Procedure Design ConsideraWons - ICAO

Procedure Design Considera0ons

1 Lead Instructor: [email protected]

Learning Objec0ves

✈ By the end of this presenta0on you should understand: ✈ Procedure design considera0ons including: ✈ Path Terminators

✈ Waypoint Types

✈ Factors affec0ng turn radius

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Assump0ons >> Design

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✱  When agreeing on assump0ons, Airspace Design Team determines what’s available in terms of ..

Ø  Air Traffic

Ø  Runways Ø  C Ø  N Ø  S Ø  ATM System

✱  The Airspace Design Team should design its airspace based on realis'c assump0ons i.e. by relying on what does exist or what will exist at implementa0on date (rather than on what one would wish to exist).

Conceptual Design: What Next?

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Procedure Design Considera0ons RNAV Path Types

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Why PBN

PBN Route Using Waypoints

Waypoints

Path Terminators

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Terminator Path

C A

D F I

M R

Altitude

Distance

DME distance

Next leg

Manual termination

Radial termination

Fix F

Constant DME arc

Course to

Direct Track Course from a fix to Holding pattern

Initial Constant radius

Track between

Heading to

C D

H

R

A

I

V T

Path Terminators

✈ Track to Fix -‐ TF ✈ Direct to Fix -‐ DF ✈ Course to Fix -‐ CF ✈ Fix to Al0tude -‐ FA ✈ Course to Al0tude -‐ CA ✈ Heading to Al0tude -‐ VA ✈ Radius to Fix -‐ RF ✈ Fix to Manual Termina0on – FM/VM

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Track to Fix

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TF Leg

A

B

Direct to Fix

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Direct DF Leg

Unspecified position

A

Course to Fix

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CF Leg 080

A

0

Fix to Altitude

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A Unspecified

Position

8000'

FA Leg

080 0

Course to Altitude

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Unspecified Position

CA Leg 090 0

Unspecified Position

VA Leg 090 0

8000'

Heading to Altitude

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Radius to Fix

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Prev

ious

Se

gmen

t Arc Centre

A

C

B

RF Leg

Fix to Manual Termination

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110° VM Leg

Radar Vectors

Track Distances Between Turns

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Ya Yb

αa αb

Legdist

Fly-‐by WP

Fly-‐by WP

ra

r b

Ya

αa

Legdist

Fly-‐by WP

Fly-‐over WP

ra

αa

Legdist

Fly-‐over WP

ra1 Yb

αb

Fly-‐by WP

αa

Legdist

Fly-‐over WP

Fly-‐over WP ra1

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Impact of Turn Performance Fly-‐By vs Fly-‐Over

Fly-By Fly-Over

Q2*t95-(43r/2)

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Impact of Turn Performance Fly-‐By

DTA D

TA

MinimumSegment Length= DTA1+DTA2 X-y2/(-9/43z)

Q2*t95-(43r/2) J<>(t%w +(12#d-p4))

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Impact of Turn Performance Speed Affects Turn Radius

A B

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Impact of Turn Performance Bank Angle Affects Turn Radius

A B

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Impact of Turn Performance Fly-By

B A

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Impact of Turn Performance

A

B

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A

B

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Turn Start Point ->

Turn Start Point ->

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A

B

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A

B

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A

B

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Impact of Turn Angle

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A B

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A B

A B

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Impact of Turn Performance RF Turns

Fix

Radius

All aircraft fly assigned radius

ATC Design Considera0ons

✈ Turns of more than 90 degrees may result in significant track variaFon.

✈ Turns of 60 to 90 degrees create more manageable track variaFons.

✈ Turns of 60 or less result in liIle track variaFon.

✈ RF turns result in liIle track variaFon.

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Impact of Turn Performance Controlling Angles & Speed

Speed and Al0tude Constraints

✈ Speed constraints allow Fghter turns and can assist ATC funcFon.

✈ AlFtude constraints can provide separaFon from obstacles and other aircraO.

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Procedure Design Considera0ons

RNAV Approach Types

{ RNAV (GNSS) vs RNAV(RNP) }

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PBN

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ICAO State LeIer SP 65/4-‐13/24

Proposes amendments to: •  PANS-‐OPS, Volume I •  PAN-‐OPS Volume II •  Annex 4 •  Annex 6, Parts I, II and III •  Annex 14, Volume II •  Annex 15 •  PANS-‐ABC

Applicable on 13 November 2014

RNAV (GNSS) Approaches

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IAF

IAF IAF IF

FAF

MA pt

IF/IAF

FAF

MA pt

IAF IAF

T Bar Y Bar

70 o 90 o

FAF

With RF*

RF

MA pt

IAF

*PANS-OPS 2.4.1.4 13 NOV 2014

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RNAV (RNP) Approaches

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FAF

RNP-AR

RF

MA pt

IAF

RNAV (GNSS and RNP)

✈ RNAV(GNSS) is an RNP approach

✈ RNAV(RNP) is an RNP-‐AR approach

✈ LeIers in parenthesis are not said in clearance

✈ RNAV(GNSS) RWY22 and RNAV(RNP)RWY22 are both cleared as RNAV RWY22 approach.

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RNAV (GNSS and RNP)

•  State Letter SP 65/4-13/24 effective 13 NOV 2014 •  A one-step eight-year transition period, starting 13 November 2014, is

being proposed to allow States sufficient time to develop a transition plan and to convert the existing RNAV approach procedures to RNP by 2022.

•  ICAO will issue a new circular (Circ 336 — Circular on Conversion of RNAV to RNP Approach Chart Depiction)

•  From 1 December 2022: •  charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP APCH navigation

specification criteria shall include the term RNP in the identification (e.g. RNP RWY 23).

•  charts depicting procedures that meet the RNP AR APCH navigation specification shall include the term RNP in the identification with a parenthetical suffix (AR). (e.g. RNP RWY 23 (AR)).

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Reminder Steps so far!

✈ What is the Intended Purpose – as per Airspace Concept ✈ Which Operators and AircraO Types – as per traffic sample (assump3ons) ✈ What is the Navaid Coverage – as per infrastructure assump3ons ✈ What are the Environment Constraints – determined by Airspace Design Team ✈ What other Constraints, incl. obstacles? ✈ Design the Procedure

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Thank You

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Procedure Design ConsideraWons - ICAO

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