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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

Zest for Progress

Zeal of Partnership

SCIENCE Grade 7 Quarter 4 - Module 2

How Rich Is

The Earth?

Name of Learner: ______________________________

Grade & Section: ______________________________

Name of School: __________________________

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What I Need to Know

Welcome to the new phase of learning! This module will help you to cite

and explain ways of using Earth’s resources sustainably. This module focused on

the various natural resources found in the Philippines and how people utilized those

resources. The lessons are quite comprehensive that you learners could somehow

highlight the significance of our country's geographic and geologic locations. After

going through the module, you will learn to:

1. Identify the Earths’ resources;

2. Illustrate ways how can natural resources be used sustainably

3. Determine the factors that may cause changes in the resources

With this module's help, you will acquire knowledge and skills to value your

responsibility as a productive individual. This module can help you learn of steps to

prevent protected and vulnerable places from being disturbed, forests from being

denuded, and natural resources like metals ending up in a dumpsite. Everything that

we see in our environment is a nature's gift to us, and that we should make lots of

things to preserve by making a difference in our society for future generations.

What’s In

Activity 1: Am I Matching It RIGHT?

Directions: Choose the letter from the box that matches with their correct definition below them. Write the letter of your answers to space before each number.

a. Zero degrees (0º) d. Philippine Sea and Pacific Ocean

b. Longitude e. Ocean

c. Equator

__________ 1. Are not parallel to each other and meet at the poles.

__________ 2. A body of water in India located at 15º S, 75º E.

__________ 3. Body of water located to the east of the Philippines.

__________ 4. The starting point for latitude.

__________ 5. The degree of the equator at its latitude.

Jot down the first letter of your answers in the box below to get the last name of the late environmentalist, philanthropist, and former DENR Secretary

How Rich is the Earth? Module

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What’s New

Activity 2: What are the Effects of Vegetation Cover to the Amount of

Water in Watersheds?

Materials needed:

Two 1.5 Liter plastic bottle

Grasses, e.g., Bermuda grass or carabao grass

Soil

Water

2 Plates for runoff water

Procedure:

1. Prepare two setups

a. Plastic bottle with the same amount of soil and grasses at the top

b. Plastic bottle with the same amount of soil without grasses

2. The following variables (control variables) should remain the same in both setups:

a. type and amount of soil

b. Size of plastic bottle or plot; the amount of rainfall

c. Height of water to pour

d. Steepness of slope

3. Start pouring off the water as rainfall and observe the amount of runoff water in the plates to both setups

4. Write your observations in the table below

Setup A Setup B

Guide questions:

1. What is the effect of vegetation cover on the amount of watershed? (5points)

2. Without vegetation cover, what happens to the rainwater? (5 points)

3. How can lack of water supply affect the people, plants, animals, and physical environment in the communities? (5points)

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What Is It

Earth’s Natural Resources

Earth comprises different things, both living and non-living. These are the water, air, plants, animals, soil, rocks, minerals, crude oil, and fossil fuels. Hence, people did not create them and are in nature; they are called natural resources. Humans used these for survival and consumed them as needs for living.

People of the community need water to sustain life. They use it for many purposes, such as irrigation for agricultural supply and industries. Water is also a source of electricity, like Maria Christina Falls in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte. But where does the water came from? They come from a watershed that includes the land's surface and the underground rock formation drained by the stream. A single

watershed consists of a combination of forest, grassland, marshes, and other habitats.

Figure 1.0 Figure 1.1

The network of streams in Angat Dam, in Norzagaray, Bulacan,

watershed area. Philippines

People should remember that the primary function of a watershed is the

production of a continuous water supply that will maintain the life forms in it and

the area fed by its stream. That is why diverse organisms in the Philippines are in

these areas.

Have you ever wondered how soil forms from rocks and other materials from

the Earth's surface? They are broken down by a process known as weathering. This

process can happen through chemical weathering, which resulted from the

decaying of rocks or mechanical weathering out from the breaking of stones. So,

soils were once rocks. But how does it happen? To continuously form soil, some

factors act together, i.e., temperature, rainfall, chemical changes, and biological

action. Temperature and rainfall are significant factors in soil formation and

sustaining biodiversity as well. Below is the process of soil formation out from rocks.

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A piece of rock is exposed to the sun, and the outer part begins to expand.

At night, the outer part contracts or shrink. The expansion and contraction process repeatedly occurs over the years, and cracks are produced.

The water enters into cracks causing minerals to dissolve. The rock breaks apart further.

Air enters the cracks where oxygen combines with other elements such as iron producing iron oxide, which makes it brittle. CO2 will also react with water forming acid that will soften it further. Plants bacteria start to grow in these cracks. As plants and animals die, acidic substances form. Eventually, the dead materials are acted upon by

microorganisms and broken down into smaller compounds while the minerals from the rock return to the soil.

Figure 2. Soil formation out from rocks.

Don't you know that aside from soil, Philippines is also abundant in mineral

deposits? These are classified as either metallic or nonmetallic. Some of the essential

minerals found in various places are gold, copper, iron, nickel, and cobalt. Metals

are necessary since they contain properties that are useful for a particular purpose.

What other metals are familiar to you? Have you heard the uses of aluminum? What

do you think is the metal used for roofing? How about making artificial arms and

legs? Look around and see how vital these metals are. Our country also has

nonmetallic resources such as sand, gravel, limestone, marble, clay, and other

quarry materials. But how are these deposits recovered? How do people use them in

your community?

Figure 3. Pictures of metallic and nonmetallic minerals found in the Philippines.

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The Philippines is abundant with mineral resources because it is located along

the Pacific Ring of Fire. Over 450 volcanoes with approximately 75% active ones are

in this area. The heat deep under the Earth will eventually melt rocks and other

materials. Hence, magma (a mixture of molten and semi-molten materials) is hotter

and lighter than the surrounding rocks; it rises and melts some of the rocks on its

way. Once it finds its way out, it will erupt as lava, and that rising magma does not

always reach the surface to erupt. Sometimes it will slowly cool and harden beneath

the volcano forming rich minerals. Therefore, mineral deposits in the country are not

by accident but nature's gift to us. The existence of volcanoes explains why the

Philippines is rich in minerals and geothermal energy as well.

Do you also know that in the Philippines, various resources are found? Some

of these lists are solar energy, geothermal energy, hydropower /hydroelectric energy,

wind energy, and natural gas. The tropical climate that we have and the geological

conditions contributed to the possibilities of having clean and cheap energy in our

environment.

Geothermal energy is produced from the heat under the ground. This energy

is the primary source of geothermal power plants located in Laguna, Tiwi in Albay,

Mt. Apo side of Cotabato, and others. The production of electricity, which accounts

for about 27% of the total, uses hydropower or hydroelectric power plants using water

to generate. Some of these are Agus in Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte, Magat in

Isabela, Loboc in Bohol, and other places.

Natural gas, a form of fossil fuel. These are formed from plants and animals

million years ago. They are buried deep in the Earth and are used to also produce

electricity, run vehicles, and other factory machines. Our natural gas is deposited

offshore of Palawan. Do you know where that place is? Natural gas, when burned,

produces the least carbon dioxide, and so it is considered a clean fuel. Although CO2

is naturally present in the air in small amounts, studies show that an increasing

percentage of this in the atmosphere probably increases atmospheric temperature

globally.

Wind energy is also used to generate electricity. Ilocos Province is known for

its giant windmills, specifically in Ilocos Norte, which helps improve their tourism

and supports 40% of the energy requirements for electricity in the entire province.

This only means that we do not need to depend on fossil fuel in our country.

Indeed, the richness of natural resources in our country helps us to sustain

life. But how can we preserve and protect them? What have we done to help preserve

the nature’s beauty that was entrusted to us?

There are two types of Earth's natural resources. It can either be renewable

or nonrenewable. How do these two resources differ from each other? Foods from

plants and animals that we eat every day can be replaced after reaping, wherein

animals can reproduce young ones. Water in wells or rivers may dry up but can also

be replaced by rainwater. Therefore, they are called renewable resources because

they can be replaced.

Most plants grow in topsoil. This soil can be washed away by rain and floods.

Will topsoil be replaced easily? Soil formed out of rocks and other materials from dead

plants and animals. Thousands of years are needed for the soil to form. Since it can't

be replaced easily and takes a long time to replace, it is called nonrenewable

resources.

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Metals like copper, iron, and aluminum are also abundant on our planet.

Thus, people are using them up so fast. Coal, oil, and natural gas need millions of

years to be formed out from dead plants and animals, so they belong to nonrenewable

resources.

What’s More

Activity 3: Arrange Me Correctly!

Directions: Arrange the following words or group of words into a Venn diagram. Write

your answers in the diagram below.

Copper animals

Iron oil

Aluminum natural gas

cannot be replaced easily natural resources can be replaced coal Soil plants Water

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Renewable Resources

Nonrenewable Resources

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What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Fill Me Up!

Directions: Fill in the missing boxes in the concept map below. Choose an answer

from the word bank. 1 Point each

Word Bank

Natural Resources minerals

Water soils

people rocks

Plants energy

Animals geothermal

hydro power wind

energy Conservation

Concept Map

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are necessary for the

Should practice measures toward

include

that produces electricity such as

of

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What I Can Do Activity 5: How do Human Activities Destroy Natural Earth’s Resources?

A. Direction: Provide the damages to the environment and natural resources made by humans to the following activities.

Example: Building of new roads

Effect: Damage to natural habitats/kill plants and animals

1. Turning rice fields into residential and commercial centers

Effect:

2. Illegal logging for building houses and other establishments

Effect:

3. The building of many factories to sustain the growing population

Effect:

4. Too much mining of precious metals for personal gain

Effect:

5. Farming using too many artificial fertilizers

Effect:

6. Burning and throwing of plastics and other garbage

Effect:

7. Using vehicles that exhaust dark smoke

Effect:

B. Direction: Read the question, then put a checkmark ( / ) in the box you choose.

1. Some human activities destroy our natural resources. Which is an intervention to the problem? Reforestation and environmental campaigns to practice sustainability Use too many natural resources to supply the growing population.

2. Why do we need to conserve natural resources?

Because the life of future generations depends on how we use natural resources

To make them last and available for future generations

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Activity 6: Sustainability: A Lifestyle Must Be

Materials: pencils, crayons, or any colored pencils

Directions: Make a poster of activities that shows sustainable consumption of resources. Draw your output in the box below.

Rubric to observe for your drawing

Points Creativity (x4) Content(x3) Effort(2)

4 The learners’ variety of ideas are exceptionally illustrated in terms and designs and layouts.

All of the content is relevant to the topic.

The learner worked on the task until it was completed and exerted effort more than what is being required.

3 The learners’ variety of ideas are illustrated in terms of designs and layouts.

Most of the content is relevant to the topic.

The learner worked on the task until it was completed with a bit more effort.

2 The learners’ variety of ideas are acceptably illustrated though some are messy.

Some of the content is relevant to the topic.

The learner completed the task with minimum effort, but the output could have been improved with more time and patience.

1 The learners’ variety of ideas are not clearly illustrated.

The content is irrelevant to the topic.

The learners’ task was not completed.

Draw Here

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Assessment Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following DOES NOT belong to wise conservation of energy?

A. Constructing dams to places near waterfalls

B. Dumping of garbage and chemical waste into rivers and streams

C. Making windmills in areas with strong seasonal winds

D. Using water to generate electricity

2. Is geologic structure considered one of the factors why the Philippines is rich in

minerals?

A. Yes. The existence of minerals in the Philippines indicates that geologic

structures like active faults and volcanoes exist.

B. Yes. The existence of minerals in the Philippines means the country is rich

in metal and non-metal elements.

C. No. There is no relationship between the existence of minerals and geologic

structure in the Philippines.

D. No. Having a geologic structure in the Philippines does not mean it is rich

in minerals.

3. What are the factors that will cause changes to soil formation?

A. Climate, temperature, and amount of rainfall

B. The slope of the land, temperature, particle of soil

C. Amount of soil, amount of rainfall, the slope of the land

D. Replanting, use of compost as fertilizers, amount of rainfall

4. Which of the following resources is NOT considered as renewable?

A. Natural gas C. animals

B. Plants D. water

5. If your community is abundant with metallic minerals, what should you

undertake to conserve such precious mineral deposits?

A. Process all of them for personal gain

B. Build up tunnels under the ground to harvest minerals

C. Create laws and ordinances to control mining activities

D. Use dynamite to clear out trees and mountains, thereby discover metallic

deposits.

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6. Which of the following is the best example of physical weathering?

A. Formation of rust in iron nails

B. The chemical reaction of limestone with acid rain

C. Sandbar formation along the side of the stream

D. Cracking of rocks caused by freezing and thawing of water

7. People used energy most of the time. Which statement/s shows the conservation of

energy?

I. Switch off lights when not needed

II. Recycle materials like paper and glass containers

III. Turn off appliances once not in use.

IV. At low tide, water is allowed to run out through the dam to turn

electrical generations.

A. I only C. I, II, III

B. I and II D. I, II, III, IV

8. Watershed drains waters into a stream and tributaries. Which is its main function?

A. Production of continuous water supply that maintains life forms

B. Prevents growth of new plant species

C. Contributes to soil formation

D. Creates new minerals

9. How does latitude position relates to the high biodiversity of the Philippines?

A. The Philippines is near to the equator, does sunshine happens all year round, and

rainfall is abundant.

B. There is no relationship between latitude position and the high diversity of life

forms in the country.

C. Latitude position does not help to the formation of a diversity of life.

D. The Philippines is recorded as a country with vast oceans and bodies of water.

10. To secure future generations, which of the following resources people need to use

sustainably?

A. Renewable resources

B. Nonrenewable resources

C. Both a and b

D. Neither a nor b

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11. Which of the following factors help sustain the diversity of the plants and animals in the

country?

A. Temperature and rainfall

B. Fast consumption of resources

C. Biologic action

D. Rainfall

12. Which of the resources below correctly match its type?

A. Wind: nonrenewable

B. Water: renewable

C. Plants: nonrenewable

D. Natural gas: renewable

13. What factors relate to the abundance of some metal resources in the Philippines?

A. Geologic structures

B. Presence of volcanoes and trenches

C. Existence of rainfall

D. Both a and b

14. Along with to what particular location contributes why the Philippines is rich with

mineral resources?

A. Pacific Ring of Fire

B. Tributaries

C. Bodies of water

D. The location does not relate to its richness.

15. Which of the following choices refers to conservation?

A. Preserving nonrenewable resources such as oil and gas

B. Avoiding fast usage of resources

C. Maintaining the richness of Earth's resources for future use.

D. All of them

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Additional Activity

Activity 7: True or False

Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect.

__________ 1. Watersheds drain water into rivers and dams.

__________ 2. Uncontrolled mining improves our economy, thereby helps sustain

natural resources.

__________ 3. Geothermal and hydropower are both renewable resources.

__________ 4. Rocks form soil either through physical or chemical weathering.

__________ 5. The presence of mineral deposits does not relate to the geologic

structures in the Philippines.

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Answer Key- Gr7Q4W2 Science

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References

Department of Education (2017). Science 7 Learner’s Material. First Edition.

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education (2017). Science 7 Teachers Guide. First Edition.

Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

“File:AngatDam.Jpg - Wikimedia Commons.” Wikimedia Commons, 15 July 2015, http://bit.ly/3pLfxUv

“Geography.” MOLearns, Accessed 2 Jan. 2021. http://bit.ly/355t15U

“File:Gold nugget (Australia) 4 (16848647509).jpg - Wikimedia Commons”, 6 April 2015, http://bit.ly/3aXbe4B

“File:Copper (29 Cu).jpg - Wikimedia Commons”, 28 September 2013, http://bit.ly/3rKi7Mz

Development Team Region IX Hymn

Writer: RENALYN I. SULADAY

Editor/QA: MATTHEW T. SABASALES Reviewer: MILA P. ARAO Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team:

Danny B. Cordova, CESO VI SDS-Pagadian City Division

Ma. Colleen L. Emoricha, Ed.D, CESE ASDS

Maria Diosa Z. Peralta CID Chief

Ma. MAdelene P. Mituda, EdD EPS-LRMDS

Mila P. Arao EPS-Science

OUR EDEN LAND

Here the trees and Golden beams of flowers bloom, sunrise and sunset, Here the breezes Are visions you’ll never gently blow, forget.

Here the birds sing Oh! That’s Region IX...

merrily, And liberty forever Hardworking people stays abound,

Every valley and dale

Here the Badjaos Zamboangenos,

swam the seas, Tagalogs, Bicolanos,

Here the Samals live in Cebuanos, Ilocanos,

peace, Subanens, Boholanos, Here the Tausogs Illongos, thrive so free, All of them are proud With the Yakans in and true unity. Region IX our Eden

Land.

Gallant men And Ladies fair, Linger with love and Region IX, our Eden care, Land.