RIO DE JANEIRO - Kunststofkringloop

RIO DE JANEIRO

An integrated agenda & approach

2.Program Proposal

THIS ‘CLEAN URBAN DELTA’ INITIATIVE RIO DE JANEIRO IS DEVELOPED WITHIN A CONSORTIUM OF DUTCH COMPANIES, KNOWLEDGE INSTITUTES, NGOS AND GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES. THE PROJECT PROPOSALS PRESENTED HEREAFTER ARE THE START OF A VISIONARY, CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE PATH TOWARDS INCLUSIVE GREEN GROWTH. THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE QUOTED OR REPRODUCED ONLY IF THIS PUBLICATION IS QUOTED AS ‘CLEAN URBAN DELTA’ INITIATIVE’ RIO DE JANEIRO, JUNE 2015.

Copyright© June 2015

Authored Arnoud Passenier (Ministry I&M) and Yvon Wolthuis (ISI)Edited Henny de Jong (Ministry I&M)Design Wildgroeiers.comPhotography Juliette Schraauwers, Nadine van den Berg, Yvon WolthuisContributors Annex 1 at page 45Printed Zwaan PrintmediaDownload digital pdf www.kunststofkringloop.nl/english

3.Clean Urban Delta Initiative Rio de Janeiro

CONTENTAN INTEGRATED AGENDA & APPROACH 4The future we want starts now... 6Fact finding mission 10General approach 12The olympics can deliver the long-term legacy 15

INNOVATIONS IN GOVERNANCE 16

TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS 20

FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS 32

THE NEXT STEP 42Annex I 45Annex II 46

GOVERNANCE PROJECTS 482. Keep Guanabara urban delta clean 50

AWARENESS & EDUCATION 583. Education tools 604. Educational and monitoring support 68

MONITORING & EVALUATION 765. Clean bay support services 786. Water observer 86

CLEAN UP 987. Catch systems 1008. Plastic Fisher 1129. Floating waste collection vessels 120

WASTE WATER 12610. Restoration of Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas 12811. Pilot agua carioca water system 14612. Tijuca Rio Carioca project 15813. Waste water treatment plant

Marina da Gloria 16814. The natural way of cleaning waste water 174

SOLID WASTE 17815. Biowaste from compost to biorefinery 18016. Increasing recycling rates of

the informal sector 18617. Pharmafilter 19618. Maré maker hub 20419. Increasing plastics recycling options 22420. Net-works 232

4.Program Proposal

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‘The future we want’ starts right here, in the urban delta of Rio de Janeiro State, where the Cariocas, jointly with sportsmen and tourists from all over the world, will love to stay and swim, row, surf and sail in a clean Guanabara Bay and clean Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.

‘The future we want’ is based on the characteristics of a circular economy, in which waste is a valuable resource, in which collecting, sorting and recycling of disposed products and materials is a normality and products are designed and produced already anticipating the reuse of the product and materials once the product is disposed of. It is normal when products are turned into new raw materials or other products of the highest possible quality. Different types of innovations are used to ‘close the loop’, thereby preventing ‘leakage’ from the material cycles as far as possible. This way we can achieve a ‘Clean Urban Delta’.

‘The future we want’ carries the perspective that the lo-cal community will prosper more than in the past and that more business and additional labor opportunities are created as a result of treating waste as a valuable re-source. The global market for green goods and services can grow, offering Brazil economic, social and ecological benefit and job creation. Thus, a true circular economy is the answer to a number of sustainability challenges, with which the State of Rio de Janeiro is confronted at this moment.

NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE

THE FUTURE WE WANT STARTS RIGHT NOW...

8.Program Proposal

The transition to a long term cleaner environment is based on the notion that both the prevention of the waste stream and waste itself constitute a value. Preven-tion of waste streams represents societal value since it will enable cleaner and healthier environments, stimulating on the one hand the positive image of the Rio de Janeiro area and creating a more healthy and ambitious environ-ment for local communities on the other hand. Waste itself may - when collected, sorted and processed properly - also constitute a value in itself when recycled and turned into new resources for industry. Such value may be used for the construction of viable business cases, creating valuable jobs. The value of waste (preven-tion) may also be used to stimulate and incentivize local communities to be engaged in the process of creating a cleaner environment.

Creating value from a systemic approach towards waste prevention is the start of a true circular economy. This will sustain economic growth, enabled through the mini-mization of value destruction of our material flows and by reduction of our global material footprint, facilitating the maximization of value and job creation.

WASTE TO RESOURCE


ECONOMY WITHFEEDBACK LOOPS CIRCULAR ECONOMYLINEAR ECONOMY

10.Program Proposal

During 10-12 March 2015 a delegation of more than 20 specialists from The Netherlands visited Rio de Janeiro, to explore what the needs of the Government of the Rio de Janeiro State, the companies and other organisations in-volved might be and what options might be conceived to initiate concrete, problem-solving projects.

The discussions touched upon the integral approach pro-posed by the Dutch mission, highlighting technical solutions, governance issues and financial arrangements. These discus-sions took place in close collaboration with representatives of the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the Dutch Development Bank, FMO.

It was recognized that the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro and Niteroí have organized their waste collection well, imple-menting the Brazilian Waste Law, although (of course) more can be done. The Guanabara Bay is a problematic area be-cause the bay has a low influx of fresh (sometimes polluted) water, whilst quite some sewage pipes around the Bay re-lease untreated sewage, like in the Marina da Glória. Some areas, such as the section under the bridge between the Ilha do Governador and the mainland, have a relatively limited tidal influence, allowing the accumulation of (polluted) sedi-ments, resulting in i.e. odor issues. The Lagoa Rodrigo de Fre-itas, where during the Olympics the rowing championships will be held, is confronted with several environmental issues, such as water plants, algae, fish deaths and liquid and solid waste runoff.

FACT FINDING MISSION

MARCH 2015

12.Program Proposal

We truly believe that a lasting solution – that also engages the more urgent short term issues - rests on three pillars:

• Innovationingovernanceandcommunity mobilization

• Technologicalinnovations• Financeandbusinessmodels

These three pillars and more specifically the joint development of these pillars is instrumental to tackle the three challenges we identified:

• CleanuptheGuanabaraBayandLagoaRodrigodeFreitas• Wastewatertoresources• Solidwastetoresources

The Dutch consortium gathered under the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ initiative presents a balanced systemic and comprehensive ap-proach, that represents these three pillars, the three challenges and addresses both longer term transitions and short term actions.

The Netherlands ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium has been formed to assist in tackling the defined main challenges. It is not just the technological know-how that qualifies this consortium, but the track record in integral transdisciplinary projects and in pursuing complex multi-leveled stakeholder goals in co-creation with the end users.

The consortium has the knowledge, the experience and the sus-tainable innovations portfolio needed to create structural solutions together with Brazilian counterparts. The companies, knowledge in-stitutes, NGOs and governmental bodies involved, have their own interest to valorize their sustainable innovations, which is also the opportunity for the companies in Brazil. They also realize themselves that close cooperation between such different organisations is instrumental in reaching long term success. It is essential that Brazilian partners join forces as well and liaise with Dutch firms and institutes. Brazilian partners will have to implement the long-term strategies themselves. Together, Brazilian and international stakeholders should formulate strategies for the long term that will materialize through concrete plans for the middle and short term.

GENERAL APPROACHSYSTEMIC TRANSITIONS WITH 3 PILLARS TO MEET 3 CHALLENGES


Of course this endeavor can only bear fruit in intense cooperation with the State of Rio de Janeiro and its municipalities. The agenda of proposed measures builds on, adds to and reinforces the major interven-tion programs, which already are in place. If all stakeholders share the same ambition, the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ program will be de-veloped further in close collaboration and co-creation between the State of Rio de Janeiro and the municipalities of the Gua-nabara Bay basin and local/regional com-panies, knowledge institutes, together with the Dutch partners.

The approach we propose is one of steady and clear but gradual transition. Let us start small and keep projects simple and focus on delivering results. The results of a single project will improve the results of the other proposed measures; implementing the full chain of sustainable actions will deliver optimal results. The local community and stakeholders have to experience the pos-itive change in their own community. This will prove essential in order to enhance the political and societal commitment and support, crucial to achieve the long-term

goals. The government will show that it partners with the people, businesses and knowledge institutes to invest in the same goals. The government is the facilitator of the processes without taking over respon-sibilities. These steps fit in the overall Bra-zilian ambitions, recently launched within the National Action Plan on Sustainable Production and Consumption to engage in the new perspective.

The sections in this document provide an overview of proposed measures. A more comprehensive description of the proposed ideas and interventions can be found in separate projects.

CleanuptheGuanabaraBayandLagoaRodrigodeFreitas

Wastewatertoresources

Solidwastetoresources

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THE OLYMPICS CAN DELIVER THE LONG-TERM LEGACYOf course not everything will be realized in the next ap-proximately 400 days before the start of the Olympic and Paralympic Games in August 2016. Everyone recognizes that the cleanup is an urgent matter in the context of the upcoming Olympics and Paralympics. Cleaning up the Guanabara Bay and the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas will be welcomed by all stakeholders. Only cleaning up for the few weeks of the Olympic Games would really be a waste; leaving a long-term legacy to the popula-tion should be the objective. Gaining the momentum of the Olympic Games to ignite fundamental and structural change in the way the Brazilians use the social, environ-mental and economic potential of the Guanabara Bay is a once in a lifetime opportunity. The Bay is a unique land-mark in the State of Rio de Janeiro and its recovery re-quires fundamental societal and political support in order to justify further investments.

Structural changes in the way of living in Brazil are needed in order for all of us to mutually realize the change: close the loop of material loss and create a circular economy, in which waste is a commodity and cleaning up the Bay a necessity. The urban delta of Rio de Janeiro can be the first example for the creation of a sustainable ‘Clean Urban Delta’, proving to the world that ‘the future we want’ starts right there where the ideas were conceived: we can only achieve this objective if we work closely to-gether, internationally. The Olympic Games can be used as a deadline and as a trigger for fundamental change. Let us join forces and show to the world that we can do it!

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Too often people stop thinking about innovations when the technical solutions have been presented. The ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium believes strongly that in order to build a circular economy, the involvement of the whole community is re-quired in the process of transition towards that common goal. Another prerequisite for solving the major challenges, is to promote innovations in the market through pre-commercial public procurement.

The ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium proposes to focus on the following activities to strengthen governance aspects of sustainable waste and waste water issues:

• Create value for money by the government • Develop powerful networks, that helps! • Build bridges between the local authorities and other stakeholders • Work on education and awareness

Create value for money by the governmentKnowledge exchange between the Brazilian and Dutch government to incorporate innovative concepts of public procurement, is a way to improve the innovative climate on the Brazilian market. If the government formulates a call for initiatives, it is crucial which criteria are set. One can promote the best available and proven sustainable and innovative techniques by setting high standards, innovative forms of tendering with ‘early contractor involvement’, public-private partnership (PPP) constructions and pro-curement with long term contracts on operations.


Develop powerful networks, that helps!The plan of the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ con-sortium to reach out to the State of Rio de Janeiro authorities and other Brazilian stakeholders, to closely collaborate in cleaning up the Guanabara Bay and in-troduce the circular economy, was born amidst a network of 75 Dutch stake-holders who signed a ‘Plastic value chain agreement’. These stakeholders share the ambition to close the plastic material cycle in The Netherlands and abroad, which has led to the mutual ambition in the spirit of the Olympics to share knowl-edge and experience. The development of a strong network is supported by the will of all those, sharing the same vision on the desired future for sustainable pro-duction and consumption patterns based on a circular economy. This provides the basis for a clean and inclusive economy in the urban delta. By working together in the value chain, trust between companies and other stakeholders will be obtained. This trust is essential to facilitate sus-tainable and innovative investments. The ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium has the willingness and capability, to support the development of those networks.

Stakeholders can start building those net-works by connecting with the ‘coalition of the willing’. If we can foster the initiation of such a network of Brazilian stakeholders

working together with the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium, a lot of results can be delivered, which will help the govern-ment to rebuild trust in progress towards shared prosperity. Showing that structural change is possible, helping local commu-nities to create better living conditions, but also increasing employability and busi-ness development alike. During their fact finding mission in Rio, the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium met a lot of stakehold-ers, who are very enthusiastic about the idea of collaborating towards a circular economy and thus creating a healthier and more sustainable environment. The governmental agencies of SEA and INEA were very positive about the integral and structural approach, so were other possi-ble partners like CEDAE, Comlurb, Pangea and the National movement of Collectors in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

In The Netherlands the government has learned to cooperate closely with all stakeholders to maintain a high standard of living in the small and crowded urban delta that is situated significantly be-low sea level. Together, in co-creation, a wide range of innovations and results are compiled. Co-creation is a process of co-operation, in which all participants have influence on the process and the result of this process. Characteristics of co-cre-ation are dialogue, common ground,

enthusiasm, vigor and focus on tangible results. Conditions for successful co-cre-ation are best met in a guided, structured but creative process. Equality of partici-pants, reciprocity, openness and trust all influence the process and ensure the best results.

Build on a Brazilian Partnership, a Clean Urban Delta AllianceThe developing public-private partnership network in the Guanabara Bay region to-gether with the Dutch consortium can be enhanced by setting up a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), the ‘Clean Urban Delta Alli-ance’ (CUDA). The CUDA which will ask for commitment and dedication of its mem-bers. Therefore, the main stakeholders will be in the Board of the alliance and will be shareholder as well. Those who care, will be responsible. This way the system remains transparent. An Advisory Board could be installed, consisting of senior advisors from industry, science and public national and international organisations. The Advisory Board will report to the Board and to the government. All Advisory Board members will be neutral and refrain from any activity in the process.

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22.Program Proposal


Specific projects which can be imple-mented in the context of good governance

1. Dutch partners like the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, the NVRD (organization of local waste col-lection companies) and consultancy firms such as the Rebel Group can advise on technical assistance to build bridges be-tween the local authorities and other stakeholders.The International Network for Environ-mental Enforcement and Compliance (IN-ECE), with Brazilian, American and Dutch membership, can add capacity to the mu-nicipalities around the Guanabara Bay. They can provide technical expertise to improve governance structures and guide-lines, they can train inspectors how to au-dit the compliance of environmental regu-lations, all in addition to the efforts of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Inter-American Development Bank in this field.

2. The Rebel Group can add to capac-ity building regarding green procurement, introduction of ‘cash-for-trash’ programs, and in developing shared visions between local authorities.

Work on education and awarenessAs already said, the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ coalition believes strongly in creating a Brazilian-Dutch Alliance in which all stake-holders are involved. The general public has to be involved in the process of reach-ing the goals of the proposed agenda. Awareness raising and behavioral change are important pillars of the process.

3. To enhance behavioral change we would like to propose the tools developed by MARLISCO, an educational project combating marine litter through aware-ness raising. MARLISCO has developed a toolkit in the Portuguese language with a wide spectrum of instruments and ap-proaches to increase awareness within local communities aiming at responsible behavior and litter prevention. The toolkit can be used by local authorities and NGOs in Rio de Janeiro, for example with an exhibition and implementing an edu-cational package with serious gaming, contests and online training courses for teachers and other educators. Collabora-tion could be set up with e.g. the Brazilian Marine Litter Organization (ABLM), WWF Brazil, Projeto Grael, Projeto Ilhas do Rio, Rio2016 and Comlurb.

4. Further capacity building could be de-veloped through the Knowledge-to-Knowl-edge networks which already are in place. Centre of Expertise Water technology and the Centre for Innovative Skills (CEW-CIV), a highly sophisticated vocational school specialized in water technology and op-erating in a network of Dutch research institutes on water technology, is partner in this Dutch consortium. CEW-CIV has sustained close relations with local Rio education institutes and can provide tech-nical training of students and profession-als, specifically directed to the knowledge needed to apply all new, innovative tech-nologies, which are presented in this inte-grated initiative and further develop those technologies and skills together with the Brazilian knowledge institutes and techni-cal schools.

Monitor to obtain additional insightsThe technical initiative formulation started on the basic information of the monitor-ing of the flows of marine debris in the Guanabara Bay that was improved by the Deltares model in co-creation with the UFRJ and the PSAM management. This monitoring was based on the Govern-ment to Government Memorandum of Understanding between the State of Rio

24.Program Proposal

de Janeiro and the government of Kingdom of The Neth-erlands. Assessing the volume, composition and loca-tions of the debris, helps to find solutions for an efficient cleanup and effective source based interventions.

5. The Deltares coastal forecasting model Delft-FEWS is well known. It could be developed further in a more so-phisticated model of the marine debris flows in the Gua-nabara Bay, especially if Deltares can collaborate closely with the specialists at SEA/INEA and the UFRJ to obtain more relevant data.

6. The real-time monitoring can be improved by the ‘Water Observer’, a simple system of cameras attached to balloons, similar to those already used by the Rio police.

Install barriers and clean up to prevent marine debris reaching specific areasThere are many rivers and sewage pipes debouching into the Guanabara Bay, carrying solid and liquid waste. If this liquid and solid waste could be collected and treated ef-fectively, it will prevent further pollution of the Guanaba-ra Bay. This will improve the chances for local ecosystem recovery, improve living conditions, attracttourism and facilitate the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

7. Engineering firm Tauw has developed several op-tions for an effective litter trap at the mouth of a river that can be implemented in the Iguaçu river, or other sim-ilar rivers. The Tauw litter trap is engineered to catch all debris contained in the water column, from surface to riv-erbed, and at the same time letting all water go through the screens, entering the Guanabara Bay. The litter trap is tailor-made for each specific situation and closes off

the river mouth in order to stop any debris from float-ing through. Tauw also manufactures provisional screens that can be used to steer the solid and liquid waste out of the Marina da Glória harbor as long as the influx is not stopped otherwise. At the same time, other screens could improve the inlet of fresh water into the Marina. The system with screens can be implemented in such a way that it does not hinder the Olympic surfing athletes.


8. The waste at the river mouths can be collected and sorted quickly by the implementation of the Plastic Fish-er. This way the floating waste is kept at the river mouth and will not be dispersed into the Guanabara Bay. The Plastic Fisher is a floating platform installed at the river mouth to catch debris from the water surface to a depth of approximately 1 meter. The platform can be installed in cascade, allowing vessels to pass; it can also be used to close of the river mouth on a temporal or permanent basis. The Plastic Fisher is a useful and cost-effective ad-dition to the current portfolio of eco-barriers and eco-boats. The Plastic Fisher has been developed, tried and tested in The Netherlands. One Plastic Fisher is available for immediate implementation, more could be supplied on short notice.

9. Ecoboats such as the Royal IHC ‘Waste Harvester’ which actually cleanup the Bay actively are available. This is a catamaran which continuously harvests the floating debris. This catamaran could be used especially in the Guanabara Bay because of an ingenious transportation belt and a system of interchangeable barges enabling the boat to keep sailing and continuously harvesting the de-bris in open water. The IHC ‘Waste Harvester’ is a vessel that can be used for cleaning up the surface waters of Guanabara Bay in addition to the current eco-boats and may also be deployed outside the Bay (in the area of the sailing championships) and in the coastal zone.

For the long term there is always the option to build dykes between the Ilha do Governador and the mainland. These dykes facilitate possible land reclamation. The com-mercial development of the reclaimed land could supply possible funding for the environmental rehabilitation, by planting of mangrove forests adding to the cleanup of the sediments and reducing odor issues. Also in other parts of the Guanabara Bay, new planting of mangrove forests can be of help to restore the ecosystem. The engineering companies and Deltares can work along those lines in close cooperation with local universities and businesses in Rio de Janeiro.

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Moving from the Guanabara Bay to the Lagoa Rodrigo de FreitasThe Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas is a beauti-ful brackish lake serving as a hot spot for locals and for tourists for leisure. This is where the Olympic rowing competition will take place. The lake faces problems similar to the Guanabara Bay as untreat-ed waste water and solid waste enter the Lagoa. Water plants and algae grow excessively due to the occurring eutro-phication and there is the phenomenon of the sudden fish death due to the reduction of oxygen in water. For the Lagoa the next steps are the basis of a long-term sustainable intervention that improves the living conditions around the lake.

10. The engineering companies Ar-cadis and RoyalHaskoningDHV (RH-DHV) together with Ooze Architects propose a holistic program of interven-tions to solve all those problems on a structural basis. Elements of this holistic approach should lead to the formulation of a Master Plan for the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, embedded in several tech-nical and economical feasibility studies. For the short term, ‘no regret’ measures can be the deployment of mowing boats to remove the water plants, and install (temporary) sewage water treatment

systems and constructed wetlands (see under 11,12), e.g. at the Jockey Club. In addition, circulation of water within the Lagoa can be introduced to improve the concentration of oxygen; other wetlands can be installed to treat domestic wastewater from the upstream communities.

Waste water treatment, the first steps in to pollution prevention The current status of the Guanabara Bay and the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas results from insufficient waste water collection and limited treatment, as well as from a lack of solid waste collection and treatment. At the same time a lot of clean (drinking) water is wasted through leakages of the water system. Invest-ments in the water system are needed in solving the root causes, if we want to achieve our common goal of a ‘Clean Urban Delta’ in the State of Rio de Ja-neiro, where people can live healthily, where all water and resources are used sustainably. Waste water treatment and water retention for all inhabitants, ev-erywhere in the State of Rio de Janeiro, should be the standard in the future.

11. An interesting model that is pre-sented is the above mentioned sys-tem of ‘constructed wetlands’, which can be applied first in a school at the

Comunidade Maré (CIEP). In areas where it is difficult or too expensive to install a network of sewage pipes, construct-ed wetlands could be an effective al-ternative. Such wetlands are natural water purification systems. The waste water flows through the shallow basin filled with substrates (sand and gravel) and are planted with vegetation tolerant for of saturated conditions. The waste water can be freed effectively from or-ganic pollutants by the microbiological degradation and physical and chemical processes in the basin. Especially in the comunidades (also higher in the hills) these basins can be installed and local people can maintain the system rela-tively easily. Introduction of constructed wetlands can be based on the extensive research of Ooze Architects in the past two years in Rio de Janeiro.

12. Uphill following the Rio Carioca there are possibilities to combine the constructed wetlands with other wa-ter interventions, like the idea to save fresh water, refurbishing and reusing old water retention reservoirs in the Tijuca National Park, not only in the context of the recent water scarcity because of droughts, but also from the perspective of public health and a better green en-vironment. If implemented, it shows the


possibilities for sustainable implementa-tion of smart water cycle management in the comunidades, starting close to the source of the Rio Carioca, but replicable for lots of other comparable situations. This project can be implemented jointly with project nr. 19 (see below) that aims to improve recycling of solid waste, spe-cifically plastics in the same comunidade.

13. For other situations there are viable short-term solutions as well with small scale inexpensive waste water treatment installations, like mobile water treatment plants that can be installed at locations where sewage pipes with untreated wa-ter are located at the entrance of the Bay (like Marina da Glória, the Lagoa Rodri-go de Freitas or in Niteroí). This mobile waste water treatment plant, designed and engineered by Arcadis, is one single tank in which the removal of waste water constituents and the sedimentation of sludge take place. This principle requires less equipment, piping and instrumenta-tion than a conventional system.

14. Also with large waste water treat-ment facilities, there are sustainable, innovations possible. Waste water treat-ment plants cost energy and land, which cannot be used for other purposes. In The Netherlands, an urban delta by itself,

major technical innovations have been implemented during the last decades. Nowadays, biological waste water treat-ment plants are built with a smaller plant footprint (up to factor 4), based on e.g. the so-called NEREDA technology, with which RHDHV has ample experience, including in Brazil2. An alternative or combination of technology could be in-vestigated involving the Dutch company by origin Paques (also active with a local branch in Brazil), world leader on biolog-ical treatment techniques. This specific technology, the BIOPAQ®UBOX, com-bines the removal of organic compounds with first stage anaerobic and second stage aerobic biological treatment of waste water in one compact reactor. This technology is applicable as sewage treat-ment in (sub)tropical climates, but also finds its way in industrial applications.

With the above mentioned innovations, that are already applied all over the world, sewage water treatment efficien-cy can be improved significantly. Com-bined with the possibility to produce clean water, energy (biogas) and fertiliz-ers (struvite) out of sewage water sludge, it can be interesting for the Rio de Janeiro State government to benefit from the experiences in The Netherlands. The public water company of the City of

Amsterdam, Waternet, is able to advise on the process of feasibility, develop-ment, procurement and implementation together with the above mentioned engineering firms.

Waste collection and recycling: the second step in pollution prevention The overall picture of waste collection and recycling in the cities of Rio de Ja-neiro and Niteroí, shows that the organi-zation of waste collection is profession-alizing rapidly. Some remaining issues can be addressed in close cooperation of Brazilian and Dutch associations, busi-ness and authorities. From the fact-find-ing mission we learned that there are formal and informal systems of waste collection in place. In the city of Rio de Janeiro the Dutch company of TransLift delivers waste collection systems (con-tainers) to Comlurb. Other systems of waste collection, developed by Pangea, a local NGO, have led to an increase of the volume of collected waste. Unfortu-nately, most waste still appears to end up on landfills. In order to speed up the implementa-tion of innovative and proven waste and waste water collection and recycling sys-tems, it is a crucial step to focus with pri-ority on the more and better collection and treatment of those waste streams

2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcoJxkM_A44. Right at this moment a WWTP is being built in Rio de Janeiro by the local partner of RHDHV, Odebrecht.

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with high volumes and highly attractive options for recycling (organic waste, plastic waste) as well as single source heavy polluters, like hospital waste. The quality and thus value in the waste value chain can be increased if (at least) plastic, organic and hospital waste are separated from the rest; this simultaneously signifi-cantly reduces the volumes that have to be land filled.

15. The organic waste (food and gar-den/park) can be collected separately. The organic fraction contains a lot of water and energy, and the organic and nutrient matter can be reused in (urban) agriculture as compost. The separate collection of organic waste can be in-troduced rather simply by starting with the separate collection of organic waste from restaurants, market halls, parks and gardens. A (pilot) “bioconversion plant” consisting of an anaerobic digestion unit and composting plant, and can be built close to an existing landfill. Dutch com-panies like DWM and Orgaworld can help implementing those systems.

16. Cooperatives of waste pickers could be supported better to find ways to collect more and selective (plastic) waste in order to create more value out of waste. A four-year plan is under de-

velopment between NGO Pangea, the National Movement of Collectors and the Dutch NGOs WASTE and GWP to support those cooperatives in order to increase the rate of selective collection in the surrounding municipalities of the Guanabara Bay and to create work for 500 waste pickers who can collect and recycle the of recyclable materials. Dutch consultants like WASTE and GWP with ample experience in working with waste pickers all over the world can sup-port those organisations with the imple-mentation of that four-year plan.

17. Comlurb collects and treats all waste and waste water of five hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, which can possibly profit from the innovative technologies of Phar-mafilter. Comlurb can benefit from the introduction of the Pharmafilter concept, which has been demonstrated success-fully in a hospital in Delft (NL) and is now being implemented in several (academic) hospitals in The Netherlands. Toilets are used as the main transport system for not only waste water, but also for all organ-ic waste and (contaminated) (bio) plastic waste. A treatment facility on site will ferment the waste and the waste water, producing biogas, clean water, struvite and an organic residual fraction, which is decontaminated of viruses and bacteria.

Closing the loop by product design and development + creating market pull…

18. One concrete plan which is devel-oped in co-creation between Floating Horizon and MateriaBrasil and ISI, is to create a Comunidade “Maker Hub”, start-ing in Favela Maré. Different small enter-prises will be set up along the product val-ue chain to process the waste into useful materials that can be used as resource for new products. In this project awareness is raised in the comunidades about the po-tential of a circular economy, people will be empowered, enhancing entrepreneur-ship and (environmental) education.

19. WWF-Brazil/Netherlands together with the Plastic Soup Foundation have initiated a project to promote the use of recycled materials in designing and pro-ducing new products that can be brought to the market. A group of designers in Rio de Janeiro already has started to de-sign concepts for those products to be manufactured in the comunidades. This project aims to increase the number of cycles of plastic material before it is dis-posed off, thereby decreasing the carbon footprint of the community. The project will be developed jointly with project nr. 12 (see above).


Major corporations such as electron-ics firm Philips and carpet-tiles pro-ducer INTERFACE are prepared to discuss possibilities to buy recycled materials for their production there-by creating a stronger ‘market pull’ (of course under the right technical conditions and within a strong and reliable network).

20. Especially INTERFACE is work-ing together with Aquafil in the ‘Net-Works’ global supply chain to source discarded nylon fishing nets as a way to close the manufacturing loop. Aquafil obtains a high quality source material that can be recycled into nylon yarn for the carpet tile pro-duction of INTERFACE. Such a pro-gram exists successfully in The Phil-ippines, and can be replicated in the greater Rio de Janeiro region. The local (fishing) community can collect abandoned, lost or discarded fishing nets for recycling. In the concept of ‘Fishing for Litter’, fishermen are paid to collect fishing nets and other marine debris from the Guanabara Bay and coastal waters. They deliv-er the materials to the informal sec-tor for recycling. Based on the over 20 years of experience in Europe it will be a great addition to redesign

‘Fishing for litter’ to the requirements of the in Guanabara Bay and imple-ment this concept with the perspec-tive that the materials collected can obtain more value through activities on land (waste to energy or waste to recycling). WFO has the experience and capabilities to advise on the process implementing the concept of ‘Fishing for Litter’. The local fish-ermen community is positive about this idea.The above-mentioned technical solutions all add to the prevention of further pollution of the Guana-bara Bay and the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas and the creation of a circular economy in the State Rio de Janei-ro and the municipalities situated around the Guanabara Bay. In all these ideas, the set-up and the co-operation between partners and stakeholders for the delivery of the envisaged results is focused on the implementation and the ongoing op-eration including the governance to make the systems perform well for the long term.

32.Program Proposal

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34.Program Proposal


FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTSBuilding ‘the future we want’ in order to realize shared prosperity requires a solid financial plan in order to extract the future benefits that are incorporated in the overall improvements of the environment, sustaining the local eco-system. The ideas described all contribute to this goal but do require to be financed up front as the benefits are in the future and spread over stakeholders throughout the Guanabara bay area. In order to realize the shared ambition to create a ‘Clean Urban Delta’ in Rio de Janeiro, to cleanup the Guanabara Bay and to spread the first seedlings for the transition to a circular economy, we have to specifically design and research the way those projects have to be financed. New business models are also part of the circular economy system. This chapter of the initiative is only the start of a discussion between the Brazilian, the Dutch and the multi-lateral financial institutions, like the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the World Bank, the Dutch Develop-ment Bank (FMO), and the local banks. In the next phase after the commitment of the Brazilian authorities has been secured, the various options for financial arrangements will be elaborated upon more in detail.

This chapter describes potential financial solutions, which can be offered to realize the shared ambitions. Financial products can be of help in order to implement the projects mentioned above. The choice for the financial solutions depends on the project selection by the State of Rio de Janeiro and on the project owners. The financing partners are briefly described, followed by an introduction of the potential financial products. Furthermore, we describe the existing financing in place.

36.Program Proposal

Financing PartnersFMO is the financial coordinator within the Clean Urban Delta Consortium. FMO has liaised with the World Bank, IDB and the BNDES to form a financial partnership. This partnership continues to be open to any other financial institution that wants to participate in the financing of the projects, such as national and international commer-cial banks. Upon finalizing the Integrated Initiative in the form of a Master Plan, which should give all stakeholders a full overview of bankable projects, we will invite other financial institutions to join the partnership.

Types of financial productsThe following sections describe the various financial products that could be made available:

• Commercial Finance • DevelopmentImpactBond,orotherrelevantfinance

fitforpurpose • Greenlines(micro-credits) • TechnicalAssistance

These are financial instruments that are available next to government budgets for already planned activities.


Commercial finance from development finance instituti-ons or commercial banksThe consortium proposes to finance cleanup initiatives, with commercial outputs and cash flows through commercial fi-nance. These projects have the ability to repay the incurred capital investments through the future cash flows from the projects. The financing partners can finance commercially vi-able companies and projects through a variety of financial products and services. The financial institutions offer direct medium and long-term loans at both fixed and variable inter-est rates. The term of length of the loans, repayment sched-ules, interest rates, currency and other conditions of the loans are to be decided upon assessment of the project (see paragraph Investment process below). In addition, the finan-cial institutions can offer ‘green lines’ as appropriate. This is a loan to a local financial institution or microfinance institution that on-lends the green line to small companies for the pur-pose of ‘green’ investments, such as small recycling initiatives started in the Maré Maker Hub initiative.

For the financing of the initiatives, we will require strategic sponsors to participate through equity. These shareholders can be international/local companies or the State of Rio de Janeiro. With regard to ownership structures, we suggest to explore suitable structures, for instance Special Purpose Vehicle(s) for the management of the projects, including re-sponsibility for operations, stand-by funding and debt ser-vice. The financing partners can form a syndicate to raise long term financing in an efficient way.

FMO facilitates the participation of other banks in market-priced loans under the so called A/B-loan syndication program. These

banks share in the credit risk and, where possible, benefit from FMO’s status as a bilateral development bank. Several syndi-cated loans are arranged for financial institutions, large-scale infrastructure projects and corporate clients, enabling partic-ipating banks to join, and thus mobilizing significantly more funding than any single bank could generate on its own.Example of a project, which could potentially be financed through commercial loans, is the Bio Waste project of Dutch Waste Man-agement and the hospital waste and waste water disposal/recy-cling project of Pharmafilter.

Development Impact Bond A Development Impact Bond (DIB) provides private inves-tors with opportunities to finance high impact projects and businesses. Donors or host-country governments reimburse DIB-investors if evidence by an independent evaluator shows that projects implemented achieve pre-agreed social, environmental or development outcomes (parameters, key performance indicators). This financing product is especially suitable for projects where there is a high public element, and whereby the projects have a major impact on a commu-nity, city, state or other type of public organization. The DIB is an innovative financing structure that has been developed by FMO since 2014, but has not been issued so far; there-fore making it an unproven concept. The World Bank has similar programs called Output-Based Aid and Program for Results. As the World Bank has vast experience in this field, their existing programs will be used as a basis. The World Bank’s Technical Assistance program will be able to define the necessary outcomes of projects that qualify for a DIB.

38.Program Proposal

INFOGRAPHIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT BOND

Investor Intermediary Outcome Payer

DonorsGovernmentsMultinationals

Service Provider Beneficiaries M&E


The advantages of a DIB are: • Accesstofinance:Investorinvolvementenablesfundingto

bedisbursedwhererequiredandaDIBmayincrease‘Out-comePayer’appetiteforprogramsthatwouldotherwisebedismissed.

• Stakeholdercoordination:DIB’screateamechanismforcoordinatinggovernment,donoragencies,privatesectorinvestorsandNGOsserviceproviders.Thefocusonoutcomemeansthatincentivesarealignedforoutcomefunders,investorsandserviceproviders.

• Targetedinterventions:Investorinvolvementcreatesastrongincentivetoensureeffectiveandefficientdeliveryofoutcomes.Thisfocusonoutcomeenablesflexibilityintheinterventionapproachandallowsforlocallytailoredandinnovativeapproachestoservicedelivery.

Other Outcome Payers, alongside the State of Rio de Janeiro, can be the tourism sector, the health sector, heavy industries and the maritime sector. All these sectors benefit from a cleaner bay and healthy environment. These sectors can commit fund-ing to the DIB in advance of the project. Initial suggestions for outcome targets are (1) parameters on the reduction of solid waste collection from in the Guanabara Bay. (2) parameters on the gradual improvement of the water quality. This has to be in-vestigated in more detail together with the relevant shareholders involved.

The major benefit for the State of Rio de Janeiro is that all par-ties are focused on meeting the outcome targets. A DIB should be facilitated by a public private partnership between the State of Rio de Janeiro and local governments, industries, businesses, community organizations and civil society to restore the (clean) environment of the Guanabara Bay.

40.Program Proposal

Examples of projects that potentially can be financed through a DIB are: Eco-barriers (catch systems) of TAUW, the Plastic Fisher of ISI and SK International, the eco-boats of Royal IHC, Restoration Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas of Arcadis, Ooze Archi-tects and RHDHV, Tijuca Rio Carioca Park of WWF, Ooze Ar-chitects and Arcadis, increasing recycling rates informal sector of Pangea, WASTE and GFP, Maré Maker Hub of Materia Brasil, Floating Horizon and ISI, Designing new products using recy-cled materials of WWF and the Plastic Soup Foundation and Creating market pull, using old fishing nets for carpets of Inter-face, Aquafil, ZLS and WFO.

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Some of the proposed projects in table in Annex I below do not have a commercial element, nor a tangible development impact. Such products can be classified as technical assistance and can be financed through funding from the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Dutch government or other donors.

World Bank’s potential involvement Besides the 20 projects that together form the heart of the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ initiative, the World Bank proposes diffe-rent topics for technical assistance, such as:

• IdentificationofdevelopmentoutcometargetsfortheDevelopmentImpactBond.Asdiscussedinthepreviousparagraph,theDIBrequirestheidentificationofKeyPerfor-manceIndicatorsfortheoutputassessment.

• MarineLitterActionPlanfortheother14municipalities.ItisimportanttoelaborateaMarineLitterActionPlanfortheother14municipalitiesaroundandupstreamoftheBay.ThiswillmakeitpossibletoelaborateonejointMarineLitter

ActionPlanfortheGuanabaraBay.Itiscrucialtomakeananalysisoftheplansforsanitationandsolidresidues,identifyingwhatworksandwhatdoesnot,andtoproposesolutions-adjustmentsand,ifnecessary,newactionsforthe plan.

• IdentificationofCriticalEntryPointsofLitter.PollutionWorkingGroup3askedtheWorldBanktohelppilottheGlobalAlertPlatform(“GAP4”)intheBayandupstreamtotheBayinordertoidentifythecriticalentrypointsoflitterintotheriversandcanals,aswellasdirectlyintotheBay(e.g.beaches).Thisinitialidentification(survey)willbefedintotheGAPandcouldturnintoamonitoringprogram.Additionally,thedataofthissurveyandmonitoringcouldguidetheongoingactionsandpotentialnewactions.Finally,thedatacanbeusedtosetupandmonitortheeco-barri-ers(wastecatchsystems)asproposedbyTAUWorISI/SKInternational.

• GLOC-3andotherevents.Itispossiblethatthenext,thirdUNEPGlobalConferenceonLand-OceanConnectionsconference(GLOC-3)organizedbyUNEP,willtakeplaceinNiteroíatthebeginningof2016.TheWorldBank,throughitsPollutionWorkingGroup,hasbeeninvitedtoparticipateandpresentitsworkintheBay.Additionally,WBwasaskedtofacilitateanumberofotherinitiativesrelatedtotheGuanabaraBaycleanup.Oneofthemistohelporganizeanocean-benefiteventthatwillunitewaterathletes(surfers,sailorsandswimmers).

• OtherexamplesofprojectsthatcouldpotentiallybefundedthroughTechnicalAssistance.TheGovernmenttoGovern-mentinitiativebytheDutchMinistryofInfrastructure&Environment,RebelGroupExecutivesandtheMangroveRehabilitationideabyDeltares.


EXISTING FINANCING FROM THE IDB

The IDB has approved the following projects for the Guanabara Bay clean up:

PSAM Environmental Sanitation Program for the municipalities in the Guanabara Bay. This entails a USD 640mln loan (70% IDB / 30% State of Rio de Janeiro) to help restore the water quality of the Guanabara Bay. Its purpose is to increase the level of collection and treatment of waste water in the bay, thus helping to reduce the organic load discharged into the bay from domestic sources. The project consists of three components:

• Wastewatercollectionandtreatmentworksandequipment• Operationalimprovementandinstitutionaldevelopment• Sustainabilityofmunicipalpublicsanitationpolicies

Technical Cooperation program to establish and ensure the effectiveness of the governance structure and management programs for the Guanabara Bay. This program has two components:

• Component1:EstablishagovernancestructurefortheGuanabaraBay• Component2:StrengthentheregulatoryframeworkfortheGuanabaraBay

Regarding the role of the IDB, the Bank will be following the line of PSAM to support the State of Rio de Janeiro implementing the needed basic sewage collection and treatment systems.Since IDB has a private sector, it is also possible to participate in project finance, but this possibility has to be negotiated directly with the IDB’s private sector. Regarding Technical assistance, the IDB is a clear partner of the State of Rio Janeiro and the Bank is always open to support strategic ideas such as the one in the shared vision of governance for the Guanabara Bay and in the past, the support to the water company CEDAE to improve the opera-tional efficiency.It is currently not known to the financing partners whether there are more financial commitments for the Guanabara Bay clean up. To prevent duplication of projects (and costs), we will work towards a Master Plan of all projects identified by the World Bank and IDB in the next phase of the project. All existing and new projects related to the cleanup of the Guanabara Bay (and associated activities) are gathered in the same document then.

3 The WB-led GPO PollutionWorkingGroup(PWG), includes around 15 international marine pollution experts from international organizations, donors, NGOs, client countries, research institutions from all the 5 continents. It is now an established community of practice, which meets periodically to discuss and advice on issues, projects, and activities of both land and marine-based pollution and its manage-ment, and particularly on agricultural non-point sources of pollution, waste water, and marine litter (including plastics).

4 Under advice by the GPO PWG, the GlobalAlertPlatform(GAP) has been developed as a Google Earth internet-based interface, which allows for mapping of plastic concentrations and flows along rivers and coasts, by allowing the uploading of geo-referenced photographic evidence along with other data. It is designed to allow for communities or individuals to input this information onto digital maps.

Program Proposal42.

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THE FUTURE WE WANT STARTS RIGHT NOW, HERE IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO!

This initiative is only the start of a process. Together we can formulate strategies that will materialize through concrete plans and hands-on projects. If this initiative is embraced by the State of Rio de Janeiro as a short term and a long term agenda, we will immediately be able to start implementing the projects together. Short term actions can be put into motion quickly, appointments will be made. All consortium members are looking forward to work together with you, in Brazil. It may be the start of a beautiful strong partnership between the Brazilians and the Dutch. Jointly we can show the world that the challenges for the Guanabara Bay and the Olympic Games are addressed with a sustainable long-term scope through the well governed implementation of crucial innovations that are building towards the desired change and legacy. Turning Rio de Janeiro into the first global Clean Urban Delta that will set an example for other urban deltas with similar challenges to follow.

The crucial criteria to progress on the mutual co-creation process are trust, conviction and perseverance. In order to formalize this cooperation and enable the desired quick start of the projects we propose to conclude a Memorandum of Understanding and/or a Technical Cooperation Agreement framework to outline the next steps, including the tasks and responsibilities of each of the parties involved. We hope that you are committed and confident in embracing this agenda and we are looking forward to a close collaboration with all of you.

Central contact point upon finalizing agreements for the ‘Clean Urban Delta’ consortium is mr. Arjen Uijterlinde, Consul-General of The Kingdom of the Netherlands in Rio de Janeiro.

Contact details:

Mr. Arjen UijterlindeConsul-General Consulate General of the Kingdom of the [email protected]+552121575403Av. Ataulfo de Paiva, 204 – 6º andar – Leblon | CEP 22440-033 | Rio de Janeiro – RJ | Brazil

Mr. Arie Plieger Deputy Consul-GeneralConsulate General of the Kingdom of the [email protected]+552121575405Av. Ataulfo de Paiva 204 |6º andar |Leblon | CEP 22440-033 | Rio de Janeiro – RJ | Brazil

Program Proposal44.


ANNEX I TABLE 1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECTS

Theme Project Organization(s) Short, medium & long term7 1 Governance Technical assistance, enforcement and compliance,

regional cooperationLocal/regional governments, INECE. Dutch Ministry of the Environment

Middle & long term

2 Governance Shared vision approach, Green Procurement (e.g. cash for trash) Rebel Group Middle & long term3 Awareness & Education Education tools for public awareness & co-responsibility

about circular economy in BrazilMARLISCO/ ABLM/ WWF-Brasil/Projeto Grael/Projeto Ilhas de Rio/Comlurb

Long term

4 Awareness & Education Vocational training to ensure good operations CEW-CIV Middle & long term5 Monitoring & Evaluation Clean Bay support services: Monitoring, modeling

and evaluation (upgrade existing system)Deltares Short, medium & long term

6 Monitoring & Evaluation Water Observer: empowering people for monitoring Materia Brasil/Floating Horizon Short & medium term7 Clean up Waste catch systems TAUW/DowChemical/TenCate Short & medium term8 Clean up Plastic Fisher Investments in Sustainable Innovations (ISI) /

SK InternationalShort & medium term

9 Clean up Waste Harvester eco-boats Royal IHC Short & medium term10 Waste water Restoration Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Arcadis/Ooze Architects/Royal

HaskoningDHVShort, medium & long term

11 Waste water Constructed Wetlands applied in Maré CIEP-school Ooze Architects Medium & long term12 Water recycling Tijuca Rio Carioca Park WWF, Ooze Architects, Arcadis Medium & long term13 Waste water Mobile (temporary) water treatment plants Arcadis Short & medium term14 Waste water Waste water treatment plants with Nereda® technology

(alternative: the Paques BIOPAQ®UBOX)Royal HaskoningDHV/WaternetPaques

Long term

15 Solid Waste Bio waste: from compost to bio refinery Comlurb/DWM Long term16 Solid Waste Increasing recycling rates informal sector Pangea/WASTE/WFO Medium & long term17 Solid Waste Hospital Waste and waste water disposal/recycling Comlurb/Pharmafilter/Waternet Medium & long term18 Solid Waste Maré Maker Hub Materia Brasil/ Investments in Sustainable

Innovations/ Floating Horizon/Favela Observatory/ Maré Networks

Medium & long term

19 Solid Waste Designing new products using recycled materials WWF Brasil/Plastic Soup Foundation/ Investments in Sustainable Innovations

Medium & long term

20 Solid Waste Creating market pull, using old fishing nets for carpets Interface/Aquafil/ZSL/WFO Medium & long term

*Short, medium, long term: Project will have an impact within three months after contracts signed (short term), within a year (medium term), or after (long term).

Program Proposal46.

ANNEX IIFINANCING PARTNERS

Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES)The Brazilian Development Bank is the main financing agent for development in Brazil. Since its foundation, in 1952, the BNDES has played a fundamental role in stimulating the expansion of industry and infrastructure in the country. Over the course of the Bank’s history, its operations have evolved in accordance with the Brazilian socio-economic challenges, and now they include sup-port for exports, technological innovation, sustainable socio-environmental development and the moderniza-tion of public administration. The BNDES offers several financial support mechanisms to Brazilian companies of all sizes as well as public administration entities, enabling investments in all economic sectors. In any supported un-dertaking, from the analysis phase up to the monitoring, the BNDES emphasizes three factors it considers stra-tegic: innovation, local development and socio-environ-mental development.

Dutch Development Bank (FMO)For the last 45 years, FMO has been investing in the pri-vate sector in developing countries and emerging mar-kets. With an investment portfolio of EUR 8.0 billion, FMO is one of the largest bilateral private sector devel-opment banks. We believe in a world in 2050 where nine billion people can live well and within the boundaries of the planet. In pursuit of this vision, our mission is to em-


power entrepreneurs to build a better world. We have set ourselves the goal to double the number of jobs support-ed and double the avoided greenhouse gas emissions through the finance we provide. We have investments in more than 85 countries, offering our clients a variety of financial products, as well as expertise and access to our networks. Our investments are mainly focused in three key sectors: Financial Institutions, Energy, Agribusiness, Infrastructure, Manufacturing and Services sectors. FMO is active in Asia Pacific, Africa, Eastern Europe & Central Asia and Latin America & the Caribbean. Per 31 Decem-ber 2014, the total committed portfolio is EUR 8bln, of which EUR 978mln.

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)We work to improve lives in Latin America and the Carib-bean. Through financial and technical support for coun-tries working to reduce poverty and inequality, we help improve health and education, and advance infrastruc-ture. Our aim is to achieve development in a sustainable, climate-friendly way. With a history dating back to 1959, today we are the leading source of development financ-ing for Latin America and the Caribbean. We provide loans, grants, and technical assistance; and we conduct extensive research. We maintain a strong commitment to achieving measurable results and the highest standards of increased integrity, transparency, and accountability.

World Bank (WB)The World Bank is a vital source of financial and techni-cal assistance to developing countries around the world. We are not a bank in the ordinary sense but a unique partnership to reduce poverty and support development. The World Bank Group comprises five institutions man-aged by their member countries. Established in 1944, the World Bank Group is headquartered in Washington, D.C. We have more than 10,000 employees in more than 120 offices worldwide. We provide low-interest loans, zero to low-interest credits, and grants to developing countries. These support a wide array of investments in such areas as education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource management. Some of the projects are co financed with governments, other multilateral institutions, commercial banks, export credit agencies, and private sector investors.

48.Program Proposal

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50.Program Proposal

2.KEEPING GUANABARA

URBAN DELTA CLEAN


This proposal is a combined proposal from the ministry of Infrastructure and Environment and RebelGroup Execu-tives, focusing on the governance issues for a long-term solution in solid waste management for the Guanabara delta area.

Suggestion for the Clean Delta Approach Stakehold-er involvement in the process can only be achieved by the creation of incentives (financial and non-financial) that thrive these stakeholders to desired behaviour. Without these incentives, the natural behaviour of stakeholders in the process is cherry picking and there-fore only the valuables are recycled and taken from the waste stream. This is mainly done by the informal sec-tor. The formal sector is left with the non-valuables causing the environmental and organisational problems. For the non-valuables in the waste system, besides the enforcement, a scheme of tax and subsidies can support the system, creating an economical incentive and full cost recovery.

ScopeValue creation, by introduction of more efficient systems in collection and recycling, or by introduction of a tax and subsidy scheme should be achieved by public and private involvement, including the involvement of the informal (organised and not organised) sector. The way to approach this is a 3 phase approach as shown in the figure on page 57.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachConditional for this 3 phase approach is a well organised governance. We propose platform for the Bay Area, with the Rio governorate and municipalities on board (with advisory membership of NGO’s) with the following main tasks:• Organizingwastemanagementataregionallevel

(municipalcooperation)• Capacitybuildingforlocalofficials(information

centre)• Stimulatinginitiativesforsustainabledevelopment.• Communicationwiththepublicandsectorstake-

holders

We can support the development of this platform and the development in all four tracks, based on experience in The Netherlands as well as from similar project in oth-er countries. In The Netherlands a Waste Management Council was established (in 1990) to solve numerous problems that existed at that time (rapid growing waste volumes, lack of disposal capacity, low recycling rates, lack of cooperation between the three tiers of govern-ment, lack of data). The three tiers of Government (State, Provincial and Municipal), with NGO’s and Industry as advisory member cooperated in a consultative way and managed to draw up a joint and effective waste manage-ment policy leading to the present leading position of the Netherlands in Europe.

TRACK 1: Building Sector Foundations

Governance, Planningand Sector Efficiency

Financial Systems, Sustainability andPerformance-BasedSupport

Promotion of LocalBusiness

Collection and Cleaning

TRACK 2: Infrastructure (public & private investment)

Transfer and Sorting

Collection and Cleaning

Recycling

TRACK 3: Capacity Building and Technical Assistance

Technical Assistance for Planning and Project Preparation of Governorate SWM Projects

Capacity Building for MSWM Better Management by Governorates including PSP Contacts

Initiatives for Public Awareness-Raising and Communication

Program Proposal52.


Unique selling point(s)The Netherlands is leading in waste management in Europe and has a broad experience in governance of a public and private driven waste market and the effects of legislation and financial incentives. Also in the organ-isation of EPR schemes. This experience can be used in the organisation of a good solid and sustainable waste management system in the Guanabara delta area.

Some key figures on the Dutch waste management market• 60Mt/atotalwasteproduction – 9Mt/aMSW• 1.5Mt/acomposted• 3,5Mt/arecycled• 4Mt/aincinerated• recoveryrates: – wastetotal:80% – MSW:60%ambition=75%in2020

andzerowasteasahorizon• Totallandfill:4%• Totalincinerated(W2E):16%

Cost and added value estimation:The future costs of the environmental damage caused by a non-functioning waste management system on the other hand are enormous. Basis for a functioning waste management system is value creation in the short term and avoiding costs for next generations. We are con-vinced that based on a solid waste management, short term value can be created out of the market value of the resources, jobs can be created and major future saving can be achieved.

Similar types of projects Two similar projects are given as example. Please also find the project reference list in Annex 1.

National Strategy for Public Private Partnerships in the Solid Waste Management Sector of Egypt

Efforts by the Government of Egypt to introduce private sector participations in waste management financing and operations have thus far had mixed success. The World Bank has appointed RebelGroup and DHV to identify how private sector involvement and financing in the solid waste management sector can be enhanced, and to develop a national Strategic Plan to improve PPP. Services included assessment of the sector framework for PPP, structuring and procurement of current contracts and compliance regulation, detailed case studies for several governorates, regional benchmarking of PSP in waste management, and preparation of a National Strategic Plan.

Partner of “Afval Loont”cash for trash

Rebel is partner of “Afval Loont”, a cash for trash project. Afval Loont is an innovative collection method for separated municipal solid waste. People receive an amount of money per kilogram of waste that is separately handed in at a Afval Loont branch office. Objectives of Afval loont are: transform waste into a valuable resource, make people aware of the value of waste, reward people for separately handing in municipal solid waste and reuse of recyclables instead of incineration of all waste. Afval Loont has currently two branch offices in the Netherlands.

ACTIVITY PLAN

Phase 01 (until 08.2015)Target: Field mission and initial plan:• onlocalsolidwastemanagementmarketandparties

involved,roleandpositionofstakeholders(publicandprivate)

54.Program Proposal

• contactstakeholdersandinitialdiscussionswithgovernorates,municipalitiesandprivateand informalsector

• Inventoryofcurrentwastemanagementsystem oncollection,recyclingandtreatment

• Factsonmarket,collectioncosts,valueof recyclables,treatmentcosts…

• productionofareportonactualsituation andsuggestionsforthewayforward

Planning: • 1fieldmissiontotheregion• Togetherwithgovernorates,productionofavision

onfutureSWMandtheorganisationalstructure• Productionofareportonfindingsandproposalsfor

futuredevelopment• Organisationofaseminarforstakeholders,

presentingfutureplans

Phase 02 (until 08.2016)Target: Building a vision and consensus together with SWM stakeholders on the way forwardMaking base for infrastructure building

Planning: • Supportingthegovernoratesinbuildingthe

SWMplatform• 2localmissionsandrepresentationatplatform

meetings• Adviceonorganisation,communicationandpublic

sectorinvolvement• Publicinvolvementandparticipation

• Adviceoninfrastructurebuilding,organisation,financing

• Adviceoncapacitybuildingandproject development

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)Target: Capacity building and technical advice (based on outcome phase 1 and 2)

Planning: • Privatesectorinvolvement• Projectplanning• Financing,legal

Phase 2 and 3 can be defined more specifically after the performance of phase 1. Cost estimation therefore only covers the first phase of the proposal. The estimated costs are based on the full cooperation of local parties and the availability of all data needed to perform the pro-posed first phase.

ANNEX ECONOMICAL CALCULATION COMPANY PROFILE

RebelGroup is driven by value creation:Rebel comprises a passionate group of entrepreneurs driven by a common vision of independent, content-led thought and value creation in projects and policies relat-ed to complex and large scale infrastructure and public services delivery. We work at the public-private interface


in key public investment projects and services. Rebel is specialised in strategy, financial and economic issues in large public investment projects, at the interface of the public and private sectors. We are field leaders in financ-ing and transaction advice for Value-for-Money pub-lic-private partnerships. We apply our expertise across a wide range of infrastructure and service sectors. RebelGroup Executives BV is a subsidiary of RebelGroup and is leading in the Dutch and Belgium waste & recy-cling sector. We thrive on complex strategic issues and pave the way for innovation. We have insight in success-ful technological developments, policies and financing schemes from the Dutch market.

We advise, invest and implement projects, using our waste & recycling expertise in combination with:• Financialmodelling• Projectfinanceandinvestments• Public-PrivatePartnerships,concessionsand

performancecontracts• Institutionalandorganizationaladvice• Procurement,tender/bidsupportandtransaction

advice• Weprovideourclientsinthewaste&recyclingsec-

torwithexperienceandlessonsfromothersectors,forcontinuousinnovation

Our expertise helps clients perform better. We help them with:• Processmanagementandassessmentofimpactof

recyclinginitiatives• Feasibilitystudiesofwaste&recyclingprojects,

usingadvancedfinancialmodellingtechniquestodevelopstate-of-the-artbusinesscases

• Arrangingfinancingforprojectsandsupportingstrategicinvestmentdecisions

• Structuringandoptimizinginnovativecooperationmodelsbetweenthepublicandprivatesector

• Policymakingandassessmentsofsectorperfor-mance

• RebelGroupishomebasedinRotterdam,withsub-sidiariesinAntwerp(Belgium),WashingtonDC(US),Johannesburg(SA)andManila(Philippines).

Contact: Anne Booy Email: [email protected]; Telephone: +31 6 54 700 108

mailto:[email protected]

56.Program Proposal

ECONOMICAL CALCULATION

Time Costs TotalProject leader 1 Project leader 2 travel DSA other

Rate € 1,400 € 1,400 € 1,800 € 225factfindingpreparation 3 € 4,200 € 4,200 € 8,400mission 5 € 7,000 € 7,000 € 3,600 € 2,250 € 19,850communication 2 € 2,800 € 2,800 € 5,600data processing 5 € 7,000 € 7,000 € 14,000reporting 12 € 16,800 € 16,800 € 33,600

seminairpreparation 5 € 7,000 € 7,000 € 14,000mission 5 € 7,000 € 7,000 € 3,600 € 2,250 € 2,500 € 22,350processing 5 € 7,000 € 7,000 € 14,000reporting and advice 5 € 7,000 € 7,000 € 14,000

Total € 145,800

Governorates

PrivateSector

NationalGovernment

Wasteproducers

InformalSector

MSWM


58.Program Proposal

AWAR

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60.Program Proposal

3.EDUCATION TOOLS FOR AWARENESS &

CO-RESPONSIBILITY


ScopePrevent waste emission through awareness and education. Support entities like e.g. RIO2016, COMLURB, WWF et.al. to improve and build a strong education program aiming at responsible people behavior and litter prevention.

Use/provide existing education and awareness raising tools created within EU FP7 funded project MARLIS-CO, which addresses the consequences of waste in the environment and provide guidance to actors to achieve responsible personal behaviour and support the adoption of those tools for local needs, language, programs.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachThe European Project MARLISCO has developed a se-ries of tools, materials and approaches to engage and inform stakeholders, the general public and youngsters about the problem of marine litter and the broader issue of generation and management of solid waste. The tools and approaches include:

• An exhibition to inform the general public and raise awareness on the sources, social-economic impacts of solid waste that ends up in the marine environ-ment and potential solutions for the general public; it includes a design concept, which can be set up indoors and outdoors, and easily transported to dif-ferent locations. The building of the exhibition can be done at low cost, involving e.g. volunteers and (re) using recovered (e.g. oil barrels) and recycled materials;

• An educational pack, consisting of 17 activities, examining the characteristics, sources, effects and possible ways to tackle the problem, addressing it from an environmental, societal, cultural and eco-nomic point of view. It has been designed to serve middle school level (10-15 years old) but can be used also by educators outside the formal schooling system (e.g. museum);

• The concept of a Video Contest for students, which was implemented in Europe and proved to be very effective in engaging youngsters to learn about the issue. Furthermore, the videos can be used as out-reach tools to a wider audience;

• An online training course for teachers and educa-tors about the topic and how to communicate it;

62.Program Proposal

• A Serious Game, where youngsters will learn (by doing) about responsible behaviours of characters from different sectors in a fun, attractive and engag-ing way;

• A participatory approach to engage key stakehold-ers in a Forum and help defining a more sustainable vision, with discussion and prioritisation of potential measures and actions to prevent and mitigate ma-rine litter.

Since all of these tools and activities have been imple-mented in Portugal, they exist in Portuguese and can, therefore, be easily adjusted to Portuguese-Brazilian and adapted to the Brazilian reality and public.

In Portugal, the additional activities have been developed and implemented:• Asimpleeducationalboardgameforchildrenabout

sourcesofdifferentitemsoflitterandthetimesofdegradationinthesea(canbeused,e.g.onthebeach,duringawarenesscampaigns);

• Acontestofsongsforkindergartenchildren;• Acontestoftalesforschools,whichselectionwas

compiledandpublished

Unique selling proposition/point(s)To achieve responsible people behaviour e.g via informa-tion of general public and education at schools or/and during sports is a great opportunity, while essential and effective way to reduce litter in the long term and to cre-ate conscious sustainable consumption in a city.The tools generated by the MARLISCO consortium pro-vide various helpful building blocks. As all of the tools and

materials exist in Portuguese they can be easily adjusted to Brazilian and possibly adapted to the Brazilian reality and specific contexts. All of these materials and activities have been tested and successfully implemented in up to 15 European coun-tries.

Cost and added value estimationBusiness as usual cost exampleThe estimation about the actual cost for education to-day having an effect to responsible people behaviour is beyond our knowledge at this stage. The factors defining the impact of wasted materials like plastics to the living


63.

quality in the city, tourism quality, risk to animal health and the loss of material out of the recycling stream are also plenty. Several international reports exist providing num-bers about annual cost per kilometer of cleaned beaches (e.g. total annual costs in the Netherlands ascend to €10 Million, source: KIMO, 2010). The cost for the cleaning of beaches and schools in Rio might be possible to gather as those areas are controlled areas and as both areas have sufficient collection system in place. Also we would like to refer to the presentation by COMLURB providing various costs for their services like street cleaning.

Business new cost exampleEvery not littered piece will reduce service costs for the municipality, reduce taxes and will increase qualitative and quantitative increased living standard already due to increased aesthetics and hygienity. Furthermore, a con-siderable part of solid waste generated, if collected ade-quately, has a varying value and can re-enter the stream of new materials and items, through recycling.Dedicated education & awareness play a significant role and act hand in hand with the creation and improvement of a sound waste collection and management system like shown by COMLURB.It is therefore a crucial element to support infrastructure investments and services as it increases its effectiveness and reduces personnel costs significant and reduces the need for cleaning actions.

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/6938Yangzhou%20-%20A%20GEST%C3%83O%20SUSTENT%C3%81VEL%20DE%20RES%C3%8DDUOS%20NA%20CIDADE%20DO%20RIO-english.pdf

64.Program Proposal

BUDGET ESTIMATION Modification, translation and implementation support costs of some of the MARLISCO tools (in Euros)

Cost (€)Exhibition material 11300Language adjustment (10 boards) 21002 new boards text & design (e.g. Guanabara Bay, local context) 4200Printing 12 boards 1900Other materials (e.g. paint, barrels, transport, etc) 1000Support coordination of building and setting-up 2100Every other replica 5000

Educational Pack 10950Language adjustment (~100 pages) 4200Design adjustment 1050Printing (1000 copies) 5700Every other edition (1000) 5700

Serious Game 15300Language adjustment (~20 pages) 2100Language integration (inc. Test and upload) - MediaTools 4700Developing another character adapted to local context 3500New character (programming, graphics, etc) - MediaTools 5000

Video Contest 6300Support Coordination, organisation and promotion 4900Adjustment Rules & Conditions 1400


Online training course for educators (in English) 4000Preparing, promotion, implementation (in English/MIO-ECSDE) 3500Online platform 500

Online training course for educators (in Portuguese) 13000Adjustment contents in PT 5600Online platform 3400Promotion and Implementation 4000Every other edition (100 participants) 4000

What/ how will the value chain look likeDuring the first fact finding mission, meetings were held with Rio2016 sustainability team and INEA. Further po-tentially relevant entities are the Brazilian Marine Litter Association (ABLM), WWF Brasil & Netherlands, Projeto Ilhas Do Rio, Projeto Grael, COMLURB. Further relevant entity to implement programs in schools is the Depart-ment of Education in Rio de Janeiro and other NGOs that are working directly with the local communities. The Ex-hibition could be of interest to Projeto Grael as they want to create an environmental exhibition around Marina da Gloria during the Olympic Games.

Short term: the material can be transformed via RIO2016 and used by local entities like NGOs, municipality like COMLURB. RIO2016 showed interest in the Serious Game and will consider its adaptation to the local context.

Long term: material-adopter and service provider can be COMLURB, several NGOs with different focus (marine

vs. on land actions) and Rio`s department for education and related schools.

Realized projects (success stories)● Compilation/TeaseroftheVideoContestimple-

mentedinEurope(2013-2014),showcasingthebestvideofrom14Europeancountries:http://www.marlisco.eu/video-contest.en.html

● Winnersofthe2categoriesinPortugal: ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YLka0Qr-

jCM ○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ktE3Yg-

V12A● EducationalPackinEnglish:http://www.marlisco.

eu/education.en.html ● ExhibitionboardsandexamplesinEUcountries:

http://www.marlisco.eu/exhibition.nl.html

http://maradentro.org.br/ilhasrj/

http://maradentro.org.br/ilhasrj/

http://www.marlisco.eu/video-contest.en.html

http://www.marlisco.eu/video-contest.en.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YLka0QrjCM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YLka0QrjCM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ktE3YgV12A

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ktE3YgV12A

http://www.marlisco.eu/education.en.html

http://www.marlisco.eu/education.en.html

http://www.marlisco.eu/exhibition.nl.html

66.Program Proposal

● FacebookpageofMARLISCOinPortugal,describingmainactivitiescarriedinPortugal:https://www.facebook.com/MarliscoPortugalMARLISCOiscurrentlyaprojectofreferenceintermsofsocialengagementregardingthetopicofmarinelitterandwastemanagementinEurope.

ACTIVITY PLAN

Phase 01 (until 08.2015)Phase 01 until 08.2015 (defining and matching the right partners in Brazil and Europe and create adoptions plans for the different tools): To support change on a relevant scale. A long term integration via persistent partner and own key interest and a broad use e.g. via several entities is important to achieve a relevant impact. As the tools do exist but as adoption is needed but flexible to the Bra-zilian counterparts identifying and consulting them with own learnings is key. Together with RIO2016 potential future partners and a time plan need to be fixed.

Phase 02 (until 08.2016)Phase 02 until the Olympics: The full defined set will be adopted and implemented in close relations between RIO2016, the Brazilian implementers and later users with support of the MARLISCO counterpart, in case certain adoption services can/need to be handled by the MARL-ISCO team to save cost.

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)Target: Concerted education focusing on schools and recreation areas, switch from the various campaign mod-ules to an integrated education plan involving various stakeholders (municipality, NGOs, schools) across the city.Actions: • ReviewtheresultsoftheperiodduringtheOlympics,

adjustthematerialifneededandfurtheradoptforlateruse.Decisiononwhichelementstokeeporincertaincasestofindnewpartnersfor.Developmentoffinalizationprocessandhandovertoe.g.Com-lurb,localNGOs,etc.Launchofmonitoringprocesstokeeptrackrecording.

• Apilotininvestinginto1additionalhourofedu-cationpermonthforallpupilsperhapsinacertainareamightprovideagoodtestcaselikethosesuc-cessstoriesalreadyshownbyCOMLURBinthefieldofwastecollection.

• ApilotconcentratingonkeybeacheslikeIpanema,provisionofsmallincentivesfortouristslikespecial(nonexpensivebutfun)services

https://www.facebook.com/MarliscoPortugal

https://www.facebook.com/MarliscoPortugal


ANNEX ABOUT - MARLISCO

MARLISCO - MARine LItter in European Seas: Social AwarenesS and CO-Responsibility (May 2012 - May 2015), is a 7th Framework Programme project, co-fi-nanced by the European Union.

MARLISCO’ s overarching goal is to raise public aware-ness, facilitate dialogue and promote co-responsibility among the different actors towards a joint vision for the sustainable management of marine litter across all Euro-pean seas.To achieve this goal innovative mechanisms and tools were developed and deployed, MARLISCO aims to effec-tively engage, inform and empower society, reaching the widest possible audience.

Until the mid of 2015, 20 partners organise activities across 15 European countries with the aim to provide a series of mechanisms to engage and empower key stake-holders and awareness activities which will be tailored appropriately to the targeting sector.The project has received funding from the European

Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no [289042].

Potentially future relevant consortium partners are

Coastal & Marine Union (EUCC), NetherlandsEUCC’s mission is to promote coastal and marine man-agement that integrates biodiversity conservation with those forms of development that sustain the integrity of landscapes, the cultural heritage and the social fabric of our coast. ...Read more

Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal (FCT UNL) FCT NL is one of most prestigious public school of engi-neering and science in Portugal. The FCT UNL promotes scientific research, training and consulting ...Read more

MediaTools, France MediaTools is a digital text, graphic and multimedia agen-cy, developing websites and other multimedia produc-tions, specialized in “edutainment” and scientific commu-nication.

http://www.marlisco.eu/partners/language/en/articles/eucc.html

http://www.marlisco.eu/partners/language/en/articles/foundation-of-faculty-of-sciences-and-technology-of-new-university-of-lisbon-portugal.html

68.Program Proposal

4.EDUCATIONAL AND

MONITORING SUPPORT


SUGGESTION FOR THE CLEAN URBAN DELTA APPROACH

ScopeThe Centre of Expertise Water Technology (CEW) and the Centre for Innovative Skills (CIV) have both a broad expe-rience and network regarding, especially, the involvement of students and professionals (teachers, lectors and en-gineers) in the area of water technology at WO, Applied University (CEW) and Vocational Education (CIV) level. Such involvement would guarantee the involvement of education in the process, which can be seen as a medium to long-term investment in maintenance and local human capital for both countries.

The main intention is to help Brazilian knowledge insti-tutes in Rio de Janeiro (universities and technical schools) preparing students and technicians to work with the pro-posed Dutch technologies and develop in co-creation further innovative technologies and skills.A proper translation between technological application and human capital is undoubtedly important in projects of that scope. A combination between the knowledge and infra-structure available within the Water Campus about the proposed technologies with the local (Brazil-ian) knowledge about human and infra-structure capa-bilities locally, would provide an ideal synergy to support the execution, maintenance, monitoring and long term operation of the actions.Lastly, the lack of innovative and up-to-date technolo-gies (setup, reactors, etc.) in Brazilian technical institutes,

conversely to what is seen in the Water Campus struc-ture, also pose an interesting reason for such coopera-tion. Preparing training courses and oriented instructions to both Brazilian students and professionals using the Water Campus structure would provide a unique oppor-tunity to a hands-on experience with most of the pro-posed techniques.

In this report an initial proposal will be presented re-garding which actions can be offered and executed by the two above-mentioned expertise centers with the in-volvement of different Institutes, e.g. NHL and VHL Uni-versities of Applied Sciences, and MBO institutes, Noor-dwin and Friesland College (= the Group).

PROPOSED ACTIONS

The following sections are an explanation of the proposed actions. The group proposes three different actions, i.e. data/info collection, training and local monitoring. A brief explanation of the actions and an initial financial indica-tion is presented in sequence.

Phase 01 – Data and info collectionThe main objective of this phase is to gather information with both Brazilian (especially local universities and tech-nical (HBO) institutes) and Dutch partners about strategic demands. The information from the Dutch partners depends on which systems will be approved of, which, consequently, will provide a better input about which specific expertise

70.Program Proposal

has to be worked out during the training phase (phase 2) and taken care of during the monitoring phase (phase 3). The information necessary from the Brazilian partners is mainly concerned ‘Capacity Building’ and a more trans-versal (Brazil – The Netherlands) cooperation in the edu-cational level. When considered that the presented pro-posal aims (basically) at supporting the Brazilian partners creating local expertise (medium to long term action), the involvement of local knowledge’s institutes has to be seen as a priority. So far the group has collected informa-tion about the current higher-level education system in Rio de Janeiro and it has been noticed that at least two renowned institutes can be involved, e.g.:• thesanitationdepartmentoftheStateUniversity

ofRiodeJaneiro(UniversidadeEstadualdoRiodeJaneiro,UERJ)and

• theFederalInstituteofTechnologyInstitutoFederaldeEducaçãoCiênciaeTecnologiadoRiodeJaneiro,IFRJ).

This phase will basically comprise meetings with knowl-edge and other governmental institute in Rio de Janeiro (2 weeks) and meeting with the Dutch partners (2weeks).

Phase 02 – Technical training, exchange student programs and professional trainingAfter finalization of the first phase, the group will be able to prepare a tailor-made training at the WaterCampus. The intention of this phase is to organize the training in two levels:• AspecifictrainingforBrazilianandDutchstudents• AnothertrainingforBrazilianprofessionals(profes-

sorsfrombothmentionedinstitutesandengineers).

TRAINING (EXCHANGE PROGRAM) FOR THE STUDENTS For the students the training can be organized using the Water Technology Certificate program offered by both NHL and VHL Universities of Applied Sciences. In this program the students will follow courses related to water technology, e.g. waste water treatment, advanced water treatment, toxicology, etc., and also follow practical courses. The certificate will be re-modelled using specific demands from the Guanabara Bay project as possible suggestion to train the students regarding the specific aspects of the project. Additionally, the practical parts will be also re-modelled to also comprise the most important Dutch technologies/actions, which will be offered by the consortium.

The Water Campus structure (business/educational con-glomerate were CEW and CIV have there domiciles) al-ready has experience and partnership with many of the companies inside the consortia. Additionally, a good ex-ecution of the first phase would also guarantee the nec-essary synergy.

The training will be organized for a combined group of Brazilian and Dutch students and will be taken care for six months. The training period would be ideal, just right before the installation and functioning of the proposed technologies. The intention is to prepare the students to actively participate in the installation/operation phase and equip them with necessary information and technical


skills to conduct the monitoring of the different actions of the project, e.g. monitoring and analysing the quality of the water both in the Guanabara Bay and in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, monitoring the efficiency/functioning of installed systems, quantifying the impact of the pro-posed measures.

Our group has already a more than 3 years’ experience with Brazilian students who come yearly to attend the Water Technology Certificate program from (mostly) Uni-versidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) and other universities around the country. This program was made possible due to a formal cooperation between the universities (The Branetec program). Such experience will be essential to guarantee the selected Brazilian students will have an ad-equate and productive experience.

The proposal is meant for a group of (up to) 12 Brazilian students from both UERJ and IFRJ. Eventually, students from universities, which are already partners of CEW (UFV, USP, UFC), could also be invited as an alternative to avoid possible struggle with the characteristic time stress of the project. The level (and origin) of the stu-dents will dictate whether they will be oriented to follow a more Vocational oriented course or an Applied Science oriented course. In both cases, the students will be fol-lowing the practical courses and courses together with Dutch students.

TRAINING OF (BRAZILIAN) PROFESSIONALS The training of professionals is seen as an investment in local capacity. It will be oriented to professors of the above mentioned knowledge institutes as well as to engineers and professionals from local companies. The training/course could be organized for a total period of 2 weeks and will take place at the Water Campus, in Leeuwarden. The modules will be specially prepared coupling the technologies and systems proposed by the consortia as well as water quality, system functioning and monitoring practical courses and technical visits to real scale systems. The intention is to prepare the professionals to actively work in the actions but also to create a medium to long-term capacity, which will provide the state of Rio to generate specialized knowledge in the water technology area.

Phase 03 – Monitoring, in situ activitiesThis phase is the more practical phase of the proposal. Its main intention is to provide specialized and oriented expertise to support the group monitoring and evaluating the suggested actions.It is proposed for a total period of 20 weeks and it has to be planned for a period immediately before most of the proposed systems/actions will be installed and ready.This phase is proposed (initially) with two main objec-tives, which are: monitoring the (physical chemical and microbiological) quality of the water bodies, monitoring

72.Program Proposal

and support the operation of installed water technology systems.The activities will be performed by a group of internship students selected form the second phase. After the train-ing period, a selection of the best students (both from Brazil and The Netherlands) will be made to compose a group, which will be sent to Rio de Janeiro for the mon-itoring period (phase 3). The proposal is strictly depend-ing on the number of actions which will be suggested by the consortium, but, to facilitate the financial structure proposed in this report, it is initially suggested a group of 8 students (Brazilian and Dutch). The students will come for a total period of 20 weeks (internship period) and will be designated to the different actions/groups in Rio. The monitoring will be performed with a combined in situ analysis using portable kits and laboratory analysis (provided by the technical institutes/local laboratories). After the period a complete report of the monitoring ac-tivities will be prepared and presented to the consortium, which can be used as impact/performance indication in the final report.

A more long term monitoring (specially for the water bod-ies) is strongly advised to build up consistent data about the progresses and impacts of the proposed actions. Ide-ally, however, such follow up has to be performed by the local institutes using the capacity built by the group. Ex-tended and complementary training is, however, always advisable. Therefore it is proposed that for a period of 4 extra years a group of Dutch experts will visit the insti-tutes twice a year for training purposes.

As previously mentioned, the field research is conducted in order to support monitoring the impacts of the pro-posed actions as well as to specialized knowledge. Most of the actions compose basically physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of the water. The group will pro-vide portable kits, which can be used to measure the pa-rameters listed in the appendix I. Nevertheless, additional tests, which can be performed by local laboratories, are advisable. The test can be used as duplicate but are also done to guarantee a more active participation of the local knowledge institutes.


73.

(PROPOSED) CHRONOGRAMTable 1: Proposed chronogram of activities

Phas

es

Activity Year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4

Months

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Phas

e I Phase I Brazilian Partners x

Phase I Dutch Partners x

Phas

e II

Phase II Students Training

Selection of students and visa period x x

Reception of students x

Adaption period x

Courses and practical training x x x x x x

Selection of professionals x

Course period x x

Phas

e III

Phase III Monitoring

Selection of students x

Housing and instalation preparation x

Adaptation period x

Basic portuguese course x

Monitoring period x x x x x

Final report x x

Visit from dutsch specialists x x

Following monitoring period x x x

74.Program Proposal

INVESTMENTS

Specialist 2 weeks brazil 2 weeks the netherlands CostsWater technology specialist 80 hours 80 hours 12000Education specialist 80 hours 80 hours 12000

costsFlight ticket € 2.200,00 Hotel € 3.000,00 Costs specialists € 24.000,00 Extra € 3.000,00 Total € 32.200,00

Clean Urban Delta Initiative Rio de Janeiro75.

76.Program Proposal

MO

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&

EVA

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5.CLEAN BAY SUPPORT SERVICES:

MONITORING, MODELLING AND EVALUATION

78.Program Proposal


MONITORING, MODELLING AND EVALUATION SERVICE FOR THE GUANABARA BAY COMPLETE ECOSYSTEM

ScopeGuanabara Bay has an important function for nature as well as for humans. At the moment, the system is not functioning in an optimal manner, leading to issues, main-ly with water quality.The quality improvement and increase in sustainability of Guanabara Bay as a result of the Clean Delta Approach must be measurable. The monitoring and modelling sys-tem proposed for Guanabara Bay will provide an analysis of the initial state of the entire ecosystem (state 0) and subsequently decision-support information needed for evaluation of progress throughout the coming years.

The services proposed here will include an integrated strategy on monitoring, a detailed modelling system and a set of recommended indicators to allow local and regional managers to steer infrastructure and other investments in the best, sustainable direction. It is a long-term effort comprised of several short- and medium-term activities.

The monitoring strategy will be based on the mod-el-based monitoring approach, which integrates mea-surements and model simulations for high quality in-formation supply. This approach is well-known in many areas of modern earth observation systems.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approach

Short term – between May and August 2015:Continue and enhance local use of the modelling sys-tem developed and implemented for SEA. Expand system functionalities and improve by including new data, em-phasis on solid waste floating on the Bay. Work together with local institutions (INEA, universities, more proactive ‘Prefeituras’), to prepare integral monitoring strategy and evaluation approach.

Medium term – between August 2015 and August 2016:Develop long-term monitoring strategy and evaluation approach, and coordinate its implementation. Enhance the modelling system with additional water quality mod-elling (sewage discharged into the Bay, oil spill modelling) and more extended monitoring, in order to give authori-ties better insight in the water quality state of the bay and detect potential risk for human activities and for other natural life. Produce first evaluation of mitigation mea-sures taken, based on the specific set of relevant indi-cators previously defined. Advance on capacity-building and technology-transfer, engaging regional stakeholders.

Long term – coming years after August 2016:A number of indicators could be used to monitor the wa-ter quality and status of the plastic pollution, but also the occurrence of anoxic events, or the presence of certain species that are sensitive to pollution. The aim of such a monitoring program is not only to reach environmental targets, but also about seeing a trend of improvement

80.Program Proposal

in time, namely in terms of the contaminated sediments. Contaminants in sediments represent longer time-scales than those dissolved in the water. Our models can sup-port this by calculating the effect of certain measures and we can guide the monitoring process in connection with the modelling system.

Specific measures on how to improve the environmental health can be developed through the use of the services that the ecosystem provides, thereby also creating op-portunities for the local community.

Unique selling point(s) The monitoring and evaluation approach combines high value functionality for daily support of operators and re-sponsible authorities, while building up the central infor-mation base for long term evaluation and governance to-wards a healthy and sustainable ecosystem in Guanabara Bay. Innovative sensor techniques, combined with model based information, is building the base for a high-quali-ty information level, comparable to highest standards of European or other international governance directives for water quality.

The major long-term goal of having a cleaner, healthier, more enjoyable Guanabara Bay will depend on several measures: short-term (e.g. dealing with removal of float-ing litter from the Bay, and taking advantage of recycling value), medium-term (e.g. improving sewage treatment and how/where to discharge it to the Bay) and long-term (e.g. dealing with contaminated sediments, i.e. by different management of mangrove forests). The approach sup-

ports all of these phases and well-guides cost effective decision making on which measure to take when. Deltares has a large experience in dealing with issues of pollution, both in terms of plastics, but also in terms of monitoring and modelling water quality in general. Del-tares has carried out several projects in an international setting using an integral, multi-disciplinary approach. We combine our academic knowledge with international ex-perience in projects where system robustness is required. Deltares has already implemented two modelling systems in Guanabara Bay. In projects funded by Dutch and Euro-pean Union research funds, as well as for larger interna-tional clients, Deltares has worked to develop advanced new sensors to fit the environmental issue needing atten-tion (e.g. several types of cameras connected real-time to operational systems). Our open source software for modelling and data-model integration is world leading and highly appreciated by a large community of research-ers and clients.

Added value:The added value of the concept is the increasing body of information on the system state of the Guanabara Bay. Collected information and monitoring on relevant indica-tors will help future decision processes on measures to be taken to be more efficient and cost-effective and will thus support governance of the area.


Cost and added value estimation:

Example: Business as usual vs. New Business – more efficient clean-up of the BayUntil recently, the state authorities are spending equiva-lent of 100,000 Euro per month operating a small fleet of 10 eco-boats (out-sourced to 2 companies). A com-parable (smaller) amount is being spent on maintaining and operating several eco-barriers. Furthermore, the recycling potential of the material discharged onto the Bay is being lost to a great extent – recycling becomes financially unfeasible if the Coke can, or PET bottle, or paper needs to be collected by a boat. An optimizing software tool to improve the efficiency of the trash-col-lecting actions, together with a more in-depth strategy on which mitigation measurements to prioritize, would result in serious savings for the state. A more functional network of eco-barriers would prevent even more litter from reaching the Bay.

Example: Business as usual vs. New Business – impro-vement of water quality through real-time modelling Presently there is no central modelling tool to simulate water quality in Guanabara Bay. Such a modelling tool, both for scenario studies and for real-time operation-al purposes, would allow for the modelling of sewage plumes and of oil spill incidents. For example, at present local authorities are not able to independently investigate the best possible location for a certain sewage outlet, how to best compare different mitigation actions. Fur-thermore, the capacity to predict, real-time, the transport of existing sewage plumes affecting bathing water quality

in major beaches, or to decide real-time how best to re-spond to an oil-spill incident are unavailable. These im-provements to the state capabilities are difficult to quan-tify, but are extremely important and desired. By using data from the water quality model, trade-offs between decisions can be made visible.

Example: Business as usual vs. New Business – use of ecosystem services for a long-term clean Bay An attractive solution to stabilize at least some of the contaminated sediments in the Bay would be using man-groves, Avicennia in particular, which is a real pioneer. Seeds (propagules) could be sown, and left to accumulate on intertidal areas. They grow fast and clean the sedi-ment as well; they also look much better, and smell less. With the existing SEA/Deltares model we could predict paths for propagule distribution and determine the opti-mal locations for mangrove restoration.

82.Program Proposal

Existing Technology and MarketDeltares has top-level, open source software packages and tools: Delft3D, Delft-FEWS, Part, Delwaq Deltares has a track record on projects related to plastic pollution monitoring and modelling:• The SEA/Deltares operational modelling system,

developed for the “Secretaria Estadual do Ambi-ente” together with UEPSAM, and with contribu-tions from INPE/CPTEC, INEA and CHM of the Navy: Deltares has set up a litter forecasting sys-tem to optimize the efficiency and the safety of the clean-up operations in Guanabara Bay.

• MICRO (Interreg Iva project): The aim of the proj-ect was to conduct a risk assessment of the pres-ence of microplastics (small plastic particles) in the Franche-Manche, Channel and Southern North-Sea region. As part of a consortium, Deltares developed a method to model plastic particles enabling the identification of hotspot areas.

• CleanSea (European FP7 project); The aim of the project is to provide the European Commission with a roadmap for seas that are free of marine litter. As part of a consortium, Deltares models fate and transport of marine litter, but is also involved in the modelling and experimental studying of effects of marine litter on the environment.

The knowledge that we have developed through these projects will aid in the short term on the improvement of the clean-up of Guanabara Bay and in the mid-long term to the monitoring of marine litter and ecosystem changes in general through the further development of indicators and monitoring techniques.

ACTIVITY PLAN

Phase 01: Improvements to the existing SEA/Deltares system and prepare for monitoring task

Target: To continue and enhance local use of the mod-elling system developed and implemented for SEA. Work together with local institutions to prepare integral moni-toring strategy and evaluation approach. Planning: until 08.2015, if activities proceed in parallel.

Activity Budget ( Net, €)Development of a rainfall-runoff model and inclusion in the operational system

43,000

Simulating different types of floating litter and different types of coastline

31,000

Implementing crowd-sourcing functionality on operational system (cell phone feedback)

29,000

Including near real-time measurements in operational system

41,000


Phase 02: Additional modules to expand SEA/Deltares system capabilities and further implementation of monitoring and evaluation strategy

Target: Refine monitoring strategy and evaluation ap-proach. Enhance the system with additional water quality modelling and a more extended monitoring network. Ad-vance on capacity-building and technology-transfer, en-gaging regional stakeholders. Produce first evaluation of mitigation measures taken. Determine the most efficient measures to further invest in. Planning: until 08.2016, activities proceed in parallel.

Activity Budget ( Net, €)Development of an oil-spill model and inclusion in the operational system

48,000

Development water quality model (incl. emissions) and inclusion in operational system

50,000

Development of indicators and monitoring goals, reporting and analysis tools

37,000

First evaluation report and workshop discussions 35,000Support and maintenance of the monitoring system

25,000

Optional functionality: development and inclusion of a wave propagation model

47,000

Phase 03: technology transfer and governance support

Target: Based on a monitoring program come up with long-term sustainable solutions for the maintenance and improvement of water quality in the area using ecosys-tem services Planning: About 1 year in total, evaluation of measures after a few years

Activity Budget ( Net, €)Support of local authorities, capacity building and knowledge transfer

35,000

Strategy development of ecosystem services measures based on first evaluation results within environmental directive framework

30,000

Support on developing further governance reporting tool based on defined indicators

24,000

Support on evaluation of measures taken 19,000

84.Program Proposal

ANNEX

Economical Calculation/ benefitsThe sustainable improvement of the ecosystem in the Guanabara Bay is the base for creating (eco-) tourism, reduce CO2 emissions, have a positive impact on flora and fauna.

The cost to support and maintain the monitoring system should be covered also by the State government. The daily operational tasks of the environment state agency are directly supported by the forecasting- and monitoring system. The system enables authorities to plan their op-erations more efficiently and react adequate on incidents like oil spill or extreme water pollution events.

ABOUT - COMPANY PROFILES

DeltaresDeltares is a leading independent institute (not-for-prof-it) for water and subsurface issues, based in the Neth-erlands. We employ over 800 water and subsurface experts and are active in research as well as specialist consultancy. Throughout the world, our advanced exper-tise enables safe, clean and sustainable living in deltas, coastal areas and river basins. We develop knowledge, innovative products and services, pool our knowledge with others, and make the results available to stakehold-ers. We advise governments, NGOs, other knowledge institutes and the private sector. Our expertise allows us to make well-balanced and independent assessments of the physical condition of deltas, coastal areas and river basins. All contracts and projects, whether financed pri-vately, or from strategic research budgets, contribute to the consolidation of our knowledge base. Furthermore, we believe in openness and transparency, as is illustrated by our open source software.

6.WATER OBSERVER

EMPOWER PEOPLE FOR MONITORING

86.Program Proposal


SUGGESTION FOR THE CLEAN DELTA APPROACH (WHAT CAN WE CONTRIBUTE)

ScopeIncrease cleanup and monitoring operation quality with low cost surveillance actions and if possible reduce total action time of major cost items like the EcoBoats. This shall happen by providing efficient video and picture in-telligence (a flying remote camera) for EcoBoats or alike cleanups, in particular debris locating, monitoring & sim-ulation. In that and towards the long run develop it into a service model and innovation network which can be provided by existing entities like fishermen, university, municipality and other firms with aerial videos or pictures and expand such visual aerial services and post-process-ing into further application fields and substitute expen-sive and energy intensive solutions.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachVersion 1 of the proposed solution which can be provided prior to the test event shall be a balloon-lifted, GSM/WiFi/radio transmitting camera (video, photo) system which is pulled by an existing small / medium boat via a tether (ca-ble, rope). The remotely turnable camera transmits it pic-tures/video to a screen on the service boat. The received video can be used to provide guidance to the EcoBoats. Depending on allowances the video can be stored and/or streamed via e.g. Skype or more sophisticated solution.5

Depending on customer feedback Version 2 (available prior to the Olympic Games) will be one or a set of units with improved hardware, GPS based remote-steering but also more software based post-processing intelligence. Camera Carriers like balloon will be assessed vs. small planes and quadcopters to provide the right service. Camera and Mobile Ground Control will link via internet to a control center e.g. municipality and/or data will be transmitted and stored for further geomapping and to support the simulation offered by Deltares, Projeto Grael, the NAVI or others.

Version 3 (available after the Olympic Games) can be a set of visual monitoring units (mobile, fixed) and compa-nies allowing to use aerial pictures & video to track en-vironmental conditions, to surveil crops in agriculture, to map city infrastructure, to do movies or for other to be defined and tested purposes.

5 http://www.aerialproducts.com/surveillance-systems/kingfisher-wind-capable-aerostat.html Attribution Some rights reserved by BLMOregon Flickr, A.Duarte

http://guanabaralimpa.deltares.nl/

88.Program Proposal


ADDED VALUE & COST ESTIMATION

Not only that the proposed solution will lower running costs, see “Cost estimation” below, it comes also with a set of added values which will increase its cost effective-ness for the scope of use over other solutions.

Added values:From its start it will provide real time overview at low cost and increases operational effectiveness of Eco-Boats and reduces their costly action time. The add-ed value of such a solution in Phase 01 is its larger, up to vertical and real time visual observation radius. The camera will be linked to a First Person View System and allows to spot debris and the position of boats in the wa-ter real time. In consequence it increases the operation quality of the fleet.

Simple functional, flexible and scalable: The solution can start semi-automatic (A remotely steered camera at-tached to a balloon pulled by a man steered boat) and is already effective. It can be build step by step into a fully automatic or modular solution depending on needs. The amount of units can be easily increased. To optimize surface coverage other camera carriers like planes (similar to Lehmann LA100), kites or quadcopters can be added (depending on customer needs). Other cameras (Canon S110 in various modifications available) can be attached to allow different visual spectrum. Further post process-ing steps can be attached and step by step automatized if needed.

A balloon is safe, easy and rather quiet to use: Rio’s air-space has two airports and the National Airport is close to be cleaned areas. The balloon is attached to a boat and flying height can be adjusted easily. In case of strong winds emergency valves will prevent damages or its re-lease.

Operation plan and legal allowances need joint evalua-tion with local authorities. Build a new field of innova-tion and value chain: Robotic, remote flying cameras pro-vide many use cases. The development is very dynamic today and open for own solutions. Balloons as a carrier are a great cost effective start to build the infrastructure and local value chain (between universities, small creative companies, service provider and potential customers).

http://www.paulillsley.com/airphoto/systems/balloons-kites.html

http://www.helipal.com/fpv-system.html

http://www.lehmannaviation.com/l-a-series.html

90.Program Proposal

COSTS ESTIMATION

Business as usual cost example - Marina del Gloria area It is assumed that ten Ecoboats clean 1,12 sqkm at 8.420 USD per day, five days are needed to cover 30% of the surface in front of Marina del Gloria (5-7 sqkm), leading to 42.100 USD of cost for the EcoBoats. The use of a helicopter which ensures a better coordination (less surface skimming needed) will cost 17.400 USD if 50% in the air within those 5 days.

Cost reduction options: Shortening the action through more effective coordination by one day saves 8420 USD (EcoBoats) & 3480 USD (Helicopter). Substitution of the helicopter against lower cost solution can reduce the running costs. Increased airtime by 100% and therefore surface monitoring quality can add coordination quality and reduces EcoBoat usetime. (read more about the cost assumptions in the Annex)

WaterObserver V1 lowers costs during Olympic Test Period:For development & purchase costs of the Water Observer V1 we estimate costs of around 15.000 USD incl. busi-ness development and engineering time by MateriaBrasil. Running cost per day (full unit incl. 2 men) 800 USD like an EcoBoat = 5 Days = 4000 USD.Assuming the scale of the cleanup for whole test period, see ANNEXTotal cost (turn key ready + 5 days test) = 19.000 USD.

Saving due to Helicopter (15 Days of use for test period):• Helicopter:3480USD/day=15*3480USD

=52.200USD• WaterObserverManual:800USD/day+15.000

USD=27.000USD

• Saving: 25.200 USD

Additional saving due to reduced cleaning days:Every avoided cleaning day saves: 8420 USD (EcoBoats) + 800 USD (WaterObserver) = 9220 USD

1. Kingfisher balloon for shark video


COSTS LATER STAGES

Version 2: Additional budget is needed to develop & pro-duce/purchase Version 2. Running costs will depend if automation will take place and how efficient processes are set up. To be decided during debrief 09.2015. Version 3 costs depends on amount of reproduction and technological complexity at higher development levels but also depending on the generated value chain and if it can pose a business.

SIMILAR TYPES OF PROJECTS EXISTING TECHNOLOGY AND MARKET Aerial photography and video have many use cases and a long history. The use of unmanned balloons have a long history too as they are simple to fly, safe and low cost. Wireless video & aircraft control and data transmission made huge improvements due to internet, open source robotics and mobile technologies while already reliable to be applied in the field. Today pictures can be delivered into the internet very easily and by that can be universally used for many tasks.

The technology varies from “Do It Yourself” to full solu-tion offers and from hobby to professional solutions and for all kind of intentions (recreational, science, media, se-curity etc.).

Interesting examples are PublicLab’s Ballon Mapping, professional Solution by e.g. Thales (YouTube video) or

as a dedicated service SenseFly which do a mission on MarineLitter right now. Other producers are: Aerial Prod-ucts, Aero Drum Ltd., Space Airships Brasil etc.1

CONCLUSION

Producer and solution provider exist. Further joint eval-uation is needed to define and deliver the right full turn key solution and to build a service. A robust value chain and market might be even more crucial to provide a busi-ness case in Rio state, which is already the case in other countries.

1. Also the Brazilian police did a test of an aerial surveillance system.

http://publiclab.org/wiki/balloon-mapping

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0n-_MWE7vk

https://www.sensefly.com/

https://www.sensefly.com/news-single/article/sensefly-proud-to-support-race-for-water-odyssey-raising-awareness-of-plastic-pollution-in-our-o.html

https://www.sensefly.com/news-single/article/sensefly-proud-to-support-race-for-water-odyssey-raising-awareness-of-plastic-pollution-in-our-o.html

http://www.aerialproducts.com/

http://www.aerialproducts.com/

http://www.rc-zeppelin.com/

http://www.spaceairships.com.br/en/

http://www.rc-zeppelin.com/Aerial%20Surveillance%20Systems.html

92.Program Proposal92.

Other competing solutions for the described needIn general a remote (unmanned) camera solution should be preferred as this reduces risk to life, reduced costs and places information interpretation close to operations and/or further processing. (picture source6).

Fixed cameras at existing infrastructure (bridges, buildings, mountains)A fixed installation needs a more expensive camera, focus and turning unit. A full cost estimate, locations and pre tests are crucial to reduce investment risks. A movable balloon solution needs less sophisticated camera.

Other locations to consider: High buildings and the sugar loaf mountain. The latter is high enough to get a rather vertical view on various spots which will be covered by Olympic Games. Clouds, smoke or rain might be a threat. Other mounting options are: Ferries, sailing and fishing boats if the right surface coverage can be assured. (pic-ture source7)

Installing fixed camera at eco barriers: Technically feasible, solution might be closer to a fixed solution rather than the mobile. Camera can be placed on a high pole instead of balloon. A different camera housing for long term outdoor use would be needed. A solution can be sourced similar to industrial installations. Such an option could make sense to reduce labour intensity and increase safety (night vision needed). Anti-theft & vandalism measures needed.

6 Attribution Some rights reserved by BLMOregon7 Flickr, A.Duarte


CONCLUSION

A first mobile solution with manual reporting, students or fisherman will very much help to evaluate best locations in 08.2015 and to decide if fixed cameras make sense for 08.2016. This can be add to the list for evaluation if wanted.

How will the value chain look like?

Developer Set. Producer OEM (End Manufact.)

Service Provider Service User Budget provider

Monitoring Data ProcessingMateriaBrasilFloat.Horizon

Monitoring:Aerial Prod.PhodiaRC-zeppelin

Post-Processing:??

GI-TecAerial Prod.

EcoBoat Amb.COMLURBUniversityBr.NaviProjeto Grael

DeltaresUniversityBr.Navi, PoliceProjeto Grael

EcoBoat Amb.COMLURBRio PoliceTV Station

Rio2016INEABanks: FMO, World BankFunds:WWF

The definition of producer, owner, service provider, ser-vice taker (aerial pictures & videos)) needs further discus-sion. Perhaps additional partners need to be identified. Scope should be to find a constellation which will solve legal, business questions but keep the assets flexible for a variety of use cases in the long run as neither balloon nor camera system are restricted for water & litter obser-vation only.

Questions for joint developmentSeveral questions are left and need further examination and joint discussion with the community in Rio.• Legalandsafetyframeworkforflyingaballoon

(airspace)anddoingaerialvideorecording(privacy)

• Dataownershipshortandlongterm• Valuechaindevelopmentfromshorttolongterm• Innovationcapabilitiesandthequestionifsuch

innovationsshallbepurchasedordeveloped

ACTIVITY PLAN (WHAT DO WE PROPOSE EXACTLY)

Phase 01 (until 08.2015)Target: Creation of a first functional and test event sup-porting tool. Effectiveness over comfort and efficiency. Boat will be used of existing solutions: Fishing boat, other bay existing boats and their owners. How many people

94.Program Proposal

will be needed for the first set: 2-4 people to deploy (de-pends on size of the balloon), 2 people to run it.• Until05.2015:Definitionofthecustomers,exact

needsandfeasibilitycheck.Developmentandsourcingofcomponentsandproductionlocationsofeachcomponent.Fulltechnicalscript,competitionandpatentresearchanddetaileddesigntocostandtimingevaluation.

• Until06.2015:Definitionofthebusinessmodel&sourcingofthevaluechain(whoownsit,whousesitandwhopaysfortheservice).DecisionpointOpenSource(Lowercost,globalknowledgedistribu-tion)vs.ClosedSource(Patents,higherinvestment,differentROI)orhybrid(closedforkeyelements).Definitionofcontractingupanddownthevaluechain.

• Until07.2015:Buildofthefirstprototype.• Until08.2015:Flighttesting,detailimprovements,

trainingoftheserviceteam• Until09.2015:UsingtheWaterObserver,improve

it,interviewswithusersforlaterde-brief.

Phase 02 (Until 08.2016)• Until10.2015(De-Brief):Decisiontoproceedor

not.Definitionoffurtherneedsshallbedeveloped(improvementofexistingcomponentsand/ordevel-opmentofaddons).

• Until12.2015:Creationofanewdetailedplanandfinancingroundtodevelopthesystemfurther.

• Until05.2016:Optimization:ImprovingtheBalloonthecamerasystem.Addons(couldbestartedinPhase01alreadybutincreasestotalneededbudget

andteam):Developmentofelectronicsforrefer-encedpicturelocation:EachpicturetakencanbeexactlyGPSgeolocatedtothesurfaceandbythatabletolinkittoothermappingorsimulationsys-tems.Developmentofasolarpoweredvessel.Devel-opmentofdatainterface:Database,API,webpageandanAPP.Developmentofaninterlinkwithmobileinformationsolutions(SMS,MMS,Smartphone)tobeusedbyEcoBoatcaptains.OpeningtheBalloonCamerasystemtocitizensandtouristsassteerablewebcam.Linkthepicturesanddatacollectedtovisitorsenvironmentalappandexhibitioninsailingharbour.

• Until06.2016:Testrunofallnewsystemsandimprovement.Recruitandtrainnewpeople.

• Until07.2016:Reproduction:Creationoffurtherunitswhichcanberuninparallelatdifferentloca-tions.

• Until08.2016:Deployallunitsandtrainallpeople.

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)Depending on simulation status, the Water Observer might serve to record the water surface. Other solutions might have been found until then, which might be better. Solutions to be reproduced in other cities and countries, to do more observations.


ANNEX ECONOMICAL CALCULATION

First cost example Business as usualThe costs of renting a whole Helicopter as a tourist for one hour are >800 EUR (870 USD).The water area, shown below (Bay Entry, Marina close to the national airport) covers around 16 - 20 sqkm. This is the area for the sailing event and for several launches.

If only 30% of the surface would be covered, leaving out the currents flushed middle area, 5-7 sqkm would be needed to cover with the boats. To cover the surface area one time following costs might occur, leaving out the additional RIO2016 team, which used small addition-al boats to take care that the big ecoboats do not loose material.• EcoBoatcosts:842USDperdayperunitincl.staff.

(andfuel?)• 10Ecoboatscancover1,12sqkmperdayifthe

boatsrunfor8hoursat4km/h.(estimate)• 5daysareneededtocoverthesurface,whilea

differentsolutionisneededtopreventthatnewmaterialflushesintotheskimmedarea.

• 42100USDwouldbethecostfortheEcoBoats.• Sourcefordata:BBCarticle.• AHelicopter4hoursperdayfor5days=17400

USD• Shorteningtheactionbyonedaysaves8420USD

(EcoBoats)&3480USD(Helicopter)

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-25635140

96.Program Proposal

Amount of cleanup days during test period• HowmanyeventswillbedoneduringtheTestEvent

(August,November2015,Feb.March,May2016)andhowmanydaysofcleaningareneeded?TesteventListishere:http://www.aquecerio.com/calen-dar.pdf

• CleanupsareneededforFortCopacabana(OpenSeaside),MarinadaGloriaandaround,LagoaRodrigodeFreitas,http://www.rio2016.com/en/the-games/competition-venues/venues-map

○ 2 x Logoa (2.4 sqkm = 2 days ecoboat service) : 4 days

○ 1 x Marina da Gloria (30% = 5 sqkm) : 5 days ○ 3 x Fort Copa. (4km x 500m = 2sqkm) : 6 days ○ Total: 15 days for test events, excluding Olym-

pic Games Session

Restricted Operations Areas to be jointly defined


MateriaBrasilThe MateriaBrasil (www.materiabrasil.net), is a center of excellence in materials and systems with high socio-envi-ronmental responsibility index and system of production and conscious consumption. Created by the union of the Sistema Ambiental Consultoria and Fibra Design, the Ma-teriaBrasil brings together one of the best collections of low environmental impact materials and high social con-tribution of Brazil. With a multidisciplinary team involving engineers, designers, economists, biologists and others and HQ in Rio de Janeiro, the company is ready to act in

several areas, namely:• Design:Productdesign,exhibitiondesignand graphicandpromotionaleventsanddesign;• MaterialLibrary:Sourcingandselectionofsocio

environmentallyresponsiblematerials,purchasingmanagementassociatedwiththeserviceofsourc-ing,generationoftextualoraudiovisualcontent;environmentalmanagementsystems;

• EnvironmentalServices:Analysisofcarbonlife cycleandenvironmentallabelinginventory;• Materialization:Modeling,prototyping,manufactur-

ingandproductionmanagementofenvironmentallyresponsiblepartnerproducts;

All listed services have the conductive line business models and innovative production models, practical ap-plication of networking (which allows the collaboration of suppliers or partners in services), the search for continu-ous innovation and sustainable development.The company’s main objectives are to disseminate valu-able information on sustainability by promoting the construction of values for a more sustainable economy; Deliver responsible choices for companies, architects, designers, engineers and other professionals to innovate in their designs and products from our services; Devel-op projects, internal or customer partnerships, accom-panying all these guidelines and centered information on MateriaBrasil aiming to launch the public conscious products.We left the always open channel to continue to build what is all of us. For more information please send email to: [email protected]

http://www.aquecerio.com/calendar.pdf

http://www.aquecerio.com/calendar.pdf

http://www.rio2016.com/en/the-games/competition-venues/venues-map

http://www.rio2016.com/en/the-games/competition-venues/venues-map


FloatingHorizon (Ralph Schneider)Description: Is a senior in innovation and project man-ager, contributing on voluntary basis to the Clean Delta Challenge in the area of strategy, concept and system de-velopment. He has a background in mechanical engineer, design, innovation management and plastic based prod-uct development. One of his private projects is www.floatinghorizon.org. He is founding member and advisor of OPEN-H20, IRS FEDERAL TAX ID NUMBER (EIN):

46-2553792, address: 300 central park west apt. 3D2, New York, ny 10024-1513, USA and developed several new products and brought them into production. www.ralphschneider.de

Shared objectiveEmpowering local people and small enterprises with easy to adopt and low investment solutions.

LIMITED AREA OFSURVEILLANCE PER

CAMERA

http://www.floatinghorizon.org

http://www.floatinghorizon.org

98.Program Proposal

CLE

ANU

P

7.CATCH SYSTEMS

GUANABARA BAY

100.Program Proposal


SUGGESTION FOR THE CLEAN DELTA APPROACH (WHAT CAN WE CONTRIBUTE)

ScopeIn 2016 the Olympic sailing and windsurfing competitions will be held in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. To ensure a healthy, clean and level playing field for all Olympic ath-letes, additional measures to the existing eco-boats and ecobarriers must be taken. Ecobarriers and eco-boats are not effective enough to deal with the sheer volume of solid waste in Guanabara Bay. Currently pressure on a cleaner bay area rises with the upcoming Olympics due concerns of athletes regarding competition disruptive el-ements and their personal health. This proposal contains a joint initiative of Tauw BV, Ten Cate Geosynthetics and Dow Chemical to present a recent innovation that could deal with solid waste in the Guanabara Bay area. Envi-ronmental conditions of the Guanabara Bay area require sustainable solutions. This requires a long term approach acting on the sources of pollution and conserving of fresh water to be put to use for consumption/irrigation/etc. Currently the Brazilian government is putting a lot of effort in implementation of proper waste and water management systems to stop the flow of trash and toxins form surrounding communities into the bay. Organization of an effective waste management system and aware-ness takes time however. In the meantime, our systems could provide solutions to actively refresh poorly flushed areas and prevent more waste flowing into the bay area. Together with a contribution to the long term goal of a

clean bay area, the systems also directly contribute to goals regarding a cleaner and safer Olympic event.

ApproachOur general approach is to contribute to a short to mid-term cleanup, providing a step-up to a cleaner bay on long term. The systems we propose (see next chapter ‘proposals’ for details) offer the following solutions:1. StopmorewasteflowingintotheGuanabaraBay.2. ActiverefreshmentofpollutedwaterintheMarina

daGlória

1) Stop more waste flowing into the Guanabara BayTo start off the cleanup of the Guanabara Bay effectively, our approach is to turn off the waste producing tap to the bay area first (“Don’t start mopping before turning off the tap”). We believe that the rivers flowing into the Guanabara Bay are the main contributors to the pres-ence of solid waste in the bay. These rivers flow through highly populated areas with a lack of organized/effective waste collection systems resulting in illegal waste dumps on embankments and solid waste transported directly to the river through sewerage systems.

2) Active refreshment of polluted water in the Marina da Glória The Marina da Glória will act as a base for sailing events. Currently the water quality in the Marina da Glória is not well suited to act as a starting point of a clean venue. This is due to sewerage water flowing directly into the Marina in combination with a lack of natural refreshment in this enclosed part of the bay system. We believe that


active refreshment of the now enclosed water together with deviation of more sewerage water flowing in, could result in cleaner water on short term.This system could provide a solution during the period that proper treatment of the sewerage water flowing into the Marina da Glória has not been put to use.

THE PROPOSED SOLUTION AND ITS STEP-WISE APPROACH

1. Catch system at the river mouths

Background and analysis of current situationTauw analyzed the existing catch systems in rivers, the ecobarriers. The problem of these systems is that they are not suited for every situation the river faces during a year. Especially during conditions at the start of the wet season, when large amounts of water and debris are transported towards the bay, the force of the water and waste will be too high for the relatively small construction. Due to the strong current and high turbulence waste/debris will no longer float and pass underneath the eco-barriers while these barriers only close off the top part of the water column. The volume of waste passing increases with higher water levels and hence larger passing area underneath the barrier. All waste finally ends up in the Guanabara Bay leading to Bay pollution and high clean-up costs. Another effect is that waste will pass (pushed over/under) the barrier once the buffer area is completely filled up. It is in these conditions that people work hard to

clean up waste flowing in. An impossible job.

Tauw therefore came up with another solution. In our ap-proach we made a flexible construction at the end of the river, the river mouth. By giving the construction a large volume, the negative effects of the current can be dealt with. The behavior of the transported debris becomes predictable. The water will flow out at all sides of the con-struction, while the debris is filtered and contained.Heavy, larger sediments will sink to the bottom in the first part of the system, floating material will be transported to the end of the system and because of the decreased current the turbulence is reduced and even the floating debris beneath the surface can be caught.The high containing capacity of the system enables main-tenance personnel to take out the waste mechanically during good weather conditions. The necessity to take out waste once the system is overflowing, despite bad weather conditions, will not be an issue anymore.


The permeability is self-adaptive. When the holes in the grid are blocked, the water level in the system rises and the floating device of the barrier lifts the grid. The Geo-tube® at the bottom of the bay will stay in place , provid-ing a bigger grid surface for the water to flow through. The blockage decreases, resulting in a falling water level.

As long as waste management at the source is not or-ganized effectively, the catchment system at the river mouths could provide a solution to the ongoing pollution of the Guanabara Bay. This solution directly contributes to a cleaner Guanabara Bay.

Tauw has experience on these constructions in the Neth-erlands where they are installed to store sediment. To catch debris, the middle part will be more permeable by using a grid. The construction will close off the whole water column. Only at the end of the system water and sediment can pass the construction underneath.

Placement in main polluting river mouthsOur proposal aims to stop more waste flowing into the bay area through rivers ending up in the bay. 18 Riv-ers flowìng into the bay area are producing an estimated (Deltares) total amount of 35 tons/month in dry periods and 325 ton/month in wet periods. Approximately 6 of these 18 rivers are estimated to contribute for 90% to the waste production in the bay area. Our proposal therefore focuses on these rivers.

As explained above the proposed system is placed in the area past the river mouth collecting waste flowing out of the river. Earlier research shows that large volumes are produced during wet periods. In these periods, rivers are turbulent and solid waste is mixed through the entire water column due turbulence. In the area downstream of the actual river mouth, the water becomes less tur-bulent and waste comes to the surface where it can be collected more easily. To give a general idea of the sys-tem, the collection system is presented at the river mouth of river Iguacu (see picture).

Catch system for Rio Guarai


Functional principleWith reduction of turbulence several phenomena occur: Sediment will settle and floating materials like plastics will come to the surface. The construction needs to be of such size that these phenomena have sufficient room to occur. The area just downstream of the river mouth should be big enough to contain large volumes of sed-iment and the area further downstream should be wide enough to enable floating waste to come to the surface. The actual area to be developed depends on the mainte-nance production to be achieved. For now we take into account containment of the entire production during a wet period. Sediment and ‘heavy’ waste could be dredged out of the construction during the dry period and float-ing waste can be picked up from the loading zone at the downstream side of the construction.Unloading of sediment and floating waste is foreseen to be organized by contractors with ordinary wheel based excavators (floating waste) and barges with cranes (sed-iments). Floating waste is then collected in containers, compacted and moved out of the area by trucks to dedicated areas where waste can be sorted for re-use. Dredged material should be disposed of into designated areas as they probably contain pollutants.

Used materialThe catch system itself consists of polypropylene materi-al, based on the sediment storer, an innovation developed by Tauw, TenCate and Dow Chemical. It is a permeable construction , capable of dealing with the tidal effects and covered with a tough capping material. This tough material works as a protection shield against mechanical

Situation drawn into a picture of Google

Waste collection system at the mouth of river Iguacu


exposure by small vessels, animal tear, etc.This catch system uses a small Geotube® as an anchor. The floating material consists of Styrofoam, a material that is capable to resist a certain impact and will not take up water. The floating capacity is therefore durably guar-anteed. We use Geolon® as construction material. The concept is proven.

Multi-functionalityThe system should enable the entry of boats, because the rivers are also used by boatsmen for other purposes (e.g. fisheries). Therefore simple but effective boat pas-sages can be easily added to the construction as shown beneath.

Figure.: Technical insight in parts of the system

Figure.: Principle of ship passage


COST ESTIMATION OF CONSTRUCTION

Tauw made a calculation of the expected costs of this kind of construction. In the Netherlands Tauw worked on a comparable construction of 2,2 km (sediment storer). In that case we set-up the design, the cost calculation, did the supervision of the construction, learned of operation-al issues the contractor faced and made, together with all parties involved, the project to be a big success. This resulted in an effective construction, catering ecological and functional aspects and within budget and timeframe. We calculated that the overall cost to install catch sys-tems at the mouth of the 6 most contributing rivers and approximately 20 smaller rivers, will cost approximately € 10.000.000,= excl. tax. The costs are mainly installa-tion costs. Survey, permits and detailed engineering are not included. These costs on the other hand should be divided between the different catch systems. Their cost impact will therefore be relatively low. Bear in mind that presumably 90% of the incoming waste of each river can be collected this way.

Maintenance costFor maintenance the calculations start from the prem-ise that the existing personnel capacity can be deployed. Personnel of the ecoboats can do the maintenance, which mainly exists in removing the plastics and once in a while do some dredging. For solutions for the storage of dredging material the Brazilian firm Allonda has lots of experience

Implementation timeApart from the preparations on land, in The Netherlands the contractor was capable to install the construction with a production speed of 150 m a day. For the situation in the Guanabara Bay, this means that the constructions could be installed in a matter of months to half a year. To have a better effect however, more time is recom-mended. Besides the impact of debris producing rivers, there are lots of locations were plastic debris is washed ashore on the banks. With the next high tide, the mate-rials will start floating again. They all should be checked and cleaned. Only than these measures will be effective. This means that time is short.

Tender ecobarriersIn Brazil in April 2015 a tender to install Ecobarriers in several rivers was introduced. Unfortunately Tauw and its Brazilian partners did not have the right papers for doing a bid according to this tender. In the tender the locations of the barriers was already decided and no alternatives were allowed. As we explained above, we expect these locations not to be suitable for the ecobarriers.


2. Refreshment of enclosed, polluted water in the Marina da GlóriaAt this moment sewerage water discharges into two places in the area of the Marina da Glória and Flamen-co beach. The water seems to be cleaned for litter and debris. Still next to pathogens, a great amount of oxygen consuming substance are present in the water. This can be made up by the bad smell the water produces and which causes a risk for humans in contact with the water.The measures we propose deviate the poor quality water coming from the sewage system and at the same time actively improves the refreshing of the water present in the Marina.

Functional principleIn order to improve the water quality of Marina da Glória we propose two artificial “channels” to be installed. The first channel (1) guides the sewerage water (discharge point at red circle) out of the Marina directly to an area where natural currents pick up the water to transport it to the ocean. The second channel (2) provides the Ma-rina with relatively fresh water from outside the Marina.

To get the water flowing providing an active refreshing of the enclosed areas in the Marina, both channels are pro-vided with submerged impellers (3) to thrust the water through the channels. By creating a discharge higher than

Picture: Sewerage discharge locations Marina da Glória Animated picture: situation in Marina da Glória


the outflow of the sewerage water in the first channel, water from the Ma-rina will be sucked into this channel.

This way a slight water subsidence is being created in the Marina and water from outside the area will flow into the Marina. Construction of the sec-ond channel causes the inflowing wa-ter to contribute to the refreshing of the Marina while it guides the water into the deeper parts of the enclosed Marina (blue arrows). In the situation this channel is not constructed, the water will probably take a shortcut to the intake of channel 1 not providing enough refreshing of the water. The second channel also has to be pro-vided with an impeller to get the re-quired currents.

Used materialBoth channels can be easily created by pulling up a flexible screen in the water just a few meters from the ex-isting border. The screen consists of a geotextile anchored at the bottom by a Geotube®. (to be able to follow the contours of the bottom) and is held afloat by a Styrofoam floating device.Rough estimations indicate that 4 im-pellers (picture) have to be installed

together with a 1.500 m channel wall. In the picture above a schematic view is given of the channels, the channel wall and the impeller.

Multi-functionalityThe floating devices to hold up the screens could be de-signed in such a way that they can serve more purpos-es. A wooden cover system can be placed between the screen and the quay wall. This screens acts as odor con-trol and prevents people falling into the sewage water. It also improves the appearance of the Marina alike the current wooden cover used above the sewage channel at the southern part of the Flamenco beach (see picture).The airflow underneath the plates forces bad odor to the end of the channel where it can flow freely or through an active carbon filter out.Another example is to construct a jetty on the floating devise to create temporary or lasting extra boating ca-pacity for the Marina. Finger piers could be attached (see overview picture).

Cost estimation of constructionTauw made a rough calculation of the expected costs for the construction without the cover and addition-al mooring capacity. The overall cost to install the flow channels in the Marina da Glória will take an investment of between € 400.000 and € 700.000,= excl. tax. (this cost estimation still needs to be checked by our Brazil-ian counterparts. The costs are mainly installation costs. Survey, permits and detailed engineering are not includ-ed). Additional elements such as the capping or installing finger piers could come out of a maintenance budget for


109.

the Marina itself. It mainly contributes to the quality of the overall appearance of the Marina.At the other end of the beach also a sewerage discharge is present. Because that water is already treated, we did not do any investi-gations. The discharged water quality should however be checked. If it needs attention, the treatment is the first to be improved. If that is not sufficient a large pipe at the end could also be installed. This is not calculated.

Implementation timeApart from the preparations on land, in the Netherlands the contractor was capable to install the construction with a production speed of 150 m a day. For the situa-tion in the Guanabara Bay, this means that the screens/channels could be installed in a matter of months to half a year.

Present actionsOur partners from Dow chemical informed us end March 2015 that at present sewerage works are carried out. The discharge of the sewerage system in the Marina da Glória will be deviated. Another location for discharge will be realized at the 1st Q of 2016. This measure will probably improve the water quality in the Marina, but if it is enough will be the question. The Marina da Glória will remain to be a dead-end of the bay where water does not have an high refreshing rate. Ac-tive refreshing of the water in the Marina will still be a necessity.


ANNEX

About - Company profiles

Tauw GroupTauw is an independent European consulting and engi-neering company specialized in the design, improvement and management of the natural environment, built-up environment and infrastructure. Tauw is an expert and leading company in the field of environmental consultan-cy, spatial development, civil engineering and the moni-toring of environmental quality. In these fields a promi-nent reputation has been acquired in studies and design. In multidisciplinary teams we are working on projects for a broad range of clients: public authorities, private com-panies and non-governmental organisations.

Contact: Paul Stook ([email protected], +31653815802)

Ten Cate geosyntheticsTenCate Geosynthetics EMEA develops and provides solutions for geotechnical problems in civil engineer-ing applications in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the CIS. As a global leader, our industrial textile fabrics are engineered with advanced application knowledge to meet the needs and specifications for various markets.

Contact: Mink ter Harmsel ([email protected], +31 651 239 551)

AllondaMarket solutions to public and private sector related to geosynthetic products , providing technical support and the best care, with adequate profitability for mutual gains. Allonda is a highly experienced Brazilian contractor on maintenance dredging in Guanabara Bay and installing systems from Ten Cate geosynthetics.

Contact: Luiz Escobar ([email protected], +5511 985797008)

DOW ChemicalDow combines the power of science and technology to passionately innovate what is essential to human prog-ress. The Company is driving innovations that extract value from the intersection of chemical, physical and bio-logical sciences to help address many of the world’s most challenging problems such as the need for clean water, clean energy generation and conservation, and increasing agricultural productivity. Dow’s integrated, market-driv-en, industry-leading portfolio of specialty chemical, ad-vanced materials, agrosciences and plastics businesses delivers a broad range of technology-based products and solutions.

Contact: Guilherme Dias ([email protected], +5511974972843)




8.PLASTIC FISHER

LITTER CATCHING AND SORTING DEVICE



ScopeImproperly discarded domestic and solid wastes create unintentional pressures on the riverine and marine envi-ronment. Rivers transport litter from land based sources downstream8, but can also be used as an interception point. Rivers being on national territory adds to the viabil-ity of implementing measures for interception; once litter is released into Guanabara Bay and the Atlantic Ocean it will be very hard or even impossible to retrieve. The litter that is lost permanently causes long lasting harm in the marine environment.Intercepting litter leakage from the waste stream in Rio de Janeiro State at the river mouth before the litter is de-bouched into the Guanabara Bay is done by eco-barriers and eco-boats in the Bay itself. A mayor capacity boost is within reach after installation of the ‘Plastic Fisher’ plat-form. The ‘Plastic Fisher’ is the most useful addition to the current eco-barriers and eco-boats, that allows on board separation of organic and inorganic waste streams. When the ecosystem in the Bay does not receive influx of waste anymore, it will be able to restore much faster since the waste allows contaminants to attach to it and they remain on the debris, enabling long persistence. Pre-venting solid waste influx will improve the quality of the water and shorten the restoration time of the ecosystem.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachThe ‘Plastic Fisher’ is a cost effective remediation tool for

litter interception in rivers. The ‘Plastic Fisher’ pre-pro-cesses macro river litter into organic and non-organic fractions and is perfectly suited for conditions as in the rivers entering Guanabara Bay. The current eco-barriers are not always a sufficient reservoir to contain the waste at the river mouth and retrieving it from the water is hard. With the ‘Plastic Fisher’, the waste is collected with long booms and then transported on-board the remediation device by a custom-built transportation and sorting belt. On board of the ‘Plastic Fisher’ there is sufficient working space for at least two persons that may sort the waste. The sorted waste that is part of the ecosystem (weeds, leafs, tree branches) can be released into the water or can be used for composting, whereas the plastics and other solid waste are sorted into big bags. The big bags will be transported to the shore where further recycling of the materials will have to take place.

Unique selling proposition/point(s)We can act on floating macro litter, so let’s start acting right now! Retrieving the litter before it gets dispersed into Guanabara Bay will lead to retrieving of much higher quality waste streams so the value for the recy-cling industry is higher than that of the litter that is left in the water for a longer period of time. The operation is simple and the ‘Plastic Fisher’ is extremely robust in its design. The ‘Plastic Fisher’ is available straight away and was demonstrated to Lucia Mazoni (Olympic Proj-ects Coordinator at the Casa Civil do Governo Estadual) during the Rotterdam Harbour Days in September 2014. She mentioned that this was exactly the device that was needed in addition to the eco-barriers already deployed.

8 Earll et al. 2000, Sadri and Thompson 2014


Added value:The ‘Plastic Fisher’ has a much higher efficiency than the current eco-boats and allows the litter to be caught and recycled at the river mouth before it gets dispersed into Guanabara Bay. The deployed 10 eco-boats take out on average 24 tons per month, and the eco-barriers stop about 29 tons per month (both numbers 2014) whereas the capacity of the ‘Plastic Fisher’ is >2 tons per hour (safe estimate used for calculations below, real efficiency estimated to be double this amount).

COST AND ADDED VALUE ESTIMATION:

Business as usual cost exampleTo reduce pollution of water bodies by floating garbage, removing and recycling the waste collected in rivers, bays and lagoons of Rio de Janeiro, the State Environmental Institute (INEA) carries out the Floating Garbage Collect Project. With the installation of eco-barriers, which are installed at the mouths of rivers and streams – and spe-cial boats for pickup, the floating garbage is retained and removed by scavengers; part of the collected materials are being routed to the recycling industry.

Until 2013, 14 eco-barriers had been installed – includ-ing 11 in rivers and canals that flow into the Guanabara Bay. They are part of the Clean Guanabara Plan, which aims to clean up 80% of the bay until August 2016, when the Olympic and Paralympic Games will be hosted by Rio. The running costs of the recyclers that take away the retrieved waste at the eco-barriers to recycling plants

‘Plastic Fisher’ in Rotterdam harbour September 2014

http://www.rj.gov.br/web/sea/exibeconteudo?article-id=1527004




and further on to the landfill are born by Extended Pro-ducer Responsibility Funding. The height of the current capital and operational cost is not known. The tender for the new barriers is estimated at a total amount of Br$ 20,000,000. For cost comparison calculations please re-fer to the Annex.

Business new cost exampleThe cost calculations are estimated for Cunha Canal. In this basin around 850,000 people live, which are esti-mated to generate an average waste volume of 84 tons/month that floats downstream and can be caught at the mouth of Cunha Canal. The catching system of the Plas-tic Fisher consists of two arms, each with a length of 8 meter per arm. Effectively the arms form a ‘mouth’ of 14 metres width at a depth of 1 meter. The Plastic Fisher is kept in place with spud poles. Standard 4 pieces of 5 metres length are supplied, weighing 510 kilogram each.The capital costs are calculated on FOB Rotterdam basis and the operational costs include the facilities on site: housing for workers, including shower; Recycling Depot area; power generator. In addition there are the costs of transportation, mounting of the platform and spud poles; insurance; training on site and costs for local adaptations (if required). Feasibility costs are excluded also and need to be agreed upfront. The calculations (including esti-mates for transport and operational costs) can be found in the Annex. The calculation shows that the costs of the ‘Plastic Fisher’ are almost half the costs of the currently deployed system.

Close-up of transportation system ‘Plastic Fisher’


Cost reduction options: The call for proposals to improve the eco-barriers that was recently launched together with the fact that eco-boats services are intermittedly suspended, indicates possibilities for improvement in the system in order to realise the goal set prior to the Olympic Games in 2016. Also after this event is finished, the improvement of waste management systems in all municipalities of the Guanabara bay river basin and the building of a circular

economy will take time so the intervention need for an end-of-pipe device will continue.

Costs later stagesHopefully the waste management system will improve rapidly in order to turn any end-of pipe solution obso-lete. When this scenario is reached, the ‘Plastic Fisher’ platform may be relocated to any other location in Brazil where similar litter issues exist.

What/ how will the value chain look likeThe ‘Plastic Fisher’ will assist in the Clean-up of Guanabara Bay by preventing the influx of litter.

Developer Transportation of platform

Commissioning on Site

Training- capacity building

Service On Site Service User Budget provider

Building for workers incl shower

Recycling depot area

ISI/SK International

Bulk Carriers regular sea transport, weight 25 tons/ two large sea-containersPM

Local Crane of .50 TM and carry capacity > 25t to carry platform from shore into waterPM

Supplied on site by developersPM

Constructor:Use by COMLURB, local recyclers

Constructor:Use by COMLURB, local recyclers Formal or informal

COMLURB, local recyclers Formal or informal

Rio2016INEABanks: FMO, World BankFunds:EPR; ICMS Verde


SIMILAR TYPES OF PROJECTS (SUCCESS STORIES)

The ‘Plastic Fisher’ was developed through an assignment by the Dutch government, foreseeing that in view of cli-mate change and growing population concentrations with waste management systems lagging behind, there would be a need for this device. It has been on display to the public for the first time in September 2014. In The Neth-erlands the deployment is not feasible since the waste management system is organised in such a way that the concentrations of waste that are transported through riv-ers are too low for this system to be cost-effective.

Existing Technology and MarketThe ‘Plastic Fisher’ is different from any other available product on the market since it is a static device that does not only catch litter like the eco-barriers or the eco-boats, do but also separates the waste that is caught immedi-ately on board, allowing easier transportation and an op-timised value retrieval from the waste. Other boom lines can also collect waste but not sort it; other devices can fish for the waste but not collect it static at a river mouth. Besides this, the capacity of the ‘Plastic Fisher’ is calculat-ed to a maximum of 4 tons/ hour whereas the eco-boats take out on average each month 24 tons (2014); the effi-ciency of the ‘Plastic Fisher’ proves itself rather easily and prevents the waste from being dispersed.

ConclusionThe ‘Plastic Fisher’ is a really great addition to the current portfolio of eco-barriers that the State of Rio de Janeiro already deploys and will assist in preventing litter to flow into Guanabara Bay to be dispersed. Following the eco-nomic calculations (see Annex) the cost per kg for the ‘Plastic Fisher’ is little over half the costs of the currently deployed system. Besides this significant reduction, the retrieved materials have not been in the water too long, are sorted in mono-streams so they can be recycled at higher value. Incorporating these externalised benefits will improve the ‘business case’ even further.


Phase 01 (until 08.2015)Target: Implementation of a pilot ‘Plastic Fisher’ in Canal Cunha or Rio Iguaçu, or any of the other rivers/ canals that are debouching into the Bay that requires large vol-umes of waste to be contained and separated.

Planning: Field visit to the specific river/ canal to investi-gate the feasibility of the ‘Plastic Fisher’; valuable deploy-ment in one or more situations.Conclude the number and time of delivery. The first ‘Plastic Fisher’ may be shipped two weeks after signing of contracts and will be delivered FOB Rotterdam, shipping time about 3 weeks before arrival in the port of Rio de Janeiro. After the delivery of the platform on the desig-nated location, the mounting of the system takes 1 day,


the training two weeks. So the timeline between signing of the contract and the start of operations mounts up to approximately 8 weeks.

Phase 02 (until 08.2016)Target: Implementation of ‘Plastic Fisher’ platforms in the other relevant rivers Rio Guapi-Macacu, Rio Iguaçu, Rio Itaboraí, Rio Estrela or any of the other rivers/ canals that are debouching into the Bay that require large volumes of waste to be contained and separated.

Planning: Field visit to the rivers and canals to investigate the feasibility of the ‘Plastic Fisher’; valuable deployment in one or more situations. Conclude the number and time of delivery.

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)Target: Possible relocation of platforms to other Brazilian State with similar river litter issues, to be concluded

ANNEX ECONOMICAL CALCULATION

In order to calculate the unit costs of the removed float-ing waste from the mouth of the Canal do Cunha using the Plastic Fisher, the following data have been used.Investment ‘Plastic Fisher’:- Cost of Plastic Fisher FOB Rotterdam (excl. VAT):

EUR 435,000- Transport Rotterdam-Rio in two 40-foot containers:

EUR 3.233 (estimate, excl. insurance)- Locally procured 30 kVA 380 generator including 100

litre day-tank: EUR 11,500 (estimate)- Locally procured small shed as shelter for workers:

EUR 18,000 (estimate)- Transport port to location (not included)- Commissioning, training, capacity building (not included)- Capex year 1: EUR 467,733 (excluding replacement/

depreciation)- Rest value of Plastic Fisher after 10 years: 20% of

investment

Running costs estimate:- Capacity of Plastic Fisher: 2 t/hour- Amount of wet waste: 84 t/month (1,000 t/year)- Working days per year: 220- Labour costs for ‘Plastic Fisher’ operator (incl. trans-

port to location): EUR 50/hour (estimate)- Diesel consumption of generator: 11 l/hour- Diesel cost: EUR 0.83/l- Manpower ‘Plastic Fisher’ operation: 220 days * 2.3


hours/day (incl. transport to location): EUR 25,300 - Power costs 220 days * 2 hours/day * 11 litre diesel/

hour * diesel price (above): EUR 4,017 - Container rent and transport of waste: EUR 6,120/

year (estimate)- Maintenance 5% of EUR 435,000 = EUR 22,000- Opex / year: EUR 57,437

On the basis of these data the average cost of removing, sorting, storing and transport of 1,000 t wet floating solid waste from the mouth of the Canal de Cunha per year costs EUR 130/t or approximately Br$ 0.44/kg.

In comparison, the current system of eco-boats retrieved on average 32 t/month in the period January-Octo-ber 2014, at a cost of USD 8,420/month (EUR 7,655/month). With 20 working days per month this is only 1.6 t/day at a cost of EUR 240/t. This is far more expensive and less effective than collection of the floating waste at the mouth of the rivers and canals, using the ‘Plastic Fisher’. In addition, the plastic collected (at EUR 130/t) with the Plastic Fisher has spent less time in the water, is therefore cleaner, and is separated from other floating waste directly on board of the ‘Plastic Fisher’. Its recycling value is therefore higher.


Company name: Investments in Sustainable InnovationsRelevant goals of company: Value chain improvements through innovative approaches and system analyses; fos-tering circular economy. Plastic litter prevention focus. Assisting governments to reach resource efficiency goals

Contact name: Yvon WolthuisE-mail: [email protected] phone: +31 628829858

Company name: SK InternationalRelevant goals of company: The mission of SK Interna-tional is to assist in the creation of ecological and eco-nomically valuable material cycles through innovative and high quality tailored work: ‘Waste is a resource’.

Contact name: Frank KluiversE-mail: [email protected] phone: +31 624693637


9.EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT

FLOATING WASTE COLLECTION VESSELS



ScopeA clean and liveable Guanabara Bay is the long-term goal. The short-term measurements are there to initiate the efforts towards this long-term goal. The floating waste, which is now freely floating in the bay, can be one of the first showcases that it is possible to improve the Guana-bara Bay. Hopefully, these short-term measures will not be necessary anymore after all efforts have been taken. However, a floating waste collection vessel can also be used for excess in natural organic waste in Guanabara Bay or at other locations.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachAs a maritime equipment supplier and shipbuilder, Roy-al IHC can deliver technology to assist in capturing the waste that finds its way into the Guanabara Bay. Fur-thermore, we have numerous years of engineering ex-perience and we can work together towards a tailored solution that tackles the floating waste problem in Gua-nabara Bay.

Our approach is to work together with our customers to provide them with the most suitable equipment for the job. In the case of the Guanabara Bay we have al-ready come up with our own initial ideas for effective equipment (see figures below). This is a medium scale system consisting of a waste harvester, a workboat and 2 barges. However, this is just a first idea, we believe

that the equipment should be specified together with the customer. We consider Ecoboats complimentary to our proposed solution, as well as the systems required on land. Also in good consultation it is necessary to evaluate the scale of our solution and propose a full system, also considering the benefits of having small-scaled boats in parallel operation.

IHC is also capable of providing training services for per-sonnel operating the vessel. Furthermore, IHC has de-cades of experience with dredging equipment (such as smart grab vessels, amphibious dredgers, trailing suction hopper dredgers) and dredging projects and is willing to use this experience to advice on dredging works for the sanitation of the Guanabara Bay and the water bodies near Rio de Janeiro.

Unique selling point(s) IHC Waste HarvesterContinuous waste collection, by using a transport belt and a system of interchangeable barges, large width and large depth of floating waste collection, storage capacity on board, manoeuvrability, seaworthiness, possible inte-gration in waste barriers. Cost reduction by: economy of scale, local content, reus-able, modular construction, refittable for other purposes like fighting oil spills.

Cost and added value estimationAt present there is no value of the collected plastic, this is just a cost for the State of Rio de Janeiro. This will not change with new equipment. However, the aim is to pro-vide a more effective and efficient vessel to collect float-


Figure 1 - Barge is delivered to the waste harvester


Figure 2 - Fully loaded barge is shipped to shore, waste harvester keeps operating


ing waste, in order to bring the costs per ton of collected waste down to a respectable level for the authorities. Ecoboats are reported to have collected 430 tonnes of waste in 2014, other reports are 45 tonnes per month. The estimated costs of the Ecoboats varies between 0.5 million dollars to 1.2 million dollars per year. Leading to a cost per tonnes of 1000 to 2800 $ per tonnes.

These numbers are extremely high, and with another solution this could be brought down. Therefore, the sys-tem should be designed to have a high uptime: so contin-uous filtering. Also the aforementioned filtering depth of 2 meter results in higher efficiency. In shipping economy of scale is a known concept; larger ships result in (rela-tively) low capex, low labor costs and low fuel consump-tion (or higher speeds).

At this stage it is difficult to precisely predict the efficien-cy and cost structure of our solution. However, we are convinced that the effectivity will be a magnitude higher than the currently used clean-up methods i.e. Ecoboats. We propose a feasibility study to a up scaled waste col-lection vessel and from the outcomes a tailored, efficient vessel can be engineered, build and delivered.

What/ how will the value chain look likeCleaning the floating from Guanabara Bay, will lead to a better environment for people and nature. The collected floating waste should be inserted into the waste collec-tion and processing system. IHC will sell its equipment to a contractor in Rio.

Similar types of projectsAt smaller scale floating waste has been collected in reservoirs and at other water bodies around the world. However, the conditions of the Guanabara Bay and the amount of waste make this a unique project and there-fore this could be the showcase to the rest of the world.

ACTIVITY PLAN

Phase 01 - Feasibility (until 08.2015)Target: Clear objectives, criteria and specifications as in-put for the design of the vessel and the cost calculation. Resulting in a feasibility study.

Phase 02 – Realisation (until 08.2016)Target: Engineering, building and delivery of the equip-ment and training of personnel. Start cleaning up in Gua-nabara Bay or Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas by Brazilian con-tracting party.


ANNEX

ABOUT - COMPANY PROFILE

Royal IHC Royal IHC (IHC) is focused on the continuous develop-ment of design and construction activities for the spe-cialist maritime sector. It is the global market leader for efficient dredging and mining vessels and equipment – with vast experience accumulated over decades – and a reliable supplier of innovative ships and supplies for off-shore construction. IHC has in-house expertise for engineering and manu-facturing integrated standard and custom-built vessels, advanced equipment and also providing life-cycle sup-port. This integrated systematic approach has helped to develop optimum product performance and long-term business partnerships.The company’s broad customer base includes dredging operators, oil and gas corporations, offshore contractors and government authorities.

IHC has over 3,000 employees based at various locations in The Netherlands, Brazil, China, Croatia, France, India, Malaysia, the Middle East, Nigeria, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Technological innovation will remain the company’s un-derlying strength through its continuous investment in research and development. Moreover, it helps to safe-guard a sustainable environment.


WAS

TEW

ATER


10.RESTORATION OF

LAGOA RODRIGO DE FREITAS


PERSPECTIVE: “TAKE A SWIM IN LAGOS RODRIGO DE FREITAS (AND ENJOY)”

ScopeThe Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon is located in Rio de Janeiro between the south side of the Corcovado Mountain and the sea in a highly populated urban area. The lagoon, lo-cated next to the Botanical garden, is one of Rio’s most-loved landmarks. Lagoon and park have a great appeal as a major leisure place in the city. However, the poor qual-ity of the water and the annual massive fish deaths ac-companied with malodor have a strong negative impact on the attraction of the lagoon and the surrounding area. In addition to the long-term problems, an urgent con-cern is that the Olympic rowing and canoeing event will take place on the lagoon in august 2016. Recent major fish deaths raise the question if it is possible to achieve

the required water quality goals before the start of the Olympic Games.

The Lagoon has been negatively impacted by human ac-tivities for decades. Important aspects causing the en-vironmental degradation, disrupted ecosystem and fish death are:1. Illegal and faulty connections to the storm water sew-

er and untreated anthropogenic waste runoff from the communities causing pathogens contamination.

2. The second condition is the reduced lagoon-sea wa-ter exchange, which accelerates the accumulation of organic matter, increments adverse conditions to fish breathing and reinforces the activity of sulphate-reduc-ing bacteria.

3. Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas is subject to a natural process called eutrophication, in which an aquatic ecosystem is enriched with several types of nutrients, especially


nitrogen and phosphorus. That results in the excessive production of algae and macro algae. When these al-gae die this can cause low dissolved oxygen levels, be-cause of degradation processes. The low oxygen levels leads to (instant) fish deaths.

4. The fourth environmental condition potentially causing the sudden death of the fish is a sharp fall in the air temperature that cools the water surface layer, and/or strong winds that generate waves. Both associated events lead to a significant water column circulation that promotes re-suspension of bottom sediments and later organic matter oxidation, thus reducing the dis-solved oxygen concentration in the water.

5. Due to uncontrolled landfill and sedimentation the sur-face area and depth of the lagoon has decreased rapid-ly in the 20th century leading to a fragile ecosystem.

In the past various proposals and implementations to im-prove the quality of the lagoon were made but none were permanently successful. Unless integrated measures are taken, the following risks exist to the City of Rio the Ja-neiro and the Olympic Committee: 1. The reputation of Rio de Janeiro and the Olympic com-

mittee will suffer if the water quality stays this bad or massive fish deaths or blooms of toxic algae occur during or prior to the Olympic Games.

2. The human health may be significantly affected by the presence of pathogenic microorganisms originating from untreated sewage that is released into the lagoon. Research shows a high percentage of E-coli in the Ma-cacos River that flows into the Lagoon.

3. The deteriorating situation of the lake will lead to a loss in livability and impact the health of the inhabitants. Malodour and waste will cause economical damage to the area and loss of capital.

4. Over time different measures have been taken to re-cover the water quality. These actions have not yet led to sufficient improvement. If no measures are taken the high economical value and recreational potential is not used and public trust in the government will decrease.

As stated above a lot of work has been done in the past (100 years) and the Lagoa has been subject to various proposals and implementations, unfortunately none of them were permanently successful. Many approaches have been just technical. Often the incentive to really do something about the situation was lacking, the benefits were not clear, information about the causes was lacking and the commitment from stakeholders was missing. We propose a truly holistic approach taking all these aspects in account. Combined with the urgency of the moment because of the Olympic Games, we are sure that our ap-proach will be successful.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachThe disrupted ecosystem of the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas has multiple related causes. The ecosystem cannot be re-stored by single or short-term measures, but requires an integrated system approach with combined actions and measures addressing the entire water system. Besides technical measures, commitment from all stakeholders is necessary to be successful. This means we intend to include them all and make sure not only the water quality


“ SO, LET’S TAKE A SWIM IN LAGOA RODRIGO DE FREITAS”


will improve, but that the benefits will be wider. This leads to an increase of livability, recreational use and real-es-tate value. Nevertheless, the Olympic event requires ad-equate short-term measures to improve the water quality before the summer of 2016. The short- and long-term goals will be reached by developing a long-term integrat-ed master plan. Along this process, we will implement considered no-regret measurements to realize short and medium term goals. Essential in this process is the use of the existing knowledge. In the past intensive research was carried out consisting of water quality monitoring, hydraulic modeling and ecological research.

The above process is realized by the use of a triple track approach:

1. Master planDeveloping an integrated plan including a business plan, stakeholder involvement, institutional anchoring, with a combination of the different technical solutions embed-ded into the spatial context.

2. Short, medium and long term no-regret measuresDesign and implementation of short, medium and long term no-regret measures.

3. Knowledge exchange Exchange of existing knowledge and creating water awarenessThe process consists of a continuous exchange between the three tracks, making optimal use of existing knowl-edge and insuring short and medium term measures contribute to the long-term plan and measures. This pre-vents non-effective short-term measures.

Track 1: Develop long term master plan and implementation

Track 1 consist of 3 steps:a) Conducting an integrated study including gap analysisb) Developing a master planc) Implementation of master plan measures

a) Integrated study including gap analysis. In the past intensive monitoring and research have been conducted. In an integrated study the existing research and data will be collected and assessed. This will give a thorough insight in the physical system of the lagoon and gives an overview of the problems of the lagoon. This study also deals with the influence that the surrounding area has on the system of the Lake. And, in addition it will identify solutions and opportunities there are in the immediate vicinity of the lagoon.


This integrated study is necessary to be able to propose no-regret measures. Besides the physical system, we will look at the socio- economic, environmental and recre-ational opportunities in order to develop a broader vi-sion for the lagoon. This will result in a positive boost for the area and surrounding. We especially will make use of existing information and we expect only little additional research will be needed. The required data are shown in annex 2.

b) Developing a master plan With the inquired data from the integrated study a mas-ter plan is developed. The master plan consists of a long term plan for the water and ecological system including socio-economic, environmental and recreational aspects. The master plan gives a set of (short, medium and long-term) measures that collectively contribute to the resto-ration of the lagoon and its surroundings. In the master plan we will also make the benefits of the measures clear. This means not just the impact on water quality but also the added value or reduced costs in time. By looking at the project as a ‘business case’ the incen-tive of implementing the suggestions will become bigger. In the process we involve the identified stakeholders to increase their commitment. Also we will address the in-stitutional problems regarding the Lagoa; during the mis-sion it became clear that it is not clear who is involved, who decides and who is responsible for what. For a long term sustainable solution it is essential to conclude the governance framework.

c) Implementation of master plan measuresOne of the results will be a selection of measures on a master plan level agreed upon with the important stake-holders. These measures need to be designed in detail in order to be implemented.

Examples of possible measures:• Creatingaconstructedwetlandforthetreatmentof

domesticwastewaterfromthecommunities• Mowingboatstoremoveplantsoutofthelagoon• Bringinquickwinsonsewagehotspotsbyclosing

pipesorbringingintemporarytreatmentplants.• Preventsewageinflowbydetectingfaultconnec-

tionstothestormwatersystemanddisconnectthem.

• Createcirculationtoimproveoxygenamount• Removetopofpollutedsedimentandaddnewlayer• Enlarge/improvetheexchangewiththeOcean• RestoreFishcomposition• Reducingwindstretchandwavestopreventover-

turningandfishstarvation

Track 2: Defining and implementing short and medium term no-regret measures Along with the process of developing the master plan, insight in opportunities and problems will increase. Based on this insight it will be possible to take no-regret mea-sures. No-regret measures are identified based on a guar-anteed positive impact on the goals of the project and no negative impact for the stakeholders. Short-term mea-sures could consist of mobile treatment plants, mowing boats and the removal of polluted sediments.




THE CITY


ENLARGE EXCHANGEWITH THE

OCEAN

CIRCULARREGENERATION

OF WATER

KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE

AWARENESS OF WATER



THE CITY

MICRONATURAL


THE CITY


Track 3: Knowledge exchangeTo develop sustainable solutions we need to share knowl-edge with the local Brazilian inhabitants. In our opinion this should go in two ways. Much is known already of the existing situation and the Brazilians have a lot of rel-evant local knowledge of the situation. This is not limited to the water quality but consist of a wider context on how to make this project successful on socio-economic aspects, stakeholder wishes and institutional system as-pects. We want to make as much as possible use of this existing knowledge. The other way around we would like to share our best experiences in similar projects. This can be technical but also about maintenance, operations etc. This exchange should secure that the solutions will last and will not be limited to just implementation.

Besides the knowledge about the technical and ecolog-ical situation, we have the ambition to involve the local inhabitants. The success of implementing local measures like for example a natural treatment system is greatly de-pending on broad local support. Creating involvement of local inhabitants will lead to sustainable conscious-ness and water awareness and can be an example for the area and the country as well. For this project, we will involve schools to explain how the water system works and make people aware of the responsibility for their own surroundings. Creating this ownership and awareness is necessary for a sustainable community. In this way the project could (or should) be an example for how to deal with the problems in Guanabara Bay.

POSSIBLE MEASURES


POSSIBLE MEASURES


LAGOA RODRIGODE FREITAS2.3 KM2

GUANABARA BAY400 KM2

X 174 =


Unique points• Anintegratedapproachofprivate(knowledgeabout

developmentandrealisation)andpublic(knowledgeaboutoperation/maintenanceandpracticalprob-lems)experience.

• Athoroughstudyoftwoyears(OozeArchitects)ofthelocalwatersupplyandwastewatermanage-mentinRiodeJaneiroisperformed.Thisresultedinessentialknowledgeoftheenvironmentalproblems,andsocialandpoliticalunderstandingofthecurrentsituation.

• Thelocalpresence(Arcadis)willprovidestrongdevelopmentandrealisation)andpublic(knowledgeaboutoperation/maintenanceandpracticalprob-lems)experience.

• Athoroughstudyoftwoyears(OozeArchitects)ofthelocalwatersupplyandwastewatermanage-mentinRiodeJaneiroisperformed.Thisresultedinessentialknowledgeoftheenvironmentalproblems,andsocialandpoliticalunderstandingofthecurrentsituation.

• Thelocalpresence(Arcadis)willprovidestrongprojectmanagementwithlocalknowledgeandexperience.

• Anextensivenetworkoflocalstakeholderswithtechnicalexpertiseandpoliticaldecision-makingpower.ThisnetworkprovidesuswithaninvaluablesupportinBrazil.

• Ourapproachwillcreatebenefitsforthearea.Acleanandattractiveareawillleadtoanincreaseofthereal-estatevalueandliveabilityofthearea.

• TheOlympicGamescreatesamomentumandurgencytostarttheprojectandgetpoliticalsupportandinvolvement.

• Strongandeffectiveknowledgeonecologyandwaterquality(RoyalHaskoningDHV)

• Raisesustainableconsciousness-ThecityofRiodeJaneiroispresentlyrunningacampaigntoraisepublicawarenessaboutgarbageandpollution.TheLagoaprojectwillbeaproofthatitispossibletoreversethedamageofpollutionsignificantly,locallyandrecognizably.

• WiththeinvolvementofWaternetasapubliccompany,weunderstandthecultureofotherpubliccompanieslikeCEDAEandComlurbandcanofferaWaterOperatorPartnership.


ECONOMICAL CALCULATION AND TIME SCHEDULEProject element Estimation of the costs Time Track 1a - Integrated study including gap analyses on the lagoon system and its surrounding

€ 75.000,- 1 month after start

Track 1b: Master plan and breakdown in elements and schedule of implementation. The plan Includes stakeholder involvement, a business plan and institutional anchoring.

€ 450.000,- 6 months after start

Track 1c: Implementation of master plan measures Depending on the measures Depending on the measures. Start after 6 months

Track 2: Defining short and medium term no regret measures € 75.000,- 3 months after startTrack 3: Knowledge exchange € 150.000,- Ongoing process



Similar types of projects in other countries and or related projects in Brazil • LagoonsCartagenadeIndias–Colombia • LagoonsCityofTunis-Tunisia • LagoonsEilat–Israël • LagoonsAbidjan-IvoryCoast. • AguaCarioca • King’sCrossPondClub • LaCorporaciónAutónomaRegionaldelValledel CaucaColombia-PreparationofaMasterPlan toreducefloodriskandrestoretheriverecosystem. Hydraulicmodelling,studyofthebehaviourofthe geohydrologyandmorphology,analysisofthe ecosystem,analysisofthemainactors,support decisionmakingwithmultiplecriteria. • GobiernodeMyanmar-Supportinthepreparation ofanationalMasterPlanfortheintegrated managementofwaterresourcesanddefine necessarymeasurestobetakenintheshortterm • GobiernodeMyanmar-Assistinthehydraulic modelling,geohydrology,organizinggeographic informationsystem,preparemapsanddefine measurestoreducetheriskoffloodstakinginto accountotherapplications(drinkingwater, navigation,ecology,recreation,etc.)

ANNEX 1


For the described project, a project team assembled, con-sisting of Waternet, Ooze Architects, ARCADIS and Royal HaskoningDHV. The team is complementary on substan-tive and process-driven experience.

ARCADIS is an international company that provides con-sultancy, design, engineering and management services in the fields of Infrastructure, Water, Environment and Buildings. We organize our services into these four main business lines, each with its own area of strength and strategies. At the same time, these segments are natural-ly and inextricably woven together, inspiring us to work across disciplines and geographies to deliver exceptional solutions to complex issues.

Over the years, we have worked diligently to retain our core values, and we’ve made it our priority to ask our-selves the tougher questions about who we want to be-as a trusted consultant, as an employer, and as a corpo-rate citizen.


With 28,000 people worldwide and € 3 billion in rev-enues the company has an extensive international net-work that is supported by strong local market positions. We rank among the top 10 management and engineering consultancies in the world. In Europe, Brazil and Chile we have a top 5 position. In the global environmental market we are positioned in the top 3.

Our mission is to improve quality of life around the world by creating places of distinction and providing sustain-able solutions that enhance the built and natural environ-ments. In doing so, we produce exceptional value for our clients, employees and shareholders.

From microscale to urban change Ooze architects is an international practice operating in the field of architecture and urbanism specialized in the development of urban projects integrating inno-vative social, ecological and technological solutions on neighbourhood and city scale. Our practice com-bines an elaborate understanding of natural, ecolog-ical processes with technological expertise and deep insights into the social-cultural behaviour of users of the built environment. The cyclic processes found in nature form the base for each intervention and inte-grate the human scale within a holistic urban strategy. We employ a design-led approach to achieve resilient urban developments and have expertise in the following fields: • Design expertise and visual impact assessment: the

ability to anticipate on implications that infrastruc-ture projects generate in spatial, social and cultural

contexts. Our approach aims to improve local ac-ceptance by mitigating the impact on the surround-ings and integrating it into its respective urban envi-ronment.

• Technical expertise on the functioning, feasibility and implementation of systems with a focus on wa-ter treatment, rainwater catchment and recycling that reduce pollution, minimize the impact of con-struction and of operation. In our projects we al-ways aim to improve the quality of life and of public spaces.

• Communication expertise in presenting solutions in ways that are understandable and persuasive.

• Collaborative and participatory expertise ensur-ing that the proposal is well received and users take ownership and feel empowered. Therefore, invest-ments in time and resources are not wasted.

• Local knowledge: We performed a thorough study of water supply and waste water management in Rio de Janeiro during two years. Several visits re-sulted in essential knowledge of the environmental problems, and social and political understanding of the current situation.

• Local network: During these trips to Rio de Janeiro we built an extensive network of local stakeholders with technical expertise and political decision-mak-ing power. This network provides us with an in-


v a l u a b l e support in Brazil.

Ooze Architects have a significant expe-rience in developing and implementing constructed wetlands in Europe. We have managed and executed these systems in different contexts varying from post-in-dustrial to urban and public sphere applica-tions. Highlights of such implementations are “Between the Waters” a closed-loop water purification system cleaning sewage and rendering it drinkable, a sustainable urban vision for the Ruhr Region and most recently the “King’s Cross Pond Club”, UK’s first ever public natural swimming pond lo-cated in the heart of London to be opened in May 2015.

Royal HaskoningDHV is an independent, international engineering and project management consultancy with over 130 years of experience. Our professionals deliver their services in the fields of asset management, aviation, buildings, energy, industry, infrastructure, maritime, mining, strategy, transport, urban and rural plan-ning, water management and water tech-nology. Backed by the expertise and expe-rience of our 7,000 colleagues all over the world, our professionals provide their ser-vices locally to public and private clients from 100 offices in 35 countries (includ-ing Brasil and Rio de Janeiro). http://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/about-us. The current national rowing coach of the Netherlands, Mark Emke used to be em-ployed as consultant water management at Royal HaskoningDHV. He is willing to give his advice on our plans. We will bring in our expertise of very similar projects we conducted with lagoons in Colombia, Tu-nisia, Israel and Ivory Coast for which we provided services covering the full project and process cycle from feasibility until su-pervision of actual implementation.

Waternet is the water cycle company of the Amsterdam metropolitan area and responsible for drinking water treatment and distribution, waste water collection and treatment, rain water, ground water, water system management and control. Waternet is the executive organization of the municipality of Amsterdam and the regional water authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht. The unique holistic approach has proven highly beneficial in terms of reduction operational costs and sustain-ability. To become climate neutral in 2020 Waternet uses the thermal and chemical energy of the water cycle. Innovations to upgrade waste water into raw materials are future challenges. An example is the production of struvite out of sludge used as agricultural fertilizer. The international department of Waternet works with part-ners all over the world on strategic and technical issues. We share knowledge and know how on Operation & Maintenance with (utility) companies, cities, countries and ngo’s.


Expertise of Waternet as a public utility company:

• Expertiseondrinkingwater,sewage,wastewater,rainwater,groundwater,watermanagement:systemapproach,production,distribution,assets

• Practicalandexperientialknowledgeaboutthedevelopmentofwaterprojects

• ExpertiseonthepracticalaspectsonOperations&Maintenance

• Expertiseontheintegratedholisticapproach,in-cludingotherissuesforliveabilityinacitylikespatialplanning,governance,waste,transport,recreation

• Billingandcustomercare• Asapubliccompany,weunderstandthecultureof

otherpubliccompanieslikeCEDAEandComlurbandcanofferaWaterOperatorPartnership.

ANNEX 2

REQUIRED DATA FOR INTEGRATED STUDY

Vegetation and ecology dataWater quality monitoring dataGeographical dataGeotechnical dataWater balanceStorm and sewage system dataAvailable sand volumes in front of the coast available for useMeteorologicalEconomic developmentStakeholdersPlanning processesExisting plansWhat has been done already and did (not) work Educational institutes around the lagoon


11.PILOT AGUA CARIOCA WATER

SYSTEM APPLIED TO ONE CIEP SCHOOL MARÉ DISTRICT

RIO DE JANEIRO


147.

CLEAN DELTA APPROACH 2015 SECRETARIA DE ESTADO DO AMBIENTE, SEA, RIO DE JANEIRO & MINISTRY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT, NL

ScopeFrom 2012 to 2014, invited by the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and supported by the Creative Industries Funds NL, Ooze Architects performed an in-depth study of the present water supply, water management and sewage treatment situation in several of Rio de Janeiros informal settlements. The Água Carioca research project explored the potentialities of holistic, integrated, self-sufficient and local water management systems to improve social and environmental conditions in neighborhoods remote

from public infrastructure. Research results led to the development of an implementation strategy and four concrete design proposals on scales ranging from one school building to a whole city district. In conjunction the designs demonstrated the flexibility of the system and therefore its potentiality for adaptive, long-term strate-gies. The study was carried out under broad participation of actors in Brazil; results were documented in a film and exhibited at Studio-X (GSAPP Global network of urban laboratories, Columbia University, NY) in Rio de Janeiro in spring 2014.

The Água Carioca project was highly appreciated by Brazilian partners (see Annex) for its coupling of design with social, technical and environmental considerations and its communicative qualities. This new proposal builds up on this appreciation. It proposes a pilot project for a complete water management system of a public school


situated in the vicinity of the Guanabara Bay. On the one hand this pilot will give the opportunity to determine the challenges of implementing the system in the Rio de Ja-neiro context. On the other hand the chosen location in the vicinity of the Bay will provide visibility and ac-ceptance by the general public and stakeholders of the water management infrastructure as the Bay is hosting the Olympic sailing competition in 2016.

The pilot project integrates a water catchment, water treatment and solar-powered recycling system into the Helio Smidt CIEP School (Centros Integrados de Edu-cação Pública) in the Maré district. The school is in the Nova Hollanda neighbourhood and just 100m away from the Guanabara Bay. The highway Linha Vermelha, connecting the airport with the city centre borders the school, making it highly visible to a large public that passes through on a daily basis. The CIEP schools were designed by Oscar Niemeyer in1982 and became a symbol for a new system of public education. Their advanced prefab-ricated construction was reproduced in more than 500 unities. The CIEP design was conceived to provide full-time educational facilities with an integration of sportive and social activities for underprivileged children. Hygiene plays an important role in the school but unfortunately the water system of the Helio Smidt CIEP is in very bad condition. That makes it a perfect location to show the positive impact of our proposed system.

This proposed system will collect the waste water from kitchen and bathrooms of the school into a septic tank connected to a constructed wetland. A constructed wet-

land is a plant filter, whose functioning is based on natu-ral models and which purifies waste water efficiently and directly on location of the waste production. The effluent of the constructed wetland will be assembled in a water storage tank together with collected rainwater from the site. This purified water will be re-used for the toilets of the school. The sinks and showers of the bathrooms will run with drinking water from the municipal grid. The re-cycled water will also be used to water edible plants in the newly installed school garden. Purified water that is not needed for these purposes will run clean into the Guanabara Bay.

OBJECTIVES

The pilot will be a showcase for the innovative integrated ÁGUA CARIOCA WATER SYSTEM (ACWS) technology. Furthermore, each element of the system will be visible and readable in order to function as a “living classroom” and life size educational model for school children and visitors to understand and propagate sustainable use of the precious water resource. The pilot also increases the inner city biodiversity and showcases the capacity of nature to regenerate itself positively transforming public areas. This exact model of an integrated water system can be replicated to the other CIEP schools of the State of Rio de Janeiro creating a large potential of up-scaling the technology.

The ACWS directly addresses two of the most urgent problems in Brazils fast growing metropolises: water


scarcity and the lack of basic sanitation. Projects inside the ACWS will adapt decentralized water systems to the Brazilian conditions and develop the technical and finan-cial aspects for large-scale implementation of these sys-tems in the context of the upcoming Olympic games in 2016. Planning actors in Rio de Janeiro, the municipality, politicians and non-governmental organizations are re-ceptive to new approaches that address water manage-ment incrementally, in an integrated way and rely on the participation of the end users making the success of the proposed pilot very likely.* (More information ore in the ANNEX)

Other projects results are, next to the improvements for this particular school, a valuable professional knowledge and expertise in implementation strategies. Market potentials for such systems in Brazil are large. There are abundant, suburban and remote settlements that suffer from poor water conditions. The Brazilian government will invest approximately 155 Billion Euros into the Na-tional Sanitation Plan (PLANSAB) in the next 20 years. A large part of this sum is allocated to the improvement of informal neighbourhoods that present difficulties that cannot be solved efficiently with traditional technologies. Ooze already made contacts with potential Brazilian part-ners and was strongly encouraged to pursue this particu-lar project implementing the ACWS technology. Brazilian partners see the project as an exemplary showcase to demonstrate their engagement in sustainable strategies that improve conditions, specifically in the context of the upcoming Olympic Games in 2016.

Next to several issues mentioned above and others such as ecology, construction and costs the pilot will:

• Reverse environmental pollution and river degra-dation - The city of Rio de Janeiro is aware and in need of finding solutions to reverse the damage of untreated waste water discharge into its rivers, the Guanabara Bay and the Ocean. A successful pilot could lead to an up-scaling of the ACWS to be im-plemented for potentially up to 11 million people. A first calculation indicates that at least 1.3 million people could benefit from an initial up-scaling.

• Raise sustainable consciousness - The city of Rio de Janeiro is presently running a campaign to raise public awareness about garbage and pollution. The ACWS pilots will be a living proof that it is possible to reverse the damage of pollution significantly, lo-cal and recognizable.


• Give positive signals - Installing the ACWS pilots into the Maré favela is aligned with the trend of Rio Government and Municipality to occupy those areas with social, cultural and educational projects radically changing its current use.

• Exchange - ACWS pilot will bring an international project and tested idea to a “new area” that the gov-ernment of Rio de Janeiro is eager to transform.

• Bring visibility - the opening and location of ACWS in Mare will bring international visibility to Rio de Janei-ro, specially the pacification project (UPP). It is a posi-tive agenda to the local community and internationally.

• Promote social inclusion.• Give insights into locations where it can be applied to.

BENEFICIARIES

Municipality of Rio de JaneiroThe media exposure due to the upcoming Olympic Games increased the pressure to tackle water man-agement problems and helped the municipality of Rio de Janeiro to agree in participating in this project. The municipality recognized the need for alternative sewage treatment systems that are placed into the surroundings of informal city areas.

Results of this project will create an image of institution-al competence from planning authorities in addressing problems in underprivileged neighbourhoods. The pro-posed system can show its versatility to local and regional decision makers such as the INEA (State Environmental

Institute of Rio de Janeiro State) CEDAE (State Compa-ny for Water and Sewage), Committee of the Guanabara Bay, PSAM (Sanitation Program for the Guanabara Bay Area) and Niteroi Municipality. This will create a favour-able commitment from politicians, administrations and non-governmental actors that are essential for the prop-agation of these systems.

“Living classrooms”: The population of informal neighbourhoodsHow can experience enhance further development? Once implemented this installation will be used as a tool to interact with residents on the questions of wa-ter management, water awareness and how to overcome the current status quo. This will pose a radically different and alternative approach to current planning processes. Seeing the water sewage creates a real and playful expe-rience to local inhabitants and school children. Stirring up imagination, lending itself to fruitful debates and enabling citizens to actively participate in the development of their living conditions. Implementing this non-conventional approach is crucial to overcome the institutional barriers that hinder the adoption of more effective procedures in water management.

Dutch companiesThis project has the potential to strengthen the Dutch expertise in the area of combining decentralized sanita-tion and urban planning in informal neighbourhoods in order to expand in the sector of waste water treatment combined with architecture and urbanism in the coming years. Furthermore, it adds a new outlook on one of the


key themes of the “Innovatiecontract Watertechnologie” (TOPSECTOR WATER). Amongst the focus points are fu-ture-proof production of drinkable water and advanced sewage treatment. Additionally the Dutch Top team ad-vises will connect concrete projects with social and eco-nomic goals, interdisciplinary collaborations and building with nature. Addressing all these issues and combin-ing then with urban and architectural experiences will showcase a new angle of the Dutch knowledge about small scale water management systems and innovative design for public spaces in Brazil.

PILOT : CONCRETE STEPS

Vertical flow constructed wetland for a public school in the Maré neighbourhood.The water infrastructure system for the school will con-sist of the following elements:• Pipeconnectionsto10toiletsusedbyapproximate-

ly900children• Aseptictankof10m3andapumppit• 300m2ofConstructedWetlands• Aneffluentstorageof20m3• Dischargepipestothelocalstream• Arainwaterharvestingsystemonanareaofapprox-

imately90m3• Arainwaterstoragetankof10m3• Asmallgardenandalearnandplayarea• Asolarsystemtopowerthepumps

ACTIVITY PLAN

Phase 1 – Preparation, meetings with school staff and local community membersThe first stage is about understanding and studying the water system and the needs of the school. The physical and social spaces are surveyed and mapped, precise us-age and behaviour related to water is documented; the ACWS is presented and approved by the directors of the school;

Phase 2 - DesignThe second phase is about developing the vision and es-tablishing the partnerships to deliver it. Results: a) A detailed proposal of ACWS system based on an in depth survey with the approval of all local par-ticipants. b) Identification of local building materials and methods and a detailed cost estimation.

Phase 3 - Pre-constructionThe third stage is about creating a blueprint of the project including plans, codes and frameworks that will further define and guide the development of the built form. The focus is on converting designs to approvals.Results: a) The complete detailed technical construction documents. b) Permits are obtained from the water and municipal authorities. c) The formation of a team of build-ers and local site managers.

Phase 4 - ConstructionThis stage consists of the delivery of the built form, coordi-nation of different packages, to educate and to equip the


inhabitants with the knowledge to maintain the ACWS, and to set up an awareness and trainings program. Results: a) The builders and contractors are signed on. b) The pilot system of ACWS is completed. c) ACWS is tested. c) The effluents are tested and the results are ap-proved.

Phase 5 - Dissemination The final stage includes the communication strategy, post occupancy implementations and research. Results: a) The organization of a conference to spread the knowledge about ACWS. b) The presentation to the mu-nicipality of a proposal for up-scaling the ACWS in other neighbourhoods.

Project element Estimation of the costs Time Phase 1: Feasibility studyTravel, accommodation and other expenses

€ 42.900,-€ 16.920,-

1 month after start

Phase 2: Pre-construction :Technical Design fees Travel, accommodation and other expenses

€ 46.800,-€ 12.220,-

3 months after start

Phase 3: Construction Tender preparation and planning fees Travel, accommodation and expenses

€ 47.400,-€ 11.570,-


Phase 4: Construction of water system for the Helio Smidt CIEPManaging fees: Materials water system CIEP Construction work water system CIEPConstruction work garden CIEPTravel, accommodation and expenses

€ 42.300,-€ 108.55.0,-€ 148.400,-€ 5.460,-€ 12.220,-


Phase 5: Dissemination water system for other CIEPS, maintenance € 32.300,-€ 23.970,-


Total € 553.990,-


Innovative technology using constructed wetlandsThey are low cost decentralized, self-sustaining, biological cleaning devices, which are effective and proven alterna-tives to medium size waste water treatment plants. Such systems have a range of advantages in respect to con-ventional ones. They are of a decentralized nature with small units cleaning the sewage of a group of buildings. Constructed wetlands minimize the expensive and bulky transport of water and sewage. These systems dispense costly large-scale sewage plants that require a well-de-veloped piping network. They are cheap, quick and easy to install. The maintenance is simple not requiring high skills or sophisticated infrastructure. Their impact in com-munities and neighbourhoods is significant, especially in low-income areas that suffer from waste water manage-ment problems. The perspective is that the benefits will motivate beneficiaries to defend and maintain the Con-structed Wetlands.Ooze Architects has significant experience in develop-ing and implementing water systems in Europe. Through cooperation we have developed a unique expertise that combines technical knowledge in waste- and rainwater management, creative urban planning and experience about implementation strategies that respond to varied socio-cultural environments.

Up-scaling: Next StepsThrough the knowledge and insight gained with this project the team is confident to successfully apply their knowledge on situations that require urgency, maximum flexibility and adaptability. Ooze Architects have, through many visits to Rio, built-up many valuable contacts and

support in Brazil. During the last two years it received positive feedback in discussions and meetings with the municipality, environmental institutions and most impor-tantly from the communities themselves about the pos-sibility of implementing these technologies. During the realization of the project, Ooze will undertake a set of steps to realize market potentials.

ANNEX

COMPANY PROFILES

ExpertiseOoze Architects have been researching the possibilities of natural and even self-sufficient water systems through several realized works in different geographical and social settings in Europe since 2009. The project ÁGUA CARIO-CA WATER SYSTEM, including all the above-mentioned insights increase the expertise in the field of integrated strategies for decentralized urban waste water manage-ment. Our expertise is to combine (1) the technical, (2) the spatial and (3) the social aspects into one holistic vi-sion. It enables us to provide highly relevant and required consultancy to municipalities or government agencies that are dealing with the specific topic of sanitation and urban planning.While there are many experts on distinct aspects of water systems and neighbourhoods, few practices have special-ized on integrated approaches. That the Brazilian part-ners strongly embrace the initiative taken by the Dutch


consortium, underpins that point. It is also underpinned by other organizations that have expressed their inter-ests such as the FUNBIO, the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund and the Niteroi municipality. The commitment of Brazil-ian partners assures the Dutch consortium that it can, through carrying out the project, unlock larger business opportunities, once having introduced the two well-func-tioning pilots.

Ooze ArchitectsFrom microscale to urban change Ooze architects is an international practice operating in the field of architec-ture and urbanism specialized in the development of ur-ban projects integrating innovative social, ecological and technological solutions on neighbourhood and city scale. Our practice combines an elaborate understanding of natural, ecological processes with technological expertise and deep insights into the social-cultural behaviour of us-ers of the built environment. The cyclic processes found in nature form the base for each intervention and inte-grate the human scale within a holistic urban strategy. We employ a design-led approach to achieve resilient urban developments and have expertise in the following fields:

• Design expertise and visual impact assessment: the ability to anticipate on implications that infrastruc-ture projects generate in spatial, social and cultural contexts. Our approach aims to improve local ac-ceptance by mitigating the impact on the surround-ings and integrating it into its respective urban envi-ronment.



• Collaborative and participatory expertise ensur-ing that the proposal is well received and users take ownership and feel empowered. Therefore, invest-ments in time and resources are not wasted.


• Local network: During these trips to Rio de Janeiro we built an extensive network of local stakeholders with technical expertise and political decision-mak-ing power. This network provides us with an invalu-able support in Brazil.


Ooze Architects have a significant experience in devel-oping and implementing constructed wetlands in Eu-rope. We have managed and executed these systems in different contexts varying from post-industrial to urban and public sphere applications. Highlights of such imple-mentations are “Between the Waters” a closed-loop wa-ter purification system cleaning sewage and rendering it drinkable, a sustainable urban vision for the Ruhr Region and most recently the “King’s Cross Pond Club”, UK’s first ever public natural swimming pond located in the heart of London to be opened in May 2015.

The leading team for Agua Carioca Water System consists of:Eva Pfannes, Dipl.-Ing., B.Sc., Architect, Director and Project managerSylvain Hartenberg, ENSAIS, M.Sc, Architect, Design DirectorMario Campanella, M.Sc, Engineer, Project Coordinator, based in Brazil and the Netherlands

BRAZILIAN PARTNERS

Instituto Perreira PassosThe Pereira Passos Institute is dedicated to produce data and knowledge about the city in order to support pub-lic management. It is a centre for research, planning and strategic projects of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro with approximately 100 employees. It also coordinates the Pacifying Police Unit Social (UPP Social), the strategy of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro to promote urban, social and economic integration of the areas of the city benefiting from the Pacifying Police Units (UPPs). The Municipal Strategic Information Council is an organ of the Instituto Pereira Passos and link between academia and the public sector.

Secretaria Municipal da HabitaçãoThe Municipal Housing Office (SMH) operates in urban-ization and regularization of slums and settlements, while promoting housing construction in areas endowed with infrastructure, seeking to cater mainly to low-income population. Their mission is to ensure access to housing and legal infrastructure for the urban low-income pop-ulation as a basic social right. This is done with a focus on social inclusion and respect for the environment, an integrated process of urban planning and with the partic-ipation of society.The Municipal Housing Office is responsible for the co-ordination, planning and management of projects and works in the favelas (Brazilian slums).


Redes da MaréThe Maré Development Network (“Redes”) is a non-gov-ernmental civil society organization (NGO) that promotes sustainable development. Redes consist of a network of actors working towards the structural transformation of a group of favela communities called Maré. Through projects and research, Redes fights the socioeconomic in-equalities that characterize Rio de Janeiro and produces information about low-income communities. Redes were founded to create an alternative that combines social mobilization with research and proposals to improve the quality of life in the communities of Maré. Based on this premise, the Redes strengthens the professional and in-tellectual potential of Maré while at the same time paving the way for truly sustainable development. (www.redes-damare.org.br)

CooperationThe objective between Dutch and Brazilian Partners is to employ a multidisciplinary approach to the implemen-tation of water treatment and recycling systems that re-duce pollution and improve the quality of life and public spaces. Brazilian partners share an interest in the improvement of social and environmental conditions in neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro. They recognize the potential of decen-tralized waste water treatment and reuse, as proposed in this pilot and have agreed to assist with their respective knowledge and expertise. The cooperation among Dutch and Brazilian partners builds up on existing professional and social networks. Ooze Architects has, through many visits to Rio, built-up valuable contacts and support in Brazil. During the last two years it got positive feedback in discussions and meetings with the municipality, en-vironmental institutions and most importantly from the communities themselves about the possibility of imple-menting this kind of systems. Cooperation among part-ners from different countries is enhanced through the employment of the Brazilian Engineer Mario Campanella at the Ooze Architects office.

http://www.redesdamare.org.br/

http://www.redesdamare.org.br/


12.TIJUCA RIO

CARIOCA PROJECT


INTRODUCTION

The Tijuca Rio Carioca Project was initiated in March 2015 during a visit to the source of the Rio Carioca in the Tijuca forest of Rio de Janeiro. Yvon Wolthuis from ISI (Investments in sustainable innovations) was working on an assignment for the WWF Brazil, who were guiding a tour during which the course of the river was followed, local communities and the old water retention areas were visited. The possibilities for a sustainable water manage-ment project were discussed on the spot and subse-quently ISI invited and linked various parties from Brazil and the Netherlands to perform a feasibility study and pilot project for those communities along the emblematic Rio Carioca, who has given its name to all inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro. This study, the Tijuca Rio Carioca proj-ect, addresses the development of a sustainable strat-egy to integrate the natural water-cycle into the urban environment including aspects such as flood prevention, water retention, collection and supply, natural sewage treatment, environmental conservation and recreational facilities. It will be carried out by Ooze Architects and Arcadis in close cooperation with the local communities, the Tijuca National Park management, the concessionaire and WWF Brazil. The project, located in the vicinity of busiest tourist attraction in the State, will hopefully be of great interest to all relevant parties and therefore be warmly welcomed. The Tijuca Forest is home to 30 wa-terfalls, fed by streams later harnessed for drinking water, and hundreds of plant and animal species, many of which are unique to the delicate ecosystem of the Atlantic Rain-forest. For WWF Brazil a project like this would add sig-

nificantly to the conservation goals set and it will be a valuable addition to the curriculum of the Park. Hopefully it will be the first conservation target of its kind to be replicated in other areas.

ScopeThe TIJUCA RIO CARIOCA project targets to implement a sustainable water cycle into the urban environment in-cluding all of the following aspects: improving the provi-sion, management and useful sourcing of available fresh water (including rainwater collection); sanitation including improved waste water collection and local waste water treatment using constructed wetlands; storm water run-off, ecology and river restoration; all of theses aspects will add to reducing the negative environmental impacts. A positive environmental outcome through integral man-agement of the available water quantity, enabling water retention, facilitating water re-use and sound water dis-posal will be significant, so will it be for people living along the river that depend on its water for their daily living.

The goal of the TIJUCA RIO CARIOCA project is to im-plement this sustainable water management in close co-operation with the three communities. With this holistic approach, the partners will be able to create a sustainable climate resilient environment ensuring access to safe wa-ter, water availability in times of scarcity and water safety during peaks. Close cooperation with the local communi-ty is a pre-requisite for successful implementation. WWF Brazil is very happy to support this project. Within the Tijuca National Park in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the Rio Carioca has its source. The watershed is fed by


natural springs and topped with rainwater. The Rio Cario-ca runs downstream into the city becomes subterranean, eventually debouching into the Guanabara Bay. The water of the Rio Carioca is used by the upstream com-munities on a ‘first come first serve’ basis and the waste water is not treated before it is released back into the Rio Carioca’s natural flow downstream. The first communities that use the water from the Rio Carioca are Cerro-Corá, Guararapes and Vila Cândido. Their 2,800 inhabitants are literally living at the ‘gates’ of the Tijuca National Park which is covering 32 km2. It is the largest urban forest in the world and one of the last remnants of Atlantic rain-forest on Brazil’s southern coast. The park is an oasis in the city and attracts about 3 million visitors each year vis-iting the famous Christ the Redeemer statue high above the city. The Tijuca National park has been managed sus-tainably by WWF Brazil for many decades and has been granted the official status of a Natural Protected Area. The visitors to the statue of Christ often have to wait in line for a long time and an additional attractive stop would be of great benefit to all, especially if educational and touristic aspects and a real life holistic water cycle can be combined. Since many years the communities mentioned above are closely connected with the man-agement of the park through employment opportunities, such as reforestation.

In order to progress with this challenging, appealing proj-ect, the partners suggest to execute a feasibility study to examine how this system can contribute to solving the water problems of this small group of three favelas close to the source of the Rio Carioca and thus set an example

of how the pollution can be addressed at the source and thus help cleaning the Guanabara Bay.

During the feasibility study, the following aspects will be researched on how they can contribute to a sustainable and resilient water system:• Water supply possibilities - rain water collection

and storage, supply from the local water streams and water recycling aspects will be investigated.

• Sanitation - A local decentralized water collection and treatment system using constructed wetlands in the communities will be researched. Construct-ed Wetlands are natural water purification systems using plant filters. With the implementation of con-structed wetlands odour nuisance and the environ-mental pollution of the river is directly relieved, the quality of life and public spaces in the communities is improved; Such systems have a wide range of advantages in respect to conventional sewage and WWT plants especially in areas which are not linked to any collection network.

• Water reservoirs – Creating water retention in water reservoirs and using the existing reservoirs near the source will secure water availability during times of scarcity.

• Water education and tourism – Developing the area of the existing reservoirs for educational, rec-reational and touristic purposes to communicate the ecological value of the area and the working of the water cycle. This will lead to sustainable con-sciousness and water awareness and can generate new income for the locals;


161.

• Storm water runoff, river restoration and ecology, implementing water retention areas and improving the natural river system and ecological quality of the riverbanks will create a resilient water system to prevent flooding in peak run-off situations and improve the ecological quality of the river.

• Facilities preventing solid waste from entering into the Rio Carioca, especially before it enters the underground part between Largo di Boticario in Cosme Velho and Praia do Flamengo.

With an integrated feasibility study the team can get in-sights into the hydrological system and the needs of the area to determine necessary measures and developments.The pilot will integrate an example of a water treatment and reuse systems into this specific geographic, spatial and ecological context. The project will achieve a start of a physical remaking of this neighbourhood. Crucial for the project is the participation of the inhabitants by let-ting the users take ownership of their situation. During all stages of implementation the local communities will be familiarized with the concept and its technical function-ing so that each phase will start with common consent. Brazilian planning officials and non-governmental organi-zations will enhance the formation of consent. The team will be supported on location by the WWF.

“Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth... these are one and the same fight. We must connect the dots between climate change, water scarcity, energy shortages, global health, food security and women’s empowerment. Solutions to one problem must be solutions for all.”

- Ban Ki-moon


To prove its functioning and make it widely accepted the development of a well designed pilot under tropical condi-tions is needed. It will provide the expertise, trust and be a media-effective instrument at this crucial time of height-ened awareness in the run-up to the Olympics 2016. Project results are, next to improvements in the life standards of the communities a valuable professional knowledge and expertise on implementation strategies for constructed wetlands within challenging neighbour-hoods. Market potentials for such systems in Brazil are large. There are abundant suburban and remote settle-ments that suffer from poor water conditions. The Bra-zilian government recognizes these problems. In the next 20 years it will invest up to 155 Billion Euro into the National Sanitation Plan (PLANSAB), a large part of which is allocated for the improvement of informal neigh-bourhoods. These places present difficulties that cannot be solved with current local knowledge. The Dutch con-sortium forwarding this proposal already made contacts with potential Brazilian partners and was strongly en-couraged by them to pursue with the project. Brazilian partners see the project as an exemplary showcase to demonstrate their engagement in sustainable strategies that improve conditions, specifically in the context of the upcoming Olympic Games in 2016. For the inhabitants of the favelas the project will lead to an improvement of the liveability of the neighbourhood consisting of better access to clean water and sanitation and less contamina-tion. Creating involvement of local inhabitants will lead to sustainable consciousness and water awareness and can be an example for the area.


The goal of the TIJUCA ÁGUA CARIOCA project is to-gether with the local community successfully establish a sustainable water system. We propose a holistic ap-proach taking all water aspects into account form water provision, sanitation, storm water runoff, ecology and riv-er restoration.

Phase 1 - Feasibility study, master plan and partnershipThe first stage is about understanding and studying the water system and the needs of the community. The phys-ical and social space are surveyed and mapped, precise usage and behavior related to water is documented; the Agua Carioca water system (ACWS) is presented and approved by the local community in various community meetings. The second part of the first phase is develop-ing the vision and establishing the partnerships to deliver it. Together with WWF, authorities and local community, a collectively agreed-upon vision is created. Result: A detailed proposal of ACWS system based on the survey is made; all local participants give their ap-proval; local building materials and methods are identi-fied; detailed cost estimation is made within the budget.

Phase 2 - Pre-construction (Convert)The second stage is about creating a blueprint of the project including plans, codes and frameworks that will further define and guide the development of the built


form. The focus is on converting designs to approvals.Result: The detailed technical construction documents are completed; water authorities and municipal permits are given; a team of builders and the local site-manager is identified.

Phase 3 - Construction (Deliver)This stage consists of the delivery of the built form, coordination of different packages. To educate and to equip the inhabitants with the knowledge to maintain the ACWS an awareness and training program is set up. Result: The builders/ contractors are signed on; pilot sys-tem of ACWS is completed; ACWS test runs are success-ful; effluent is tested and results are approved.

Phase 4 - Dissemination (Deliver)The final stage includes the communication strategy, post occupancy implementations and research. Result: A conference to spread the knowledge about ACWS is organized; a proposal for up-scaling in other neighbourhoods is presented to the municipality.

Market potentials Ooze Architects and Arcadis see the ÁGUA CARIOCA WATER SYSTEM as a way to introduce their knowledge and expertise on the Brazilian market. The Brazilian Gov-ernment will invest €155 billion in sanitation between 2013 and 2033. An additional program Rio+Limpo (clean river) aims to reach an 80% cleaning and collecting of sewage in the next 10 years. Rio+Limpo receives € 35-50 Million per year from the FECAM (State Fund for Environmental Conservation and Urban Development).

Furthermore the FUNDRHI (State Water Resources Fund) has allocated € 10 million per year to the “Strategic program for collection and treatment of sewage”. Poten-tial clients are the municipalities who will receive funding from above mentioned funds on approval of concrete sanitation plans. While there are many experts on dis-tinct aspects of water systems and neighbourhoods, few practices have specialized on integrated approach-es. That the Brazilian partners strongly embrace the ini-tiative taken by the Dutch consortium, underpins that point. It is also underpinned by other organizations that have expressed their interests like FUNBIO, the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund and the Niteroi municipality. The com-mitment of Brazilian partners assures the Dutch consor-tium that it can, through carrying out the project, unlock larger business opportunities, once having introduced the well-functioning pilot.


COST AND VALUE ADDED CALCULATION: BUSINESS COST ESTIMATION

The estimation of the cost for the pilot of a constructed wetland system for 10 households is calculated and shown in the following table. The exact cost for the water retention and water supply measures is depending on the outcome of the feasibility study and the master plan.

Project element Estimation of costs Time Phase 1: Feasibility study, master plan and partnership, including travel and accommodation


Phase 2: Pre-construction (Convert) water system for 10 households:• Technical Design • Travel, accommodation and expenses


Phase 3: Construction (Deliver) retention/ water supply other measures

Depending on the measures Depending on the measures. Start after 3 months

Phase 3: Construction (Deliver) of water system for 10 households• Managing fees • Materials water system for 10 houses • Construction work water system 10 houses • Travel, accommodation and expenses

Depending on the measures


Phase 4: Dissemination (Deliver) water system for 10 householdsDepending on the measures


SIMILAR PROJECTS (SUCCESS STORIES)

• KingsCrossPondClub,London,UK• BetweentheWaters,Essen,Germany• AguaCariocaresearch,implementationstrategy,

designproposals,documentaryandexhibition, Studio-X,RiodeJaneiro

• XinJinWaterTownChinas• Chun’anEducation&TourismMixed• UseMasterPlan


ANNEX

COMPANY PROFILES

WWF-Brazil is a non-governmental organization dedicated to the conser-vation of nature aiming to harmonize human activity with the conservation of biodiversity and promote the ratio-nal use of natural resources for the benefit of today’s citizens and future generations. WWF- Brazil, created in

1996 and headquartered in Brasilia, develops projects across the country and is part of WWF, the largest inde-pendent network of nature conservation, with operations in more than 100 countries and the support of about 5 million people, including members and volunteers.

From microscale to urban change Ooze architects is an international practice operating in the field of architec-ture and urbanism specialized in the development of ur-ban projects integrating innovative social, ecological and technological solutions on neighbourhood and city scale. Our practice combines an elaborate understanding of natural, ecological processes with technological expertise

and deep insights into the social-cultural behavior of us-ers of the built environment. The cyclic processes found in nature form the base for each intervention and inte-grate the human scale within a holistic urban strategy. We employ a design-led approach to achieve resilient urban developments and have expertise in the following fields: • Design expertise and visual impact assessment: the

ability to anticipate on implications that infrastruc-ture projects generate in spatial, social and cultural contexts. Our approach aims to improve local ac-ceptance by mitigating the impact on the surround-ings and integrating it into its respective urban envi-ronment.



• Collaborative and participatory expertise ensuring that the proposal is well received and users take ownership and feel empowered. Therefore, invest-ments in time and resources are not wasted.



• Local network: During these trips to Rio de Janeiro we built an extensive network of local stakeholders with technical expertise and political decision-mak-ing power. This network provides us with an invalu-able support in Brazil.

Ooze Architects has a significant experience in develop-ing and implementing constructed wetlands in Europe. We have managed and executed these systems in dif-ferent contexts varying from post-industrial to urban and public sphere applications. Highlights of such implemen-tations are “Between the Waters” a closed-loop water purification system cleaning sewage and rendering it drinkable, a sustainable urban vision for the Ruhr Region and most recently the “King’s Cross Pond Club”, UK’s first ever public natural swimming pond located in the heart of London to be opened in May 2015


Over the years, we have worked diligently to retain our core values, and we’ve made it our priority to ask our-selves the tougher questions about who we want to be-as a trusted consultant, as an employer, and as a corpo-rate citizen.




167.


13.SUSTAINABLE AND

MOBILE WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT MARINA DA GLORIA


SHORT TERM RESULT WITH HIGH LEVEL PERFORMANCE

ScopeThe Marina the Gloria is located on the west side of Rio de Janeiro in the Guanabara bay. In august 2016 the Olympic sailing events are held in the marina. There are great concerns about the water quality of the marina and the health risks for the inhabitants and the athletes. A direct cause for the poor water quality and the malodour is the untreated antropogenic effluent that runs into the marina due to illegal and faulty connections to the storm water sewer. This leads to pathogenic contaminations and health risks.

If no measures are taken to stop the constant effluent flow on the marina the following risks exists:

• ThereputationofRiodeJaneiroandtheOlympiccommitteewillsuffer.

• Thehumanhealthmaybesignificantlyaffectedbythepresenceofpathogenicmicroorganismsoriginat-ingfromtheuntreatedsewage.

• Thebadwaterquality,malodourandwastewillcauseeconomicaldamagetothemarinaandsur-roudingsandlossofcapital.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachBy placing a mobile water treatment before the dispos-al in the marina the pollution from untreated sewage is ceased. The effluent from the waste water treatment will be conform the standard water quality standardization. Negative impact on the water quality is eliminated.

The water treatment plant will be designed and engi-neered by ARCADIS. In the design process, we take the local conditions and the type of waste water into account.

The waste water treatment plant is based on the SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) principle, in which the reac-tions needed for the removal of waste water constitu-


ents and the sedimentation of waste water sludge take place subsequently in one single tank. This principle requires less equipment, piping and instrumentation than a conventional (continuous) system, as no secondary sedimentation tank or sludge return facilities are need-ed. Using floating equipment, such as a floating mixer/aerator, high accessibility and easy maintenance is se-

cured. With an upstream buffer tank, the system is able to handle a continuous intake of waste water. For large plants, two SBR’s in parallel can provide more continuity and optimal flexibility. Pre-treatment by bar screens and sludge handling/storage are suited to site-specific con-ditions, using simple and robust ‘off-the-shelf’ technical solutions.

The SBR and buffer tanks are built from off-the-pallet corrugated steel or composite plates, directly on tiles or on a concrete floor. The corrugated plates are easi-ly mounted by bolts and nuts, after which a protective felt is laid inside to cover the sides and bottom. Several solutions such as conical outlets and flanges provide a watertight connection to the inlet and outlet pipes. The wide availability in tank dimensions and connections al-low for a prefabricated system that fits the site-specific volume flows.Once the tanks are installed, process equipment and in-strumentation is installed and the supply line from the lo-


cal authority is connected. A container with pre-installed hardware is positioned between the tanks. In a separate room within the container, a computer is installed pro-viding process control and interfaces with the various processes. On top of the container a platform is placed which allows the tanks to be easily inspected and main-tained. The result is a sustainable waste water treatment solution that uses robust and easy to control processes and that makes effective waste water treatment highly accessible for small communities.

The mobile waste water treatment plant is not a short term solution. By the use of durable materials, these sys-tems can be used for a long period of time. The system is easily upgraded and can even be disassembled and moved.

With the implementation of the water treatment plant the marina Gloria will no longer be contaminated with waste water. The treatment plant is realised by the fol-lowing steps:

• Design.• Engineering(onthebasisofthewastewatercompo-

sitionandtheactualflow).• Transport.• Realisation.• Startupand(operational)training.

OptionalARCADIS is in possession of a fluid called BM500. This liquid is a bio stimulant. Dosage of the liquid to the waste water has a positive effect on the waste water composi-tion. (see the table below) Optionally, we can add BM500 to the waste water after the completion of the treatment plan to ensure an even better effluent quality.

Unique proposition/points• Designbasedondurablestandardisedcomponents.• Withouttheuseofconcrete,thismaterialissuitable

touseinallkindsofareas• Easytoprocessandmaintain• Re-movableandre-usablesystem


Added value:Cost and added value estimation:Price variance: from €320.000,- till € 435.000,- - (respectively based on an a waste water flow of 60 - 110 m3/day).

ARCADIS Engineer € 900,00 per day, excluding travel costs and DSAPrice excluding all necessary measures and alternations of the existing storm water system and sewer system for connection to the waste water treatment plant. Price also excluding adding of BM500.Net Prices in Euro’s, excluding VAT, freight and custom dutiesPayment: 75 % at order conformation, 25% before loading.Delivery time: 10 – 12 weeks after receiving advanced paymentInstallation time: 4 weeks with 6 local workers


• LaPuertaBussinessCenter,CoralEstate,Curaçao• SatuMare,Romania


ANNEX



Over the years, we have worked diligently to retain our core values, and we’ve made it our priority to ask ourselves the tougher questions about who we want to be-as a trusted consultant, as an employer, and as a corporate citizen.



14.THE NATURAL WAY

OF CLEANING WASTE WATER



NEREDA®

The natural way of treating waste waterDream of a cost-effective, sustainable and simple wayto treat waste water while meeting the most stringentpurification requirements? Nereda® will exceed yourexpectations. After 20 years of research and development this innovative biological solution is now proving itself as the leap forward in waste water treatment technology. The success of Nereda® is its high water treatmentcapability in combination with significantly lowerinvestment and operational costs, a very small physicalfootprint (up to a factor 4 smaller) and high energysavings (20-40%).

Nereda® in a nutshellNereda® treats waste water with the unique features ofso called aerobic granular biomass, purifying bacteriathat create compact granules with superb settlingproperties. Invented by the Delft University of Technolo-gy and developed in a unique public-private-partnershipbetween the University, the Dutch Foundation for Ap-plied Water Research (STOWA), the Dutch Water Boards and Royal HaskoningDHV, this technology has revolu-tionized waste water treatment as we know it.

Characteristics of Nereda®• Cost-effective,bothincapitalexpenditureand operationalcosts• Plantfootprintuptoafactor4smaller• Significantlylowerenergyconsumption(20-40%)• No/minimalwastegeneratingchemicals

• Capableofdeliveringexcellenteffluentquality, removingNandPinonesingleprocess• Compact:noseparateclarifiersandaerobic/anoxic/ anaerobiccompartments• Noodor• Easytooperate,withlittlemechanical/electrical equipment• Fittingdesignsformunicipalities,industriesand combinedmunicipal-industrialplants• Attractivesolutionforgreenfieldinstallationsánd

forretrofittingorextendingconventionalactivatedsludgeplants

• Provenhybridapplications


Nereda®The natural way of treating wastewater

Nereda® in a nutshellNereda® treats wastewater with the unique features of so called aerobic granular biomass, purifying bacteria that create compact granules with superb settling properties. Invented by the Delft University of Technology and developed in a unique public-private-partnership between the University, the Dutch Foundation for Applied Water Research (STOWA), the Dutch Water Boards and Royal HaskoningDHV, this technology has revolutionized wastewater treatment as we know it.

Dream of a cost-effective, sustainable and simple way to treat wastewater while meeting the most stringent purification requirements? Nereda® will exceed your expectations. After 20 years of research and development this innovative biological solution is now proving itself as the leap forward in wastewater treatment technology.

The success of Nereda® is its high water treatment capability in combination with significantly lower investment and operational costs, a very small physical footprint (up to a factor 4 smaller) and high energy savings (20-40%).

Great performanceThe performance of Nereda® plants is great and exceeds those of activated sludge. For example the effluent of the Epe plant - designed for flows up to 1,500 m3/h - shows that Nereda® even exceeds expectations. The energy consumption of the WWTP is significant less than any type of similar-sized conventional treatment plant in the Netherlands. Furthermore the effluent quality meets the highest standards in The Netherlands, i.e. total Nitrogen and Phosphorous concentrations lower than 5 and 0.3 mg/l. Remarkably is the observed robustness and stability of the treatment process under strong varying influent load conditions and extreme influent pH fluctuations. An-other interesting observation is that even at wintry condi-tions extensive nitrogen removal could be established at very high biological sludge loads.

ReferencesNereda®’s are internationally being used for sustainable and cost-effective treatment of industrial and domestic waste water. With tank sizes already similar to the world’s largest SBR-tanks, the technology is proven and applica-ble for even the largest applications. Please visit www.nereda.net for the Nereda® plants that are in operation or under construction right now.


SOLI

DW

AST

E

15.BIOWASTE

FROM COMPOST TO BIOREFINERY


Dutch Waste ManagementPlatform Afval, Water en Energie


ScopeThe state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil faces problems with managing its waste streams in a sustainable manner. The current ways of disposing of waste, dumping and landfill, lead to environmental pollution, health issues and wast-ing of valuable materials and energy resources. Waste collection demands an efficient and customer focused approach, and a good collection infrastructure connected to a high quality treatment structure.

The idea is, to focus first on the separate collection and treatment of biowaste. In the situation of Rio de Janeiro, 53% of all waste produced, is organic. Biomass is produced every year in several chains such as in agriculture, the food industry, retail, households, tour-ism/events, restaurants and (super)markets.

If we talk about ‘biomass’ one can think of: • pruningwaste(submittedbyparksandwoods);• thinningfromwoods;• residue-andwastewoodfromtheindustry(for

examplefromsawmill);• vegetable,fruitandgardenwaste(MSW);• agriculturalresiduessuchasstrawandmanure;• cropsthataregrownspecificallyforenergypurposes

(=energycultivation),suchaswillows,poplars,hemp,miscanthus(elephantgrass);

• sludge(sludgeofcommunalorindustrialwatercleaning,papersludge).

The proposed solution and its step-wise approach By separating the biowaste at the source, it reduces the amount of other waste significantly and protects the valuable organic fraction from being polluted by other materials. Biowaste can be composted in a rather simple way. With composting one can produce organic material which incorporates a lot of nutrients. Compost can be sold as a product for soil improvement.

(1) Compost: at the start biowaste can be collected separately at (super)markets and restaurants. A composting installation can be installed at the en-trance of a landfill location. Each sup-ply of compostable organic waste is being weighed and registered. During the unloading of the organic waste, each landing by the operator checked for contaminants. The operator also

Matéria Orgånica

7%

19%

16%

53%

3%2%

Vidro

Matals

Papel

Plástico

Outros


looks after it when landed in the right box. Bio-waste can be processed as fast as possible. Of the finished compost samples that are regularly taken both by the internal lab-oratory as an external lab analysis on various parameters such as moisture, organic matter, pH, nutrients P/K/Ca/Mg, heavy metals, impurities, Rhinestones, maturity de-gree.(2) Anaerobic digestion: in the middle term one can add to the composting installation an anaerobic diges-tion plant. The Dutch company of Orgaworld has a lot of experience in this field. With a combination of wet digestion technology with biogas conversion technology it is possible to create electricity, heat and water purifi-cation using a bio membrane reactor (Greenmills plant, Amsterdam). This allows facilitating smart synergies with the local heat network, the regional electricity grid and surrounding companies. The unique and very efficient Orgaworld/Greenmills plant was launched in 2010 and

processes nearly 120,000 tons of unpackaged supermar-ket food and other organic waste - including 350,000 m3 of polluted waste water. The incoming organic waste is digested in large tanks. This releases biogas. The biogas is converted into steam, heat and green energy. These products are partially used by Greenmills and the rest is released to the power network. The residual product left over from the processes is transformed into high-quality fertilizer using our ‘own’ heat. (3) Biorefinery: in the long term the installation can be transformed into a biorefinery installation in which one can go further in separating the different materials to make high quality materials and also useful products out of it (biobased economy).


Unique selling proposition/point(s)The Netherlands has a tremendous experience on food production, water management and waste management. Since the 1980s The Netherlands separates the biowaste from other (household) waste at the source, so there is a longstanding tradition of biowaste management. This ex-perience is further evolved in more sophisticated waste treatment, with anaerobic digestion and nowadays there are already examples in place for phase 3: bio refinery. The advantages of investing in separate collection and recycling of biowaste, are:• Alargevolumeofwasteyoucancollectrathersim-

ple(inrestaurantsandmarkets)togetherwiththeharvestofthewaterplantsoutoftheBay.

• Aquickresultcanberealisedbecausesuchacom-postingplantcanbebuiltwithinafewmonths

• Othermaterialscanbeseparatedandusedtomakenewvaluableproductsagain.

Cost and added value estimation 2015/16:In 2015 waste collection and treatment costs 20 dollar/t. Investments in equipment to run a basic compost plant will be about 1,1 million euro and are possible at this economic level and creates a major ecological advantage. In stat of dumping organic waste their will be produced compost which can be used in f.i. the agricultural sector as a fertilizer. Per year there are estimated 326.000 euro as operation costs c.a.

Similar types of projects (success stories)In The Netherlands we have longstanding experiences in not only waste treatment but also in separate collection of organic waste. The Dutch waste companies have the ambition to take further steps in innovation, but need internationally support for the investments done.


Activity Plan (What do we propose exactly)Together with the authorities and Comlurb a Biowaste venture has to been defined where Dutch Waste Man-agement (DWM) will take the lead in implementation and starting up the compost plant. Besides managing this compost plant DWM will develop communication and education strategy on composting as part of introducing Biobased Economy.To define the bio waste strategy for Rio de Janeiro a fea-sibility study has to be defined for the exact amounts and quality of the available organic streams and long-term investment program for innovative organic treatment plants such as anaerobic digesters and bio refinery plants.

Phase 01 (until 08.2015)• Startwithafeasibilitystudyontherightlocations

usefulasabiowastecompostingtreatmentplant.

Phase 02 (until 08.2016)• Oneormorecompostingplantscanbebuiltnear

landfills.• Buildanaerobaticdigestionfacilityaswelland

makethoseasashowcasefortherestoftheworld.

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)• Forthelongerterm,anbiorefineryfacilitycouldbe arrangedsomewhere.

ANNEXEconomical Calculation (amounts * 1.000 euro)

2015 2016-2024Feasibility study 100Compost equipment 1.110 200Operational Costs c.a. 330/yAnaerobic Digester/CHP 9.000Bio refinery p.m.

Positive Net Present Value Composting based on a gate fee 10 euro/ton (2015) and estimated compostable waste volume (fact finding march 2015)



• DutchWasteManagement(DWM)anditssubcon-sultantshavealonghistoryofprovidingexpertiseandfieldingstafftolocationsallovertheworldtoadviseon,andassistin,theevaluation,planningandexecutionofprojectsonwastemanagement,greenenvironmentandproducingenergyfromwastethatarecommissionedbythepublicandprivatesector.DWMisthetradenameofDeBruijnAdvies&Reali-satie(2009).

• DWMhas35associatedconsultantswithamulti-disciplinarybackground.OurkeyareasofexpertiseincludeCSR,localsustainabledevelopment,wastemanagement,technologiesforrecycling,biogasandwastetoenergy.Furthermore,DWMhasexpertiseintechnicalcoordination,equipmentspecification,financing,strategyandpolicy,changemanagementandduediligence.

• Withinthesefieldswetogetherimplementedover1,500projects.Theseprojectsvaryinsizefromonedaytoseveralyears.Wearecommissionedbycom-panies,internationalorganizations,thegovernment,NGO’sandcertificationinstitutes.AssignmentswereissuedbyforexampleDutchgovernmentministriesandagencies,EuropeanCommission,SuezEnviron-ment,ONS,Irado,Cyclus,HVC,DeltaN.V.Shanks/OrgaworldandTwence.DWMhasgainedexten-sive,first-handexperienceofworkingwithandinprivate-publicpartnerships.

www.dutchwastemanagement.comcontact: [email protected]

Dutch Waste ManagementPlatform Afval, Water en Energie


Submitted by Pangea- National Movement of Recyclable Materials Collectors (MNCR) -WASTE

16.INCREASING RECYCLING RATES OF THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN THE REGION SURROUNDING

THE GUANABARA BAY


The challenge is evident and huge: to clean up the no-toriously polluted Guanabara Bay before the Olympic games in August 2016.

Yet, to carry out a one-time cleaning program alone is not a long-term solution for the sustainability of Guana-bara Bay. An effective program has to ensure that sev-eral months after cleaning up the Bay, plastics and other waste would not start piling up and polluting the Bay all over again. For Guanabara Bay to develop into a clean and sustainable delta, extra measures have to be taken to prevent waste entering into the bay.

In order to achieve this aim, Pangea (NGO, Brazil), Nation-al Movement of Recyclable Materials Collectors – NMCR (umbrella org. of cooperatives, Brazil), and WASTE (NGO, the Netherlands) collaborate together to deliver a sus-tainable solution for Guanabara Bay: To increase Recycling Rates of Cooperatives of Waste Collectors in cities around Guanabara Bay: Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Niterói and São Gonçalo.

The principle is to increase collection and create more value on solid waste and develop business cases around plastic waste recycling so that cooperatives can expand their activities, which consequently will lead to an im-proved waste management and a clean and Sustainable Guanabara Bay for the long-term.

In this 4-years Program, all partners collaborate yet each plays a distinctive role based on its comparative strengths: PANGEA is a Brazilian NGO with an extensive trajectory


in the execution of projects within the scope of national and international cooperation, having built long term re-lationships with waste collector cooperatives, NMCR is the national movement of collectors of recyclable mate-rials and is the umbrella organization of waste collectors cooperatives and WASTE has many years of experience in working with waste collectors worldwide.

BackgroundBrazil provides a role model for integrating the informal sector (waste collectors/pickers) into the municipal waste management system. In 2002, the country provided of-ficial recognition to workers by listing waste picking as an occupation in the Brazilian Classification of Occupa-tions. Waste pickers or catadores contribute to the waste management system by segregating and gathering the recyclables, an important resource of any economy. Co-operatives of waste collectors in Brazil are working more and more like businesses having their own warehouse, trucks and equipment and are regarded as professional partners having contracts with municipalities and recy-cling companies.Furthermore they are the only ones with access to the favelas (slum areas) in large parts of big cities such as Rio the Janeiro. In our opinion, the only way to improve waste management in slum areas is working with the in-formal waste collectors through waste cooperatives and build with them viable business cases to make waste management sustainable on the long run.

Objective and scopeThe objective of the project is to increase recycling rates in surrounding municipalities of Guanabara Bay, reduc-ing by 30% the volume of waste floating into the bay at the end of the project with the ambition of reducing this amount of waste with 100% on the long run.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachCleaning up Guanabara Bay is a huge challenge and in-novative solutions and approaches are needed to make it happen, not only for once but also on the long term. WASTE will use its Diamond Business approach to change and develop underlying systems which has prov-en to be very successful in other countries. Waste management is not about a single person or one household; it involves the entire community and every other stakeholder in the value chain. Close collaboration and dialogue between governments, private sector, com-munities and the financial sector is essential to solving the challenges of waste management.The project will build and improve value chains that will continue functioning and are able to scale after the work in the project is done. In order to succeed, the partners will work together with many different stakeholders – from waste collectors to local communities, financial institutions and governments. With using this Diamond Business approach we facilitate the development of a sustainable waste sector and market with local ownership as a foundation.


THE DIAMOND BUSINESS MODEL

It is vital to make solid waste management sustainable. One of the key elements in the proposed approach is the so-called Diamond model, which shows the institutional approach to improving solid waste management. WASTE identifies four key stakeholders:1. At the top: The clients / customers / beneficiaries

who demand for solid waste products and services (and ideally, pay for it);

2. At the left: the cooperatives acting as enterprises/businesses who supply these products and ser-vices;

3. At the right: the banks and MFIs (and authorities as well), who provide the finances to invest in the private and communal products and services;

4. At the bottom: the authorities and NGOs who facilitate and / or enable the teamwork between supply and demand.

Traditionally the focus of donor support has been on gov-ernments and households (the vertical ax). Due to a lack of capacity (financial and institutional) and the depen-dency on subsidies, development is slow. The ‘diamond model’ adds the business sector and the financing sector to the system (horizontal ax), thus introducing market mechanisms in a development approach.

Objective is that where possible the private sector (coop-eratives) will provide services. Of course, this requires a ‘market’ with (1) demand by households (or the govern-ment), (2) business as service providers, (3) financiers to finance businesses and (4) the government making poli-

cies and regulations and enforcing them. WASTE applies this model in various countries. Key observations include: • Businessinvolvementandcompetitionsparksinno-

vationándscaling.• Oftenthereisanabundanceoflocalfunding,how-

evernotyetusedforthesetypeofactivities.Localfinanciersarewillingtofinancewhenactivitiesarestructuredinanacceptableway.

• Householdsarewillingándabletopayforservices.• ‘Diamonds’(cooperationbetweenstakeholders)are

notsimplyfound,butwillingnessanddedicationisrequiredtobuildthem.E.g.supportisneededinbuildingcooperation:eachstakeholdershastoun-derstandit’sownandother’srolesandresponsibili-ties.Then,stakeholdersneedsupportandcoachinginexecutingtheirroles.Inthecaseoffinanciersweoftenfindthatitisnecessarytohavetodosome-thingextratotakeawaybottlenecks(reducerisks),e.g.bysettingupa‘guaranteefund’


The Solid Waste Value Chain and the Circular EconomySolid waste management is a series of actions that in-volve several markets, products and services that all need to be integrated in order to succeed. WASTE applies more and more a value chain approach and key in this approach is to look at waste as potential resource of valu-able products, rather than a problem. It is our belief that such an approach is essential for the realization of real sustainable solid waste services and improved recycling sectors. In the end, a value chain approach on solid waste management allows to cover part of the costs that are involved in the entire solid waste chain.The ultimate goal is to reach a circular economy in which waste can be recycled into its original product what is the case in for example PET bottle recycling, see also the 6 steps in the figure: production of plastic bottle, collec-tion, storage and preprocessing, transportation, recycling and production of a new bottle. In this value chain, all stakeholders have their role and need to work together to make the recycling chain sustainable and inclusive (all stakeholders benefit).

UNIQUE SELLING PROPOSITION/POINT(S)

PANGEA, NMCR and WASTE believe they can make the solid waste system work and sustainable on the long run by using the diamond approach working with all stake-holders involved. PANGEAS and NMCR will have focus on working with waste collector cooperatives, govern-ments and households. WASTE will have focus on work-ing with the financing sector including it into the system to make it sustainable.


PANGEAPangea’s projects with the collectors have become na-tional reference for the Brazilian public policy of inclu-sion of collectors. Between 2005 and 2010, Pangea structured in Bahia a network of collectors called Cata Bahia Network, which has nearly 1,000 members. This design was selected from more than 1,600 subscribers and awarded by the Presidency of the Republic through the Millennium Development Goals Award - ODM Brazil


2012 as one of the top 20 Brazilian experiences to Com-bat extreme poverty and hunger in Brazil.

WASTE

At this moment WASTE is executing a similar project in Colombia with objective to improve the condition and position of informal collectors and their families, especial-ly those informal collectors who do not yet enjoy social protection and organizing benefits of the co-operatives and the unions, within the landscape of recycling and waste management in Colombia. The strategy to achieve the short-term objective is to develop a benchmarking system based on real and verifiable data collection, trans-parent analysis, and validation, that serves to broaden and stabilize the base of support for inclusive recycling in Colombia.

ACTIVITY PLAN

Phase 01 (until 08.2015): Inception phaseTarget: Insight in existing situation, stakeholders and activitiesPlanning:• Mappingofcollectors,cooperatives,middlemen,

industriesandkeypointsofwasteentriesintoGua-nabaraBayfromthe4municipalities(RiodeJaneiro,Niteroi,DuquedeCaxiasandSaoGoncalo)

• AnalysetheexistingrecyclingchaininthestateofRiodeJaneiroanditsinteractionwiththesoutheastregion,analysingplastic,paper,cardboard,metal,glassanditscommercialandlogisticsflow,aimingtobuildmarketrelationsintheregionalmarketforrecyclables

• Performanalysisofcompositionofthewastecollect-edbycollectorsofcooperatives/enterprisesinvolvedinthe4municipalitiesandbuildingprojectionsofthewastegeneratedbythefourmunicipalitiesinor-dertodefinebeststrategiestoimprovevaluechains

• Developamonitoringsystemtomonitoramountsofwastecomingintothebay

• Developdetailedactionplanfor4yearsprogramme

Budget: 165.000 euro


Phase 02 (until 04.2016) : Pilot phase in 1 municipality with major access point of waste materials into Guanabara BayTarget: Building the diamond and improving value chainsPlanning: • Supporting institutional arrangements: creating

local ownership, effective governance, citizen participation and public awareness.

• Establishing local support structures: engaging multi-stakeholders in training, technical assistance and implementation of waste management plans on waste management, and the reuse of waste and faecal sludge.

• Strengthening the waste collectors cooperatives and private sector: engaging recycling companies, setting up public-private partnerships and pro-viding business development training for waste col-lectors in cooperatives, identifying viable business cases in plastic recycling and matching this with funding

• Engaging financial institutions: mobilising invest-ments and stimulate risk mitigation mechanisms (e.g. insurance and guarantees) with the support of (inter)national and local financial institutions.

• Dissemination of results in Brazil and The Nether-lands

Budget: 300.000 euro

Phase 03 (After 09.2016) : Scaling up to other municipalities surrounding the bayTarget: Implementation in the whole project region.Planning: Using experiences from phase 2 to scale up ac-tivities in the other municipalities including Rio de Janeiro.

Estimated budget: 5 million euro (1.5 million will be from subsidies and 3.5 million will be from local and foreign investments).


ANNEX


PANGEA (www.pangea.org.br)PANGEA – Center of Socio-environmental Studies is an OSCIP - Organization of the Civil Society for the Public Interest, of state and municipal public usefulness. It was founded in Salvador, in 1996, starting from an encounter of professionals and technicians of different disciplines. PANGEA has an extensive trajectory in the execution of projects within scope of international cooperation (Euro-pean Union, Embassy of the Netherlands, Ministry of the External Relationships of Italy, Lombardia – Italian Area, Embassy of Germany), executing programs of socio-envi-ronmental character in urban and rural areas of Brazil, like in the States of Rondônia, in partnership with the Organi-zation of Rubber-Tappers from Rondônia, in São Paulo, in partnership with the SOS Mata Atlântica and in Piauí, in partnership with Fundham - Foundation of the American Man and in the Parnaiba River’s Delta, besides actions in the State of Bahia. PANGEA has experience with the organization of 6 net-works of solidarity and integrated marketing of recyclable waste collectors involving 41 municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

NATIONAL MOVEMENT OF RECYCLABLE MATERIAL COLLECTORS (MNCR)Brazil’s National Movement of Recyclable Material Col-lectors (MNCR) was established in 2001 and has been instrumental in advocating for changes in law and policy and has been organizing the collectors of recyclable ma-terials throughout Brazil.They dialogue with all society about the need for social control in solid waste management (integrated manage-ment), improving the quality of life of all people and fu-ture generations.MNCR fight for recognition, inclusion and appreciation of the work of collectors and pickers, organizing them in Organic Bases, minimizing environmental impacts, in-creasing the useful life of the planet and building a fair and inclusive society. They fight for self-management of their work and organize waste collectors in cooperatives, associations, warehouses and groups.

WASTE (www.waste.nl) WASTE is a not for profit consultancy firm specialized in sanitation, solid waste and sustainable financing in emerg-ing markets. WASTE has a solid base of 30 years of ex-perience in the urban and peri-urban sanitation and solid waste sector and has an extensive network in about 30 low- and middle-income countries. WASTE’s portfolio has a significant focus on the activities, needs, and value of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs,) in the countries where we are active. Since 1995, our multi-year, multi-country programmes have supported value chain and service businesses in urban environments, and connected them to banks, financial institutions, (local)

http://www.pangea.org.br


governments and other partners with more experience. WASTE believes people should be able to improve their own livelihood and quality of life and our team of busi-ness, financial and technological experts, focuses on building value chains in sanitation and waste. By building value chains, rather than toilets or recycling plants, WASTE contributes to the development of sus-tainable waste and sanitation systems that will function long after we are gone. This means: 1. Households demand and can pay for waste and

sanitation services 2. Businesses offer quality services, in which human

and solid waste can be reused or recycled into new products

3. Governments invest in safe disposal, treatment and processing of human/solid waste

4. Local financial institutions offer competitive fund-ing opportunities for households and businesses.

In order to succeed, WASTE developed a unique multi-stakeholder approach that brings together all these stakeholders: the community, businesses, local govern-ments and the financial sector. Only if all disciplines work together, sanitation and waste management can become sustainable and scalable. With clean cities and healthy people as a result.

GREENWAVEPLASTICS (www.greenwaveplastics.eu)The company is owned and managed by Mr. Bernard Merkx, who is a worldwide renowned plastics recycling expert. GreenWavePlastics aims to assist companies in the international plastics and rubber industry, fishery and some other industries to improve sustainability and prof-itability. He has also an advisory role for (inter)-national authorities and is author of several studies in these do-mains. Next to his career in the international plastics in-dustry, where he held several leading management posi-tions in the plastics converting, the additive and recycling industry, he devoted a lot of time and energy to establish a solid legal and economical viable basis for today’s Euro-pean plastics recycling industry. Since the 1990s, he is di-rectly involved in discussions on EU waste legislation and has been co-initiator of several waste management and recycling schemes still operating in Europe today. Since November 2011 Bernard Merkx is Honorary President of Plastics Recyclers Europe.


17.PHARMAFILTER


INTRODUCTION

Comlurb is responsible for cleaning five hospitals in Rio de Janeiro. In The Netherlands all hospitals are connect-ed to the sewage water system, but it is not possible yet to remove medicines from the waste water at the waste water treatment plant. The company Pharmafilter intro-duced a new and combined method of waste and waste water treatment in hospitals, which causes a revolution in thinking about operations and waste(water) treatment in hospitals.

SUGGESTION FOR THE CLEAN DELTA APPROACH

The conceptThe movement of people and goods between the differ-ent departments of hospitals causes long waiting times at the elevator. The waste containers are an important logistic stream. The elimination of this important logistic stream would help enormously. The question arose: why not using the toilets to dispose of the waste? This be-came the start of the Pharmafilter concept to transport and treat solid waste and waste water in one system.All the organic waste, including faeces and the bio plastic products, are almost completely converted into biogas. The biogas is used for the energy and heating of the pu-rification plant. The fermentation process takes about 30 days at around 60 degrees Celsius. This process strips the waste that is not fermented of viruses and bacteria which are harmful to humans. Periodically, the non-fermentable

residual fraction is decontaminated at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius and removed for incineration.The result is that the waste volume and the number of road transports have been reduced by 20-50% (see the annex that is included).

Additional benefits:• Medicinalwasteinthewaterisnolongerdetectable• Lesswaitingtimeattheelevator/betterlogistic

streamsinthehospital• 99%savingsonthewastewatercharge• Upto40%reuseofwaterisachievable• Allmulti-resistantbacteriaareremoved(hospitals

aretheoriginof95%ofallmulti-resistantbacteriaatwastewatertreatmentplants).

Pharmafilter®

Hospitals and other care institutes can install the Phar-mafilter concept as a complete waste solution. In this solution hospital waste is grinded and transported via sewers and treated on location. Pharmafilter includes a bioreactor, membrane filtration, plural oxidation and acti-vated carbon filtration. This process results in clean efflu-ent and biogas. Besides the successful water treatment, including the removal of most of the pharmaceuticals from the water, the economic viability is mainly due to lo-gistical advantages (Batelaan et al., 2013). Hospital waste is not transported through the corridors of the hospitals, significantly reducing handling time and hygienic risks, but the waste is grinded and transported with wastewater through the sewers (Batelaan et al., 2013). Current-ly, the city of Amsterdams’ waste water utility company,


Waternet, is performing a feasibility study on the imple-mentation of the Pharmafilter concept at the Academic Medical Centre hospital (circa 1000 beds and 5900 em-ployees) in the southeast of Amsterdam (Mol and Verv-ers, 2014). Pharmafilter innovative steps are well thought off to derive a positive outcome for the user, patient and other stakeholders.

ScopePharmafilter believes in the Circular Economy. This sys-tem strives for prudent utilisation of raw materials and products in order to minimise destruction of value. There are two materials cycles in the Circular Economy. The bi-ological cycle ensures that natural resources are safely returned to nature, and the technical cycle emphasizes products that are designed to be reused, thus either maintaining quality, or using a natural process to convert them into energy. Thus their maximum economic value is retained.The Pharmafilter system makes a significant contribution to the reduction of medical contaminants in surface wa-ter including medication and cytostatic/ cytotoxic agents used for cancer treatment, which are the most aggres-sive contaminants. These enter waste water and sewage treatment plants which are not designed to decontami-nate such aggressive contaminants. In some circumstanc-es, there is a possibility of sewage water overflowing into surface water. The contamination of surface and ground water profoundly and negatively affects the natural world, in particular aquatic life. It has been scientifically demon-strated that gender attributes could be altered due to mi-cro-contaminants. Traces of dozens of medications may

also be found in drinking water. Both on national and in-ternational level, governments are becoming increasingly aware of this problem. More stringent regulations and ris-ing pollution taxes for these substances are unavoidable trends. The Pharmafilter concept can make a significant contribution to reducing polluting waste water streams.


Pharmafilter: Cleaner Hospital, Cleaner EnvironmentProven process and system engaging technology through the existing hospital sewage infrastructure and coupling it to an on-site high-tech shredder and a purification plant for dealing with contaminated waste water, sewage, organic, healthcare risk waste and other waste streams. The waste from a hospital department will be disposed of in a shredder, the Tonto®. The Tonto is connected to the existing sewer system. Together with the effluent from toilets, sinks and showers, the shredded waste is trans-ported, through the existing hospital piping infrastruc-ture, to a purification plant on the hospital site.Solid waste is separated from waste water in the plant. The solid waste is reduced by anaerobic digestion, pro-ducing biogas. This gas is re-used for powering the plant. The waste water is purified and all harmful substances, medicines, germs, cytostatics, contrast liquids and en-docrine substances are eliminated. The purified water can be re-used as process water. Pharmafilter delivers improved waste management infrastructure and safer


logistics with significant economical efficiencies. Pharmafilter also provides innovative solutions and a bet-ter, more enjoyable way of working through the use of our specially designed single use Bio Plastics disposable applications that also benefit patient care.

UNIQUE SELLING POINTS

Clean waste waterPharmafilter is the first company in the world that can reduce medicines, germs, cytostatics, contrast liquids and endocrine substances in the waste water below detection limits in a cost effective manner. The concept can make a significant contribution to reducing polluting waste water streams from hospitals to the Guanabara Bay area.

Fewer InfectionsInfections often arise due to cross contamination by nurs-ing staff after contact with infected materials. Thus the importance of minimizing such contacts is great. This is exactly what the Pharmafilter system achieves: almost all waste from the nursing ward is disposed of in the Tonto.

Safer, Easier, More PleasantOne of the great advantages of the Pharmafilter system is improved employee and patient safety and satisfaction. In the Netherlands, some six per cent of patients contract hospital infections, a worrisome and costly statistic. The price of prevention and decontamination is substantial.

More Time for Patient CareBecause of a new and simplified system for dealing with potentially infectious materials, the nursing staff has more time to devote to patients. Thus the Pharmafilter system allows for an increase in bedside care, patient comfort and safety.

Improved LogisticsThe transportation of waste materials along hallways and via lifts is inconvenient and unhygienic. Thanks to the Tonto system, waste is no longer staged, collected in carts and transported to the hospital waste station. This reduces the amount of time required by the logistical staff, and minimizes lift demand and the chance of con-tamination in hallways and lifts.

Care innovationPharmafilter provides a platform for innovation and infec-tion prevention. In cooperation with doctors, nurses, mi-crobiologists and patients we develop sustainable prod-ucts that make work easier and safer. For example, we are currently working on a portable toilet for use by pa-tients recovering at home from treatment with cytostatic agents, medicines that are extremely toxic. The portable toilet, Olla on the Move, creates a safe solution for the patient, other household members, and the environment within the home.


COST AND ADDED VALUE ESTIMATION

The Pharmafilter system is a strategic investment, pro-viding you with an infrastructure that opens doors to a growing number of applications and benefiting the hos-pital over time with the introduction of new concepts. The Pharmafilter system offers a proactive response to rising taxes on waste and waste water, as well as to ev-er-mounting sustainability compliance demands.

SavingsInstallation of the Tonto shredder on the ward allows the hospital to save costs associated with waste:• Handling,storageandtransportationofgeneral

waste,foodwasteandhazardoushospitalwaste.• Disposablesingle-useOllabedpansand24-hour

Bottaurinal,whicharedisposedofintheTonto,makethebedpanwasherobsolete.Costsavingsarerealizedbyeliminatingtheneedtoheatwaterto100c,andbysignificantreductioninstaffdemands.

• DuetocompletepurificationofhospitalwaterbythePharmafilterinstallation,forhospitalsinTheNetherlands,theDutchWaterBoardpollutiontaxnolongerapplies.Anaerobicdigestionoforganicwasteslowersdisposalcosts,anddecontaminationsavesonhospitalwasteprocessingcosts.

• Pharmafiltersignificantlyimproveshygieneinthehospitalbyreducingcontactwithpotentiallycon-taminatedmaterial.Thesystemthereforecontrib-utestoinfectionpreventionandlowersthecostsassociatedwithhospital-acquiredinfections.

YieldsThe Pharmafilter system increases efficiency and im-proves the logistics of patient care. The combination of the Tonto and bioplastics disposables simplifies protocols. Patient satisfaction increases, thanks to better hygiene and the use of innovative, ergonomically designed aids. Immediate, on-site waste disposal frees up storage space on the wards. Waste water purified by the installation can be used as process water within the hospital, for exam-ple for flushing Tonto’s and toilets. Thus precious drinking water is spared. Heat produced in the installation by the processing of waste is reused to heat the hospital.


References• In2012,Pharmafilterwasofficiallyinauguratedby

HRHthePrinceofOrangeattheReinierdeGraafGasthuisinDelft(400beds;10m3/perhour).ThiswasthefirsthospitaltousethePharmafiltersystem.Practicalexperiencetherehasshownthatwastevol-umeandoff-sitetransporthavebeenreducedby20to50%.Chemicalanalysishasproventhatalltracesofmedicineinwastewaterhavebeenreducedtobelowdetectablelevels.


• TheZorgSaamHospitalinTerneuzen(200beds;5m3/ph)isthesecondandtheSintFranciscushospital(600beds;15m3/ph)thethirdmedicalfacilitytoemploythesystem.ErasmusMedicalCenter(1,300beds;60m3/ph;>10,000employees)isthefirstoftheNLAcademicHospitalstosignthePharmafiltercontracts.TheErasmusMedicalCenterhaschosenforPharmafilterbecauseit’stheonlyrealpossibilitytoincorporateCSRwithinthehospital.

Activity Plan (What do we propose exactly)Breakdown of activities incl. timeline for Clean Delta:

Phase 01 (until 08.2015)Target: Explore the possibilities for hospitals in Rio: 30.000 euro Planning: June- August 2015

Phase 02 (until 08.2016)Target: Feasibility study for the most promising hospitals: 100.000 euro A complete system in a hospital of 400 beds will cost approx-imate 4 million euro. The payback time will be around 9 Years. Planning: September 2015- August 2016

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)Target: Building the first Pharmafilter system in Rio. From 2017 the production can be scaled up.Planning: January – August 2017

Program Proposal202.

ANNEX

ECONOMICAL CALCULATION

Costs and benefitsEach hospital has specific requirements and circumstances. Therefore, the Pharmafilter system business case is unique to each hospital. We are happy to provide a calculation model to help you determine the economic feasibility of the investment.

Pharmafilter example (hospital 400 beds)

Investments AmountTotal incl VAT 4.000.000

Savings AmountSavings on (waste)water 130.000Savings on waste 120.000Maintainence savings/(expenses) (70.000)Disposables and equipmentDisposables (50.000)Cleaning equipment 17.000Human resoures (FTE) savings (logistics and nursing) 200.000Adverse event Savings on hospital-acquired infection 80.000Cashflow from financing (320.000)Net cashflow 107.000 Net cash flow incl. depreciation (for NPV) 290.000

Cumulative 290.00 NPV € 2.800.000Payback time 9



Pharmafilter is an integral concept for the healthcare, treatment of waste and purification of waste water for hospitals. Cleaner. Faster. Efficient. Safer.

Waternet is the water cycle company of the Amsterdam metropolitan area and responsible for drinking water treatment and distribution, waste water collection and treatment, rain water, ground water, water system man-agement and control. Waternet is the executive organi-zation of the municipality of Amsterdam and the regional water authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht. The unique ho-listic approach has proven highly beneficial in terms of reduction operational costs and sustainability. To become climate neutral in 2020 Waternet uses the thermal and chemical energy of the water cycle. Innovations to up-grade waste water into raw materials are future challeng-es. An example is the production of struvite out of sludge used as agricultural fertilizer. The Pharmafilter concept for hospitals is an example that an integrated approach

will lead to benefits on different levels. The international department of Waternet works with partners all over the world on strategic and technical issues. We share knowl-edge and know how on Operation & Maintenance with (utility) companies, cities, countries and ngo’s.

Expertise of Waternet as a public utility company:• Expertiseondrinkingwater,sewage,wastewater,

rainwater,groundwater,watermanagement:systemapproach,production,distribution,assets

• practicalandexperientialknowledgeaboutthedevelopmentofwaterprojects

• ExpertiseonthepracticalaspectsonOperations&Maintenance

• Expertiseontheintegratedholisticapproach,in-cludingotherissuesforliveabilityinacitylikespatialplanning,governance,waste,transport,recreation

• Billingandcustomercare• Asapubliccompany,weunderstandthecultureof

otherpubliccompanieslikeCEDAEandComlurbandcanofferaWaterOperatorPartnership.

• PartnerinprojectsofPharmafilterforhospitalsintheAmsterdamregion.

18.MARÉ MAKER HUB

EMPOWERING COMMUNITIES THROUGH CIRCULAR ECONOMY



SummaryThis project proposes the development and implementa-tion of a so called “Maker Hub” in the favela “Complexo da Maré” in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – The Maré Maker Hub (MMH). The aim of the MMH is to increase the capa-bilities of working men and women by providing (as a workshop) training on a set of production hardware, (as a product/business development place) innovation meth-odology to create new own & successful products and (as a business practice teaching place) education programs focusing on the needs of locally working people to start/improve their own business. The MMH will not only fo-cus on male workers but will provide an additional/special focus to strengthen female driven development in Maré.The hub connects all relevant actors in the local area to enable the development of own circular economy solu-tions. The MMH will focus on and use the creation of products made of recycled material from the communi-ties (especially plastic) to train people to make their own solutions. The MMH will create educated people, small spin-offs and large/small but successful products and by that strengthen the local network, its values and train res-idents to enable stable income generation.Maré, a strategic location: Being one of the largest favel-as with 16 districts and placed right at one of the largest water channels in Rio de Janeiro, the Complexo da Maré is a strategically crucial area for the development of any action that aims to promote community empowerment, public awareness, mitigation/prevention actions for pol-lution of the Guanabara Bay and transforming areas pre-viously dominated by drug trafficking (UPPs). In particular in its size and development potential, the Maré complex

holds a very strong entrepreneurial capacity and is key to link the Bay its right by living community and to bridge it into the City of Rio de Janeiro.

To communicate the value of recycled material and the spirit of Mare, the MMH will develop and provide its first product as e.g. a giveaway for the Olympic Games, pro-duced within of the most relevant favelas of Rio de Janei-ro. (Read more about Maré in the Annex)


THE PROJECT

Main goals of the project are to establish a circular econo-my for certain applications, to strengthen the local econ-omy and the abilities of the people within the community.The Maré Maker Hub aims to develop a low-cost and low-tech value chain able to process solid waste from Complexo da Maré itself (especially plastic, but also wood, metal and glass). MMH will act and develop the community on several levels:• Educationofpeople’spracticesandbusiness

knowledge• Developmentofproductsandtheirproduction• Pilotingandimplementingnewbusinessesin

the16districtsofMare 1 The aim is to create a local infrastructure collecting plastics waste at fixed and mobile points (terrestrial and aquatic), processing it into a raw material and using it to manufacture new products, marketed within the commu-nity (depending on cleanliness). As an example, the Mare Maker Hub collects/ receives PET bottles, which will be processed and become clothing pins, sold by stores with-in the Complexo da Maré.

The MMH will function as a practical solution/business incubator incl. physical piloting. It will hold a certain set of own processing hardware crucial to link already existing value chain elements and to develop missing value chain steps (through education, evaluation and moderation). It

1 Flickr by ISKME 1. Hands on workshops to inspire recycling


will be used to train people on the machines and to build ability to create own products.

That set of hardware might change over time depend-ing on the challenges identified and decided to tackle. Previously developed or acquired hardware may be spun out together with new successfully established spin off businesses to stay lean and flexible for new and changing challenges.

The project includes the open-source development of products, processes and referring value-chains, focusing on plastics waste as feedstock. Depending on the pres-ent gaps in the value chain towards the sales of products made of recycled material, this may include on one side the development/improvement of process steps like col-lection/sorting/cleaning of plastics waste, preparation for production, creation of a simple production incl. the cre-ation of molds and on the other hand the development of a viable business case based on a useful to be produced product desired by Mare consumers.

Innovation by local people together with top innova-tors from around the world: Such integrated solutions will be designed together with its future producers/innovators and users in place on one side and already existing skilled craftsmen and innovation organizations like MateriaBrasil (optional: External agencies might be welcomed e.g. IDEO, SmartDesign, Philips, Coca-Cola; it will allow to carry more projects for free and to provide insight to those visiting companies) acting as moderator, trainers and catalyzers to kick off innovation. MMH will

therefore act as a focal point to match and enable stake-holders needed to create own innovation. The resulting solutions will be transferred and implemented with the residents interested in starting up or adding it to their own business. That process will be guided by additional business training as needed. Importantly, the technology developed will be passed on in full to participating res-idents of the project, creating autonomy and empower-ment and reducing the negative effects in case the MMH may be discontinued one day, the “seeds” could carry on the project. The Target is that the MMH will develop, manufacture and implement 16 successful spin-off solu-tions, one for each Complexo da Maré community, until end of 2020.

The Maker Hub in the Complexo da Maré is a great op-portunity to address and tackle multiple issues/topics like


the Olympic Games, resumption of state power in areas occupied by drug trafficking (UPPs), pollution of Guana-bara Bay, empowerment and population education in a positive and productive way.

Its first product ready for the Olympic Games: To demon-strate the vision of the Mare Maker Hub a first product will be developed sold as kind of giveaway to the tourist and officials of the Olympic Games. As the creation of the maker hub and the development and production of this first product might not function one after the other MateriaBrasil will develop such prod-uct in parallel but already applying the given rules to also test the envisioned rules and program while infrastruc-ture of the maker hub is still under build up.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

The Maker Hub project’s specific objective targeting the triple pundit:• Hands on & own income: Train local people in pro-

duction and product innovation methods. Optional: Offer additional training economics, marketing etc. Strengthen the economic foundation of the favela.

• Diversity: Put a special focus on creating empow-ered people among both genders (women and men) by developing programs to each gender needs.

• Build circular technological capacity: develop to-gether complementary production facilities in the favela which can turn the community into a resilient recycling and production hub;

• Waste as a resource: Creating awareness of local

people about the importance recycling and the val-ue of products made of recycled material;

• Environment: Educate the local population about environmental issues from the incorrect disposal of solid waste;

• Pollution Reduction: Reduce the amount of plastic waste and other things dumped irregularly at Com-plexo da Maré and into the Bay of Guanabara.

ADDED VALUE FOR THE STAKEHOLDERS

What are the results to aim for (01.2016 – 12.2020)?

Product Solutions: • AgiveawayfortheOlympicgamesandtotest

thebusinesscaseoftheMMH • InnovationProjects:40-60 • Products:16-30 • Spinoffcompanies/productionmodules:8-16 • Recycledmaterial:KG(tobeevaluated)

Empowered Professionals (50% women): • Educatedtechniciansinemployment:

200(20people/semester) • Trainedtrainers/companyownersinbusiness:

20-40 • AlumniNetwork(educatedpeople,visiting

innovationcompanies)

http://www.triplepundit.com/


For Maré and its citizensThe main values of this project are to kick off several entre-preneurial entities based on the use of collected and recy-cled material, increased awareness about circular consump-tion as a great way of living and the demonstration that it improves the environmental and living quality within Maré. The Mare Marker Hub program creates a circular economy within the Complex fostering community development and bringing effective results against pollution to the Guanaba-ra Bay and Rio de Janeiro. And finally this project will create capable women and men able to build up their family and contributing to the local community.

For Rio de Janeiro & Guanabara Bay• Preventing that plastics reach the bay as litter.

Using the example of the eco barrier at the Cunha Canal which collect 30 tons of garbage per month and assuming that 5% of this material are plastics, 1500 kg of plastics would reach the eco barrier per month. Considering that 1% of such plastics waste would be processed by the Maker Hubs and reintroduced into the community, 15 kg of plastics waste would be prevented reaching the bay per month or 180 kg per year. An increase to 5% of the plastic recovery would prevent nearly a ton of plastics reaching the water per year.

• Laying ground for citizen prosperity: The various educated and started ventures will lead to various levels of tax income towards the city. As whole Mare will benefit indirectly also Mare will develop towards an integrated district of Rio de Janeiro.

• International Lighthouse for Frugal and Circular Innovation: Rio de Janeiro could become one of the global hot spots for “bottom up” citizen driven innovation and therefore could export its success story internationally to other challenged societies.

• Olympic Spirit sparks sustainable innovation, consumption and internal market: By creating first applications to be used around the Olympic Games this venture could provide a great story for the city how it has sparked joint innovation and sustainability.

For Investors (ROI)The MMH will need budget to pay the tutors and techni-cians in place, run the place (rent, energy, water, others), to purchase the hardware/software and to purchase material to produce 40 – 60 projects, which might include signifi-cant production technology. The MMH will create educed people, applications and processing/production units.

Such services, if not supported by city tax, will be offered to the Mare citizens free of charge but could be com-bined with a payback duty in case profit is generated. A feasible payback solution for all parties, which ensures that is does not drive the person into black market, has to be developed in Phase 01.

Example could be royalties in case business is successful (e.g. 1.5% of profit until a certain level e.g. debt plus x% has been reached). Providing training and infrastructure, lowering the running costs of the Maker Hub, could com-pensate such payback.


For technology companies & innovation firmsAs the technology & products will be developed open source manner, the solutions will not create protected IP but it will allow certain technology providers to involve their technology plus learn from it to further use it in their own processes and to implement it in other developing or bridge countries without the need to provide additional investment to protect such technology.

The MMH will also provide an ideal place for innovators and manager in developed countries to contribute with their expertise and to learn and train frugal innovation and how to achieve a solution for the PPP.

For the Olympic Games TeamThe team will receive a giveaway locally produced within the most relevant and interesting favela of Rio de Janeiro demonstrating the sustainability potentials of Rio de Ja-neiro and the value of goods made of recycled material.

COST ESTIMATION

All amounts presented below relate to the project running until 08/2016.We estimate that 285.000 USD will be needed to estab-lish the foundation of the Mare Maker Hub and to run it the first 6 months.Further cost most probably will be lower at 100.000 - 150.000 USD per year but further evaluation will be done in first segment of the Phase 01 to clarify total running cost, potential revenues and return on invest probability.

1. Development team (design & engineering)Scope: The development team will be responsible for the technical development of the Maker Hub Program, en-suring that it is able to perform the intended function (education, product innovation, solid waste processing). This team will be responsible for the establishment of the program, buildup of the physical maker space, the selection of the projects, acquisition of all needed stake-holders and provision of the methodology to develop products and processes which will lead to the successful launch of 16 solutions entities until 2020. • Team:MateriaBrasilandFloatingHorizon,I.S.I.• Labor:1FTE• CostConsistsof:Workingtime,traveling&hotel• Resulting Costs: USD 100,000.00

2. The Maker Hub & running it for 6 monthsScope: Execution and implementation of the Maker Hub, installation of a certain set of machines needed for pro-totyping and to educate people practically.• Team:Supervisionthroughthedesignteamanden-

gineeringandexecutionbyathirdparty,2Employ-eesfor6months.

• Labor:2-3FTE• CostConsistsof:Hardware,Costsforrentingof

Space(6months),renovation,labourcosts • Resulting Costs: USD 120,000.00

3. Olympic Games GiveawayScope: In parallel to the Maker Hub development a pro-totype will be developed using the projected methods and networks to assess and iterate the project needs.


The scope of the prototype will be to function as a give-away sold during the Olympic Games as a Mare Icon.• Team:Supervisionofthedesignteamandengineer-

ingandexecutionbyathirdparty• LaborIntensity:0.4FTE• Costcomponents:processinghardware,labor,mar-

ketingcost• Project cost: USD 50,000.00 (50% paid back due

to revenues)

4. Anthropological monitoringScope: The anthropology team will be responsible for re-lationship-community project team. They shall assist the design team in the field of research, pointing out relevant questions that must be observed to ensure the project is successfully implemented, respecting the cultural traits of the community. Anthropology team will also provide the development team with all data and information about the community that are necessary / relevant.• Team:FavelaObservatoryNetwork&Maré• LaborIntensity:0.3FTE• Project cost: USD 15,000.00

VALUE CHAIN STAKEHOLDERS

Stakeholders: Maré Networks | Favela Observatory | Ma-teriaBrasil | Maré Population | fishermen community | Maré Community leaders | Local BusinessDesigning the next development chain together with all stakeholders:

Networks of Maré and Favela Observatory: The Maré Net-works as well as the Observatory of slums act as local organizers. Because they already have links with the communities they will help identify the best focal points to facilitate dialogue with the people and build and lead the work methodology with communities;

MateriaBrasil and other external innovation experts: Mate-riaBrasil acts in the development of plastic processing plants and its implementation in the Complexo da Maré. This work will be developed through human-centered design and will primarily inspire the Maré community;

Colony of fishermen, community leaders: They will be re-sponsible, as well as networks of Maré and the Favela Observatory, to facilitate dialogue and the implementa-tion of the project. Will be the focal point of people’s representation for all the times when we can not work directly with it.

Litter pickers: Mare has already a well-established com-munity of litter pickers which mainly collects PET bottles. Those bottles are pressed into bails and sold out of Mare. Litter pickers are needed to purchase feedstock e.g. PET bottles for production, to discuss which other material could be collected at scale but do show a value disadvan-tage while still useful as a feedstock for applications (e.g. Polystyrene) or to enable litter collection via eco-barriers.

Craftsmen & interested Citizens of Maré: Are the executors of the project itself. The whole project is based on com-munity engagement. People who will be trained should


be local residents and all plastics received / collected should also be local.

Women within Mare: Women are a very essential part of low income societies but quite often do lack in access to personal development. As e.g. mothers stay inside the favela while caring for the children, creating a dedicated program for this segment in society will provide a great foundation to lift Mare.

Local businesses (retail): After processing plastics into new products local retail shops are needed to sell them and build an important element to establish the circular econ-omy chain mounted inside the complex.

Universities: Local Universities can help to examine col-lected waste, identify potential health risks and to assess if bay collected material can be used for production or only for energy production.

SIMILAR PROJECTS

5. Projects already using rudimentary technique plastic processing already happening in Brazil and abroad. How-ever, none of the investigated projects has the character to empower the community. Usually these actions take place separately.

Sea chair - Studio Swinehttps://vimeo.com/58461689

The Studio Swine developed this chair is made from the reuse of plastic collected at fishing. They developed simple molds and a melting furnace for plastic kerosene. The chair is made aboard the fisherman boat itself. With the material collected designers do chairs receiving numbering geo-graphical position where the plastic was collected.


Recicleta - Brownie Luiz, MateriaBrasil and Zebu Mediawww.recicleta.vc

The recicleta is a project developed by MateriaBrasil along with other companies to work from the plastic Luiz Brownie and turns it into other products. Through a mo-bile recycling unit (a Recicleta) the process happens in front of the user eyes. The idea is to educate the client Brownie Luiz that this residue apparently has no value actually has an intrinsic value and must not be disposed of carelessly.

FURTHER SOCIAL INNOVATION PROJECTS/INITIATIVES

Open Source Ecology:www.opensourceecology.org

Open Source Blueprints for Civilization. Build Yourself. OSP is developing open source industrial machines that can be made for a fraction of commercial costs, and shar-ing its designs online for free. The goal of Open Source Ecology is to create an open source economy – an effi-cient economy which increases innovation by open col-laboration.

Maya Pedal: www.mayapedal.org

Maya Pedal creates bicimaquinas or bicycle machines, but it is more than that. It provides housing and a kitchen for volunteers, who are in charge of running the facility. Volunteers are at the site 24-7 and we maintain the facil-ity, respond to emails, update the website, cook for each

other. We also help Carlos in the shop making the bicimaquinas, performing repairs and mainte-nance on customers’ bikes and cleaning and organizing the shop. So volunteers can help in the shop and the office and we can also help in improving the volun-teer housing facility.

http://www.opensourceecology.org

http://www.mayapedal.org


Open IDEO:www.openideo.com OpenIDEO enables people everywhere to collaborate in developing innovative solutions to pressing social and environmental challenges.Starting the process with research to develop empathy and understand people’s needs before diving into solu-tions. OI also believes in learning through building – try-ing out ideas with real people as quickly as possible, in-corporating their feedback, and then refining ideas again. Convinced that the best innovation comes from co-cre-ation amongst people with diverse perspectives.

TIMETABLE

Phase 01 (up to 08.2015)Objective: A) Definition of the program package, business model, identification and selection of the 1st set of proj-ects to tackle. B) Development of the GiveAway concept and get a decision.

May 2015: • Formalizationofpartnershipsandearlyfield workintheComplexodaMaré;

June 2015: • A1:Engagementwithlocalcommunity,finding workshop,MMHvaluepropositionandinvestors definitions(whoistheclient);• A2:Observationfieldworkanddatacollection

(volumeofsolidwastegenerated,kindofwaste,population,fishermen’sassociations,etc.);

• A3:ExamineEcoBarrierMaterial• B1:MeetingwithOlympiccommitteetodiscuss

possiblegiveawayunderthebrandofMarewithsupportoftheOlympicGamesteam.

July 2015: • A4:Developmentoftheprogramconceptplusscale,

costandvalueplanningfortheMMH;• A5:ExaminetheEco-Barriersmaterialanalyseat

theuniversity.• B2:Developmentofthegiveawayproductdesign

anditsprocessing,branding,salesstrategybasedonthemadeobservations;

August 2015: • A4:Reviewofconceptsolution;• A6:ReceivereportaboutusabilityofEco-Barrier

material.• B2:ReviewofthegiveawaywithOlympicGames

Team,costplanningandpricing,marketingplanning.Providedetailedtimeplanforsigning.

September 2015: • A5:finalizetheMMHprogramscopeuntil2020and

presentfordecisiontoCityofRiodeJaneiroandotherinvestors.

• B3:Designtheproductreadyforproduction,defineplantobuildtheproductionunitorplanpurchaseofproductionunit.

Phase 02 (up to 08.2016)Objectives: A) Establish the Mare Maker Hub; B) devel-

http://www.openideo.com


op, produce and bring GiveAway to the market. In this phase creation of the MakerHub and the production of the first demonstration solution (GiveAway) will run in parallel, which will create potential for various challenges.

October 2015: • A1:PrototypingandtestthefinalMMHconcept;• A2:Selectandpurchaseworkshopmachinery neededtomakemoldsandproductionunits.• B1:Purchaseproductionunitorsemifinished partstoproducetheproductionmachine. Planmarketing.

November 2015: • A2:Rentspaceandidentifypeoplewhowillhelpto

runthespace(volunteertutors).• A3:Reachouttopeopleinthecommunityto identifyissuesandtoidentifyinnovators;• B2:ManufactureProductionUnitandmold;

December 2015: • A3:Identificationofcommunitychallenges• B3:ManufactureofMakerHubofmoldand production.

January 2016: • A4:LaunchofthefirstMakerHubandcommunity

empowermentseries.• B4:ProductionofthefirstGiveAwaysaspartofthe

trainingtoshowhowproductionworks.• B5:Brandcreationandsalesconceptdevelopment

February 2016: • A5:Proceedinthetrainingandconceptphaseof

firstsolutions.• A6:MakerHubWebsitedevelopment.• B6:Salespreparationandpromotionpreparation

(WebsiteOnlineShop).

March 2016: • A7:Conceptreviewwithlocalcommunity(waste

collectors,consumers,retail)andinclusionofaware-nesselement.

• A8:Reviewofthemethodology.• B7:Startsales.• B8:Planhandoverorexitstrategyofthe1stprod-

uct.

April 2016:• A9:Re-iterationofthe2ndsolutionconceptphase

(product,productionandbusinessmodeling)• A10:StartcreationofthefirstannualMMHreport

incl.amakingof.• B9:DefinestepstoSpinoutthe1stproducttogeth-

erwithnew/futureownerofproductandproduc-tion.

June 2016: • A11:Finalpresentationofthenewsolutionseries

fordecisiontocommunityandinvestorstodecideforproduction.

• A12&B10:Presentationof1stphasereport.• B11:SpinOutof1stproduct.


July 2016: • A:SolutionStreamAwillproceedlikeBbefore.• C:StartofnewsolutiontrainingstreamCwillstart

towelcome20traineesand4challenges.• Steering:ReviewWorkshoptoplandirectionsfor

2017(identifygapsinthevaluechaintoincreasecollectionandrecyclingofwasteandtoachievestrategicaddedvalueforthecommunity).

• Createdecisionhowtoproceed,whichcompaniestoinvolve,solutionstoscope,perhapsotherfavelastobranchout.

• Planconferenceandotheroptionstopresent learnings.

Phase 03 (after 09.2016)After the implementation of the 1st product, the Mare Maker Hub, with positive results, we will seek ways to rep-licate the project in other communities of Rio de Janeiro.

ANNEX

PARTNERS

MateriaBrasilThe MateriaBrasil * (www.materiabrasil.net) is a referral center for materials and systems with high socio-envi-ronmental responsibility index and patterns of production and conscious consumption. Created by the union of the Environmental Advisory System and the Fiber Design, the MateriaBrasil brings together one of the best col-lections of low environmental impact materials and high social contribution in Brazil. With a multidisciplinary team involving engineers, designers, economists, biologists and others and two seats (in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro) the company is in a position to act in several areas, namely:• Design:Productdesign,exhibitiondesignandevents

andgraphicandpromotionaldesign;• Materioteca:Sourcingandselectionofmaterials

socioenvironmentallyresponsiblepurchasingman-agementassociatedwithservicesourcing,genera-tionoftextualoraudiovisualcontent;environmentalmanagementsystem;

• EnvironmentalServices:Analysisoflifecyclecarbonandenvironmentallabelinginventory;

• Materialization:Modeling,prototyping,manufactur-ingandproductionmonitoringofenvironmentallyresponsiblepartnerproducts;


All listed services have the conductive line business models and innovative production models, practical ap-plication of networking (which allows the collaboration of suppliers and partners in service), the search for continu-ous innovation and sustainable development.The company’s main objectives are to disseminate valu-able information on sustainability, promoting the con-struction of values for a more sustainable economy; Take responsible choices for companies, architects, designers, engineers and other professionals to innovate in their de-signs and products from our services; Develop projects, indoors or in partnerships with customers, accompanying all these guidelines and concetradas MateriaBrasil infor-mation in order to launch the public conscious products.

FloatingHorizon (Ralph Schneider)Senior manager in innovation, acts as a volunteer in the “Clean Delta Challenge” project in the areas of strategy, concept and system development. He has previous experience in me-chanical engineering, innovation management and develop-ment of plastic commodities. His personal project is www.floatinghorizon.org and he is founding member and senior advisor at the Ocean Collaboration Platform an open inno-vation platform for ocean sciences technology (IRS FEDER-AL TAX ID NUMBER (EIN): 46-2553792; Address: 300 cen-tral park west apt. 3D2, New York, NY 10024-1513, USA); www.ralphscheneider.de.

Investments in Sustainable InnovationsRelevant goals of company: Value chain improvements through innovative approaches and system analyses; fostering circular economy. Plastic litter prevention fo-cus. Assisting governments to reach resource efficien-cy goals. Contact: Yvon Wolthuis, [email protected], +31 628829858.

Common goalEmpower local people and small enterprises through low investment solutions and easy access technologies for the treatment of plastic waste from the Complexo da Maré.

Local Context (automatic translation from Portuguese) What is the MaréLocated in the city of Rio de Janeiro squeezed into a strip of land between Brazil Avenue, the main thoroughfare of the city and the shore of the Bay of Guanabara, which binds via the Channel Cunha, find the Complexo da Maré. What it was originally a mangrove swamp turned into one of the largest sets of city slums counting, according to the latest official survey, with approximately 140,000 inhabi-tants distributed among 16 poor communities and more than 40,000 households.Originate from the 40s, the town is plagued by social problems, infrastructure, violence and lack of govern-ment action. Even after the occupation of the territory by the armed forces and subsequently by the military police of the state as part of the favela pacification program

http://www.ralphscheneider.de



(UPP’s) of the Government of Rio de Janeiro, the resi-dents of Complexo da Maré daily face problems relat-ed to lack of investment in development and assistance from the government. “Facing prejudice and social stig-ma is one of the common challenges in the daily lives of the residents of Maré. Like all other slums of the city, Maré has been treated as lacking territory without or-der, lawless and violent. Many of its residents still use neighborhoods - Bonsucesso and Ramos, for example - as address reference when seeking employment, even those requiring less education or professional expertise. The stigmas imposed on the territory are also written in the body of people, especially young people, perversely


seen as potential violent. “Despite starting as an illegal occupation, the Maré is now considered an official part of the city of Rio de Janeiro, being the XXX Administrative Region of the Municipality. The 161 districts of the city, the Maré is the ninth most populous. Although it was formalized as neighborhood, the situation remains critical of the complex, with lack of public investment in safety, sanitation, health and above all in education. To this day communities face problems with regular garbage collec-tion, electricity supply and the health system, causing the local population seek palliative solutions that cause great negative impact as desague sewage and garbage dump in Canal Cunha (Bay Guanabara), garbage burning in a pub-lic place and illegal electrical connections (power cats).“The struggle for access to public services is something permanent for the residents of Maré. Thanks to the dif-ferent forms of collective mobilization and negotiation with the government today are present in the Maré 17 public schools, nine health centers and a unit of social care. It is true that there is much to invest, especially in education because only three installed schools offer high school, and two of them only at night, which imposes on young continuity of basic education in other districts of the city. “In the growing process against this territory with other areas of the city, it is necessary that the different social groups see the Maré more through their powers than for their needs.

The economy of the Maré“The consolidation of communities was accompanied by family investments beyond housing. The small, however,

varied stores began to emerge and gain combines form, usually, housing and work in the same property. Haber-dashery, bars, liquor warehouses, machine shops, beauty salons came into operation and residents developed their craft as shoemakers, seamstresses, tailors, masons, join-ers, carpenters, merchants, child caregivers, manicures etc., in an intense process of construction of the Maré as the territory of reinvention of work and income gen-


eration. Communities emerge also as a production space of goods and services, although far from achieving autonomy or authority in relation to the city as a whole.

With approximately 140 thousand inhab-itants, the Complexo da Maré is itself a giant trade that has not yet reached its full potential. According to work done by the networks Maré and the Favela Ob-servatory, exist within the complex 3,182 commercial establishments. During the process of research, it was found that the local trade and service held 9,371 peo-ple, of which 76.4% were complex own residents. Of the projects, 93.4% had at

least one of the resident workers in Maré. These figures represent the economic strength that this group of people has, and makes clear the social importance of this market, which in addition to generating in-come and employment internally enables the availability of products and services to the inhabitants of the complex, making it clear that the economy in Maré works in-tended for and with labor predominantly from local villagers.

The Olympics 2016, the population and pollutionWith the approach of the 2016 Olympic Games to Rio de Janeiro faces the chal-lenge of cleaning up the Guanabara Bay, where happen aquatic disputes as the sailing competition. The event brought a large number of city investment that must be reversed not only for mitigation ac-tions but for public education and aware-ness campaigns regarding the high level of pollution in the bay, seeking long-term solutions.Currently mitigation actions are al-ready underway, such as the Eco-boats, Eco-barriers, which relate, respective-ly, collect and bars the floating garbage. At the moment the city has ecoboats 5 and 11 eco-barriers, one of the Channel

Cunha, in the Complexo da Maré.The pollution of the Bay in the current state, and represents a constant threat to Rio’s population and the degradation of a valuable ecosystem, shown as a threat to the Games. If planning is not met athletes will face serious risks, as we see portrayed in the matter of the newspaper O Globo Day 07.05.2015, where two Brazilian sailors who will compete at the Olympics had overturned boat to bump into a plas-tic box floating in Guanabara Bay, where trained. (http://oglobo.globo.com/esportes/vele-jadores-sofrem-acidente-com-lixo-na-raia-olimpi-ca-1-15799860). Is expected to be possible to retain eco-barreiras 4000 tons of waste per year, this gives an average of 30 tons per month in each of the 11 ecobarreiras (http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2014/11/no-rio-eco-barreiras-tentam-conter-poluicao-na-baia-de-gua-nabara.html).

http://oglobo.globo.com/esportes/velejadores-sofrem-acidente-com-lixo-na-raia-olimpica-1-15799860



http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2014/11/no-rio-ecobarreiras-tentam-conter-poluicao-na-baia-de-guanabara.html





223.

In addition to impact the global event approaching, the pollution of Guanabara Bay directly affects the lives of 8.5 million people who live in the surrounding areas, among which, the Complexo da Maré pop-ulation. A clear example of this impact is the fishing community of Marcilio Dias slum (of the complex). Second news sto-ry presented in the Jornal do Brazil, this traditional fishermen colony are struggling to exercise their activity due to siltation caused by an open sewer. The pollution directly affect the income of families liv-ing from fishing. According to the speaker Fisherman Complex, Ishmael, every time it throws a fishing net is more PET bottles and plastic bags than fish (http://www.jb.com.br/comunidade-em-pauta/noticias/2014/02/05/a-mare-nao-esta-para-peixe/).

http://www.jb.com.br/comunidade-em-pauta/noticias/2014/02/05/a-mare-nao-esta-para-peixe/




19.INCREASING PLASTICS RECYCLING OPTIONS

THROUGH NEW PRODUCT DESIGN



Solid waste in the local waters of Rio de Janeiro is om-nipresent and before the start of the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic games a cleaner (surface) water system is of utmost importance for the local responsible authori-ties. In order to sustainably develop and replicate proven source prevention measures with a long-term contribu-tion to the mitigation of plastic waste being lost in the environment by lack of value, this proposal improves the portfolio of possible re-use and recycling for plastic waste by engaging local communities and the creative industry in plastic re-use and recycling pilots.

ScopeObjective of the project is to realise short-term (pilot) proj-ects in order to make people aware of the value of plastic waste and for the useful recycling of solid waste -with a primary focus on plastics- from the waters of Rio de Janei-ro by engaging local communities. Emphasis is on the proj-ects long-term contribution to cleaner surface waters, en-hancing the subsistence of local communities and possibly the prevention of plastics being improperly discarded.Encourage re-use and recycling: shift incentives from wasting to developing a market for re-used and recy-cled products. Combine collection, re-use, recycling with creating job- and income opportunities for communities in areas where socio-economic and waste related prob-lems are severe; one of the preconditions of the product concepts, which are being explored during the current

feasibility phase, is to create job- and income opportuni-ties for local communities.The Brazilians want the bay to be clean during the Olym-pics as well as thereafter. This pilot activity coincides with the Olympics that will be held in the currently polluted Guanabara Bay of Rio.


The proposed solution and its step-wise approachAdded value will be created to currently wasted plas-tics as new feedstock by designing products that can be made out of the wasted plastic material. A market pull can be created for polymers that are nowadays not col-lected because they have too little market value. In that case the chances will increase the use of recyclate in-stead of virgin material. The people at the comunidades have sets of skills that can be used as the basis for sus-tainable development. Long term capacity building for lo-cal ward recycling centres including production facilities will open new income generating routes for the commu-nity. Engaging in environmentally sound practices will in-crease the awareness and generate further sustainable behaviour, enabling cross generation knowledge transfer on reducing the community’s environmental footprint.

Project outline:Quick scan in close collaboration with WWF Netherlands/WWF Brazil in order to:• Investigatethepossibilitiestoobtainsufficientfeed-

stockatwhatquality,fromthefreshwatersysteminordertore-useorrecycleit;

• Designproducts/pilotprojectsinclosecollabora-tionwithindustrialdesigners(includingsponsorsandsupportersofOG)thatcanbeproducedinlocalcommunitiesusinglocalskills,toppedwithnewtechnologiesanddesigns(co-creation)forfeasibleandmarketablefunctionalconsumerproducts;Inventoryofthepresenceandqualityoflocal communitiesskills;

• Reviewthepresenceofsocialandculturaldriversandacceptance;

• Assessthetechnicalfeasibilityandthereaftertheestimatedenvironmentalimpactreductionofthedesignedpilots;

• Assessthemarketabilityoftheproposedproducts;• Assessthefeasibilityofproducttomarketinthe

limitedtimeframe;• Checkthefactualinstitutionalandlegislation

frameworktoengageintheproposedactivities;• Setuplocalrecyclingcentreproductioninthe

comunidadeattheRioCarioca,closetoTijucaNationalParkentranceforthepilot;

• Aftersuccessfulpilotingthenumberofproductsandthecomplexityoftheproductionoptionsmaybeexpanded;

• ReplicationinothercomunidadesinotherriverbasinsinRiodeJaneiroState.

Unique selling proposition/point(s)

Added value:Pilot for Rio de Janeiro starts well before the Summer of 2016 in order to produce a trendy consumer prod-uct that can be sold before and during the Olympic and Paralympic Games.This adds to the reduction of plastic input from Rio de Janeiro State into in the Guanabara Bay. The Olympics, attracting tens of thousands of athletes and millions of spectators are a unique opportunity for this project to disseminate its message amongst the locals and the vis-itors alike. Combining the production of a trendy con-


sumer product with purposely designed communication tools that people can relate to and be actively involved in, is innovative in this field and can be used to reach maximum impact. Three concepts are currently being explored: a bag (shopper) that can be produced in large quantities, a manufacturing cart in order to demonstrate the recycling process and a chair or other consum-er product that can be made out of non-PET plastics. With a ‘bicycle manufacturing cart’ by example, recycling of PET-bottles can be promoted. With this cart people can shred their own plastic waste and see with their own eyes that it can be used straight away to produce other plastic goods which will increase their common under-standing of the lasting possibilities to re-use plastic ma-terial usefully by i.e. melting the polymers and using them as filament for a 3D-printer. To ensure the standard of the products and in an effort to speak the same language in the plastic recycling world, the Plastic Soup Founda-tion will create a recognizable label for recycled plastic products. The above described products will possibly be the first products produced under this label.

DESIGNS FROM CREATIVE INDUSTRY: DESIGNERS PREPARING CONCEPTS FOR AWARENESS CREATION AND PARTICIPATION TOOL


What/ how will the value chain look like

Why World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and with whomWWF is the only large independent international envi-ronmental conservation organization that has offices in most of the key mega delta cities that input the majority of plastic litter into the ocean. WWFs’ credibility, contact network and public outreach are needed to activate ma-jor public and private partners in these cities.More and more young people in the emerging economies grow up in mega cities, far from the remote (protected) areas where WWF usually locates its field projects. For the sake of remaining relevant in these rapidly growing economies WWF should engage in restoring the lost re-lation between the inhabitants of the vast megacities and nature. To make the inhabitants realize that we all benefit from clean water and clean resource efficient production methodologies and use. This program demands working in the cities with the positive outcome of cleaner waters, shores and touristic places with easy to conceive natural and social benefits. People can actually contribute and see the difference: important for WWF urban constit-uency! This way we are promoting for city dwellers to reconnect to nature. In terms of partners, WWF will team up with a profes-sional human welfare organization; depending on the location this could be Oxfam, Care or a local NGO. For the design and execution of this pilot in Rio de Janeiro they cooperate with the local stakeholders, the Dutch network of the ‘Plastic Value Chain Agreement’, in par-ticular The Plastic Soup Foundation and Investments in Sustainable Innovations (ISI).

DESIGNS FROM CREATIVE INDUSTRY: DESIGNERS PREPARING CONCEPTS FOR THE RE-USE OF PLASTICS FOR 3D PRINTING AFTER SHREDDING.



Phase 01 (until 08.2015)Target: (Initiation) Set-up the project and work with de-signers for the development of the concepts to be pro-duced. Perform the required feasibility studies and set up a label.Planning: Start of initiation was 01-11-2014.

Phase 02 (until 08.2016)Target: Implement a pilot for manufacturing one or more products that are made of recycled plastics in the com-munity recycling centre along Rio Carioca. The products are part of a label for the marketing of the products to be recognisable. Organise the business model around the production in order to sustain it.Planning: Start of inception and piloting July 2015.

Phase 03 (After 09.2016)Target: Increase number of products and number of pro-duction facilities, replicate if possible and continue to engage with creative industry for further concept devel-opment.Planning: Slowly but gradually each and every community should have their own production facility. The aim is to open a new facility every six months.

Cost and added value estimation:The cost and added value estimation are currently being examined in a feasibility study. Conclusions are expected in August 2015.


ANNEX


WWFWWF-Brazil is a non-governmental organization dedicated to the conser-vation of nature aiming to harmonize human activity with the conservation of biodiversity and promote the ratio-nal use of natural resources for the

benefit of today’s citizens and future generations. WWF- Brazil, created in 1996 and headquartered in Brasilia, develops projects across the country and is part of WWF, the largest independent network of nature conservation, with operations in more than 100 coun-tries and the support of about 5 million people, including members and volunteers.

Plastic Soup FoundationPlastic does not belong in the oceanThe contamination of the oceans by plastics is an added problem to global

warming, acidification and overfishing. The oceans form 72% of the earth’s surface and are our main suppliers of oxygen. Plastic pollution is therefore a serious threat to earth’s vital ecosystem, especially because plastic does

not biodegrade. Through the degradation and fragmen-tation of plastics into small pieces, all our water changes into a global soup of microplastics. Toxic chemicals are also released by these plastics. Animals, even zooplank-ton, mistake the broken down plastic for food. In this way toxic waste often enters our food chain. A large part of the world’s population is dependent on food from the ocean. The plastic contamination of the water can do se-rious harm to our health. Against this background, the Dutch NGO Plastic Soup Foundation wants to call a halt to the increasing plastic contamination of our oceans. The PSF wants to strongly advocate for that no more plastic enters in the sea in the future.

Investments in Sustainable InnovationsRelevant goals of company: Value chain improvements through innovative approaches and system analyses; fos-tering circular economy. Plastic litter prevention focus. Assisting governments to strategically reach resource ef-ficiency goals.


231.


20.NET-WORKS



Scope

PeopleFor many living in coastal and lakeside communities in developing countries, fishing, seaweed farming, and small-scale agriculture are the only ways to bring home food for the day. These livelihoods carry a high level of risk, and people have little access to financial services or social security in the event of natural disasters or other emergencies.In a world where global pressures on natural resources are increasing exponentially, conservation efforts are of-ten difficult and expensive, and the costs of conservation often fall disproportionately on the poorest people living in rural areas. ZSL works to find solutions that can benefit these people.As community members sell nets into Net-Works’ global supply chain, the programme provides long term value that would otherwise not be available, and a valuable source of additional income that can be used to acquire food in times of need, support education choices, or to invest into other livelihood opportunities.Rapidly depleting natural resources present a problem for the environment at large, but also a significant struggle for businesses. Operating in a traditional ‘take-make-waste’ industrial model will eventually lead to the de-struction of the environment, but will also invariably lead to economic collapse.

BusinessAs part of a bold, Mission Zero strategy, Interface is de-termined to cut its dependence on oil, switching from petro-chemical raw materials to 100% recycled or bio-based materials to produce carpet. Finding a consistent, high quality supply of nylon polymer presents a unique sourcing challenge.Net-Works provides a creative solution, sourcing waste nets as a way to close the manufacturing loop. Through this programme, Aquafil gets a high-quality source ma-terial that can be recycled into nylon yarn for carpet tile production. By bringing some of the poorest people into a global supply chain; Interface takes one step closer to-wards becoming an inclusive business. And by increasing the supply of recycled content, Interface is eliminating dependence on raw materials.Net-Works works to develop socio-economic infrastruc-ture at each collection site as a platform for net collec-tion, either setting up new community banking systems or strengthening existing networks, that provide finan-cial services and valuable savings education for men and women.

EnvironmentHealthy marine and freshwater ecosystems are essential to sustain life on our planet – from climate regulation to mineral production, drinking water and food – everyone depends on water to survive, whether you live in a land-locked urban area or on the rural coast.But the system is fragile, and plastic debris in our oceans presents one of the most pervasive, persistent and dam-aging forms of pollution. Nylon fishing nets represent

http://interfaceglobal.com/Sustainability/Interface-Story.aspx

http://net-works.com/about-net-works/what-is-inclusive-business/


a large portion of that plastic pollution. The nets take hundreds of years to break down, and continue to catch and kill marine life with no human benefit – an outcome known as ghost fishing.

ZSL is always searching for solutions to environmental problems that are financially sustainable and that directly benefit the people living nearby these vital marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Net-Works provides long-term incentives that empower and motivate communities to work together to clean up their natural environment, strengthening the biodiversi-ty they rely on for livelihoods, and encouraging them to adopt more sustainable behaviours – keeping the nets out of the ecosystem for good.

The proposed solution and its step-wise approachNet-Works enables local residents to collect discarded nets, which wreak havoc with the marine ecosystem, and sell them back into a global supply chain – giving those destructive, broken nets a second life as beautiful and

long-lasting carpet tile.

The product of an unlikely partnership, the Net-Works programme is proof that when business, conservation, and communities innovate together, we can create posi-tive, sustainable change.

The first Net-Works pilot began in Danajon Bank, Philip-pines, and the Philippine programme continues to grow as we work to fine tune this innovative model and mea-sure its impacts. We are currently setting up a new Net-Works collection site in Cameroon. We are also working on the production of a Net-Works manual that can be used to help replicate the model.

Unique selling proposition/point(s)By working together in close partnership, Interface and ZSL are creating a solid business solution with long-term positive impacts on marine and freshwater ecosystems while also providing financial opportunities to some of the poorest people in the world.Net-Works enables fishing communities in developing


countries to sell waste nets back into a global supply chain – Interface receives a fully recycled source of ny-lon for carpet tile production, and the local community receives long-term incentives to protect their natural en-vironment.

Cost and added value estimation:Indication of costs for running projects to be used as an indication for projects in other countries: We have recently been granted two grants by the Dar-win Initiative (UK) to fund expansion. The first grant (USD $530,000) will contribute towards our expansion of a third Philippine collection hub in Northern Iloilo. The sec-ond grant (USD $495,000) will be used to support our expansion efforts into the Lake Ossa area of Cameroon, West Africa.

ValueIndication of value of polyamide fishnets per kilo -> varies from 0,40 Euro till 1,50 Euro, depending on quality and cleaned state.

Costs later stagesInvestment in local depolymerisation factory, where polyamide 6 can be recycled

What/ how will the value chain look likeNet-Works is an innovative, cross-sector initiative de-signed to tackle the growing environmental problem of discarded fishing nets in some of the world’s poorest coastal communities whilst at the same time support Interface’s Mission Zero goal to source 100% recycled material for its carpet tiles.

SIMILAR TYPES OF PROJECTS

What is Net-Works ? Net-Works is an innovative, cross-sector initiative de-signed to tackle the growing environmental problem of discarded fishing nets in some of the world’s poorest coastal communities whilst at the same time support Interface’s Mission Zero goal to source 100% recycled material for its carpet tiles. The pilot-programme has es-


tablished a community-based supply chain for collecting discarded fishing nets in rural coastal areas in the central Philippines, including the Danajon Bank, one of only six double-barrier reefs in the world, and the nearby Ban-tayan Islands.

What impact has Net-Works had? Collection levels: To date, we have collected 61,845 kgs (136,345 lbs) of discarded fishing nets, helping 4,500 vil-lagers in 14 collection sites in Danajon Bank and the Ban-tayan Islands. If not collected, these nets can persist for centuries, taking a toll on the environment and marine life. Socio-economic impact: Through collection of the fishing nets, fishers and community members, who generally live at or below the poverty line, can earn supplemen-tal income. Net-Works is closely integrated with valuable community banking systems that support and strengthen the local, developing economy and provide new financial opportunities for residents. Community banking empow-ers programme members to establish forms of micro-in-surance, savings and loans for the benefit of both individ-uals and the community. Environmental impact: Net-Works helps to ensure that end-of-life fishing nets, now an additional source of reve-nue for residents, will no longer be discarded in the natu-ral environment. Net-Works not only brings Interface one step closer to its goal of closed-loop manufacturing, but also brings ZSL closer to its conservation goals of improv-ing coastal environments, including villages, beaches and waters as well as conditions for marine life.

What makes Net-Works different? With Net-Works, we’ve aspired to create a project that has positive impact for people, for the environment and for business. For Interface, Net-Works is the first step on a path towards becoming a restorative enterprise, a goal originally established by Interface founder, Ray Ander-son. Net-Works is the product of a true partnership and collaboration between Interface, the Zoological Society of London and our yarn supplier Aquafil leveraging the different skills, experiences and networks of each partner.

As Miriam Turner, AVP Co-innovation at Interface and a co-founder of Net-Works explains: “It may seem a little crazy that a commercial carpet tile company has ended up working with the fishing commu-nity on a remote double barrier reef. But that’s the beau-ty of seeing design as more than just product. Co-inno-vating with experts from lots of different disciplines has been brilliant; together we’ve re-imagined what the value chain could look like. Sustainability is the mother of all collaborations after all.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFQdcDqv5jg

Existing Technology and MarketThe collected nets can be sold to Aquafil, who has a de-polymerisation factory in Slovenia recycling the wasted nets into yarn for Interface, who is worldwide market leader in carpet tiles.


ANNEX


The strength behind the Net-Works partnership is what makes Net-Works work. Interface provides business strategy, startup capital and a global network. ZSL pro-vides conservation expertise, local community organisa-tion and local partner development. And Aquafil provides an innovative regeneration process that recycles the nets into yarn. The core team is dedicated to a long-term agreement: to work together to co-innovate an inclusive model that can grow and scale. Net-Works relies on solid relationships with dedicated, and trusted local partners in the Philippines, Cameroon, and with the members of the supply chain. This partnership model ensures that Net-Works can be adopted by local communities with great care and consideration of local economies, customs, and relationships.

Interface, Inc. is the world’s largest manufacturer of commercial carpet tile. A global leader in innovation and environmental sustainability, they set the pace for man-ufacturing using materials and processes that take less from the environment. They are well along the path to Mission Zero®, a company-wide promise to eliminate any negative environmental impact of their products by 2020. Net-Works represents the first step for Interface in creating a truly inclusive business that closes the man-ufacturing loop in carpet tile production. More info: www.interface.com.

http://net-works.com/locations/philippines/

http://net-works.com/locations/cameroon/

http://www.interface.com


ZSL and AquafilIn cooperation with a global conservation organisation Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and Aquafil, a global producer of nylon 6 yarn. Founded in 1826, ZSL is an in-ternational scientific, conservation and educational char-ity whose mission is to promote and achieve the world-wide conservation of animals and their habitats. ZSL runs conservation programs in over 50 countries worldwide. Working with local communities to conserve their en-vironment and promote sustainability is a fundamental component of this work. Net-Works sits within two of ZSL’s eight major initiatives; Conservation for Communities, to protect and restore biologically important ecosystems essential for human development and wellbeing, and Business for Nature. A global producer of Nylon 6 yarn, Aquafil is proud to partner with Interface and the Zoolog-ical Society of London for the Net-Works initiative. Aqua-fil has pioneered state of the art technology to produce yarn from recovered fishing nets and other waste. Aquafil remains committed to sustainability and hopes to work together with the team in the years to come, to replicate Net-Works in local seaside communities worldwide.

WasteFreeOceans (www.wastefreeoceans.eu) WFO is a ground breaking public-private foundation aimed at mobilizing and uniting the fisheries sector, pub-lic authorities, the international plastics converting and recycling industry and other interested stakeholders in combating the growing issue of (floating) litter on the coastlines, the rivers and in the seas and oceans. The Foundation was established in 2011 and has since the start got full political support from EU Commissioner Mrs. Maria Damanaki and Danish MEP Mrs. Anna Rosbach. WFO and partners have meanwhile started activities in most of the EU countries. Back offices have meanwhile been established in several parts of the world -WFO The Americas, WFO AsiaPacific, WFO India, WFO AfricaMid-dleEast and others are in preparation, like WFO do Brasil.WFO and partners aim to combine poverty eradication with improved environmental behaviour by giving the local populations a better basis, with cleaner (drinking) water and less rubbish. “Thinking global, acting local”. Various modern style fishing-for-litter projects were launched around Europe together with the fishing in-dustry and several products have been made from the collected waste with up to 100% recycling content. Sev-eral of these initiatives have got global media attention, like the Ecover Ocean Bottle. Several other products are being prepared for launch in the months to come. WFO Champion is Mr. Alain Cadec, Member of the European Parliament and President of the EU Fishery Committee



http://www.wastefreeoceans.eu

Program Proposal240.

Copyright© June 2015

Authored Arnoud Passenier (Ministry I&M) and Yvon Wolthuis (ISI)Edited Henny de Jong (Ministry I&M)Design Wildgroeiers.comPhotography Juliette Schraauwers, Nadine van den Berg, Yvon WolthuisContributors Annex 1 at page 45Printed Zwaan PrintmediaDownload digital pdf www.kunststofkringloop.nl/english

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