryaged 90.

EARL orBRISTOL — St Giles’s parish c laims this nob leman as a parishioner,fromhis having resided during the

' latter part of his l ife in Great Queenstreet ; at the house there, cal led Bristol house, as see p . 250: Th ismansion,whose groundsmust have run back into Oldwick c lose,might have been part

of

mathematic ian, physic ian, and what not . to catch partridges. SirRobert,was theHe was a handsome personab leman, tal l of authorof several wel l wri tten treatises uponstature, red haired, and of admirab le com various subjec ts ; for a l ist of which, and

port ; and, abovep

all, no ted for riding the also a further account of him, seeAtl1enae

great horse, t il ting ; and‘

for his being the Oxoniensis, v ol . ii. p . 1 26.

i

first of all that taugh t a dog to sit in order

363

3641 ST. G ILES ’ S PARI SH ;

of the premises in which his relat ive, sirKenelmD igby had b efore lived . He

was the second earl of Bristol , and 1s a character well known in Engl ish history , as the steady . adherent of Charles I, in his troub les. He was born in

1612 in 1640, returnedmemb er of parliament forDorset . ~ In 1653 he suc

ceeded his father as earl of Bristol ; and in 1661 was instal led.

a knight of the

garter. Fromthat period he becamea frequent speaker1n parliament,wroteseveral letters, speeches, &c . And having l ived to the age of 641 years, d ied

at Chelsea, March 20, 1676, andwas buried there. Hemarried the ladyAnneRussell, second daughter to Franc is earl of Bedford, and had by her ladysh ip

two'

sons and two—

daughters ; of ' his son, John, the eldestsucceeded himas th ird earl of Bristol, but died without issue, anno

COUNTESS or ‘Exsrsa.- The

'

. countess of Exeter isment ioned as occupy .

ing one of . the wings ofWeld House in 1680. Th is was probab ly the

relict of John Cec il, earl of Exeter, who d ied 1678, and whose son and

successor(John Cec il the 5th earl of th is family)died 1700 .

'

She had removedfromWeld House before 1688 .

. COUNTESSES or'

DORSET'

AND .DEVON.— Th ese ladies are both mentioned in

the year 1670, as the donors of d ifferent su'

ms to the poor; and fromthemannerin wh ich their names are entered, were, it is to b e presumed, parishionersiThe first was themother of Charles Sackvi l le, earl of Dorset, who succeeded

his father in 1677 and who, v ita p atris, (16743)was created earl of Middlesexand baron Cranfield, and died 1705 . The Sackville family , it has been seen,were landholders .here in very early t imes — The countess of Devonmeant,wasprobab ly the wife ofWil l iamCavend ish , the last earl but one before theerection of the dukedom, who b ecame earl in 1625 , and d ied anno 1628 .

Her daughtermarried Henry Rich , earl of Holland . The'

countess was an

ac tive royalist, and contributedmuch to the restorat ion of Charles II, a ser

vice forwh ich thatmonarch always paid her the highest at tent ion and respect .

She was also a most “

excel lent woman.- Seemore of her 1n Collins’5 Peerage,

v ol . I . p . 305 et seq . She d ied 1674COUNTESS or SOUTHAMPTON .

-This lady was the second wife of the lordtreasurer Southampton, before not iced, and appears to have survived himsome years, and to have resided at Southampton house, Bloomsbury - squareb eing ment ioned in an entry in the churchwardens accounts as follows, v iz

1667 .- Rec

’of the R‘

Hon’ble the Countess of South ’

ton, money givenin her chapel at the holy communion, 59.8 .

”~ She was the lady El izabeth

L eigh,

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366

"

By srr-MoyIPinch, lady Finch had

'

seven sdns'

arid fourd aughters; of the

sons; twowere . dist'

inguished inhabitafits‘

ofe this parish; viz . sirThomas Fiil ch ‘

,

just noticed,“

and sir the subjec t . of this

Thomas'succeedeil to the earldombf .Winchelsey on hisem'

other’sdeath (whefi

heprobab lyremoved from'

St. and ' died at his house in Charter

house-yafd, iSmithfield; 3anno 1639, leaving his'

eldest son, :Henage, his’ he

‘

ir,

who became second earl ofWinchelsey . SirH enage, 4th son of sirMoy l, wasrecorder of London, and speaker of thehouse of c ommons, 511110 1 625, aridfather to sir .Henage fFinch, afterwards lord high c hancel lor, and ‘

earl of

Elizabethgehis eldest daughter“

, of Sir“

Har

bottle Grimston, b'

art .‘whose descendant, sirWilliamGrimston, .bart . was

a parishionerhere'

in 1717.

Daniel, his son, who was second earl of Nottingham,was a'

parishioner ofSt .Giles

’

s for some yeais after his father’

s death . He is not iced in theparishbobks(aswe ll as the lord Chancellor) as the oécupierof apew in t he church

’.

Dr. Sharpe; afterwards curate andrector here,and archb ishop of York, was thedomestic -chaplain of s

'lord Finch;wh ile- lord keeper; fromwh ich circumstanceprobably roriginated his connection with the parish , as itsminister; if not hissubsequent promot ion.

MARQUIS orWINCHESTER— The residence of themarquis ofWinchester,Was at Paulet ‘

House, :Great Queen - street. At'What t ime th is family set tled

there, we hav erno -d irect evidence, butsit

‘

certainly. waS '

not earl ier than the

reign of James Oldwick - close, and "the south

'

side of Queen-street,

remained in '

great p art'

unbuilt on, unt il about that period . Themarquis, ‘of

whomwe are about to speak, is first noticed as a parish ioner in’

an entry in_thevestry minutes, forregulating this

"

pews inithe‘

and he is

afterwardsmentioned in other entries there. Thiswas ’

Charles Paulet, sixthmarquis ofWinchester,and first duke of Bolton,whowas the eldest son of John

the

This family was distinguished for ThisJohn Finch was the son of sirHenryproducing great lawyers ; besides Henage Finch, of the Mote, in Ken t, who was theFinch , the father

, who was recorder of second bro ther to sirMoy l Finch . He wasLondon

, and speaker of the house of c om advanced to the dignity of a baron, by themons, and the above lord chancel lorFinch, title of lord Finch, of Fordwiche, 1 5 Car. I,was John lord Finch, o f Fordwiche, who and died 1660 .

succeeded lord Coventry , as lord keeper.

BIOGRAPHICAL .— EMINENT PARISHIONERS.

the fifth marqu1s, who died anno 1674, at the'

age'

of 77 years, and who was

the premiermarquis of England :He who ln impious t imes imtamted stood,

Andmidst rebel l ion durst be just’

and goodWhose arms asserted, and whose sufferingsmore

These linesof Dryden, allude to this nob leman’smost exemplary loyalty to,

and sufferings 1n the cause of Charles I , and during wh ich, among othergreat

losses, hismagnificent seat of Basing was destroy ed, with a property of morethan He d ied February - 9, and left two sons, Charles,his suc cessor, (called in the l ife time of his father, lordWiltshire,)andWilliam,

and three daughters L ordWilliam, the youngest : son, was one of the

supporters of the pail at the burial of PrinceWill iamof Gloucester, anno

1700, was afterwards e lected a knight of the bath, and advanced to other

honours, and d ied Sept . 25 , 1729, in the 63d year of his age.

,Charles (called 111 the entry quoted below the lordWi ltshire, succeeded

his father as second duke of Bolton. His grace had threeW1v es._By the

first, who was daughter of lord GeorgeCoventry , (a parishioner of thisparish,he left no 1ssue ; by the second (Henrietta Crofts) he had a son, whomarriedone of the earl of Thanet ’s daughters (al so a parish ioner) Charles, his eldest

son, and third duke of Bolton,married Polly Fenton, the ac tress.

.MARQUIS orWORCESTER. fami ly , like that of Pawlet, had amansionin ,

,Great , Queen - street, and apparently was contemporary with it . Themarquis ofWorcester is

.

ment ioned in the'

v estryminutes in a simi larway with the

marquis ofWin’ton, asrenting a pewin the church , and in the same yearwith

him Themarquisses ofWorcester were a branch of the Herb erts, as were

themarquisses of Powis and like them, probably , became“

parishioners about

the period of the Restoration ; an era when a numb er of great families sett ledmthe parish , as hasbeen shewn 1n the preced ing pages

Vestry Minutes The righ thonourab le the lordmarquis o fWin’

ton, to

ho ld and enjoy one fore pew, and two bac k

pews for his own - l ife, - and the l ives o f thelordWil tshire and lordWil l iam; his sons,

on pay ing f . 50 , and the rent in arrear.”

Themarquis ofWorcester, of whom

367

Henry ,

we are nowspeaking,was probab ly the onlyperson o f that branc h who inhab ited in thisparish ; the heads of his family having re

sided as late as the t ime of the civ il wars,atWorcesterhouse, in the Strand , and where

Edward, the 4th earl, died in 162 7- 8. After

the Restoration,Worcester house, (whichhad

ST. GILES’S PAR ISH ;

Henry , th irdmarquis ofWorcester, (and .first duke of Bolton (of whomwe

are nowspeaking), was the son of Edward, secondmarquis ofWorcester, we l lknown as the author of that h igh ly ingenious treat ise, ent it led , A Century

of the Names and Scant l ings of such Invent ions,”8m. Th is Edward d ied

anno 1667. Henry , his successor, was first constituted lord lieutenant of

Gloucestersh ire during his father’s life ; and also (1672) lord president of the

counc il in the princ ipal ity ofWales , and he was afterwards, on his father’s

death, appointed lord l ieutenant of twelve of the princ ipal count iesof Northand SouthWales. He was al so subsequently appointed lord lieutenant of the

county and c ity of Bristo l , sworn of hismajesty ’s privy counc il, and install ed

a knight of the garter and having b een eminent ly serviceab le to the king,”

(as is expressed in the patent), since hismost happy restorat ion ,in coh

siderat ion thereof,”he was, by letters patent, dated D ecember

(34 Car. II), advanced to the t itle of duke of Beaufort, with remainder to hisheirsmale.

He exerted h imself against the duke of Monmouth in 1685 ;‘

and in 1688,

endeavoured to secure Bristol against the adherents of the Prince of Orange

upon whose e levat ion to thethrone, his grace refusing to take the oaths, was

ob l iged to go into'

ret irement , where he d ied, January 2 1 , 1699, in the 7oth

year'

of his age, and was buried in Beaufort chapel , St; George’schapel,Windsor, with his ancestors

By Mary, his duchess'

(who died in 1714, aged the duke had'

four sons

and fiv e daughters ; of the latter, lady Anne . Somérset (the ath daughter)married Thomas, first earl of Coventry , a parish ioner of th is parish . Charles

lord Herbert, his second son, married the daughter of Josiah Child (part of

whose family also inhab ited th is parish). The rest not b eing any ways inte“

rest ing to th is accoun t , it is need less to mention. The other intermarriagesof the duke

’

s fami ly with parish ioners of St . Giles’s were, that of his aunt,

El izabethhad been deserted by its owners in the inter beenmuch al tered and improved in his abregnum,) was let to lord chancel lorGlaren sence,)and it

'

assumed the name of Beaufort'

don, who paid a rent o f £60 0 perannum house . Beaufort build ings, Strand, nowoc

for it, unti l Clarendon, orArb emarle house,

c upy the site of th ismansion .

Piccadilly , was finished . This, apparently , See a print of his very magnificentwas the interval du1 ing which the marquis of monument, with its inscription, in Pote

’

3Worcesterb ecame a pa1ishionero fS t.G 1les’

5 . Windsor, p . 381 also for the same,and a

On his being created duke o f Beaufort, b e furtherac count of him, seeAshmole’

s Berks,returned toWorcester house, (wh ich had vol . iii. p . 1 62 .

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LordWilliamRussel l .

Lady Russel l .

ST. G ILES ’S PARI SH ;

Russel l . The four daughterswere, lady Katharine (the eldest), who marriedRobert lord Broke ; the lady Anne,

“

afterwardswife to George earl of Bristo l

the lady Margaret,married to JamesHay earl of Carl isle ; and the lady D iana,marred to Franc is lord Newport .Wi l l iamsucceeded his father Franc is, in 1641 , and was the fifth earl of

Bedford . He was general of the Parl iament ’s horse at the battle of Edge - hill ,but afterwards joined the king at Oxford . He afterwards, during the several

contests wh ich followed, lived retired, but heart ily concurred in the restorationof Charles II. In 1672 he was elected aknight of the garter; and on

'

the 1 1 th

May 1694, he was created marquis of Tavistock, and duke of Bedford.

He died September 7, 1700 . By Anne, daughter to Robert Carr, earl of

Somerset, and Frances Howard, he had seven sons and three daughters of the

former, the e ldest was the celebrated lordWill iamRussell, whomarried, as

has been stated, Rachel, daughter and co« heiress of ThomasWriothesley , earlof Southampton ,

by whomhe left issue one son, and two daughters.

L ady Rachel Russell, the e ldest daugh ter, was married toWi l liamlord

Cavendish, afterwards duke of Devonsh ire ; and the second, lady Katherine,married John Manners lord Roos, afterwards duke of Rutland . Wriothesley ,the son, married Elizabeth , only daughter of John Howland, esq . succeeded

hisgrandfather as duke of Bedford, in 1700 , and d ied of the small - pox, May 26,1711 , - aged 31 . He was succeeded in the dukedombyWriothesley his son,who married lady AnneEgerton, daughter of Scroop duke of Bridgewateri ;but dy ingwithout issue, Oct . 1733, his only surviving brother, John (bornSept . 30, became duke — John, the fourth duke of Bedford, married tohis second wife, lady Gertrude, daughter of John earl Gower, and had issueone daughter, named Caroline (afterwards duchess of Marlborough), and one

son, named Franc is, who succeeded his father as duke of Bedf ord, and was thegrandfatherof Franc is the late duke.

L ady Russel l, after the death of herlord, removed toWoburn, where she

most ly resided forupwards of a twelvemonth after that event . Herreturn to

Southamp ton house, Bloomsbury , and themelancholy reflect ions it occasioned,are thusment ioned in one of her pub l ished letters (to Dr.Fitzwill iam) it is

dated Octob er 1 , 1684

I haveFroma passage in another letter, ford house, (Covent garden,)wasat that time

dated 1 1 th Oct . 1 685, it appears that Bed theresidence of herhusband ’

s fami ly , and no tthe

BIOGRAPHICAL — NOBLEPARISHIONERS .

I have to acquaint you withmy resolve to try that desolate hab itat ion of

mine at L ondon, thisWinter. The doctoragrees it is the best place formy boy ,and I have no argument to balance that ; nor

,could ' I take the resolution to

see London t ill that .was urged but by God’s permission, I will try howI can

endure that p lace— in though t, a place of terror tome 1”

Of t he Chapel at Southampton house, she thus speaks in the same letterI have thought howto supp ly the chapel - so short a warning as I had

given myself,” (in . regard to her removal to London,) cou ld '

never secure

my be ing supplied asI desire and I considered one of yourordernot to be used

as other domestics, so that if unhapp i ly I should have entertained one not

agreeable tome, it woul d have been hard to have relievedmyself ; so lightedon th is expedient z— To invite an_old acquaintance of your

’s to pass thiswinter

withme and if her husband, Mr. Hanbury ,’

could d ispense, for some weeks,with offic iat ing at Botley , I would b e wi l l ing he should supplymy chapel,

b eing at present unprovided

EARL or Truman — The Thanet family were not on ly parish ioners themselves, but al lied by marriage to various other nob le families in St . Giles

’

s.

The first peerwasNicho las Tufton, son of sir John Tufton, kt . and bart . who

died 1694. This Nicholas, being one the gent lemen who went to meetJames I, in his progress to England, after queen Elizabeth ’

s death , was

knighted by that monarch at Newcast le. Apri l 13, 1603. And in the year

1626, was advanced to the dignity of a baron, by the t itle of lord Tufton, of

Tufton in Sussex ; and in 1628 was created earl of Thanet . Th is e'

arl hadseveral ch ildren, amongwhomthe fo l lowingmay bemore part icularly not iced,as connected with th is parish — Cec il Tufton, his second son, who was a pa

rishioner, and d ied at his house in L incoln’s- inn-fields, anno 1682 , aged 63

and

themansion in Bloomsb ury - square, which is and Southampton house, B loomsbury . Old

denominated in all her le tters, Southamp ton mixon says, The duke of York descendedhouse, and seems to have been oc cupied by so lowin his revenge against lord Russel l, ashersel f

'

and estab lishmen t only . On lady to desire th is innocent lord migh t be exe

Russel l ’s demise in 1 723, Bedford house, outed before his own door _ia B loomsburyCovent garden, was deserted, and the

'

house square ; an insul t the king h imself would‘

not

at Bloomsbury became the ducal residence ; consent to .

”In his way to execution - in

wh ich then in consequence changed its name L inco ln ’

s- inn- fields, he issaid to have lookedfromSouthamp ton house to B edf ord houses towards Southampton house, (Ho lborn

,)andLord 'Russe l l , in his l ife - time, resided al to have wiped a tear fromhis cheek,

‘

at theternately at Southamptonh ouse, Holborn, reflec tions it occasioned .

3 13 2

371

ST. GILES ’S PAR I S H ;

andwhose e ldest daughter, El izabeth ,married'

sirEdward Deering, also an tu

hab itant of St. Giles’

s and John, his e ldest son, and second earl of Thanet ,

four of whose sons, Nicholas, John,‘ Richard and Thomas, succeeded to the

earldomafter their father, and were all parish ioners ; as were two of his

daughters, by intermarriageswith the fami l ies of Coventry and Grimston .

Thomas, the youngest of the four sons justmentioned, succeeded his brotherRichard, as sixth earl of - Tha

'

net , in 16834 ; and married the‘

same yearCatherine, daughter and co- heiress of Henry Cavendish , duke

‘

of Newcast le,who dying in 17 12 , wasburied at Raynham. They had issue, three sons and five

daughters. The three sons, who were severally born in the years 1686, 1690

and 169 1, singular to relate, all died on the respective days of their b irth ;the first at Thanet house, Great Russell - street, the second at Hothefield, and

the th ird at L eeds Castle the daughters all arrived at age and weremarried .

Earl Thomas h imself d ied July 30, 1718, without issue male, by wh ich means.

the earldomof Thanet, and estates in Kent, Sussex, Yorksh ire andWestmorland, descended to his nephew Sackvi l le Tufton, e ldest son of

'

his brother

Sackvi l le Tufton, fifth son of John, second earl of Thanet . This earl was

born im1688, and d ied in 1753.

.Besides Thanet house in Great Russell- street, whichwas the town mansionof the earls of Thanet, there was a second residence in Aldersgate- street,

cal led also Thanet house, where George Tufton (the brother of earl Thomas)died in 1670, aged 90, whowas the sixth son of John, the second earl .Earl .Thanet

’s autograph, as a vestryman of St . Giles

’s, occurs in the parish

books, between the years 1684 and 1690 .

L oansWHARTON .— The LordsWharton,were inhab itants here several years,

and resided at theirmansion opposite the west end of the church . This residence (of which mention has been made b efore) stood exact ly at the south

east corner of D enmark - street ; and if not the same dwelling, was anotherbui lt precisely on the site of Dud ley house. It is thus not iced, with its thenoccupant, in a vestry orderdated 1697, Col .Wharton to have leave at his ownproper costs and charges, tomake 2 half windows to the west windowof the

church steeple, to shutt when the bells ring.

” This was to lessen the'

annoyance of their sound on ringing days, arising fromtheirbeing so neartoWhartonhouse.

The colonelWharton here mentioned, was Thomas, afterward lordWharton, and firstmarquis ofWharton . He was the son of Ph ilip lordWharton,

imprisoned

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374 S T. G ILES ’S PAR I S H ;

Whitehall. Montagu- house was afterwards purchased by government; and

became the British Museum.

MARQUIS or Powis.— He was the founder of Powis house, at the north.

west corner of L incoln’s- inn-fields, in wh ich he resided unt il it was purchased

fromhimby the duke of Newcastle, when it received the name of Newcastle

house. Th is nob leman wasWilliamHerbert , lord Powis, on ly son of Percy ,

created earl of Powis, 26 Car. II , and Viscount Montgomery , andmarquis of

Powis, 3 Jac . II . His lordship d ied in France, anno 1696, outlawed .-He

was of the same family with lord Herbert of Cherbury .

[Besides the preceding nob le characters, all of the peerage, there were

within the period we are treating of, also parishioners here -The lord

ch ief justice Glynn, lord Bronkard, lord Rich , (a descendant fromHenry

Rich earl of Hol land,)the right honorab le lady Montagu, and the lord

Bellasys, exclusively of the ambassadors fromHolland, Spain, and

Portugal, and several others of equal rank,whose names not occurringin the parish books, we are unab le to mention .]

In otherparts of the parish therewere liv ing at th is t ime, besides numerousgentry and tradesmen of opulence, the following eminent personsSIR JOHN Carma — He resided in the parish in 1670, in wh ich year he is

not iced in the books as the donor of the sumof one pound to the poor.

Though spelt Crewe” in the entry , it is probab le the name should be Carewe,an ancestorof wh ich family , (SirWymond Carewe,)bought long prior, ashas

b een shewn, the hosp ital site. There were two baronetsof the name of Carewe,viz . Richard Carewe of Anthony, in the county of Cornwal l, so created 17

Car. I ; and ThomasCarewe of Haccomb , in the county of Devon, the patent

of whose creation is dated 13 Car. II, but in what way related to thisSirJohn, doesnot appear. Nathaniel Crewe, b ishop of Durham, and the lastof the baronsCrewe, wasal lied to th is Carewe family .

L ADYERWIN, &c .—Lad iesErwin, Brumley, Carre, and Mounteyne,

‘

are all

mentionod as renting pews in the church in 1676, and were probab ly fromthat

A long account of th is nob lemanwil lb e found in the inscrip tion fromhis tomb ,given in the New View of London, and

Strype’

s Stowe, speaking o f St. Giles’

s

church, where he was b uried in 1 670 . He

gave to the poor of this parish 50 . He

was an ac tive loyal ist during the c iv il wars.

The family was ennob led 1 8 Car. 1, by _thet it les of Viscount Falconberg, o f Hench

knowl , and baron Falconberg, of Yarom,com. York. The title wasex tinc t in 1 70 0 .

BIOGRAPHICAL —EMINENT PARISHIONERS.

that c ircumstance parishioners ; but we havemet with noth ing furtherrespect

ing themthan their names. L ady Brumley, or Bromley , might have beenthe wife of SirWill iamBromley , of Baggington inWarwicksh ire, K.B. whose

son, the right honorab le sirWilliamBromley , was a great leader of the“

tory

and jacob ite interest, and'

died 1733. There were also the Bromleys, baronets,of Stoke Hal ] , Nottinghamsh ire. Of the name of Carre, there were two

baronets, (an Engl ish and an Irish one,) v iz . sir Edward Cart e, of Sleford

com. L incoln, kt . created 9 Jac . I, and Charles Henry ~ Carr, of the

Queen ’s county , Ire land, made a baronet 1697. Query L

—Was the above ladyrelated, and how, to either of these ?

Sl it THOMAS MIL L INGTON is ment ioned, in 1690, as renting a pew in the

church , but his name, l ike the above, occurs no otherwise in the parish books,we are

"

therefore unab le to'

give any part iculars .of him.

SIR RICHARD HOL FORD —The Holfordswere original ly of Holford juxta

NetherTab ley in Chesh ire, and have been formany ages, and st i l l cont inue,a family of high respectab i l ity . The prec ise period of their first becommg 1n

hab itants of this parish , does not appear but it will be seen, fromwhat isabout to be stated, that they must have been landholders, if not parish ioners,very soon after the d issolut ion of St . Giles

’s hosp ital . The earl iest parish re

cordsment ion the name, and it stands consp icuous, in those of an after date,

formore than a century ; though this by nomeans determines the length of

their residence, as these records extend no farther back than the reign of

James I. Howmany years theymight have lived in the parish before thatt ime, can only be conjectured fromc ircumstances. The informat ion we havebeen ab le to gain, warrants the conclusion , that it could have b een l itt le lessthan a second century , in wh ich case they are to be numb ered amongst theoldest inhab itants of the parish . The occasion of theirfirst settling here, seemsto have been in consequence of their purchase of that part of

'

the hosp italestates, cal led Aldewy ch c lose, adjoining Drury - lane. This land, of wh ich an

account has already b een given, was held in the reign of Elizabeth, by Henry

Holford, esq . (joint ly with sir Henry Drury); Henry Ho lford, . his son or

grandson, held it in the reign of Charles I.

Richard Holford, of whomwe nowspeak, was the next successor to th isestate, and flourished during the interregnum, and great part of the reign of

Charles II, andwasa great b enefactor to the parish . The firstmention'

of himin the books is anno 1653, as the donor to the poorof perannum, for ever;

and

876 ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

and in 1655 -6, .he is'

againmentioned as to the same gif t, and the sumstated

to be £ 5 yearly , instead of In 1659 his princ ipal donat ion (the.Princes;

street estate) was secured by a deed of feofl‘men’

t fromhim, therein describedasRichard Holford of the parish of St . Gi les- in- the- fields, to the thenminister,Thomas Case, and others, trustees. The part icularswill be found underthe

head “Donations.

” Oldwick c lose (of wh ich thiswas part) is said in the

deed, to have theretofore bel onged to the hospital of St . Giles, and to have

lawful ly.descended and come to himfromhis ancestors. Th is estate still be

longs to the parish . The name of Richard Holford again occurs in 1660, in

the churchwardens accounts, where credit isgiven himfor six and eight -

pence,

for his licence toeat flesh in'

L ent . He is not againmentioned, and probab lydied soon afterwards. Hismonument was in the old St . Giles

’s church .

SIR RICHARD HOLFORD , the son, was born anno 1633, and d ied in the year

1714, at the great age of 81 . An engraved portrait of himby Vertue, froma painting by Richardson, (a private p late,) st ill remains in . the hands of the

family . Sir Richard was a master in Chancery in 1693. His relict d ied

March 90, l 7QQ- 3. There are descendants fromsir Richard ; one of these,

Peter Hol ford, esq . (lately deceased,) was also formany years a master inChancery . Besides the above, there was a Henry Holford, also an inhab itantof the parish , and chosen vestryman in 1669 .

L ADY ANNE HOLBORNEwas one of the daughters of the duchessDudley ,and resided with hermother at Dudley house, in 1623, and gave towards

rebuilding the church, under the name of lady Anne Dudley . She after,

wards became the wife of sirRobert Holborne, of L incoln’s- inn, kut . who, in

the patent of nobil ity granted to her mother by Charles I, is sty led Robert

Holborne, esquire, and whose services, with those of sirRichard L eve son,whomarried another daughter, ismade one of the considerations forbestowingthat patent. L ady Anne died in 1668, hav ing previously bequeathed .to

the poorof St . Giles’s, (of wh ich she appears to have cont inued a parish ioner

unt il her death ,)and was buried in St . Giles’s church , with amonument and

inscript ion. SirRob ert Holborne, the husband, was a lawyer of considerab le

eminence,Query .What relation to sirRichard L eicestershire, another c ontemporary , mar

was sir JamesHolford, buried at Chelsea, ried Frances, daughter of James Cec il, earlNov . 1 7, 1 713 ; and the righ t hoiible lady of Sal isbury , (the third earl). She certainlyFrancesHolford,also interred there April 16, is the person buried at Chelsea.

”

(Nob le’

s

1698?SirWi l liamHolford, ofWelham, in Contin. of Granger.)

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378

SirWilliamOsborne

,&c .

ST. G ILES ’S PAR I S H ;

loyalty and eminent lawyers. His lady was the'

daughterof sir John Harrison,

of .Ball, in .Herts. SirEdmund was a commissioner of the Cursitors Office,first commissioner Of the Alienat ion office, and surveyorof the Out -ports ; and

died 1707, aged 88. His father, sir Christopher Turner, was a baron of the

exchequer. SirEdmund ’sportrait, by Varelst , has b een engraved.

SIR THOMAS JONEs.

— SirThomas Jones' occup ied a pewin themidd le aisleOf the church, in 1682 . Hemight be a descendant Of sirHenry Jones, knight,Of Albemarle, com. Carmarthen, who was created a baronet 19 Car. I, (1643 )and wh ich family, as to the t itle, was e xt inc t in 1708 . Or, Query ,Was herelated to the Ranelagh family , whose surname was Jones?SIR EDWARD DEERING .

— A vestry order of 1680, directs’squires Hampden

and Vaughan to have sirEdward Deering’s pew, and to

.

pay therefore yearly£4 a p iece. SirEdward, on the authority of Hasted, inhis H istory of Kent,was the 15th in descent fromDernigus de Morinis, whose ancestors came over

with the Conqueror. He was knighted 1618, and created abaronet 1626. His

first'

wife wasEl izab eth, daughter of Sir Nicho las Tuf ton, afterwards earl of

Thanet . His son, sirEdward (who succeeded himwhile aminor,)d ied 16844.He was also a parish ioner, for in 1684, thepewinwh ich the earl Of Nott inghamsat

,

”isappropriated to his use, by a like order Of vestry .

SIRWILRIAM OSBORNE— The right worshipful sirWi ll iamOsborne, and

Mr. attorney general ,”are noticed in twoentries in the { vestryminutes for

the years 1680 and 1681 , as occupy ing pews in the church . The first d irects

“.The right worsh ipful sirWi lliamOsborne to be placed in Mr. Hinton’

s

pew, but with roomtherein only forh imself and daughter; and to pay yearlysos. being the th ird part Of the rent of the said pew;

”the second minute

orders that Mr. attorney general b e placed in the pew'

wherein the late

lord chancellorwas seated . These, and the eminent charactersafternamed,(aswe l l as several of wh ich. we have just given an account,)are all ment ionedabout this t ime asrenters of pews and seats in the church,and are an evidencewhat great numbers of nob ility and gentry then inhab ited the parish .

The numb ero f people of rankwhob ecame parishioners about this time

, or a

few y ears earl ier, evidently occasioned theal terations and additions in the church, not iced in the fo l lowing v estry orders, v iz .

1 664 Ordered, That a petition be prepared to the b ishop of London, forthe erec t

0

3L ADYing o f galleries, for

‘

th'

e better accommodation of the nob ility and gentry .

”-And

again, 1672 Ordered , That a door- wayb e made out of the churc h porch, for themore convenient passage of the gentry .

And 1686, Ordered, That the way by the

church be enlarged, forthemore convenientstanding

BIOGRAPHICAL .— EMINENT PARISHIONERS.

L ADY L ITTL'

ETON;— Sir'

Edward L ittleton, the first baronet of th isfami ly ,(and whowasso created 3 Car. Hester, thedaughterof sirWilliamCourteen, of L ondon, knight ; and d ied 1674.

- The lady L ittleton ‘

here

ment ioned was, fromthe date she occupied a‘

pew(1680, probably hiswidow.

There were also the L ittletonsOfWorcestersh ire and Shropsh ire (both baronetsfami l ies,)but she does not seemto have belonged to them.

SIR STEPHEN L ANGHAM .—The fami ly of the Langhams descended fromWilliam“

, son of Henry de Langham, who held land in L angham, in Rutlandsh ire,

‘

10'Edw. I.

'

SirJohn L angham, of Cottesbroke,Northampton, (aldermanend lordmayorof London,)was created a baronet on the restoration

'

Of Charles

II,'

and d ied annO‘

1671, leaving three sons, James,Wi l l iam, anti Stephen.

SirJameswhosucceeded his father, and d ied 1699, was a parish ioneras

'

well

as his brother Sir Stephen. His third wife was the daughter Of' John,earl Of

C lare. SirJameswas chosen a vestryman in 1674. The honorab le L ahghamBooth (possib ly related to th is family)wasalso chosen a vestrymen in 17203SIR THOMAS CHICHELEY .

- A MadamChicheley ,” of whomthere is an

engraved mezzot into portrait, and who was Of‘

the same family , was an

inhab itant here in the year 1700, but we know not howrelated . SirThomasheld a pewin the church, anno 1680 .

HON. RUSSEL , esq .-He is simp lymentioned as renting a pewin 1690,

and wasprobab lyrelated to the Bedford family .

SIR PAULWHICHCOTT.- ThiS parish ioner was the son of Sir JeremyWhichcott, '

Of theInnerTemp le, created a baronet 12 Car. II. He 13ment ionedin 1692 , as the occupier of a pew, wherein the L ady Byramhad been seated.

The family was originally“

ofWhichcott in Shropsh ire; fromthence denominated D eWhichcote, for several generations, as appears by two inquisit ions,taken 2 Edw. II, and 44Edw. III. SirPaulmarried the daughterand co- heir

of Sir ~Nicholas Gould, bart . and died 1734 ; leaving on ly one ch ild, whosucceeded him, and .was named SirFranc isWhichcott .L ADY CL IFTON.

-The C liftons, towhomth is lady was al l ied, appear to havebeen long parish ioners, or

'

connected bymarriagewith parish ioners here. The

family took their name fromCl ifton, a vill in Nottinghamsh ire'

; and are de

Scended from‘

Alv eredusde Clifton, aknight,who lived soon afterthe Conquest;The eighteenth in descent fromhimwas SirGervase Clifton,made a knight Of

the

standing of the c oaches of gent lemen com orders o f a similar import, b ut these wil ling to church .

”There are various other suffice .

3 0 2

379

Lady Clifton.

ST: G ILES ’S PARI S H ;

the_bath at the coronation of James I, '

and afterwards advanced by himto thed ignity of a baronet. SirGervase’

s first wife, was Penelope R ich, daughterof

Robert earl ofWarwick, and niece to Henry Rich , earl‘

of

parishioners,)by whomhe left a successor, SirGervase Clifton, who d ied 1675 .

The lady C l ifton here ment ioned, might be his widow; she rented a pewin

the church in Sir C l ifford Clifton, who has been noticed, married thedaughter of lord chancellorFinch .

THE LADY SKIPWITH .- There were two baronets of th is name, but it is

not,

easy to say to wh ich th is lady belonged, orwhether to either Of them. Sir

Thomas Skipwith, of Metheringham, in the county of L incoln, so created

30 Car.‘

and Fulmar Skipwith, of Newbold Hal l, in the county

ofWarwick, made a baronet ' 22 Car. II, L ady Skipwith occupied

a pewin 1690.

A L ADY BYRAM isment ion ed th is same yearasrenting a pew, but we know'

nothingmore of her.

,MAJOR GEN. EGERTON is entered in the churchwardens accounts

as the renter also of a pew in the church . Query , If of the Bridgewater

family P— The hon . ThomasEgerton, of that fami ly ,married a daugh ter Of the

marquis of Newcastle.

[The fol lowing persons (mostly of title) were either parishioners and

vestrymen during the period we are treat ing of, or held estates in the

parish , the sites of wh ich have since been built on, and bear their

names ]SIR CLEMENT ARMIGER,

— For several years one of the magistrates Of this

district, was vestryman from1674 to 1695 in wh ich year he d ied . In 1692,

b eing b lind, and deemed superannuated, he was sequestered, but afterwards

recovered hissight, and wasreinstated as one Of the vestry . He sub‘

scribes the

vestryminuteswh ile b lind, bymaking hismark . Before, and afterwards, he

Signs his name.

SIR HENEAGEFETHERSTONE.— SirHeneage Fetherstone (one Of the baronets

created by Charles II, on his restoration, ~ and then described as“

‘

Heneage'

Fetherstone, of Blakeware, appears to have b ecome a parish ioner ofSt . Giles

’s soon after his attaining that d ign ity . He was amember of

'

vestryfor the long period of forty

- three years, namely , from1669 to 1712 , in wh ichlatter year he d ied . Sir Henry Fetherstone, his successor, was a vestrymanalso, being elected 1717, and remaimng so till 1731 , when he vacated his

place

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382 ST. GILES’S

SIR THOMAS ROBINSON, one of the countymagistrates, arid a vestryman also

of th is parish, was created a baronet 33 Car. II, being 2th en described

as Thomas Rob inson, of Kentwell hall, in the county Of Suffolk,'

esq .

”He

appears tohave been amagistrate Several years, and ractiv‘e in'

.the parish con

cerns, as an entry occurs among the items of e xpenditure in the church ‘

wardens accounts for 1656, Of 3s. ~ paid for coach - h ire ‘

for justice Rob in

son,- and justice Pepys, they having sate

'

late in the vestry about~

parish

business.”i

SIR GERVASEELWYS, l ike the above,was for several yearsone'

of the county

magistrates. He was chosen vestryman previously to ‘

his advancement to thebaronetage,

’

being then sty led GervaseElwys, esq .‘He was created

‘

a

'

baronet

12 Car. II, by the descript ion of Gervase Elwes, Of Stoke juxtaClare,”

com.

Sufl'

olk. He was descended fromsirGervaseElwys, lieutenant Of the Towerin the reignof James I.SIR JOHN BROWNL OW, was a parish ioner during part of the reign of

Charles II, and has been ment ioned in speaking of Brownlow- street ; He was

created a baronet 17 Car. I, by the descript ion of John Brownlow, of

Belton, prope Grantham, com. L inc ’

, esq .

” which t it leWas ext inct in 1708 .

His daughter, Jane Brownlow, married Peregrine Bertie, second duke of

Ancaster(a —Se'

e BrownlowHouse.

SIRRICHARD STIDDOLPH .— He was the proprietorof the estate on the south

side Of the church, where NewCompton- street, 860 . nowstands, which was at

first called frOmhim Stydulph - street .”

The part iculars Of his grant of land

there to enlarge the churchyard, in 1667, has been'mentionetl under its

proper head . This estate,‘ with great part of the Marshland, or Seven D ials,

sirRichard enjoyed by a lease fromthe Crown and probab ly resided himsel fon the spot . Much Of it was afterwards called Brown’

sGardens. The Styd

dolph family appearto have been parish ioners long previously to sir Richard ’

s

purchase, hisancestor,Wi l l iamStidolfe, be ing one of those who contributed to

the rebuilding of the church in 1623. L ady Stiddolph occupied a pewin the

church in 1684

H ump hrey Weld, esq . (see Weld House, was chosen a vestrymanD ec . 13, 1669 . He appears to have become an inhab itant of the parish about

the

(2 6

) SirRichard was created a baronet at Richard Stiddolph , OfNorbury , com. Surry .

theRestorauon by the description of — The tit le was ex tinc t before 1 70 8.

BIOGRAPHICAL .—EMINENT PARISHIONERS.

the y ear 1648, when he purchased his house and premises fromsirEdwardStradling.

Dudley Short, esq . Short ’s Gardens,” Drury - lane, received name from

th is g entleman, _who resided On - ' their‘

site, and Jwas: a contemporary ipaQrishioner and .v estr

'

ymanwith Mr.Weld — A furthers account - of :him'will be

found undert he head “, Short ’s Gardens .

WilliamShelton, esq . founderand endower Of the free schoolwh ich bears his

name, was a vestryman, and served the Office of overseer in Hewasowner of a piece Of ground, on which the parish , .during the plague

'

of 1665 ,

erected a pest- house. He died in the year

' 1673.

Messrs. B enbrig and Buckridge, two-

gentlemen of the vestry , who gave

naines- tostreets built on the sites of their estates, viz . Bainb ridge and Buck

ridge streets. Mr. Bainbridge, (or B enbrig, as he is cal led in the vestryminutes,) hasb een

‘

beforement ioned as the donor of 300 towards bui ld ingagal lery in the church . He waschosen a vestryman in 1669 . Of Mr. Buck-1

ridge we find no part iculars, farther than his being a parishioner and

vestryman:uMessrs. t etstone, Dy ot, and Pargiter.

— These parish ioners gave name tod ifferent places in the parish , v iz .Wi l l iamWhetstone; toWhetstone-

p ark, on‘

the horth Side of L incoln’

s- inn -fields.

‘

He was?

overseer in, 1655 , and was

buried in St.Giles’s churchyard . Richard Dyot, esq . (as has been already

not iced) resided in, and gave name to the we l l known Dy ot- street. He was

chosen a vestryman in 1699 . Mr. Pargiter was a nearly - c ontemporary parishioner, and gave name toPargiter’

s rents, running out OfWhetstone-

park

into Ho lborn .;

Vestrymen, (Se c. continued .

[There are fewpart iculars Of interest in the short not iceswe have b een

ab le to col lect of the fo l lowing vestrymen, furtherthan the length of timesome of themwere in office ]

John Cannon was, for upwards of forty years, a member Of, and constant

attendent , at the vestry . He is not iced in the books, as a parish ioner, as earlyas the year 1665 , by an entry which ment ions himto have paid 10 3. as the

'

rent of a pewf orh imself and wife, in the south aisle Of the church . In 1672 ,

he fined for'

overseer, and was on the 2oth of April, in the same year, chosenvestryman. He died in 1712—13, at a very advanced age.

James

383

JohnCannon.

384 ST. G ILES’S PARI SH ;

JamesParthericke, ’

a sti ll Older vestryman than John Cannon, having jeon

tinued such fromhis admission in 1666, til l his death in 1717, a period ofmorethan half a century . He was overseer

'

in 1664, and churchwarden,in 1670 .

The cont inual occurrence of his name in the books,

‘

on all occasions of parish

business, through that long period, and his .regular attendance, Speak himto

have been an act ive ly useful parishioner. His . son, Joseph Parthericke, waschosen a vestryman in 1699 .

WilliamWooden, the donor to the poor .of the rent - charge issuing from. the

Hampshire Hog, was churchwarden in the p lague year, 1665 . B e'was elect

ed a vestryman in 1672 , but on ly cont inued such until 1675 , when he vacated,

probab ly fromage, or an idea of his approach ing death, as’

he obtained an

order, that year, to erect a grave - stone for himself in the churchyard , similarto Captain Hooper

’s, though hiswill is dated two years later. He had been

a parish ionersome years, having served as overseerin 165 3 and .might havebeen the son of an EdwardWooden, who l ived in 1623, in Painteroall ey , and

isset down asa subscriber towards rebuilding the church .

Ralp h Bucknall, an eminent parish ioner, and for several years one of the

countymagistrates, was chosen of the vestry in 1675, and took the‘ lead in

almost all the parish businessof consequence fromthat period, unt il his death,wh ich happened in 1710 . He first signs the parish books, as a justice of the

peace, in 1692, but he probably acted as a magistrate .much earl ier. Mr.

Bucknall was by trade a brewer, and had his house and premises near those of

Dudley Short, esq .

John Mary dale — The residence of Mr. Merydale adjoined the churchyard,

asappears by a vestry order of 1684, al lowing him to rebuild .his tenementadjoining the churchyard ; and to en large the same in a straight line, so far

as the rails did stand and tomake use Of the churchyard wal l adjoining, as a

party wall to said tenement ; and tomake convenient lights, Sac . upon pay ingHewas churchwarden in 1687, and died 1695 .

A Timothy M ery day (query , Merydale ismentioned in the assessment of

1623, as l iving on the south Side of the church, andmight be his father.

Nathanel Stratton, churchwarden in 1675 , with Henry . Han Od, and a

member of vestry formany years. .He was probab ly descended fromHenryStratton, to whomthe estate cal led “Noselings was conveyed, by Mr. JohnL ambe in 1654, and wh ich , in a subsequent conveyance, istermed Bowl- yardand Great Garden. Mr. Stratton died in 1693.

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386 ST. GILES ’S PAR ISH ;

Robert Bessie, distinguished : in the annals of t his parish ; by many yearsresidence,

'

and serving a variety of Offices, appears to have been the son of

Thomas and Elizabeth Bessie, who, in ' 1623 lived in Drury - lane, and contri

buted'

20s.'

towards rebuild ingthe church.' This son, Robert, and a daughter,

Mary , arementioned in the assessment, as being then inmates Of their parents.Robert

‘ Bessie was chosen of the ve'

stry in :1666, and died some few-

years

afterwards.

[Of the fol lowing tradesmen, some were vestrymen, and some not. Theirnames, except in two or three instances, are only preserv ed

'

o'

n their

tokens, a series Ofwh ichmay be seen in the annexed plate. They are

all but one (No. of ametal resemb ling brass, and , for themost part,very thin, and light inweight .]

NO.- Inscription,

“ ‘W. K .Wh itcombe, brewer, in Parker’s- lane, 1659 .

Reverse, the initialsW.W. surrounded by fourc irc les, orrings.WilliamWh itcombe.—Mr.Wh itcombe, cal led in

'

some places in the parishbooks, captainWilliamWhitcombe,” was the proprietor of a considerab le

brewery wh ich stood on the south Side Of Parker’s- lane, on the spot afterwards

call edWhitcombe-alley'

. The ground forerecting Shelton’s schoo l , purchased

in 1661; and wh ich is stated to have been 105 feet wide next the street, and

50 feet deep, and to have been then in the occupat ion of the Dutch ambassador,and others,must have nearly adjoined it. After

'

serving some of the minorparish offices, captainWhitcombe was, in 1665, (the plague year,)chosen

churchwarden. He was afterwards e lected a vestryman; and‘

seems, in that

situation, to have been selected to negotiate all such parish'

businessasrequireda person Of trust and talents, and, in consequence, - is Oftenment ioned in the

“minutes.” He was dead in 1686, as, in that year, a bond, which he had

given to the parish , as security for Mr. Hulcup’

s and Carter’

s legacies,(andwhich legac ies had been

‘lent to himon interest,) are ordered to be del iveredun to his executor, Mr. L ongland, churchwarden, on Mr. Longland

’

s exone

rating the parish froma deb t it owed to him.

“NO. 2 .— Inscript ion, Henry Powel l , in Saint Giles Feildes; cheesemonger.

We find nothing of th is parishioner beyond the informat ion here given on

his token .

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ST. GILES ’

S PAR I SH ;

two ant ient mns l n the main street, the Swan on the Hop, and theWhiteHart , might b e here intended, whose businesses aswell as signs, were then

united under one owner.— See account of those two inns.

No. 1 1 .— Inscript ion, E. B. at the Black Boy in Gileses in the Feilds.

Reverse, a naked'

b lack boy , with a roll of tobacco underhis arm, and hold

ing a spring of tobacco in his hand .

Thiswas, there is little doub t , the token of a tobacconist, but we are left

without themeans of ascertaining ~either his name orresidence.

No. 12 .— Inscript ion, H . I. The Talow Chandler in S

t Giles Fieldes.

Reverse, aman d ipping cand les.

No. 13 — Inscript ion, Thomas Chapman, in Bloomesbury , 1664, His

Half Peny . Reverse, a crown .

,No. 14.

— Inscription, AndrewPash ley , at the Bull and Mov th in Bloomerb vry , HisHalf Penny . Reverse, a bul l andmouth .

Th is sign is represented ,exac tly as it is at the present Bul l and Mouth inn,

situated in the street of that name lead ing fromAldersgate- street . Pennant

tel ls us th is sign originates froma ludicrous corrupt ion of the name of

Boulogne Mouth ,”

or harbour, popular in the t ime of Henry VIII, fromthatmonarch ’

s expedition against it . Th is AndrewPashleymight be relatedto a James Pash ley , who was overseer in 1684.

No. 15 .— Inscript ion, Edward Smith , in Bloomesbvry Market .” Init ials,

E. S. S. Reverse, a horned animal, but of what spec ies is doub tful fromthe imperfect way it is represented“No. 16.

—f Inscription, Elizevs Southern, 1667, in Bloomesbvry Market,

His Halfe Penny .

” Reverse, the initials, E. S. S .

”

Of all these lattertradesmen we find no informat ion beyondwhat is containedon their coins.

DUKE orNEWCASTL E succeeded themarquis of Powis, asa parish ionerandthe occupier of Powis House, (wh ich thence came to be cal led Newcastlehouse). The character and eccentric ities of th is nob leman are well known,and are admirab ly portrayed by Smollet, and otherwriters of his day . He

.was the maternal nephew of John Holles, duke of'

Newcastle, who by hismarriage with Margaret Cavendish, th ird daughter and coheir of Henry duke

of Newcastle, b ecame one of the richest subjects in Britain. It was general lysupposed that his only chi ld, Henrietta; would have inherited his vast pro

perty,

BIOGRAPHICAL .—EMINENT PARISHIONERS .

perty, but his grace adopted his nephew,Thomas Pelham; to whomhe signeda deed of gift, and confirmed it by hiswil l. This fortunate person,

"

however, ,

having no ch ild, the ducal honourof Newcastle upon Tyne, wh ich George I

had renewed in his favor, being to exp ire at his death, he ob tained the t it le of

duke of Newcastle under Lyne, with remainder to hisnephew, Henry Clinton,

earl of L incoln, whose descendants stil l bear the t itle.

Of his grace’s pub lic life there are abundance of accounts. He filled the

most important oflices in the cab inet and the palace, fromthe -accession of the

house of Brunswick almost to his death, among wh ich for several yearsthat of primeminister of state and issupposed at one time or other,

.

duringthe long course of his pol itical l ife, to have been possessed of almost everyp lace of honour or profit that his sovereign coul d b estow. Of his connec t ion

with th is parish , we find only one memorandumin the books. It is a vestryminute, anno 1717, ordering, that thanks b e returned to his grace, the

duke of Newcastle, and to the lord chancel lor, for the extraordinary pains

they had taken in parl iament, in gett ing St . Giles’s church to be one of the

fifty newchurches. Th is favor, it has been before observed, was ob tained

for the parish principal ly. through the duke’s influence and exert ions. He died

Novemb er 1764, at the age of 64.

DUKEOF ANCASTER.— L indsey house, L incoln

’

s- inn -fields, (afterwards An

casterhouse,)of wh ich an account has been given among the d istinguishedbuildings in th is parish , cont inued to be inhab ited by the ducal family of

Ancaster, as late as the year 1770 . The,second duke, Peregrine Bert ie, was

the contemporary , aswel l as near neighbour of the duke of Newcast le above

named, and died 1742 . He married Jane, one of the four daughters and

coheirs of sir'

John Brownlow, of this parish ; fromwh ich c ircumstance, histh ird son, (afterwards the fifth duke of Ancaster,) was named Brown low

Bert ie.

”

”

SIR GODFREY KNEL LER resided in Great Queen- street, during the greater

part of the reign ofWill iamand Mary Th is dist inguished art ist,‘

ofwhom,as wel l known to the pub l ic , a sl ight mention wi l l suffice, fora long t ime flourished with unrivalled fame. Eightmonarchs are said to have condescended

to

He is thus notic ed in the rate book annum. Rent, doub le received to single foro f 1 71 7 Drury

- lane div ismn, sirGodfrey the last half year.”

Knel ler, knigh t, to b e charged 1 0 0 1. per

389'

396

Dr.Radcliffe.

r. PARISH ;

ti) sit to himfo'r theirpditraits, and the b'

eauties of his'

day st il l survive in his

colours.

'

Fewmen ‘

(in an}7 line, but part icularly in his own) have exceededhimin thedistinction he received, as hewas knighted,

"

created a baronet, and

aknigh t of the Bemari emp ire. He was received with the utmost honourinour palaces, arid the university of Oxford conferred on himthe degree of

doctorof laws at his ownseat he a'

cted as a' magistrate ; had he remained

at Lubeck (even if he had inherited his grandfather’

s . estate at Hall , and

his‘

oflic'

e'

of surveyor general"

of the mines,)hewoul d probab ly never haveob tained the eminencehe possessed inEngland .. He died possessed b f greatWealth, October 27, 1723.

DR. RADcEiFEEwas the next doorneighbour of sirGodfrey a curious

anecd ote connec ted withwhich , istold,as foll ows -Knelleral lowed the doc tor

a door into his garden, but d iscovering that the latter’s servants had stolen

many beautifiil flowers fromhim,

‘

he, exasperated, sent himthe followmgmessage I wi l l

'

shut up the doei'

to prevent thedoc tor’s going into it ;

”to

which Dr. Radcliffe rep l ied, I carenot what you do, so you do not p aint the

door;”

and"

K'

neller'

rejoined, Doc tor, I can take any thing fromyou butphysio.

” This'

ce lebrated characterwasa '

native of Yorksh ire, and practiced

early in life at Oxford ; but c ircumstancesrendering his situation there nu

pleasant; he settled inL ondon, where he became equally c elebrated for'

his

wit'

and hisprescript ions the formerb lazed forth with nat ivefrankness,withoutrespect to

“

place orpersons he told kingWilliam, ‘3 I would not have youftwo legs feryourthreekingdoms? and queen Anne, by amessengerwho hadb eensent to hirii, Hermajesty wasaswell as anywoman inEngland, if shewo’

uld think so .-He d ied November1714, and was buried with the utmost

magnificence at Oxford, where hehad previously erected tohismemory thatnob lest of monuments, the Radcliffe library.

”

portrait, byKneller, was in the possession of his friend, Dr. Mead .

"

SIR Hairs SEOANE.—‘

Sir Hans’

Sl‘

oane, one'

of the greatest brnaments of theage inwhich he lived, honoured thisparish bytesiding init several years and

on the separation of St. George, Bloomsbury , was (me of the membersof itsfirst

Dr.Mead wasanothereminent inha sites of the gardens and houses of theseb itant, in the medical l ine, of this parish , three greatmen had been part of the‘

groundsand res1ded alsomGreat Q ueen- street

, near, ofWe ld house, before described .

ora l ittle subsequent to this period. The

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ST. G ILES ’S PARI SH ;

d ifferent persons, though he acknowledges the extreme resemb lance of the two

portraits.

MADAM GOODFEL L OW.— The family of Goodfe l low (fromwhomth is lady

might have been a descendant) seems to have b een resident in th is parish as

early as 1623, the name of Mr. Goodfellowbeingamong the subscribers at thatperiod toward rebui ld ing the church . She is described as l iving in theDrurylane

’

division, and is charged £3 00 personal estate.

SIRRICHARD STEELE— Sir Richard Steele’s residence in L incoln’

s- inn

fields, fromwh ich c ircumstance this parish c laims himas an inhab itant, pro

bab ly took p lace in consequence of his connection with the adjoining Portugal

street theatre, of wh ich he was for some t ime a part proprietor, and

manager — Accounts of himare to be found in various b iographical

works.

SIR ROGER L ’ESTRANGE.— The only evidence we have of th iswell known

literary character’

s being a parish ioner is, an entry in the books of a gift fromhim, in 1676, of £ 5 to the poor, and also the c ircumstance Of hisbeing buried

in the church, where, he had, says the NewViewof L ondon a veryneat po l ished wh itemarb lemonument, adorned with cartouches, leaves, fruit,”&c .

-See Account of the Church .

SIR NATHANWRIGHT.— Sir NathanWright succeeded lord Somers as lord

keeper, and resided during the period he held the seals, v iz . until 170 5 , in

Newcastle house, L incoln’

s- inn- fields,being the interval between its abandon

ment by the marquis Of Powis, and its occupat ion by the dukes of Newcastle.

A c lergyman’s son he was bred to the bar; April 1699 , he received the coif

and December 30, was made king’s st eant . L ord Somers, one of the

greatest characters that the age produced, resigning the seals, they l iteral lywent a begging.

” Wrigh t was knighted, and they were p laced in his hands,and he presided in Chancery unt il 1705 , when he is said to have been fairlybooted out of it, and Cooper, a luminary succeeded him. SirNathan d ied at

Cancot hall, inWarwicksh ire, August 4, His lady died at Powishouse,in L incoln’

s- inn - fields, Oct . 9 1; 1705 .WIL L IAM Hou rs —WilliamHucks, esq . was an opulent brewer of th is

parish, and a character well known to the pub lic of his day . He wasmanyyears

Vide Col ley Gibber’

sApology , who given in that work many particulars of hiswas a co-

proprietorwith him, and who has characterand conduc t whilst patentee.

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394. ST. GILES’

S PAR I SH ;

to the antient grants, and of wh ich we have taken notice in speaking of the

hospital chap lains. The parish priests, between the D issolution, and the first

rector, ,mentioned by Newcourt, (if there weremore than one in that interval ,)

are equal ly unknown tous unless, wh ich is not improbab le, the person namedThomasMagnus, c lerk, (ment ioned in lord Lisle,

’s l icence to convey , asoccupy

ing thePitaunce Croft,)was the intermediate rector. The subsequent rectors,as furnished in the Repertorium,

”and by the parish records, were as

followSIRWIL L IAM ROWLAND SON, CLERK,

20 Apri l 1547.

Newcourt informs us, th is is the first person whomhe could find instituted

to this church as paroch ial, and a rectory , wh ich was on the 2otb April 1547,

(1Edw.VI,)at the presentat ion of sirWymond Carew, as true and undoub ted

patron thereof and not b eing ab le to find any earlier institut ion, he conc ludes,that the church belonging to the hospital,must have b een the place to wh ichthe inhab itantsof the parish did in those days resort to performtheirreligiousworsh ip .

In the declarat ion of the commissioners, for ascertaining the value of col

leges, free chape ls, brotherhoods, 8m.made 1 Edw. VI, (and part ly quoted in

p . 99 )this sirWilliamRowlandson, and his rectory , are thusmentionedSt . Giles in y

° Felde,memor"Theris of howseling people w

’tin the said p

’isshe, the nomber of c ccv

SirWill i’mRowlandson is p ’son

,and his p

’

sonage isworthe by yere vujwho sarv eithe the cure hymselfe .

”

GEOFFERY EVANS, CLERK,8 Nov . 1571 , permort ’ Rowlandson.

On the death of Rowlandson, Geoffery Evans, c lerk,was instituted as his

successor, 8th Nov . 1571 , at the presentat ion of queen Elizabeth , as true and

undoub ted patroness ; since wh ich t ime, the advowson Of th is rectory hath

cont inued down, all along in the crown, to the present day . Evans held theliving only eight years, v iz . unt il 1579, when he resigned .

WIL L IAM STEWARD , CLERK,

3d August 1579 , perresig. ofEvans.

See as to this,account of the hospital church, pp . 53 St. 54.

RECTORS, CURATES, ac .

NATHANIEL BAXTER, ShT. P.

19 Aug. 1590, permort’ Steward .

His name was also spelt‘

Backster.

” He had previously held the livingsof Redburn,

‘

in Hertfordsh ire and of St. Margaret Lothbury, London. He

resigned in littlemore than a twelvemonth .

THOMAS SAL ISBURY, CLERK,

24Dec . 159 1 , perresig. Baxter.

He resigned afterapossession of less than nine inoiiths.

JOSEPH CLER'

RE, A .M.

16th Sept . 1599 , perresig. Sal isbury .

It seems uncertain howlong thisc lergyman held the l iving ; Newcourt says,he resigned in favour of RogerManWayring, but in what year he'

cannot tell .‘In referring to another part of the same author

’s work, (the Repertorium

Parochiale,)we find C lerke to have he ld the l iving Of St . Mary Mounthaw,L ondon, from1594, unt i l 1603 and the rectory of St .Nicho las Co le Abbey ,unti l the year 1604, when his successor in that rectory is stated to have beeninstituted therein, on his death . Now, accord ing to AnthonyWood, (AthenasOxoniensis,)Manwayringwas, in 1604, only entered a student at Oxford con

sequent ly theremust be here an errorin dates, or theremust have been someintermediate rector, whose name has been omitted in Newcourt ’s list .

ROGER MANWAYRING, D . D .

OrMaynwaringe, as he Spel ls his own name in the parish books, was rectorduring the bui lding of the second church to the expence of wh ich he l iberallycontributed, both by his purse and preach ing, as has been noticed in Speakingof that fabric . He was a native of Strotton, in Shropsh ire, and received hiseducation at Oxford ; he was afterwards appointed

'

chaplain in ordinary to theking, and rector of St . Giles. Themost remarkable c ircumstance which distinguished his incumbency , was a prosecution commenced against himbyparliament, forpreach ing and pub l ish ing two sermons, called Religion and

All egiance ; and for further handling the subjects there treated of, (andwh ich were deemed highly offensive,)In a th ird sermon, preached In the parish

3 E2 church

895

GilbertDillingham.

ST . GILES’S PAR I SH ;

church of St. Giles, May 4, 1628. Forth is he was fined as. imprisoned,and declared incapab le of enjoy ing any ecc lesiastical preferment. He was,besides, ob liged tomake his submission to the house, the formof whichmaybe Seen inthejournals Of the house of commonsDr. Maynwaringe received some compensation for the above severe sentence,

in a short t ime afterwards, being presented by the king to the church of Stamford Rivers,Essex ; with licence to hold that of St. Gileswith it and a pardon

on the 9th of January following, (1629 ) In 1633, he was elected dean ofWorcester and was consecrated b ishop of St . David ’s, February 28, 1635 .

During the c ivil warwh ich ensued, he had his share of persecution and died,

perhaps amartyr to it, July 1 , 1653. He was buried in the collegiate church

church of Brecknock, near the high altar

GILBERT D IL L INGHAM,

perpromot ’ RogerMaynwaring.

We have met with no part iculars of th is rec tor, nor are we positivelyacquainted with the t ime when he was inst ituted to the living. He died

1635 .

BRIANWALTON, A.M.

15th January 1635, permort’D illingham.

This very learned and dist inguished c lergyman (of whose b irth, education,

preferment, sufferings, and indefat igab le labour and care, in pub lish ing the

celebrated Polyglot Bib le, and otherworks, a full account will be found Ath .

Oxon. v. II, p . 730, et sec .)was presented to the rectories Of St . G iles- in

the-fields, and of Sandon (Essex,)by king Charles the first, (being at the t ime,

Newcourt supposes, one of his majesty’

s chaplains,) to both which he wasadmitted January 5, 1635, and was then on lymasterof arts, (Registr. Loud .)

He

Also in Malcolm’

s LondinumRedi lently , and persecuted fromp lace to p lacev ivum, art . St . Giles.

”c ontinual ly . Walker describes himas an

Hewas born in Shropshire, b ut Of a excel lent crit ic in Ithe Greek tongue, of a

Cheshire family ,'

wh ich'

L loyd says, was pious life .and conversation, ch aritab le and

anob le one . . H IS two sermonswere preached humane, particularly as to the redeeming ofb efore Charles I,° during his attendance on cap tives. That though he laboured underhim

.

as chap lain. In 16 1 0 , he was on the a severe charac ter, with the puritans, yet b eold grudge Of his two sermons, asL loyd ex wasmuch esteemed by the royal ists,

‘

and of

presses it apprehended suddenly , con great zeal for the church of England.- See

fined severely , fined heav ily , plundered v io alsoWood , Athenae Oxonicnsis.

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ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

On the return Of king Charles II,’

he was restored to his l iving of St . G iles,

his canonry , and other preferments, wh ich he enjoyed in quietness unt il his

death,He was buried in the coll egiate church ofWestminster, near the

bottomof the stairs leading up to the pulp it, July 7, 1663, leaving b ehind himthe characterof an excel lent tutor (wh i lst he wasa fellowof St . John ’

s col lege,)a general scholar, and ameekman in temper and conversat ion

HENRY CORNISH ,

Incumbent from1641 , to the year 1648.

Henry Cornish, was chosen minister, on the expulsion of Dr. Heywood,

by a ruling party among the parish ioners, and cont inued to hold the l ivinguntil 1648. The following are entries respecting himin the parish books

1643. (9 Mar.) Upon a motion of the churchwardens, and serious con

sideration of that part of the vestry who had , subscribed the order, it was

resolved, That before the first day Of the'

ensuingMay , the names Of all the

parishioners should be fairly written in a book.

”And that such person as

Mr. Cornish Should appoint, be empowered to aske of the said parish ioners andreceive of them, such several sums Of money , as they might be d isposedvoluntarily to contribute to Mr. Cornish fora lecture once aweek ; and for theb etter enab l ing himtomaintain a preaching curate for the said parish .

”

He isment ioned in the following entry respec t ing the parsonage house1647— P

"untoMr. Cornish, by thep arishioners order, y

' did remayne dueunto himof the some of 15 s. y

' b e disburst aboute ye

parsonage house,

wh ich some is 15 s. as also in various other entries in the parish

books

ARTHUR MOL YNE, CLERK,Incumb ent fromthe year 1648 to 165 1 .

Mr.Molyne, appears to have succeeded Henry Cornish , some t ime in theyear

Newcourt . f . s. d .

xiv en to Mr“1647. Rec

’

oe . Cornish, sir}l o o oBab thorpe, a minister

, . by Mr. VVillliamWaller’sgift to themoreCornish andMr.Hyde

’

sappointmt Rec’

fromMr. Cornish1647. Rec

’

of. Mr. Cornish,

S'Wil lmWaller’ s gift to the vi -

IIOo 0 . 0

monyes col lec ted in the Olde si ted poore16. 6. 0 .Town Division, v o luntarily given ChurchwardezzsAccounts.

to theputting o f the poore towork

RECTORS, CURATES, 8m.

year 1648, as an entry in the churchwardens accounts of that date, notices

a payment of rent to him‘

for the countess Of Oxford ’s pew, v iz . 1648. P6

Mr. Molyne, amoietie of the countesse of Oxford ’

s pew, £ 1 . 10s.

” And

another entry , in the same year, acknowledges the . rec eipt fromhimof a'

sumof money given for the use of poor, and withwh ich he had been intrusted as

rec tor orminister, viz . 1648 . Rec’

of Mr. Molyne, £24. 68. given . by Mr.

Crofton .

”

In 1650, a collection, similar to that which had before been made forMr. Corn ish, was ordered to be made for Mr. Mo lyne, for preach ing the

Sunday afternoon lecture, accord ing it issaid to ant ient custom,” v iz .

1650 (October30 .— Ordered, that a collect ion bemade forMr. Molyne,

for preach ing the Sundayes afternoons lecture, for the hal f year preceed ing.

And that the benevolence of the inhab itants so Collected, according to ant ientcustomof the parish , be paid himwith all convenient speed .

” And a short

t ime afterwards, it was agreed at ameet ing of parish ioners, in the'

vestryroom, that there be a lecturer chosen. And that a yearly collection bemadefor him, the th ird part of wh ich to be paid to Mr. Molyne, our newminister,for an augmentat ion of hismeans, arising out of hisEaster book, and other

casualt ies”

Mr. Mo lyne appears to have held the incumbency notmore than a twelve

month after th is entry , when he was succeeded by

THOMAS CASE, A.M.

Incumbent fromthe year 165 1 to 1660.

ThomasCase, the next, and last incumbent during the Interregnum, con

t inned to occupy the p lace of the expel led rector, Dr. Heywood, unt il the

Restorat ion. The name of Thomas_Case stood foremost in the l ist of violent

reformers of his age, wh ich made hima desirab le person in the eyes of that

part

Agreed that th e other two parts

Of such col lec tion, b e paid to the lec turerso intended to b e chosen, for preach ingevery Sunday afternoon.

”And a committee

Of twel ve of the vestry , with the two church

wardens, were to present four ab leministers, to preach on foursuccessive Sundayafternoons,

”out Of which the lec turerwas

to be chosen by a general consent Of the

inhab itants, (pub lic notice being giventhereof in the church in the afternoon be

fore such col lec tion ismade). And it was

furtheragreed, that such committee, oranynine or ten Of them; should meet everyMonday inthe v estry .room, at

'

two o’

c lockin the afternoon, to nominate and provideaminister, to preach theMonday fol lowing

Vestry Minutes.

399

ST. GILES’S PARI S H

part of the parish ioners, who held similar sent iments, and who had nowusurpedthe

”

right Of elect ion . AnthonyWood ’s account of him, (wh ich is to be taken

howeverwith some al lowances,)is as fo l lowsThomas Case, son of George Case, vicar of Boxley , in Kent, was born in

that county , and became a student of Christ Church , Oxon’

, upon the recommendation of Toby Matthew, archb ishop of York, in the year 1616; at

'the age

of 17 years, orthereabouts. He took the degrees in arts, holy orders, 8m. andpreached for some t ime in those parts, and afterwards in Kent, at or near the

p lace of his nativity . On the turn of the t imes, in 1641 , he c losed with them;and being sch ismat ical ly addicted, he b ecame an enemy to the b ishops and

liturgy , a great firebrand in the church , and a leaderand abettor of the pre

tended reformat ion, and what not, in the c ity of London ; and so'

consequently

to get preferment and weal th, which before he wanted, and was therefore

discontented. About the same t ime, he wasministerOf St . Mary Magdalen

church , in Milk- street, L ondon, upon the sequestration of a loyalist where it

was usual with him, at his invitat ion .Of the people to the Lord’s tab le, for the

receiving Of the sacrament, to say You that have freely and liberal ly contri

buted to the parliament, for the defence of God’

s cause and gospel, draw

near — instead of, You that truly and earnestly repent,’81C. (as see

M ercurz'

usRusticus); to the rest he threatened damnation, ascoming unwillinglyto the holy sacrament . In 1643, he, as agreat lover of the cause, wasmade,by ordinance of parliament, one of the

'

assemb ly of divines; being then as

b efore, and after, a frequent preacher b efore the memb ers of the said parl iament and about that time, he was the Thursday ’

s lec turer at St .Martin’s- in

the- fields. He was so zealous a covenanter also, that he pub lished a sermonabout the solemn league and covenant ; advised all to take it, and was angrywith those who did not, though they understood it not .

He was, during the c ivil war, (asmost of his brethren were,) a commonpreacher Of rebellion. At length, he and they , being cozened of their kingand the design they had upon him, by the Independents, he became a b itterenemy to that party ; plotted with L ove, Jenkins, 8m. and with the Scotts

,to

bring in his son, Charles the Second, anno 1651 ; Case, being about this t ime,ministerof St. Giles- in- thejields, near

‘

L ondon. But upon this plot being'

dis

covered, and LOve, the consp irator, sufl'

ering for the rest , b e,with the rest of hisbrethren thatwere Of the conspiracy , made a petit ion to Oliver, by way of acknowledgement and submissionforwhat they had done.

i

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ST. GILES ’S PAR I S H ;

servants of that prince. Robert Boreman, being designed for the church ,

receiv ed a regular preparatory educat ion for that purpose, and at a proper

age was‘

se’

nt to Cambridge, where he became a fellowof Trinity college, and

afterwards entered into holy orders. After some intervening preferments, he,in 1663, was presented to the rectory of St. Gi les- in- the-fields, in wh ich hecont inued twelve years. He died in the winter of the year 1675 , at Green

wich , in Kent, having passed his life in cel ibacy . He pub lished, among other

th ings, the following p ieces, v iz . 1 . The Churchman’s Catech ism, or the

Churches Plea for Ty thes, Lond . 165 1 .—Q . The Triumph of Learning over

Ignorance; and of Truth overFalsehood : being an Answer to FourQueries ;first, whether there be any need of Universities, 8cc . Lond . 1653.

— 3 . The

L ife and Death of Freeman Sonds, esq .— 4a Relation of SirJohn SondsNar

rativ e of the Passageson the Death of his two Sons ; both printed at London.

N . B . The said Freeman, son of Sir John, was hanged formurthering hisbrother.— 5 . A Mirrour of Christianity , and a Miracle of Charity , 850 . (

39)And, 6. A Sermon on Philip . ii i . 20 . Lond . 1669 .

It seems, fromdifferent entries in the parish books, that sirWilliamBoreman, the doctor’s brother, was the owner of premises in St . Giles

’s, and was

most probab ly also a parish ioner ; his tenants,”aswell a s h imself, being

noticed as givingmoney for the use of the poor. Hisresidence, however, isnot

-mentioned .

JOHN SHARPE, A . M.

3d January 1675 , permort ’ Boreman .

Dr. Sharpe, afterwards archb ishop of York, was a native of Bradford, in

Yorkshire, and educated at Christ ’s co llege, Cambridge. He was first

appointed domestic chaplain and tutor to the four sons of SirHenage Finch ,'

attorney general, wh ich led to his further promot ion. Sir B enage afterwmdsobtained the h ighest office in the law, and recommended his friend Sharpe toCharles II. The first fruitsof th ispowerful application in hisb ehalf were, thearchdeaconry of Berkshire, 1679 , and a prebendal stall at Norwich, wh ich wasadded by hispatron ; and in 1675 , h ewas presented by the king to the rectoryof St . Bartholomew,Exchange, L ondon . The profits of these enab ling himtomarry , he left the chancellor’s house, where he had resided fiv e years ; and

the

Seememoirof duchess Dudley , p . 360 .

RECTORS.

the rectory‘of . St . Giles becoming vacant by death (toWhom

he had previously been curate), he was, on the king’s presentat ion, inst ituted

thereto asab ove“ Dr. Sharpe enjoyed the friendsh ip'

of the most ’

eminentd ivines but that of . his neighbourrector, Dr. Tillotson, was procured :byone of those singular c ircumstanceswh ich often .mark the l ivesof eminent :men;Dr. Sharpe

’s fatherwasa dry - salter, aswasMr. JoshuaTil lotson

,uncle of the

latter; the two brother tradesmen deal t together. The son and nephew.had

on ly ,to know, to esteem'

each other, and the resu lt was, a friendsh ip that onlyended with death .

“

4

The lecturesh ip of St . L awrence. was given to Dr. Sharpe, and the deanryof Norwich in 1681 . Before the death of Charles II, (to whom, among his

other preferments, h e had been made chap lain,) he wrote the address of the

c ity and grand jury of Norwich . He afterwardsattended the coronat ion of

James II, wh ich monarch he soon o ffended by his refutat ion of the idl e pretensions of the church of Rome, to . be the only visib le Catholic church .

B ishop Compton, his d iocesan, was ordered to suspend him, and was h im'

self

suspended for refusing so to do Dr. Sharpe read his notes to chancel lorJcfl

'

eries, who endeavoured to screen him but it was judged proper he shouldret ire, and not preach until leave was given . He modest ly acquiescedfl and

removed to Norwich, where he amused himself in forming a collection of coins,chiefly Brit ish , Anglo - Saxon, or Engl ish . He was recalled in less

. than

a twelvemonth, and returned with joy ; but refusing to obey the ecclesiastical

c ommissioners, remained in disgrace _to the end of that reign.

After the arrival of kingWill iam, he was appointed to preach before h im,

was named one of the revisers of the liturgy , and offered the vacantmitre of

one of the deprived prelates ; but th is he nob ly refused .

‘

He was, however,made dean of Canterbury , upon the removal of Dr. Til lotson, and subsequentlydean of St . Paul’s, in November, 1689 . His friend, archb ishop Tillotson, .at

length

doc trines of the Roman Cathol ics. The

b ishop having consul ted the - civilians,‘was

He was'

then rec torof St .Martin'

s

ih - the- fields. (He is called in the vestryminutes b efore this, “JMr. John Sharpe,

but afterwards Mr. Dean

8 Sept’.— The b ishop of London

was on Monday suspended fornot silenc ingDr. Sharpe, of St . Giles

’

s, forsomething of

a sermon, in wCh he zealously reproved the

to ld by them, that he could not by any law

proceed against Dr.Sharpe, without"

pro

ducingwitnesses, and impleading accordingto form but it was over- ruled by the chan

cellor, Jelfries, and the’

b ishop sentenced .

”

Mr.Evely n’

sDiary .

403

Dr. Scott.

ST . GILES ’S PAR ISH ;

length proposed, and the king acceded to his wish, that Dr. Sharpe should

succeed Dr. Lamp lugh iri the see of York ; and that prelate dy ing soon after,

hewas, July 5, 1691 ,-

con'

secrated, and elevated at once to the arch iepiscop’

alQueen Anne made himlord almoner, a privy counc i l lor, and

a commissioner for the Union. He presided at York formore than twentyyears, equal ly admired and beloved . Piety and virtue seemed matured inhim. He died at Bath , February 2 , 1718 - 144, without an enemy , and wasinterred in

'

his own cathedral of York . By Elizabeth, youngest daughter ofWi l liamPalmer, ofWinthorpe, in L incolnsh ire, esq . he left a fami ly , whojustly gloried in so good a parent . His sermons, wh ich have been collected,and pub lished in

'

sev eral volumes, are well known to the pub lic .

JOHN SCOTT, S.T .P.

7th Aug. 1691, perpromot ’ Sharpe ad Arch " Ebor.

This excellent divine, was the son of Thomas Scott, a suffic ient graz ier, of

Chippenham, inWilts. Not being intended by his fatherforthe church, hewas,atfirst, placed out asan apprent ice in London, and reluctantly served three y earsin that situation but being inc l ined, saysWood, to Virtue and good letters,

”

he abandoned the trade to wh ich he was being brought up, and retired to

Oxford. Wh ile here, he b ecame a commonerof NewInn, under the tuition of

Mr. ChristopherL ee, (v iz . in 1657, being then about 19 years of age,) andmaking great profic iency in logic and philosophy , he departed, not havingtaken any degree, but had received holy orders ; and after some interveningappointments, became minister of St . Thomas’s, in Southwark. He subse

quent ly became rector of St . Peterle Poor, Broad - street, L ondon,'

and lecturerof a church in Lombard - street, and at length, rectorof St . Gilesin the Fields,asabove. In 1685, he had proceeded in d ivinity ; and on the coming in ofWilliamand Mary , became a canon ofWindsor, in the place of Dr.

John FitzWilliam,

His last sermon, in St . Giles’schurch , do attend the most reverend fatherin God,

appears to have b een preached on Sunday ,June 28, 169 1 ; aminute b eing entered in

the vestry b ook, to that effec t, dated the

succeedingWednesday , July 1 , in the fol

lowing words It is desired, that RalphBucknall , esq . PeterLugge, esq . capt . Cannon, capt . Partherick, Ste . and the churchwardensof this parish, orany five of them

,

John, lord archb ishop of Yorke, and, on theb ehalfe of the vestry , and of all the inhabié

tants of th is parish, do give his grace humb lethanks

, forhis pious care formerly taken inth is parish, and earnest ly to intreat him

,

that he would, in addi tion to his formerfavors, print the sermon preached by hisgrace,in th is church, on Sunday last.

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Dr.Gal ley .

Dr. Smyth.

ST. GILES’S.BAR I S H ;

books, on hisfirst‘coming tothe rectory of St . Giles, Will iamBaker, rector ;

but afterwards WilliamBangor and WilliamNorwich .

”

HENRY GAL LEY, D . D

December1732, permort ’ Dr.WilliamBaker.Dr. Galley

’s appointment is thtis noticed inaminute in the vestry books

1732 , 20 December. First attendance of Dr.

‘

Galley .

” At the t ime of th isappointment , he was chaplain in ordinary to George II. Dr. Gal ley marriedin 1737, MissKnight, of Brooke- street, Grosvenor- square,who had a fortune of

In 1760, he had a trial at law with the vestry of St . Giles, beforelord Mansfield, and a spec ial jury, respect ing the right of appointing the parish

c lerk. The verdict was in favour of the vestry , who proved that they had‘

exerc ised the right for 125 years. Dr. Galley died in the month of August

1769, and was succeeded by

JOHN SMYTH, D . D .

August 1769, permort ’ Dr. Henry Galley ,‘

He was chaplain to the great seal, and a prebendary of Norwich he died

March 1788 ; his successorwas, the

RIGHT REVERENI) JOHN BUCKNER, L L . D

Lord b ishop _of Chichester, who was presented 1797, and who is the presentrector.

L ecturers and Curates.

The office of lecturerappears to be'

an appointment of comparatively latedate in this parish ; the earliest ment ion of it,

‘ in the vestry minutes, occurring(asbefore noticed)no furtherback than the year 1628, when the arrangementsment ioned below .were made respect ing! it . Previously to that period, theduty of afternoon preacher, seems to have been performed by the incumbent,but without any extra allowance.

Dec . 1628 .— Itwas agreed upon, by vestry , in consideration of Dr. Man

waring relinquish ing forh imself, and successors, ayearly rent due to the parson,in right of hisrectory, of six pounds ten sh illings,wh ich did issue fromthree cot

tages, standing upon the churchyard glebe ; andwhich cottages(being an annoyance to the churchyard, and a hindrance to the burial ground, of wh ich the

parish had great need) he had consented should be removed ; that said vestryshould

LECTURERS AND CURATES.

should consider of a recompence answerab le to such annual rent, as the said

parson should lose by such tenements beingremoved .

” Who was the firstlecturer chosen in consequence of th is agreement, does not appear but someyears afterwards, viz . in 1643, an orderoccursfor a voluntary contribution to

be taken forMr. Cornish, the minister, for a lecture once aweek ; and for thebetter enab l ing himtomaintain apreaching curate.

” Th is situat ion appearsto

have been first filled byARTHUR MOL YNE,

(Just not iced .)— His appointment is thus noticed in the vestryminutes1650.

— Ordered that a collec tion bemade forMr. Mo lyne, the lecturer

In the January of the following year, in consequence of Mr. Molyne beingchosen minister,” the inhab itants nominated four candidates for the vacant

office ; and July 7, 165 1, they elec ted—r .

Mr. GODDARD,

Who was lecturer only one year, when 1 1th May , 1652, the parishioners Mr.Goddard.

appointed as their lecturer

THOMAS CASE,

Who being elected pastor, orminister,” on the death of ArthurMolyne,the parish probab ly

“

chose a successor to the vacant lectureship, but whose namewe are unacquainted with, (forwe find no appointment afterwards for someyears,)and who continued In the ofice, unt il the expulsion of ThomasCase, In1660, when Dr. Heywood, being restored to his rectorship, and things havingb een returned into their former channel, another c lergyman was put into hisp lace —Th isminister, it appears, fromthe vestryminutes, was

And in a second vestry , it was re

solved That Dr.Manwaring, the rec tor,

in consideration as aforesaid, and also of a

c onstant supply o f preach ing in the fore

noons, and catech iz ing in the afternoons, on

Sundays, should b e al lowed£84perannum,to be collec ted proportionab ly , by a ty the

b ook.

”—!And subsequently it being repre

sented,“That Dr. Mainwaring, (at the

request of several of the parishioners,)beingwil ling fora certain t ime, to admit of another preacher to supply his place in the

lMIr.

afternoon, the vestry consented that the

voluntary benevolence of 84 perannum,should b e continued ; the same to be di

v ided into two portions, the greaterwhereofshould remain to the doc torforhis

own care and pains of preach ing every forenoon, &c . ; and the to be paid yearlyto

’

such afternoon preacher, until the doc torshould himself choose to do that duty .

”

1651 , (July Mr.Goddard,having

made his probation'

sermons, was chosen

lec turer.

Mr.Hore.

ST. GILES’S PAR I SH ;

Mr. SL AUGHTER.

A subscription being ordered to bemade forhim, underthe name of lecturer,aswe l l as forDr. Heywood, in 1662, possibly in consideration of the losses

they had sustained during the inter-regnum. The next lecturer.was

Mr. HORE.

This gentleman appears to have continued in the lectureship from1665 to

1672, (at least no othername occurs in that interval). In 1672, reasons were

ordered to be given in to vestry why Mr.'

Neast did not officiate . on the

Sunday forenoons, according to the choice of the inhab itants:” and on the

churchwardensattending the b ishop , he b lamed themfor electing aMr.Alsop,

being an improper person, Mr.Neast, probab ly fromneglect, (as also in couse

quequence of a note fromthe rector, Dr. Boreman,) having been put by , andthe name of Alsop having beenimproperly substituted ; and it furtherappearing,that the said Alsop wasa very scandalous and ill - liver, and not fit to officiate

in that place,”

MR. ROBERT OSBALDESTON

was chosen in 1672 , and held the lecturesh ip four years only ; for January1676,

“ It was ordered by vestry , that Mr. Horneck and three others,

should stand in nominat ion forthe lecturesh ip of th isparish , and should preachon the part iculardays appointed ; and that one of these be chosen lecturer bythe inhabitants, according to custom, on the 18th of February , after ev emngprayer.

”

The four gentlemen, of which Dr. Cave was also one, were to preach on

foursuccessive Sundays, and the elect ion appeared to be be going on accordingto custom but the parish ioners, who had increased in numb er, and it seems inviolence, were so far divided in their choice, that some popular tumults ensuedin consequence. Wherefore, March 2 , The vestry having taken intoconsiderat ion, the obstruct ions and differenceswh ich had happened in chusinga lecturer for this parish and wh ichmight again, in all likelihood, happen, ifthey should proceed to a newelection ; to the end that theymightmight have

t imeAuthorof the Crucified Jesus.Author of the “ L ives of the Fathers.

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Mr.Riddle.

Mr. Smith .

Mr. Sel lon.

ST. GILES ’

S PARI SH ;

named by the rector, and himself, . and Mr. Thomas Haley by the parish ._At

th is, - .and‘

the next ‘

election. in 1729, the vestrymade several regulations as

to the qualifications of the e lectors, .8cc .

'

Mr.Knaggs was lecturer twenty .

1 1”

MR. RIDDLE.

16 May l 724«.— ~By consent of

'

the _rector, Messrs. Capper, Riddle, andWh ittingham, were nominated to stand candidatesin the roomof Mr. Knaggs.

The election to begin on Monday the 18th Of May , at 9 o’clock, and to

continue until Thursday , at 1 o’c lock, and no longer.

”

Mr. Riddl e was chosen on th is occasion, .and cont inued lecturerfiv e years,viz . until 1729, when dy ing, he was succeeded by

MR. SMITH .

On this occasion Mr. Capper, a candidate at the last election, again put up,and was the only Opponent of Mr. Smith . The election began onWednesday ,at 9 and closed on the following Saturday , at 2 o

’

c lock, when

Mr. Smith was returned by amajority of the parish ioners. He was lec turer29 years.

MR. SEL L ON

Was chosen in 1758, and cont inued lecturer until 1790 ; when he was

succeeded by

MR. EL ISHA FAUL KNER,Who held the lectureship only eigh t years. His death

when hewas succeeded by

THEREV. JOHN SHEPHERD,

The present (1821) lecturer.

CHURCHWARDENS. 4411

Cburchwardehsf rOm161 7 -M 17G1 .

Richard Bigge, esq . 1633.

George Col l ins,John Amy , andJohn Brewer, (choseninstead of Co l lins,who d ied in hiswardenship .)

ThomasTurpin,Richard Eckold.

Mat thewQ uire.

Mat thewQ uire,Patrick Drumgold.

1617.

1618.

1620 .

1 62 1 .

162 2 .

Turpin, withWil l iamEdmonds.

1634.Wil l iamEdmonds,George Gardner.

1635. George Gardner,George Hope .

1636. GeorgeHop’

e,

.George Nurse.

1737. .George Nurse,John Jones.

1638. John Jones,ThomasHarrison.

1623. Patrick Drumgold, 1639 . ThomasHarrison,Robert Johnson. Wil l iamPratt .

1624. Richard Syre, esq . 1640 .Wi lliamPratt,Robert Hope. CharlesSouthwel l .

1625. Richard Syre, 1641 . George Hope,

Joseph Brackley . Wil l iamAtkinson.

1626. Robert Johnson,John Ge thin .

Thomas Lawson ; hewas chosen Aug. 3,

1626,instead of Ge

th in, who was dead,orhad left, b ut dy ingh imse l f b efore his

yearwas out,Robert

162 7. 1643.

1644.

1645.

1646.

Hope was againchosen in his stead . 1647.

1628.Wil l iamOkey ,Wil l iamChapman. 1648 .

1629 .Wil l iamChapman, 1649 .

ThomasHarrison .

1630 . Richard Bigge, esq . 1650 .

ThomasSheppard, esq .

1 631 . Thomas Sheppard, esq . 1651 .

Jeremy Turpin.

1632 . Jeremy Turpin, 1652 .

Edward Al ley n.

He lived in Drury - lane in 1682 , and fromthe following description of his house, was pro

bably'av intner, v iz . All that tenement, com

mouly called or knowne by the name of the

1642 .Wil liamAtkinson,Edward Laurence .

Edward Laurence,Franc is Baker.Edward Gerrard,Wi l l iamHooper.Wil liamHooper,

MajorWal terBigge.

Ric hard Bigge, esq .

John Hyde,'

esq .

John Hyde, esq .

Robert Panton.Wil liam'

Shawe .

isaac’

Bringhurst,John Bishop . l

EdmundWilmot, 5

John Baker:Jobn

‘

Bak‘

er,

James'Hearnden.

Edward Ives,ThomasRichardson .

1682

Three Blackbirds, consisting of a'

seller,

‘with a

hall, kitchen, and four other'

chambens '

ov erthe

same, nowin the occupation of Mr.Hooper, andworth perannumxijii.

3 G 2

16531654.

1655.

1656 .

1 657 .

1658.

1659 .

1660 .

1661 .

1662 .

1663.

1664.

1665.

1666.

1667.

1668.

1669 .

1670 .

1671 .

1672 .

1673.

1674;

1675.

1676.

1677:1678.

1679 .

1 680 .

1681 .

Thomas Richardson.

Samue l Harris.John Brad ley .

‘

Thomas Bly the.

John Seagood .

Francis Breade,

John Hooker.

ThomasStephens,Franc is Kitchin . .

Franc isKitch in,John Belford.

SymonMarshal l,

RogerFlower.RogerFlower,John G lover.John G lover.

.Edward Hodges,Nathaniel Harding.

.WilliamWhitcomb e,Richard Bedwel l .Ric hard Bedwell .Wil liam

.

Wooden.

John Col lins.

John Morris,John Andrews.

'JohnHooker )LCap

°JohnParthericke.

Richard Hulcpp .

,

Nathanie l Strat ton .

Henry Hubgood .

Henry Rogers:Wi l l iamMat thews.

Robert Lon‘

gland .

Oeofi'

ery Bay ley .

JohnBurnham.

Setphen Burke.

Edward Harris

ST. GILES’S PARISH ;

1682 . ThomasHarris. 1 70 7. JohnEvergan.

1683.Wil liamKilbury . 1 70 8. Richard Kentish .

1 684. Thomas Barnes. 1 709 . Bruce Randal l .1685. John Bay ley . 17 1 0 . George By land1686. Rob ert Sex ton.

1 71 1 . JohnHarris.

1687. John Merydale .1 71 2 . John Curtis

1 688. AnthonyWel ls.1 713. JosephWithall

1 689 .1 7 14. Joseph Spencer.

1690 . Richard Sheppard .1 7 1 5. Edward Boswel l

169 1 .Wil l iamPhil l ips.1 7 15.WilliamLewis.

169 2 . John Twell. 1 7 1 7 . HenryWright .1693. GilesRiddle. 17 18 . Edward L iney1624. Joseph Ashead.

1 719 . Isaac Fie ld ing.

1695.Wi l liamMay , 1 720 . John Prater.1696. Thomas Hibbs. 1 72 1 .Wil l iamWhitehurst.1697. Thomas Co l linson.

1 72 2 . JosephWo tten.

1698. Richard Read . 1 723.Wi l l iamGilmore .

1 699 . Rob ert Legg. Henry Vaughan .

1 70 0 . Thomas Smith . 1 72 5. JosiasOat ley .

1 70 1 . Thomas Briggs. 1 726. Franc is Goodge, sen.

1 70 2 .William‘

Crossfield . 1 72 7. JohnMartin .

1 703.Wil l iamShield . 1 728 . John Fortescue .

1 704. James Sargison. 1 729 . Philip Barron.

1 70 5. Richard Gates. 1 730 . JohnWil lson.

1 706. Thomas Priddy . 1731 . James Pinnock.

Vestry Clerks.

Stanislaus B oweswas constab le in 1678, with Edward Harris, butwas chosenvestry c lerk before 1666 as in that yeara payment of or wasmadehimas such, forwriting several bookes, and forhis attendance.

N .B .— This is the first appointment on record to that Office — Seemore as

to, p . 284, Art . Vestry Clerk.

”

Robert May es succeeded Bowes, and died before 1686.

JohnRey naulds— Mr. Reynauldswasappointed vestry c lerk, January 1686,

in the roomof Robert Mayes, deceased . He compiled an al phabetical list Of

vestry orders, st i l l remaining, forwhich he was paid in 1690.

John

Headborough in 1674, afterwards a v estry v estry . In 1695, he was high constab le of the

man, &c . In 168 1,he petitioned, with John Ossulton div ision.

Morris,&c. for an alteration or addition to the Glaz ier. Bricklayer

Carpenter. Parish pav iour

1 732 .

17331 736:

1 737°

1 7391 740 .

1742 .

1 7431 744.

1 7451 748.

1 7491 750 .

1 751 .

1 752 .

1 7531 754.

1 7551 756.

1 757'

1 758 .

1 759 0

1 760 .

1 761 .

Thomas Loe.

Charles Fairchild .

Thomas Coging.

’

Stephen Le Bas.

Daniel Jones.

Joseph Franc ia.

Edwau l FHz .Warburton .

Robert Cooper.

JamesWhi tt le .

iReget anks

Joseph Purser.Franc is Harrache.

Samue l Spenc er.George Baker.Wi ll iamHeritage .Wil liamCo l l ins.

Jonathan Jennings.

John Carpenter.Samue l Dail ley .Wi l liamStab les.

EdwardWren.

ThomasDavis.

HerbertHoman.

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I N D E X.

A .

AL DEWYCH, the Saxon name given to the

land on bo th sides of Drury - lane, (which wasantiently cal led the Via de1 0 0 , 1 0 2 ; more particulardescription of, 1 10 ,1 1 3 to 1 15, and 130 to

Gampumde, (or Oldwick Close), account

of, 1 34 to 138

Alexander (Pope,) his confimatory Bul l toHospital , 9 to 1 1

Alleys ; notices as to some of the principal ones,antiently and at present in parish , v iz . Canter

'

s, 1 2 5, 1 2 8 ;Whitcombc’

s, 134; Thornton,Partridge, and Turnstile, Alleys, Tichborne, 1 50 ; Flower's, ibid . ; Dixon’

s, andEagle and Child, 1 52 ; Pav iours, 1 2 7 ; Greyhound and Swan

, Al leys, 1 2 7 and 1 2 8 ;Sharper

’s, 1 2 7 ; L ittle Al ley , 1 55 ; Grid

iron 149Aims ; customof collec tingthemf orLazar- houses

,

in a clap dish, 5 ; enumeration of those giv ento Hospital before Henry II 6

See HOSPITAL Possessrons.

”

Houses ; Strype’

s account of, theiroriginal andpresent situat ion, &c . 2 33 ; further partienlars relating to, 32 1 to 324.

Ancaster, orLindsey - house, account of 2 50

duke of, a parishioner

‘

account of, see

“Ancasrnn House .

”

Apothecary , (the parish ,) turned out of his placefor dismembering the dead body of a pauper,and dec laration of v estry

'

thereou 2 85Ashley , sirAnthony , a parishioner 162 3 ; account

of, and of h is son- ln - law sir John Cooper,ancestorof the earls of Shaftesbury 354

B .

Babington, account of his plot, and execution for,

111 Picket’

sField, 2 55

-

56 ; furtherparticularsas to

- 23oBaguley ,Wm. his intrusion into the ministry as

a preacher in Queen- street chapel 2 32

Bainbridge,Wm. an eminent parishioner, temp.

Car. II, gav e name to Bainbridge - street, 1 52 ;leavesmoney forbuildin a gal lery in church ,ibid . furtheraccount 0 2 04.

‘ See GAL LERIES.

”

Bat/r, the earl of, (a parishioner in 1640) accountof 348

Bat t , Frances, hergift to poor 30 8

Bay ley , Anthony , his gift to poorof a rent- chargefromTurnstile tavern ‘

30 7Bead les ; ch iefly employed formerly in preventing

introduc tion of strange poor, and v estry ordersconcerning, 2 83 ; al lowance y early for theirdress - ibid

(Assistant one ;) GilesHanson appointed to thesituation of, to search out newcomers

,

”

30 2

Bedford Chapel , account of 2 32

Beggars, or v agrants ; drol l names of some of

the antient ones in parish , and entries of relief&c . to 30 3- 4

Bells ; the, in antient Hospital Church 19 1

D it to, in second Church , 2 0 3 and 2 04.

Bertie, hon. Robert, h is gift to poor, 30 9 a'

cc‘

ount

of

Bigge, alderman and churchwarden in 1 6 1 7; ao

count o f 357MajorWal ter, churchwarden 1 645 ; - accoun t

358

Mr. Sherin”, di tto in 1 646 ; account ,oi 359

B lake, (Mr.)a formerbenefac tor to'

p'

arish ; ordered

by v estry to hav emoney to re lease h imfromprison, 31 2 ; furtheras to 317

Blemund ,Wil liam, orBlemonte, lord of themanorof Blemondsbury or Bloomsbury , 155, 342 ;anniv ersary ob i t for, in St. Giles

’

s HOSp l tal

Church 56

See below.

Bloomsbury ; its situation, and howantiently de

scribed ; progress oi budding on, & c.

1 50 to l 59

Manor, 32 8 to 333

Bloomsbury ;

I N D E X.

Bloomsbury ; Church and'

parislr; account of the

erec tion and formation of, 333 to 340 ; scite

of church, 335 ; described as a building, 233 ;boundaries of the parish , 336 to 338 further

pai ticulars as to parish , and its churchyard,34°

Vestry , disputes of, -with St. Giles’s v estryon itsfirst appointment, 2 77 and 2 78 ; settlement of their differences, and become a jointv estry 2 79Square andmarket 1 57Chapel

Blundi, Hugh de, an antient landholder so

named -

343

Borde, Dr.Andrew, a resident on part of Hos

pital site, 52—3 ; b iographical account of, 346Boswell, Margaret, hergift to poor 30 8

Boundaries ; conjec tures as to the original boundarics

,extent, & c . of parish , 9 8 particular

account of, containing the a ntient names, anddescriptions of v arious placesmentioned inthe Hospital deeds, & c . and inc luding ac

counts oi Colman’

s- hedge, Merslade, L onge

mere,and

‘

other places inWestminsterFields ; Elm- c lose or Long

- acre Cov ent

garden, v ia de A ldewych , orDrury - lane St.‘

Clements part of Oldwirk- c lose ; Barramde Holburne, Gray

’

s- inn and Red L ion- fields.

Picket ’s- field, & c . with the remarkable buildings,modern streets,& c .on theirscites, namesof possessors of land ; contests respec ting,and otherparticulars, 160 to 1 89

Further entries fromparish books, as to

perambulations of 2 9 1

Bristol, the earl of, a'

parishioner reg. Car. 11

account of 363

Britisb Museum; see MONTAGUEHou se.”

Brotlzers and Sisters ; what part of Hospitalestab lishment so cal led, and account of, 40—50

Brownlow, sirJohn ; account of, and of his house

and garden on site of Brownlow- street,

1 2 9 and - 247Building ; difi

'

erent eras of building in parish , andp laces first buil t on, 1 0 6- 7 ; remarks on, andon thegeneral sty le of theirarch itec ture, 1 0 8acts of parliament restraining 1 0 6 (note)

Buildings, (distinguished ones,) antiently and at

present in parish ; account of, v iz . Church ,& e. l go to 2 26 ; buildings for confinement,punishment, & c . 2 2 7 to 2 31 ; chapels and

p laces of worsh ip, 2 31 to 2 33 ; charitab leestab lishments, 2 33 and 2 34; places of

amusement, 2 34to 2 36 inns and houses of

entertainment , 2 37 to 243 mansionsof nobil lty and gentry, 243 to 2 5 1

415

Burial grounds ; account of the workhouse burialground , 2 89 ; ditto, of the newburial ground,Pancras

See further, GILES, Sr. CHURCH YARD .

Funerals in, regulations and entries as to, 2 89 ,and . 2 90

Burton, his account of the nature of leprosy 2

Burton St . Lazar, the head hospital in Englandfor. lepers ; account of, and of 1ta connec tionwith St .Giles

'

s, 3 ; its seal, 3 and 38 ; sub

jection to St . Lazarus of Jerusalemdenied, 3 ;grant of, &c . to lord Lisle, 33 its amount,.v alue, &c . at the dissolution 1 49

Butler, John, gift to poor of rent- charge fromestate in St. Sepulchre

’

s parish 30 9

Byram, lady , a parishioner, reg. Car. II ; accountof 380

Canterbury , archbishop of ; his v isitation of hospital, 2 0 ; ludicrous account of h is treat

ment of the canons of St . Bartholomew theGreat, Smithfield ibid . (note)

Carew; effec ts of the leprosy in Cornwal l , as described by 2Wymonde, purchaser of hospital site, & c . fromlord L isle, and patron of St . Giles

’

s rectory ,

35- 6 account of, 346 presents the first rectoron Newcourt ’s l ist 394

Carter, Henry , his gift to poor 30 9Cellars ; great harbours forIrish and otherstrange

poor, flockinginto parish, 30 1 almost pecul iar to St. Giles'sMates, residents in cellars in this parish , so

cal led 30 1

h ismonument in St. Giles’

s

churchyard4 4 2 23

Cl arity schools ; what and where situate, 2 34;

and 324 to 32 8

Chapels, and extra places of worsh ip ; account ofthe different ones, formerly and at present in

this parish , v iz . Southampton chapel , 2 31 ;Queen- street chapel , 231—2 ; Reed

'

smeetinghouse

,2 31 ; Capper

’

s dit to, 29 1 ; Bedford

chapel ,&c . 2 32 furtherparticularsasto, 390Church, St. Giles

’

s ; see GILES S'

r.

”

C/iurclzwurden ; their duties, &c,. as antien tly set

forth, and en tries fromv estry minutes as to

regulation of, 2 80 and 2 8 1 ; bequest to buythemgowns, 2 8 1 ; list of, from 16 17 to

1 76 1 , 41 1 and 41 2

416I f N

'

D

Charles l l ; state of parish as to building, in hisreign, 1 0 7 ; ring

ing at h is restorat ion 2 0 3

Chesterfield, earls of ; parishioners, &c . residentin Bloomsbury - square ; accou

n t of th e 348

Chic/relay , sir Thomas, a parishioner, 1680 ; se

count of - 37g

Cleansing ; firstmention of scavengers forparish ,2 95 ; ac t of parliameutob tamed forregularlyc leansmg the streets ; agreements and regu

lutions as to, and oth er particulars ibid.

See also SCAs GERs.

”

Clerk, an o fficer of hospital ; account of 40

Clement , St.Danes ; hospital estate in parish of,6, 7, 8

Cliderowe,"

sirRobert de, an antient parish ionerso named 343

Clif ton, sirGerv ase; a parishioner, temp. Car. 1 ;

ac count of 348

lady , a parishiouer, 1680 ; account of 379—80

Cockpit and l’hmnix theatre, situation ; conjeetures as to date of its first erec tion, 2 34 ;

mentioned as contributing towards rebuild ingchurch in 1 623. 2 35 ; entries of paymen tsfromit to parish , l bld . ; its h istory , 2 35—6 ;miscel laneous entries respec t ing, 2 36 ; pays

two -

pence perday to poorwh ile play ing, ibid .

Cock and Pye ; an antient public- house which gav ename to Cock and Pye- fields; account of 241

Ditch ; antiently called Marsh land ditch , 1 0 1 ;when first cal led Cock and I’ye d l t , 1 2 0 ;

entries as to, and indic tment against parishconcerning ; extrac t fromreport of a sessionof sewers, temp. Car. l l , &c. 1 2 1 (note) ;account of arching it ov er, with particularsof the expence, &c . 1 2 2—3 (note)

Colman’

s Hedge. (Colmanne’s hege ;) an estate of

hospital in St. Giles’

s parish ; its tranfer to

Henry VIII 3 1

Fleld :- ibid.

Cornnzunion ; complaint as to money col lec ted atCapper

'

smeeting at the, being detained fromt he poor, 2 9 1 receipt

'

formoney col lec tedat the

,at countess of South

’

ton'

s chapel forpoor

Cup ; account of a rich gold one, formerly belonging to parish ; see CHU RCH Goons.

Conduit C lose ; an estate of hospital in St. Giles’

s

parish its transfer to Henry VIII 31

Cap e, sirWal ter; mortgage of St.G iles'

s manorto - "

33 lsirJohn, a parishioner, 1 72 1 account of 39 1Isabella, (marries lord Rich ,) and conv ey smanorof St .G1les to, 331 347lady Catharine, 353 355

Cotton, Alan ; a parish ioner, temp. Car.count of, 346 ; sirJohn Cotton «

35 1

Coventry , lord keeper a parish ionerhere, temp.Car. L ; account of, 350 ; dit , of Thomas,lord, h is son ibid.

Covent Garden, antiently mentioned in hospitaldeeds, as land o f the abbo ts o fWestminsterits state in after times, and formation intoa parish , 1 70 ; lease fromearl of Bed ford ,

of,

(1631) - 1 7 1

Ac t 1 2 Car. l l , formaking the precinctparochial ibirl.

Courts; Dudley , 1 16 ; Lloy dh , ibid ;,

Neale’

s, 1 24;Greyhound, 1 2 7, 1 2 9 ; Bul l- head, 134; Cockpit, 138 ; Hol ford, (nowStewart

'

srents,) 138

Monmouth and Gregory , 150 ; Pargiter’

s,

ibid . ; Sugar- loaf 134

Cowp er, sirWil liam, uniteswi th other proprietorsto build and lay out L incoln

'

s- ia-fields, 142—3,

146

Crewe, sirJohn, a parishioner in 1 670 ; ac count

of 374Christmas“ ; account of the family of

, (antientparishioners) 343

Croche Hose ; one of the earl iest inns in parish ;account of 2 37

Cummins, El izabeth ; hergift to poor 30 8

Custodes, (guardians o f hospital account of, 41 ;names and particulars of the principal ones,v iz . Andrew le Uc lose, Andrew Bockerel,Thom. de Harvyle, and il liumHardel l, 43Nicholas Bat, Adamde Besings, 44; sirGregory de Rokesley , sirRalph Eswy , andWalterHerny v 45

Danners,Wriothesley , liis gift in 16 18 to poor,of an estate at Raynham 30 7

D'

Avenant , sirWil liam; rents a nd performs at

Cockpit play - house, 2 35 ; builds the Duke’

s

thentre,‘

Beat -

yard

De Foe ; h is interesting account of the plague of

1665, 2 59 2 64—5

Deering, sir Edward ; a parish ioner 1 680 ; ac

count o f 378

D erwentwat er (Earl of,) his temporary intermentin St. Giles

’

s churchyard 2 2 5

Digby (SirKenelm,) a parishioner, temp . Car. I.

353See BatsTOL .

Div isions (Parish) artificial div isions ; theirnumber, and what portions of parish theycomprehended at different periods, 1 0 9 ;

natural

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418 I'

N D - E X .

Fielding, Henry , his ac count of the state of v a

grant poor in St . Giles

’

s in 1 75 1 30 5

ElM S, offences,miscel laneous entries as to 2 70 ~

Fires,'fire orderin 1 639 , to prov ide

a parish engine y early al lowance for locking after. it

'and as. towatchmen assisting at

fires, 2 9 8 new,engine to be bough t, and fire

plugs, ,fire cocks, & c . to be prov ided ib.

Flilcrof tr Henry , arch itec t, contrac t with , and-_specification of particulars for b uilding present St . Giles

’

s church, 2 1 1 to 2 15

Framp ton, Dr. hissermonat St.Giles’

schurch, 2 73

G.

Galleries, b ishop'

of London’

s leav e to be ob tainedfor erec tion of in church , 2 0 3 ; Mr. Bainbridge

’

s gift of 30 0 l. for build ing of, 2 04;further part iculars as to gal leries, if). and 2 1 1

Gallows, account o f, set up anew forexecution ofSirJohn O ldcastle ; manner o f h is death on

,

& c . 2 30 ; Bebington’

s execution there, temp.

Elizabeth 2 31

Gamlin, madam, a parish ioner, reg. Geo . I. ac

count of 39 1

Gardens, Short’

s, 1 2 8 ; Brownlow, 1 2 9 Mul

berry , zb . ; Great Garden, 1 2 5, 1 26 ; Cotterel l ,1 8 1 ; the hospital , 58 and 59

GILES, St hospital of ; historical particulars as

to , Viz . when and by whomfounded, .

1 se

count of St . Giles, its patron saint , 1 and 2 ;nearly the earl iest of its kind in L ondon, 3 ;number on the establishment, and originalendowment, & c . for

, 5, 2 5, 26 ; increase ofits revenue, 6 ; Henry l ld

’

s charter to, 6, 7 ;hull of popeAlexanderto, g, 1 0 , 1 1 first and

second charters ofEdward 1 to, 1 2 , 13 ; Edward l l d's charter to

, 14; second charterto,1 6 its great acquisition of property in reign

ofEdward Iand II, 16 ; Edward l l l d

’

s charter of c onfirmation, &c . 1 6, 1 7 ; precept asto lepers, 1 8 ; Grant of hospital to BurtonSt. Lazar, ibid . ; writ ad

‘

inquirandumas to

v iolences committed at, 1 9 , 2 0 consequencesof its sale to Burton St. Lazar, 2 1 ; RichardIld

’

s confirmatory charter, zb. ; d itto of HenryIV, and plead ings before, as to hospital , 2 2reciting Richard Ild

'

s gift of custody of hos

p ital to d ifferent persons, and o therparticularsas to

, 2 2 to 2 6 l lenry Vth’

s and Vl th’

s con

firmatory charters, 2 6 Edward IV farmscertain of hismenial serv ants on h ospital , ib .

sal e'

of an estate of hospital in London, bymasterof Burton, _temp . l lenry Vl l , a proof

of its lost importance, 928 ; title of hospital- to ~sev en

~ houses at Holborn bars, 2 9 ; ex

change with Il enry Vl Il , by Thomas Ratc l ifl

'

e,masterof Burton, & c . 2 9 to 32 ; disso

lotion of, 32 ; grant of hospital and its estate

to lord L isle, 33 ; licence to lord L isle to

conv ey hospital , and descrip tion of, and its

precnic ts, 35, 36 ; reflec tions on fall of hospital , 36 and 37 ;

“ St Giles’

s Bowl ,” hospital seal , & c . 38 ; hospital estates in St .Giles

’

sparish , what exchangedandwhat omitted

, 32 ; hrs Possessions ; account of themin St. Giles

’

s, with a PL AN , and in other

parishes and places, 60 to 9 2 . As to its

government and officers ac count of, v iz .masters, orwardens, 39 ; c lerk

,receiv er,messen

ger, brotheis and sisters, & c . 40 ; custodes,

41 ; chronological l ist and pai ticulars of its

masters, wardens, custodes, & c . from1 1 0 1

to 1 538, 42 to 49 ; sec heads, MASTERS,WARDENS, Cus'

ronias,”& c . ; furtherobserva

tionson its gov ernment,'

50 . Hospital buildings, & c . account of ; v iz . site and quantity of

ground it originally occupied , 5 1 to 54; princ ipalmansion, afterwards Dudley - house, 5 2 ;

gate house,& c . lb Dr. Borde’

smessuage, 53 ;ac count of hospital church , (including that ofparish ,) howdiv ided, & c. wi th viewand plan

of, 53 and 54. Anniv ersary-Obits, 54 to 57

chaplains, chauntry priests, & c . 57 ; hospitalgardens, how enc losed , & c . and plan of

, 58

and 59 ; chrono logical tab le of ev ents at ,

93- 96

Giles, St Church , demol ition of it in 1 62 3, and

architec tural description, 1 9 1 to 1 9 2 ; secondparish church , preparations for build ing of,

b enefac tions to, and proceedings reSpec tmg,t il l its compl etion and consecration in 1 630 ,

1 93 to 2 0 0 ; transac tions relativ e to, after

its rebuilding, t il l 1642 , and description of its

interior, fitting up, ornaments, & c . with ac

count of its being despoiled of its ornamentsby the Puritans, and amount and appropriation of the money produced by sale of

,2 0 0

to 2 0 3 ; re- embel lished at Restoration, 2 0 3 ;

repairsand additions to, & c . till 1 7 16, 2 0 3- 5

v iewand description of second church , 2 0 6 ,

miscel laneous entries as to 2 85

(Present) or third d itto— decay of second

church,and Reasons

"for budding a new

one, 2 0 7

— 1 1 parl iament petitioned as to, itsproceedings thereon, and ac t granted to re.

b uild, 2 0 9— 1 1 ; further proceedings as to, onbuild ing Bloomsbury church , and contrac t

with the architec t, Mr. Fli tcroft, as also hisSpeCification how same should be buil t, &c .

2 1 1- 2 13 ;

I ' N D E X.

2 1 1—2 13 ; expence of rebuilding, 2 13 ; andarc hitec tural description, 2 14; cost of beautifying it in 1 82 0 , 2 86 ; ancientmonuments,&c . in second church , 2 18 to 2 2 2

Yard, h istorical particulars of, and of the ori

ginal , or hospital wal ls, surrounding it, 2 14 ;Mr. Speckart

’

s gift of ground to enlarge it ,and privilege gran ted h imin consequence,2 1 5 ; further en largement of by sirRichardStiddolpb

’

s ground, with a description of,2 15

- 1 6 ; additional particulars, 2 88—9 ; itsGATES, v iz . Resurrection Gate/f 2 1 7 ;West ’

Gate, ibid. ; Brown’s garden gate,

2 1 8“

and 2 88 ; Blue gate, 2 88 ; burials and

monuments in, 2 1 8 to 2 2 6 ; miscel laneousentries respecting churchyard, and otherbu

rial grounds, 2 88 to 290

Goods,rich gifts of plate, ornaments, &c . of

lady Dudley to church in 1630 , 2 0 1 ; goldcommunion cup added to the communionp late , but stolen, 2 0 5 ; purchase of neworgan,v estry tab le, &c . ibid. miscel laneous entriesas to

, 2 85 to 2 87 ; houriglass 2 0 3Wore/rip , v estry orders and regulations forbetter-conducting of

, 2 87

Giles’

s St . bowl , customof 38

(ligh t) in hospital church, gift towardsmaintaining of 54.

Gibson, Dr. preaches for the lec tureship of parish - 2 73

Goodf ellow, madam, a parishioner, reg. Geo . l ,account of 39 2

Goate on the Hope, an estateof hospital inCheapside 2 8

Grantham, colonel , a parishioner in 1646, ac

count of 355

Grego’

ry , Richard, the scite purchased of himforbuilding present workhouse 31 8

- 19

Grifiith Field , a part o f Oldwick C lose, so cal ledformerly , 2 76 and 2 9 2

Hale, Thomas de la, an antient landholder in parish - 343

Harris, Thomas, (high co‘

nstable,)his agreementwith v estry as to parish watch 2 96

Hanson, G iles, chosen assistant b eadle, to find

out new comers, inmates, & c . 30 2

H eadborouglzs and constab les ; number of con

stab les ln different years, 2 82 ; names o f

h igh constables ib.

Henry l l , king, his charter to hospital 6, 7

419

Henry IV,king, his confirmatory charter to hos

pital , 2 1 account of pleadings in his reign,as to custody of

, 2 2 to 2 6

V, and VI, theirconfirmatory charters to hos

_pital 7 26, 2 7VII, reduced state of hospital in his reign 2 8

Vl l l, proceedings as to hospital in his reign,

2 8 to 37, v iz . inquest as to estates of, at

Holborn bars, 2 9 exchange oft hospitalestates to, 31 , 32 ; his grant o f hospital, & c.

to lord Lisle,

‘

33, 34; licence to conv eysame, 35, 36 ; reflec tions on h is rapacity andinjustice 36, 37

Herbert , lord (of Chirbury), account of, and of hisfamily , parishioners here 349honourab l e Mr. 354

madamElizabeth (1 695) 39 1Heywood, Dr. (rec tor); charge against by pa

rishioners of St. Giles’

s 267Heston, hospital estate at, 10 ; its transfer to

Hen. V”I 31

H iglzwags, the ; particulars as to the pavmg,c leansing, watching, and ligh ting of, 2 2 to

2 9 8. See heads “PAVING , CLEANSING, &c .

Hogarth ; satirises St. Giles’s in sev eral of his

prints, 1 i7 303—30 5

Holborn, hospital estate at, 6, 7, 9 , 1 0 ; title ofhospital to sev en houses at, 2 9 ; its state as

to building, temp .El iz . 140 ; Holborn Cross,maner house of, 149 1 87

Bars,‘

and lands next to, 144 1 8 1

Holborne, lady Anne, daugh terof duchess Dudley ,and a parishioner,

'

account of 376—7

Holford , Henry , an eminent parishioner and be

nefac tor to St Grles’

s, extrac t fromhisWil las to th e Prince's- street estate, 135

-

346

Richard , his gift to poor, 1 36° further ac

count of the family of . 37se 6

Holland , Richard, lord, lord of St. Giles'

smanor,acc ount of 347

Hospitals, account of d iff erent ones for lepers,v iz . St. Giles, London ; St James, ditto ;Burton St . Lazar, Leicestershire ; St . Lazaros at Jerusalem; Garotou ; WyndhamChapel , Norfo lk

‘

Holy Innocents, nearL incoln, & c . 3

Houses, nature of the dwellings, & c . here in theearly times of the hospital,

'

with the namesand professions of some of theirinhabitants,1 0 3, 344. See also in account of hospitalpossession, 63 to 84. See also further, underhead 106 to 1 0 8 ; as

3 11 2 to

I'

N D

to their increase and numbers at differentperiods, remarks on, & c . 1 0 8

Hue/rs,Wil liam, a parishionerhere and of Bloomsbury parish , reg. Geo. I 39 2

- 3

Hulcup , Robert, his legacy to poor 2 30 9

I.

Inns and houses of entertainment ; account of themost c elebrated antient ones in parish , v iz .

Croche hose, and Swan on the h0p, 2 37 ;Wh ite hart , 2 37 ; Rose, Vine, and Tot

ten hal l, 2 39 Maidenhead, 240 ; Turnstiletav ern, 240

—1 ; Cock and pye, and Crown,241 ; the Bowl , and Black Jack, &c . 242

—3

Interments. See MONUMENTS.

”

Ingram, sir Arthur, a parish ioner in 1646 ; ac

count of 356

Irish, al iens, &c . See as to introduc tion of, in

this parish , and o ther particulars respec ting,underhead P0 0 11 .

”

hospital estate at , 6, 7,Irery (or Ov ery ,) Bartholomew, h is gift of an

estate inWestminster to poor 30 9

J .

Jacobs, lady , aresident in Drury - lane, temp . Jac . l ,drol l anecdote of herand Gondamor 1 73

Jones, sirThomas, a parishioner, 1 680, account

of 378

Inigo, employed to lay out L incoln'

s Inn - fields,141 , 147 to 148 ; builds Cov ent - garden and

its church, 170 2 50

K .

Kirkeby ,Wil liamde, (master of hospital) hisestate in St . Giles

’

s parish 32 9

Kneller, sir Godfrey , a parish ioner, 1 7 17 ; account of 389

L .

Lanes; account of the fol lowing, v iz . L ewknor’s,1 32 ; Lane (Le), 36, 58 ; Parker

’

s, 133'

St. Thomas’s, ibid Drury , see“ Drury ;

Hog- lane, (formerly Eldestrate,

”or Old

street,”1 1 1 1 1 8

Landholders, names, &c . of an tient landholders,and particulars of their estates in parish ,1 0 1— 2 ; and 63 to 84

Longhorn, sir Stephen, account of, and of sir

James Langham, & c . parishioners, reg.

Car. II379

E X;

L ambert , Dr. thanksvoted for his sermon‘

irn St .Giles

’

s church 2 73Later-(m, council of, theirdecree as to lepers, 3

'

L ecturers, curates, & c . account of, the fol lowing,v iz . ArthurMolyne, Mr. Goddard, ThomasCase, 40 7 ; Mr. Slaugh ter, Mr

'

. Hore, Robert

Osbal ileston, Messrs. Hughes, Iv ery ,or Kenel , Ric hard L each , Thomas Knaggs,40 9 ; Mr.Riddle, Mr. Smith , Mr. Sel lon,Mr.

ElishaFaulkner, Mr. John Shepherd, 41 0

L eech, rev . Richard ; his gift of estate in Plumtree- street to found charity schools, 310, 32 7

L eget , Roger, indic ted temp .Edw. III, for placmgcal trappes,

”a destructive engine, in L in

coln’

s- inn - fields 1 40

Leicester, the earl of, aparishioner 1680 ; account369

L ennox, duchess of, a parishioner and benefac

tress, temp. Car. I ; account o f 348

L emon and Pullaston, ladies, parishioners 1 71 7 ;accouut of 39 ,

Leland ; his account of foundation of hospital , 1 - 2

L eprosy ; its origin, and how described , ‘2 ; sup

posed introduc tion into England , ibid. ; foun

dations for its rel ief, 3 ; extinc t ion at present ,and why -

4

Lepers ; first nientio‘

n,& c . of

, and loathsomeappearance, 2 ; exc luded fromsociety ,legal disabil ities o f, 4; number, &c . of

,in

St . Giles’

s hospi tal , and how prov ided for, 5 ;c ommanded by proc lamation to quit London,1 8 ; Hugh Oriv alle, b ishop of London,

a confirmed one f;L eveson

, lady Catherine , daugh terof duchessDudley , a parishioncr(1674) account of 377

Lewknor, sirL ewis 353

L’Estrange, sir Roger, a benefactor, and buriedin church ; account of 39 2

L ighting ; antiquity o f,and regulations respec ting,

& c . 9 97 ; v estry minute as to, in thisparish - 2 9 8

L isle, Dudley , lord, (afterwardsduke of Northumberland ,) grant of hospi tal to, 33—4 ; sells itto “’

ymond Carewe, 35—6 ; 244; further

partic ulars of 344-

5

L itt leton,lady , a parish ioner, 1680 ; account

of 379

L incoln‘s- inn ; wh en first so cal led, and its state

and appearance, temp . El iz . 140 ; a pub lic

promenade in reg. Edw. Il l ; and account o f

one Roger Legett commit ting annoyances

theic ,

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42 2 I'

N D

Nichols,madam,aparishioner, reg.Geo.I; account

of 39 1

Northumberland, the earl of ; a parishioner, temp.

Car. I ; ac count of 348

Nottingham, the earl of ; ac count of, and of the

Finch and Henage families, parishionershere -

365—6

O.

Obits, anniv ersary ones, antiently held in St.

Giles'

shospital church , v iz . ofWillianiCristemasse 54; John de Garderoba

ibid ; Henry , son of Ailwin

55 ;Wil liamHostiarij ibid ; Robert,son of Alicia ibid . ; Richard de St .A lbans, ibid . ;Wm. de Blemonte, & c . (reg.

Henry ML)56 ; Robert de Portepole (i 2 59 ,)ibid. ;Wm. deWestmel l, (reg. Edw. l l ,) ibid .

Oldcastle, sir John (lord Cobham;) account of,and of the pretended conspiracy o f the Lollards in Picket ’s fields

, 2 52 to 2 54; account

of his execution, 2 30 and 2 53 ; passages

fromthe play of 2 54

Organ ; obnoxious to the Puritans, and so ld2 oo—3 ; 2 0 0 1. paid to Mr. Smith for a newone 2 0 5

Ori'valle, Hugh de, bishop of London ; sev ere ef

feets of the leprosy on him 3

Osborne, sirWil liam, a paiisbioner, 168 1 ac

count of 378

Overseers ; when first appointed, and so called,2 8 regulations as to, and amount of theirreceipts and expenditure in 1649 , ibzd ; number of, in d ifferent years, and at present, 2 82 ;

'

qualifications of those proper to serve the

office ibid.

Gif t/rd, countess of, a parishioner during Interregnuni 350

P.

Padbury , John, &c . his large estate in parish ,temp. Edw. l l l 329

Parish, (St. Giles’

s;)PL ATE, containing Plan of,in its antient state, 63 ; do . as in the reignof Elizabeth 1 0 5

estates; account of the, giv en forthe benefit ofpoor,with particulars as to the app licat ion oftheirproceeds, 30 7 to 3 1 1 , VIZ . Bel l , at Raynham; annuity fromTurnstile tav ern ; estate

nearWh it tington college, purchased fromgiftofduchessDudley , 30 7 ; Princes- street estate ;annuities fromHampshire Hog'

ale- house

legacies of Marg. Boswell, Eliz . Cummins,and Frances Batt, 30 8 ; Overy

’

s estate in

E X.

Great Almonry ,Westminster; annuities, &c.payab le from the g ifts o f Henry Carter,h on. Rob . Bertie, and Messrs. Scudamorfi.Butler, Hulcup and Sowerby , 30 9 ; Pargiter

’

s rents, rev . Rich . Leech’

s gift o f twohouses in Plumtree- street , to f ound charityschoo ls, 310 ; annuities of John Pearson, AnnWIlSODWt’YC - ibid.

Paris/i officers; names and accounts of the principal ones, v iz . churchwardens, sidesmen,

ov er

seers, headboroughs and constab les ; watchmen, bead les, sexton, parish c lerk, v estryd itto, surv eyors of highways, scav engers, & c .

2 80 to 2 85.— Seemore as to each, under its

pioper head .

c lerk ; order iii - 1 623, as to how he should“col lec t his wages,” 2 84 ; antiqui ty and

nature of his office, ibid. note ; paid for

writing parish business ibid.

Parishioners ; account of some of the v ery earlyones, 341 to 344 ; eminent ones, fromreignof Henry VI”, to end of reign of Charles I,344 to 360 ; do. fromCharles l l , to Revolat ion, 360 to 383

Parsonage house, (antiently cal led theWhiteHouse ;) extrac t fromduchess Dudley

'

s wil las to gift o f to rec tor, 2 26 ; Dudley - court

.

nowbuil t on its site 2 2 7

Partridge al ley distinguished residents in, temp .

Car. l . Viz . sirWin . Segas, sirThus. Elliot,lady Susan Lawley , sir Richard St . George,lady Margaret

'

l hu1 ling, sirThomas Darnell,and lady Ann Ingleby 352

Paston , sirWm. (and lady ,) parishioners during'

Interregnum; account of 356

Paulet house, & c . Great Q ueen- street, Q50 ;

Bristol house, its grand hangings o f the

kiogs, & c . ibirl . ; particulars as to otherhouseshere, ibid ; L0 iich house, Chesterfield house,& c .

- 2 5 1

Pav ing ; first paving of fol lowing p laces, v iz . St.

Giles'

s street and Drury- lane, 2 93 ; part

.

of

High- street next church zbzd. in

dic tment against pai'ish z for defec t iv e pave

ments, 2 9 3—4 ; Hog- lane, and of Denmarkstreet,

'and near Pound, 2 94 ; Tottenhamcourt road, ibid . ; pavmg of parish 2 95

Places ; names of early ones in parish , preserv ed

in entries o f difiereii t casual ties, &c . 2 69

P earson, John, h is gift to poor 31 0

Pendrell , Richard, his monument in St . G ilesf

s

c hoich —yard, 2 24 ;

-

account of,and of h is

PCwSO

I'

—N D EX.

Pews, orders of v estry concerning in .

673 and 1676, 2 86 ;fRRcrons ditto, v estry

orders and regulations as to, b efore; and on

building'

present church,

'

and as to rector’

s

vaults”

5 2 86

Openers, fouro'

rdered to bekept olit of profits'

of sexton’

s salary .

See SEXTON .

”

Perambulations, & c . expences of in 1642 and

1 650 , and orders and regulations as to in

future, 2 9 1 ; entries as to d ispute at diflerent

times about the parish boundaries, &c . 2 9 1

and 2 9 2 . See BOUNDARIES.

”

Pest—house, account of, 2 34. See '“ PL AGUE.

Penman-

Mr. his account of neglected state of

church -

yaid in 1790 2 2 6

Pitonnes croft , a. c lose of land of hospital oppositechurch ; account of, 1 5 1 .account of streets

,

& c . boilt on 1 52

Pincerna (Butler),Williamde Albini, account ofland sold by h imto hospital , 6, 7, 1 0 ; ac

count of the family of 342

Plumbtrce, Henry , builder of Plumbtree- street,

1 54

Poor ; supposed first in troduc tion of strange poor

into parish , 2 9 8 to 30 0 ; ,Irislz

,& c . when

first mentioned.

by name, ibid . ; entries andregulations

‘

as to,

‘

and other strange poor,

30 0 - 1 ; described as being cel lar-mates, or

mostly liv ing in cel lars, 30 1 entries of relief to Irish poor, between 1 640 and 1648 ;Frencli, & c . entries as to fromv estryminutes, 30 1 v agrants ; drol l names of

some of t he antient ones in parish , and en

tries of relief, ‘

& c . to, 303 box,first mention of, 304; general deprav ity of

vagrant poor ,h ere, described, 305. (See

also head D y er- STREET .

”

legitimate, What, 30 5 ; '

expence of maintaihing at different early periods, and enor

mous increase in the, at present day , 306; casual donationso fmoney to fromdiff erent eminent persons, before and during Interregnum,306

—7 ; account of estates, & c . giv en to,

30 7 to 31 1 ; see PA ltiSH ESTATES cu

rions entries of relief to, 31 1—i2 entries ofcasual relief to foreigners, & c . 31 2 ; orders

as to_penSioned poor, 31 3 ; ditto as to chil

dren, apprentices, & c . 313—14

estab lishments for, v iz . first and second work-

l

houses, 314 to 316 present d itto, 31 7 to 32 1

col lege for infants, 3 17 ; almshouses, 32 1 to”

324; charity schoo ls, 324 to 32 8. See for

a further account— separate headsof“WORK

HOUSE,”

ALmsHov sns,” &c .

Q .

Queen’sHy the, (Aldershethe), London, an estate

,of hospital 6

Pool Close, part of hospital precincts, 36 58

Pondsf nafnes, &c . of several antiently in parish ,Blose pon

'

d, 1 85; Capper’

sp ond,Maslyn’

s

pond, Smith'

s pond , Doulman’

s pond, 2 70

Pop ulation ; account of the p0pulation*

of parishat different periods, v iz . in the early times ofhospital , and till the reign ofEliz . 9 8

- 9 in

i 171 1'

, 1 80 1 , and 1 8 1 1 , note, 99 and 1 0 0

Political ev ents, miscel laneous entries“

as to such

as were connected with parish , from1 642

to l 65g 7 2 72—3

Pound and Cage ; original situation of,the first

pound and cage ; entries as to the antient use

of the cage as a prison situation of the se

cond pound, 2 2 8 ; final remov al , & c . ibid.

Powis, themarquis of, a parishioner, reg. Jac . Il ,

'

account of 374

Plague ; destruc tiv e one in reignEdward Il l , 1 8 ;

account of the effec ts, & c . of different plaguesin this parish , v iz . in 1 59 2 , 1 62 3, and

1 62 7, 2 59 and 2 60 ; in 1 640 , 2 6 1— 2 ; in

1 646, 2 63 ; great plague of 1 665, general

ac count of. parish entries as to, and other

particulars concerning, 2 63 2 66

Preacliers, eminent oneswho casual ly preached inSt. Giles

’

s ch urch 2 73

Proctor, or Procurator, an of’ficer cn hospitalestab lishment ; his nature and duties ; collector of alms forhospital , 5 names of somesupposed to hav e beenmasters 46

Puritans theirascendancy‘in parish nearbegining of civ il war, 2 0 0 ; petition Parl iamentfordismissal of Dr. Heywood, ibid. ; describe

the church as superstitiously ornamented,2 0 1 ; sel l the rich church goods giv en b

ylady Dudley , 2 0 1— 2 ; take down and se

the carv ed scree'

n ; remove the stained glasswindows, and otherwise deface church, 2 0 2 -

3

ll .

Radclg'

fl'

e,Dr. 3. parishioner, 1 70 0 account of, 390

Ratclifi'

e; Thomas, master of hospital ; his ex

change of hosp ital estatesWith Henry VIII,4

2 94

33

Rathbone Mr. builder; payment to, for buildingwatch - house, 2 29 , 2 97 ; ordered to makea plan of ground,& c. in Portugal - street,

”2 9 2

Read,

L N D EX.

Read, Joseph , parish c lerk, ordered to be paid h isexpences for ac tions brought on parish se

count against conv entic les 2 9 1

Rectors, l ist , with biograph ical notices of, fromreign Henry VIII to present time, v iz .ThomasMagnus, c lerk

, (supposed first rec tor after

dissolution o f hospital) ; sirWilhamRow

landson Geofiery EvansWil l iam Steward 394; Nathaniel

Baxter, S.

'

l‘

. P. Thomas Salisbury ,c lerk Joseph C lerke, A. M.

Roger Manwaring, D . D . 395— 6 ; Gilbert

D illingham; BrianWal ton , A.M.

396 ;Wil liamHeywood, S. T. P.

Henry Cornish (incumbent from 1641 to

ArthurMo lyne (ditto, from1648 to

397 to 399 ; Thomas Case, A . M.

(ditto, from1 65 1 to 399 to 40 1 Ro

bert Boreman, c lerk 40 1 ; JohnSharpe, A. M. 40 2 to 404 ; JohnScott, S.T. P. 404;Wil liamHaley ,c lerk(1695);WilliamHenry Gal ley , D . D . John Smith ,D . D. righ t rev erend John Buckner,lord bishop of Ch ichester(i797) 40 6

Receiver, an officer of hospital , account of 40

{edmero, late Baldwin de, hisgift of land at Hes

ton to hospital 1 0

Rhodes,master of the ac tors Kynaston and Bet

terton, rents the Cockpit play house , 2 35 his

daily payment to parish f orpeiforming at, 2 36Richard l l , his confirmatory charter to hospital,

2 1 ; particulars o f his grant of hospital todifferent persons 2 2 to 2 6

Roads and ditches; names and descrip tion of the

antient roads and d itches in parish , v iz .

ROADS— Giles’

s, or High- street, 99 ; Hol

b orn, Elv eshate, or Old - street ; Le Lane ;Via de A ldewy ch (the present Drury

- lane),&c. 10 0 ; D ira s— Blemund's dyche, ibid . ;

Pitaunce Croft d itch ; Marshland , or Cockand Py e d itch, Spencer

'

s d ig, ord l tCl’

l‘ Old

wick c lose ditch , &c . 10 0 1 0 1

317

Rose (tav ern) and land, an estate of hospital inSt.Giles

’

s; its transfer to Henry VIII, 31 ;account of 2 39

Round house ; its original situation, and conjectures as to its use ; when demolished, & c . 2 2 9

Rows, Holborn, 145 Middle 1 15

Ilamare, Hawise countess do, her gift of churchOf

JFelthamto hospital 6, 7, 1 0 , 32

Roe, sirThomas, his college for infants

Russell, lord and lady , account of, 369 to 371 ;extrac t fromlady Russel l ’s letters, as to

burn ing o f Montagu- house, 2 57- 8 ; sale of

ground to found Bloomsbury church, 335 ;

account of lord Russel l’s execution 2 58

_(family o f,) account of antient parish ionersand landholders of this name 343hon. Mr. 8. parishioner, 1680 ; account of,

379

S.

SACRILEGE, ROB BERY, entries as to v arious ac tsof, formerly commit ted in parish , part icularly of i church plate in 1 677, 2 7 2 ; and

afterwards go ld communion cup, and other

church p late 2 0 5

Sackv ille, family of, antient parish ioners of St.

Giles’

s 343

Scarengers, ordered to at tend commissioners in1 67 1 , 2 84 ; agreements for the scav enger

sh ip of parish in different years 2 85See b ead CLEANSING.

Scudamnre, Mr. h is gift to poor 309

Sexton, antiquity of; curious agreement of v estrywith in 1 670 , 2 83 ; four additional pewopeners ordered to be paid yearly fromthe

profits of his place, in 1 683, ibitl ; the

off ice fil led by John Arden, v estry c lerk(mo 413

Seven Dials, anciently cal led Marsh land. 1 1 2 ;

when cal led Co ck and Pye fie lds, and why ,1 2 0 ; buil t on, and named the SevenStreets,

”or Sev en D ials, 1 2 2 -

3 ; particularsas to the build ing of, & c . 7 1 24

Sewers ; B loomsbury , or Southampton, sewer;sewer, Lukenor

’

s lane (Spencer’

s - dig), 1 0 1 ;

extrac t fromreport of a session of sewers,temp . Car. II, describing v arious connec ted

with parish 1 2 1

Shelton,Wil liam, founder of Shel ton’

s schools,394 to 387

See CH Ait i'rY SCHOOL S.

Short , Dud ley , his residence in what is nowcal ledShort

'

s gardens 1 2 8

Shorl’

s gardens. See GARDENS.

Shrewsbury , countess of, a parishioner temp .

Car. I ; ac coun t of, and of her family 350

Sidcsrhen (otherwise Swornemen), their duties, & c .

as spec ified by order(1638); and howand bywhomchosen 2 8 1

Simp le, Rob ert, condition'

of his tenure of part of

hospital estate at Fel tham (note) 1 3Skipwith, lady , a parishioner, in 1 690 ; account

s

of

3 o

Sloane,

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I N D E X .

sequence, 2 79 ; v estry dinners, & c . ibirl.

(note).

Vestry men ; names and notices of some of the

most distinguished ones, at different periods ;v iz . sir L ewis L ewknor 353 ; HomoClaxton, 357 ; sirWil liamSegar, 2 75, 1 99 ;

L aurence Wh itaker, 2 75, 1 97

AbrahamSpeckart,- see SPECKHART ;

John Fotherley , Henry Holford,

see“HOL FORD ;

”

gHumphreyWeld ;WilliamShel ton ; the earl of Thanet ; Richard Dyot ;Messrs. Benbridge and Buckridge; JohnLarchcn ; sir C lement Armiger, 2 75 ; and

see further as to each under theirrespec tivenames. Thomas Owen 2 76 ; sir

ThomasGeery (i 38 1 Z achary Bethel l357 ; Jeremy Cocke, 1 97, 357 ;

Patrick Dromgold, and Robert Johnson357 ; Robert Hope lb. ;Wil l iamBarber 358 ; Thomas Shep

h erd lo. ; John Hyde , 359 ; JohnSeagood ib. ;WilliamHooperib. Francis Baker lb Isaac Bringh urst 360 ; James Hearndenib . ; Thomas Bly the ib. ; sir Henage

Fetherstone, and sirHenry , 380 ; sirThomasByde 38 1 ; sir Cane Jamesib. ; sir Thomas Kinsey flu ; sir

ThomasRob inson 382 ; sirGerv ase

Elwys, ib. ; sir John Brownlow, it). see

B it OWNLow;” John Cannon 383 ;James Parthericke 384;Wil liamWoden ib. ; Ralph Bucknal ll b John and Timothy Merydale, 2b . ;

Nathaniel Strat ton lo. ; Giles Rid

d le John Bay ley RobertHnl

cup 385 ; Thomas Done lo. ;

Edward Guise,& c . ib. ; Robert

"

BeSSie- 386

See Lisr of CH URCIIWAR DENS.

- Clerk ; occasional payments made for parishbusiness, before regularc lerk, 2 84; StanislausBowes first appointed after, 1 666 l ist, & c.

of v estry c lerks, 41 2 413

Vyne Tav ern, an estate of hospital in St . Giles’s'

its transfer to Henry VII] , 31 ; accoun t of

2 39

WarwickHouse, account of 245

ll’alert'

co, Bernardo de, his gift of land to hospital - 6

lVatclzing ; orders for watching the hundred ofOssulton, & c. temp. Eliz . ; antient costume

and arming Of watchmen, & c . 2 96 ; v estryorders as to th e number and regulation of

the watch , temp . Car. l l 2 96

lVatcliliouse ; first watchhouse, when, and bywhomb nl t , 2 2 9 its original and present Situation,& c . ibid. additional particulars respec ting,

‘2 97 (note)men ; mode of arming be fore the use of stav es,& c . and entry respec ting, 2 82 ; regulationsas to theirnumberand pay , in 1673,

.

2 8 2 and

2 96 ; order to attendWl t l] fire engine, 2 9 8.Wardens of hospital brotherRichard Leigh ton,1 354, 47 ; John Crysipn Will iamde Tytnt, (before ib . ; Frere

Hugh Michel ib. ;Wil liamThomas(1 375 and i6. ; Robert Hal

l iday , ib. ; Frat’Willm‘ de Croxton

ih. ; Frat’Walterus de Lynton 48

Frat’

Nich ’ de Dov er; John Macc lesfiel d,c lerk ; Richard Clifi

'

ord, c lerk ; Abbot ~

of

Tower- h ill , ib . ; sirGeoffry Shrigley(1431) Frat .Wil l iamSut ton 49George Sutton 17) Thomas Har

ringwold (i493), ib. ; sir Thomas Norton,

knight ib. ; brotherThomas Ratclifie(1537) .i.

See MASTERS OF ST . GILES .Weedon,Cav endish , a fellowOf Lincoln’

s- inn ; his

proposal“

for lay ing out in a grand sty le Lincoln’

s- inn- fields 143Weld , Huniphry , esq . ownerofWeld house, on

the site ofWild - street , 1 38 2 82

— house ; particulars of its erec tion, site, & c.

247—8 itswings inhabited by the Portuguese

and Spanish ambassadors, & c . 248 ; its history afterwards, to its demol ition ; dimensions Of, & c . 9 149Weild, ~

and ladies, parish ioners, temp.

Car. I; account of 355

lVenm'

ngton,

‘

(Ralph'

and Serlo), an tient landholders in parish , account of 343Wharton, the lords, parishioners, reg. Car. II;account of 372

lV/zetrtone Park, buil t by , and named fromMr.Whetstone,a parishioner, 145 ; account of

,

and of its formerprofligate charac ter,lVliiclicot, sirPaul , a parishioner, 169 2 ; account

o f -

379

lVliy te hart inn (and land,) an estate of hospitalin St. Giles

’

s ; its transfer to Henry VIII, 3 1 ;account of, and of the late building improv ements on its seite 2 38 (note)

l /son,

I N D E X .

Wilson, Ann, herlegacy to poorrejected 31 0Winc/zester, the marquis of, a parishioner, reg.

Car. II ; account of 366—7Worcester, the marquis of, a parishioner, reg.

Car. II,account of, 367 to 369

Windows ; stained glass ones in church removedby the Puritans, 2 0 2 ; king

’

s arms windowtaken down, 2 0 3 ; a description of

, and bywhomgiv en, 2 0 6—7 ; disposal of in buddinga newchurch 2 1 3Work/muse ; description of the present building,2 33

—4; historical particulars as to the

‘

general

workhouse used for this and otherparishes,prev iously to erecting separate workhouses,3 14 to 16 ; sccondworkkouse ; fitting up of a

F I N I S.

Printed by Luke Hansard Sons,

near Lincoln’

s-Inn Fields, London.

regular parochial workhouse in Browne's

gardens, removal of, and proceedings in con

sequence, 3 16 present work/rouse 317Wooden ,Wil l iam, his gift to poorof rent chargefromHampshire hog 30 8Wright , sirNathan, a parish ioner, and resident

in Newcastle house 39 2

Y.

Yards ; Rose and Crown, 1 16 ; Bowl , 1 2 5 ; Coalyard, 1 32 ; Phillips

’

s,Vine, Red L ion, 1 50 ;Black Bear, 1 15 1 2 7

Young (junior),Richard, hisgift to hospital of landat Holborn bars, held by Matilda de ,Stokes,1 0 , 2 9 1 83

—4.

ERRATA.

The Readeris requested to correc t the fol lowing errors (or any others hemaymeetwith,)and wh ich (principally owing to the reasons stated in the Advertisement) hav e unavbidahlycrept into the work

p. 1 6 and 1 7, lines 6 and 1 7 (in the notes)f or snstentantis,"

read sustentandis.

p .

p .

"0

1 9 , l ine 6 (note)f or annuarum,

"

read annuatim.

57, lines 15 and 1 7, and in lines 2 8 and 30 (note) f or rectore,”read rec tor,

and f or sacerdote,”

read sacerdos ; also in l ines 2 3 and 24, instead ofRoberto,

”Gerrardo,

”and Ricardo

,

”read Robertas, Gerrardus, and

Ricardas.

63. PL AN or THEPAR ISH in ms ANTIENT STATE.

”This Plate is referred

to in the note, at this page, as being placed in the account of the parish, buthas been transferred to this part of the work, as more appropriate. At

p. 1 04 (lines 1 0 and 1 1) therefore, instead cy’

the followmg Plan,"&c .

read the preceding Plan .

1 0 1 and 1 0 2 . In these pages, as also in pages 139 and 1 76, instead of “ Campode Aldewych, reaa

’

Campumde Aldewych .

1 89 , line 2 1 , f or Water," readWal ter.19 0 , (head line) f or Chap . IV. read Chap . Il l . For the reason of which ,

see note, in the TAB LEor CONTENTS,”

p .,ix .

2 2 1 , l ine 1 1 , f or sat cam,” read sursum.

32 1 , l ines 7 and 8, omit the words, and estimates,” as also, and the succes

sive increase of expense in itsmaintenance to the present time.

”

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