Project 1: 3 MW Power Grid Connected Floating Type Solar ...

Initial Environmental Examination

Prepared by Project Management Unit of Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor for the Asian Development Bank.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

June 2022

India : Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program - Project 1 Package: 3 MW power grid connected floating type solar PV power project on Meghadrigedda Reservoir Part 1 of 5 : Main Report (Pages 1 – 62) and Appendices 1 - 8

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Document Stage: Final ProjectNumber:48434003 Grant Number: 0495-IND November 2021

IND: Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program - Project 1 (3 MW power grid connected floating type solar PV power project on Meghadrigedda Reservoir in Vishakhapatnam under UCCRFT Grant)

Prepared by Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation, Government of Andhra Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank. This final initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

SFG Log: 4971


Document Stage: Final Grant Number: 0495-IND November 2021

IND: 3 MW power grid connected floating type solar PV power project on Meghadrigedda Reservoir in Vishakhapatnam under UCCRFT Grant - VCICDP

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 01March2018)

Currency Unit – Indian Rupees (INR)

INR1.00 = $0.0153 $1.00 = INR65.00

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – Affected Persons ASI – Archeological Survey of India CAPP – Community Awareness and Public Participation CFE – Consent for Establishment CFO – Consent for Operation GVMC – Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation DoF – Department of Forest DoL – Department of Labour EA – Executing Agency EAC – Expert Appraisal Committee EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EC – Environmental Clearance EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IA – Implementing Agency IEE – Initial Environmental Examination LARRA – Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority MFF – Multi-tranche Financing Facility MoEFCC – Ministry of Environment and Forest, Climate Change NGO – Non-Governmental Organization NGT – National Green Tribunal GVMC – Program Implementation Unit PMC – Project Management Consultancy PMU – Program Management Unit PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance RF – Resettlement Framework ROW – Right of Way SO – Safeguards Officer SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement TOR – Terms of Reference UGR – Underground Service Reservoir WTP – Water Treatment Plant

NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Indiaand its agencies ends on 31 March. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

CONTENTS

Page No.

I. Executive Summary 1

II. INTRODUCTION 1

III. description of the project 4

IV. Policy, legal & administrative framework 13

V. description of environment 17

VI. Anticipated environmental impacts & mitigation measures 22

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 28

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 32

IX. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT & Responsibilities 35

X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 36

XI. FIELD BASED ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE 62

XII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 64

APPENDIXES

Appendix-1 a: MoM of consultation with fishermen for the work conducted on 7th September 2018

Appendix 1b: REA Check list Appendix 2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Appendix 3: Vehicle Exhaust Emission Norms Appendix 4: National Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise Appendix 5: Public Consultation Appendix 6: Salient Features of Major Labor Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in

Construction of BOD Works Appendix 7: IBAT Study for Meghadrigedda Reservoir. Appendix 8: Bathymetric study for Meghadrigedda Reservoir. Appendix 9: Andhra Pradesh Solar Policy 2015 Appendix 10: Gazette Notification; Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh Appendix 11: Government Order on Grievance Redress Mechanism Appendix 12: South Asia Regional department safeguards information log for SAUW projects Appendix 13: Site due diligence visit photographs (Environment management & safeguards) October 2021 Appendix 14: Health and Safety Plan VCICDP Project

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. The UCCRFT Grant of USD $5 million has been provided under the Vishakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program (VCICDP) to support the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) for climate resilient and clean energy infrastructure development, and policy and institutional reforms to stimulate economic growth and employment generation. 2. VCICDP will help boost manufacturing sector growth along the Visakhapatnam-Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC), which runs over 800 km from north to south covering almost the entire coastline of the state of Andhra Pradesh covering a population of 49.4 million and an area of 160,205 km2. The VCIC is part of the East Coast Economic Corridor, which is India’s first coastal economic corridor, and is poised to play a critical role in driving India’s new “Act East Policy” and “Make in India” initiatives. The “Act East Policy” is a proactive initiative focused on, among others, increasing the integration of the Indian economy with the dynamic global production networks of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. VCICDP will complement the ongoing efforts of the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) to enhance manufacturing sector growth and create high quality jobs in the state of Andhra Pradesh. 3. Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) is a Local Body under the Ministry of Administration and Urban Development (MA&UD), Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) with the responsibility of providing basic civic services like roads, water supply & sewerage, health & sanitation and storm water disposal for the Vishakhapatnam city. This is the biggest city in the state of Andhra Pradesh and GVMC has jurisdiction over an area of 534 Sq.Km. with a population1 of 17,30,320. 4. GVMC has taken initiatives to promote climate resilient measures and actions for climate change reduction in various activities of urban management in the city of Visakhapatnam. 5. The Subproject. The main objective of this subproject is to design, erect, commission and operate a grid connected 3 MWp floating type solar power project on Mehadrigedda reservoir in Vishakhapatnam. The proposed project brings in advantages of producing clean, pollution free energy, demonstrate use of reservoir area for solar power generation and provide employment to the people living around the area. 6. Screening and assessment of potential impacts. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. The proposed subproject is a clean energy project. As per the GoI EIA Notification, 2006, this subproject does not require EIA study or environmental clearance. The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist2 for power plants. The potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction and operation. 7. Categorization. Based on results of the assessment and ADB SPS, the subproject is classified as environmental Category B, i.e., the subproject is judged to be unlikely to have significant adverse environmental impacts. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an environmental impact assessment are likely.

1As per Census Year 2011 2Appendix - I

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8. This IEE aims to (i) provide critical facts, significant findings, and recommended actions; (ii) present the national and local legal and institutional framework within which the environmental assessment has been carried out; (iii) provide information on existing geographic, ecological, social and temporal context including associated facilities within the subproject’s area of influence; (iv) assess the subproject’s likely positive and negative direct and indirect impacts to physical, biological, socioeconomic, and physical cultural resources in the subproject’s area of influence; (v) identify mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated; (vi) describe the process undertaken during project design to engage stakeholders and the planned information disclosure measures and the process for carrying out consultation with affected people and facilitating their participation during project implementation; (vii) describe the subproject’s grievance redress mechanism for resolving complaints about environmental performance; (viii) present the set of mitigation measures to be undertaken to avoid, reduce, mitigate, or compensate for adverse environmental impacts; (ix) to describe the monitoring measures and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures; and (x) identify indicative costs and who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures. This IEE has been updated based on detail design. The project components of switchyard (including transformer 800 Volt/33 KV) have been incorporated and additional impacts, if any, have been assessed in this report. Field based environmental due diligence was carried out to assess residual impacts and corrective actions, if required, due to the implementation of works. 9. Description of the Environment. Provision of power supply, a major infrastructure component, plays a vital role in maintaining urban infrastructure facilities and generation of clean power will facilitate action towards combating greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. GVMC has therefore proposed to take up a clean power supply project for Vishakhapatnam to propel Industrial growth. GVMC has proposed to develop a project for developing clean power using water reservoir surface for floating PV cells in one of the reservoirs in the Vizag district. Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC), also Vizag–Chennai Industrial Corridor, is a key part of the East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC), India's first coastal corridor. VCIC is aligned with the Golden Quadrilateral and is poised to play a critical role in driving India’s Act East Policy and Make in India campaign. The nearly 800-kilometer corridor links India with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and East Asian economies that form the bedrock of global manufacturing economy. The corridor traverses nine districts of the state of Andhra Pradesh. VCIC intends to complement the ongoing efforts of the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) to enhance industrial growth and create high quality jobs. Industrial nodes are an integral component of economic corridor development. When equipped with comprehensive infrastructure support and a business-friendly environment, nodes can serve as hubs geared to cradle industries. Through a node selection process, four industrial nodes were identified: 1. Visakhapatnam Node 2. Kakinada Node 3. Amaravati Node, and 4. Yerpedu - Srikalahasti Node

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10.The proposed subproject is pertaining to developing and providing clean power to the grid and augmenting power supply in the industrial clusters falling under Vishakhapatnam node.3

Figure 1: Google Earth Map showing the old and revised switch yard site at MeghadriGedda

11. Potential environmental impacts. The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts because: (i) the components will involve straightforward installation and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized; (ii) there are no significant sensitive environmental features in the project sites and (iii) predicted impacts are site-specific and likely to be associated with the installation process and are temporary in nature. The process will involve short term storage, construction and installation activities and involve minor excavation and earth movements. 12. Environmental impacts as being due to the project design or location are not significant. The proposed solar power plant will be on a small area of the existing reservoir and will not impact any aquatic life or nearby biodiversity. 13. Potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, but no permanent environmental impacts were identified as being due to either the subproject design or location. Mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. As it is proposed as a turnkey project under the design-build and operate mode, these will be further discussed with specialists responsible for the engineering aspects and additional measures as required will be included in the designs for the infrastructure. This would ensure that that the number of impacts and their significance will be further reduced by amending the design. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise

3Source Google Maps

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from the construction dust and noise; in areas close to existing community settlements from the traffic and from the need to import of construction material. Impacts due to dust from construction activities are expected to be localized and temporary. Appropriate measures are suggested. 14. Environmental Management Plan. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Locations and siting of the proposed subproject will not require any additional land as the PV panels will be placed on the water surface of the reservoir. The transmission line will be connecting to a nearby substation and transmission tower (s) will be laid along the RoW Alongside main/access roads. 15. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between PMU, PMSC and the contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. The EMP includes design and location related measures such as (i) area and placement details of the PV cells (ii) measures to avoid reservoir water contamination from erection and commissioning of solar power cells, (iv) fine tuning transmission line alignments based on the location of the PV cells and connectivity to the nearest substation. During construction, the EMP includes mitigation measures such as (i) (vi) use of barricading, dust screens, dust-suppression methods such as watering and/or covering of stockpiles to control dust (ii) implementation of traffic management plan in coordination with local traffic police to minimize traffic impacts; (iii) awareness campaigns and consultations to inform residents and businesses of potential disturbances; (iv) provision of walkways and planks over trenches to ensure access will not be impeded; (v) use of noise-dampening measures in areas with sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, places of worships and other silence-zones; and (vi) finding beneficial use of excavated materials to extent possible to reduce the quantity that will be disposed-off. 16. The contractor will be required to submit to, for review and approval, site environmental plan (SEP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following of the EMP to ensure no significant environmental impacts; (iii) monitoring program as per SEP; and (iv) budget for SEP implementation. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEP. 17. A copy of the EMP/approved SEP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP has been made binding on all contractors operating on the site and included in the bid and contract documents. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance. 18. Consultation, disclosure and grievance redress mechanism. The stakeholders were involved in developing the IEE through focused group discussions on-site at several places in the subproject area, after which views expressed were incorporated into the IEE and in the planning and development of the project. The IEE will be made available at public locations and will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and GVMC websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and

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implementation. A grievance redress mechanism is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly. 19. Implementation Arrangements. DOI is the executing agency (EA). A PMU is established within the Directorate of Industries, which is under the DOI, for planning, implementation, monitoring and supervision, and coordination with GVMC. GVMC will be responsible for implementing the subproject and the PMSC will provide support in implementation of subproject under VCICDP. 20. GVMC will appoint competent company to execute the turnkey project under the DBO contract. GoAP has prior experience4 as it is already implementing a 2MWp floating solar power project in Visakhapatnam under a different government program. agencies as per the normal contracting procedures construction contractors to build infrastructure. Once the infrastructure is built and commissioned, the GVMC will operate and maintain the infrastructure. At state-level a Project Steering Committee (PSC) will be established to provide overall policy direction for the implementation of VCICDP. 21. Monitoring and Reporting. The PMU, GVMC and PMC will be responsible for monitoring. The PMSC along with GVMC will submit semi-annual monitoring reports to PMU, which will review and submit to ADB. ADB will post the environmental monitoring reports on its website. 22. Conclusions and Recommendations. Therefore, as per ADB SPS, the project is classified as environmental category B and does not require further environmental impact assessment. This IEE shall be updated during the detailed design stage by the PMSC to reflect any changes, amendments and will be reviewed and approved by ADB.

4RFP for 2MWp solar power project is attached as Appendix - 5

II. INTRODUCTION

A. Project Background& Context

23. India is blessed with abundant sunshine and solar power is expected to play acritical role in meeting the energy needs of the country in the long run. Solar power projects can be setup in a much shorter timeframe when compared to conventional power projects and the cost of solar power has become more economical today. Solar power can also help meet energy requirements for both grid connected as well as off-grid applications such as solar powered agricultural pump-sets. Considering the energy security concern and commitment for a ‘Low Carbon Growth Strategy’, the 12thFive Year plan has provisions to ensure sustainable development of the power sector. In their efforts to reduce GHG emissions, Government is emphasizing the development of nuclear power, hydro power as well as power from renewable sources. Renewable energy solves the sustainability problem associated with conventional fuels used for power generation as these sources are non-exhaustible, free and relatively clean, hence more sustainable. In theory, these sources will be able to guarantee secure energy supplies for generations to come. 24. Development of RE resources is being accorded special emphasis in view of not just its inherent advantages of cleaner power production but also the social benefit of providing energy access and energy security to remote areas. The drivers identified herein for development of renewable energy in India are – (i) Country’s interest in energy security; (ii) High potential of wind and solar energy in India; (iii) Emissions reduction by shifting from polluting sources like oil and coal; (iv) Country’s interest towards clean energy options. 25. The renewable energy installed capacity in India is growing steadily. In March 2012, RE installed capacity stood at 24,914.24 MW which was 10.5% of the power mix in the country (source: central statistical office 2013). Within 15 months the RE capacity in the country has expanded by 15%, as on June 2013 this was 28708.9 MW (Source: MNRE Website4). The Eleventh Five Year Plan realized the significant role of new and renewable energy to enhance the domestic supply options as well as the need to diversify energy sources. The wind power potential for India has been calculated by Center for Wind Energy Technology (CWET) to be 102,788 MW and 49,130 MW at 80m and 50m hub height (CWET, 2005). India has vast potential for solar power generation since about 58% of the total land area receives annual average global insolation above 5kWh/sq.m./day. The total installed capacity of grid-interactive renewable energy in India as on March 2013 was 28,068 MW and off-grid power capacity was 882.5 MW. Of this, 68.9% comes from Wind, while Solar PV contributed nearly 4.59% of the Renewable Energy in the country (MNRE, 2013). The total installed capacity for electricity generation in the country as on Mar 2012 was 2,36,387 MW 4 http://mnre.gov.in/mission-and-vision-2/achievements/ Small Hydro Power ( 3686.25 MW) 13% Solar Power (SPV) (1759.55MW) 6% Biomass Power (1264.8 MW) 5% Waste to Energy (96.08 MW) 0% Wind Power (19564.95 MW)

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26. Andhra Pradesh is poised for rapid industrial growth driven by infrastructure investments and has also been selected by Ministry of Power as one of the pilot states for implementation of the 24X7 – Power for All (PFA) scheme. Solar energy can become an important source in meeting the growing power requirements of the State. AP has large agriculture consumption constituting around 24% of the total energy consumption of the State. Solar power can also help shift the agriculture load and meet the power demand during the day time. 27. The GoAP is keen to tap the immense solar potential and promote this clean source of energy to meet the rising energy requirements of the State. The following factors make Andhra Pradesh an ideal location for setting up Solar Power Projects: • Availability of about 300 sunny days in a year with solar insolation of more than 5 kWh/m²/day. • Amongst the best performing power distributing companies in India (APEPDCL and APSPDCL). • An efficient and strong evacuation infrastructure that can facilitate distributed generation. 28. The 3MWp floating solar power subproject under the UCCRFT Grant and Vishakhapatnam Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program (VCIC-DP) aims to generate and provide clean power to the grid and improve the level, quality and sustainability of power supply for the city of Vishakhapatnam contributing to improved quality of life among the urban poor. The subproject will be implemented over a period of one year beginning in 2018 and will be funded under the UCCRFT Grant of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). 29. ADB classified the Project as environment Category B and accordingly initial environmental examination (IEE) is required for all subprojects. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been prepared and assesses the environmental impacts and provides mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure no significant impacts as a result of the project. 30. The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist for Solar Power (Appendix 1). Then potential negative impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction and operation of the improved infrastructure, and results of the assessment show that the subproject is unlikely to

Small Hydro Power ( 3686.25 MW) 13%

Solar Power (SPV ) (1759.55MW) 6 %

Biomass Power (1264.8 MW) 5%

Waste to Energy (96.08 MW) 0%

Wind Power (19564.95 MW)

68 %

Bagasse Cogeneration

(2337.43 MW) 8% )

Sourcewise Installed Capacity of Grid Interactive RE in India as on June - 2013

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cause significant adverse impacts. Thus, this initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared in accordance with ADB SPS’s requirements for environment category B projects. 31. The initial IEE report was conducted mainly based on field reconnaissance surveys and secondary sources of information. No field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted however, the environmental monitoring program developed as part of the environmental management plan (EMP) will require the contractors to establish the baseline environmental conditions prior to commencement of BOD works. The results will be reported as part of the environmental monitoring report and will be the basis to ensure no degradation will happen during subproject implementation. Discussions with the GoAP agencies, neighboring residents and other shops / offices in the area were conducted. Findings of detailed stakeholder consultations will be included in the updated IEE. 32. Implementation work commenced in in 2018 and works are currently in progress. 33. The initial IEE report was based on the preliminary information and as the project will be DBO turnkey contract, certain details may change as the design and development of the subproject progresses. This IEE has been updated based on detail design. The project components of switchyard have been incorporated and additional impacts, if any, have been assessed in this report. Field based environmental due diligence was carried out to assess residual impacts and corrective actions, if required, due to the implementation of works. 34. This Report contains the following sections:

(i) Executive summary; (ii) Introduction (iii) Description of the project (iv) Policy, legal and administrative framework (v) Description of the environment; (vi) Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (vii) Public consultation and information disclosure; (viii) Grievance redress mechanism; (ix) Environmental management plan, and, (x) Field based Environmental Due Diligence (xi) Conclusion and recommendation.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Area and Existing Scenario

35. Subproject Site at Meghadrigedda Reservoir, Vishakhapatnam India is located at Latitude/Longitude 17o 45' 59" North, 83o 11' 0" East. The Meghadrigedda Reservoir project was constructed across the river Naravagedda and Meghadrigedda at Kamarapalem village in visakhapatnam District in the year 1977. The catchment area is about 368 sq.kms, which includes the reservoir. The reservolr was commissioned in the year 1979 with a storage capacity of 29.31 M.cum and later, during the year 1989, the water withdrawal capacity of the reservoir was increased to 10.00 million gallons per day (source: zilla prajaparishad), with the reservoir capacity increased to 33.1024 M.cum @ F.R.L + 18.60 m. The maximum length of the reservoir is 2950 m and the maximum breadth is around 1700 m. with a total area of approx.s.5015 sq km. Meghadrigedda is a typical shallow reservoir covering a large area.

Fig 2: Pictures of Meghadigedda Reservoir taken during REA study conducted in February 2018

Google Earth diagram with survey lines are provided in the Bathymetric Survey conducted for the reservoir.

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B. Proposed Sub-Project

36. The main objective of this subproject is to design, erect, commission and operate a grid connected 3 MW floating type solar power project on Meghadri Gedda reservoir in Vishakhapatnam. The proposed project brings in advantages of producing clean, pollution free energy, demonstrate use of reservoir area for solar power generation and provide employment to the people living around the area. 37. It is proposed to install and commission a 3MWp floating solar power plant at the Meghadrigedda Reservoir in Viskhapatnam, India. Floating solar arrays have been in use for a little over a decade. They have several advantages; they don’t take up any valuable space on land, and the cooling effect of the water on which the panels float makes them more efficient. They can also help to mitigate the evaporation of water for drinking or irrigation by intercepting sunlight before it hits a reservoir’s surface. Floating solar plants have higher efficiency compared to ground-mounted installations due to the moderating effect of water bodies on panel temperature. Total capacity of Solar PV power plant to be installed is 3000 kWp. The total 3000 kWp shall be distributed on the available water reservoir. Solar panels and array junction boxes will be installed on shade free areas while the PCU and distribution boards, etc. will be housed inside an appropriate canopy. For string inverters, option of indoor vs outdoor installation will be finalized during design stage. 38. Array structure of PV yard and all electrical equipment’s such as PCU, inverters, etc. will be grounded properly and enclosed in appropriate housing that are rated IP 65/66 and in accordance with the requirements of IS:3043-1987. PV modules will be connected in series up to the maximum allowed operating voltage of the PV modules and the PV inverter whichever is lower. The reverse current of blocking diodes (connected in series), if required/provided, will be rated for 2 X VOC STC of the PV string. Reverse blocking diode would not be required if inverter has reverse polarity protection feature. 39. All cables that are submerged or in contact with water should be water resistant and waterproof. Proper sealing arrangements at the points of cables entering the enclosures would be incorporated. Although not mandatory, manufacturers are however encouraged that the cables entering into the enclosures be sealed with modular EPDM based cable sealing and protection system based on multi- diameter technology. Access to the Floating Solar PV Power Plant shall be through a walkway. 40. The DC output from the modules shall be fed to array junction box and the strings are paralleled at sub-Main & Main junction boxes. Then PCU shall convert DC energy produced by the solar array to AC energy. The AC power output of the inverter shall be fed to the AC distribution board (metering panel & isolation panel), which also houses the energy meter. The system shall automatically wake-up in the morning and supply power, provided there is sufficient solar energy, and the grid voltage and frequency are in range. When the grid voltage and/or frequency go out of pre-set range, the inverter shall be immediately disconnected from the grid. The inverter will reconnect after a pre-determined time when the grid is back in the range (which should not be more than 5 minutes).

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41. For safety reasons, PV inverter system will be disconnected from the network following a fault or loss of supply on the power network. The performance and generation data shall be recorded using a data logger. 42. SPV module will be highly reliable, light weight and shall have a service life of more than 25 years. SPV modules shall have a limited power loss of not more than 10% of nominal output at the end of 10 years and of not more than 20% of nominal output at the end of 25 years. 43. The floatation device will be prefabricated and designed for simple mechanical on-site installation. There shall be no requirement of welding, masonry or complex machinery at the installation site. The floatation device will be modular, such that the installed assembly can be easily expanded and scaled up if required. Each module/combination of maximum two modules should support at least one solar panel. All modules should be standardized and independently created. 44.The design of the flotation device will incorporate appropriately sized walking platforms for regular maintenance and inspection. The walking platform will have a continuous uninterrupted surface with the minimum width of at least 400 mm. The buoyancy, on an average, of the floatation device should be greater than 75 kg/m2 of area covered by the flotation device. In order to increase longevity of the flotation device and reduce the maintenance requirements the thickness will not be less than of 3 mm and the flotation device should be foam filled with rigid closed-cell cellular polystyrene with moisture retention of less than 5%. The flotation device will be re-processable and recyclable at the end of its useful life. 45. Subproject components proposed under the 3MWp grid connected floating type Solar PV Power Project include (i) installation of solar panels floating on the reservoir, (ii) feeder line to 33kV Narawa substation and (iii) floating walkway for access to solar unit.

Table 1: Summary of Proposed Subproject Components (as per detailed design) Sl. No

Subproject Components Location Component Description/Scope as

per detailed design 1 Installation of

solar panels Floating on the south west part of the Meghadri Gedda Reservoir

No Changes in scope. Solar panels made from mono/poly crystalline silicon solar cell connected in series will be installed. One kW panel will be of about 10sq.m in size and hence for 3MW, the panel area will be 30000sq.m and with space between panels and connectors, the total area will be about 48000sq.m or say 0.048sq.km

2 Feeder line From the floating solar system to the 33kV Narawa substation along the south west bund of the reservoir

No Changes in scope. 2km long 33kV feeder cable will be erected from the solar system along bund to the 33kV Narawa substation

3 Floating walkway From the bund in the south west part of the reservoir to the floating solar panels

No Changes in scope. Floating walkway for access will be erected from the bund to the floating

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Sl. No

Subproject Components Location Component Description/Scope as

per detailed design solar system for maintenance of the system

4 Switch yard including transformer 80 volts/330 KV (as per detailed design)

Location of the switch yard has been shifted 250m towards east from the earlier proposed location

Incorporated as per detailed design. The land identified for the revised location is a government land owned by GVMC which is free from encumbrance. There is no habitation and no cutting of trees involved.

The floatation device will be prefabricated and designed for simple mechanical on-site installation. Hence, there will be no requirement of welding, masonry or complex machinery at the installation site. 46. Anchoring and mooring system: The water level variation and prevailing wind speed are the primary safety considerations, to be taken into account, while designing the plant such that the plant has no impact on the reservoir. The mooring system thus needs to be designed that it not only restricts the lateral movement of the proposed plant but also accommodates the water level variability. In addition, the mooring system should also have minimal impact on the overall ecosystem of the reservoir, specifically on the flora and fauna. 47. Necessary concrete foundation or any other arrangement for holding the lightning conductor in position is to be made after giving due consideration to shadow on PV array, maximum wind speed and maintenance requirement at site in future. The lightning conductor and structures shall be earthed through flats as per applicable Indian Standards with earth pits. Each lightning conductor shall be fitted with individual earth pit as per required Standards including accessories and providing masonry enclosure. 48. Night consumption of the PCU shall be less than 0.2% of the rated power of the inverter. Noise level of the PCU should be less than 65 dBA (nominal) at 1m. DC insulation resistance should be more than 50MΩ. 49. The system description, general/technical requirements, etc. will be given for general guidance in the bid documents. The supplier/manufacturer shall submit the detailed design of the complete solar generating system by using their software to optimize the combination of modules considering the specific location, insolation, nature of load, cable to be routed in standard manner through cable trays & cable marker to be placed for future identification. Armored cable is to be used wherever required.

Fig: 3 –Floating Solar Power Installation in progress at site (site visit photographs on October 2021)

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50. Installation and Commissioning works: BOD works in the subproject mainly include installation of PV modules, junction boxes and cabling and power evacuation to the grid through a distribution line up to the nearest substation (200meters) from the reservoir. Some of the key activities involved will be:

(i) Excavation (ii) Barricading (iii) Temporary material storage (iv) Temporary storage of excavated soil, refilling & disposal of surplus soil (v) Temporary storage yard for construction material (vi) Traffic diversions

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51. Contractor will prepare a standard work instruction for each activity prior to commencement of work and will get it approved by the GVMC engineer / safeguards officer. The work will be carried out during daytime. Only in case of emergency or site conditions night work will be taken up with due permission from the concerned agencies. Proper precautionary measures will also be followed. 52. This report is revised due to change in location of Switch yard. During execution the location of the switch yard has been shifted 250m towards east from the earlier proposed location due to objection from the local residents. The old and revised location of inverter room is attached in the drawing. The land identified for the revised location is a government land owned by GVMC which is free from encumbrance. There is no habitation and no cutting of trees involved. The revenue map is also attached for your reference.

Table 2 - Comparison GVMC Change of site for Switchyard

Items Site I- old Site II - New Area required 40 x 15 meters required by

Contractor 40 x 15 meters required by the Contractor

Land ownership GVMC (Encroached by local farmers-unauthorized farming)

GVMC (Free from encroachment)

Land type Agriculture (commercial crops) Agriculture (commercial crops) Current practice at the land Agriculture (commercial crops) Barren Loss of trees Sarvi (in Telugu) and banana trees No trees Loss of crop Sarvi and banana crop No crop loss Access to the site for construction

Yes Yes

Long term impact due to construction of access

Loss of vegetation; Social issues if land is taken from encroachers

No impacts

Figure 4: Google Earth Map showing the old and revised switch yard site at Meghadri Gedda

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Figure 5: Google Earth Map showing the Proposed Feeder Line Alignment from the Floating Solar Panels to the Narawa SS

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C. Implementation Schedule

53. The subproject tenders may be invited in Quarter I of 2018 and the works are currently in progress.

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IV. POLICY, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB Policy

54. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS, 2009. This states that ADB requires environmental assessment of all ADB investments. 55. Screening and categorization. The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project; the sensitivity, scale, nature, and magnitude of its potential impacts; and the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts, and are assigned to one of the following four categories:

(i) Category A. Projects could have significant adverse environmental impacts. An EIA is required to address significant impacts.

(ii) Category B. Projects could have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree or significance than those in category A. An IEE is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.

(iii) Category C. Projects are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are reviewed.

(iv) Category FI. Projects involve a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system unless all projects will result in insignificant impacts.

56. Environmental management plan. An EMP, which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment, shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the project’s impact and risks. 57. Public disclosure. ADB will post the safeguard documents on its website as well as disclose relevant information in accessible manner in local communities:

(i) for environmental category A projects, draft EIA report at least 120 days before Board consideration;

(ii) final or updated EIA and/or IEE upon receipt; and (iii) environmental monitoring reports submitted by the implementing agency during project

implementation upon receipt. 58. ADB SPS Additional Requirements on Pollution Control, Health & Safety. During the design, construction, and operation of the project the PMU and GVMCs will apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines. These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When Government of India regulations differ from these levels and measures, the PMU and GVMCs will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the

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PMU and GVMCs will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS. B. National Environmental Laws

Applicable Environmental Safeguards Policies and Regulatory Framework I. GoI India Regulatory Framework As per the present regulatory framework, solar power projects do not require any prior environmental clearances either at the Centre or at the State level. The Schedule of EIA notification, 2006 does not include solar power projects and thus are out of the purview of this notification. Further, as per the re-categorization of industries notified in March 2016 by MOEF&CC, Government of India, the solar power projects of all capacities are now placed under white category, which are exempted from all regulatory approvals including seeking consent to establish (CTE) and consent to operate (CTO) from the State Pollution Control Board. The notification of Central Pollution Control Board dated March 2016 as well as notification of Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board dated May 2016 regarding the recategorizing of Industries is given in Annexure 1. The subproject will be on the reservoir water surface and no land is required. NOC (No objection certificate) from the Irrigation department and AP Transmission Company will be undertaken after the detailed design is completed and prior to the start of installation and commissioning. As per the GoAP Solar Power Policy,2015, open access clearance for the whole tenure of the project or 25 years whichever is earlier will be granted as per the APERC Regulations amended from time to time. In absence of any response or intimation from the Nodal Agency to the generator within 21 days, then such application shall be considered to be deemed open access. GVMC has been mandated to develop the solar projects at the reservoir. 58. Applicable environmental regulations. Besides EIA Notification 2006, there are various other acts, rules, policies and regulations currently in force in India that deal with environmental issues that could apply to infrastructure development. The specific regulatory compliance requirements of the subproject are shown in Table 2.

Table 3:Applicable Environmental Regulations S. No Legislation Requirements for the Investment Program A Policies 1. National Environment

Policy, 2006. -Government of India policy at national level, and is a general guidance document - Subproject design shall overall be in line with the Policy principles, the most relevant policy principle for this subproject is the principle of enhancing and conservation of environmental resources and abatement of pollution”. - Designing the pumping and distribution system with optimal energy use, and overall resource conservation through minimizing loss of water and overall load on the system

2 GoAP Solar Power Policy 2015

- open access clearance will be granted for a maximum period of 25 years on application. Application will be made after the detailed design is completed and before the start of installation at site.

B Acts, Rules

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S. No Legislation Requirements for the Investment Program 1. EIA Notification, 2006. - specifies requirements for EIA and environmental clearance (EC)

- Not applicable to the subproject 2. Air (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, amended 1987 and its Rules, 1982.

- Subproject do not include components that attract this Act - Act provisions will be applicable during construction works (emissions from equipment, machinery, vehicles shall confirm to emission norms) (including but not limited to diesel generators and vehicles) Appendix 2& 3 presents the ambient air quality standards and vehicle emission norms

3 EIA Guidance Manual for Building, Construction, Townships & Area Development Projects, Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2010.

- this is manual is applicable to construction projects requiring environmental clearance (EC) - Considering high air pollution, especially dust, in ambient air, the National Green Tribunal has given a ruling in 2015 that all construction projects (irrespective of EC requirement) shall follow the dust control norms - Follow the dust & noise control measures as suggested in the manual

4. Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 amended 1991 and the following rules/notifications:

4a. Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 including amendments.

- compliance with emission and disposal standards during construction.

4d. Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.

- Rule 3 of the Act specifies ambient air quality standards in respect of noise for different areas/zones (Appendix 4) - Compliance with noise standards

4b Municipal Solid Wastes Management Rules, 2016

- Not applicable to the subproject

4c Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016

- Rules to manage construction & to waste resulting from construction, remodeling, repair and demolition of any structure. Rules define construction and demolition waste as waste comprising of building materials, debris resulting from construction, re-modeling, repair and demolition of any BOD structure. - Construction & demolition waste generated from the project construction shall be managed and disposed as per the rules

5. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Acts, 1958, its Rules,1959 and notification, 1992.

- The Act designates areas within 100 m of the protected monument as “prohibited area” and 100-300 m as “regulated area”. -Any construction activity within these areas require prior permission of the National Monuments Authority (NMA). -a protected monument is located just outside the subproject area, and some of the regulated zone is located within the subproject areas; requires permission of NMA for laying pipelines - Not applicable to the subproject

6. Labour laws (Appendix 6 provides labor laws applicable to establishments engaged in construction of BOD works).

Applicable to construction works and some of the provisions are as follows: - Contractors to obtain license from the designated Labour Officer and shall register with Department of Labour if Inter-state migrant workmen are engaged; - Adequate and appropriate amenities and facilities shall be provided to workers including housing, medical aid, traveling expenses to/from home etc. - The employer is required to provide safety measures at construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc.; - Rules stipulates hours of work, night work, welfare, payment of wages, registers and records, facilities to be provided, and safety and health - No child labour shall be employed. - All construction workers be paid not less than the prescribed minimum wage. - Compensation for workers in case of injury by accident shall be provided as per the provisions of the Acts

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S. No Legislation Requirements for the Investment Program - Equal wages for work of equal nature to male and female workers; there shall be no discrimination in terms of gender

7.

Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010

The Rules specify activities which are harmful and prohibited in the wetlands such as industrialization, construction, dumping of untreated waste and effluents, and reclamation. The subproject is not impacting any notified wetlands in the area. Nearest notified site (Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary1) is 23 kms. From the subproject location.

8.

Forest (Conservation)Act,1980 and Forest Conservation Rules, 2003 as amended

As per Rule 6, every user agency, who wants to use any forest land for non-forest purposes shall seek approval of the Central Government. No notified forest land within the subproject area.

C. Administrative Framework, Enforcement & Grievance Redress

59. Environmental Clearance. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, governs and enforces the environmental clearance requirements in India. Clearances are handled at two levels –clearance to Category A projects is issued at central level by MoEFCC, and for Category B projects, clearance process is decentralized at state-level, and clearance is issued by the respective State-level EIA Authorities set up under the EIA Notification, 2006. This subproject does not fall under the ambit of EIA notification therefore this is not applicable. 60. Enforcement of Pollution Control Laws. Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) enforce the pollution control laws and regulations (water pollution, air pollution, solid waste, hazardous waste and biomedical waste management, etc.,) in the state. No consent from APPCB is required for this subproject.

1Kambalakonda Wildlife Sanctuary GOI Notification attached as Appendix 10

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V. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

A. Methodology Used for Baseline Study Data collection and stakeholder consultations. Data for this study has been primarily collected through comprehensive literature survey, discussion with stakeholder agencies, and field visits to the proposed subproject sites.

Physical Resources 61. Topography, drainage, and natural hazards: Visakhapatnam is strategically located midway between Howrah and Chennai, the two of the four-metro polis of the country. The city is rated as the fastest growing city on the East. The industrialization and the accompanying urbanization is responsible for the rapid growth of the city. Visakhapatnam is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, a sprawling industrial city and one of the emerging metropolises. 62. The total area of the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation is 534 sqkm. Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) is a Local Body with the responsibility of providing basic civic services like roads, water supply & sewerage, health & sanitation, storm water disposal etc. GVMC is also responsible for planned growth of the city. This is one of emerging new metropolitan cities and 2nd biggest town in Andhra Pradesh. Total area of G.V.M.C is 534 Sq. Km. The population of GVMC as per 2011 census is 17,30,320

FIGURE 6: HYDROLOGY OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT

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63. Town History : Visakhapatnam, popularly known as Vizag, is a fast-developing port city with a population a land area of 534 square kilometers. Visakhapatnam is Andhra Pradesh’s second largest urban agglomeration in population. On account of rapid industrialization, there has been significant migration into the city. The city was originally a small fishing village but due to its natural harbor it developed into a major port. It has experienced rapid industrialization with the growth of major industries, including steel, petroleum refining and fertilizer. With the formation of “Greater Visakhapatnam” in 2005 the city’s development is set for a quantum leap 64. Visakhapatnam, the District Head Quarters of the District, the revenue Division and the Mandal of the same name is situated on the Madras-Howrah broad gauge line. The name Visakhapatnam is named after “VAISAKHA’ or ‘KARTIKEYA’ the lord of Valour. The city is built along the seashore of the Bay of Bengal and it is bounded and broken by the Bold headland called the ‘Dolphin’s Nose’. This place is also known as Black Mores hill. It is a bustling Industrial and commercial center surrounded by hills, beautiful beaches and lush green nature. The undulating terrain within the city is emphasized by three hills – the Ross Hill housing a Roman Catholic Church, the pathway leading to which is strewn with Catholic icons. The Second hillock Dargakonda has a mosque and the tomb of muslim saint who was revered for his prophecies and the third hill is called Sri Venkateswara Konda with a temple built by Captain Blackmoor in 1886. It has its own importance educationally because it is the seat of Andhra University. The places of interest in the city include the Dolphin’s Nose, Light House with 7 Million Candle power covering 64 Kms., range harbour, BHPV, Hindustan Shipyard, HPCL, Coramondal Fertilizers Factory, KGH, Circuit House on the Hill, a beautiful beach near Ramakrishna Mission and an airport etc. 65. Visakhapatnam is situated on the East Coast of country, mid-way between Howdah and Chennai. The city is rated as the fastest growing city of East Coast due to strategic location with natural seaport, Eastern naval command headquarters, and Rapid industrialization, Andhra University along with its many engineering and medical colleges in addition to many non-professional colleges. 66. Visakhapatnam is the second largest city in Andhra Pradesh, a sprawling industrial city and one of the emerging metropolises. The city in total is having an extent of 534 Sqkm in the limits of Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC). The town was Municipality in 1903 and municipal corporation during 1979 and became Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) through G.O Ms. No.938 (MA&UD) Ele-II, dated 21/11/2005 by merging Gajuwaka Municipality and 32-gram panchayat areas surrounded on three sides of the town. 67. The GVMC is an industrial hub with industries like Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), Hindustan Zinc limited (HZL) , Bharat Heavy Plats Vessels (BHPV), Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone (VSEZ) and APIIC Industrial belt etc., The other major industries like Coromandel Fertilizers Limited, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) and Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL)etc., are situated in the surroundings. The new coming up deep-sea port at Gangavaram is also contributing to growth of town from these areas. Great historic and ancient important temple of “varaha narasimha swamy” and some historic Boudha places are located in or nearer to these areas. 68. This is one of emerging new metropolitan cities and 2nd biggest town in Andhra Pradesh. Total area of G.V.M.C is 534 Sq.Km. The present total population of GVMC is 17,30,320.

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Location & Topography 69. Vizag is located on the east coast of India, in 17o42' North latitude and 82o02' East range of hills. Based on topographical conditions, the city and its environs can be divided into four categories viz., Hilly region, Upland tracks, Rolling plains and Plains. The Kailasa and Yarada are the major hill ranges in the city. The Kailasa hill range stretches from Simhachalam to MVP Colony on the north flank of the city. The city, which appears like a small basin, is surrounded by the Yarada hill popularly known as Dolphin’s nose (358m) on the side of the Kailasgiri hills on the north, with the Bay of Bengal forming the eastern wall. The coastal line runs from north- east to south west over a distance of six kilometres. On the west there is an extensive tidal basin called Upputeru now under reclamation. Beyond Yarada there is a valley followed by another range of hills. Climate and Rainfall Climate 70. According to Thronthwait’s scheme of climatic classification the city area falls under semi-arid type of climate. Climatic setting in brief: @Ambient air temperature: @Absolute maximum 44.4 degrees C - Absolute minimum 12.8 degrees C @Sea surface temperature: Min 20.2 degrees C, Max 32.3 degrees C, Monthly mean relative humidity # Absolute maximum : 100% # Absolute minimum : 4%

Figure 7: Climatic data table of Visakhapatnam Monthly Wind Speed Mean value : 10-16 kmph Prevailing Direction South West Frequency Distribution : 44.5%

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Highest monthly mean wind speed for 24 hours : 21.4 kmph. Extreme wind velocity : 131 kmph. Monthly sea level pressure: Mean value : 1009 mb Maximum observed : 1014 mb Monthly Visibility: Less than ½ N mile, Less than 1 mile, Less than 2 N miles, Less than 10 N miles. Fog is infrequent at sea in all seasons. Reduction in visibility is mostly due to heavy rains, which during the southwest monsoon can reduce visibility below fog levels. Rainfall Average Annual : 973.6 mm Annual Min : 654.0 mm Annual Max : 1308.6 mm Maximum recorded in a day : 375.2 Highest annual : 1,314 Highest monthly : 606 mm Highest daily : 293.3 mm Fog: Months : December to February Coastal and Oceanographic Data The cyclonic activity and the coastal and offshore data are presented to appreciate the various factors that affect the recreational aspects along the beaches. Monsoons and Cyclones 71. In the Bay of Bengal, depressions are likely to be encountered in all seasons of the year with a gradual fall in pressure. On an average 4 to 5 cyclones per year occur. However, at particular locations the average frequencies may be lower. Hind casting studies indicated that the Coast is mainly affected by waves generated by Cyclones from the South East to South East direction. The highest waves are experienced in the period April September when the winds are more intense and consistent. The deep-sea waves with the highest and lowest period frequent from the South West quadrant. Waves of over 1.5 mtrs in the height may be expected approximately 14% of the time. The daily record of tidal levels shows two highs and two lows. There is published evidence to indicate that strong tides as much as 60 cms in excess of the predicted tides may occur during the cyclones. Seismicity 72. Earlier the city fell under the seismic zone of Category II, where earthquakes of magnitude 5.6 and above do not occur. But in recent revised seismic map by National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad the zone has been elevated to Category III which suggests that earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5.6 are possible. In the recent times earth tremors are being increasingly felt particularly along the foothills of Kailasa Hill and Yarada hills. Major fracture lineaments are noted in the structural history of the area. The small tremors and shocks experienced in the recent times as a sequel to structural movements which is indeed a rare phenomenon. The strongest earthquake recorded had a magnitude of 6.5.

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ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

73. The sensitive and critical natural habitats such as national park, marine park, wildlife sanctuary, tiger reserve, elephant reserve, reserved forest, protested area and its buffer zone, declared special area for protecting biodiversity or wildlife habitat, estuarine area, coral reef, wet land or marshes or mangrove, cultural heritage sites, etc. are not found in the subproject area. None of the rare and endangered species of flora and fauna were observed within and surroundings of project area.

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

74. Population and Communities. The population of GVMC city as per 2011census is 79158. The population density is only 2032.25 persons per Sq. km. The total number of households as per 2011 census is 19123. Number of slum households is 856 and population is 4,563. Sex ratio is 969. Literacy rate is 79.98%. Main occupation is agriculture. Secondary occupation is weaving. 75. Health facilities. One government hospital and about 50 private health centers (major numbers of Ayurvedic practices) were observed within CMC limits. 76. Education facilities. One government school and several private schools and preuniversity college were noticed in the project area. 77. Literacy rate. About 77% of total population shows literacy as per 2001 census. 85.7% males are literate, and 68% females are literates. 78. Work participation rate. Out of the total population of 67,170, as per 2001 census, 63.4% is the work participation rate. About 50.8% of male population and about 12.6% of female population are in the working category. 79. Land use pattern. According to the land use pattern of 1995, residential area constitutes

52.62 percent of the total developed area of 358.07 Ha. The core area of GVMC town is overcrowded and very congested as a result; new extension areas are forming in the peripheral areas of the town. The commercial and industrial establishments occupy 4.36 percent and 4.50 percent of the total developed area of the town. About 11 percent of the developed area is under park and playgrounds, which indicates that the town has good recreational places. The circulation pattern of the town occupies about 12 percent of the developed area. The local planning area has about 32.53 Ha of vacant land for future development.

80. Physical or cultural heritage. No physical or cultural heritage was observed in the vicinity of the subproject area.

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VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

81. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact. 82. Screening of potential environmental impacts are categorized into four categories considering subproject phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre-construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts.

a. Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include any potential impacts on adjacent environment including biodiversity impacts.

b. Design impacts include impacts arising from design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services.

c. Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production.

d. O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.

83. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude and impact duration. 84. This section of the IEE reviews possible project-related impacts, in order to identify issues requiring further attention and screen out issues of no relevance. ADB SPS (2009) require that impacts and risks will be analyzed during pre-construction, construction, and operational stages in the context of the project’s area of influence. 85. The ADB Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist has been used to screen the project for environmental impacts and to determine the scope of the IEE. 86. This subproject is a clean energy project and (i) most of the individual elements involve straightforward installation and operation, so impacts will be mainly localized and not greatly significant; (ii) most of the predicted impacts are associated with the installation and commissioning process which are localized and temporary and will not have significant impacts.(iii) being located on a reservoir surface, any potential biodiversity impact has been screened using the Integrated Tool on Biodiversity Assessment2 (Ibat) and the study reveals that there are no potential impacts on biodiversity. The subproject will be on the reservoir surface owned by the GVMC and used for water supply for the Visakhapatnam urban area. The access to the subproject location and the power transmission line is through public rights-of-way and existing roads hence, land acquisition and encroachment on private property will not occur.

2Ibat Report for Meghadrigedda Reservoir is attached as Appendix - 7

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87 The subproject implementation will result in renewable energy generation and GHG emission reductions to the tune of around 1500 tons of CO2 equivalent per annum. Table 4 : Summary of impacts and mitigations due to detailed design components

Sl. No

Subproject Components

Component Description/Scope as per detailed design

Impacts and Mitigation

1 Installation of solar panels

No Changes in scope. Solar panels made from mono/poly crystalline silicon solar cell connected in series will be installed. One kW panel will be of about 10sq.m in size and hence for 3MW, the panel area will be 30000sq.m and with space between panels and connectors, the total area will be about 48000sq.m or say 0.048sq.km

No additional impacts identified. The provisions of earlier approved EMP will stand applicable.

2 Feeder line No Changes in scope. 2km long 33kV feeder cable will be erected from the solar system along bund to the 33kV Narawa substation


3 Floating walkway

No Changes in scope. Floating walkway for access will be erected from the bund to the floating solar system for maintenance of the system


4 Switch yard including transformer 80 volts/330 KV (as per detailed design)

Incorporated as per detailed design. The land identified for the revised location is a government land owned by GVMC which is free from encumbrance. There is no habitation and no cutting of trees involved.

No additional or residual impacts identified. The provisions of earlier approved EMP will stand applicable. Vacuum circuit breaker is being used to replace Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) and hence no impact associated with SF6 is anticipated. PCB free transformer oil is being used.

A. Pre-Construction Impacts – Design & Location

88. Design of the Proposed Components. Technical design of the (i) floating solar panels,(ii) Cabling and junction boxes and (iii) power evacuation and distribution network follows the relevant design guidelines, focusing on providing a robust system which is easy to install and operate, sustainable, efficient and economically viable. Subproject design will include the following environmental considerations:

(i) Minimizing transportation and storage by installing prefabricated panel structure. (ii) Avoiding use of any hazardous chemicals on the PV panels and structure to

prevent reservoir water contamination. (iii) Optimizing the surface area required for PV panel placement to ensure higher

efficiency and power generation. (iv) Avoiding placement of transmission lines on private or agricultural land and use

available ROW along the existing road alignment.

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89. Proposed Subproject Locations and Impacts. Location impacts are associated with planning particularly on the site selection, and include impacts due to encroaching on sensitive areas, and impacts on the people who might lose their homes or livelihoods. The site presently has some trees and bushes around it which will be avoided during the transportation and storage of the power plant components. Adjacent land is owned by GVMC and temporary storage will not require any disturbance. 90. Utilities. Proposed transmission line from the reservoir to the substation will be along the available ROW. Various utilities (telephone lines, sewers and pipelines) may be located along these roads. These may require to be shifted in few cases. To mitigate the adverse impacts due to relocation of the utilities, the contractor, in collaboration with GVMC shall:

(i) Identify the locations and operators of these utilities to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase

(ii) Conduct detailed site surveys with the construction drawings and discuss with the respective agencies before site clearance and start of excavation work; and

(iii) Instruct construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

91. Advance notice will be given to the consumers about the likely disruptions, and if the disruption extends over a day, then alternative arrangements will be provided. Following measures are to be implemented to minimize the inconvenience:

(i) provide prior information to public on likely disturbances, and (ii) make temporary arrangements for water supply in the affected area (for example,

through mobile tankers) if the water supply service is disrupted over 24 hours. 92. Site selection of construction stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. Consider sites that will not result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas shall not be considered for setting up camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, and noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near the forest, water bodies, swamps, or in areas which will inconvenience the community. All locations would be included in the design specifications and on plan drawings. Construction work camps, if required shall be located at least 200 m from residential areas. Material stockpiles shall be protected by bunds during the monsoon to arrest the silt laden runoff into drains. The subproject is likely to generate soil from excavations, which needs to be disposed safely. 93. Site selection of sources of materials. Most of the material will be prefabricated and very small quantities of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate will be required for construction works. Requirement of gravel is limited. Following measures are to be implemented:

(i) Contractor should procure these materials only from the quarries permitted/licensed by Mines and Geology Department.

(ii) Contractor should, to the maximum extent possible, procure material from existing authorized quarries.

(iii) It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Department of Mines & Geology and local revenue administration.

(iv) Contractor should submit the details of sources and copies of approvals,

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permissions to GVMC, and should start procurement only after the respective source is approved by GVMC.

B. Construction Impacts

94. Floating solar PV Installation works: Installation works for the subproject include placement of PV modules and the prefabricated structures on the reservoir surface. No welding operations are required for the installation of the PV modules. 95. The subproject location has an existing road, and no additional access is required to be constructed. The transmission line will be on the available ROW and the nearest substation is 200 meters from the edge of the reservoir 96. Any earth work excavation, if required, will be undertaken by machine and include danger lighting and using sight rails and barricades. Excavated material will be stocked within that area. 97. Although construction of the subproject components involves simple techniques of BOD work, the installation at water surface will require avoidance of any waste material or chemical getting disposed in the reservoir. The transportation of materials and installation works will result in impacts to the environment and sensitive receptors such as residents, businesses, and the community in general. These anticipated impacts are temporary and for short duration. 98. Air Quality. The installation work will not use welding and the impact on air quality is expected in the form of dust or transportation impacts which will be minimal and temporary. Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for excavation and installation may induce impacts short term and temporary air quality impacts in the construction sites. 99. Surface Water Quality. Run-off from stockpiled materials and chemical contamination from PV panels and lubricants during installation works can contaminate reservoir surface water quality. As the rainfall in the project areas is mostly confined to monsoon, these potential impacts are short-term and temporary. However, to ensure that these are mitigated, construction contractor will be required to:

(i) All earthworks be conducted during the dry season to prevent the problem of soil run-off during monsoon season

(ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets;

(iii) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;

(iv) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from any drainage leading to water bodies;

(v) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and (vi) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management

Plan (EMP). 100. Noise and Vibration Levels. All the installation works will be conducted during the day time and any sensitive receptors will be avoided. Increase in noise level may be caused by excavation, transportation of equipment, materials, and people. This impact is negative but short-term, and reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

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(i) Plan activities in consultation with GVMC so that activities with the greatest

potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance

(ii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and use portable street barriers to minimise sound impact to surrounding sensitive receptor.

101. Socio-Economic – Employment. Manpower will be required during the 6 months installation and commissioning stage. This can result in generation of temporary employment and increase in local revenue. Thus, potential impact is positive and long-term. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Employ local labour force, or to the maximum extent possible to increase local employment opportunities temporarily

102. Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be mindful of the occupational hazards which can arise from working in the reservoir area and electrical installation works. Potential impacts are negative and long-term but reversible by mitigation measures. The construction contractor will be required to:

(i) Comply with all national, state and local labour laws (see Appendix 6); (ii) Develop and implement site-specific occupational health and safety (OH&S) Plan

which will include measures such as: (a) identification of potential hazards and safety issues (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use personal protective equipment; (c) OH&S Training3 for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of work-related accidents.

(iii) Ensure that qualified first aid is provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site

(iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks (v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water (vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or

noxious substances (vii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are

apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injuring to fellow workers

(viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted

(ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas

3 Some of the key areas that may be covered during training as they relate to the primary causes of accidents include

(i) slips, trips and falls; (ii) personal protective equipment; (iii) ergonomics, repetitive motion, and manual handling; (iv) workplace transport; and (v) legislation and responsibilities. Training can provide the foundations of competence but it does not necessarily result in a competent worker. Therefore, it is essential to assess staff competence to ensure that the training provided is relevant and effective. Supervision and monitoring arrangements shall be in place to ensure that training has been effective and the worker is competent at their job. The level of supervision and monitoring required is a management decision that shall be based on the risks associated with the job, the level of competence required, the experience of the individual and whether the worker works as part of a team or is a lone worker.

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(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms (xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical

devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and

(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

Operation and Maintenance Impacts 103. Once the installation and commissioning is over, the operation and maintenance of the 3 MWp power will be done by the contractor under the supervision of GVMC. The subproject will require minimal maintenance and the potential impacts during this stage are expected to be negligible.

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VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Overview

104. The active participation of stakeholders including local community, NGOs/CBOs, and the media in all stages of project preparation and implementation is essential for successful implementation of the project. It will ensure that the subprojects are designed, constructed, and operated with utmost consideration to local needs, ensures community acceptance, and will bring maximum benefits to the people. Public consultation and information disclosure is a must as per the ADB policy. 105. Most of the main stakeholders have already been identified and consulted during preparation of this IEE, and any others that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders of the subproject are: nearby residents, substation staff and irrigation department staff. B. Public Consultation

106. GVMC held consultations with the residents of Jerripothulapalem village located near Meghadrigedda Reservoir. About 22 residents, mostly belonging to fisherman community participated in the consultations. The meeting was held at the residence of the local community leader, who chaired the meeting. The Assistant Executive Engineer and the jurisdictional Work Inspector of GVMC explained the details of the project and the benefits that GVMC will derive by establishing the floating solar plant. The fisherman reported that people from about 10 villages in the vicinity such as Jerripothulapalem, Nandavanipalem, Chintala Agraharam, Pedagadi, Porlupalem, Chintagatla etc. depend on fishing in the reservoir. Further, they expressed their concern on availability of space for fishing, if the reservoir is covered with solar panels. The GVMC engineer explained that an area of about 0.048sq.km only would be covered by solar panels and the remaining area 4.97 sq.km out of the total area of 5.015sq.km area of the reservoir would continue to be available for fishing. The engineer explained that just about 1% of the reservoir area in the south west will be used for this project and the remaining area can be used for fishing. Further, the engineer explained that the settlements in the west and the south east (closer to the sluice gates) which are using the reservoir for fishing can continue to access the reservoir without any hindrance as no work is proposed in these areas. They were assured that the proposed works will not affect their fishing activity and were informed that they could contact the GVMC engineer in-charge of the project if they have any issues related to the project, during its implementation and even afterwards. The consultation meeting attendance sheet and photograph is given in Appendix 5. 107. Future consultations will be conducted and recorded during construction stage. Any suggestions or grievances relating to environmental issues will be addressed through proper mitigation measures as outlined in the EMP. Government regulatory agencies such as AP Power Transco, AP Irrigation department, and Archeology Survey of India, etc., were consulted during the project preparation. C. Outline of field work & Consultations

Field inspection of proposed subproject facility revised /change in location of Switch Yard was undertaken on 07th December,2019. These included field visit to the Meghadri Gedda Reservoir

29

site, the proposed alignment of the feeder line along the bund, the 33kV Narawa substation and discussions with GVMC officials.

GVMC Officials (Dy. EE & AEE), Water Sector Specialist, PMSC and Public Communication Specialist, PMSC visiting the proposed Switchyard Site under UCCRTF/04 Project site Meghadrigedda on 07.12.2019

GVMC Officials (Dy. EE & AEE), Water Sector Specialist, PMSC and Public Communication Specialist, PMSC visiting the UCCRTF/04 Project site Meghadrigedda on 07.12.2019

Consultations were held with the key stakeholder, GVMC and it was ascertained that the floating solar system will be erected on the reservoir, which is assigned to GVMC for drinking water supply to Visakhapatnam and the feeder line traverses along the reservoir bund and connects to the 33kV Narawa substation through an existing 11 kV Electric Pole (EP No. 11KV/MGR/1/1). There is no private land involved in this project. Consultation with fishermen community was held on 7th September 2018 and MoM along with attendance are enclosed in Annexure 1a. The total area of the Meghadri Gedda reservoir is 5.015 sq.km and was constructed in the year 1977 across the river Naravagedda and Meghadri Gedda at Kamarapalem village in Visakhapatnam District. The catchment area is about 368 sq.kms, which includes the reservoir4. The area covered by the solar system in the reservoir is 0.048 sq.km and it constitutes less than 1 percent of the reservoir area and hence will not cause any impact to the usage of the reservoir. Location of the switchyard is changed but the changed location belongs to APIIC. As per Environment due diligence site visit (& discussions held with Contractor during visit) conducted in 4-6 October 2021, no tree cutting is required for the changed switchyard.

4 Source: Appendix 8 - Bathymetric and Topographic Survey for De-silting of Meghadri Gedda Reservoir in

Visakhapatnam District Andhra Pradesh, India by Irrigation & CAD Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh

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Some of the landowners living in the vicinity of the reservoir use the reservoir for fishing and their fishing activity will not be affected by this project as the floating panels use only 0.048 sq.km of the reservoir area and the remaining 99 percent of 5.015 sq.km area is available for continuance of fishing. The 2km feeder line from the floating solar panel system traverses all along the bund and connects to an electric pole (EP No. EP No. 11KV/MGR/1/1) on the bund, which is in turn connected to the 33kV Narawa substation. The bund and the land where existing cables are connected from the pole to substation are WRD land is free from encumbrance.

Inverter room old site (site I) Proposed Site for inverter room (Site II)

The feeder line alignment traversing from the floating solar panel to the EB pole and then to the substation is depicted as a google earth image below.

Summary and Conclusions of the field work and consultation

• No involuntary resettlement impacts are assessed at the identified sites as the reservoir and the bund along which the feeder line traverses belong to GVMC / WRD and free from encumbrance.

• The results of this Due Diligence report confirm that there would be no impact on any titled

or non-titled holders like squatters or encroachers in the sub project. No land acquisition is involved and there is no requirement of payment of compensation or assistance to any titled or non-titled holders, on account of sub – projects.

• In case any claims or complaints are submitted during the remaining project

implementation period, an effective and efficient Grievance Redress Mechanism, being already in place, will enhance provision of timely hearings and facilitate solutions to address the issues raised.

31

• Also, these impacts, if any will be captured in the Semi Social Annual Monitoring Reports (SMRs) as well as new Involuntary Resettlement Due Diligence Reports (IR DDRs) or Resettlement Plan (RP)will be prepared as required.

• This DDR will be updated by the GVMC in case of any design changes or site changes,

and the updated DDR needs to be approved by ADB.

• D. Information Disclosure

108. Executive summary of the IEE will be translated in Telegu and made available at the offices of GVMC and in the subproject area. Electronic version of the IEE in English and Executive Summary in Telegu will be placed in the official website of the GVMC & PMU after approval of the IEE by Government and ADB. Stakeholders will also be made aware of grievance register and redress mechanism.

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VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Redress of Grievances 109. To ensure that public grievance and/or complaint on environmental (and social) issues are addressed during the implementation of the subproject, GVMC will establish a grievance redress mechanism (GRM). 110. The GRM shall provide an accessible platform for receiving and facilitating resolution of affected person’s grievances related to the project/ subproject. According to SPS 2009, the GRM will address concerns and complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate and readily accessible to the affected persons at no costs and without retribution. GRM on environmental safeguards will cover matters that may be raised on environmental issues such as increased level of dust and noise causing inconvenience to local people, traffic, or other relevant issues. 111. Project GRM. Project GRM is established at three levels as indicated below and covers both environment and social issues. The GRM will be disclosed to the affected communities and households prior to the mobilization of contractors in any subproject areas. The Project grievance redress committee, supported by the PMSC consultants as well as the PMU and GVMC safeguard officers will be responsible for timely grievance redress on environmental and social safeguards issues and responsible for registration of grievances, related disclosure and communication with the aggrieved party. Contact details, procedures and complaint mechanism will be disclosed to the project affected communities at accessible locations and through various methods such as leaflets, direct communication, sign boards etc. (i) 1st Level Grievance. The phone number of the GVMC office shall be made available at the construction site signboards. The contractors and GVMC safeguard officer can immediately resolve grievances on-site in consultation with each other and will be required to do so within seven days of receipt of a complaint/grievance. (ii) 2nd Level Grievance. All grievances that cannot be redressed within seven days at field/ward level will be reviewed by the GRC at District level headed by District Commissioner with support from GVMC designated safeguard officer and PMSC environment and social specialists. GRC will attempt to resolve them within 15 days. The GVMC designated safeguard officer will be responsible to see through the process of redressal of each grievance. (iii) 3rd Level Grievance. All grievances that cannot be redressed within 15 days shall be reviewed at the PMU level with support from PMSC environment and social specialist. The PMSC designated safeguard officer will be responsible to see through the process of redressal of each grievance. Grievance Redressal Committee 112. Grievance Redressal Committee (GRC) will be established at GVMC level to receive, evaluate and facilitate the resolution of displaced persons concerns, complaints and grievances. The GRC is aimed to provide a trusted way to voice and resolve concerns linked to the project, and to be an effective way to address displaced person’s concerns without allowing it to escalate resulting in delays in project implementation. The Project Director, PMU will be the appellate authority who will be supported by the Safeguard Officer of PMU and Team Leader of the external monitoring consultant. This will be the highest grievance redressal mechanism at the project level.

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113. The GRC will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project. The GRC is not intended to bypass the government’s inbuilt redressal process, nor the provisions of the statute, but rather it is intended to address displaced persons concerns and complaints promptly, making it readily accessible to all segments of the displaced persons and is scaled to the risks and impacts of the project. 114. The GRC will continue to function, for the benefit of the APs, during the entire life of the project including the defects liability period. The response time prescribed for the GRCs would be four weeks. The GRC, PMU and GVMC will meet at least once every month in the first year of project implementation. 115. Capacity Building. GVMC Environmental Officer will be further trained by PMSC’s environmental safeguards officer on safeguards issues of the projects, EMP of VCICDP and ADB Safeguards Policy. Safeguard’s training will also be conducted by PMU safeguards expert to the relevant project team members. The targeted participants of the briefings would be PMU staff, resettlement implementation support NGO or agency and GVMC staff. The GVMC safeguards officer will be further supported by the PMSC experts through on the job training for updating IEEs, EMP implementation, complaint resolution and report writing on safeguards. 116. Disclosure of Information: GVMC through its Safeguards Officer will inform the APs on grievance redress procedure, who to contact and when, where and how to file a grievance, time likely to be taken for redressal of minor and major grievances, etc. Grievances received and responses provided will be documented and provided to the APs during the process. The number of grievances recorded and resolved, and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the field offices of AP Transco. 117. Review of the Process: GVMC will periodically review the implementation of the GRM and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the Project ‘s ability to prevent and address grievances. 118. Cost of Implementation Costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/information dissemination) will be borne by GVMC. The cost of implementation will be taken from the administration cost included in the total cost of the implementation for the project. 119.Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism through media and public outlets. And to ensure that all views incorporated in implementation process. 120. Only major grievances shall be placed before the GRC. The GRC will determine the merit of each grievance and attempt to resolve the same within a month from the date of lodging of complaints, failing which the grievance shall be addressed to the Deputy Commissioner. The GRC shall forward grievances of serious nature immediately on receipt of complaint to the Deputy Commissioner. The DC will hear appeals against the decisions of GRC. The decision of DC is final and cannot be contested in any other forum except in the Courts of Law.

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121. Record-keeping. The GVMC will keep records of grievances received, including contact details of the complainant, the date the complaint was received, the nature of the grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were affected and the final outcome. The number of grievances recorded and resolved, and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the GVMC office, and on the DJB website, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on a semi-annual basis. 122. An efficient grievance redress mechanism has been established to assist the DPs in resolving their queries and complaints. Project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) is being established to evaluate, and facilitate the resolution of affected persons’ concerns, complaints, and grievances related to social and environmental issues of the project. The GRM will aim to provide a time-bound and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve social and environmental concerns linked to the project. 123. A common GRM has been established be in place for social, environmental, or any other grievances related to the project. Every grievance shall be registered and careful documentation of process with regard to each grievance undertaken, as explained below. The PIU environmental and social safeguards officers will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redress on environmental and social safeguards issues, including keeping and maintaining the complaint and redress records. Public awareness campaign will be conducted to ensure that awareness on the project and its grievance redress procedures is generated.

Figure 8: VCICDP Grievance Redress Mechanism

Field/ward level Responsible: Contractor, Divisional Engineer, and PIU safeguard officers

PIU level Responsible: PIU/District-level GRC members, PMSC expert and PIU safeguard officers

PMU/State level Responsible: State-level GRC, and PMU safeguard officers

Affected person

1st Level Grievance

3rd Level Grievance

2nd Level Grievance

No

Yes within 7 days Grievance

redressed and record keeping

Grievance redressed and record keeping

Grievance redressed and record keeping

Yes within 15 days

Yes within 15 days

No

Court of Law

No

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IX. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT & RESPONSIBILITIES

124. The State of Andhra Pradesh through the DoI will be the Executing Agency (EA) for the project and the Project Director; Directorate of Industries will head the PMU and will be in charge of overall coordination between the various PIUs and in prioritizing subprojects for subsequent tranches based on social safeguards compliance. A Project Steering Committee will be established to advise the PMU on policy, monitor the implementation of the Investment Program, and coordinate with PIUs on cross-cutting issues. VCICDP institutional arrangement shown in Figure -9 below

Figure 9: VCICDP Implementation Arrangements

STAT

E

PROGRAM

LEVEL

IMPLEMENTATI

ON LEVEL

Asian

Developm

ent Bank Government of Andhra

Pradesh Department

of Industries

STEERING COMMITTEE Head Chief Secretary,

Member Secretary, Secretary

Dept. of Industries and

Commerce

DEPARTMENT OF

INDUSTRIES

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

UNIT

(PMU)

Project

Management &

Supervision

Consultant

(PMSC)

PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATIO

N UNIT APIIC

PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATION

UNIT GVMC

PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATIO

N UNIT APRDC

PROJECT

IMPLEMENTATION

UNIT APTRANSCO

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X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

125. The subproject will be carried out under the oversight of the GVMC. The DOI has been appointed as the EA and will be responsible for the management, coordination and execution of all the activities funded under the project. 126. The GVMC staff will include a Safeguard Officer (SO), who will be an Assistant Engineer rank officer, and will be responsible for all environment, health and safety, social, and grievance redress tasks. The SO will be a qualified engineer (preferably an environmental engineer). The SO can also be deputed from GVMC. Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialists of the PMSC will assist the SO. B. Environmental Management Plan

127. An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. 128. The EMP will guide the environmentally-sound construction of the subproject and ensure efficient lines of communication between PMU, GVMC, consultants and contractors. The EMP will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (i) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (ii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iii) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (iv) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. The EMP includes a monitoring program to measure the environmental condition and effectiveness of implementation of the mitigation measures. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. 129. The contractor will be required to submit to GVMC, for review and approval, a site environmental plan (SEP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per SEP; and (iv) budget for SEP implementation. No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEP. 130.- A copy of the EMP/approved SEP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times. The EMP included in the bid and contract documents. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document constitutes a failure in compliance. 131. For BOD works, the contractor will be required to (i) carry out all of the mitigation and monitoring measures set forth in the approved SEP; and (ii) implement any corrective or preventative actions set out in safeguards monitoring reports that the employer will prepare from time to time to monitor implementation of this IEE and SEP. The contractor shall allocate budget for compliance with these SEP measures, requirements and actions. 132. Table 3-7, below shows the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible agencies for implementation and monitoring.

Table- 5: Design Stage Environmental Management Plan Field Anticipated

Impact Mitigation Measures Location Responsible for

Implementation Performance Indicators

Responsible for Monitoring

Cost and Source of Funds

Design of 3 MWp Power plant PV modules and structure including cabling and junction boxes.

Use of chemicals, other hazardous lubricants. Provision of canopies for safety.

(i) Minimize surface water impacts by use of non-hazardous chemicals / paints, adequate canopies to prevent electrical hazards. Adequate measures for electrical cabling to prevent accidental hazards.

Megrdigadda at launching platform

GVMC – to include in bidding documents. Contractor –to ensure during implementation.

List of chemical and paints used

GVMC/ PMU/PMSC

Part of BOD works costs

Design of transmission line for power evacuation with identified alignment.

Use of existing ROW for energy evacuation and transmission to the grid.

(i) Avoid any private land / irrigated land.

From switch yard to power grid

GVMC Permission for power evacuation

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


Project siting Loss of tree cover (If any)

(i) Minimize removal of trees by adopting to site condition and with appropriate layout design of UGR

(ii) Obtain prior permission from Tree Officer, Forest Department for tree cutting

(iii) Plant and maintain 3 trees for each tree that is removed

At proposed location of switch yard

Contractor Number of tree felling, are of site clearance (if any)

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC

Part of BOD works costs (Note: No tree cutting has been carried out for new switchyard).

Socio cultural resource

Chance finds (i) Develop a protocol for use by the construction

At the construction of site

Contractor Availability of procedure and

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


39

Field Anticipated Impact

Mitigation Measures Location Responsible for Implementation

Performance Indicators

Responsible for Monitoring


contractors in conducting any work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized, and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. This should involve:

o Conduct awareness training to contractor & supervision staff prior to start of excavation

o Stopping work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected.

o Calling in the ASI if a find is suspected, and taking any action they require to ensure its removal or protection in situ

system for chance find

40

Table -6: Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Pre-Construction



Performance Indicators and monitoring method

Responsibility of Monitoring


Utilities Telephone lines, electric poles and wires, within proposed project area

(i) Identify the locations and operators of these utilities to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during construction phase

(ii) Conduct detailed site surveys with the construction drawings and discuss with the respective agencies before site clearance and start of excavation work; and

(iii) Instruct construction contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

Construction site

Contractor in collaboration with GVMC

One power line passes through the proposed location of switch room. However, it has been learnt it will be not be shifted. In case it is shifted it will be done by the concerned department after requirement is submitted by the GVMC and contractor. No other utility available.

GVMC/ PMU/ PMSC


Construction work camps, stockpile areas,

Conflicts with local community; disruption to

(i) Select a camp site away from residential areas (at least 50 m buffer

Construction site

Construction Contractor

Excavation is not involved so stockpiles of soil is not required.

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


41






storage areas, and disposal areas.

traffic flow and sensitive receptors

shall be maintained) or locate the camp site within the existing facilities of GVMC

(ii) Avoid tree cutting for setting up camp facilities

(iii) Camp site shall not be located near (100 m) water bodies, flood plains flood prone/low lying areas, or any ecologically, socially, archeologically sensitive areas

(iv) Separate the workers living areas and material storage areas clearly with a fencing and separate entry and exit

The storage of material will be at the proposed switch room area.

Sources of Materials

Extraction of materials can disrupt natural land contours and vegetation resulting in accelerated erosion, disturbance in natural

(i) Contractor should procure these materials only from the quarries permitted/licensed by Mines and Geology Department.

(ii) Contractor should, to the maximum extent possible,

The project requires panels and float and it will be procured from authorized sources.


Solar panels will be imported.

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


42






drainage patterns, ponding and water logging, and water pollution.

procure material from existing quarries, and creation of new quarry areas should be avoid as far as possible.

(iii) It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Department of Mines & Geology and local revenue administration.

(iv) Contractor should submit the details of sources and copies of approvals, permissions to GVMC, and should start procurement only after the respective source is approved by GVMC

Consents, permits, clearances, NOCs, etc.

Failure to obtain necessary consents, permits,

(i) Obtain all necessary consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. prior to award of BOD works Ensure

Construction site

Contractor/ GVMC

Permission for power evacuation.

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC

Part of project costs

43






NOCs, etc. can result to design revisions and/or stoppage of works

that all necessary approvals for construction to be obtained by contractor are in place before start of construction

(ii) Acknowledge in writing and provide report on compliance all obtained consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc.

(iii) Include in detailed design drawings and documents all conditions and provisions if necessary

Table-7: Environmental Management Plan of Anticipated Impacts during Construction


Mitigation Measures Location Responsible for Mitigation

Performance Indicators and Monitoring method



Sources of Materials

Extraction of materials can damage environment

(i) Procurement of material only after the respective source is approved by GVMC

(ii) Submit to GVMC on a monthly basis documentation of sources of materials.

Construction site at Megadrigadda lake


Material sourcing documents like NOC of sand mines or royalty paid for sand, Documents of import of solar panels

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


44






Air Quality Emissions from construction vehicles, equipment, and machinery used for installation resulting to dusts and increase in concentration of vehicle-related pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrous oxides, and hydrocarbons.

(i) Barricade the construction area using hard barricades (of 2 m height in Mild Steel (MS) frame and 1 mm MS sheet ) on both sides and provide dust/wind screen (such geo textile fabric) up to 3 m height (1m above the hard barricading)

(ii) Initiate site clearance and excavation work only after barricading of the site is done

(iii) Confine all the material, excavated soil, debris, equipment, machinery (excavators, cranes etc.,), to the barricaded area

(iv) Damp down the soil and any stockpiled material on site by water sprinkling;

(v) Apply water and maintain soils in a visible damp or

Megadrigadda


Air quality parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2 Nox etc

Contractor/ GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


45






crusted condition for temporary stabilization

(vi) Apply water prior to leveling or any other earth moving activity to keep the soil moist throughout the process

(vii) Limit the stocking of excavated material at the site; remove the excess soil from the site immediately to the designated disposal area

(viii) Cover the soil stocked at the sites with tarpaulins

(ix) Control access to work area, prevent unnecessary movement of vehicle, public trespassing into work areas; limiting soil disturbance will minimize dust generation

(x) Undertake the work section wise: 100 – 200 m section should be demarcated and barricaded

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Surface / Reservoir water quality

Mobilization of settled silt materials, and chemical contamination from fuels and lubricants during installation of pipelines can contaminate nearby surface water quality.

(i) All earthworks be conducted during the dry season to prevent the problem of soil run-off during monsoon season

(ii) Avoid stockpiling of earth fill especially during the monsoon season unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets;

(iii) Prioritize re-use of excess spoils and materials in the construction works. If spoils will be disposed, only designated disposal areas shall be used;

(iv) Identify construction waste/excess disposal sites prior to start of work

(v) Install temporary silt traps or sedimentation basins along the drainage leading to the water bodies;

(vi) Place storage areas for fuels and lubricants away from

Construction site at Megadrigedda


Water quality as per national standards



47






any drainage leading to water bodies;

(vii) Dispose any wastes generated by construction activities in designated sites; and

(viii) Conduct surface quality inspection according to the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

Noise Levels

Increase in noise level due to earth-moving and excavation equipment, and the transportation of equipment, materials, and people

(i) Plan activities in consultation with GVMC so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance

(ii) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers, fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers, and use portable street barriers to minimize sound impact to

Construction site at Megadrigedda


Noise level as per national standards.


Part of BOD works contract

48






surrounding sensitive receptors

(iii) Utilizing modern vehicles and machinery with the requisite adaptations to limit noise and exhaust emissions and ensuring that these are maintained to manufacturers’ specifications at all times.

(iv) Maintain maximum sound levels not exceeding 80 decibels (dBA) when measured at a distance of 10 m or more from the vehicle/s.

(v) Identify any buildings at risk from vibration damage and avoiding any use of pneumatic drills or heavy vehicles in the vicinity

(vi) Horns should not be used unless it is necessary to warn other road users or

49






animals of the vehicle’s approach

Socio-Economic - Employment

Generation of temporary employment and increase in local revenue

(i) Employ local labor force, or to the maximum extent possible to increase local employment opportunities temporarily

Construction Camp and work site


Labour license; No migratory labour to be used.

Contractor / GVMC/PMU/ PMSC

Included in the contract of contractors.

Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational hazards which can arise during work

(i) Comply with all national, state and local labour laws (see Appendix 6)

(ii) Develop and implement site-specific occupational health and safety (OH&S) Plan which will include measures such as: (a) identification of potential hazards and safety issues (b) ensuring all workers are provided with and use personal protective equipment; (c) OH&S Training for all site personnel; (d) documented procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (e) documentation of


Occupational, health, safety and environment plan. Availability of first aid; Barricading of site and launching platform area. Availability of clean eating area; Availability of clear and safe water for workers. Availability of training Plan; Workers grievance mechanism; Provide life jacket to the worker at launching platform; Divers for emergency rescue of any drowning.

Contractor / GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


50






work-related accidents

(iii) Ensure that qualified first-aid is provided at all times. Equipped first-aid stations shall be easily accessible throughout the site

(iv) Secure all installations from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks

(v) Provide supplies of potable drinking water (Appendix 7 provided drinking water standards)

(vi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances

(vii) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are apprised of the basic site rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and

Emergency Boats.

51






preventing injuring to fellow workers

(viii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted

(ix) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas

(x) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms

(xi) Mark and provide sign boards for hazardous areas such as energized electrical devices and lines, service rooms housing high voltage equipment, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in

52






accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate; and

(xii) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dBA for duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively.

Post-construction clean-up

Damage due to debris, spoils, excess construction materials

(i) Remove all spoils wreckage, rubbish, or temporary structures (such as buildings, shelters, and latrines) which are no longer required

(ii) All excavated roads shall be reinstated to original condition.

(iii) All disrupted utilities restored

(iv) All affected structures

At the launching plat form and construction and storage camp.


Restoration of all access in safe condition.

Contractor / Contractor / GVMC/PMU/ PMSC


53






rehabilitated/ compensated

(v) The area that previously housed the construction camp is to be checked for spills of substances such as oil, paint, etc. and these shall be cleaned up.

(vi) All hardened surfaces within the construction camp area shall be ripped, all imported materials removed, and the area shall be top soiled and re-grassed

(vii) The contractor must arrange the cancellation of all temporary services.

(viii) Restore the work sites to pre-project conditions; GVMC to approve in writing that site is restored

Bird/fresidual Collision

Collision/electrocution of avian species

Though the impacts of collision are not anticipated due to short height of the tower, however, contractor shall carry out ocular

Adjacent Transmission Lines

Contractor/GVMC

Number of birds/avian species observed to have collided or electrocuted.

Contractor/GVMC

Part of contractor’s costs.

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monitoring and in case incidents of avian collision are recorded, appropriate mitigation measures shall be taken, based on the species recorded viz. Bird Flappers, Spacing of energized components, earthing, etc. World Bank Group’s guidelines on EHS.

Table-8: Operation Stage Environmental Management Plan Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation

Measures Location Responsible for

Mitigation Performance indicator and Monitoring method

Responsibility of monitoring


Occupational health and safety

Health, social and economic impacts on the workers

• Provide appropriate PPE to workers& training on its proper use

• Use fall protection equipment when working at heights.

Megadrigedda Lake at the floating solar panel sites

Contractor / GVMC

Provide PPE for working on the floating solar panels. This includes Life jackets, helmets, safety jackets, gloves for protection of electromagnetic shocks, safety shoes for protection of

GVMC/ PMU/ PMSC

Operating costs

55

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures

Location Responsible for Mitigation

Performance indicator and Monitoring method



• Maintain work areas to minimize slipping and tripping hazards.

• Implement a training program for operators who work with chlorine regarding safe handling practices and emergency response procedures.

electrical shocks. Training Plan

Public inconvenience & safety during repair and maintenance works

Traffic disruption, dust, safety risk etc

• As the work will be similar to laying of pipes, the issues will be similar, but confined to very small area where the repair work is being implemented

• Implement the measures as

Access road at Meghadrigedda lake

Contractor / GVMC

The road will not be disturbed. In case it is disturbed barricading and signages will be provided.

GVMC/PMU/ PMSC

Operating costs

56

Field Anticipated Impact Mitigation Measures

Location Responsible for Mitigation

Performance indicator and Monitoring method



suggested in the construction stage EMP

Bird/Avian Collision

Collision/electrocution of avian species

Though the impacts of collision are not anticipated due to short height of the tower, however, GVMC shall carry out ocular monitoring and in case incidents of avian collision are recorded, appropriate mitigation measures shall be taken, based on the species recorded viz. Bird Flappers, Spacing of energized components, earthing, etc. World Bank Group’s guidelines on EHS.

Transmission Tower & Line location

GVMC Number of birds/avian species observed to have collided or electrocuted.

GVMC Part of operating costs.

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Table-9: Construction Stage Environmental Monitoring Plan Monitoring field Monitoring location Monitoring parameters Frequency Responsibility Cost & Source of

Funds Construction disturbances, nuisances, public & worker safety,

All work sites Implementation of dust control, noise control, traffic management, & safety measures.

Regularly as required during construction; checklist to be filled monthly once

Supervising staff and safeguards specialists

Part of TOR of GVMC, PMC and PMU

Ambient air quality 6locations (1 at UGR site, and the other 6 locations will be selected close to the distribution work sites)

• PM10, PM2.5 NO2, SO2, CO, HC

Once before start of construction Monthly during construction (2 year construction period considered)


Contractor cost (part of BOQ items) 150samples x 5000 per sample = INR 750,000

Ambient noise 6locations (1 at UGR site, and the other 6 locations will be selected close to the distribution work sites)

• Day time and night time noise levels (24 hours)

Once before start of construction Monthly during construction (2 year construction period considered)



Surface / Reservoir water quality

2locations (locations to be selected prior to start of construction)

• pH, Oil & grease, Cl, F, NO3, TC, FC, Hardness, Turbidity BOD, COD, DO, Total Alkalinity

Once before start of construction& Quarterly once during construction (24)



Bird/Avian Collision Transmission Tower & Line location

Number and species of birds collision

Observation based regular monitoring


No extra cost

C. EMP Compliance Responsibilities

133. PMU/GVMC Responsibilities. Safeguard Officer will be supported by PMSC, which will be staffed with an Environmental Specialist.

Contractor’s responsibilities.

Bidding stage: (i) Understand the EMP requirements and allocate necessary resources (budget, staff, etc.,) (ii) Understand the regulatory compliance requirements related to labour welfare, safety,

environment etc.,

Construction stage:

(i) Ensure that all regulatory clearances (both project related and contractor related) are in place before start of the construction work.

(ii) Mobilize EHS supervisor prior to start of work (iii) Confirm with GVMC availability of rights of way at all project sites prior to start of work. (iv) Prepare the following duly incorporating EMP measures, and submit to the GVMC:

a. Construction waste management (CWM) plan b. Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) Plan

(v) Implement the mitigation measures as per the EMP including CWM &OHS Plans (vi) Follow the EMP measures/guidelines for establishment of temporary construction camps,

construction waste disposal sites, and material borrow areas, etc., (vii) Implement EMP and ensure compliance with all the mitigation and enhancement measures (viii) Conduct environmental monitoring (air, noise, water etc.,) as per the EMP (ix) Undertake immediate action as suggested by GVMC / PMU / PMC to remedy unexpected

adverse impacts or ineffective mitigation measures found during the course of implementation

(x) Submit monthly compliance reports on EMP implementation (xi) Act promptly on public complaints and grievances related to construction work and redress

in a timely manner in coordination with GVMC (xii) Comply with applicable government rules and regulations (xiii) Site clean-up and restoration D. Monitoring and Reporting

134. Prior to commencement of the works, the contractor will submit a compliance report to GVMC that all identified pre-construction mitigation measures as detailed in the EMP are undertaken. Contractor should confirm that the EHS supervisor is mobilized. GVMC with the assistance of the PMSC will review the report and permit commencement of works. 135. During construction, results from internal monitoring by the contractor will be reflected in their monthly EMP implementation reports to the GVMC. GVMC will review and advise contractors for corrective actions if necessary. A Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report summarizing compliance and corrective measures taken, will be prepared by PMC and submitted to GVMC. PMU will submit to ADB the semi-annual (6-monthly) EMR. Once concurrence from the ADB is received the report will be disclosed on the GVMC / PMU website.

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136. ADB will review project performance against the commitments as agreed in the legal documents. The extent of ADB’s monitoring and supervision activities will be commensurate with the project’s risks and impacts. Monitoring and supervising of social and environmental safeguards will be integrated into the project performance management system

E. EMP Implementation Cost

137. Most of the mitigation measures require the contractors to adopt good site practice, which should be part of their normal procedures already, so there are unlikely to be major costs associated with compliance. The costs which are specific to EMP implementation will be included in the contractor costs.

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XI. FIELD BASED ENVIRONMENTAL DUE DILIGENCE

138. This chapter ascertains presence of any residual environmental impacts due to implementation of works on account of changes in sub-project locations and other additional scope, and suggests appropriate, time-bound corrective measures to address those residual environmental impacts. The various aspects that would be considered for such field-based environmental due diligence are elaborated below:

a) Confirmation of EMP in contractor’s contract agreement;

Yes, it is confirmed that EMP is in contractor’s contract agreement.

b) Compliance status during pre-construction, construction and operation stage of the sub-project(s); Pre-construction stage measures. In this sub-project, most of the pre-construction stage measures are implemented. Construction stage measures. The EMP measures for the construction stage are being implemented and complied. Operation stage measures. In this sub-project, the operation stage is yet to commence. Safeguard team at PMU/PIU and the expert/s from PMSC along with support staff at PIU have been mobilized for the implementation of EMP and monitoring of environmental safeguard activities. Application of EMP had commenced as per approved IEE report. Construction works are in progress for this sub-project. PIU and PMSC supervising and monitoring the EMP implementation throughout the project lifecycle, and PMU is overseeing the overall implementation and monitoring of safeguard tasks in the sub-project ensuring compliance. Site verification is conducted by visual observations, using work/site specific checklists. Safeguard staff of PMSC and PIU/PMU conducts site verification regularly till date in the project.

c) Status of statutory permission applicable for the sub-project(s), if any; The project is complying with the national & state environment and labor regulations

d) Status on implementation of environmental mitigation measures, if any, and testing of environmental parameters of ambient air quality and ambient noise levels along the sub-projects as per agreed monitoring plan, if any; The compliance status of environmental mitigation measures implemented and mostly have been complied. During construction - monitoring is being carried out as per Environment Management Plan.

e) Residual environmental impacts, if any with appropriate, time-bound corrective measures; There are no residual environmental impacts, so no time bound action is required

f) Public consultations during project implementation and operation stages;

Public consultation conducted during draft IEE preparation and continues during implementation phase also. (For details Refer Chapter VII).

g) Status of grievances, if any, received due to implementation of the sub-projects;

No grievances related to environmental safeguard has been received till date.

h) Conclusions (clearly stating presence or absence of residual environmental impacts, and the corrective actions proposed thereof) No residual environmental impact is resulted till date by the construction activities under the project.

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XII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

139. The process described in this document has assessed the environmental impacts of all elements of the 3 MWp proposed floating solar power project at Meghadrigedda Reservoir in Visakhapatnam. All potential impacts were identified in relation to pre-construction, construction, and operation phases. Planning principles and design considerations have been reviewed and incorporated into the site planning and design process wherever possible; thus, environmental impacts as being due to the project design or location were not significant. 140. The subproject activities are mainly located in the Reservoir area and there are no nationally protected monuments in the subproject area. 141. During the construction phase, impacts mainly arise from the construction dust and noise; Anticipated impacts during operation and maintenance are minimal. 142. The public participation processes undertaken during project design ensured stakeholders are engaged during the preparation of the IEE. The planned information disclosure measures and process for carrying out consultation with affected people will facilitate their participation during project implementation. 143. The project’s grievance redress mechanism will provide the citizens with a platform to redress of their grievances, and describes the informal and formal channels, time frame, and mechanisms for resolving complaints about environmental performance. 144. The EMP will assist the GVMC, PMSC and the construction contractor in mitigating the environmental impacts and guide them in the environmentally sound execution of the proposed project. 145. A copy of the EMP/approved SEP shall be kept on-site during the construction period at all times. The EMP shall be made binding on all contractors operating on the site and will be included in the contractual clauses. Non-compliance with, or any deviation from, the conditions set out in this document shall constitute a failure in compliance. 146. The subproject will provide Clean and Green energy and benefit in the implementation of climate resilient and GHG reduction technology for power generation. There impacts associated with the subproject implementation are not significant and can be mitigated through adequate mitigation measures during the installation and commissioning phase. 147. This IEE has been updated to incorporate components due to detailed design, by the PMSC to reflect any changes, amendments and will be reviewed and approved by ADB. No additional or residual impacts were identified during field based environmental due diligence. 148. Therefore, as per ADB SPS, the project continues to be classified as environmental category B and does not require further environmental impact assessment.

ANNEXURE I A- Minutes of meeting of consultation with fishermen for the work “developing of 3 MW floating solar energy park at Meghadrigedda reservoir on 7th September 2018 ”

• The Consultation is conducted with Fishermen who are depended on Meghadrigedda Reservoir in the house

of Bangarraju (Local Leader) at jerripothulapalem village located near Meghadrigedda Reservoir. • Total 22 members are attended from the near villages. • The Fishermen said total 400 to 500 families from 10 villages (Jerripothulapalem, Nandavanipalem, Chintala

Agraharam, Pedagadi, Porlupalem, Chintagatla etc.,) are depending on Meghadrigedda reservoir. • They are also raised a doubt that, the project is may be affect their livelihood due to the coverage of reservoir

by the solar panels.

GVMC has cleared that, the project area has covered an area of 0.05 Sq.Km out of the total reservoir area of 5.00 Sq.Km. And also cleared that the Solar panels will inserted on deepest portion area of the reservoir, which area is not covered by fishing activity. Figure: - Public consultation with Fishermen

64

List of Participants attended the consultation.

68

ANNEXURE – 1B : Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is

to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. PROJECT SITING IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

The subproject will have floating solar panels on the MeghadriGedda reservoir in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

▪ PHYSICAL CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE

N The subproject location will not impact any Physical cultural heritage site.

▪ LOCATED IN OR NEAR TO LEGALLY PROTECTED AREA

N There is no legally protected area in the vicinity of the subproject. The nearest legally protected area is kambalakonda wildlife sanctuary, which is at 23 km from the proposed site.

▪ LOCATED IN OR NEAR TO SPECIAL HABITATS FOR BIODIVERSITY (MODIFIED OR NATURAL HABITATS)

Y The subproject will be implemented on the surface of the reservoir. The area has biodiversity in the form of flora and fauna which will not be impacted due to the subproject activity during construction or operation phases.

▪ WETLAND

N The site is not on a wetland.

▪ MANGROVE

N There are no mangroves adjacent to the site.

▪ ESTUARINE

N There are no estuaries close to the site.

▪ OFFSHORE (MARINE)

N This is not an offshore/marine site.

INDIA – VCICDP Tranche-II, 3MWp floating solar power project, VIZAG

SAUW - SARD

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

▪ large scale land disturbance and land use impacts especially due to diversion of productive lands?

N No land is impacted due to subproject activity. Pre-fabricated solar panels will be placed on the surface of the reservoir.

▪ involuntary resettlement of people? (physical displacement and/or economic displacement)

N Not applicable to the subproject.

▪ disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

N Not applicable for this subproject.

▪ noise, vibration and dust from construction activities?

Y Short term impact during transportation, temporary storage and placement of solar panels on the water surface is envisaged.

▪ an increase in local traffic during construction?

Y Short term impact on local traffic will be there.

▪ environmental disturbances such as soil erosion, land contamination, water quality deterioration, air pollution, noise and vibrations during construction phase?

Y Short term impact on land, water and air is expected during the construction activity.

• aesthetic degradation and property value loss due to establishment of plant and ancillary facilities?

N Not anticipated as no local activity at site will be there.

▪ changes in flow regimes of the water intake from surface water or underground wells due to abstraction for cooling purposes?

N Not applicable to the subproject.

▪ pollution of water bodies and aquatic ecosystem from wastewater treatment plant, from cooling towers, and wash-water during operation?

Y No such impact is anticipated during the operation phase.

▪ a threat to bird or bat life from colliding with the project facilities and/or being burned by concentrated solar rays?

N Not anticipated. The solar panels will be placed at the water surface where presence of birds/bats is not there. The transmission tower that will evacuate power will also be at a short height, where the birds/bats are not expected. Suitable measures for mitigation in case of such situation will be included in the EMP.

▪ industrial liquid (dielectric fluids, cleaning agents, and solvents) and solid wastes (lubricating oils, compressor oils, and hydraulic fluids) generated during construction and operations likely to pollute land and water resources?

Y Short term impact on the reservoir water is expected during the construction phase.

▪ Soil/water contamination due to use of hazardous materials or disposal of broken or damaged solar cells (photovoltaic technologies contain small amounts of cadmium, selenium and arsenic ) during installation, operation and decommissioning?

Y Short term impact is expected during the implementation and de-commissioning phase.

▪ noise disturbance during operation due to the proximity of settlements or other features?

Y The nearest settlement is 3 kms. Away and noise impact during transportation and construction is expected to be minimal. Suitable measures to avoid such impacts will be included in the EMP.

▪ visual impacts due to reflection from solar collector arrays resulting in glint or glare?

N Not applicable as the nearest settlement is 3 kms. Away and the reservoir is surrounded by tree cover at 3 sides.

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Screening Questions Yes No Remarks ▪ large population influx during project construction and

operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

N Not applicable. Local workers will be employed during construction. Only 3-4 people will be employed during operation phase.

▪ social conflicts between local laborers and those from outside the area?

N Not applicable as mentioned above.

▪ risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during construction, installation, operation, and decommission?

Y Occupational health and safety impacts will be there during construction and installation activity. Suitable measures will be outlined in the EMP.

▪ risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials and wastes such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction, and operation?

N Not applicable.

▪ community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

N Not applicable.

A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title: Sector : Subsector: Division/Department:

Screening Questions Score Remarks9

Location and Design of project

Is siting and/or routing of the project (or its components) likely to be affected by climate conditions including extreme weather related events such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides?

1

Would the project design (e.g. the clearance for bridges) need to consider any hydro-meteorological parameters (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable water level, peak wind speed etc)?

2

Materials and Maintenance

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions (e.g. prevailing humidity level, temperature contrast between hot summer days and cold winter days, exposure to wind and humidity hydro-meteorological parameters likely affect the selection of project inputs over the life of project outputs (e.g. construction material)?

1

Would weather, current and likely future climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the maintenance (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) ?

2

Performance of project outputs

Would weather/climate conditions, and related extreme events likely affect the performance (e.g. annual power production) of project output(s) (e.g. hydro-power generation facilities) throughout their design life time?

2

Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below:

Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): HIGH

Other Comments: Visakhapatnam is a cyclone prone area and adequate precautions in design and installation of the floating power plant will be required to ensure that any risk to the power plant is avoided / minimized during such events. Prepared by: ________________

9 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards

for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs.

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ANNEXURE – 2 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

SL NO:

Pollutants Time weighted average

Concentration in ambient air Method of measurement

Industrial, Residential, Rural & Other Areas

Ecologically Sensitive Areas

1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) µg/m3

Annual 24 hours

50 80

20 80

Improved West and Geake-Ultraviolet fluorescence

2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) µg/m3

Annual 24 hours

40 80

30 80

Modified Jacob &Hochheiser (Na-Arsenite) Chemiluminescence

3 Particulate Matter (Size less than 10 µm) or PM10 µg/m3

Annual 24 hours

60 100

60 100

Gravimetric -TOEM -Beta attenuation

4 Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5 µm) or PM2.5 µg/m3

Annual 24 hours

40 60

40 60

Gravimetric -TOEM -Beta attenuation

5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m3

8 hours 1 hours

02 04

02 04

Non Dispersive Infra Red (NDIR) Spectroscopy

ANNEXURE – 3 : VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION NORMS

1. Passenger Cars Norms CO( g/km) HC+ NOx(g/km) 1991Norms 14.3-27.1 2.0(Only HC) 1996 Norms 8.68-12.40 3.00-4.36 1998Norms 4.34-6.20 1.50-2.18 India stage 2000 norms 2.72 0.97 Bharat stage-II 2.2 0.5 Bharat Stage-III 2.3 0.35 (combined) Bharat Stage-IV 1.0 0.18 (combined)

2. Heavy Diesel Vehicles Norms CO( g/kmhr) HC (g/kmhr) NOx (g/kmhr) PM(g/kmhr) 1991Norms 14 3.5 18 - 1996 Norms 11.2 2.4 14.4 - India stage 2000 norms 4.5 1.1 8.0 0.36 Bharat stage-II 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15 Bharat Stage-III 2.1 1.6 5.0 0.10 Bharat Stage-IV 1.5 0.96 3.5 0.02

Source: Central Pollution Control Board CO = Carbon Monixide; g/kmhr = grams per kilometer-hour; HC = Hydrocarbons; NOx = oxides of nitrogen; PM = Particulates Matter

74

ANNEXURE – 4 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS IN RESPECT OF NOISE

Area code Category of area/zone Limit in dB (A)

Day time Night time A Industrial area 75 70 B Commercial area 65 55 C Residential area 55 45 D Silence zone 50 40

APPENDIX – 5

PUBLIC CONSULTATION: Jerripothulapalem Meeting Attendance Sheet

Participants in the consultations

ANNEXURE – 6 : SALIENT FEATURES OF MAJOR LABOR LAWS APPLICABLE TO ESTABLISHMENTS ENGAGED IN CONSTRUCTION OF BOD WORKS

(this list is indicative only; contractor should check all applicable laws that are in force during contractor period) (i) Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 - The Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment. (ii) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 - Gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years’ service or more or on death at the rate of 15 days wages for every completed year of service. The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more employees. (iii) Employees’ PF and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 - The Act provides for monthly contributions by the employer plus workers @10 % or 8.33 %. The benefits payable under the Act are: (a) Pension or family pension on retirement or death as the case may be; (b) deposit linked insurance on the death in harness of the worker; (c) payment of PF accumulation on retirement/death etc. (iv) Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 - The Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women employees in case of confinement or miscarriage etc. (v) Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 - The Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the Contractor to contract labor and in case the Contractor fails to provide, the same are required to be provided by the Principal Employer by Law. The principal employer is required to take Certificate of Registration and the Contractor is required to take a License from the designated Officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or Contractor of principal employer if they employ 20 or more contract labor. (vi) Minimum Wages Act, 1948 - The employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum Wages fixed by appropriate Government as per provisions of the Act if the employment is a scheduled employment. Construction of Buildings, Roads, Runways are scheduled employment. (vii) Payment of Wages Act, 1936 - It lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers. (viii) Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 - The Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees in the matters of transfers, training and promotions etc. (ix) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 - The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 20 or more workmen. The Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a minimum of 8.33 % of wages and maximum of 20 % of wages to employees drawing Rs. 3,500/- per month or less. The bonus to be paid to employees getting Rs. 2,500/- per month or above up to Rs.3,500/- per month shall be worked out by taking wages as Rs.2,500/- per month only. The Act does not apply to certain establishments. The newly set up establishments are exempted for five years in certain circumstances. Some of the State Governments have reduced the employment size from 20 to 10 for the purpose of applicability of the Act. (x) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - The Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment. (xi) Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 - It is applicable to all establishments employing 100 or more workmen (employment size reduced by some of the States and Central Government to 50). The Act provides for laying down rules governing the conditions of employment by the employer on matters provided in the Act and get the same certified by the designated Authority. (xii) Trade Unions Act, 1926 - The Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of workmen and employees. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain immunities from BOD and criminal liabilities.

(xiii) Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 - The Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labor is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry. (xiv) Inter-State Migrant Workmen's (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 - The Act is applicable to an establishment which employs 5 or more inter-state migrant workmen through an intermediary (who has recruited workmen in one state for employment in the establishment situated in another state). The inter-state migrant workmen, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home up to the establishment and back, etc (xv) The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 - All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and employ 10 or more workers are covered under this Act. All such establishments are required to pay Cess at rate not exceeding 2% of the cost of construction as may be notified by the Government. The employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc. The employer to whom the Act applies has to obtain a registration certificate from the Registering Officer appointed by the Government.

Proximity report generated by theIntegrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool

Site name meghadrigedda Reservoir Vishakhapatnam India

Latitude/Longitude 17o 45' 59" North, 83o 11' 0" East

Date generated 22nd February 2018

Generated by asiandb

Company ADB

1 / 33

About this reportThis report presents the results of a proximity analysis to identify the biodiversity features andspecies which are located within 1 km, 5 km and 10 km.

Data used to generate this reportIUCN and UNEP-WCMC, 2017. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) [On-line], January2017.

BirdLife International (on behalf of the KBA Partnership), 2016. Key Biodiversity Areas: December2016 version.

IUCN, 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species grid analysis of range maps. Version 2016.3(December).

LimitationsThis report provides an indication of the potential biodiversity-related features - protected areas,key biodiversity areas and species - close to the specified location. It provides an early indication ofpotential biodiversity concerns, and can provide valuable guidance in making decisions. Forexample, this information can be helpful when assessing the potential environmental risk andimpact of a site, categorising investments/projects, preparing the terms of reference for an impactassessment, focusing attention on key species of conservation concern and sites of knownconservation value, and reviewing the results of an impact assessment.

The report does not provide details of potential indirect, downstream or cumulative impacts.Furthermore, the report should be regarded as a “ first-step”, providing a set of conservation valuessourced from global data sets, and is not a substitute for further investigation and due diligence,especially concerning national and/or local conservation priorities.

For ultimate accuracy, distance calculations are performed by reprojecting the spatial data (asshown through the map viewer) to an equal distance projection, and so may not match preciselythe results shown on the map.

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Protected Areas and Key Biodiversity AreasThe following sites are found within the selected buffer distances:

Features within 1 km

There are no features within 1 km.





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IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIESGiven suitable habitat, the following species are potentially found close to the area of interest:

Taxonomic group Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Red List category

Amphibians Duttaphrynus melanostictus Black-spectacled Toad LC

Amphibians Duttaphrynus scaber LC

Amphibians Duttaphrynus stomaticus LC

Amphibians Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis LC

Amphibians Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian Green Frog LC

Amphibians Fejervarya limnocharis Asian Grass Frog LC

Amphibians Hoplobatrachus crassus Jerdon's Bullfrog LC

Amphibians Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian Bullfrog LC

Amphibians Hydrophylax malabaricus LC

Amphibians Microhyla ornata Ant Frog LC

Amphibians Polypedates maculatus Himalayan Tree Frog LC

Amphibians Sphaerotheca breviceps LC

Amphibians Sphaerotheca dobsonii LC

Amphibians Sphaerotheca rolandae LC

Amphibians Uperodon globulosus LC

Amphibians Uperodon systoma Marbled Balloon Frog LC

Amphibians Uperodon taprobanicus Sri Lankan Bullfrog LC

Birds Accipiter badius Shikra LC

Birds Acridotheres fuscus Jungle Myna LC

Birds Acridotheres tristis Common Myna LC

Birds Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed-warbler LC

Birds Acrocephalus stentoreus Clamorous Reed-warbler LC

Birds Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper LC

Birds Aegithina tiphia Common Iora LC

Birds Aethopyga siparaja Crimson Sunbird LC

Birds Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark LC

Birds Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher LC

Birds Alcedo meninting Blue-eared Kingfisher LC

Birds Alcippe poioicephala Brown-cheeked Fulvetta LC

Birds Amandava amandava Red Avadavat LC

Birds Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted Waterhen LC

Birds Anas crecca Common Teal LC

Birds Anas poecilorhyncha Indian Spot-billed Duck LC

Birds Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill LC

Birds Anhinga melanogaster Oriental Darter NT

Birds Anthracoceros albirostris Oriental Pied Hornbill LC

Birds Anthracoceros coronatus Malabar Pied Hornbill NT

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Birds Anthus godlewskii Blyth's Pipit LC

Birds Anthus richardi Richard's Pipit LC

Birds Anthus rufulus Paddyfield Pipit LC

Birds Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle LC

Birds Ardea alba Great White Egret LC

Birds Ardea cinerea Grey Heron LC

Birds Ardea intermedia Intermediate Egret LC

Birds Ardea purpurea Purple Heron LC

Birds Ardeola grayii Indian Pond-heron LC

Birds Artamus fuscus Ashy Woodswallow LC

Birds Arundinax aedon Thick-billed Warbler LC

Birds Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl LC

Birds Athene brama Spotted Owlet LC

Birds Aythya ferina Common Pochard VU

Birds Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck LC

Birds Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Duck NT

Birds Bubo bengalensis Rock Eagle-owl LC

Birds Bubo coromandus Dusky Eagle-owl LC

Birds Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret LC

Birds Burhinus indicus Indian Thick-knee LC

Birds Butastur teesa White-eyed Buzzard LC

Birds Butorides striata Green-backed Heron LC

Birds Cacomantis merulinus Plaintive Cuckoo LC

Birds Cacomantis passerinus Grey-bellied Cuckoo LC

Birds Cacomantis sonneratii Banded Bay Cuckoo LC

Birds Calandrella dukhunensis Eastern Short-toed Lark LC

Birds Calidris alba Sanderling LC

Birds Calidris minuta Little Stint LC

Birds Calidris pugnax Ruff LC

Birds Calidris ruficollis Red-necked Stint NT

Birds Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint LC

Birds Calliope calliope Siberian Rubythroat LC

Birds Caprimulgus affinis Savanna Nightjar LC

Birds Caprimulgus asiaticus Indian Nightjar LC

Birds Caprimulgus indicus Jungle Nightjar LC

Birds Carpodacus erythrinus Common Rosefinch LC

Birds Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Swallow LC

Birds Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal LC

Birds Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher LC

Birds Chaetornis striata Bristled Grassbird VU

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Birds Chalcophaps indica Grey-capped Emerald Dove LC

Birds Charadrius alexandrinus Kentish Plover LC

Birds Charadrius dubius Little Ringed Plover LC

Birds Charadrius mongolus Lesser Sandplover LC

Birds Chlidonias hybrida Whiskered Tern LC

Birds Chloropsis jerdoni Jerdon's Leafbird LC

Birds Chrysocolaptes festivus White-naped Woodpecker LC

Birds Ciconia ciconia White Stork LC

Birds Cinnyris asiaticus Purple Sunbird LC

Birds Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake-eagle LC

Birds Circus aeruginosus Western Marsh-harrier LC

Birds Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier NT

Birds Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola LC

Birds Clamator coromandus Chestnut-winged Cuckoo LC

Birds Clamator jacobinus Jacobin Cuckoo LC

Birds Columba livia Rock Dove LC

Birds Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie-robin LC

Birds Coracias affinis Indochinese Roller LC

Birds Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller LC

Birds Coracina macei Indian Cuckoo-shrike LC

Birds Corvus macrorhynchos Large-billed Crow LC

Birds Corvus splendens House Crow LC

Birds Coturnix coromandelica Rain Quail LC

Birds Coturnix coturnix Common Quail LC

Birds Cuculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo LC

Birds Cuculus poliocephalus Lesser Cuckoo LC

Birds Culicicapa ceylonensis Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher LC

Birds Cyanecula svecica Bluethroat LC

Birds Cyornis poliogenys Pale-chinned Flycatcher LC

Birds Cyornis rubeculoides Blue-throated Blue-flycatcher LC

Birds Cyornis tickelliae Tickell's Blue-flycatcher LC

Birds Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm-swift LC

Birds Dendrocitta formosae Grey Treepie LC

Birds Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous Treepie LC

Birds Dendrocopos macei Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker LC

Birds Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling-duck LC

Birds Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling-duck LC

Birds Dicaeum agile Thick-billed Flowerpecker LC

Birds Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Pale-billed Flowerpecker LC

Birds Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo LC

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Birds Dicrurus caerulescens White-bellied Drongo LC

Birds Dicrurus hottentottus Hair-crested Drongo LC

Birds Dicrurus leucophaeus Ashy Drongo LC

Birds Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo LC

Birds Dicrurus paradiseus Greater Racquet-tailed Drongo LC

Birds Dumetia hyperythra Tawny-bellied Babbler LC

Birds Egretta garzetta Little Egret LC

Birds Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite LC

Birds Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Black-necked Stork NT

Birds Eremopterix griseus Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark LC

Birds Eudynamys scolopaceus Western Koel LC

Birds Eumyias thalassinus Verditer Flycatcher LC

Birds Falco amurensis Amur Falcon LC

Birds Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon LC

Birds Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel LC

Birds Francolinus pictus Painted Francolin LC

Birds Francolinus pondicerianus Grey Francolin LC

Birds Fregetta tropica Black-bellied Storm-petrel LC

Birds Fulica atra Common Coot LC

Birds Gallicrex cinerea Watercock LC

Birds Gallinago stenura Pintail Snipe LC

Birds Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen LC

Birds Galloperdix lunulata Painted Spurfowl LC

Birds Gallus gallus Red Junglefowl LC

Birds Geokichla citrina Orange-headed Thrush LC

Birds Glaucidium radiatum Jungle Owlet LC

Birds Gracupica contra Asian Pied Starling LC

Birds Gymnoris xanthocollis Chestnut-shouldered Bush-sparrowLC

Birds Gyps bengalensis White-rumped Vulture CR

Birds Gyps indicus Indian Vulture CR

Birds Halcyon pileata Black-capped Kingfisher LC

Birds Halcyon smyrnensis White-breasted Kingfisher LC

Birds Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-eagle LC

Birds Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite LC

Birds Harpactes fasciatus Malabar Trogon LC

Birds Hemiprocne coronata Crested Treeswift LC

Birds Hemipus picatus Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike LC

Birds Hierococcyx sparverioides Large Hawk-cuckoo LC

Birds Hierococcyx varius Common Hawk-cuckoo LC

Birds Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt LC

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Birds Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow LC

Birds Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow LC

Birds Hydrobates monorhis Swinhoe's Storm-petrel NT

Birds Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana LC

Birds Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern LC

Birds Hypothymis azurea Black-naped Monarch LC

Birds Ictinaetus malaiensis Black Eagle LC

Birds Iduna caligata Booted Warbler LC

Birds Irena puella Asian Fairy-bluebird LC

Birds Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Cinnamon Bittern LC

Birds Ixobrychus flavicollis Black Bittern LC

Birds Jynx torquilla Eurasian Wryneck LC

Birds Ketupa zeylonensis Brown Fish-owl LC

Birds Kittacincla malabarica White-rumped Shama LC

Birds Lalage melanoptera Black-headed Cuckoo-shrike LC

Birds Lanius cristatus Brown Shrike LC

Birds Lanius schach Long-tailed Shrike LC

Birds Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike LC

Birds Larus brunnicephalus Brown-headed Gull LC

Birds Larus ichthyaetus Pallas's Gull LC

Birds Larvivora brunnea Indian Blue Robin LC

Birds Leptocoma zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird LC

Birds Lewinia striata Slaty-breasted Rail LC

Birds Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit NT

Birds Lonchura punctulata Scaly-breasted Munia LC

Birds Lonchura striata White-rumped Munia LC

Birds Loriculus vernalis Vernal Hanging-parrot LC

Birds Machlolophus xanthogenys Black-lored Tit LC

Birds Malacocincla abbotti Abbott's Babbler LC

Birds Merops orientalis Asian Green Bee-eater LC

Birds Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee-eater LC

Birds Metopidius indicus Bronze-winged Jacana LC

Birds Microcarbo niger Little Cormorant LC

Birds Micropternus brachyurus Rufous Woodpecker LC

Birds Milvus migrans Black Kite LC

Birds Mirafra affinis Jerdon's Bushlark LC

Birds Mixornis gularis Pin-striped Tit-babbler LC

Birds Monticola cinclorhyncha Blue-capped Rock-thrush LC

Birds Monticola solitarius Blue Rock-thrush LC

Birds Motacilla alba White Wagtail LC

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Birds Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail LC

Birds Motacilla citreola Citrine Wagtail LC

Birds Motacilla flava Western Yellow Wagtail LC

Birds Motacilla maderaspatensis White-browed Wagtail LC

Birds Muscicapa dauurica Asian Brown Flycatcher LC

Birds Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork NT

Birds Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture EN

Birds Numenius arquata Eurasian Curlew NT

Birds Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel LC

Birds Nycticorax nycticorax Black-Crowned Night Heron LC

Birds Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm-petrel LC

Birds Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole LC

Birds Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird LC

Birds Otus bakkamoena Indian Scops-owl LC

Birds Otus scops Eurasian Scops-owl LC

Birds Pandion haliaetus Osprey LC

Birds Parus major Great Tit LC

Birds Passer domesticus House Sparrow LC

Birds Pastor roseus Rosy Starling LC

Birds Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl LC

Birds Pelargopsis capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher LC

Birds Pelecanus philippensis Spot-billed Pelican NT

Birds Pellorneum ruficeps Puff-throated Babbler LC

Birds Perdicula asiatica Jungle Bush-quail LC

Birds Perdicula erythrorhyncha Painted Bush-quail LC

Birds Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet LC

Birds Pericrocotus ethologus Long-tailed Minivet LC

Birds Pericrocotus flammeus Scarlet Minivet LC

Birds Pernis ptilorhynchus Oriental Honey-buzzard LC

Birds Phaenicophaeus tristis Green-billed Malkoha LC

Birds Phaenicophaeus viridirostris Blue-faced Malkoha LC

Birds Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant LC

Birds Phoenicopterus roseus Greater Flamingo LC

Birds Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart LC

Birds Phylloscopus affinis Tickell's Leaf-warbler LC

Birds Phylloscopus burkii Green-crowned Warbler LC

Birds Phylloscopus griseolus Sulphur-bellied Warbler LC

Birds Phylloscopus humei Hume's Leaf-warbler LC

Birds Phylloscopus occipitalis Western Crowned Leaf-warbler LC

Birds Phylloscopus trochiloides Greenish Warbler LC

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Birds Picoides nanus Indian Pygmy Woodpecker LC

Birds Picus chlorolophus Lesser Yellownape LC

Birds Pitta brachyura Indian Pitta LC

Birds Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver LC

Birds Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover LC

Birds Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe LC

Birds Pomatorhinus horsfieldii Indian Scimitar-babbler LC

Birds Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen LC

Birds Prinia hodgsonii Grey-breasted Prinia LC

Birds Prinia inornata Plain Prinia LC

Birds Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia LC

Birds Prinia sylvatica Jungle Prinia LC

Birds Psilopogon haemacephalus Coppersmith Barbet LC

Birds Psilopogon zeylanicus Brown-headed Barbet LC

Birds Psittacula cyanocephala Plum-headed Parakeet LC

Birds Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet NT

Birds Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet LC

Birds Ptyonoprogne concolor Dusky Crag Martin LC

Birds Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul LC

Birds Pycnonotus flaviventris Black-crested Bulbul LC

Birds Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul LC

Birds Pycnonotus luteolus White-browed Bulbul LC

Birds Rallina eurizonoides Slaty-legged Crake LC

Birds Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet LC

Birds Rhipidura albicollis White-throated Fantail LC

Birds Rhipidura aureola White-browed Fantail LC

Birds Sarkidiornis melanotos African Comb Duck LC

Birds Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat LC

Birds Saxicoloides fulicatus Indian Robin LC

Birds Sitta frontalis Velvet-fronted Nuthatch LC

Birds Spatula clypeata Northern Shoveler LC

Birds Spatula querquedula Garganey LC

Birds Spilopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove LC

Birds Spilopelia suratensis Western Spotted Dove LC

Birds Sterna acuticauda Black-bellied Tern EN

Birds Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared-dove LC

Birds Strix leptogrammica Brown Wood-owl LC

Birds Strix ocellata Mottled Wood-owl LC

Birds Sturnia malabarica Chestnut-tailed Starling LC

Birds Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy Starling LC

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Birds Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat LC

Birds Sypheotides indicus Lesser Florican EN

Birds Taccocua leschenaultii Sirkeer Malkoha LC

Birds Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe LC

Birds Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy Shelduck LC

Birds Tephrodornis pondicerianus Common Wood-shrike LC

Birds Tephrodornis virgatus Large Wood-shrike LC

Birds Terpsiphone paradisi Indian Paradise-flycatcher LC

Birds Thalasseus bengalensis Lesser Crested Tern LC

Birds Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis NT

Birds Treron bicinctus Orange-breasted Green-pigeon LC

Birds Treron phoenicopterus Yellow-footed Green-pigeon LC

Birds Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank LC

Birds Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper LC

Birds Tringa nebularia Common Greenshank LC

Birds Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper LC

Birds Tringa totanus Common Redshank LC

Birds Turdoides striata Jungle Babbler LC

Birds Turdus unicolor Tickell's Thrush LC

Birds Turnix suscitator Barred Buttonquail LC

Birds Turnix sylvaticus Common Buttonquail LC

Birds Turnix tanki Yellow-legged Buttonquail LC

Birds Tyto alba Common Barn-owl LC

Birds Upupa epops Common Hoopoe LC

Birds Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing LC

Birds Vanellus malabaricus Yellow-wattled Lapwing LC

Birds Zapornia akool Brown Crake LC

Birds Zosterops palpebrosus Oriental White-eye LC

Fishes Ablennes hians Flat Needlefish LC

Fishes Acanthopagrus berda Picnic Seabream LC

Fishes Acanthopagrus longispinnis Bengal Yellowfin Seabream DD

Fishes Acanthurus lineatus Lined Surgeonfish LC

Fishes Acanthurus mata Elongate Surgeonfish LC

Fishes Acanthurus triostegus Convict Surgeonfish LC

Fishes Acentronura tentaculata Shortpouch Pygmy Pipehorse LC

Fishes Aesopia cornuta Unicorn Sole LC

Fishes Aetobatus flagellum Longheaded Eagle Ray EN

Fishes Aetobatus narinari Spotted Eagle Ray NT

Fishes Aetobatus ocellatus Ocellated Eagle Ray VU

Fishes Aetomylaeus maculatus Mottled Eagle Ray EN

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Fishes Aetomylaeus nichofii Banded Eagle Ray VU

Fishes Albula oligolepis Smallscale Bonefish DD

Fishes Alectis ciliaris African Pompano LC

Fishes Alepes vari Herring Scad LC

Fishes Alepisaurus ferox Long Snouted Lancetfish LC

Fishes Alopias pelagicus Pelagic Thresher VU

Fishes Alopias superciliosus Bigeye Thresher Shark VU

Fishes Alopias vulpinus Common Thresher Shark VU

Fishes Ambassis gymnocephalus Bald Glassy Perchlet LC

Fishes Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker's Glass Perchlet LC

Fishes Amblyeleotris wheeleri Gorgeous Prawn-goby LC

Fishes Amblypharyngodon microlepis Indian Carplet LC

Fishes Anacanthus barbatus Bearded Leatherjacket LC

Fishes Anguilla bengalensis Indian Mottled Eel NT

Fishes Anguilla bicolor Shortfin Eel NT

Fishes Anguilla marmorata Marbled Eel LC

Fishes Anoplogaster cornuta Common Fangtooth LC

Fishes Anoxypristis cuspidata Narrow Sawfish EN

Fishes Antennatus nummifer Big-spot Angler LC

Fishes Aphareus furca Small-toothed Jobfish LC

Fishes Aphareus rutilans Rusty Jobfish LC

Fishes Aplocheilus lineatus Striped panchax LC

Fishes Aprion virescens Green Jobfish LC

Fishes Argyropelecus hemigymnus Half-naked Hatchetfish LC

Fishes Argyrops spinifer King Soldier Bream LC

Fishes Aristostomias lunifer LC

Fishes Arius arius Threadfin Sea Catfish LC

Fishes Arnoglossus macrolophus Large-crested Lefteye Flounder LC

Fishes Arothron leopardus Banded Leopardblowfish DD

Fishes Atelomycterus marmoratus Coral Catshark NT

Fishes Aurigequula fasciata Threadfin Ponyfish LC

Fishes Auxis rochei Bullet Tuna LC

Fishes Auxis thazard Frigate Tuna LC

Fishes Avocettina infans Avocet Snipe Eel LC

Fishes Awaous grammepomus Scribbled Goby LC

Fishes Awaous melanocephalus Largesnout Goby DD

Fishes Bagarius yarrelli NT

Fishes Bahaba chaptis Chaptis Bahaba DD

Fishes Balistes rotundatus LC

Fishes Bangana ariza Ariza Labeo LC

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Fishes Bathygobius fuscus Brown Frillfin LC

Fishes Bathyuroconger vicinus Large-toothed Conger LC

Fishes Benthalbella infans Zugmayer's Pearleye LC

Fishes Benthosema pterotum Skinnycheek Lanternfish LC

Fishes Beryx splendens Splendid Alfonsino LC

Fishes Bostrychus sinensis Four-eyed Sleeper LC

Fishes Bothus pantherinus Leopard Flounder LC

Fishes Brachirus pan Pan Sole LC

Fishes Brachypleura novaezeelandiae Yellow-dappled Flounder LC

Fishes Bregmaceros nectabanus LC

Fishes Brevitrygon imbricata Scaly Whipray DD

Fishes Callionymus sagitta Arrow-headed Darter Dragonet LC

Fishes Canthigaster petersii LC

Fishes Caranx sexfasciatus Bigeye Trevally LC

Fishes Carcharhinus albimarginatus Silvertip Shark VU

Fishes Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides Graceful Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus amboinensis Pigeye Shark DD

Fishes Carcharhinus brevipinna Spinner Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus dussumieri Widemouth Blackspot Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus falciformis Silky Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus hemiodon Pondicherry Shark CR

Fishes Carcharhinus limbatus Blacktip Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus longimanus Oceanic Whitetip Shark VU

Fishes Carcharhinus macloti Hardnose Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus melanopterus Blacktip Reef Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus sealei Blackspot Shark NT

Fishes Carcharhinus sorrah Spottail Shark NT

Fishes Carcharodon carcharias Great White Shark VU

Fishes Caulophryne jordani Fanfin Angler LC

Fishes Centriscus scutatus Grooved Razorfish LC

Fishes Centropyge fisheri Hawaiian Flame Angelfish LC

Fishes Cephalopholis formosa Bluelined Hind LC

Fishes Ceratias holboelli Deepsea Angler LC

Fishes Chaenogaleus macrostoma Hooktooth Shark VU

Fishes Chaenophryne ramifera LC

Fishes Chaetodon andamanensis Yellow Butterflyfish DD

Fishes Chaetodon auriga Threadfin Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon collare Red-tailed Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon decussatus Indian vagabond Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon lunula Redstriped Butterflyfish LC

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Fishes Chaetodon octofasciatus Eight-striped Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon rafflesii Raffle's Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon semeion Decorated Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon triangulum Herringbone Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Chaetodon vagabundus Criss-cross Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Channa gachua Dwarf Snakehead LC

Fishes Channa marulius LC

Fishes Chascanopsetta lugubris Pelican flounder LC

Fishes Chauliodus sloani Sloane's Viperfish LC

Fishes Chelon macrolepis Largescale Mullet LC

Fishes Chelon melinopterus Otomebora Mullet LC

Fishes Chelonodon patoca Milkspotted Puffer LC

Fishes Chiloscyllium griseum Grey Bamboo Shark NT

Fishes Chiloscyllium indicum Ridgebacked Bamboo Shark NT

Fishes Chiloscyllium plagiosum Whitespotted Bamboo Shark NT

Fishes Chiloscyllium punctatum Grey Carpetshark NT

Fishes Chlorophthalmus agassizi Agassiz's Thread-sail Fish LC

Fishes Chrysiptera unimaculata One-spot Demoiselle LC

Fishes Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal LC

Fishes Cirrhinus reba Reba Carp LC

Fishes Cocotropus roseus Velvetfish LC

Fishes Coilia neglecta Neglected Grenadier Anchovy LC

Fishes Cookeolus japonicus Longfinned Bullseye LC

Fishes Coryphaena equiselis Pompano Dolphinfish LC

Fishes Coryphaena hippurus Common Dolphinfish LC

Fishes Cosmocampus investigatoris Investigator Pipefish LC

Fishes Cryptopsaras couesii Triplewart Seadevil LC

Fishes Cubiceps pauciradiatus Bigeye Cigarfish LC

Fishes Cyclothone acclinidens Bent-tooth Bristlemouth LC

Fishes Cyclothone braueri Brauer's Eye-nosed Fish LC

Fishes Cyclothone microdon Small-toothed Portholefish LC

Fishes Cyclothone pallida Bicolored Bristlemouth LC

Fishes Cyclothone pseudopallida Slender Bristlemouth LC

Fishes Desmodema polystictum Polka-dot Ribbonfish LC

Fishes Diaphus splendidus LC

Fishes Diplophos taenia Pacific Portholefish LC

Fishes Diretmus argenteus Silver Spinyfin LC

Fishes Ditropichthys storeri Doublekeeled whalefish DD

Fishes Doryrhamphus excisus Bluestripe Pipefish LC

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Fishes Dysalotus alcocki LC

Fishes Echiostoma barbatum Threadfin Dragonfish LC

Fishes Eleotris fusca Brown Spinecheek Gudgeon LC

Fishes Engyprosopon grandisquama Largescale Flounder LC

Fishes Entomacrodus epalzeocheilos Fringelip Rockskipper LC

Fishes Entomacrodus striatus Blackspotted Rockskipper LC

Fishes Epinephelus bleekeri Duskytail Grouper NT

Fishes Epinephelus coioides Orange-spotted Grouper NT

Fishes Epinephelus erythrurus Cloudy Grouper DD

Fishes Epinephelus lanceolatus Giant Grouper VU

Fishes Esomus danrica Flying barb LC

Fishes Etelis coruscans Deepwater Longtail Red Snapper LC

Fishes Eubleekeria splendens Splendid Ponyfish LC

Fishes Euprotomicrus bispinatus Pygmy Shark LC

Fishes Eusphyra blochii Winghead Shark EN

Fishes Euthynnus affinis Kawakawa LC

Fishes Exocoetus volitans Tropical Two-wing Flyingfish LC

Fishes Exyrias puntang Puntang Goby LC

Fishes Forcipiger flavissimus Big long-nosed Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Galeocerdo cuvier Tiger Shark NT

Fishes Gazza minuta Toothed Ponyfish LC

Fishes Gephyroberyx darwinii Big Roughy LC

Fishes Gigantactis vanhoeffeni DD

Fishes Glaucostegus granulatus Sharpnose Guitarfish VU

Fishes Glaucostegus obtusus Widenose Guitarfish VU

Fishes Glaucostegus typus Giant Shovelnose Ray VU

Fishes Glossogobius giuris Bareye Goby LC

Fishes Glyphis gangeticus Ganges Shark CR

Fishes Grammatobothus polyophthalmus Threespot Flounder LC

Fishes Gymnocaesio gymnoptera Slender Fusilier LC

Fishes Gymnocranius griseus Grey Large-eye Bream LC

Fishes Gymnura poecilura Longtail Butterfly Ray NT

Fishes Gymnura tentaculata Tentacled Butterfly Ray DD

Fishes Gymnura zonura Zonetail Butterfly Ray VU

Fishes Hemigymnus fasciatus Barred thicklip wrasse LC

Fishes Hemigymnus melapterus Blackedge thicklip wrasse LC

Fishes Hemipristis elongata Fossil Shark VU

Fishes Heniochus acuminatus Pennant Coral Fish LC

Fishes Heniochus pleurotaenia Indian Ocean Bannerfish LC

Fishes Himantolophus groenlandicus Atlantic Football-Fish LC

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Fishes Himantura marginata Blackedge Whipray DD

Fishes Himantura uarnak Reticulate Whipray VU

Fishes Hippichthys heptagonus Reticulated Freshwater Pipefish LC

Fishes Hippocampus histrix Spiny Seahorse VU

Fishes Hippocampus kelloggi Great Seahorse VU

Fishes Hippocampus spinosissimus Hedgehog Seahorse VU

Fishes Hippocampus trimaculatus Three-spot Seahorse VU

Fishes Idiacanthus fasciola Ribbon Sawtail Fish LC

Fishes Inegocia japonica Japanese Flathead LC

Fishes Iniistius dea Black-spot tuskfish LC

Fishes Istigobius ornatus Ornate Goby LC

Fishes Istiompax indica Black Marlin DD

Fishes Istiophorus platypterus Sailfish LC

Fishes Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin Mako VU

Fishes Isurus paucus Longfin Mako VU

Fishes Johnius coitor Big-eyed Jewfish LC

Fishes Kajikia audax Striped Marlin NT

Fishes Kali indica LC

Fishes Katsuwonus pelamis Skipjack Tuna LC

Fishes Kuhlia mugil LC

Fishes Kuhlia rupestris Jungle Perch LC

Fishes Kumococius rodericensis Spiny Flathead LC

Fishes Labeo bata Minor Carp LC

Fishes Labeo boggut Boggut labeo LC

Fishes Lagocephalus inermis Smooth Blaasop LC

Fishes Lagocephalus lagocephalus Oceanic Puffer LC

Fishes Lagocephalus lunaris Lunartail Puffer LC

Fishes Lagocephalus sceleratus Silver-cheeked Toadfish LC

Fishes Lagocephalus spadiceus Half-smooth Golden Pufferfish LC

Fishes Lamiopsis temminckii Broadfin Shark EN

Fishes Lamnostoma orientalis Oriental Snake Eel LC

Fishes Lamnostoma polyophthalma Ocellated Sand-eel LC

Fishes Leiognathus equulus Common Ponyfish LC

Fishes Lepidocephalus guntea Peppered Loach LC

Fishes Lepidocephalus thermalis LC

Fishes Liza tade DD

Fishes Loxodon macrorhinus Jordan's Blue Dogshark LC

Fishes Lutjanus johnii John's Snapper LC

Fishes Lutjanus lunulatus Lunartail Snapper LC

Fishes Lutjanus lutjanus Bigeye Snapper LC

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Fishes Maculabatis gerrardi Whitespotted Whipray VU

Fishes Manta birostris Giant Manta Ray VU

Fishes Megachasma pelagios Megamouth Shark LC

Fishes Megalops cyprinoides Indo-Pacific Tarpon DD

Fishes Megatrygon microps Smalleye Stingray DD

Fishes Melanocetus johnsonii Humpback Anglerfish LC

Fishes Melanocetus murrayi LC

Fishes Melanostomias paucilaternatus LC

Fishes Microlophichthys microlophus LC

Fishes Mobula eregoodootenkee Pygmy Devilray NT

Fishes Mobula japanica Spinetail Devil Ray NT

Fishes Mobula kuhlii Shortfin Devil Ray DD

Fishes Mobula tarapacana Chilean Devil Ray VU

Fishes Mobula thurstoni Bentfin Devil Ray NT

Fishes Monopterus albus Rice swampeel LC

Fishes Mugil cephalus Flathead Mullet LC

Fishes Mustelus mosis Arabian Smoothhound DD

Fishes Narcine lingula Chinese Numbfish DD

Fishes Narcine maculata Darkspotted Electric Ray DD

Fishes Narcine timlei DD

Fishes Narke dipterygia Spottail Sleeper Ray DD

Fishes Naso brevirostris Palefin Unicornfish LC

Fishes Naso unicornis Bluespine Unicornfish LC

Fishes Nebrius ferrugineus Tawny Nurse Shark VU

Fishes Negaprion acutidens Sharptooth Lemon Shark VU

Fishes Nemacheilus denisoni LC

Fishes Nematalosa galatheae Galathea Gizzard Shad LC

Fishes Nemichthys scolopaceus Slender Snipe Eel LC

Fishes Nemipterus furcosus Fork-tailed Threadfin Bream LC

Fishes Nemipterus peronii Notchedfin Treadfin Bream LC

Fishes Nemipterus zysron Slender Threadfin Bream LC

Fishes Neoceratias spinifer LC

Fishes Neopomacentrus taeniurus Freshwater Damsel DD

Fishes Neotropius atherinoides LC

Fishes Neotrygon kuhlii Bluespotted Maskray DD

Fishes Notopterus notopterus LC

Fishes Odontaspis noronhai Bigeye Sand Tiger DD

Fishes Omobranchus ferox Gossamer Blenny LC

Fishes Omobranchus punctatus Japanese Blenny LC

Fishes Omobranchus smithi VU

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Fishes Ompok bimaculatus NT

Fishes Ophiocara porocephala Spangled Gudgeon LC

Fishes Ophisternon bengalense Bengal mudeel LC

Fishes Oreichthys cosuatis LC

Fishes Oryzias dancena Indian ricefish LC

Fishes Osteobrama vigorsii Godavari Osteobrama LC

Fishes Ostorhinchus lateralis Humpback Cardinal LC

Fishes Oxyurichthys microlepis Maned Goby LC

Fishes Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema Eyebrow Goby LC

Fishes Oxyurichthys tentacularis DD

Fishes Paracaesio sordida Dirty Ordure Snapper LC

Fishes Parachaetodon ocellatus Sixspine Butterflyfish LC

Fishes Parachiloglanis hodgarti Torrent Catfish LC

Fishes Paragaleus randalli Slender Weasel Shark NT

Fishes Paralepis elongata Barracudina LC

Fishes Pateobatis jenkinsii Jenkins' Whipray VU

Fishes Pellona ditchela Indian Pellona LC

Fishes Pentherichthys atratus LC

Fishes Photonectes margarita LC

Fishes Photostomias atrox LC

Fishes Pisodonophis boro LC

Fishes Platycephalus indicus Bartail Flathead DD

Fishes Platytroctes apus Legless Searsid LC

Fishes Plectorhinchus gibbosus Brown Sweetlips LC

Fishes Plicofollis dussumieri Blacktip Sea Catfish LC

Fishes Pomacanthus annularis Bluering Angelfish LC

Fishes Pomacanthus imperator Emperor Angelfish LC

Fishes Pomacanthus semicirculatus Semicircle Angelfish LC

Fishes Pomacanthus xanthometopon Yellowface Angelfish LC

Fishes Pomadasys argenteus Silver Javelin LC

Fishes Poromitra megalops Ridgehead DD

Fishes Prionace glauca Blue Shark NT

Fishes Pristipomoides filamentosus Crimson Jobfish LC

Fishes Pristipomoides multidens Goldbanded Jobfish LC

Fishes Pristipomoides sieboldii Lavender Jobfish LC

Fishes Pristipomoides zonatus Oblique-banded Snapper LC

Fishes Pristis clavata Dwarf Sawfish EN

Fishes Pristis pristis Largetooth Sawfish CR

Fishes Pristis zijsron Green Sawfish CR

Fishes Psammogobius biocellatus Sleepy Goby LC

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Fishes Psenes arafurensis Banded Driftfish LC

Fishes Pseudapocryptes elongatus LC

Fishes Pseudocarcharias kamoharai Crocodile Shark NT

Fishes Puntius vittatus LC

Fishes Pygoplites diacanthus Royal Angelfish LC

Fishes Rachycentron canadum Cobia LC

Fishes Rasbora daniconius Slender Barb LC

Fishes Rastrelliger faughni Island Mackerel DD

Fishes Rastrelliger kanagurta Indian Mackerel DD

Fishes Remora brachyptera Spearfish Remora LC

Fishes Rhabdosargus sarba Goldlined Seabream LC

Fishes Rhina ancylostoma Shark Ray VU

Fishes Rhincodon typus Whale Shark EN

Fishes Rhizoprionodon acutus Milk Shark LC

Fishes Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Grey Sharpnose Shark LC

Fishes Rhynchobatus laevis Smoothnose Wedgefish VU

Fishes Rogadius pristiger Thorny Flathead LC

Fishes Rondeletia loricata Redmouth Whalefish LC

Fishes Salmophasia balookee Bloch Razorbelly Minnow LC

Fishes Sarda orientalis Oriental Bonito LC

Fishes Saurida tumbil Greater Lizardfish LC

Fishes Scartella emarginata Maned Blenny LC

Fishes Scarus quoyi Quoy's Parrotfish LC

Fishes Scatophagus argus Spotted Scat LC

Fishes Scoliodon laticaudus Spadenose Shark NT

Fishes Scomberomorus commerson Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel NT

Fishes Scomberomorus guttatus Indo-Pacific King Mackerel DD

Fishes Scomberomorus koreanus Korean Seerfish LC

Fishes Scomberomorus lineolatus Streaked Seerfish LC

Fishes Scopelarchoides danae LC

Fishes Scopelarchus analis Blackbelly Pearleye LC

Fishes Scopeloberyx robustus Longjaw Bigscale DD

Fishes Scorpaenopsis venosa Raggy Scorpionfish LC

Fishes Searsia koefoedi Koefoed's Searsid LC

Fishes Setarches guentheri Deepwater Scorpionfish LC

Fishes Sperata aor Long-whiskered Catfish LC

Fishes Sphyrna lewini Scalloped Hammerhead EN

Fishes Sphyrna mokarran Great Hammerhead EN

Fishes Stegostoma fasciatum Zebra Shark EN

Fishes Sternoptyx diaphana Diaphanous Hatchet Fish LC

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Fishes Sternoptyx pseudobscura Highlight Hatchetfish LC

Fishes Stomias affinis LC

Fishes Stylephorus chordatus Tube-eye LC

Fishes Synagrops japonicus LC

Fishes Synodus oculeus Large-eye Lizardfish LC

Fishes Taaningichthys bathyphilus Deepwater Lanternfish LC

Fishes Taenioides cirratus Whiskered Eel Goby DD

Fishes Taeniura lymma Ribbontailed Stingray NT

Fishes Taeniurops meyeni Blotched Fantail Ray VU

Fishes Takifugu oblongus Lattice Blaasop LC

Fishes Telatrygon zugei Sharpnose Stingray NT

Fishes Tenualosa ilisha Hilsa LC

Fishes Terapon theraps Largescaled Terapon LC

Fishes Tetraodon fluviatilis Green Pufferfish LC

Fishes Tetraroge niger LC

Fishes Thamnaconus melanoproctes Blackvent Filefish DD

Fishes Thryssa gautamiensis Gautama Thryssa DD

Fishes Thryssa mystax Moustached Thryssa LC

Fishes Thunnus albacares Yellowfin Tuna NT

Fishes Thysanophrys celebica Celebes Flathead LC

Fishes Torpedo panthera Leopard Torpedo DD

Fishes Torquigener hypselogeneion Orange-spotted Toadfish LC

Fishes Toxotes jaculatrix Banded Archerfish LC

Fishes Triaenodon obesus Whitetip Reef Shark NT

Fishes Trigonolampa miriceps Threelights Dragonfish LC

Fishes Tylerius spinosissimus Spiny Blaasop LC

Fishes Uraspis helvola Whitetongue Jack LC

Fishes Urogymnus asperrimus Porcupine Ray VU

Fishes Valenciennellus tripunctulatus Constellationfish LC

Fishes Vinciguerria nimbaria Frilled Lighthouse Fish LC

Fishes Wallago attu NT

Fishes Xestochilus nebulosus LC

Fishes Xiphasia setifer Hairtail Blenny LC

Fishes Xiphias gladius Swordfish LC

Fishes Xiphocheilus typus Blue-toothed tuskfish LC

Fishes Zebrasoma desjardinii Indian Sailfin Tang LC

Fishes Zebrasoma scopas Brushtail Tang LC

Fishes Zenarchopterus dispar Feathered River-garfish LC

Fishes Zenarchopterus gilli LC

Fishes Zenopsis conchifer Silvery John Dory LC

20 / 33

Invertebrates Aciagrion occidentale LC

Invertebrates Acisoma panorpoides Grizzled Pintail LC

Invertebrates Acropora irregularis DD

Invertebrates Aethriamanta brevipennis LC

Invertebrates Agriocnemis pygmaea Wandering Midget LC

Invertebrates Allopatides dendroeides DD

Invertebrates Anax ephippiger Vagrant Emperor LC

Invertebrates Anax guttatus Lesser Green Emperor LC

Invertebrates Anax indicus LC

Invertebrates Archibasis oscillans LC

Invertebrates Arctides regalis Royal Spanish Lobster LC

Invertebrates Assiminea woodmasoniana LC

Invertebrates Auriculastra subula LC

Invertebrates Bellamya bengalensis LC

Invertebrates Biarctus sordidus Pygmy Slipper Lobster LC

Invertebrates Bithynia cerameopoma LC

Invertebrates Bithynia pulchella LC

Invertebrates Bohadschia vitiensis Brown Sandfish DD

Invertebrates Brachydiplax sobrina LC

Invertebrates Brachythemis contaminata LC

Invertebrates Bradinopyga geminata LC

Invertebrates Ceriagrion cerinorubellum LC

Invertebrates Ceriagrion coromandelianum LC

Invertebrates Ceriagrion olivaceum LC

Invertebrates Cerithium coralium Coral Cerith LC

Invertebrates Clenchiella microscopica LC

Invertebrates Coeliccia didyma LC

Invertebrates Coeloseris mayeri LC

Invertebrates Conus achatinus LC

Invertebrates Conus acutangulus LC

Invertebrates Conus amadis LC

Invertebrates Conus arenatus Sand-dusted Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus articulatus LC

Invertebrates Conus aulicus LC

Invertebrates Conus bengalensis Bengal Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus betulinus LC

Invertebrates Conus biliosus LC

Invertebrates Conus canonicus LC

Invertebrates Conus capreolus DD

Invertebrates Conus caracteristicus Characteristic Cone LC

21 / 33

Invertebrates Conus catus LC

Invertebrates Conus chaldaeus LC

Invertebrates Conus collisus Stigmatic Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus consors LC

Invertebrates Conus coromandelicus LC

Invertebrates Conus coronatus LC

Invertebrates Conus cumingii Cuming's Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus ebraeus LC

Invertebrates Conus eburneus LC

Invertebrates Conus episcopatus LC

Invertebrates Conus eximius LC

Invertebrates Conus figulinus LC

Invertebrates Conus flavidus Yellow Pacific cone LC

Invertebrates Conus geographus LC

Invertebrates Conus glans LC

Invertebrates Conus hyaena Hyena Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus inscriptus Engraved Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus leopardus LC

Invertebrates Conus litoglyphus LC

Invertebrates Conus litteratus LC

Invertebrates Conus lividus LC

Invertebrates Conus longurionis LC

Invertebrates Conus loroisii LC

Invertebrates Conus malacanus Malacca Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus maldivus Maldive Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus marmoreus Marbled Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus miles LC

Invertebrates Conus miliaris LC

Invertebrates Conus mitratus LC

Invertebrates Conus monile Necklace Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus nussatella LC

Invertebrates Conus obscurus LC

Invertebrates Conus pertusus LC

Invertebrates Conus quercinus LC

Invertebrates Conus rattus LC

Invertebrates Conus recluzianus LC

Invertebrates Conus sponsalis Sponsal Cone LC

Invertebrates Conus striatellus LC

Invertebrates Conus striatus LC

Invertebrates Conus sulcatus LC

22 / 33

Invertebrates Conus suratensis LC

Invertebrates Conus terebra LC

Invertebrates Conus tessulatus LC

Invertebrates Conus textile LC

Invertebrates Conus tulipa LC

Invertebrates Conus vexillum LC

Invertebrates Conus virgo LC

Invertebrates Conus voluminalis LC

Invertebrates Conus zeylanicus LC

Invertebrates Copera marginipes LC

Invertebrates Copera vittata LC

Invertebrates Cratilla lineata LC

Invertebrates Cratilla metallica LC

Invertebrates Diplacodes trivialis LC

Invertebrates Ellobium aurisjudae Judas Ear Cassidula LC

Invertebrates Epophthalmia vittata LC

Invertebrates Ferrissia verruca LC

Invertebrates Fungia cyclolites LC

Invertebrates Fungia fragilis LC

Invertebrates Gabbia orcula LC

Invertebrates Gabbia stenothyroides LC

Invertebrates Gabbia travancorica LC

Invertebrates Gibbularctus gibberosus LC

Invertebrates Gyraulus convexiusculus LC

Invertebrates Heliopora coerulea Blue Coral VU

Invertebrates Holothuria arenicola DD

Invertebrates Holothuria atra Lollyfish LC

Invertebrates Holothuria edulis Pinkfish LC

Invertebrates Holothuria flavomaculata LC

Invertebrates Holothuria fuscocinerea LC

Invertebrates Holothuria fuscogilva VU

Invertebrates Holothuria hilla LC

Invertebrates Holothuria impatiens Bottleneck Sea Cucumber DD

Invertebrates Holothuria inhabilis LC

Invertebrates Holothuria lessoni Golden Sandfish EN

Invertebrates Holothuria leucospilota White Thread Fish LC

Invertebrates Holothuria moebii LC

Invertebrates Holothuria pardalis LC

Invertebrates Holothuria pervicax LC

Invertebrates Holothuria rigida LC

23 / 33

Invertebrates Holothuria scabra Golden Sandfish EN

Invertebrates Holothuria spinifera DD

Invertebrates Indoplanorbis exustus LC

Invertebrates Intha umbilicalis LC

Invertebrates Iravadia rohdei LC

Invertebrates Ischnura senegalensis Tropical Bluetail LC

Invertebrates Labidodemas rugosum LC

Invertebrates Lamellidens corrianus LC

Invertebrates Lestes concinnus Dusky Spreadwing LC

Invertebrates Lestes elatus Emerald Spreadwing LC

Invertebrates Lestes umbrinus DD

Invertebrates Littoraria undulata LC

Invertebrates Lymnaea acuminata LC

Invertebrates Lymnaea biacuminata DD

Invertebrates Lymnaea luteola LC

Invertebrates Lymnaea persica LC

Invertebrates Lyriothemis cleis LC

Invertebrates Mekongia crassa LC

Invertebrates Melampus sincaporensis LC

Invertebrates Melanoides tuberculata LC

Invertebrates Millepora platyphylla Firecoral LC

Invertebrates Millepora tenera LC

Invertebrates Neritina violacea Red-mouth Nerite Snail LC

Invertebrates Neurobasis chinensis LC

Invertebrates Onychargia atrocyana LC

Invertebrates Orthetrum chrysis LC

Invertebrates Orthetrum luzonicum LC

Invertebrates Paelopatides insignis DD

Invertebrates Palinustus waguensis Japanese Blunthorn Lobster LC

Invertebrates Paludomus inflatus DD

Invertebrates Paludomus tanschuaricus LC

Invertebrates Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider LC

Invertebrates Panulirus homarus Scalloped Spiny Lobster LC

Invertebrates Panulirus ornatus Ornate Spiny Lobster LC

Invertebrates Panulirus penicillatus Pronghorn Spiny Lobster LC

Invertebrates Panulirus polyphagus Mud Spiny Lobster LC

Invertebrates Panulirus versicolor Painted Spiny Lobster LC

Invertebrates Parreysia bonneaudi LC

Invertebrates Parreysia corrugata LC

Invertebrates Parreysia favidens LC

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Invertebrates Pearsonothuria graeffei Blackspotted Sea Cucumber LC

Invertebrates Pila virens LC

Invertebrates Pisidium prasongi LC

Invertebrates Polycheles typhlops LC

Invertebrates Polymesoda bengalensis Bengali Geloina LC

Invertebrates Polymesoda expansa Marsh Clam LC

Invertebrates Pomacea lineata LC

Invertebrates Pseudagrion rubriceps LC

Invertebrates Rhinocypha biforata LC

Invertebrates Rhyothemis variegata LC

Invertebrates Sermyla riqueti LC

Invertebrates Stenothyra blanfordiana LC

Invertebrates Stereomastis nana LC

Invertebrates Stereomastis phosphorus Pink Blind Lobster LC

Invertebrates Stichopus chloronotus Greenfish LC

Invertebrates Stichopus herrmanni Curryfish VU

Invertebrates Stichopus horrens Selenka's Sea Cucumber DD

Invertebrates Stichopus monotuberculatus DD

Invertebrates Tarebia granifera LC

Invertebrates Thelenota ananas Prickly Redfish EN

Invertebrates Thelenota anax Amberfish DD

Invertebrates Thenus indicus Mud Bug DD

Invertebrates Thiara rudis LC

Invertebrates Tholymis tillarga Old World Twister LC

Invertebrates Tramea basilaris Keyhole Glider LC

Invertebrates Tramea limbata Ferruginous Glider LC

Invertebrates Trithemis aurora LC

Invertebrates Trithemis kirbyi Orange-winged Dropwing LC

Invertebrates Trithemis pallidinervis Dancing Dropwing LC

Invertebrates Tubipora musica Organ Pipe Coral NT

Invertebrates Urothemis signata LC

Invertebrates Willemoesia leptodactyla LC

Invertebrates Zygonyx torridus Ringed Cascader LC

Invertebrates Zyxomma petiolatum Long-tailed Duskdarter LC

Mammals Anathana ellioti Madras Treeshrew LC

Mammals Aonyx cinereus Asian Small-clawed Otter VU

Mammals Axis axis Chital LC

Mammals Balaenoptera acutorostrata Common Minke Whale LC

Mammals Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale DD

Mammals Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale EN

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Mammals Bandicota bengalensis Lesser Bandicoot Rat LC

Mammals Bandicota indica Greater Bandicoot Rat LC

Mammals Bos gaurus Gaur VU

Mammals Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai LC

Mammals Canis aureus Golden Jackal LC

Mammals Cuon alpinus Dhole EN

Mammals Cynopterus sphinx Greater Shortnosed Fruit Bat LC

Mammals Eonycteris spelaea Dawn Bat LC

Mammals Felis chaus Jungle Cat LC

Mammals Feresa attenuata Pygmy Killer Whale DD

Mammals Funambulus palmarum Common Palm Squirrel LC

Mammals Funambulus pennantii Five-striped Palm Squirrel LC

Mammals Globicephala macrorhynchus Short-finned Pilot Whale DD

Mammals Grampus griseus Risso's Dolphin LC

Mammals Herpestes edwardsii Indian Grey Mongoose LC

Mammals Herpestes smithii Ruddy Mongoose LC

Mammals Hipposideros speoris Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat LC

Mammals Hystrix indica Indian Crested Porcupine LC

Mammals Indopacetus pacificus Indo-pacific Beaked Whale DD

Mammals Kogia breviceps Pygmy Sperm Whale DD

Mammals Kogia sima Dwarf Sperm Whale DD

Mammals Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser's Dolphin LC

Mammals Lepus nigricollis Indian Hare LC

Mammals Lutrogale perspicillata Smooth-coated Otter VU

Mammals Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey LC

Mammals Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin EN

Mammals Megaderma lyra Greater False Vampire LC

Mammals Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale LC

Mammals Mellivora capensis Honey Badger LC

Mammals Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's Beaked Whale DD

Mammals Mesoplodon ginkgodens Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale DD

Mammals Moschiola indica Indian Chevrotain LC

Mammals Muntiacus vaginalis Northern Red Muntjac LC

Mammals Murina cyclotis Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat LC

Mammals Mus booduga Little Indian Field Mouse LC

Mammals Mus musculus House Mouse LC

Mammals Mus platythrix Brown Spiny Mouse LC

Mammals Mus terricolor Earth-colored Mouse LC

Mammals Myotis montivagus Burmese Whiskered Myotis LC

Mammals Neophocaena phocaenoides Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise VU

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Mammals Orcaella brevirostris Irrawaddy Dolphin VU

Mammals Orcinus orca Killer Whale DD

Mammals Panthera pardus Leopard VU

Mammals Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Common Palm Civet LC

Mammals Peponocephala electra Melon-headed Whale LC

Mammals Physeter macrocephalus Sperm Whale VU

Mammals Pipistrellus ceylonicus Kelaart's Pipistrelle LC

Mammals Pipistrellus tenuis Least Pipistrelle LC

Mammals Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Cat LC

Mammals Prionailurus rubiginosus Rusty-spotted Cat NT

Mammals Prionailurus viverrinus Fishing Cat VU

Mammals Pseudorca crassidens False Killer Whale DD

Mammals Pteropus giganteus Indian Flying Fox LC

Mammals Rattus rattus House Rat LC

Mammals Ratufa indica Indian Giant Squirrel LC

Mammals Rhinolophus lepidus Blyth's Horseshoe Bat LC

Mammals Rhinolophus pusillus Least Horseshoe Bat LC

Mammals Rhinolophus rouxii Rufous Horseshoe Bat LC

Mammals Rhinopoma hardwickii Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat LC

Mammals Rousettus leschenaultii Leschenault’s Rousette LC

Mammals Rusa unicolor Sambar VU

Mammals Scotophilus heathii Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat LC

Mammals Semnopithecus entellus Northern Plains Gray Langur LC

Mammals Sousa chinensis Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin NT

Mammals Stenella attenuata Pantropical Spotted Dolphin LC

Mammals Stenella coeruleoalba Striped Dolphin LC

Mammals Stenella longirostris Spinner Dolphin DD

Mammals Steno bredanensis Rough-toothed Dolphin LC

Mammals Suncus murinus House Shrew LC

Mammals Sus scrofa Wild Boar LC

Mammals Taphozous longimanus Long-winged Tomb Bat LC

Mammals Tatera indica Indian Gerbil LC

Mammals Tetracerus quadricornis Four-horned Antelope VU

Mammals Tursiops aduncus Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin DD

Mammals Tursiops truncatus Common Bottlenose Dolphin LC

Mammals Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet LC

Mammals Vulpes bengalensis Bengal Fox LC

Mammals Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier's Beaked Whale LC

Plants Acmella paniculata Panicled Spot Flower LC

Plants Acrostichum aureum Golden Leather Fern LC

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Plants Aegialitis rotundifolia NT

Plants Aegiceras corniculatum LC

Plants Anacyclus pyrethrum Atlas Daisy VU

Plants Avicennia alba LC

Plants Avicennia marina Gray Mangrove LC

Plants Avicennia officinalis LC

Plants Brownlowia tersa NT

Plants Bruguiera cylindrica LC

Plants Bruguiera gymnorhiza Oriental Mangrove LC

Plants Bruguiera parviflora Smallflower Bruguiera LC

Plants Carex baccans Crimson Seeded Sedge LC

Plants Carex hebecarpa LC

Plants Ceratopteris thalictroides LC

Plants Ceriops decandra NT

Plants Ceriops tagal LC

Plants Commelina caroliniana LC

Plants Commelina subulata LC

Plants Crotalaria quinquefolia LC

Plants Cyanotis arcotensis LC

Plants Cyclosorus interruptus Hottentot Fern LC

Plants Cyperus amabilis LC

Plants Cyperus arenarius LC

Plants Cyperus castaneus LC

Plants Cyperus clarkei LC

Plants Cyperus compactus LC

Plants Cyperus cyperoides LC

Plants Cyperus diffusus Dwarf Umbrella Grass LC

Plants Cyperus digitatus Finger Flatsegde LC

Plants Cyperus distans Slender Cyperus LC

Plants Cyperus dubius LC

Plants Cyperus esculentus Yellow Nutsedge LC

Plants Cyperus longus Sweet Cyperus LC

Plants Cyperus michelianus Souchet De Michel LC

Plants Cyperus nutans LC

Plants Cyperus pilosus LC

Plants Cyperus pulchellus LC

Plants Cyperus tenuispica LC

Plants Cyperus tuberosus Nut Grass LC

Plants Diplazium esculentum LC

Plants Dopatrium nudicaule LC

28 / 33

Plants Echinochloa frumentacea LC

Plants Eclipta prostrata Eclipte Blanche DD

Plants Eleocharis geniculata Canada Spikesedge LC

Plants Eleocharis spiralis LC

Plants Elytrophorus spicatus Spike Grass LC

Plants Emilia zeylanica LC

Plants Equisetum giganteum Southern Giant Horsetail LC

Plants Eragrostis japonica Pond Lovegrass LC

Plants Eriocaulon parviflorum LC

Plants Eriocaulon truncatum Short Pipe-Wort LC

Plants Eriochloa procera Spring Grass LC

Plants Excoecaria agallocha LC

Plants Fimbristylis acuminata LC

Plants Fimbristylis alboviridis LC

Plants Fimbristylis bisumbellata Fimbristylis à Deux Ombelles LC

Plants Fimbristylis cinnamometorum LC

Plants Fimbristylis complanata LC

Plants Fimbristylis dipsacea Harper's Fimbristylis LC

Plants Fimbristylis ferruginea West Indian Fimbry LC

Plants Fimbristylis littoralis Lesser Fimbristylis LC

Plants Fimbristylis ovata LC

Plants Fimbristylis polytrichoides LC

Plants Fimbristylis schoenoides Ditch Fimbry LC

Plants Fimbristylis tetragona LC

Plants Fuirena cuspidata LC

Plants Fuirena pubescens Fuirène Pubescent LC

Plants Fuirena umbellata Yefen LC

Plants Halodule pinifolia Species code: Hp LC

Plants Halodule uninervis Species code: Hu LC

Plants Halodule wrightii Species code: Hw LC

Plants Halophila beccarii Ocean Turf Grass VU

Plants Halophila ovalis Species code: Ho LC

Plants Halophila ovata Species code: Hq LC

Plants Hemarthria compressa Whip Grass LC

Plants Heritiera littoralis LC

Plants Homonoia riparia Willow-Leaved Water Croton LC

Plants Hoppea dichotoma LC

Plants Hydrobryopsis sessilis LC

Plants Hydrocotyle javanica LC

Plants Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides LC

29 / 33

Plants Hygrophila balsamica LC

Plants Hygrophila difformis LC

Plants Hygrophila quadrivalvis LC

Plants Isachne albens LC

Plants Isachne globosa Swamp Millet LC

Plants Isachne pulchella LC

Plants Justicia quinqueangularis LC

Plants Kyllinga melanosperma LC

Plants Kyllinga nemoralis White Water Sedge LC

Plants Lemna gibba Fat Duckweed LC

Plants Leptochloa fusca LC

Plants Leptochloa neesii Umbrella Canegrass LC

Plants Leptochloa panicea Mucronate Sprangletop LC

Plants Lindernia oppositifolia LC

Plants Lipocarpha chinensis LC

Plants Ludwigia hyssopifolia Seed Box LC

Plants Ludwigia perennis LC

Plants Lumnitzera racemosa LC

Plants Medicago sativa Alfalfa LC

Plants Myriophyllum indicum LC

Plants Myriophyllum oliganthum LC

Plants Myriophyllum tuberculatum LC

Plants Nymphoides hydrophylla LC

Plants Nymphoides indica Water-snowflake LC

Plants Nymphoides parvifolia LC

Plants Ophioglossum lusitanicum Least Adder's-tongue LC

Plants Phyla nodiflora Turkey Tangle Frogfruit LC

Plants Polytrias indica Batiki Bluegrass LC

Plants Prunus bifrons DD

Plants Pycreus polystachyos Bunchy Flat Sedge LC

Plants Queenslandiella hyalina Queensland Sedge LC

Plants Rhizophora apiculata LC

Plants Rhizophora mucronata Mangrove LC

Plants Scyphiphora hydrophylacea LC

Plants Sonneratia apetala LC

Plants Thelypteris xylodes LC

Plants Xylocarpus granatum LC

Plants Xyris indica LC

Reptiles Acrochordus granulatus Wart Snake LC

Reptiles Astrotia stokesii Stokes' Sea Snake LC

30 / 33

Reptiles Atretium schistosum Olive Keelback Water Snake LC

Reptiles Barkudia melanosticta Russell's Legless Skink DD

Reptiles Calodactylodes aureus Indian Golden Gecko LC

Reptiles Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle VU

Reptiles Chamaeleo zeylanicus Asian Chameleon LC

Reptiles Chitra indica Indian Narrow-headed Softshell TurtleEN

Reptiles Crocodylus palustris Mugger VU

Reptiles Crocodylus porosus Salt-water Crocodile LR/lc

Reptiles Cyrtodactylus nebulosus Clouded Indian Gecko LC

Reptiles Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback VU

Reptiles Enhydrina schistosa Beaked Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle CR

Reptiles Eublepharis hardwickii Eastern Indian Leopard Gecko LC

Reptiles Eutropis allapallensis Schmidt's Mabuya LC

Reptiles Eutropis carinata Keeled Indian Mabuya LC

Reptiles Eutropis trivittata Three-banded Mabuya LC

Reptiles Grypotyphlops acutus Beaked Worm Snake LC

Reptiles Hemidactylus frenatus Common House Gecko LC

Reptiles Hemidactylus maculatus Spotted Leaf-toed Gecko LC

Reptiles Hemidactylus subtriedrus Madras Blotched Gecko DD

Reptiles Hemidactylus treutleri LC

Reptiles Hydrophis caerulescens Dwarf Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis cantoris Gunther's Sea Snake DD

Reptiles Hydrophis cyanocinctus Bluebanded Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis fasciatus Striped Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis gracilis Graceful Small Headed Seasnake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis lapemoides Persian Gulf Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis mamillaris Bombay Sea Snake DD

Reptiles Hydrophis ornatus Ornate Reef Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis spiralis Yellow Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Hydrophis stricticollis Collared Sea Snake DD

Reptiles Kerilia jerdoni Jerdon's Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Lapemis curtus Spine-bellied Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Laticauda colubrina Yellow-lipped Sea Krait LC

Reptiles Laticauda laticaudata Brown-lipped Sea Krait LC

Reptiles Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley VU

Reptiles Lissemys punctata Indian Flapshell Turtle LR/lc

Reptiles Lycodon travancoricus Travancore Wolf Snake LC

Reptiles Oligodon taeniolatus Streaked Kukri Snake LC

Reptiles Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra VU

31 / 33

Reptiles Pangshura tentoria Indian Tent Turtle LR/lc

Reptiles Pelamis platura Yellow-bellied Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Psammophilus blanfordanus Blanford's Rock Agama LC

Reptiles Pseudocerastes persicus Perisan Horned Viper LC

Reptiles Sitana ponticeriana Fan Throated Lizard LC

Reptiles Thalassophina viperina Viperine Sea Snake LC

Reptiles Trimeresurus gramineus Common Bamboo Viper LC

Reptiles Uropeltis ellioti Elliot's Earth Snake LC

Reptiles Varanus bengalensis Common Indian Monitor LC

Reptiles Varanus salvator Common Water Monitor LC

32 / 33

About IBATThe Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) provides key decision-makers with access tocritical information on biodiversity priority sites to inform risk management and decision-makingprocesses that address potential biodiversity impacts. Developed through a partnership of BirdLifeInternational, Conservation International, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) andUnited Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), thevision of IBAT is that decisions affecting critical natural habitats are informed by the best scientificinformation and in turn decision makers will support the quest to collect and enhance theunderlying datasets and maintain that scientific information.

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33 / 33

Agruhram

th9t

l*

Bathymetric and Topographic Survey forDe-silting of Meghadrigedda ReservoirIn Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh, India

oG/a/ -'e-ri. \)\i['c,

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh

Irrigation & CAD Department

Engineer-In-Chief (Administration ),Third Floor, Jalasoudha,Effwnmanzil,Hy(e66bad - s00082,Phone No: 040 23391093,Fax No: 040 23391036.

Email : [email protected]

I'+l'l[:flIttl llJ.l'lEl [['l-l[[tl [::l']{l If+'1[fl=llfl=l,lllll,t].tfH.t lJllltl

Pede lierara i.. Ltriril , r,l i

Survey Contractor:

Geosense Surveys

Plot No.69, lL-9-2LDasapalla HlllsVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh, INDIA - 530 003

{i*hmtrwnArnrCopalflstrtsm \

+91-891-658863+91-891-2792487

geosensu rveys@gmai L comwww. geosensesurueys. com

PhoneFax

EmailWeb

16thHrrdmtan&trderm

ComuatoqrLrnftd

tVolume:

Survevil

t1 1',[-f'I I

oo Draft Final Repoft 28th May, 2015 WAlE KBK U(

Rev. Issue Date Prepared Checked

Refcrcnce No. Ref. No.: GSI 1.5/ tT4lOsloLSlcOAlHY IDFRIOO

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ltll l t{ fJ f.,tj llil *Fr#J-+l

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

Ti e

Reference No.GS/ 1 5 / 17 4 / 05 / Ot 5 I GOAv/HYlDFR /00

Draft Final Report onBathymetric and Topographic Survey forDe-silting of Meghadrigedda Reservorr

In Vasakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh. India

Clienl Govt. of Andhra PradeshIrrigation & CAD Department

PAGE

LocATIoN DIAGRAM78

BATHYMETRY...

1.0

1.1t.22.0

2.r3.0

3.13.23.3

4.O

4.L4.1.14.2

5.0

5.15,2

6.0

6.16.1 .1

6.1 .2

6.26.36.46.56.66.6.16.6.26.6.36.6.46.6.56.6.66.6.76.6.86.76.8

7.0

7.t7.27.3

OBJEcrrvE 1010ScoPE oF WoRxi

REFERENcE Docui,tENTATror{

GEoDETTC PARAMErERs.....,.

PosrrroNrNG SysrEM................EcHo souNDER SYsrEi,r

PosrrroNrNG SysrEM: LErcA MX421B-10 DGPS.............

NavrGATro SoFTWARE : HypAcK.............SoFTWARE PREpaRATToN PRocEDURES ......

Ir{ HARBoUR TEsrs ...

.............. 15

.....17

............................ 18........................ 19

,....25

EcHo SouNoER SysrE : ODori DF 32OO MK II..................

ToTAL STATToN SYSTEM: PE TAx R-325 EX........................

PERSoNN

............................... 20

oN srrE INSTALLATToNS & CaLrBRATror{s....... 25

Reference No. Rev Division Date Doc. Information Pa9 e

GS/1 5/1 74105i01 5iGOtuHY/DFR/00 00 Survey28'May.

2015Hydrographic

SurveyPage 2 of

47

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

10OB]ECTIVE & SCOPE OF WORK

IVI ETHODOLOGY

EQUIPMENT SUMMARY

SURVEY

reffi,r.qdt'sddtJ.L

Tite

Reference No.GS / t5 / !7 4 / 05 / O L 5l GOA/HylDFR/00

Draft Final Report onBathymetric and Topographic Survey forDe-srlting of Meghadrigedda Reservorr

In Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh. India


7.3.17.3.2

7,47.57.6

8.0

8.18.28.38.4

9.O

9.19.29.3

10.0

10.110.210.310.310.410.510.5.110.5.210.5.3

11.0

11.1LL,2

t2.o

13.0

14.0

HoRrzoflTAL CoitTRoLVERTTCAL CoNTRoL......

.... 31

GE ERAL

..................................... 32

HSE PoLrcY .......DEMoBILIzATIot{

HANDLING oF PoSITIo AL DATAHANDLTNG oF Srt{cLE BEAM EcHo SouNDr c DATAHAi{DLTNG oF TorAL STATToN Dara ..........

REFERENcE LEvELs......

REPoRTrNG...............

............................... 38

............... 38

................................ 40

.......42

Reference No. Rev Divisio n Date Doc, Information Page

GS/1 5/1 74105/01 5/GOtuHY/DFR 00 00 Survey28'May,

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PRE PROCESSING PROCEDURES

DATA PROCESSING AND REPORTING

38

45

\

Title

Reference No.GS / t 5 / t] 4 / Os / O LslGOA/HY/DFR/00

Draft Final Report onBathymetric and Topographic Survey forDe-silting of Meghadrigedda Reservoir

In Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh, India


APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

APPENDIX BAPPENDIX CAPPENDIX DAPPENDIX E

APPENDIX FAPPENDIX G

.A APPENDIX H

APPENDIX IAPPENDIX J

APPENDIX K

APPENDIX L

APPENDIX M

List of Tables

SITE LOCATIONS, ROUTES & GOOGLE EARTH PROGAM(SOFT COPY ONLY)PRE.PLOTEQUIPMENT LAYOUT DIAGMMVESSEL OFFSET DIAGRAMFIELD CALIBRATIONSWATER LEVEL VARIATION DATA & GRAPHSDAILY PROGRESS REPORTSEQUIPMENT SOFTWARE & SPECIFICATIONSSURVEY RECORD EXAMPLESFIELD PHOTOGRAPHSDRAWINGSBATHY & TOPO DATA IN ASCII (SOFT COPY ONLY)VOLUME COMPUTATIONS (to be submitted in final report)

TableTableTableTable 4:Table 5:

1 : Reference Documentation ......2 : Location of Reservoir3: Geodetic Parameters

Summary of Vessel Specifications - Dinghy-01Summary of Vessel Specifications - Dinghy-02

)')22

Table 6: Personnel ...... ...,....,.....23.,.,..........26Table 7: Bench Mark Details

Table B: TBM Locations 2729Table 9: Odom Echotrac Echo Sounder Settings..........

Table 10: Bathy 500 DF Echo Sounder Settings ...........29Table l l: Meghadrigedda Reservoir Reference Levels .............. .............32Table 12: Details of the Reservoir: Meghadrigedda...............

List of Fiourcs

Figure 1: General Location diagram with survey lines marked in red............8Figure 2: Bench Mark Location &TBM Locations..... .......................27Figure 3: Processing Window of Single Beam Max in Hypack Software.....4l

Reference No. Rev Division Date Doc. Information Page

GS/'1 5/'1 74l05/01 5/GOAJHY/DFR/00 00 Survey 28' May.2015

HydrographicSurvev

Page 4 of47

List of Drawinos

Title

Reference No.GSI t5 / t7 4 /05/ OL5IGOA/ H Y/ D FR"/0 0



Client Govt. of Andhra PradeshIrrlgation & CAD Department

Sl. No. Title of Drawing Drawing No. HorizontalScale

APPENDIX-B

1 Pre plot map GS / Ls / 77 4 / Os / 01 s/GOA/PREpLOT / O 7 / 07 1 :5000

APPEN DIX-K

2Bathymetric &Topographic Chart -Pa rt- 01

GS / L5 / t7 4 / Os / 01 5/GOA/BArHy/O L - 02/ 02 1 :2000

3Bathymetric &Topographic Chart -Part-02

GS I L5 / 17 4 I 05 I O 15 / GOAI BATHY I 02- 02/ 03 1 :2000


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GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS

ASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeBM BenchmarkCIA Coarse/Acquisitioncm CentimetreDGPS Differential GPSDWG AutoCAD Drawing FiledGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDGLL Directorate General of Lighthouses and LightshipsDXF Drawing Exchange FileF.R. L Full Reservoir Levelft FootGOA Government of Andhra PradeshGPS Global Positioning SystemHSE Health, Safety and EnvironmentIHO International Hydrographic OrganizationNHO Naval Hydrographic OfficeKPCT Krishnapatnam Port & Container TerminalKhz Kilo Hertzm MetreMhz, Mega HertzMDL Minimum Drawdown LevelMSL Mean Sea LevelPDOP Position Dilution of PrecisionPRN Pseudo Random NoisePPE Personal Protective EquipmentSA Selective AvailabilityTBL Top Bund LevelTBM Temporary BenchmarkRTK Real Time KinematicUSDOD United States Department of DefenceUTM Universal Transverse MercatorWGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984

Title

Reference No.Gs/ t5 / L7 4 / 05 / OL 5 / GOA"/HylDFR/00


ln Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh, India

Client Govt, of Andhra Pradeshlrrigation & CAD Department


GS/1 5/1 74105i01 5iGONHY/DFR/00 00 Survey28'May,

2015Hydrographic

SurveyPage 6 of

47

Trtle

Reference No,GS I L5 / L7 4 / 05 / Ots / GOA/HY/DFR/00


tn Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh. India

Client Govt. of Andhra PradeshIrrigation & CAD Department

1.O

1.1

INTRODUCTION

GeneralGovernment of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Irrigation and Command Area Development(cAD) are planning to augment storage capacities with the catchment areas of reservoirsacross the state ofAndhra Pradesh. one such reservoir "Meghadrigedda Reservoir" locatedbetween Narava and Yerrakonda hills in the viclnity of district of visakhapatnam wasidentified for de-silting in summer of 2015.

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh contacted Dredging corporation of India (DCI), visakhapatnam forcarrying out de-silting operations. DcI, after making site visits recommended bathymetricand topographic surveys to be carried out to estimate the siltation levels with the reservoir.

The Meghadrigedda Reservoir project was constructed across the river Naravagedda andMeghadrigedda at Kamarapalem village in visakhapatnam District in the year rgzz. tnecatchment area is about 368 sq.kms, which includes the reservoir. The reservolr wascommissioned in the year 1979 with a storage capacity of 29.31 M.cum and later, duringthe year 1989, the water withdrawal capacity of the reservoir was increased to 10.00million gallons per day (source: zilla prajaparishad), with the reservoir capacity increasedto 33.1024 M.cum @ F.R.L + 18.60 m. The maximum length of the reservoir is 2950 m andthe maximum breadth is around 1700 m. with a total area of approx.s.Ols sq km.

unlike the reservoirs constructed in the hilly terrain, Meghadrigedda is a typical shallowreservoir covering a large area. Even a meter thickness of sediment deposit in the bedcauses the reduction of huge quantity of water storage.

Hydrogaphic survey conducted in 2011-2012 derived a reduced reservoir capacity to22.826a M.cum. The annual loss comes to 0.293 and the rate of siltation comes io 20:824Ha.M/100 sq'km / Year. Taking into account the elapsed three years'time and the recentcylone "Hudh Hudh" in October 2014 it is envisaged that the storage capacity many havereduced further.

Based on the above assumptions, Govt. of Andhra pradesh, Department of Irrigation,contacted M/s Geosense surveys, visakhapatnam to conduct bathymetric and topographicsurvey with the reservoir limits and to estimate the present storage capacity and loss dueto siltation process.

This report contains the bathymetric surveys details, the results and the computationscarried out in the above areas of interest.


GS/15/17410501 5/GOtuHY/DFR 00 00 Survey 28'May,2015

HydroqraphicSurvey

Page 7 ot47

Location Diagram

Courtesy: Google Earth(Note: The below map is indicative and is not to scale)

Figure 1: General Location diagram with survey lines marked in red

Kindly refer to Appendix A for a detailed map of locations on Google Earth, please installGoogleEarthWin-6.L.O.5001.exe and double click Meghadrigedda.kmz to see thelocations in Google earth program. (.exe and .kmz file given in Appendix A.)

Tifle

Reference No.GS/ L5/ L7 4 I O5l0 1 5/GOA/Hy/DFR/o0





GS/1 5/1 74105/0 1 5/GOA/HY/DFR/00 00 Survey 28'May,2015

HydrographicSrrruev

Page 8 of47

.A\

2.L

2.O SUMITIARY OF RESULTS

BathymetryOdom Echotrac MKU. SyQwest Bathy DF 500 echo sounders and pentax 325 EX TotalStation was utilised to acquire bathymetric and topographic surveys within theMeghadrigedda reservoir basin.

A value of 1480 m/s was used as the average velocity of sound in fresh water which wasapplied in the environmental setup during acquisition. The data so obtained was thenprocessed using Hypack 6.2b and contouring was done using Hypackrlerra Model software.

Reservoir reference levels were taking early in the morning day to day for the enure periodof survey.

Bathymetry data as obtained from the Echo Sounder was corrected for heights of thereservoir reference level and reduced to Mean Sea Level (MSL). The dry patches/inaccessible areas left over by the echo sounding were covered by topographic surveys.

All the bathymetry and topographic data was resolved to 0.1 m and plotted on scales of1:5,000 & 1:2,000

The minimum and maximum depths/elevations observed from bathymetric and topographicsurveys are 8.93 m and 22.92 m in the reservoir basin up to flood bank area.

All the levels below 16.0151m (52.54 ft)(reservoir average water level) up to 13.4112 m(44 ft)have been considered for computation as "dredging quantities;', whereas all thelevels above 16.0151m and up to 21.6048 (71 ft) which is the TBL have been consideredfor computation "excavation quantities".

Ti[e

Reference No.GS/ 1s / 17 4 / Os/ O15/GOA/Hy/DFRi 00



Client Govt. of Andhra Pradeshlrrigation & CAD Department

Reference No. Rev Divisio n Date Doc. Information Pa9 e

GS/1 5/174105/01 s/GOr',/Hy/DFR 00 00 Survey 28' May,2015

HydrographicSurvev

Page 9 of47

Tiile

Reference No.GS / 1 5 I t7 4 / 05 / Ot 5 / GOAi/HylDFR/00




3.O OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF WORK

3.1 Objcctave

o To carry bathymetric survey to know the prevailing reservoir depths in the areas ofinterest

o To compute and estimate the amount of siltation and to arrive at the dredge quantitiesfrom the bathymetric data

Post bathymetric and topographic survey, the dredging works are to be carried outDredging Corporation of India (DCI), Visakhapatnam and the excavation works are to becarried out by other registered contractor with Dept. of Irrigation.

3,2 Scope of Work:

Geosense surveys are required to mobilize, install, interface, operate all survey systemsand provide all required survey personnel undertake bathymetric and topographic surveysin the reservoir area.

Survey will be carried out as per the scope of work as designated below:

a) Bathymetric survey lines will be run perpendicular to the catchment area of reservoirbasin at 10m spacing.

b) Topographic survey wilr be conducted in dry patches reft from bathymetric survey.

c) To dredge/ excavate volume computation for de-silting the reservoir to the requireddepth.

d) submission of one copy of draft report and one copy of final coloured contoured chartsin scale of 1:2000.

A Pre-Plot of the survey line pattern is given in Appendix B.


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HydrographicSuavey

Page 10 of4)

Reference documentation

Title

Reference No.GS / Ls / t7 4 / 05 / OLs I GO Al Hy / DFR/o0




REFERENCE DOCU M ENTATIONNo. : Document Name Document Identity

GOA Invitation to tender/Scope of work Tele conversation dated:

i Geosense Surveys Proposal/Quotej lrinatl

GS- 15-05- 12-BS-OFF-0 1

May 2015.

Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Work Order

Table 1 : Reference Documentation

Reference No. Rev Division Date Doc, Information Page

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1

2

3

Tiile

Reference No.GS / 15 / t7 4 / 05 / 0L5 I GO Al HYlDFR/00


In Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradeqh- Inrlia


4.O METHODOLOGY

Geosense Surveys mobilized, install, interface, operate all survey systems and provide allrequired survey personnel undertake bathymetry survey services in the area of interest.

The mobilization of the equipment was done on 16.05.2015 to carry out survey adivitiesupon verbal confirmation from Irrigation & CAD department.

4.t Area of Interest

The area of interest is North West of Visakhapatnam city at a distance of 22.5 km nearChinamushidivada Village.

4.1.1 Location of Reservoir:

The location of reservoir is bounded by the following co-ordinates

LOCATION OF RESERVOIRWGS-84 Spheroid, UTM Projection, CM 81o East, Zone 4d Nofth

Location Easting (m) Northing (m) Latitude (N) Longitude (E)

Point A

Point B

Point C

732819.428 1964911.508

't 732364.732 i 1964887.128,i

73t415.457 t964644.493l

I

I

17045'33.30',

17045'32.68"

17045',25.15"

I

: 83o11',45.09"r-i ag"t t'29.65'

i 83010'57.34"

Point D L7046',31.73" 83010',25.09',--- ---- 1

730441.540 t 1966680.782 I

Point E

_ ir;4?,0 1 53;"*f__a:o 10,40. 3 1 "

Point F 73t892.L14 1967158.647 t7046'46.72" 83011'14.51"

Point G t:izna.cis i 1e*;rt.iis 'r ii:iio;i..i;'; I e3.rr'23.s4

Table 2 : Location of Reservoir


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Title

Reference No.GS/ 15 / 17 4 I O5l0 1 5/GOA/Hy/D FR/o0




4.2 GeodeticParameters

The present survey was conducted in WGS-84 with no datum projection.

Local Datum Geodetic Parameters

Spheroid WGS-84

Datum Transformation

Semi-major axis (a)

None

6378137.0000 m

Semi-minor axis (b) 6356752.3L42 m

Eccentricity 0.0818 191909 28906

Inverse flattening ( 1/f) 298.257223563

Projection Parameters

Grid Projection

Central Meridian (CM)

Origin Latitude lfatse t-at1

Hemisphere

False eastinj 1rr1

Universal Transverse Mercator

81 o East (Zone 44)

0.0; "

North

iooooo.o;False Nofthing (FN)

Scale Factor on CM

Units

0.0 m

0.999600

Internationat Itleteis

Table 3: Geodetic Parameters


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Page 13 of47

5.O Equipment Summary

Ref. Appendix C for Schematic diagram of equipment layout.

5.1 Positionang System

1x Hemisphere Series R110 dGPS system with accessorieslx Power supply for above

1x Trimble SPS461 dGPS system with accessorieslx Power supply for above

5.2 Echo sounder System

1x Odom Echotrac MKU with sumcient paper rolls.1x Dual frequency transducer 33 kHz/2OO kHz + mounting pole

1x SyQwest Bathy DF 500 Echo sounder with sufficient paper rolls.1x Dual frequency transducer 33 kHzl2OO kHz + mounting pole

5.2.3 Common Equipment and Accessories:

1x Bar plate Check1x Measuring Tapelx Computer Interface, 12V Power Supply & 10Kv Generator, Inverters with

Interfacing cables and accessories for all the above.

5.3 Topographic Survey

1x Pentax 325 EX Total Stauon system2x Reflector Prisms1x Mounting Stand1x Auto Level- Accessories & Consumables

5.4 Navigation & Data Logging System

To provide on-line route guidance, log navigation data, provide eC of navigation data, etc.The system comprises the following equipment:

1x Acer Core 13 Laptop1x Dell Core 13 Laptop1x LG Core 13 Laptop (Standby)

1x Hypack 6.2b Survey and Processing Software

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Chent Govt, of Andhra PradeshIrrigation & CAD Department

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6.0 SURVEY SYSTEMS

6.1 Positioning System: Leica MX4218-10 dcPS

Introduction

The entire system comprises a 'bird cage' constellation of satellites flying in orbits.Operated by the US department of Defence (US DoD), as of 2009, 0B out of 30 satellitescurrently in orbit and healthy are expected to be available at any point of time at everyplace on earth.

GPS satellites transmit two coherent beacon signals: Link 1 (11) and Link 2 (12). The L1beacon is broadcast at a frequency of L575.42 MHz and the L2 at t227.60 MHz. The L1signal is modulated with two pseudo random noise (PRN) codes: a protected (P) code and aclear/acquisition (C/A) code. Civilian receivers to obtain GPS system information can usethe C/A code. The P code is encrypted for military use and is the only ranging broadcast onthe L2 beacon. Each satellite has its own unique C/A (and P) code to provide satelliteidentity for acquisition and tracking. The C/A code is 1023 bits long and repeats everymillisecond.

With the Selective Availability (SA) switched off in May 2000, civilian GPS users around theworld will no longer experience positioning errors up to 100 metre (approximate 300 feet).However, random errors are still added to SA to keep GPS a more powerful tool for themilitary. Today, the common GPS units intended for civilian users are accurate to within 20metres (approximately 60 feet); although in good conditions, units should display an errorof less than 10 metres. This precision is still not enough for hydrographic and topographicsurveying. Therefore precise positioning requires the application of Differential Corrections.These take the form of computed-observed (C-O) values for each satellite calculated at thereference station and transmitted to the survey vessel. The C-O's are applied to thepseudo ranges at the survey vessel's GPS receiver and the corrected position output to thenavigation and data logging computer.

6.1.1 Positioning System: Hemisphere Series Rl10 GPS

Hemisphere R110 GPS system was used to forpositioning for this project.

Thishighaccuracy,multipurposereceiverisbasedonour._

B?'e'sg^:'T;"# Jf i T:11'.: ".xf"T5::i:, "lffi?' :: - -ry Tconsistent sub-meter performance with standard SBASdifferential and Hemisphere GPS' exclusive COASTtechnology that maintains accuracy during temporary lossof differential signal. The crescent R100 offers many differential correctionoptions for various environments and worldwide coverage. The simpler user interface andexpensive software features make Crescent R 100 the ideal solution for professionalmapping, guidance and navigation applications.


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In Visakhapatnam DistrictAndhra Pradesh- India


This system is upgradeable to output messages up to 20H2. The menu system provides aneasy way to configure your system and the status LEDS give a quick update on thecondition of the receiver.

Advantages:

> Feature-packed Sub-meter DGPS Positioning> Provides reception of GPS, SBAS, and Coast Guard beacon> Automatic dual channel SBAS and beacon tracking for more reliable signal reception> Delivers sub-meter positioning at rates of up to 20 Hz> Raw measurement data available for post-processing applications> COAST'" technology uses old differential corrections for up to 40 minutes, or more,

without significant performance loss> Small and lightweight form factor> Front-panel LED indicators make it easy to monitor receiver status> Compatible with CSI Wireless' optional e-Dif autonomous differential technology

For full specifications kindly refer to '1.dcPs-Hemisohere-R11o-Specs,pdf inAppendix H.

As one-receiver system, the SPS461 is cost-erfective, and ideal for either permanent ortemporary installation. The receiver employs dual-frequency antennas for enhancedperformance over single-frequency antenna solutions.

For full specifications kindly refer to '2.dcPS-Trimble-SPS-46l-Specs.pdf inAppendix H.

6.1.2 Positaoning system Trimble SPS 461 GPS

Trimble SPS 461 GPS system was used to forpositioning for this project.

The Trimble@ SPS461 GPS Heading and PositioningReceiver is a modular, dual-antenna system for marineconstruction and hydrographic survey. The SPS451 isavailable with internal 450 or 900MHz radios and isupgradable to varying levels of positioning, includingprecision RTK. SPS461 can provide Precise GPS

Heading.

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6,2 Echo Sounder System: Odom DF 32OO MK II

Odom DF 3200 MK II echo sounder was used to acquirebathymetric data in this project.

This is latest generation of the ECHOTRAC dual frequencysurvey echo sounder employs the latest in technologiesincluding a high-resolution thermal printer, microprocessor,DSP techniques, and flat screen displays.The sonar transceiver, echo processor, graphical operatorinterface and hardcopy recorder are all housed in oneportable, splash-proof case. The unit is suited to table top,bulkhead, or rack mounting and is equally at home on eithersmall survey launches or large ships. Well suited for use inthe shallows of rivers and harbours, the mission variable unit is also capable of working todepths of over 2,000 meters. Either single or dual frequency configurations of the unit areavailable: Standard frequencies are 200 and 24 Hz or 200 and 33 kHz with Side Scan onSingle Channel at 200k Hz.

For full specifications kindly refer to '3.ES-Odom-DF-32OO-MKII-Specs.pdf inAppendix H.

6.3 Echo Sounder System: Syqwest Bathy-SOO DF

Syqwest Bathy-500 DF echo sounder was used tofor this project.

acquire bathymetric data

The Syqwest Bathy-500 D/F Survey Echo Sounderprovides a high-contrast thermal chart recordcomplete with alphanumeric annotation of importantParameters such as geographic position, depth,speed of sound and offset for draft/tide. Real-timeviewing of all Parameters is provided to the user viafront panel liquid-crystal display. Position input canbe from either a standard C/A GPS receiver ordifferential GPS system. Depth data is available toexternal devices in digital form, via a versatileinterface, whose format is selectable by the user using the front panelkeypad. The user may obtain digital depth data output, in various industrystandard RS-232/422 formats or NMEA-O183. The ability to accept external

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annotation inputs from various PC-based hydrographic softwares is standard in theSyqwest Bathy-500 DF.

Unit set-up and parameters changes are accomplished via the keypad. Importantparameters values are retained by the unit in non-volatile memory when power isremoved. A real-time internal clock provides time and date stamping of the chart record.

The Bathy-sOOD/F is equally well suited for both applications which involve rapid depth ofchannel determination by viewing the chart record and for detailed hydrographic surveyswhereby automatic operation and unattended logging of digital depth data is desired. Theuse of embedded parallel microprocessor architecture allows for operation of the chartrecording function simultaneously with digital display and data outputs, while furtherhaving the real-time capability to implement a proven weighted bottom detectiontechnique, adaptive bottom tracking gate and other advanced signal processing.

Entirely portable, the Bathy-500 DF can be operated on any vessel of opportunity since awide range of A.C. and D.C. input voltages can be used. Bathy-500MF is capable ofoperation on various frequencies as selected by the user. Space is provided in the rear ofthe unit to store the various transducer types. Since scale annotation is printed on thechart along with bottom features, only one type of chart paper is required; the user neednot change paper type when changing measurement units from feet to metres or vice-versa.

For ful! specifications kindly refer to '4-ES-SvOwest-Bathv-DF-SOO-Data-Sheet.odf in Appendix H.

6.4 Total Station System: Pentax R-325 EX

Pentax R-325 EX total station was used to obtain topographiclevels for this project.

The R-3OOX-series from Pentax incorporates two precise userselectable lasers, made for high inspection throughput andimproved measurement efficiency in any possible job. This makesthe Pentax R-300X Total Station a versatile measuring systemthat brings you and your customer's impoftant cost savings. Thesefeatures, together with a measurement time of 0.4 sec in trackingmode and 1.2 sec in quick mode, contribute to an excellentproductivity of Pentax R-300X total stations.

Simple Operation:All functions are initiated from just five keys.

A function that keeps the operation intuitive and logical. Easy-to-use alphanumeric keys (10 keys) allow you to enter quicklyspecific characters, numbers and other information.

Larger memory:The on-board memory of 20,000 measuring points (XYZ) allows you tohandle efficiently any measurement and inspection tasks. Max. 2,000 measuring pointsXYZ) can be recorded in one job file. The user can make up to 50 job files Reflector less


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6.5

Measurement Mode : No more obstacles on the construction site with Pentax R-300x.Simply select the desired laser mode by striking one of the five function keys and youcan measure objects up to 200 meters away without a prism.

Four classes of angular accuracy2" (0.6mgon); 3" (1mgon), 5" (1.smgon)and 6" (1.9m9on). Prismless Auto Focus EDMReflective tapes may also be used as targets. Auto Focus IWorld First Triple Focusing System]. World First Dual Prismless Mode EDM l9O / 27Om). Telescope with 30x magnification. Visible Laser pointer. Automatic Atmospheric Correction. Indicator LED for Laser beamo N|-MH Battery

For more details of equipment specifications please refer to 'S.Total Station-Pentax-R3oox-Soecs.odf in Appendir H.

Navigation Software : HypackHYPACK@ is a Windows"-based software package usedprimarily for hydrographic surveying and data processing.

HYPACK@ performs all of the tasks necessary to complete singlebeam or side scan survey from beginning to end. HYPACK "Fieldto Finish" process allows you to collect your data, then applycorrections, automatically remove data spikes, perform finalsounding selection, and generate smooth sheets or export infoto CAD

This all-in- one module provides the surveyor with all of the tools needed to design theirsurvey, collect data, process it, reduce it, and generate final products. Whether collectinghydrographic survey data or environmental data, or positioning a vessel in an engineeringproject, HYPACK@ provides the tools needed to complete the job.

The standard package has everything needed to design from carrying out survey, collectsingle beam data, process it and generate final products, such as contours, plotting sheets,output for CAD, fly-through, cross sections and volumes. The sides scan sonar collectionand processing modules are now standard features.

This software can be interfaced simultaneously to Echo sounders, attitude sensors,Environmental sensors, Acoustic, GPS and Total Station positioning and all the dataacquired can be stored in Microsoft Access database. It also enables graphical datacleaning.

For full specifications kindly refer to 'T.Navioation-Co-Hvpack.odf in Appendix H.


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Client Govt. of Andhra Pradeshlrragation & CAD Department

6.6 Software Preparation Procedures

The entire computer package with peripherals was set up in the workshop and theengineer using dedicated test programs tested each unit. This also included the interfacingtests, which were provided in the Software. Once all the tests were completed Hypacknavigation software online system was stafted and tested as a whole. The overall testincluded data storage, video display, interfacing, printing and plotting of results.

6.6.1 Runlines. lob files and Survey Data Files

The validity of all input information to the survey online data file and run line files is ofparamount importance to each survey. The first check was the comparison of the Hypacknavigation software Nav printout with the supplied co-ordinate and /or delay listing.

6,6,2 Survey Control & Offset Calculation

The oFfsets on the boat were measured and noted in the surveyor's field note book.Additionally the measurements were checked from the General Arrangement Plan of theBoat. After offset data has been input to the survey online file and the fix taken from thenavigation computer, the offset positions were manually computed using the antennaposition, grid convergence and offset values. The computer printout was compared withthe manually computed offset positioning and found to agree to within the computationalaccuracy.

6.6.3 Hardware Preparation Procedures

The hardware used for the Hypack navigation software navigation and data acquisitionpackage was interfaced with a laptop with appropriate peripheral devices.

To perform the office test procedures, the following items were interfaced:

LaptopHypack navigation softwareHyper Terminal (Interfacing Test)All computers and peripheral devices were tested by means of standard system firmware.

The interfaces and devices were tested by means of Hypack navigation software. Where itis not possible to connect devices in the office, the interfaces were tested using simulateddata strings.

6.6.4 Hardware Mobilization Procedures

The following test procedures were carried out for installing the hardware in the boat:

The voltage and Frequency of the power supply were checked and proper grounding wasdone.


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The computer was setup and interfaced to the survey sensor and devices. All interactionswere checked and confirmed that the interfacing is functional. Debugged any error if foundin the cable connecting the systems and the data transfer was verified.

Check the validity of inputs via interfacing depths, positioning data, sensor data etc.

Check all back up interfaces, computers and peripherals and protocols.

6.6.5 Onsite Operating Procedures

The boat is having operating manual(s) on board for all Hypack navigation softwaremodules in use. The surveyors makes references to these manuals on the correct methodof the system operatlon if found necessary.

6.6.6 Fix Numbers & Annotation

A unique fix numbering system starting and increasing from l without duplication wasused for the project. A test was conducted to verify that the annotation of fixes issynchronized with the positional fixes. This test also conflrmed that the annotation iscorrect and is factual.

6.6.7 Check Procedures

The surveyor ensured that the online data was of good quality and that the correct surveydata was being used. The points to be checked at the start of each shift would include thefollowing:

. Is the correct survey constants data file in use?

. Are all the pre-plots drawn?

. Are all the line data files at hand?

. Are sufficient consumables available?

When the above points are found satisfactory the field work commences. Processing wasalways carried out accordingly to the guidellnes as described in the processing procedure.

The survey gyrocompass, interfaced to the navigation computer, was aligned to the boatscentreline and calibrated. This provided the navigation computer with real time orientationand as a result, the selected offset positions'co-ordinates were continuously computed.

6.6.8 Sensor Data Time Stamping

The data coming from all the sensors was time stamped in synchronization with thenavigation system.

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