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l/Gkf]5] M lgdf{0fsflos af]lw;Tj -6'Ns'_ sf] Ps kbjL

ldng zfSo

Ph.D Candidate

Lumbini Bauddha University

e"ldsf Pj+ dxfofg a'4wd{sf] ;f/

ltAatdf km}lnPsf] a'4wd{ dxfofg -kf/ldtf tyf dGq b'j}_ a'4wd{ xf] h;df l/Gkf]5]sf] :yfg

af]lw;™jsf ¿kdf Psbd} pRr /x]sf] kfOG5 . l/Gkf]5] s;nfO{ lbOg] kbjL xf] t < o;sf] hjfkm

lbg'eGbf klxn] dxfofg a'4wd{sf] ;f/ af]lwlrQ / af]lw;Tj eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 Tof] a'‰g' g} h?/L

5 . dxfofg a'4wd{df ;a} ;™j k|f0fLx¿nfO{ b'Mvaf6 ;bf ;bfsf] nflu d'Qm kf/]/ a'4Tjsf]

cg'Q/ ;'v;Dd k'¥ofpg] cbDo ;+sNk ul/G5 . To; ;Tjfy{ lqmofsf] ;+sNknfO{ af]lwlrQ elgG5 .

To;}n] af]lw;Tj d}q]o gfy lj/lrt cle;dofn+sf/ eGg] u|Gydf lrQf]Tkfb k/fyf{o ;Dos\

;Daf]lw sfdtf !

cyf{t c¿ ;™jx¿sf lxtsf] nflu ;Dos\ ;Daf]lwsf] sfdgf u/]/ lrQf]Tkfb

ul/G5 eg]/ af]lwlrQsf] kl/efiff lbPsf] kfOG5 . ha s'g} JolQmåf/f To:tf] lrQsf] pTkfb

ul/G5, Tof] JolQmnfO{ af]lw;™j eGg plrt x'G5 . o; ;+sNknfO{ k|l0flw af]lwlrQ klg elgG5 .

k|l0flw af]lwlrQaf6 clek|]l/t eP/ af]lw;™j if6\ jf bz kf/ldtf dfkm{t ;Tjfy{ lqmofdf nflu

k5{g\ . o;nfO{ k|:yfg af]lwlrQ elgG5 . k|l0flw / k|:yfg af]lwlrQ@

b'j} ;+j[lt af]lwlrQ x'g\ .#

ha af]lw;™jn] z"Gotf k|ef:j/ jf k|s[lt kl/z'4 lrQ ;fIffTsf/ ug]{ k|1f$

sf ;fy ;+j[lt

!

/fdzÍ/ lqkf7L -;+_, k|1fkf/ldtf]kb]zzf:q] cfrfo{xl/eb|lj/lrtf cle;dofn+sf/j[lQM :km'6fyf{, -;f/gfy M

s]Gb|Lo ltAatL pRr lzIff ;+:yfgd\, !(@!_, k[= % . ltAatL efiffdf o; u|GynfO{ ªf]g\ tf]u\ Uo]g elgG5 . ;f]

u|Gydf ltAatL d"n klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;f]xL u|Gydf ePsf] ltAatL ;+:s/0f cg';f/ pQm ;+:s[t

Znf]ssf] 7Ls ltAatL cg'jfb o; k|sf/ 5 M སེམས་བསྐྱེད་པ་ནི་གཞན་དོན་ཕྱིར། ཡང་དག་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་འདོད །། -pRrf/0fM ;]d\ So] kf

lg Zo]g\ Wog\ l5\o/ . ofª\ wfu\ hf]u\ k] ‰ofª \ 5'a\ 8f]P ._ x]g'{xf];\ M ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པའི་རྒྱན་ཀྱི་འགྲེལ་པ་དོན་གསལ་བཞུགས་སོ །། -pRrf/0fM z]/fj\ lSo kmf /f]n\ 6' l5\og\ k] d] ªf l3 t]g\ Rof]P ªog\ kf/\ tf]u\ k] Uo]g\

lSo 8]n kf 8Øg\ ;n Zo'u\ ;f]_, k[= 13 @

tb\af]lwlrQ+ låljw+ lj1ftJo+ ;df;tM . af]lwk|l0flwlrQ+ r af]lwk|:yfgd]j r .. af]lwrof{jtf/ – !÷!% .

x]g'{xf];\ M lk= Pn= j}B -;+_, zflGtb]jlj/lrtM af]lwrof{jtf/M . k|1fs/dltlj/lrtof kl~hsfVoJofVoof

;+jlntM, -b/e+uf M ldlynfljBfkL7, !(^)_, k[= !! #

nf]a\ kg\ uDkf]kf, དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་གྱི་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན །། wfd\ 5Øf]P lo lZog\ gf]/\ a' yf/\ kf l/g\ kf] 5]O Uo]g\

-;+:s[tM ;4d{lrGtfdl0fdf]If/Tgfn+sf/_ . k]rf k[i7 ;+= *$ . ;f] u|Gysf] k'/f gfd དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་གྱི་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཀའ་ཕྱག་ཆུ་བོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་ལམ་རིམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་བཞུགས་སོ །། wfd 5Øf]P lo lZog\ gf]/\ a' yf/\ kf l/g\ kf] 5]O Uo]g\ Zo]

‰of jf sf 5Øfu \ 5' jf] lGo lSo y]u\ kf 5]g\ kf]O nfd\ l/d\ lUo z] kf Zo'u\ ;f] cyf{t\

;4d{lrGtfdl0fdf]If/Tgfn+sf/gfd–sfbd\–dxfd'b|f–gbLåo dxfofg dfu{qmdfjtf/ xf] . $

ltAatL efiffdf o;nfO{ གནས་ལུགས་ གས་པ ་ ས་རབ །། -Go] n'u\ tf]u\ k] z] /fa\_ jf སྟོང ་གསལ་ གས་པ ་ ས་རབ །། -tf]ª\ ;n

tf]u\ k] z] /fa\_ elgG5 .

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af]lwlrQsf] cEof; ub{5g\, To;nfO{ k/dfy{ af]lwlrQ elgG5 .%

cfrfo{ uDkf]kfn]

;4d{lrGtfdl0fdf]If/Tgfn+sf/ u|Gydf cfo{ ;lGwlgdf]{rg ;"q nfO{ p4[t ub}{ b'O{ af]lwlrQ, ;+j[lt /

k/dfy{ af]lwlrQsf af/]df kl/efiff lbg'ePsf] 5 / tbg';f/ k/dfy{ af]lwlrQ s?0ffldl>t

z"Gotf xf] hf] k|ef:j/, csDKo Pj+ k|k~r/lxt x'G5 .^

;+j[lt af]lwlrQåf/f af]lw;™jn] k'0o;+ef/

ub{5g\ eg] k/dfy{ af]lwlrQåf/f pgn] 1fg ;+ef/ ub{5g\ .

a'4 af]lw;Œjsf lqsfo l;4fGt / lgdf{0fsfosf ¿kdf l/Gkf]5]åf/f ;Œjfy{lqmof

af]lwlrQsf] cy{ /fd|f];+u a'lem;s]kl5 l/Gkf]5] zAbsf] ;lx cy{ klxNofpg ca a'4 af]lw;Tjsf]

lqsfo l;4fGtsf] af/]df /fd|/L a '‰g' h?/L 5 . lqsfo eGgfn] wd{sfo, ;Def]usfo / lgdf{0fsfo

eGg] a'lemG5 .&

;Def]usfo / lgdf{0fsfo ¿ksfo x'g\ . kf/ldtf tyf jh|ofgL cEof;åf/f b'O{

;Def/x¿ cyf{t k'0o ;+ef/ / 1fg ;+ef/sf] cEof; u/]kl5 ¿ksfo / wd{sfo k|fKt x'g]5 .

wd{sfon] :jd'lQm cyf{t cfˆgf] d'lQm x'G5 eg] ¿ksfo k/d'lQmsf nflu k|of]u x'G5 . wd{sfo

cyf{t a'4Tj nfe eO;s]kl5 ¿ksfo klg :jtM k|fb'{efj eO g} xfNg]5 . lqsfo cx{tx¿n] nfe

ug{ ;Sb}g . pgLx¿n] ;a} Sn]zx¿nfO{ Ifo ul/;s]sf x'gfn] ljd'lQm sfo dfq nfe u5{g\ .

1]ofj/0f cem} pgLx¿df afFsL g} xg]5 . af]lwlrQf]Tkfb u/]/ k|f0fLx¿sf] lxt sfo{df gnfUg] x'gfn]

k'0o;+ef/sf] klg cefj} x'G5 . tL sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ cx{tx¿n] lqsfo k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . csf]{

zAbdf cx{tx¿sf] lgjf{0f k|ltli7t lgjf{0f xf] a'4Tj xf]Og . ;4{dk'08l/s ;"qdf elgP em}+ Tof]

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;"kfl;t;+a'4] ;';+e[t1fgk'0o;+ef/] . wd]{if' lglj{sNk1fgk|;jfTk/dtf:o .. $÷* .. x]g'{xf];\ M lk= Pn= j}B,

c;Ëlj/lrtM dxfofg;"qfnÍf/ -b/e+uf M ldlynfljBfkL7, !(&)_, k[= !^ ^ འཕགས་པ་དགོངས་པ་ངེས་པར་འགྲེལ་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ །། -pRrf/0fM kmfu\ kf uf]ª\ kf ª\o] kf/\ 8«]n kf Zo] ‰of kf y]u \ kf

5]g\ kf]lx 8f]_ . of] ;"q ;+:s[t ;lGwlgdf]{rg;"qsf] ltAatL cg'jfb xf] . ltAatL d"n M བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་དེ་ཡང་རྣམ་པ་གཉིས་ཏེ ། དོན་དམ་པ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་དང ། ཀུན་རྫོབ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་སོ །། …… དེ་ལ་དོན་དམ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་དེ་ནི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པ་སྤྲོས་པའི་མཐའ་དང་བྲལ་བ ། ཤིན་ཏུ་གསལ་བ ། དོན་དམ་པའི་ཡུལ་ཅན་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ ། མི་གཡོ་བ ། རླུང་མེད་པའི་མར་མེའི་རྒྱུན་ལྟར་ཤིན་ཏུ་གསལ་བའོ །། ་-‰ofª\ 5'a\ lSo ;]d\ w] ofª\ gfd\ kf lGo t] . Wof]g\

8fd\ kf ‰ofª \ 5'a\ lSo ;]d\ wfª\ . s'g\ hf]a\ ‰ofª \ 5'a\ lSo ;]d\ ;f] . ======w] nf Wof]g\ wfd\ ‰ofª \ 5'a\ lSo ;]d\

w] lg lhu\ t]g\ n] 8] kf 6«Øf] k] yf wfª\ 8n\ jf . lzg\ 6' ;n\ jf . Wof]g\ wfd\ k] o'n\ Ro]g\ l8 df Do] kf . ld -

U_of] kf . n'ª\ Do] k] df/\ d]O Uo'g\ tf/ lzg\ 6' ;n\ efxf]_ . 8fSkf] yf/\Uo]gdf p4[t . x]g'{xf];\ M k"j]f{Qm

kfbl6Kk0fL g+= #, k]rf kq g+ *# . & དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་སྐུ་གསུམ་མངའ་སྟེ ། ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་དང་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐུ་དང ། སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུའོ །། -w] lZog\ z]u\ kf yfd\ Ro] nf s' ;'d\ ªf

t] . 5Øf]P lSo s' wfª\ nf]ª\ Rof]P hf]u\ k] s' wfª\ . 6'n\ k] s'xf] .._ – མདོ་གསེར་འོད་དམ་པ -bf] ;]/ xf]P wfd\ kf cyf{t

;'j0f{ k|ef; ;"q_ . cy{ – ;a} a'4sf tLg sfo x'G5g\ – wd{sfo, ;Def]usfo / lgdf{0fsfo . of] Znf]s ;+:s[t

d"ndf kfOFb}g . vfnL ltAatL / rLlgof ;+:s/0fdf dfq pknAw 5 . ;+:s[t d"nsf] tyfutfo'M–

k|df0flgb]{zkl/jt{M df vfnL wd{sfo / lgdf{0fsfosf] dfq rrf{ kfOG5 . k"j]f{Qm kfbl6Kk0fL g+= #, k]rf kq g+

@!@ .

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vfnL lj>fd dfq xf] .*

To;}n] lrQf]Tkfb jf af]lwlrQf]Tkfb ;Dos\ ;Daf]lwsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] .(

cfkm} hGd d/0fsf] rqmaf6 d'Qm eO;s]tfklg af]lw;Tj s?0ffsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ :j]R5fn] af/+jf/

hGd lnOg} /xG5g\ .

dfly elgPem}+ sd{ / Sn]zsf sf/0fn] ca af]lw;Tjn] hGd lng'kb}{gg\, pgL ;+;f/ b'Mvaf6

d'Qm eO;s]sf 5g\, t/ s?0ffsf] sf/0fn] :j]R5fn] k|f0fLx¿sf] lxt ug{sf nflu lgdf{0fsfo wf/0f

u/L hGd lnO/xG5g\ . s?0ffsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pgLx¿ zfGt lgjf{0fdf /xFb}g . pgL o; b'Mvn]

el/k"0f{ ;+;f/df cfpF5g\, ;Tjx¿;+u} af/+af/ b'Mv ef]lug} /xG5g\ . slxn];Dd of] qmd

rln/xG5g\ t < ha;Dd Pp6f klg ;Tj o; ;+;f/af6 d'Qm x'g afFsL x'G5 ta;Dd . cyf{t

Pshgf ;TjnfO{ klg g5f]l8 ;a} ;Tjx¿ o; ;+;f/af6 d'Qm gx'~h]n;Dd hGd lnOg} /xG5g\ .

lgdf{0fsfo Pp6f ¿ksfo g} xf] . csf]{ ¿ksfo ;Def]usfo xf] . ;Def]usfo pRr e"ld k|fKt

u/]sf ;fwsx¿n] ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;Sb5g\ . t/ af]lw;Tjx¿n] xfdLh:tf c1fgL / lSni6

k|f0fLx¿nfO{ lgdf{0fsfodfkm{t g} p4f/ ub{5g\ .!)

ha xfdL klg ;fwgfåf/f Sn]zx¿nfO{ x6fpFb}

lj:tf/} af]lwlrQ;lxt z"Gotf 1fg ;fIffTsf/ ub}{ hfG5f}+, xfdLn] klg ;Def]usfo a'4

af]lw;TjnfO{ bz{g ug{ k'U5f}+ . of] lglj{jfb ;To xf] . af}4 Oltxf;sf kfgfx¿ kN6fP/ x]g]{xf] eg]

w]/}hgf 7"N7"nf ;fws af}4frfo{x¿ / ljBfw/x¿n] ;fIfft\ a'4 af]lw;™jx¿sf] ;Def]usfo bz{g

u/]/ pkb]z klg kfPsf 5g\ . pbfx/0f:j¿k ltnf]kfn] ;fIfft\ zfSod'lga'4s} ;Def]usfo jh|w/

a'4nfO{ bz{g u/]/ pkb]z k|fKt ug'{eof] . To:t} ef/tLo cfrfo{ gfufh'{g, rGb|sLlt{, c;+u,

l8Ugfu, ctLz nufotsf w]/} af}4frfo{ ;fwsx¿n] af]lw;Tjsf ;Def]usfonfO{ ;fIfft\ bz{g

ug'{ePsf lyP . To:t} cTolws ltAatL af}4frfo{ ;fwsx¿n] klg To:t} bz{g ug'{eof] . t/ a'4

/ cfo{ af]lw;Tjx¿sf] d'Vo sfo t wd{ sfo cyf{t a'4Tj g} xf] . ToxL 1fg ;™jx¿nfO{ k|bfg

ug{ ;™jx¿sf] clwdf]If jf e"ld / :t/ x]/L x]/L a'4 af]lw;™jx¿ ;Def]usfo jf lgdf{0fsfosf

¿kdf cfpg'x'G5 . t/ clxn] xfdL Tof] e"ld;Dd k'u]sf 5}gf}+, To;}n] xfd|f] k|d'v dfu{bz{s g}

*

ty}j >fjsfM ;j]{ k|fKtlgjf{0f;+l1gM . lhgf]̃ y b]zo]Q:d} lj>fdf]̃ o+ g lgj[{ltM .. cyf{t\ ;a} -k|To]sa'4_ /

>fjsx¿n] …d}n] lgjf{0f k|fKt u/]FÚ egL ;f]+R5g \ . pgLx¿nfO{ eujfg\ a'4 eGg'x'G5 M—æof] s]jn lj>fd xf],

lgjf{0f xf]Og .Æ x]g'{xf;\ M lk= Pn= j}B -;+=_, ;4d{k'08/Ls;"qd\, -b/e+uf M ldlynf ljBfkL7, !(^)_, k[= (% (

t:dfbg'Q/fofM ;Dos\;Daf]w]M ; lrQf]Tkfbf] d"nd\ . lrQf]Tkfbk6nd\, af]lw;™j e"ld . x]g'{xf];\ M glngfIf bQ -

;+=_, af]lw;™je"ld -k6gf M sfzLk|;fb hfo;jfn cg'zLng;+:yfg\, !(&*_, k[= * . af]lw;™je"ld rf}yf]

ztflAbsf af}4frfo{ c;Ëkfbåf/f /lrt of]ufrf/e"ld zf:q sf] !% cf}+ u|Gy xf] . of]ufrf/e"ld hDdf !&

u|Gyx¿sf] ;d"x xf] . cGo u|Gyx¿ o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ M != k~rlj1fgsfo;Dk|o'Qmf e"ldM, @= dgf]e"ldM,

;ljtsf{ ;ljrf/f e"ldM, $= cljtsf{ ljrf/dfqf e"ldM, %= cljtsf{ljrf/f e"ldM, ^= ;dflxtf e"ldM, &=

c;dflxtf e"ldM, *= ;lrlQsf e"ldM, (= clrlQsf e"ldM, !)= >'tdoL e"ldM, !!= lrGtfdoL e"ldM, !@=

efjgfdoL e"ldM, !#= >fjs e"ldM, !$= k|To]sa'4e"ldM, !%=––– -k|:t't u|Gy_, !^= ;f]klwsf e"ldM, !&=

lg?klwsf e"ldM . k"/} !& j6f u|Gy ;+:s[tdf pknAw 5}g, ltAat / rLgdf dfq cBflk pknAw 5g\ . !) གཞན་དོན་གཟུགས་སྐུ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཡོད་པས་བཞག་པ་ཡིན་ཏེ ། དག་པའི་གདུལ་བྱའི་ངོས་ལ་ལོངས་སྐུའོ་མ་དག་པའི་གདུལ་བྱའི་ངོས་ལ་སྤྲུལ་སྐུའོ ། Zo]g wf]g\ :x'u\ s' gfd\

lGo of]P k] Zofu\ kf log\ t] . wfu\ k] b'n\ ‰o] ªf] nf nf]ª \ s'xf] df wfu k] b'n\ ‰o] ªf] nf 6'n \ s'xf] . k"jf]{Qm

kfbl6Kk0fL g+ #, k]rf ;+= @!$ . cfrfo{ uDkf]kfn] lqsfosf af/] lj:t[t¿kn] JofVof ug'{ePsf] 5 .

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lgdf{0fsfo x'g\ . To;}n] dxfofgsf] d'Vo cfbz{ g} ;a} ;Tjx¿nfO{ ;+;f/sf] clt eo+s/ b'Mvaf6

p4f/ u/]/ a'4Tjsf] ;'v lbg' xf] . To;sf] nflu af]lw;Tjn] ljleGg ¿kx¿df :j]R5fn] cfkm"nfO{

k|s6 ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ctM b'MvL k|f0fLx¿sf] lxtsf nflu af]lw;Tjn] o; lgdf{0fsfo :j¿knfO{

lgdf{0f ub{5g\ . To;}n] ;dGteb|k|l0fwfg cg';f/M

cfsfzsf], ;Tjx¿sf] jf sd{ / Sn]zsf] cGt ePkl5 dfq d]/f] -;Tjx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug]{_

k|l0fwfgsf] cGt x'g]5 . !!

af]lw;™jx¿sf] d'Vo cfbz{ g} oxL+ xf] . To;}n] xfdLh:tf k|f0fLx¿ /fu, å]if, df]xflb Sn]zx¿sf]

jzdf kl/ k~rf]kfbfg :sGwsf sf/0fn] af/+jf/ hGd lnP/ if8ultdf ef}tfl/Fb} b'Mv ef]lu/fv]sf

x'G5f}+ . slxn] xfdL ;'ultdf kmflnG5f}+ t slxn] b'u{ltdf . Ps ultdf Ps hGd l;l4G5 km]l/ xfd|f]

lSni6 ;f>j lrQ;Gtfgn] csf]{ ultsf] hGddf k|j]z u5{ / b'Mv ef]Ub5 . oxL+ ;+:sf/ b'Mv xf]

csf]{ b'Mv b'Mvtf / ljkl/0ffd b'Mv t ;w} em]lng} /x]sf] x'G5f}+ . xfdL ;'v t rfxG5f}+ t/ k/d

;'v s;/L k|fKt ug]{ Tof] t/Lsf xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g, / b'Mv k~5fpg rfxG5f}+, t/ xfd|f] sfo{n]

xfdLnfO{ emg\ emg\ b'Mv tkm{ g} ws]ln/fv]sf] x'G5 . sd{ / Sn]zsf] jzdf k/L xfdL hGd

lnO/fv]sf x'G5f}+, b'Mv kfO/fv]sf x'G5f}+ . t/ af]lw;™jx¿ sd{ / Sn]zaf6 d'Qm eP/ klg o;

k[YjLdf af/ af/ hGd lnO xfdLh:tf k|f0fLx¿nfO{ b'Mvsf] o; cuf9 ;fu/af6 kf/ u/fP/ k/d

;'v ofg] ls a'4Tj;Dd nfg x/xd]zf tDtof/ eP/ nfluk/]sf x'G5g\, en} o; s7Lg sfo{sf

nflu af/ af/ cfˆg} Hofgs} cfx"lt lsg lbg gk/]f; \, cfˆg} ;'vsf] lsg ltnf~hnL lsg lbg

gk/]f;\ . csf{sf] v';L, ;'vd} cfˆgf] ;'v 7fG5g \ af]lw;Tjx¿ . To;}n] b'MvL k[yu\hg ;Tjx¿nfO{

af]lw;Tjx¿ eGg'x'G5 M

o:of>j]0f g/sflbdxfk|tfk

bfxflbb'Mvdg'e"tde"b\elb\eM .

tLj|+ k'gM k'g/gGtdzfGtlrQ} –

:tR5«f]t'dfb/d'bf/t/+ ehWjd\ .. ! ..!@

cy{M eujfg\ a'4sf] ;4d{nfO{ g;'g]sf] kmn:j¿k dxfk|tfkg h:tf clUgsf] tfkn] o'Qm g/ssf]

7"nf] b'Mv ef]Ug' kg]{5 . Toltdfq xf]Og clt tLj|¿kn] k'g k'g cfˆgf] dg czfGt / ljlIfKt eOg}

/xg]5 . To;}n] eujfg\ a'4sf] Tof] ;4d{ ;'g]/ To;nfO{ cEof; ug{ vf]Hg" .

!!

ofjt lgi7 ge:o ej]of ;™j cz]ift lgi7 ty}j . sd{t' Sn]zt' ofjt lgi7f tfjt lgi7 dd k|l0fwfgd \ .

cfo{eb|rof{k|l0fwfg/fh – Znf]s $^, u08Jo"x ;"q . x]g'{xf]; M lk= Pn= j}B, u08Jo"x;"qd\ -b/e+uf M

ldlynfljBfkL7, !(^)_, k[= $#$ . !@

lk= Pn= j}B, zflGtb]jlj/lrtM lzIff–;d'RroM, -b/e+ufM ldlynf ljBfkL7, !(@!_, k[= #

-5_

To;}n] wd{sfo 1fgsf] sf/0fn] sd{ / Sn]zsf] sf/0f hGd lng] x]t'x¿ ;a} k|xf0f

ul/;s]tfklg pxfFx¿ cx{tn] h:t} zfGt lgjf{0fdf To;} cfgGbk"j{s gal;sg dxfs?0ffsf]

sf/0fn] oxL b'Mvn] el/k"0f{ ;+;f/df k|f0fLx¿nfO{ h'g;'s} pkfosf}zNosf] k|of]u u/]/ klg lxt ug{

af/+af/ hGd lnOg}/xG5 . h:tf] cle;dofn+sf/df af]lw;Tj d}q]on] eGg'ePsf] 5 M

k|1of g ej] :yfg+ s[kof g zd] l:ylt

cg'kfo]g b"/Tjd'kfo]gfljb"/tf .. !! ..!#

k|1fn] ubf{ ejdf :yfg x'Fb}g t/ s?0ffn] ubf{ zd cyf{t lgjf{0fdf klg /xFb}g . pkfo -sf}zNo_

/lxt ePdf -;Tjx¿af6_ 6f9f x'G5g eg] pkfo;lxt ePdf ghLs} x'G5 .

ctM af]lw;™jx¿ ck|ltli7t lgjf{0fdf /xg] x'gfn] af/+af/ lgdf{0fsfosf ¿kdf k|f0fLx¿;+u

lelhg, k|f0fLx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug{ pgLx¿s} nf]sdf cfO/xG5g\ / pgLx¿h:t} hLjgofkg klg

ul//xG5g\ . o;/L olt nfdf] ;do;Dd ;™jfy{ lqmof ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ ysfO nfU5 ls nfUb}g <

nfUb}g lsgeg] ;'? ;'?sf af]lw;Tjx¿n] ;Tjfg'nlDagL / wdf{nlDagL s?0ffsf] dxfanåf/f

k|f0fLx¿sf] cys¿kn] lxt ul//xG5 / z"Gotf k|ef:j/ 1fg k|fKt u/]sf jf e"ld k|fKt u/]sf

af]lw;Tjx¿sf] s?0ff cgfnlDagL, lgik|k~r, åod'Qm x'G5 / olt a]nf;Dd k|f0fLx¿sf] lxt ug]{

eGg] vfnsf] s'/} x'Fb}g . tyfutue{ jf cgfnlDagL, lgik|~r, åod'Qm, k|s[ltkl/z'4 gUg d"n 1fg

-རིག་པ l/u\ k_ ;fIffTsf/ eO;s]kl5 ;Tjx¿sf] lxt ubf{ ub}{ sNkf}+ nfu]klg lglj{sNk eP/ ;f]

sfo{ ul/g}/xG5 . lsgls Tof] 1fgdf e"t, jt{dfg / eljio OToflb s'g} klg ljsNk -རྣམ་པར་རྟོག་པ gfd\ kf/\ tf]u\ kf cyf{t Concept_ x'Fb}g . kf/ldtf / dGqsf] cEof;dfkm{t To:tf] 1fg ;fIffTsf/

ul/;s]sf af]lw;™jsf] lgdf{0fsfonfO{ ltAatL efiffdf 6'Ns' -སྤྲུལ་སྐུ_ elgG5 . wd{sfo /

;Def]usfonfO{ qmdzM 5\of]P s' -ཆོས་སྐུ_ / Nff]ª\ s' -ལོངས་སྐུ_ elgG5g\ . To;}n] 6'Ns'x¿dWo] ;jf]{Qd

6'Ns' d"n u'? zfSod'lg a'4n] k"j{hGddf ug'{ePh:t} cfkm" x/]s hGddf wd{sfo 1fg k|fKt ePsf]

ePtfklg af]lw;Tjsf] ;+j/ cg';f/ sbflk k|f0fLx¿nfO{ PSn} 5f8\g'x'Gg / af/+af/ o; ;+;f/df

kmls{/xg'x'G5, / k'gM k'gM ;Tjx¿nfO{ p4f/ u/]/ cfkm" klg d'Qm eP/ hfg'x'G5 . jf:tjdf

6'Ns'x¿nfO{ g} l/Gkf]5] eg]/ ;Daf]wg ul/G5\ . dxfg lgdf{0fsfo zfSod'lg a'4 ;Dos\ ;Da'4

x'g'x'G5 / eb|sNksf rf}yf] a'4 x'g'x'G5 . clxn] dxfsf?l0fs a'4 zfSod'lgs} wd{zf;g rln/x]sf]

5 . 6'Ns'x¿n] klg ;Tjlxtfy{ c;+Vo hGdx¿ lnG5g\ / kf/ldtf dGqsf] cEof;åf/f l/u\ kf 1fg

;fIffTsf/ ub{5g\ t/ cfkm"n] ;Tjfy{ lqmofsf nflu :j]R5fn] lng] x/]s hGddf To;nfO{ km]l/ km]l/

;fIffTsf/ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 t/ ;Dos\ ;Da'4 zfSod'lg a'4 x/xd]zf lg/Gt/¿kdf l/u\ kfd} /xg'x'G5 .

!#

k"jf]{Qm kfbl6Kk0fL g+ !, k[= $

-6_

To;}n] zfSod'lg a'4nfO{ ;Dos\ ;Da'4 elgG5 / pxfFeGbf kl5 ;Dos\ ;Da'4sf ¿kdf d}q]o

af]lw;Tj cfpg'x'g]5 . To;}n] 6'Ns'x¿sf] e"ld jf :t/df klg km/s km/s x'g]ub{5 .

6'Ns'sf] k/Dk/f ltAatdf w]/} k'/fgf] k/Dk/f xf] . To;f] t ltAatdf a'4wd{sf] cEof;åf/f

l;4 eP/ hGd d/0fsf] s'rqm tf]8\g ;kmn ePsf Ps ;] Ps JolQmx¿ w]/} cfpg'eof] /

hfg'eof] . w]/}hgf 1ft¿kn] k|l;l4sf ;fy 6'Ns'sf ¿kdf cfOg} /fVg'ePsf] 5 eg] s'g} s'g}

c1ft¿kn] klg cfO/xg'ePsf 5g\ . xf] ef}lts¿kdf ltAat Tolt ;d[4zfnL /fi6« aGg ;s]g

t/ cfWoflTds¿kdf ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf ;d[4zfnL b]z ltAat g} x'gk'Uof] . Un]g d'lng dxf]bon]

t oxfF;Dd klg eGg'ePsf] 5 M

cGo b]zx¿ ef}lts pGglts} xf]8afhLdf bf}8], ef}lts pTkfbg ug{tkm{ nfu], pgLx¿n] dgsf]

zflGtnfO{ Tolt rf;f] lbPgg\ t/ ltAatLx¿ dgsf] pGgog, wd{sf] ljsf;df tLj| ultdf uP,

pgLx¿ 6'Ns' -lgdf{0f–sfo_ pTkfbg ug{ tkm{ nfu] . !$

x'g tM 1ft¿kdf 6'Ns's} k/Dk/f k|yd sdf{kf w';'d Vo]Gkfb]lv a:b} cfPsf] xf] . w';'d Vo]Gkf

clxn] ;qf}+ lgdf{0fsfodf x'g'x'G5 . To:t} kl5 bnfO{nfdfn] klg ;f]xL 6'Ns' k/Dk/f cg';f/

Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ clxn] cfP/ !$ cf}+ lgdf{0fsfo bnfO{ nfdf t]lGhg Uof5f] x'g'x'G5 . tL ;a}

af]lw;Tjsf lgdf{0fsfonfO{ cfb/efjsf ;fy l/Gkf]5] jf /Tg eGg] rng /x]sf] 5 . ;fFlRrs} tL

af]lw;Tjx¿ /Tg;dfg g} x'g'x'G5 ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] ;'vsf] OR5f kl/k"lt{ ul/lbg] lrGtfdl0f/Tg .

yk k|df0fsf nflu l/Gkf]5]sf] ljleGg u|Gyfg';f/ kl/efiff

ljleGg zAbsf]if, zAbfjnL / ljåfgx¿n] l/Gkf]5]sf] kl/efiff o;/L lbPsf] kfOG5 . k]df sf/kf]sf]

l8lh6n ltAatL zAbsf]ifsf cg';f/ l/Gkf]5]sf] o;/L kl/efiff lbOPsf] 5 M

l/Gkf]5] cyf{t dxfg\ /Tg . klxn]sf dxfg / l;4 wd{ ;fwssf] k'gh{Gdsf] ¿kdf klxrfg ul/Psf]

JolQmnfO{ of] kbjL lbOG5 . To;}n] pgnfO{ 6'Ns' jf lgdf{0fsfo klg elgG5 t/ w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf

cf}tf/L nfdfnfO{ lbOg] Ps ;DdfgfyL{ kbjL xf] l/Gkf]5] .!%

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x]g'{xf];\ M Un]g Pr= d'lng, lb kmf]l6{g bnfO nfdfh\ M P ;]qm]8 n]Uof;L ckm l/OGsfg]z{g, -gof lbNnL M

hfOsf] klAnl;Ë xfp;_, k[= % !%

x]g'{xf];\ M 6f]gL 8kmåf/f l8hfOg ul/Psf] l8lh6n l8S;g/L . ;f] l8S;g/Ldf hDdf !& j6f u|Gysf] cfwf/df

zAbx¿sf] vf]hL ul/G5 .

-7_

To:t}, z/b rGb| bf;sf] ltAatL c+u|]hL zAbsf]if cg';f/, l/Gkf]5] Ps o:tf] kbjL xf] hf]

Nxf;f tyf tfzLNx'Gkf]sf nfdfx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] k"j{hGdsf nfdfsf lrQ;Gtfgsf] cjtf/sf] ¿kdf

klxrfg ul/Pkl5 lbOG5 / k"j{hGdsf] nfdf a;]sf] cf}krfl/s cf]xbfdf k'gM :yflkt ul/G5 .!^

To;/L g} u|fxd sf]nDofgsf zAbdfM l/Gkf]5] eGgfn] ;fwf/0ftof Psbd cfb/fyL{ cyf{t dx™jk"0f{

JolQmTj eGg] a'lemG5 . ;fwf/0f efiffdf l/Gkf]5]sf] cy{ dxfg\ /Tg xf] . ltAatL a'4wd{df

l/Gkf]5]sf] cy{ Ps cjtf/L nfdf xf] h;nfO{ Psbd} cfb/sf ;fy dxTjk"0f{¿kdf lnOG5, h;nfO{

/Tg em}+ 7flgG5 . tbg';f/ s'g} cjtf/L u'?nfO{ lbOg] kbjLsf ¿kdf …l/Gkf]5]Ú eGg] zAbsf]

Jofks k|of]u ul/G5 .!&

dflysf ;a} kl/efiffx¿af6 s] s'/f :ki6 x'g cfpF5 eg] l/Gkf]5] eGg] zAb cjtf/L nfdf jf

6'Ns' u'?nfO{ dfq lbOg] kbjL xf] . tbg';f/ lgdf{0fsfo jf 6'Ns' u'?nfO{ /Tgem}+ b'n{e / clt

cfb/0fLo dfg]/ ;f] kbjLn] ;Daf]wg ul/G5 . l/Gkf]5]x¿ k'/Zr/0fdf t a:g'x'G5 t/ vfln

k'/Zr/0fdf a;]sf] cfwf/df dfq} s;}nfO{ l/Gkf]5] eGg ldNb}g . To;}n] s'g} JolQmn] u]z] kbjL g}

k|fKt u/]tf klg jf lb3{sfn;Dd k'/Zr/0fdf a;]sf] ePtfklg l/Gkf]5] xf]OGg . of] xfnsf]

ljBfjfl/lw h:tf] k|fl1s kb xf]Og . To;}n] ltAatdf 6'Ns' gePsf sf]xL klg ;fwssf] of] kbjL

5}g / pgLx¿n] o; kbjLsf] df]x jf nf]e klg ub{}gg\, l/Gkf]5]x¿ klg cfˆgf] kbjLdf cf;Qm

x'Fb}gg\ .

ltAatL 6'Ns'x¿sf w]/} s'/fx¿ ;femf x'g] ub{5g\ . s'g} JolQmnfO{ 6'Ns' eg]/ ljlwjt\ klxrfg

ug]{ lalQs} Psbd} Jojl:yt 9Ën] Psbd} :t/Lo 9Ën] lzIff lbIff / tflnd lbOG5, pgsf]

Jojxf/ Psbd} lzi6, cg'zfl;t x'g] dfq xf]Og Psbd s?0ffjfg\ klg x'g] ub{5 . pkfzs jf

cGo eQmhgx¿k|lt Psbd lhDd]jf/ eP/ pgLx¿nfO{ s?0ffk"j{s k|jrg, lzIfflbIff lbP/ p4f/

ug'{x'G5 . 6'Ns'x¿nfO{ cToGt} pRr cf]xbfdf /fVg] x'gfn] pxfFx¿sf] bz{g dfq ugf{n] klg w]/}

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Psbd ax'>'t / wd{k|jrg lbgdf kf]Vt dfq xf]Ogg\ u'Daf, cfud k/Dk/f jf ;Dk|bfosf

;a}eGbf pRr JolQmTjsf ¿kdf klg k'lhG5 .

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;+s]t lbP/ hfG5g\ . slxn]sfxL lbj+ut 6'Ns'sf] lziosf] ;kgfdf klg To:tf] ;+s]t cfpg ;S5

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lziox¿nfO{ cfˆgf] k'g{hGd klxNofpg ;xh xf]; \ eGgfsf] vflt/ To:tf] ;+s]t 5f]8]/ uPsf] x'G5 .

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k[= !!*# . !&

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jN8{, -lbNnL M ?kf P08 s=, !((%_, k[= #&! .

-8_

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klg To:tf] cb\e"t 36gf 36]sf] lyof] .

kl5 6'Ns'x¿nfO{ ljlwjt9Ën] klxrfg ul/Pkl5

pxfFx¿sf] cfˆg} k'/fgf] wdf{;gdf cf/f]x0f u/fOG5 / 7"N7"nf u'?x¿åf/f lzIff lbIff / tfnLd

lbOG5 .!*

ltAatdf To:tf 6'Ns'x¿ slt hlGdP xf]nfg\, slthgfn] lhGbuLe/ k'/Zr/0fdf latfP

xf]nfg\ . pgLx¿sf] nflu cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg g} Ps k'/Zr/0f g} x'G5 eGbf cltzof]lQm gxf]nf .

t/ pgLx¿ dltzf]wg af]lw;Tj cEof;df klg kf]Vt ePsf sf/0f ci6nf]s wd{af6 d'Qm ePsf

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gfdn] ;Daf]wg ug]{ xf] . x'g klg xf], ;fFlRrs} wd{sf] cEof; ug]{x¿nfO{ o:tf] l/Gkf]5] eGg] kbdf

s'g} nf]e tyf cf;lSt x'Fb}g . pxfFx¿ ci6nf]swd{ -k|z+;f, lgGbf, oz, ckoz, ;'v, b'Mv, nfe,

cnfe_ af6 d'Qm x'G5g\ . ci6 nf]s wd{ / lg/y{s ;f+;fl/s ultlalwk|lt k|an a}/fu pTkGg

efjgf pTkGg u/]/ ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf nflu k|an s?0ffefjn] o'Qm eP/ af]lwlrQf]Tkfb gu/Lsg #

jif{ t s] $) jif{;Dd 5fd jf k'/Zr/0f a;] klg a]sf/ x'g]5 .!(

t/ cr]n l/Gkf]5], 6'Ns' eg]kl5 dflg;x¿ pxfFx¿sf] wd{ k|jrgnfO{ eGbf pxfFx¿sf] bz{g

ug'{df g} a9L hf]8 lbG5g\ . u'?x¿sf] bz{g ug]{ / pxfFx¿af6 clwi7fg -སྦྱིན་རླབས lemg\ nfa\_ lng]

sfo{df eg] dflg;x¿sf] 3'Orf] nfUb5 t/ ;fFlRrs} ljz'4 lrQn] pxfFx¿sf] wd{ >j0f u/]/

cEof; ug]{ s'/fdf eg] Hofb} yf]/} JolQmx¿ dfq nfUb5g\ . a'4 wd{ eg]s} dgnfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{

jf dltzf]wg ug]{ wd{ xf] . To;}n] oxfF aflx/L b]vfj6L s'/fx¿df eGbf p;sf] dgaf6 Sn]zx¿

x6\b} uPsf] 5 ls 5}g Tof] kf] d'Vo s'/f xf] . dg} z'4 ePsf] 5}g eg], jf cem} ci6 nf]s wd{nfO{

TofUg ;s]sf] 5}g / s?0ff pTkfb ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] aflx/ aflx/ hlt wd{ u/]klg, hlt 5fd

a;]klg jf hlt hk u/]klg vfln cf8Da/L l;jfo s]xL xf]Og . t/ ;fFRr} l/g\kf]5] u'?x¿ To:tf]

aflx/L cf8Da/L s'/fx¿df nfUg'x'Gg, pxfFx¿sf] hLjg g} Ps ;4d{sf] lg/Gt/ cEof; xf], s?0ff

/ k|1fn] o'Qm .

cfˆg} s]xL cg'ejsf] s'/f u/f}+, d}n] >4]o u'? y|f+u' l/Gkf]5]nfO{ l/Gkf]5]sf] cy{ ;f]Wg] cj;/

kfPsf] lyPF . pxfFn] xfF;L xfF;L hjfkm lbg'eof], ævf]O, dflg;x¿n] cfb/n] dnfO{ l/Gkf]5] eG5g\,

To;df s'g} ljz]if s'/f 5}g, s'g} 3d08 ug]{ s'/f 5}g . ;Sbf] ldx]gtsf ;fy a'4wd{sf] cEof;

dfq ub}{ hfg'xf];\ kmn t cjZo kfOxfNg'x'G5 .Æ pxfF !& cf}+ sdf{kf pUo]{g l7Gn] bf]h]{sf] u'?

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/]lhgfN8 /], l;qm]6 ckm b jh| jN8{ M lb tflGqs a'l4Hd ckm lta]6, -af]:6g M zfDanf klAns]zg O+s,

@))@_, k[= #*%–#()= To; k':tsdf 6'Ns'x¿sf] af/]df lj:t[t JofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . 6'Ns'x¿sf] Jojxf/

s:tf] x'g'k5{, 6'Ns'x¿n] d[To'k"j{ s;/L s:tf] ;+s]t 5f]8]/ hfG5g\, s;/L hGd x'G5g\, / s;/L lzIff tflnd

lbOG5 OToflb ;a} clt lj:t[t¿kdf /]lhgfN8 /]n] ;f] k':tsdf JofVof ug'{ePsf] 5 . !(

sf7df8f}+ af}4l:yt sflGoª\ ;]8'klnª\ jf ;]tf] u'Dafdf @)^^ ;fndf cfof]lht @( cf}+ /fª\Ho'ª\ o]z]

;]ldgf/df >4]o u'? 5\of]ls lGodf l/Gkf]5]åf/f lbOPsf] k|jrgcg';f/

-9_

x'g'x'G5 tfklg s:tf] ljgd|tf, pxfFsf] ;w} xl;nf] cg'xf/ b]Vg kfOG5, ;w} s?0ffjfg . clnslt

klg 3d08 gePsf] ;fFlRrs} af]lw;Tj g} x'g'x'G5 pxfF .

>4]o u'? vfª\;]/ 6'Ns' l/Gkf]5] eGg'x'G5, æof] l/Gkf]5] eGg] kbjL t dnfO{ lr6\7fdf k/];/x

dfq xf] . To;}n] d o:tf] s'/fdf k|fyldstf lbGg . d'Vo s'/f t cEof; xf] .Æ s:tf] pRr ljrf/ Û

vfnL ci6nf]swd{af6 d'Qm af]lw;Tjn] dfq To;f] eGg ;Sb5g\ . gfd / ozsf] clnslt klg

nf]e 5}g . vfnL wd{ cEof; dfq .

cfkm" s;}sf] cjtf/ xf] ls egL ;f]Wbfv]/L ldnf/]kfn] klg eGg'eof], æcfkm" s;sf] lgdf{0fsfo

x'F eg]/ d cfkm}nfO g} yfxf 5}g . x'g;S5 d tLg b'u{ltsf s'g} k|f0fLsf] lgdf{0fsfo xf]pFnf . x'g

t d lgdf{0fsfo x'F eGg] efjgf dk|ltsf] cgGo elQm jf >4fsf] sf/0f ltdLx¿sf] dgdf knfPsf]

xf]nf . t} klg ;fFlRrs} eGg'kbf{ ;fwgfsf nflu of] h:tf] eo+s/ afwf t c¿ x'g} ;Sb}g . o:tf]

;f]FrfO{n] ;4d{sf] cEof;nfO{ g} IftljIft kfl/lbg ;S5 . cfkm"df ljz'4 wd{k|lt cuf9 >4f

gx'Fbf dflg;x¿ o;/L ;f]+Rg k'Ub5g\ . ;4d{k|lt ToxL >4f / cbDo pT;fxs} sf/0f d h:tf]

cToGt} eo+s/ kfkL g} eP tfklg sd{kmnsf] lgoddf ulx/f] ljZjf; ePklt ;f+;fl/s nIox¿sf]

;j{yf kl/Tofu u/]/ lqåf/df cljlIfKt eO{ Psfu| efjgf u/]sf] v08df, p;nfO{ af]lw k|fKt ug'{

s'g} s7Lg s'/f] xf]Og . x]t'kmn, sd{ ejrqmsf b'Mv, dg'iohLjgsf] dxTj, d[To'sf] clglZrttf

oL s'/fx¿df efjgf u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kn] cEof;df ;dlk{t ul/lbg" .Æ@)

k/d k"Ho rf}wf}+

bnfO{ nfdfnfO{ ;fIfft\ cjnf]lst]Zj/s} lgdf{0fsfosf ¿kdf dflgG5 / pxfF s?0ffsf] k|ltd"lt{

klg x'g'x'G5 t/ pxfFn] klg ;w} æd Ps ;fwf/0f leIf' l;jfo s]xL xf]OgÆ@!

eGg] ug'{x'G5 . s:tf]

gd|tf . jf:tljs l/Gkf]5]df x'g'kg]{ d'Vo ljz]iftf oxL+ g} xf] .

pk;+xf/ tyf jt{dfgdf g]kfnLx¿sf nflu l/Gkf]5]Ho"x¿sf] wd{b]zgfsf] cfjZostf

dflysf] JofVofaf6 l/Gkf]5] x'g s'g} ;fws 6'Ns' cyf{t lgdf{0fsfo x'g}k5{ eGg] s'/f :ki6 eof] .

af]lw;Tjsf ¿kdf w]/} k'0o;+ef/ / 1fg;+ef/ u/]/ pxfFx¿n] sd{ / Sn]znfO{ R5]bg u/L

sd{jlztf k|fKt ug'{ePsf] x'G5 h;n] ubf{ o; ;+;f/df hGd lng gk/]tfklg lqwft'sf ;f/f

@) ང་གང་གི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཡིན་ང་རང་ལ་ཡང་ཆ་མེད ། ངན་སོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཡིན་རུང ། ཁྱེད་རང་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་སོགས་གང་དུ་མཐོང་བ་དེའི་བྱིན་རླབས་འཇུག་པས་ོསས་ུསས་གྱིས ། …….. -ªf 3fª\ l3 6'n\ kf log\ ªf /fª\ n ofª\ 5f Do] . ª]g\ ;f]ª\ ;'d\ lUo 6'n\ kf log\ ?ª\ . Vo] /fª\ gfd\ lSo bf]/\ h]

5fª\ ;f]u\ 3fª\ w' yf]ª\ jf w]O lemg\ nfa\ h'u\ k] df]P £o' lUo . =========== ._ x]g'{xf]; M ཙང་སྨྱོན་ཧེ་རུ་ཀ་རུས་པའི་རྒྱན་ཅན -rfª

Gof]g\ x] ? sf ? k] Uo]g\ r]g\_, རྣལ་འཔྱོར་གྱི་དཔང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་རྗེ་པཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པའི་རྣམ་ཐར ། ཐར་པ་དང་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་ཞེས་པ་བ -gn Hof]/

lUo jfª\ 5Ø'u\ 5]g\ kf] h] r'g\ ld nf /] k] gfd yf/ . yf/ kf wfª\ yfd\ Ro] Vo]g\ k] nfd\ tf]g\ Zo] ‰of jf,

-sf7df8f} M >L uf}td a'4 ljxf/, @))^_, k[= !(&–!(* . ;f] u|Gysf] g]kfnL cg'jfbsf nflu x]g'{xf];\ M dLg

axfb'/ zfSo tyf ldng zfSo -c=_, ldnf/]kfsf] hLjgL, -nlntk'/ M gfuf{h'g af}4 cWoog ;+:yfg, @))*_, k[=

@)%–@)^ @!

k/d kfjg !$ cf}+ bnfO nfdf, lk|mbd Og\ PShfOn M lb c6f]afof]u|fkmL of b bnfO{ nfdf ckm lta]6 -

lgjf{;gdf :jtGqtf M ltAatsf bnfO{ nfdfsf] cfTdsyf_ -n08g M cafs;, !((^_, k[= ix

-10_

;Tjx¿nfO{ p4f/ ug]{ pxfFx¿sf] s7f]/ ;+sNk cyf{t af]lwlrQsf sf/0f af/+af/ ;+;f/df

cfOg}/xg'x'G5 lgdf{0fsfosf ¿kdf . lgdf{0fsfodf ;a}eGbf pQd lgdf{0fsfo zfSod'lg a'4

x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ;Dos\ ;Da'4 x'g'x'G5 . t/ l/Gkf]5]x¿ klg o;/L g} ;Tjx¿sf] lxt u/]/

cGttf]uTjf ;Dos\ ;Da'4 g} aGg'x'g]5 / xfdLnfO{ ;Dos\ ;Da'4 g} agfpgsf nflu ;b}j pxfFx¿

lqmofzLn x'g'x'G5 . ltAatdf km}lnPsf] a'4wd{ h;nfO{ dxfofg jh|ofg a'4wd{ elgG5 ef/tdf

ljsf; ePsf] dxfofg / l;4k/Dk/faf6} uPsf] xf] / g]kfndf klg ToxL+ k/Dk/f k|;f/0f ePsf]

lyof] . t/ leGgtf t x]g'{xf];\ . ToxfF zf:tf zfSod'lga'4sf] ;4d{nfO{ clwsf+z ltAatLx¿sf] hg

hLjgdf cleGg cËsf] ¿kdf lehfO{ pgLx¿ Ps ;] Ps l;4 af]lw;Tjsf ¿kdf lg:s],

l/Gkf]5]sf] ¿kdf lg:s] / ;Tjx¿nfO{ klg af]lw;Tjsf ¿kdf p4f/ ub}{ /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf klg

klxn] Ps ;] Ps ax'>'t l;4x¿ g} lg:s]sf lyP h:t} kmlk{Ësf] jfuLZj/sLlt{, nlntk'/sf]

lry]/kfb / k08]kfb OToflb . t/ kl5 cfP/ zfSod'lg a'4sf] Tof] c6"6 cEof; k/Dk/f 6'6\g

k'Uof] / oxfF clxn] h'g jh|ofgL af}4 wd{ eg]/ cEof; ul/Fb}5 Tof] t vfnL sd{sf08 dfq eP/

l;ldt x'gk'Uof] . To;}n] oxfF ltAatdf h:t} af]lw;Tj ;fwsx¿ pTkGg x'g ;s]g . ;'Gbfv]/L

cln tLtf] nfu]klg of] s'/f lglj{jfb ;To xf] . g]jf/ af}4wd{ jf dxfofgL jh|ofgL af}4wd{ Psbd

ljz'4 k/Dk/f ePklg To;df cem} w]/} unt a'emfO, e|dx¿ /x]sf] kfOG5 . h'g cEof; k/Dk/f /

bz{g clxn] g]jf/ af}4wd{df cefj eO/fv]sf] 5 Tof] ltAatL a'4wd{df cIf'00f¿kn] sfod} 5 .

Tof] cEof; / bz{g k/Dk/f xfdLn] lgz+sf]r / ljgf k"jf{u|x o;df ufFEg} k5{ . cflv/ ltAatL

eg]klg g]jf/ af}4wd{ eg]klg a'4wd{ t cflv/ a'4wd{ g} xf] . b'O{ k/Dk/fsf] ;lDdng ePkl5

xfd|f] g]jf/ af}4wd{ hLjGt eP/ xfd||} ;d'bfoaf6 klg Ps ;] Ps l/Gkf]5] pTkGg x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

gq clxn]s} cj:yf /x] of] h'g g]jf/ af}4 wd{ eg]/ xfdLn] ue{ ul//x]sf 5f}+ Tof] ;w} x|f;f]Gd'v

cj:yfdf g} /xg]5 . To;sf] nflu xfdLn] ltAatL u'?x¿sxfF uP/ lelq Åbon] >4fjfg\ eP/

a'4wd{sf] lzIff lbIff k|fKt ug}{k5{ . pxfFx¿n] klg lab]zL gful/sx¿nfO{ dfq geP/

g]kfnLx¿nfO{ klg cfˆgf] s?0ff b]vfpg'kb{5 . xfdL g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ;xL dxfofgL a'4 lzIff /

cEof;sf] vfFrf] k/]sf] 5 h'g l/Gkf]5] u'?x¿af6 xfdLn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . xfn cfP/ ltAatL

u'?x¿af6 a'4wd{sf] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ u/fpg] ;fg} ePklg kxn t ePsf] 5 . t/ xfdL vfln u'?

bz{g ug{ / k"hf ul/lbg dfq u'Dafx¿df hfG5f}+ t/ lelq Åbob]lv pxfFx¿af6 a'4sf] cd"No

lzIff ;'Gg] hfFu/ xfdLdf klg cem} cfPsf] 5}g . u'?sf] wd{b]zgfdf efu lngsf nflu s;}n]

cg'/f]w u¥of] eg] xfdLn] xhf/f}+ axfgf u/]/ 6fN5f}+, ædnfO{ o;kfln km';{b} 5}g, ToxL a]nf d]/f] of]

sfo{qmd 5, Tof] sfo{qmd 5 OToflb .Æ ;fyLefO;+u ldn]/ ef]h e6]/ ug{sf nflu, grflxFbf ukm

ug{sf nflu xfdL;+u k|z:t ;do 5 . sxfF sxfF 3'Dg hfg xfdL;+u km';{b} km';{b 5 . pxfF

af]lw;Tjsf] lgdf{0fsfo l/Gkf]5]af6 wd{k|jrg ;'Gg xfdL;+u ;do 5}g Tof] klg jif{df Psrf]l6

x'g] wd{k|jrg sfo{qmddf efu lng ;d]t xfdL;+u km';{b 5}g . slxn] km';{b x'G5 t xfdL;+u <

slxn]klg x'Fb}g < ha;Dd d[To' g} cfOk'Ub}g ta ;Dd xfdL;+u o:tf] wd{ k|jrg ;'Gg] km';{b} x'Gg .

To;}n] t ;4d{nfO{ ;'g]/ cEof; ug{ If0f;Dkbsf] b'n{e dg'io z/L/ rflxG5 eg]sf] xf] . If0fnfO{

-11_

cu|]hLdf leisure cyf{t km';{b eg]/ cg'jfb u/]sf] kfOG5 . Tof] km';{b ePg eg] If0f ePg cIf0f

x'ghfG5 . ;4d{df cle?rL gx'g]x¿sf] dg'io z/L/ t xf] t/ If0f;Dkbn] o'Qm b'n{e dg'io z/L/

xf]Og . To;}n] xfd|f]tkm{af6 klg q'l6 ePs} xf] . csf]{ Ps b'O{j6f u'Daf 5f]8]/ w]/}h;f] u'Dafx¿ jf

wfld{s s]Gb|x¿df eO/xg] wd{k|jrg, cWoog, cEof;df vfln ljb]zLx¿sf] dfq ;xefuLtf

/x]sf] kfOG5 . tL sfo{qmdx¿df k|zf;s klg pgLx¿ g} x'g] ub{5g\ . tL sfo{qmdx¿sf nflu

p7fOg] rsf]{ z'Ns g]kfnL ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'FreGbf aflx/ /x]sf] 5 . clxn] sf7df8f} af}4l:yt

u'Dafx¿ h:t} ;]tf] u'Daf / d+unåLk :s'ndf x'g] u/]sf k|jrg tyf uf]i7L sfo{qmddf clnslt

g]kfnLx¿sf] ;xefuLtf b]lvPsf] 5 . cGo k|Voft u'Dafx¿ h:t} skg u'Daf, zfSo cfO la P

sf sfo{qmddf jf lzIffk|0ffnL g]kfnLx¿ pkf;s pkfl;sfx¿sf] kx'Fr / pkl:ylt 5b}5}g eGbf

klg x'G5 . tL ;a}df lab]zLx¿ dfq 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] af}4 lzIff / sfo{qmd g]kfnLx¿sf 9f8}

;Sg] u/L dx+uf 5g\ . ctM g]kfnLx¿sf nflu klg ljb]zLx¿nfO{ h:t} sfo{qmd Nofpg, ;j{;'ne

9Ën] af}4 lzIff k|0ffnL -བཤད་གྲྭ z]8«f_ ljsfz ug{sf nflu d l/Gkf]5] u'?x¿nfO{ xflb{s / ljgd|

ljlGt r9fpF5' . clg dfq g]kfnL pkf;s pkfl;sfx¿ klg ljb]zLx¿n] h:t} ;j{;'ne¿kdf

ljleGg af}4 lzIffsf sf]z{ lng / wdf{Eof; ug{df klg ;Ifd x'g]5g\ . o;/L o; slno'udf klg

af]lw;Tjsf ¿kdf cfP/ ;Tjx¿nfO{ p4f/ ul//xg'ePsf k/dk'Ho l/Gkf]5] u'?x¿af6 xfdL

g]kfnLx¿n] klg a'4wd{sf] c6'6 k/Dk/fåf/f k|jflxt ePsf] pkb]z u|x0f u/]/ cEof; ug{ kfP

xfd|f] b'n{e dg'io hLjg ;kmn x'g]lyof], g]kfn ue{sf ;fy ;fFlRrs} Jojxf/df klg zfSod'lg

a'4sf] hGdynf] eGg ;lsg] lyof] .

ejt' ;j{ d+und\

;Gbe{ u|Gyx¿ ;+:s[t u|Gyx¿

!= lqkf7L, /fdzÍ/ -;+_ – k|1fkf/ldtf]kb]zzf:q] cfrfo{xl/eb|lj/lrtf cle;dofn+sf/j[lQM :km'6fyf{,

;f/gfy M s]Gb|Lo ltAatL pRr lzIff ;+:yfgd\, !(@!

@= j}B, lk= Pn= -;+_ – zflGtb]jlj/lrtM af]lwrof{jtf/M . k|1fs/dltlj/lrtof kl~hsfVoJofVoof

;+jlntM, b/e+uf M ldlynfljBfkL7, !(^)

#= j}B, lk= Pn=– c;Ëlj/lrtM dxfofg;"qfnÍf/, b/e+uf M ldlynfljBfkL7, !(&)

$= glngfIf bQ -;+=_ – af]lw;™je"ld, k6gf M sfzLk|;fb hfo;jfn cg'zLng;+:yfg\, !(&*

%= j}B, lk= Pn=– u08Jo"x;"qd\, b/e+uf M ldlynfljBfkL7, !(^)

^= j}B, lk= Pn=– zflGtb]jlj/lrtM lzIff–;d'RroM, b/e+ufM ldlynf ljBfkL7, !(@!

&= j}B, lk= Pn= – ;4d{k'08/Ls;"qd\, b/e+ufM ldlynf ljBfkL7, !(^)

-12_

ltAatL u|Gyx¿

1. ༄༅།། ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པའི་རྒྱན་ཀྱི་འགྲེལ་པ་དོན་གསལ་བཞུགས་སོ །། -z]/fj\ lSo kmf

/f]n\ 6' l5\og\ k] d] ªf l3 t]g\ Rof]P ªog\ kf/\ tf]u\ k] Uo]g\ lSo 8]n kf 8Øg\ ;n Zo'u\ ;f]_

2. ༄༅།། དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་གྱི་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན །། -wfd\ 5Øf]P lo lZog\ gf]/\ a' yf/\ kf l/g\ kf] 5]O Uo]g\_

3. ༄༅།། འཕགས་པ་དགོངས་པ་ངེས་པར་འགྲེལ་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ །། -kmfu\ kf uf]ª\ kf ª\o] kf/\ 8«]n kf Zo] ‰of

kf y]u\ kf 5]g\ kf]lx 8f]_

4. ༄༅།། མདོ་གསེར་འོད་དམ་པ -bf] ;]/ xf]P wfd\ kf cyf{t\ ;'j0f{ k|ef; ;"q_

5. ཙང་སྨྱོན་ཧེ་རུ་ཀ་རུས་པའི་རྒྱན་ཅན -rfª Gof]g\ x] ? sf ? k] Uo]g\ r]g\_, ༄༅།། རྣལ་འཔྱོར་གྱི་དཔང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་རྗེ་པཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་ པའི་རྣམ་ཐར ། ཐར་པ་དང་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་ལམ་སྟོན་ཞེས་པ་བ -gn Hof]/ lUo jfª\ 5Ø'u\ 5]g\ kf] h] r'g\ ld nf /] k]

gfd yf/ . yf/ kf wfª\ yfd\ Ro] Vo]g\ k] nfd\ tf]g\ Zo] ‰of jf, -sf7df8f} M >L uf}td a'4 ljxf/,

@))^_

c+u|]hL u|Gyx¿ M

1. Müllin, H. Glenn – The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation, New Delhi: Jaico

Publishing House, 2000.

2. Das, Sharad Chandra – A Tibetan-English Dictionary with Sanskrit Synonyms, New Delhi: Motilal

Banarsidass, 1976

3. Ray, Reginald – Secret of the Vajra World: The Tantric Buddhism of Tibet, Boston: Shambhala

Publication Inc., 2002.

4. Coleman, Graham – A Handbook of Tibetan Culture: A Guide to Tibetan Centers and Resources

Throughout the World, New Delhi: Rupa & Co., 1995

5. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama of Tibet,

London: Abacus, 1996

6. Gyaltsen, Könchog – The Jewel Ornament of Liberation, New York : Snowlion Publications, 1998

g]kfnL u|Gyx¿ M

!= dLg axfb'/ zfSo tyf ldng zfSo -c=_, ldnf/]kfsf] hLjgL, -nlntk'/ M gfuf{h'g af}4 cWoog

;+:yfg, @))*_

@= ldng zfSo -c=_, ;4d{lrGtfdl0fdf]If/Tgfn+sf/, -nlntk'/ M gfuf{h'g af}4 cWoog ;+:yfg, @))*_