Progress Report - Österreichische Akademie der ...

Progress Report

2008–2009

We owe special thanks to the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)for its financial support for numerous projects of the research facilitiesof the Austrian Academy of Sciences

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Copyright © 2009 byAustrian Academy of Sciences

Layout: Art Quarterly Publishing House Werbe- und PR-Agentur GmbH.

Printed and bound: Wograndl

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Table of contentsPreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

RESEARCH FACILITIES OF THE SECTION FOR MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

Biology and MedicineCeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Breath Research Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Institute for Biomedical Aging Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Earth SciencesInstitute for Geographic Information Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Center for Geosciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Commission for Geophysical Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Commission for Quaternary Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Mathematics, Simulation and MetrologyInstitute for Integrated Sensor Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Acoustics Research Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Commission for Scientific Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Physics and Materials SciencesErich Schmid Institute of Materials Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Institute of High Energy Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Environmental ResearchInstitute for Limnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Institute of Technology Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86Space ResearchSpace Research Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Commission for Astronomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92Interdepartmental Research TasksCommission for Scientific Co-operation with the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports . . . . . . 94Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

RESEARCH FACILITIES OF THE SECTION FOR HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

Centre for Ancient World Studies (CAWS)Commission for Egypt and the Levant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Commission for the History of Ancient Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Commission for Editing the Corpus of the Latin Church Fathers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Asia Minor Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Institute for the Studies of Ancient Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116Commission for Mycenaean Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Numismatic Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122Prehistoric Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125Centre for Studies in Asian Cultures and Social Anthropology (CSACSA)Institute for Iranian Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

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Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132Institute for Social Anthropology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Centre for Cultural Research (CCR)AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138Commission for the Edition of a Text Dictionary of „Die Fackel“ (Fackellex) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141Institute of Culture Studies and History of the Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Commission for the History of Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Commission for Music Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148Centre for Medieval Studies (CMS)Institute for Byzantine Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151Institute for Medieval Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Centre for Research on Modern and Contemporary History (CMC)Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Historical Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia and Biographical Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Commission for Austrian Legal History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Social Sciences Research Centre (SSRC)Vienna Institute of Demography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Institute for European Integration Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180Institute for European Tort Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Institute for Mountain Research: Man and Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185Commission for Migration and Integration Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Institute for Urban and Regional Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190Commission for Comparative Media and Communication Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Centre for Linguistics and Audiovisual Documentation (LAVD)Commission for Balkan-Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Commission of Linguistics and Communication Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects and Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201Phonogrammarchiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION UNITSPresidential Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Public Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213International Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Information Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217Fellowships and Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218Facility Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220Event Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222Office of the Secretary General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Office of the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229Accounting Office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Human Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Office for Legal Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Office of the Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Subsidiaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Information Technology Services (ITS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233Internal Audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs- und Instandhaltungs-GmbH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236Library and Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237National and International Research Programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Austrian Academy of Sciences Press and Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

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The Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) is the leading autonomous non-university research perfor-ming organisation in Austria. Its research units apply the highest scientific quality standards to their activi-ties in the field of innovatory application-open basic research. The Academy provides an impetus by pursu-ing new research directions, taking up research specia-lisations that cannot be pursued by universities and other research institutions, consolidating its existing scien-tific strengths, undertaking even risky research pro-jects, exercising highly specialised research functions to maintain the cultural heritage and contributing to scientific careers by providing top quality training posts for young researchers. In addition, the Academy encourages young scientists in many respects, inclu-ding by awarding scholarships.

The Academy fulfils additional functions by dissemina-ting scientific knowledge to the public, by representing the interests of science to society, by issuing comments on questions concerning science, research and research policies and by preparing scientific expertises.

The Academy’s research units map a wide range of the research landscape in Austria. They comprise technical sciences, biology, medicine and environment, physics, space research, earth sciences, mathematics, social sci-ences, linguistics and literature studies, cultural studies, historical studies and law. However, as already empha-sised in the preceding progress report, it is not possi-ble for the Academy of Sciences to fully cover all the sub-disciplines of science. Accordingly, additional criteria play an important role when a unit is to be set up, such as complementarity to the subjects

represented at the universities, long-term projects, a strong involvement in international major research and the strengthening of expertise already present in the country. A new form of basic research unit is that adop-ted by those institutes that are limited liability compa-nies. They are more independent and at the same time can cooperate with business more easily. However, they also bear a greater degree of individual responsibility.

The merger of smaller units to create scientific centres with scientific advisory boards has largely proved to be advantageous, as demonstrated by numerous projects, conferences and publications by the centres during the period under review. The first evaluations of various research units carried out under the auspices of the Research Board of Trustees have been commenced.

The reorganisation of the Academy that entered into effect in 2008 was the beginning of a comprehensive structural reform that was adopted by the General Mee-ting in June 2010 and is now being implemented. With these measures, the Academy is reacting to the huge in-crease in its duties in the last few years within its various research-promoting functions.

The present Progress Report for 2008 and 2009 presents an insight into the variety of the Academy’s research and publication activities and is also intended to serve the public as evidence of the Academy’s accomplishments.

Preface

Prof. Dr. Helmut DenkPresident

Prof. Dr. Sigrid Jalkotzy-DegerVice President

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The Austrian Academy of Sciences is a learned society, a research-performing organisation, an institution that promotes young researchers and a purveyor of know-ledge. As a research-performing organisation it car-ries out basic research at the highest level. Through its scholarship programme the OeAW makes a sustainable contribution to the career development of young resear-chers. As a purveyor of knowledge it is a hub for the exchange and discussion of scientific knowledge.

The Activity Report for 2008 and 2009 provides an in-sight into the many activities and achievements of the Academy and provides public evidence of the success enjoyed by the OeAW. 2006 saw the start of a reform of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the aim of which is to enable it to better fulfil its role as a research-performing organisation in the future.

The scientific system constitutes the most important node in the network of innovation, because it organises both the creation of knowledge and the training of the

next generation of researchers. The institutes belonging to the Academy are undergoing a process of transfor-mation, a process which will have an effect on everyone participating in the research and innovations system, and which will increase both their level of achievement and their capacity for networking.

The reinforcement of excellent research driven by a desi-re to increase knowledge should result in long-term, sustainable economic growth and have a positive effect on the national economy as a whole. Furthermore, it will contribute to the development of our culture in general. Progress made in scientific research has a value of its own, since by increasing reflective capabilities it strengthens society’s cultural development.

I wish the Academy and its employees the same success in future years as in the past two.

Dr. Beatrix KarlFederal Minister of Science and Research

Research Facilities of the Section for Mathematics

and Natural Sciences

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Biology and Medicine

CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbHHead: Giulio Superti-Furga

Aims and FunctionsCeMM, the Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, uses post-geno-mic molecular technologies and systems-level approa-ches intersected with medical and clinical needs to identify novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. At the core of CeMM’s mission is the drive towards a more personalized, targeted and safe medicine.

As knowledge of human and biological processes is expanding exponentially, and while the scope for me-dical breakthroughs is potentially enormous, the costs in terms of developing clinical treatments can also be prohibitive and this poses difficult moral issues for society. The challenge is to produce better treat-ments that are both effective and sufficiently econo-mically viable such that they can be made available to everyone. Though this is beyond the scope of any single research institute, CeMM was founded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences in an attempt to ac-celerate this process and, together with the Medical University of Vienna (MUV) and the General Hospital of Vienna (AKH), to play an active and major role in the Austrian biomedical research area. To better serve its mission, CeMM is constructing a new purpose-built research centre located in the heart of the AKH cam-pus. The close cooperation with the Medical University and the AKH offers a unique opportunity to contribu-te to significant research findings. When scientists and medical doctors work hand-in-hand, the clinical chal-lenges can be solved and the vision of patient-oriented medicine can be achieved.

The research interests of CeMM focus on cancer, inflammation and immune disorders. At CeMM, the mode-of-action of pathologically-relevant proteins and novel or existing drugs is determined. Pathological processes are linked via an interdisciplinary systems-biology strategy and implemented into alternative and

innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. These systems-biology techniques encompass modern post-genomic methods including proteomics, chemi-cal biology, biological-chip technologies and bioinfor-matics. CeMM provides access to these technologies to the biomedical community via research coopera-tion and is a training and teaching center for a new generation of researchers in molecular medicine.

Results for 2008–2009At the beginning of 2005, Giulio Superti-Furga took over the scientific leadership of CeMM. Besides the Director’s group, CeMM consists of 5 Principal In-vestigators, namely Denise Barlow, Christoph Bin-der, Sylvia Knapp, Robert Kralovics and Sebastian Nijman. One of the organizational milestones in 2009 was the successful international recruitment of two additional PIs to complement and strengthen the current faculty. Kaan Boztug, MD/geneticist, wor-king on innate deficiencies of the immune system, and Olaf Gross, PhD, working on innate immunity from a cell- and systems-biology point of view, will both start at CeMM at the beginning of 2011.

In the last two years, CeMM members have been very successful, receiving many third-party funds and awards. A short overview in chronological order:

Robert Kralovics won the New Investigator Grant of the American MPD (Myeloproliferative Disor-ders) FoundationOrder of Merit of the Republic of Italy, Knight Officer, awarded to Giulio Superti-Furga in recognition of his achievements as outstanding representative in the scientific and academic field of AustriaJacques Colinge, Head of Bioinformatics, is sub-project leader in the GEN-AU project BIN III (Bioinformatics Integration Networks) coordina-ted by the Graz University of Technology

12 CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH

Giulio Superti-Furga and Keiryn Bennett, Head of Mass Spectrometry, are subproject leaders in the GEN-AU project APP III (Austrian Proteomics Platform) coordinated by the Medical University of InnsbruckGiulio Superti-Furga is coordinator of the GEN-AU project PLACEBO (Platform Austria for Chemical Biology) Christoph Binder appointed as Junior Profes-sor for Atherosclerosis Research at the Medical University of ViennaWillhelm-Türk-Award of the Austrian Society for He-matology and Oncology awarded to Damla Olcaydu, Medical Doctor and Pre Doctoral Fellow at CeMM for her publication “A common JAK2 haplotype con-fers susceptibility to myeloproliferative neoplasms”Sebastian Nijman won a grant financed by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) and a second one funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) on his research topic “Searching for Cancer’s Achilles’ Heels”“Wiener Zukunftspreis 2009” of the City of Vien-na awarded to Sebastian Nijman in the category “Newcomer & Start-ups”Giulio Superti-Furga was awarded the Karl Landsteiner-Prize by the Austrian Society of Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI) for the paper “An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identi-fies AIM2 as a cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome”, published in Nature Immuno-logy and the most highly cited basic medical re-search paper authored in Austria in so farERC Advanced Investigator Grant awarded to Giulio Superti-Furga. With the €2m support, Giulio Superti-Furga and his team will study the body’s immediate reaction to infections within the overall CeMM goal of bridging basic molecu-lar biology and applied medicine. The project will start in spring 2010. (Fig. 1).

In strategic and scientific questions, CeMM is advised by a Scientific Advisory Board of world-recognized, international researchers:

Prof. Dr. Richard Flavell (Chairman, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medi-cine, New Haven, USA)Prof. Dr. James D. Griffin (Chair, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA)Prof. Dr. Carl-Henrik Heldin (Director, Ludwig In- stitute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE)Prof. Dr. Denis Hochstrasser (Head, Central

Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Geneva University Hospital, CH)Prof. Dr. David Livingston (Deputy Director, Da-na-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, USA), chair of the SABProf. Dr. William E. Paul (Chief, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, USA)Prof. Dr. Hidde Ploegh (Member, Whitehead Ins-titute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA) Prof. Dr. Nadia Rosenthal (Head, EMBL-Euro-pean Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monteroton-do Outstation, Rome, I)Prof. Dr. Louis M. Staudt (Head, Molecular Bio-logy of Lymphoid Malignancies Section, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA)Dame Prof. Dr. Janet Thornton (Director, European Bioinformatics Institute in Cambridge, UK, Group Leader, EMBL-European Molecu-lar Biology Laboratory, Hinxton Outstation, Cambridge, UK).

BibliographyIn 2008 and 2009, we have seen the fruits of the first years’ investments. Particularly the publication of several medical-oriented papers in high impact journals reflects the potential of the collaborations bet-ween CeMM and clinical departments of the MUV.

Here are some examples:Global target profile of the kinase inhibitor bosu-tinib in primary chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Remsing Rix LL, Rix U, Colinge J, Hantschel O, Bennett KL, Stranzl T, Müller A, Baumgartner C, Valent P, Augustin M, Till JH, Superti-Fur-ga G. Leukemia. 2009 Mar;23(3):477-85. Epub 2008 Nov 27.A common JAK2 haplotype confers susceptibili-ty to myeloproliferative neoplasms. Olcaydu D, Harutyunyan A, Jäger R, Berg T, Gisslinger B, Pabinger I, Gisslinger H, Kralovics R. Nat Genet. 2009 Apr;41(4):450-4. Epub 2009 Mar 15.Oxidation-specific epitopes are dominant tar-gets of innate natural antibodies in mice and hu-mans. Chou MY, Fogelstrand L, Hartvigsen K, Hansen LF, Woelkers D, Shaw PX, Choi J, Perk-mann T, Bäckhed F, Miller YI, Hörkkö S, Corr M, Witztum JL, Binder CJ. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1335-49. Epub 2009 Apr 13.TREM-1 activation alters the dynamics of pul-monary IRAK-M expression in vivo and improves

13CeMM – Research Center for Molecular Medicine GmbH

use it to implement the development of innovative the-rapeutic and diagnostic strategies (from the clinic to the clinic), it is important to foster existing collaborations and to start new projects. With a new research facility situated in the heart of the AKH and MUV campus, the logistical advantage is an inherent part of CeMM‘s opportunity and mandate to be successful in a field where the clinical and scientific worlds meet.

host defense during pneumococcal pneumonia. Lagler H, Sharif O, Haslinger I, Matt U, Stich K, Furtner T, Doninger B, Schmid K, Gattrin-ger R, de Vos AF, Knapp S. J Immunol. 2009 Aug 1;183(3):2027-36. Epub 2009 Jul 13.

As it is one of the major goals of CeMM to combine insight obtained from basic and clinical research and to

Fig. 1: ERC Granti-Five Approach: Interferon-focused Innate Immunity, Interactome & InhibitomeThe proposed integrative proteomic approach aspires to derive a functionally-annotated map of the molecular machinery involved in viral re-�� !�� !� ��"�� #�� -��$�� %��'��#� #��#�� (��)�� (�� #��#� �� # ��-standing of the interferon branch of molecular innate immunity.

14

Breath Research Institute

Head: Anton Amann

Aims and functionsThe Breath Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences is located in Dornbirn (Vorarlberg). It is an internationally oriented research center focusing on vola-tile compounds in exhaled breath, saliva, urine or sweat.Analysis of exhaled breath is non-invasive, and therefo-re well accepted by patients of every age.

The analytical repertoire used at the institute allows detection of compounds at very low concentrations: 1 part of a compound in 109 parts of air (1 part-per-billion, 1 ppb). This corresponds to 1 cubic millimeter in 1 cubic meter. Surprisingly, many different volati-le compounds are observed in exhaled breath at this concentration level. An example is isoprene, a hy-drocarbon, which is produced by plants as well as mammals. In humans, it is produced as a by-product of the cholesterol synthesis. A typical concentration of iso-prene in exhaled breath of humans is around 100 ppb.Apart from volatiles from patients and volunteers, the institute also has an area of research dealing with in vitro investigations of volatiles released by bacteria or cell lines. This gives complementary information, and may be used to elucidate metabolic pathways and bio-chemical origins of volatile compounds.Volatiles in exhaled breath are sometimes compounds which are produced during enzymatic detoxification of other compounds by, e.g., cytochromes P450. The con-centration pattern of volatiles in exhaled breath therefore is in part related to the activity spectrum of cytochrome P450 enzymes. In particular, inactivity of such enzymes due to genetic polymorphisms may have a considerable effect. Therefore the Breath Research Institute will build up a research focus on “personalized medicine” which includes genetic information. The latter is complemen-tary to information on the phenotype as exemplified by the concentration pattern in exhaled breath. This focus on “personalized medicine” will also include research on 13C-labelled compounds for non-invasive breath tests.

Results for 2008–2009The analytical methods used at the institute allow a broad portfolio of applications:

Exhaled breath analysis for medical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoringReal-time analysis of exhaled breath with ac-companying simulation of lung mechanics and hemodynamicsAnalysis of urine headspaceSearch for entrapped persons based on compounds released by breath, urine and sweatAnalysis of headspace of bacterial cultures as well as human cell culturesUse of isotopically labelled precursor compounds for personalized medicine.Most prominent among the conducted projects were two EU-projects:The EU-project BAMOD (6th framework), dealing with exhaled breath analysis of patients suffering from lung cancer and oesophageal cancer.The EU-project “Second Generation Locator for Urban Search and Rescue Operations” (SGL for USaR, 7th framework), investigating strategies to detect entrapped persons after major disasters (e.g. earthquakes, explosions or terror attacks). A related project for gas-analytical search operations using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry was funded by the Aust-rian Agency for Research and Development (FFG).

The BAMOD lung cancer study was conducted in in-tensive cooperation with Prof. Jochen Schubert’s Breath Research Group at the University of Rostock. In this study we could not identify one particular molecular species characteristic for lung cancer, but defined a panel of about 40 compounds, which arise in exhaled breath of lung cancer patients with increased probability or with increased concentration when compared to healthy vo-lunteers (see Bajtarevic et al., BMC Cancer 9, see Fig. 1).

15Breath Research Institute

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In the field of urban search and rescue operations, a major focus was laid on compounds released from breath and urine and the investigation of their sprea-ding through different debris materials (see Fig. 2).

Another focus of research was the investigation of headspace of bacteria and human cell lines, the latter with a particular focus on lung cancer.

We investigated the lung cancer cell lines NCI-H2087, NCI-H1666, CALU-1 and A549 com-paring them with healthy primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) and human fib-roblasts (hFB). First results have been published in Sponring et al. (Anticancer Res 29) and Filipiak et al. (Cancer Cell Int 8; Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 19: 182).Investigation of bacteria arising in ventilator-associated pneumonia was started in a project funded by the Austrian Agency for Research and Development (FFG).

An additional focus of research concerned the real-time measurement of concentrations of isoprene and acetone in exhaled breath (see King et al., J Breath Res 3, see Fig. 3) of volunteers under an ergometer challenge. Apart from exhaled breath, medical para-meters like the ECG, cardiac output and blood pressu-re were also recorded in these experiments. Isoprene is appearing in breath in a relatively high concentration of ~100 parts-per-billion (ppb). We could demonstra-te that even a small ergometer challenge (e.g. of 75 W) leads to a huge increase of isoprene concentration in breath by a factor of ~4. This increase in concentra-tion (from ~100 ppb to ~400 ppb) starts within a few seconds and therefore is not expected to reflect a change in the metabolic synthesis rate of isoprene. Acetone shows a behavior which is entirely different from isop-rene with no pronounced increase during an ergome-ter challenge (but similarities to the behavior of etha-nol). The observations in ergometer experiments were corroborated by real-time analysis of exhaled breath in the sleep laboratory. Since isoprene is a by-product of

16 Breath Research Institute

Buszewski, B., J. Nowaczyk, T. Ligor, P. Olszowsky, M. Ligor, B. Wasiniak, W. Miekisch, J. K. Schubert, A. Amann: Preparation and characterization of mi-croporous fibers for sample preparation and LC-MS determination of drugs. J. Separation Sci., 32, 2448-2454, 2009; doi: 10.1002/jssc.200900094.Ligor, M., T. Ligor, A. Bajtarevic, C. Ager, M. Pi-enz, M. Klieber, H. Denz, M. Fiegl, W. Hilbe, W. Weiss, P. Lukas, H. Jamnig, M. Hackl, B. Buszew-ski, M. Miekisch, J. Schubert, A. Amann: Determi-nation of volatile organic compounds appearing in exhaled breath of lung cancer patients by solid pha-se microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 47, 550-560, 2009; doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2009.133.Sponring, A., W. Filipiak, T. Mikoviny, C. Ager, J. Schubert, W. Miekisch, A. Amann, J. Troppmair: Release of volatile organic compounds from the lung cancer cell line NCI-H2087 in vitro. Antican-cer Res., 29, 419-426, 2009.Mochalski, P., B. Wzorek, I. Sliwka, A. Amann: Improved pre-concentration and detection me-thods for volatile sulphur breath constituents. J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 1856-1866, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.010.

cholesterol biosynthesis, such experiments and the accompanying mathematical simulations of lung mechanics and hemodynamics have potential for future therapeutic monitoring during operations or in an intensive care unit. Additional projects dealt with the monitoring of valproic acid therapy or with breath analy-sis of drug addicts.Last but not least it is a central interest of the Breath Research Institute to contribute to the further development of the “Journal of Breath Research” (JBR), which is published by the Institute of Phy-sics (IOP, Bristol, UK). The director of the Breath Research Institute is also Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Breath Research, together with his colleague Prof. Mel Rosenberg from Tel Aviv.

BibliographyBajtarevic, A., C. Ager, M. Pienz, M. Klieber, K. Schwarz, M. Ligor, T. Ligor, W. Filipiak, H. Denz, M. Fiegl, W. Hilbe, W. Weiss, P. Lukas, H. Jamnig, M. Hackl, A. Haidenberger, B. Buszew-ski, W. Miekisch, J. Schubert, A. Amann: No-ninvasive detection of lung cancer by analysis of exhaled breath. BMC Cancer, 9, 348, 16 p., 2009; doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-348.

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17Breath Research Institute

the lung cancer cell line CALU-1 in vitro. Cancer Cell Int., 8, 17, 11 p., 2008; doi: 10.1186/1475-2867-8-17.Eisenmann, A., A. Amann, M. Said, B. Dat-ta, M. Ledochowski: Implementation and in-terpretation of hydrogen breath tests. J. Breath Res., 2, 046002, 9 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/2/4/046002.Krkošová, Ž., R. Kubinec, L. Soják, and A. Amann: Temperature – programmed GC linear retention in-dices of all C4 – C30 monomethylalkanes on methyl-silicone OV – 1 stationary phase. A contribution towards a better understanding of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. J. Chromatogr. A, 1179, 59-68, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.081.

King, J., A. Kupferthaler, K. Unterkofler, H. Koc, S. Teschl, G. Teschl, W. Miekisch, J. Schubert, H. Hinterhuber, A. Amann: Isoprene and acetone concentration profiles during exercise at an ergo-meter. J. Breath Res., 3, 027006, 16 p., 2009; doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/3/2/027006.Mochalski, P., B. Wzorek, I. Sliwka, A. Amann: Suitability of different polymer bags for storage of volatile sulphur compounds relevant to breath ana-lysis. J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 189-196, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.003.Filipiak, W., A. Sponring, T. Mikoviny, C. Ager, J. Schubert, W. Miekisch, A. Amann, J. Troppmair: Release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from

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supported by its administration and a platform consist-ing of the GMI’s own services, including state-of-the-art plant growth facilities, as well as joint services with the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology and the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology. The GMI is em-bedded within the Vienna Biocenter Campus in pur-pose-built premises and provides a lively, international working environment, with employees from 22 coun-tries. The working language is English. In addition to the core budget from the Austrian Academy of Sci-ences, GMI researchers successfully attract substantial funding from the Austrian Science Fund, the EU, the US National Institutes of Health and the US National Science Foundation.

In 2009, Magnus Nordborg from the University of Southern California, USA was appointed as Scientific Director of the GMI. In his words, “The objective of the GMI is to provide a world class environment for basic research in plant biology — an environment in which some of the most challenging and important questions of modern biology can be addressed”.

GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology

Head: Magnus Nordborg

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Aims and functionsThe importance of plant biology is difficult to overstate. Research on plants has led to many fundamental breakthroughs, from Gregor Mendel’s elucidation of the basic principles of genetics, via Barbara McClintock’s discovery of transposons, to the recent work on epigenetics and RNA silencing. During the last 20 years, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has emerged as a primary experimental system for modern molecular biology. In addition, plants are the primary producers of the world’s ecosystems and are, thus, central to life on earth, a fact to which rising food prices and a rapidly changing climate have brought renewed attention.

Research at the GMI, which is the only international centre for basic plant research in Austria, is carried out by independent research groups, led either by senior or junior group leaders. Research is curiosity driven and covers many aspects of molecular genetics, including basic mechanisms of epigenetics, population genetics, chromosome biology, developmental biology and stress signal transduction. The GMI’s research activities are

�<GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology

targeting DNA methylation to specific regions of the genome by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and in establishing blocks of silent chromatin that specify chromosome features such as centromeres. Forward genetic screens performed by the group of Marjori and Antonius Matzke have recently identified DMS3 (a structural maintenance of chromosome hinge domain-containing protein), DMS5/NRPE1 (the largest subunit of Pol V), DMS6/DCL3 (DICER-LIKE3) and DMS4 (an IWR1-type transcription factor) as important components of RdDM. Interestingly, in contrast to other dms mutants, dms4 shows defects not only in RdDM but also developmental defects (Fig. 2).

The lab of Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid has characterised an epigenetic “double lock” silencing system that is only alleviated upon simultaneous removal of DNA methylation and histone methylation. The group has further discovered significant changes in chromatin organisation upon prolonged heat stress, providing evidence that environmental conditions can override epigenetic control.

Fig. 2: Appearance of a dms4 �� Arabidopsis thaliana��

Results for 2008–2009

1. Population geneticsOne of the most important challenges facing biology today is making sense of genetic variation. Understand-ing how genetic variation translates into phenotypic variation (Fig. 1) and how this translation depends on the environment is fundamental to our understanding of evolution, and has enormous practical implications for both medicine and agriculture. Magnus Nordborg studies a wide range of topics related to population ge-netics including the genetic basis of phenotypic varia-tion, molecular evolution, speciation and adaptation to the environment. Although his empirical research fo-cuses on Arabidopsis thaliana, his group works on many different organisms, including Aquilegia and African green monkeys. As a world expert in genome-wide as-sociation (GWA) studies for studying natural variation, Magnus Nordborg has pioneered this technology in A. thaliana, including developing statistical methodology for dealing with confounding due to population struc-ture. His most recent work on a GWA study of 107 phenotypes in a common set of A. thaliana inbred lines is in press in the journal Nature (see bibliography). As DNA sequence information is vital for GWA studies, Magnus Nordborg is involved in the 1001 genomes project (http://www.1001genomes.org/), which uses next generation sequencing in its aim to discover the whole-genome sequence variation in 1001 strains of the reference plant A. thaliana. This project is similar to the 1000 genomes project (http://www.1000genomes.org) investigating human genetic variation. Magnus Nordborg is a major partner of a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Center of Excellence in Genomic Science that aims to investigate the regulatory networks by which genetic variation leads to phenotypic vari-ation. Magnus Nordborg is also a member of evolVi-enna, a virtual organisation created to bridge the 50 or so research groups based in Vienna studying various aspects of evolutionary biology.

2. EpigeneticsEpigenetics, which can be defined as heritable changes that are not associated with differences in the DNA sequence, forms the focus of several research groups at the GMI. Silencing of genes through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA cytosine methylation, is essential for plant and animal development, as well as for protecting genomes from invasive sequences such as transposable elements and viruses. Recent work has uncovered important roles for small RNAs produced through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in

20 GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology

The blunt-ended telomeres are stabilised by Ku, a protein complex that is implicated in chromosome end protection in a wide range of organisms including humans. The Riha group has also revealed that despite their heterochromatic features, Arabidopsis telomeres are expressed and that some telomeric transcripts are processed by the RNA-directed DNA methylation machinery into small heterochromatin siRNAs that reinforce telomeric heterochromatin by mediating methylation of telomeric DNA. In recognition of his achievements, Karel Riha was awarded the Novartis Research Prize in Biology as well as a START Prize from the Austrian Research Fund in 2008.

BibliographyAtwell S, Huang YS, Vilhálmsson BJ, Willems G, Horton M, Li Y, Meng D, Platt A, Tarone A, Hu TT, Jiang R, Muliyati NW, Zhang X, Amer MA, Baxter I, Brachi B, Chory J, Dean C, Debieu M, de Meaux J, Ecker JR, Faure N, Kniskern JM, Jones JDG, Michael T, Nemri A, Roux F, Salt DE, Tang C, Todesco M, Traw MB, Weigel D, Marjoram P, Borevitz J, Bergelson J, Nordborg M (2010)

Hisashi Tamaru’s lab has been investigating the epige-netic states of centromeric heterochromatin in sperm cell nuclei (SN) and vegetative cell nuclei (VN) of Ara-bidopsis pollen and has discovered that vegetative nuclei invariably undergo extensive decondensation of centro-meric heterochromatin and lose centromere identity.

3. Telomeres and genome stabilityTelomeres are indispensable elements of eukaryotic chromosomes that are important for the complete replication of linear genomes and for the stability of chromosome ends. As a consequence, they have important implications for human cancer and ageing. The key feature of telomeres is their ability to allow differentiation of native chromosome ends from deleterious DNA double-strand breaks, which they do by forming complex capping structures (Fig. 3). Karel Riha has made the fundamental discovery of a novel mechanism of chromosome end protection. The Riha lab has discovered that a substantial portion of Arabidopsis telomeres end with a blunt end and not with a 3’ single stranded protrusion which is important for the formation of so called t-loops.

Fig. 3: Model illustrating the formation of a chromosome end protective cap in Arabidopsis and human cells. After DNA replication, the lagging telomere acquires a G-overhang, while the leading telomere is blunt-ended. In humans, the blunt end is processed by a nuclease [1], which allows formation of t-loops at both sides of a chromosome [2]. In Arabidopsis, the blunt end is stabilised by a cap that includes Ku [3]. In the absence of O��( ��(��0�� (��Q��#�� S=U��V�� ?�� 0��SWU��%��(� ��(�� SXU��

21GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology

Transgenerational stress memory is not a general response in Arabidopsis. PloS ONE 4(4):e5202.Kanno T, Bucher E, Daxinger L, Huettel B, Böhmdorfer G, Gregor W, Kreil DP, Matzke M, Matzke AJ (2008) A structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes hinge domain-containing protein is required for RNA-directed DNA methylation. Nature Genet 40:670-675.Nordborg M, Weigel D (2008) Next-generation genetics in plants. Nature 456:720-723.Daxinger L, Kanno T, Matzke M (2008) Pol V transcribes to silence. Cell 135(4):592-594.Jones AM, Chory J, Dangl JL, Estelle M, Jacobsen SE, Meyerowitz EM, Nordborg M, Weigel D (2008) The impact of Arabidopsis on human health: diversifying our portfolio. Cell 133:939-943.Riehs N, Akimcheva S, Puizina J, Bulankova P, Idol RA, Siroky J, Schleiffer A, Schweizer D, Shippen DE, Riha K. (2008) Arabidopsis SMG7 protein is required for exit from meiosis. J Cell Sci 121:2208-2216.

Genome-wide association study of 107 phenotypes in a common set of Arabidopsis thaliana inbred lines. Nature (in press).Kanno T, Bucher E, Daxinger L, Huettel B, Kreil DP, Breinig F, Lind M, Schmitt MJ, Simon SA, Gurazada SG, Meyers BC, Lorkovic ZJ, Matzke AJ, Matzke M (2009) RNA-directed DNA methylation and plant development require an IWR1-type transcription factor. EMBO Rep 11:65-71.Daxinger L, Kanno T, Bucher E, van der Winden J, Naumann U, Matzke AJ, Matzke M (2009) A stepwise pathway for biogenesis of 24-nt secondary siRNAs and spreading of DNA methylation. EMBO J 28:48-57.Schoft VK, Chumak N, Mosiolek M, Slusarz L, Komnenovic, V, Brownfield L, Twell D, Kakutani T, Tamaru H (2009) Induction of RNA-directed DNA methylation upon decondensation of constitutive heterochromatin. EMBO Reports 10:1015-1021.Pecinka A, Rosa M, Schikora A, Berlinger M, Hirt H, Luschnig C, Mittelsten Scheid O (2009)

22

cluding all postdoctoral and student projects are an-nually evaluated by the Scientific Advisory Board of the IMBA. The current SAB members are: Eric Kan-dell, winner of the Nobel Prize for molecular control of memory; Guenther Blobel, winner of the Nobel Prize for protein targeting; Kenneth Chien, Director of the Cardiovascular Research Center Department of Cell Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital; Tony Hyman, Max Plank Institute, Dresden, Susan Lindquist, previous Director of the Whitehead Insti-tute, MIT, Cambridge, and HHMI investigator; Gary Ruvkun, co-discoverer of microRNAs and recipient of the Lasker Award 2008, Massa chusetts General Hos-pital, Boston; and Fiona Watt, a world famous stem cell researcher, London. IMBA is also recognized as an excellent place for training students and provides mul-tidisciplinary training opportunities for students and post-doctoral fellows in advanced molecular genetics, functional mouse genomics, immunology, RNA bio-logy, stem cell biology, or molecular pathology (www.imba.oeaw.ac.at/career).Based on the current expertise and international standing of IMBA investigators, the laboratory space available, the faculty size required to increase compe-titiveness and “buffer” faculty turn-over, and in order to develop a strong and recognizable research profile we propose in the mid-term to hire 1 more Senior Scientist and 4 more Junior PIs with a focus on the three following topics:

Disease Modeling and Mouse GeneticsCell and Stem Cell BiologyRNA Biology and Epigenetics

Results for 2008–2009The mammalian system for controlling bone remodelling also regulates fever (Hanada et al. Nature 2009)The so-called RANK protein and the molecule that binds to it, the RANK ligand or RANKL, have formed a focus of Penninger’s work since 1999, when his group

Aims and FunctionsThe IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology is a subsidiary of the Austrian Academy of Sciences located at the Campus Vienna BioCentre, a cluster of research ins-titutes and companies dedicated to excellence of research (http://www.imba.oeaw.ac.at). IMBA is a joint initiative of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and Boehringer In-gelheim governed by a supervisory board and sharing all infrastructures.. IMBA is directed by Josef Penninger (Scientific Director), Michael Krebs (Administrative Di-rector) and Jürgen Knoblich (Deputy Scientific Director with full power of attorney). When we started IMBA in 2003 the challenge was how to develop a new research institute that is indeed compe-titive at the international level. In the last years, IMBA has developed into the largest institute of the Austri-an Academy of Science in both personnel and budget. Importantly IMBA scientists have already performed groundbreaking research. As an example, ~ 50% of all publications that directly come from Austrian institu-tions in the top scientific journals Nature, Science, and Cell have been published by IMBA/IMP researchers in the last 5 years; half of this scientific output comes from IMBA. Moreover, in the last 5 years the Wittgenstein prize, the top science prize in Austria has been awarded twice to researchers working at IMBA and two senior and one junior ERC grants have been awarded to IMBA researchers. IMBA researchers also cooperate with other research centres and have been invited to literally hund-reds of lectures at meetings including multiple keynote and distinguished lectures and in some cases lectures on public policies and lectures to children.The philosophy and business model of IMBA was al-ways to hire the best young scientists in the world and to provide them with academic freedom and free access to the best possible infrastructure. Thus, IMBA has in-deed been able to attract some of the best young minds. IMBA currently has 3 Senior Scientists and 5 Junior Principal Investigators (PIs). All science at IMBA in-

IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH

Head: Josef Penninger

23IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH

control of body temperature. Unlike normal mice, mice that had been engineered to lack RANK in the brain did not respond to simulated infections by raising their body temperature although they appeared otherwise normal. Taken together, these results show that RANK and its ligand are involved in the regulation of the body’s fever response to fight infections.Because Penninger’s group had previously shown that RANK and RANKL control the production of milk during pregnancy, it seemed possible that the system might also have an effect on the body temperature of females. Indeed, female – but not male – mice la-cking RANK in the brain show a significant increase in body temperature compared with their littermates, at least during daylight hours. As a result, such female mice have much lower differences in body tempera-ture between day and night. Because the experimen-tal work was performed in mice and rats, it seemed extremely likely that the results would be relevant to other mammals, including man. Proof that this is the case arose when the IMBA group learned of a family whose children had defects in the RANK gene. As predicted, these children showed much lower fever responses to infection. Even when they contracted

deleted the RANKL gene from mice and showed that the RANK/RANKL system was the “master regula-tor” governing bone loss (Kong et al. 1999 Nature 402, 304-309). The work provided the fist genetic proof for a completely new and rational treatment for osteoporo-sis, one of the most serious public health problems for older women. The results of phase III clinical trials for a human antibody to RANKL have recently been pu-blished (see Cummings et al. 2009, New Eng. J. Med. 361, 756-765) and, pending approval by the authori-ties, it is conceivable that this antibody will soon be made widely available for osteoporosis treatment. Considering that such treatments might be of potential benefit to millions of patients, it is important to under-stand any possible side-effects. The function of RANK and RANKL in the brain was completely unknown. To investigate it, Reiko Hanada - an endocrinologist and Postdoc in Penninger’s group - injected RANKL into mice and rats, intending to look for effects on behavi-or. The results were dramatic and obvious – the animals stopped moving and developed really high temperatures. RANK and RANKL are not present in all areas of the brain. Rather, the proteins were found to be restricted to areas that other groups had previously implicated in the

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24 IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH

This quantum leap is the result of a new procedure with which makes it possible to analyse complex biological processes in all the genes of the fruit fly simultaneously. This unusually extensive gene analysis was only made possible by using the IMP-IMBA fly library, which was compiled by neurobiologist Barry Dickson. The data-base contains 20,000 strains of flies and in each of the-se exactly one gene is deactivated.This amounts to a paradigm shift as far as medical pro-gress is concerned. When faced with a clinical picture, the old approach was to search for the responsible gene, the proverbial needle in a haystack. In principle, all ge-nes are now known, and the question is a much more systematic one: what exactly do the genes related to the illness control in the body? In future it will be possib-le to tackle the identification of the causes of illnesses even more systematically.

The first genome wide screen on innate immunity (Cronin et al. Science 2009)A paper by Shane Cronin et al. (Science 2009) descri-bes the first genome-wide in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen to isolate genes which control the fly’s response to ingested pathogenic bacteria. It took more than five

pneumonia, their body temperatures scarcely rose. This data links bone metabolism to the control of tem-perature during infection and, even less expectedly, to the gender-specific control of body temperature. It is conceivable that the RANK/RANKL system may be responsible for the sudden bursts of high temperature associated with hormonal changes – and with osteo-porosis – in older women. The experiments were performed at the IMBA in close collaboration with groups at the Medical University of Vi-enna as well as in Berlin and Shuh Narumiya in Japan.

Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi (Mummery-Widmer et al. Nature 2009). Our genes determine how we look, but also what illnes-ses we suffer from. Since the beginning of this century, all human genes have been identified. But what function does each gene have in the organism? For humans this question will remain unanswered for some time to come, but for a model organism like the fruit fly an answer is already possible. A new approach enabled IMBA resear-cher Jürgen Knoblich to investigate the function of genes across an organism’s whole genotype simultaneously.

Fig. 2: Leonie Ringrose, Junior Group Leader at IMBA, having a conversation with one of her students. *��+�);98!�^��O��

25IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology GmbH

Penninger. Central control of fever and female body temperature by RANKL/RANK. Nature, 462, 505-509. 2009. Mummery-Widmer, J. L., Yamazaki, M., Stoeger, T., Novatchkova, M., Bhalerao, S., Chen, D., Dietzl, G., Dickson, B. J., and Knoblich, J. A. (2009). Genome-wide analysis of Notch signal-ling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi. Nature 458, 987-992.Cronin, SJ., Nehme, NT., Limmer, S., Liegeois, S., Pospisilik, JA., Schramek, D., Leibbrandt, A., Simoes, Rde M., Gruber, S., Puc, U., Ebersberger, I., Zoranovic, T., Neely, GG., von Haeseler, A., Ferrandon, D., Penninger, J. M. (2009). Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies genes involved in intestinal pathogenic bacterial infection. Science 325(5938):340-345. Schwamborn, J. C., Berezikov, E., and Knoblich, J. A. (2009). The TRIM-NHL protein TRIM32 activates microRNAs and prevents self-renewal in mouse neural progenitors. Cell 136, 913-925.Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Neely, G. G., Yaghubian-Mal-hami, R., Perkmann, T., van Lool, G., Ermolaeva, M., Veldhuizen, R., Leung, Y. H. C., Wang, H., Liu, H., Sun, Y., Pasparakis, M., Kopf, M., Mech, C., Bavari, S., Peiris, J. S. M., Slutsky, A. S., Aki-ra, S., Hultqvist, M., Holmdahl, R., Nicholls, J., Jiang, C., Binder, C. J., and Josef M. Penninger. Identification of oxidative stress and Toll like re-ceptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury. Cell 133, 235-249. 2008.Aronica L, Bednenko J, Noto T, DeSouza LV, Siu KW, Loidl J, Pearlman RE, Gorovsky MA, Mochizuki K. (2008), Study of an RNA helicase implicates small RNA-noncoding RNA interac-tions in programmed DNA elimination in Tet-rahymena, Genes Dev. 22(16):2228-41.Koestler SA, Auinger S, Vinzenz M, Rottner K, Small J. V., (2008), Differentially oriented popu-lations of actin filaments generated in lamellipo-dia collaborate in pushing and pausing at the cell front, Nat Cell Biol. 3:306-13. Epub 2008 Feb 17.Neumuller, R. A., Betschinger, J., Fischer, A., Bushati, N., Poernbacher, I., Mechtler, K., Co-hen, S. M., and Knoblich, J. A. (2008). Mei-P26 regulates microRNAs and cell growth in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell lineage. Nature 454, 241-245.Wirtz-Peitz, F., Nishimura, T., and Knoblich, J. A. (2008). Linking cell cycle to asymmetric division: Aurora-A phosphorylates the Par complex to regulate Numb localization. Cell 135, 161-173.

years and involved around two million data points to find out which of the ~ 13,000 fly genes are involved in innate immunity.Contrary to acquired immunity which is a feature of mammals, innate immunity is a fast, non-specific re-action to external pathogens and is found in all animal organisms. In flies, it involves the activity of intestinal defenses, antimicrobial peptides and macrophage-like cells in the blood. The screen took advantage of the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Library, a powerful tool of 22,000 strains of fruit flies located at IMBA. The experiment included feeding the flies with the highly infectious bacterium Serratia marcescens to which immunocompetent flies usually succumb within six days. IMBA researchers were able to switch off the fly’s genes one by one, using a standardized heat shock procedure as trigger.In addition to previously known genes and pathways, the experiments revealed more than 800 additional ge-nes involved in innate immunity, the majority of which had unknown function until now. Intriguingly, some ten percent of these genes seem to have a negative func-tion against infection: when they were switched off, the infected flies actually lived longer than the expected six days, in some cases much longer. For the other 90% of immune-compromised fruit flies, life was significantly shortened by one or two days. Because of the high degree of conservation of innate immunity, the results are also relevant for immunolo-gists interested in higher animals and humans. One of the next steps will therefore be to find out which of the isolated genes have relevance in the context of mammalian immunity. The work was carried out in collaboration with Dominique Ferrandon and Nadine Nehme of the Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS in Strasbourg.

BibliographyPospisilik, J. A., Schramek, D., Cronin, S. J. F., Nehme, N. T., Todoric, J., Bayer, M., Orthofer, M., Neely, G. G., Dietzl, G., Manoukian, A., Fu-novics, M., Prager, G., Wagner, O., Ferrandon, D., Hui, C.-C., Esterbauer, H., and J. M. Penninger. Drosophila whole genome mining reveals Hedge-hog-signaling as a key regulator of brown/white adipose cell fate. Cell, Jan 8. 2010. Hanada, R., Leibbrandt, A., Hanada, T., Kitao-ka, S., Furuyashiki, T., Fujihara, H., Trichereau, J., Paolino, M., Qadri, F., Plehm, R., Klaere, S., Komnenovic, V., Mimata, H., Yoshimatsu, H., Takahashi, N., Haeseler, A., Bader, M., Kilic, A. S., Ueta, Y., Pifl, C., Narumiya, A., and J. M.

26

Aims and FunctionsThe Institute for Biomedical Aging Research (IBA) focuses on all questions related to biogerontology and is the only one of its kind in the whole of Austria. Worldwide, the segment of the population aged 60 and over has been increasing rapidly.

In 2001, in Austria more than one-fifth of the population was over 60 years of age and by 2030, this segment will have risen to one third. As a result of the predicted demographic changes, aging research has been gaining more and more importance to define new approaches to meet age-related needs.

The goal of biomedical research on aging is to help people grow old with dignity and in good health. Basic research at the IBA comprises the analyses of aging processes at the cellular level to better understand age-related impairments and diseases and furthermore, to postpone/prevent age-related impairments and diseases in order to improve the quality of life in old age. At the moment, there are six research groups at the institute, who put all their effort into decoding molecular mechanisms of cellular aging in different models and analyzing their impact on the differentiation and function of cells.

Research activities at the IBA are supported by numer-ous national and international co-operations. This way, the institute successfully collaborates with the Tyrolean Universities and Health Authorities. Additionally, the institute coordinates the FWF sponsored national re-search network “Proliferation, differentiation and cell death in aging cells” (NFN S9301) and participates in eight different EU-projects. In collaboration with the Medical University Innsbruck, the IBA coordinates the PhD-program for Biogerontology (“The aging of biological communication systems”), which is of high importance to its students.


Immunology GroupIn the period under report, the group has specialized in studying the restructuring of the CD8 T cell repertoire in elderly persons. Of high interest in this regard is the result that oxidative modifications modulate the antigenicity of immunodominant peptides. This demonstrates that immune reactions drastically change through oxidative stress situations, which often occur in old age. Another interesting result is that authophagy is an essential mechanism for the survival of T lymphocytes in old age and that autophagy is induced by polyamines.

Endocrinology GroupThe group’s work put an emphasis on molecular mechnanisms which underly the biological aging of the male, particularly the prostate. Hereby genes and their protein products, which are responsible for tissue reorganisation of the aging prostate, were identified. The studies focus on the proteins Dickkopf 3 (DKK3) and PAGE-4.

Stem Cell and Extracellular Matrix Research GroupThe group made it possible to prove for the first time that human mesenchymal stem cells in old age exist in the same number but with decreased quality and that the functional loss is mainly due to chronic inflammatory stimuli. Within a large scale animal experiment, which studied the effects of radiotherapeutic treatment to mesenchymale stem cells in vivo, the unexpected result was obtained that very high doses of radiation cause permanent damage hardly or not at all.

Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research GroupThe group’s aim is to study the role of caloric restriction (CR) in human fat cells. Caloric restriction is the only known intervention that reduces the rate of biological

Institute for Biomedical Aging ResearchHead: Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein

27Institute for Biomedical Aging Research

the framework of the above mentioned NFN, it was possible to show that four microRNAs, namely miR-17, miR-19b, miR-20a and oR-106a are commonly down-regulated in different models of cell aging. Decreases in these miRNAs correlated with increased transcript levels of some established target genes, especially the cdk inhibitor p21/CDKN1A. These results establish miRNAs as novel markers of cell aging in humans.

BibliographySpoden, G. A., S. Mazurek, D. Morandell, N. Bacher, M. J. Ausserlechner, P. Jansen-Dürr, E. Ei-genbrodt, W. Zwerschke: Isotype-specific inhibi-tors of the glycolytic key regulator pyruvate kinase subtype M2 moderately decelerate tumor cell pro-liferation. Int. J. Cancer, 123, 312-321, 2008; doi: 10.1002/ijc.23512.Kloss, F. R., R. Gassner, J. Preiner, A. Ebner, K. Larsson, O. Hächl, T. Tuli, M. Rasse, D. Moser, K. Laimer, E. A. Nickel, G. Laschober, R. Brunauer, G. Klima, P. Hinterdorfer, D. Steinmüller-Nethl,

aging. In the period under report, the molecular impact of the “CR mimetic” resveratrol as well as new CR mimetics, namely inhibitors of metabolic key regulators, were identified. Furthermore, it was shown that a decrease in the retinol-binding protein-4 level through CR contributes to an improved regulation of the glucose-metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity.

Aging of Smooth Muscle Research GroupIn this research area, the molecular mechanisms of the function of the smooth muscle filament Myorod were discovered.

Molecular and Cell Biology GroupAn especially interesting finding within the research activity of this group was the proof that oxygen radicals, which are produced through the NADPH oxidase Nox4, have a major impact on the aging of endothelial cells. Therefore, it can be assumed that if Nox4 is blocked pharmacolocically, the aging of cells and possibly tissue can be influenced. In another experiment the group showed a functional connection between age dependent changes of mitochondrial function and the function of the proteasom, an organelle which is used to eliminate damaged proteins. These results clarify the mechanisms of skin aging in human beings.

NFN-cooperationThrough intense collaboration of research groups at the IBA with other Austrian research groups in

Fig. 1: Staining of the mitotic spindle apparatus and cytoplasmic tubulin �(�� (�� part of the cytoskeleton, in red, in hu-man epithelial cells.

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�> Institute for Biomedical Aging Research

Lener, B., R. Koziel, H. Pircher, E. Hütter, R. Greussing, D. Herndler-Brandstetter, M. Her-mann, H. Unterluggauer, P. Jansen-Dürr: The NADPH oxidase Nox4 restricts the replicative lifespan of human endothelial cells. Biochem. J., 423, 363-374, 2009; doi: 10.1042/BJ20090666. Eisenberg, T., H. Knauer, A. Schauer, S. Büttner, C. Ruckenstuhl, D. Carmona-Gutierrez, J. Ring, S. Schroeder, C. Magnes, L. Antonacci, H. Fussi, L. Desczc, R. Hartl, E. Schraml, A. Criollo, E. Mega-lou, D. Weiskopf, P. Laun, G. Heeren, M. Breiten-bach, B. Grubeck-Loebenstein, F. Herker, B. Fahren-krog, K.-U. Fröhlich, F. Sinner, N. Tavernarakis, N. Minois, G. Kroemer, F. Madeo: Induction of au-tophagy by spermidine promotes longevity. Nat. Cell Biol., 11, 1305-1314, 2009; doi: 10.1038/ncb1975.Weiskopf, D., A. Schwanninger, B. Weinberger, G. Almanzar, W. Parson, S. Buus, H. Lindner, B. Grubeck-Loebenstein: Oxidative stress can alter the antigenicity of immunodominant peptides.

G. Lepperdinger: The role of oxygen termination of nanocrystalline diamond on immobilisation of BMP-2 and subsequent bone formation. Biomate-rials, 29, 2433-2442, 2008; doi:10.1016/j.biomate-rials.2008.01.036.Weinberger, B., D. Herndler-Brandstetter, A. Schwanninger, D. Weiskopf, B. Grubeck-Loeben-stein: Biology of immune responses to vaccines in elderly persons. Clin. Infect. Dis., 46, 1078-1084, 2008; doi: 10.1086/529197.Zenzmaier, C., G. Untergasser, M. Hermann, S. Dirnhofer, N. Sampson, P. Berger: Dysregula-tion of Dkk-3 expression in benign and malignant prostatic tissue. Prostate, 68, 540-547, 2008; doi: 10.1002/pros.20711.Zenzmaier, C., J. Marksteiner, A. Kiefer, P. Berg-er, C. Humpel: Dkk-3 is elevated in CSF and plasma of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J. Neuro-chem., 110, 653-661, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06158.x.

Fig. 3: miRNA array of immune cell sub-populations from young and elderly donors.

Abb. 4: T-Zellen

�<Institute for Biomedical Aging Research

Eckhard, E. Tschachler, C. Papak, M. Scheideler, Z. Trajanoski, R. Grillari-Voglauer, B. Grubeck-Loebenstein, P. Jansen-Dürr, J. Grillari: miR-17, miR-19b, miR-20a and miR-106a are down-regulated in human aging. Aging Cell, 9, 291-296, 2010; [epub ahead of print 18.01.2010] doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00549.x.

J Leukoc. Biol., 87, 165-172, 2010; [epub ahead of print 2.10.2009] doi: 10.1189/jlb.0209065.Hackl, M., S. Brunner, K. Fortschegger, C. Schreiner, L. Micutkova, C. Mück, G. Laschober, G. Lepperdinger, N. Sampson, P. Berger, D. Herndler-Brandstetter, M. Wieser, H. Kühnel, A. Strasser, M. Breitenbach, M. Rinnerthaler, L.

Fig. 4: The small worm C.elegans is an important tool in aging research: Picture from the recently established C.elegans facility at the IBA.

30

Aims and FunctionsBiophysics is the essential link between biochemistry and cell biology. While biochemistry focuses primarily on the molecular chemical reactions underlying the essential biological functions, such as metabolism, energy transformation and information storage, cell biology concentrates on the whole cell as an integral element of living and dying systems. Between these poles lie at least four orders of magnitude in dimensions. The dominating question to be answered bybiophysics, is therefore: how does structural self-organization of billions of molecules in a nanosystem lead to a living microorganism? One may safely use the analogy between the single person and its manifold interactions and synergies within the society that is more than the sum of its individuals.

The objectives of the IBN within this broad pursuit are well defined: the principles and forms of molecu-lar self-organization, especially of lipids and proteins within the aqueous medium of the cytoplasm are at the focus of research. These entities play key roles in compartmentation and transport within the cell. The

structures concerned lie below the limit of resolution of the light microscope, and hence their visualization requires special techniques of X-ray diffraction and scattering. The development and implementation of new X-ray techniques at synchrotron radiation facili-ties as well as in the routine laboratory, is a well-rec-ognized speciality of the IBN.

The knowledge gained from biophysical and nanosys-tems research has important, fundamental relevance to biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. On the other hand, new approaches towards the design of nano-biotechnological devices, e.g. in the bio-functionaliza-tion of supramolecular systems for the use in diagnostics or synthesis, result from the research at the IBN.

The research projects of the IBN are embedded in nu-merous national and international programmes, such as the Austrian Nano-Initiative (NanoHealth), the programmes of the FWF, and EU framework pro-grammes. The IBN-Outstation at the synchrotron light source ELETTRA in Trieste is a world-wide rec-ognized research facility heavily used by the interna-tional scientific community (Fig. 1).


Working group R. PRASSL (Lipoproteins and Lipid Nanoparticles) The Prassl working group has continued its efforts to elucidate structural elements of ApoB100. The dynamics of ApoB100-containing lipoprotein fractions were investigated by elastic incoherent neutron scattering (ILL, Grenoble). Specific differences in the temperature dependency of the effective force constants of LDL and VLDL were assigned. While the crystallization trials on detergent solubilized ApoB100 were intensified, self-assembling short-chain peptides were explored with the goal to stabilize the lipid-free protein.

Institute for Biophysics and Nanosystems Research

Head: Peter Laggner

Fig. 1: The IBN operates a beamline for X-ray Nanoanalytics at the Synchrotron light source ELETTRA, Trieste – Italy.

31

lipid composition of the target membrane insertion of antimicrobial peptides leads to a variety of membrane defects (significant changes in bilayer thickness, elastic properties, supramolecular aggregation and pore formation), which in turn can induce membrane disruption. These peptides, derived from a fragment of human lactoferricin, which also exhibit endotoxin neutralizing activity, have been tested in pre-clinical studies within a spin-off originating from this project.

In collaboration with the Center of Medical Research in Graz a new specific surface marker (phosphatidylserine) has been found for a number of cancer cell lines (Fig. 3), which can be a target for membrane-active peptides. Therefore within an EC and a national research project highly specific peptides towards this marker will be developed, which present highly potent candidates for new anticancer drugs.

Working group H. Amenitsch (synchrotron radiation; Outstation at ELETTRA, Trieste)The Amenitsch working group is in charge of the Austrian SAXS-Beamline at ELETTRA which is integrated as a user-facility in international synchrotron research. In the frame of the EU-project

The fabrication of multifunctional liposomes for medical diagnostics was successfully improved. Various biomolecules (i.e. lectin, adiponectin, regulatory peptides and antibodies) were covalently linked to liposomes for specific cellular recognition. The linkage of marker molecules (Gd3+, radionuclides or fluorescence labels) now enables the visualization of the functionalized liposomes with different imaging modalities. Alternatively, experiments to incorporate ironoxide nanoparticles into liposomes for magnetic resonance imaging have been initiated.

The development of a liposomal drug delivery system for the aerosolic application of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was successfully completed

Working group Karl Lohner (Functional Lipidomics) The Lohner working group is mainly engaged in the development of new agents against antibiotic resistant bacteria and related sepsis as well as against cancer. These new agents are derived from human host defense peptides. The focus relates to the elucidation of the molecular mode of action of the newly designed agents on model- and cell membranes. Biophysical studies showed that depending on the


Fig. 2: Design and synthesis of multifunctional liposomes for medical diagnostics: Stealth liposomes are enriched with synthesized lipid-derivati-#��(��?�� #��

32

SAXIER (http://www.saxier.org/), methodological developments in the fields of microfluidics and gas phase analysis were performed and the project was successfully terminated. Essential achievements in regard to single particle structural analysis were reached by the combination of laser-tweezers and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Promising approaches regarding the interaction of single particle were continued with experiments on single starch grains. Furthermore, the investigations on the nanoscopic structural changes of the collagen in human arteries were concluded and the project has been completed.

Working group P. Laggner (Physical Chemistry) The Laggner research group focuses on the development and the implementation of new methods and concepts in the field of nanosystems research. Thus, this group provides the basis for the other working groups at the IBN with emphasis on the structural and the dynamic properties of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases and their phase transitions. In the past two years, research has mainly focused on the effects of ceramides (sphingolipids enzymatically generated

e.g. during apoptosis) on membrane dynamics and structure. We found significant changes to the lateral heterostructure of membranes that are large enough to affect the functioning of membrane proteins through a mechanical coupling. (Fig. 4a)A second focus is the development of a lab X-ray technique: the recently developed small-angle X-ray (SAXS) camera with a 50 W micro-source has been further optimized. Currently swapping the optics from line- to point-focus (and vice versa) can be done easily. Furthermore, new sample stages have been add-ed, among them a high-pressure X-ray cell to measure samples under pressures of up to 1000 bar. Optionally the camera can also be equipped with a high-precision stepper motor, allowing us to measure the surface structure of thin films in the grazing incidence mode (“GISAXS”), a beam geometry where the incident X-ray beam probing the sample is almost parallel to the surface of the sample (as opposed to the conventional “transmission” mode).

Another goal is to complement the camera with a DSC-(differential scanning calorimetry) sample stage (DSC-SAXS) enabling us to monitor simultaneously thermodynamic and nanostructural changes of a sample undergoing a thermotropic phase transition (Fig. 4b)

BibliographyPabst, G., B. Boulgaropoulos, E. Gander, B. R. Sa-rangi, H. Amenitsch, V. A. Raghunathan, and P. Laggner: Effect of ceramide on nonraft proteins. J. Membrane Biol., 231, 125-132, 2009; doi: 10.1007/s00232-009-9211-3.


*��"+�* �� 0�� (��(�� 8��0�� 8 0�=>>� �� # �� * �� transmission� �� +�� +�� line SBCL2 bottom: prostate cancer cell line LNCaP.

*��=+� ��D�� %��0�� 0�� The inset shows a simulation of the hydrodynamic focusing inside the ��0��(��D��#�� D8�D��#��#� ��/�/�3 particle growth.

33

Hodzic, A., P., Rappolt, H. Amenitsch, P. Laggner, and G. Pabst: Differential modulation of mem-brane structure and fluctuations by plant sterols and cholesterol. Biophys. J., 94, 3935-3944, 2008; doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.123224.Stark, B., F. Andreae, W. Mosgöller, M. Edets-berger, E. Gaubitzer, G. Köhler, and R. Prassl: Li-posomal vasoactive intestinal peptide for lung ap-plication: Protection from proteolytic degradation. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, (1) 153-164, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.04.01.Prassl, R., M. Pregetter, H. Amenitsch, M. Kriechbaum, R. Schwarzenbacher, and M. J. Chapman: Low density lipoproteins as circu-lating fast temperature sensors. PlosOne, 3(12): e4079, 6 p., 2008.Prassl, R., and P. Laggner: Molecular structure of low density lipoprotein. Current Status and Future Challenge. Eur. Biophys. J., 38, (2) 145-158, 2009; doi: 10.1007/s00249-008-0368-y.Lohner, K.: New strategies for novel antibiotics: peptides targeting bacterial cell membranes. Gen. Physiol. Biophys., 28, 105-116, 2009; doi: 10.4149/gpb_2009_02_105.Zweytick, D., S. Tumer, S. E. Blondelle, and K. Lohner: Membrane curvature stress and antibac-

terial activity of lactoferricin derivatives. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 369, 395-400, 2008: doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.176.Sevcsik, E., G. Pabst, W. Richter, S. Danner, H. Amenitsch, and K. Lohner: Interaction of LL-37 with model membrane systems of different complexity – influence of the lipid matrix. Bio-phys J., 94, 4688-4699, 2008; doi: 10.1529/bio-physj.107.123620.Shyjumon, I., M. Rappolt, B. Sartori, H. Amen-itsch, and P. Laggner P.: Novel in situ setup to study the formation of nanoparticles in the gas phase by small angle x-ray scattering. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 79, 043905, 5 p., 2009; doi: 10.1063/1.2908436.Falcaro, P., L. Malfatti, H. Amenitsch, B. Mar-mioli, G. Grenci, and P. Innocenzi: Fabrication of advanced functional devices combining soft chemistry with X-ray lithography in One Step, Adv. Mater., 21, (48) 4932-4936, 2009; doi: 10.1002/adma.200901561.Arsov, Z., M. Rappolt, and J. Grdadolnik: Weakened hydrogen bonds in water confined between lipid bilayers: The existence of a long-range attractive hydration force. Chem. Phys. Chem. 10, 1438-1441, 2009; doi: 10.1002/cphc.200900185.

*��W�+�@��/��-�� D;��(��(�� D;�� D;� �� |/�� membrane structure were found to be large enough to affect the activ-ity of membrane channels.

Fig. 5b: Compact high-performance small-angle X-ray camera in �(��+��D"�;�� +��W�V��(��#��( �� -��#��0�� >��0�W��|��#��by courtesy of Hecus X-ray Systems GmbH, Graz, Austria.


34

Aims and FunctionsThe Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology (KLIVV) is a research institute for the study of animal behavior. It was founded in 1945 and named after Konrad Lorenz who played a central role in pioneering the field of ethology (also known as behavioral biology). The institute has five senior scientists, nine post-doctoral scientists (supported mostly by external funding), 14 support staff, and several graduate students. KLIVV is highly international, as the scientists and students come from many different countries (Fig. 1).

The research addresses interdisciplinary questions con-cerning both the proximate mechanisms and the evo-lution of behavior. The scientists study a diversity of species, especially vertebrates (including H. sapiens), in the laboratory, in seminatural conditions, and in the field. KLIVV has unusually good facilities for studying animals in captivity, close access to the field, and a fully equipped molecular genetic laboratory.

The main topic of interest is sexual selection, as it po-tentially explains many puzzling aspects of behavior, such as the complex and elaborate courtship displays found in many species. Furthermore, sexual selection provides an example of how behavior can generate genetic and evolutionary changes. In addition to con-ducting basic research on animal behavior, the institute aims to apply insights from ethology to better under-stand the behavior of our own species – and address applied problems in conservation and the environment.

Results for 2008–2009KLIVV scientists published 50 papers in international, peer-reviewed journals – which is a new record for the institute, and several publications received attention from the international press. Y. Moodley (2009 Science) received the Best Paper Award for 2009 by the Austrian

Academy of Sciences and the City of Vienna. Below are some highlights of recent publications:

Zala and Penn found that female mice prefer the scent of males genetically resistant to infectious agents (N-ramp “knock-ins”), and resistant males have better ability to maintain high testosterone during infection than susceptible ones (Zala et al. 2008). They also found that elevated testosterone levels, induced by exposing males to female scent, does not suppress immunity, contrary to what is generally assumed, though it increases the ener-getic costs of resolving infection.Ilmonen and Penn investigated the mechanisms that control life-history trade-offs between sur-vival and reproduction in wild house mice. They previously found that elevated reproduction and social stress cause attrition of telomeres, the DNA-protein complexes on the ends of chromo-somes that control genomic integrity and cellular senescence. Recently, they showed that repeated exposure to infectious agents also reduces tel-omere length, which may contribute to senes-cence (Ilmonen et al. 2008).Ilmonen and Penn previously found that even moderate levels of inbreeding causes significant reductions in fitness in wild mice, and they began investigating whether inbreeding reduces males’ mating success only through male-male competi-tion or also female choice. Recently, they found that inbred females prefer the scent of genetically outbred versus inbred males, suggesting that in-bred females may have more to gain than outbred females by mating with outbred, heterozygous males (Ilmonen et al. 2009).Hettyey and Hoi investigated behaviors that fe-male frogs use to cope with sexual coercion and sperm competition. They studied two related and sympatric species where heterospecific mating results in inviable offspring, as the fitness conse-

Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology

Head: Dustin Penn

35

recommendations for sustainable management of this endangered species (Schaub et al. 2009).

KLIVV scientists obtained three grants from the Austrian National Science Foundation (FWF), one by Wagner and two by Hoi. Hoi also received a grant from the Austrian Ministry of Sciences’ Sparkling Science program.

To commemorate the Darwin Year in 2009, KLIVV scientists promoted evolutionary biology through pub-lic outreach and education (Fig. 3).

BibliographyHettyey, A., S. Baksay, B. Vági, H. Hoi: Counter-strategies to sexual coercion by heterospecifics in female frogs. Anim. Behav., 78, 1365-1372, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.09.006.Hoi, H., and M. Griggio: Dual utility of a mel-anin-based ornament in bearded tits. Ethol-ogy, 114, 1094-1100, 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01566.x.

quences of mating with a male of a wrong spe-cies are severe. They found that females recognize when they are mounted by heterospecific males, and they have subtle, yet effective means to avoid the complete loss of a year’s reproductive effort (Hettyey et al. 2009) (Fig. 2). Hoi and Griggio used bearded tits to test the armament-ornament dual utility model, which predicts that females exploit the same signals males use in aggressive contests, and they found that beard length plays an important role in both male-male competition and female choice (Hoi & Griggio 2009).Wagner and his colleagues found that kittiwake gulls tend to mate with genetically dissimilar individuals, and that such pairs produce more heterozygous offspring with enhanced survival (Mulard et al. 2009). They previously found that female gulls preferentially utilize new ver-sus old sperm from their mates to fertilize eggs, and more recently they found evidence that old sperm causes hatching failure, slower embry-onic development and poor hatchling condition (White et al. 2008). Wagner and colleagues found experimental evi-dence that an invertebrate (Drosophila) possesses the cognitive ability to exploit public information when choosing their mates (Mery et al. 2009).Beissmann and colleagues examined the prob-lem of reintroducing captive-bred Alpine bearded vultures into the wild. They estimated survival probabilities and fecundity to project population size and extinction risk in the future, and made

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Fig. 2: Female frogs suf-fer enormous reproduc-tion costs when mating with a male of a wrong species.

36

Ilmonen, P., G. Stundner, M. Thoß, and D. J. Penn: Females prefer the scent of outbred males: good-genes-as-heterozygosity? BMC Evol. Biol., 9, 104, 10 p., 2009; doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-104.Ilmonen, P., A. Kotrschal, and D. J. Penn: Telomere attrition due to infection. PLoS ONE 3(5): e2143, 6 p., 2008; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002143.Mery, F., S. A. M. Varela, E. Danchin, S. Blan-chet, D. Parejo, I. Coolen, R. H. Wagner: Public versus personal information for mate copying in an invertebrate. Curr. Biol., 19, 730-734, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.02.064.Moodley, Y., B. Linz, Y. Yamaoka, H. M. Windsor, S. Breurec, J.-Y. Wu, A. Maady, S. Bernhöft, J.-M. Thiberge, S. Phuanukoonnon, G. Jobb, P. Siba, D. Y. Graham, B. J. Marshall, M. Achtman: The peopling of the Pacific from a bacterial perspective. Science, 323, 527-530, 2009; doi: 10.1126/science.1166083.Mulard, H., E. Danchin, S. L. Talbot, A. M. Ramey, S. A. Hatch, J. F. White, F. Helfenstein, R. H. Wagner: Evidence that pairing with geneti-

cally similar matesis mal-adaptive in a monoga-mous bird. BMC Evol. Biol., 9, 147, 12 p., 2009; doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-147.Schaub, M., R. Zink, H. Beissmann, F. Sarrazin, R. Arlettaz: When to end releases in reintroduction programmes: demographic rates and population viability analysis of bearded vultures in the Alps. J. Appl. Ecol., 46, 92-100, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01585.x.White, J., R. H. Wagner, F. Helfenstein, S. A. Hatch, H. Mulard, L. C. Naves, E. Danchin: Multiple deleterious effects of experimentally aged sperm in a monogamous bird. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, (37) 13947-13952, 2008; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0803067105.Zala, S. M., B. K. Chan, St. D. Bilbo, W. K. Potts, R. J. Nelson, D. J. Penn: Genetic resistance to infection influences a male’s sexual attractiveness and modulation of testosterone. Brain Behav. Immun., 22, (3) 381-387, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.09.003.

*��"+�*��Y��8��^�� -posium, entitled Darwin and Behavioural Sciences, at the Conference /��Q��9��|�� (�� @#� ��;��+�8�Q��/��!@#� ��/��#��+!!��!� �##!#� ��!��(��(��European Society for Evolutionary Biology, as part of the society’s efforts to improve public education and counter intelligent design and other forms of creationism.


37

Earth Sciences

Institute for Geographic Information Science

Head: Josef Strobl

Aims and Functions The Institute for Geographic Information Science ‘GIScience’ is focussed on basic research for Geoinformatics. Spatial Analysis and Spatial Data Infrastructures are core themes complemented by transversal work on the modeling of space-time phenomena and the introduction of ‘thinking spatially’ to learners from target groups in formal and informal education.

Geographic Information Science is considered the theoretic basis and conceptual foundation for geoin-formatics as a methodology. GIScience researches the representation as models, the organisation, analysis and visual communication of all kinds of georefer-enced information. It thus serves as the foundation for applications of Geographic Information Systems (‘GIS’) in industry, public administration and in the personal sphere of individuals.

The aim of spatial analysis is to extract information from georeferenced empirical data. Research objectives are directed at advanced remote sensing image analysis, at the geostatistical analysis of 3D and 4D data sets and the modeling and simulation of dynamic processes.

Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) are complex architec-tures supporting the full spectrum of Geo-ICT applica-tions. The implementation of distributed geo-databases requires an extensive set of continuously evolving stand-ards. The GIScience unit contributes to current research on metadata, catalog services and portal development in collaboration with national and international consortia.

Integrated Space-Time analysis is based on extended data models, and requires dedicated analytical strat-egies as well. Research aims are directed at the de-velopment of new analytical operators for spatiotem-poral data as well as their validation across various application contexts.

Competence in spatial communication and spatial think-ing is the foundation for the practical use of geospatial information in business and daily life. Transfer into and through schools is therefore actively supported, with the additional objective of fostering interest in academic programmes within the science and technology fields.

Results for 2008–2009Our goal is to advance Geographic Information Science through interdisciplinary research with a strong focus on conceptual and methodological aspects. The ÖAW Institute for GIScience intends to be a leading research entity recognized for its contributions to and international leadership in the foundations of Geoinformatics. This is being achieved by addressing carefully selected key topics at the leading edge of international research in GIScience.

Space and TimeOne group within the GIScience Institute explores the cognitive, social and operational aspects of space

*��+��(%��9��)��8�� +�"Y�� -�� |��#��(��;��/��(%��9��)��8�� !#�0 � �� )�� "Y�� 0�� +� �� (�� #��(�� ?��(��#� ��;�� |��^��

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and time in GIScience. This transversal research topic is a common base for many team members. Examples of research in 2008-2009 are the spatio-temporal modeling of natural reforestation considering the GIScience perspective, or global scale trends analysis based on a worldwide statistical database. Another research focus is on analyzing existing and developing new geovisualization concepts for the mapping of change. This cooperative work within the GIScience Institute explores options to visualize and analyze the dynamic properties of geo-related processes.

Spatial Data InfrastructuresOur research contributes to the specification of interoperable services like metadata and catalog implementations and to advanced multi-dimensional data models, the integration of real-time sensor input and open interfacing across systems architectures. In 2009 we have submitted the first report for the FP7 project within the eContent+ framework; NatureSDIplus, a project which contributes to the INSPIRE initiative.

Spatial Analysis, Modelling and SimulationResearch questions address segmentation-based information extraction from remotely sensed imagery and computer tomography as well as multidimensional

geostatistics and the regionalization of dynamic processes. In December 2009, we submitted an “FWF” application for funding a stand-alone project researching the heterogeneous knowledge of GIScience geoinformatics and image processing capabilities. A major new initiative was launched in the area of object-based image analysis; OBIA – 3D and 4D modeling (paper accepted by the International Journal of Remote Sensing).

Learning to Think SpatiallySuccessful acquisition and communication of spatial knowledge is required across all segments of society. In 2009 the research focus was on providing knowledge on collaborative learning environments with a specific emphasis on value added by spatial representation and collaborative vizualisation. After successfully completing a project within the national “Sparkling Science” initiative, we have recently successfully applied for a two year Sparkling Science Project entitled “Geovisualisation and Communication in Participatory Decision Processes”.

BibliographyAhamer, G., A. Car, R. Marschallinger, G. Wallentin, F. Zobl: How to map perspectives.

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Ubiquitous Comput. Commun. J. (UbiCC), 4, (3) 609-617, 2009;.Car, A., O. Dahlman, B. Andersson, and P. Zeil: Games and scenarios in the context of GMOSS, in: Remote Sensing from Space: Supporting International Peace and Security, B. Jasani, M. Pesaresi, S. Schneiderbauer and G. Zeug (Eds.), pp. 71-86, Springer, Netherlands, 297 p., 2009; doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8484-3_6.Fischer, F.: Volunteered Geographic Information - Baustein zukünftiger Geoinformations-infrastrukturen?, in: Geokommunikation im Umfeld der Geographie, Karel Kriz, Wolfgang Kainz und Andreas Riedl (Hrsg.), Wiener Schriften zur Geo-graphie und Kartographie 19, Wien, 218 S., 2009.Hofmann, P., J. Strobl, and T. Blaschke: Quantifying the robustness of fuzzy rule sets in object based image analysis. Int. J. Remote Sens., accepted, 2010.Marschallinger, R., Ch. Eichkitz, H. Gruber, K. Heibl, R. Hofmann, and K. Schmid: The Gschliefgraben Landslide (Austria): A Remediation Approach involving Torrent and Avalanche Control, Geology, Geophysics, Geotechnics and Geoinformatics. Austrian J. Earth Sci., 102, (2) 36-51, 2009.Hofmann, P., R. Marschallinger, and G. Daxner-Höck: 3D volume modelling of fossil small

mammal teeth using micro CT and object based image analysis, in: Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing, J. M. R. S. Tavares and R. M. Natal Jorge (Eds.), pp. 395-399, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 464 p., 2009.Drăguţ, L., T. Schauppenlehner, A. Muhar, J. Strobl, and T. Blaschke: Optimization of scale and parametrization for terrain segmentation: An application to soil-landscape modeling. Comput. Geosci., 35, (9) 1875-1883, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.10.008, 2008.Wallentin, G., U. Tappeiner, J. Strobl, and E. Tasser: Understanding alpine tree line dynamics: An individual based model. Ecol. Model., 218, 235-246, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.07.005.Jekel, T., Die Macht der Karten und die Macht der Kinder. Versuch einer Begründung des Lernens mit Geoinformation, in: kind : macht : raum, K. Dobler, T. Jekel and H. Pichler (Hrsg), S. 62–75, Wichmann, Heidelberg, 173 S., 2008.Lang, S., S. Schoepfer, D. Hoelbling, T. Blaschke, M. Moeller, T. Jekel, E. Kloyber: Quantifying and Qualifying Urban Green by Integrating Remote Sensing, GIS and Social Sciences, in: Use of Landscape Sciences for the Assessment of Environmental Security, Petrosillo et al. (Eds.), pp. 93-105, Springer Press, Netherlands, 497 p., 2008; doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6594-1_6.

Fig. 4: Time and Space: The TREELIM model was develo-ped in the NetLogo modelling framework to simulate tree line ��Q��V� ��


40

Aims and FunctionsThe Center for Geosciences (GWZ) was founded in 2008 as a managing organization for a uniform representation of the earth sciences both within the Austrian Academy of Sciences and in public. Besides having its own responsibilities, the center encompasses and coordinates the following commissions of the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences of the academy that focus on the earth sciences:

Commission for the Paleontological and Stratigra-phical Research of AustriaCommission for Geophysical ResearchCommission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw MaterialsCommission for Quaternary Research.

The duties of the Center for Geosciences according to the by-laws include the following:

Identifying innovative geoscientific research topicsInitiating and supporting interdisciplinary geosci-entific research projectsPresenting a uniform face and coordinatiing the earth sciences both within the academy as well as in publicOrganizing outreach activities in the geosciencesAiding the scientific commissions in some of their administrative dutiesPreparing a joint annual report for the geoscience activities of the academy.

The members of the Center for Geosciences include a head and a deputy head, as well as the chairmen and deputies of the four geoscience commissions of the acad-emy. They meet at least twice a year for consultations.The Center for Geosciences has a Scientific Advisory Board (SAB), which consists of six renowned interna-tional geoscientists. The SAB provides advice and con-trol for the center on scientific topics and support in performing its duties.

Results for 2008–2009Prospective interdisciplinary research topics within the four earth scientific commissions have already been discussed by the members of the GWZ. Since no joint scientific activities have been carried out so far, the reports for 2008-2009 will be separate ones for each of the commissions. A joint report for the geoscience activities of the academy will be submitted from hope-fully 2010 onwards.In 2008 two meetings of the center were held. Besides general topics, such as reports of the center and the commissions involved, space and personnel questions and logistical aspects, a number of specific items were discussed during these meetings:

By-laws of the Center for GeosciencesScientific Advisory Board of the Center for Geo-sciencesAdministrative and logistical support of the geos-cience commissions by the Center for GeosciencesFinancial administration of the geoscience com-missionsAkademIS (the science information system of the academy)Eduard Suess Lectures 2009-2010Strategy-Workshop Geosciences 2009Joint Symposium of the geoscience commissions of the academy during 2009Attendance of various scientific conferences in Austria and abroad.

A draft of the by-laws, as well as the list of the pro-posed members of the Scientific Advisory Board, were prepared during the fall 2008 meeting held jointly with the members of the GWZ and both were sub-mitted to the Presiding Committee of the Academy. In addition, the needs and wishes of the various com-missions that are part of the center were canvassed and administrative support according to the limited capacities of the center was agreed on. All financial

Center for Geosciences

Head: Hans P. Schönlaub

41

aspects remain the responsibility and duty of each re-spective commission, as the commissions receive their budget directly from the academy.

At the beginning of 2009 the Presiding Committee of the Academy approved the by-laws and the members of the Scientific Advisory Board of the GWZ. The in-augural meeting of the SAB including the election of the chair and vice-chair was held in May 2009. During the subsequent Geoscience Symposium and Strategy-Workshop current research activities and main results of the commissions were presented and innovati-ve research topics of social relevance were discussed. Prospective thematic cooperation has been identified within topics concerning paleoclimate, Quaternary geology and raw material issues, geophysics and in the Carnian Stage of the Late Triassic.

The executive board of the GWZ was engaged in planning and organizing the “Eduard Suess Lectures” (named after the former President of the Academy and famous Austrian geologist). The first two of the total six high-quality lectures dealing with geoscience topics of public interest and importance were held in October and December 2009 (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/shared/news/2009/info_suess_lectures.html).

In connection with the current discussion on restruc-turing of the academy, a proposal for “Perspectives 2020” for the Center for Geosciences was requested by the Presiding Committee of the Academy at the end of September 2009. The critical statement, prepared by the GWZ executive board, should be understood to be the initiation of a discussion process and due to time constraints this paper could not be coordinated with the heads of the four commissions or with the Science Advisory Board of the GWZ.

BibliographyAs a consequence of the current structure and the lim-ited resources, no publications of the Center for Geo-sciences are available at this time.

Center for Geosciences

42

Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria (CPSA) focuses on the two basic topics in earth sciences, palaeontology and stratigraphy. It aims to foster basic scientific knowledge in this field of science but also to provide its sound documentation and presentation. The original goal of the commission was the edition of the “Catalogus Fossilum Austriae” (CFA), which represents a systematic encyclopaedia of all described and indicated fossils on Austrian territory. Besides this particular aim of the commission the field of activity, however, has considerably broadened during the last years. In direct connection with the fossil documentation in CFA the database “OETYP” has been established to provide public online access to all palaeontological types and figured materials of Austrian fossil collections. Starting with 2006, the CPSA put its main emphasis on Palaeoecosystems as a prime scientific research target and considers the identification of specific Austrian topics out of this very broad scientific field as a mission. The scientific researchers have to adopt innovative methods in their particular projects and these have to be integrated into international perspectives, however, an Austrian component has still to be visible. In Stratigraphy a broad spectrum should be covered out of this wide thematic field. The basis for this is the “Stratigraphic Chart of Austria 2004 (sedimentary sequences)” which includes most lithostratigraphic units on Austrian territory (http://www.uni-graz.at/gepwww/forschung/Stratigraphische_Tabelle_von_Oesterreich_2004.pdf ). These units have to be described and documented in detail, they also have to be put into an international context and properly evaluated. The database “LITHSTRAT” acts as a documentation tool for the units. Besides this basic work also modern stratigraphic principles and methods have to be applied to Austrian rocks and sediments, to develop a broad based integrated stratigraphy in Austria.


Reef-EcosystemsWithin the project Upper Triassic reefs of the Northern Calcareous Alps work at the internationally famous model reef of the Steinplatte (Tyrol/Salzburg) was finished in 2008 and published in 2009 (B. Kaufmann). For the first time the complex subsidence/uplift history of this carbonate platform has been demonstrated. Besides this study another model reef of the Northern Calcareous Alps, the Adnet Reef (Salzburg), has been studied as part of a joint project with the TU Berlin. This study focussed on the diagenetic history of this reef and was able to demonstrate a complex sequence of karstification and flooding events of this reef by eustatic sea level changes and tectonics.

The project Devonian Reefs of Austria was continued with a focus in the Carnic Alps (T. J. Suttner). One of the topics was the study of subaeral exposure and erosion of reefs during the Middle Devonian and the resulting sedimentary gap spanning from the Middle Devonian to the Lower Carbonifereous (Fig. 1). These studies were part of IGCP project 503, Early Paleozoic Palaeogeo-graphy and Palaeoclimate, which provided additional funding and an international frame for the project.

Cenozoic Palaeoecosystems of AustriaThe project Stratigraphy and Facies in the Lower Miocene of the Molasse Zone was carried out in cooperation with the Rohöl Aufsuchungs AG (RAG) by funding a Ph.D.-project (P. Grunert). Within this project, drill-cores of Lower Miocene sediments of the Molasse Basin of Upper Austria and Salzburg are under study with respect to stratigraphy and facies (Fig. 2). The palaeontological focus deals with foraminifers and dinoflagellate cysts. In addition geochemical proxies are also under study. To enhance the general stratigraphic base for the Molasse Zone, the type locality for the

Commission for the Palaeontological and Stratigraphical Research of Austria

Head: Werner E. Piller

43

Publication projects The documentation of all described fossil fishes from Austrian territory within the CFA has been continued by O. Schultz (NHM Vienna).

Cooperations and MeetingsIn cooperation with the Italian Stratigraphic Commission evaluation and revision of the Paleozoic lithostratigraphic units of the Carnic Alps has been initiated. Cooperation with the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Nanjing on the Lower/Middle Devonian of Xinjang has been continued as well as the study of “Devonian Biotic Events” with the Czech Geological Survey.

In July 2008 the international workshop “Methods in Ostracodology” was organized by D. Danielopol, M. Gross und W. E. Piller in Graz in cooperation with colleagues from Spain and Great Britain. In September 2009 the internationally attended “Paleozoic Seas Symposium” was held in Graz organized by T. J. Suttner, B. Hubmann, W. E. Piller.

BibliographyBelmecheri, S., T. Namiotko, C. Robert, U. Von Grafenstein, and D. L. Danielopol: Climate controller preservation in Lake Ohrid (Albania, Macedonia). Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 277, 236-245, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.013.Danielopol, D. L., M. Artheau, and P. Marmonier: Site prioritisation for the protection of rare subterranean species – the cases of two ostracods

regional chronostratigraphic stage of the Ottnangian, Ottnang-Schanze, has been re-studied and re-evaluated (M. Harzhauser, NHM Vienna; W. E. Piller, Univer-sity of Graz; S. Coric, Geological Survey Vienna). An additional study deals with the spectacular finding of the sunfish Austromola angerhoferi. This megafossil was found together with other micro- and megafossils in a “Konservat Lagerstatte” near Pucking (Upper Austria). The current project deals with a palaeoceanographic and environmental reconstruction of the site and also with the specific fossilisation conditions of this Lagerstatte.Work on the catalogue on dinoflagellate cysts has been continued in the Lower Miocene but has been extended into the Oligocene (A. Soliman, University of Graz).

The project on Palaeolimnology has been intensified by collaboration between D. Danielopol (free collaborator), M. Harzhauser (NHM Vienna), W. E. Piller (University of Graz) and M. Gross (Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz) on the Upper Miocene Lake Pannon. Detailed analyses of drill-cores have been carried out which allow the detection of environmental changes on a decadal scale. These analyses have been performed with fossils (ostracods, molluscs) and using also geochemical/geophysical proxies.

Database projects Work on the databases “OETYP” (coordinator: A. Kroh, NHM Vienna) (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/oetyp/palhome.htm) and “LITHSTRAT” (coordinator: I. Zorn, Geological Survey Vienna) has been continued.

*��+�|��#�� (��?��;�� ^��/��8 ��)�� Y#��succession a reworking horizon indicates a sedimentary gap, spanning the middle Devonian to the Lower Carboniferous.


44

from south-western France. Freshwater Biol., 54, 877-884, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02033.x.Humphreys, W. F., L. S. Kornicker, and D. L. Danielopol: On the origin of Danielopolina baltanási sp. n. (Ostracoda, Thaumatocypridoidea) from three anchialine caves on Christmas Island, a seamount in the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 82, 1177-1203, 2009; doi: 10.1163/156854009X423157.Kaufmann, B: The Steinplatte complex (Late Triassic, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) – subsidence-controlled development of a carbonate-platform-to-intrashelfbasin-transition. Acta Geol. Polonica, 59, (3) 341–357, 2009.Korn, D., and B. Kaufmann: A High-Resolution Relative Time Scale For The Viséan Stage (Carboniferous) Of The Kulm Basin (Rhenish Mountains, Germany). Geol. J., 44, 306-321, 2008; doi: 10.1002/gj.1143.Namiotko, T., D. L. Danielopol, M. Pichler, and U. Von Grafenstein: Occurrence of an Arctic ostracod species, Fabaeformiscandona harmsworthi (Scott, 1899) (Ostracoda, Candonidae) in late

glacial sediments of Lake Mondsee (Austria). Crustaceana, 82, 1209-1212, 2009; doi: 10.1163/156854009X454612.Reinhold, C., and B. Kaufmann: Sea-level changes as controlling factor of early diagenesis: The reefal limestones of Adnet (Late Triassic, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). Facies, 56, 231-248, 2010; doi: 10.1007/s10347-009-0197-1.Soliman, A., T. J. Suttner, A. Lukeneder, and H. Summesberger: Dinoflagellate cysts and Ammonoids from Upper Cretaceous sediments of the Pemberger Quarry (Krappfeld, Carinthia, Austria). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien A, 110, 401-421, 2009.Suttner, T. J.: An ozarkodinid conodont cluster from Kirchfidisch (Lower Devonian, Austria). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien A, 111, 233-244, 2009. Suttner, T. J.: Lower Devonian conodonts of the “Baron von Kottwitz” quarry (Southern Burgenland, Austria). Palaeontogr. Am., 62, 75-87, 2009. Suttner, T. J., B. Hubmann, and W. E. Piller: Paleo-zoic Seas Symposium. Berichte des Institutes für Erdwissenschaften 14, Universität Graz, 94 S., 2009.

Fig. 2: Characteristic clayey-sandy silts with small-scaled cross-bedding from the Eggenburgian Hall *�� '^� � D�� ^��(�� 8��


45

Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Geophysical Research that originally included the Commission for Seismics as well as the Commission for Aero-electric Research was founded in 1952. In 1991 it was combined with the Commission for High-alpine Research and renamed “Commission for Geophysical Research”.

The scope of this commission has been concentrated on the subjects of glaciology, seismics and gravimetry with its focus on the Austrian glacier inventory, contributions to international projects in depth-reflection seismics in the Alps as well as gravimetry-measurements in Austria. The glaciology project Austrian Glacier Inventory with a 3d-inventory (ice- thickness - area - volume) gained special international importance. The gravimetric map of Austria counts as another outstanding contribution of the Commission for Geophysical Research.


The Austrian glacier inventoryBesides the statistical evaluation of the 1998-inventory, we applied a simple, reliable and time-economic method to derive recent changes in glacier area and volume by taking advantage of high resolution laser scanning DEMs (digital elevation models) from the year 2006.

Together with two existing Austrian glacier inventories (1969 and 1998) the obtained laser scanning data gives the opportunity to quantify area and volume changes over the past almost 40 years at three dates for 81 glaciers (116 km2) in the Ötztal Alps which accounts for more than a quarter of Austria’s glacier extent (Fig. 1). Glacier area and volume have reduced drastically with significant differences within the individual size classes. Between 1997 and 2006 an overall area loss of 10.5 km2 or 8.2% occurred. Volume has been reduced by 1.0 km3 which accounts for a mean thickness change of 8.2 m. The availability of three comparable inventories (1969, 1998 and 2006) allows a comprehensive analysis of glacier changes over all size classes but lacks a high temporal resolution. We therefore used glacier length as well as mass balance measurements from all available glaciers within the study area to analyse the potential course of glacier changes in terms of area and volume. Extracting the course of changes out of this additional data material allows a rough estimation of mean annual area and volume changes and thus acceleration trends. We found, that mean annual volume and thickness losses have increased considerably more than mean area changes.

A further step in understanding regionally different acceleration trends used meteorological reanalysis data (ERA40) and a gridded precipitation dataset

Commission for Geophysical Research

Head: Michael Kuhn

*�� +� @0�� boundary delineation as well as calculated volume changes on Rotmoos- and V��

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46

reflection data of the line TR0503 gained from the ÖAW projects “Development of geophysical methods for the spatial investigation of time-variant movements of rock masses: ÖAW Research Programme Geophysik der Erdkruste (GdE)” and “Integrated geophysical studies of Alpine inhomogeneous mass movements Gschliefgraben / Upper Austria: ÖAW Research Programme International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)” were processed.

The data acquisition was carried out in March 2005; the data were recorded using a seismic instrument mounted at the Karl-Eder vessel. As energy source a water-gun was used. The positions were determined by a GPS receiver mounted at the Karl-Eder vessel recording the time and position data in a 2 seconds interval (Fig. 3).The data were processed by ProMAX, a processing package used worldwide primarily for the exploration of Oil- and Gas reservoirs. In a first step the line was partitioned in clearly interpretable sections, 7 west-east and 5 north-south aligned profiles (Fig. 4a). The geodesic data necessary for processing were determined using the GPS recordings. The signal/noise ratio was significantly increased using true amplitude recovery,

(HISTALP). Fig. 2 shows mean annual winter precipitation and all Austrian glaciers. The mass balance model driven with this data is able to reproduce measured mass balance changes well and allows for implementation on unmeasured glaciers. A higher temporal resolution as well as a reconstruction of mass balances back to 1950 is the result of this study. The temporal as well as spatial variability of tuning parameters has been investigated and interpreted.

Marine Seismic Survey Traunsee, Processing Line TR0503Within the framework “Deep reflection seismic” and “Neotectonic analysis of seismic data”, seismic

Commission for Geophysical Research

Fig. 3: Course of the Karl Eder in the Traunsee.

Fig. 4: Stack Sections and V��Y��

47Commission for Geophysical Research

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water-gun delay correction and noise reduction processes; a big challenge in the process was the considerable amount of monofrequent noise. Through stacking the final, interpretable sections as shown in Fig. 4b were created. The depth map depicted in Fig. 4c is a by-product of the water-gun delay correction; it was established transforming seismic travel times into depth by the use of seismic water velocities estimated from the data. The final interpretation is currently in progress and will provide new insight concerning the geologic realities close to the Gschliefgraben.

BibliographyAbermann, J., A. Lambrecht, A. Fischer, and M. Kuhn: Quantifying changes and trends in glacier area and volume in the Austrian Ötztal Alps (1969–1997–2006). The Cryosphere, 3, 205-215, 2009.

Escher-Vetter, H., M. Kuhn, and M. Weber: Four decades of winter mass balance of Vernagt-ferner and Hintereisferner, Austria: Methodology and results. Ann. Glaciol., 50, 87-95, 2009; doi: 10.3189/172756409787769672.Knoll, C., H. Kerschner, and J. Abermann: Devel-opment of South Tyrolean glaciers since the Little Ice Age maximum. Zs. Gletscherkunde Glazialgeol., 42, (1) 19-36, 2009.Kuhn, M., A. Lambrecht, J. Abermann, G. Patzelt und G. Gross 2009: Die österreichischen Glet-scher 1998 und 1969. Flächen- und Volumenän-derungen, Kommission für die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Dienststellen des Bundesmi-nisteriums für Landesverteidigung, Projektbericht 10, Verlag Österreichische Akademie der Wissen-schaften, Wien, 128 S., 2009.Kuhn, M., J. Abermann, M. Bacher and M. Olefs: The transfer of mass balance profiles to unmeas-ured glaciers. Ann. Glaciol., 50, (1) 185-190, 2009; doi: 10.3189/172756409787769618.Kuhn, M., J. Abermann, M. Olefs, A. Fischer, and A. Lambrecht: Gletscher im Klimawandel: Aktu-elle Monitoringprogramme und Forschungen zur Auswirkung auf den Gebietsabfluss im Ötztal, Mitteilungsblatt des Hydrographischen Dienstes in Österreich, 86, 31-48, 2009.Kuhn, M.: Klimawandel und Gletscherschwund, in: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die österreichische Wasserwirtschaft, Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft und Österreichischer Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaftsverband (Hrsg.), S. 129–140, Wien, 204 S., 2009.

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Aims and FunctionsThe main aim of the commission is to promote research which has a connection to the Quaternary period. Included fields of research are: glaciology, palaeontology, anthropology, geology of the Quaternary, dating, and palaeoclimatology - the latter has a prominent position within the aforementioned fields of research. In addition, the reconstruction of the climatic changes in the Alps between the Middle Pleistocene and the Holocene is a current key aspect of the research group.These palaeo-climatologic studies are based on material that shows evidence of former climatic trends such as: traces and sediments of glaciers, sediments of rivers and lakes, loess and soil, decline of ice in caves, abundant fossil cave sites. All of these are controlled by climatic changes: traces of glaciers and moraines indicate former spread of glaciers and lake and turf sediments show effects of climatic changes in fauna and flora as well as in sinter and ice in caves. Loess and cave-sediments show remains of fossil bones and artefacts which preserve evidence of the environmental conditions former humans and animals lived in.


Chronology, migration and systematics of bears (G. Rabeder & co-scientists)An important step towards a better knowledge of the phylogeny of large bears (genus Ursus) was managed. The origin of brown bears was clarified by studying the fossil bear remains from Deutsch-Altenburg 2 and 4 (lower Early Pleistocene 1.3 until 1.2 million years before present): they are to be deduced directly from the Etruscan bears (Ursus etruscus). All other bear remains of the Early Pleistocene in Europe (and described by various names) are primitive brown bears. Based on the first valid name, these have to be termed Ursus arctos suessenbornensis. The cave bear line represented by Ursus deningeri is not proved until the beginning of

the Middle Pleistocene (approx. 700,000 years before present). These conclusions are based on the extremely well preserved skull and postcranial remains of the bears from Deutsch-Altenburg.

Comparison of all known cave bear faunas of the Alps showed an extraordinary correlation between metrical and morphodynamic values against the sea level of the cave’s entrances. The correlation varies among species. Ursus spelaeus eremus and U.ladinicus show a negative correlation between dimensions and sea-level (i.e. the higher the sea-level, the smaller the mean values of length and width in teeth and bones), while in Ursus ingressus, morphodynamic indices increase with the higher sea-level of the cave.

A research project in Romania and the Ural-Caucasus has been started. The aim is to clarify the systematic position of the cave bears in these regions, particularly the small-sized Ursus rossicus, and the bears from Peştera cu Oase, and to detect possible latest survivors of cave bears, as well as possible refuge areas for other Late Pleistocene large mammals.

Calcareous tuff deposits in Austria (R. Pavuza & co-scientists)We find spectacular calcareous tuff deposits where calciferous spring water has lost carbon dioxide because of strong turbulences and the biological activity of plants - primarily of algae and mosses. The consequence of these activities is coagulation of calcium carbonate.Examination of the calcareous tuff deposits brings, on the one hand, information about the seasonally solid fluctuation in the spring water and on the other hand, an indication for postglacial climate fluctuations since the sedimentation rate is obviously also connected with the environmental temperatures - the number of calcareous tuff deposits therefore decreases significantly with the sea height (and with the temperature).

Commission for Quaternary Research

Head: Gernot Rabeder

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Praehistoric land use and colonization in the Tyrolean Alps (G. Patzelt)The investigations of the prehistoric human land use of the Alps near the forest line was continued in the Ötztaler- and Stubaier Alps with the focal point in the area of Kühtai (mountains of Sellrain, Northern Stubaier Alps). Ten areas of slashing and burning as well as 41 fireplaces in huts of herder (in altitudes of 2,500m and more) near the ancient forest line could be dated by radiocarbon methods. Most of the samples come from the Bronze Age and from the Latène-Roman times. In medieval times and the early modern periode the “alp use” followed the consumption of firewood top down into the wodded belt.

BibliographyEinwögerer T., M. Händel, C. Neugebauer-Mare-sch, U. Simon, P. Steier, M. Teschler-Nicola, E. M. Wild: 14C Dating of the Upper Palaeolithic Site at Krems-Wachtberg, Austria. Radiocarbon, 51, (2) 847-855, 2009.Knapp, M., N. Rohland, J. Weinstock, G. Barysh-nikov, A. Sher, D. Nagel, G. Rabeder, R. Pinhasi, H. Schmitt, M. Hofreiter: First DNA sequences from Asian cave bear fossils reveal deep divergen-ces and complex physlogeographic patterns. Mol. Ecol., 18, (6) 1225-1238, 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04088.x.

The research of the fossil fauna (primarily gastropods) as well as the radiometric dating of the organic remains, allows for a good geochronological classification. Until now, only approx. 100 calcareous tuff deposits could be included in a database – only a small fraction of the existing deposits in Austria.

Gravettien of Krems-Wachtberg (Ch. Neugebauer Maresch & co-scientists)Continuation of the project Krems-Wachtberg (Prehis-toric Commission, AAS with support of FWF P19347): after the unique results of the explored baby burials in 2005 and 2006, the accompanying fireplace was discovered in 2007, the partial recovery in 2008 made a reconstruction of this multi-staged fireplace possible.

Intense thunderstorms as well as long negotiations with the landowner, Lower Austria and the ÖAW, hindered the excavations in 2008. In the fall of 2008 (Fig. 3) and winter 2008/2009 the work could be continued with the construction of the cellar in collaboration with the Austrian Academy of Science. Further examinations were able to take place in the shell of the cellar in the summer and fall of 2009.

An extensive series of wood coal samples were dated at the VERA laboratory in Vienna and this information is published in the magazine “Radiocarbon”. It seems to be well documented that the culture layer and the burials are from a temporal horizon of about 27,000 BP.

Commission for Quaternary Research

Fig. 1. Skeleton of forearm of Ursus arctos suessenbornensis from @� ��| ��;��Y��8 ��(��8��+��Q� ��

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50 Commission for Quaternary Research

Pacher, M., and A. J. Stuart: Extinction chronology and paleoecology of the cave bear Ursus spelaeus. Boreas, 38, (2) 189-206, 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00071.x.Reitner, J. M.: The potential of historic rockfalls as CRONUS-EU calibration sites: Chlorine-36 data from the Alps. Geophys. Res. Abstr., 10, EGU2008-A-07189, 2008.Rabeder, G., I. Debeljak, M. Hofreiter, and G. Withalm: Morphological response of cave bears (Ursus spelaeus group) to high-alpine habitats. Die Höhle, 59, (1-4), 59-70, 2008.Rabeder, G., M. Pacher, and G. Withalm: Early Plei-stocene bear remains from Deutsch-Altenburg (Lower Austria). Mitt. Komm. Quartärforsch, 17, 1-135, 2009.Richards, M. P., M. Pacher, M. Stiller, J. Quilès, M. Hofreiter, S. Constantin, J. Zilhao, and E. Trinkaus, 2008. Isotopic evidence for omnivory among European cave bears: Late Pleistocene Ursus spelaeus from the Peştera cu Oase, Romania. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, (2) 600-604, 2008; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0711063105.

Krause, J., T. Unger, A. Nocon, A.-S. Malaspi-nas, S.-O. Kolokotronis, M. Stiller, L. Soibel-zon, H. Spriggs, P. H. Dear, A. W. Briggs, S. C. E. Bray, St.J. O‘Brien, G. Rabeder, P. Matheus, A. Cooper, M. Slatkin, S. Paabo, M. Hofreiter: Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radi-ation of extinct and extant bears near the Mioce-ne-Pliocene boundary. BMC Evol. Biol., 8, 220, 12 p., 2008.Neugebauer-Maresch Chr. (Hrsg.), Krems-Hunds-steig – Mammutjägerlager der Eiszeit. Ein Nut-zungsareal paläolithischer Jäger- und Sammler(-innen) vor 41.000 - 27.000 Jahren. Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 67, Wien, 347 S., 2008.Oeggl, K., F. Mathis; J. Moser, I. Schneider, W. Leitner, G. Tomedi, T. Stöllner, R. Krause, E. Pernicka, P. Tropper, J. Schibler, K. Nicolussi, K. Hanke: The history of mining activities in the Ty-rol and adjacent areas: Impact on environment and human societies (HiMAT). Antiquity, 82, (317), Sept. 2008; online version.

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Aims and objectivesThe aims and objectives of the commission are:

Promotion of research activitiesCoordination of research activitiesPromotion of international co-operationCreating an awareness in the general public of the importance of mineral resources

The commission achieves this byCreating a multidisciplinary discussion platform (the commission)Identifying key research areas in the field of mineral resourcesSponsoring and/or supporting research projectsPublication of research resultsCollecting fundingSupporting exchange programmes for scientistsPromoting scientific developmentCreating public awareness of the importance of mineralsSupporting the activities under the Austrian Minerals Plan and the European Raw Materials Initiative.

The programme of the commission is long range and focussed on identified research topics. These address a number of open questions which were identified by the work on the “Metallogenetic Map of Austria”. Key research areas are:

Element mobility and formation of mineral deposits during the Alpine orogeny of the Eastern AlpsMineral deposits and mineralization processes in late orogenic shear zones of collision orogens Distribution and characteristics of facies-bound mineralizations of the Carnian stage of the Eastern Alps Increasing the value of industrial mineralsIsotope map of Austria.

Results for 2008–2009In the period under review work concentrated on finalizing the key research area “Distribution and characteristics of facies-bound mineralizations of the Carnian stage of the Eastern Alps”. Additionally in 2009 the new key research area “Construction minerals” was added to the program.

Further works concentrated on in the other key research areas:

“Element mobility and formation of mineral deposits during the Alpine orogeny of the Eastern Alps”R. GÖD et al investigated tourmalinites which are minor but regionally spread lithological elements within the “Grobgneiss Complex”, a tectonic unit predominantly composed of orthogneisses and phyllonites which form part of the pre-Mesozoic polymetamorphic basement of the Eastern Alps.

The tourmalinites form small, concordant lenses within the phyllonites displaying some few meters of lateral extent and thicknesses hardly exceeding 0.5 m. The tourmalinites are mainly fine grained dark-black rocks. Tourmaline and quartz account for 60 – 80 % by volume. Minor muscovite may occur locally. Chlorite, apatite, clinozoisite and garnet band zircon are accessoric minerals. The tourmaline individuals are zoned with greenish to bluish cores and dark brown rims. Their geochemical composition corresponds to Mg-rich schorls. The bulk chemistry of tourmalinites is controlled by the mutual relation of tourmaline and quartz as emphasized by B2O3 contents varying between 2.9 and 8.9 % by weight and resembles, discarding the elements boron and potassium, the composition of the hosting phyllonites. The trace element pattern of tourmalinites precludes marine environments as boron sources but does not allow discrimination between sediments and granites as potential boron sources.

Commission for Basic Research on Mineral Raw Materials

Head: Horst Wagner

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ples from the Guli-Massif yielded the following sig-nificant results. Two distinct types of inclusions were observed, namely numerous very small inclusions and larger more irregular shaped inclusions with no pre-ferred orientation within the olivine grain. In many of the latter inclusions a solid black-coloured phase could be detected. The Raman spectra produced showed significant fluorescence, which can be associated with graphite. Raman spectroscopy carried out on more than 100 inclusions from all samples studied revealed the presence of methane gas in all samples measured, but not in each inclusion.

The presence of antigorite was identified in all samples. The presence of antigorite and the lack of fluid phase within the inclusions suggest, that the fluid phase was consumed during serpenitisation of the walls of the inclusions. Cooling of methane-rich fluids below 600° C should promote the precipitation of graphite, which is indicated in the fluid inclusions studied here. The fact that both methane and carbon are present in the inclusions implies that gas-solid inclusions had not been changed at a temperature around 500° C. The presence of graphite at a temperature range of 500 to 600° C indicates low oxygen fugacities (i.e. QFM=-0.6 to 0.8) in these magmatic fluid systems. In summary this fluid inclusion study provides the first indication for the minimum P-T-X conditions of mantle pluming under metasomatic conditions and mineralizing processes in the Guli Massif.

Bulk chemistries of tourmalinites are in favour of tour-favour of tour-of tour-malinite formation by in situ metasomatism of the hosting sediments. However, the magma parental to the primary rock of the Grobgneiss does not seem to be a likely source of the boron to form the tourmalinites. Therefore, the origin of boron necessary to form tour-malinites remains unknown. The tourmalinites and their host rocks experienced two metamorphic events, which on the basis of regional observations are inter-preted to be of Permian and of late Cretaceous Age. Zoned garnets within phyllonites reflect clearly two garnet generations whereas tourmalinite hosted gar-nets display a continuous growth which corresponds to the younger garnet generation in the phyllonites. It is therefore concluded that the tourmalinites are pre-Alpine and also younger than the magma parental to the primary magmatic rocks of the “Grobgneiss”.

During the last year research of the “Mobility project” also focussed on chromite and PGE occurrences in ophiolitic complexes, e.g. the Kraubath ultramafic complex of the Eastern Alps. To compare the minerali-minerali-sations hosted in ultrabasites of different geodynamic settings O. Thalhammer investigated chromite sam-ples from the Guli Massif/Siberia, the largest Alaskian-Uralian-type complex. The chromites in the Guli Mas-sif are similar to those from ophiolites with respect to their occurrence and chemistry. However, Os-isotope data show very consistent 187Os/188Os ratios, clearly in contrast with those from ophiolites. The study of sam-

Fig. 1: Photomicrographs from tourmalinite �� +� �� #� �� -� ��0��0�� #�� z�(�� (�-��+�� ?�� 0z� �� (��composed of randomly oriented angular �� z� �� -viduals in the clast indicate an older weakly preserved foliation. Note: a, b and c: plane polarized light; d: cross polarized light.


53

“Distribution and characteristics of facies-bound miner-alizations of the Carnian stage of the Eastern Alps”Gawlick studied lead-zinc deposits in the central region of the Northern Calcareous Alps. The present tectonic setting does not indicate a systematic pattern of mineralisation. However on the basis of a paleo-geographic reconstruction of the region, which is representative of the situation prior to the lateral tectonic extrusion, for example on the basis the Oligocene paleo-geography, it is observed that the lead-zinc deposits occur within a narrow band which corresponds to the Lower- as well as Upper-Tyrolic nappe blocks. These results suggest that prospecting strategies should be based on the paleo-geographic reconstruction of this region whilst giving also consideration to the multi-phase tectonic situation.

“Isotope map of Austria”Considerable effort was devoted to the systematic collection of isotope data from Austria and neighbouring regions. To assist with the analysis and evaluation of data Rantisch and Russegger established a MS Access database linked with ArcGis 9.3.1 which contains all available data on stable isotopes of oxygen (�18OSMOW, �18OPDB), hydrogen (�DSMOW), sulfur (�34SCDT) and carbon (�13CPDB), radiogene strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and lead (208Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,206Pb/204Pb) from mineral deposits in Austria. The structure of the database is closely linked to that of the metallogenetic map of Austria making it possible for the two databases to interact.

“Walther-E.-Petrascheck-Award”On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the eminent Austrian geoscientist Walther Emil Petrascheck, an academy award for young scientists and engineers working in the field of minerals research was established. Dr. Doris Reischenbacher from the University of Leoben was the second recipient of this award. In her PhD thesis she investigated the formation of intramontane coal basins on the example of the Lavanttal coal basin. The thesis was a fine demonstration of the benefits of an interdisciplinary research approach.

Creating public awareness of the activities of the commissionOn the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the commission a symposium with the title “Mineral resources - A challenge for research and minerals policy” was held on April 15, 2008. The symposium attracted considerable interested and highlighted the dependency of modern society on minerals.

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Fig. 3: Locations of data documented in the Austrian isotope data base.


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In addition members of the commission are actively engaged in Austrian and European minerals policy formulation.

BibliographyGöd, R., and G. Heiss: On the geochemistry and mineralogy of phyllite hosted tourmalinites - Easten Alps. Mitt. Österr. Miner. Ges., 155, p. 61, 2009.Thalhammer, O. A. R, and J. P. Pink: Fluid inclu-sions in chromite and platinum deposits. Final Re-Final Re-port, Commission on Fundamentals of Minerals Research, Wien, 2009.Gawlick, H.-J.: Temperaturüberprägungskartierung der Karbonate des Karn im Mittelabschnitt der Nördlichen Kalkalpen – Möglichkeiten zur Abschätzung der Genese/Verteilung der Blei/Zink Vererzungen. Final report, Commission on Fundamentals of Minerals Research, Wien, 2009.Gawlick, H.-J., and F. Schlagenweit, F: Revi-sion of the Tressenstein Limestone: reinterpre-tation of the late Late Jurassic to ? Early Creta-ceous platform –basin transition of the Plassen Carbonate Platform (Austria, Northern Cal-careous Alps). J. Alpine Geol., 51, 1-30, 2009.Rantitsch, R. und B. Russegger: Isotopen-Daten-bank. Final report, Commission on Fundamentals

of Minerals Research, Wien, 2009.Paar, W.H., et.al.: Daliranite, PbHgAs2Se, a new sulphosalt from the Zarshouran Au-As deposit, Tabak region, Iran. Mineralogical Mag., 73, (5) 871-881, 2009; doi: 10.1180/min-mag.2009.073.5.871.Unterweissacher, T., et al.: Geologie der Magnesitlagerstätten im Raum Tavsanli (Türkei). Mitt. naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark, 139-149, 2009.Kucha, H., and J. G. Raith: Gold-oxysulphides in copper deposits of the Greywacke Zone, Aus-tria: A mineral chemical and infrared fluid inclu-sion study. Ore Geol. Rev., 35, 87-100, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2008.10.004.Nishimura, C., J. Matsuda, and G. Kurat: Noble gas content and isotope abundances in phases of the Saint-Aubin (UNGR) iron meteorite. Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 43, (8) 1333-1350, 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2008.tb00701.x.Hurai, V.; O. Lexa, K. Schulmann, R. Montigny, W. Prochaska, W. Frank, P. Konecny, J. Kral, R. Thom-as, M. Chovan: Mobilization of ore fluids during Al-pine metamorphism: evidence from hydrothermal veins in the Variscan basement of Western Carpathi-ans, Slovakia. Geofluids, 8 , 181 – 207, 2008; doi: 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00216.x


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Aims and FunctionsThe institute was established in 2004, its basic idea being to combine in a multidisciplinary way those research fields that are essential for modern integrated sensor systems: sensor technology, microelectronics, and communication technology. The focus is on the structural aspects of the investigated sensor systems, thus the weight of the three complementary fields can vary from case to case. Adequate modelling plays a central role in both the analysis and design of sensor systems, and the methods employed range from the investigation of analytical models to numerical analyses.

The integration aspects the institute derives its name from can be manifold. They comprise circuitry (with respect to miniaturization of the sensor or the com-ponents relevant for signal processing) as well as functional aspects (mechanisms to increase fault tol-erance, but also to combine various sensor principles in order to improve accuracy, measurement range, or robustness) or system-related aspects (in terms of con-necting sensors to higher-level systems). The institute has particular expertise in the areas of miniaturised thermal sensors, resonant micromechanical sensors, optimized system architectures and signal processing for integrated sensors as well as synchronisation and security aspects in sensor networks.

Co-operation with external partners is of high sig-nificance in the definition and implementation of research projects. The institute collaborates with other research institutes (both university and non-univer-sity) and industrial partners alike. Concrete projects comprise problems from automation, medical tech-nology, or test and measurement technology.

Results for 2008–2009Exploiting previous experience with resonant magnetic field sensors we investigated the damping

mechanisms of various microcantilevers. The focus was on a concise analytical and computer-numerical modelling of all relevant physical effects dominating in individual regions of the ambient pressure. These studies enabled the improvement of existing analytical models for the pressure dependence of the quality factor and resonance frequency. The developed models were verified using a specially developed vacuum chamber and a microsystem analyzer and now allow a precise prediction of the oscillatory behaviour over an extraordinarily wide pressure range.

For flow measurements, a new class of thermal flow sensors was developed and investigated. The sensors are based on the self-heating effect of microthermis-tors embedded in a common thin membrane to achieve thermal interaction enabling flow magnitude measure-ments and flow direction recognition with very low power budget. An impressive demonstration of such sensors was achieved by the implementation of a com-puter mouse that exploits the air circulation within the thin air gap underneath the mouse body.

As a milestone towards fully implantable hearing aids in conjunction with cochlear stimulator prostheses, mi-cromechanical sensors were investigated enabling the detection of tiny vibrations of ossicles inside the middle ear. This application demands a very challenging combi-nation of sensitivity (5·10-13 mHz-1/2), sensor dimensions (<2 mm side length), weight (<25 mg), and power con-sumption (<100 μW). We designed and investigated ca-pacitive transducers that were produced from microma-chined Silicon in cooperation with a technology partner. Measurements showed that the first prototypes already largely fulfil the requirements. The very encouraging experimental results are complemented with a theoreti-cal study of the margin for further improvement of the characteristics and for the first time demonstrate the technological feasibility of the sensor concept.

Mathematics, Simulation and Metrology

Institute for Integrated Sensor SystemsHead: Thilo Sauter

56

Fig. 1: Investigation of a magnetically actuated microcantilever in a vacuum chamber underneath a microsystem analyser. The Helmholtz ��

The long-term research on fault tolerant clock syn-chronization in heterogeneous networks could be successfully finished. For the first time, a state-of-the-art fault-tolerant clock synchronization solution according to the PTP standard was investigated and proposed for standardization. Another focus was the analysis and development of security mechanisms for distributed synchronization. As a by-product of the fundamental research, it was possible to find a novel model for crystal oscillators describing their statisti-cal behavior in a very high level of detail. This model facilitates the understanding of systems aiming at highly accurate clock synchronization. On the other hand, simulation of large-scale networks comprising such oscillators becomes more efficient while at the same time increasing the simulation accuracy. Anoth-er highlight was a new world record in the synchro-nization accuracy of two computer clocks over Ether-net. For the first time it was possible to synchronize two nodes below 700 ps with respect to each other. This result from the laboratory will be used in further projects such as large-scale clock synchronization as in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

Within the focal area of Security and Integrable Net-works, we developed and evaluated an agent runt-ime environment scalable enough to run on an ac-tive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag. This runtime environment is a basis for future intelligent manufacturing execution systems. The combination of software agents and RFIDs allows that the agent is directly attached to the product. Special benefits are

expected for low-volume individualized products and single item production, since each order is control-led by an individual agent tracking and planning the execution of its order. For the RFIDs, a security sys-tem using asymmetric cryptography was developed to prevent attacks on the system. Tests showed that the developed agent platform by far exceeds the perform-ance of state-of-the-art platforms and still maintains full compatibility with current standards.

BibliographyBeigelbeck, R., F. Kohl, F. Keplinger, B. Jakoby: Closed-form 3D-analysis of membrane-based mi-cromachined sensors measuring the thermal prop-erties of liquids, in: Proceedings EUROSENSORS XXII Conference, Dresden, 7.-10.9.2008, Paper-Nr. 593, pp. 76-79, 2008.Bratukhin, A.: Production order life cycle in agent-based distributed manufacturing, in: Proceedings 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Hamburg, Germany, Sep. 2008, pp. 1496-1503, 2008.Cerimovic, S., A. Talic, F. Kohl, R. Beigelbeck, J. Schalko, A. Jachimowicz: Micromachined flow sensors enabling electrocalorimetric and TOF transduction. Procedia Chemistry, 1, (1) 132-135, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.033.Cerimovic, S., A. Talic, T. Sauter, F. Kohl, R. Beigelbeck, J. Schalko, A. Jachimowicz: A novel thermal transduction method for sub-mW flow

Fig. 2: Micromechanical vibration sensor for an implantable middle ear microphone. The insets show the partially movable electrodes of a capacitor whose capacitance changes because of the vibrations, which yields the output signal.

Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems

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sensors, in: Proceedings IEEE Conference on Sensors, Christchurch, New Zealand, 25.-28.10.2009, pp. 1325-1328, 2009.Gaderer, G., A. Nagy, P. Loschmidt, N. Kerö: A Novel, High resolution oscillator model for DES systems, in: Proceedings 2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, pp. 178-183, 2008; doi: 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622984.Loschmidt, P., R. Exel, A. Nagy, G. Gaderer: Lim-its of Synchronization Accuracy Using Hardware Support in IEEE 1588, in: Proceedings 2008 IEEE Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, pp. 12-16, 2008; doi: 10.1109/ISPCS.2008.4659205.Sauter, T.: Fieldbus systems – embedded networks for automation, in: Networked Embedded Systems Handbook, R. Zurawski (Ed.), pp. 20-1 – 20-64,

CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1160 p., 2009.Schalko, J., R. Beigelbeck, F. Kohl, A. Jachimo-wicz, F. Keplinger, M. Opitz: Novel Carbon Na-notube Fabric Based Membranes, in: Proceedings EUROSENSORS XXII Conference, Dresden, 7.-10.9.2008, Paper-Nr. 360, pp. 660–663, 2008.Treytl, A., B. Hirschler: Security Flaws and Work-arounds for IEEE 1588 (Transparent) Clocks”, in: Proceedings 2009 IEEE Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication, 6 p., 2009; doi: 10.1109/ISPCS.2009.5340204.Treytl, A., W. Spenger, B. Riaz: Secure Agent Platform for Active RFID, in: Proceedings 2008 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, pp. 492-495, 2008; doi: 10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638444.

Fig. 3: Evaluation platform for high-accuracy clock synchronization in wired and wireless computer networks.

Institute for Integrated Sensor Systems

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Aims and FunctionsThe institute’s individual fields of research are complementary. Research in hearing needs the accurate measurement and simulation of sound sources and sound fields, as well as the study of auditory functions.

The institute’s policy follows the goals of application-oriented basic research. For this reason, the scientific work aims at practical application, whilst the theoretical background is evaluated using acoustic measurements, psychoacoustic experiments, and real life sound material. The concept guarantees progress in theory as well as scientific results in applied research.


Computational AcousticsNumerical simulations in acoustics, and computational models of hearing were applied to improve applications such as hearing with cochlear implants and environmental noise reduction. In a recently accepted FFG-ÖBB project sysBahnLärm, accurate noise source localisation, such as ascertaining whether noise arises from the wheel or the track (Fig. 1), will be performed by a specific adaption of the microphone array technique (64 channels). The institute’s microphone array system is programmable and can also be used for acoustic holography.

The solution of the boundary integral equation for the study of railway generated Vibrations in Anisotropic Media (ORTHOSOL) was improved, especially with respect to the generation of the stiffness matrix, which includes integrals with singular integrands. In addition, the Fast Mulitpole Boundary Element Method (FMBEM) was combined with the Finite Element Method (FEM), enabling the joint simulation of structures and acoustic sources. Future work is planned to deal with the non-linearities of high amplitude signals.

PsychoacousticsThe description of traffic noise in terms of psychoacoustic parameters including timbre, and in addition to standard noise criteria, improves the precision of noise abatement and noise reduction measures considerably. The institute’s software NOIDESc introduces a classification scheme of timbre, based on the principal component analysis of third-octave frequency bands. The new project sysBahnLärm uses the institute’s Noise Monitoring System to collect and analyse sound data from the newly introduced Railjet trains, as well as additional freight train pass-by events.

Audiological AcousticsSubstantial progress in auditory localization with cochlear implants reached the application level with the issue of a patent on a novel stimulation strategy (a spin-off from project FWF P18401-B15). Cooperation with the Eaton-Peabody Lab at Harvard-MIT Medical School will deal with the evaluation and neurophysiological proof of the Viennese experiment results. A cooperative research project on auditory localization, bringing together partners in neurophysiology, neural models and psychoacoustics, is intended to be submitted during 2010.

Acoustic PhoneticsIn the area of public security, the almost worldwide ongoing discussion on the validity of automatic speaker recognition systems in forensic cases, as opposed to traditional phonetic expertise, is being addressed in cooperation with the German Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA, Wiesbaden). The project line is funded by an EC-grant and recognized by the Austrian BK. Since the software simulation of the main functions of automatic speaker recognition systems (using S-TOOLS-STx) has been completed, an international evaluation test can be started in the framework of the Working Group for Forensic Speech and Audio Analysis (FSAAWG) of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI).

Acoustics Research Institute

Head: Werner Deutsch

W<Acoustics Research Institute

Mathematics in Acoustics and Signal ProcessingThe working group deals with time-frequency analysis, time variant digital filters, and sound synthesis. The WWTF-project Frame Multipliers: Theory and Acoustic Applications investigates the theoretical aspects of frame multipliers, as operators: �� k� �� k�� k, where the analysis coefficients �� are multiplied by a fixed symbol before re-synthesis (with �k). First results were obtained in the theory of weighted frames and the new formulation of the psychoacoustic Model of Irrelevance, based on simultaneous masking.

Industrial Co-operationsExternal project contracts extend from automotive audio and the simulation of sound fields in car cabins to the application of wavelet transformations and members of the Cohen class for transient signals in mechanical engineering. The appropriate choice of the transformation parameters for typical applications is described in a handbook. A feasibility study for the sound quality design of electrical switch clicks (Sound Quality Design) was completed by applying the wavelet implementation in S_TOOLS-STx. Co-operation with industry partners from different countries creates important synergies. Usually the scientific methods and procedures provided by the institute are evaluated immediately and feedback by qualified development engineers is given.

Software DevelopmentThe institute’s software system S_TOOLS-STx is the back-bone of all signal processing tasks in the above projects. Currently, in version 3.9.0, it provides almost all conventional signal processing functions necessary to perform time-frequency analysis, digital filtering, signal

re-synthesis, descriptive statistics etc. S_TOOLS-STx adheres to a strict cumulative concept to guarantee reuse, scalability and sustainability. It is designed to serve the inexperienced user by providing a large set of functions called up via dialogs and menu windows. In addition, it allows expert users to process large data sets in batch mode. S_TOOLS-STx is programmable in a macro language, enabling programmers to write their own extensions, such as new signal processing algorithms, perceptive models or sound database applications. The S_TOOLS-STx software development is managed in a professional version control system and includes an HTML based help system. Licenses are free for students (3-month period) and for non-profit academic projects.

BibliographyBalazs, P.: Matrix representation of operators using frames. Sampl. Theory Signal Image Process., 7, (1) 39-54, 2008.Balazs, P.: Hilbert-Schmidt operators and frames - classification, approximation by multipliers and algorithms. Int. J. Wavelets Multiresolution Inf. Process., 6, (2) 315-330, 2008; doi: 10.1142/S0219691308002379.Becker, T., M. Jessen, and C. Grigoras: Speaker verification based on formants using Gaussian mixture models, in: Proceedings NAG/DAGA 2009 International Conference on Acoustics, Marinus M. Boone (Ed.), pp. 1640-1643, 2009.Chen Z.-S., H. Waubke and W. Kreuzer: A formula-tion of the fast multipole boundary element method (FMBEM) for acoustic radiation and scattering from three-dimensional structures. J. Comput. Acoust., 16, (2) 303-320, 2008; doi: 10.1142/S0218396X08003725.

Fig. 1: Accurate noise source localisation in the range of the wheel-�� #�� 0�� X=�� !��

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60 Acoustics Research Institute

Laback B. and P. Majdak: Binaural Stimulation in Neu-ral Auditory Prostheses or Hearing Aids. EU and US pat-ent WO/2008/155123. Appl. Date: 19.06.08, 2008.Majdak, P. and B. Laback: Effects of center frequen-cy and rate on the sensitivity to interaural delay in high-frequency click trains. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 125, (6) 3902-3913, 2009; doi: 10.1121/1.3120413.Moosmüller, S.: Vowels in Standard Austrian German. An Acoustic-Phonetic and Phonological Analysis, Habilitationsschrift, Universität Wien, 271 S., 2007.

Kreuzer, W., P. Majdak, and Z.-S. Chen: Fast multipole boundary element method to calculate head-related transfer functions for a wide fre-quency range. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 126, 1280-1290, 2009; doi: 10.1121/1.3177264.Laback B. and P. Majdak: Binaural jitter improves interaural time-difference sensitivity of cochlear implantees at high pulse rates. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, (2) 814-817, 2008; doi: 10.1073/pnas.0709199105.

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Aims and Functions During 2008 and 2009, the Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM) employed between 50 and 60 scientists, about half of them being financed from external funds (mainly FWF); they joined RICAM coming from 16 different countries. RICAM cooperates with the Johannes Kepler Universität Linz in educating PhD-students and, as far as “real world” applications are concerned, with the Industrial Mathematics Competence Center. RICAM does applications-oriented basic research currently in eight groups led by the senior scientists mentioned

Computational Methods for Direct Field Problems (Ulrich Langer)Inverse Problems (Heinz Engl)Financial Mathematics (Hansjörg Albrecher)Symbolic Computation (Josef Schicho)Optimization and Optimal Control (Karl Kunisch) Analysis of Partial Differential Equations (Peter Markowich, Massimo Fornasier)Mathematical Imaging (Otmar Scherzer)Mathematical Methods in Molecular and Systems Biology (Philipp Kügler, Christian Schmeiser).

While the last mentioned group is located at the Vien-na BioCenter, all other groups are based on the campus of Johannes Kepler University in Linz.An important aspect is the cooperation between these groups, e.g., connecting analytical and numerical with symbolic and algebraic methods. Among the application areas considered are mathematical methods in imaging, numerical and optimization methods for solid and fluid mechanics and mathematical modelling and algorithm development for molecular any systems biology. While in 2008, a “Special Semester on Mathematical Finance” with many international participants could be held, the Special Semester on Inverse Problems planned for 2009 had to be held in a severely reduced form due to budgetary constraints.

In 2008, several members of RICAM (including group leader Prof. Albrecher) accepted offers for professorships. The necessary partial rebuilding of the Institute had to be postponed to 2010 for budgetary reasons.


Computational Methods for Direct Field Problems (Ulrich Langer) The research of the Group has focused on the development, analysis and implementation of computational methods for Partial Differential Equations with the focus on the following topics:

Algebraic multigrid methods for large-scale techni-cal problems and problems in life sciences (on this topic a monograph has been published recently).High-order finite element methods with applica-tion to solid and fluid mechanical as well as elec-trical engineering problems.

The latter topic is partly connected with the START project “hp-FEM” led by Joachim Schöberl. The START project was supported by the Austrian Science Fund under the grant Y192 until 2008.

Furthermore, new Domain Decomposition Methods (DDM) have been developed. Fig. 1 shows the simulation of an electrical machine by means of the new DDM within a project with the ACCM in Linz.

Inverse Problems (Heinz Engl) The group is active in the mathematical theory and numerics of regularization methods, and in applying inverse problems techniques to science, engineering and finance. Recent achievements concern the development of regularization methods for the stable reconstruction of sparse solutions including a convergence theory, which is complicated due to the non-convexity of the penalty term. Significant progress has been made towards

Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics

Head: Heinz Engl

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fluids, and semi-smooth Newton methods for optimal control for elliptic systems with pointwise polygonal state constraints were investigated. We accomplished an error analysis for the P1 nonconform finite element for the penalized Navier-Stokes equations.

Further feasible direction and direct search methods were investigated for non-linear bi-level programming problems with the convex lower level problems.

Analysis of Partial Differential Equations (Peter Marko-wich, Massimo Fornasier) The group focussed on the following topics.

Variational methods and high-order PDEs for image processing. Significant results have been achieved in the mathematical restoration, recolo-rization and retouching, of damaged or destroyed frescoes. Non-linear water waves: existence theory of genera-lized solutions and stability results in the presence of shock on the gradient of the solution.Kinetic equations and collective behavior mode-ling: analysis of existence and stability of solutions, large time behavior, pattern formation, and nume-rical simulation. PDE models for swarming of ani-mals, and aggregation-motion of biological cells.

In the period 2008-2009 the group has been awarded with an Outstanding Thesis Award, a START-Prize, and the Boelpaepe-Prize of the Academy of Science of Belgium (the last two for M. Fornasier).

identification of complex objects from measurements of far fields of acoustic and electromagnetic waves and in a theory-based further development of Bayesian inversion methods. The group is a member of the EU-consortium “DIAdvisor” aimed at the improvement of diabetes therapy and develops, in this context, methods for the prediction of blood glucose levels.

In October 2009, the project “Mathematical meth-ods and Algorithms for E-ELT Adaptive Optics” con-tracted by ESO was started. Its main aim is the de-velopment of algorithms for reconstrucing incoming wavefronts and for determining mirror deformation for image improvement.

Financial Mathematics (Hansjörg Albrecher)New characterizations for optimal dividend payout strategies in insurance portfolios led to a remarkable extension of solvable model classes, with the ability to inlcude transaction costs in the model as well. Hitting time identities for stochastic processes refracted at their running maximum could be extended to a general Lévy setup. Efficient calibration of complex finance market models could further be developed by suitable application of Tikhonov regularization. Several new theoretical results with applications in cryptography, wireless communication and coding theory were obtained, including a theoretical justification for the hardness of the double discrete logarithm problem and a result that every good quaternary sequence corresponds to two good uncorrelated binary sequences. Due to the fact the Prof. Albrecher has left, the group will be closed at least temporarily.

Symbolic Computation (Josef Schicho) The balancing problem for linkages is to find distributions of weights on the movable parts such that the sum of the forces exerted by movements vanishes. Such mechanisms are useful in applications in space and in optics. Using the symbolic method of toric polynom division, we found algebraic conditions for the balancing of four bar mechanisms and could give the complete classification of the all solutions.

Optimization and Optimal Control (Karl Kunisch) The research focus was put on optimal control with partial differential equations as constraints. We successfully started the numerical verification of optimality conditions for optimal control problems. The investigation of flow control problems was continued for non-Newtonian flow and boundary control with state constraints. An optimal control problem for two phase

Fig. 1: Simulation of electrical machines with DDM


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were led with representatives of IMP, IMBA and the University of Vienna (Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department for Molecular Systems Biology). Mathematical methods from the areas of inverse problems and partial differential equations were developed successfully for answering questions related to transport through cell membranes, biochemical reaction networks, voltage-gated ion channels and chemotaxis. Furthermore, the group is responsible for two WWTF projects on stress hormone regularization and cytoskeleton dynamics.

BibliographyKraus, J. and S. Margenov: Robust Algebraic Multilevel Methods and Algorithms. Radon Series on Computational and Applied Mathematics 5, de Gruyter, Berlin, 246 p., 2009.Lazarov, R., S. Repin, and S. Tomar: Functional a posteriori error estimates for discontinuous Galerkin approximations of elliptic problems. Numer. Meth. Part. D. E., 25, 952–971, 2009; doi: 10.1002/num.20386.Cao, H., M. V. Klibanov, and S. V. Pereverzev: A Carleman estimate and the balancing principle in the quasi-reversibility method for solving the Cauchy problem for the Laplace equation. Inverse Probl., 25, 035005, 21 p., 2009; doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/3/035005.Albrecher H. and D. Kortschak: On ruin probability and aggregate claim representations for Pareto claim size distributions. Insur. Math. Econ., 45, 362-373, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2009.08.005.Fornasier, M., R. Ramlau, and G. Teschke: The application of joint sparsity and total variation minimization algorithms to a real-life art restoration

Mathematical Imaging (Otmar Scherzer) The group developed a general framework for the mathematical analysis of non-local functionals, which in particular have been successfully implemented for data analysis. One of these methods is non-local patch-based filtering. Jointly with INRIA Rennes and the Institute Curie Paris, this method was applied for denoising biological data. In addition, via non-convex regularization (one of our ongoing research topics), a relationship between the optical flow and level-set methods has been established. In the long-term project of developing practically useable methods for photo-acoustic tomography, real biological samples were successfully analyzed.

Mathematical Methods in Molecular and Systems Biol-ogy (Philipp Kügler, Christian Schmeiser) The group was founded at the beginning of 2009 and is currently still in the phase of recruiting and organizational integration into the Vienna BioCenter. Discussions about interdisciplinary cooperation

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Engl, H. W., C. Flamm, P. Kügler, J. Lu, S. Müller, P. Schuster: Inverse Problems in Systems Biology. Inverse Probl., 25, 123014, 51 p., 2009; doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123014.Griesse, R., and K. Kunisch: A semi-smooth Newton method for solving elliptic equations with gradient constraints. ESAIM-Math. Model. Num., 43, 209-238, 2009; doi: 10.1051/m2an:2008049.Scherzer, O., M. Grasmair, H. Grossauer, M. Haltmeier, F. Lenzen: Variational Methods in Imaging, Springer, New York, 322 p., 2009.

problem. Adv. Comput. Math., 31, 157-184, 2009; doi: 10.1007/s10444-008-9103-6.Gosselin, C., B. Moore, and J. Schicho: Dynamic balancing of planar mechanisms using toric geometry. J. Symb. Comp., 44, 1346-1358, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.jsc.2008.05.007.Kügler, P., E. Gaubitzer, and S. Müller: Parameter identification for chemical reaction systems using sparsity enforcing regularization - a case study for the Chlorite - Iodide reaction. J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 2775-2785, 2009; doi: 10.1021/jp808792u.


65

Aims and FunctionsScientific Visualization is well-established as one of the core disciplines of applied computer science. Being a combination of computer graphics, image processing and virtual reality, its task is the development of methods and algorithms for computer graphical representation of (large) data quantities and for synthesizing various scientific results into visual expressions thus enabling insights into complex relations which would otherwise only be difficult or even impossible to recognize. Scientific Visualization is thus interdisciplinary to a high degree but its part goes far beyond the role of a pure auxiliary discipline because its goals also generate new scientific questions.

Two work areas are currently defined at the commis-sion in which problems of volume visualization and geometric modeling, and problems in the field of theoretical and applied signal processing, are being investigated. This is done on the one hand in the form of academy-assigned projects, and, on the other hand, as publicly sponsored ones. The focus of the commis-sion is on fundamental questions as well as on ques-tions originating from specific applications. The most important application areas are imaging methods in medicine, virtual archaeology, history, computer art, cognitive science, and speech processing.


Volume visualizationThe works in this core field of the commission concentrated around the following projects:

The AngioVisII project investigated possibilities for replacement of the invasive and costly intra-arterial pre-therapeutic catheter angiography by the non-in-vasive CT angiography. In a series of clinical studies, CT angiography was proved to image the peripheral

occlusive disease accurately and thus to facilitate its treatment planning. In order to provide biologists with an environment for the creation of geometric models of biological struc-tures based on a well-defined biological background, we exploited the possibilities offered by modern computer hardware and computer graphics tools. The goal of the modelling process is to provide better understanding of the substructures of muscle cells as depicted by electron microscopy. A typical muscle cell consists of hundreds or even thousands of organelles of various types which means that the creation of a cell model organelle-by-organelle using traditional interactive modelling tech-niques would be too laborious and time-consuming, and eventually not lead to the desired result at all. Therefore, we developed an automated procedure for their creation delivering cell models which also reflect the statistical uncertainty of organelle occurrence and of their shape and dimension.

Watermark and Paper StudiesPaper studies are important because paper is a “memory bearer”. By examining characteristics of the paper (e.g. watermarks, chain lines, laid lines), its date, location and mill of production can be estimated and information about the technological, economical, social and cultural environment of its origin can be obtained. The enormous amount of papers available – millions of samples stretching back in time 800 years and more – contains a sizable part of what can be learned of Europe’s past, and is both a richness waiting to be tapped into and a technological challenge.

The commission is the coordinator of the paper study project “Bernstein – The Memory of Paper”, which was supported by the EU under the program eContentPlus. The project is a cooperative effort between nine institutions from Austria, England, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. Its goal is the creation of a

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Head: Wolfgang Mecklenbräuker

66

Economist. Several experiments were performed on studying neural dynamics related with music cognition. It was shown that music, like language, has grammar (e.g., rules of harmony), which is implicitly processed by the brain with associated neural mechanisms operating at different levels of cortical integration, ranging from early long-range cortical connectivity to late local oscillations. Further, it was demonstrated that emotions elicited by musical excerpts, albeit short, could systematically influence the judgement of facial emotion and such transfer effect (from music/auditory to face/visual) is not directly under conscious control. This finding has also been featured across numerous

European integrated digital environment, an internet portal, about paper history and expertise. The address of the internet portal is www.memoryofpaper.eu. The portal allows access to all currently existing European online watermark databases, a comprehensive bibliography on paper, and specialized image processing tools for the measuring, authenticating and dating of paper sheets. The paper and watermark terminology as well as the classification of the watermarks was harmonized and standardised in six languages English, French, German, Italian, Russian, and Spanish. These are also the languages of the portal and all its components such as the atlas and statistics.

Applied Signal ProcessingThe research of this part has been supported by an internationally (Japan Science Technology Agency) funded project on implicit brain functioning. The general aim of this project was to identify neural precursors of complex cognition including emotion, decision and problem solving by analyzing neural signals (i.e. EEG) with the help of state-of-the-art data analysis techniques. Landmark findings on the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity patterns prior to (up to 8 seconds before) were obtained; further, it was shown that excessive amounts of focused attention would paradoxically lead to a state of mental impasse, whereas diffused attention would render the brain highly receptive to incoming information. These results have been extensively covered by media all over the world including the BBC, ABC, Scientific American, New Scientist, NewsWeek, Times,

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print and electronic media (including radio and TV). Finally, new computational techniques based on information theory have been developed to investigate causality in multivariate signals, revealing the accurate structure of the underlying network pattern(s).

BibliographyLogeswaran, N., and J. Bhattacharya: Crossmodal transfer of emotion by music. Neurosci. Lett., 455, 129-133, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.044.Parulek, J., M. Šrámek, M. Cervenanský, M. Novotová, I. Zahradník: A cell architecture mod-eling system based on quantitative ultrastructural characteristics, in: Methods Mol. Biol., 500, 289-312, 2009: doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-525-1_10.Parulek, J., M. Šrámek, and I. Zahradník: Geom-cell. Design of cell geometry, in: Recent Advances in the 3D Physiological Human, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Jian J. Zhang, and David D. Feng (Eds.), pp. 21-36, Springer Verlag, London, 2009; doi: 10.1007/978-1-84882-565-9_2.Durikovic, R., S. Czanner, J. Parulek, and M. Šrámek: Heterogeneous modeling of biological or-gans and organ growth, in: Heterogeneous Objects Modelling and Applications, Lecture Notes in Com-

puter Science, Vol. 4889, Alexander Pasko, Valery Adzhiev, and Peter Comninos (Eds.), pp. 239-258, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2008; doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68443-5_10.Ruiz, M. H., S. Koelsch, and J. Bhattacharya: De-crease in early right alpha band phase synchroni-zation and late gamma band oscillations in pro-cessing syntax in music. Hum. Brain Mapp., 30, 1207-1225, 2009; doi: 10.1002/hbm.20584.Sandkühler, S., and J. Bhattacharya: Deconstruct-ing insight: EEG correlates of insightful problem solving. PLoSONE, 3(1): e1459, 12 p., 2008; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001459.Sheth, B. R., S. Sandkühler, and J. Bhattacharya: Posterior beta and anterior gamma oscillations pre-dict cognitive insight. J. Cognitive Neurosci., 21, (7) 1269-1279, 2009; doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21069.Stieglecker, M., and E. Wenger: The Bernstein Project, in: Bull’s Head and Mermaid, Peter Rück-ert, Sandra Hodecek, Georg Dietz, and Emanuel Wenger (Eds.), pp. 99-102, Stuttgart, 2009.Wenger, E.: Bernstein - The Memory of Paper. An Integrated Digital Environment for Watermark Research. Paper History (Journal of the International Association of Paper Historians), 13, (2) 8-12, 2009.

Fig. 3: Event-related-potential recorded at frontal brain region during processing of a neutral face stimulus primed by either happy music �� ( �� )�� (� �� Q*|�� #� �� -cal differences, indicated by an arrow, between the two music con-ditions at 50 msec. Note that the two conditions have identical face �� (�� 0��#��D��9��<��

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Physics and Materials Sciences

Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science

Head: Gerhard Dehm

Aims and FunctionsThe Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science (ESI) performs cutting-edge basic research setting the ground for new material concepts.

The technological progress in our society with its devel-opment into “smaller”, “lighter”, and “faster” requires more and more sustainable materials and components with specific electronic, magnetic or mechanical prop-erties. Understanding the mechanical properties of ma-terials is a prerequisite for success, since their life-time is frequently limited by the nucleation and growth of defects during production and during service; the ma-terial is successively damaged until the component fails or cannot fulfil a necessary function.

The institute’s scientific mission is to design damage resistant materials with a focus on understanding and predicting the microstructure-property relations at all length scales, with a special emphasis on mechanical properties. In this innovative research field, ESI is pushing the frontiers by combining advanced experi-mental and modelling techniques. This is a huge chal-lenge since the length scales involved span nearly 10 orders of magnitude, from atomic structures to mac-roscopic devices and components.

In the last 5 years we have set the ground for developing in these directions by concentrating our research activities in five interlinked areas:

Deformation, Fatigue and FractureMicro- and Nano-MechanicsMicro- and Nano-Structure CharacterizationSynthesis of bulk Nano-Materials and -Composi-tes by Severe Plastic DeformationComplex Materials.

The Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science has flourished since its foundation in 1971 to become one

of the world’s leading institutes in research on me-chanical properties, both in the development of highly sophisticated experimental techniques and in establish-ing theoretical concepts for deformation, fatigue and fracture of materials. ESI enjoys a high international reputation, benefits from its creative young scientists from all over the world, and is well connected with leaders in science and industry.


Atomic Analysis of Interfaces In 2008/2009 a new transmission electron microscope (TEM) with the highest resolving power in Austria was installed at the Erich Schmid Institute. This microscope allows the imaging of material structures and defects at atomic resolution, the quantification of the chemical composition, and the determination of the atomic bonding state with ultimate spatial resolution. We have already generated the first results with our new TEM. For a ceramic/ceramic composite consisting of VN and MgO the interface structure chemistry and bonding mechanisms were studied at the atomic level. At and adjacent to the interface oscillations in the VN lattice plane spacing was detected reaching several layers into the VN crystal. At the interface Vanadium and Oxygen enrichment, which cause V-O bonds at the interface, were measured. The local change in chemistry and the oscillations in lattice plane spacing are believed to open new routes for interface engineering of material systems, such as multilayers or nanocomposites, and will be investigated further at the institute.

Material Properties at Micro- and Nanometer Dimensions This research field is one of the main topics at the institute with the aim to unveil the mechanics of the “nano-cosmos” by combining advanced experimental methods and simulation techniques. In 2008/2009 we made huge progress in our understanding of

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deformation at small material dimensions. With the help of a newly designed in situ TEM experiment we could demonstrate that a metal like Al has no hardening when its dimensions are at the submicrometer length scale. This is in contrast to bulk metals, which always show hardening during deformation. The origin for this effect is the low multiplication rate of dislocations in small dimensions, which carry the plastic deformation. The generation of new dislocations is limited by surface annihilation leading to a constant dislocation density during straining. AS a further consequence, the microscopic Al sample sustains higher strains than the corresponding bulk metal. (source: Oh Sang Ho et. al., 2009)

Design Concepts for Fracture Resistant Materials In recent years, we have developed and applied the concept of configurational forces with our international partners (e.g. University of Minnesota) for a quantitative description of the behaviour of cracks in inhomogeneous materials and components. Our recent studies demonstrate that materials with certain spatial variations of local material properties exhibit an especially high fracture resistance. Also some biological materials, such as the skeleton of certain deep-sea sponges, exhibit a very high fracture resistance. This is remarkable, as this material consists of 95% glass, which is known to be very brittle. In a preliminary study (in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Golm, Germany, and Institute of Mechanics, University of Leoben), we have shown that the high fracture resistance is a result of the pronounced variation of the material properties between glass layers and the thin, soft protein layers in between. Currently, we are investigating the optimal architectural parameters of a layered composite in order to reach a high fracture resistance.

BibliographyDehm, G.: Miniaturized single-crystalline fcc metals deformed in tension: New insights in size-dependent plasticity. Prog. Mater. Sci., 54, 664-688, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2009.03.005.Guidoni, G. M., L. H. He, T. Schöberl, I. Jäger, G. Dehm, M. V. Swain: Influence of the indenter tip geometry and environment on the indentation modulus of enamel. J. Mater. Res., 24, 616-625, 2009; doi: 10.1557/JMR.2009.0110.Kolednik, O., J. Predan, N. Gubeljak, D. F. Fischer: Modeling fatigue crack growth in a bimaterial specimen with the configurational forces concept. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 519, 172-183, 2009; doi:10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.059.Massl, S., W. Thomma, J. Keckes, R. Pippan: Investigation of fracture properties of magnetron-sputtered TiN films by means of a FIB-based cantilever bending technique. Acta Mater., 57, 1768-1776, 2009; doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2008.12.018.Motz, C., D. Weygand, J. Senger, P. Gumbsch: Initial dislocation structures in 3-D discrete dislocation dynamics and their influence on microscale plasticity. Acta Mater., 57, 1744-1754, 2009; doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2008.12.020.Oh, S. H., M. Legros, D. Kiener, G. Dehm: In situ observation of dislocation nucleation and escape in a submicrometre aluminium single crystal. Nat. Mater., 8, 95-100, 2009; doi: 10.1038/nmat2370.Legros, M., G. Dehm, E. Arzt, T. J. Balk: Observation of giant diffusivity along dislocation cores. Science, 319, 1646-1649, 2008; doi: 10.1126/science.1151771.Kiener, D., W. Grosinger, G. Dehm, R. Pippan: A further step towards an understanding of size-

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dependent crystal plasticity: In situ tension experiments of miniaturized single-crystal copper samples. Acta Mater., 56, 580-592, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.10.015.Vorhauer, A., and R. Pippan: On the onset of a steady state in body-centered cubic iron during severe plastic deformation at low homologous

temperatures. Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 39, 417-429, 2008; doi: 10.1007/s11661-007-9413-1.Motz, C., D. Weygand, J. Senger, P. Gumbsch: Micro-bending tests: A comparison between three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics simulations and experiments. Acta Mater., 56, 1942-1955, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.12.053.


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Aims and FunctionsElementary particle physics explores the fundamental laws governing the smallest consti tuents of matter and their interactions. The great advances in our present understanding have, to a large extent, been possible through the development of ever more powerful particle accelerators, allowing us to explore increasingly smaller dimensions. For these reasons, the institute partici pates in experiments at the European Particle Laboratory CERN in Geneva and at the Japanese research centre KEK near Tokyo/Japan.

The experimental and theoretical research over the last decades has led to a coherent picture of the fundamental particles of matter and their interactions, the so-called “Standard Model”. Although remarkably successful, one of its fundamental assumptions – that the “Higgs mechanism” is providing the masses to the elementary particles - is still untested and many fundamental questions remain to be answered: Is our world supersymmetric? What is the nature of dark matter, dominating our Universe? What happened to the antimatter, produced in the Big Bang? The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is opening a new energy frontier and was specifically constructed to address some of these questions.

The institute develops and builds state-of-the-art par-ticle detectors and electronic systems for these experi-ments and develops software for data analysis. It also works on theoretical models for describing and under-standing the experimental results. Our research at the LHC focuses on supersymmetry and precision tests of the theory of Strong Interactions. At KEK we are one of the leading groups in the study of matter-antimatter asymmetry.

We are strongly involved in teaching at the University of Technology, in student supervision and outreach activities.

With LHC and a new program at KEK the institute is looking at an exciting and arguably very rich re-search phase. Yet, in discussions and in synergy with other institutions in Vienna ideas are being developed to broaden the research activities towards some of the fascinating possibilities offered by particle physics ex-perimentation at extremely low energies.


The CMS-Experiment at the “Large Hadron Collider” (LHC) of CERNThe central event was the successful start of the Large Hadron Collider, preceded by cosmic muon data taking periods, during which the full CMS detector operated. On November 23, 2009 LHC delivered its first proton-proton collisions, initially at an energy of 900 GeV and subsequently at 2.36 TeV – a new world record. The project groups Tracker, Trigger and Physics Analysis contributed to detector construction and commissioning and to data selection and analysis. They also performed coordination and management tasks.

By mid-2008 the silicon strip tracker – the world’s largest (Fig. 1) - was built with major HEPHY partici-pation, and the pixel detectors with readout modules developed in Vienna were installed and tested. The analysis of cosmic muon tracks confirmed the design performance of the detector elements and the detec-tor system and of the event selection processors (“Trig-ger”). The novel Kalman Alignment Algorithm for the micron-precision alignment of the detector elements was developed in Vienna. Without the trigger electron-ics and its operating system, developed by HEPHY, CMS could not have taken data (Fig. 2). The expertise of the Vienna project groups is now being directed to R&D projects for tracking and triggering for the planned LHC intensity upgrade.

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collaboration (including many new groups) was officially formed and the accelerator concept (“low emittance”) was chosen. The Vienna group was asked to take respon-sibility for the design and construction of the silicon strip detector (readout electronics, sensor design, mechanics) and for track reconstruction algorithms.

The ILD-Experiment at the “International Collider” (ILC)A deeper under standing of physics at center-of-mass energies in the TeV range also requires precision measure-ments which are attainable only in e–e+ collisions. Such a linear collider up to 1 TeV is being designed in a world wide effort, the ILC. We participate within the “Inter national Large Detector” (ILD) collaboration.Our contributions: R&D for silicon strip detectors of high spatial resolution (using test beams at CERN and DESY); software for detector optimization and decay vertex reconstruction of short-lived particles.The ILD Detector Concept, after an international peer-review, was validated as one of the two future ILC experiments.

Theoretical StudiesIn the Theory project, “Supersymmetry” (also supported by an EU project) the following topics were covered:

Precision calculations to processes with Higgs bo-sons and superpartner particlesCP violation in particle productions and decays Signatures of quark flavour violation at the LHCMonte-Carlo studies of stop pair production at an ILC

Furthermore, a large international meeting, related to many of the above points, was hosted in 2009 (“HEPTools”).

The Theory project, “QCD” deals mainly with the in-vestigation of relativistic bound states, primarily of those

CMS – Physics Analysis of the CMS DataDuring the reporting period the analysis procedures, originally tested on simulated data, were optimized for and validated on real detector data. In its research program for supersymmetry, HEPHY made major contributions to the analysis of events with one charged lepton and is developing new generic search strategies for supersymmetric particles.

Since late 2009, a second research program has been addressing the production and decay of heavy quark (“quarkonium”) states. This program performs preci-sion tests of the theory of Strong Interaction at this new energy scale, aiming to answer several fundamental open questions using early CMS data.

One of HEPHY’s responsibilities is to operate and maintain a large computing cluster (a “Tier2” node in the worldwide GRID computing net). It provides fast and reliable access to data for the HEPHY research ac-tivities and serves as an official analysis centre for two CMS physics groups.

The Belle-Experiment at the Japanese Laboratory KEKThe years 2008/2009 have been extremely successful for the Belle experiment and the KEKB collider (>300 journal publications, record luminosity, 2008 Physics Nobel Prize awarded to M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa for their matter-antimatter (CKM) theory, confirmed by Belle). Vienna was responsible for two Belle collaboration papers. Two results shown at international conferences are being prepared for publication. Two Ph.D. theses with Belle data have been submitted in Vienna.

The Belle upgrade Belle-II will probe the CKM theory with even higher precision from 2013 onwards. A new

Fig. 1: The silicon strip tracker during its delicate insertion into CMS. *��+�;� ��%��#�� "X��


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Erö, J., et al.: The CMS Drift Tube Trigger Track Finder. JINST, 3, P08006, 25 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/P08006.Widl, E., and R. Frühwirth: A large-scale appli-cation of the Kalman alignment algorithm to the CMS tracker. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 119, (3) 032038, 7 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/119/3/032038.Schwanda, C., et al. (The Belle collaboration): Measurement of the moments of the photon energy spectrum in B -> Xs� decays and deter-mination of |Vcb| and mb at Belle. Phys. Rev. D, 78, 032016, 13 p., 2008; doi: 10.1103/PhysRe-vD.78.032016.Widhalm, L., et al. (The Belle collaboration): Measurement of B(Ds

+�μ+�μ). Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 241801, 6 p., 2008; doi: 10.1103/PhysRev-Lett.100.241801. Valentan, M., M. Regler, and R. Frühwirth: Gen-eralization of the Gluckstern formulas II: Multiple scattering and non-zero dip angles. Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 606, 728-742, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.05.024.Lucha, W., D. Melikhov, and S. Simula: Effective continuum threshold in dispersive sum rules. Phys. Rev. D, 79, 096011, 5 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/Phys-RevD.79.096011.Hall, R. L., and W. Lucha: Semirelativistic N-boson systems bound by attractive pair potentials. J. Phys. A-Math. Gen., 42, 395303, 11 p., 2009; doi: 10.1088/1751-8113/42/39/395303.Christova, E., H. Eberl, E. Ginina, W. Majerotto: CP violation in H±t production at the LHC. Phys. Rev. D, 79, 096005, 13 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.79.096005.Bartl, A., K. Hidaka, K. Hohenwarter-Sodek, T. Kernreiter, W. Majerotto, W. Porod: Impact of squark generation mixing on the search for gluinos at LHC. Phys. Lett. B, 679, 260-266, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.07.050.

described by quantum chromodynamics. Among oth-ers, systematic stability analyses have been performed, existing methods to extract predictions improved, and rigorous theorems derived. The techniques developed were also applied to e.g. gravitationally bound many-body systems (“boson stars”).

OutreachThe HEPHY-organized LHC-exhibition with 5,000 visitors in Vienna travelled afterwards through 17 schools in 5 provinces. Furthermore, 4 “Masterclasses”, 5 talks at Children’s Universities and 17 visits at elementary schools with “Hands-On Physics” were organized. In the framework of the “Lower Austria Academy for Gifted Children” we held 4 courses. We participated in “Science on Stage” and the “Long Night of Research”. For teachers we offered 3 seminars. Two brochures and a video have been developed.

BibliographyChatrchyan, C., et al. (CMS Collaboration): CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. JINST, 3, S08004, 361 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/S08004.

Fig. 3: Nobel prize winner Makoto Kobayashi with members of the ��9 ��


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Aims and TasksIn November 2003 the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IQOQI) was founded by means of treaties with the Universities of Innsbruck and Vienna. The institute consists of a section in Innsbruck, with research groups led by the Scientific Directors R. Blatt and R. Grimm (experimental physics), H. Briegel and P. Zoller (theoretical physics), and of a section in Vienna with A. Zeilinger as Scientific Director. The institute is based in Innsbruck, one section is located in Vienna. In the groups of the sections in Innsbruck and Vienna, currently 10 senior scientists, 16 postdocs and 36 PhD students actively participate in the research projects. They are supported by technical and administrative staff of a headcount of 26. In total, at the moment, round about 100 persons are administrated. The common institute is essential for focussing the activities in Vienna and Innsbruck; furthermore, cooperation agreements exist with the University of Innsbruck and the University of Vienna.

The goal of the foundation of the IQOQI was to cre-ate a research institute of the academy directly linked to the university, in a framework which allows the institute and the university to mutually complement each other in their research and teaching activities. The institute has been modelled on the Max-Planck Insti-modelled on the Max-Planck Insti-on the Max-Planck Insti-tutes in Germany, regarding the research standards as well as the structures – as far as they are compatible with the academy’s structures – but with a significantly larger proportion of fundraising in the financing of the institute. The close connection to the university, espe-cially the spatial proximity, is thought to induce a close exchange at PhD student and postdoc levels, and to achieve the integration of members of the Academy In-stitute into the teaching activities of the university. The research profile of the institute is characterised by the broad experimental and theoretical basic research

in the fields of quantum information, quantum optics and atomic physics. Besides the formal theoretical foun-dations of quantum information (Briegel group), one focus lies on the development of theoretical concepts for the realization and implementation of quantum computers and quantum simulators (Zoller group), and quantum protocols (Briegel group and Zoller group). The experimental work is devoted to quantum optical experiments and the realization of quantum comput-ers on the basis of single stored ions (Blatt group), ex-periments on Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid Fermi gases at ultra low temperatures (Grimm group) and with experiments probing the fundamentals of quantum physics as well as its application for quantum communication and quantum computers (Zeilinger group). The close collaboration of these groups leads to substantial synergy effects, so that the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information

provides a framework for focussed researchallows for long-term projects with large time horizoncomplements the university’s researchdevelops quantum technology in collaboration with industrial enterprisesconstitutes a platform for internationally funded researchprovides a center for international guest scientistsallows young scientists to develop a personal re-search profile


Division R. BlattThe research group led by R. Blatt investigates quantum processes in a system of few laser-cooled ions held in linear ion traps. In the past few months, we used the entanglement creation mechanism previously demonstrated with two ions for creating high-fidelity GHZ states of up to eight ions. In a further experiment, we demonstrated quantum non-demolition

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addressing quantum information tasks or fundamental questions of physics. The group reports the remarkable versatility of the first experimental characterization of a polarization entangled six-photon state by projecting out smaller entangled states of different classes important for quantum computing. The group uses a sophisticated gate that transfers the usual polarization entanglement onto discrete colour entanglement. Such colour-entangled states have potential applications for enhanced clock synchronization and improved quantum communication under realistic conditions. Other experiments address the challenge of distributing entangled states between distant parties. Recently the group demonstrated the successful transmission of an entangled photon pair over a 144 km free-space link. The total channel loss of 64 dB corresponds to the estimated attenuation regime for a two-photon satellite quantum communication scenario, which is encouraging for future world-wide quantum communication scenarios using satellites. For pushing the applicability of current quantum cryptography, the group also performed a quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on polarization entanglement for use in deployed telecom fibers.

Division P. ZollerThe research projects in the Zoller group combine together various areas of many-body physics, quantum mechanics, quantum optics, and quantum information, and aim to engineer novel quantum systems on the basis of atomic and molecular ensembles and hybrid systems, understand their quantum behavior, both equilibrium and non-equilibrium, find efficient ways for preparation of desired quantum states in such systems, and analyze their potential applications for quantum computations and quantum information processing. The brief summary of the results includes full quantum mechanical description of interacting bosons in optical lattice with the three-body constraint dynamically generated as a result of strong three-body losses, and revealing various connections of this system to various fundamental concepts in the physics of strongly fluctuating systems. Various schemes were developed that allow experimental production of various many-body quantum states, both ground and metastable, in lattice quantum gases. We performed a thorough analysis of an ensemble of Rydberg atoms and developed a Rydberg quantum simulator that allows for digital quantum simulation of both coherent and dissipative dynamics of complex many-body spin models, such as Kitaev’s toric code, color codes and lattice gauge theories. We also studied various optomechanical hybrid systems - nano- and micromechanical devices

measurements of spin correlations and employed them for carrying out a state-independent test of non-contextual hidden-variable theories. In yet another experiment we simulated the physics of a relativistic free particle using a single laser-manipulated trapped ion. Furthermore, the electric stray fields occurring in a micro-fabricated segmented ion trap were analyzed using measurements resolving their spatial structure.

Division H. BriegelThe research group led by H. J. Briegel investigates models of quantum computation and the foundations of quantum information theory. In the reporting period we were able to clarify and further generalize the role of entanglement in measurement-based quantum computers. We used concepts and tools developed in quantum information to study problems in statistical physics, and to derive complexity statements for a class of statistical models including simple lattice gauge theories. We developed novel methods for the detection of multi-partite entanglement in experiments, as well as for the simulation of strongly correlated many-body systems. We also discussed possible mechanisms that may generate and maintain entanglement in biological systems.

Division R. GrimmThe research group led by R. Grimm examines quantum materials of ultracold gases at extremely low temperatures. At IQOQI, we produce Fermi-Fermi mixtures of lithium with potassium and examine phenomena that are also underlying the special properties of superconductors. We have identified a regime in which potassium can be stably immersed in a strongly interacting lithium gas and used e.g. for precise temperature measurements. We started determining the properties of the Li-K interspecies Feshbach resonances and were able to create heteronuclear LiK molecules.We constructed a second experiment that will explore degenerate strontium gases. Using a novel approach we were the first to obtain Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of Strontium. Strontium is after ytterbium and calcium only the third atomic species with two electrons in an unfilled shell that has been Bose-condensed. We discovered that the isotope 84Sr has properties that are ideal for the production of big BECs in a robust way, making strontium the prime candidate for future research with two-electron atoms.

Division A. ZeilingerThe research group of Professor Anton Zeilinger could strengthen its position by realizing different experiments

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coupled to optical cavity modes or to a matter-wave, focusing on the regime of strong coupling resulting in substantial optomechanical correlations.

Bibliography

Division R. BlattBenhelm, J., G. Kirchmair, C. F. Roos, R. Blatt: Towards fault-tolerant quantum computing with trapped ions. Nat. Phys., 4, 463-466, 2008; doi: 10.1038/nphys961.Kirchmair, G., F. Zähringer, R. Gerritsma, M. Kleinmann, O. Gühne, A. Cabello, R. Blatt, C. F. Roos: State-independent experimental test of quantum contextuality. Nature, 460, 494-497, 2009; doi: 10.1038/nature08172.

Division H. BriegelBriegel, H. J., D. E. Browne, W. Dür, R. Raussen-dorf, and M. Van den Nest: Measurement-based quantum computation. Nat. Phys., 5, 19-26, 2009; doi: 10.1038/nphys1157.De las Cuevas, G., W. Dür, H. J. Briegel, and M. A. Martin-Delgado: Unifying all classical spin models in a Lattice Gauge Theory. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 230502, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRev-Lett.102.230502.

Division R. GrimmStellmer, S., M. Khoon Tey, B. Huang, R. Grimm, F. Schreck: Bose-Einstein condensation of Strontium.

Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 200401, 4 p., 2009; 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.200401.Spiegelhalder, F. M., A. Trenkwalder, D. Naik, G. Hendl, F. Schreck, R. Grimm: Collisional stability of 40K immersed in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of 6Li. Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 223203, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.223203.

Division A. ZeilingerFedrizzi, A., R. Ursin, T. Herbst, M. Nespoli, R. Prevedel, T. Scheidl, F. Tiefenbacher, T. Jennewein, A. Zeilinger: High-fidelity transmission of entan-glement over a high-loss free-space channel. Nat. Phys., 5, 389-392, 2009; doi: 10.1038/nphys1255.Gröblacher, S., K. Hammerer, M. R. Vanner, M. Aspelmeyer: Observation of strong coupling between a micromechanical resonator and an optical cavity field. Nature, 460, 724-727, 2009; doi: 10.1038/nature08171.

Division P. ZollerDaley, A. J., J. M. Taylor, S. Diehl, M. Baranov, and P. Zoller: Atomic three-body loss as a dy-namical three-body interaction. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 040402, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRev-Lett.102.040402.Hammerer, K., M. Wallquist, C. Genes, M. Ludwig, F. Marquardt, P. Treutlein, P. Zoller, J. Ye, and H. J. Kimble: Strong coupling of a mechanical oscillator and a single atom. Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 063005, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.063005.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Stefan Meyer Institute (SMI) performs basic experimental research in the field of subatomic physics. The main scientific areas are the study of the strong interaction involving strange quarks, matter-antimatter symmetry and, in the future, physics with antiproton beams at the international accelerator centre FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) at Darmstadt/Germany.

Exotic atoms (atoms that contain another elementary particle in their shell instead of an electron) and exotic bound states of elementary particles and nuclei are used as test systems for the experimental investigation of fundamental interactions and symmetries. New results on the matter-antimatter symmetry can be obtained by the spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms and antihydrogen (the simplest atom consisting of pure antimatter). The study of X-ray transitions in hadronic atoms (e.g. in kaonic hydrogen) provides precise investigation of strong interaction. These investigations are of big importance for the verification and advancement of the theoretical description of the kaon-nucleon interaction. These will allow us to obtain a detailed understanding of low-energy QCD, also in view of the intensively discussed question on the creation and properties of deeply bound kaon-nucleus systems. The search for such systems is a hot topic in subatomic physics.

The experiments of SMI are carried out within international collaborations at particle accelerators: Antiproton Decelerator (AD) of CERN/Switzerland, electron-positron collider DA�NE at LNF/Italy, GSI/Germany and J-PARC/Japan. The future international accelerator facility FAIR at Darmstadt plays a central role. In addition, SMI is integrated into the community through large-scale European projects and receives additional funding from the EU as well as the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) to carry out these activities.


Matter-antimatter symmetry Precision spectroscopy of atoms containing an antiproton (the negatively charged antiparticle of the proton) allows precise determination of the properties of the antiproton by comparing the measured spectra with modern QED calculations. Within the ASACUSA collaboration at CERN-AD we investigated the exotic atom antiprotonic helium by laser and microwave spectroscopy. The results can be regarded as a test of the fundamental matter-antimatter symmetry, i.e. CPT symmetry. Testing CPT conservation is in part motivated by the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe, because the conservation of CPT would lead to the creation of equal amounts of matter and antimatter.

An interesting quantity hereby is the magnetic moment of the antiproton, which is currently known only to 0.3%. Under the leadership of SMI a series of measurements was carried out over several years using a combined method of laser and microwave spectroscopy. This resulted in an improvement of factor 5 over our earlier measurements, which allowed us to determine the magnetic moment of the antiproton with higher precision than before.

Kaon-nucleon interactionThe kaon is the lightest particle containing a strange quark. Of special interest is the interaction of negatively charged kaons (K–) at low energies. An international network (LEANNIS) dealing with this topic is led by SMI within the EU project HadronPhysics2. The study of the strong kaon-nucleon interaction at low energy can be most precisely done through the X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic hydrogen (a K– bound to a proton). This was the goal of the SIDDHARTA experiment at DA�NE in which SMI is a key participant. After intense

Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physic

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book under SMI participation. SMI participates in the design of the target system as well as in the evaluation of new detector technologies for PANDA (gas-electron multipliers, novel photo detectors).

International conferencesSMI started a conference series, permanently located in Vienna, on exotic atoms with the first EXA conference in 2002. The third meeting so far EXA08 was organized in 2008 together with the international conference LEAP08 (Low Energy Antiproton Physics). About 180 scientists from European countries, Japan, China, Russia, USA and Canada participated in the conference organized in the headquarters of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The proceedings will be published in the refereed journal Hyperfine Interactions.

BibliographySchwarz, C., D. Bettoni, D. Branford, V. Carassiti, A. Cecchi, V. Kh. Dodokhof, M. Düren, K. Föhl, R. Hohler, R. Kaiser, A. Lehmann, D. Lehmann, J. Marton, K. Peters, G. Schepers, L. Schmitt, P. Schönmeier, B. Seitz, C. Sfienti, A. Teufel, A. S. Vodopianov: The barrel DIRC of the PANDA ex-periment. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 595, 112-115, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.053.Sato, M., H. Bhang, J. Chiba, Seonho Choi, Y. Fu-kuda, T. Hanaki, R. S. Hayano, M. Iio, T. Ishika-wa, S. Ishimoto, T. Ishiwatari, K. Itahashi, M. Iwai, M. Iwasaki, P. Kienle, J. H. Kim, Y. Matsuda, H. Ohnishi, S. Okada, H. Outa, S. Suzuki, T. Suzu-ki, D. Tomono, E. Widmann, T. Yamazaki, and H. Yim: Search for strange tribaryon states in the in-clusive 4He(K-stopped,p) reaction. Phys. Lett. B, 659, 107-112, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.11.024.Zmeskal, J., From kaonic atoms to kaonic nuclei:

R&D work (e.g. an array of novel large-area silicon detectors with good timing resolution) data were taken throughout most of 2009 on kaonic hydrogen, deuterium, and helium. First results on helium-4 had already been published and clearly reproduced our earlier results taken at KEK/Japan, which finally solved a 30-year old puzzle of strong interaction. The results on kaonic hydrogen are eagerly awaited by the theoretical community.After several years of preparations an experiment searching for the simplest deeply bound system K–pp using the FOPI detector at GSI was carried out in 2009. The FOPI detector had to be upgraded by a newly developed detector system and a liquid hydrogen target to allow for the detection of K–pp in proton-proton collisions.

FAIRSMI participates in three experiments of the future FAIR facility (FLAIR, PANDA, and AIC). Precision studies of matter-antimatter symmetry will be performed at FLAIR (Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research) using improved technologies as compared to CERN-AD. PANDA, one of the main experiments of FAIR, uses high-energy antiprotons for studies involving charm quarks. The field received a new push from the discovery of new particle states in the accessible energy range which are currently of unknown nature. In 2009 the diverse physics program was published in a physics

Fig. 1: Picture of a cavity used for micro-wave spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium at CERN-AD.

Fig. 3: Artist’s view of the planned PANDA detector at FAIR.


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A search for antikaon-mediated bound nuclear sys-tems. Prog. Part. Nuclear Phys., 61, 512-550, 2008; doi: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2008.02.002.Pask, T., D. Barna, A. Dax, R. S. Hayano, M. Hori, D. Horváth, B. Juhász, C. Malbrunot, J. Marton, N. Ono, K. Suzuki, J. Zmeskal, E. Widmann: The improved study of the antiprotonic helium hyper-fine structure. J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt., 41, 081008, 8 p., 2008; doi: 10.1088/0953-4075/41/8/081008.SIDDHARTA collaboration: M. Bazzi, G. Beer, L. Bombelli, A. M. Bragadireanu, M. Cargnelli, G. Corradi, C. Curceanu (Petrascu), A. d‘Uffizi, C. Fiorini, T. Frizzi, F. Ghio, B. Girolami, C. Guaraldo, R. S. Hayano, M. Iliescu, T. Ishiwa-tari, M. Iwasaki, P. Kienle, P. Levi Sandri, A. Longoni, V. Lucherini, J. Marton, S. Okada, D. Pietreanu, T. Ponta, A. Rizzo, A. Romero Vidal, A. Scordo, H. Shi, D. L. Sirghi, F. Sirghi, H. Tatsuno, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, O. Vaz-quez Doce, E. Widmann and J. Zmeskal: Kaonic helium-4 X-ray measurement in SIDDHARTA. Phys. Lett. B, 681, 310-314, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.10.052.Pask, T., D. Barna, A. Dax, R. S. Hayano, M. Hori, D. Horváth, S. Friedreich, B. Juhász, O. Massiczek, N. Ono, A. Sótér, E. Widmann: An-tiproton magnetic moment determined from the HFS of antiprotonic helium. Phys. Lett. B, 678, 55-59, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.05.038.

Covita, D. S., D. F. Anagnostopoulos, H. Gorke, D. Gotta, A. Gruber, A. Hirtl, T. Ishiwatari, P. In-delicato, E.-O. LeBigot, M. Nekipelov, J. M. F. dos Santos, Ph. Schmid, L. M. Simons, M. Trassinelli, J. F. C. A. Veloso and J. Zmeskal: Line shape of the μH(3p - 1s) hyperfine transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 023401, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/Phys-RevLett.102.023401.Benabderrahmane, M. L., N. Herrmann, K. Wis-niewski, J. Kecskemeti, A. Andronic, V. Barret, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, P. Buehler, M. Cargnelli, R. Caplar, E. Cordier, I. Deppner, P. Crochet, P. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, L. Fabbietti, Z. Fodor, P. Gasik, I. Gašparic, Y. Grishkin, O. N. Hartmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, T. I. Kang, P. Kien-le, M. Kirejczyk, Y. J. Kim, M. Kiš, P. Koczon, M. Korolija, R. Kotte, A. Lebedev, Y. Leifels, X. Lopez, V. Manko, J. Marton, A. Mangiarotti, M. Merschmeyer, T. Matulewicz, M. Petrovici, K. Pi-asecki, F. Rami, A. Reischl, W. Reisdorf, M. Ro-gowska, M. S. Ryu, P. Schmidt, A. Schüttauf, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, K. S. Sim, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczynska, V. Smolyankin, K. Suzuki, Z. Ty-minski, E. Widmann, Z. G. Xiao, T. Yamazaki, I. Yushmanov, X.Y. Zhang, A. Zhilin, and J. Zmes-kal, E. Bratkovskaya and W. Cassing, Measure-ment of the In-Medium K0 inclusive cross section in π- induced reactions at 1.15 GeV/c. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 182501, 4 p., 2009; doi: 10.1103/Phys-RevLett.102.182501.Suzuki, K., P. Bühler, S. Fossati, J. Marton, M. Schafhauser, J. Zmeskal, Development of SciFi/CheFi detector with SiPM readout. Nucl. Inst-rum. Methods A, 620, 75-77, 2009; doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.05.07.Juhasz, B., J. Marton, K. Suzuki, E. Widmann and J. Zmeskal (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Exotic Atoms (EXA 2008) and the 9th International Conference on Low Energy Anti-proton Physics (LEAP 2008) held in Vienna, Aust-ria, 15-19 September 2008, Hyperfine Interact., 193, (1-3), 347 p., Sept. 2009; Foreword: doi: 10.1007/s10751-009-0072-z.

Fig. 2: Picture of the X-ray detector array of SIDDHARTA at DA�NE.


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Environmental Research

Institute for Limnology Head: Thomas Weisse

Aims and FunctionsLimnology is the comprehensive science of the biological properties of inland waters in their physical-chemical environment. Process oriented basic research is the main task of the Institute for Limnology (ILIM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (AAS). Model organisms, reaching from bacteria to fish species, are being used to investigate issues of general ecological and evolutionary relevance. The research results are also used, however, for consulting and in the search for solutions in the planning, use and protection of inland waters. An example is given at the end of this report. The present research of ILIM provides the basis for the sustainable use and protection of the water quality of our fresh waters.

The institute participated in >10 FWF and 1 EU research projects (Fig. 4) during 2008/2009, and was, with >40 staff members and collaborators at the beginning of the reporting period, the largest Austrian research institution in aquatic ecology. Its core competences are in the fields of lake research, paleolimnology, and evolutionary ecology. Current research focuses on

investigating the origin and maintenance of a diversity of aquatic organisms and communities at various levels, ranging from molecules (genes and proteins) over organisms and populations to communities. Most senior scientists of ILIM are qualified to give lectures at various Austrian universities. The institute manages the International Post-Graduate training programmes in Limnology (IPGL) and provides a substantial part of the teaching within these courses. Several of the institute’s researchers serve in national and international professional societies and working groups and are active as peer reviewers and editorial board members of international journals.

Results for 2008–2009Research and teaching activities of ILIM were seriously hampered with the beginning of the reconstruction work at the main building in the spring of 2008 and virtually stopped for six weeks when the institute moved to the interim facilities in the summer. Since then the institute’s facilities and personnel have been spread over five different localities in Mondsee and surrounding areas. At the beginning of 2010, the shell of the house

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will be complete (Fig. 1), but it is not clear when the construction work will be finished. Due to the difficult financial situation of the AAS, two research scientists’ posts could not be renewed on the retirement of the respective long-time staff members during the reporting period. These unfavourable framework conditions did not only impede the work of the institute’s scientists, but caused the participation of guest researchers and graduate students in the institute’s research to decline markedly relative to previous years.

In spite of these obstacles, the institute continued its investigations within the current research focus, i.e. studying the extent, origin and ecological significance of intraspecific diversity of aquatic micro- and macroor-ganisms. Highlights of the institute’s basic research in 2008/09 were

the characterization of the microvidin gene cluster encoding the ribosomal synthesis of the common bioactive peptide microviridin in the cyanobacteri-um genus Planktothrix linking ecological and phylogenetic diversity of the free-living, heterotrophic bacterium Polynuc-leobacter necessarius and of widespread and ubi-quitous protists of the Spumella morphotypedeveloping a method for the quantitative analysis of planktonic heterotrophic protists and microalgae from preserved field samples combining morphological and small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysisdetecting significant habitat x strain interaction in aquatic protistsdeveloping an automated analysis system for expe-rimental rotifer populations that revealed fitness differences between obligate vs. cyclical partheno-genetic rotiferspublishing a conceptual paper on the long-term persistence of parthenogenesis in a small fish, the Amazon molly

demonstrating that indigenous Alpine whitefish have higher fitness than introduced Baltic white-fish and their hybridsreconstructing water temperatures in the Alps for the last glacial termination spanning the period from approximately 19,000 to 13,000 years agopredicting from a modelling approach the poten-tial impact of short-term temperature fluctuations on carbon flux in small water bodies in the course of climate change

The long-term research of the working group Paleolim-nology enabled the institute to take a leading role in the publication of a popular scientific book (Ed. Schmidt et al. 2009), summarizing the Austrian climate research in an interdisciplinary context (Fig. 2). This book pre-sents an overview about climatic conditions and their consequences over the past 20,000 years and aims to set a broader audience thinking about the ongoing climate change scenario. A Ph.D. student of the working group Paleolimnology, Kerstin Huber, was awarded the first prize within the APA-OTS contest “Researchers write press releases” for her article “A lake tells of the climate past”. The results obtained within this dissertation on the Carinthian Lake Längsee deciphered the climate conditions during the period 19,000 to 13,000 years B. P. and indicated strong changes of the average tem-perature, long before the current, man-made climate change. Results of the project “CLIM-Land” were pub-lished as an article (Schmidt & Boenigk 2009) within the 400 page illustrated book “Planet Austria” (Ed. Köck et al. 2009). This book introduces 33 selected projects, which were all conducted under the patron-age of the AAS, to a wider audience.

At Lake Traunsee, a landslide of the so-called “Gschliefgraben” in the district of Gmunden, which had occurred at the end of 2007, required removal of

Fig. 2: Research of the working group Paleolimnol-��D��-�� the publication of the inter-�� (�� '/ ��/��8��

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climate and land use impacts on an Austrian al-pine lake using seasonal temperature anoma-lies, ice-cover, sedimentology, and pollen tracers. J. Paleolimnol. 40: 453-469. Sharma, A. K., Sommerfeld, K., Bullerjahn, G. S., Matteson, A. R., Wilhelm, S. W., Jezbera, J., Brandt, U., Doolittle, W. F.,and Hahn, M. W. (2009): Actinorhodopsin genes discovered in di-verse freshwater habitats and among cultivated freshwater Actinobacteria. The ISME Journal 3: 726–737.Stelzer, C. P. (2009) Automated system for sampling, counting, and biological analysis of rotifer populations. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 7: 856-864.

the slipping scree and debris to protect the settlements on the lakeshore. Since spring 2008 a large part of this material has been dumped directly into the lake (Fig. 3). Several researchers of ILIM investigated the effect of this input of 150,000 m³ of materials from Gschliefgraben onto the physical and biological properties of Lake Traunsee in two research campaigns during the summer of 2009.

BibliographyBoenigk, J. (2008) The past and present classifica-tion problem in nanoflagellates. Protist 159:319-337.Christiansen, G., Molitor, C., Philmus, B., Kur-mayer, R. (2008) Non-toxic strains of cyanobac-teria are the result of major gene deletion events induced by a transposable element. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25:1695-1704.Kurmayer, R. & Christiansen, G. (2009): The ge-netic basis of toxin production in Cyanobacteria. Freshwater Reviews 2:31-50.Loewe, L., Lamatsch, D. K. (2008) Muller s ratch-et may threaten the Amazon molly and other an-cient asexuals. BMC Evol. Biol. 88: 88-108. Montagnes, D. J. S., Morgan, G., Bissinger, J. E., Atkinson, D., Weisse, T. (2008) Short-term tem-perature change may impact freshwater carbon flux: a microbial perspective. Global Change Biol. 14: 2810-2822.Pamminger-Lahnsteiner, B., Weiss, S. Winkler K., and Wanzenböck, J. (2009): Composition of native and introduced mtDNA lineages in Coregonus sp. in two Austrian lakes: evidence for spatio-temporal segregation of larvae? Hydrobiologia 632: 167-175. Pfandl, K., Chatzinotas, A., Dyal P., Boenigk, J. (2009): SSU rRNA gene variation resolves popu-lation heterogeneity and ecophysiological differ-entiation within a morphospecies (Stramenopiles, Chrysophyceae). Limnol Oceanogr 54:171-181.Schmidt, R., Roth, M., Tessadri, R., Weckström, K. et al. (2008) Disentangling late-Holocene

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Aims and FunctionsThe Institute of Technology Assessment (ITA) performs inter-disciplinary scientific research at the interface of technology and society. Technology assessment (TA) aims to develop insights into the societal consequences of new technologies in order to be able to shape the structural conditions for technological change. In concrete terms, societal benefit from technological progress should be maximised while avoiding negative impacts.

ITA investigates the applications of new technologies in their societal context. The analysis of technological and social conditions, of risks and opportunities provides the basis for developing technological and organisational design alternatives and regulatory options. To this end it is important to seek systematic and interdisciplinary empirical verification and to present the results in a highly transparent form. In addition, a pre-condition for ITA’s work is a considerable amount of basic research and an effort to detect fields of future problems as early as possible. The results are processed into decision-related options. The reports address all those who

are interested in the conditions and consequences of technological change. In particular, they are aimed at decision-makers involved in the shaping of this change. Many of ITA’s projects for national and supra-national organisations highlight this function. Furthermore, international cooperation, particularly within the EU, represents a significant part of ITA’s work.

Results for 2008–2009The ITA’s research activities can be classified under four focal points: information society (e-governance – ICT in the public sector, privacy and security technologies, infrastructure and net innovations), technology and sustainability, governance of technology controversies, and cross-cutting issues (methods and monitoring). In this period, a total of 25, mostly third-party funded projects were carried out, a few highlights from which are set out in the following.

The ITA-coordinated EU PRISE project concluded with an international conference in Vienna in April 2008. The main result was guidelines for the development and implementation of security technologies that respect and further the basic right of protection of privacy. It could be shown that it is necessary to define an inviolable core of the private sphere and that there are technical, organisational and legal regulations for the design of security technologies in a manner that conforms with human rights. The “PRISE criteria” will be considered in formulating future EU security research programmes and will be accounted for in relevant calls.

The involvement of persons other than experts and stakeholders, in other words the methodic participation of citizens with a lay status, in TA projects and in technology policy is gaining practical importance. Two large, internationally coordinated participatory procedures have been carried out for Austria by ITA. In the incomplete EU CIVISTI project, citizens

Institute of Technology Assessment

Head: Michael Nentwich

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has been compiled and ITA has established itself with a number of conferences and workshops and with an informative website as the network node and information platform regarding accompanying research in the field of nanotechnologies.

Two EU projects are devoted to synthetic biology – the engineering of novel organisms, the construction of genetic building-blocks up to the development of new genetic code. Synbiosafe was a platform for the European debate on biosafety issues, the prevention of misuse and bioethical concerns as well as the question of open source versus patenting. COSY examined what the general public is interested in when issues of synthetic biology are communicated and how this content is processed.

Finally, in the reporting period two post-doctoral projects were finalised (the accreditation procedures are still under way). The topic of the first was the education of engineers with a view to sustainability; the other dealt with bioethics committees and citizen participation as new forms of policy advice on moral issues in Austria and Europe.

developed visions of science, technology and innovation. The results will be recommendations to the political sector, deduced from a survey on new developments and priorities as well as on a prospective analysis of future European research activities. In the World Wide Views on Global Warming project, national participatory events took place at the same time in 38 countries with around 4,000 citizens only a few weeks before the climate summit in Copenhagen. Their recommendations were introduced into the climate negotiations at various levels.

In the NanoTrust project we analyse what is known about the possible health and environmental risks of nanotechnologies and how to cope with this knowledge or ignorance. The current international state of knowledge is prepared transparently in so-called dossiers, for instance with respect to the question of whether and how nano particles enter human cells, whether they can transgress the blood-brain-barrier and how cells react to them.

A database of consumer products available in Austria and another documenting the risk-related literature

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BibliographyAichholzer, G., Westholm, H., 2009, Evaluating eParticipation Projects: Practical Examples and Outline of an Evaluation Framework, in: European Journal of ePractice, No. 7, 27-44.Arbter, K., 2009, Handbuch Strategische Umwelt-prüfung, Institut für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung, U. Bechtold (eds), 3rd ext. ed, Vienna: Austrian Academy Press. Bogner, A., 2009, Ethisierung und die Marginali-sierung der Ethik, in: Soziale Welt 60(2), 119-137.Bogner, A., Littig, B., Menz, W. (eds), 2009, Inter-viewing Experts. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Fiedeler, U., 2008, Using Nanotechnology for the Substitution of Hazardous Chemical Substances: Challenges of Definition and Measurement, in: Journal of Industrial Ecology 12(3), 307-315. Kastenhofer, K., 2009, Debating the risks and ethics of emerging technosciences, in: Innovation:

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The European Journal of Social Science Research 22(1), 77-103. Nentwich, M., 2008, Cyberscience: The Age of Digitised Collaboration?, in: Olson, G. M., Zim-mermann, A., Bos, N. (ed.): Scientific Collabora-tion on the Internet, Cambridge/MA-London: MIT Press, 33-49. Ornetzeder, M., Suschek-Berger, J., 2008, In-novation networks in the refurbishment sec-tor of Austria: Promising Approaches waiting for market success, in: International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 3(3/4), 285–300. Sotoudeh, M., 2009, Technical education for sus-tainability, An analysis of needs in the 21st cen-tury, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Torgersen, H., 2009, Synthetic Biology in Society – Learning from past Experience?, in: Systems and Synthetic Biology, 3(1-4), 9-17.


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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies (KIÖS) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences deals with complex ecological questions, which require the cooperation of various scientific disciplines. Members from both the natural sciences and the humanities are represented in KIÖS. Priority is given to issues requiring cooperation beyond the boundaries of institutes, faculties, universities and institutions.

The scientific activities of KIÖS focus on the research and documentation of biodiversity and bioresources in Austria, as well as on interdisciplinary ecological long-term studies, which are of particular interest in view of the discussion on global change. In the context of biodiversity research, specific taxonomic, eco-geographical, phylogenetic and evolutionary investigations are conducted. Particular emphasis is placed on the synthesis of organismic and molecular approaches. Apart from fundamental scientific research and the documentation of biodiversity, the tasks of KIÖS include advisory services for the scientific community, political decision makers and the public on complex ecological issues, as well as public relations. Scientific studies and services for public and private clients are financed by means of third-party funds.

For the documentation of biodiversity, KIÖS publishes in the Biosystematics and Ecology Series besides general scientific articles in the following catalogues and checklists:

Catalogus Florae AustriaeCatalogus Novus Faunae AustriaeChecklists of the Austrian Fauna.

Within its budget limits, KIÖS also supports scientific workshops named after the important Austrian natural scientist Kerner von Marilaun. The Kerner von Mari-laun workshops aim at the exploration of new interdis-

ciplinary approaches and co-operations in the field of ecological long-term studies. In addition, current issues of interdisciplinary ecological research are presented to the scientific community and the interested public.Members of KIÖS are associated with numerous na-tional and international scientific boards. Therefore, a competent and unique interdisciplinary assessment of scientific questions is guaranteed.

Results for 2008–2009Numerous manuscripts were edited during the reporting period in the context of publishing activities for the documentation of biodiversity in Austria. The 3rd issue of the Checklists of the Austrian Fauna, published in 2008, includes the class of Collembola (springtails), the order of Palpigradi (microwhip scorpions) and the family of Vespidae (wasps) in the order Hymenoptera (membrane-winged insects). Issue 4 was published in 2009 and comprises the class of Diplura (two-pronged bristletails), the suborder Symphyta (sawflies) and the order of Auchenorrhyncha (cicadas). The proceedings of the 13th meeting of the International Hamster Working Group, entitled “The Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus): Perspectives on an endangered species” were published in 2009 in issue 25 of the Biosystematics and Ecology Series. The proceedings are composed of papers on population monitoring and conservation projects as well as studies on reproduction. The interdisciplinary character of the meeting is fully reflected by the proceedings and the topic is addressed in an holistic way. For instance, not only the field management but also the actual national policy and jurisdiction levels were evaluated.

In the framework of KIÖS research activities, the years 2008–2009 brought along a series of valuable insights, which can be integrated into the international context of interdisciplinary ecological research. Two projects are cited as examples.

Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Studies

Head: Gerhard Glatzel

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pollinated sexual plants. Introgressive hybridisation seems to play only a subordinate role for the radiation of the Ranunculus auricomus-complex while the ability of uniparental reproduction is a vital factor for founding new populations and colonization.

In December 2008, KIÖS, together with the Commission for Development Studies (KEF), or-ganized the event “Vom Umgang mit den Ressourcen” (On the Fair Use of Resources), which attracted wide interest across the audience. Top class national and international lecturers conveyed a qualified and interdisciplinary insight to the complex context of resource distribution and utilisation. At this point it became clear that the utilisation and the distribution of resources is above all an ethical question.

Specialists of various scientific disciplines developed strategies to identify and evaluate ecosystem services e.g. clean water or air at the Kerner von Marilaun-Workshop 2009 entitled “Landscape Based Cultural Ecosystem Services”. In the context of sustainable land use, linkages between ecosystem services and important determining elements of cultural landscape

The project “Sensory ecology of bumblebees: Adaptation of the visual system to different spectral light qualities in terrestrial habitats” led by Johannes Spaethe, aims at the identification of coherences between the spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors of bumblebees (genus Bombus) and the actual spectral habitat. The relative opsin expressions (proteins found in photoreceptor cells of the retina) were compared among several bumblebee individuals by means of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) of distinct gene sequences. The study shows that the expression of opsins varies between individuals within one species. Populations exposed to a given spectral light environment are consequently able to adapt their relative expression to a particular spectrum. The reproduction biological project “Advantages of apomixis versus selfing: studies on the Ranunculus cassubicus complex using experimental crosses and flow cytometric seed screen”, led by Elvira Hörandl and Eva Temsch investigates inter alia the Mentor-Effect, i.e. mixtures of self-pollen and pollen from another related species can have the effect of a breakdown of self-incompatibility. Flow cytometric seed screening and feulgen-densiometry were applied to test whether self-fertilization or hybridisation took place at the manually

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were highlighted and discussed. Special emphasis was given to identify research needs which could only be approached with interdisciplinary methods in an integrative way.

BibliographyHörandl, E. 2008. Evolutionary implications of self-compatibility and reproductive fitness in the apomictic Ranunculus auricomus polyploid com-plex (Ranunculaceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 169: 1219-1228.Hörandl, E., Cosendai, A. C. et al. 2008: Under-standing the geographic distributions of apomic-tic plants: a case for a pluralistic approach. Plant Ecology & Diversity 1: 309-320.Postl, L., Herler, J. et al. 2008: Geometric mor-phometrics applied to viscerocranial bones in three populations of the Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish Tropheus moorii. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 46: 240−246.Millesi, E., Winkler, H. 2008: The Common Hamster (Cricetus cricetus): Perspectives on an en-dangered species. Biosyst. Ecol. Ser. 25. Wien: Ös-terrr. Akad. Wissen.Schönswetter, P., Schneeweiss, G. M. 2008: An-drosace komovensis sp. nov., a long mistaken local

Fig. 2: Collecting bumblebees (Bombus pascuorum) in the national park Hohe Tauern. The eye’s photoreceptors are able to adapt to the actual spectral habitat.

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endemic from the southern Balkan Peninsula with biogeographic links to the Eastern Alps. Taxon 58/2: 544-549.Pamminger, T. 2008: Bumblebee vision: Modifi-cation of the visual system in terrestrial habitats. Diplomarbeit, Department für Evolutionsbiologie, Universität Wien.Streinzer, M., Paulus, H. F. et al. 2009: Floral col-our signal increases short-range detectability of a sexually deceptive orchid to its bee pollinator. J. Exp. Biol. 212: 1365-1370.Hörandl E. 2009. Geographical parthenogenesis: opportunities for asexuality. In: Schoen, I., Mar-tens, K., Van Dijk P. (eds.), Lost sex, pp. 161-186. Springer, Heidelberg.Hörandl, E., Temsch, E. 2009. Introgression of apomixis into sexual species is in the Ranunculus auricomus complex inhibited by mentor effects and ploidy barriers. Ann. Bot. 104: 81-89.Hochbichler, E., Bruckman, V. et al. 2009: Untersuchungen zur Dynamik der Biomassen‐ und Kohlenstoffvorräte in Niederwäldern mit Überhältern, Mittel‐ und Hochwäldern. Projektbericht zu Projekt 100185. Bundes-ministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt- und Wasserwirtschaft. 168 S, Wien.


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Space Research

Space Research Institute

Head: Wolfgang Baumjohann

Aims and FunctionsThe Space Research Institute (Institut für Weltraumforschung, IWF) in Graz focuses on the exploration of the solar system, on the investigation of near-Earth space, and on satellite geodesy. With over 80 staff members from more than a dozen different nationalities it is the Austrian space research institute par excellence. The activities of the institute cover the whole chain of research needed in its field. It develops and builds space-qualified instruments, including calibration, and operates them once they are in space. The data returned by these instruments is scientifically analyzed and interpreted, supported by theoretical studies. In terms of science, IWF concentrates on

space plasma physics, on the interaction between the atmosphere and exosphere of solar system bodies and the solar wind, and on the Earth’s gravity field. In the area of instrument development the emphasis lies on building magnetometers and satellite potential control systems, on antenna calibration, and satellite laser ranging. Presently, IWF is involved in over a dozen international space missions. It collaborates with the European Space Agency (ESA), national space agencies in the US (NASA), France, Japan, Russia, and China, with Austrian space industry and more than 120 research institutes worldwide. The missions cover the determination of the Earth’s gravity field (GOCE), fleets of satellites in near-Earth space (Cluster, Double Star, THEMIS, RBSP, MMS, Resonance), observation of the Sun (STEREO), exploration of planets such as Saturn (Cassini), Mars (Yinghuo), Venus (Venus Express), Mercury (BepiColombo) and extrasolar planets (COROT), as well as landing on comets (Rosetta). From building the instruments to analyzing their data, all these projects last 10-20 years.

Results for 2008–2009One highlight of the reporting period was the launch of the GOCE mission by ESA in March 2009. The Space Research Institute (IWF) participates, in cooperation with the TU Graz, in the calculation of global gravity field models from the GOCE observations. Another highlight was the discovery of the first rocky exoplanet, until the present moment the exoplanet most similar to Earth, by the COROT space telescope in January 2009, with help from IWF’s technicians and scientists.During the reporting period IWF, in a team combin-ing research and industry, started the development of three instruments for NASA’s mission “Magnet-ospheric MultiScale”, where four satellites will ex-plore the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere. The mission will be launched in 2014. The Electron Drift Instrument measures the electric field with two

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electron beams. IWF develops the digital electron-ics of the detector unit and the electron gun. The Active Spacecraft Potential Control serves to com-pensate for the electrostatic charging of the satellites. The institute leads the instrument development and cooperates with RUAG Aerospace Austria and AIT Seibersdorf. The magnetometer laboratory of IWF, in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, builds a highly integrated mag-netometer chip, which is significantly smaller, more power-saving, and more radiation-tolerant than standard magnetometer electronics.

A major part of data analysis and theoretical stud-ies concentrated on the exploration of the Earth’s magnetosphere by ESA’s four Cluster satellites and NASA’S five THEMIS satellites, launched in 2007. Within ten years, the Cluster mission has reached the milestone of 1,000 scientific publications, based on data from this mission. Among the top 10 scientists, who had published the largest number of articles in this group, there are four IWF scientists.

The VenusExpress data analysis concentrated on the loss of water from the Venusian atmosphere. The VEX magnetometer built at IWF registered the magnetic signature of hydrogen ions in the wider neighbour-neighbour-hood of the Venusian atmosphere, and the Swedish ion spectrometer detected O+ and H+ in the Venusian magnetotail.

During the reporting period, IWF took active part in three studies in the framework of ESA’s long-term scientific program, the so-called Cosmic Vision 2015-2025: Solar Orbiter, a mission for exploration of the Sun and the solar wind, CrossScale, a multi-satellite mission for the investigation of fundamental proce-dures in plasma physics, and Laplace, a mission to Ju-piter’s moon Ganymed. The launch dates of these mis-sions range between 2018 and 2021.

In closing, some numbers: during the reporting pe-riod members of the institute published over 260 ar-ticles in refereed international journals, more than 70 of these as first authors. During the same period, articles by the institute’s researchers were cited about 3,800 times in the international literature. In addi-tion, about 260 talks and posters were presented at international conferences by members of the IWF, in-cluding one fifth as invited talks. In national and in-ternational press media, the institute was mentioned about 470 times in the past two years. Last but not

least, institute members have organized four interna-tional conferences/symposia, as well as 34 sessions at international meetings.

BibliographyDelva, M., T. L. Zhang, M. Volwerk, Z. Vöros, S. A. Pope: Proton cyclotron waves in the solar wind at Venus, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00B06 (2008)Kaufmann, E., G. Kargl, N. I. Kömle, M. Stel-ler, J. Hasiba, F. Tatschl, S. Ulamec, J. Biele, M. Engelhardt, J. Romstedt: Melting and sublima-tion of planetary ices under low pressure con-ditions: Laboratory experiments with a melt-ing probe prototype, Earth Moon Planets, 105, 11–29 (2009)Kucharski, D., G. Kirchner, T. Otsubo, F. Koidl: 22 Years of AJISAI spin period determination from standard SLR and kHz SLR data, Adv. Space Res., 44, 621–626 (2009)Lammer, H., J. F. Kasting, E. Chassefière, R. E. Johnson, Y. N. Kulikov, F. Tian: Atmospheric es-cape and evolution of terrestrial planets and satel-lites, Space Sci. Rev., 139, 399–436 (2008)Magnes, W., M. Oberst, A. Valavanoglou, H. Hau-er, C. Hagen, I. Jernej, H. Neubauer, W. Baumjo-hann, D. Pierce, J. Means, P. Falkner: Highly inte-grated front-end electronics for spaceborne fluxgate sensors, Meas. Sci. Technol., 19, 115801 (2008)Möstl, C., C. J. Farrugia, M. Temmer, C. Miklen-ic, A. M. Veronig, A. B. Galvin, M. Leitner, H. K. Biernat: Linking remote imagery of a coronal mass ejection to its in situ signatures at 1 AU, Astrophys. J., 705, L180-L185 (2009)Nakamura, R., A. Retinò, W. Baumjohann, M. Volwerk, N. Erkaev, B. Klecker, E. A. Lucek, I.

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Dandouras, M. André, Y. Khotyaintsev: Evolution of dipolarization in the near-Earth current sheet induced by earthward rapid flux transport, Ann. Geophys., 27, 1743–1754 (2009)Panchenko, M., J. Hanasz, H. O. Rucker: Estima-tion of linear wave polarization of the auroral kilo-metric radiation, Radio Sci., 43, RS1006 (2008)Volwerk, M., T. L. Zhang, M. Delva, Z. Vörös, W. Baumjohann, K.-H. Glassmeier: First identi-

fication of mirror mode waves in Venus’ magne-tosheath? Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L12204 (2008)Zhang, T. L., M. Delva, W. Baumjohann, M. Vol-werk, C. T. Russell, S. Barabash, M. Balikhin, S. Pope, K.-H. Glassmeier, K. Kudela, C. Wang, Z. Vörös, W. Zambelli: Initial Venus Express mag-netic field observations of the Venus bow shock location at solar minimum, Planet. Space Sci., 56, 785-789 (2008)

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Aims and FunctionsThe Astronomical Commission was originally set up on March 3, 1967 in order to administer the Austrian membership of the International Astronomical Union. Since then the commission has enlarged its activities to include the scientific matters and projects affecting Austrian science rather than just a single institution.Austrian astronomy is represented by the commission on a number of international committees. These include the International Astronomical Union and the Editorial Board of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the leading Eu-ropean scientific journal for astronomy. Furthermore, the Astronomical Commission supports a number of selected scientific projects with impact beyond a single scientific institution. The commission also supports in-ternational scientific meetings held in Austria through the printing and distribution of abstract booklets.The commission also publishes an international, refereed scientific journal, “Communications in Asteroseismol-ogy” (CoAst). The Austrian journal was chosen by the European Network for Excellence in Asteroseismology, the EU project HELAS (on solar and stellar astronomy) as well as the European Astronomical Society as their publication medium for asteroseismology.The commission also supports historic documentation. This includes the digitization and cataloguing of a price-less collection of astronomical books and documents at the Vienna University Observatory, the digitization of international astronomical records for the International Astronomical Union as well as the continuous monitor-ing of the Sun and the maintenance of the solar archives.


Communications in AsteroseismologyThe ÖAW scientific journal “Communications in Asteroseismology” was changed during 2001 from a national journal to an international refereed journal for the rapidly growing field of asteroseismology. It has become

a leading medium for the publication of international research results. ENEAS (European Network of Excellence for Asteroseismology, EU) as well as the European Astronomical Society (EAS) have chosen CoAst as their main communication medium for asteroseismology. In 2009 the publication scheme of CoAst was changed to reflect the new approaches chosen by other scientific journals in order to speed up the publication process. New papers will be published online instantly after the refereeing process in ADS (SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System). A printed compilation of papers published so far in the year will appear biannually. Starting in January 2010, a supplement with the title “CoAct - Communications in Asteroseismology - Complementary Topics” will cover the publications of proceedings, handbooks, and related items. Preparations for Volume 1 were finished in 2009. The division of CoAst into a regular and a supplementary series is needed in order for CoAst to be included in the Scientific Citation Index (SCI). This service to the authors should further enhance the attractiveness of CoAst to its authors.

EAST - European Association for Solar TelescopesEAST is the European Association for Solar Telescopes (Delegate: A. Hanslmeier). Austria is one of the 15 European members. At an informal meeting with Dr. Schmidt and Prof. v. d. Lühe at the end of July, 2009 in Freiburg the continuation of the already existing database JIS with co-operation of Graz in the frame of EAST was discussed. From October 14–16, 2009 another meeting was held in Freiburg with ATST in order to discuss further activities: Graz will participate in public relations as well as in web presence. A further meeting is planned in early 2010.

Relations between EU-Projects and the Commission for Astronomy of the Austrian AcademyWithin the Framework Programme FP6 the EU-Project EUROPLANET (2005-2008) coordinates research activities, particularily observing campaigns including

Commission for Astronomy

Head: Michel Breger

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the exploration of our solar system with ground-based instruments as well as space probes. Approximately 100 European institutions and laboratories were part of the coordinating process. A follow-up proposal of the above mentioned project has been accepted within the EU Framework Programme FP7 and is being carried out from 2009 to 2012. Further EU-Projects with a global dimension are namely OPTICON, RadioNet, and ASTRONET. Members of the Commission for Astro-nomy cover a range of functions in the first two projects.

OPTICONOptical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy, FP6. The aim is to bring European groups with mutual interests and aims together in order to improve Europe-wide scientific cooperation in the field of optical and infrared astronomy. One of these network-based activities is JIS (Administration: A. Hanslmeier): The Joint Information System (JIS) is a data base listing all institutes and members of staff working in the field of solar physics and related fields. The web-based data base (www.solarjis.com) was built up by Mag. Ines Kienreich (Department of Physics, University of Graz).

Scientific activities:NASA Mission STEREO, Radio and Plasma Wave Experiment (Co-I H.O. Rucker), preparation of archiv-ing RPW-data

Public Outreach:IHY exhibition under the title “Im Feuer der Sonne” at the IWF in Graz, from January, 23 - April 24, 2009Oral presentations on January 23, 2009: T. Posch: Das Internationale Jahr der Astronomie, H. O. Rucker: Im Feuer der Sonne

Oral presentations at the event “100 hours of As-tronomy”: April 3, 2009, “Giant Planets”: M. Vol-werk: Jupiter, H. O. Rucker: Der Herr der Ringe und seine TrabantenInvited talk „Der Klang der Sterne“, Swakopmund, Namibia, February 2009 M. BregerInvited talk by A. Hanslmeier in Padua, May, 2009Invited talk „Kepler, Galilei und der Mond“ Graz (Meerscheinschlössl), June 17, 2009, Prof. H. Grössing“Thema des Monats” of the Austrian Academy, October 2009 “Astronomie” (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/home/thema/thema_200910.html)

Bibliography Editor in Chief:

Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 152, Proceedings of the First BRITE Workshop, Vienna, May 22–23, 2007, Verlag der Österreichischen Aka-demie der Wissenschaften, 2008, 186 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 153, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis-senschaften, 2008, 115 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 154, Proceedings of the Delaware Asteroseismic Research Center and Whole Earth Telescope Workshop, Mount Cuba, Delaware, Aug. 1-3, 2007, Verlag der Österrei-chischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008, 81 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 155, User Manual for FAMIAS and DAS, Frequency Analysis and Mode Identification for AsteroSeis-mology and Database with time series for Astero-Seismology, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008, 121 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 156, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wis-senschaften, 2008, 105 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 157, Proceedings of the Wrocław HELAS Workshop „Interpretation of Asteroseismic Data“, Wrocław / Poland, 2008, Verlag der Österreichischen Akade-mie der Wissenschaften, 386 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 158, Proceedings of the 38th LIAC / HELAS-ESTA / BAG Evolution and Pulsation of Massive Stars on the Main Sequence and Close to it, Liège, Bel-gium, July 7–11, 2008, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009, 366 S.Communications in Asteroseismology, Vol. 159, Proceedings of the JENAM 2008 Symposium No 4: Asteroseismology and Stellar Evolution, Vienna, September 8 – 12, 2008, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2009, 134 S.

*��+�� 160 of CoAst. It shows a simulation of A star sur-face convections. Illustra-tion kindly provided by F. Kupka and J. Ballot.

Commission for Astronomy

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Interdepartmental Research Tasks

�� the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports

Head: Hans Sünkel

Aims and Functions The commission aims to promote scientific co-operation between the Austrian Academy of Sciences, the highest standing scientific research institution of the Austrian republic, and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports.

Commission functions include curiosity and knowledge oriented scientific research with the application potential of common interest, mutual support in scientific matters as well as reciprocal information. Most often posed and treated scientific problems and questions are of a strategic nature.

Results for 2008–2009Scientific commission work in 2008 was devoted to completing the commission’s work share in the co-operative long term research project Austrian Glaciers 1998 and 1969, Areas and Volume Changes as well as production of a German survey version of the scientific results in the form of commission project report 10 authored by Michael Kuhn, Astrid Lambrecht, Jakob Abermann, Gernot Patzelt and Günther Groß.

The aim of the project was to create a national inventory comprising all Austrian glaciers from aerial photographs taken between 1996 and 2002 following guidelines of the World Glacier Inventory, re-evaluation of the 1969 inventory, construction of digital elevation models with 5 m grid, maps and rectified photographs on a 1:10,000 scale, calculation of area, height and volume changes from 1969 to 1998 and implementation of a dedicated databank. The aerial photographs taken in the years from 1996 until 2002 were duly homogenized to the year 1998 when the majority of all aerial pictures was taken. Commission project report 10 published in the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press House (Viewgraph 1) highlights likewise working methods and scientific project results obtained. It details 34

selected glacier areas providing ortho-photographs as well as viewgraphs of ice thickness changes from 1969 to 1998. Project results achieved constitute an important basis for further considerations with regard to adaption necessities and consequences of climate change within the joint commission.

In 2009 scientific commission activities focused on the project Austrian Academy of Sciences and Armed Forces 1847 until 2009 – Co-operation in the National Interest. After 15 years of successful operation a document in the form of commission report 11 presents the com-mission, historical roots, functionaries, members, par-ticipants and commission achievements resulting from the efforts of the partnering organizations.

The field of higher technical-scientific education, as it turned out, started in December 1717 by the establishment of the Imperial Engineers Academy, the first higher technical educational establishment in the monarchy. Publication of a military scientific journal for the advancement of discussions on issues pertaining to the military and military technology started in 1808 under the name of Austrian Military Journal. As late as 1847 the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna was founded as the result of an extended founding period. Project report 11 not only deals with these issues but also presents selected personalities who turned out to be of vital importance for one or both sides.

Co-operation between the two institutions from 1857 to 1918 is traced employing the examples of the Imperial Navy, the renamed Engineers Academy as well as biographical notes on eight significant personalities characterizing the period. From 1918 until 1955 both sides, the Austrian Academy of Sciences as well as the Austrian Armed Forces, were mainly occupied fighting for their own survival. Co-operation was thus limited but still existed.

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From 1955 until the foundation of the joint commission in 1994 a phase of consolidation, construction and new departures with occasional co-operation was characteristic for both sides. The commission’s active period from 1994 onwards is documented comprehensively in commission report 11; likewise research projects benefits together with an attempt to classify them into comprehensible categories of usefulness.

Commission report 11 cover pictured with the Frigate NOVARA on the high sea and authored by Hans Wallner, Alfred Vogel and Friedrich Firneis (Viewgraph 2) illustrates the continuous effort of the commission formed by representatives of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Armed Forces to jointly extend our knowledge and understan-ding as far as the boundaries of our world, and even the cosmos.

BibliographyMichael Kuhn, Astrid Lambrecht, Jakob Aber-mann, Gernot Patzelt und Güter Gross: Die Ös-terreichischen Gletscher 1998 und 1969, Flächen- und Volumenänderungen. H. Sünkel (Hrsg.), Projektbericht 10 der ÖAW-Kommission für die wis-senschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Dienststellen des Bundesministeriums für Landesverteidigung, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaf-ten, Wien, 125 S., 2008Hans Wallner, Alfred Vogel und Friedrich Firneis: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Streitkräfte 1847-2009 - Zusammenarbeit im Staatsinteresse. H. Sünkel (Hrsg.), Projektbericht 11 der ÖAW-Kommission für die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit mit Dienststellen des Bundesministeriums für Landesverteidigung und Sport, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 160 S., 2009

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Aims and FunctionsThe commission’s main task is to deal with two collections: the Collection of the geographer Erich Woldan, and the archive of the Radium-Institute of the academy. This means both scholarly work on the collections and facilitating their use for interested scholars.

While it is impossible for us to cover the whole of history of science, the commission organizes lectures, exhibitions and symposia to present topics from the history of science both to a scholarly and to a wider interested public; this includes presentations in schools. We furthermore publish works on the history of science in a special series.

Results for 2008–2009Work on cataloguing the Woldan Collection of Geographica continued. Contents of the section America (1700-1918) and Asia (1488-1927) were entered in the Combined Austrian Library Catalogue. In the course of the year, approximately 450 inquiries from scholars in Austria and abroad about items in the Woldan Collection were received and answered.

Four events were organized in the field of history of geography: „Kartographie und Humanismus“ (June 9, 2008), „Geomorphologie und Kartographie“ (November 24, 2008), „Pioniere der Wissenschaft“ (June 3, 2009) and „Globen im öffentlichen Raum“ (November 9, 2009).

The Woldan Collection was regularly used in connection with seminars at the University of Vienna.

On June 4, 2008, the Commission organized a sym-posium on the occasion of the 150th birthday of Carl Auer von Welsbach, to which lectures were contributed by commission members L. Sexl and P. Schuster. The papers will be published in 2010.

From September 10–12, 2008, the commission organ-ized the Third International Conference of the Euro-pean Society for the History of Science. Circa. 300 scholars participated; 240 papers were read. The papers are available online (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/kgnmm/ESHS3rdCongress/Proceedings.html) and will also be published on CD by the Austrian Academy.

The chairman of the commission represented the Aus-trian Academy of Sciences at the 23rd International Congress of the Division of History of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science in Budapest (July 2009) where he also gave an invited paper.

L. Sexl participated in conferences and gave lectures in Vienna, Berlin, Salzburg, Zürich and Gießen. Among others, she gave one of the Lise Meitner Lectures at Vienna University and read a paper at the Georg-von-Peuerbach-Symposium.

Projects in the continuing education of high schools teachers and pupils were the responsibility of L. Sexl, who organised such seminars on different topics in the history of science on several occasions, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education.

L. Sexl completed a manuscript on G. W. Leibniz’s (unsuccessful) proposals to the Habsburg emperors of his time for the Academy of Sciences in Vienna. On November 27, 2009, an international symposium on the work of Franz Unger was held at the academy, organized by M. Klemun, a member of the commission.

The commission continued to organize the “Kardinal-König-Begegnungen zwischen Naturwissenschaften und Theologie”, in collaboration with the Metanexus Institute, Philadelphia.

Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine

Head: Hermann Hunger

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BibliographyFrank Berger, Bruno P. Besser, Reinhard A. Krause, (unter Mitarbeit von Petra Kämpf und Enrico Mazzoli): Carl Weyprecht (1838-1881) Seeheld, Polarforscher, Geophysiker. Wissen-schaftlicher und privater Briefwechsel des öster-reichischen Marineoffiziers zur Begründung der internationalen Polarforschung. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte der Mathematik,

Naturwissenschaften und Medizin 57, Verlag der ÖAW, Wien, 587 S., 2008.Flamm, Heinz: Die ersten Infektions- oder Pest-Ordnungen in den österreichischen Erblanden, im Fürstlichen Erzstift Salzburg und im Innviertel im 16. Jahrhundert. Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Geschichte der Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Medizin 58, Verlag der ÖAW, Wien. 80 S., 2008.

Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine

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Research Facilities of the Section for Humanities

and Social Sciences

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Aims and Functions The Commission for Egypt and the Levant, first of all, possesses its own research projects. Second, it is a sort of interface for research within Egyptological institutions in Austria. Third, most subject-publications are handled and published in the commission’s bodies. The commission liaises particularly closely with the Institute of Egyptology at Vienna University and with the Austrian Archaeological Institute in Cairo. Thankfully, individual projects are sponsored by the Fund for the Promotion of Scientific Research (FWF).

On the one hand, the commission’s range comprises the entire subject of Egyptology in philological as well as archaeological respects and, on the other, the terri-tories of Syrio-Palestinian archaeology as well as Nubia and Sudan archaeology.

The SCIEM 2000 Special Research Area, sponsored by the FWF; the new SFB TIME which is undergoing eval-uation by the FWF; the excavations at Tell el-Dabca; the frescoes project and the cultural contact project which are very international and interdisciplinary in nature, as is discernible from the publications. Scientists from most European countries and all continents are collaborating on the special research area. Colleagues from Germany, Italy, Hungary, Poland, England, Greece, Spain, Argen-tina and the USA are involved in the excavations. The top specialists and experts in Minoan art are collaborat-ing on the frescoes project.

The Egyptian Commission is the sole institution in Austria which conducts cross-archaeological research into the Bronze Age of the Eastern Mediterranean Area, particularly into Egypt and the Levant. It is the only institution able to work on and publish temple in-scriptions from the Ptolemaic Age. It is also the ideal interface for major international research projects such as the present and the planned special research area.

Finally, the commission with the organisation of the AAS (Austrian Academy of Sciences), is able as the only institution in its subject-area to organise and pub-and pub-lish large-scale specialist conferences, symposia and workshops in quick succession as well as the necessary connected receptions.

Results for 2008–2009In the years 2008–2009, the excavations at Tell el-Dabca of the Austrian Archaeological Institute and Vienna University where our academy is actively integrated into the research, were carried on in four campaigns.

The excavations in the Palace District of Site II about 500m west of Tell el-Dabca which had first been started in 2006 in this region continued in 2008 and 2009. The objective of these campaigns was to expose a wide an area as possible in order to achieve a gen-eral picture and an estimation of the architecture. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the floor plan of the facility exhibits a strong closeness to North Syri-an/Mesopotamian palaces. The pits in the yard area of a part of the facility which had already been detected during the 2006 campaign have been wholly exposed. These are relics of ritual mealtimes which had there-after been deposited in pits in the yard. At the same time, the occasion on which these took place remains unclear. Here, too, the prototypes seem to come from the Near East, as ritual meals are unknown to date in the non-funerary context from Egypt.

Seal impressions which bear the name of King Chajan (approx. 1600 – 1580 BC) have been found in secure find circumstances. As no other seal impressions with royal names had been found in the past, this king may be referred to as the owner of the Palace. It was of particular importance that a fragment of a cuneiform letter from the last decades of the Ancient Babylonian Kingdom was found in the palace well. An Ancient

Centre for Ancient World Studies (CAWS)

Commission for Egypt and the Levant

Head: Manfred Bietak

102

Babylonian cuneiform sealing of a wrap was found in a secondary context around 500m east of the Palace. These finds prove that there was already, during the Hyksos Age, the custom of letter diplomacy between remote powers, with Akkadian being resorted to as a lingua franca and gifts being exchanged. Sources from Egypt traditionally supported a time frame that was as much as 150 years later from the Amarna Age. The new finds suggest that the Hyksos had introduced Near Eastern diplomacy into Egypt.

The area of the Austrian concession – which stretches over more than 260ha – is increasingly threatened by modern building work. That is why it was necessary to carry out, on behalf of the Supreme Council of Antiq-uity, an emergency excavation within the modern vil-lage of cEzbet Rushdi. This location is of immense im-portance as the suburban area of Avaris extends right

up to here, whilst a sequence of strata of the Second Intermediate Period is certain to span right into the Middle Kingdom (12th Dynasty).

As part of the Geophysical Survey, magnetometer measurements continued and resistance measurements were conducted for the first time. These investigations were used to reconstruct the geographical environment as well as urban development. The drillings to inves-tigate the antique harbour of Auaris also continued in co-operation with Lyon University and the CNRS.

These investigations were helpful in the discovery of a 450 x 400 m size, rectangular harbour facility which, together with the Tuthmosis III Palace District ex-posed so far, confirms the suspicion that the major fleet station Peru-nefer (Tuthmosis III, Amenophis II) had been located at this site. These investigations were

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supported by the Fund for the Sponsorship of Scien-tific Research as part of a project with the title “Ur-ban Development in the Nile Delta” (P21074-G08). A corresponding publication is at the printing stage and is scheduled to be issued at the start of 2010.

The co-operation with the SCIEM 2000 Special Re-search Area, sponsored by the FWF, also continued on its successful way. Activities in 2008 focused strongly on the closing evaluation of SCIEM 2000 which took place in January 2009. The SFB was rated excellent by international subject-experts and is al-lowed to continue, cost-neutrally to the FWF, until 2011. Further, an international and interdiscipli-nary conference on devising another blueprint for an SFB was held in January 2008. This SFB bears the title TIME (Transformation and Innovation in the Mediterranean 1200-500 BC), an initial blueprint being submitted in November 2009 to the FWF for preliminary assessment. This research project is to be conducted by an Austrian and a German group of researchers with international participation. Our commission is scheduled to take the lead. The Ger-man group is going to be headed by Prof. Hartmut Matthäus, Erlangen University.

The publication works on Philae III also carried on into 2008–2009 with a field campaign by the Deputy Commission Chairman: correspondent Member Erich Winter as well as Prof. Shafia Bedier from the SCA of Egypt and Dr. H. Kockelmann from Trier University.

Bibliography 2008–2009Irene Forstner-Müller, Tell el-Dabca XVI, Die Gräber des Areals A/II von Tell el-Dabca, UZK 38, 2008.Vera Müller, Tell el-Dabca XVII, Opferdeponie-rungen in der Hyksoshauptstadt Auaris (Tell el-Dabca) vom späten mittleren Reich bis zum frühen neuen Reich Teil I: Auswertung und Deutung der Befunde und Funde Teil II: Katalog der Befunde und Funde, UZK 39, 2008.Robert Schiestl, Tell el-Dabca XVIII. Die Pa-lastnekropole von Tell el-Dabca. UZK 30, 2009. Bettina Bader, Tell el-Dabca XIX, Avaris und Mem-phis im Mittleren Reich und in der Hyksoszeit. Ver-Ver-gleichsanalyse der materiellen Kultur , UZK 31, 2009. Louise C. Maguire, Tell el-Dabca XXI, The Cypriot Pottery and its Circulation in the Levant, UZK 29, 2009.Manfred Bietak/Ernst Czerny (Hrg.), The Bronze Age in the Lebanon, Studies on the Ar-chaeology and Chronology of Lebanon, Syria and Egypt, CChEM XVII, 2008.Jaqueline Phillips, Aegyptiaca on the Island of Crete in Their Chronological Context: A Critical Re-view Volume I and Volume II, CChEM XVIII, 2008.Irmgard Hein, The Formation of Cyprus in the 2nd Millennium BC, Studies in Regionalism during the Middle and Late Bronze Age, CChEM XX, 2009.David Aston, Burial Assemblages of Dynasty 21.–25. Chronology–Typology–Developments, CChEM XXI, 2009.Die Zeitschrift: Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant 18, 2008.


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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition specializes in research fields which presuppose a high degree of specialisation and interdisciplinary cooperation. Therefore, research into ancient literature and its influence on later centuries is effected under two focal headings, as well as in the form of cooperation with other institutions: “Ancient Music” and “Nachleben of Classical Mythology” on the one hand, “Performativity / Theatrality in the Ancient and Modern World” and “The Viennese Epigram-Papyrus” on the other hand. The general aim of the project “Ancient Music” is an enhanced understanding of ancient musical culture in its practical aspects, with the focus on the Greek and Roman world.

The methods employed comprise textual interpretation as well as the evaluation of archaeological evidence (artifacts as well as iconography) and extant melody fragments, and also the experimental reconstruction of musical instruments and their playing techniques.

The project “Nachleben of Classical Mythology” concentrates on the study of newly invented myths of the Renaissance era. The project “Performativity / Theatrality in the Ancient and Modern World”, which has accompanied a longtime theatre project, has now finished. The project “The Viennese Epigram-Papyrus” supports work on the editio princeps of a literary papyrus owned by the Austrian National Library.

The commission now boasts a tradition of software development, both for internal and for public use. The commission supports research on the Latin language in antiquity and the Middle Ages through permanent cooperation with two international lexicographical projects, established at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Munich): the “Thesaurus linguae Latinae”, and the “Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch”.


Project “Ancient Music”In the course of the last two years it has been possible to study some well-preserved examples of the aulos, the principal woodwind of the ancient Mediterranean, which consists of a pair of reed-driven pipes. Although all these had been stored in Museums for quite a long time, none had been subjected to musical evaluation. A rather unseemly wooden example from the Berlin Egyptian Museum, featuring a bronze ring that was hitherto interpreted as an ancient repair, turned out actually to represent an otherwise lost class of instruments. The ring apparently acted as a switch between different musical “modes”. Furthermore, both pipes of the instrument were equipped with small holes facilitating overblowing, and thus enabling the player to extend the scale of the instrument upwards.

This has been confirmed on a replica, so that the old question of the sýrinx mentioned by ancient writers as a part of the aulos seems now settled in favor of the “speaker hole” hypothesis. The importance of this particular Berlin instrument emerged when it turned out that its design could explain some surprising features of

Commission for Ancient Literature and Latin Tradition

Head: Georg Danek

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a melody from a fragmentary instrumental score, found on a papyrus that was published only a decade ago.Building on previous work on famous aulos finds from Pompeii, working models of one pair of pipes were created and presented to an international public; these also include a ‘sýrinx’, although here made in the highly refined technique of the professional aulos. Subsequently the Naples National Museum gave permission to study the unpublished pipes in its possession, all of which are fragmented.

At the end of 2009, finally, a monograph on the evolution of Greek music was published, which puts the evolution of Greek music and musical thought from the Classical to the Imperial Age on a new footing. It combines the more traditional study of ancient music theory and the remains of ancient melodies with recently developed music-archaeological methods, so that each of these fields of study sheds new light on the others.

Project “Software”:Relevant research tools have all been brought up to date, thus ensuring their extensibility on future generations of Microsoft Windows. Lexical and morphological data for the Iliad from the Chicago Homer Project have been included in the metrical database on Greek hexameter poetry; so it is now possible to combine metrical and morphological searches. The latest version of the keyboard utility MultiKey comes with support for OpenOffice, thus facilitating the move towards open-source software for scholars. The Classical Text Editor, finally, in 2008

became the first Windows word processor to support OpenType and thus book production of the highest typographical standards. Its version 8 provides editors with new powerful tools such as regular expression searches and keyword-in-context indexes.

Project “Nachleben of Classical Mythology”:The online bibliography has been augmented, supplied, and updated. In its current form it can be downloaded as a pdf-file of 411 pages (www.oeaw.ac.at/kal/mythos). Work on the online database for newly invented myths of the Modern Age has been continued. The database now includes most of the available literary text from Italian Renaissance. Work on an English translation is in progress.

Project “Performativity / Theatrality in the Ancient and Modern World”:The cooperation with the longtime project of the group “theatercombinat” has been documented in an article on the performance of Aeschylus’ “The Persians”.

Project “The Viennese Epigram-Papyrus”:Support of a running project for an editio princeps of the “Viennese Epigram-Papyrus”, in cooperation with international leading experts and technical support (“multispectoral images”) by the Brigham Young University, USA (coordination: Cornelia Römer).

BibliographyS. Hagel, Ancient Greek Music. A New Technical History, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 2009.B. Kreuz, P. Aigner, C. Harrauer, Bibliography zum Nachleben des antiken Mythos (letzte Fig. 2: Reconstructed Aulos.

Fig. 3: Database on newly invented myths of the Renaissance, under construction.


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Aktualisierung: Jänner 2010): www.oeaw.ac.at/kal/mythos/bibliomythos.pdfG. Danek, theatercombinat, aischylos, die perser, in: W. Kofler, F. Schaffenrath, K. Töchterle (ed.), Übersetzung als Vermittlerin antiker Literatur. Pontes V, Innsbruck 2009, 335–351.S. Hagel, Reconstructing the Hellenistic professional aulos, in: M. C. Martinelli (ed.), La Musa di men ti ca ta. Aspetti dell’esperienza musicale greca in età elle ni stica. Pisa 2009, 227–246.

S. Hagel, Re-evaluating the Pompeii auloi, Journal of Hellenic Studies 128 (2008), 52–71.S. Hagel, Ancient Greek rhythm: The Bellermann exercises, Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica 88 (2008), 125–138.C. Harrauer, Marsilio Ficino und der Mythos vom Menschen, in: M.-C. Leitgeb, S. Toussaint, H. Bannert (ed.), Platon, Plotin und Marsilio Ficino. Studien zu den Vorläufern und zur Rezeption des Florentiner Neuplatonismus, Wien 2009, 173-188.


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Aims and FunctionsThe commission’s main areas of research are as follows: ancient Greek law and epigraphy, the law of Graeco-Roman Egypt and papyrology, the law of the Christian churches of the ancient Near East and Byzantine law. Next to literary texts, inscriptions on stone, bronze or ceramics form the most important sources for the legal history of the ancient Greek city-state. During the last decades research in this field has increased constantly. These documents present information on private law as well as public law, procedural as well as substantive regulations, constitution, administration

and interstate relations from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century AD. The assignments of the Commission for Ancient Legal History concentrate on re-editing the texts and providing ample annotated commentaries. By understanding public and private forms of court-procedure and the administration of justice within a polis we are also able to provide valuable results for the reconstruction of political and social circumstances.

The Greek papyrus documents of Hellenistic and Roman Egypt are of vital importance for ancient legal history. The papyri and ostraca (potsherds) dating from Alexander the Great’s arrival in Egypt (332 BC) to the Arab conquest in AD 641 range from private and business letters, contracts, tax and customs receipts, administrative correspondence to the edicts and decrees of the respective rulers. They are an indispensable source for the social, economic and administrative history as well as for the legal history of the country. The Commission for Ancient Law History is focused on the edition and historical analysis of such documents. Due to a cooperation agreement with the Austrian National Library, which gives the scientists of the commission access to the unpublished material of one of the world’s biggest papyrus collections, excellent conditions for this work are provided in Vienna.

Results for 2008–2009At a conference organized by the Royal British Academy and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Gerhard Thür presented the juristic interpretation of a new speech by the Athenian orator Hypereides, found in the “Archimedes Palimpsest”. As a visitor to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton he completed the final edition and presented it there as well as at the Harvard Law School.

G. Thür and K. Harter-Uibopuu completed the col-lection of the procedural inscriptions from Greek cit-ies for the Argolid. The main focus lies on the one

Commission for the History of Ancient Law

Head: Gerhard Thür

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hand on the inscriptions from the 7th and 6th centu-ries BC, that shed light on the early stages of law in the archaic Greek city-states, and on the other hand on proceedings of interstate arbitrations of the 3rd century BC, mainly concerning member-states of the federal Achaean League.

In a new analysis of a letter from the emperor Marcus Aurelius to the Athenians from the year AD 174/5, which was published on a stone inscription, K. Har-ter-Uibopuu shows how members of the Athenian elite tried to hinder successful candidates for prestigious civic as well as priestly offices from actually entering into office. They jealously guarded their spheres of in-fluence and used the trials at local courts in Athens as well as appeals to the emperor in order to discredit and hinder their opponents

Fritz Mitthof is the editor of circa. 50 late antique no-tary documents in the Vienna Papyrus Collection. The rental und lease agreements are of great importance not only for their legal aspects but also for social and eco-nomic history. Moreover they illustrate the function-ing and daily routine of a late antique notary’s office.

Further work was done as well on the publication of an account for building works dating from the reign of the emperor Gallienus (AD 260-268) which provide an in-teresting insight into the financing and conducting of the repair of an urban columned hall (stoa).

The edition of papyrus documents from the collec-tion of Munich (Germany) by Thomas Kruse brought to light – among other interesting texts – another document concerning the organization and preroga-tives of the local self-administration of the Jewish di-aspora community in second-century BC Egypt. His work on the edition of a several meters long papyrus roll from the collection of the Egyptian Museum in Berlin which was part of the files of tax collectors of Theadelpheia (Middle Egypt) dating from the 2nd century AD throws light on the functioning of the local administration of Roman Imperial Egypt.

In 2008 the commission together with the Institute for Ancient History of the University of Vienna organ-ized the “First Vienna Colloquium on Legal History in Antiquity” on “Vergeben und Vergessen. Amnestie in der Antike.” The conference pursued an innovative

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approach brining together the legal as well as the his-torical aspects concerning the phenomena of amnesty and acts of grace in antiquity. The fifteen national and international participants presented interesting results of their work on the various manifestations of the legal institution of amnesty in antiquity.

In particular the papers addressed the problems of the legal procedure of a given amnesty, its political back-ground and the motivation its initiators had by grant-ing an amnesty and finally the reasons for success or

failure of such a measure. Following Vienna’s tradition in Ancient Law History the contributions covered not only the classical periods of Greek and Roman History but also the Ancient Near East and Late Antiquity and thereby provided an overview of the respective mani-festations of amnesty throughout antiquity.

The commission organized the 17th Symposium of the Society for Greek and Hellenistic Legal History in Au-gust 209 at Castle Seggau in Leibnitz. Thirty two lead-ing experts in Classics and Ancient Legal History pre-sented their newest findings. The papers and responses will be published in the series of the commission.

BibliographyG. Thür, Die Einheit des „Griechischen Rechts“. Gedanken zum Prozessrecht in den griechischen Poleis, Dike 9, 2006 [2008] 23-62G. Thür, The Principle of Fairness in Athenian Le-gal Procedure: Thoughts on the Echinos and En-klema, Dike 11, 2008, 51-74G. Thür, Ownership and Security in Macedonian Sale Documents, in: Symposion 2007. Akten der Gesellschaft für Griechische und Hellenistische Rechtsgeschichte 20, hrsg. v. E. Harris / G. Thür (Wien 2008) 173-187K. Harter-Uibopuu, Die Anlassverfahren für die Appellationen an Mark Aurel (Athen, EM 13366), in: Zeitschrift der Savignystiftung für Rechtsge-schichte Rom. Abt. 125 (2008), 214-250.Th. Kruse, Erkenntnis aus den kleinsten Einzel-teilen. Der Althistoriker Ulrich Wilcken und die Papyrologie in Deutschland, in: A. M. Baertschi – C. G. King (Ed.), Die modernenVäter der An-tike. Die Entwicklung der Altertumswissenschaf-ten an Akademie und Universität im Berlin des 19. Jahrhunderts, Berlin – New York 2009, 503-527.B. Palme, Law and Courts in Late Antique Egypt. In: B. Sirks (ed.), Aspects of Law in Late Antiquity. Dedicated to A. M. Honoré on the occasion of the sixtieth year of his teaching in Oxford (Oxford 2008) 55–76.F. Mitthof, Pacht von Getreideland und Neup-flanzung von Wein, in: F. A. J. Hoggendijk – B. P. Muhs, (Ed.), Sixty-Five Papyrological Texts, P.Lugd.-Bat. 33, Leiden 2008, 265-278.K. Harter-Uibopuu – F. Mitthof (Hg)., Vergeben und Vergessen? Amnestie in der Antike. Akten des ersten Wiener Kolloquiums zur Antiken Rechtsgeschichte, Wien, 27.-28.10.2008 (im Druck)

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Aims and FunctionsIt has been the task of the commission ever since its foundation in 1864 to provide reliable critical editions of the Latin “Fathers of the Church” – i.e. of Christian theologians, historians and poets up to the 6th century – by considering and examining all relevant manuscripts according to the methods of textual criticism. Since Latin patristic authors had an enormous influence on European intellectual, spiritual, and even political life throughout the Middle Ages, their works have been preserved in a considerable number of manuscripts and incunabula. Considering these circumstances of textual transmission, one can easily understand that the wording often differs from manuscript to manuscript or, at least, from one family of manuscripts to another, be it due to errors of monastic scribes or to alterations intended to modify or correct the text. Establishing the most plausible reading requires a profound knowledge both of the peculiarities of Late Latin and the styles and idioms of the respective authors. In certain instances, however, the wording of the manuscripts is so corrupt, that the editor cannot but resort to conjecture. Furthermore, for achieving critical editions of texts no longer extant in their original version philologists have to make sure that no, probably important, textual witness has escaped their notice. Although modern media facilitate the process of searching for relevant manuscripts or incunabula, sometimes personal investigation in libraries is inevitable. All this makes clear that the methods of philological research as applied in the editions of the commission in question not only require highly specialized editors but an adequate period of time as well.

Results for 2008–2009A text composed during the reign of the Vandals in North-Africa (431-534) and ascribed to St. Augustine, the so-called Collatio cum Pascentio Ariano (“Dispute with the Arian Pascentius”) turned out

to be an intentional falsification. This was proved by a subscription of all parties involved in this fictional discussion on the heresy of Arianism. The text had already beenthe subject of an international workshop on editing patristic writings, held at the commission in 2006. Only since, however, has it become evident that the Collatio aimed at discrediting the Arian confession of the Vandal invaders by the authority of St. Augustine.

After World War II a couple of Latin manuscripts were transferred from the State Library of Berlin to the Uni-versity Library of Krakow, Poland, where they were kept under lock and key. Within the long-time project of es-tablishing worldwide catalogues of all manuscripts con-taining genuine and spurious writings of St. Augustine, the textual witnesses just mentioned, which had been considered as lost, could be examined and evaluated.

It was also in the course of the research project men-tioned above that the six hitherto unknown Latin ser-mons discovered in 2007 in a 12th -century manuscript

Commission for Editing the Corpus of the Latin Church Fathers

Head: Kurt Smolak

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in the Bibliotheca Amploniana in Erfurt, Germany, could be proved to be authentic works of St. Augustine as maintained in the manuscript. Even then, a thor-ough analysis of language, style, cultural background and theology was necessary, because titles and names of authors transmitted in medieval manuscripts are often not reliable, as the numerous pieces of literature erroneously or intentionally ascribed to St. Augustine show. Whereas two of the Erfurt sermons had already been partly known, no traces of the remaining four had previously been detected. In one of these sermons, pos-sibly delivered during Lent, Augustine deals with res-urrection; two sermons are dedicated to martyrs from Carthage, St. Cyprian and the couple of female martyrs, Perpetua and Felicitas, respectively; the other three ser-mons focus on alms and charity. They must be regarded as Augustine’s most detailed comment on that subject. Since the titles of these sermons are listed in a catalogue of Augustine’s writings which goes back to his lifetime, there is no doubt about their authenticity.

After extensive preparatory work, the first critical edi-tion of Prosper’s treatise De vocatione omnium gen-tium (“On the Vocation of all Peoples”) was finalized and published in 2009. This work, the authenticity of which can now be taken for granted, marks a funda-mental step in the development of the intellectual con-cepts of this author of fifth-century Gaul, who had ini-tially been an ardent defender of Augustine’s doctrine of grace, a matter then widely discussed in that region. But, once he was appointed secretary to Pope Leo the Great in Rome, he was striving to compromise with different theological positions.

It was in that period that he wrote De vocatione om-nium gentium. When the genealogical stemma of the manuscripts of this treatise was being worked out, so-called cladistic software was applied in connection with a Latin patristic author for the first time. The Classical Text Editor software (CTE) developed in close collabo-ration with the commission some ten years ago, pro-

Fig. 2: This 6th -century wall painting in the former library of the Lateran �� (��'^� ��D��D�� D�� D��8�� 0��D��on a sumptuous throne, the Church Father points with his right hand at ��(��codex��(�( ��z�� liber�� 0��8��?��(� ��scholarship and wisdom.

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vides the user with an interface to cladistic programs, which depict biological relationships with the help of phylogenetic methods. For classifying families of man-uscripts, however, it cannot yet be considered as an ad-equate method, since it does not take into account the possibility of text contamination.

BibliographyH. Müller - D. Weber - C. Weidmann, Collatio Augustini cum Pascentio. Einleitung, Text, Über-Einleitung, Text, Über-setzung, mit Beiträgen von H. C. Brennecke, H. Reichert und K. Vössing, herausgegeben von H. Müller, D. Weber und C. Weidmann, Wien 2008, SBph 779 (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission zur Herausgabe des Corpus der lateinischen Kir-chenväter, Heft XXIV)I. Schiller: Die handschriftliche Überlieferung der Handschriften des hl. Augustinus: Ostdeutschland und Berlin, 2 Bde. Wien 2008, SBph 791 (Ver-öffentlichungen der Kommission zur Herausgabe des Corpus der lateinischen Kirchenväter, Heft XXV-XXVI)L. Dorfbauer, Zu den Quellen und zur Abfas-sungszeit der Pseudo-Augustinischen Schrift De sobrietate et castitate, Hermes 136 (2008), 453-465

I. Schiller - D. Weber - C. Weidmann, Sechs neue Augustinuspredigten: Teil 1 mit Edition dreier Sermones, WSt 121 (2008), 227–284. Teil 2 mit Edition dreier Sermones zum Thema Almosen, WSt 122 (2009), 171–213Prosper, De vocatione omnium gentium (CSEL 97), edd. R. Teske - D. WeberD. Weber - C. Weidmann, Neue Augustinuspre-digten in Erfurt, WHB 49 (2007), 30–39 (erschie-nen 2008)K. Smolak, „Gott hat keine Golddukaten gebracht“ . Zu Sokrates und dem Laurentiushymnus des Pru-dentius (Peristephanon 2), in: Tagungsband „Gold“, hrsg. v. S. Deger-Jalkotzy und N. Schindel, Wien 2009 (Denkschriften phil.-hist. Kl. 377), 55-62.D. Weber, Das Gold der Ägypter. Zu Deutung und Funktionalisierung von Exodus 3 in Augus-tinus, Confessiones 7, in: Tagungsband „Gold“, hrsg. v. S. Deger-Jalkotzy und N. Schindel, Wien 2009 (Denkschriften phil.-hist. Kl. 377), 63–70K. Smolak, O beata trinitas. Überlegungen zu den trinitarischen Hymnen des Marius Victorinus, in: M. Ch. Leitgeb, St. Toussaint, H. Bannert (Hrsg.), Platon, Plotin und Marsilio Ficino, Wien 2909 (WS Beiheft 33), 75-94 (+ 5 Abb.)


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Aims and FunctionsEver since it was founded in 1890, the Asia Minor Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences has concerned itself with the recording, documenting, publication and interdisciplinary evaluation of the Greek and Latin inscriptions of Asia Minor, and research on all areas of the general and cultural history of this area. For this purpose it publishes three specialist journals: Tituli Asiae Minoris (TAM), Ergänzungsbände zu den Tituli Asiae Minoris (ETAM) and Veröffentlichungen der Kleinasiatischen Kommission (VKK). The publication of these texts mostly falls within the remit of ancient history in its broadest sense, but there are many examples of fruitful co-operation with the neighbouring disciplines of archaeology, classical philology, Byzantine studies, numismatics, linguistics, Hittitology, and Egyptology.

Consequently the three main tasks of the Commission are: field research, preparation of texts for the indexing of materials, and publication.

There are undoubtedly still thousands of new inscriptions to be found in Asia Minor, one of the most heavily populated areas of the Roman Empire, since hundreds of previously unknown texts are discovered every year. Every nation that is actively involved in archaeological studies has a presence in Asia Minor, since it would be impossible for any one nation to master Anatolia. Austria’s place there is an important one, and a considerable part of the Commission’s budget is spent on the necessary surveys.

The schedea are be kept permanently up to date by entering all new finds and incorporating newly published specialist literature. In addition there is the extensive collection of copies. The third task sees the Commission engaged in bringing texts to publication as quickly as possible, and in publishing important studies on ancient Asia Minor.

The T.E.NOR (“Testimonia Epigraphica Norica – Römerzeitliche Kleininschriften aus Österreich”) project aims at documenting all written evidence on daily life in one Roman province (Noricum): ten thousand examples of graffiti or stamps on private or household objects, most of which are stored unpublished in museum depots. The information is being recorded in a database and parts thereof are being made available in print and online versions.

Results for 2008–2009In order to produce a comprehensive history of Ephesus prior to the Byzantine Age, J. Fischer worked on the collection and translation of literary and epigraphical sources, as well as the sorting of archaeological and numismatic finds. Thus far, a first chapter on the role of Artemision and the city of Ephesus in ancient mythology has been completed. A lecture on the imperial cult in ancient Ephesus was prepared for the Centre for Ancient World Studies’ conference, “Rituale – Identitätssiftende Handlungskomplexe” (Rituals – the complex ritual behaviours that create identity), in 2009 and is currently being readied for publication. A poster was printed for the “Long Night of Research” in 2008, and a presentation given on “Austria and the ancient cultural history of Asia Minor”. In 2009 three posters were printed, a PowerPoint presentation was created and a lecture given on “Ephesus – the metropolis of western Asia Minor”. A contribution was also made to the online journal Forum Archaeologiae entitled “Die Tyrannen von Ephesos” (The Tyrants of Ephesus).

As he does every year, Bülent İplikçioğlu (Istanbul) carried out epigraphic field studies in Termessos in Pisidia, as well as in the neighbouring regions of Eastern Lycia and Western Pamphylia. During the summer of 2008 he worked in the urban areas of Arykanda, Attaleia, Gagai, Idebessos, Olympos and Rhodiapolis, and in the border area between Akarassos and Isinda, where he was able

Asia Minor Commission

Head: Gerhard Dobesch

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to document over 90 new texts, addenda or corrigenda. These included a votive to the goddess Eleuthera; a votive to Helios; two letters from Emperor Alexander Severus to Rhodiapolis; an inscription honouring the Emperor Vespasian; three inscriptions honouring different persons; the construction inscriptions for the Asklepieion in Rhodiapolis; fragments of the Opramoas Monument; a Hellenistic funerary inscription and numerous tomb inscriptions.

In 2009 he spent time in Rhodiapolis, Gagai, Olympos, Phaselis and the Karacaağaç Hall of Altinyaka Village, and was able to document 61 new texts, addenda and corrigenda. These included the construction inscriptions of the Temple of Asklepios and Hygeia, commissioned by the physician and priest Herakleitos II; the construction inscriptions of the baths built by Lyciarch Enteimos II; a votive to Zeus; five votive inscriptions to Apollo; the building inscriptions of a storehouse dedicated to Zeus Olympios; an inscription honouring Empress Messalina (and probably also Emperor Claudius); an inscription honouring an Agonotheten; an acclamation for Christ; a stamp for holy bread; two new fragments of the Herakleitos inscription; inscriptions honouring various persons; discovery or revision of 314 fragments of the Opramoas Monument and, once again, numerous tomb inscriptions.

Hasan Malay (Izmir) is conducting research in the antique landscape of Lydia. In 2008 he worked in the areas of Saittai, Silandos, Kırkagaç, Magnesia on the Maeander, in settlements of the Hermos Valley, in the museums of Manisa, Ödemis, Izmirand Aydin and in private collections in Manisa and Izmir. He was able to record more than 43 unpublished Greek and Latin inscriptions, including nine honorary inscriptions

(for the Priest of Zeus Menogenes, for the Priests of Apollo Syrmaios and for two Agonotheten, among others), seven votive inscriptions (to the Mother of the Gods, Tazene, to Thea Parthenos, Syrmaios, Artemis Anaitis, Men Petraietes, Men Tiamou among others), a milestone and 13 tomb inscriptions. In 2009 he was able to copy 74 inscriptions, including five decrees (from the Maeonians and Parloenoi) two honorary inscriptions, 11 votive inscriptions (to Thea Larmene (?), Apollo Cissauliddenus, Men Petraeites, Dionysos, Helios Dionysos und Poseidon Asphaleios), a milestone, two Christian prayers and 39 tomb inscriptions (including eight epigrams).

In the course of her project on “The history and epigraphs of the Caystrus Valley (Lydia) in antiquity”, Marijana Ricl (Belgrade) travelled around Lydia. In 2008 she visited approximately forty sites along the River Caystrus as well as museums in Tire and Ödemis, recording 103 inscriptions, 59 of which were previously unpublished. In 2009 she conducted research at approximately fifty sites within the same region and was able to discover 17 new texts.

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Reinhard Wedenig, working on the T.E.NOR project, concentrated his efforts on the documentation of the comprehensive inventory of small inscriptions in the federal states of Styria and Salzburg. At the same time he worked on finds from the whole of Austria, producing expert commentaries, lectures and essays as well as presentations for the “Long Night of Research” (OeAW Graz).

Bibliography

Publication Series „Veröffentlichungen der Kleinasiatischen Kommission“ (VKK):

Nr. 21: Adolf Wilhelm, Kleine Schriften, Abtei-lung IV: Gesamtindices und Schriftenverzeichnis, erstellt von Luise und Klaus Hallof. Sitzungsberich-te 772. Vol., 2008, 258 pages.Nr. 23: Lexikon der Aufschriften auf griechischen Münzen, Band II, bearbeitet von Wolfgang Le-schhorn. Denkschriften 383. Vol., VNumis 47, 2009, 1092 pages.Nr. 24: Bülent İplikçioğlu: Ein neues hellenisti-sches Ehrendekret aus Arykanda (Lykien). Anzei-ger der phil.-hist. Kl. 143/1 (2008), 117–126 with 2 illustrations.Nr. 25: Bülent İplikçioğlu: Die Provinz Lycia un-ter Galba und die Gründung der Doppelprovinz Ly-

cia et Pamphylia unter Vespasian. Anzeiger der phil.-hist. Kl. 143/2 (2008), 5–23 with 3 illustrations.

Publications of the T.E.NOR - Project.:Manfred Hainzmann / Reinhold Wedenig (Eds.), Instrumenta Inscripta Latina II. Akten des 2. Internationalen Kolloquiums, Klagenfurt, 5.–8. Mai 2005. Aus Forschung und Kunst 36 (Klagen-furt 2008), 380 pages with 205 illustrations.Reinhold Wedenig, Römerzeitliche Webge-wichte aus der Steiermark als Schriftträger. In: G. Grabherr / B. Kainrath (Eds.), Akten des 11. Österreichischen Archäologentages in Innsbruck 23.–25. März 2006. Ikarus 3 (Innsbruck 2008), 323–341.Reinhold Wedenig, Bemerkungen zu Namen-graffiti auf Keramikgeschirr in Noricum. In: P. Mauritsch / W. Petermandl / R. Rollinger / Chr. Ulf / I. Huber (Eds.), Antike Lebenswelten. Kon-stanz – Wandel – Wirkungsmacht. Festschrift für Ingomar Weiler zum 70. Geburtstag. Philippika 25 (Wiesbaden 2008), 601–614.Reinhold Wedenig, Ein Bleietikett mit Zenturiengraffito von der Freyung in Wien 1. In: Fundort Wien. Berichte zur Archäologie 12, 2009, 104–112.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Institute for Study of Ancient Culture (IKAnt) emanated from the merger of several Commissions of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and in the beginning mainly concentrated on research themes from Ephesus and Carnuntum. Today, the institute increasingly commits itself to comprehensive cultural-historical questions within a supra-regional range in the controversial field of pluri-ethnic cultural dynamics. At present, in the course of several singular research projects, three major themes – housing and residency, sepulchral contexts and collective moral concepts, urbanism and transformation processes – are examined more closely. The projects consequently build a temporal bridge from the Archaic to the Byzantine period and are geographically situated in the eastern and the central Mediterranean region, as well as in the Roman Danube provinces.

In addition, innovative field-specific methods are developed, refined, internationally discussed, and cross-linked through intra- and interdisciplinary collaborations, all within the scope of selected archaeological field research projects, as well as analysis of finds and findings.

The IKAnt’s efforts are all directed to the publication of obtained results in series that are available in the respective subject areas (Archäologische Forschungen, Der römische Limes in Österreich, Forschungen in Ephesos, Mitteilungen zur Christlichen Archäologie etc.). Furthermore, the institute strives to contribute to the promotion and education of young scientists by consequently involving them in current research.

The institute is also in charge of a series of international obligations from the Academy of Sciences to edit corpora and lexica such as the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum (CVA), as well as the Corpus Signorum

Imperii Romani (CSIR). The volume CVA Österreich 5 (Vases from the Classical Period in the KHM) is in print, and the volume CSIR Österreich I/7 (The Roman Stone Monuments of Carnuntum) will be finished in 2010.

� ��After the successful conclusion of the project on the military camp, research on Roman limes is now focused on the Canabae of Carnuntum, which surrounded the military camp on three sides and had a city-like structure. The analysis of remote sensing data (aerial photographs, LIDAR-data), and the integration of published excavation results, archaeological artefacts and plough soil assemblages, will enable a case study of the settlement structure and the development of a Roman military city. Furthermore, the archaeological synthesis of the excavation results and the prospection data for the first time allow for precise conclusions on the acquisition of ancient territory from Carnuntum’s hinterland.

During the course of the limes research, significant progress was also achieved with regards to the excavations in the sanctuary of Iuppiter Heliopolitanus in the Canabae of Carnuntum, which was carried out by the workgroup, Canabae Research. The two publication projects of the workgroup for Christian Archaeology (Corpus of the late Antique and early Christian mosaics of Bulgaria, and the early Christian church of Arapaj/Albania) were also successfully continued and will be completed in 2010. Similar progress was achieved in preparing the publication of the palace mosaics of Constantinople, by the workgroup for the research of mosaics in Asia Minor.

In Ephesus, work concentrated on the archaeological and building-related historical analysis of the theatre. The on-site examinations, carried out in collaboration with the Technical University of Vienna, were

Institute for the Study of Ancient Culture

Head: Andreas Pülz(until 31.12.2008: Friedrich Krinzinger)

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completed, and the preparations for the publication of the results were in full swing. Through research, the IKAnt was able to develop a solid basis for the absolutely essential consolidation work that will enable the usage of the theatre by daily visitors and for cultural events, simultaneously balancing the interests of historical monument preservation and tourism.

Another central focal point of research was the further evaluation of the Terrace Houses. The combined analysis of the building features, the décor, and the inventory were especially emphasized here, from which significant new insights into private Roman lifestyle could be gained, with regards to the function of single rooms or groups of rooms. Furthermore, social and religious aspects of daily life could be examined more closely. After dwelling unit 4, the publication of dwelling units 1 and 2 were also printed. The completion of the work on units 3 and 5, as well as unit 6 can be expected by the end of 2010.

The project on Byzantine Ephesus aims to compile a synthetic study on the urban development and the material culture of the late Antique and Byzantine period in the Metropolis Asiae. During the course of this project, significant new insights were achieved from the so-called Byzantine palace (e.g. concerning dating, lifespan, size, etc.), as well as the residential area which was erected over the Imperial Harbour Baths. The well-preserved state of these houses makes essential statements possible, with regards to the lifestyle in Ephesus in the late Roman Imperial period and in early Byzantine times. Furthermore, the results will be compared with significant findings in Western Asia Minor during the course of a comprehensive study (DOC-programme of the academy).

Comprehensive cultural-historical questions are also the focal point of the survey project, Alinda. For the first time, all building structures in this Carian city have been documented, and an archaeological overall plan has been worked out based on terrestrial and GPS-based measurements. The aim is to record and analyse the urban development and the history of Alinda for the first time, based on material culture as well as written sources, and to trace the transformation of the settlement from the late Classical period up to the Byzantine era.

In line with the START project on the Domitilla Catacomb in Rome, the digital documentation inside of the catacomb has been completed, a geometrically

Fig. 1: Figurine of Jupiter Dolichenus on a consecration altar �)�#��+�;/�">>=��


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correct overall plan of the cemetery has been generated, and a virtual tour has been worked out. In the course of the archaeological examinations, fragments of paintings that had been taken off and now kept in several museums in Rome, were documented and in some cases, virtually reconstructed. The collection of paintings is now almost complete, therefore future project work will shift from documentation to analysis and detailed studies of the cemetery.

BibliographyC. Gugl, Mapping and Analysis of Linear Landscape Features, in: A. Krek, O. Bender, N. Evelpidou, A. Vassilopoulos (Hrsg.), Geoinformation Technologies for Geocultural Landscapes: European Perspectives (2008) 275 pp.E. Hudeczek, Die Rundskulpturen des Stadtgebietes von Flavia Solva, CSIR Österreich IV/1 (2008) F. Krinzinger (Hrsg.), Die Wohneinheiten 1 und 2 im Hanghaus 2 von Ephesos, FiE VIII/8 (2009)S. Ladstätter (Hrsg.), Neue Forschungen zur Kuretenstraße von Ephesos, AForsch 15 (2009)C. Lang-Auinger, Iconographic Parallels between Terracottas from Western Asia Minor and the Black Sea, in: Archaeopress, Oxford (Hrsg.), Greeks and

Natives in the Cimmerian Bosporus 7th−1st Cent. BC. Proceedings of the International Conference 2000 (2008) 79 pp.R. Pillinger, Gold in der frühchristlichen Kunst, in: S. Deger-Jalkotzy, N. Schindel, Gold. Tagung anlässlich der Gründung des Zentrums Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften 2007, Origines 1 (= DenkschrWien 377, 2009), 83 pp.A. Pülz, Von der Göttin zur Gottesmutter? Artemis und Maria, in: U. Muss (Hrsg.), Die Archäologie der ephesischen Artemis. Gestalt und Ritual eines Heiligtums (2008) 67 pp.P. Ruggendorfer/H. D. Szemethy (Hrsg.), Felix von Luschan (1854–1924). Leben und Wirken eines Universalgelehrten (2009) V. Scheibelreiter, Römische Mosaiken in Westkleinasien, in: M, Meyer (Hrsg.), Neue Zeiten - Neue Sitten. Zur Rezeption und Integration römischen und italischen Kulturgutes in Kleinasien, Wiener Forschungen zur Archäologie 12 (2008) 155 pp.V. Tsamakda, N. Zimmermann, Wilperts Forschungen in der Domitilla-Katakombe auf dem Prüfstand, in: Giuseppe Wilpert archeologo cristiano. Akten des Internationalen Symposiums 2007 (2009) 409 pp.

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Aims and FunctionsThe main area of work of the Commission for Mycenaean Studies is the study of the prehistoric cultures of Greece before the age of Homer, in particular the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures. This involves the investigation of archaeological finds as well as the interpretation of Linear B Mycenaean texts. The aim is to carry out interdisciplinary projects combining archaeology, ancient history and Indogermanic philology to produce a cultural-history overview of all the available sources for a given period. The main focus is on the production of synoptic publications, but alongside this, work is carried out on archaeological material finds. Further important areas of work are the relationships between the Aegean cultures and the neighbouring regions of the Mediterranean, the Balkans and, in particular, the advanced civilisations of the Near East.

Research carried out by the Commission for Myce-naean Studies is concentrated on two central projects: the monographic report on finds and research entitled “Ägäische Frühzeit” (the Early Aegean Period) cov-ers all periods of the pre and early history of Greece from the earliest cultures to the end of the Early Iron Age. Its aim is the production of monographs that provide a detailed picture of the pre and early his-tory of Greece, reconstructed on the basis of a variety of sources. These volumes are not simply intended to contain a synthesis of existing knowledge which has, until now, been scattered and never drawn together over the centuries, but is also to include new, original results from research carried out by the authors.

The second main focus of research of the Commis-sion for Mycenaean Studies is the participation in the Austrian Academy of Sciences’ special area of research “The Synchronization of Civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium BC” (SCI-EM 2000) in the form of the “End of the Mycenaean

Culture” project. The aim of this project is to establish the chronology of the post-palatial Mycenaean period SH IIIC (12th/11th C BC) and to publish the results of the Austrian excavations of a Mycenaean settlement from this period in Aigeira/Achaia.

The aim of the Linear B research project is the publication of cultural historical works based on the administrative texts of the Mycenaean palaces. In addition, the two central projects give rise to other full research projects on a variety of themes. These include projects for the publication of original materials which have been brought to the Commission by the various excavators, studies on particular aspects of the early Aegean period, and contributions to the history of science.

Results for 2008–2009For the project on the Early Aegean Period, 2nd series, research reports from 1975, work continued on two volumes. One of these monographs deals with the Neolithic and Pre-Palatial Era in Crete – following on from the existing volumes on the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in Greece and the Aegean) An overview of the newly published finds clearly demonstrates Crete’s dependency on imported raw materials, which were necessary for the production of tools and weapons as well as prestigious objects. At the same time, the appearance of oriental prestigious objects in the late Pre-Palatial Era demonstrates a change of orientation in Crete, which later led to the building of the ancient palaces. The other volume deals with the Early Mycenaean period in Greece. Here, a study of early Mycenaean gold finds proves the close networks of the small territorial domains of the Peloponnese.

The SCIEM 2000 special field of study was completed in 2009. The final evaluation was extremely positive and the individual projects were extended, without added costs, until the beginning of 2011. This also applies to

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the End of the Mycenaean Culture project. Volumes I and II of the final publication on the finds from Aigeira are works in progress. In 2009 the proceedings from the 2007 workshop LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms III were published. They contain definitions on the last phase of the SH IIIC period and the so-called Submycenaean phase as well as the transition from the Mycenaean Age to the Early Iron Age.

The monograph published during the period under review, Ein trojanischer Federkrieg. Der Streit zwi-schen Heinrich Schliemann und Ernst Boetticher um die Grabungsergebnisse in Troja (by Michaela Zavadil), il-lustrates the disagreement between Ernst Boetticher and Heinrich Schliemann over the interpretation of Schliemann‘s research in Troy. After reading the most recent report to be published on the excavations at Troy in November 1880, Boetticher was convinced that Schliemann had misinterpreted the results and had ex-cavated not a settlement, but a necropolis where crema-tions were held. In strongly worded articles he argued against Schliemann, his colleague Wilhelm Dörpfeld

and even Rudolf Virchow. Their differences of opinion reached their peak during the „First Trojan Confer-ence“ in December 1889. (Fig. 1).

In 2008-2009 work was carried out on the following individual projects on particular aspects of the Early Aegean Period: The dissertation project on Contacts between Southern Thrace, Central Macedonia and Thessaly from the Late Bronze Age to the Beginning of the Early Iron Age deals with interregional contacts and the networks for exchanges which linked these regions together. The publication project on Monumenta. Studies on Mycenaean graves in Messenia covers all the published burial sites in this area between MH III and SH IIIC (17th-12th century B. C) and charts the development of two large local centres. The habilitation project Athens and Attika in the Mycenaean Age is a comprehensive study on the development of Mycenaean culture in this central region of mainland Greece. The key questions examine the possibility of Attika as a political unit or the independence of smaller areas within this region, as well as the possible role as a central location, or even capital city, of Athens within the region of Attika.

In addition to these projects, work continued on many publications on material finds. This includes the publi-cation on the Early Bronze Age, Keramik der Burg von Midea, dealing with pottery which was unearthed dur-ing the Greek-Swedish excavations (led by: K. Dema-kopoulou and A.-L. Schallin). A further project deals with the Late Neolithic settlement mounds of Visviki in Thessaly, and was conducted by Hans Reinerth, head of the Reichsbundes für Vorgeschichte, and his staff. This project comprises not just the publication of all current-ly available finds and the settlement architecture based on the excavation documents, but also the analysis of contemporary historical documents (Fig. 3).

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Bibliography

MonographsDEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, BÄCHLE, Elisa-beth (Eds.), LH III C Chronology and Synchro-nisms III LH III C Late and the transition to the Early Iron Age, Proceedings of the international workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sci-ences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007, Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 384, Veröffentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 30, Vienna 2009.ZAVADIL, Michaela, Ein trojanischer Federkrieg. Die Auseinandersetzung zwischen Ernst Boetti-cher und Heinrich Schliemann, Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 781, Veröf-fentlichungen der Mykenischen Kommission 29, Vienna 2009.

ArticlesALRAM-STERN, Eva – �� : � �!�"#��"��$��%& ��!'%& ��& (��& )�!*+�� !�� %�� -"!!��+�, in: A. Mazarakis Ainian – A. Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou (Eds.), Acts of the Acts of the 2nd Archaeological Meeting of Thessaly and Central Greece, Volos 16-19.3. 2006, Volos 2009, 75-84.

DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, Chapter 15: Decline – Destruction – Aftermath, in: C. W. Shelmerdine (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Aegean Bronze Age”, New York 2008, 387-415.DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, A-mu-ta-wo, Ku-ru-me-no und Pu2-ke-qi-ri: Drei “mykenische Karri-eren”, in: A. Sacconi, M. del Freo, L. Godart, M. Negri (Ed.), Colloquium Romanum. Atti del XII Colloquio internazionale di Micenologia Roma, 20.-25. Febbraio 2006. Pisa – Rome 2008, 179-197.DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, Die vorhomerische Epik – Indizien und Wahrscheinlichkeiten, in: J. Latacz et al., Homer: Der Mythos von Troia in Dichtung und Kunst. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Antikenmuseum und der Sammlung Ludwig in Basel. Munich 2008, 99-105.DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, Die Kriegervase von Mykene. Denkmal eines Zeitalters im Umbruch, in: Zeit der Helden. Die „dunklen Jahrhunderte“ Griechenlands 1200-700 v. Chr. Herausgegeben vom Badischen Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Karl-Karl-sruhe 2008, 76-83.DEGER-JALKOTZY, Sigrid, From LH IIIC Late to the Early Iron Age: The Submycenaean Period at Elateia, in: S. Deger-Jalkotzy – A. E. Bächle (Eds.), LH III C Chronology and Synchronisms III: LH III C Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the International Workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, Febru-ary 23rd and 24th, 2007 (Vienna 2009) 77-116.RUPPENSTEIN, Florian, The Transitional Phase from Submycenaean to Protogeometric: Defini-tion and Comparative Chronology, in: S. Deger-Jalkotzy – A. E. Bächle (Eds.), LH III C Chronol-ogy and Synchronisms III: LH III C Late and the Transition to the Early Iron Age. Proceedings of the International Workshop held at the Austrian Academy of Sciences at Vienna, February 23rd and 24th, 2007 (Vienna 2009) 327–343.ZAVADIL, Michaela, Diademe und Siegel, Tassen und Perlen: Gold in der mykenischen Welt, in: Gold. Tagung anlässlich der Gründung des Zentrums Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften an der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 19.–20. April 2007, Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 377, Origines. Schriften des Zentrums Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften 1, Vienna 2009, 99–112.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Numismatic Commission’s work is dedicated to numismatics in its entirety, from antiquity to the modern era, and comprises basic numismatic research as well as the historical and economic interpretation of coinages. Thus, the Numismatic Commission’s activity is of the utmost importance also for neighboring disciplines like ancient, medieval and modern history, art history, archaeology, economic history, as well as, e.g., linguistics. Numismatics is doubtless one of the key disciplines of the humanities, a science in its own right, since doing research on coins requires scholars with an extensive numismatic training due to the complexity of the subject.

At present, the Numismatic Commission is carrying out research work on the coinages and finances of the Roman Empire in general and of Roman Austria in particular, furthermore on those of pre-islamic Iran and its neighboring countries. Projects and publica-

tions of the past were dedicated to ancient Greek coins, to the European coinages of the Middle Ages and to the coinage of the Ottoman Empire.

In the international scientific community, the Numis-matic Commission is acknowledged as being a major institution of numismatic research. As such, it coop-erates closely with the Institute for Numismatics and Monetary History (Vienna University) as well as with the Coin Cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum. Further cooperations are linking the commission to all the other important European coin cabinets (Berlin, London, Paris) as well as to the American Numismatic Society (New York) and other research institutions like the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Par-is), the Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente (Rome), the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civi-lizations, Harvard University, and the Institute of Ar-chaeology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences.

Results for 2008–2009In the past two years, major scientific progress was made by the successful completion of two long-term research projects in the fields of Roman imperial coinage and Ottoman coinage, viz. “Moneta Imperii Romani: Trajan” and “The Beçin Coin Hoard”.

The new structural analysis of the Emperor Trajan’s imperial coinage, designed to be the new standard reference for this series, is currently at the printers: “Die Reichsprägung des Kaisers Traianus (98–117 n. Chr.). Moneta Imperii Romani vol. 14”. It is the first volume in MIR to cover the difficult early second-century material. Due to the well-known dearth of literary sources for Trajan’s reign, the importance of the numismatic material cannot be overestimated: Up to now, however, the use of Trajan’s imperial coin-age as a source for history was inhibited by significant uncertainties concerning the chronology of the issues

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Head: Michael Alram

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of the central period of Trajan’s reign (AD 103–111). For the new monograph, an in-depth analysis of the numismatic portrait types used in this period was carried out which allows for a better dating of the rel-evant issues: in this way, the numismatic source be-comes fully accessible for the very first time.

“The Beçin Coin Hoard” has been one of the biggest research projects to be carried out by the commis-sion since its foundation in 1970. This unique hoard, which closes in about AD 1615, contains Ottoman as well as European coins and was unearthed during archaeological excavations in 2000; it has been dealt with by the commission’s experts (in cooperation with Turkish colleagues) since 2001. In autumn 2009, the bilingual manuscript (German – Turkish) was ac-cepted for publication by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. From a methodological point of view, the numismatic analysis of the Beçin coin hoard is espe-cially interesting since on the one hand, this is the first time that a successful numismatic system recon-struction has been based on a coin hoard.

On the other hand, the principles of the Viennese school of numismatics have for the first time been applied to Ottoman coins. A detailed analysis of all available numismatic data sheds new light on Otto-man coinage of the late 16th/early 17th century e.g. as regards the internal chronology of issues. Further-more, the metrological studies greatly add to our knowledge of Ottoman economic history in the pe-riod represented by the Beçin hoard.

As for the study of coin finds, the most important cur-rent project of the commission is “Fundmünzen der rö-mischen Zeit in Österreich: Lauriacum/Enns”. Apart

from the identification of Roman coins in the collec-tion of “Museum Lauriacum”, particular attention has been paid to the Roman coin hoards from Lauriacum and its surroundings: a meticulous analysis of these is being conducted within a sub-project of “FMRÖ Lau-riacum”. As for Austrian coin finds, the commission has started a PhD project in which the Roman coins found in Salzburg will be studied. Furthermore, work on the coin finds of the Austrian excavations in Ephesus continued in 2008 and 2009: In publicising the coins found in recent campaigns in the “Kuretenstrasse”, the enormous potential of a thorough analysis of ancient coin finds was demonstrated.

Apart from that, many of the commission’s publication projects in the field of ancient oriental numismatics – for which this institution is regarded as a centre of ex-cellence by the scientific community – have advanced considerably. This is true both for vol. II of the “Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum” and vol. VII of the “Sylloge Nummorum Parthicorum”, as well as for the volume “Sasanidische Münzen und ihre Imitationen in Zen-tralasien”. The first monograph to be produced within the project “Die Münzprägung der Iranischen Hunnen sowie ihrer Nachfolger in Zentralasien und Nordwest-Indien” (“Pre-Islamic Numismatic History” of the NFN “The Cultural History of the Western Himalaya from the 8th century”, FWF S9806-G21) will be a sylloge volume of the most important collection of Huna coin-age in private hands, the collection of Aman ur Rah-man (Dubai). The manuscripts of all the aforementioned books will be submitted for publication in 2010.

Fig. 2: A coin lump from the Beçin Hoard.

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On April 3–4, 2008, the Numismatic Commission organized the third Austrian “Numismatikertag”: This Congress was opened by Michel Amandry (Paris), then President of the International Numismatic Commis-sion; scholars from Austria and several foreign coun-tries gave papers on numismatic topics covering nearly all the fields and periods.

BibliographyM. Alram, Ein Schatzfund Hephthalitischer Drachmen aus Baktrien, Numismatische Zeit-schrift 116/117 (2008), 253–268.S. Deger-Jalkotzy/N. Schindel (Hrsg.), Gold. Ta-gung anlässlich der Gründung des Zentrums Ar-chäologie und Altertumswissenschaften an der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, April 19–20, 2007. Origines. Schriften des Zen-trums Archäologie und Altertumswissenschaften, Band 1, Wien 2009.W. Leschhorn, Lexikon der Aufschriften auf grie-chischen Münzen (Lexicon of Greek Coin Inscrip-tions). Bd. 2: Ethnika und ,Beamtennamen‘. Ver-öffentlichungen der Numismatischen Kommission 47 = Veröffentlichungen der Kleinasiatischen Kom-mission 23 = Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 383, Wien 2009.A. Ruske, Der Fund spätrömischer Silbermünzen in Enns (1906), in: Museumverein Lauriacum –

Enns (Hrsg.), Festschrift Herbert Kneifel zum 100. Geburtstag (= Mitteilungen des Museumvereines Lauriacum 46, 2008), Enns 2009, 183–218.U. Schachinger, Die antiken und byzantinischen Münzen der Sammlung des Instituts für Alte Ge-schichte und Altertumskunde an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Nummi et Litterae 2, Graz 2008.N. Schindel, Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Is-rael. Hebrew University (Jerusalem), Israel Antiq-Hebrew University (Jerusalem), Israel Antiq-uity Authority (Jerusalem), Israel Museum (Jeru-salem), Kadman Numismatic Pavilion at the Eretz Israel Museum (Tel Aviv). Veröffentlichungen der Numismatischen Kommission 46 = Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 376, Wien 2009.N. Schindel, Die Fundmünzen von der Kureten-strasse 2005 und 2006. Numismatische und his-torische Auswertung, in: S. Ladstätter, Neue For-schungen zur Kuretenstrasse von Ephesos. Akten des Symposiums für Hilke Thür vom 13. Dezem-ber 2006 an der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2009, 171–245.B. Woytek, The Aureus under Trajan: The Metro-logical Evidence. American Journal of Numismat-ics, Second Series 20 (2008), 435–457.B. Woytek, Denarius aureus oder nummus aureus? Zum Namen der klassischen römischen Goldmünze, Revue Belge de Numismatique 155 (2009), 177–208.


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Aims and functionsThe activities of the Prehistoric Commission cover the realization and scientific evaluation of research projects in selected chronological focal points such as the Palaeolithic Period, the Late Bronze Age (Urnfield Culture) and Late Iron Age (La Tène Culture). Altogether eight major projects were being conducted by the commission in the time period under report.

Furthermore one of the main tasks of the commission is the monographic publication of archaeological findings and scientific results in the “Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission” (MPK), a series of monographs on pre- and protohistoric subjects. The journal “Archaeologia Austriaca” (ArchA) is also edited by the commission. Within the Section for Humanities and Social Sciences the Prehistoric Commission is now part of the Centre for Ancient World Studies, which aims at joint projects, co-operations, workshops and public appearances (e.g. the conference “Rituale – identitätsstiftende Handlungskomplexe”, November 2–3, 2009 and the participation at the “Lange Nacht der Forschung”, November 7, 2009).

As in previous years Palaeolithic research focussed on the investigation of the Krems-Wachtberg site. The long-term intensification of the investigations required some organisation: a service contract was concluded between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the State of Lower Austria, and office space was found and rented near the site in the Gozzoburg in Krems, where the field work accompanying administration of finds and data can take place.

Within the focal point of the Late Bronze Age (Urnfield Culture) two research incentives, “The Later Urnfield Cemetery of Franzhausen–Kokoron, Lower Austria” and “The Older Urnfield Cemetery of Inzersdorf ob der Traisen, Lower Austria”, are being reinforced in the scope of the topic “Burial Rituals and Society” (project bundle).

Editorial projects are the main task within the focal point Late Iron Age (La Tène-Culture). Within the scope of the research programme “F.E.R.C.AN. – Fontes Epigraphici Religionis Celticae Antiquae”, an international team of researchers is editing an encyclopaedic adaptation of all epigraphic texts on Celtic religion which will be published in the Corpus-F.E.R.C.AN., consisting of several volumes.

Results for 2008–2009In 2008 on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the recovery of the “Venus of Willendorf” a major international conference with publication and an exhibition was organized and conducted together with the Natural History Museum Vienna.

The archaeological investigation of a Gravettian hearth which had been recovered en bloc in 2007 took place from May to July 2008. The construction of the basement at Krems-Wachtberg was prepared in the autumn of 2008.

Fieldwork at Krems-Wachtberg in 2009 was carried out from July through October (Fig. 1) in the course of which 20 m² were excavated and 35,000 data sets recorded. The latter comprise about 7,500 recovered finds which include numerous objects of personal adornment like perforated animal teeth and ivory pins. One object emerges from among the quantitatively and qualitatively high-ranking find material, an ivory lamella circa. 21 cm long and circa. 4 cm wide, which had been decorated with 10 (maybe 11) stripes of red color running transverse its inner surface. Thankfully, the delicate object has been consolidated and restored in the laboratories of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum in Mainz, Germany. Presently it is being prepared for publication.

An important contribution to the positioning of the Krems-Wachtberg site was a workshop at Krems in 2009 which brought together everyone working on

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sample material of the excavations and was able to contribute to questions related to climate, stratigraphy and chronology.

Cooperation with the “Venusprojekt” of A. Lackenberger (EU project involving the Landesakademie and Frauenreferat of Lower Austria) encompassing several public roundtable discussions, a scientific meeting and a film documentary project can be considered as public relations work.

Within the focal point of the Late Bronze Age a revision of the catalogue of the cemetery of Franzhausen-Kokoron’s features (411 features/403 graves) has been completed. An internet presentation of the catalogue and figures is currently being prepared in cooperation with V. Muth, the publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and will be posted online in spring 2010. The ongoing work with WinSerion has been developed so far that a horizontal stratigraphy can be performed to elucidate grave combinations.

The analysis of single parameters (accessory vessel rituals, social status) has been refined and expanded.Regarding the Older Urnfield Culture cemetery of Inzersdorf ob der Traisen, the self-financed digitalization of the pencil drawings of features and ceramics as well as graphic realization of metal and other small finds was completed. Due to the lack of capital resources further work had to be postponed. A project application to the Austrian Science Fund is scheduled for 2010.

As regards the research on the copper smelting site S1, analysis has been conducted, e.g. the investigation of archaeo-metallurgic samples of the roasting plants and slag dumps, as well as analysis of the faunal material. Also the focal point Late Iron Age has seen considerable progress. The first volume of the Corpus-F.E.R.C.AN., “Noricum” by M. Hainzmann, is expected to be published in 2010. The “Lexikon zur Keltischen Archäologie”, to be published in 2010 in two volumes with about 800 pages each, will include circa 1,960 articles of selected authors from all of Europe. An online version is planned as well.

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In addition a number of further publication projects are being conducted by the Prehistoric Commission, the most important of which are:

„Thunau am Kamp – Eine befestigte Höhensiedlung der Urnenfelderkultur“(see Fig. 2) „Wörterbuch ur- und frühgeschichtlicher Fachtermi-ni in deutscher und spanischer Sprache“„Die Geschichte der Prähistorischen Kommission der kaiserlichen bzw. österreichischen Akademie der Wis-senschaften 1878–1918“ „Der Oberleiserberg bei Ernstbrunn (Grabung 1976–1990). Frühbronzezeit und Urnenfelderzeit“

Besides the long-established yearly conference “Grundprobleme der frühgeschichtlichen Entwicklung im mittleren Donauraum”, further periodic meetings and workshops (co-) organized by the Prehistoric Commission, have been introduced, e.g. the “F.E.R.C.A.N – Workshop” and since 2004 the so-called “UK-Gespräche” taking place twice a year.

BibliographyNumerous publications appeared in the period under report from 2008–2009, some examples of which are listed below:Brandl M., Silexlagerstätten in der Steiermark. Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 69, 2009, 1–105.Einwögerer T., Händel M., Neugebauer-Maresch C., Simon U., Steier P., Teschler-Nicola M., Wild E. M., 14C Dating of the Upper Paleolithic Site at Krems-Wachtberg, Austria, Radiocarbon 51-2, 2009, 847–855. Freeden U. v., Friesinger H., Wamers E. (Eds.), Glaube, Kult und Herrschaft. Phänomene des Religiösen im 1. Jahrtausend n. Chr. In Mittel- und Nordeuropa, Akten des 59. Internationalen Sachsensymposions und der Grundprobleme der frühgeschichtlichen Entwicklung im Mitteldonau-raum, Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 12, Bonn 2009, 1–532.Händel M., Simon U., Einwögerer T., Neugebauer-Maresch C., New excavations at Krems-Wachtberg

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– approaching a well-preserved Gravettian settlement site in the middle Danube region, Quartär 56, 2009, 187–196.Hofeneder A., Die Religion der Kelten in den antiken literarischen Zeugnissen. Sammlung, Übersetzung und Kommentierung. Band II. Von Caesar bis Florus, Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 66, 2008, 1–675.Hainzmann M., de Bernardo Stempel P., Zur Formulierung theonymischer Formulare im Rahmen des F.E.R.C.A.N.-Projekts. Vorschläge zur grafischen Umsetzung und Codierungsanleitungen. In: Dedicanti e Cultores nelle Religioni Celtiche, VII Workshop F.E.R.C.A.N. , Università degli Studi di Milano Facoltà die lettere e filosifia,

Quaderni di Acme 104, 2008, 105–135.Lochner M., Hellerschmid I., Keramische Grund- formen der mitteldonauländischen Urnenfelderkul- tur – Vorschlag für eine Typologie(grundlage). Archäologie Österreichs 19/2, 2008, 45–48. Neugebauer-Maresch C. (Ed.), Krems-Hundssteig – Mammutjägerlager der Eiszeit. Ein Nutzungsareal paläolithischer Jäger- und Sammler(innen), Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 67, 2008, 1–348.Wawruschka C., Frühmittelalterliche Siedlungsstrukturen in Niederösterreich. Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 68, 2009, 1–204.Weinberger S. K., Warfare in the Austrian Weinviertel in the Early Bronze Age, Mitt. Prähist. Komm. 65, 2008, 1–125.


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Aims and FunctionsThe Institute of Iranian Studies (IIS) evolved in 2002 from its predecessor research unit, the Commission for Iranian Studies. The IIS is the only academic institution in Austria with an explicit focus on Iranian studies. The research agenda of the IIS reflects this situation and highlights the significance and relevance of Iranian studies.

The two main research areas of the IIS represent contrasting and complementary approaches to the international field of Iranian studies. “Iranian onomatology” continues the established research tradition of the Commission for Iranian Studies. “Iranian cultures and societies between tradition and modernity” adds new and innovative perspectives. As a consequence of the lack of qualified young scholars in the field of Iranian studies in Austria, the IIS recruits a substantial number of its researchers internationally.

The IIS focuses on the following core research areas:

1. “Iranian cultures and societies between tradition and modernity”Strong Iranian cultural influences can be observed in the history of societies in Western and Central Asia and even in China and India up to the 20th century. The exploration of the modern transformations of “Persianate / Iranianate” cultures and societies from the early modern period to the present calls for trans- and interdisciplinary comparative research covering an area that includes modern Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and other countries in the region. The paradigm of “Persianate / Iranianate cultures and socities” is intended to balance and critically complement other comprehensive regional concepts such as the “Middle East” or the “Muslim world”.

2. “Iranian onomatology”The institute continues in an intensified way the long-term project of the former Commission for Iranian

Studies on Iranian onomatology, in particular in the form of the publication of a monograph series, the Iranisches Personennamenbuch (IPNB).

3. “Iranian studies with relevance to Austria”A substantial number of projects based at the IIS have immediate relevance to Austria.

4. “Central European Network of Iranian Studies (CENIS)”The IIS based CENIS serves as a communication and coordination network for Iranian Studies in Central Europe.

5. “Creation of the first Iranian studies library in Austria” and “Creation of an Iranian image database”

Results for 2008–2009Much of the work in the research focus “Iranian cultures and societies between tradition and modernity” in 2008 and 2009 was dedicated to the role of trans-cultural and trans-regional relations in the history of early modern Iran (16th–19th centuries). Giorgio Rota published the critical edition and Italian translation of a Persian chronicle (2009). Centered on the life of a Georgian officer in 17th-century Iran, this volume presents important results from Rota’s research on cultural and political interactions between Iran and the Caucasus region. Rota also published a pioneering monographic survey of the cultural relations between Iran and Venice in the early modern period (2009). Ralph Kauz continues his work on Iranian-Chinese relations and interactions. He has advanced his English translation of the Khatayname, a 16th-century Persian survey of China and started a new project on the history of the Persian language in China. In 2009 he coorganized an interdisciplinary conference on Islam in China. The IIS hosted a conference on the International Horse Economy in Iran, India and China in 2008. The proceedings were published in 2009.

Centre for Studies in Asian Cultures and Social Anthropology (CSACSA)

Institute for Iranian Studies

Head: Bert G. Fragner

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Markus Ritter continues to work on the transformation of architecture and painting in 17th- to 19th-century Iran. In June 2009 he hosted at the IIS the Ninth Annual Conference of the Iranian Qajar Studies Association dedicated to Architecture in Qajar Iran.

The research theme “Iranian studies with relevance to Austria”, closely interlinked with the other research themes at the IIS, has produced a rich harvest in 2008 and 2009. M. Ritter completed a joint project under his leadership on the burial garment of Duke Rudolph IV and related medieval Iranian textiles in museums of Vienna. The rich results from this project are expected to lead to further research. “Iranianness: The construction, negotiation and contestation of Iranian identities in Vienna”, a project funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and carried out by Julia Czarnowski, was also completed in 2009. Barbara Karl established a large database on Islamic art objects in Vienna collections and published results of her research on the history of the collections in the framework of a project funded by the FWF. Afsaneh Gächter advanced her project, also funded by the FWF, on trans-cultural aspects of modern Iranian history at the example of the Austrian physician, Jakob Polak,

who played a crucial role in the development of health care and medical training in 19th-century Iran.

Velizar Sadovski continues to be in charge of the IIS long-term project on Iranian onomatology. Three new volumes on Iranian personal names in Semitic “Nebenueberlieferung” were published in 2009. In October 2009 Sadovski organized a symposion in connection with his project on the language of Indo-Iranian poetry and completed the subproject on Indo-Iranian figures of speech.

The IIS cultivates a network of intensive scholarly contacts with institutions and researchers particularly in Iran, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, China, Hungary, Poland, Italy and Germany. Concrete project cooperations are intended to intensify and expand the IIS based Central European Network of Iranian Studies. In 2009 a group of experts in Iranian studies from Bosnia and Herzegovina visited the IIS with the purpose of discussing and implementing a new cooperation. In 2008 a week-long international summer school brought circa. 50 scholars to Vienna to discuss new research in Persian codicology. The cooperation of the IIS with the Austrian National Library (ÖNB) and the Iranian publishing house Miras-e

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Maktub continued with the preparation (completed in 2009) of a facsimile edition of the oldest known New Persian manuscript (codex ÖNB A.F. 340).The dissemination and transfer of knowledge occupies a central position at the IIS. Bert Fragner organized in co-operation with Prof. Dr. Andreas Kappeler (University of Vienna, History of Eastern Europe) a public lecture series on Central Asian history and society, 13th-20th centuries. Since 2004 a public lecture series in cooperation with the “Österreichische Orient-Gesellschaft” communicates Iranian cultural history to the general public. With the assistance of G. Rota and in co-operation with the Austrian Embassy in Teheran, A. Gächter prepared a documentary book on the history of Iranian-Austrian relations. In 2008-2009 ten titles were published in the two monograph series of the IIS and three more titles have been accepted for publication.

BibliographyFragner, Bert G.; Kauz, Ralph; Ptak, Roderich; Schottenhammer, Angela (2009). Pferde in Asien : Geschichte, Handel und Kultur / Horses in Asia : History, trade and culture. Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 46).

Fragner, Bert G. (2009). Die ‚Khanate‘ : Eine zentralasi-atische Kulturlandschaft vom 15. bis zum 19. Jahrhun-Jahrhun-dert. In: Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte 9.1, S.33-75.Karl, Barbara (2009). Art for the international market: Three mother-of-pearl objects from six-teenth-century Gujarat in early modern European collections. In: Ritter, Markus (Ed.), Konferenzak-In: Ritter, Markus (Ed.), Konferenzak-ten der E. Herzfeld Gesellschaft.Kauz, Ralph; Rota, Giorgio; Niederkorn, Jan Paul (Ed.) (2009). Diplomatisches Zeremoniell in Europa und im Mittleren Osten in der frühen Neuzeit. Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Archiv für Österreichische Ge-schichte ; 141; Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 52).Lurje, Pavel (2009). Khamir and other Arabic words in Sogdian texts. In: de la Vaissière, Etienne (Ed.), Islamisation de l’Asie central. Paris: Peeters, S.32-59 (Cahiers de Studia Iranica)Rota, Giorgio (2009). Under two lions : On the knowledge of Persia in the Republic of Venice (ca. 1450-1797). Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlic-hungen zur Iranistik ; 53).Rota, Giorgio (2009). La vita e i tempi di Rostam Khan : (Edizione e traduzione italiana del ms. Bri-Bri-tish Library Add 7,655). Wien: Verlag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 47).Ritter, Markus (2009). The lost mosque(s) in the citadel of Qajar Yerevan : Architecture and iden-tity, Iranian and local tradition in the early 19th century. In: Iran and the Caucasus 13, S.1-43.Sadovski, Velizar (2008). Epitheta und Götternamen im älteren Indo-Iranischen: Die Kataloge im Veda und im Avesta (Stilistica Indo-Arica, I.). Wien: Ver-lag der ÖAW. (Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik ; 41).Wentker, Sibylle; Feichtinger, Walter (Ed.) (2008). Islam, Islamismus und islamischer Extremismus. Wien: Böhlau. (Internationale Sicherheit und Konfliktmanagement).

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Aims and FunctionsThe institute, founded in 1991, is dedicated to long-term research on Asian cultures. The geo graphic and cultural area under consideration includes East Asia, South-East Asia, South Asia and Central Asia, thus encompassing the fields of Indology, Tibetology, Sino logy, Japanol ogy, Buddhist Studies and Religious Studies. Research at the institute, using philologic-histori cal methods and based on pri mary sources in the relevant languages, deals above all with intellec-tual and cultural history, and in cludes subject matter reaching from the history of philosophy and religion, the history of mentalities, religious hermeneu tics, studies on concepts and ideas, to lexicography.

Projects involve research on broad cultural questions, the editing and publishing of important primary source materials, and the preparation of specialized dictionaries. In order to ensure that the Institute is well linked internationally, it convenes symposia on a regular basis, and its research fellows fre quently present their research results at international institutions and conferences. Research sojourns abroad also enable ties with international colleagues and institutions to be intensified, and have often resulted in long-term international collaborations. A number of projects are being done collaboratively with the University of Vienna, where the majority of the institute’s fellows also regu larly teach, allowing them to pass on their research results in their respective fields to students. The research at the institute aims not only at broadening our know ledge in these various specialized areas, but also at promoting our understanding of the multifaceted de vel op ments in the cultures of Asia, cultures that have become, as a result of globalization, ever more visible in the West.

For details about current projects, see: http://ikga.oeaw.ac.at/

Results for 2008–2009Because of the institute’s wide range of projects, only a sample of the results will be presented here. Research in Japanology continued to focus on the de-velopment, during the early modern period, of how life cycles were structured, examining especially the “dis-covery” of childhood and old age as periods in life for cultural activities. Here, a great deal of progress was made on a monograph about the development of il-lustrated board games (shusse sugoroku) of the late 18th to the middle of the 20th century, which portrays links between possible life cycles and upward social mobility. Moreover, the related beginnings of an “information society” were examined in the course of participating in the project “Ukiyoe caricatures 1842–1905” at the University of Vienna. The research on the deity Hachi-man was continued by examining primary sources as found in early shrine chronicles of the so-called regional chronicles ( fudoki), as well as other 8th century sources. Again it was seen that Korean immigrants played a role that had been underestimated. This has become a much-discussed topic among specialists in the field. In addition to this, editorial work was done on the sympo-sium volume Shinto Studies and Nationalism.

Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia

Head: Helmut Krasser

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The FWF-supported research on the systemat-ics of proof and refutation in the medical manual ./010 020345678 was completed in 2008. A new FWF project was then approved (2008-2011), involv-ing the creation of an internet database of the frag-ments of early Nyāya epistemology and logic in the period before Dharmakīrti, which is to be expanded on by an international team. Following the needed software being developed, the work has involved the collection of fragments (currently 330 entries), fo-cusing in particular on early commentators on the Nyāya School and the materialistic Cārvāka School �� . Also fragments of texts by other authors, some anony-mous, have been entered into the database.

In the area of Religious Studies, work on the third vol-ume (t-ph) of the dictionary of Hindu Tantra terminolo-gy was continued with an international team of editors.

The work based on �� !��"��#�$ on the authority of the Pāñcarātra was also continued. In addition, two general articles on the tradition of the Pāñcarātra were written. ��%� “Teaching of God” was examined on the basis of his two theological-philosophical main works, the “Tattvāmuktākalāpa” and “Nyāyasiddhāñjana”, and presented in a study that, in addition to explaining his terminology and polemics against other teachings, examined above all the back-ground of his views on the phenomenon of the time and temporality of God.

The agreement signed in January 2004 between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the China Tibe-tology Research Center in Beijing (CTRC) regard-ing the editing of Sanskrit texts brought to Tibet in the 8th to 14th centuries could be extended to 2013. The series “Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Au-tonomous Region”, which was established to pub-


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lish these texts, brought out three new volumes: a critical edition of Vasubandhu’s “Pañcaskandhaka”, of the “Adhyardaśatikā Prajñāpāramitā”, and of Candrakīrti’s “Vajrasattvasādhana”. The papers pre-sented at the panel “Sanskrit manuscripts in China”, part of the “2008 Beijing Seminar on Tibetan Stud-ies” organized by the CTRC, were published in a proceedings anthology. In addition to a large number of lectures and articles, a monograph on the Tibetan scholar Sa skya Pa9;ita was completed. The “Journal of the International Association for Buddhist Studies” has been co-edited at the institute since 2006.

The institute’s international standing was supported by its research fellows participating in a number of confer-ences, as well as by the organization of a symposium (hermeneutics of religion), a workshop (Forum for Asian Philosophy), two panels at international conferences (“Beijing Seminar on Tibetan Studies”, “14th World Sanskrit Conference”), as well as the regular meetings in the framework of Tantra dictionary project.

BibliographyHugon, Pascale, Trésors du raisonnement. Sa skya <09;560 et ses prédécesseurs tibétains sur les modes de fonctionnement de la pensée et le fonde-ment de l’inférence. Edition et traduc tion anno tée du quatrième chapitre et d’une section du dixième chapitre du Tshad ma rigs pa’i gter. (WSTB 69.1

und 69.2) Vienna: ATBS 2008, 2 Vols. pp. xii, 1–360 and viii, 361–854. Krasser, Helmut; Kellner, Birgit (eds.), Jour-nal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Vol. 29/1–2 2006 (2008) pp. 412; Vol. 30/1–2 2007 (2009) pp. 348; Vol. 31/1–2 2008 (2009) pp. 480.Li, Xuezhu; Steinkellner, Ernst, Vasubandhu’s Pañcaskandhaka. Critical Edition with a contribu-Critical Edition with a contribu-tion by Toru Tomabechi. (Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region). Bei jing/Vien-na: China Tibetology Publishing House/VÖAW 2008, pp. xxvii, 107.Luo, Hong; Tomabechi, Toru, Candrakīrti’s Vajrasattvasādhana. Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts (Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Re-gion 6). Bei jing/Vienna: China Tibetology Publi-Bei jing/Vienna: China Tibetology Publi-shing House/VÖAW 2009, pp. xxxiv, 98.Oberhammer, Gerhard; Schmücker, Marcus (ed.) Glaubensgewissheit und Wahrheit in reli giöser Tradition. (BKGA 60) Vienna: VÖAW 2008, pp. 349.Steinkellner, Ernst; Duan Qing; Krasser, Helmut (eds.), Sanskrit manuscripts in China. Pro-Pro-ceedings of a panel at the 2008 Beijing Seminar on Ti-betan Studies, October 13–17. Beijing 2009, pp. 339.Tomabechi, Toru, Adhyardhaśatikā Prajñāpāramitā. Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts (Sanskrit Texts from the Tibetan Autonomous Region 5). Bei jing/Vienna: China Tibetology Publishing House/VÖAW 2009, pp. lxviii, 100.


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Aims and FunctionsThe Social Anthropology Research Unit (SARU) was transformed into the Institute for Social Anthropology (ISA) as of 1 January 2010 and is part of the Centre for Studies in Asian Cultures and Social Anthropology (CSACSA).

ISA specifies and further elaborates socio-cultural an-thropology’s core skills and competencies (in the local study of kinship, ritual, and customary law) within the wider contexts of regional and global transformations. ISA subscribes to a pluralism of anthropological ap-proaches in theories that respect cultural diversity. In terms of methodological procedures, ISA fully commits to a priority for ethnographic fieldwork that is based on local language expertise, qualitative data analysis and gender-sensitive approaches.

These priorities may be complemented by “ethnohis-torical” oral or archival investigations, by up-dated methods of anthropological comparison, and by inter-disciplinary procedures.

ISA’s expertise is focusing on the three main sub-regions of Western Asia (Arab peninsula and Kurdish regions), Central Asia (from Mongolia to the Himalayas) and South-East Asia (mainland as well as insular and Indian Ocean island worlds).

How these local and regional cultural diversities in-teract among each other, how they cope with wider and global influences both past and present, and how research and the public in Austria have responded to that, will continue to inform ISA’s main and more general research questions.

For the period 2007 to 2012 the medium-term research program “Consensus and Conflict in Asia and in the eastern Mediterranean” was defined.

ISA is one of continental Europe’s leading research laboratories for anthropological studies in Asian societies and cultures.


EventsIn the last two years ISA organized 40 events. In the year 2009 Aihwa Ong from the University of California, Berkeley, was invited to speak about “What Marco Polo Forgot: Asian Projects Reconfigure the Global”, at the international Eric Wolf Lecture, that is collaboratively organized with the International Research Center of Cultural Studies and the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Vienna every two years.

A wide range of topics was covered by researchers invited to the ISA/SARU International Guest Lectures. Beyond that ISA organized a large number of conferences and workshops on theoretical debates or different research areas. At the “Long night of research” (“Lange Nacht der Forschung”) on November 7, 2009 ISA together with the Institute for Iranian Studies presented four

Institute for Social Anthropology

Head: Andre Gingrich

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projects of the Austrian Academy of Sciences dealing with the transfer of knowledge, humans and/or goods between Asia and Europe as well as the interdisciplinary project “Shifting Memories – Manifest Monuments. Memories of the‚ Turks and Other Enemies”.

PublicationsDuring the last two years ISA members published a total of 6 books, 20 journal articles, 20 book contributions/chapters, 13 reviews, and 16 popular scientific texts. Furthermore several texts (books, book chapters, journal articles, reviews) were submitted to journals or publishing companies.

Empirical studiesA large number of field studies, publication projects, and library researches were done in Iran, China and Tibet, Indonesia, Thailand, Italy, Germany, Jordan, Libya, India, Mongolia and Turkey. Some of these research projects were completed successfully.

In another project Mongolian ethnographica collected by the Austrian explorer Hans Leder and scattered to many museums in Europe have been analysed and classified; for the first time ever a general picture of this 100 year old collection was devised.

Another project investigated the historical context of the creation of monuments and artifacts addressing the so called ‘Türkenzeit’ in Vienna; the interpretations or re-interpretations of these monuments as well as the

construction of boundaries and identity were also ex-amined. The first results of the project are presented on an interactive website.

Based on long-term field research in Indonesia an ASF-project explored the relations of the Hadhrami, a diaspora community in Indonesia originating from Hadhramaut, to the local population as well as their transnational networks and the networks between Hadhrami communities. While the previous project concentrated on Java, Sumatra and Bali, the focus of the follow-up project was extended to rather peripheral regions of Indonesia and the Hadhramaut.

Another project tried to find out how the Tuareg, an originally nomadic society living in the Central Sahara and the Sahelian fringes, are dealing with challenges from the outside in a creative way.

The wide range of ISA research topics also includes re-productive tourism in Europe, Tibetan medicine, and the religiously motivated socio-cultural processes in the multi-ethnic province Papua in Western New Guinea (Indonesia).

BibliographyGingrich, Andre: Evidence in Sociocultural Anthro-pology: Limits and options for epistemological orien-tations. In: João de Pina-Cabral and Christina Toren (eds.): What’s Happening to Epistemology? Special Issue of Social Analysis, vol. 53/2 (2009), S. 177- 190.

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Gollner, Marion: Morgenland in Monument und Mythos. Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Neubewertung von Türkenbildern in Wien. Saar-Saar-brücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller 2009.Hazod, Guntram: Imperial Central Tibet: An Annotated Cartographical Survey of its Territo-rial Divisions and Key Political Sites. In: Brandon Dotson, The Old Tibetan Annals. An Annotated Translation of Tibet’s First History. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaf-ten 2009, S. 161-231.Heiss, Johann/Feichtinger Johannes: Berichterstat-tung vom letzten österreichischen Türkenkrieg, in: Sommer, Monika (Ed.): Hieronymus Löschen-kohl. Sensationen aus dem alten Wien, Vienna, S. 140-155.Jahoda, Christian/Papa-Kalantari, Christiane: Eine frühe buddhistische Steinstele (rdo ring) in sPu rang, Westtibet: eine Neuuntersuchung. Bericht einer österreichisch-tibetischen Feldfor-schung. In: Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques LXIII(2), 2009, S. 349–400.

Kloos, Stephan: Rezension von Prost, Audrey: Pre-cious Pills. Medicine and Social Change among Tibetan Refugees in India. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books 2008, in: Asian Medicine 4(2), 2008, S. 553-554.Kohl, Ines: Beautiful Modern Nomads: Border-crossing Tuareg between Niger, Algeria and Libya. Berlin: Reimer Verlag 2009.Munkh-Erdene Lkhamsuren: Selling of Good Fa-ther’s Name: Legitimacy, Pride and Commodity. (Commemoration of Chinggis Khan in Modern Mongolia), Bulletin 24, School of Human Cul-tures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, (2008) S. 35-46. Six-Hohenbalken, Maria Anna / Tosic, Jelena (Ed.): Anthropologie der Migration. Theoretische Grundlagen und interdisziplinäre Aspekte. Wien: Facultas Verlag 2009.Slama, Martin (Ed.): Konflikte - Mächte - Identitäten. Beiträge zur Sozialanthropologie Südostasiens. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2009.


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Aims and FunctionsThe basis of the AAC-Austrian Academy Corpus is a comprehensive and complex collection of integral electronic German texts from 1848 until 1989, i.e. from the March Revolution until the fall of the Berlin Wall, with special emphasis on Austrian texts. These texts are systematically digitised and annotated in the “Austrian Academy Corpus Container” (AACC). Thus the AAC combines principles of the Humanities (such as philological precision, text structuring, annotation, editorial techniques, indexing, commenting, etc.) with ICT technologies. After the initial phase of the AAC (2001-2006), which was primarily meant to build up the core of the AAC text collection as well as to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the corpus programme, a second phase (from 2007 onwards) is dedicated to application oriented approaches in text technological research, to the online edition of ample text corpora and to the preparation of projects in the three research poles of the “Institute for Computer Linguistics and Text Technology” into which the AAC is to be transformed in 2010:

Corpus-linguistic research in lexicological and le-xicographic topics and in translation theoryFurther development of corpus-linguistic and text-technological research methods and toolsCorpus-linguistic research on topics of literary and cultural studies.

Results for 2008–2009In spite of the strong reduction of personnel during these two years, it was possible to supplement the AAC text container with regard to projected research, to build subcorpora and to catalogue 6000 ample digitised text objects in view of the projected online representation of the AAC source index. Results of the work on the AAC Container can be divided into four groups:a) Preparation and conversion of texts: several new tools

(auto_lemmatizer, auto_tokenizer, auto_stats and

auto_ddc_prepare) were created to step up the proc-esses of updating the text holdings and automatic wholesale XMLification of these large amounts of textual data.

b) Data managment: configuring the DDC indexer and ingesting data requires a number of rather com-plex steps. The software application ddc_manager serves the purpose of easing this process. Several functions were added to this program during the pe-riod under report.

c) Middleware: interfacing between data server and client applications (corpedUni, corpusBrowser) was completely reconfigured. While corpedUni still re-trieves data from the various data sources via the aac_dataserver_ng_01 application, recent versions of corpus-Browser access the DDC indexer through PHP scripts.

d) Client development : the corpusBrowser tool was furnished with an interface that allows access to all corpus texts through the corpedUni application which makes it possible to annotate texts directly from the browser interface.

In 2008 cooperation with the three partner projects of Switzerland, Germany and South Tyrol was continued with the online publication of the C4-Corpus http://www.korpus-c4.org/. This joint corpus consists of four different corpus resources with the server locations in Basel, Berlin, Bozen and Vienna.

In the beginning of 2008 a two-year cooperation con-tract was signed with the department of German stud-ies of the Czech University of Olomouc/Olmütz for establishing an AAC-subcorpus with texts of German-Moravian writers. For this purpose a joint three-day workshop was held in Olomouc university.

In 2009 the AAC has cooperated actively in the computational-linguistics and text-technological CLARIN project of the EU and on its Austrian sub-

Centre for Cultural Research (CCR)

AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus

Head: Wolfgang U. Dressler(until 31.12.2008: Evelyn Breiteneder)

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project CLARIN-AT. AAC people have cooperated in the planning and establishment of specifications for the CLARIN metadata infrastructure (CMDI) and were invited to lecture on the framework of D-SPIN within CLARIN.

Work on parallel corpora has continued, especially of Freud’s “Traumdeutung” and its Russian and English translations, financed by the City of Vienna.

The long-time AAC guest researcher Dmitrij O. Dobrovol’skij is editor of the “New German-Russian megalexicon” (3 volumes with 500,000 lemmas), with the cooperation of the AAC and the Russian Academy of Sciences. One of the two other redactors is the AAC guest researcher Artem Sharandin.

BibliographyDas Neue Deutsch-Russische Großwörterbuch. 3 Bände. Russische Akademie der Wissen-schaf-ten, Institut für Russische Sprache / Österrei-

chische Akademie der Wissenschaften, AAC-Austrian Academy Corpus. Hrsg. v. Dmitrij O. Dobrovol‘skij. Wissenschaftliche Redaktion: D. O. Dobrovol‘skij, A. V. Šarandin, A. Baumgart-Wendt. Moskau: AST-Astrel 2008-2010 (3.565 S.)Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij O. u. Piirainen, Elisabeth: Zur Theorie der Phraseologie: kognitive und kulturelle Aspekte. Tübingen: Stauffenburg 2009 (211 S.)Braunwarth, Peter Michael: Keine Gespräche pro-grammatischen Charakters. Ein ungedruckter Brief Arthur Schnitzlers. In: Neumann, Gerhard et al. (Hrsg.), Hofmannsthal-Jahrbuch zur europäischen Moderne; Freiburg im Breisgau: Rombach Verlag 2008, S. 217-222 Biber, Hanno: Hundreds of Examples of Figura-tive Language from the AAC-Austrian Academy Corpus. In: John Barnden et al. (Eds.): Corpus-Based Approaches to Figurative Language. A Corpus Linguistics 2009 Colloquium, Collo-quium Companion, School of Computer Science

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University of Birmingham, CSRP-09-01 (Cogni-tive Science Research Papers), July 2009, S. 13-20Breiteneder, Evelyn, Biber, Hanno u. Mörth, Karl-heinz: „AAC-Austrian Academy Corpus - eine texttechnologische Unternehmung”, in: ÖGAI Journal, Jg. 2009 (Vol. 28 / Nr. 1), S. 14-20Dobrovol’skij, D. O. u. Levontina, I. B: Computa-tional Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies [in russischer Sprache]. Papers from the Annual Inter-national Conference “Dialogue 2009” Issue 8 (15), 2009, S. 97-101Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij O. u. Paducheva, Elena: Deixis without speaker: towards the semantics of the German deictic elements ‘hin’ and ‘her’. Com-putational Linguistics and Intellectual Technolo-gies. Papers from the Annual International Con-ference “Dialogue”. Issue 7 (2008), S. 140-146Dobrovol’skij, Dmitrij O. u. Šarandin, Artem V.: Systemhaftigkeit in zweisprachiger Lexikographie: Zur Darstellung deutscher und russischer Posses-sivpronomen. In: Bernal, Elisende; DeCesaris, Janet (Hrsg.), Proceedings of the XIII Euralex In-ternational Congress (Barcelona 15-19 July 2008), Barcelona: IULA 2008, S. 837-842Dobrovol’skij, D. O. u. Šarandin, Artem V.: Pos-sessive pronouns in German and Russian: towards systematic lexicographic representation. In: AC-In: AC-TAS. XI Simposio International de Comunicacion Social. Santiago de Cuba: Centro de Linguistica Applicada 2009. S. 73-75

Tumfart, Barbara: „.. aus fremden Gärten in unsern deutschen Boden von mir verpflanzt“. Ignaz Franz Castelli als Übersetzer französischer Theaterstücke. In: Kortländer, Bernd; Siepe, Hans T. (Hrsg.), Übersetzen im Vormärz; Bielefeld: Aisthesis-Verlag 2008, S. 85-116

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Aims and FunctionsThe main task of the department has been the publication of the “Wörterbuch der Fackel” which is being prepared on the basis of the 22,586 pages of the journal “Die Fackel” (1899-1936) whose 922 numbers and 415 issues were published and – for the most part – edited by Karl Kraus in the period from April 1899 until February 1936. The complete text dictionary will consist of three dictionaries, each of which is to represent a different lexicographic type: the first part, the “Wörterbuch der Redensarten” was published in 1999; the second part, the three volume “Schimpfwörterbuch” followed in December 2008; the third part will be concerned with Karl Kraus’ manifesto “Mir fällt zu Hitler nichts ein”, a text written in 1933. This thematically arranged dictionary will conclude the text lexicographic programme of the department.

The programme of the department has pursued literary, linguistic as well as text technological objectives. At the intersection of these disciplines, it has been doing research in text lexicography, conducted research into Karl Kraus and his work, and undertaken investigations into lexicological issues and issues of types of texts as well as corpus based methodology. Research interests have been directed towards all philological disciplines working on comparable issues, all historico-cultural and socio-scientific disciplines working on applied IT technologies to the ends of electronic text processing and editing.

Results for 2008–2009In 2008, the „Schimpfwörterbuch zu der von Karl Kraus 1899 bis 1936 herausgegebenen Zeitschrift ‘Die Fackel’. Alphabetisches, Chronologisches, Explikatives“ was completed. Typesetting of the three volumes could be finished by midyear. The three volumes were dedicated to one theme: the usage of invectives in the journal die Fackel, represented in alphabetical (Alpha)

and chronological (Chrono) order, commentated and explained (Explica) through the example of the last article of the Fackel: Wichtiges von Wichten.

Indexing and register production of the Alpha volume was performed in cooperation with the AAC – Austrian Academy Corpus as a project within the Centre for Culture Studies. Typesetting of the three volumes would not have been possible without the text-tech-nological methods of the AAC. The production of the “Schimpfwörterbuch” was accomplished during the summer of 2008, which made it possible to present the text dictionary as part of the autumn programme of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press.

The dictionary’s Alpha part consists of 2,775 representative examples of pejorative phrases, which were collected during the preparatory work out of approximately 200,000 items excerpted from the 22,586 pages of “Die Fackel”, and furnished with three indices. The Chrono part presents 555 of these pejorative phrases arranged in chronological order giving examples with expanded contexts. The volume Explica contains the editor in chief ’s explicatory texts as well as “Wichtiges von Wichten”, the final article of “Die Fackel”, the “source text” of the dictionary. On its 19 pages 555 pejorative phrases alone were marked up, accompanied by exemplary commentaries and materials meant to uncover the scope of pejorative usage that reaches beyond the categories selected for the dictionary.

On November 23, 2008, the “Schimpfwörterbuch” was presented to a wider public on the book fair “Buch Wien 2008”. The official presentation was held at the former Gallery of Science. More than 400 interested guests attended the meeting which was organized by the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press in cooperation with the Verein zur Förderung der Ausarbeitung eines Wörterbuchs der Fackel (Fackellex). The dictionary was

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awarded the prize as one of the most beautiful books of 2008. The jury stated: This work in three volumes impresses with its compact and elaborate clarity as well as with the well-designed guidance system combining colours and typography. In its vast size, it is perfectly conceived, easy to use and rightly deserves the award as one of the most beautiful books.

Scientific post-processing of the “Schimpfwörterbuch” is not yet finished. The members of the editorial team und the editor in chief were asked and invited to report on Fackellex II and related methodological issues at congresses and conferences.

Recently, the focus of the department’s research has shifted to Fackellex III. Before a serious move towards the compilation of the dictionary, a number of systematic preparatory steps have to be taken which are primarily aimed at the preparation of a reliable textual source. The textual base of this project is a text which was written by Karl Kraus in the period from “early May 1933” and September 1933 initially intended for publication in his journal “Die Fackel”. The text which was written under the strong impact of the coming into power of the National Socialists in Germany was then first published by Heinrich Fischer in 1952 in the Munich based publishing house Kösel and is an unparalleled historico-cultural and literary document. In this work, Karl Kraus took on the crimes supported and committed by the “Lower-rung gangsters of the occident”. The cataclysm to come had been predictable from the very beginning. The empire designed to last a thousand years “reduced the life of the state, the economy, the culture to nothing but destruction”.

On roughly 300 pages, Karl Kraus commented on newspaper articles, ideological statements of authors and journalists, quotations of Goebbels and Hitler as well as the unwarranted optimism of opponents that believed that satire or polemics could help against violent perpetrators. In Karl Kraus’ mind, the most

striking evidence was not furnished by book burnings or the abolition of the freedom of the press, but the depravation of a state originally founded on the rule of law, consenting, promoting and ordering torture and murder.

This text was handed down for posterity in the form of a bundle of typed pages and galley proofs. The lawyer, confidant and heir to Kraus, Oskar Samek, took the document in 1938 to Switzerland, just before Hitler’s invasion of Austria. From there, Samek went to New York where he disposed by will that the text should be rendered to the State of Israel. This is why this centerpiece of our philological endeavours here in Vienna is kept in the National Library of Israel in Jerusalem.

BibliographySchimpfwörterbuch zu der von Karl Kraus 1899 bis 1936 herausgegebenen Zeitschrift Die Fackel. Alphabetisches, Chronologisches, Explikatives. Herausgeber: Werner Welzig. Redaktion: Hanno Biber, Evelyn Breiteneder, Gerald Krieghofer, Karlheinz Mörth. Graphic Design: Anne Burdick. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2008, 3 Bände (ALPHA 232 S. / CHRONO 560 S. / EXPLICA 200 S.)

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The research activities of the Institute of Culture Studies and Theatre History (IKT) are conducted according to the theoretical guidelines of contemporary transdisciplinary dialogue, whereby the interaction of diverse fields of research – i.e. history, literature, translation and political science as well as the history of theatre – opens new perspectives. The purpose of this research is the analysis of complex cultural systems, not only those which define European cultural systems, e.g. Central Europe, but also those defining non-European cultures, such as those of Latin America. It is here, in the varied aspects of the research it conducts, that the IKT meets the social challenges of the modern era.

Specific scientific activities, all of which are approved to international standards and subsequently reviewed and evaluated by an International Advisory Board, comprise:

Basic research projects: tThese twenty-nine research projects – supported in part by external funding – focus on four main areas:a) History of theatre of the Habsburg monarchy (seven research projects)b)Sites of memory – spaces of memory (eight research projects)c) Cultures of knowledge (five research projects)d) Translation (six research projects)An international annual conferenceInternational interdisciplinary workshops (bet-ween two and five per annum)Monthly Jours fixes on topical fields of contem-porary discourse of culture studies offer a forum where young researchers can present their workErnst Mach forum. Dialogue of science and scho-larship: biannual panel discussions which bring together representatives of culture science, the na-tural sciences, medicine, and technology.The Committee on Literature and Cultural Studies

of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Hun-garian Academy of Sciences (one event annually). Meetings and events organised in co-operation with other institutions (2 – 5 per annum).

Results for 2008–2009 The former Commission was officially awarded the status of Institute on January 1, 2009, with Prof. Michael Rössner appointed as its director effective from March 1, 2009. This change brought with it a shift of emphasis in the Institute’s research programme, which was also further expanded to include a major new research area: “Translation”. At the same time a new International Advisory Board with Prof. Michael Boehler (Zurich, Switzerland), chair, was appointed.

“Translation”, the Institute’s new major research area, places the concept of translation within a transdisciplinary context, i.e. not simply translation from one language to another, but a process which by means of de- and recontextualisation makes communication within the framework of cultural interaction possible. Transmedial and transdisciplinary translations are studied within their given contexts, as are cultural translations between various historical epochs and social subsystems. Here, the primary focus is on the role of narratives, cultural representations, and staging in those negotiations which aim at defining identity and create collective memory.The increase in the number of current staff members and the further recognition of the Institute’s work in the form of external funding have made it possible to establish new research projects: Spaces of Translation: On Translation as (Performative) Negotiation of Differences amongst Identity Constructions in Cultural Epochs (Michael Rössner, Federico Italiano; ÖAW) – Translating Geographies (Federico Italiano) – Eurosphere. Towards a Citizens’ Europe (Monika Mokre; ÖAW and BMWF) – Programs and Methods of Production for Historical Research at the Imperial Academy of Sciences

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in Vienna from 1847 to 1914 (Christine Ottner-Diesenberger; APART) – Mauthausen Seminar. Presentation and Exhibition of History in the ‘Places of Memory’ at Nazi Concentration Camps (Heidemarie Uhl, Dietbert Apfelknab, Ralph Gabriel, Matthias Kopp, Magdalena Rest; BM:BWK, forMuse) – Agricultural Memory in the European Union (Jenifer Jordan; holder of the Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Program Grant of the Austrian Science Fund).

A number of events on topics extending from project planning to the presentation of research results were held in the period under review: two international conferences (2008: Authenticity: Discovery, Reenactment, Invention, 2009: “Spaces of in-between”: Migration and the Delimitation of Cultures and Identities) and five workshops with international participation (2008: Biographical Research and Oral History – Bosnia and Herzegovina: Austria´s Forgotten Colony and its Relationship to the Habsburg Monarchy´, 2009: The Material of Memory:. Materiality and the Mind – Viennese Avantgardes after 1945 – New Perspectives in Memory Studies: Rethinking Movement, Representation and Materiality.)

Its new official status, as well as increased co-operation with partner institutions, enabled the Institute to offer a greater number of organised events than had been possible the year before: 2009: Between Ivory Tower and Empowerment. Culture Sciences and the Challenges of the Present. – Culture and Agriculture. Organised jointly with the Verein Arche Noah (Noah’s Ark Association). – Positivismus.Macht.Aufklärung. Politicization of the Scientific World View. Organised jointly with the Initiativkolleg of the University of Vienna ‘The Sciences in Historical Context’. – Disturbing Remains. Dealing with the Material Remains of National Socialism. Organised as part of the program ‚Linz09’ – Testcourse Art. Viennese Avantgarde after 1945. Organised jointly with the Association Viennavant. – Vienna Porta Orientis. A meeting organised within the framework of the EU program “Translation in the Mediterranean Area. Construction and Deconstruction of ‘Occident’ and ‘Orient’”. The Institute’s media presence increased significantly

thanks to two interviews (Prof. Csáky, Prof. Rössn-er) published in the Austrian daily newspaper “Der Standard”, several dedicated broadcasts on Austrian national radio, and reviews and reports on projects in various printed media.

BibliographyChristoph Leitgeb: Barthes’ Mythos im Rahmen konkreter Ironie. Literarische Konstruktionen des Eigenen und des Fremden. München: Fink 2008.Heidemarie Uhl, Monika Sommer (Ed.): Mythos Alt-Wien. Spannungsfelder urbaner Identitäten. StudienVerlag 2009 (Gedächtnis – Erinnerung – Identität 9).Peter Stachel, Philipp Ther (Ed.): Wie europäisch ist die Oper? Die Geschichte des Musiktheaters als Zugang zu einer kulturellen Topographie Europas, Wien 2009.Nicole L. Immler (Ed.): ‚The making of…‘ Ge-Ge-nie: Wittgenstein & Mozart. Biographien, ihre Mythen und wem sie nützen, StudienVerlag 2009 (Gedächtnis – Erinnerung – Identität, Bd. 11).Adelheid Pichler, Gertraud Marinelli–König (Ed.), Kultur – Erbe – Stadt. Stadtentwicklung und UNESCO-Mandat in post- und spätsozialis-tischen Städten, Wien 2008 (Gedächtnis – Erinne-rung – Identität 8).Moritz Csáky, Christoph Leitgeb (Ed.): Kom-munikation – Gedächtnis – Raum. Kulturwis-senschaften nach dem „Spatial Turn“, Bielefeld 2009.Dieter J. Hecht, Eleonore Lappin, Michaela Rag-gam-Blesch, Lisa Rettl, Heidemarie Uhl (Ed.): 1938. The Beginnings of the Shoah in Austria. Places – Pictures – Memories, Vienna 2008.Helga Mitterbauer, Katharina Scherke, Alexandra Millner (Ed.): Moderne. Kulturwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch. Migration. Innsbruck – Wien – Bozen: Studien Verlag 2008.Die Zeitschrift „Sprachkunst“ erscheint seit 1971 halbjährlich, zuletzt erschienen: Sprachkunst. Beiträge zur Literaturwissenschaft. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Jg. 39/2. Halbband (2008), Jg. 40/1. Halbband (2009)

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Aims and FunctionsSince its founding in 1979, the Commission for the History of Art has been able to establish itself as Austria’s most important non-university research institution in this subject. The projects undertaken here cover a broad thematic spectrum of basic research in the history of art. The relevant objects of study are researched using a detailed analysis of works and sources as well as a flexible use of methodology. Central to our interest is the academic publication of Austrian visual arts, taking into account their European context. The publication by the Commission for the History of Art of the six volume “Geschichte der bildenden Kunst in Österreich” (Prestel Verlag, 1998–2003) created a completely new basis for research into artistic creativity in Austria.

With its research into the history of the construction and function of the Vienna Hofburg, the Commission for the History of Art chose a new focal area for its studies in 2004, which provides a perfect opportunity to study Austrian and European identity. For centuries the Vienna Hofburg stood as an architectural monument of the highest artistic and political relevance at the centre of European policy and culture. This central position is mirrored in the construction history of the Hofburg, as it grew from the medieval castellated Swiss Wing to the never completed “Imperial forum”. The results of the interdisciplinary research project will result in a publication in several volumes.

Having joined the “Research Group – Baroque Ceiling Painting in Central Europe”, we will be working in close co-operation with important research institutions of Central Europe on the study of Baroque ceiling frescoes.

Results for 2008–2009In order to consolidate its focus of research, the Commission for the History of Art has, since 2004, set itself the task of carrying out interdisciplinary research into the history of the construction, furnishing and function of the Vienna Hofburg. The complex planning and construction history of the Viennese Residence, spanning seven centuries, necessitated the dividing up of the main project between five research teams, with funding made possible by the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Science Fund. Four project groups began work in 2005/2006, and in 2007 the sub-project on the history of the Vienna Hofburg until 1918 was added.

In keeping with the research guidelines of the Austrian Science Fund, all sub-projects were originally limited to three years. However, the thorough indexing of all written and pictorial sources made clear the extent and range of the materials. In addition to the rich store of

Commission for the History of Art

Head: Artur Rosenauer

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pictorial sources (ca. 10,000 plans, architects’ sketches and veduta), these include tens of thousands of written sources, which must be systematically worked through. The number of archival finds made it clear that an extension of the project was necessary, working with new perspectives and questions.

In addition to the high level of (art-) historical importance of the subject under consideration, the successful basic research and its results in the first year meant that we were able to gain Austrian Science Fund approval for the continuation of the project in 2008/2009. International co-operation guarantees regular exchanges with expert colleagues, such as through the 11th Symposium of the Residencies Commission of the Academy for Sciences and Humanities in Göttingen in September 2008, which was organised by our Commission and the Historical Commission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. We were once again able to invite international experts on fortifications to a conference on the Fortification of the Vienna Burg in December 2009. The proceedings of the Vienna Conference on the History of the Residences in the 19th Century held in September 2007 will be published at the end of 2009.

In October 2009 members of the Commission gave lectures at a conference organised by the research group in Prague, entitled “Baroque ceiling painting within monastic culture”. A conference was organised on the 300th anniversary of the death of the baroque painter, architect and expert in trompe l’oeuil painting, Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709), member of the Society of Jesus. The conference centred on Pozzo’s ceiling frescoes, casting new light on their dimen-sions and contexts.

As well as carrying out research in the aforementioned specialisations, the Commission for the History of Art also co-operates in other projects: the “Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi” (CVMA) is a scientific project which aims to research and publish the largely unknown painted and stained glass of the Middle Ages. Our task is to create a comprehensive record of all surviving stained glass in Austria. Funding from the federal state of Lower Austria has enabled the Austrian Academy of Sciences to employ two colleagues to research the stained glass found in Lower Austria.

The project, “The Epitaphs of St. Stephen’s, Vienna” has as its aim the production of the first complete record of the remaining epitaphs, as well as all those lost works that have survived in drawings.

The “Albrechtscodex” project is dealing with the annotated edition of an outstanding document on Baroque art from Vienna. The codex contains 14 schemes by concettist Conrad Adolph von Albrecht for prestigious buildings, frescoes and sculptural ensembles, eleven of which were commissioned by Emperor Charles VI. The text for the catalogue numbers and the introduction will be completed in 2010.

The aim of the “German and Dutch drawings 1350-1500” project is to record all German, Dutch, French and Bohemian drawings from approximately 1350 to 1500 worldwide. Central to this research is the systematic recording and scientific evaluation of the drawings.

BibliographyFriedrich DAHM (Ed.), Das Riesentor. Archäo-logie – Bau- und Kunstgeschichte - Naturwissen-schaften – Restaurierung, Vienna 2008.Werner TELESKO / Richard KURDIOVSKY / Andreas NIERHAUS (Eds.), Die Wiener Hofburg und der Residenzbau in Mitteleuropa im 19. Jahr-hundert. Monarchische Repräsentation zwischen Ideal und Wirklichkeit, Vienna 2009.

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Richard KURDIOVSKY (Ed.), Die Österreichi-sche Präsidentschaftskanzlei in der Wiener Hof-burg, Vienna 2008.Werner TELESKO, Kulturraum Österreich. Die Identität der Regionen in der bildenden Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts, Vienna 2008.Renate HOLZSCHUH-HOFER, Die renaissance-zeitliche Hofburg und das Schweizertor mit seiner

Programmatik im Lichte der neuen Erkenntnisse durch die Bauforschung, in: Österreichische Zeit-schrift für Kunst und Denkmalforschung 62, Heft 4 (2008), 643–660.Bernadette REINHOLD, „… meinem Herz so heilig …“. Carolina Augustas neuer Salin in der Wiener Hofburg und der Memorialkult „des guten Kaiser Franz“, in: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalforschung 62, Heft 4 (2008), 676–691.Markus JEITLER, Zum Forschungsstand der Wie-ner Hofburg, in: Château Gaillard XXIII. Études de castellologie médiévale. Bilan des recherches en castellologie. Actes du colloque international de Houffalize (Belgique) 4–10 Septembre 2006 (An-ne-Marie FLAMBARD HÉRICHER, Ed.), Caen 2008, 253–261.Anna MADER, Beiträge zu Österreichischer Landschaftsmalerei (Chr. H. Brand, J. Chr. Brand, Franz de Paula Ferg, Martin von Molitor, Joseph Orient, Joseph Roos d. Ä., Maximilian Jo-seph Schinnagl, Franz Edmund Weirotter), in: Mi-chael KRAPF / Agnes HUSSLEIN-ARCO (Ed.), Barock. Meisterwerke im Belvedere, Vienna 2008, Kat.-Nr. 11–26, 48, 115–116, 124,139–140, 145–146, 176.Herbert KARNER, Die „ideale Ebene“ – ein My-thos der Wiener Deckenmalerei des Barock, in: Jiří KROUPA / Michaela ŠEFERISSOVÁ / Lubomír KONEČNÝ (Hg.), Orbis Artium. K jubileu Lu-bomíra Slavička, Brno 2009, 429–444.Werner TELESKO, Bartolomeo Altomontes Ausmalung des Sommerrefektoriums im Stift St. Florian (OÖ.) 1731 und die Wiederbelebung der „vita apostolica“ durch die Augustiner Chorherren, in: Jiří KROUPA / Michaela ŠEFERISSOVÁ / Lubomír KONEČNÝ (Eds.), Orbis Artium. K jubileu Lubomíra Slavička, Brno 2009, 487–506.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Music Research (KMf), founded in 1944, is considered to be Austria’s most important non-university research institution on musicology, coordinating scholarly research projects on Austrian music history. This is supported by, among others, the successful affiliation of externally funded research grants (FWF – Austrian Science Fund; Lise-Meitner-Program; Upper Austrian Provincial Government) – even more evident in 2008/09 than in previous years. The KMf concentrates its research efforts on the musical heritage of Austria with an increasing perspectivization on Central Europe, including the former territories of the Habsburg Monarchy as well as Germany and Italy. Recently, interdisciplinary endeavours within the Centre for Cultural Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, to which the KMf adheres, have gained increased importance.

The KMf main activities can be summarized as follows: the medium-term research project Music – Identity – Space; the online version of Oesterreichisches Musik-lexikon (oeml); long-term research projects devoted to documentation and edition: Arbeitsstelle Anton Bruckner; Arbeitsstelle Johann-Joseph-Fux-Gesamtaus-gabe; Neue Schubert-Ausgabe; Anton Webern-Gesam-tausgabe (the two last-mentioned projects in interna-tional co-operation).

Furthermore, the scholarly staff of KMf is envolved in smaller research projects according to their particular scientific interest and qualification, particularly on Austrian and Central European music history (docu-mentary research on music in Vienna and Lower Aus-tria; the place of music within the Habsburg courts; music and media in the 20th century, among others). Research networks such as Study Group on Musical Ico-nography, Cantus Planus, or Musik, bildende Kunst und Literatur in Österreich nach 1945 are also coordinated.

Results for 2008–2009Within the framework of Music – Identity – Space (to be completed in 2012) four temporal interfaces of music history (c.1440, 1740, 1848, and 1945–1955/56) are explored in order to provide new historiographical models, primarily based on comparison instead of a linear perspective. Within the period under report, position papers have been presented in workshops and symposia organized by the KMf (“Music Serving the Idea of State, 1735/40”, “The 1848/49 Revolution and Music”, “1945–1960: Between Change and Normality”, “1951: Cross-Section of Austrian Art”), and even exposed to public discussion during the 14th International Congress of the German Musicological Society (Leipzig 2008). In order to publish these research results, the KMf and the publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences have agreed on a sub-series within the Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Musikforschung. Separate articles on important topics have already been published in international scholarly journals.

The five-volume print version of oeml, finally completed in 2008, was supplemented by a comprehensive index on CD-ROM, submitted by Rudolf Flotzinger in 2008. The online edition (www.musiklexikon.ac.at), established as a self-contained medium in addition to the print version, is continually upgraded and expanded, both technically and with regard to its content. Thus, many new articles have been written (114 items in 2009), existing entries have been revised, supplemented as well by illustrations and audio examples. Furthermore co-operation with the Bayerisches Musiker-Lexikon Online has been agreed.

Two international symposia organized by the Arbeitsstelle Anton Bruckner dealt with the manifold philological problems around the “Fassungen” of Bruckner’s works on the one hand, and Hans Rott and new trends

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of symphonic writing on the occasion of the latter composer’s 150th birthday on the other. Besides ongoing preparations for the new edition of the Bruckner-Lexikon in 2008/09, the recently established series of Wiener Bruckner Studien was inaugurated with the publication of its first volume (see bibliography). Due to financial restrictions, the revisions to the Bruckner-Werkverzeichnis had to be postponed by one year.

In April 2008, the continuation of the complete edition of Johann Joseph Fux (Johann-Joseph-Fux-Gesamtausgabe, ongoing since 1959) within the framework of KMf was begun by assigning a new post. In 2008/09, source materials were archived, a preliminary schedule was established as well as the editorial guidelines modified. The below-mentioned volumes are in preparation: Sonaten in größeren Besetzungen (VI/6), Concentus Musico-Instrumentalis (VI/9), and Te Deum (II/5). In 2009, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Fux complete edition, a prestigious ceremony was organized.

At the beginning of the period under report, employment of an additional scientist was authorised for Neue Schubert-Ausgabe. Philological research and source studies on Schubert’s compositions were carried out at Yale University (New Haven) and Sotheby’s (London), among others. Edition and critical reports to the volumes Werke für Klavier zu vier Händen I and III (VII/1,1 and 3) and Adrast (II/12) have been provided as well as the critical reports to Tänze I (VII/2,6) and Sinfonien II (V/2). The volume Werke für Klavier zu vier Händen I was published.

In co-operation with the University of Basel, which also provides supportive funding, it was possible in October 2008 to establish a Viennese center of the Anton Webern-Gesamtausgabe at KMf with a newly employed scientist. To date, scholarly research and investigation for the documentary volumes as part of the complete edition have been undertaken alongside lectures and radio interviews devoted to the life and environment of young Webern.

The commission’s publication series Tabulae Musicae Austriacae (TMA) has been re-established in 2009 (see bibliography). In addition to its participation in the “Long Night of Research”, the KMf has striven for fur-ther dialogue between scholars and the general pub-lic. Thus, it was possible to organize an international conference on “Haydn in the XXI Century” (funded by the Esterházy Private Foundation) as well as pub-lic lectures and concerts on the occasion of the Haydn Memorial Year 2009, in co-operation with Wiener Vor-lesungen and Wiener Akademie Orchestra, all of which were exceptionally well attended.

Bibliography

2008Rudolf Flotzinger (Ed.): Register zum Oesterreichi-schen Musiklexikon, Wien 2008 (ÖAW, CD-Rom)Alexander Rausch: Der spätmittelalterliche Choral-traktat aus der Kartause Gaming (Niederöster-reich). Einführung und Edition, Tutzing 2008 (= Musica Mediaevalis Europae Occidentalis 9).Björn R. Tammen: Musique et danse pour un jeu-ne prince: la joyeuse entrée de l’archiduc Charles à Bruges en 1515, in: Iconographie musicale. En-jeux, méthodes et résultats, Paris 2008 (= Musique – Images – Instruments 10), S. 18-49.

2009Barbara Boisits, Cornelia Szabó-Knotik (Ed.): Mu-

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sicologica Austriaca 27 (2008). Freie Beiträge, Wien 2009 (= Jahresschrift der Österreichischen Gesells-chaft für Musikwissenschaft). Mit Beiträgen u. a. von:

Robert Klugseder: Studien zur mittelalterli-chen liturgischen Tradition der Klosterneubur-ger Augustinerklöster St. Maria und St. Mag-dalena, S. 11-43.Rudolf Flotzinger: Zu den Instrumentalfor-men im Barock – mit besonderem Blick auf Wurzeln der sog. Sonatenform, S. 45-60. Christian Fastl: „August Swoboda, ein win-ziges, buckeliges Männlein mit grauen, ste-chenden Augen und höchst energischem Gesichtsausdruck…“. Wer war August Swo-boda? – oder: Zur Biographie eines nahezu Unbekannten der Musikgeschichte und Ne-bendarstellers der Wiener 1848er Revolution, S. 101-136.

Renate Grasberger, Elisabeth Maier, Erich Wolf-gang Partsch (Ed.): Anton Bruckners Wiener Jah-re. Fakten – Analysen – Perspektiven, Wien 2009 (= Wiener Bruckner Studien 1, ed. von Renate Grasberger, Gernot Gruber, Uwe Harten, Paul Hawkshaw, Elisabeth Maier, Erich Wolfgang Partsch). Mit Beiträgen u.a. von:

Theophil Antonicek: Bruckner im Belvedere. Akten des Obersthofmeisteramtes, S. 19-30. Moritz Csáky: Bruckner und Wien: Der sozio-kulturelle Kontext einer Stadt, S. 65-86. Elisabeth Maier: Bruckner und die „Affaire St. Anna“, S. 219-258.Erich Wolfgang Partsch: Viktor Christ – Anton Bruckners Schüler und Kopist, S. 259-272.

Claudia Maria Knispel, Gernot Gruber (Ed.): Mo-zarts Welt und Nachwelt, Laaber 2009 (= Das Mozart Handbuch 5, hg.. von Gernot Gruber in Verbindung mit Dieter Borchmeyer). Mit Beiträgen u.a. von:

Gernot Gruber: Mozarts Nachwelt, S. 249-512 (aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage). Oswald Panagl: Dialektik auf den Spuren Edu-ard Mörikes. Zur Mozartnovelle von Louis Fürn-berg, S. 568-577.

Elisabeth Maier: Anton Bruckner als Linzer Dom- und Stadtpfarrorganist. Aspekte einer Berufung, Wien 2009 (= Anton Bruckner. Dokumente und Studien 15, hg. von Theophil Antonicek). Alexander Opatrny: Thematischer Katalog Karlmann Pachschmidt, Wien 2009 (= Tabulae Musicae Austriacae 17, ed. von der Kommission für Musikforschung unter Leitung von Gernot Gruber).

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Aims and FunctionsThe Institute for Byzantine Studies (IBF), an internationally unique institution in the field of Byzantine Studies, carries out basic research in this area as well as related research arising from its initial studies. This comprises the evaluation of manuscripts and small objects (lead seals etc.), as well as the historical-geographical study of Byzantium as a region and of its monuments. Numerous international collaborations have enabled the Institute to develop very strong network links.

Current fields of study embrace the following themes:Kritische Edition des Patriarchatsregisters von Kon-stantinopel (A critical edition of the Patriarchy re-gister of Constantinople), an eight volume study based on the original manuscripts of the Cod. Vind. Hist. gr. 47 and 48 (for the period 1315–1402)Diplomacy: A critical edition with commentary on Byzantine documents (Imperial and Patriarchal chancellery, charters und private documents)A register of the authors of Greek manuscripts (co-dices organised by subscription, date, localisation and house of origin or stylistic characteristics) pro-duced by the Austrian National LibraryEight Volume Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzi-tät (since 1994): a complete summary of the voca-bulary of Byzantine literature, drawn together to produce the dictionary of Byzantine Greek, which has been missing until now.Four volumes of Byzantinische Epigramme in in-schriftlicher Überlieferung, a corpus of epigram-matic verse from frescoes, mosaics and other small objects, in manuscripts and on stone.Three volumes of Byzantinische Bleisiegel in Ös-terreich, a detailed description of lead seals with historical and cultural-historical commentaries.The series Tabula Imperii Byzantini (TIB) com-prises volumes of text accompanied by maps

(1:800.000) dedicated to particular regions. The information contained herein is based on the evaluation of sources, secondary literature and visits, making use of new methods and techno-logies. The historical-geographical study of the eastern Mediterranean region, partly in areas of considerable political interest today (Macedonia, Syria, Turkey), increases our understanding of the current situation.

Results for 2008–2009Edition des Patriarchatsregisters von Konstantino-pel: Vol. 5 (1379–1390) is almost complete (FWF Project). Organisation of an international sympo-sium on the register of the patriarchy (5th to 7th May 2009) (E. Mitsiou, J. Preiser-Kapeller)Kirchengeschichte des Nikephoros Kallistos Xan-thopoulos: Editions of books 7–12 (FWF Project) (S. Panteghini)Demosthenes: A review of the works of Demos-thenes from Antiquity to the 11th century (FWF Project) (J. Grusková)Greek Palimpsests: A monograph on the results of the work on the manuscripts in the Austrian National Library was produced. (J. Grusková)Zeugenunterschriften in byzantinischen Privaturkunden (Witness signatures in private documents from Byzantium): Creation of a database (FWF Project) (M. Schaller)Textedition allgemein (Text editions in genera)l: Organisation of an international workshop “Vom Codex zur Edition. Zu Fragen der Textkritik, Editionspraxis, Akzentuierung und Interpunktion” by E. Schiffer (IBF) and A. Giannouli (University of Cyprus) (10th to 11th December 2009)Der literarische Nachlass des Patriarchen Germanos II (The literary heritage of the patriarch Germanos II.): Study of his works (E. Schiffer)Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität: Fascicle 7

Centre for Medieval Studies (CMS)

Institute for Byzantine Studies

Head: Peter Soustal

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(Lemmata von =#�!=>��!�&� bis !?@&) is almost complete (C. Cupane, E. Schiffer, V. Zervan, E. Serafinova, S. Schönauer; Leader: k. M. E. Trapp)Byzantine epigrams from inscriptions (Leader: W. Hörandner): Vol. 1 “Epigramme auf Fresken und Mosaiken” (FWF Project) by A. Rhoby was published in 2009. Vol. 2 “Epigramme auf Ikonen und Objekten der Kleinkunst” will be published in 2010 (A. Rhoby). Vols. 3 „Epigramme auf Stein“ (A. Rhoby) and 4 „Inschriftliche Epigramme in Handschriften“ (R. Stefec, FWF Project) are in progress. The articles from the workshop on Byzantine epigrams was published in 2008 (A. Rhoby and W. Hörandner)Sigillographie: Corpus der byzantinischen metrischen Siegellegenden: Vol. 1 (A–Omikron) will shortly be completed(A. Wassiliou-Seibt)The cult of Mary in Byzantine society: “The Intercessory Function of Mary as the Original Catalyst for the Cult of Mary in Byzantine Society” (FWF Project) (L. M. Peltomaa)In the series Tabula Imperii Byzantini work was carried out on the following regions: Makedonien, südlicher Teil (TIB 11) (P. Soustal). – Ostthrakien (Eurōpē) (TIB 12) by A. Külzer was published in

2008. – Editing of the Byzantine regions of Lydia and Asia was begun (TIB 17 and 18) (A. Külzer). – Bithynien und Hellespont (TIB 13): the investigation of unpublished Roman Byzantine settlements by K. Belke (Survey Oct. 2009). – Karien (TIB 14): a study of the milestones and streets of Caria (F. Hild). – Makedonien, nördlicher Teil (TIB 16): Completion of the FWF Project “Macedonia, northern part” (Leader: J. Koder) and start of the FWF Project “Economy and regional trade routes in Northern Macedonia (12th–16th C)”; Testing on the application of Central Place Theory, Historic Landscape Characterisation and GIS for TIB (M. Popović). – The comprehensive manuscript for TIB 15 “Syria. Syria prōtē, Syria deutera und Syria Euphratēsia” is almost complete (K.-P. Todt and B.-A. Vest, both Mainz).

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BibliographyByzantinische Epigramme in inschriftlicher Über-lieferung: 1. Byzantinische Epigramme auf Fresken und Mosaiken. Erstellt von A. Rhoby (Veröffentli-chungen zur Byzanzforschung = VBF 15). Vienna 2009. 436 pages. 115 illustrations in tables.Die kulturhistorische Bedeutung byzantinischer Epigramme. Akten des internat. Workshop Wien, 1.-2. Dezember 2006. Ed. by W. Hörandner and A. Rhoby (VBF 14). Vienna 2008. 124 pages, 22 illustrations.Ch. Gastgeber (Ed.), Miscellanea Codicum Grae-corum Vindobonensium. Studien zu griechischen Handschriften in der Österreichischen Nationalbi-bliothek 1 (VBF 17). Vienna 2009. 136 pages.A. Külzer, Ostthrakien (Eurōpē) (TIB 12). Vienna 2008. 782 pages, 144 illustrations in tables, 2 maps.

J. Nesbitt, A.-K. Wassiliou-Seibt and W. Seibt, Highlights from the Robert Hecht, Jr., Collection of Byzantine Seals. Thessaloniki 2009.J. Preiser-Kapeller, Der Episkopat im späten Byzanz. Ein Verzeichnis der Metropoliten und Bischöfe des Patriarchats von Konstantinopel in der Zeit von 1204 bis 1453. Saarbrücken 2008. XXXV, XC, 552 pages.F. Dölger, Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des oströmischen Reiches I, 1. Halbband: Regesten 565–867, 2. Ed. with cooperation from J. Preis-er-Kapeller and A. Riehle managed by A. E. Müller. Munich 2009. XLIV, 262 pages.P. Soustal (Ed.), Heilige Berge und Wüsten. Byzanz und sein Umfeld. Referate auf dem 21. Internat. Kongress für Byzantinistik, London, 21st–26th Aug. 2006 (VBF 16). Vienna 2009. 87 pages, 21 tables.

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Aims and FunctionsThe institute is an internationally unique combination of two important fields of research in medieval history.

The first central area of research is the Early Middle Ages, for which the institute represents one of the most important focal points for the scientific community world-wide. Research focuses in particular on the development of ethnic and religious identities, the importance of nations in the political landscape of the Early Middle Ages, how texts came to be passed on and the semantic changes they underwent, as well as the development of new approaches to enable us to understand fundamental aspects of mediaeval Europe.

The other central area of research is the documentation, indexing, publication and editing of sources on the history of the Middle Ages, above all in collaboration with German academies and other institutions with a rich tradition of work in this field. This task is part of the work on research infrastructures for the field of history (editions, corpus works, dictionaries, handbooks), an area in which the Austrian Academy of Sciences has traditionally been very strong. Sustainable and long-term work with documentary material is the basis of research into both the historical context and the modern reception of the medieval past; it is linked to current discussions on research and is inspired by theoretical models from the social and cultural sciences. The linking of the two approaches at the institute creates important synergies and interesting stimuli, determining its position in the international world of research.

Results for 2008–2009The award of the Wittgenstein Prize to the Institute’s director, Walter Pohl, enabled an international team to conduct research into “Ethnic identities in early medieval Europe”, a particular point of interest being the comparison of ethnic processes in the West, in

Byzantium and in the Islamic region. What effects did Christianity and Islam have upon the concepts of community, identity and foreignness? This question was discussed at the “Visions of Community” conference in 2009, and has opened up a new and promising field of research. Interdisciplinary research was also conducted into the connection between language and identity in the Early Middle Ages: is language always the means by which peoples differentiate between one another? New conclusions about the biblical model of ethnically-based sovereignty were reached. Two fundamental volumes were published, one on the modern day application of medieval history (“Vergangenheit und

Institute for Medieval Research

Head: Walter Pohl

Fig. 1: The royal seal of King Sigismund dating from 1430.

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Vergegenwärtigung”), and the other on the question of state identity in the kingdoms of the 5th to the 11th centuries, “Der frühmittelalterliche Staat – Europäische Perspektiven”, which is the result of a dialogue on differences in national research traditions.

With the publication of the two volumes of inscriptions from Krems-Land (Lower Austria) and St. Veit an der Glan (Carinthia) in 2008, the Inscriptions working group was able to bring to an end two large-scale projects. These volumes contain a comprehensive documentation and commentary of all known inscriptions from the relevant area. Many more volumes are in progress, especially that relating to the rich stock of inscriptions in the area of Vienna-St. Stephan (Volume 1 up to

1520), including comprehensive material on long-lost inscriptions, as well as those covering the regions of Eferding (Upper Austria), Imst-Landeck-Reutte (Tyrol) und Hartberg-Weiz (Styria). These are being followed up with art historical analyses. The many possible kinds of environmental damage make filming as evidence increasingly important as an accurate documention of the appearance of as many Austrian inscriptions as possible. In addition to this, retro-digitisation was begun in 2008, the aim of which is to make the archive, which currently contains approximately 14,500 analogue photographs of inscriptions, available in digital form.

With regard to the Regesta Imperii, work on the regesta (= scientific abstracts on the activities of the rulers) of the

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Holy Roman Emperors and Kings Konrad III, Frederick I, Albrecht I, Wenceslaus, Sigismund, Frederick III and Maximilian I continued apace, alongside complimentary research. In 2008 the volume on King Konrad III (died 1152) was published, containing 790 regesta and a comprehensive study on this king’s reign. Conference proceedings on foreign policy in the Late Middle Ages should provide the impetus for further work in this field. A large-scale project on the reign and charters of Emperor Sigismund, in which researchers from three countries are collecting material from Austria, the Czech Republic and Hungary, is being financed by third party funds. In 2009 work was completed on the 4th sub-volume of the regesta of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (died 1190), which deals with the last years of his reign, ending with his death on the 3rd Crusade. Emperor Frederick III (+1493), who is very important for Austria, is also the subject of a new project. These volumes provide a unique overview of many previously inaccessible sources for the study of central European medieval history.

Completing the collection of material was the central task with regard to the Monumenta Germaniae Historica edition on the charters of King Philipp of Swabia (1198–1208), necessitating visits to archives in Austria, Switzerland and Italy. A second focal point was the editing of the charters, two-thirds of which have been completed. In May 2008 an international symposium was organised on the 800th anniversary of the assassination of King Philipp of Swabia. The murder remains unsolved, and throws up many questions on its background, the factions, changing allegiances, conflict resolution and mediation during the German “Thronstreit”, the dispute over the German throne between Philipp and the Guelph Otto IV. The king’s personality and reign were also discussed.

BibliographyDas Reich der Vandalen und seine Vorgeschiche(n), ed. Guido Berndt and Roland Steinacher (Forschun-gen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 13, Vienna 2008).Vergangenheit und Vergegenwärtigung. Frühes Mittelalter und europäische Erinnerungskultur, ed. Helmut Reimitz and Bernhard Zeller (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 14, Vienna 2009).Der frühmittelalterliche Staat – europäische Per-spektiven, ed. Walter Pohl and Veronika Wieser (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 16, Vienna 2009).Walter Pohl, Die ethnische Wende des Frühmit-telalters und ihre Auswirkungen auf Ostmittel-europa. Oskar-Halecki-Vorlesung 2006 (Leipzig 2008).Walter Pohl, Rome and the Barbarians in the Fifth Century, in: Antiquité Tardive 16 (2008) 93-101.Die Inschriften des Politischen Bezirks Krems, bearbeitet von Andreas Zajic (Die Deutschen In-schriften, Vienna 2008).Die Inschriften des Politischen Bezirks St. Veit an der Glan, bearbeitet von Friedrich W. Leitner (Die Deutschen Inschriften, Vienna 2008).J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii IV. Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Lothar III. und Konrad III. 2. Teil Konrad III. 1093/94 (1138) – 1152, bearbeitet von Jan Paul Niederkorn unter Mitarbeit von Ka-rel Hruza (Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2008)Wolfram Ziegler, König Konrad III. (1138-1152). Hof, Urkunden und Politik (Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii 26, Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2008)Außenpolitisches Handeln im späten Mittelal-ter: Akteure und Ziele, ed. Sonja Dünnebeil and Christine Ottner (Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Re-gesta Imperii 27, Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2008).


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Aims and FunctionsThe aim of the institute is the research into the daily life of the Middle Ages and the early modern period based on the analysis of material culture. “Realienkunde” deals with the multifold net of relations between humans and objects to find out historical life patterns which always have happened “amidst things”. The institute is the only research centre in Europe that concentrates on this kind of basic historical analysis.

The members of the institute study the use of things (production, application, perception, significance), the patterns of meaning that are constituted by the relations of objects, the group- and gender-specific area of action and the patterns of behaviour which are symbolised by material objects. Surviving objects, images and texts are the sources for these studies. The variety of evidence (different types of images, pragmatic literature, poetry, archaeological finds, etc.) necessitates interdisciplinary approaches. At the moment, the research fellows of the institute represent the disciplines of archaeology, history, art history, history of German literature, and theology.

The research covers the systematic documentation of material traces of the Middle Ages and the early modern period in all the mentioned types of sources, their analysis with regard to the reality and structures of daily life, and the adaptation of the results for a broader interested public. The photographic documentation and systematic processing of visual and archaeological objects are of central interest for the institute.

Results for 2008–2009The research area 2AB1CD� EACB�DF6065AF covers database and edition projects of visual, textual and archaeological sources. The image database “REALonline” represents the most important documentation project of the institute. It currently

consists of the digitised images of circa. 23,000 visual sources and artefacts and represents an indispensable tool for any research in the field. In 2009, the database was integrated in the so-called Austrian Cultural Pool (‘KULTURPOOL. Österreichs Portal zu Kunst, Kultur und Bildung’ – www.kulturpool.at); the capability to pose questions in English to REALonline was implemented. The photographic campaigns of the institute were successfully continued in Franconia. The documentation of written sources has been concentrating on the late medieval urban testaments from Vienna and Korneuburg. With regard to the Viennese evidence, the fourth volume covering the years 1412–1417 was published in 2009. The database “Rechtsaltertümer-online (RAT)” (online since 2008) represents an important step towards better documentation of legal historical sources and monuments.

The projects of the research area “Spaces of Living and the Worlds of Things” are dealing with the object-bound and space-bound structures of daily life. Case studies of Middle High German poetry have concentrated on the phenomenon “Street” as a space of communication and encounter. The research into “Cultures of Housing” connects projects concerning the décor, function and perception of rooms. The documentation and publication of castles in the “Niederösterreichischen Burgenbuch”, which was continued in 2008–2009, represents a basis for the research of concepts of inner and outer space in housing concepts of the nobility. The interdisciplinary dissertation project “The Order of Space” is dealing with the housing of the nobility in castles from the perspectives of archaeology, history and history of German literature to present a broad picture of aristocratic housing culture. An interdisciplinary database was developed that will offer good possibilities for the comparative analyses of the archaeological, literary and inventory evidence. Two new projects

Institute for Medieval and Early Modern Material Culture

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concentrate on the analyses of interiors. For an analysis of stove tiles and their character as an image medium, the material from the Styrian Federal Region Museum (Graz) and the Salzburg Federal Region Museum were documented. The motives of the cycle of wall paintings which were uncovered in the so-called Gozzoburg in Krems in 2006/2007 were analysed and could be identified as representations of the legend of “Barlaam and Josaphat”.

The research area “Signs – Actions – Meanings” is dealing with the analysis of patterns of thoughts, signs and actions on the basis of written and visual sources. This is realised for aspects of daily life in the sources of the papal Penitentiary, with regard to the symbol-loaded and contradictory figure of the “fool”, and with regard to gender-specific aspects of the portraits of married couples.

The project “Virtual Mediation” aims to make the results of research at the institute available for a broader public. In this context the project part “Memory of the Region”, which is implemented for the Lower Austrian Federal Region Museum, was continued (curatorship of the exhibition “Schätzereich – Schicksalreich – Niederösterreich”; support in the museum’s presentation of regional history).

The institute continued the organisation of international meetings with two round table discussions; “Images, Ritual and Daily Life” (2008) and “The Art of Fencing: State of the Art and Perspectives of the Research into Early Modern Wrestling and Fencing Treatises (2009)”. The institute was also one of the co-organisers of the congress of the Centre of Medieval Studies of the Austrian Academy on “Fragments. Dealing with Defective Source Evidence in Medieval Studies”. Moreover, the institute was the host and organiser for a meeting of CARMEN (Co-operative for the Advancement of Research through a Medieval European Network).

Bibliography„Ich bin also worden gris“ – Altersverständnis im Spätmittelalter. Historische Sozialkunde 4/2008 (mit Beiträgen von Helmut Hundsbichler, Ger-hard Jaritz, Isabella Nicka, Elisabeth Vavra).Gerhard Jaritz/Christian Neschwara (Ed.), Die Wiener Stadtbücher 1395–1430, Teil 4: 1412–1417 (Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, 3. Abt.: Fontes iuris 10/4). Wien-Köln-Weimar 2009.Thomas Kühtreiber (Ed.), Burgen. Waldviertel, Wachau, Mährisches Thayatal, 2. überarb. u. erw. Aufl. Wien, 2009.Elisabeth Vavra (Ed.), Alterskulturen des Mittel-alters und der frühen Neuzeit (Veröffentlichun-gen des Instituts für Realienkunde des Mittelal-ters und der frühen Neuzeit 21 = ÖAW phil.-hist. Kl. 780). Wien 2008.Jasmine Wagner, Der „Goldene Ofen“ von Stift Altenburg. Ein Beitrag zur kunsthistorischen ar-chäologischen und handwerksgeschichtlichen For-schung anhand eines spätmittelalterlichen Fund-komplexes. Graz, Univ. Diss. 2009.Gertrud Blaschitz, Wandmalereien im Freskensaal der „Gozzoburg“ Krems. Josaphat und Ottokar II. Přemysl? In: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Kunst und Denkmalpflege 62 (2008) 565–582.Gertrud Blaschitz, Unterwegs in der mittelhoch-deutschen Epik des 12. und 13. Jahrhunderts. Das sprachliche und literarische Erscheinungsbild von Weg und Straße in der Heldenepik, im Frauen-

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dienst des Ulrich von Liechtenstein und im Helm-brecht von Wernher dem Gärtner. In: Thomas Sz-abó (Ed.), Die Welt der europäischen Straße. Von der Antike bis in die Frühe Neuzeit. Köln-Weimar-Wien 2009, 185–214. Helmut Hundsbichler, Dichte Überlieferung und dichte Beschreibung. In: Barbara Scholkmann – Sören Frommer (Ed. u. a.), Zwischen Tradition und Wandel. Archäologie des 15. und 16. Jahrhun-derts. Büchenbach 2009, 17–24.Ingrid Matschinegg, Aspekte der Alltagsorganisa-tion in studentischen Lebensumgebungen am Be-

ginn der frühen Neuzeit. In: Barbara Krug-Richter und Ruth-E. Mohrmann (Ed.), Frühneuzeitliche Universitätskulturen. Kulturhistorische Perspekti-ven auf die Hochschulen in Europa (Beihefte zum Archiv für Kulturgeschichte 65). Köln–Weimar–Wien 2009, 97–108.Elisabeth Vavra, Die Zeichensprache der Krankheit. In: Cordula Nolte (Ed.), Homo debilis. Behinderte – Kranke – Versehrte in der Gesellschaft des Mittelalters (Studien und Texte zur Geistes- und Sozialgeschichte des Mittelalters 3). Korb 2009, 393–410.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts – being the sole institution of this kind in Austria – dedicates itself to the scientific classification of the estimated 20,000 medieval manuscripts that are stored in Austrian libraries; this is achieved through the publication of printed catalogues as well as the publication of descriptions of medieval manuscripts and various resources for cataloguing

manuscripts on the internet. The web portal “Mittelalterliche Handschriften in österreichischen Bibliotheken” shall become the central entry point for research on manuscripts in Austrian libraries within the next few years.

Besides main catalogues that provide detailed descriptions of content, codicology, history, and illuminations of all the manuscripts of a certain collection, special catalogues on illuminated or German-language manuscripts in Austrian libraries are published in the series “Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Schrift- und Buchwesen des Mittelalters”.

The project “Schriftgut aus dem Umkreis der Universität Wien von 1365 bis 1500” gathers the manuscripts collected in Austrian libraries that emerged from the environment of the University of Vienna but is also aimed at the critical edition of the “Acta Facultatis Artium”.

The research results of the long-term projects „WZMA – Wasserzeichen des Mittelalters“, „Mittelalterliche Handschriften in lateinischer Schrift in und aus Slowenien“ and „Hebräische Handschriften und Fragmente in österreichischen Biblitoheken“ as well as the „Bibliography zu mittelalterlichen Handschriften in Österreich“ will be published exclusively on the internet. It will be accessible freely and free of charge, following the idea of „open access“.

The web portal “Mittelalterliche Handschriften in österreichsichen Bibliotheken”,” that has been developed since 2007 in cooperation with the Austrian National Library, will be extended in the medium term into an online database of all medieval manuscripts in Austrian libraries with multi-aspect search criteria. Manuscript descriptions, being a part of ongoing cataloguing projects, as well as addenda and corrigenda of already

Commission of Paleography and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria

Head: Otto Kresten

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published descriptions, will be made accessible to the scientific community via this web portal.

Results for 2008–2009Work on the cataloguing projects at Innsbruck, Klosterneuburg, Melk, and Nonnberg/Salzburg was continued according to plan. Two volumes of the catalogue of manuscripts at the university library of Innsbruck (Cod. 401–600) were published. A manuscript with descriptions of Cod. 201–300 for the third volume of the catalogue of manuscripts at Klosterneuburg Monastery was completed by the end of 2009 (Fig. 1).

The catalogue of Islamic illuminated manuscripts held by the Austrian National Library was completed in 2008. The manuscripts for catalogues vol. IV and V, comprising Central European manuscripts from circa. 1380 to 1450 (Mitteleuropäische Schulen), have been prepared for print whilst research for volume VII of the series was continued. Cataloguing work is now mainly focussing on book production of the 2nd half of the 15th Century. From the mid-century on not only the traditionally hand written books, but also printed incunabula were enriched with painted decoration. In reviewing the approximately 8,000 incunabula of the Austrian-National Library about 1,800 volumes with book decoration were determined. Another emphasis was placed upon the photographic documentation of the manuscripts and incunabula to be catalogued; by the end of 2009 approx. 75,000 digital photographs were made (Fig. 2).

In addition to the cataloguing work at the National Library in Vienna two similar projects are dedicated to the manuscript holdings of the University Library in Graz and the Upper Austrian State Library in Linz. The first Graz volume was ready for print by the end of 2009, it covers the illuminated manuscripts from about 1400 to 1550. Additionally, two monographs on the “Willehalm Codex” of the Bohemian King Wenceslas IV (1362–1419) and the so-called “Lehrbücher-Meister” were handed over to the editor (Austrian Academy of Sciences) by the end of 2009 and will be published in early 2010. Regarding electronic publications, the short inventory of illuminated manuscripts and incunabula of the Abbey Library Herzogenburg with art historian expertises and numerous pictures has to be mentioned. It can be found at the website of the Otto Pächt Archiv under the heading “Material” (http://paecht-archiv.univie.ac.at) and is also associated with the web portal “manuscripta.at”.

As part of the EU-project “Bernstein: The memory of Papers” and in collaboration with the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, a provisional online version of the watermark repertory of Gerhard Piccard was published on the commission’s website.

Since the end of 2007 the commission has taken part in the project “Hebrew Manuscripts and Fragments in Austrian Libraries” which is integrated into the pan-European project “Hebrew Fragments in European Libraries” consisting of nine countries in cooperation

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Christine Glaßner, Josef Oesch (Ed.): Fragmenta Hebraica Austriaca. Akten der Session ‚Hebrew Manuscripts and Fragments in Austrian Libraries‘ des International Meeting der Society of Biblical Literature in Wien am 26. Juli 2007 (Sitzungsbe-richte der phil.-hist. Klasse 783), Wien 2009.Daniela Mairhofer, Walter Neuhauser, Michaela Rossini, Claudia Schretter: Katalog der Hand-schriften der Universitätsbibliothek Innsbruck, Cod. 401-500. (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 365). Mit CD-ROM. Wien 2008.Daniela Mairhofer, Walter Neuhauser, Claudia Schretter, Ursula Stampfer: Katalog der Handschrif-ten der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol in Innsbruck, Cod. 501-600. (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 375). Mit CD-ROM. Wien 2009.Régionalisme et Internationalisme - Problèmes de Paléographie et de Codicologie du Moyen Âge. Ac-tes du XVe Colloque du Comité International de Pa-léographie Latine (Vienne, 13-17 Septembre 2005), édités par O. Kresten et Franz Lackner (Denkschrif-ten der phil.-hist. Klasse 364). Wien 2008.Martin Wagendorfer: Die Schrift des Eneas Silvius Pic-colomini (Studi e Testi 441). Città del Vaticano 2008.Ochsenkopf und Meerjungfrau – Wasserzeichen des Mittelalters. Begleitheft und Katalog zur Aus-stellung des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg, Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart und der Österreichi-schen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Kommission für Schrift- und Buchwesen des Mittelalters, Wien. Stuttgart 2006 (71 Seiten). – Third Edition in Ger-man and English. Stuttgart, Wien 2009.Eneas Silvius Piccolomini, Historia Austrialis (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum. Nova Series 24), herausgegeben von Julia Knödler und Martin Wagendorfer. 2 vol., Hannover 2009.

with the Jewish National and University Library of Jerusalem. Images of the Hebrew text fragments in Austria recorded so far have been available in an online catalogue on the website of the Commission of Paloegraphy and Codicology of Medieval Manuscripts in Austria since 2007 (Fig. 3). Results and future plans of the project have been published in 2008 (see below).

Cataloguing of manuscripts concerning the medieval University of Vienna was continued in the libraries of St. Florian and Seitenstetten. A manuscript with descriptions of manuscripts of the old Viennese University Library, today preserved in the library of Seitenstetten, was completed by the end of 2009 and will be published in 2010. The critical edition of the medieval “Acta Facultatis Artium II” (the acts of the Arts faculty of the Viennese university, comprising the years 1416–1447) was started with the transcription of the first part of the text.

In collaboration with the Austrian National Library the web portal “Medieval manuscripts in Austrian libraries” was created. It offers access to a number of digitized manuscript catalogues and a cumulative index of authors and initia of medieval texts in Austrian manuscripts. Currently, the index comprises approximately 170,000 records and will be upgraded continually.

BibliographyDorothea Duda: Islamische Handschriften II, Teil 2: Die Handschriften in türkischer Sprache (Denk-schriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 363). Wien 2008. Christine Glaßner: Neuzeitliche Handschriften aus dem Nachlaß der Brüder Bernhard und Hieronymus Pez in der Bibliothek des Benediktinerstiftes Melk (Denkschriften der phil.-hist. Klasse 372). Wien 2008.


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Aims and FunctionsThe main task and top priority of the work of the commission is the study of the history of the Habsburg Monarchy in the era of Francis Joseph (1848–1918) and the scientific presentation of the results in texts based on international cooperation. Up to now, nine volumes have existed; two further volumes are being prepared or are in planning: “Culture and Civilization: Inner Meaning and Way of Life” and “The First World War and the Reorganization of (East)Central Europe”.In addition to and in continuation of the results of its previous endeavours, the commission is pursuing the following projects: “The members of the Austrian/Cisleithanian Parliament 1848–1918. Key dates for the history of political elites in Habsburg (East)Central Europe”; “Elections to the Austrian/Cisleithanian Parliaments 1848–1911”; and “Joseph Alexander von Helfert: his diaries, memoirs and political correspondence”.

In bringing together a team of 25 to 35 scholars from different European and non-European countries for each volume, the commission also forms a primary centre for “Habsburg studies”, a scientific field well established far beyond the Republic of Austria. By ana-lyzing central themes of the conflict-ridden history of (East)Central Europe, for example “The Nationalities of the Hapsburg Empire” (1980) or “Constitution and Parliamentarianism” (2000), the commission has suc-ceeded in making a significant contribution, interna-tionally renowned, to a discussion which also touches on the process of European unification.

Starting with June 1, 2008, the Commission has taken over the editing of the “Minutes of the Austrian Council of Ministers 1848–1867” and the “Minutes of the Common Council of Ministers 1867–1918” from the former Austrian Institute of East and Southeast European Studies. The Austrian as well as the Common

Council of Ministers was the focus of all governmental activities. Thus, the Minutes of the Council of Ministers offer an important historical source for the general history of the Habsburg Monarchy. Editing takes place in close cooperation with the Historical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which – in collaboration with the Austrian side – edits the “Minutes of the Common Council of Ministers 1867–1918”.

Results for 2008–2009The completion of the project “Social Structures” stood at the centre of the commission’s activities. The two volumes, which form part of the series “The Habsburg Monarchy 1848–1918”, will be presented to the public in 2010.

In Part 1, 36 authors trace the path from a “feudal-agrarian to a civil-industrial society”. Starting with an exposition of the basic prerequisites of the “Industrial Revolution” within the Habsburg, the living space, professional life and “zones of production” determined by socio-economic factors are looked at, followed by a discussion of those social formations experiencing transition from a feudal society to one consisting of classes and then by the treatment of those formations existing “beyond classes”. A separate section is devoted to the social change as a political challenge, a theme particularly relevant in a phase of a radical change from an elitist society to a mass society and the demise of liberal economics and values. Several statistics based on the results of the various censuses round off Part 1.

Part 2 “The Society of the Habsburg Monarchy in Cartographic Representation. Thematic Maps on Administrative, Social and Economic Structures according to the Census of 1910”, edited by Helmut Rumpler and Martin Seger, offers, on 96 maps, a comprehensive stocktaking of the social structures of

Centre for Research on Modern and Contem�porary History (CMC)

Commission for the History of the Habsburg Monarchy

Head: Helmut Rumpler

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the Habsburg Monarchy on the eve of the First Wold War. As a result of an interdisciplinary concurrence between historians and social geographers and international cooperation, a product was achieved that surpasses a mere documentation and illustration of contents offered in part 1. The treatment of the entire Habsburg Monarchy breaks new ground, thematically and methodically, and allows comparative statements to be made on interdependent, converging and differing developments in a large region which is politically structured in a most complex way. (Fig. 1)

Within the scope of the project “The members of the Austrian/Cisleithanian Parliament 1848–1918: A Col-lective Biography” first results have been presented as to the changing social composition of Parliament, continu-ity or change within that body, its network, as well as

the political importance of the members of Parliament. A databank containing information on more than 3,500 parliamentarians and filling more than 10,000 pages forms the basis for further and more penetrating inter-pretations. These studies will result in a “Biographical Handbook of the Members of the Austrian/Cisleitha-nian Parliament 1848–1918” which is in preparation.

In the series “Studien zur Geschichte der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie” the editing of the book by Catherine Horel, “Soldiers between National Fronts: The Dissolution of the Military Border and the Development of the Royal-Hungarian Honvéd in Croatia-Slavonia 1868–1914” was completed and in the fall of 2009 the book was presented to the public at a meeting organized by the Military Academy in Vienna. (Fig. 2).

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In the course of the project “Minutes of the Austrian Council of Ministers 1848–1867” vol. IV/3, the Rechberg administration, (the 23rd of the whole series) came off the press in June 2009. The main topic of this volume is the implementation of the so called “October-Diploma” of October 20, 1860, by which the era of neoabsolutism came to an end and which opened up the constitutional era of the HapsburgMonarchy. All the protocols of the entire Rechberg administration are now available in print. The editing of the manuscript of vol. II/4, the Schwarzenberg administration, was completed and it has been submitted to the publication committee. The draft manuscript of the last volume pertaining to the the Schwarzenberg administration, vol. II/5, has been finished. Work on Vol. III/6, the Buol-Schauenstein administration, is being continued. (Fig. 3)

Due to finances offered by the FWF, preliminary works for the editing of the “Minutes of the Austri-an/Cisleithanian Council of Ministers 1867–1918” have begun. The first task is to ensure the textual basis of the individual minutes; these protocols are part of the so called “Brandakten” (documents which have been partly destroyed, partly damaged

by fire), therefore the editing of these documents poses a number of specific problems.

As Austrian contribution to this project and, again due to financial aid by the FWF, vol. VI (1908–1914) of the “Minutes of the Common Council of Ministers 1867–1918 has been finished and handed over to the Historical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for publication.

BibliographyHelmut Rumpler, Peter Urbanitsch (Hgg.), Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918 IX: Soziale Struk-turen. 1. Teil: Von der feudal-agrarischen zur bürger-lich-industriellen Gesellschaft (Wien 2010, in Druck).Helmut Rumpler, Peter Urbanitsch (Hgg.), Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848-1918 IX: Soziale Strukturen. 2. Teil: Die Gesellschaft der Habsbur-germonarchie im Kartenbild. Verwaltungs-, So-zial- und Infrastrukturen. Nach dem Zensus von 1910, bearbeitet von Helmut Rumpler und Martin Seger (Wien 2010, in Druck).Die Protokolle des österreichischen Minis-terrates 1848-1867 IV: Das Ministerium Rechberg

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Fig. 3: First page of the minutes of the session of the Council of Min-��(��>X��(��@��*��Z�� '8��^��;�%��0��(��>X��@�� (�Y�� (��#�-cably renouncing the sole right of legislature. This act meant the end of neoabsolutism and the beginning of the constitutional era of the ^�(�(�� ;�� ^�� ^�� D��#�� O�(�-nettskanzlei; edited in: The Minutes of the Austrian Council of Min-��>=>��>X��#� ��)�!"+��(��<�� D��#

Bd.3: 30. Oktober 1860-2.Februar 1861. Bearbeitet und eingeleitet von Stefan Malfèr (Wien 2009).Catherine Horel, Soldaten zwischen nationa-len Fronten: Die Auflösung der Militärgrenze und die Entwicklung der königlich-ungarischen Land-wehr (Honvéd) in Kroatien-Slawonien 1868-1914 (= Studien zur Geschichte der österreichisch-unga-rischen Monarchie XXXI, Wien 2009).Helmut Rumpler, Österreichs Zeitgeschichte im Rahmen „deutscher Kontinuität“? In: Gerhard Botz,Gerald Sprengnagel (Hgg.), Kontroversen um Österreichs Zeitgeschichte. Verdrängte Ver-gangenheit, Österreich-Identität, Waldheim und die Historiker (= Studien zur historischen Sozial-wissenschaft 13, 2. erweiterte Auflage Frankfurt/New York 2008; Erstauflage 1994), 353-366.Andreas Gottsmann, Die Katholische Kirche und die nationalen Partikularismen in der Donau-monarchie. Habilitationsschrift (= Publikationen des Historischen Instituts beim Österreichischen Kulturforum in Rom, Wien 2010, in Druck).Andreas Gottsmann, Parteipolitik und katho-lische Kirche in der Donaumonarchie. Das poli-tische Engagement des Anton B. Jeglič und die Diplomatie des Hl. Stuhls. Römische Historische Mitteilungen 51 (2009), 317-336.Andreas Gottsmann, Archivbericht: „Finis Austriae“ im Archiv der Kongregation für außer-ordentliche kirchliche Angelegenheiten (Affari Ec-clesiastici Straordinari), in: Römische Historische Mitteilungen 50 (2008), 541-552.Peter Urbanitsch, Anton Bruckner, das liebe Geld, die Wiener Gesellschaft und die Politik; in: Anton Bruckners Wiener Jahr, hrsg. von Renate Grasberger, Elisabeth Maier, Erich Wolfgang Partsch (= Wiener Bruckner Studien 1, Wien 2009), 301-330.Stefan Malfèr, Eine Diskussion über Dalmatien in einer Wiener Zeitschrift im Vormärz, in Stefano Aloe (Hg), Die slavischen Grenzen Mitteleuropas. Festschrift für Sergio Bonazza (= Die Welt der Slaven, Sammelbände 34). München 2008, 111-119.


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Aims and FunctionsThe challenge facing historical science lies in expanding the horizon of perception and explanation, above all by embedding local, regional and supraregional phenomena in a broader context than that of Central Europe. The standards in this respect are determined by internationality, innovation and excellence.

The work undertaken concerned 1) the question of the inner complexity and efficiency of the Austrian monarchy as a composite political system, with a high priority attached to comparison; 2) increasingly the reception of Anglo-American imperial research, which currently is the only one that permits a systematic access to the “globality” of the problem; 3) the development of the European system of states between the Second World War, the formation of blocs and detente using archive material still to be processed and methodological approaches; in addition, 4) work begun in 1990 (at that time still outside the Historical Commission) was continued on a comprehensive publication covering the main principles of Austrian foreign policies in the interwar period.

The progress achieved on the work recently made a thematic reorganisation necessary, with now a greater emphasis on questions that also permit diachronic comparison over long periods of time. The specialisation State and governance in the modern age examines the “compression of governance” and the formation of the “modern” (European) concept of statehood that primarily depends on the ability to conduct war and to provide the preconditions necessary for it. The often crisis-ridden establishment of the modern bureaucratic state in the 19th century then led to new and additional state functions in the fields of the economy and social policy. The specialisation in International relations in the modern age -- International history of the modern age is an attempt to bundle political, social and cultural

history. This is a discipline that is in the process of renewal in the light of globalisation. The opening of the European archives after 1989 switched researchers’ attention back to the Europe of the Cold War in the period between 1945 and 1989, the focus being on the phase of coexistence, i.e. the late 1950s and the 1960s, and the relationships between medium-sized and small countries in these years.

Results for 2008–2009The preparation, in particular in terms of content, and the holding of the international conference on “The Revolutions of 1989” formed an important focal point of activity in the period under review. Both the list of participants – over 30 internationally recognized experts from Europe and overseas and a number of contemporary witnesses who were directly and decisively involved as participants in events – and the very broad spectrum of the lectures and discussions mean that this event can be included among the world’s most important on the topic of 1989-2009.

It is thanks to the huge academic competence within the Historical Commission on the issues relating to the topic of the Cold War that it proved possible to bring together a group of experts that can be regarded as top quality even by global standards. As an example of the research results relating to the topic, mention should be made here of Michael Portmann’s work on the Communist revolution in the Vojvodina, which inter alia also shows the failure of the interaction between state authority and society as a result of an increasing loss of trust.

The involvement in international discussion also took place in other topic areas such as the critical assessment of the concept of absolutism and the reassessment of the early modern nation-building, or with respect to the (not undisputed) question of how far it is possible

Historical Commission

Head: Arnold Suppan

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and necessary to go far beyond formal bilateral relationships in the examination of the international history of the modern age: one of the more important consequences was the publication of the results in very prominent international journals.

It is precisely the new questions just mentioned that are arousing interest in previously largely ignored source material, the processing of which in turn is conversely permitting both a critical assessment of existing views of history and new theoretical approaches. In this respect, as an example of the many ongoing projects, reference is made to that on “The Habsburg Monarchy and the Holy Land”, which also discusses the conflicts and convergences of interest of the major European powers in this geopolitically not unimportant region.

Secondly, mention should be made of the critical and commented editions of selected source material, rendering (internal and foreign) policy decision-making processes in the early modern period and in the more recent and most recent past more transparent and hence making a contribution to political culture.

The Academy’s three-year doctoral programme also allowed the successful involvement of junior researchers in the work of the Historical Commission. During the period under review, one dissertation (on Austrian-Slovakian relationships between 1945 and 1968) was completed and work commenced on three others (reports of the Graz Nuntiatur, Italian occupation policy in Yugoslavia 1941-1943, Austria and the GDR).

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BibliographyMichael Portmann, Die kommunistische Revolu-tion in der Vojvodina 1944–1952 (= Zentraleuro-pa-Studien 13, Vienna 2008)David Schriffl, Michal Schvarc, Martin Ho-lák, (eds.), „Tretia ríša“ a vznik Slovenského Štátu. Dokumenty I. – Das „Dritte Reich“ und die Ent-stehung des Slowakischen Staates. Dokumente I. Ústav Pamäti Národa (Bratislava 2008)William D. Godsey, Nation, Government, and ‘Anti-Semitism’ in Early Nineteenth-Century Aus-tria. The Historical Journal, Vol. 51 (2008) 1–37.William D. Godsey, The Culture of Diplomacy and Reform in the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Of-fice, 1867-1914. In: Mösslang, Markus; Riotte, Torsten (Eds.), The Diplomats’ World: A Cultural History of Diplomacy, 1815–1914; Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press/German His-torical Institute London (2008) 59–81.

Wolfgang Mueller, Austria. In: van Dijk, Ruud; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremy; Zhai, Qiang. Eds. Encyclopaedia of the Cold War 1. London: Routledge, 2008, 50-52.Arnold Suppan, Wolfgang Mueller (Eds.), Peace-ful Coexistence or Iron Curtain? Austria, Neu-trality, and Eastern Europe in the Cold War and Détente, 1955–1989 (= Europa Orientalis 7, Vi-enna 2009)Ralph Kauz, Jan Paul Niederkorn, Giorgio Rota (eds.), Diplomatische Praxis und Zeremoniell in Europa und dem Mittleren Osten in der Frühen Neuzeit (= Sitzungsberichte der phil.-hist.-Klasse 796 bzw. Archiv für Österreichische Geschichte 141 bzw. Veröffentlichungen zur Iranistik 52, Vi-enna 2009)Gabriele Haug-Moritz, Hans Peter Hye, Marlies Raffler (eds.), Adel im „langen“ 18. Jahrhundert (=Zentraleuropa-Studien 14, Vienna 2009)Hans Peter Hye, Brigitte Mazohl, Jan Paul Nie-derkorn (eds.), Nationalgeschichte als Artefakt. Mystifizierung und Entmystifizierung nationaler Historiographien in Deutschland, Italien und Ös-terreich (= Zentraleuropa-Studien 12, Vienna 2009)Klaus Koch, Walter Rauscher, Arnold Suppan, Elisabeth Vyslonzil (eds.), Außenpolitische Dokumente der Republik Österreich 1918–1938, Vol. 8: 12. September 1931 – 23. Februar 1933 (= Fontes Rerum Austriacarum II/94, Vienna 2009)

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Aims and FunctionsThe main research direction of the Institute, as manda-ted by the academy, is the establishment of an Austrian Biographical Dictionary for the period 1815 to 1950 in book form. This lexicon can be considered the most important Austrian biographical work for the 19th and the first half of the 20th century and is even internati-onally recognised. A continuation of this lexicon from 1951, almost to the present day, which is of particular interest in the science of history not only in Austria, comprises appropriate material collections and records, presented through the online edition and the “Trans-versale” (E-Transverse) (see below). This sequel, as well as additions to and revision of the first volume, will appear at first exclusively online.

Created in 1989 by the Institute for the History of Jews in Austria, initiated and edited by Anna L. Staudacher, the Austrian Jewish Biography (ATJB) has continued at the Institute since 1996 as the Aus-trian Jewish Biographical Dictionary. The Austrian Jewish Biography is primarily a biographical dic-tionary, admission criteria is a Jewish birth, from a Jewish mother. The geographical scope of ATJB is determined by the historic borders of Austria, focu-sing on 1782 to 1914, from the age of emancipation to the end of the monarchy. A particular focus of this research was on the conversions and defections from the Jewish religion.


Projects and Interests In 2008 the 60th volume was finalized and presented in October, in 2009, the 61st volume was presented in November . The 62nd volume has been in progress since the autumn of 2009. Apart from the biographical-lexical and editorial work, the institute continues to evaluate and present material collected

in recent years objectively. This research focuses additionally onregional priorities especially on the issues of migration, exile and the history of science. The results of this work are manifested mainly in the “Schriftenreihe (papers) of the OBL”. In 2008 volume 11 was published (Burstyn, see below).

Exile and Emigration Research The task of the project is the study of the Austrian and German exile in the era of National Socialism with particular attention on biographical aspects. In addition to the biographical research the project deals with the conditions of exile in all facets of the problem of re-migration and with the employment of expatriates in the allied forces.

Biographical research on the history of science The general history of science in Austria has only two major institutional anchors, namely, the Austrian Society for History of Science (ÖGW) and the Commission for the History of Science, Mathematics and Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

The ÖGW cooperates closely with the Academy and the OBL Institute. For this reason, in the organization chart of the institute a research project on science history was established, considering especially the biographical aspect of the topics. In December 2009 the latest publication concerning this subject, “A view back to the universe” (a biographical collection of important astronomers in Austria,) was presented in the Austrian State Archives (Daniela Angetter, Nora Pärr).

On the occasion of 120 years of German dermatology, the history of Austrian dermatologists during the Nazi period was developed. The results of the research were reflected in the publication “History of the German Dermatology”, 2009.

Austrian Biographical Encyclopaedia and Biographical Documentation

Head: Ernsth Bruckmüller(until 31.12.2008: Helmuth Grössing)

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ATJB-Austrian Jewish Biography: source editions, bio-graphical collection - lexicon, database The research program ATJB – with the aim of the scientific analysis of previously unknown and unpub-lished sources – brings together a number of individual projects. The database ATJB-lexicon is an extended index database, which forms the basis for the short biographical notes for the source editions. In 2009 a volume on defections from Judaism edited by Anna L. Staudacher was published.

Digital Register - e-OBL - Online Edition - e-OBL - Bio-graphical Portal For the planned, searchable-in-full, text online edition of the OBL (so far only photo-PDF) by December 2008 all the printed volumes of OBL were XML-structured by an outside firm. By late December 2008 the 12th volume – for the moment still in a beta version – was placed on the publishing server. In cooperation with the publisher, a new layout for the online edition has been designed and implemented.

Since 2009 the access to this data in the network has been free of charge (pdf version only).

In February 2008, the first phase of the project develop-ment of the information management system “e-OBL” was completed and the production startup of the new system took place on February 28, 2008. As a result, some updates and general improvements (for example im-plementing an XML interface, extended analysis options and search functions) of the system have been undertak-en. In autumn 2009, the third project phase was started.

In 2008, the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (HLS) joined the project “Biographical Portal” as a fourth and equal partner. The working group set up in February 2008 designed the requirements for the joint presence on the web. The “portal” has been functioning since July 2008 ; the first launch took place on July 7, 2009 in Munich, the second (already with the Italian and French versions of the HLS) on November 11, 2009 in Vienna.

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E-Transverse After a lengthy lead time, many biographies have been finally edited and will be published on the academy’s internal intranet in 2010. The focus of the work mainly includes the letters A-C. The revision of these letters (additions, etc.) will complete the online edition in the autumn of 2010.

BibliographyAngetter, Daniela; Angetter, Ewald (2008) Gun-ther Burstyn (1879-1945) Sein „Panzer“ - Eine bahnbrechende Erfindung zur falschen Zeit am falschen Ort, In Reihe: Schriftenreihe des Öster-reichischen Biographischen Lexikons 11, 1. Aufl. (127 Seiten).Angetter, Daniela (2009) 150 Jahre Schlacht bei Solferino (I) Eine humantiäre Katastrophe, in: Truppendienst, Bd. 4 (2009), S. 296-303.Angetter, Daniela (2009) 150 Jahre Schlacht bei Solferino (II) Eine humantiäre Katastrophe, in: Truppendienst, Bd. 5 (2009), S. 392-394.

Angetter, Daniela; Holubar, Karl (2009) Die öster-reichische Dermatologie 1918-1945. In: Geschich-te der deutschsprachigen Dermatologie, hrsg. v. Albert Scholz u. a., (2009), S. 287-297.Angetter, Daniela; Pärr, Nora (2009) Blick zurück ins Universum. Die Geschichte der österreichi-schen Astronomie in Biografien, hrsg. v. Gene-raldirektion des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs; Wien, (321 Seiten)Grössing, Helmuth; Lebensaft, Elisabeth (Hrsg.) (2008) Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, 60. Lieferung. In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, hrsg. v. Ös-terreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissen-schaften (128 Seiten). Lebensaft, Elisabeth (Red.) (2009) Österreichi-sches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, 61. Liefe-rung. In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, hrsg. v. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (120 Seiten).Staudacher, Anna L. (2008) Kreuzel & Nockerln. Von Hand- und Todeszeichen. Hand- und To-deszeichen in seriellen Quellen des 19. Jhdts. In: Semiotik, Deutsch, Gesellschaft für (Hrsg.), Das Konkrete als Zeichen.Staudacher, Anna (2009) „… meldet den Austritt aus dem mosaischen Glauben“. 18000 Austritte aus dem Judentum in Wien, 1868 - 1914: Namen – Quellen – Daten (826 Seiten)Staudacher, Anna (2009) Die alten jüdische Kursive - Das Alphabet. Rituelle Namen in den Geburtenbüchern der IKG Wien. Maajan-Die Quelle. Zeitschrift für jüdische Familienforschung 22 (88 September 2008), 3160-3164

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Austrian Legal History (KRGÖ) is researching the legal history of Austria and its neighbouring countries in the larger context of the development of European law. Due to the history of Austria since the early Middle Ages, its focus has to be much wider than today’s Republic of Austria. The commission strives to develop the long-established field of legal history in the direction of a multi-disciplinary and independent science between legal and historical studies. Its research field includes medieval and modern legal history as well as contemporary legal history. This wide chronological framework is essential for the investigation of fundamental, long-term processes. Therefore, the KRGÖ’s field of interest transcends that of the Centre for Research on Modern and Contemporary History (ZNZ), of which it forms a part.

The key issue of the KRGÖ is to provide editions of legal sources, which are published in the series Fontes Iuris, section 3 of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) series Fontes Rerum Austriacarum (FRA). Up to now, only volumes about municipal statutes and rural legal documents (e.g. land registers) have been published. Over the last few years, however, new sorts of sources, such as testaments and court records, have been included on the agenda. The KRGÖ’s editorial work provides basic research not only for legal history, but also for several neighbouring disciplines.

In addition to that, the KRGÖ is undertaking re-search projects which contribute to long term research focuses. These projects are conducted within national and international networks and mostly financed by funding organizations (e.g. Austrian Science Fund, FWF). Currently, the KRGÖ is doing research into the Imperial Aulic Council (16th century to 1806), cooperating with the Austrian State Archives, the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (Germany) and

the Case Law Academy in Amsterdam (Nether-lands). Besides its own research work, the KRGÖ is organizing conferences and presentations, answering questions and enquiries and giving expert opinions. As the only non-university research institute for legal history in Austria, it also serves as a centre of com-centre of com-of com-munication, cooperating with numerous national and international institutions.

Results for 2008–2009As to the GAF6D2�5B152, in 2008 and 2009 three volumes were published. First, there was a publication on the legal framework for the administration of an early modern Grundherrschaft (Winkelbauer, Gundaker von Liechtenstein). The second volume was the edition of a land register of the late Middle Ages (Feigl/Stockinger, Maissau), the third, the forth volume of the Wiener Stadtbücher (Jaritz/Neschwara). The manuscript of the first of two volumes of the edition of the so called Protocollum Testamentorum of the town of Bratislava has been completed, presenting about 450 burgher’s testaments, dating from 1410 to 1529 (Judit Majorossy/Katalin Szende, Budapest). After the FWF’s grant for printing costs, the book is to appear in print in 2010. The same holds for the edition of the interrogation protocols of the famous robber, Johann Georg Grasel, (Winfried Platzgummer, Vienna), the printing costs of which are meanwhile almost covered. Work has been started on manuscripts about last wills of noblewomen from Lower Austria (Beatrix Bastl, Vienna), about burgher’s testaments from Trnava (Adriana Švecová, Trnava) and about criminal jurisdiction in the town of Wiener Neustadt (Helga Rist, Wiener Neustadt). The new construction of the KRGÖ since 2007, which allows the manuscripts to be revised by the KRGÖ’s own staff, has fully proved its worth.

In May 2008, the KRGÖ’s application to the FWF for funding for the project Appeals to the Imperial Aulic Council (1519-1740) has been approved. Therefore,

Commission for Austrian Legal History

Head: Werner Ogris

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the commission’s research focus on this important imperial institution, started in 2004 with a project on its formation phase – meanwhile completed – can be followed up and a new member of staff can be taken on. In addition to that, work on the Imperial Aulic Council’s records, carried through by the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (Germany) in cooperation with the Austrian State Archives and the KRGÖ, has continued. The first volume of a new finding aid developed by the project has been published; two further volumes have gone to press and are likely to appear in 2010. After the London publisher Third Millennium Information (TMI) joined the partnership, the project of the Case Law Academy in Amsterdam (Netherlands) to produce a highly prestigious volume on Europe’s Supreme Courts, conducted in cooperation with numerous institutions all over Europe including the KRGÖ, is in its decisive phase.

As to international conferences organized by the KRGÖ, the symposium Die Habsburgermonarchie auf dem Weg zum Rechtsstaat? in May 2008 has to be mentioned. The two-day symposium brought together scientists from Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland to discuss their findings. The conference has also been a new initiative of the long-standing co operation with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA). An essay collection presenting the conference’s lectures is ready to be printed. The proceedings of the second international conference of the KRGÖ in 2008-2009, a three-day symposium on Hans Kelsen in April 2009, organized in cooperation

with the Hans Kelsen-Institute, has already been published (Hans Kelsen: Leben – Werk – Wirksamkeit). There have been contributions from Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Switzerland and the US. A third conference, which took place in November 2009, was initiated by the KRGÖ’s recent research work on last wills (Testamente aus der Habsburgermonarchie).

Research has also been done into the history of the KRGÖ’s predecessor, the Kommission für die Savigny-Stiftung (1864-1995) – a research focus of the KRGÖ recently adopted. Two essays have been published.

In addition to these activities, the head of the KRGÖ and its staff have answered enquiries, given expert opinions, carried through research work and participated in conferences in Austria and elsewhere (Ansbach, Berlin, Bratislava, Budapest, Göttingen, Granada, Lille, Luzern, Munich, Paris, Passau, Pécs, Prague, Stralsund, Trient, Wetzlar). Also, the KRGÖ has welcomed guests from Chile, Hungary, Japan and Slovakia.

BibliographyGerhard Jaritz/Christian Neschwara, Die Wiener Stadtbücher 1395-1430, vol. 4: 1412-1417 (Fontes Rerum Austriacarum, section 3: Fontes Iuris 10/4), Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 2009Helmuth Feigl/Thomas Stockinger, Die Urbare der Herrschaften Maissau und Sonnberg anlässlich der Teilung des Erbes nach Georg von Eckartsau im Jahre 1497 (Fontes rerum Austriacarum, section 3: Fontes Iuris 20), Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 2008

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176

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Thomas Winkelbauer, Gundaker von Liech-tenstein als Grundherr in Niederösterreich und Mähren. Normative Quellen zur Verwaltung und Bewirtschaftung eines Herrschaftskom-plexes und zur Reglementierung des Lebens der Untertanen durch einen adeligen Grundherrn sowie zur Organisation des Hofstaats und der

Kanzlei eines „Neufürsten“ in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts (Fontes rerum Austriaca-rum, section 3: Fontes Iuris 19), Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 2008Wolfgang Sellert/Eva Ortlieb (eds.), Die Akten des Kaiserlichen Reichshofrats, series I: Alte Prager Ak-ten, vol. 1: A-D, Berlin 2009Eva Ortlieb, „Das Prozessverfahren in der For-mierungsphase des Reichshofrats (1519-1564)“, in: Peter Oestmann (ed.), Zwischen Formstrenge und Billigkeit. Forschungen zum vormodernen Zi-vilprozess (Quellen und Forschungen zur höchs-ten Gerichtsbarkeit im Alten Reich 56), Cologne-Weimar-Vienna 2009, 117-138Robert Walter/Werner Ogris/Thomas Olechowski (eds.), Hans Kelsen: Leben – Werk – Wirksamkeit (Schrif-tenreihe des Hans Kelsen-Instituts 32), Vienna 2009Werner Ogris, „Hans Kelsen redivivus?“, in: Nova &Varia. Zeitschrift des Juristenverbandes 2009/1, 7-9Werner Ogris, „Zum Erscheinen von Band 125 der Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsge-schichte“, in: ZRG GA 125 (2008) XXXI-XLVIII; „Die Savigny-Stiftung 1863-??“, in: ibid. 126 (2009) XXXVI-XLVIWerner Ogris/Thomas Olechowski, Elemente Eu-ropäischer Rechtskultur. Prvky európskej právnej kultúry, 2 vols., 2nd edition, Bratislava-Vienna 2009 (1st edition 2005)Werner Ogris, “Bernhard Walther (1516-1584). The Austrian jurisprudence in a strained connexion between customary law and ius commune”, in: Serge Dauchy (ed.), At the roots of European legal culture. Cross-border influences of legal literature in Early Modern Europe, Final Report to the European Science Foundation 2009


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Aims and FunctionsCombining excellence in research with politically relevant research questions is the principle guiding all research activities carried out by the VID’s international team of around 25 scientists.

The group working on the demography of Austria deals with population issues in the national and European context. Topics of interest are the structure and develop-ment of the Austrian population, in particular its fertil-ity, ageing, mortality, and education. The group special-ising in comparative European demography focuses on fertility, paying special attention to mothers’ rising age at childbearing. Subjects of interest at the macro-level are comparative analyses of time series from various coun-tries in Europe. At the micro-level, the emphasis has been on fertility intentions and ideals. Policy-relevant is-sues of demographic change have been researched to ad-vise the European Commission. The group dealing with population dynamics and forecasting carries out ground-breaking work by advancing the methods of population forecasting and simulation of demographic processes. Its main fields of work include probabilistic forecasting, multi-state models, developing software for projections, and general theoretical concepts of population dynamics.

The population economics group studies the economic consequences of ageing (both at population and individual level) in Europe, focusing on the impact on the labour market, productivity and economic growth. Other areas of research include the use of age- and duration-specific models for population dynamics and demo-economic issues, as well as developing agent-based models in demography.

Emerging units are designated to strengthen the VID’s capacities in research into health, morbidity and mortality as well as in the interface of education and demography.

The scientific results are published in the refereed Vienna Yearbook of Population Research and other top-level series.

Results for 2008–2009The presentation of VID’s scientific work is mainly by research groups. In the demography of Austria the focus is on analysing two longitudinal data sets, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS). First results of the GGS reveal surprisingly high fertility intentions with two children on average. The model of choice is the two-child-family while 25% prefer having three children. One out of five women aged 40 will remain childless. SHARE-data were used to analyse grandparents’ dedication in childminding, social networking of the elderly, and effects on cognitive functions and mental health. The gender gap in mortality was studied, using quantitative and qualitative data (“triangulation”) on causes of death and behavioural effects. With a topical analysis of Austria’s educational structure and projections of tertiary enrolment by 21 fields of study, an input for university planning was delivered.

The research on comparative European demography continued to concentrate on fertility and fertility in-tentions in a macro- and micro-perspective. Special attention was given to reproductive decision-making that is of primary importance for the design of rele-vant policies. This is the topic of an EU-funded project (REPRO) coordinated by the VID. Other important findings show that in some European countries post-ponement of births has declined and period fertility levels have moderately increased since 2000. Research emphasises the significance of religion in having more than two children. Studies on the financial situation of the elderly and of the baby-boom cohorts in Europe, as well as of the impact of the recent economic crisis on

Social Sciences Research Centre (SSRC)

Vienna Institute of DemographyHead: Wolfgang Lutz

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fertility, were designed specifically for the needs of the EU in the project DemoNet. Of particular importance was the group’s activity in the construction and launch of the Human Fertility Database.

As to population dynamics and forecasting, methods for mortality projection were further improved, includ-ing probabilistic procedures. Demographic potentials’ theory was advanced and used for models of general dy-namic populations and population momentum. Also, a general theory of tempo-distortions of demographic in-dicators was developed. Several sets of probabilistic and conventional population projections were produced for most European countries. Methodological work on forecasting population with severe activity limita-tions was conducted. New indicators of age and ageing were introduced, leading to new results on global and regional ageing that demonstrated the acceleration of global ageing in the next 2-3 decades. The multi-state methodology was applied to the future educational composition of the population in 120 countries and its impact on future societies, as well as for projecting the religious landscape of some developed countries.

Population ageing and its implications for economic growth, the labour market, agglomeration forces of industry locations, and the age structure of learned societies has been a key focus of research in popula-tion economics. By applying the formal tools of dynamic optimization (adding age to the time variable), opti-mal age-specific policies for key decision variables (e.g. hiring of employees, investment in human capital and health, etc.) at the individual and firm level could be derived. In parallel, empirical studies on the link be-tween the age structure and productivity at the firm level, the age dynamics of European academies of sci-

ences, and labour force projections for the G7 were carried out. Another focus was to explain and project fertility dynamics using agent-based models that take into account social interaction and network structures. Also the role of stepfamilies for completed fertility was investigated combining the tools of event-history mod-elling and micro-simulation.

The studies on morbidity and mortality dealt with perti-nent differentials, including the impact of biological fac-tors on male excess mortality, regional mortality in Eu-rope, and the estimation of life expectancy by education and occupation. For the latter, a technique of indirect estimation of adult mortality from survey information was extended for application in developed countries. Furthermore, estimates for tempo-adjusted life expect-ancy for 41 countries were provided, showing that tempo effects and their adjustment can have significant impacts on the interpretation of period mortality.

BibliographyLutz, W., W. Sanderson, and S. Scherbov. 2008. “The coming acceleration of global population ageing.” Nature 451: 716-719. doi: 10.1038/nature06516Lutz, W., Crespo Cuaresma, J., and Sanderson, W. 2008. “The demography of educational attainment and economic growth.” Science 319: 1047-1048. doi: 10.1126/science.1151753Lutz, W. 2009. Sola schola et sanitate: human capital as the root cause and priority for international development? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 364: 3031-3047. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0156Prskawetz, A., Bloom, D. E. and Lutz, W. (eds.) 2008. “Population Aging, Human Capital

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Accumulation, and Productivity Growth”. Supplement to Population and Development Review 34. http://www.popcouncil.org/mediacenter/newsreleases/pdrsupp34.htmlJ. R. Goldstein, T. Sobotka, and A. Jasilioniene. 2009, The end of „lowest-low“ fertility? Population and Development Review 35(4): 663-699. Ediev D. M. 2009. On the definition of the reproductive value: response to the discussion by Baca�r and Abdurahman. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 651-657. doi: 10.1007/s00285-008-0246-3.Luy, Marc, 2009: “Unnatural deaths among nuns and monks: the biological force behind male

external cause mortality”, Journal of Biosocial Science 41(6): 831-844.Buber, I. and H. Engelhardt. 2008. “Children’s impact on the mental health of their older mothers and fathers: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.” European Journal of Ageing 5(1): 31-45. DOI: 10.1007/s10433-008-0074-8D. Philipov. 2009, Fertility intentions and outcomes: the role of policies to close the gap, European Journal of Population, 25(4), pp 355-361.Winkler-Dworak, M. 2008. The Low Mortality of a Learned Society. European Journal of Population (24)4, 405-424.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Institute for European Integration Research (EIF) is Austria’s only political science institute dedicated to basic research in the field of European integration. In this capacity, we also assist in coordinating EU-related research and activities in Austria and beyond. We cooperate with partner institutes nationally and internationally and edit two peer-reviewed journals published in the English language. Political science is our disciplinary basis and, depending on the research in question, we also engage in cooperation of an interdisciplinary nature.

In 2008, the Austrian Academy of Sciences initiated a reform of the EIF; our research programme now focuses on variable-based analysis and comparison of EU policy areas. This includes the direct and indirect effects of EU policy on both the national and global levels. Specifi-cally, we analyse the EU’s competences and regulatory output with regard to its problem-solving capacities. Our ambition is to further theories of political steering in multi-level systems, with the EU as the case in hand.

The question of how to prevent decision-making fail-ures in multi-level political systems is of preeminent political importance both in Europe and globally. At the same time, Austria’s political system has under-gone fundamental changes since accession to the EU in 1995. This will continue as a consequence of the mounting need for problem-solving efficiency on both the European and global levels. The EIF’s research is therefore indispensable to the advancement of political and societal information and training expertise, as well as for Austria’s academic integration in the world.

Results for 2008–2009During the first two years following the reform of the EIF, a steep increase in top-quality publications within the Social Sciences Citation Index was achieved and five honours were collected:

Our journal “European Integration Online Pa-pers” was included in the Social Sciences Citation Index, the list of leading peer-reviewed journals worldwide.The EIF’s “Living Reviews in European Gover-nance” was selected for the 2009 Awards for Euro-pean Information Sources by the European Infor-mation Association, London.Emmanuel Sigalas was awarded the “Theseus Award for Promising Research on European Inte-gration 2009” in Berlin and the “Lord Bryce Prize for the best thesis in the field of international rela-tions and comparative studies” in the UK.Gerda Falkner and Oliver Treib received the prize for best article published in 2008 in the “Journal of Common Market Studies”, considered the most pres-tigious journal in the field of European integration.

Present-day political science is facing major challenges: a) undue growth of publications with diminishing in-novation; b) over-specialisation on specific issues, use of quantitative vs. qualitative methods and theoretical views; and c) growing economic hurdles to the availa-bility of publications for researchers. This situation ne-cessitates a bridging of the divides, and EIF’s activities hence strive for excellence in terms of both innovation and consolidation of research.

For example, EIF collaborative research projects in-volving the entire team and, where suitable, also ex-ternal experts, combine cumulativeness of research on core issues of European integration research with progress in terms of empirical and theoretical analysis. In 2008, the first such project covered the effects of the EU’s Lisbon Treaty on different policy areas. During 2009 and 2010, our focus has been on exit strategies from the EU’s “Joint-Decision Trap”, which arises from unanimity requirements and intergovernmentalism. Another example is our journal “Living Reviews in Eu-

Institute for European Integration Research

Head: Gerda Falkner

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ropean Governance”, associated with the German Max Planck Society. It solicits reviews on crucial sub-fields of EU studies by high-ranking international research-ers. These texts condense knowledge of a specific area and transcend state-of-the-art research in EU studies by highlighting controversies and consensus, as well as indicating avenues for further research. They hence offer orientation in an increasingly complex research field, also for graduate teaching purposes, and are freely available on the internet (as are our other peer-reviewed journal and working paper series).

The EIF also helps to coordinate EU-related research and activities in Austria and beyond. Alongside extensive co-operation on various projects (including partners from, inter alia, the LSE and the ETH Zürich), functions in var-ious national and international associations and boards, the EIF has been active in a number of prominent EU re-search consortia, and in 2008 was successful in a compet-itive call to join another (RECON, coordinated in Oslo).

Finally, the EIF pursues a broad strategy of informa-tion dissemination, including an elaborate website in German and English; a newsletter; policy papers (e.g.

for the European Parliament, governments) where suit-able; working papers (online); academic articles and books with international peer-reviewed outlets. We offer public lectures not only for academics but also in schools and adult training institutions, and teach at various universities. In short, we speak to both the academic community and the broader public interested in EU studies, including the government, EU institu-tions, the media and research funds.

Bibliography Falkner, Gerda; Treib, Oliver (2008) Three Worlds of Compliance or Four? The EU15 Compared to New Member States. Journal of Common Market Studies (Vol. 46 No. 2), pp. 293-314 (SSCI-journal).Pollak, Johannes; Slominski, Peter (2009) Ex-perimentalist but not Accountable Govern-ance? The Role of Frontex in Managing the EU’s Borders, in West European Politics (Vol. 32 No. 5), pp. 904 – 924 (SSCI-journal).Trauner, Florian (2009) From membership condition-ality to policy conditionality: EU external governance in South Eastern Europe; Journal of European Pub-lic Policy (Vol.16 No.5), pp. 774-790 (SSCI-journal).

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Falkner, Gerda; Treib, Oliver; Holzleithner, Elisabeth (2008) Compliance in the Enlarged European Union: Living Rights or Dead Letters? Aldershot et al.: Ashgate.Trauner, Florian; Kruse, Imke (2008) EC visa facilitation and readmission agreements: a new standard EU foreign policy tool? European Journal of Migration and Law, (Vol 10 No. 1) pp. 411-438 (SSCI-journal).Falkner, Gerda; Hartlapp, Miriam (2009) Prob-lems of Operationalization and Data in EU Com-pliance Research. European Union Politics (Vol. 10 No. 2), pp. 281-304 (SSCI-journal).Obermaier, Andreas (2009) The End of Territorial-ity? The Impact of ECJ Rulings on British, German

and French Social Policy. Aldershot et al.: Ashgate.Alecu de Flers, Nicole (2008) Strategisches Han-deln oder Sozialisierung? Zur Europäisierung iri-scher und österreichischer Außenpolitik und ihren Grenzen. Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheits-politik (Vol. 1 Nr. 1), S. 96-116.Falkner, Gerda (2009) The EU’s Social Dimension, in: Michelle Cini (ed.) European Union Politics, pp. 276-290. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009.Alecu de Flers, Nicole (2009) A ‘Militarisation’ of the EU? The EU as a Global Actor and Neutral Member States. In: Laursen, Finn, ed. The EU as a Foreign and Security Policy Actor. Dordrecht: Republic of Letters Publishing, pp. 301-318.

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Aims and FunctionsThe institute was founded in 2002 with Prof. Helmut Koziol as its director until 2008; he was succeeded in 2009 by Prof. Ken Oliphant. The institute conducts comparative law projects in the field of tort law, whereby the focus is on European legal systems. Its primary aim is to contribute to the further development and harmonisation of tort law in Europe by means of basic research on a comparative law basis. In this context there is close organisational and also scientific cooperation with the European Centre of Tort and Insurance Law (ECTIL), a private association based in Vienna.

Without exception, the institute’s projects are carried out on an international basis with the involvement of leading academics and practitioners from the EU – but often also beyond its borders.

A core function of the institute is to support the “Euro-pean Group on Tort Law” in the elaboration of a draft of “Principles of European Tort Law”. Both the director and the deputy directors (Prof. Koziol and Prof. Bern-hard A. Koch, University of Innsbruck) are members of this working group, which aims to lay the foundations for the harmonisation of European tort law by means of comparative law analyses. The “Principles” should pro-vide a stimulus for academics and practitioners alike and may also serve as a guide for the development of national laws. As the regulation of tort law issues at community level is at present merely scattered and therefore some-times contradictory, a harmonised concept reflecting the principles of European tort law would seem to make sense.

The first draft of the “Principles” was presented at an international conference in Vienna in 2005 and pub-lished with an extensive commentary in book form. In the meantime, the “Principles” have been translated into 15 languages. The institute’s projects have also led to an impressive series of publications – about 40 in total.

Results for 2008–2009After the “Principles”, complete with commentary, had been presented and debated at numerous international conferences, work was begun on their revision in 2009; such as to incorporate the insights gained in the discussion process thus far.

In cooperation with ECTIL the institute organised the Annual Conference on European Tort Law in 2008 and 2009, this being already the seventh and eighth time respectively. At this conference, legal scholars from the member states of the EU report on national developments in their respective tort law. All of the presentations are documented in conference volumes, which have already appeared for 2008 and 2009.

Inspired by topical academic debate, the institute conducted a comprehensive comparative law investigation of punitive damages. This included comparative reports from England, South Africa, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Scandinavian countries, the USA, and the applicable European law as well as contributions from the perspective of “law and economics” and of insurance law. The results were presented in November 2008 at an international conference in Vienna chaired by Sir Henry Brooke, a former chairman of the Law Commission of England and Wales, and Prof. Ken Oliphant, the presiding director of the institute, and published in book form in 2009.

The thematisation of socially relevant issues by mass media and their special place in a legal sense, in particular their “public role” and regulation, formed the subject of two conferences organised at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (in October 2008 and November 2009) under the heading “Media and Law”. After pertinent presentations from the legal and communication science perspectives as well as from the journalistic point of view,

Institute for European Tort Law

Head: Ken Oliphant(until 31.03.2008: Helmut Koziol)

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distinguished panellists discussed the topics “public duty and duty to truth in reporting” and “regulation of media reporting” respectively.

In 2008, the results of the study on “liability in case of damage due to the admixture of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in non-genetically modified crops” were published. This study was conducted for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development), which wants to draw on it for assistance with the legal approach to agricultural use of genetically modified organisms.

Furthermore, work on the research project “Human Rights and Tort Law” was continued. The aim of this study is systematically to collect the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on questions of conditions for liability when fundamental rights are violated and to analyse it from a dogmatic and comparative law perspective. In particular, the discussion focuses on the principles that have been developed by the court with respect to issues like causation, types of damage, assessment of damages and contributory negligence. These topics are examined on the basis of a comprehensive evaluation of the decisions as well as pertinent literature.

The research findings up until now were presented and discussed at a well-attended international conference in December 2009, organised by the Institute.

In 2008, the first follow-up project within the framework of the large scale study “National Court Practice and European Tort Law” was commenced. Here too, using the same scientific methodology as in the pilot project, case material on the concept of damage at the heart of liability law is collected, edited, systemised and annotated. Apart from the systematic arrangement of the material, the study also offers detailed annotation from both the national tort law angles and from an historical and comparative law point of view. The project is being carried out by the institute in cooperation with Prof. Bénédict Winiger (University of Geneva), a leading academic in the field of comparative law and history of law, and Prof. Reinhard Zimmermann, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law (Hamburg). Corresponding follow-up projects are planned for future years.

BibliographyH. Koziol/R. Schulze (eds.), Tort Law of the Euro-pean Community (2008), ISBN 978-3-211-77585-1B. A. Koch (ed.), Economic Loss Caused by Gene-tically Modified Organisms. Liability and Redress for the Adventitious Presence of GMOs in Non-GM Crops (2008), ISBN 978-3-211-77987-3M. Faure/H. Koziol/S. Puntscher-Riekmann (eds.), Vereintes Europa – Vereinheitlichtes Recht?, Die Rechtsvereinheitlichung aus rechtsökonomischer, privatrechtlicher und politikwissenschaftlicher Sicht (2008), ISBN 978-3-7001-6047-2.H. Koziol/V. Wilcox (eds.), Punitive Damages: Common Law and Civil Law Perspectives (2009), ISBN 978-211-92210-1Yearbook: H. Koziol/B. C. Steininger (eds.), Euro-pean Tort Law 2003 – 2008 (2004-2009), ISBN 3-211-21033-4; 3-211-24479-4; 3-211-31135-1; 978-3-211-70937-5; 978-3-211-77991-0K. Oliphant (ed.), Aggregation and Divisibility of Damage (2009), ISBN 978-3-211-92208-8

Fig. 1: Library of the Institute

Institute for European Tort Law

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Aims and FunctionsThe Institute of Mountain Research: Man & Environment is committed to studying the relationship between humans and the environment in mountain areas across the globe against the background of global change (climate change, globalization). We are investigating this relationship in cooperation with international partners and across disciplinary boundaries. The findings are not only relevant for basic research but also for creating development and adaptation strategies.

The IGF aims to position itself as the Austrian con-tact for mountain research programmes witzin the relevant UN programmes and is pursuing the stra- and is pursuing the stra-tegic goal of becoming a leading mountain research institute integrated into European and global net-works. The location of the institute in Innsbruck is a distinct advantage as this is where research and com-petence clusters of university departments and private industry (SMEs, spin-offs) have already emerged.

The medium- and long-term research fields of the IGF include:

1. Effects of climate and land-use change on permafrost and soilsThe thawing processes in permafrost are interesting, both in terms of the intensification of morphodynamic processes and their impact even in lower-lying areas, and as indicators of cryospheric changes.

Abiotic, biotic and socio-economic spheres converge in soils. This makes them significant archives of landscape changes. At the same time they are exposed to severe utilization pressures and require efficient protection measures if they are to retain their manifold functions as laid down in the soil protection protocol of the Alpine Convention.

2. A global comparison of the effects of climate change on mountain ecosystems (focus on alpine/nival biota)Research into the effects is hampered by a lack of long-term ecologic monitoring series. It is essential to build up long-term monitoring systems. In its contribution, the IGF is focusing on mountain ecosystems because Austria as a mountainous country provides excellent conditions and is already a global player in monitoring (cooperation project Austrian Academy of Sciences/University of Vienna – The Global Observation Initiative in Alpine Environments; www.gloria.ac.at).

3. Analysing the processes and effects of global change on society in settlements and economic areas In high mountain areas, economic, political and cultural globalization, plus the demographic changes associated with global change have encountered hitherto inward-looking areas with a rather traditional orientation. We may expect that, as a result of climate change, natural hazards will intensify but also that new utilization opportunities may emerge. Such processes need to be studied, assessed and future trends forecast. At the IGF, we also provide the scientific basis for sustainable spatial development processes in mountain areas.


Concerning 1.In summer 2008, as part of a PhD thesis, a weather station was erected on Schrankar in the Stubai Alps. In addition, temperature loggers have been measuring the soil temperature since 2008. In 2009, more loggers were added. These continuous measurings will be correlated to the basis temperature of snow packs, manually measured in late-winter 2009 and 2010.

As part of a PhD thesis, data capture has started on soil erosion that takes the form of patches of open ground (“Blaiken”) in different test areas across the

Institute for Mountain Research: Man and Environment

Head: Axel Borsdorf

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Alps. Cooperation with colleagues from the University of Innsbruck on the interdisciplinary interface between archaeology, geoinformatics and soil science has been intensified.

Concerning 2. We succeeded in expanding the GLORIA programme (www.gloria.ac.at) from 54 to 76 monitoring areas. The University of Vienna and the IGF have taken on the coordination and central data maintenance of this global research network. Results of the GLORIA programme have been published in a book (Oxford University Press) and in numerous other publications. In the year 2009 alone, these were presented at six international conferences.

For the alpine zone of the Alps, vegetation and climate data were compared for the first time with data from 10 years before. This comparison showed a climate-induced decrease of species (published in the journal Global Change Biology). Using the pan-European GLORIA records, the Vienna group of the IGF anal-ysed occurrence patterns of alpine plant species on a highly differentiated scale in terms of competition and mutual support between species along a climate stress gradient (published in the Journal of Ecology).

The modelling study on climate gradients and diver-study on climate gradients and diver-sity change (migration-induced increases and losses) in European mountain areas and another study on diversity in relation to the exposition of alpine loca-tions will be submitted in the near future.

On methods, the IGF focused on capturing variability in land-cover studies of species and on fine-tuning field methods for repeat surveys. These test surveys are a vital component in assessing the observer variability within the pan-European GLORIA records. Of the biodiversity indicators, the development of an indicator for climate-induced diversity changes in the alpine vegetation in Eu-rope is nearing completion. The indicators were developed within the EU SEBI process (Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators) in cooperation with the European Environment Agency (Copenhagen) and the European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity (Paris).

Concerning 3. Members of the IGF have fine-tuned and updated the alpine information system GALPIS. An innovative textbook on geoinformation technology in cultural landscape research was planned, implement-ed and published with a well-known international press (Taylor & Francis Group). It includes a demonstration of the landscape analysis concept developed by O. Bender as part of the COST A27 subproject “Assessment and revalorization of traditional cultural landscapes” which has been successfully tested in upland regions.

2008 saw the publication with Springer of “Mapping the Alps”, an atlas with comments in five languages. Here, for the first time, harmonized records have been mapped onto the entire alpine arc. IGF staff took a decisive role in producing this atlas. Studies on sustainable regional development in different regions in the Alps and the An-des were continued and used to develop strategies fur-ther. Three PhD theses resulted from this work.

Additional activities that cannot be allocated to specific fields of research but rather support all three fields: Work in the research networks MRI Europe and Science for the Carpathians (S4C) continued and a new network of South Eastern European Mountain Research (SEEmore) was started. All three networks organized international conferences (Slovakia, Bulgaria, Austria).

2009 saw the publication of the first two issues of a new journal edited by the IGF eco.mont – Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research. The journal is available in a

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full colour printed version (innsbruck university press) and as an e-journal (Austrian Academy Press) and was very well received by the scientific community. The IGF was involved in organizing an international symposium on research in protected mountain areas.

The institute succeeded in getting the EU project mountain. TRIP approved within the 7th framework programme. The IGF heads the project which aims to develop strategies for sustainable regional development in all European mountain regions and to prepare them for application.

Highlights included presenting IGF research as keynotes at international conferences in Vienna, Bratislava, Santiago de Chile and Matsumoto (Japan). A PhD thesis finished in 2008 on the quality of life in the Alps was awarded the Hans Bobek Prize. This was the second time in the short history of the institute that members received one of the highest accolades for geographers in the German-speaking countries.

Bibliography

BooksBender, O., N. Evelpidou, A. Krek & A. Vassilo-poulos (eds.): 2009: Geoinformation Technologies for Geocultural Landscapes: European Perspec-tives. Leiden: Taylor and Francis.

Keller, L. 2008: Lebensqualität im Alpenraum. Innsbrucker Geographische Studien. Innsbruck. Jandl, R., A. Borsdorf, R. Miegroet & R. Psenner (eds.) 2009: Global Change and Sustainable De-velopment in Mountain Regions. Alpine Space – Man and Environment. Innsbruck. Nagy, L. & G. Grabherrr 2009: The Biology of Al-pine Habitats. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Tappeiner, U., A. Borsdorf & E. Tasser (eds.) 2008: Mapping the Alps. Alpenatlas. Heidelberg: Spekt-Alpenatlas. Heidelberg: Spekt-rum Akademischer Verlag/Springer.

Artikel in indexed journals Borsdorf, A. & R. Hidalgo 2008: New dimension of social exclusion in Latinamerica. Land Use Pol-icy 25, 2: 153-160. Borsdorf, A. & R. Hidalgo 2009: Searching for fresh air, tranquillity and rural culture in the mountains. A new lifestyle for the Chileans? Die ERDE 140,3:275-292Grabherr, G. 2009: Biodiversity in the high ranges of the Alps: Ehtnobotanical and climate change perspectives. Global Environmental Change 19: 167-172. Holzinger, B., K. Hülber, M. Camenisch & G. Grabherr 2008: Changes in plant species richness over the last centruy in the Eastern Swiss Alps. Plant Ecology 195, 2: 179-196.Schmitt, M. 2008: Ein klarer innerer Trib zur Wissenschaft. Pionierinnen in Agrarstudium und Agrarforschung. Zeitschrift für Agrargeschichte und Agrarsoziologie 56, 1:49-63.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Migration and Integration Research (KMI) serves as an interdisciplinary plat form for integrating Austrian research on migration and for linking this research to the international scientific community. That means that the KMI is not a research institution in the strict sense of this term but mainly aims to bring together migration researchers from different disciplinary back grounds. Like other complex fields, migration and integration research has become increasingly specialised and divided. Several disciplines, such as sociology, geography, political science, cultural and social anthropology, law as well as linguistics and literary studies deal with different aspects of this field. The KMI facilitates the exchange of information and cooperation across disciplinary boundaries. It aims to counterbalance the weak institutionalisation in this research field by systematically supporting the establishment of networks. The KMI acts across institutional borders on behalf of all Austrian migration and integration researchers and links their work to an international research network.

Results for 2008–2009In the reporting period, the activities of the Commission for Migration and Integration Research focused on three areas.

Study on migration and integration research in AustriaOn behalf of the Federal Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF), the KMI carried out a study dealing with the institutional and financial situation and the issues currently discussed in Austrian research on migration and integration. The results of this study show that, unlike in other countries, there is no major institution in Austria that has the visibility and the personnel to attract all major questions arising in this research area. That is why these questions are taken up by existing university and non-university research institutes. However, the number of people dealing with these questions within these institutes is far below a

critical size. Indeed, Austrian research on migration and integration is carried out by small units often financed by third-party funding. This has a negative effect not only on basic research but also on interdisciplinary cooperation both within Austria and with institutions abroad. At the same time, our study shows that Austrian research on migration and integration has reached a high level of internationalisation. Many researchers have been successful in becoming involved in European research projects. Our study recommends increasing institutionalisation in this socially relevant research area that has a promising scientific future.

The European network of excellence IMISCOEThe participation in the European network of excellence IMISCOE guarantees the international visibility of the KMI. Established in April 2004, IMISCOE aims to integrate migration research in Europe and to foster new international research initiatives. The network brings together 23 established research institutes from 13 European countries with more than 300 established migration experts and 100 PhD students, including nine researchers based at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

IMISCOE is organised in nine thematically differentiated clusters, two of which are coordinated by members of the KMI: Heinz Fassmann is responsible for Cluster A1 on “International Migration and its Regulation”, Rainer Bauböck for Cluster B3 on “Legal Status, Citizenship and Political Mobilisation”. The KMI supports the two cluster leaders by organising international workshops, editing joint books and publications, initiating research proposals and dealing with the complex financial administration of this European project.

In the framework of these two clusters, the KMI organised six conferences in Leipzig, Edinburgh, Florence, Budapest, Malmö and Liège and six

Commission for Migration and Integration Research

Head: Heinz Fassmann

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workshops for the annual IMISCOE conferences held in Bilbao and Stockholm. Topics included the changing migration flows after the enlargement of the EU in 2004 and 2007, the basic instruments and aims of migration control, migration flows between the EU and Turkey, China and India as well as issues arising within the field of national and supranational citizenship in a changing social context.

The integration of Austrian migration researchA central and permanent task of the KMI is to integrate the Austrian scientific community involved in migration and integration research. To fulfil this aim, the KMI, together with various other institutions, organised two public lectures, two workshops (dealing with migration and integration reporting and international student mobility), one debate on the democratising potential of EU citizenship and one conference dealing with negative images of immigrants. Moreover, the KMI published four working papers on its website, hosted three guest researchers and sent about 45 newsletters to more than 320 subscribers informing them about current research projects, seminars, calls for papers and job vacancies.

BibliographyBauböck, Rainer, Perchinig, Bernhard, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) Citizenship Policies in the New Eu-rope, 2. erweiterte Ausgabe, Amsterdam 2009.Fassmann, Heinz, European Migration: Historical Overview and Statistical Problems, in: Fassmann, Heinz, Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) Sta-tistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe, Amsterdam 2009, 21-44.Fassmann, Heinz, Haller, Max, Lane, David (eds.) Migration and Mobility in Europe - Trends, Patterns and Control, Cheltenham 2009.

Fassmann, Heinz, Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wieb-ke (eds.) Statistics and Reality: Concepts and meas-Statistics and Reality: Concepts and meas-urements of migration in Europe, Amsterdam 2009.Herzog-Punzenberger, Barbara, Unterwurz-acher, Anne, Migration – Interkulturalität – Mehr-sprachigkeit, in: Specht, Werner (ed.) Nationaler Bildungsbericht Österreich, Wien 2009, 161-182. Herzog-Punzenberger, Barbara, Gapp, Patrizia, Unterwurzacher, Anne, Österreichische Schü-lerInnen mit Migrationshintergrund, in: Suchàn, Birgit, Wallner-Paschon, Christina, Schreiner, Claudia (eds.) Lesekompetenzen in der Grund-schule. Österreichischer Expertenbericht, Graz, 2009, 53-65.Herzog-Punzenberger, Barbara, Jenseits in-dividueller Charakteristiken - welche Bedeutung haben gesellschaftliche Strukturen für den Bil-dungserfolg von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Migrationshintergrund?, in: Schreiner, Claudia, Schwantner, Ursula (eds.) PISA 2006. Österreichi-scher Expertenbericht zum Naturwissenschafts-Schwerpunkt, Graz 2009, 159-166.Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wiebke, Statistics and migration: past, present and future, in: Fassmann, Heinz, Reeger, Ursula, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) Sta-Sta-tistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe, Amsterdam 2009, 297-312.Sievers, Wiebke, Writing politics: the emergence of immigrant writing in West Germany and Aus-tria, in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38 (2008) 1217-1235.Sievers, Wiebke, ‘A call to kinship’? Citizenship and migration in the new Member States and the accession countries of the EU, in: Bauböck, Rainer, Perchinig, Bernhard, Sievers, Wiebke (eds.) Citizenship Policies in the New Europe, Amsterdam 2009, 439-457.

Commission for Migration and Integration Research

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Aims and FunctionsThe scientific aim of the ISR consists of the documentation, analysis and interpretation of disparities of society and spatial use on the regional level as well as between and within cities. These disparities are interpreted as results of societal action in a given political system and analyzed from an interdisciplinary and international, comparative perspective. In the case of ISR, the spatial main areas of urban and regional research are Vienna, Austria and Europe. The intended research is basic by nature and initially has no direct connection to planning-related utilization.

Despite the orientation towards basic research, the tasks of the ISR are always embedded in the subject-specific as well as the overall societal discourse. While questions like the methodical, coordinated remedy of war damages stood in the centre at the foundation of the predecessor institution, the Commission for Spatial Research and Reconstruction, in 1946, a National Atlas was worked out as a symbol for the new Austria after the recovery of national independence in 1955.

After Austria’s accession to the EU in 1995, questions re-lated to international comparison, competitiveness and internationalization on different levels gained impor-tance. Themes like the development potential of Euro-pean metropolitan areas, culture as a location factor in a globalized world or the relevance of international immi-gration for European urban development are expressions of these changing political framework conditions.

Results for 2008–2009For the given time period, the following research results can be pointed out.

The Institute for Urban and Regional Research has documented and analyzed by order of the Planungs-gemeinschaft Ost the demographic and economic

development of the Viennese city region and has pub-lished an “Atlas of the Growing City Region”. Thereby it becomes clear that the growth is neither following a simple central-periphery pattern nor is it limited to the dominant axes of settlement and traffic. Increasingly the interstitial between the axes will be filled up with population if the communities offer land for building at reasonable prices. The “Atlas of the Growing City Region” documents furthermore which social and eth-nic groups are part of the suburbanization process, how much the urban fringe has taken over economic func-tions and where the future growth will happen. The atlas is the basis for a planning concept which will be elaborated by the three neighboring federal states Vi-enna, Lower Austria and Burgenland.

Another important result of the institute’s work is rep-resented by the book publication “Statistics and Real-ity Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Eu-rope” (edited by Heinz Fassmann, Ursula Reeger and Wiebke Sievers, published at Amsterdam University Press), that presents different concepts of statistical coverage of immigration and emigration in the mem-ber states of the EU in a systematic way. This question is important, because politics plans and develops com-mon concepts and does so against the background of data whose basis is hardly comparable.

Some countries define international migrants as per-sons, who have been living in the target country for at least three months; other countries take one year as the limit to define somebody as an international migrant.

But there are also countries that do not ask for the ac-tual duration of residence but are only interested in the intention to stay or not, which means something com-pletely different. Some countries use the actual pop-ulation register as the basis for counting; others take the census or a small sample of persons entering the

Institute for Urban and Regional Research

Head: Heinz Fassmann

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country in a certain period of time. Emigration is also dealt with in various ways: some countries maintain detailed emigration statistics; others are not interested in emigration at all from the statistical point of view. It is remarkable how unsatisfying the European data ba-sis is and it is also fascinating, how close the statistical coverage is interwoven with the concepts of statehood.Finally and as the third research result, the book “Prefabricated Housing Estates: Rehabilitation of the building culture heritage in Vienna and Bratis-lava” has to be emphasized. The attractive and well equipped volume has been published by the renowned specialist publisher Fraunhofer IRB und marks a pre-liminary final point of a research project that has been going on for many years and did not only cover the past of prefabricated housing, but also took into con-sideration constructional, financial and social meas-ures as to how prefabricated housing can be turned into a modern utilisation structure.

The analysis of prefabricated housing clearly shows that the prejudices about the inhospitability of these estates does not hold true in such a general way. Some prefabricated buildings and estates display a consider-able urban building quality that is often confirmed by the inhabitants. Furthermore, independently and due to their quantitative importance, it turns out to be inevitable for the housing supply in many Eastern and

East-Central European countries to develop compre-hensive concepts how to preserve, renovate and mod-ernize these estates.

Bibliography

Fassmann, Heinz: Stadtgeographie I. Allgemeine Stadtgeographie. Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig 2009, 2. neu bearbeitete AuflageFassmann Heinz, Ursula Reeger and Wiebke Sievers (eds.) Statistics and Reality – Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe. IMISCOE Reports, Amsterdam 2009Peter GÖRGL: Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener Suburbia? Der Wohnpark Fontana. Eine sozialgeographische Studie. Wiesbaden, VS-Verlag 2008. 258 S. ISBN 3-5311-5775-2 (VS)Peter Jordan: Place names as ingredients of space-related identity. In: JORDAN, P.; BERGMANN, H.; CHEETHAM, C.; HAUSNER, I. (Ed.): Geographical Names as a Part of the Cultural Heritage. Wien 2009 = Wiener Schriften zur Geographie und Kartographie, Bd. 18, S. 33–39.Josef KOHLBACHER und Ursula REEGER. Staatsbürgerschaftsbonus beim Wohnen? Eine empirische Analyse der Unterschiede zwischen eingebürgerten und nichteingebürgerten Zuwanderern/-innen hinsichtlich ihrer Wohnsituation in Wien. 2008, 76 S. ISBN 3-7001-6512-5Josef KOHLBACHER and Ursula REEGER Residential segregation, housing market and immigrants. In: M. L. Fonseca & J. Malheiros (eds.) Social Integration & Mobility: Education, Housing & Health. Lisbon: 20–48Josef KOHL-Lisbon: 20–48Josef KOHL-BACHER und Ursula REEGER: Die Dynamik ethnischer Wohnviertel in Wien – Resultate einer Gebäudeerhebung 1981 und 2005. Mit-teilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft 149: 7–28.Vera Kapeller (Ed.): Plattenbausiedlungen . Er-neuerung des baukulturellen Erbes in Wien und Bratislava. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 254 S. ISBN 978-3-8167-7665-9.Musil, Robert: Global Capital Control and City Hierarchies. An Attempt to Reposition Vienna in a World City Network. Cities 26, 5: 256–266.Rohn, Walter: Kultur und Peripherie – zu den gesellschaftlichen Funktionen von Kulturinitiativen für die Entwicklung der Wiener Außenbezirke. In: SWS-Rundschau 47, 3: 321–342.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Comparative Media and Communication Studies is the only independent non-university media research institute in Austria. The commission deals with the role of the media in political communication, which has played a decisive role in the communication of political content since the emergence of the mass press in the late 19th century. Not only do mass media raise awareness of certain themes, they also interpret societal events and processes and, as a result, shape the prevailing values and standards. The lesser the opportunity for individual primary experience in an increasingly complex world, the greater the media’s power to shape public awareness through their selection and interpretation of the issues.

The commission’s work in this area covers both the struc-tural and cultural dimension as well as the interplay be-tween communication and political science which occurs in political communication research. The structural di-mension covers the institutional conditions of the media system at macro and meso level, while the cultural di-mension concerns the interaction processes of media and political actors, their results and effects. Investigating the reciprocal conditions between both of these dimensions, from an historical and cross-national comparative perspec-tive, is the focal point of the commission’s research activity.

The commission takes both an interdisciplinary and international comparative approach with respect to its fundamental research. Particular attention is given to long-term analyses and the development of suitable methodical procedures.

The commission is partner to numerous national and international cooperative projects, publishes a bilingual peer-reviewed book series “Relation” and is working together with relevant university institutes with their doctoral Programmes.

Results for 2008–2009With its analysis of the structural changes to the Austrian press since the late 19th century, the commission has positioned itself well internationally. This has resulted in invitations to get involved in several international research projects such as “European Newspaper Markets” and “Worlds of Journalisms”. The aim of the rather unique “Worlds of Journalisms” project is to explore the global diversity of journalism cultures using a consistent methodology across all countries. There are research teams from 22 countries and all five continents participating in the study.

The Austrian study is led by J. Seethaler and is funded by the City of Vienna. First results published in German and US journals indicate media political and media law influences on the degree of validity of journalistic values (such as impartiality, objectivity and critical evaluation), cultural differences in the manner of professionalism, but also cross-cultural change processes towards western standards, in particular in eastern European countries and in Turkey, but also even in China.

In the commission’s new area of interest, media use re-search, it was recently possible – for the first time in Austria – to establish a long-term secondary analytical evaluation of “Media Analyse” data (thanks to fund-ing from the City of Vienna). The relationship between classic mass media and the Internet is the focus of B. Stark’s widely published investigations. Findings based on focus groups confirm the evaluations of “Media Analyse” data; the printed newspaper is struggling to maintain its traditional role as the main source of in-formation with younger media consumers.

In contrast, information menus on the Internet are sat-urated with headlines, news snippets and latest news, which consumers can read randomly while surfing (Fig. 1). The consequences of fragmented media use for

Commission for Comparative Media and Com�munication Studies

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societal integration and the legitimation of democracy are the focus of a proposed follow-up project entitled “Changing News Media Use, Public Discourse and Democracy” which will be submitted to the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) for approval.

Within the cultural dimension of political commu-nication research, the work of the commission con-centrates in the “classic” communication science core area of campaign research. Again for the first time in Austria, the relationship of parties and media in election campaigns is investigated using a long-term perspective and applying instruments that allow for international comparability.

First results of an Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project on campaign communication in Austria since 1966, led by G. Melischek in cooperation with the Department of Journalism and Communication Science reveal an

increasing “press-party-dealignment” for the period un-der study but also indicate (somewhat delayed from an international comparison) increasingly selective media behaviour, which is making it more difficult for parties to communicate their political message.

At the same time, it has led to an increased self-ref-erence of the media, which is reflected in a strength-ened intermedia agenda-setting (Fig. 2). The resulting consonance of publicly relevant issues underscores the importance of the issue orientation of the elector-ate, which is one of the three campaign decisive fac-tors in the socio-psychological “Michigan Model” on campaign behaviour.

The success of the analysis carried out by G. Melischek and J. Seethaler on European news coverage of the 2004 US Presidential Election reflected by the numerous guest speeches, conference presentations, and publications, has laid the foundation stone for the commission’s research focus on the role of media in international relations.

The attribution theoretical and sociometric models developed in historical investigations were able to be applied here to the analysis of the role of the media in international conflict situations and in the European integration process. Recent activities include an international conference organized with

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the Department of Media and Communication Sciences of Klagenfurt University in March 2009 on “War, Media, and the Public Sphere”, a comparative study on the 2008 US Presidential Election, and a dissertation on the communication political role of the European Commission as spokesperson of the EU (as part of the doctoral programme of the philosophical-historical section).

The programmatic commitment to chronological, cross-media and international comparative research approaches is also reflected in the proceedings volume “Comparative Media and Communication Studies”, which was published at the beginning of 2008 in cooperation with Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Mainz. Parallel to this, the book series “Relation” (edited by H. Matis since 1994) has been revamped, the international editorial advisory board expanded and a double-blind peer-review procedure set up.

The “Relation” book series, published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, and available both in print and online, has up to now published volumes on “Jewish Images in the Media” (in cooperation with the Jewish Museum in Frankfurt am Main) and “The Changing Austrian Media Landscape”. A volume on “Media Structures and Media Performance” is currently being planned, in cooperation with the Institute of Mass Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich.

BibliographyGabriele Melischek, Josef Seethaler & Jürgen Wil-ke, eds.: Medien & Kommunikationsforschung im Vergleich [Media and Communication Research in Comparative Perspective]. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2008.Birgit Stark & Melanie Magin, eds.: Die österreichi-sche Medienlandschaft im Umbruch [The changing Austrian media landscape]. Relation: Communica-Relation: Communica-tion Research in Comparative Perspective, n.s., Vol. 3. Wien: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2009.Thomas Hanitzsch & Josef Seethaler: Journalismus-welten – Ein Vergleich von Journalismuskulturen in

17 Ländern [Worlds of journalisms – A comparison of journalism cultures in 17 countries]. Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft 57 (2009), 4: 464-483.Josef Seethaler & Christian Oggolder: Frauen in der Wiener Tagespresse der Ersten Republik: Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung des tagesaktuellen Journalismus, 1918-1933 [The role of women in Viennese newspa-pers, 1918-1933: A contribution to the history of dai-ly news media]. Medien & Zeit 24 (2009); 3: 4-16.Birgit Stark & Matthias Karmasin: Österreich – Land der Zeitungsleser auch im Zeitalter des Inter-nets? Eine empirische Analyse zum Verhältnis von Print und Online [Austria – a country of newspaper readers in times of the Internet?]. Medien & Kom-munikationswissenschaft 57 (2009), H. 3: 353-374.Birgit Stark: Konstanten und Veränderungen der Mediennutzung in Österreich – empirische Befun-de aus den Medien-Analyse-Daten (1996-2007) [Consistencies and changes in media use in Austria, 1996-2007]. SWS Rundschau 2009, H. 2: 130-153.Josef Seethaler & Gabriele Melischek: Leitmedien als Indikatoren politischer Krisen und Umbrüche: Das Beispiel der Weimarer Republik [Elite media as indicators of political crises and changes: The example of the Weimar Republic]. In Leitmedien: Konzepte – Relevanz – Geschichte, edited by Daniel Müller, Annemone Ligensa & Peter Gendolla, 151-170. Bielefeld: transcript.Gabriele Melischek, Uta Rußmann & Josef Seet-haler: Agenda-Building in österreichischen Nati-onalratswahlkämpfen, 1970-2008 [Agenda-Buil-ding in Austrian National Elections, 1970-2008]. In Politik in der Medienarena: Praxis politischer Kommunikation in Österreich, edited by Fritz Plas-ser, 101-143. Wien: facultas.wuv, 2009.Gabriele Melischek & Josef Seethaler: Media and in-ternational relations: An attributional analysis of in-group and out-group perceptions in European press coverage of the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Amer-ican Journal of Media Psychology 1 (2008): 103-124.Gabriele Melischek & Josef Seethaler: Exploring a value gap: European press coverage of the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign. In Transatlantic conflict and consensus, edited by Roberta Haar & Neil Wynn, 229-244. Cambridge: Cambridge Academic, 2009.

Commission for Comparative Media and Communication Studies

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission for Balkan Studies was founded on February 3, 1897 as Kommission für die historisch-archäologische und philologisch-ethnographische Durchforschung der Balkanhalbinsel and was renamed in Balkan-Kommission on March 22, 1950. On January 1, 1993 the departments of antiquarian and philological studies were united. The contents of the antiquarian department were transferred into the research centre for archaeology on 1st, July 1997. Since 2006 the Commission for Balkan Studies has been a member of the Centre of Linguistics, Optical and Sound Documentation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.The research profile of the Commission for Balkan Studies can be described in general with “Cultures, Languages and Literatures of the Balkan Peninsula (under special consideration of its ethnography and history)”. In particular the most important objectives are as follows:

The Balkan linguistic sprachbund, its cultures and literatures, including the history and evolution of written languages in Southeast Europe. This re-search covers predominately intercultural and in-terlingual aspects. Text research about the Church Slavonic language (research on its tradition, textual criticism and edi-tion of texts) Slavica Austriaca (South Slavonic minority langua-ges and the Slavonic substrate in Austria).

In addition, different short-term scientific projects are realized in the commission, e.g. research on the Greek community in Vienna, a project on Southeast Europe and its regions or a series of conferences called Forum Romania.

Results for 2008–2009The future structure of the commission has remained unclear since its evaluation in July 2007. The chairman has nevertheless made efforts to ensure that current

scholarly activities proceed smoothly. At the end of 2009 a concept for the establishment of a “Commission for the research of Southeast Europe and the Black Sea region” has been elaborated and submitted.

In the frame of the project “The vocabulary of civilization/ modernization in Southeast Europe during the 19th century” with the assistance of Heuberger, Katičić, Neweklowsky and Ossadník several publications have been realized. A volume which summarizes and compares the results of the different project parts is planned.

On September 29, 2008 a meeting with the authors was held within the framework of the project “South East Europe of the Regions”. Due to financial problems it was not possible to organize a second meeting of coworkers during 2009. In the meantime the realization of the second meeting has been guaranteed for March 2010.

Work on the project “Grammatica balkanica” is making good progress. A preliminary version has been drawn up for Greek by Solti and for Turkish by Römer, while Neweklowsky has advanced the Macedonian and Serbian section. Kahl, Lindenbauer and Metzeltin have carried on the Albanian section. Since summer 2009 Kahl and Metzeltin have been working at a general introduction and the final work program with the aim of publishing these parts towards the end of 2010. The project “Terminology of mobile shepherds”, funded by the ASF (FWF), has continued successfully. In addition, it was possible to extend the project until October 2010. The planned field research was completed and the work on the transcription has advanced immensely. An arrangement with the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Sciences concerning the technical archiving of the film and tape recordings has been made. Three articles in 2008 and two in 2009 were published as part of the project and a final publication is under way.

Centre for Linguistics and Audiovisual Docu�mentation (LAVD)

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Head: Michael Metzeltin

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Within the framework of the ASF project “Critical Edition of the New Sinaitic Glagolitic Euchology (Sacramentary) Fragments”, work on the editions of “Euchologii Sinaitici pars nova” and “Missale Sinaiticum” has been successfully continued. Newly taken up was the edition of “Psalterium Demetrii Sinaitici”. The team members continued working at the development of new PC programs for the automatic detection of graphic units and finalized the registration of the missal images.

In 2008 the research team of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences finished their project “The Bulgarian Community in Austria” during a stay in Linz and Vienna and presented the results in a symposium in Wittgenstein House in 2009. The project “The Greek Community in Vienna” was successfully completed, based on research contracts. In connection with the “Thesaurus of popular Slovenian of Carinthia” the works on volume 6 and lemmatizing for volume 7 was continued. The conceptual work for the first part of the “Encyclopedia of Slovenian Language and Literature in Carinthia”, funded by the ASF, was completed. Delays

occurred in 2009 as the result of the dismissal of two project employees. As agreed with the ASF, the project manager plans to continue the project as scheduled with a new employee. In 2009 the PhD project of Eva Frantz concerning the recent history of Kosovo was included in the schedule of the commission.

An application for a research project on “Multilingualism on the Markets of Vienna” was given in 2008 and approved at the end of 2009. Six international conferences were organized by the commission and three separate papers delivered in the period. During the same period four students finished a training program in the commission. In addition, the amount of scientific literature and technical material has been considerably extended.

BibliographyDoganalp-Votzi, Heidemarie – Römer, Claudia: Herrschaft und Staat. Politische Terminologie des Osmanischen Reiches der Tanzimatzeit. Schriften der Balkankommission (Verlag der Österreichi-schen Akademie der Wissenschaften). Wien 2008.

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Commission for Balkan-Studies

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Hafner, Stanislaus – Prunč, Erich (ed.): Thesaurus der slowenischen Volkssprache in Kärnten, Bd. 6 (kd-kv). Edited by Ludwig Karničar. Wien 2009. Schrif-ten der Balkan-Kommission, Sonderpublikation. Kahl, Thede (ed.): Das Rumänische und seine Nachbarn. Berlin (Frank und Timme) 2009. Metzeltin, Michael (ed.): Identitate de frontieră în Europa lărgită. Bucureşti (Polirom) 2008. Miklas, Heinz: Zum Gang der Erforschung der glagolitischen Neufunde im Katharinenkloster auf dem Sinai. In: Moskovich, Wolf – Nikolova, Svetlina – Taube, Moshe (ed.): The Holy Land and the Manuscript Legacy of Slavs (=Jews and Slavs T. 20). Jerusalem/Sofia 2008, pp. 48-59, 372.Neweklowsky, Gerhard: Civilizaciona leksika u srpskom i hrvatskom jeziku u XIX. veku (na primeru nekih ekonomskih i bankarskih termina)

[Der Zivilisationswortschatz in der serbischen und kroatischen Sprache (am Beispiel einiger Wirt-schafts- und Banktermini)]. In: Južnoslovenski fi -In: Južnoslovenski fi-lolog 64 (2008), 247–260. Beograd 2009.Neweklowsky, Gerhard: Das Projekt der Balkankom-mission „Bosnisch / Kroatisch / Serbisch: Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft“. In: Anzeiger der Philosophisch-historischen Klasse 143/1 (2008), 127-149. 2009.Ortalli, Gherardo – Schmitt, Oliver J. (eds.): Bal-cani occidentali, Adriatico e Venezia fra XIII e XVIII secolo / Der westliche Balkan, der Adria-raum und Venedig (13.-18. Jahrhundert). Schriften der Balkankommission 50. Wien 2009.Sobolev, Andrej N.: On the Importance of Borrowing in the Languages of the Balkan Linguistic Area. In: Kahl, Thede (ed.) Das Rumänische und seine Nachbarn. Berlin (Frank und Timme), 2009. S. 95-130.

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Aims and FunctionsThe Commission sees its main function in theory-driven interdisciplinary research and cooperation with national and international partners to create a systematic collection and analysis of long-term data on speech disorders and first language acquisition of German in comparison with other languages.This involves interdisciplinary collaboration with the fields of psychology, medicine, special and therapeutic education, computer science and philology. In the process, applied basic research is acquiring increasing importance alongside pure research. The language corpora that are being generated form the basis for further theoretical and applied investigations within and outside the Academy.

Results for 2008–2009HDB1AIJ2KC4AL5FMB5265C research primarily addresses three thematic fields within the long-term research specialisation:1. Long-term studies of linguistic achievements at in-

dividual word, sentence, text and discourse level of individual patients suffering from aphasia before and after attending linguistically-founded langua-ge therapy programmes (Stark, 2010a, 2010b)

2. Deriving general (neuropsycholinguistic) prin-ciples from the analyzed language test und the-rapy data, on how language structures/patterns recover longitudinally and on how patients with aphasia respond to the provision of linguistically-based therapy protocols

Commission of Linguistics and Communication Research

Head: Wolfgang U. Dressler

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3. Recording and analysis of oral sentence production by healthy Viennese of various ages in response to

the ELA picture stimuli (Stark, 1992). Project LWI 0105: “Standardisation of the ELA Picture Stimu-li” (partially financed by the City of Vienna).

Concerning 1) A long-term study (36 to 93 months after the start of aphasia) concerning the text-linguistic abilities of an aphasia patient (TH) showed a significant increase of the explicitly produced content (5 � 35) of the fairytale “Cinderella”. The results for 11 narrations are set out in Fig. 1.

Concerning 2) The analysis of the recovery of language supplied answers to the central question of language processing after brain damage (Stark, Pons & Mittermann, 2009).

Concerning 3) The linguistic investigation of oral sentence production by healthy Viennese aged 4 to 6, 17 to 19 and 65 to over 90 was continued. The following examples illustrate how the subjects orally described a number of illustrated actions in the form of sentences:

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Life span

Child Young person Older person

That is a man and is *surf boarding (4.5 years old)

The father is surfing17 years old

The father is on a // Er, I know the word for it // board with a sail on it. Yes the father acts // is doing sports with a // er I don’t know // windsurfer. And reacts to the wind, doesn’t he (78 years old)

This speech data constitutes an important contribution to the answer to the question of what, from a grammatical point of view, is realised as “normal” language in a comparison between generations. Within the specialisation on child language worked was primarily conducted on the following two projects:

Project 1: Noun development in a cross-linguistic perspectiveThe FWF project concluded in autumn 2009 examined the linguistic development of the class

of nouns in children aged between 2 and 9 in four different languages (German, Dutch, Danish and Hebrew). The results of the language comparative analysis were presented in the form of a symposium (“Why are noun plurals hard to acquire? A multi-task approach”) at the 11th International Congress on Child Language in July 2008 in Edinburgh. A method comparison showed that the response behaviour of children is highly determined by the test method used (see Fig. 2).

Target sentence: “The man is surfing.”

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Kröll, K., Souman, A., Rehfeldt, K., Laaha, S., Bertl, J., Basbøll, H. & Gillis, S. (2008). Core morphology in child directed speech: crosslinguistic corpus analyses of noun plurals, In: H. Behrens (ed.), Corpora in language acquisition research: finding structure in data. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 25-60.Stark, J. (1992). Erfahrungen aus dem Leben des Alltags Handbuch zur Photoserie Set 1, Set 2, Set 3. Vienna: Druckerei Bösmüller. Stark, J. (2010a). Chronic Broca’s Aphasia from a Long Term Perspective: Analysis of an Illustrative Single Case. Seminars in Speech and Language.Stark, J. (2010b) Content analysis of the fairy tale Cinderella – A longitudinal single case study of narra-tive production: ‘From rags to riches’. Aphasiology. Stark, J. (2010c). Gesprochene Wiener Stadtspra-che Erhebung des Alltagswortschatzes von Wiener(innen) verschiedener Altersgruppen mittels der ELA-Fotoserie. In H. Bergmann, M. Glauninger & E. Wandl-Vogt (eds.), Fokus Dialekt Analysieren – Dokumentieren – Kommunizieren Festschrift für Ingeborg Geyer zum 60. Geburtstag. Hildesheim: Georg Olms. Stark, J., Pons, C. & Mittermann, K. (2009). Mo-dellorientierte Sprachdiagnostik und -therapie – ja,aber … (Posterpräsentation, 9. Jahrestagung der GAB, Erfurt, Deutschland, 6.11.2009).Xanthos, A., Laaha, S., Gillis, S., Stephany, U. Aksu-Koç, A., Christofidou, A., Gagarina, N., Hrzica, G., Ketrez, F. N., Kilani-Schoch, M., Korecky-Kröll, K., Kovačević, M., Laalo, K., Palmović, M., Pfeiler, B., Voeikova, M. D. & Dressler, W.U. (in Druck): On the role of morphological richness in the early development of noun and verb inflection. First Language.

Project 2: Cross-linguistic language diagnosis (CLAD)In this EU project, an investigation is being made of the linguistic development of children with specific language development disorders in five different languages (German, English, Italian, Lithuanian and Romanian). The project is looking for cross-language clinical markers in the following two areas: 1) quantifiers and implicators (semantic-pragmatic) and 2) constant groups, adjective comparison and agreement ((morpho)philology – morphosyntax).

Other ongoing child language projects (above all the cross-linguistic project on pre- and protomorphology, the CNRS Project on Grammaticization processes in language acquisition; EU Project COST Action 33) were successfully continued.

BibliographyDressler, W.U. (2008). (org.): Symposium: Why are noun plurals hard to acquire? A multi-task approach. XI International Congress for the Study of Child Language (IASCL), Edinburgh, UK.Kilani-Schoch, M., Balciuniene, I., Korecky-Kröll, K., Laaha, S. & Dressler, W.U. (2009). On the role of pragmatics in child-directed speech for the ac-quisition of verb morphology. Journal of Pragmatics 41, 219-239.Korecky-Kröll, K. & Dressler, W.U. (2009). The acquisition of number and case in Austrian Ger-man nouns. In: U. Stephany & M. D. Voeikova (eds.), Development of nominal inflection in first language acquisition: a cross-linguistic perspective (= Studies on Language Acquisition 30). Berlin: De Gruyter, 265-302.Ravid, D., Dressler, W.U., Nir-Sagiv, B., Korecky-


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Aims and FunctionsDialects and dialect like varieties constitute the majority of spoken language forms in Austria. Thereby they not only conserve traditional ways of thinking, but also reflect the continuously proceeding social changes.Austrian surnames and geographical names represent a “calling card”. They bear witness to century long contacts between peoples of different languages, historical settling-cycles and linguistic developments.The dinamlex is Austria’s only scientific institution that, in accordance with its remit, analyses and electronically archives the nationwide customary German dialects as well as the body of Austrian names in its syn- and diachronic context for the purpose of making them available to the scientific community as well as the interested public in an up to date and state of the art manor. The institute’s, for the most part, digitalized corps of records not only comprises linguistic material that is unique in its quality as well as quantity, but also archives it in accordance to the UNESCO-Convention on the Protection of Immaterial Cultural Heritage (Paris, 2003).

Pertinent fundamental works are comprised based on long term dimensioned research. The aim hereby is to combine scientific historical traditions and method(olog)ical innovations. The application-oriented development respectively the inter- and trans-disciplinary implementation of computer-lexicographical as well as geo-linguistic concepts, which is realized at the dinamlex, is internationally acknowledged. The Slavic substrate represents an additional field of research within the institute.

The institute’s employees teach at national and international universities and serve as experts for national and international boards such as: “Arbeitsgemeinschaft für kartographische Ortsnamenkunde (AKO)”, “Duden-Verlag

Mannheim (DE)”, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN), “Ständiger Ausschuss für geographische Namen (StAGN).


Project-cluster linguistic-varietyIn the project WBOE the 38TH instalment (lemma stretch Tunst – Twasper) of the “Dictionary of Bavarian Dialects in Austria” (Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich) was published in 2008 and the article sections for the 39th and 40th (e-er-) instalments were elaborated in 2009. The digitization of about 4 million paper slips with information to words about the Bavarian dialects in Austria was bundled in the project “Digitization, Source Critical Indexing and Preparation of Sources” and finalized in respect of the unpublished documents. The source-critical elaboration of these documents has commenced. The transfer of the scientific plant name index with dialectal synonyms into a pilot-database represented a paramount task.

The access to lexicographical data via an interactive, geo-referenced digital map (1st version was developed in the framework of project dbo@ema) is a novelty that serves the methodologically inherent areal conception of the WBOE and the requests regarding geographical information, which the dictionary enterprise receives. The geo-referencing of the corps of documents increases its spectrum of applicability (visualization, possibilities for links via web-based access).

Project-cluster nominAustriae (Researching Austrian Names of the Past and Present)The last articles, supplements and corrigenda for the “Book of Old German Placenames (ANB)” were elaborated. The database, which corresponds to the print version regarding its content, enables answering (area-) linguistic questions concerning Austrian toponyms prior

Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects and Names

Head: Ingeborg Geyer

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to the year 1200 (language shares, suffixes/ primary and determinative words, prevalence of name-types, age levels etc.) and the compilation of linguistic registers.

The pilot-project “ALPKULTUR: The Mountain- and Alpnames of East Tyrol” was successfully completed and digital cartographic analysis of Romanic and Slavic Mountain- and Alpnames is available.

The ANB (printed, digital, database) and the results of ALPKULTUR- project (including database) form the basis of the following projects: “Historisches Salzburger Ortsnamenbuch”( a co operational project, commenced in the autumn of 2009), “Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch von Osttirol”( articles on names are currently in progress), FWF-project WippDigital (enquiry and linguistic commentaries of Wipptal fieldnames commenced on October 1, 2009).

In the framework of project FamOs: Austrian Surnames Online (partly a 3rd party funded project) recent Austrian surnames are analysed regarding their frequency of occur-rence and their regional specificity, based on 40 000 requests.

As the only Austrian research institution that scientifically deals with dialects and names, the dinamlex is increasingly developing into a contact institution for the interested public concerning enquiries on name-origin, dialect-phrases and Austrian German. In addition to the teaching and lecturing of the employees in their fields of expertise, 6 international

conferences and workshops were organized during the period under report, which dealt with aspects of the institute’s research focuses and intensified the exchange of methods and opinions with colleagues from neighbouring countries.

BibliographyWörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Öster-reich (WBÖ). Edited by the Institute of Austrian Dialects and Names (= Bayerisch-Österreichisches Wörterbuch: I. Österreich). 38. Lieferung (2008) bearbeitet von Werner Bauer, Hubert Bergmann, Ingeborg Geyer, Elisabeth Groschopf, Eveline Wandl-Vogt. Vienna, 202 columns. Bergermayer, Angela (2009): Mittelalterliche Per-sonennamen als Zeugnisse deutsch-slowenischer / deutsch-slawischer Sprachkontakte in Österreich und Slowenien. In: Anreiter, Peter (ed.): Miscella-nea Onomastica (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Ono-mastik 7). Vienna, 19–43. Bergmann, Hubert (2009): Randstücke - slo-wenisches dialektales Material im Belegar-chiv zum Wörterbuch der bairischen Mund-arten in Österreich (WBÖ). In: Smole, Vera (ed.): Slovenska narečja med sistemom in rabo (Obdobja 26). Ljubljana, 83-100.Bergmann, Hubert / Hausner, Isolde [together with: Jordan, Peter / Cheetham, Catherine] (eds.) (2009): Geographical Names as a Part of Cultural Heritage (= Wiener Schriften zur Geographie und Kartographie 18). Vienna [196 pp.].Brizić, Katharina (2009): „Best Success Through Language Loss?“ An Incipient Austrian Sociolin-guistic Study on Open Questions in Education and Migration Research. In: Dreyer, Cynthia R. (ed.): Language and linguistics. Emerging trends. Nova Science Publishers, 137–160.Geyer, Ingeborg (2008): Zur Entwicklung von Wort- und Lautgrenzen im bairisch-österreichi-schen Raum. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele aus dem „Wörterbuch der bairischen Mundarten in Österreich“ (WBÖ) und der „Datenbank der bairi-schen Mundarten in Österreich“ (DBÖ). In: Ernst, Peter / Patocka, Franz (eds.): Dialektgeographie der Zukunft. Akten des 2. Kongresses der Internatio-nalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie des Deutschen (IGDD) (= Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Lingu-istik. Beiheft 135). Stuttgart, 193–202.Glauninger, Manfred Michael (2008): Syntheti-sche und analytische „Konjunktiv 2“-Formen im Wiener Nonstandard-Deutsch. In: Patocka, Franz / Seiler, Guido (eds.): Dialektale Morphologie,

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dialektale Syntax. Beiträge zum 2. Kongress der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie des Deutschen, Wien, September 20–23, 2006. Vienna, 233–247. Glauninger, Manfred Michael: „Grammatoprag-matische“ Aspekte von „Dialekt“ in der Wiener Boulevardpresse (im jugendsprachlichen Kontext). In: Kanz, Ulrich / Wildfeuer, Alfred / Zehetner, Ludwig (eds.): Mundart und Medien. Beiträge zum 3. dialektologischen Symposium in Walder-bach, Mai 2008 (= Regensburger Dialektforum 15). Regensburg 2009, 93–112.Kramer, Ulrike (2008): Neger heißt nicht (bloß)

„schwarz“. Wie das Wortfeld ‚Neger‘ seine Bedeu-tung veränderte. Wien [144 pp.]Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2008) Wie man ein Jahrhundertprojekt zeitgemäß hält: Datenbankgestützte Dialektlexikografie am Institut für Österreichische Dialekt- und Namenlexika (I Dinamlex) (mit 10 Abbildungen). In: Ernst, Peter (ed.), Bausteine zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte von Dialektologie / Germanistischer Sprachwissenschaft im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Beiträge zum 2. Kongress der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Dialektologie des Deutschen, Wien, 20. - 23. September 2006; Wien: Praesens, 93-112.

Fig. 2: Query result taken from the online database on family names FamOS

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Aims and FunctionsThe Phonogrammarchiv is the Austrian Audiovisual Research Archive. Founded in 1899 as a sound archive, its activities were expanded into video archiving in 2001. The archive’s tasks are to produce, collect, preserve and disseminate audiovisual research documents of all disciplines and regions. The focus of the collection and research, however, is related to the wide field of the humanities, with an emphasis on ethnolinguistics, dialectology, ethnomusicology as well as cultural/social anthropology. A smaller part of the holdings comprises medical recordings and wildlife sounds.

The holdings of the Phonogrammarchiv are chiefly the result of recording projects conducted by (a) Austrian institutions and scholars with the archive’s (methodological and technical) support; (b) the archive’s curators themselves; (c) Austrian scholars who, though originally carrying out their field research independently of the archive, subsequently deposit their collections in the Phonogrammarchiv in order to ensure their safeguarding and future accessibility for research. Alongside these activities, the Phonogrammarchiv is actively involved in further developing the methods and techniques of audiovisual archiving within a framework of international cooperation, playing a leading role especially in the re-recording of historical sound carriers.

Rudolf M. Brandl, Professor of Comparative Musi-cology at the Georg-August-Universität of Göttingen, Germany, succeeded Dietrich Schüller as Director of the Phonogrammarchiv. He took office on October 1, 2008.


The archive’s recording projects and field research (selection)In the summer of 2009, Rudolf M. Brandl and Li Huang spent several weeks in China, where they conducted

field research devoted to the documentation of Kunqu and other local opera traditions. One of the results of this trip was the invitation of a Kunqu opera troupe to give a first-time performance in Vienna in 2010.

Christian Huber undertook two further linguistic expeditions to India in order to continue his study of hitherto undocumented and unresearched Tibeto-Burman languages in Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh), notably Shumcho.

Within an international project aimed at the documentation of endangered languages, Jürgen Schöpf made valuable recordings of the Tai-Phake, Singpho and Tangsa languages in Upper Assam (India).

Wilfried Schabus continued his linguistic and ethnographical research of the language and culture of the descendants of Austrian emigrants in Brazil, which, in 2009, led to the publication of a book on the Colônia Tirol de Santa Leopoldina.

Phonogrammarchiv

Head: Rudolf M. Brandl

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The studies undertaken by Helmut Kowar (research focus “Mechanical Musical Instruments”) resulted in two CD publications: the virtual reconstruction of Mozart’s KV 594 in 2008, and – in 2009, after years of preparatory work – the first complete edition of all pieces played by the five flute clocks (dating from 1792 to circa. 1800) for which Joseph Haydn had composed special music. These automata are of particular interest as primary sources for historical performance practice.Since the spring of 2008, Katharina Thenius-Wilscher has been engaged in the documentation of current tendencies in the performance of folk and popular music in the south of Lower Austria (“Industrieviertel”); this field research is conceived also as a restudy of the project “Singing and Music-Making in Austria” (Phonogrammarchiv 1978–85).

Hedwig Köb continued her long-term study of the cul-tural activities of the African community in Vienna, concentrating chiefly on cultural events organised and performed by its West African members as well as on their socio-cultural background.

2008 saw the completion of the documentation of the cultural activities of Bukharian and Georgian Jews (project leader: Gerda Lechleitner).

Since October 2008, Christiane Fennesz-Juhasz has been involved in experimental and exploratory research among

Austrian-based Roma and non-Roma, focusing on the intonation and singing style of female Roma singers.

Clemens Gütl, Christian Liebl and Gerda Lechleitner continued research into historical recordings and their contextualisation, in the course of which it has been possible not only to shed more light on several series of African recordings held in the Phonogrammarchiv, but also to discover hitherto unknown facts relating to the researchers Otto Caesar Artbauer and František Pospíšil as well as to the voice portraits of Emperor Franz Joseph I.

Supported field research, ingest of collectionsIn 2008–2009 the Phonogrammarchiv supported a total of 40 research projects, carried out chiefly by Austrian scholars and students. Among the most important collections deposited in the archive are those assembled by Wolfgang Sichardt (Switzerland 1936), Eugen Helimski (Siberia 1976–2000) and Yvonne Schaffler (Dominican Republic 2003–2005).

Technical research and developmentThe digitisation of the historical recordings of the Vienna Symphony Orchestra – a project begun in 2004 – has been completed: a total of 390 tapes (approximately 149 hours of recording time) were digitised. As partner of the Brno Institute of Ethnology (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) in a project related to the complete edition of the works of Leoš Janáček, Franz Lechleitner

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re-recorded (and partly restored) 60 cylinders which the composer had made during his folk music research. F. Lechleitner was also in charge of the re-recording of 329 individual recordings from a hitherto unknown collection of the Reinhardt-Seminar (University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna), comprising unique instantaneous discs with the voices of renowned actors.

Cooperation with the Essl Museum involving the digitisation and safeguarding of its collection of video art presented a new dimension of re-recording, for which it was paramount to take the historical reproducibility of the sources into consideration.

High-resolution video was employed for the first time in the recording of mechanical musical instruments at the Speelklok Museum in Utrecht, for which purpose this technique can be used to great advantage.

Within a project (2005–2009) supported by the Austrian Development Agency it has been possible to achieve the long-term preservation of some 1,700 hours of audiovisual recordings of the Centre of Albanological Studies (Tirana, Albania). The work was carried out by Albanian specialists trained and continuously supervised by the Phonogrammarchiv. Numerous staff from various external institutions were again provided with technical expertise – for instance on the occasion of the seminar “La Salvaguarda del patrimonio sonoro y audiovisual: Un reto mundial” in Mexico City (November 2009), where Nadja Wallaszkovits and Dietrich Schüller were heavily involved holding workshops and lectures.

BibliographyDuring the reporting period a total of 80 publica-tions were completed by Phonogrammarchiv mem-bers of staff, including the following monographs:Brandl, Rudolf M. 2008. Luju (Anhui-Lokaloper): 1.+2. Teil von „Baiyulou“ (Weiße Jade-Kammer) aus Taoxi, China 1988 (live). 3 DVDs (Orbis Mu-3 DVDs (Orbis Mu-sicarum OM 117/A/B/C). Göttingen: Cuvillier.Brandl, Rudolf M. 2009. Changshengdian („Halle des Ewigen Lebens“) der Suzhou Kunyu Juyuan (Jian Kun-Opern-Truppe), China 2009 (live). 1 DVD (= Orbis Musicarum OM 124A). Göttingen: Cuvillier.Kowar, Helmut. 2008. KV 594: „Ein Stück für ein Orgelwerk in einer Uhr“ von W. A. Mozart. Eine virtuelle Rekonstruktion. (Tondokumente aus dem Phonogrammarchiv der Österreichischen Akade-mie der Wissenschaften: Mechanische Musikin-strumente, Vol. 6; OEAW PHA CD 26). Wien: VÖAW. [mit Booklet 16 S.]

Kowar, Helmut. 2009. Joseph Haydn – Sämtliche Flötenuhren. (Tondokumente aus dem Phono-grammarchiv der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Mechanische Musikinstrumente, Vol. 7; OEAW PHA CD 29). Wien: VOEAW. [mit Booklet 20 S.]Lechleitner, Gerda & Grozdana Marošević (Ed., unter Mitarbeit von Christian Liebl & Jakša Pri-morac). 2009. Croatian Recordings 1901–1936. (Tondokumente aus dem Phonogrammarchiv der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Gesamtausgabe der Historischen Bestände 1899–1950, herausgegeben von Dietrich Schüller; Serie 11/1, OEAW PHA CD 27). Wien: VOEAW. [mit Booklet 175 S.]Liebl, Christian (Ed., unter Mitarbeit von Ger-da Lechleitner). 2009. Judeo-Spanish from the Balkans: The Recordings by Julius Subak (1908) and Max A. Luria (1927). (Tondokumente aus dem Phonogrammarchiv der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften: Gesamtausga-be der Historischen Bestände 1899–1950; Se-rie 12, OEAW PHA CD 28). Wien: VOEAW. [mit Booklet 77 S.]Schabus, Wilfried. 2009. Tirol do Brasil: Das „Dorf Tirol“ in Brasilien. Hall in Tirol, Wien: Beren-Hall in Tirol, Wien: Beren-kamp Verlag. Schöpf, Jürgen. 2008. The Serankure and Music in Tlôkweng, Botswana. (Intercultural Music Studies, 13). Berlin: VWB. [mit DVD]

Fig. 3 The staff of the Audiovisual Research Archive have always been particularly active in the organising of conferences and the dissemina-�� on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of its foundation, publications, ��z��'��¥�� <z��#�� <<� ��0�� 8��(�� 8��#��'/� �� |��|��8��#��8��#�� 8��#

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The Presidential Office has a staff of four full-time employees. It provides administrative, operational and advisory support to the President in the performance of his many duties.

Alongside extensive support activities, the Presidential Office is also responsible for handling five administrative bodies and plays a coordinating and structuring role in Academy-wide projects on the instructions of the Presiding Committee.

Handling administrative bodies

General meetingsThe general meeting is convened at least eight times a year, and is the Academy’s supreme decision-making body. The full members, the delegates of the corresponding members in Austria and the Young Academy meet in the full session of the general meeting. The Presidential Office together with the administrative offices for the Sections is responsible for organising the general meeting including the preparation of the agenda, the smooth course of the proceedings and the follow-up work.

Meetings of the Presiding CommitteeThe Presiding Committee meets at regular, mostly weekly intervals in order to discuss and adopt decisions on scientific and operational matters. The Presidential Office’s function is to prepare the meeting – prepare the agenda, arrange for the corresponding documents, invitations to all participants – and the follow-up work, in particular with respect to the resolutions adopted by the President.

Strategy and Planning CommissionThe Strategy and Planning Commission (SPC) is a body with advisory and recommendatory functions that was first convened in March 2008. The SPC is made up of 10 full members from different subjects, a

corresponding member in Austria and a representative of the Young Academy.

The President and two representatives of the Conference of Institute Directors participate at the SPC meetings in an advisory capacity. In 2008/09, there were 21 regular SPC meetings and two extraordinary meetings. The Presidential Office is responsible for preparing the meeting and the follow-up work, including the keeping of the minutes.

SenateThe Senate assists the Academy in fundamental issues. The Senate is composed of nine high-ranking personalities from the field of politics, the economy and science in Austria and abroad. The Presiding Committee participates in the meetings of the Senate in an advisory capacity. Three meetings of the Senate were held in 2008/09. The Presidential Office is responsible for preparing the meetings and the follow-up work, and for the keeping of the minutes.

Research Board of TrusteesThe Research Board of Trustees is made up of 11 internationally reputed scientists and acts as an external academic advisory board to guarantee the further development and quality of the research pursued at the Academy. The constituting meeting of this Board took place in April 2009, the second meeting taking place in October 2009. The Presidential Office is responsible for preparing the meetings and the follow-up work – from the organisation of travel to the taking of minutes – and for the necessary flow of information and communication between the Presiding Committee and the Research Board of Trustees between the meetings.

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Intellectual Capital ReportThe Academy’s Intellectual Property Report is published each year as a means of rendering account to the Ministry

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of Science and Research, the National Foundation, other external organisations and the general public. The Intellectual Capital Report provides ^key figures to present an overview of the potential, activities and accomplishments of the Academy in the year under review.

Editorial responsibility lies with the Presidential Office. This extends from the gathering of the key figures, the text contributions and the layout, the coordination of the supply of information and data to the validation of the data and proofreading.

Structural measuresSince mid-2009, the Presidential Office has been working together with the Office of the Secretary General and the Office for Legal Affairs on the draft of a position paper by the Presiding Committee on the further reform of the Academy organisation as a whole.

Development plan and performance agreementThe Presidential Office, together with the administrative offices for the Sections, is responsible for coordinating the Academy’s development planning, which is intended

to provide the content basis for the pending long-term performance agreement with the Federal Ministry for Science and Research. In 2009, the Office obtained and compiled the necessary basic information from the central administrative units.

AlmanacUntil the change of President in July 2009, responsibility for the editing of the almanac lay with the Presidential Office.

Post DepartmentThe Post Department with two employees (1.75 FTE) and including the telephone exchange is under the responsibility of the Presidential Office.

The department’s functions consist in the acceptance and internal distribution of mail, the dispatch of mail for the Central Administration and the Society of Friends of the Academy and the ordering and provision of office material for the Central Administration. In the course of 2008/09, around 120,000 incoming mail items were distributed within the Academy by the Post Department and around 80,000 items of outgoing mail dispatched.

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FunctionsThe range of functions covers the provision of strategic advice for knowledge communication, media work (organisation of media contacts, drafting, editing and sending press releases, organisation of press conferences and press discussions, media observation and media analysis), the handling of the Academy news pages and the general pages of the Academy website, the organisational support and handling of events, organisational support for Academy lecture series, corporate design, the design, editing and production of various print products and the overall layout of the research magazine “Thema”.

In the field of internal communication, information is transmitted to the various mailing lists in electronic form, and in addition access is provided for all staff members to APA-ZukunftWissen.

Focus on media workThe Academy’s media presence is based not least on the information provided to the media through the broad distribution of press releases, through direct media contacts, through the individual provision of information material and through the mediation of contact with scientists.

In 2008, a total of 123 press releases were sent to media representatives in Austria and abroad and published on the Academy’s website. In 2009, this figure rose to 142. The recipients include news agencies, daily and weekly newspapers, magazines, radio and television and various online media. The press releases are pub-lished on the Academy’s website at the same time as they are sent out. Almost all releases are published as original reports in APA-ZukunftWissen, and are thus made available not only to media representatives but also to researchers and other persons involved in research policy and funding.

An important factor in the Academy’s media presence is played by the media cooperation agreements con-cluded by the Academy in 2008 and 2009 with the daily newspapers “Der Standard” (a supplement each Wednesday entitled “Research Special”) and “Die Presse” (in 2008, every Wednesday in the supplement “Knowledge and Innovation”, and in 2009 in the Sun-day edition of the newspaper).

In 2008, a special supplement to the daily newspaper “Die Presse” presented selected topics from the Acad-emy’s research on the occasion of the Ceremonial Session in May 2008.

In May 2009, a special supplement to the daily news-paper “Kurier” was published, likewise on the occa-sion of the Ceremonial Session. A further cooperation concerned the trade journal “Austria Innovativ”, in which the Academy was presented in a full-page ar-ticle in August 2008. In 2008, there was also a coop-eration with the Austrian broadcasting company ORF, in the framework of which film documentaries were produced on selected topics. A short version of these documentaries was shown within the framework of the Ceremonial Sessions 2008.

On special occasions, for instance major scientific con-ferences or the presentation of scientific studies, the Public Relations Office organises press discussions, mostly at the Academy’s premises. Six such discussions were held in both 2008 and 2009.

With the assistance of an external media monitoring company, the Public Relations Office conducts ex-tensive media observation and analysis activities. The clippings from the Austrian print and online media, from radio and television and from other German-speaking countries are catalogued and stored in a database. In 2008, mention was made of the Acad-

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emy as a research performing organisation, learned society or as a promoter of young researchers in a total of 4,319 articles, of which 15% were in foreign media. Less than 1% of the articles contained contro-versial discussion on the Academy. In 2009, the fig-ure rose to 4,382 articles mentioning the Academy. In the meantime, the documentation of the media presence has acquired considerable importance for the individual research units and is an important aspect of the annual Intellectual Capital Report.

EventsThe Academy organises high-quality lectures and discussions with the aim of making topics of current research understandable to a public interested in sci-entific matters. The OeAW Lectures, held since 1998 with different topics each year, have been expanded and have established themselves as an important con-tribution by the Academy to the repeatedly demand for public discourse on the influence of scientific knowl-edge on society, the economy and politics.

In 2008, four lectures on the topic of applied mathe-matics were held in the “Johann Radon Lectures” series started in 2007. In 2008/2009, the “Auer von Welsbach Lectures” (six lectures) addressed current research top-ics in chemistry and October 2009 saw the start of the the “Eduard Suess Lectures” on earth sciences.

These lecture series are accompanied by discussion events for schoolchildren, organised jointly by the Academy and the Vienna School Board. Since 2008, there has also been a cooperation with the Lower Austrian Education Society, within which pupils from Lower Austria are given the opportunity to at-tend the Academy Lectures. Overall organisation, the contacts with the scientific organisers, the handling of the cooperation with the joint organisers and spon-sors, schools and the media is the responsibility of the Public Relations Office.

As a means of increasing public awareness, the Acad-emy participated very successfully in the “Long Night of Research” in 2008 and 2009. The Public Relations Office was responsible for the Coordina-

tion of the Vienna sites – in both years, the Academy research units were presented in the Hall of Sciences (Wollzeile 27A, 1010 Vienna).

WebsiteThe Academy’s website provides information about the Academy’s structure, functions and activities and serves both internal and external communication. The Public Relations office handles the entire Academy news pages and other general pages, in close cooperation with ITS. The news pages regularly announce events – 160 in each of 2008 and 2009 – and publishes current press releases. Interested users and media representatives can register to receive the monthly newsletter and current press releases by email. The electronic newsletter was sent to around 800 recipients in 2008 and 2009.

Topic of the month and the research magazine “Thema”In September 2006, the online “Topic of the month” section was started, dealing with topics that change each month. In 2008, a research magazine was developed from the online Topic of the Month, with the first pub-lication of the printed product appearing in September 2008 under the title “Thema. Das Forschungsmagazin der ÖAW”. Each issue covers four topics of the month, supplemented by current research announcements from the Academy, awards, events and information from the Academy Press. A further three issues were published in 2009. The preparation of the texts, the entire layout of the magazine and the organisation of production and mailing was handled by the Public Relations Office.

Printed materialsUsing the Academy’s corporate design, the Public Relations Office provides a number of printed ma-terials such as folders for research units, invitations, programmes and posters for lectures, conferences and symposia. Seven folders were produced in 2008 and nine in 2009 for the Academy’s research units.

In addition, the Public Relations Office organises the production of the Academy’s printed materials for all research and administrative units, and also supplies a number of other CD products. The range was further extended in 2008/2009.

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its partner countries in Central and South-eastern European, further consolidating the traditionally excellent bilateral relationships between the Academy and the Western Balkans.

In the light of the Academy’s particular focus on co-operation activities with partner academies within the European Union, the bilateral agreements on the scientist exchange programmes between the Academy and the academies of sciences of Estonia and Lithuania were renewed during the period under review.

In addition, the successful involvement of Academy research units in the EU framework programme was continued in 2008 and 2009. The research units par-ticipated in a total of 68 EU projects, of which 23 were part of the 7th EU-FP, 29 part of the 6th EU FP and a further 16 part of other EU subsidy programmes. The Academy played a coordinating function in nine of these projects.

These activities continue a tradition begun when the Academy was founded that has become a politically essential element in the international network of rela-tionships and as part of its function of opening doors and building bridges.

The Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) cultivates close contacts worldwide with academies of science. Thanks to currently 45 bilateral agreements with for-eign partner academies, the OeAW performs a door-opening function for Austrian science.

Within a unified Europe, bilateral contacts continue to play a decisive role in consolidating and network-ing national research interests and in supporting researcher mobility. In this way, the Academy makes an essential contribution to the creation of a Euro-pean research region.

These bilateral agreements are the basis for the Acad-emy’s scientist exchange programme, under which 593 guests visited the Academy during the period under review. These guests were invited or nominated by the partner academies upon invitation by Academy mem-bers to participate in Academy’ research unit projects or to attend conferences, symposia and workshops or-ganised by the Academy’s research units. In addition, 233 visits were undertaken by Academy research unit staff and Academy members.

In the last few years, the Academy has continued the bilateral contacts with academies of sciences in

International Relations

Head: Bernhard Plunger

Country

Albania

Azerbaijan

Belarus

Belgium

Institution Albanian Academy of Sciences, Tirana

Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk

Royal Academy of Sciences and fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels

Country

Bulgaria Canada China

China

China

Institution Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing

Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences, Lhasa

216 International Relations

Country

Croatia

Czech Republic

Egypt

Estonia

Finland

France

Georgia

Great Britain

Great Britain

Greece

Hungary

Iran

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Kosovo

Latvia

Lithuania

Macedonia

Institution Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague

Academy for Scientific Research and Technology of the Arabic Republic of Egypt, Cairo

Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn

Academy von Finland, Helsinki

National Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris

Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi

Royal Society, London

British Academy, London

Academy of Athens, Athens

Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest

Academy of Sciences of the Islamic Repu-blic Iran, Teheran

Royal Irish Academy, Dublin

Israeli Academy of Sciences, Jerusalem

National Academy of Sciences, Rome

Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo, Prishtina

Latvian Academy of Sciences, Riga

Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Vilnius

Macedonian Academy of Sciences und Arts, Skopje

Country

Moldova

Mongolia

Poland

Romania

Russia

The Netherlands

Serbia

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Korea

Spain

Sweden

Sweden

Switzerland

Taiwan

Tajikistan

Turkey

Ukraine

Vojvodina

Institution Academy of Sciences and Arts of Moldova, Chisinau

Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulan Bator

Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw

Romanian Academy, Bucharest

Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam

Serbian Academy of Sciences, Belgrade

Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava

Slovenian Academy of Sciences und Arts, Ljubljana

Korean Academy of Sciences and Technology, Seoul

Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid

Royal Academy of Literature, History and the Antiques, Stockholm

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm

Swiss Academy of Natural Sciences, Bern

Academia Sinica, Taipei

Tajik Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe

Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara

National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev

Academy of Sciences and Arts of Vojvodi-na, Novi Sad

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annual reports and the work on the Intellectual Capital Report. Improved reports provide a better overview and monitoring possibilities.

Evaluations of research units were supported for the first time in 2009 by means of AkademIS data ex-tracts in a pilot project. Here again, use was made of data already input, which was of considerable benefit to the research units in their preparation of the docu-ments for the evaluators.

As a result of the adjustments to Eurostat during the pe-riod under review, 2009 also included an R&D survey by Statistik Austria, which this time was handled entirely by AkademIS. The second half of the year was domi-nated by the development of AkademIS 2.0. Until the very last minute, the user interface was re-fined and many hours invested in software quality assurance. AkademIS 2.0 was made available to the whole Academy in September.

In order to improve the coordination of the Acad-emy’s range of services with the requirements of the central administration, needs analysis discussions were conducted with all the heads of the adminis-trative departments and service units. These discus-sions were completed in 2009 and the results taken into account in the development plan for AkademIS and the administrative office.

Towards the end of the year, the server infrastructure on which AkademIS runs was replaced, which led to a perceptible increase in speed for all users. A further opportunity to reuse data already input is the presen-tation on the research units’ home pages. A number of research units have been linked to AkademIS in a prototype operation. This possibility of presenting AkademIS data on homepages is encountering great interest and is gradually being expanded.

The Administrative Office for Information Manage-ment was founded in 2007 and organises the flow of information in and between the Academy’s or-ganisational units and between the Academy and the relevant surroundings.

A central but by no means only tool for this is the web-based (research) information system AkademIS, which stores the Academy’s research data, organisa-tional data and member details.

In 2008 again, a major part of the Academy’s 2007 Intellectual Capital Report was prepared with the assistance of AkademIS. At the same time, various tools made available to the research units simpli-fied the production of these units’ annual reports. The strategy of making repeated use of data input only once was also consistently pursued in 2008.

The Statistik Austria R&D survey, hitherto a time-consuming filling out of paper forms, was simpli-fied for the research units, which merely had to use the AkademIS data and the fully electronic data exchange. In 2008, the demand increased for a new version of the AkademIS user interface, which was the starting signal for AkademIS 2.0, the aim of which was an improved search and hence an improved user access to AkademIS data, personalisation possibilities and improved usability with a flatter learning curve. A central role in the new develop-ment process was played by usability tests in which prototypes of the new AkademIS interface were tested by its users. This made it possible to identify weak points at an early stage and increase the accept-ance of the final product.

At the beginning of each year, the Information Management office is responsible for providing sup-port to the research units in the preparation of the

Information Management

Head: Alexander Höfer

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the Federal Ministry of Science and Research were subjected to an external evaluation: APART, DOC, DOC-fFORTE, DOC-team and ROM. The report by the evaluation team led by Dr Reinhard Grunwald, the former Secretary General of the German Research Society (DFG) confirmed that the Academy’s funding philosophy with its focus on individual funding, support for international mobility and the encouragement of women, is being successfully implemented and that the Academy’s fellowship programmes have an important system function in the context of the promotion of young researchers in Austria.

Within the framework of the evaluation, a wide-scale poll was carried out amongst current and former fellow-ship recipients and unsuccessful applicants. This study showed overall a high level of satisfaction with the de-sign of the funding programmes and the administration by the Office for Fellowships and Awards at the Acad-emy. The majority of the persons polled regarded the re-ceipt of an Academy fellowship as a particular honour and above all appreciated the possibility of being able to research abroad within the framework of the Fellowship. Nine out of ten recipients would beyond doubt decide again in favour of an Academy fellowship, a remarkably high percentage even in international terms.

In addition, the poll provided evidence that the funding objectives defined in the programme statutes – award of doctorate in the case of the doctoral programme and post-doctoral degree or an equivalent accomplishment through publication of corresponding works in the case of APART – are essentially satisfied: 87% of the DOC fellowship recipients were awarded doctorates within four years after conclusion of the fellowship and 72% of former APART recipients obtained post-doctoral qualifications.

AwardsUnfortunately the Foundation’s financial situation meant

Each year around 230 scientists are financed by means of fellowships, awards and project subsidies.

The fellowship programmes are mainly financed by funds from the Federal Ministry for Science and Research (FMSR) together with revenue from sponsoring and private foundations such as the Max Kade Foundation, L’ORÉAL Austria and the City of Vienna.

FellowshipsThe number of applications for the APART, DOC, DOC-fFORTE and MAX KADE programmes remained relatively constant as compared with the previous years. The percentage of applications accepted for the DOC doctoral programme increased slightly in 2009 as compared with the previous year, from 25 to 28%, while 21% of APART applications were accepted in 2009, a further slight fall as compared with previous years.

In 2009, more than twice as many applications were filed for DOC-team than in previous years; this year again, fewer scholarships were awarded, and the number of successful applicants fell from 52% to just under 15%.

MAX KADE The target group for the MAX KADE funding programme, which uses funds from the Max Kade Foundation in New York to finance research visits to the USA, was expanded: applications can now be made by scientists in all fields of research, instead of previously being limited to the fields of medicine, natural sciences and technical sciences.

Evaluation of the fellowship programmesIn 2008, five funding programmes for doctorates and post-doctorates at the Academy financed by funds from

Fellowships and Awards

Head: Barbara Haberl

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that five Academy awards had to be dropped: the Erich Schmid Award, the Felix Kuschenitz Award, the Fritz Pregl Award and the Figdor Awards for law, social sciences and economics, and for linguistics and literature.

However, in the period under review two awards were also announced for the first time. The Karl Schlögl Award was set up at the initiative of Rosemarie Schlögl in memory of her husband, the former Secretary General and Vice President of the Academy, and is awarded for an excellent diploma thesis or dissertation in the field of chemistry.

Dr Alfred Bader, who has already donated two awards to the Academy, has set up a further award for the promotion of young researchers. The Bader Prize for the History of Natural Sciences is intended to support collaboration between historians and natural scientists and serve as a stimulus for the development or further development of a research project or dissertation.

Anniversary Fund of the City of Vienna for the Austrian Academy of SciencesIn 2008, research projects were funded on the topic of

“Artistic, cultural and urban development in Vienna” in all fields of the social and cultural sciences and the humanities. In 2009, projects were submitted on the topics of “Structure formation” in the fields of the natural sciences, mathematics, information sciences and all applied natural sciences. Two research projects can be funded up to a maximum of Euro 80,000 each year within the framework of the Anniversary Fund.

New awardsIn 2009, awards to the amount of Euro 3,700 were conferred for the first time for publications by scientists working at an Academy research unit. In the field of the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences, the Best Paper Award is given to the author of an original article published or accepted for publication in a peer-reviewed international scientific journal; in the field of the Section for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, the Award for the Best Publication is given to the author of a monograph published in the previous year.

Information on the fellowship recipients and the means for applying for all the programmes can be found on the Academy’s website: www.stipendien.at

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Vienna 9th District, Boltzmanngasse 3: restorati-on of the facade and construction of a lift tower with a passenger lift.Vienna 16th District, Savoyenstrasse 1a: handling a de-velopment planning stage, demolition of house No. 8.Leoben, Jahnstrasse 12: laboratory installations in the basement, construction of the TEM LaboratoryMondsee, Mondseestrasse 9: planning and start of conversion work at the Institute for Limnology

Future projects were prepared in the form of studies and preliminary drafts:

New building for the Institute for Biomedical Age Research at the UMIT Campus in Hall in Tyrol.Revitalisation of the Old University of Vienna, Postgasse 7 – 9, 3rd construction stage (OeAW City Campus)Institute for Particle Physics (HEPHY and SMI): stu-dy on the site of the Atomic Institute, Stadionallee.

An overview and further information on the Academy’s building projects can be found in the master plan.

The Facility Management department provides a stra-tegic framework for the efficient administration of the land, buildings, facilities, equipment, machinery, instal-lations and infrastructures (“facilities”) and their adapta-tion to changing needs. In 2009, within the framework of a facility inventory, all assets were recorded Austria-wide using the Academy’s CAFM tool. This was based on plans and corresponding floor plan catalogues from the CAFM program. In the field of property manage-ment, the department assisted in various tenancy nego-tiations (including for RICAM Vienna VBC site) and the closure of the “Hall of Sciences” and the Lunz site.

The Safety Service provides advice to staff on mat-ters of work safety and workplace design. Periodic in-spections of the work premises and the building sites

The Office for Building and Facility Management plans and coordinates matters concerning the buildings and the rooms of the Academy itself and of the state buildings made available to the Academy for its use. In order to optimise the resources, the Office also operates an extensive facility management programme for all the sites. The department’s aim is to provide competent and reliable services for the research operations and their staff by providing the best possible working environment.In accordance with its functions, the Office is divided into the Building Department, Facility Management, Safety Services and Building Management. These ac-tivities, carried out in collaboration with the in-house technical staff or the persons responsible for the prop-erties at the currently over 30 sites, and in co-operation with the safety and health protection preventive serv-ices, enable the Office to provide the best possible sup-port for the staff at their work places.

The Building Department’s field of activities comprises all the phases of building and equipment planning, from initial studies up to site supervision, with adapta-tion and maintenance measures being to the fore in the period under review. In 2008 and 2009, the following projects were implemented:

Vienna 1st District, Dr. Ignaz Seipel Platz: renova-tion of the conference room; conversion of offices on the 2nd floor.Vienna 1st District, Bäckerstrasse 5: renting and adaptation of officesVienna 1st District, Fleischmarkt 20-22: redesign of office premises and the sanitary facilities.Vienna 1st District, Reichsratsstrasse 17: conversi-on and refurbishment of the work rooms.Vienna 1st District, Liebiggasse 5: refurbishment of the functional elements in a group of offices and archive rooms.Vienna 1st District, Postgasse 7-9 / Stöckel: conver-sion of offices and ancillary rooms on the 1st floor.

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Head: Helmut Schuch

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ensure that the statutory worker protection regula-tions are implemented. In 2009, an evaluation was made of the sites at Technikerstrasse 21a, Innsbruck (IQOQI), and Reichsratstrasse 17 Vienna, 1st District (PHA, ESR), and safety training courses (fire protec-tion) were organised.

Building Management is responsible for efficient every-day management of the properties. In the last two years, it has also been responsible for coordinating cleaning, repair and maintenance services and for the management of relocation activities and the administration of the furnishings.

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The participation of the Academy research units in the Long Night of Research has become a regular event in the Academy’s calendar. It is used to present current research projects from almost all the fields of research represented at the Academy. This event is targeted at schoolchildren, students and adults and each year attracts around 2000 highly interested visitors.

A little more than one half of the scientific events (62 out of 117) were accounted for by external organisers in 2008. In 2009, this share fell to around one third (46 out of 141). The organisers are the Vienna-based universities, private universities, ministries, international scientific societies, institutions of the European Commission, business enterprises, lobbies and NGOs. Thus the circle of scientific and science-related institutions traditionally linked with the Academy increased significantly in 2008/09.

The Academy’s public function: communication of knowledgeThe Academy plays an important role in the communication and mediation of knowledge: thus in 2008 the Academy conducted the successful public Johann Radon Lectures, Lise Meitner Lectures and Carl Auer von Welsbach Lectures. Within the framework of the Ceremonial Session in 2008, a symposium was held on the topic of Aesthetics and Science, accompanied by an exhibition (14-30 May 2008) in the Hall of Sciences. On the occasion of the commencement of operations of the LHC particle accelerator (Large Hadron Collider) at the CERN research centre, the “LHC 2008 – The largest machine in the world looking for the smallest particle in the universe” exhibition (organised by the Institute for High Energy Physics at the Academy and the FMSR) was presented in the Hall of Sciences. This touring exhibition was open daily from 15 to 31 October 2008, and 140 school classes were given special guided tours through the exhibition.

The Event Management’s task is to handle the organisation and implementation of scientific events held by the Presiding Committee, the Academy’s research units or selected external organisers at the Dr. Ignaz Seipel-Platz 2 and Sonnenfelsgasse 19 sites.

Two basic trends emerged in the science-related events in the 2008/09 period: a significant increase in the demand for the historical events rooms and the increase in the number of events organisers.

Overview of the events held at the Academy in 2008-2009117 events of a scientific character were held in 2008; the historical events rooms of the Academy were booked for 192 days – the difference resulting from the fact that some events lasted more than one day. In 2009, the number of events increased to 141 (up 20% over the previous year), while room occupation increased by 17% to 225 days.

In 2008, the Academy could also make use of the Hall of Sciences (Wollzeile 27a) for scientific events. In 2009, this venue was only available to the Academy until June, and was then taken over by the FMSR for its exclusive use. The Hall of Sciences was used for conferences, lectures, award-giving ceremonies, specialist seminars and information events for school-children. In 2008 and 2009, the share of science-re-lated events was around 55%.

Academy research units and external organisersRoughly one half of the scientific events in 2008 were held by Academy research units (55 out of 117). In 2009, this share rose to 67% (95 out of 141 events). A good majority of the scientific events were accounted for by international conferences, symposia, workshops, lectures, platform discussions, presentations of studies and books by the Academy’s institutes, research departments and commissions.

Event Management

Head: Martina Milletich

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The public OeAW lecture series Carl Auer von Welsbach Lectures and Eduard Suess Lectures continued to enjoy a huge success in 2009. As a contribution to the Interna-tional Charles Darwin Year 2009, the Academy planned and held an international symposium on “Evolution. The foundations for understanding change in the world”. The event was jointly organised with the FMSR, the University of Vienna and the City of Vienna.

Under the title “Haydn Lectures 2009”, the Academy arranged the programme for a series of lectures and concerts (in collaboration with the Vienna University

for Music and Performing Arts, the City of Vienna and the Orchestra of the Vienna Academy). One of the musical highlights was the performance of the oratorio “The Creation” in the Festival Hall of the Academy on 31 May 2009.

An international symposium on the reception of Joseph Haydn in the 21st century (organised together with the Esterházy Privatstiftung, Internationale Joseph Haydn Privatstiftung Eisenstadt and the City of Vienna) brought the Academy’s Haydn events to a fitting conclusion.

Event Management

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the relevant representatives of the Federal Ministry for Science and Research and internally in the coordination of the budget with the heads of the administrative offices. For 2008, a 2008 budget was adopted at the General Meeting on 17.10.2008, while for 2009, a double budget for 2009 and 2010 was adopted at the General Meeting on 16.10.2009. The Office of the Secretary General plays a decisive role in monitoring the implementation of the budget. Particular attention is paid on the one hand to compliance with obligations by the federal ministry responsible and secondly to compliance with internal budget requirements. Within the framework of the examination of projects and resolution materials for the Presiding Committee, the Office of the Secretary General’s information functions involve the issue of warnings.

Support for the Financial Board of Trustees of the Austrian Academy of SciencesThe Office of the Secretary General also handles all matters for the Academy’s Financial Board of Trustees set up in 2008. A total of four meetings were held in 2008 and 2009. The Financial Board of Trustees of the Austrian Academy of Sciences deals with the assessment and analysis of the accounts, advice on matters of financial planning and the review of financial matters in terms of efficiency, economy and appropriateness. The Office assists the members of the Financial Board of Trustees by preparing documents related to the items on the agenda in consultation with the Board’s chairman.

The Office of the Secretary General’s teamThe Office of the Academy’s Secretary General of the Academy is led by Dr Alexander Nagler ([email protected]), who has been the Academy’s controller since 1 May 2006. Ms Martina Maidl ([email protected]) has been responsible since 18 August 2008 for the Secretary General’s administrative functions and for support in controlling issues.

The functions of the Office of the Secretary General of the Austrian Academy of Sciences include

support for the Secretary General in strategic and operational matterscontrolling functionssupport for the Academy’s Financial Board of Trustees.

Strategic and operational support for the Secretary GeneralSince 01.07.2009, the Secretary General of the Academy has been f.m. Arnold Suppan. This post was held by f.m. Herwig Friesinger from 01.10.2003 to 30.6.2009. The support provided to the Secretary General covers the preparation and follow-up work for all business meetings attended by the Secretary General and all discussions held by the Secretary General with representatives of the federal ministries and other institutions. Of particular importance is the preparation of documents in advance of budget negotiations with the Federal Minister for Science and Research and the support provided to the Secretary General during these negotiations. The Office is also the interface between the Secretary General and the administrative departments for which he acts as chairman according to the Academy’s internal rules: these are the Office of the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences, the Accounting Office, the Human Resources Office, the Legal Office and the Facility Management Office (together with the Office of the Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences).

Controlling: planning, monitoring and informationThe functions in the field of controlling include in particular the planning activities in the field of project coordination, the preparation of the budget and financial and liquidity planning. The preparation of the overall budget by merging and consolidating the Academy’s part budgets takes place externally in coordination with

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Head: Alexander Nagler

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'�� +�� and Social Sciences

Head: Lisbeth Triska

The Office of the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences at the Austrian Academy of Sciences is responsible for the administration and for all matters concerning the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences. It sees itself as a link between the members, the research units and the Presiding Committee, and has an advisory role in the preparation of decisions for all these units and bodies.The many functions of the Office can be divided into three main areas:

administration of the membersadministration of the research unitspress/book production

Administration of the members of the Section for the Humanities and Social SciencesThis aspect comprises the preparation of the meetings of the Section, the implementation of the Section’s resolutions, the upkeep of the members’ personnel files and the preparation, conduct and follow-up work for the elections of the Section’s members. In each of 2008 and 2009, as laid down in the standing orders, eight meetings of the Section were prepared, conducted and followed up.

Administration of the research units of the Section for the Humanities and Social SciencesThe Office was responsible for 36 research units in the last two years. The focus was on the the provision of advice to the heads of the units, the preparation of the Section’s budget, the preparation of proposals for the Section’s scientific objectives, the involvement in the determination of corporate development, the monitoring of the scientific programmes, the review of contracts, staff evaluation, etc.

In particular, the Office of the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences sees itself as the first point of contact for the research units so that decisions

can be prepared in advance in the best possible way while minimising the burden placed on the research units and their staff.

The following are examples of the activities from the period under review:

In 2008, it was decided to convert a research office into an institute. This was prepared by the Office through the provision of the documents on which the decision was to be based, such as foreign expertise opinions and the submission of the matter to the administrative bod-ies responsible.

In 2009, preparatory and coordination work was provided for the conversion of two research units and a commission into institutes for a limited period of three years.

In 2008, two, and in 2009 four directors were appointed at the institutes of the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences. The Office organised the advertisements and selection proceedings and coordinated the corresponding discussion and decision-making bodies In addition, the Office is responsible for administering the Section’s dissertation programme. This programme is intended to promote junior researchers, enabling them to carry out independent scientific work on their dissertations while being involved in a research unit and its programme.

In 2008, seven dissertation posts were awarded. For budgetary reasons, the programme could not be of-fered in 2009, although four doctoral students success-fully completed the programme that year.

Thanks to the Vienna-related projects administered and handled by the Office and funded by the Cul-tural Department of the City of Vienna (MA), De-partment for Scientific and Research Subsidies, the

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research units acquired outside funds to the amount of € 374,000 in 2008 and € 345,000 in 2009.

In order to be able to access details of the persons of relevance to the Office more quickly and more flexibly, a database was prepared in 2009 containing extensive sociodemographic details about each person.

Press/book productionThe Office as part of the Academy Press is responsible for the publication of the members’ and the research units’ results. The functions include in particular the submission of manuscripts, the holding of assessment proceedings, the submission of offers, the preparation of the Publications Committee meeting,

the adoption of the resolutions by the Publications Committee, the supervision of the production, the administration of the printing budget, invoice control and payment instructions.

In the field of book production, prime focus is again on providing comprehensive advice to the authors. In the four ordinary and two extraordinary meetings of the Publication Commission in 2008, 110 publications were submitted for production, the acceptance of which was discussed in detail. 71 printed works and one CD were put into production. In 2009, finally, 92 manuscripts were submitted to the Publication Committee for consultation and 103 works were put into production.

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Head: Wilhelm Henrich

Expenditure 2008-2009The Academy’s “Medium-term Research Programme 2006-2011” sets out for the public the Academy’s ideas concerning the planning and quality assessment of research activities. International evaluation is a decisive part of this process and extends beyond the current “medium-term research programme 2006-2011”. It constitutes the basis for the standards against which the Academy measures its units and is at the same time an important feedback to the units concerning the quality of their work. The Academy considers that this is an exemplary initiative for Austrian research that can be applied beyond its own organisation. The results of the last evaluation cycle have been made available to the public and comprise recommendations in part of a structural and in part of a thematic nature. They serve as the basis for measures such as an increase or reduction of personnel, a change in the research objectives within existing units and also for fundamental decisions such as the closure, merger, opening or transfer of units.

However, in order to implement the results of research evaluation, corresponding financial preconditions must be satisfied. At the initiative of the federal government, the Academy has been awarded additional funds by the Council for Research and Technology Development

since 2001 for improvement measures within the framework of the Medium-Term Research Programme. It is only thanks to these special funds that it has been possible to maintain research operations, since the federal budget funds for the Academy’s research units have not been increased. Additional funds have been made available to the organisations set up as limited liability companies, namely the IMBA – Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, the GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute for Molecular Plant Biology and the CeMM – Research Centre for Molecular Medicine.

Thanks to projects commissioned by the EU, the federal state, the provinces and local government authorities, and thanks to project funds provided by the Research Subsidy Fund and other organisa-tions and funding bodies, around 30% of expenditure was raised in competition with national and interna-tional research organisations.

The bar charts distinguish between ordinary budget funds and third-party funds. As shown by the details in these diagrams, over 60% of the research units’ funds were spent on personnel. The remainder was distributed across investments, contracts for work and services, material and operating costs.

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Human ResourcesHead: Katja Fiala

The Human Resources Office is the unit that administers all the personnel matters for all Academy staff. Within the OeAW’s presidential structure, the Office is responsible to the Academy’s Secretary General.

The Academy, Austria’s largest non-university research institution, currently employs (as of March 2010) 1,143 employees at 29 sites in 10 regions in Austria. The Academy has always had a “section structure”, for historical reasons, and the research units that are part of the Academy are grouped into fields of research in the Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences and into centres in the Section for the Humanities and Social Sciences.

Currently, the Mathematical-Natural Sciences cluster comprises 15 scientific institutes and 9 scientific com-missions at 22 sites in Austria and two units abroad (Tri-este and Geneva/CERN), with a total personnel budget in 2009 of around € 27.8 million and a staff of 570.

The Humanities-Social Sciences cluster is broken down into 17 scientific institutes and 19 scientific commissions at 14 sites as well as two offices abroad (the Austrian Cul-tural Institute in Rome), with a total personnel budget in 2009 of around € 17.2 million and a staff of 455.

The Academy’s research institutes also include the self-managed limited liability research companies, the Insti-tute für Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), the Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI) and the Centre for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) with a staff of 282 in 2009.

In addition to the scientific units, the overall structure also includes the Academy’s central administration with at present 14 administrative offices and the Academy’s library, the Academy Press and the Academy’s Informa-tion Technology Services. The personnel budget for this sector in 2009 amounted to around € 4.8 million for a total of 118 employees. The Human Resources Office, a

highly efficient four-man team, handles its agenda cen-trally, currently focussing on personnel administration for the whole of the Academy’s personnel; it also forms the interface to the payment of salaries.

The main functions in the field of personnel manage-ment are very varied, with the following being provided merely as examples:

Strategic and operative agendaEmployment law and contracts

Implementation of the binding statutory employ-ment law regulationsMaintenance of contact with and advice to the heads of the Academy’s research and administrative unitsHandling of all requests for personnel and the pre-paration and review of all employment contracts

Measures related to personnel – personnel policies and development

Implementation and chairing of meetings concer-ning personnel-related, cross-subject and cross-unit issues of the operations as a whole (e.g. the Human Resources Working Party)Convening, preparing and chairing the statutory meetings of the Worker Safety CommitteePreparation of proposals for personnel-related mea-sures of general importanceParticipation in the Equal Treatment Working Party and participation in the determination of the Academy’s affirmative action plan for womenPreparation of guidelines and a list of FAQs in or-der to improve communication between intramu-ral and extramural administrationParticipation and involvement in events

Statistical data analysesProvision of quality-assured data material for en-quiries and areas within and outside the Academy

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In order to ensure that the staff, the most important and therefore also the largest budgetary factor, repre-senting 60% of the total budget of the Academy, con-tinues to maintain its level of qualifications and hence remains competitive in an international comparison, increasing importance will be attached in the coming years to the field of personnel development and very specifically to affirmative action for women.

Career models, affirmative action plans for women, performance management, talent management and further training management are aspects to be men-tioned in this context.

In a knowledge society and specifically in a knowledge-generating research organisation, it is practically an obligation to regularly adapt the staff, including administrative staff, to the needs and requirements of a modern contemporary research operation and to offer possibilities for further qualifications.

Interface to the FMSR in the field of personnel managementReporting

Interface to the Academy’s Works CouncilNegotiation and implementation of the collective agreement and the company agreementsContact partner for all matters concerning the Works Council

Personnel controlling – preparation of staff planTarget – actual comparison / personnel control-ling during the year – review of budgetary cover for existing applications

Staff evaluationPreparation of guidelines and proposals for the implementation of evaluation proceedings and the switching of staff to permanent postsPresence at staff evaluations before the commission

Human Resources

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Head: Christian Arthaber

The four staff members (3.2 FTEs) of the Office for Legal Affairs are responsible for legal matters concerning the Academy, its research units and for the legal basis for the relationship to the limited liability research companies.

Legal advice to the Presiding Committee and the research unitsPreparation and reviewing of contracts and draft contracts, conduct of contractual negotiations and the handling of related legal issues including risk managementLegal structure and handling of issues concerning the acquisition, transfer and enforcement of intel-lectual property rightsLegal assistance for procurement activitiesHandling of all judicial proceedings including the development of litigation strategies

Contract managementInterface to external legal consultants

The legal department’s activities concern above all fields of general civil law, in particular contract law, commercial and company law, intellectual property law, award-of-contract law and tenancy law. The early involvement of the legal department in those transac-tions that might give rise to legal risks or questions al-lows the interests of the Academy to be represented in the best way by means of a due diligence examination.

In 2009 the Legal Office drew up, modified or reviewed over 200 contracts which, in part as a consequence of the long contractual term, involved an accumulated contractual value of over € 70 million.

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'�� 1�� and Natural Sciences

Head: Guido Korlath

The Office of the Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) is part of the Academy’s central administration and is responsible for the administration and implementation of all matters concerning and allocated to the Section. In this function, the Office acts as a link between the research units, the members and the Presiding Committee. It compiles information and prepares decisions for the Presiding Committee and is the first point of contact for the Section’s research units and members. In connection with the research units, one of its main functions is comprehensive advice to the heads, the preparation of the Section’s budget, the drafting of concepts for the Section’s scientific objectives, the monitoring of the scientific programme and the review of contracts.

The Office is involved in the Academy’s internal de-cision-making processes through the participation of its head in the Academy’s general assemblies, the meetings of the Section for Mathematics and Natu-ral Sciences, the meetings of the Presiding Commit-tee, the meetings of the administrative commissions (e.g. the Budget Commission, the Evaluation Commission), the meetings of the advisory boards and the commissions, thereby ensuring that the resolutions are implemented and co-ordinated.

The Section for Mathematics and Natural Sciences currently comprises 27 research units in seven fields – biology and medicine; geosciences; mathematics, simulation and metrology; physics and materials sciences; environment; space; interdepartmental re-search functions.

As a further element of the Academy, particular im-portance is attached of the members, assisting whom is one of the Office’s declared objectives. In order to do justice to this concept of service, it is of particular importance for the Office to deal appropriately with the concerns of the Section’s members.

The Offices field of responsibility also includes the overall handling of scientific publications submitted to the Section. The range of functions here extends from the receipt of manuscripts, the preparation of quota-tions and the preparation and implementation of the corresponding decisions to the supervision of produc-tion and finally the monitoring of invoices.

The Office is also responsible for the administrative field of the national and international research programmes – see the comments in the chapter on “National and International Research Programmes”.

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Subsidiaries

Head: Gerhard Schadler

In the period under review, the administration was responsible not only for the three scientific research limited-liability companies,

IMBA – Institute for Molecular Biotechnology GMI – Gregor Mendel Institute for Molecular Plant Biology und CeMM – Research Centre for Molecular Medicine,

but also for Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs-und-Instandhaltungs-GmbH. This includes budget matters, the administrative handling of projects, above all with the federal ministries, reports to the quarterly discussions with the individual subsidiaries and coordination in connection with issues of relevance to all three subsidiaries.

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Information Technology Services (ITS)

Head: Melitta Kimbacher

The Academy’s Information Technology Servi-ces (ITS) handle the Academy’s information and communication technology infrastructure throughout Austria, operates a large number of central IT servi-ces and provides assistance to the Academy’s units in all computing matters.

Server consolidation and user databaseIn 2008, the ITS focused in particular on the con-solidation of its server landscape in order to ensure comprehensive IT security, a process that included ac-quiring SSL certificates for all central servers. New servers are as far as possible integrated by means of virtualisation technologies in order to make more ef-ficient use of physical resources such as processor capacity and memory. At the same time the mo-nitoring and management systems were extended in order to facilitate the optimisation of the compu-ter infrastructure and to ensure the rapid detection and remedy of interruptions to operations. In 2009, the ITS developed and put into operation a new user database, which in addition to handling the Academy staff’s accounts and mail addresses also allows the administration of the authorisations for various network services.

Reorganisation of the administration & exchange service computer infrastructureThe central administration’s computer infrastruc-ture was likewise consolidated and updated in sum-mer 2009. The previous Novell servers were replaced by Windows servers, and the total of around 100 PCs of the Academy’s administration units – in-cluding the Academy Press and the library – were equipped with a uniform up-to-date software using Exchange/Outlook as groupware. Following this work (at the request of the institutes) the Novell systems at the Institute for Demography, the KLIVV and a department within the Institute for Space Re-

search were also converted to Exchange/Outlook. The Academy’s Windows domain operated by the ITS comprises around 730 PCs at 10 sites in Vienna and at the Victor Franz Hess Research Centre in Graz; cur-rently, around 560 mailboxes are administered at the Exchange cluster. At present, 30 Windows servers are used to handle file and printer services and for authen-tication and management functions.

ÖAWnet & the Vienna telephone networkIn 2008, one point of focus in the field of networks resulted from the relocation of the Institute for Limnology in Mondsee. The Institute is being temporarily accommodated in two alternative locations, both of which required cabling and equipping with a data network and telephone link. In addition, it was necessary to set up a radio link between the two sites.

In 2009 the necessary infrastructure was installed at the new Vienna branches at Reichsratsstrasse 17 (Phonogrammarchiv – Audiovisual Research Archive), Bäckerstrasse 5 (KIÖS, ÖBL) and Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9/VBC5 (RICAM): cabling, server rooms, network components and integration into the ÖAWnet and the Vienna telephone network. In addition, data line capacity was increased at the sites at Dr.-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz 2, Fleischmarkt 20–22, Kegelgasse 27, Strohgasse 45, Prinz-Eugen-Strasse 8, Techgate and at the KLIVV. The ACC is also involved in the planning work for the new CeMM building on the site of the Vienna General Hospital. The aim is to establish an expandable ICT infrastructure and a high-capacity link to the Austrian science network ACOnet via the Medical University of Vienna.

In the field of telephony, the upgrading of the voicemail system and the installation of an additional telephone system on the basis of Voice over IP (VoIP) in 2009 constituted a first step towards unified communications.

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Software licences & training coursesITS distributes licensed software products by Adobe, Apple, Corel, Microsoft, SPSS and other manufacturers that can be acquired at lower cost thanks to the Academy’s participation in the Austria wide Campus Licence Contracts for educational institutions. In 2008 and 2009, a total of 2,374 licences for 76 different software products were acquired by the Academy’s units via ITS.

For the most frequently used of these products, ITS provides training courses for small groups several times a semester – in 2008 and 2009, a total of 24 courses were held with a total of 136 participants.

Cooperation activitiesITS represents the Academy’s interests in various national and international IT working parties (ACOnet, ARGE-Secure, ARGE-Software, OCG, TERENA) and in 2008 organised and handled a number of events for such groups: in April, roughly 30 representatives of the Austrian universities met for an ARGE-Software conference at the Academy, in September a two-day meeting for around 80 international IT security experts was held in the Conference Hall, and in October the Academy welcomed around 80 participants of the Austrian science network ACOnet as part of a three-day ACOnet and ArgeSecure working party meeting.

Inventory & interfacesIn 2009, the Buildings Department, together with Accounting Office, drew up an inventory of the facilities throughout Austria, which was then integrated into the Facility Management System. ITS provided considerable support in the field of the hardware and software equipment. ITS also implemented the regular data exchange between the Accounting Office, Facility Management and AcademIS via defined interfaces.

ITS web pages & Academy web pagesITS is striving to provide more information materials such as folders, charts, reports etc in order to improve the information available to the Academy’s computer users about its activities and range of services. To this purpose, the contents of the ITS web pages were also revised and extended in 2008/2009. The technical basis used is now the Typo3 content management system (CMS), which considerably facilitates the updating of the pages.

Typo3 is also being used increasingly for the Academy units’ web pages. For instance, CeMM, SMI and the Human Resources office have been provided with their own Typo3 instances to create and update their web pages. In addition, preparations have been underway for some time on the conversion of the Academy’s main web page to Typo3.

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235

In 2008, Internal Audit examined the economic situ-ation of AGEI (Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs- und Instandhaltungs-GmbH, the company responsible for building and maintenance work) and the final settle-ment of the Bohrgasse project (the laboratory building was occupied in 2006). Together with the building department, Internal Audit subjected the Academy’s infrastructure costs (rent, energy, cleaning) to a critical examination. In 2008, IA addressed the Acad-emy’s liquidity, and hence the budgeting process, for the first time.

In 2009, Internal Audit continued the work on liquidity and the budgeting process begun in 2008, with the aim of forming an opinion within the Auditing Committee. The second item of the 2009 working plan concerned the Academy’s staff. This was not an auditing activity but rather the compilation of information that Internal Audit can use to help form its own opinion.

Internal Audit

Head: Christophe Millischer

Internal Audit (IR), unlike the Accounting Office and Controlling, is not directly involved in operative processes and is thus unprejudiced in its activities. However, it must be capable of forming its own well-founded opinion on transactions so that constructive and usable recommendations can be drawn up for the departments concerned, the Auditing Committee (IA is responsible to the Auditing Committee, chairman Professor Zechner) and the Presiding Committee.

IA’s function is to identify risks, put forward propos-als for improvement and to ensure that the principle of efficiency (economy, cost-effectiveness and purposeful-ness) is complied with. IA’s activities are regulated by the Auditing Rules and the annual working plans.

The Academy’s Internal Audit office was set up in November 2002 and consists of one person. Its field of activities covers the Academy’s resources and organisation.

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– Gregor Mendel Institute for Molecular Plant Biology building cooperative at Dr. Bohrgasse 3, 1030 Vienna, with a total project volume of EUR 60 million. Since the building was occupied in January 2006, AGEI has, as in Graz, been responsible for administering the building.

At the same time AGEI GmbH was involved in 2006 with the planning work for the CeMM (Research Center for Molecular Medicine) research building on the site of the Vienna General Hospital. This project was taken over by Bundes Immobilien Gesellschaft in 2008 and will be completed in May 2010.

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Akademie-Gebäude-Errichtungs-und-Instand-haltungs-GmbH (AGEI) was founded in 1997 with the aim of making available low-cost high-quality laboratories and offices for the Academy’s research institutions. Following completion of the Victor Hess research centre in Graz, at Schmidlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz Messendorf, AGEI GmbH now arranges for the necessary repair work, maintenance and servicing by qualified specialist companies.

From 2000 to 2005, the AGEI worked on the project for the IMBA– Institute of Molecular Biotechnology / GMI

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institutions are collected in full at the library to an extent that cannot be equalled by Austrian university libraries or the National Library.

Internally, the Academy can make use of the online databases of the ISI Web of Science and the RDB legal database, and internally and externally the ALEPH library database. Negotiations have been in progress for some time on setting up one or more consortia of online databases and electronic journals. The estimated cost of this project is around EUR 1.2 million. Since the corresponding acquisitions, approved by the Academy’s Presiding Committee in 2004, have so far been postponed as a result of budgetary difficulties, it was decided in 2009 to implement the project step-by-step over the next few years, beginning with EUR 500,000 for 2010.

Library and ArchiveHead: Christine Harrauer

Aims and Functions

BibliothekThe library of the Academy consists of literature relating to the humanities and – to a greater extent – the natural sciences. It has always essentially been an exchange library: It maintains contractually regulated book exchange partnerships with 1,049 academies and other academic institutions in 432 locations in 82 different countries (see Fig. 1). These serve to disseminate knowledge acquired in Austria and published by the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press throughout the world and also help to make knowledge published elsewhere available in Austria. This ensures that in particular the Austrian and foreign works of scientific academies and the publications of key similar

ÄgyptenAlbanienArgentinienArmenienAserbaidschanAustralienBelgienBosnien und HerzegowinaBrasilienBulgarienChile

ChinaCosta RicaDänemarkDeutschlandEstlandFinnlandFrankreichGeorgienGriechenlandGroßbritannienGuatemalaIndien

IndonesienIranIrlandIslandIsraelItalienJapanJordanienKanadaKasachstanKolumbienKroatien

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NordkoreaNorwegenÖsterreichPhilippinenPolenPortugalPuerto RicoRumänienRussische FöderationSaudi-ArabienSchweden

SchweizSerbienSlowenienSlowakeiSpanienSri LankaSüdafrikaSüdkoreaSyrienTaiwanTschechische Republik

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In 2008, the archive was entrusted with family docu-ments and literature on Gregor Mendel together with a bust, as well as documents concerning Franz Serafin Exner for appropriate storage and investigation. In No-vember 2008, as part of the South Arabian Symposium of the University of Vienna, the archive organised an exhibition on South Arabian Research and the Glaser Collection in the Academy’s Johannes Hall.

In 2000 the archive, together with the Woldan Col-lection, contributed exhibits to the exhibition on the “Peyer-Weyprecht Expedition to the North Pole” (see below). In connection with a documentary film entitled “72 names in Czech History” by the Czech television channel CTV, the archive undertook research on the physicist František Adam Petřina (1788–1855) and the zoologist Samuel Friedrich von Stein (1818–1885); the corresponding filming took place in the library in September 2009.

Woldan CollectionWork is continuing on selected items in the Woldan Collection in collaboration with the Commission for the History of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Medicine; the Edition Woldan has been used for the publication of monographs since 2008.

Over the last few years, an average of 6,000 print publications have been acquired each year. As of the end of 2009, the total stock was 355,913 books. This figure includes not only individual monographs but also 12,500 journals and series. It should be stressed that of these, 4,371 titles can only be found in the Academy library and nowhere else in Austria.

The function of the Academy library is not only to index and make available the stock entrusted directly to it but also to take care of the special book inventories at Academy research units (including those outside Vienna). The collections of 26 research units of the Academy were fully recorded by the end of 2009 and a further three are in progress.

At the end of 2009, the library of the former Schwind Commission for European Law, International and Foreign Private Law of the Academy (approx. 800 volumes and approx. 400 imprints), which had been located at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for European Law since the Commission was dissolved, was returned to the Academy library.

ArchiveThe archive stores 56 academic bequests – some of which are very extensive – of researchers who had a special relationship with the Academy. These bequests, which form part of the cultural heritage, often include unique items, such as the correspondence and manuscripts of renowned scholars from Austria and abroad, which are of great interest to academics around the world. The material includes special archives such as the collection of the former Academy Institute for Radium Research, which brought many researchers from the USA, Greece and Germany to Vienna in recent years.

The archive is also the “memory” of the Academy. It stores historical minutes of meetings, files of great importance to the history of the Academy, experiment notes, photographs of scientific experiments, reports, manuscripts, expert opinions, contracts and so on.

The variety of the research pursued at the Academy now and in the past is reflected in the specific arrangement of the archive completed in 2008; it is linked electronically to the 1,459 historical minutes from 1847 to 1897 digitised in 2009, and the 46 volumes on the history of the Academy, thus making all of these more easily accessible to research. This was assisted by regular cataloging work in the form of archiving support systems.

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BibliographyRobert Wallisch, Die Entdeckung der indischen Thomas-Christen. Zwei italienische Quellen des 16. und 17. Jh. aus der Wiener ,Sammlung Wold-an‘ (Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar). Mit ei-nem Anhang zur frühneuzeitlichen Kartographie Indiens von Gerhard Holzer. Vienna, Verlag der ÖAW 2008. (Edition Woldan 1).Robert Wallisch, Magellans Boten. Die frühesten Berichte über die erste Weltumsegelung: Maxi-milianus Transylvanus, Johannes Schöner, Pietro Martire d’Anghiera. (Lateinischer Text, Über-setzung und Anmerkungen). Vienna, Verlag der ÖAW 2009. (Edition Woldan 2).Almanach 158 (2008), prepared and editied in collaboration with the Office of the President of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Loans from the Woldan Collection were made available to the following for exhibitions: “Fernberger’s time travel to the end of the world”, the Upper Austrian State Exhibition, Schloss Eggenberg brewery, 29.4-2.11.2008; “The Payer-Weyprecht North Pole Expedition 1872-1874”, Josephstadt District Museum, 4.5-31.10.2009, “190 years of the Erste Bank”, Erste Bank, main office, Graben 21; 25.9.-2.11.2009; „Renaissance – The History of Slovak Fine Art”, Slovak National Gallery, Bratislava; 1.12.2009-10.4.2010.

In 2008 the Oelzelt Foundation financed the purchase of the diaries of Ferdinand v. Hochstetter on the Novara voyage round the world (see Fig. 2). Each year, numerous guided tours of the library, the archive and the Woldan Collection are conducted for members of Austrian and foreign research institutions and for students.

Library and Archive

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Unique position: for many research questions (e.g. on issues specific to Austria, biosphere reserves), the ÖAW research programmes are the only source of funding available in Austria. In certain very Aust-ria-specific projects (e.g. MAB research in and for Austrian biosphere reserves), national interest and/or added value for society as a whole might have priority over the usually required global academic excellence. The national committees have the aca-demic competence to decide on such issues.

The research proposals submitted after specific project calls are granted by the national committee after an external peer review. Furthermore, the scientific quality of both the results and project reports are also reviewed by the national committee. Further information on current projects can be obtained from the ÖAW website (http://www.oeaw.ac.at/deutsch/forschung/programme/programme.html).

In order to increase both scientific output and public access to the results of projects financed by the ÖAW researchprogrammes, the option of online publication (including ISBN and DOI) of project reports was introduced in cooperation with Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. To date 25 project reports (accessible by full-text search with all WWW search engines) can be downloaded from the Austrian Academy of Sciences Press homepage (http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/forschungsprogramme).

All ÖAW research programmes are either part of in-ternational scientific programmes (UNESCO, UNO, ICSU, EU) or linked to international research pro-grammes through contracts and scientific co-opera-tions. The ÖAW research programmes are represented in many international scientific conferences and in UNESCO bodies by national committee members and the head of the ÖAW research programmes unit.

National and International Research Pro�grammes

Head: Günter Köck

IntroductionThe research programmes listed below are financed by the Federal Ministry for Science and Research (BMWF) and administered by national committees established at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The national committees, consisting of renowned scientists and representatives of several ministries and federal organizations have, among other things, the following tasks:

co-ordination of the research activities in their res-pective research sectorformulating programme based research strategiesquality assurance of the funded research projectsdevelopment of new research focusesstimulation und funding of new research projects and scientific co-operation.

The national committees, made up of top experts in their respective fields, see their main task as facing glo-bal change proactively by establishing timely strategic research foci. The projects administered by the national committees have a high significance for the Austrian research environment in terms of:

Promotion of young researchers: the projects fun-ded by the research programmes provide a unique opportunity for attracting excellent young resear-chers in areas that are important for Austria. This helps to avoid brain drain and to start up internati-onal careers at foreign top research locations.Added value for society as a whole: the research carried out in the programmes not only serves the interests of the scientific community but in many cases provides enormous added value for society as a whole (e.g. sustainable coexistence of humans with the environment; provision for natural ha-zards, raising awareness of issues through coopera-tion with schools, knowledge transfer work, deve-lopment aid). International research programmes like “Man and the Biosphere” explicitly require such added value.

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Alpine ResearchThis programme is part of the research co-operation “International Scientific Committee on Alpine Research (ISCAR)”. Partners of ISCAR are the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), the Swiss Academy of Sciences (SANW), the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW), the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts as well as relevant institutions in Italy (Italian Mountains Institute - IMONT) and France (University and Research Pole Grenoble). The aim of the research programme is to promote alpine-wide and interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of alpine research and the transfer of scientific results into practice and to the public. Main research topics are among others global change, water, traffic, natural disasters, biodiversity, social economy and geoscience.Since 2007 the programmes “Alpine research” and ISDR are co-financing the new interdisciplinary focus of research “Permafrost in the Austrian Alps”.

Geophysics of the earth´s crustThe research programme “Geophysics of the Earth’s Crust” established in the year 1979 is funding projects of applied geophysics of the shallow crust, e.g. the interpretation of potential fields, the modelling of electromagnetic data, refined recording technologies for seismic measurements as well as investigations of mass movements (e.g. landslides, rockfalls).

Global Change ProgrammeEstablished in 1990 this research programme co-vers three international research networks:International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP)

Günter Köck, for example is a delegate on the In-ternational Coordinating Council of the Man and Biosphere Programme MAB-ICC, consisting of 34 countries out of 193 member states, and is a member of the Scientific Council of the UNESCO-BRESCE Regional office in Venice.

The work as well as the scientific expertise of the re-search programmes is communicated to the public by targeted public relations work. The achievements of the research programmes are also presented at national and international conferences as well as in popular-scientific print media.

Amongst others the research programmes contributed to the following important international conferences:

3rd World Biosphere Reserves Congress “Biosphere Fu-tures, UNESCO Biosphere Reserves for Sustainable Development”, February 4-9, 2008, Madrid (Spain).4th IGBP Conference “Sustainable Livelihoods in a Changing Earth System”, May 5–9, 2008, Cape Town (South Africa).UNESCO International Experts Meeting “Clima-te Change and Arctic Sustainable Development: scientific, social, cultural and educational chan-ges”. March 3-6, 2009, Monte Carlo (Monaco)21st Session of the International Co-ordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB-ICC), May 25–29, 2009, Jeju Island (Korea)35th Session of the General Conference of UNESCO, October 6–23, 2009, Paris (France)

The book project “Planet Austria: rock - water - life” (eds.: G. Köck, L. Lammerhuber, W. E. Piller; Edition Lammerhuber and Austrian Academy of Sciences Press; 408 pages, ISBN 978-3-901753-13-8), officially introduced to the public in the course of the ceremonial meeting of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, May 13, 2009, presents the seven international research programmes administered at the Austrian Academy of Sciences through 33 research topics and 58 research projects. The wide range of these “earth system sciences” serves to highlight the international context of the studies as well as the significance of the individual research projects for scientists and practitioners alike. This book has also been presented at the Austrian Embassy in Paris in the presence of UNESCO representatives. According to the goal of the book, to get students and non-experts enthusiastic about science, the book has been delivered to all Austrian schools providing general qualifications for university entrance. The book is also available online at http://www.planet-austria.at/.

National and International Research Programmes

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Since 2007 the programmes ISDR and “Alpine re-search” have cofinanced the new interdisciplinary fo-cus of research “Permafrost in the Austrian Alps”.

International geoscience programme (IGCP)The IGBP programme established in 1973, promotes collaborative projects in several geoscientific research topics exactly defined by UNESCO. Main research topics are among others Quarternary geology, environmental and engineering geology, sedimentology, mineral deposits, geochemistry, geophysics and structural geology.

The Austrian IGCP national committee has played a leading role in the implementation of the numerous Austrian activities dedicated to the “International Year of Planet Earth 2007-2009”. For instance, the international project “Via GeoAlpina” was initiated in Austria by Werner Piller and Günter Köck together with national “Via Alpina” secretariat at the Austrian Alpine Club and then implemented on an Alpine-wide level by a group of geologists from six Alpine countries (Italy, Slovenia, Germany, Switzerland, France and Austria).

“Via GeoAlpina” is a collaboration project with “Via Alpina” (http://www.via-alpina.org) the first recognised hiking trail network described in multilingual documentation linking Trieste on the Adriatic Coast to Monaco and the Western Mediterranean. The final goal of “Via GeoAlpina” is to provide geological information in its broadest sense for the trails of “Via Alpina” and for localities of particular geological importance close by.

In November 2009 Austria was recognized and awarded for its superior and outstanding achievement in implementing IYPE’s aims and ambitions.

Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB)The UNESCO research programme “Man and Biosphere (MAB)”, established in 1971, develops the global basis, within the natural and the social sciences, for the sustainable use and conservation of biological diversity, and for the improvement of the relationship between people and their environment.

The MAB Programme encourages interdisciplinary research, demonstration and training in natural resource management. The concept of the biosphere reserve network represents the key component of the MAB Programme. Biosphere reserves are internationally recognized areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)International Human Dimension Programme (IHDP)

The Global Change programme is supporting projects dedicated to the study of causes and effects of global environmental change (e.g. climate, biodiversity).

The Austrian Global Change National Committee is a founding member of the “Alliance of European Global Change Research Committees” established in 2008. Günter Köck and Karl Steininger (University of Graz) act as representative and deputy representative, respec-tively, of the national committee in the alliance.

Hydrology of AustriaThe programme “Hydrology of Austria” is the Austrian contribution to UNESCO´s “International Hydrology Programme (IHP)”. Current research topics are soil moisture, modelling and forecast of precipitation as well as water discharge in Alpine catchment areas.

Since 2008 the Austrian National IHP-Committee has fo-cused theme-supported funding for future research predom-inantly on the field of “Hydrological processes in a chang-ing environment with special emphasis on predictability”.

International Strategy for disaster reduction (ISDR)Established in 1990, this UN research programme aims to improve our scientific knowledge about causes and risks of natural hazards, and to develop early warning strategies and methods for the reduction, prevention and mitigation of natural disasters.


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goals were to advise the government on all matters related to the subject and to coordinate the research activities in Austria. In addition to its original tasks in the area of information dissemination, the commission presently encourages and grants research projects in the field of fusion technology with special emphasis on the “construction of the experimental fusion device ITER”, and coordinates the EURATOM office at the Academy as well as the Austrian participation in the European fusion experiment JET.

The Association EURATOM-ÖAW currently pursues R + D projects on the physics, technology and socio-economic aspects of relevance for the further development of thermonuclear fusion within the European Fusion Programme and, in this way, significantly contributes to the return of funds from the EU to all those Austrian institutions that are participating in the European fusion programme within the framework of the association EURATOM-ÖAW.

Between 2008 and 2009 about 70 scientific projects were financed by the ÖAW research programmes, thereby contributing significantly to the Austrian research efforts.

promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. Biosphere reserves serve in some ways as “living laboratories” for testing out and demonstrating integrated management of land, water and biodiversity.

The Austrian MAB national committee working closely also with the Austrian UNESCO Commission is responsible for the submission of an area as a UNESCO biosphere reserve as well as enforcing the UNESCO standards. The Austrian MAB national committee advises and supports those responsible for the biosphere reserves by helping with scientific and technical issues and is the link to the MAB office in Paris. For several years the national committee has focused its scientific activities on the needs of national biosphere reserves. At present the Austrian MAB national committee is in charge of six biosphere reserves.

In 2009, to deepen the involvement of Austrian expertise in international MAB research, the MAB national committee started to fund international research cooperations with biosphere reserve projects in six foreign countries (Greece, Germany, Czech Republic, Chile, Ethiopia and Mexico). At the 35th Session of the UNESCO General Conference 2009 Austria (represented by the head of the international research programmes Dr. Günter Köck) was re-elected into the MAB- International Co-ordinating Council (MAB-ICC) consisting of 34 out of 193 UNESCO member states and thus significantly contributing to the development and coordination of the MAB programme at an international level for four more years.

Commission for the Coordination of Nuclear Fusion Re-search in Austria at the Austrian Academy of SciencesWhen Austria became a member of the EU, the commission, established in 1980, laid the foundation for the implementation of the Association Treaty between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and EURATOM, which came into force in 1996. The main


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The database “Motivindex der mittelalterlichen Erzählliteratur” was converted from an MS WORD file into an XML Topic Map, and placed on the publication server of the press.

The overview of members in Hittmair’s “Akademie der Wissenschaften” was converted into a database and made available on the academy homepage.

A register CD and a database function for references were developed for the “Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon”. In addition, cooperation was initiated with the “Bayerisches Musikerlexikon Online”.

The first ten volumes of the “Österreichisches Biogra-phisches Lexikon” were digitized and made available in full text. A read only version of the “Österreichischen Biographischen Lexikon” has been available in open access format since July 2009.

Ten years after being established, the press web shop has been completely restructured. The downloading of PDF-files or sound data files is now possible for a fee, and there is also a comprehensive database of authors. An interface between EPUB.OEAW and Akademis was created that enables the easy and automatic transfer of publication data.

High resolution data of all ÖAW publications were made available in a newly installed printing data server. This was necessary for eBook distribution, for electron-ic off-prints, and especially for data transfer between printing companies. With increasing frequency, au-thors request electronic off-prints of their articles, and these are produced and distributed by the press.

In 2008, the press joined the Portico long term digital preservation and electronic archiving service. Portico was developed by the US Library of Congress for the archiving of electronic journals.

Austrian Academy of Sciences

Press and Repository

Head: Herwig Stöger

Production and Quality AssuranceA new author contract giving more rights to authors has been in effect since January 1, 2008. The new contract also offers the possibility of “hybrid open access.” Nearly all publications now appear in both a print and an online format.

To make the journals more professional, a peer review process was initiated. Eight journals published by the press were included in the first “European Reference Index for the Humanities” of the European Science Foundation, of which four were classified as “A”, three as “B”, and one as “C”.

As a result of publication standardization, authors submitting their manuscripts as PDF-files, and an increased use of digital printing technology, it was possible to reduce production costs still further. In total, by the end of 2009 these costs had been lowered by 60% in comparison to five years earlier.

Research and Development A new, wiki-based, collaborative publication system was developed with PMWiki and Wikipublisher software. The new system enables authors to work together on a publication over a web interface, letting them update it and publish it as a typographically correct monograph. For the purposes of verification, all changes are recorded in detail. The first two publications to be produced using this new system were the “Handbuch Strategische Umweltprüfung” and the “EPUB.OEAW-Handbuch”.

An editing system was developed and hosted for the “Enzyklopädie der slowenischen Literatur” in Kärnten of the Academy’s Balkan Commission, as well as for the “Österreichische Familiennamendatenbank (FA-MOS)” of the Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects, and for the “Grabungsdokumentation Nuss-dorf ob der Traisen” of the Prehistoric Commission.

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scholars and institutes for research exchange purposes.The press has developed and hosted editing software free of charge for scientific projects at various research institutes. The institutional repository of the ÖAW, epub.oeaw, operated by the press is also being developed further. Scholarly publications are sold at 20% less than normal trade prices. More and more publications are available under open access principles.

Management and StaffAndre Gingrich, a full member of the academy, was elected as the new chairman of the Press Committee at the beginning of 2008 (deputy: Otto Kresten, full member). Since July 1, 2009, the new commercial business executives are President Prof. Dr. Denk, Vice President Prof. Dr. Jalkotzy-Deger, General Secretary Prof. Dr. Suppan, and Secretary Prof. Dr. Stingl. During the reporting period, the staff numbers were reduced to the equivalent of 8.95 full-time positions.

EPUB.OEAW RepositoryThe institutional repository EPUB.OEAW presents ÖAW research results in full text to an international audience, thus making the scholarly work being done understandable for the general public and easily usable for the scientific community.

Digital object identifiers, long-term archiving in the Austrian National Library, and international networking allows sustainable referencing of publications.

A large number of research sponsors stipulate that the work they have supported be kept in a repository. Altogether, the repository contains the research results of 37 ÖAW institutes, of which 27 are in the Section for the Humanities and the Social Sciences, and 10 in the Section for Mathematics and the Natural Sciences.

In the international directory of repositories ROAR, which is maintained by the University of Southampton, of 1,565 registered repositories, EPUB.OEAW holds the distinguished rank of 58th, with 51,630 documents (Total OAI Records).

In the “Webometrics-info” ranking, EPUB.OEAW also holds an excellent position. EPUB.OEAW is registered in DRIVER, the network of European repositories. The comprehensive epub.oeaw handbook was updated.

Financing and Business Operations A reduction in income occurred as a result of the financial crisis, as well as the “20% regulations” and the increase of Open Access publications. This, however, was balanced by the decrease in expenditure through the streamlining measures that were undertaken. Each year, approximately 5,000 customers from 80 countries purchase press publications, and 75% of the production is exported. As a result of reduced production costs, external financial support has also dropped.

Communication and ServicesThe press was represented internationally with its publications at approximately 70 trade fairs, conferences and symposia. Over 30 book presentations were held in Austria, Germany, the Czech Republic and Croatia, among other places, and 100,000 catalogue copies were distributed to the scientific community. An information flyer was produced for each publication, and numerous press releases, ads and inserts were designed. The distribution partnership with the David Brown Book Company in the USA has developed very satisfactorily and made a substantial contribution to sales. The press took over a number of new series, including the „Protokolle des österreichischen Ministerrats 1848 bis 1867“, the „Außenpolitische Dokumente Österreichs, the Sitzungsberichte und Anzeiger der math.-nat. Klasse“, as well as the online issues of the new journal „ECOMONT“ and the rights to the old stock of the „Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum“.

Approximately 50 requests for printing rights and reprints are received each year. In 2009, the hits on the press website reached nearly 150,000 a month.

At a ceremony on November 12, 2009, the proceeds from sales of the publication of the latest edition of the “Poetisches Tagebuch” of Empress Elisabeth, edited by Brigitte Hamann, were presented to the refugee relief organization of the UN (UNHCR).

CooperationIn the report period, the Press cooperated with Joanneum Research, the China Tibetology Research Center, and the Austrian Research and Training Centre for Forests.

Non-Profit ServicesEach year, approximately 10,000 complimentarycopies of publications are sent to international libraries,

Austrian Academy of Sciences Press and Repository

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