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Performance-Based

Navigation 101

Tony Houston

Assistant Director, Safety & Operations

IATA Asia Pacific

ICAO PBN Implementation Workshop

Nadi, Fiji

10-11 Dec. 2012

PBN True / False Quiz

PBN is an ATC issue… they are responsible for implementation

PBN is only about procedure design – publish and done

The ICAO PBN Manual has been revised to include information on Operational approval

PBN can provide benefits such as safety, efficiency, capacity all by itself

2012 2

Performance-Based Navigation (PBN)

ICAO Doc 9613, PBN Manual, Edit. 4 (unedited version)

Vol 1, Attch C, Operational Approval

DOC 99xx, Ops Approval Manual Draft

2012 3

Specifies performance requirements for aircraft

operating on:

ATS routes

Instrument approach procedures

Designated airspace

NavSpec performance requirements expressed as:

Accuracy, integrity, continuity, availability and functionality…

…in the context of a particular airspace concept

Performance-Based Navigation (PBN)

2012 4

5

Conventional

Navigation

Curved paths

PBN: Required

Navigation

Performance

Seamless Vertical Path

Narrower Obstacle

Clearance Area

Obstacle

Clearance Areas Ground

NAVAIDs

Waypoints

Area

Navigation

(RNAV)

PBN is a transition

2012

6

Safety Capacity Efficiency Access Environment

AIRSPACE CONCEPT

Airspace Enablers- CNS/ATM

ATM COM NAV SUR

Airspace Enablers

PBN is One Enabler of an Airspace Concept

2012

7

AIRSPACE CONCEPT

Where Does PBN Fit?

ATM COM NAV SUR

PBN

Airspace Enablers

Navigation

Specification

Navigation

Application

NAVAID

Infrastructure

2012

8

Components of PBN Concept

NAVAID

Infrastructure

•Ground-based Navigation Aids (NAVAIDS)

•VOR; DME (Not NDB)

• Space-based NAVAIDS

• GNSS

•GPS, GLONASS; future Galileo

2012

9

• RNAV System PERFORMANCE required

• RNAV Functionalities required

• Navigation Sensors integration

• Air crew requirements

•Accuracy

•Integrity

•Continuity

•Availability

•Functionality

Navigation

Specification

On-Board performance Monitoring and Alerting

RNAV X RNP X X X

Components of PBN Concept

2012

10

Components of PBN Concept

• The APPLICATION of the Navigation

Specification and NAVAID Infrastructure

• Examples:

• Routes based on RNAV and RNP

• RNAV and RNP SIDS / STARS

• RNP Approach procedures

Navigation

Application

NAVAID

Infrastructure

Navigation

Specification RNAV X RNP X X X

2012

CURRENT NAVIGATION SPECIFICATIONS PER ICAO DOC 9613 ed. 4

2012 11

Global PBN Task Force Go-Team Slide 12

RNAV 2 RNP 4

ENROUTE OCEANIC

APPROACH

RNP APCH

TAKEOFF LANDING

Performance Based Navigation depends on: A defined airspace concept

An available navigation aid infrastructure

Functional requirements of the Navigation Specification prescribed for PBN operations

Approved RNAV/RNP equipment installed that meets performance requirements

Air crew satisfying the operating requirements set out by State regulations

Stakeholders must work together…

PBN Implementation

Airlines

Authorities

ANSP OEMs

Airports

2012 13

…to realize the benefits

14 2012

Misconceptions on PBN

PBN, may look complicated but it is not:

It does not add new navigation philosophy,

It is a pragmatic tool to implement navigation procedures using

aircraft capabilities that have existed for more than 30 years!

It does not require States to:

Completely overhaul navigation infrastructure,

It can be implemented step-by-step

Implement the most advanced NavSpec

It only needs to accommodate operational needs

15 2012

PBN benefits: Approach

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Fully Managed

Approaches

Better Minima

Better descent profile

Stable configuration

Less…

… Fuel burn

… Diversions

… Cancellations

Reduce CO2 emissions

Avoid Noise Sensitive

Areas

2012

RNP Approach presents

a 3D perspective

Safety - Accessibility

2012 17

More precision in constrained areas

Replace Visual Procedures

2012 18

Without additional

Ground Equipment

Removal of Circling Requirements

Instrument approach followed by visual

circling to land

Straight-in is many times safer than circle-

to-land

Approaches provide flexibility in terms of

(curved path) trajectories

2012 19

Approaches Managed & Stabilized

2012 20

Fully Protected Trajectories

Fully managed Missed

Approach

Fully managed & stable

Smooth 3° descent to RWY

2012 21

Capacity / Efficiency

PBN Benefits vs. Legacy Approach

2012 22

VOR Approach 20 NM Arrival

17 NM Hold entry

33 NM approach

= 70 NM

PBN Optimized Tracks

2012 23

RNP AR Optimized Tracks

Savings via:

NIBAT – 3.8 NM

EDLOR – 7.2 NM

ORDEP – 10.3 NM

KLAFU – 7.7 NM

RABIV – 7 NM

SIVAL – 5.7 NM

≈ 7 NM

Approximately 94% of daily departures are

RNAV-capable

More departure lanes and exit points to the

enroute airspace

Capacity gain of 9-12 departures per hour

Repeatable and predictable paths

Benefits

Increased throughput

Reduced departure delays

40-50% reduction in communications

USD $30M annual benefit

(2007 demand levels)

Improving Runway

Utilization at Atlanta (ATL)

2012 24

Continuous Descent Operations (CDOs)

Save fuel 125-1400 lbs

Up to 40% less noise

Reduced radio transmissions

Lower pilot workload

Reduced hear-back / read-back errors

2012 25

Fuel Savings/Emission Reduction

> 24,000

10,000 – 24,000

8,000 – 10,000

6,000 – 8,000

4,000 – 6,000

2,000 – 4,000

< 2,000

Altitude

(ft MSL)

Track

Color

> 24,000

10,000 – 24,000

8,000 – 10,000

6,000 – 8,000

4,000 – 6,000

2,000 – 4,000

< 2,000

Altitude

(ft MSL)

Track

Color

Atlanta CDO demo

Published STAR

West Flow operations

11 Tracks

Vertical Profiles

Miami CDO demo

Published STAR

East Flow operations

4 Tracks

Vertical Profiles

Continuous Descent Ops provide large

benefits in fuel, emissions, and flight

time.

May 2008 Demos:

North Arrival STAR at Atlanta (ATL)

144 liters of fuel savings and

360kg reduction in CO2 emissions

per flight

North Arrival STAR at Miami (MIA)

182-197 liters of fuel savings and

460-500kg reduction in CO2

emissions per flight

600 CDO night demos at ATL

August – November 2008

Two North Arrival STARs

151-227 liters of fuel savings /

380kg reduction in CO2 emissions

per flight

2012 26

Roadmap

Create multi-

disciplinary team

ANSP

Airport

Customers

CAA

Community

Other Stakeholder

Manage Safety

Throughout the process

Gather data

Traffic

Customer survey

WX

Constraints

Formulate Airspace Concept

What do you need to accomplish

?

How?

Design

Think outside the box

Look for best

practices

Consult

Throughout the process

Avoid surprises

Validate

Fast Time Modeling

Aircraft Simulators

Real Time ATC

Simulation

Implement

Communi-cate

Publish

2012 27

Roadmap

Promote

ANSP

Airport

Airline

Educate / Train

ATC

Pilots

Dispatchers

Engineers

Approve

Regulator

Operator

Operate

2012 28

PBN True / False Quiz

PBN is an ATC issue… they are responsible for implementation

PBN is only about procedure design – publish and done

The ICAO PBN Manual has been revised to include information on Operational approval

PBN can provide benefits such as safety, efficiency, capacity all by itself

2012 29

30 IATA Fuel Efficiency Regional Workshop 2012

Thank you!