2013 Late Mr. Sunday Oramalugo Memorial Lecture

 Topic: Positioning INYI strategically to embrace

the challenges of developmentDate: 29 December 2013

Venue: Chief Nkem Oramalugo villa, Agbariji, Inyi, Enugu State, Nigeria

Delivered by

Dr Levi Uche Madueke

A Nigerian, an Inyi indigene and a Diplomat with The African Union Commission, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

Preamble

The basis for the discourse

• To invigorate forward-looking thoughts that permit predications in anticipation of growth prospects of a town that has shown visible signs of moving forward and in the right direction, and

• To clearly understand development as ”good change” and movement towards a desired state (Boateng, Heeks, Molla, and Hinson, 2008).

Objective

• To outline the challenges, which Inyi as a town could face in the course of undergoing transformation in the form of moving forward, and

• Elicit discussion on how it can contain the concerns of such development in a manner that would preserve the wellbeing of the people of Inyi as well as visitors.

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Preamble contd

Limitations of this Discourse

• Provision of baseline data is necessary to establish critical indicators to provide information about past and current state of Inyi , and

• Provide insight into the overall direction of Inyi to ascertain whether it is improving, declining, or enduring at the same point

• Due to the inability of the presenter to mobilize such data, which may or may not exist, the shortcoming and many more are hereby considered as limitations, hence assumptions based on visible changes in Inyi would suffice to support the fact that Inyi is moving forward, and be used in place of baseline data.

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Preamble contd The Belief and The Question

• Inyi commands an inherent capacity, propensity and latitude for growth in the face of exposure to dynamic forces of change brought about by modern technology and infrastructural facilities that stimulate socio-economic and political advancement in any society

The critical question

“Is Inyi ready to position itself strategically to embrace the challenges of development in an age of globalization”? 4

Update on Inyi Town

• Few accounts as recorded by some Inyi scholars give credence to the fact that Inyi is a town that has a humble origin.

• Documented narratives have it that the name Inyi was derived from a tree called Inyi, under which the father of Inyi descendants was found and rescued from a probable exposure to unfriendly and harsh environmental conditions, and subsequently adopted by a man that nurtured and turned him into the father of a progressing people, today known as Inyi people.

• Inyi, a town of nine villages namely, Agbariji, Akwu, Amankwo, Arum, Enugwu, Nkwere, Obune, Umuagu, and Umuome is located in Oji-river local government area of Enugu State in Nigeria.

• In recent times and for administrative purposes, the town has been subdivided into five autonomous communities: Agbada, Arum, Enugwu Inyi, Ugwu Inyi and Umuagu (ITU, 2004). 5

Update on Inyi Town contd • The exact population of Inyi as at date is yet to be confirmed. However, back to the 1991 census, the population of Inyi was estimated to be 21,746. It is also believed that Inyi cuts a substantial number from the 126, 587 total population of Oji River LGA, according to the Nigerian census of 2006, hence it is estimated that the population of Inyi is 68,000, with a land area of 80 Square Kilometers.

• The population density of Inyi, could therefore be said to approximately stand at 850 persons per Square Kilometer, even in the face the vast farmland and forests still untouched.

• It could therefore be assumed that Inyi is a town still growing, hence the space and expanse of land within it, no doubt would be enough to accommodate the establishment of structures for its rapid development.

• Inyi people are predominantly involved in subsistent agriculture and ranks one of the high food producing towns within the local government. Production of Yam tubers, Cassava, Cocoa yam, Maize, Palm oil and Raffia wine is common (Ile, 2003). 6

The strategic location of Inyi • Located in the greater Awgu division, which shares boarders with Anambra, Abia, Imo and Ebonyi, Inyi town can be said to be in the center of Igbo heartland.

• Inyi is a town with linkage to major cities of four Igbo States namely; Enugu, Onitsha, awka and Okigwe.

• The distance from Inyi to the major towns named above fall within 70 Kilometers, which means that Inyi can be reached from these towns under an hour’s drive, without any special considering of the road conditions.

• It also means that Inyi could be reached probably in about a 30 minutes’ drive from these locations with consideration of asphalted roads that bring some level of comfort in driving and with the advantage of covering a longer stretch when estimated in time.

• Inyi is about 52 km to the Enugu International Airport, about the same distance from Aso Rock to Abuja International Airport; Lekki to Muritala Mohammed Int’l Airport, Lagos, and key locations in London to Heathrow, Luton and Gatwick Airports (Barrow, 2003). 7

Map of Oji River LGA with indicative routes linking Inyi

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Transformation of road network in Inyi• The most conspicuous of new developments in Inyi could be captured in the humble, honest, and unselfish traits of a man, and the thrust, commitment, people-centeredness and energy of a dynamic Engineer that has remained subservient to the leadership of the State Government, which no doubt accelerated the realization of a dream that on several attempts had quickly turned to twilight at dawn.

• The breaking of the rocky terrain and hills of the gateway into Nkwo-Inyi soon became obvious that the Umuagu-Nkwo Inyi road construction was definitely doable.

• Upon completion, the Umuagu-Nkwo Inyi road is expected to connect directly to Abia/Imo State through Awlaw, of which Umuahia, the capital of Abia State can be reached in less than 20 minutes of driving. 9

Umuagu-Nkwo Inyi road

The miracle of our time that created a Path in the wilderness (Analogously, a Path on the Red Sea towards the promised land)

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http://www.selamtamagazine.com/issues/novemberdecember-2013

Achi-Inyi road that connects AwguRecently, the Achi-Inyi road that connects Awgu, on one side, and Ufuma, on the other side has witnessed some degree of active construction.

The construction of Inyi-Ufuma segment is believed to be in the process of being completed in the nearest future.

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Nkwo Inyi-Akpugoeze road• The contract for the construction of Nkwo Inyi-Akpugoeze road that connects the gateway to Anambra State has been awarded and flagged off. Courtesy: Enugu State Government, November 2013,

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As is

Road link to Gateway to the WorldAnother important appendage to the road networking and connection to gateways is the linkage to ports of departure by air to other States within Nigeria and to any part of the World.

International status of the Akanu Ibiam International Airport, Enugu.

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The importance of road network in developmentTransport Supply and Demand Improved accessibility

Time and cost savings

Productivity gains

Access to wider distribution markets and places

Access to a wider range of suppliers and consumers Income from transport operations (fares and earnings)

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Economic Gains Rent income

Higher supply of commodities Lower price of commodities Formation of distribution networks

Attraction and accumulation of economic activities

Increased competitiveness

Growth of consumption

Fulfilling mobility needs

Source: adapted from the European Conference of Ministers of Transport

Graphic Analysis of Accessibility, Time and Costs savings

Accessibility projection

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Local Regional Global

The more the infrastructural facilities, in particular roads, the lesser the time and cost component of transactions. Source: adapted from the European Conference of Ministers of Transport

Time and Costs Savings – Infrastructure level curveTime Costs

Infrastructure level

Infrastructure level

Impacts of road network and transportation system

Good road network: Facilitates good transportation systems Create access to commodity and labour markets, and Leads to an increase of the efficiency and market effectiveness

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Source: Adapted from Goodbody Economic Consultants (2003) Transport and Regional Development

Inyi in the Uptrend Development does not happen overnight. Experience has shown that development is a process that follows an up-trending pattern, which means that a platform would have been established for an uptrend to take place.

In the 50s – 60s, the following were undertaken:The initial creation of major road paths in Inyi The expansion of Nkwo Inyi marketThe establishment of Inyi Pottery Health Center Bakeries, etc.

In the 70s, the following were undertaken:Establishment of two High Schools in Inyi (Inyi Boys high School and Inyi Girls High School), and many primary schools and Nursery Schools, etc.

Then arose a set of of Inyi indigenes that came into prominent positions during the early 1980s to mid 1990s, when Inyi witnessed the brightness of electricity, the first modern Bank and the benefits of some other social amenities.

From 2000 to date, Inyi has continued to advance in its process of moving forward.

Therefore, the ongoing development of Inyi of today has been premised on previous attempts and already established platforms

This is “Forward Incrementation” (Sternberg, 2007), and a process of climbing on the shoulders of giants to see and perform more than the giants.

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Justification that Inyi is moving forward

A new health Clinic on Umuagu-Inyi Road has been located along the new constructed Umuagu-Inyi road, which before now would not have been possible.

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Justification that Inyi is moving forward contd

The location of befitting Gas Station along the new road is a sign of prospect for investment opportunities

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Justification that Inyi is moving forward contd

New mini shopping outlets along Umuagu-Inyi road and Inyi-Ufuma road are signs of good change

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Justification that Inyi is moving forward contdModern two Storey buildings along the Nkwo roadbelieved to have been built by an investor from a town outside of Inyi is an indicator that the road network in Inyi would attract investors. It also spells the foresightedness of the investor that has positioned strategically in Inyi.

A micro Finance Bank/Outlet is being established in this complex This development would fit well into the expanding business horizon of Inyi.

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The changing dynamics of the world we live in

• The world we live is changing, and changing fast.

• It means that the way things were done in the past, must as a matter of necessity, change.

• It also means that our circumstances will change; the environment within which we make our decisions will change; and our economy will change. 

• The consideration here translates to the fact that the only non-variable in the world we live in is change.  Change will always occur. 

• How change affects us largely depends on our state of preparedness and adaptability to ensuing state of affairs. 22

The changing dynamics of the world we live in

Globalization and new Economic Age

• Globalization is a term that is used in many ways, but the principal underlying idea is the progressive integration of economies and societies (ILO, 2003).

• The world economy has transformed from the agrarian and industrial age to what is now known as the Information age. Flor (2009) made this understanding clear by acknowledging that before the Information Age, was the Industrial Age and before the Industrial Age, was the Agricultural Age.

• This Information age is characterized by the advent of computer technology. Satellite accelerated information dissemination; mobilization of dispersed knowledge, speed of knowledge acquisition; ease and quick means of transportation, greater reliance on intellectual capabilities than on physical inputs or natural resources are all components of the new knowledge economy (Powell & Snellman, 2004).

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The changing dynamics of the world we live in, contd

• Today, due to the virtual collapse of distance and time in the information age, what happens in California, United States of America, London, United Kingdom, Lagos, Nigeria and most places in the world can easily affect Inyi.

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Challenges of developmentDevelopment comes with positive and negative socio cultural and economic changes. Inyi in the nearest future risks becoming vulnerable to various kinds of social and economic problems that come with development. These may include:

• Exposure to the outsideInyi may cease to be that place where life seemed quiet and predictable

• Escalated greed for wealth acquisitionMisunderstandings and conflicts resulting resulting from excessive drive to exploit opportunities to acquire wealth; passion for juicy proceeds from sale of Lands and landed properties, etc., - all emanating from avarice-oriented drive, may expose Inyi to unethical practices.

• Insecurity of life and propertiesEffective road access especially one that connects gateways to key cities of the Eastern Region may provide a haven for high crimes, skilled theft and robbery. The ease of hijacking vehicles and moving them away from Inyi becomes undisputable. Looting of business outfits and residences may become common.

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Challenges of development, contd

• Exposure of the underage and middle-aged to Social illsChange of lifestyle encouraged by the advent of Internet (Bargh, & McKenna 2004), as well as functional road network will expose Inyi youths to various social ills such as hard drugs, fake drugs, prostitution, technology-induced fraudulent practices, technology enhanced crime (human abduction, credit/debit card fraud, obtaining by fraudulent practice, etc.).

• Increased traffic fatality rateAccessible network of good roads will increase traffic in Inyi and may increase the rate of accidents.

• Environmental and Sanitation problems Increased level of activities may increase littering ad uncontrolled waste disposal which would lead to poor sanitation.

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Challenges of development, contd

High cost of living• There is a connection between migration, population growth and the economy of a community (Nyberg-Sørensen, etal, 2002). Increase in population can be classified in two separate ways: the natural growth in population; and the rise in population due to migration.

• When these changes in population take place due to development, Inyi may begin to witness pressure in several areas that may impact on the livelihood of its indigenes.

Unplanned and Indiscriminate establishment of business outlets• There would be the tendency to locate any kind of business anywhere there is land space and access road. Issues of unplanned urbanization (as the case with Oji River) may arise.

Diminishing neighborhoodsThe tranquil state of neighborhoods may soon be overrun by location and establishment of structures and businesses.

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Challenges of development, contd

• Erosion of valuesDrive for acquisition of wealth and comfort may expose Inyi people to betrayal, violence, self-centeredness leading to lack of consideration for impact of actions on others, and

• Erosion of our cultures and cultural infiltrationThe culture of a people remains their identity as it accords them due recognition, hence people and culture are inseparable (Wahab, Odunsi ad Ajiboye, 2012).

There may be the tendency of Inyi people losing grip of their culture as outsiders may disregard such cultures that mean little or nothing to them.There may be loss of the status quo, and the Inyi reference points. 28

Establishing in principle, Strategies to position an emergent modern Inyi

• It is early enough, although not later than now, to begin to reason together on the types of establishments we would want in our town and how and where they should be located.

• To bring this discourse home, an “unusual” question would have to be asked:

“What type of people should be encouraged to migrate into Inyi? “ 29

Strategies to position an emergent modern Inyi

To attract great number of professionals and skilled workers as well as useful semi-skilled and unskilled workers, Inyi people would have to embark on quality establishments in Inyi.

The following would be necessary:

1). Establishment of high-grade institution of higher learning• Pursue without delay the process of establishing a University in Inyi, with high stakes of Inyi indigenes.

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Strategies to position an emergent modern Inyi

2). Industriesa). Revitalize the Inyi Pottery venture.b). Revitalize Inyi bakeriesc). Establish Ceramics to utilize the available clay deposits in Inyid) Revitalize the Inyi Brewery Dream• There was a dream to establish a brewery in Inyi sometime ago. The idea should not be allowed to diminish.

e). Explore the prospects of Coal mining in anticipation of ongoing seismic study in that regard

3). Hospitality Businesses • As at date, Inyi has only one Hotel that has served for more than two decades. It has become necessary for Inyi to have befitting Hotels where investors and indigenes can find comfort.

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Strategies to position an emergent modern Inyi

4). New Face Lift for Nkwo Inyi MarketConstruct organized Stalls along Nkwo Inyi road with set-backs from the road.

In doing that, the Nkwo Inyi market needs to be improved by way of constructing permanent lock shops, compartments, etc.

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Strategies to position an emergent modern Inyi 5). Location of more numbers of high profile Bank branches in Inyi• Soliciting the understanding of one or two more Banks to open branches in Inyi will further ease business transaction

6). Locating branches of Business outlets in Inyi• Business owners may start thinking of establishing branches of their businesses in Inyi, as to encourage visitors that may wish to invest in Inyi.

7). Establishment of Infor and Communication Tech (ICT)/Community center • This will come in the form of a town hall where Inyi issues could be discussed, and Seminars held. Modern computer facilities may be installed to enhance knowledge acquisition

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Forestalling problems associated with a rising Inyi

The following may go a long way to assist:

1.) Support and improve state of basic education in Inyi

• There is need to pay greater attention to the early education of Inyi children. It has become necessary to establish a fund to support primary and secondary education in Inyi

2). Strengthened Security• Establishment of a full Police Station in Inyi that is supported with adequate human, financial and material resources. Inyi people can donate a Hilux vehicle to be used in responding to distress calls, etc.

• Strengthened vigilante groups that operate at village levels and collectively working together would support the work of the Police.

3). Establishment of cooperative societies• Encourage establishment of Agricultural cooperatives to assist Inyi willing farmers to fuse efforts and engage in agricultural activities collectively. The Cooperatives so formed are to be registered with Enugu State Government so as to reap the proceeds of Agriculture assisted program like FADAMA

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Forestalling problems associated with a rising Inyi

4). Improve the state of Economy• The proliferation of Okada riding in Inyi by the male youths has reached an unprecedented level. Inyi male

youths have continued to show little or no interest in education, thereby leaving the female counterpart to take upper hand in education.

By ensuring that Inyi resident indigenes are engaged in productive fields, supporting the rural based economy of Inyi with establishment of small-scaled outlets would be welcome. It will keep youth and adults busy.

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Forestalling problems associated with a rising Inyi

5). Upgrading of Customary Court to Magistrate Court• Upgrade the state of Inyi Customary Court, to contain imminent challenges. Reconstruction of the current dilapidated Customary Court building and posting of a reputable Magistrate to Court will fit into the new thinking

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Forestalling problems associated with a rising Inyi

6). Planned location of establishments and outlets• Embark on constructive planning of the town Inyi, • Pay attention to location of Hotels, healthcare centers, health facilities, schools, banks, factories, markets, and the likes.

• Mmam Authority and the Inyi Town Union have big roles to play here

7). Management of Utilities• Establish a framework to deal with issues relating to management of utilities such as electricity and water, sanitation, waste management, drainage, etc.

• Mmam Authority and the Inyi Town Union also have roles to play here

8). A strong Inyi Towns Union• To take into consideration the aggregation of autonomous communities 37

Forestalling problems associated with a rising Inyi9). Hygiene and Management of UtilitiesNeed to adopt the monthly Environmental Sanitation practice obtained at the State level; avoid activities that may damage the roads, and ensure sound process of waste management, drainage, sanitation, etc.

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The leadership opportunities offered by the creation of the Autonomous Communities

• The segmentation of the Autonomous Communities offers opportunity for accountability of action and ease of leadership.

• An Autonomous Community leader has the opportunity to:

be familiar with families and clans within the community, and be acquainted with the indigenes and immigrants.

account for behavioral, trend in the dynamics of the Community, growth pattern of the people in terms of economic, social and political system.

For Inyi people to enjoy the dividends of the creation and functioning of the autonomous communities, there would be need to work as a team and hold sacrosanct the understanding of PEACE and UNITY 39

Acknowledgments Every generation produces an arrowhead that undertakes the uncommon and represents a dynamic force within the system.

Acknowledgment of Inyi Fore-bearers• It has become necessary to support the claim that Inyi is developing by recollecting the chronology of progressions of Inyi, and acknowledging the animators that have held steadfast their belief in the forward incrementation of this treasured town Inyi.

Recognition is hereby accorded Inyi forbearers of the 1950s to 1960s that initiated the progressive trend of Inyi, namely;

Chief B.N. Madueke (Agabriji), Chief Julius Ekesi (Umuome and past Chief of Inyi Town), Mr. Madu (Enugwu Inyi), Chief Umesie (Umuome), Chief Udeagbala (Umuome), Chief Nelson Chukwukelu (Arum), Chief Aeron Obika (Agbariji), Chief Adolphus Onyekwelu (Enugwu Inyi- past Chief of Inyi), Chief P.O.B Madu (Obune) and many more;

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Acknowledgments

Recognition is accorded the Inyi dynamic indigenes of the 1970s that opened the gateway to development and establishment of associated infrastructure in Inyi (notably, the establishment of two secondary schools).

The effects of the dynamism of this set taught Inyi that peace and unity can be attained through healthy dialogue and tolerance.

In that context, I recognize only two out of the many, that prominently featured in that era: Professor C. Onwumechili, and Justice A.C. Orah. 41

Acknowledgments, contd

I wish to distinguish with great honour, the set of Inyi indigenes that came into prominence with astute mindedness, clear objective and audacity, in the early 1980s and1990s.

This group stepped up the developmental processes of Inyi and initiated rural electrification of Inyi; brought the first modern Bank to Inyi; empowered a lot of Inyi people, and such other benefits of social amenities.

Recognition is therefore accorded them as follows:Admiral Alison Madueke , Rtd. (Governor of Anambra and Imo States, and Chief of Naval Staff during the period under mention), Chief Bernard Mbah (blessed memory), Honourable Silas Iloh (blessed memory), Mr. Emmanuel Amaluzo (blessed memory), Rear Admiral Amuche, Barrister Mathew Udeagbala, Mr. Arthur Obika, Mr. Foster Aniagu, Professor Ernest Adibe (blessed memory), Chief Nwachukwu Oramalugu (blessed memory), Chief Ernest Mata, just to name but a few

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Acknowledgments, contd

Then the set of Inyi indigenes made up of progressives that are daringly advancing in different fields of endeavours. This set belongs to the cutting-edge and leading-edge cluster of today’s economy.

They have permeated varied bands of innovative and modern economic sectors: Business, Governance, Power, Oil and Gas, Telecommunication, Information Technology, Academia, Human Capital development, and Politics.

This is a set that is creating a new frontier that will champion collective pursuit for rapid development of Inyi. Greater number of this group identifies with the Sunrise Club of Inyi. Engineer Chike Madueke, the President of Sunrise Club, Inyi is hereby acknowledged. 43

Acknowledgments, contd

Political Leadership• All Inyi politicians irrespective of interests and Party inclination are highly recognized and appreciated.

• The restoration of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) – the ruling Party, in Inyi and the attainment of a command post of Zonal chairpersonship (Enugu West) occupied by an Inyi indigene, Hon. Obi Madueke is hereby recognized.

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Acknowledgments

Engineer Godwin Madueke, the Honourable Commissioner for Works and Infrastructure, Enugu State, who through tenacity, loyalty, willingness to serve and unassailable belief in the essence of forward incrementation, administered the construction of the Umuagu-Nkwo Inyi road that is aimed at being stretched beyond Awlaw. This effort has become the toast of the moment.

Another credence to an up trending Inyi is the flagging off of the Inyi-Akpugoeze road. It is hoped that the efforts of the Federal Government on the segment of the Inyi-Ufuma road will complement the road construction works currently going on in Inyi.

Another front has emerged. This is the arm that has been positioned to redirect the ways things had been done in the past at the local government level.

Honourable Jideofor IK Onyemechi, the new Chairperson of the Oji River Local Government Area, represents another symbol of a rising Inyi.

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Concluding thoughts• The elites of Inyi are hereby called upon to brainstorm on the enumerated possibilities with a view to enlisting those ideas that are important and urgent.

• There is a need for Mmam Development Center and the Inyi Town Union to leave up to their responsibilities

• Therefore, recapping the review of the components that qualify Inyi as a developing town; the non-exhaustive examination of those challenges that could be associated with development, together with the minimum appraisal of possible mechanisms that may position Inyi to embrace the challenges of development, one may ask:

• Could it be concluded that Inyi has the wherewithal to contain the challenges that may ensue due to imminent development?

The critical question, however, still remains.

“Is Inyi ready to position itself strategically to embrace the challenges of development in an age of globalization”?

Your Thoughts 46

Thank YouFor Listening and God Bless You

Contact: levimadueke@yahoo.com

Thanks to the following for assisting in the finalization of the PP presentation:

Mrs Rose MaduekeEngineer Chike MaduekeEngineer Godwin Madueke

Chief Ben Nkem OramalugoProf. Emmanuel Offorezie

Chief Agozie Chukwuenyem (IDE)Prof. Eddie Floyd IgboMr. Michael Offorbuike

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• Flor, A.G. (2009): Developing Societies in the Information Age: A Critical Perspective. Published in the Philippines by the UP Open University. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/189595/Developing_Societies_in_the_Information_Age_A_Critical_Perspective

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• Ile, N.M. (2003): Inyi, the way forward. Published by Fidgina Global Books, ISBN 9783435796, Enugu, Nigeria.

• ILO (11 March 2003): World Commission on the Social dimension of globalization. Retrieved from: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/wcsdg/globali/globali.htm

• ITU (2004): Inyi Town Union Constitution

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References, cont’d

• Mberedeogu, M.A. (2003); Save Inyi Town. ISBN 9783659677. Lagos, Nigeria.

• Nyberg-Sørensen, N., N. Van Hear, and P. Engberg-Pedersen (2002a). The Migration-Development Nexus: Evidence and Policy Options; State-of-the-Art Overview’, International Migration 40(5): 3-48.

• Onwumechili, C.A. (2006): Inyi Home Affairs. Omo-T professional printers. ISBN: 9780765352, Lagos, Nigeria.

• Powell, W.W & Snellman, K. 2004. “The Knowledge Economy,” Annual Review of Sociology, (30):199-220.

• Rodrigue, J.P. (2014): The Geography of Transport System. Dept. of Global Studies & Geography , Hofstra University, New York, USA. Retrieved from: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch7en/conc7en/transportimpacts.html

• Sternberg, R. J. (2007). A systems models of leadership: WICS. American Psychologist, 62, 34 – 42.

• Ude M.O. (2001): Inyi History (1900-2000), Enugu State, Nigeria

• Wahab, E.O, Odunsi, S.O. & Ajibola, O.E. (2012): Causes and consequences of Rapid Erosion of Cultural Values in a traditional African Society. Journal of Anthropology. Vol. 2012 (2012). Retrieved from. http/dx.doi.org

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