Solar Hybrid Chimney Final Report - baixardoc

Solar Hybrid Chimney

SOLAR HYBRID CHIMNEY

A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted By

Hitender Singh

Pawan Kumar

Ashutosh Sharna

Inderjeet Singh

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

Bachelors In Mechanical Engg.

M. I. E. T. Kurukshetra

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY: KURUKSHETRA

Session: May/ June- 2012


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great pleasure to express our deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to our guide

Mr. Jashandeep Singh (Lect M.E. Deptt.) for his valuable support and encouraging mentality

throughout the project. We are highly obliged to him for providing us this opportunity to carry

out his ideas and work during our project period and helping us to gain the successful completion

of our Project.

Our special thanks is going to our Parents; to Head of the Department of Mechanical

Engineering of our college, Prof. Manoj Tiwari and to all of the faculties for allowing us to

come here and encouraging us constantly to work hard in this project.

We are immeasurably thankful to our friends which are student of M.E. For their kind, friendly

behavior and support throughout our project.

We express our deep gratitude to all..........

Hitender Singh

Pawan Kumar

Ashutosh Sharma

Inderjeet Singh


MODERN INSTITUTE OF ENGG. AND TECHNOLOGY

KURUKSHETRA

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report “Solar Hybrid Chimney” is bonafide work of “Hitender Singh (3908607), Pawan Kumar (3908628), Ashutosh Sharma (3908630) & Inderjeet Singh

(3908632)”, who carried out project work under my supervision. During this project they had

undergone the requisite work as prescribed by KUK University, Kurukshetra.

Signature: Signature:

Prof. Manoj Tiwari, Er. Jashandeep Singh,

Head Of Deptt. Project Guide,

Mechanical Engg. Lect. Mech. Engg.

M. I. E. T. M. I. E. T.

Kurukshetra. Kurukshetra.

Signature:

External Examiner.


ABSTRACT

Solar thermal hybrid chimney is a new method for producing electric power from a solar-wind

hybrid system. It combines three old and proven technologies: the chimney effect, the

greenhouse effect, and the wind turbine. Energy from sunlight is converted to heat by a large

solar collector. The collector is a transparent membrane suspended several meters off the ground,

which can be made of glass or a strong transparent polymer. Sunlight penetrates this membrane,

and the solar radiation is converted to heat upon hitting the ground. The air underneath the

membrane quickly increases in temperature due to the greenhouse effect and flows towards the

chimney, which, through the stack effect, becomes the lowest point of pressure in the system.

This continuous airflow spins a turbine located at the base of the chimney. Inside the chimney

wind turbines convert the wind’s energy into electricity. This method can also be useful during

night time. The project work requires a significant area of land. A small-scale solar updraft tower

may be an attractive option for remote regions in developing countries.


CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1……………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.Need Of Solar Thermal Power……………………………………………………...2

1.2. India’s Power Scenario……………………………………………………………..3

1.3. Solar Energy Potential……………………………………………………………...4

1.4. Solar thermal power generation technologies……………………………………...5

1.5.Solar thermal power generation program of India………………………………….6

1.6.Opportunities For Solar Thermal Power Generation In India……………………...7

Chapter 2……………………………………………………………………………… 8

2.1. Introduction To Solar Hybrid Chimney………………………………………...9

2.2. History Of Solar Hybrid Chimney…………………………………………….11

2.3. Modern Development In Solar Hybrid Chimney……………………………..14

Chapter 3……………………………………………………………………………...16

3.1. Working Principle Of Solar Hybrid Chimney……………………………………17

3.2. Main Parts Of solar Hybrid Chimney…………………………………………….19

3.2.1 The collector…………………………………………………………………..19

3.2.2. Turbines……………………………………………………………………….20

3.2.3 Chimney………………………………………………………………………21

Chapter 4. …………………………………………………………………………...22

4.1. Design Of Solar Hybrid Chimney……………………………………………23

4.2. Material Used For Making Solar Hybrid Chimney………………………….26

4.2.1. Concrete……………………………………………………………………...26

4.2.2. Glass………………………………………………………………………….26

4.2.3. Stainless Steel………………………………………………………………..27

4.2.4. Black Ceramic Gravel……………………………………………………….27

Chapter 5……………………………………………………………………………28

5.1. The Energy Storage Inside A Solar Hybrid Chimney……………………….29

5.2. Efficiency Of Solar Hybrid Chimney……………………………………….30


5.3. Energy Production Costs Of A Solar Hybrid Power Plant…………………..31

Chapter 6…………………………………………………………………………....34

6.1. Advantages Of Solar Hybrid Chimney Power Plant………………………...35

6.2. Disadvantages Of Solar Hybrid Chimney Power Plant……………………..37

Chapter 7…………………………………………………………………………...38

7.1. Alternative Concepts and Applications……………………………………..39

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….40

References…………………………………………………………………………..41

Appendix……………………………………………………………………………42


List Of Figures

Fig. No.

Name Of Figure

Page No.

1.1

Solar Radiation On India.

4

2.1

A Solar Hybrid Chimney.

10

2.2

Solar Hybrid Chimney Proposed By Cabanyes.

11

2.3

Solar Chimney Proposal Presented By Gunther.

12

2.4

Solar Chimney Futurist Representation presented By Gunther.

13

2.5

Solar Hybrid Chimney Power Plant At Manzanares.

14

3.1

Working Principle Of Solar Hybrid Chimney.

17

3.2

The Glazed Solar Collector Of Solar Hybrid Chimney.

19

3.3

Turbines For Solar Hybrid Chimney.

20

3.4

Mildura Solar Chimney.

21

4.1

Wall Thickness Of A Chimney Tube.

24

5.1

Principle Of Heat Storage.

29

5.2

Comparison Between Energy Production Costs.

31

5.3

Energy Production on Solar Chimney.

33


LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations:

a) STE………………………… Solar Thermal Electricity. b) MNRE……………………… Ministry Of New And Renewable Energy. c) GEF………………………… Global Environment Facility.

d) BHEL………………………. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited. e) US…………………………... United States. f) SCPP……………………….. Solar Chimney Power Plant.

Symbols:

a) ηt……………………….. … Thermal Efficiency.

b) ηtur……………………………. Turbine Efficiency.

c) ηc ……………………………... Collector Efficiency.

d) ηtot……………………………. Total Efficiency.

e) cp……………………… Air Heat Capacity.

f) Hc………………………Chimney Height.

g) g……………………….. Acceleration Due To Gravity.

h) K……………………….. Kelvin.

i) %............................... Percent.

j) Dc…………………. Chimney Diameter


CHAPTER-1


1.1. Need Of Solar Thermal Power:

The future of this earth and mankind substantially depends on our ability to slow down the

population increase in the “Third World” by civilized means. The key is to increase the standard

of living, to overcome the inhumane poverty and deprivation.

To achieve this traditional means will not suffice any longer as exemplified by a "paradox on”.

Those countries where agriculture provides more than 20 % of the gross national product are

those also stricken by starvation!

Development requires mechanization and energy. Energy consumption increases proportionally

to the gross national product or prosperity while simultaneously the population growth will

decrease exponentially.

Many developing countries possess hardly any energy sources and their population doubles

every 15 to 30 years! The results are commonly known: Civil wars and fundamentalism. If these

developing countries are provided with only a humane and viable minimum of energy the global

energy consumption will drastically increase!

Who could supply such an enormous amount of energy without an ecological breakdown

(because poor countries cannot afford environmental protection) and without

Safety hazards (because they are not acquainted with the safety requirements for nuclear power

plants and without a rapid depletion of natural resources at the expense of future generations?

The sun! Many of these countries are lavishly provided with solar radiation in their desert areas.

Energy is considered a prime agent in the generation of wealth and a significant factor in

economic development. Limited fossil resources and environmental problems associated with

them have emphasized the need for new sustainable energy supply options that use renewable

energies. Solar thermal power generation systems also known as Solar Thermal Electricity (STE)

generating systems are emerging renewable energy technologies and can be developed as viable

option for electricity generation in future. This paper discusses the technology options, their

current status and opportunities and challenges in developing solar thermal power plants in the

context of India.

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