President and Vice
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Transcript of President and Vice
Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Essential Question
Section 1: President and Vice President
Section 2: Electing the President
Section 3: The Cabinet
Section 4: The Executive Office
Chapter Summary
Essential Question
What are the prime duties of the presidency, the single most powerful office in the nation, and how is the president selected?
Section 1-Content Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
• compensation
• presidential succession
Section 1-Academic Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
• assist
• fund
• recover
Section 1-Reading Strategy
Reading Strategy
As you read, use a chart like the one below to list the constitutional requirements for president and vice president.
A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think the broadening powers of the vice president in modern times is a positive change to the executive branch?
A. yes
B. no
A B
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Section 1
Duties of the President
• The constitution grants the president:
– power as commander in chief of the armed forces,
– the authority to appoint—with Senate’s consent—heads of executive departments, federal court judges, and other top officials,
– the duty to ensure that all the laws of the United States are faithfully executed, and
– lawmaking power.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1 – DQ1
A B C D
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Which of these is a power granted the president by the Constitution?
A. ensures that laws are faithfully executed
B. appoints heads of legislative committees
C. the power to declare laws unconstitutional
D. the power to declare war
Section 1
The President’s Term and Salary
• Originally the Constitution did not specify how many four-year terms a president could serve.
– The Twenty-second Amendment, passed in 1951, limited the president to two terms.
• The Constitutional convention determined that presidents should receive compensation but left it up to Congress to decide the amount of compensation—or salary.
• Money is not the reason that people seek the presidency.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1 – DQ2
A B C D
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What limits the president to two, four-year terms?
A. the Bill of Rights
B. the First Amendment
C. the Nineteenth Amendment
D. the Twenty-second Amendment
Section 1
Presidential Qualifications
• Article II, Section 1 defines the formal requirements for the presidency:
– a natural-born citizen of the United States
– at least 35 years old
– a resident of the United States for at least 14 years
• The same requirements apply to the vice president.
Section 1
• Experience in government is an unwritten but important qualification.
• Running for the presidency demands large amounts of money—from supporters and from one’s own finances.
• The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 attempted to reform campaign fundraising by limiting the amount of money candidates can receive from individual donors.
Presidential Qualifications (cont.)
Section 1
• Extremely liberal or conservative candidates have little chance of being elected.
• Major parties usually choose candidates who are moderate.
Presidential Qualifications (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1 – DQ3
A B C D
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Formal requirements to be president include
A. must be 25 years old
B. must have lived in the U.S. for entire life
C. must be a natural-born citizen of the U.S.
D. must have lived in the U.S. for at least 5 years
Section 1
Presidential Succession
• After John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, the nation realized that the Constitution’s rules for presidential succession were inadequate.
• In 1967, the Twenty-fifth Amendment was ratified to clarify success to the presidency and vice presidency.
Line of Presidential Succession
Section 1
• Section 1 says that in the case of the removal of the president from office or of his death or resignation, the vice president shall become president.
• Section 2 says that whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the vice president, the president shall nominate a vice president who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both houses of Congress.
Presidential Succession (cont.)
Line of Presidential Succession
Section 1
• The next in line to the presidency after the vice president is the Speaker of the House.
• The Twenty-fifth Amendment says that when a president is disabled, the vice president becomes president.
Presidential Succession (cont.)
Line of Presidential Succession
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1 – DQ4
A B C D
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The vice president’s power to help determine whether the president is disabled is supplied by
A. Article 2 of the Constitution.
B. the president.
C. the Twenty-fifth Amendment.
D. Congress.
Section 1
The Vice President’s Role
• The Constitution gives the vice president two duties:
– The vice president presides over the Senate and votes in that body in case of a tie.
– Under the Twenty-fifth Amendment, the vice president helps decide whether the president is disabled and acts as president should that happen.
Section 1
• Before the Eisenhower administration, the vice presidency was almost a purely ceremonial office.
• Vice presidents today now often participate in policy meetings, undertake special assignments, and are members of the National Security Council.
The Vice President’s Role (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1 – DQ5
A B C D
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The vice president presides over
A. the Library of Congress.
B. the Senate.
C. the House of Representatives.
D. the president’s cabinet
Section 2-Content Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
• elector
• electoral vote
Section 2-Academic Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
• majority
• margin
• alternative
Section 2-Reading Strategy
Reading Strategy
Complete a graphic organizer similar to the one below to list the weaknesses of the Electoral College system.
A. A
B. B
Section 2-Polling Question
A. Yes
B. No
Is the electoral college system a fair and efficient process for selecting the president?
A B
0%0%
Section 2
The Original System
• Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution establishes the Electoral college.
– Each state legislature would set up a method for choosing people who would be the electors.
– The electors would meet in their state at election time to cast their electoral vote for the president.
Section 2
• In the original system, electoral votes from all the states would be counted in a joint session of Congress.
• The candidate receiving a majority would become president and the candidate with the second-highest number—also a majority—would become vice president.
The Original System (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2 – DQ1
A B C D
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Electors of the Electoral College are chosen by
A. party leaders.
B. the president.
C. state legislature.
D. citizens.
Section 2
The Impact of Political Parties
• The Twelfth Amendment requires that the electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president.
• It also provides that if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes, the House chooses from the three candidates with the largest number of elector votes.
• In the 1820s states began to place presidential candidates on the ballot as the Electoral College system adapted to the growth of democracy.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2 – DQ2
A B C D
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Which amendment requires that the electors cast separate ballots for president and vice president?
A. the Twelfth Amendment
B. the Thirteenth Amendment
C. the Second Amendment
D. the Sixth Amendment
Section 2
The Electoral College System Today
• Today parties choose their nominees for president in conventions held in late summer.
• Voters cast their ballots for president every four years on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
• Voters are not voting directly for president or vice president but instead voting for all of their party’s electors—the slate of electors—in their state.
The Electoral College System
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2 – DQ3
The president is the candidate that
A. receives the largest popular vote.
B. receives the most electoral votes.
C. wins the most states.
A B C
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Section 2
Electoral College Issues
• In all but two states, Maine and Nebraska, if a candidate wins the largest number of popular votes, that person receives all the state’s electoral votes.
• The winner-take-all system makes it possible for a candidate who loses the overall popular vote to win the electoral vote.
Popular and Electoral
Votes in Select Elections
Section 2
• When a third-party candidate is a strong presidential contender, that candidate could win enough electoral votes to prevent either major-party candidate from receiving a majority of votes.
• When the House of Representatives must decide a presidential election, each state casts one vote and the candidate who receives 26 or more of the votes is elected.
Electoral College Issues (cont.)
Popular and Electoral
Votes in Select Elections
Section 2
• People usually criticize the Electoral College system when problems arise. Many changes to the system have been proposed.
Electoral College Issues (cont.)
Popular and Electoral
Votes in Select Elections
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2 – DQ4
The “winner-take-all” system makes it possible for a candidate who loses the popular vote to
A. become president without the electoral vote.
B. win the electoral vote.
C. be disqualified from the election. A B C
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Section 2
The Inauguration
• Until the inauguration in late January, the new president is referred to as the president-elect.
• The new president takes office at noon on January 20 in the year following the presidential election.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2 – DQ5
A B C D
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Until the inauguration in late January, the new president is referred to as
A. Mr. President.
B. the president-in-waiting.
C. the vice president.
D. the president-elect.
Section 3-Content Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
• cabinet
• leak
Section 3-Academic Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
• gender
• media
• relevant
Section 3-Reading Strategy
Reading Strategy
Create a graphic organizer like the one below to list the major factors that a president must address when appointing cabinet members.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3-Polling Question
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
A. secretary of state
B. secretary of defense
C. secretary of treasury
D. attorney general
Which member of the inner cabinet do you think is most influential in modern government?
Section 3
Selection of the Cabinet
• The president appoints the secretaries that head the 15 major executive departments.
• The 15 secretaries, the vice president, and several other top officials make up the cabinet.
• Cabinet secretaries advise the president, but they also serve as the administrators of large bureaucracies.
• It is important that a cabinet appointee:
Section 3
– have a background that is compatible with the department he or she will head,
– satisfy powerful interest groups that have a stake in the department’s policies, and
– have high-level administrative skills and experience.
Selection of the Cabinet (cont.)
• Before making final cabinet decisions, members of the president-elect’s team may leak, or deliberately disclose, some candidates’ names to the news media to test the reaction of Congress, interest groups, and the public.
Selection of the Cabinet (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3 – DQ1
A B C D
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Deliberate disclosure of cabinet candidates to the news media is called
A. a press release.
B. an unofficial announcement.
C. a leak.
D. a veto.
Section 3
The Role of the Cabinet
• Each cabinet member is responsible for the executive department that he or she heads.
• As a group, the cabinet is intended to serve as an advisory body to the president.
• Throughout history, the cabinet’s role in decision making depended on the president’s wishes.
Historical and Political
Reasons for Cabinet Status
• Though several recent presidents have attempted to increase the cabinet’s role, most have ended up going elsewhere for advice.
Section 3
The Role of the Cabinet (cont.)
Historical and Political
Reasons for Cabinet Status
Section 3
• Some cabinet members—known as the “inner cabinet”—have greater influence because their departments are concerned with the most sensitive national issues. They include:
– secretary of state,
– secretary of defense,
– secretary of treasury, and
– the attorney general.
The Role of the Cabinet (cont.)
Historical and Political
Reasons for Cabinet Status
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3 – DQ2
A B C D
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The department of the cabinet that deals with terrorist attacks is called the
A. Department of Homeland Security.
B. Department of Defense.
C. Department of the State.
D. Department of the Interior.
Section 3
Factors Limiting the Cabinet’s Role
• There are several factors that limit the president’s use of the cabinet for key decisions, including:
– conflicting loyalties: no president commands the complete loyalty of cabinet members, and
– the difficulty of maintaining secrecy when 15 cabinet secretaries are involved in discussion of sensitive topics.
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 3 – DQ3
What factors limit the president’s use of the cabinet?
A. inexperience of cabinet members
B. unavailability of cabinet members
C. difficulty of maintaining secrecy on sensitive topics
A B C
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Section 4-Content Vocabulary
Content Vocabulary
• central clearance
• National Security Advisor
• press secretary
Section 4-Academic Vocabulary
Academic Vocabulary
• accessible
• professional
• conclude
Section 4-Reading Strategy
Reading Strategy
Create a time line like the one below to organize the important events in the history of the Executive Office.
A. A
B. B
Section 4-Polling Question
A. the Department of Homeland Security
B. the Council of Economic Advisors
Who has the most influential role in the current political climate?
A B
0%0%
Section 4
Executive Office Agencies
• The Executive Office of the President (EOP) was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Congress in 1939 to serve the needs of each administration.
• Today the EOP staffs include attorneys, scientists, social scientists, and other highly technical or professional personnel.
Executive Office
Employees, 1948-Present
• The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) prepares the national budget for the president, who then presents it to Congress.
Section 4
• The OMB also reviews all legislative proposals that executive agencies prepare. This review is called central clearance.
Executive Office Agencies (cont.)
Executive Office
Employees, 1948-Present
Section 4
Executive Office Agencies (cont.)
• A special assistant, the National Security Advisor, directs the NSC staff.
• Congress created the National Security Council (NSC) to advise the president and to coordinate U.S. military and foreign policy.
Executive Office
Employees, 1948-Present
Section 4
• President George W. Bush created the Office of Homeland Security within the EOP to coordinate the activities of a majority of the federal agencies that were working to fight terrorism.
Executive Office Agencies (cont.)
Executive Office
Employees, 1948-Present
Section 4
Executive Office Agencies (cont.)
• The Council of Economic Advisers was created to assess the nation’s economic health, predict future economic conditions, and support other executive agencies that are involved in economic planning.
Executive Office
Employees, 1948-Present
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4 – DQ1
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which president created the Executive Office of the President?
A. George Washington
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. Jimmy Carter
D. George W. Bush
Section 4
The White House Office
• The White House staff is chosen by the president without Senate confirmation.
• White House aides perform whatever duties the president assigns them.
• The press secretary heads a staff that handles relations with the press corps, sets up press conferences, and issues public statements.
• Recent presidents have given top White House staff more authority over policymaking.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4 – DQ2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
The primary job of the president’s press secretary is to handle relations with
A. lobbyists.
B. members of executive agencies.
C. the press corps.
D. foreign diplomats.
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