Politicians in the People’s Republic of China

TILMAN ARETZ’S BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]———Politicians in the PRC

1

Who’s who in PRC politics

TABLE OF CONTENTS—OVERVIEW I. Top PRC leaders ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 II. The PRC State Council ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 III. Other key administrative positions in the PRC ................................................................................................................ 49 IV. Political parties in the PRC ................................................................................................................................................... 62 V. Provincial leaders in the PRC .............................................................................................................................................. 77 VI. Abolished provinces in the PRC—an overview ............................................................................................................... 92

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Explanation of symbols used in this file ....................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Top PRC leaders .................................................................................................................. 6 Chairpersons/presidents of the PRC (heads of state) ......................................................................................................... 6 Vice presidents (VP) of the PRC ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Premiers (heads of the PRC State Council) ........................................................................................................................... 7 Chairmen of the CCP’s Central Military Commission ......................................................................................................... 7 2. The PRC State Council ........................................................................................................ 7 Members of the PRC State Council ........................................................................................................................................ 7 First State Council (9/1954—4/1959) ............................................................................................................................. 7

Second State Council (4/1959—1/1965) ......................................................................................................................... 8

Third State Council (1/1965—1/1975)............................................................................................................................ 8

Fourth State Council (1/1975—3/1978) ......................................................................................................................... 8

Fifth State Council (3/1978—6/1983) ............................................................................................................................. 8

The reorganized Fifth State Council ................................................................................................................................. 9

Sixth State Council (6/1983—4/1988) ............................................................................................................................. 9

Seventh State Council (4/1988—3/1993) ....................................................................................................................... 9

Eighth State Council (3/1993—3/1998) ......................................................................................................................... 9

Ninth State Council (3/1998—3/2003) ........................................................................................................................... 9

Tenth State Council (3/2003—3/2008) ......................................................................................................................... 10

Eleventh State Council (3/2008—3/2013) .................................................................................................................... 10

Twelfth State Council (since 3/2013) .............................................................................................................................. 10

Heads of the General Office of the PRC State Council ............................................................................................. 10 ...... Heads of the State Bureau for Letters and Calls .................................................................................................... 10 The agencies under the State Council—an overview ......................................................................................................... 11 A. Ministries and commissions under the State Council (25 agencies) ..................................................................... 11 B. Ad hoc-organization directly under the State Council (1 agency) ........................................................................... 11 C. Organizations directly under the State Council (16 agencies) ............................................................................... 11 D. Working organs of the State Council (4 agencies) .................................................................................................. 12 E. Institutions directly under the State Council (13 agencies) .................................................................................... 12 F. Administrations and bureaus under the ministries and commissions of the State Council (16 agencies) ......... 12 G. Advisory and Coordinating Organs under the State Council (4 agencies) ......................................................... 12 Other agencies not included in categories A-G (10 agencies) .................................................................................... 12 Heads of current agencies under the PRC State Council .................................................................................................. 13 Ministers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) ................................................................................................ 13 Ministers of the Ministry of National Defense (MND) ............................................................................................. 13 Heads of the PRC Central Military Commission (CMC) ............................................................................................ 14 Members of the PRC CMC .............................................................................................................................................. 14 ...... Commanders of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison ................................................................................................... 17 ...... Political commissars of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison ....................................................................................... 17 Chiefs of the PLA General Staff Department ............................................................................................................. 18 Ministers of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) .................................................................................................... 18 Ministers of the Ministry of State Security (MSS) ....................................................................................................... 18 Ministers of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) ........................................................................................................ 18 Ministers of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) ................................................................................................................... 19


2

Ministers of the Ministry of Commerce (MofCom) ................................................................................................... 19 Ministers of the Ministry of Finance (MOF) ................................................................................................................ 19 Ministers of the Ministry of Education (MOE) ........................................................................................................... 20 ...... Heads of the State Language Commission ............................................................................................................. 20 Ministers of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) ................................................................................ 20 Ministers of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) ......................................................... 20 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence (SASTIND) ..... 21 ...... Heads of the China National Space Administration (CNSA) .............................................................................. 21 ...... Heads of the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) ....................................................................................... 21 ...... Heads of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA) ....................................................................... 21 Ministers of the Ministry of Supervision (MOS) ......................................................................................................... 22 Ministers of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) .................................................. 22 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Civil Service (SCS) ................................................................................... 22 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) ........................................................ 22 Ministers of the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) .......................................................................................... 22 ...... Heads of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation (NASMG) ................ 22 ...... Heads of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) .............................................................................................. 23 Ministers of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) ........................................... 23 Ministers of the Ministry of Transport (MOT) ............................................................................................................ 23 ...... Heads of the State Railways Administration .......................................................................................................... 23 ...... Heads of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) .......................................................................... 24 ...... Heads of the State Post Bureau ................................................................................................................................. 24 Ministers of the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) ............................................................................................... 24 Ministers of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) ......................................................................................................... 25 Ministers of the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) ............................................................................... 25 ...... Heads of the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) ......................................................................... 25 Ministers of the Ministry of Culture (CCNT) .............................................................................................................. 25 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH)....................................................................... 26 Heads of the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) ................................................................................... 26 Heads of the State Council’s Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office (HMO) ........................................................ 26 Heads of the State Council’s Taiwan Affairs Office (TAO) ....................................................................................... 26 Heads of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council (GQB) .......................................................... 26 Heads of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC) ............................................................................................ 27 Heads of the State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA) ............................................................................. 27 Heads of the Government Offices Administration of the State Council (GGJ) ................................................... 27 Heads of the Counsellor’s Office of the State Council (SCCO) ............................................................................... 27 Heads of the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council (LAO) ........................................................................ 28 Heads of the National Audit Office (NAO) ................................................................................................................. 28 Heads of the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention (NBCP) .......................................................................... 28 Heads of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) .............................................................. 28 ...... Heads of the National Energy Administration ....................................................................................................... 28 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Grain........................................................................................................... 29 Heads of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) ................................................................. 29 Heads of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) ................................ 29 Heads of the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) ................................................................................................ 29 Heads of the General Administration of Customs (GAC) ......................................................................................... 29 Governors of the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) ...................................................................................................... 30 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) ..................................................................... 30 Heads of the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) ................................................................................ 30 Heads of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) ............................................................................... 30 Heads of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) ............................................................................... 30 Heads of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ....................................................................................................... 31 Heads of the Information Office of the State Council (SCIO) ................................................................................ 31 Heads of the State Internet Information Office .......................................................................................................... 31 Heads of the State General Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television .......................... 31 Heads of Xinhua News Agency ...................................................................................................................................... 32 ...... Directors of the Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch .............................................................................. 32 Heads of the Research Office of the State Council ..................................................................................................... 33 Heads of the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) .............................................................. 33 Heads of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) ....................................................................................... 33 Heads of the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) .............................................................................................. 33 Heads of the State Forestry Administration (SFA) ....................................................................................................... 34


3

Heads of the National Council for Social Security Fund (SSF) ................................................................................. 34 Heads of the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) ......................................................... 34 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) ............................................. 34 Heads of the State General Administration of Sport in China (SGAS) ................................................................... 35 ...... Presidents of the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) ....................................................................................... 35 Heads of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (GAQSIQ) ........... 35 ...... Heads of the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) .............................. 35 Heads of the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) ....................................................................................... 36 ...... Heads of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (SACMS) .................................................................... 36 Heads of the Food Safety Commission under the State Council (FSC) .................................................................. 36 Heads of the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) ............................................................................................. 36 Heads of the State Archives Administration (SAAC) .................................................................................................. 36 Heads of the National Tourism Administration (CNTA) .......................................................................................... 37 Presidents of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS).............................................................................................. 37 Presidents of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) ................................................................................ 37 Presidents of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) ...................................................................................... 37 Heads of the Chinese Academy of Governance (CAG) ............................................................................................. 37 Heads of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ................................................................... 38 Heads of the Central Research Institute of Culture and History (CRICH) ............................................................ 38 Heads of the National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets ............................................................ 38 Heads of the State Cryptography Administration ........................................................................................................ 38 Retrospective—obsolete ministries/major agencies of the PRC ..................................................................................... 38 Ministry of Metallurgy Industries .................................................................................................................................... 39 Ministry of Heavy Industries ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Ministry of Light Industries ............................................................................................................................................. 39 Second Ministry of Light Industries ............................................................................................................................... 39 Ministry of Textile Industries ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Ministry of Fuel Industries ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Ministry of Coal Industries ............................................................................................................................................... 40 Ministry of Oil Industry .................................................................................................................................................... 40 Ministry of Electricity ........................................................................................................................................................ 40 Ministry of Chemical Industries ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries ..................................................................................................................... 41 Ministry of Energy Ressources ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electricity ............................................................................................................ 41 Ministry of Power Industry .............................................................................................................................................. 41 First Ministry of Machine Building Industries .............................................................................................................. 41 Ministry of Mechanical Electronics Industries ............................................................................................................. 42 Second Ministry of Machine Building Industry ............................................................................................................ 42 Ministry of Nuclear Industries ......................................................................................................................................... 42 Third Ministry of Machine Building Industries ............................................................................................................ 42 Ministry of Aviation Industries ........................................................................................................................................ 42 Ministry of Space Industry ............................................................................................................................................... 42 Ministry of Aviation and Space Industries..................................................................................................................... 42 Fourth Ministry of Machine Building Industry ............................................................................................................ 43 Ministry of Electronics Industry ..................................................................................................................................... 43 Fifth Ministry of Machine Building Industries ............................................................................................................. 43 Ministry of Ordnance ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 Sixth Ministry of Machine Building Industries ............................................................................................................. 43 Seventh Ministry of Machine Building Industries ........................................................................................................ 43 Ministry of Agricultural Machinery ................................................................................................................................ 44 Eighth Ministry of Machine Building Industries .......................................................................................................... 44 Ministry of Machine Building Industries ....................................................................................................................... 44 Ministry of Civil Engineering ........................................................................................................................................... 44 Ministry of Construction Material Industries ............................................................................................................... 44 Ministry of Urban-Rural Construction and Environmental Protection ................................................................... 44 Ministry of Land Reclamation and Cultivation ............................................................................................................. 44 Ministry of Forestry Industries ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Ministry of Food Industries ............................................................................................................................................. 45 Ministry of Grain and Food ............................................................................................................................................. 45 Ministry of Aquatic Products ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Ministry of Agricultural Products and Purchasing ....................................................................................................... 45


4

Ministry of Geology .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 Ministry of Geology and Mineral Goods ...................................................................................................................... 45 Second Ministry of Commerce ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Ministry of Urban Services ............................................................................................................................................... 45 Ministry of Goods and Materials .................................................................................................................................... 46 Ministry of Domestic Trade ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Ministry of Internal Affairs .............................................................................................................................................. 46 Ministry of Higher Education .......................................................................................................................................... 46 Ministry of Labor and Personnel .................................................................................................................................... 46 Ministry of Broadcasting, Film and Television ............................................................................................................. 46 Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications .................................................................................................................. 46 Ministry of Labor and Social Security (MOLSS) .......................................................................................................... 47 Ministry of Health (MOH) ............................................................................................................................................... 47 State Electricity Regulatory Commission (SERC) ........................................................................................................ 47 State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT)................................................................................... 47 State Commission for Machine Building Industries ..................................................................................................... 47 State Basic Construction Commission ............................................................................................................................ 48 State Commission of Technology ................................................................................................................................... 48 State Economy Commission ............................................................................................................................................ 48 State Commission of Economy and Trade .................................................................................................................... 48 State Commission of Economic System Reform ......................................................................................................... 48 State Commission of Defense Science and Technology Industries .......................................................................... 48 Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission........................................................................................................................... 49 State Commission of External Cultural Liaison ........................................................................................................... 49 3. Other key administrative positions in the PRC .................................................................... 49 The NPC and the CPPCC of the PRC ................................................................................................................................. 49 Chairmen of the National People’s Congress (NPC) .................................................................................................. 49 NPC secretary-generals ..................................................................................................................................................... 49 NPC spokespersons ........................................................................................................................................................... 50 Heads of the NPC Law Committee ................................................................................................................................ 50 Sessions of the NPC—an overview................................................................................................................................ 50 Chairpersons of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) .............................................. 50 CPPCC secretary-generals................................................................................................................................................. 50 Sessions of the CPPCC—an overview ........................................................................................................................... 51 The PRC judiciary and Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan relations................................................................................... 51 Presidents of the Supreme People’s Court .................................................................................................................... 51 Heads of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) .................................................................................................. 51 Directors of the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in HKSAR ................................................ 51 Directors of the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in Macao SAR .......................................... 52 Presidents of the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China (SF&OC) ...................... 52 Chairpersons of the Association for Relations across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) ................................................ 52 ARATS secretary-generals ................................................................................................................................................ 52 Presidents of the All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots (ACFTC)............................................................. 52 Other important posts in the PRC ......................................................................................................................................... 53 Chairpersons of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) ................................................................... 53 Chairwomen of the All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) .................................................................................... 53 China national women’s congresses—an overview ...................................................................................................... 53 Chairpersons of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese (AFROC) ......................................... 53 AFROC national congresses—an overview .................................................................................................................. 54 General-managers of the China Railway Corporation................................................................................................. 54 Directors of the Palace Museum (Forbidden City) in Beijing .................................................................................... 54 Selected diplomats from and to the PRC .............................................................................................................................. 54 PRC ambassadors to the United Nations (UN) ............................................................................................................ 54 PRC ambassadors to the World Trade Organization (WTO) ..................................................................................... 55 PRC ambassadors to the European Union (EU) .......................................................................................................... 55 EU ambassadors in the PRC ............................................................................................................................................ 55 PRC ambassadors to the United States of America (USA) ........................................................................................ 55 US representatives/ambassadors in the PRC ................................................................................................................ 56 PRC ambassadors in the Soviet Union/Russia ............................................................................................................. 56 Soviet/Russian ambassadors in the PRC ........................................................................................................................ 56 PRC ambassadors in the United Kingdom (UK) ......................................................................................................... 57 British representatives/ambassadors in the PRC .......................................................................................................... 57


5

PRC ambassadors in France ............................................................................................................................................. 57 French ambassadors in the PRC ...................................................................................................................................... 58 PRC ambassadors in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) ................................................................................ 58 PRC ambassadors in the German Democratic Republic (GDR)............................................................................... 58 FRG ambassadors in the PRC since 1972 / GDR ambassadors in the PRC (1950-1990) .................................... 59 PRC ambassadors in Japan ................................................................................................................................................ 59 Japanese ambassadors in the PRC ................................................................................................................................... 59 PRC ambassadors in Brazil ............................................................................................................................................... 60 Brazilian ambassadors in the PRC ................................................................................................................................... 60 PRC ambassadors in India ................................................................................................................................................ 60 Indian ambassadors in the PRC ....................................................................................................................................... 61 PRC ambassadors in South Africa ................................................................................................................................... 61 South African ambassadors in the PRC .......................................................................................................................... 61 4. Political parties in the PRC ................................................................................................ 62 Top officials of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ....................................................................................................... 62 Heads of the CCP .............................................................................................................................................................. 62 The CCP Politburo since 1945 ......................................................................................................................................... 62 Members of the CCP Central Military Commission since 1954 ................................................................................ 65 Members of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee since 1980 ................................................................. 67 Party congresses of the CCP—an overview ................................................................................................................. 68 Directors of the CCP General Office ............................................................................................................................ 68 Secretaries of the CCP Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) since 1949................................ 69 Heads of the CCP Political and Legal Affairs Commission ....................................................................................... 69 Heads of the CCP Organization Department .............................................................................................................. 69 Heads of the CCP Propaganda Department................................................................................................................. 70 Heads of the CCP International Affairs Office ............................................................................................................ 71 Directors of the CCP Central Compilation and Translation Bureau ........................................................................ 71 Heads of the CCP Central Policy Research Office ...................................................................................................... 71 Heads of the Central Security Bureau ............................................................................................................................ 72 Presidents of the CCP Central Party School ................................................................................................................. 72 National Representative Conferences of the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) ............................... 72 The “Cultural Revolution Small Group” and the “Gang of Four” ........................................................................... 73 The eight “democratic” parties in the PRC and affiliated organizations ........................................................................ 74 Chairpersons of the China Zhi Gong Dang/China Public Interest Party ............................................................... 74 Chairpersons of the Chinese Peasants’ and Workers’ Democratic Party (CPWDP) ............................................. 74 Chairpersons of the China Democratic League ........................................................................................................... 74 Chairpersons of the Jiusan Society/September 3rd Society ........................................................................................ 74 Chairpersons of the China National Democratic Construction Association (CNDCA) ...................................... 74 Chairpersons of the China Association for Promoting Democracy (CAPD) ......................................................... 75 Chairpersons of the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League ......................................................................... 75 Chairpersons of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK) ........................................ 75 Chairpersons of the CCP United Front Work Department ....................................................................................... 75 Chairpersons of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) ................................................. 76 Political parties in Hong Kong and Macau ........................................................................................................................... 76 Chairpersons of the Democratic Party ............... 76 Chairpersons of the DAB ................................. 76 Chairpersons of the Civic Party ........................... 76 Chairpersons of the Liberal Party ................... 76 5. Provincial leaders in the PRC ............................................................................................. 77 Anhui ................... 77 Hebei ........................ 81 Jilin ....................... 85 Sichuan ................ 89 Beijing .................. 77 Heilongjiang ............ 81 Liaoning ............... 85 Tianjin .................. 89 Chongqing ........... 78 Henan ...................... 82 Macau ................... 85 Tibet ..................... 90 Fujian ................... 78 Hong Kong ............. 82 Ningxia ................ 86 Xinjiang ............... 90 Gansu ................... 79 Hubei ....................... 83 Qinghai ................ 86 Yunnan ................ 91 Guangdong ......... 79 Hunan ...................... 83 Shaanxi ................. 87 Zhejiang............... 91 Guangxi ............... 80 Inner Mongolia ...... 83 Shandong ............. 87 Guizhou ............... 80 Jiangsu ..................... 84 Shanghai .............. 88 Hainan.................. 81 Jiangxi ...................... 84 Shanxi ................... 88 6. Abolished provinces in the PRC—an overview .................................................................... 92 Provinces of Manchuria (northeast China) abolished before Oct. 1, 1949 ............................................................. 92 Leaders of PRC provinces abolished between 1952 and 1955 ......................................................................................... 92 Chahar .................. 92 Liaodong ................. 93 Pingyuan .............. 93 Suiyuan ................ 93 Jehol ..................... 92 Liaoxi ....................... 93 Sikang ................... 93 Sungkiang ............ 93


6

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED IN THIS FILE

@ ........ acting ......... official Chinese title of the agency’s head

† .......... died in office ☞ ........ indicates an agency subordinate to an agency listed directly above

☭ ........ also a CCP organization Ⓧ ........ indicates an entity which was eventually abolished

Two other symbols used here [★ , ■ ] have no special meaning but merely serve highlighting purposes.

Note: The vast majority of politicians in the PRC are ethnic Han Chinese with regular Han Chinese names. Those

belonging to other ethnic groups with non-Chinese names—like Ulanhu烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] or Seypidin Azizi賽福鼎

˙艾則孜 [Saifuding Aizezi]—use Chinese characters for the phonetic representation of their names. In this file

these politicians have the pronunciation of the Chinese version of their names added in square brackets and italics

behind the Chinese characters (except in the chapters 5 and 6).

1. Top PRC leaders

In the People’s Republic of China (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo中華人民共和國, abbrev. PRC) the monopoly of power

lies with the Chinese Communist Party (Zhongguo gongchandang 中國共産黨, abbrev. Zhonggong 中

共 in Chinese and CCP in English). However, there is a formal separation between state,

government, and party. Head of state is the PRC president (zhuxi 主席). The central govern-

ment consists of the agencies in the State Council (guowuyuan 國務院) under the leadership of

the premier (zongli 總理). The chairmanship of the CCP Central Military Commission (Zhonggong

zhongyang junshi weiyuanhui中共中央軍事委員會; —zhuxi主席) is widely considered to be the

most powerful position in the PRC, in line with Mao Zedong’s quote ‘Every Communist must

grasp the truth: political power grows out of the barrel of a gun’ (meige gongchan dangyuan dou ying dongde zheige zhenli:

qiangganzi limian chu zhengquan 每個共產黨員都應懂得這個真理：槍桿子裏面出政權).

Chairpersons/Presidents of the PRC (heads of state) Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1949–1959 Mao Zedong 毛澤東 1893-1976 Hunan

1959–1968 Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 1898-1969 Hunan

1968–1972 Song Qingling 宋慶齡 1893-1981 Shanghai/Hainan

1968–1975 † Dong Biwu 董必武 1886-1975 Hubei

1975–1976 † Zhu De 朱德 1886-1976 Sichuan

1978–1983 Ye Jianying 葉劍英 1897-1986 Guangdong

1983–1988 Li Xiannian 李先念 1909-1992 Hubei

1988–1993 Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 1907-1998 Sichuan

1993–2003 Jiang Zemin 江澤民 b. 1926 Jiangsu

2003–2013 Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 b. 1942 Jiangsu

2013— Xi Jinping 習近平 b. 1953 Shaanxi

Note: Liu Shaoqi was removed from office in October 1968 and not replaced, at which time vice chairpersons Dong

Biwu and Song Qingling both served as acting PRC chairpersons. The post of PRC chairman was abolished in 1975,

after which the functions of the head of state were transferred to the chairman of the Standing Committee of the

National People’s Congress (quanguo renmin daibiao dahui changwu weiyuanhui 全國人民代表大會常務委員會). After

Zhu De’s death, that post remained vacant until 1978. Song was named Honorary President of the PRC (Zhonghua

renmin gongheguo mingyu zhuxi 中華人民共和國名譽主席) in 1981. Since 1983, the PRC’s head of state holds the title

“president” (zhuxi 主席), although the Chinese word actually means “chairperson”.

Vice Presidents (VP) of the PRC Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1954–1959 Zhu De 朱德 1886-1976 Sichuan

1959–1972 Song Qingling 宋慶齡 1893-1981 Shanghai/Hainan


7

1959–1972 Dong Biwu 董必武 1886-1975 Hubei

1983–1988 Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] 1906-1988 Inner Mongolia

1988–1993 Wang Zhen 王震 1908-1993 Hunan

1993–1998 Rong Yiren 榮毅仁 1916-2005 Jiangsu


2003–2008 Zeng Qinghong 曾慶紅 b. 1939 Jiangxi

2008–2013 Xi Jinping 習近平 b. 1953 Shaanxi

2013— Li Yuanchao 李源潮 b. 1950 Jiangsu

The position of PRC VP (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo fuzhuxi 中華人民共和國副主席) was abolished between 1972

and 1983.

Premiers (heads of the PRC State Council) Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1949–1976 † Zhou Enlai 周恩來 1898-1976 Zhejiang

1976–1980 Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 1920-2008 Shanxi

1980–1987 Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 1919-2005 Henan

1987–1998 Li Peng 李鵬 b. 1928 Shanghai

1998–2003 Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 b. 1928 Hunan

2003–2013 Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 b. 1942 Tianjin

2013— Li Keqiang 李克強 b. 1955 Anhui

Chairmen of the CCP’s Central Military Commission Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1935–1976 † Mao Zedong 毛澤東 1893-1976 Hunan


1981–1989 Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 1904-1997 Sichuan




2. The PRC State Council

MEMBERS OF THE PRC STATE COUNCIL

The State Council (guowuyuan 國務院) was established in September 1954 and is the highest administrative authority

of the PRC. Its chairman is the PRC premier (zongli總理), other members include the vice premiers (fuzongli副總理)

and state councilors (guowu weiyuan 國務委員), one of those members doubling as secretary-general (mishuzhang 秘書

長), as well as the heads of each government ministry, department and agency. Before May 1982, the State Council

consisted of the premier, the vice premiers and the secretary-general only.

First State Council (9/1954—4/1959) Premier—Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang)

Vice premiers—Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Peng Dehuai 彭德懷

(1898-1974, Hunan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Deng Zihui 鄧子恢 (1896-1972, Fujian),

He Long賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Chen Yi陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Ulanhu烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] (1906-1988,

Inner Mongolia), Li Fuchun 李富春 (1900-1975, Hunan), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei); [since

5/1956] Bo Yibo 薄一波 (1908-2007, Shanxi); [since 11/1956] Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan)

Secretary-General—Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 (1913-2002, Shaanxi)


8

Second State Council (4/1959—1/1965) Premier—Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang)

Vice premiers—Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Peng Dehuai 彭德懷

(1898-1974, Hunan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Deng Zihui 鄧子恢 (1896-1972, Fujian),

He Long賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Chen Yi陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Ulanhu烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] (1906-1988,

Inner Mongolia), Li Fuchun 李富春 (1900-1975, Hunan), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Nie Rong-

zhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Bo Yibo 薄一波 (1908-2007, Shanxi), Tan Zhenlin 譚震林 (1902-1983,

Hunan), Lu Dingyi 陸定一 (1906-1996, Jiangsu), Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan), Xi Zhongxun 習

仲勳 (1913-2002, Shaanxi)

Secretary-General—Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 (1913-2002, Shaanxi)

Third State Council (1/1965—1/1975) Premier—Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang)

Vice premiers—Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平

(1904-1997, Sichuan), He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Ke Qingshi 柯

慶施 (1902-1965, Anhui), Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] (1906-1988, Inner Mongolia), Li Fuchun 李富春

(1900-1975, Hunan), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Tan Zhenlin 譚震林 (1902-1983, Hunan), Nie

Rongzhen聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Bo Yibo薄一波 (1908-2007, Shanxi), Lu Dingyi陸定一 (1906-1996,

Jiangsu), Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan), Tao Zhu 陶鑄 (1908-1969, Hunan), Xie Fuzhi 謝富治

(1909-1972, Hubei)

Secretary-General—Zhou Rongxin 周榮鑫 (1917-1976, Shandong)

Fourth State Council (1/1975—3/1978) Premier—Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang); [since 2/1976] Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008, Shanxi)

Vice premiers—Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005, Shandong), Li

Xiannian李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Chen Xilian陳錫聯 (1915-1999, Hubei), Ji Dengkui紀登奎 (1923-1988,

Shanxi), Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008, Shanxi), Chen Yonggui 陳永貴 (1914-1986, Shanxi), Wu Guixian

吳桂賢 (b. 1938, Henan), Wang Zhen 王震 (1908-1993, Hunan), Yu Qiuli 余秋里 (1914-1999, Jiangxi), Gu

Mu 谷牧 (1914-2009, Shandong), Sun Jian 孫健 (1936-1997, Hebei)

Fifth State Council (3/1978—6/1983) Premier—Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008, Shanxi); [after Hua’s resignation in 9/1980] Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽

(1919-2005, Henan)

Vice premiers—Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Xu Xiang-

qian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ji Dengkui 紀登奎 (1923-1988, Shanxi), Yu Qiuli 余秋里 (1914-1999,

Jiangxi), Chen Xilian陳錫聯 (1915-1999, Hubei), Geng Biao耿飆 (1909-2000, Hunan), Chen Yonggui陳永貴

(1914-1986, Shanxi), Fang Yi 方毅 (1916-1997, Fujian), Wang Zhen 王震 (1908-1993, Hunan), Gu Mu 谷牧

(1914-2009, Shandong), Kang Shi’en 康世恩 (1915-1995, Hebei), Chen Muhua 陳慕華 (1921-2011, Zhejiang);

[since 1979] Wang Renzhong 王任重 (1917-1992, Hebei); [7/1979–9/1980] Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995,

Jiangsu); [since 7/1979] Bo Yibo 薄一波 (1908-2007, Shanxi); [since 7/1979] Yao Yilin 姚依林 (1917-1994,

Anhui); [since 9/1979] Ji Pengfei姬鵬飛 (1910-2000, Shanxi); [since 4/1980] Zhao Ziyang趙紫陽 (1919-2005,

Henan); [since 4/1980] Wan Li 萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong); [since 9/1980] Yang Jingren 楊靜仁 (1918-2001,

Gansu); [since 9/1980] Zhang Aiping 張愛萍 (1910-2003, Sichuan); [since 9/1980] Huang Hua 黃華

(1913-2010, Hebei)

Secretary-General—[since 3/1979] Jin Ming 金明 (1913-1998, Shandong); [since 12/1979] Ji Pengfei 姬鵬飛

(1910-2000, Shanxi); [since 11/1980] Du Xingyuan 杜星垣 (1914-2011, Fujian)

On the 23rd session of the Fifth National People’s Congress in May 1982, the State Council was re-

organized. Besides the State Councilors, there were also advisors (guowuyuan guwen 國務院顧問) in-

cluded into the body.


9

The reorganized Fifth State Council Premier—Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan)

Vice premiers—Wan Li 萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong), Yao Yilin 姚依林 (1917-1994, Anhui)

State Councilors—Yu Qiuli 余秋里 (1914-1999, Jiangxi), Geng Biao 耿飆 (1909-2000, Hunan), Fang Yi 方毅

(1916-1997, Fujian), Gu Mu 谷牧 (1914-2009, Shandong), Kang Shi’en 康世恩 (1915-1995, Hebei), Chen

Muhua 陳慕華 (1921-2011, Zhejiang), Bo Yibo 薄一波 (1908-2007, Shanxi), Ji Pengfei 姬鵬飛 (1910-2000,

Shanxi), Huang Hua 黃華 (1913-2010, Hebei), Zhang Jinfu 張勁夫 (b. 1914, Anhui); [since 11/1982] Zhang

Aiping 張愛萍 (1910-2003, Sichuan)

Secretary-General—Du Xingyuan 杜星垣 (1914-2011, Fujian)

Advisors for the State Council—Qian Zhiguang 錢之光 (1900-1994, Zhejiang), Liu Lanpo 劉瀾波 (1904-1982,

Liaoning), Li Qiang 李強 (1905-1996, Jiangsu), Zeng Sheng 曾生 (1910-1995, Guangdong)

Sixth State Council (6/1983—4/1988) Premier—Zhao Ziyang趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan); [acting premier after Zhao’s resignation in 11/1987] Li Peng李

鵬 (b. 1928, Shanghai)

Vice premiers—Wan Li 萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong), Yao Yilin 姚依林 (1917-1994, Anhui), Li Peng 李鵬 (b. 1928,

Shanghai), Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong); [since 1986] Qiao Shi 喬石 (b. 1924, Zhejiang)

State Councilors—Fang Yi 方毅 (1916-1997, Fujian), Gu Mu 谷牧 (1914-2009, Shandong), Kang Shi’en 康世恩

(1915-1995, Hebei), Chen Muhua 陳慕華 (1921-2011, Zhejiang), Ji Pengfei 姬鵬飛 (1910-2000, Shanxi),

Zhang Jinfu 張勁夫 (b. 1914, Anhui), Zhang Aiping 張愛萍 (1910-2003, Sichuan), Wu Xueqian 吳學謙

(1921-2008, Shanghai), Wang Bingqian 王丙乾 (b. 1925, Hebei), Song Ping 宋平 (b. 1917, Shandong), Song

Jian 宋健 (b. 1931, Shandong)

Secretary-General—Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong); [since 11/1985] Chen Junsheng 陳俊生 (1927-2002,

Heilongjiang)

Seventh State Council (4/1988—3/1993) Premier—Li Peng 李鵬 (b. 1928, Shanghai)

Vice premiers—Yao Yilin 姚依林 (1917-1994, Anhui), Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong), Wu Xueqian 吳學

謙 (1921-2008, Shanghai); [since 4/1991] Zou Jiahua鄒家華 (b. 1926, Shanghai); [since 4/1991] Zhu Rongji朱

鎔基 (b. 1928, Hunan)

State Councilors—Li Tieying李鐵映 (b. 1936, Hunan), Qin Jiwei秦基偉 (1914-1997, Hubei), Wang Bingqian王丙

乾 (b. 1925, Hebei), Song Jian宋健 (b. 1931, Shandong), Wang Fang王芳 (b. 1920, Shandong), Zou Jiahua鄒

家華 (b. 1926, Shanghai), Li Guixian 李貴鮮 (b. 1937, Liaoning), Chen Xitong 陳希同 (1930-2013, Sichuan),

Chen Junsheng 陳俊生 (1927-2002, Heilongjiang); [since 4/1991] Qian Qichen 錢其琛 (b. 1928, Tianjin)

Secretary-General—Chen Junsheng 陳俊生 (1927-2002, Heilongjiang); [4–12/1988] Luo Gan 羅幹 (b. 1935, Shan-

dong)

Eighth State Council (3/1993—3/1998) Premier—Li Peng 李鵬 (b. 1928, Shanghai)

Vice premiers—Zhu Rongji朱鎔基 (b. 1928, Hunan), Zou Jiahua鄒家華 (b. 1926, Shanghai), Qian Qichen錢其琛

(b. 1928, Tianjin), Li Lanqing 李嵐清 (b. 1932, Jiangsu); [since 3/1995] Wu Bangguo 吳邦國 (b. 1941, Anhui);

[since 3/1995] Jiang Chunyun 姜春雲 (b. 1930, Shandong)

State Councilors—Li Tieying 李鐵映 (b. 1936, Hunan), Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Song Jian 宋健

(b. 1931, Shandong), Li Guixian李貴鮮 (b. 1937, Liaoning), Chen Junsheng陳俊生 (1927-2002, Heilongjiang),

Ismail Amet 司馬義˙艾買提 [Simayi Aimaiti] (b. 1935, Xinjiang), Peng Peiyun 彭珮雲 (b. 1929, Hunan), Luo

Gan 羅幹 (b. 1935, Shandong)

Secretary-General—Luo Gan 羅幹 (b. 1935, Shandong)

Ninth State Council (3/1998—3/2003) Premier—Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 (b. 1928, Hunan)

Vice premiers—Li Lanqing李嵐清 (b. 1932, Jiangsu), Qian Qichen錢其琛 (b. 1928, Tianjin), Wu Bangguo吳邦國

(b. 1941, Anhui), Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin)

State Councilors—Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Luo Gan 羅幹 (b. 1935, Shandong), Wu Yi 吳儀 (b.

1938, Hubei), Ismail Amet 司馬義˙艾買提 [Simayi Aimaiti] (b. 1935, Xinjiang), Wang Zhongyu 王忠禹 (b.


10

1933, Jilin)

Secretary-General—Wang Zhongyu 王忠禹 (b. 1933, Jilin)

Tenth State Council (3/2003—3/2008) Premier—Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin)

Vice premiers—Huang Ju 黃菊 (1938-2007, Shanghai/Zhejiang), Wu Yi 吳儀 (b. 1938, Hubei), Zeng Peiyan 曾培

炎 (b. 1938, Zhejiang), Hui Liangyu 回良玉 (b. 1944, Jilin)

State Councilors—Zhou Yongkang 周永康 (b. 1942, Jiangsu), Cao Gangchuan 曹剛川 (b. 1935, Henan), Tang Jia-

xuan 唐家璇 (b. 1938, Jiangsu), Hua Jianmin 華建敏 (b. 1940, Jiangsu), Chen Zhili 陳至立 (b. 1942, Fujian)

Secretary-General—Hua Jianmin 華建敏 (b. 1940, Jiangsu)

Eleventh State Council (3/2008—3/2013) Premier—Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin)

Vice premiers—Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955, Anhui), Hui Liangyu 回良玉 (b. 1944, Jilin), Zhang Dejiang 張德江

(b. 1946, Liaoning), Wang Qishan 王岐山 (b. 1948, Shanxi)

State Councilors—Liu Yandong劉延東 (b. 1945, Jiangsu), Liang Guanglie梁光烈 (b. 1940, Sichuan), Ma Kai馬凱

(b. 1946, Shanghai), Meng Jianzhu 孟建柱 (b. 1947, Jiangsu), Dai Bingguo 戴秉國 (b. 1941, Guizhou)

Secretary-General—Ma Kai 馬凱 (b. 1946, Shanghai)

Twelfth State Council (since 3/2013) Premier—Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955, Anhui)

Vice premiers—Zhang Gaoli張高麗 (b. 1946, Fujian), Liu Yandong劉延東 (b. 1945, Jiangsu), Wang Yang汪洋 (b.

1955, Anhui), Ma Kai 馬凱 (b. 1946, Shanghai)

State Councilors—Yang Jing 楊晶 (b. 1953, Inner Mongolia), Chang Wanquan 常萬全 (b. 1949, Henan), Yang Jie-

chi楊潔篪 (b. 1950, Shanghai), Guo Shengkun郭聲琨 (b. 1954, Jiangxi), Wang Yong王勇 (b. 1955, Liaoning)

Secretary-General—Yang Jing 楊晶 (b. 1953, Inner Mongolia)

Heads of the General Office of the PRC State Council Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1949–1953 Li Weihan 李維漢 1896-1984 Hunan

1953–1965 Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 1913-2002 Shaanxi

1965–1975 Zhou Rongxin 周榮鑫 1917-1976 Shandong

1979 Jin Ming 金明 1913-1998 Shandong

1979–1980 Ji Pengfei 姬鵬飛 1910-2000 Shanxi

1980–1983 Du Xingyuan 杜星垣 1914-2011 Fujian

1983–1985 Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 b. 1929 Shandong

1985–1993 Chen Junsheng 陳俊生 1927-2002 Heilongjiang

1993–1998 Luo Gan 羅幹 b. 1935 Shandong

1998–2003 Wang Zhongyu 王忠禹 b. 1933 Jilin

2003–2008 Hua Jianmin 華建敏 b. 1940 Shanghai

2008–2013 Ma Kai 馬凱 b. 1946 Shanghai

2013— Yang Jing 楊晶 b. 1953 Inner Mongolia

The head of the General Office of the PRC State Council (guowuyuan bangongting 國務院辦公廳) uses the title

Secretary-General (mishuzhang 秘書長). Between the establishment of the PRC and 1954, the agency was called

“Secretariat of the PRC Central Government Administration Council” (zhongyang renmin zhengfu zhengwuyuan mishuting

中央人民政府政務院秘書廳), between 1954 and 1970 “Secretariat of the PRC State Council” (Zhonghua renmin

gongheguo guowuyuan mishuting 中華人民共和國國務院秘書廳), in the following decade “Office of the PRC State

Council” (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo guowuyuan bangongshi 中華人民共和國國務院辦公室), and it has been known

under its current name since 1980. Between 1975 and 1979, the post of Secretary-General was left vacant.

☞ Heads of the State Bureau for Letters and Calls Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia xinfangju 國家信訪局; —juzhang 局長

Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

2000–2004 Zhou Zhanshun 周占順 1945-2005 Hebei


11

2004–2013 Wang Xuejun 王學軍 b. 1952 Hebei

2013— Shu Xiaoqin 舒曉琴 b. 1956 Jiangxi

Before 2000, the agency was called “Letters and Calls Bureau of the General Office of the PRC State Council” (guo-

wuyuan bangongting xinfangju 國務院辦公廳信訪局).

THE AGENCIES UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL—AN OVERVIEW

According to information available on the official State Council website, today’s 79 agencies under the PRC State

Council are listed in seven different categories:

A. Ministries and commissions under the State Council (guowuyuan suoshu buwei 國務院所屬部委)—25

B. Ad hoc-organization directly under the State Council (guowuyuan zhishu teshe jigou 國務院直屬特設機構)—1

C. Organizations directly under the State Council (guowuyuan zhishu jigou 國務院直屬機構)—16

D. Working organs of the State Council (guowuyuan banshi jigou 國務院辦事機構)—4

E. Institutions directly under the State Council (guowuyuan zhishu shiye danwei 國務院直屬事業單位)—13

F. Administrations and bureaus under the ministries and commissions of the State Council (guowuyuan buwei guan-

lide guojiaju 國務院部委管理的國家局)—16

G. Advisory and Coordinating Organs under the State Council (guowuyuan yishi xietiao jigou 國務院議事協調機構)

—4

The following tables show all 79 agencies in the seven categories and 10 other agencies not included in the categories

A-G with their full English names plus Chinese and English abbreviation (if available—in case of no Chinese ab-

breviation existing, the full Chinese name is presented instead) but without Hanyu Pinyin which is provided further

below in the subchapter “Heads of current agencies under the State Council”.

A. Ministries and commissions under the State Council (25 agencies)

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) 外交部 Ministry of National Defense (MND) 國防部

National Development and Reform Commission

(NDRC) 發展改革委

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

(MIIT) 工信部

Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) 科技部 Ministry of Education (MOE) 教育部

State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC) 國家民委 Ministry of Public Security (MPS) 公安部

Ministry of State Security (MSS) 安全部 Ministry of Supervision (MOS) 監察部

Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) 民政部 Ministry of Justice (MOJ) 司法部

Ministry of Finance (MOF) 財政部 Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) 國土資源部

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

(MOHRSS) 人社部

Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) 環境保護

部

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

(MOHURD) 住建部

National Health and Family Planning Commission

(NHFPC) 衛生和計生委

Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) 水利部 Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) 農業部

Ministry of Commerce (MofCom) 商務部 Ministry of Culture (CCNT) 文化部

Ministry of Transport (MOT) 交通運輸部 People’s Bank of China (PBoC) 人民銀行

National Audit Office (NAO) 審計署

B. Ad hoc-organization directly under the State Council (1 agency)

State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) 國資委

C. Organizations directly under the State Council (16 agencies)

General Administration of Customs (GAC) 海關總署 State Administration of Taxation (SAT) 稅務總局

State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC)

工商總局

General Administration of Quality Supervision, In-

spection and Quarantine (GAQSIQ) 質檢總局

State General Administration of Press, Publication,

Radio, Film and Television 新聞出版廣電總局

State General Administration of Sport (SGAS) 體育總

局

State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) 安監總局 China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) 食品藥

品監管總局


12

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) 統計局 State Forestry Administration (SFA) 林業局

State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) 知識産權局 National Tourism Administration (CNTA) 旅游局

State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA) 宗教

局

Counsellor’s Office of the State Council (SCCO) 參事

室

Government Offices Administration of the State Council

(GGJ) 國管局

National Bureau of Corruption Prevention (NBCP) 預

防腐敗局

D. Working organs of the State Council (4 agencies)

Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council

(GQB) 僑辦

State Council’s Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office

(HMO) 港澳辦

Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council (LAO) 法

制辦 Research Office of the State Council 國研室

E. Institutions directly under the State Council (13 agencies)

Xinhua News Agency 新華社 Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 中科院

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) 社科院 Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) 工程院

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

自然科學基金會

National Council for Social Security Fund (SSF) 社保基

金會

China Earthquake Administration (CEA) 地震局 China Meteorological Administration (CMA) 氣象局

Development Research Center of the State Council

(DRC) 發展研究中心 China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) 銀監會

China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 證監

會

China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) 保監

會

Chinese Academy of Governance (CAG) 行政學院

F. Administrations and bureaus under the ministries and commissions of the State Council (16 agencies)

State Bureau for Letters and Calls 信訪局 State Administration of Grain 糧食局

National Energy Administration 能源局 State Post Bureau 郵政局

State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA) 煙草

局

State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs

(SAFEA) 外專局

State Administration of Civil Service (SCS) 公務員局 State Oceanic Administration (SOA) 海洋局

National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and

Geoinformation (NASMG) 測繪局

State Administration for Science, Technology and In-

dustry for National Defence (SASTIND) 國防科工局

Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) 民航局 State Railways Administration 鐵路局

State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) 文物

局

State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine

(SATCM) 中醫藥局

State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) 外匯

局

State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (SACMS) 煤

監局

G. Advisory and coordinating organs under the State Council (4 agencies)

Office of the State Council Leading Group Office of

Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) 國務院

扶貧開發領導小組辦公室

Office of the State Council Three Gorges Project Con-

struction Committee 國務院三峽工程建設委員會辦公

室

Office of the State Council South-to-North Water

Diversion Construction Committee 國務院南水北調工

程建設委員會辦公室

Office of the State Council Food Safety Commission 國

務院食品安全委員會辦公室

Other agencies not included in categories A-G (10 agencies)

Information Office of the State Council (SCIO) 國務院

新聞辦公室 ☭

State Council’s Taiwan Affairs Office (TAO) 國務院台

灣事務辦公室 ☭


13

National Administration for the Protection of State State Cryptography Administration 國家密碼管理局 ☭

Secrets 國家保密局 ☭ State Archives Administration (SAAC) 國家檔案局

China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) 國家原子能

機構

National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) 國家核

安全局

China National Space Administration (CNSA) 國家航天

局

Standardization Administration of the China (SAC) 國

家標準委

State Language Commission 國家語言文字工作委員會

HEADS OF CURRENT AGENCIES UNDER THE PRC STATE COUNCIL

The bureaucracy of the PRC central government is complex and comprises dozens of agencies. The official title of

all ministry heads is “minister” (buzhang 部長), the Chinese title for other kinds of agencies is mentioned here

following the Chinese name of an agency and indicated with a “” symbol.

As the category F (“Administrations and Bureaus under the Ministries and Commissions of the State Council”)

mentioned above indicates, several agencies are not directly under the supervision of the State Council but sub-

ordinate agencies of its ministries or commissions. On the following pages, such subordinate agencies and their

heads (indented in the table of contents on top of this file) are shown directly below their parent agency and high-

lighted with a “☞” symbol.

Please note that some agencies often listed under the State Council also operate as identical organizations under

the CCP Central Committee (Zhongguo gongchandang zhongyang weiyuanhui 中國共產黨中央委員會), a phenomenon

dubbed “one organization, two signs” (yige jigou liangkuai paizi 一個機構兩塊牌子) which applies to the Taiwan

Affairs Office (TAO) and the State Council Information Office (SCIO) as well as to the National Administration for

the Protection of State Secrets and the State Cryptography Administration; the latter two are first and foremost CCP

organizations. Those double agencies are highlighted with a “☭ ” symbol in this file.

Ministers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) Agency’s name in Chinese: waijiaobu 外交部


1949–1958 Zhou Enlai 周恩來 1898-1976 Zhejiang

1958–1972 † Chen Yi 陳毅 1901-1972 Sichuan


1974–1976 Qiao Guanhua 喬冠華 1913-1983 Jiangsu

1976–1982 Huang Hua 黃華 1913-2010 Hebei

1982–1988 Wu Xueqian 吳學謙 1921-2008 Shanghai

1988–1998 Qian Qichen 錢其琛 b. 1928 Tianjin

1998–2003 Tang Jiaxuan 唐家璇 b. 1938 Jiangsu

2003–2007 Li Zhaoxing 李肇星 b. 1940 Shandong

2007–2013 Yang Jiechi 楊潔篪 b. 1950 Shanghai

2013— Wang Yi 王毅 b. 1953 Beijing

Ministers of the Ministry of National Defense (MND) Agency’s name in Chinese: guofangbu 國防部


1954–1959 Peng Dehuai 彭德怀 1898-1974 Hunan

1959–1971 † Lin Biao 林彪 1907-1971 Hubei


1978–1981 Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 1901-1990 Shanxi

1981–1982 Geng Biao 耿飆 1909-2000 Hunan

1982–1988 Zhang Aiping 張愛萍 1910-2003 Sichuan

1988–1993 Qin Jiwei 秦基偉 1914-1997 Hubei

1993–2003 Chi Haotian 遲浩田 b. 1929 Shandong

2003–2008 Cao Gangchuan 曹剛川 b. 1935 Henan

2008–2013 Liang Guanglie 梁光烈 b. 1940 Sichuan


14

2013— Chang Wanquan 常萬全 b. 1949 Henan

Note: In the PRC, the defense minister has merely representative functions but does not exercise command

authority over the PLA, which is instead subordinate to the CMC.

Heads of the PRC Central Military Commission (CMC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia zhongyang junshi weiyuanhui 國家中央軍事委員會, abbrev. guojia zhongyang junwei

國家中央軍委/guojia junwei 國家軍委







Note: After the PRC was established in 1949, the highest military organization of the state was the Central People’s

Government People’s Revolutionary Military Affairs Commission (zhongyang renmin zhengfu renmin geming junshi weiyuan-

hui 中央人民政府人民革命軍事委員會), replaced in the PRC’s 1954 Constitution by the National Defense

Commission (guofang weiyuanhui 國防委員會) which was headed by the PRC president. In the PRC’s 1982

Constitution, the PRC Central Military Commission was established. Meanwhile, the CCP Central Military

Commission is considered far more influential than its counterpart of the state.

Members of the PRC CMC ■ 1949–1954 People’s Revolutionary Military Affairs Commission of the Central People’s Government (zhongyang renmin zhengfu

renmin geming junshi weiyuanhui 中央人民政府人民革命軍事委員會)—1 chairman (zhuxi 主席), 5 vice chairmen (fu-

zhuxi 副主席), and 22 members (weiyuan 委員)

Chairman: Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: Cheng Qian程潛 (1882-1968, Hunan), Liu Shaoqi劉少奇 (1898-1969, Hunan), Peng Dehuai彭德

懷 (1898-1974, Hunan), Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang), and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan).

Members: Cai Tingkai蔡廷鍇, Chen Yi陳毅, Deng Xiaoping鄧小平, Deng Zihui鄧子恢, Fuo Zuoyi傅作義, Gao

Gang 高崗, He Long 賀龍, Li Xiannian 李先念, Lin Biao 林彪, Liu Bocheng 劉伯承, Liu Fei 劉斐, Long Yun

龍雲, Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿, Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻, Rao Shushi 饒漱石, Sa Zhenbing 薩鎮冰, Su Yu 粟裕, Xi

Zhongxun 習仲勳, Xu Xiangqian 徐向前, Ye Jianying 葉劍英, Zhang Yunyi 張雲逸, and Zhang Zhizhong 張

治中.

[In 1951, Gao Gang 高崗 (1905-1954, Shaanxi) and Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei) became vice chairmen. In

1954, Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承

(1892-1986, Sichuan), Luo Ronghuan 羅榮桓 (1902-1963, Hunan), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Si-

chuan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi) and Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong) became

vice chairmen; Xu Haidong 徐海東 (1900-1970, Hubei) became new member, and Zhu De was appointed

commander (zong siling 總司令) of the the PLA headquarters (Zhongguo renmin jiefangjun zongbu 中國人民解放軍

總部).]

■ 1954–1959 First National Defense Commission of the PRC (diyijie Zhonghua renmin gongheguo guofang weiyuanhui 第一屆中華人民

共和國國防委員會)—1 chairman, 15 vice chairmen, and 81 members

Chairman: Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Cheng Qian 程潛 (1882-1968, Hunan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小

平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Fu Zuoyi 傅作義 (1895-1974, Shanxi), He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Lin Biao

林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Long Yun 龍雲 (1884-1962, Yunnan),

Luo Ronghuan 羅榮桓 (1902-1963, Hunan), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Peng Dehuai 彭德

懷 (1898-1974, Hunan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guang-

dong), Zhang Zhizhong 張治中 (1890-1969, Anhui), and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan).

Members: Cai Tingkai蔡廷鍇, Chen Geng陳賡, Chen Mingren陳明仁, Chen Qihan陳奇涵, Chen Shaokuan陳紹

寬, Chen Shiju 陳士榘, Chen Xilian 陳錫聯, Chen Zaidao 陳再道, Deng Baoshan 鄧寶珊, Deng Hua 鄧華,

Deng Xihou 鄧錫侯, Deng Zhaoxiang 鄧兆祥, Dong Qiwu 董其武, Feng Baiju 馮白駒, Gao Shuxun 高樹勳,

Han Liancheng 韓練成, Han Xianchu 韓先楚, He Bingyan 賀炳炎, Hong Xuezhi 洪學智, Huang Kecheng 黃


15

克誠, Huang Qixiang 黃琪翔, Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝, Li Minghao 李明灝, Li Mingyang 李明揚, Li Xian-

nian 李先念, Liao Hansheng 廖漢生, Lin Zun 林遵, Liu Fei 劉斐, Liu Shanben 劉善本, Liu Wenhui 劉文輝,

Liu Yalou 劉亞樓, Lu Han 盧漢, Lü Zhengcao 呂正操, Lu Zhonglin 鹿鍾麟, Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿, Ma Hong-

bin 馬鴻賓, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme 阿沛˙阿旺晉美 [Apei Awang Jinmei], Pei Changhui 裴昌會, Peng Shao-

hui 彭紹輝, Seypidin Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜 [Saifuding Aizezi], Song Renqiong 宋任窮, Song Shilun 宋時輪,

Su Yu 粟裕, Su Zhenhua 蘇振華, Sun Weiru 孫蔚如, Tan Zheng 譚政, Tang Liang 唐亮, Tang Shengzhi 唐生

智, Tao Zhiyue陶峙岳, Teng Daiyuan滕代遠, Ulanhu烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu], Wan Yi萬毅, Wang Bingzhang王秉

璋, Wang Hongkun 王宏坤, Wang Shitai 王世泰, Wang Shusheng 王樹聲, Wang Xinting 王新亭, Wang Zhen

王震, Wei Guoqing 韋國清, Xiao Jingguan 蕭勁光, Xiao Ke 蕭克, Xu Guangda 許光達, Xu Haidong 徐海東,

Xu Shiyou許世友, Yan Hongyan閻紅彥, Yang Chengwu楊成武, Yang Dezhi楊得志, Yang Yong楊勇, Ye Fei

葉飛, Yu Xuezhong 于學忠, Zeng Zesheng 曾澤生, Zhang Aiping 張愛萍, Zhang Dazhi 張達志, Zhang

Guohua 張國華, Zhang Yunyi 張雲逸, Zhang Zongxun 張宗遜, Zhao Erlu 趙爾陸, Zheng Dongguo 鄭洞國,

Zhou Baozhong 周保中, Zhou Chunquan 周純全, and Zhou Shidi 周士第.

[In February 1958, Long Yun was removed from office as vice chairman and Huang Qixiang 黃琪翔 (1898-1970,

Guangdong) as a member.]

■ 1959–1965 Second National Defense Commission of the PRC (dierjie Zhonghua renmin gongheguo guofang weiyuanhui 第二屆中華人

民共和國國防委員會)—1 chairman, 14 vice chairmen, and 100 members

Chairman: Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 (1898-1969, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Cheng Qian 程潛 (1882-1968, Hunan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小

平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Fu Zouyi 傅作義 (1895-1974, Shanxi), He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Lin Biao

林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Luo Ronghuan 羅榮桓 (1902-1963,

Hunan), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Peng Dehuai 彭德懷 (1898-1974, Hunan), Wei Lihuang

衛立煌 (1897-1960, Anhui), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986,

Guangdong), and Zhang Zhizhong 張治中 (1890-1969, Anhui).

Members: Cai Tingkai蔡廷鍇, Chen Bojun陳伯鈞, Chen Geng陳賡, Chen Mingren陳明仁, Chen Qihan陳奇涵,

Chen Shaokuan 陳紹寬, Chen Shiju 陳士榘, Chen Tie 陳鐵, Chen Xilian 陳錫聯, Chen Zaidao 陳再道, Deng

Baoshan 鄧寶珊, Deng Hua 鄧華, Deng Xihou 鄧錫侯, Deng Zhaoxiang 鄧兆祥, Dong Qiwu 董其武, Feng

Baiju馮白駒, Fu Qiutao傅秋濤, Fu Zhong傅鍾, Gao Shuxun高樹勳, Guo Tianmin郭天民, Han Liancheng

韓練成, Han Xianchu 韓先楚, He Bingyan 賀炳炎, Hong Xuezhi 洪學智, Hou Jingru 侯鏡如, Huang Ke-

cheng 黃克誠, Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝, Huang Zhengqing 黃正清, Kong Congzhou 孔從周, Lai Chuanzhu

賴傳珠, Li Da 李達, Li Jukui 李聚奎, Li Minghao 李明灝, Li Mingyang 李明揚, Li Tianyou 李天佑, Li Xian-

nian 李先念, Liao Hansheng 廖漢生, Lin Weixian 林維先, Lin Zun 林遵, Liu Fei 劉斐, Liu Shanben 劉善本,

Liu Wenhui劉文輝, Liu Yalou劉亞樓, Lu Han盧漢, Lü Zhengcao呂正操, Lu Zhonglin鹿鍾麟, Luo Ruiqing

羅瑞卿, Ma Hongbin 馬鴻賓, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme 阿沛˙阿旺晉美 [Apei Awang Jinmei], Pei Changhui 裴

昌會, Peng Shaohui 彭紹輝, Sampo Tséwang Rindzin 桑頗˙才旺仁增 [Sangpo Caiwang Renzeng], Seypidin

Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜 [Saifuding Aizezi], Song Renqiong 宋任窮, Song Shilun 宋時輪, Su Yu 粟裕, Su Zhen-

hua蘇振華, Sun Weiru 孫蔚如, Tan Yizhi覃異之, Tan Zheng譚政, Tang Liang 唐亮, Tang Shengzhi 唐生智,

Tao Zhiyue 陶峙岳, Teng Daiyuan 滕代遠, Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu], Wan Yi 萬毅, Wang Ping 王平, Wang

Shitai 王世泰, Wang Hongkun 王宏坤, Wang Bingzhang 王秉璋, Wang Shusheng 王樹聲, Wang Jian’an 王建

安, Wang Xinting 王新亭, Wang Zhen 王震, Wei Guoqing 韋國清, Xiao Jingguang 蕭勁光, Xiao Ke 蕭克, Xu

Guangda許光達, Xu Haidong徐海東, Xu Shiyou許世友, Yan Hongyan閻紅彥, Yang Chengwu楊成武, Yang

Dezhi楊得志, Yang Yong楊勇, Yang Zhicheng楊至成, Ye Fei葉飛, Yu Xuezhong于學忠, Zeng Zesheng曾

澤生, Zhan Caifang 詹才芳, Zhang Aiping 張愛萍, Zhang Dazhi 張達志, Zhang Guohua 張國華, Zhang

Yunyi張雲逸, Zhang Zongxun張宗遜, Zhao Erlu 趙爾陸, Zhao Shoushan趙壽山, Zheng Dongguo 鄭洞國,

Zhou Baozhong 周保中, Zhou Chunquan 周純全, and Zhou Shidi 周士第.

[In April 1962, Cai Tingkai 蔡廷鍇 (1892-1968, Guangdong) was promoted vice chairman.]

■ 1965–1975 Third National Defense Commission of the PRC (disanjie Zhonghua renmin gongheguo guofang weiyuanhui 第三屆中華人

民共和國國防委員會)—1 chairman, 13 vice chairmen, and 107 members

Chairman: Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 (1898-1969, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: Cai Tingkai 蔡廷鍇 (1892-1968, Guangdong), Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Cheng Qian 程

潛 (1882-1968, Hunan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Fu Zuoyi 傅作義 (1895-1974, Shanxi),


16

He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Si-

chuan), Luo Ruiqing羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan), Nie Rongzhen聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Xu Xiangqian

徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong), and Zhang Zhizhong 張治中

(1890-1969, Anhui).

Members: Chen Bojun陳伯鈞, Chen Mingren陳明仁, Chen Qihan陳奇涵, Chen Shaokuan陳紹寬, Chen Shiju陳

士榘, Chen Tie 陳鐵, Chen Xilian 陳錫聯, Chen Zaidao 陳再道, Cheng Zihua 程子華, Cui Tianmin 崔田民,

Deng Baoshan鄧寶珊, Deng Zhaoxiang鄧兆祥, Dong Qiwu董其武, Fang Qiang方強, Fu Qiutao傅秋濤, Fu

Zhong 傅鍾, Gao Shuxun 高樹勳, Guo Tianmin 郭天民, Han Xianchu 韓先楚, Hou Jingru 侯鏡如, Huang

Xinting 黃新廷, Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝, Kong Congzhou 孔從周, Lai Chuanzhu 賴傳珠, Li Chengfang 李

成芳, Li Da 李達, Li Jukui 李聚奎, Li Minghao 李明灝, Li Mingyang 李明揚, Li Shouxuan 李壽軒, Li Tao 李

濤, Li Tianyou李天佑, Li Xiannian李先念, Li Zuopeng李作鵬, Liao Hansheng廖漢生, Lin Weixian林維先,

Lin Zun林遵, Liu Fei劉斐, Liu Peishan劉培善, Liu Shanben劉善本, Liu Wenhui劉文輝, Liu Xingyuan劉興

元, Liu Yalou 劉亞樓, Liu Zhijian 劉志堅, Lu Han 盧漢, Lü Zhangcao 呂正操, Lu Zhonglin 鹿鍾麟, Ngapoi

Ngawang Jigme 阿沛˙阿旺晉美 [Apei Awang Jinmei], Pei Changhui 裴昌會, Peng Shaohui 彭紹輝, Qin Jiwei

秦基偉, Qiu Chuangcheng 邱創成, Qiu Huizuo 邱會作, Sampo Tséwang Rindzin 桑頗˙才旺仁增 [Sangpo

Caiwang Renzeng], Seypidin Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜 [Saifuding Aizezi], Song Renqiong 宋任窮, Song Shilun 宋時

輪, Su Yu粟裕, Su Zhenhua蘇振華, Sun Daguang孫大光, Sun Weiru孫蔚如, Sun Zhiyuan孫志遠, Tan Yizhi

覃異之, Tang Liang 唐亮, Tang Shengzhi 唐生智, Tao Zhiyue 陶峙嶽, Teng Daiyuan 滕代遠, Ulanhu 烏蘭夫

[Wulanfu], Wang Bingzhang王秉璋, Wang Enmao王恩茂, Wang Hongkun王宏坤, Wang Jian’an王建安, Wang

Ping王平, Wang Shitai王世泰, Wang Shusheng王樹聲, Wang Xinting王新亭, Wang Zhen王震, Wang Zheng

王諍, Wei Guoqing 韋國清, Wu Faxian 吳法憲, Wu Kehua 吳克華, Xiao Hua 蕭華, Xiao Jingguang 蕭勁光,

Xiao Ke 蕭克, Xiao Wangdong 蕭望東, Xie Fuzhi 謝富治, Xu Guangda 許光達, Xu Haidong 徐海東, Xu

Shiyou許世友, Yan Hongyan閻紅彥, Yang Chengwu楊成武, Yang Dezhi楊得志, Yang Yong楊勇, Yang Zhi-

cheng楊至成, Ye Fei葉飛, Zeng Zesheng曾澤生, Zhan Caifang詹才芳, Zhang Aiping張愛萍, Zhang Dazhi

張達志, Zhang Guohua 張國華, Zhang Yunyi 張雲逸, Zhang Zongxun 張宗遜, Zheng Dongguo 鄭洞國,

Zhao Erlu 趙爾陸, Zhao Shoushan 趙壽山, Zhou Chunquan 周純全, and Zhou Shidi 周士第.

[In October 1968, Liu Shaoqi was removed from office and expelled from the CCP.]

■ 1983–1988 Central Military Commission of the PRC (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhongyang junshi weiyuanhui 中華人民共和國中央

軍事委員會)—1 chairman, 4 vice chairmen, and 4 members

Chairman: Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan)

Vice Chairmen: Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Yang

Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan), and Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong).

Members: Hong Xuezhi 洪學智 (1913-2006, Anhui), Yang Dezhi 楊得志 (1911-1994, Hunan), Yu Qiuli 余秋里

(1914-1999, Jiangxi), and Zhang Aiping 張愛萍 (1910-2003, Sichuan).

■ 1988–1993 Central Military Commission of the PRC—1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, and 5 members

Chairman: Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan)

Vice Chairmen: Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan) and Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan).

Members: Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Hong Xuezhi 洪學智 (1913-2006, Anhui), Liu Huaqing 劉華

清 (1916-2011, Hubei), Qin Jiwei 秦基偉 (1914-1997, Hubei), Yang Baibing 楊白冰 (1920-2013, Chongqing),

and Zhao Nanqi 趙南起 (b. 1927, Jilin).

[In June 1989, Zhao Ziyang was removed from office. In April 1990, Deng Xiaoping resigned and was succeeded as

chairman by Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu), Liu Huaqing became vice chairman and Hong Xuezhi’s

membership ended.]


Chairman: Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu)

Vice Chairmen: Liu Huaqing 劉華清 (1916-2011, Hubei) and Zhang Zhen 張震 (b. 1914, Hunan).

Members: Chi Haotian遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Fu Quanyou傅全有 (b. 1930, Shanxi), Yu Yongpo于永波 (b.

1931, Liaoning), and Zhang Wannian 張萬年 (b. 1928, Shandong).

[In December 1995, Chi Haotian and Zhang Wannian became vice chairmen, and Wang Ke 王克 (b. 1931, Anhui)

and Wang Ruilin 王瑞林 (b. 1930, Shandong) were admitted as members.]


17



Vice Chairmen: Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong) and Zhang Wannian 張萬年 (b. 1928, Shandong).

Members: Fu Quanyou 傅全有 (b. 1930, Shanxi), Wang Ke 王克 (b. 1931, Anhui), Wang Ruilin 王瑞林 (b. 1930,

Shandong), and Yu Yongpo 于永波 (b. 1931, Liaoning).

[In October 1999, Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu) became vice chairman. In November 1998, Cao Gangchuan

曹剛川 (b. 1935, Henan) was admitted as a member, in October 1999 Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942, Shaanxi)

and Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning).]



Vice Chairmen: Cao Gangchuan 曹剛川 (b. 1935, Henan), Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942, Shaanxi), and Hu Jintao

胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu).

Members: Li Ji’nai李繼耐 (b. 1942, Shandong), Liang Guanglie 梁光烈 (b. 1940, Sichuan), Liao Xilong 廖錫龍 (b.

1940, Guizhou), and Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning).

[In March 2005, Hu Jintao took over as chairman after Jiang Zemin’s resignation, Xu Caihou became vice chairman,

and four new members were admitted: Chen Bingde陳炳德 (b. 1941, Jiangsu), Jiao Qingchen喬清晨 (b. 1939,

Henan), Jing Zhiyuan 靖志遠 (b. 1944, Shandong), and Zhang Dingfa 張定發 (b. 1943, Shanghai).]


Chairman: Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu)

Vice Chairmen: Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942, Shaanxi) and Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning).

Members: Chang Wanquan 常萬全 (b. 1949, Henan), Chen Bingde 陳炳德 (b. 1941, Jiangsu), Jing Zhiyuan 靖志遠

(b. 1944, Shandong), Li Ji’nai 李繼耐 (b. 1942, Shandong), Liang Guanglie 梁光烈 (b. 1940, Sichuan), Liao Xi-

long 廖錫龍 (b. 1940, Guizhou), Wu Shengli 吳勝利 (b. 1945, Hebei), and Xu Qiliang 許其亮 (b. 1950, Shan-

dong).

[In October 2010, Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi) was appointed vice chairman.]

■ 2013— Central Military Commission of the PRC—1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, and 8 members

Chairman: Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi)

Vice Chairmen: Fan Changlong 范長龍 (b. 1947, Liaoning), Xu Qiliang 許其亮 (b. 1950, Shandong).

Members: Chang Wanquan 常萬全 (b. 1949, Henan), Fang Fenghui 房峰輝 (b. 1951, Shaanxi), Zhang Yang 張陽

(b. 1951, Hebei), Zhao Keshi 趙克石 (b. 1947, Hebei), Zhang Youxia 張又俠 (b. 1950, Shaanxi), Wu Shengli

吳勝利 (b. 1945, Hebei), Ma Xiaotian 馬曉天 (b. 1949, Henan), and Wei Fenghe 魏鳳和 (b. 1954, Shandong).

☞ Commanders of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison Position’s name in Chinese: jiefangjun zhu Xianggang budui silingyuan 解放軍駐香港部隊司令員


1997–1999 Liu Zhenwu 劉鎮武 b. 1945 Hunan

1999–2003 Xiong Ziren 熊自仁 b. 1943 Hubei

2003–2008 Wang Jitang 王繼堂 b. 1946 Shanxi

2008–2012 Zhang Shibo 張仕波 b. 1952 Zhejiang

2012–2014 Wang Xiaojun 王曉軍 b. 1952 Hebei

2014— Tan Benhong 譚本宏 b. 1957 Hunan

☞ Political commissars of the PLA Hong Kong Garrison Position’s name in Chinese: jiefangjun zhu Xianggang budui zhengzhi weiyuan 解放軍駐香港部隊政治委員, abbrev.

zhu Gang budui zhengwei 駐港部隊政委


1997–1999 Xiong Ziren 熊自仁 b. 1943 Hubei

1999–2004 Wang Yufa 王玉發 b. 1948 Henan

2004–2005 Liu Liangkai 劉良凱 b. 1949 Hunan


18

2005–2007 Zhang Rucheng 張汝成 b. 1947 Guangdong

2007–2010 Liu Liangkai (second time)

2010–2012 Wang Zengbo 王增缽 b. 1950 Hebei

2012— Yue Shixin 岳世鑫 b. 1952 Hubei

Chiefs of the PLA General Staff Department Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo renmin jiefangjun zongcan moubu 中國人民解放軍總參謀部


1949–1950 Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 1901-1990 Shanxi

1950–1954 Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 1899-1992 Sichuan

1954–1958 Su Yu 粟裕 1907-1984 Hunan

1958–1959 Huang Kecheng 黃克誠 1902-1986 Hunan

1959–1965 Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 1906-1978 Sichuan

1965–1966 Yang Chengwu 楊成武 1914-2004 Fujian

1968–1971 Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝 1910-1983 Hubei


1980–1987 Yang Dezhi 楊得志 1911-1994 Hunan

1987–1992 Chi Haotian 遲浩田 b. 1929 Shandong

1992–1995 Zhang Wannian 張萬年 b. 1928 Shandong

1995–2002 Fu Quanyou 傅全有 b. 1930 Shanxi

2002–2007 Liang Guanglie 梁光烈 b. 1940 Sichuan

2007–2012 Chen Bingde 陳炳德 b. 1941 Jiangsu

2012— Fang Fenghui 房峰輝 b. 1951 Shaanxi

Note: The General Staff Department of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is under the leadership of the CMC.

Ministers of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) Agency’s name in Chinese: gong’anbu 公安部



1959–1972 Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 1909-1972 Hubei

1972–1973 Li Zhen 李震 1914-1973 Hebei


1977–1983 Zhao Cangbi 趙蒼壁 1916-1993 Shaanxi

1983–1985 Liu Fuzhi 劉復之 1917-2013 Guangdong

1985–1987 Ruan Chongwu 阮崇武 b. 1933 Hebei

1987–1990 Wang Fang 王芳 b. 1920 Shandong

1990–1998 Tao Siju 陶駟駒 b. 1935 Jiangsu

1998–2002 Jia Chunwang 賈春旺 b. 1938 Beijing

2002–2007 Zhou Yongkang 周永康 b. 1942 Jiangsu

2007–2012 Meng Jianzhu 孟建柱 b. 1947 Jiangsu

2012— Guo Shengkun 郭聲琨 b. 1954 Jiangxi

Ministers of the Ministry of State Security (MSS) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia anquanbu 國家安全部


1983–1985 Ling Yun 凌雲 b. 1917 Zhejiang


1998–2007 Xu Yongyue 許永躍 b. 1942 Henan

2007— Geng Huichang 耿惠昌 b. 1951 Hebei

Ministers of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) Agency’s name in Chinese: minzhengbu 民政部


1949–1960 Xie Juezai 謝覺哉 1884-1971 Hunan


19

1960–1966 Qian Ying 錢瑛 1903-1973 Hubei

1978–1982 Cheng Zihua 程子華 1905-1991 Shanxi

1982–1993 Cui Naifu 崔乃夫 b. 1928 Hebei

1993–2003 Doje Cering 多吉才讓 [Duoji Cairang] b. 1939 Tibet

2003–2010 Li Xueju 李學舉 b. 1945 Jilin

2010— Li Liguo 李立國 b. 1953 Hebei

Ministers of the Ministry of Justice (MOJ) Agency’s name in Chinese: sifabu 司法部


1949–1959 Shi Liang 史良 1900-1985 Jiangsu

1979–1982 Wei Wenbo 魏文伯 1905-1987 Hubei


1983–1988 Zou Yu 鄒瑜 b. 1920 Guangxi

1988–1993 Cai Cheng 蔡誠 b. 1927 Guangdong

1993–1998 Xiao Yang 肖揚 b. 1938 Guangdong

1998–2000 Gao Changli 高昌禮 b. 1937 Shandong

2000–2005 Zhang Fusen 張福森 b. 1940 Beijing

2005— Wu Aiying 吳愛英 b. 1951 Shandong

Ministers of the Ministry of Commerce (MofCom) Agency’s name in Chinese: shangwubu 商務部


1949–1967 Ye Jizhuang 葉季壯 1893-1967 Guangdong

1965–1970 @ Lin Haiyun 林海雲 1911-2007 Fujian

1979–1982 Gu Mu 谷牧 1914-2009 Shandong

1982–1985 Chen Muhua 陳慕華 1921-2011 Zhejiang

1985–1990 Zheng Tuobin 鄭拓彬 b. 1924 Shaanxi

1990–1993 Li Lanqing 李嵐清 b. 1932 Jiangsu

1993–1998 Wu Yi 吳儀 b. 1938 Hubei

1998–2003 Shi Guangsheng 石廣生 b. 1939 Hebei

2003–2004 Lü Fuyuan 呂福源 b. 1945 Heilongjiang

2004–2007 Bo Xilai 薄熙來 b. 1949 Shanxi

2007–2013 Chen Deming 陳德銘 b. 1949 Shanghai

2013— Gao Hucheng 高虎城 b. 1951 Shanxi

Note: The agency responsible for foreign trade in the PRC was reorganized and renamed several times—11/1949:

Ministry of Trade (maoyibu 貿易部); 8/1952: Ministry of Foreign Trade (duiwai maoyibu 對外貿易部) and Ministry of

Commerce (shangyebu 商業部); 8/1970: Ministry of Foreign Economic Liaison (duiwai jingji lianluobu 對外經濟聯絡

部); 8/1979: State Import and Export Regulation Commission (guojia jinchukou guanli weiyuanhui 國家進出口管理委

員會) and State Foreign Investment Regulation Commission (waiguo touzi guanli weiyuanhui 外國投資管理委員會);

3/1982: Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade (duiwai jingji maoyibu對外經濟貿易部); 3/1993: Ministry

of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (duiwai maoyi jingji hezuobu 對外貿易經濟合作部, abbrev. MOFTEC);

3/2003: Ministry of Commerce (shangwubu商務部). There is no Ministry of Economic Affairs in the PRC (as there is

no Ministry of Interior either).

Ministers of the Ministry of Finance (MOF) Agency’s name in Chinese: caizhengbu 財政部


1949–1953 Bo Yibo 薄一波 1908-2007 Shanxi



1975–1979 Zhang Jinfu 張勁夫 b. 1914 Anhui

1979–1980 Wu Bo 吳波 1906-2005 Anhui

1980–1992 Wang Bingqian 王丙乾 b. 1925 Hebei


20

1992–1998 Liu Zhongli 劉仲藜 b. 1934 Zhejiang

1998–2003 Xiang Huaicheng 項懷誠 b. 1939 Jiangsu

2003–2007 Jin Renqing 金人慶 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2007–2013 Xie Xuren 謝旭人 b. 1947 Zhejiang

2013— Lou Jiwei 樓繼偉 b. 1950 Zhejiang

Ministers of the Ministry of Education (MOE) Agency’s name in Chinese: jiaoyubu 教育部


1949–1952 Ma Xulun 馬敘倫 1885-1970 Zhejiang

1952–1958 Zhang Xiruo 張奚若 1889-1973 Shaanxi

1958–1964 Yang Xiufeng 楊秀峰 1897-1983 Hebei

1964 @ Liu Jiping 劉季平 1908-1987 Jiangsu

1964–1966 He Wei 何偉 1910-1973 Henan

1975–1976 Zhou Rongxin 周榮鑫 1917-1976 Shandong

1977–1979 Liu Xiyao 劉西堯 b. 1916 Hunan

1979–1982 Jiang Nanxiang 蔣南翔 1913-1988 Jiangsu

1982–1985 He Dongchang 何東昌 b. 1923 Zhejiang


1988–1993 Li Tieying 李鐵映 b. 1936 Hunan

1993–1998 Zhu Kaixuan 朱開軒 b. 1932 Shanghai

1998–2003 Chen Zhili 陳至立 b. 1942 Fujian

2003–2009 Zhou Ji 周濟 b. 1946 Shanghai

2009— Yuan Guiren 袁貴仁 b. 1950 Anhui

Before the agency was upgraded to the status of ministry in 1998, it was called State Education Commission (guojia

jiaoyu weiyuanhui 國家教育委員會).

☞ Heads of the State Language Commission Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia yuyan wenzi gongzuo weiyuanhui 國家語言文字工作委員會, abbrev. guojia yuwei 國

家語委; —zhuren 主任


1986–1988 Liu Daosheng 劉導生 b. 1913 Jiangsu

1988–1989 Chen Yuan 陳原 1918-2004 Guangdong

1989–1994 Liu Bin 柳斌 b. 1937 Jiangxi

1994–2000 Xu Jialu 許嘉璐 b. 1937 Jiangsu

2001–2005 Yuan Guiren 袁貴仁 b. 1950 Anhui

2005–2009 Zhao Qinping 趙沁平 b. 1948 Shanxi

2009–2010 Hao Ping 郝平 b. 1959 Shandong

2010— Li Weihong 李衛紅 b. 1955 Hebei

Ministers of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) Agency’s name in Chinese: kexue jishubu 科學技術部, abbrev. kejibu 科技部


1958–1970 Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 1899-1992 Sichuan

1977–1984 Fang Yi 方毅 1916-1997 Fujian

1984–1998 Song Jian 宋健 b. 1931 Shandong

1998–2001 Zhu Lilan 朱麗蘭 b. 1935 Zhejiang

2001–2007 Xu Guanhua 徐冠華 b. 1941 Shanghai

2007— Wan Gang 萬鋼 b. 1952 Shanghai

Before the agency was upgraded to the status of ministry in 1998, it was called State Science and Technology

Commission (guojia kexue jishu weiyuanhui 國家科學技術委員會). It was abolished between 1970 and 1977.

Ministers of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) Agency’s name in Chinese: gongye han xinxihuabu 工業和信息化部, abbrev. gongxinbu 工信部


21


1998–2003 Wu Jichuan 吳基傳 b. 1937 Hunan

2003–2008 Wang Xudong 王旭東 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2008–2010 Li Yizhong 李毅中 b. 1945 Shanxi

2010— Miao Wei 苗圩 b. 1955 Beijing

Before March 2008, the MIIT was called Ministry of Information Industry (xinxi chanyebu信息産業部, abbrev. MII).

Quite a few Chinese websites mistakenly call the MIIT gongye han zixunhuabu 工業和資訊化部 in Chinese.

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National

Defence (SASTIND) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia guofang keji gongyeju 國家國防科技工業局, abbrev. guofang kegongju 國防科工局;

—juzhang 局長


1982–1985 Chen Bin 陳彬 1919-1998 Sichuan

1985–1996 Ding Henggao 丁衡高 b. 1931 Jiangsu


1998–2003 Liu Jibin 劉積斌 1938-2010 Shandong

2003–2007 Zhang Yunchuan 張雲川 b. 1946 Zhejiang

2007–2008 Zhang Qingwei 張慶偉 b. 1961 Hebei

2008–2013 Chen Qiufa 陳求發 b. 1954 Hunan

2013–2014 Ma Xingrui 馬興瑞 b. 1959 Shandong

2014— Xu Dazhe 許達哲 b. 1956 Hunan

Before it was merged into MIIT and renamed in 2008, the agency was called Commission for Science, Technology

and Industry for National Defense (guojia guofang keji gongye weiyuanhui 國家國防科技工業委員會, abbrev. guofang

kegongwei 國防科工委 in Chinese and COSTIND in English).

☞ Heads of the China National Space Administration (CNSA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia hangtianju 國家航天局; —juzhang 局長


1993–1998 Liu Jiyuan 劉紀原 b. 1933 Shanxi

1998–2004 Luan Enjie 欒恩杰 b. 1940 Jilin

2004–2010 Sun Laiyan 孫來燕 b. 1957 Beijing




☞ Heads of the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)

Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia yuanzineng jigou 國家原子能機構; —zhuren 主任


1998–2005 Zhang Huazhu 張華祝 b. 1945 Jiangsu

2005–2008 Sun Qin 孫勤 b. 1953 Zhejiang




☞ Heads of the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration (STMA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia yancao zhuanmaiju 國家煙草專賣局, abbrev. yancaoju 煙草局; —juzhang 局長


1982–1986 Li Yisan 李益三 1920-2009 Jiangsu

1986–1996 Jiang Ming 江明 1931-1987 Shanxi

1996–2002 Ni Yijin 倪益瑾 b. 1939 Jiangsu

2002— Jiang Chengkang 姜成康 b. 1950 Fujian

Note: The agency includes the China National Tobacco Corporation (Zhongguo yancao zong gongsi 中國煙草總公司),


22

aka China Tobacco.

Ministers of the Ministry of Supervision (MOS) Agency’s name in Chinese: jianchabu 監察部


1949–1954 Tan Pingshan 譚平山 1886-1956 Guangdong


1987–1993 Wei Jianxing 尉健行 b. 1931 Zhejiang

1993–1998 Cao Qingze 曹慶澤 b. 1932 Hunan

1998–2003 He Yong 何勇 b. 1940 Hebei

2003–2007 Li Zhilun 李至倫 b. 1942 Liaoning

2007–2013 Ma Wen 馬馼 b. 1948 Hebei

2013— Huang Shuxian 黃樹賢 b. 1954 Jiangsu

Tan Pingshan 譚平山 was director of the Supervision Commission (renmin jiancha weiyuanhui zhuren 人民監察委員

會主任); the agency was abolished between 1959 and 1987.

Ministers of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) Agency’s name in Chinese: renli ziyuan han shehui baozhangbu 人力資源和社會保障部, abbrev. renshebu 人社部


1950–1954 An Ziwen 安子文 1909-1980 Shaanxi

1988–1993 Zhao Dongwan 趙東宛 b. 1926 Henan

1993–2000 Song Defu 宋德福 1946-2007 Hebei

2000–2002 Zhang Xuezhong 張學忠 b. 1943 Gansu

2003–2007 Zhang Bolin 張柏林 b. 1942 Liaoning

2007— Yin Weimin 尹蔚民 b. 1953 Hebei

After the session of the National People’s Congress in March 2008, several agencies under the State Council were

restructured. The Ministry of Personnel (renshibu 人事部, abbrev. MOP) was merged with the Ministry of Labor and

Social Security (laodong han shehui baozhangbu 勞動和社會保障部, abbrev. MOLSS) and renamed MOHRSS.

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Civil Service (SCS) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia gongwuyuanju 國家公務員局; —juzhang 局長


2008— Yin Weimin 尹蔚民 b. 1953 Hebei

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia waiguo zhuanjiaju 國家外國專家局, abbrev. (guojia) waizhuanju（國家）外專局;

—juzhang 局長


1997–2006 Wan Xueyuan 萬學遠 b. 1941 Hubei

2006–2011 Ji Yunshi 季允石 b. 1945 Jiangsu

2011— Zhang Jianguo 張建國 b. 1957 Liaoning

Ministers of the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) Agency’s name in Chinese: guotu ziyuanbu 國土資源部



1999–2003 Tian Fengshan 田鳳山 b. 1941 Shandong

2003–2007 Sun Wensheng 孫文盛 b. 1942 Shandong

2007–2013 Xu Shaoshi 徐紹史 b. 1951 Zhejiang

2013— Jiang Daming 姜大明 b. 1953 Shandong

☞ Heads of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation

(NASMG) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia cehui dili xinxiju國家測繪地理信息局, abbrev. cehuiju測繪局; —juzhang局長


23


1985–1994 Chen Junyong 陳俊勇 b. 1933 Zhejiang

1994–2000 Jin Xiangwen 金祥文 b. 1939 Shanghai

2000–2005 Chen Bangzhu 陳邦柱 b. 1945 Shaanxi

2005–2008 Lu Xinshe 鹿心社 b. 1956 Shandong

2008–2014 Xu Deming 徐德明 b. 1953 Liaoning

2014— Kuresh Mahsut 庫熱西˙買合蘇提 b. 1960 Xinjiang

Before May 23, 2011, the agency’s name was State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (guojia cehuiju 國家測繪局,

abbrev. SBSM)

☞ Heads of the State Oceanic Administration (SOA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia haiyangju 國家海洋局; —juzhang 局長


1964–1968 † Ji Yong 齊勇 1915-1968 Anhui

1977–1982 Shen Zhendong 沈振東 1917-1992 Hubei

1982–1985 Luo Yuru 羅鈺如 1915-1999 Shanxi

1985–1995 Yan Hongmo 嚴宏謨 b. 1932 Hubei

1995–2000 Zhang Dengyi 張登義 b. 1939 Hebei

2000–2005 Wang Shuguang 王曙光 b. 1945 Shandong

2005–2011 Sun Zhihui 孫志輝 b. 1949 Shandong

2011— Liu Cigui 劉賜貴 b. 1955 Fujian

Ministers of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) Agency’s name in Chinese: zhufang han chengxiang jianshebu 住房和城鄉建設部, abbrev. zhujianbu 住建部


1988–1991 Lin Hanxiong 林漢雄 b. 1929 Hubei

1991–1998 Hou Jie 侯捷 1931-2000 Hebei

1998–2001 Yu Zhengsheng 俞正聲 b. 1945 Zhejiang

2001–2008 Wang Guangtao 汪光燾 b. 1943 Anhui

2008— Jiang Weixin 姜偉新 b. 1949 Heilongjiang

Before March 2008, the MOHURD was called Ministry of Construction (jianshebu 建設部).

Ministers of the Ministry of Transport (MOT) Agency’s name in Chinese: jiaotong yunshubu 交通運輸部


1954–1958 Zhang Bojun 章伯鈞 1895-1969 Anhui

1958–1964 Wang Shoudao 王首道 1906-1996 Hunan

1964–1975 Sun Daguang 孫大光 1917-2005 Anhui

1975–1979 Ye Fei 葉飛 1914-1999 Fujian

1979–1981 Zeng Sheng 曾生 1910-1995 Guangdong

1981–1982 Peng Deqing 彭德清 1911-1999 Fujian

1982–1984 Li Qing 李清 b. 1920 Tianjin

1984–1991 Qian Yongchang 錢永昌 b. 1933 Shanghai

1991–2002 Huang Zhendong 黃鎮東 b. 1941 Jiangsu

2002–2005 Zhang Chunxian 張春賢 b. 1953 Henan

2005–2012 Li Shenglin 李盛霖 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2012— Yang Chuantang 楊傳堂 b. 1954 Shandong

Before March 2008, the MOT was called Ministry of Communications (jiaotongbu 交通部, abbrev. MOC).

☞ Heads of the State Railways Administration Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia tieluju 國家鐵路局; —juzhang 局長


1948–1965 Teng Daiyuan 滕代遠 1904-1974 Hunan

1965–1970 Lü Zhengcao 呂正操 1905-2009 Liaoning


24

1975–1976 Wan Li 萬里 b. 1916 Shandong

1976–1978 Duan Junyi 段君毅 1910-2004 Shandong

1978–1981 Guo Weicheng 郭維城 1912-1995 Liaoning

1981–1982 Liu Jianzhang 劉建章 1910-2008 Hebei

1982–1985 Chen Puru 陳璞如 1918-1998 Shandong

1985–1988 Ding Guan’gen 丁關根 1929-2012 Jiangsu

1988–1992 Li Senmao 李森茂 1929-1996 Tianjin

1992–1998 Han Zhubin 韓杼濱 b. 1932 Heilongjiang

1998–2003 Fu Zhihuan 傅志寰 b. 1938 Heilongjiang

2003–2011 Liu Zhijun 劉志軍 b. 1953 Hubei

2011–2013 Sheng Guangzu 盛光祖 b. 1949 Jiangsu

2013— Lu Dongfu 陸東福 b. 1955 Jiangsu

Before it was downgraded and incorporated into the MOT in 2013, the agency was known as Ministry of Railways

(tiedaobu 鐵道部, abbrev. MOR).

☞ Heads of the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo minyong hangkongju 中國民用航空局, abbrev. minhang zongju 民航總局 or

minhangju 民航局; —juzhang 局長


1949–1952 Zhong Chibing 鍾赤兵 1914-1975 Hunan

1952–1955 Zhu Huizhao 朱輝照 1912-1964 Jiangxi

1955–1973 Kuang Rennong 鄺任農 1910-2003 Jiangxi

1973–1975 Ma Renhui 馬仁輝 1914-1979 Fujian

1975–1977 Liu Cunxin 劉存信 b. 1926 Shandong

1977–1985 Shen Tu 沈圖 1917-1993 Zhejiang

1985–1991 Hu Yizhou 胡逸洲 b. 1928 Shanghai

1991–1993 Jiang Zhuping 蔣祝平 b. 1937 Jiangsu

1993–1998 Chen Guangyi 陳光毅 b. 1933 Fujian

1998–2002 Liu Jianfeng 劉劍鋒 b. 1936 Hebei

2002–2007 Yang Yuanyuan 楊元元 b. 1950 Shaanxi

2007— Li Jiaxiang 李家祥 b. 1949 Shandong

CAAC was initially managed by the PLA Air Force but later transferred to the direct control of the State Council.

Before 1987 the agency managed the PRC’s only national carrier, Zhongguo minhang 中國民航 (English name and

abbreviation as in the agency). In March 2008 its Chinese name was changed from Zhongguo minyong hangkong zongju中

國民用航空總局 to its current form.

☞ Heads of the State Post Bureau Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia youzhengju 國家郵政局; —juzhang 局長


1998–2003 Liu Liqing 劉立清 b. 1940 N/A

2003–2006 Liu Andong 劉安東 b. 1946 Liaoning

2006— Ma Junsheng 馬軍勝 b. 1961 Shandong The State Post Bureau is an agency under the PRC Ministry of Transport (MOT).

Ministers of the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) Agency’s name in Chinese: shuilibu 水利部


1949–1958 Fu Zuoyi 傅作義 1895-1974 Shanxi

1979–1982 Qian Zhengying 錢正英 b. 1923 Shanghai/Zhejiang

1988–1993 Yang Zhenhuai 楊振懷 b. 1928 Anhui

1993–1998 Niu Maosheng 鈕茂生 b. 1939 Beijing

1998–2007 Wang Shucheng 汪恕誠 b. 1941 Jiangsu

2007— Chen Lei 陳雷 b. 1954 Beijing

In 1958, the MWR was merged with the Ministry of Power Industries (dianli gongyebu 電力工業部), both were


25

re-instated as separate ministries in 1979, merged again in 1982, and MWR was re-instated once more in 1988.

Ministers of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Agency’s name in Chinese: nongyebu 農業部


1949–1954 Li Shucheng 李書誠 1882-1965 Hubei

1954–1970 Liao Luxin 廖魯言 1913-1972 Jiangsu

1970–1978 Sha Feng 沙風 b. 1918 Zhejiang

1978–1979 Yang Ligong 楊立功 1919-2010 Shandong

1979–1981 Huo Shilian 霍士廉 1909-1996 Shanxi

1981–1983 Lin Hujia 林乎加 b. 1916 Shandong

1983–1990 He Kang 何康 b. 1923 Fujian

1990–1993 Liu Zhongyi 劉中一 b. 1930 Hubei

1993–1998 Liu Jiang 劉江 b. 1940 Beijing

1998–2001 Chen Yaobang 陳耀邦 b. 1935 Guangdong

2001–2006 Du Qinglin 杜青林 b. 1946 Jilin

2006–2009 Sun Zhengcai 孫政才 b. 1963 Shandong

2009— Han Changfu 韓長賦 b. 1954 Heilongjiang

The name of the MOA was changed twice. Between May 1982 and April 1988 it was called Ministry of Agriculture,

Animal Industries and Fisheries (nongmuyuyebu 農牧漁業部); between June 1977 and February 1979 Ministry of

Agriculture and Forestry (nonglinbu 農林部).

Ministers of the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) Agency’s name in Chinese: huanjing baohubu 環境保護部


1987–1993 Qu Geping 曲格平 b. 1930 Shandong

1993–2005 Jie Zhenhua 解振華 b. 1949 Tianjin

2005— Zhou Shengxian 周生賢 b. 1949 Ningxia

Before the agency was upgraded to the status of ministry in March 2008, it was called State Environmental

Protection Administration (guojia huanjing baohu zongju 國家環境保護總局, abbrev. SEPA).

☞ Heads of the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia he anquanju 國家核安全局; —juzhang 局長


1984–1988 Jiang Shengjie 姜聖階 1915-1992 Heilongjiang

1988–1993 Zhou Ping 周平 b. 1931 Liaoning

1993–2004 Zhao Chengkun 趙成昆 N/A N/A

2004–2007 Wang Yuqing 王玉慶 b. 1945 Hebei

2007— Li Ganjie 李干杰 b. 1964 Hunan

Ministers of the Ministry of Culture (CCNT) Agency’s name in Chinese: wenhuabu 文化部


1949–1965 Mao Dun 茅盾/Shen Yanbing 沈雁冰 1896-1981 Zhejiang

1965–1966 Lu Dingyi 陸定一 1906-1996 Jiangsu

1966–1967 Xiao Wangdong 肖望東 1910-1989 Jiangxi

1970–1975 Wu De 吳德 1913-1995 Hebei

1975–1976 Yu Huiyong 于會泳 1925-1977 Shandong

1977–1980 Huang Zhen 黃鎮 1909-1989 Anhui

1980–1982 @ Zhou Weichi 周巍峙 b. 1916 Jiangsu

1982–1986 Zhu Muzhi 朱穆之 b. 1916 Jiangsu

1986–1989 Wang Meng 王蒙 b. 1934 Beijing

1989–1992 @ He Jingzhi 賀敬之 b. 1924 Shandong

1992–1998 Liu Zhongde 劉忠德 b. 1933 Jilin


26

1998–2008 Sun Jiazheng 孫家正 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2008— Cai Wu 蔡武 b. 1949 Gansu

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia wenwuju 國家文物局; —juzhang 局長


2002–2012 Shan Jixiang 單霽翔 b. 1954 Beijing/Jiangsu

2012— Li Xiaojie 勵小捷 b. 1955 Zhejiang

Heads of the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia shipin yaopin jiandu guanli zongju 國家食品藥品監督管理總局, abbrev. shipin

yaopin jianguan zongju 食品藥品監管總局; —juzhang 局長


1994–2006 Zheng Xiaoyu 鄭筱萸 1944-2007 Fujian

2006–2012 Shao Mingli 邵明立 b. 1951 Shandong

2012–2013 Yin Li 尹力 b. 1962 Shandong

2013— Zhang Yong 張勇 b. 1953 Beijing

Note: Zheng Xiaoyu was sentenced to death and executed for accepting bribes and dereliction of duty.

Before its upgrade in 2013, the agency was named State Food and Drug Administration (guojia shipin yaopin jiandu

guanliju 國家食品藥品監督管理局, abbrev. shipin yaojianju 食品藥監局 in Chinese and SFDA in English) and sub-

ordinate under the MEP.

Heads of the State Council’s Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office (HMO) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan gang’ao shiwu bangongshi 國務院港澳事務辦公室, abbrev. (guowuyuan) gang’ao

ban（國務院）港澳辦; —zhuren 主任


1978–1983 † Liao Chengzhi 廖承志 1908-1983 Guangdong


1990–1997 Lu Ping 魯平 b. 1927 Sichuan

1997–2010 Liao Hui 廖暉 b. 1942 Hong Kong/Guangdong

2010— Wang Guangya 王光亞 b. 1950 Jiangsu

Heads of the State Council’s Taiwan Affairs Office (TAO) ☭ Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan Taiwan shiwu bangongshi 國務院台灣事務辦公室, abbrev. guowuyuan Tai ban

國務院台辦/guo Tai ban 國台辦; —zhuren 主任



1990–1996 Wang Zhaoguo 王兆國 b. 1941 Hebei

1996–2008 Chen Yunlin 陳雲林 b. 1941 Liaoning

2008–2013 Wang Yi 王毅 b. 1953 Beijing

2013— Zhang Zhijun 張志軍 b. 1953 Jiangsu

Please note that TAO is identical with the Central Taiwan Work Office (Zhonggong zhongyang Taiwan gongzuo bangongshi

中共中央台灣工作辦公室) under the CCP Central Committee.

Heads of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council (GQB) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan qiaowu bangongshi 國務院僑務辦公室, abbrev. guowuyuan qiaoban 國務院僑

辦/guoqiaoban 國僑辦/qiaoban 僑辦; —zhuren 主任


1978–1984 Liao Chengzhi 廖承志 1908-1983 Guangdong

1984–1997 Liao Hui 廖暉 b. 1942 Guangdong

1997–2003 Guo Dongpo 郭東坡 b. 1945 Jiangsu

2003–2007 Chen Yujie 陳玉傑 b. 1941 Jilin

2007–2013 Li Haifeng 李海峰 b. 1949 Hebei

2013— Qiu Yuanping 裘援平 b. 1953 Zhejiang


27

Heads of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission (SEAC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia minzu shiwu weiyuanhui 國家民族事務委員會, abbrev. guojia minwei 國家民委;

—zhuren 主任



1954–1975 Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] 1906-1988 Inner Mongolia

1978–1986 Yang Jingren 楊靜仁 1918-2001 Gansu

1986–1998 Ismail Amat 司馬義˙艾買提 [Simayi Aimaiti] b. 1935 Xinjiang

1998–2008 Li Dezhu 李德洙 b. 1943 Jilin

2008–2013 Yang Jing 楊晶 b. 1953 Inner Mongolia

2013— Wang Zhengwei 王正偉 b. 1957 Ningxia

Heads of the State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia zongjiao shiwuju 國家宗教事務局, abbrev. (guojia) zongjiaoju（國家）宗教局;

—juzhang 局長


1954–1961 He Chengxiang 何成湘 1900-1967 Sichuan

1961–1981 † Xiao Xianfa 肖賢法 1914-1981 Jiangxi

1982–1983 Qiao Liansheng 喬連升 1917-1984 Henan

1992–1995 Zhang Shengzuo 張聲作 b. 1932 Hubei

1995–2009 Ye Xiaowen 葉小文 b. 1950 Guizhou

2009— Wang Zuoan 王作安 b. 1958 Jiangsu

SARA, established in 1954 as Religious Affairs Administration of the State Council (guowuyuan zongjiao shiwuju國務院

宗教事務局), was abolished between 1975 and 1979. The agency was renamed to SARA in 1998.

Heads of the Government Offices Administration of the State Council (GGJ) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia jiguan shiwu guanliju 國家機關事務管理局 , abbrev. guoguanju 國管局 ;

—juzhang 局長


1950–1953 Yu Xinqing 余心清 1898-1966 Anhui

1953–1954 Fang Zhongru 方仲如 1901-1983 Shaanxi

1954–1956 Liu Yongru 劉墉如 1905-1972 Shanxi

1956–1973 Gao Dengbang 高登榜 1914-1997 Shaanxi

1973–1980 Li Mengfu 李夢夫 1920-1999 Shandong

1980–1983 † Yuan Jinxiu 袁晉修 1916-1983 Hebei

1983–1990 Chang Jie 常捷 b. 1929 Liaoning

1990–1997 Guo Ji 郭濟 b. 1935 Shanxi

1997— Jiao Huancheng 焦煥成 b. 1949 Shanxi

The agency was founded under the Chinese name zhongyang renmin zhengfu zhengwuyuan jiguan shiwu guanliju 中央人民

政府政務院機關事務管理局, renamed to zhongyang renmin zhengfu jiguan shiwu guanliju 中央人民政府機關事務管

理局 in 1953 and to guowuyuan jiguan shiwu guanliju 國務院機關事務管理局 in 1954, the current name was adopted

in March 2013. Please note that Fang Zhongru 方仲如 didn’t actually take office, Yu Xinqing 余心清 filled in for

him instead.

Heads of the Counsellor’s Office of the State Council (SCCO) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan canshishi 國務院參事室; —zhuren 主任 Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1949–1950 † Guo Chuntao 郭春濤 1898-1950 Hunan

1950–1952 Liao Luyan 廖魯言 1913-1972 Jiangsu

1952–1954 Sun Zhiyuan 孫志遠 1911-1966 Hebei

1954–1959 Tao Xijin 陶希晉 1908-1992 Jiangsu

1959–1967 † Zeng Yifan 曾一凡 1907-1967 Sichuan

1977–1982 Liu Yi 劉毅 1910-1990 Hebei


28

1983–1985 Zheng Siyuan 鄭思遠 b. 1914 Shanxi

1985–1990 Wu Qingtong 吳慶彤 b. 1924 Hebei

1990–1996 Chang Jie 常捷 b. 1929 Liaoning

1996–2003 Xu Zhijian 徐志堅 b. 1935 Anhui

2003–2008 Cui Zhanfu 崔占福 b. 1942 Hebei

2008— Chen Jinyu 陳進玉 b. 1946 Zhejiang

Heads of the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council (LAO) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan fazhi bangongshi國務院法制辦公室, abbrev. fazhiban法制辦; —zhuren主

任. PRC state media sometimes use “LAOSC” as English abbreviation


1998–2002 Yang Jingyu 楊景宇 b. 1936 Henan

2002–2010 Cao Kangtai 曹康泰 b. 1944 Shaanxi

2010— Song Dahan 宋大涵 b. 1952 Jilin

Heads of the National Audit Office (NAO) Agency’s name in Chinese: shenjishu 審計署; —shenjizhang 審計長


1983–1985 Yu Mingtao 于明濤 b. 1918 Hebei

1985–1994 Lü Peijian 呂培儉 b. 1928 Jiangsu

1994–1998 Guo Zhenqian 郭振乾 b. 1933 Henan

1998–2008 Li Jinhua 李金華 b. 1943 Jiangsu

2008— Liu Jiayi 劉家義 b. 1956 Chongqing

Heads of the National Bureau of Corruption Prevention (NBCP) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia yufang fubaiju 國家預防腐敗局; —juzhang 局長


2007–2013 Ma Wen 馬駇 b. 1948 Hebei

2013— Huang Shuxian 黃樹賢 b. 1954 Jiangsu

Heads of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia fazhan han gaige weiyuanhui 國家發展和改革委員會, abbrev. guojia fagaiwei 國家

發改委 or fazhan gaigewei 發展改革委; —zhuren 主任


1952–1954 Gao Gang 高崗 1905-1954 Shaanxi

1954–1975 Li Fuchun 李富春 1900-1975 Hunan

1975–1980 Yu Qiuli 余秋里 1914-1999 Jiangxi

1980–1983 Yao Yilin 姚依林 1917-1994 Anhui

1983–1987 Song Ping 宋平 b. 1917 Shandong

1987–1989 Yao Yilin (second time)

1989–1993 Zou Jiahua 鄒家華 b. 1926 Shanghai

1993–1998 Chen Jinhua 陳錦華 b. 1929 Anhui

1998–2003 Zeng Peiyan 曾培炎 b. 1938 Zhejiang


2008–2013 Zhang Ping 張平 b. 1946 Anhui

2013— Xu Shaoshi 徐紹史 b. 1951 Zhejiang

From 1952, the PRC central government agency in charge of planning was the State Planning Commission (guojia

jihua weiyuanhui 國家計劃委員會), renamed in 1998 to State Development Planning Commission (guojia fazhan jihua

weiyuanhui 國家發展計劃委員會) which in turn was succeeded by the NDRC in 2003.

☞ Heads of the National Energy Administration Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia nengyuanju 國家能源局; —juzhang 局長


2008–2011 Zhang Guobao 張國寶 b. 1944 Zhejiang


29

2011–2013 Liu Tienan 劉鐵男 b. 1954 Beijing

2013— Wu Xinxiong 吳新雄 b. 1949 Jiangsu

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Grain Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia liangshiju 國家糧食局; —juzhang 局長


2000–2012 Nie Zhenbang 聶振邦 b. 1951 Liaoning

2012— Ren Zhengxiao 任正曉 b. 1959 Hunan

Heads of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (SAIC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia gongshang xingzheng guanli zongju 國家工商行政管理總局, abbrev. (guojia) gong-

shang zongju（國家）工商總局; —juzhang 局長


1978–1983 Wei Jinfei 魏今非 1903-1983 Jiangsu

1983–1989 Ren Zhonglin 任仲林 N/A N/A

1989–1994 Liu Minxue 劉敏學 b. 1934 Hunan

1994–2006 Wang Zhongfu 王眾孚 b. 1941 Hunan

2006–2013 Zhou Bohua 周伯華 b. 1948 Hunan

2013— Zhang Mao 張茅 b. 1954 Shandong

Note: Before 2001, the Chinese name of the agency was guojia gongshangju 國家工商局.

Heads of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan guoyou zichan jiandu guanli weiyuanhui 國務院國有資産監督管理委員會,

abbrev. guowuyuan guoziwei 國務院國資委/guoziwei 國資委; —zhuren 主任


2003–2010 Li Rongrong 李榮融 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2010–2013 Wang Yong 王勇 b. 1955 Liaoning

2013 Jiang Jiemin 蔣潔敏 b. 1955 Shandong

2013— Zhang Yi 張毅 b. 1950 Heilongjiang

Heads of the State Administration of Taxation (SAT) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia shuiwu zongju 國家稅務總局, abbrev. guoshui zongju 國稅總局; —juzhang 局長


1949–1958 Li Yu’ang 李予昂 1901-1985 Shanxi

1961–1978 Ren Ziliang 任子良 1910-2006 Shanxi

1978–1984 Liu Zhicheng 劉志城 N/A N/A

1984–1995 Jin Xin 金鑫 b. 1925 Jiangsu


1998–2003 Jin Renqing 金人慶 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2003–2007 Xie Xuren 謝旭人 b. 1947 Zhejiang

2007–2013 Xiao Jie 肖捷 b. 1957 Liaoning

2013— Wang Jun 王軍 b. 1958 Henan

Heads of the General Administration of Customs (GAC) Agency’s name in Chinese: haiguan zongshu 海關總署; —shuzhang 署長


1949–1953 Kong Yuan 孔原 1906-1990 Jiangxi

1980–1985 Wang Runsheng 王潤生 N/A N/A

1985–1993 Dai Jie 戴傑 b. 1928 Liaoning

1993–2001 Qian Guanlin 錢冠林 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2001–2008 Mou Xinsheng 牟新生 b. 1943 Shaanxi

2008–2011 Sheng Guangzu 盛光祖 b. 1949 Jiangsu

2011— Yu Guangzhou 于廣洲 b. 1953 Jiangsu

Between 1953 and 1980, GAC was run as an agency under the PRC Ministry of Foreign Trade (duiwai maoyibu 對外


30

貿易部).

Governors of the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo renmin yinhang 中國人民銀行; —hangzhang 行長


1949–1954 Nan Hanchen 南漢宸 1895-1967 Shanxi

1954–1964 Cao Juru 曹菊如 1901-1981 Fujian

1964–1966 Hu Lijiao 胡立教 1914-2006 Jiangxi

1973–1978 Chen Xiyu 陳希愈 1911-2000 Shanxi

1978–1982 Li Baohua 李葆華 1909-2005 Hebei

1982–1985 Lü Peijian 呂培儉 b. 1928 Jiangsu


1988–1993 Li Guixian 李貴鮮 b. 1937 Liaoning

1993–1995 Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 b. 1928 Hunan

1995–2002 Dai Xianglong 戴相龍 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2002— Zhou Xiaochuan 周小川 b. 1948 Jiangsu

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia waihui guanliju 國家外匯管理局, abbrev. waihuiju 外匯局; —juzhang 局長


1979–1982 Bu Ming 卜明 1916-1999 Jiangsu

1982–1990 Tang Gengyao 唐賡堯 b. 1930 N/A

1990–1994 Yin Jieyan 殷介炎 b. 1940 Shanghai

1994–1995 Zhu Xiaohua 朱小華 b. 1949 Shanghai

1995–1998 Zhou Xiaochuan 周小川 b. 1948 Jiangsu

1998 Wu Xiaoling 吳曉靈 b. 1947 N/A

1998–2000 † Lin Fuxiang 李福祥 1952-2000 N/A

2000–2001 Wu Xiaoling (second time)

2001–2003 Guo Shuqing 郭樹清 b. 1956 Inner Mongolia

2005–2009 Hu Xiaolian 胡曉煉 b. 1958 Hubei

2009— Yi Gang 易綱 b. 1958 Beijing

Heads of the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo yinhangye jiandu guanli weiyuanhui 中國銀行業監督管理委員會, abbrev. yin-

jianhui 銀監會; —zhuxi 主席


2003–2011 Liu Mingkang 劉明康 b. 1946 Shanghai

2011— Shang Fulin 尚福林 b. 1951 Shandong

Heads of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo zhengquan jiandu guanli weiyuanhui 中國證券監督管理委員會, abbrev. zheng-

jianhui 證監會; —zhuxi 主席


1992–1995 Liu Hongru 劉鴻儒 b. 1930 Jilin

1995–1997 Zhou Daojiong 周道炯 b. 1933 Anhui

1997–2000 Zhou Zhengqing 周正慶 b. 1935 Anhui

2000–2002 Zhou Xiaochuan 周小川 b. 1948 Jiangsu

2002–2011 Shang Fulin 尚福林 b. 1951 Shandong

2011–2013 Guo Shuqing 郭樹清 b. 1956 Inner Mongolia

2013— Xiao Gang 肖鋼 b. 1958 Jiangxi

Heads of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (CIRC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo baoxian jiandu guanli weiyuanhui 中國保險監督管理委員會, abbrev. baojianhui

保監會; —zhuxi 主席


31


1998–2002 Ma Yongwei 馬永偉 b. 1942 Shandong

2002–2011 Wu Dingfu 吳定富 b. 1946 Hubei

2011— Xiang Junbo 項俊波 b. 1957 Chongqing

Heads of the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia tongjiju 國家統計局; —juzhang 局長


1952–1958 Xue Muqiao 薛暮橋 1904-2005 Jiangsu

1958–1961 Jia Qiyun 賈啓允 1914-2004 Shanxi

1961–1969 Wang Sihua 王思華 1904-1978 Hebei

1974–1981 Chen Xian 陳先 1919-1993 Zhejiang

1981–1984 Li Chengrui 李成瑞 b. 1921 Hebei

1984–1997 Zhang Sai 張塞 b. 1931 Shandong

1997–2000 Liu Hong 劉洪 b. 1939 Shandong

2000–2003 Zhu Zhixin 朱之鑫 b. 1949 Zhejiang

2003–2006 Li Deshui 李德水 b. 1944 Jiangxi

2006 Qiu Xiaohua 邱曉華 b. 1958 Fujian

2006–2008 Xie Fuzhan 謝伏瞻 b. 1954 Hubei

2008— Ma Jiantang 馬建堂 b. 1958 Shandong

Between 1969 and 1974, the NBS was abolished. During that time, official statistics were collected by other

government agencies, mostly the State Planning Commission (guojia jihua weiyuanhui 國家計劃委員會).

Heads of the Information Office of the State Council (SCIO) ☭ Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan xinwen bangongshi 國務院新聞辦公室, abbrev. guowuyuan xinwenban 國務院

新聞辦 or guoxinban 國新辦; —zhuren 主任



1992–1997 Zeng Jianhui 曾建徽 b. 1928 Hunan

1998–2005 Zhao Qizheng 趙啟正 b. 1940 Beijing

2005–2008 Cai Wu 蔡武 b. 1949 Gansu

2008–2013 Wang Chen 王晨 b. 1950 Beijing

2013— Cai Mingzhao 蔡名照 b. 1955 Shandong

Please note that SCIO is identical with the Central External Publicity Office (Zhonggong zhongyang duiwai xuanchuan

bangongshi 中共中央對外宣傳辦公室) under the CCP Central Committee.

Heads of the State Internet Information Office Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia hulianwang zixun bangongshi 國家互聯網資訊辦公室; —zhuren 主任


2011–2013 Wang Chen 王晨 b. 1950 Beijing

2013— Lu Wei 魯煒 b. 1960 Anhui

The State Internet Information Office is sometimes also called guowuyuan hulianwang xinxi bangongshi 國務院互聯網

信息辦公室 (abbrev. guoxinban 國信辦) in Chinese.

Heads of the State General Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia xinwen chuban guangdian zongju 國家新聞出版廣電總局; —juzhang 局長


1985–1987 Bian Chunguang 邊春光 1925-1989 Shandong

1987–1993 Song Muwen 宋木文 b. 1929 Jilin

1993–2000 Yu Youxian 于友先 b. 1937 Shandong

2000–2005 Shi Zongyuan 石宗源 b. 1946 Hebei

2005–2007 Long Xinmin 龍新民 b. 1946 Hunan

2007–2013 Liu Binjie 柳斌杰 b. 1948 Shaanxi


32

2013— Cai Fuchao 蔡赴朝 b. 1951 Beijing

In 1985, the Ministry of Culture’s Publication Administration (wenhuabu chuban guanliju 文化部出版管理局) was re-

named State Bureau for Publication (guojia chubanju 國家出版局). The State Council disbanded it in 1987 and

established the General Administration of Press and Publication (xinwen chubanshu 新聞出版署, abbrev. GAPP;

—shuzhang 署長) instead. Between 2001 and 2013 the GAPP and the National Copyright Administration (guojia

banquanju 國家版權局, abbrev. NCAC) are united under the Chinese name xinwen chuban zongshu 新聞出版總署,

following the principle “two agencies, one label” (yige jigou liangkuai paizi 一個機構兩塊牌子), and accordingly the

GAPP chief also headed the NCAC. In 2013, GAPP was merged with the State Administration of Radio, Film and

Television (guojia guangbo dianying dianshi zongju 國家廣播電影電視總局, abbrev. guangdian zongju 廣電總局 in

Chinese and SARFT in English), upgraded and renamed. NCAC continues to exist under the same principle.

Heads of the Xinhua News Agency Agency’s name in Chinese: xinhua tongxunshe 新華通訊社, abbrev. xinhuashe 新華社; —shezhang 社長


1931–1932 Wang Guanlan 王觀瀾 1906-1982 Zhejiang

1932 Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 1907-1998 Sichuan

1932–1933 Li Yimang 李一氓 1903-1990 Sichuan

1933 Sha Kefu 沙可夫 1903-1961 Zhejiang

1933–1934 Ren Zhibin 任質斌 1915-1998 Shandong

1934–1935 † Qu Qiubai 瞿秋白 1899-1935 Jiangsu

1935–1936 Ren Zhibin (second time)

1936–1937 Xiang Zhonghua 向仲華 1911-1981 Hunan

1937 Liao Chengzhi 廖承志 1908-1983 Guangdong

1937 Li Chuli 李初梨 1900-1994 Chongqing

1937–1938 Sha Kefu (second time)

1939–1941 Xiang Zhonghua (second time)

1941–1946 † Bo Gu 博古 1907-1946 Jiangsu

1946 Yu Guangsheng 余光生 1907-1978 Zhejiang

1946–1949 Liao Chengzhi (second time)

1949 Hu Qiaomu 胡喬木 1912-1992 Jiangsu

1949–1952 Chen Kehan 陳克寒 1917-1980 Zhejiang

1952–1966 Wu Lengxi 吳冷西 1919-2002 Guangdong

1966–1967 Xiong Fu 熊複 1915-1995 Sichuan

1967 Hu Chi 胡癡 1917-2001 Hebei

1967 Wang Weizhen 王唯真 1923-2006 Fujian

1967–1972 Zhang Jizhi 張紀之 b. 1920 Shandong


1977–1982 Zeng Tao 曾濤 1914-1997 Jiangsu

1982–1992 Mu Qing 穆青 1921-2003 Henan

1992–2000 † Guo Chaoren 郭超人 1934-2000 Hubei

2000–2008 Tian Congming 田聰明 b. 1943 Shaanxi

2008— Li Congjun 李從軍 b. 1949 Anhui

☞ Directors of the Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch Agency’s name in Chinese: xinhua tongxunshe Xianggang fenshe 新華通訊社香港分社; —shezhang 社長


1947–1949 Jiao Guanhua 喬冠華 1913-1983 Jiangsu

1949–1955 † Huang Zuomei 黃作梅 1916-1955 Hong Kong

1958–1977 Liang Weilin 梁威林 1911-2008 Guangxi

1978–1983 Wang Kuang 王匡 1917-2003 Guangdong

1983–1990 Xu Jiatun 許家屯 b. 1916 Jiangsu

1990–1997 Zhou Nan 周南 b. 1927 Jilin

1997–2000 Jiang Enzhu 姜恩柱 b. 1938 Jiangsu

2000 Zhang Guoliang 張國良 N/A Jiangsu


33

2000–2002 Xu Xuejiang 徐學江 N/A N/A

2002–2010 Shi Yongxing 薛永興 N/A N/A

2010— Ju Mengjun 俱孟軍 b. 1956 Hebei

The office was established on May 1, 1947 and had the dual function of press office and de facto diplomatic mission

of the PRC in the British colony. After Hong Kong’s 1997 handover the office was reorganized on Jan. 18, 2000 in

two separate units, the Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch henceforth functioning solely as press office. For

the period between 1978 and 1983, Li Jusheng 李菊生 (1911-2000, Guangdong) is listed as second director (dier

shezhang 第二社長).

Heads of the Research Office of the State Council Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan yanjiushi 國務院研究室, abbrev. guoyanshi 國研室; —zhuren 主任


1988–1995 Yuan Mu 袁木 b. 1928 Jiangsu

1995–1998 Wang Mengkui 王夢奎 b. 1938 Henan

1998–2001 Gui Shiyong 桂世鏞 1935-2003 Zhejiang

2001–2008 Wei Liqun 魏禮群 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2008–2013 Xie Fuzhan 謝伏瞻 b. 1954 Hubei

2013— Ning Jizhe 寧吉喆 b. 1956 Anhui

Heads of the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan fazhan yanjiu zhongxin 國務院發展研究中心; —zhuren 主任


1985–1993 Ma Hong 馬洪 1920-2007 Shanxi

1993–1996 Sun Shangqing 孫尚清 1930-1996 Jilin

1998–2007 Wang Mengkui 王夢奎 b. 1938 Henan

2007–2011 Zhang Yutai 張玉台 b. 1945 Shandong

2011— Li Wei 李偉 b. 1953 Jiangsu

Heads of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo qixiangju 中國氣象局; —juzhang 局長


1949–1962 † Tu Changwang 涂長望 1906-1962 Hubei

1982–1996 Zou Jingmeng 鄒競蒙 b. 1929 Shanghai

1996–2000 Wen Kegang 溫克剛 b. 1937 Shanxi

2000–2007 Qin Dahe 秦大河 b. 1947 Gansu

2007— Zheng Guoguang 鄭國光 b. 1959 Jiangsu

The agency was founded in 1949 as Meteorological Bureau in the Military Commission of the CCP Central

Committee (zhongyang junwei qixiangju 中央軍委氣象局). It was renamed Central Meteorological Bureau (zhongyang qi-

xiangju 中央氣象局) in 1953 and has been an independent agency under the State Council since 1994. In 1973, Zou

Jingmeng was named as the person in charge (fuzeren 負責人) of the Central Meteorological Bureau.

Heads of the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo dizhenju 中國地震局; —juzhang 局長


1971–1977 Liu Yingyong 劉英勇 1915-1990 Shaanxi

1977–1978 Li Jianping 李建平 1918-2004 Liaoning

1978–1980 Zou Yu 鄒瑜 b. 1920 Guangxi

1980–1988 An Qiyuan 安啟元 b. 1933 Shaanxi

1988–1995 Fang Zhangshun 方樟順 b. 1934 Zhejiang

1995–2001 Chen Zhangli 陳章立 N/A Fujian

2001–2004 Song Ruixiang 宋瑞祥 b. 1939 Jiangsu

2004— Chen Jianmin 陳建民 b. 1956 Tianjin


34

Heads of the State Forestry Administration (SFA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia linyeju 國家林業局; —juzhang 局長


1949–1958 † Liang Xi 梁希 1883-1958 Zhejiang

1959–1967 Liu Wenhui 劉文輝 1895-1976 Sichuan

1967–NA Wang Yun 王雲 b. 1921 Shandong

1979–1980 Luo Yuchuan 羅玉川 1909-1989 Hebei

1980–1982 Yong Wentao 雍文濤 1912-1997 Guizhou

1982–1987 Yang Zhong 楊鍾 b. 1932 Sichuan

1987–1993 Gao Dezhan 高德占 b. 1932 Shandong

1993–1997 Xu Youfang 徐有芳 b. 1939 Anhui

1997–1998 Chen Yaobang 陳耀邦 b. 1935 Guangdong

1998–2000 Wang Zhibao 王志寶 b. 1938 Shandong

2000–2005 Zhou Shengxian 周生賢 b. 1949 Ningxia

2005–2012 Jia Zhibang 賈治邦 b. 1946 Shaanxi

2012— Zhao Shucong 趙樹叢 b. 1955 Shandong

Note: Wang Yun was Director of the Military Administration Commission of the Ministry of Forestry (linyebu junshi

guanli weiyuanhui zhuren 林業部軍事管理委員會主任). Before March 1998, the agency had the status of a ministry

and was called “Ministry of Forestry” (linyebu 林業部).

Heads of the National Council for Social Security Fund (SSF) Agency’s name in Chinese: quanguo shehui baozhang jijin lishihui 全國社會保障基金理事會, abbrev. shebao jijinhui

社保基金會; —lishizhang 理事長



2003–2008 Xiang Huaicheng 項懷誠 b. 1939 Jiangsu

2008–2013 Dai Xianglong 戴相龍 b. 1944 Jiangsu

2013— Xie Xuren 謝旭人 b. 1947 Zhejiang

Heads of the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia weisheng han jihua shengyu weiyuanhui 國家衛生和計劃生育委員會, abbrev. wei-

sheng han jishengwei 衛生和計生委; —zhuren 主任



1982–1983 Qian Xinzhong 錢信忠 1911-2009 Jiangsu

1983–1988 Wang Wei 王偉 b. 1919 Hebei

1988–1998 Peng Peiyun 彭珮雲 b. 1929 Hunan

1998–2008 Zhang Weiqing 張維慶 b. 1944 Shaanxi

2008–2011 Li Bin 李斌 b. 1954 Liaoning

2011–2013 Wang Xia 王俠 b. 1954 Shaanxi

2013— Li Bin (second time)

From its establishmen in March 1981 to March 2003, the agency was called “National Family Planning Commission”

(guojia jihua shengyu weiyuanhui 國家計劃生育委員會) and then renamed to National Population and Family Planning

Commission (guojia renkou han jihua shengyu weiyuanhui 國家人口和計劃生育委員會, abbrev. NPFPC). In 2013

NPFPC was merged with the Ministry of Health (weishengbu 衛生部, abbrev. MOH) and renamed.

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia Zhong yiyao guanliju 國家中醫藥管理局, abbrev. Zhong yiyaoju 中醫藥局;

—juzhang 局長


1986–1990 Hu Ximing 胡熙明 b. 1934 Shanxi

1993–1998 Zhang Wenkang 張文康 b. 1940 Shanghai

1998–2000 Zhu Qingsheng 朱慶生 b. 1943 Shaanxi

2000–2007 She Jing 佘靖 b. 1946 Hebei


35

2007— Wang Guoqiang 王國強 b. 1955 Anhui

Before 2013 SATCM was an subordinate agency of the Ministry of Health (weishengbu 衛生部, abbrev. MOH).

Heads of the State General Administration of Sport (SGAS) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia tiyu zongju 國家體育總局; —juzhang 局長


1952–1967 He Long 賀龍 1896-1969 Hunan

1968–1971 Cao Cheng 曹誠 1916-2003 Henan

1971–1974 Wang Meng 王猛 1920-2007 Hebei

1974–1977 Zhuang Zedong 莊則棟 b. 1940 Beijing

1977–1981 Wang Meng (second time)

1981–1988 Li Menghua 李夢華 b. 1922 Hebei

1988–2000 Wu Shaozu 伍紹祖 b. 1939 Hunan

2000–2004 Yuan Weimin 袁偉民 b. 1939 Jiangsu

2004— Liu Peng 劉鵬 b. 1951 Chongqing

Before 1954, the name of the agency was Central Sports Commission (zhongyang tiwei 中央體委), between 1954 and

1998 National Sports Commission (guojia tiwei 國家體委). 1968–1971 was a period of military control (junshi guanzhi-

qi軍事管制期). The head of the agency also directs the All-China Sports Federation (Zhonghua quanguo tiyu zonghui中

華全國體育總會, abbrev. quanguo tizong 全國體總 in Chinese and ACSF in English, established on a congress in

Beijing from June 20 to 24, 1952).

☞ Presidents of the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo aolinpike weiyuanhui 中國奧林匹克委員會, abbrev. Zhongguo aoweihui 中國奧

委會; —zhuxi 主席


1979–1985 Zhong Shitong 鍾師統 1913-2001 Shaanxi

1986–1988 Li Menghua 李夢華 b. 1922 Hebei

1989–1994 He Zhenliang 何振梁 b. 1929 Zhejiang

1995–1999 Wu Shaozu 伍紹祖 b. 1939 Hunan

2000–2005 Yuan Weimin 袁偉民 b. 1939 Jiangsu

2005— Liu Peng 劉鵬 b. 1951 Chongqing

In 1954, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) had recognized the PRC’s All-China Sports Federation, but

after the IOC allowed a team from Taiwan to participate in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne under the

name “Formosa”, the PRC severed its relations with the IOC in 1958. The COC was established after the IOC

recognized the PRC as China’s sole legal representative on Nov. 26, 1979.

Heads of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (GAQSIQ) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia zhiliang jiandu jianyan jianyi zongju 國家質量監督檢驗檢疫總局, abbrev. (guojia)

zhijian zongju（國家）質檢總局; —juzhang 局長


2001–2008 Li Changjiang 李長江 b. 1944 Heilongjiang

2008–2010 Wang Yong 王勇 b. 1955 Liaoning

2010— Zhi Shuping 支樹平 b. 1953 Shanxi

☞ Heads of the Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China

(SAC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia biaozhunhua guanli weiyuanhui 國家標準化管理委員會, abbrev. guojia biaozhunwei

國家標準委; —zhuren 主任


2001–2005 Li Zhonghai 李忠海 b. 1941 Jiangsu

2005–2008 Liu Pingjun 劉平均 b. 1952 Henan

2008–2011 Ji Zhengkun 紀正昆 b. 1950 Tianjin

2011–2013 Chen Gang 陳鋼 b. 1958 Jiangsu


36

2013— Tian Shihong 田世宏 b. 1964 Henan

The agency is also called Zhonghua renmin gongheguo guojia biaozhunhua guanliju中華人民共和國國家標準化管理局 in

Chinese.

Heads of the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia anquan shengchan jiandu guanli zongju 國家安全生産監督管理總局, abbrev. anjian

zongju 安監總局; —juzhang 局長


2005–2008 Li Yizhong 李毅中 b. 1945 Shanxi

2008 Wang Jun 王君 b. 1952 Shanxi

2008–2012 Luo Lin 駱琳 b. 1955 Liaoning

2012— Yang Dongliang 楊棟樑 b. 1954 Hebei

☞ Heads of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (SACMS) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia meikuang anquan jianchaju 國家煤礦安全監察局, abbrev. meikuang anjianju 煤礦

安監局 or meijianju 煤監局; —juzhang 局長


1998–2002 Zhang Baoming 張寶明 b. 1940 Heilongjiang

2002–2005 Wang Xianzheng 王顯政 b. 1946 Liaoning

2005–2012 Zhao Tiechui 趙鐵錘 b. 1951 Henan

2012— Fu Jianhua 付建華 b. 1958 Liaoning

At the beginning of Zhang Baoming’s tenure the agency was called “State Mining Industry Bureau” (guojia meitan

gongyeju 國家煤炭工業局). Both Zhao Tiechui and Fu Jianhua were concurrently head of SACMS and deputy head

of the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS).

Heads of the Food Safety Commission under the PRC State Council (FSC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guowuyuan shipin anquan weiyuanhui 國務院食品安全委員會, abbrev. shi’anwei 食安委;

—zhuren 主任


2010— Li Keqiang 李克強 b. 1955 Anhui

Heads of the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia zhishi chanquanju 國家知識産權局; —juzhang 局長


1980–1982 Wu Heng 武衡 1914-1999 Jiangsu

1982–1987 Huang Kunyi 黃坤益 1926-2009 Hunan

1987–1998 Gao Lulin 高盧麟 b. 1935 Shanghai

1998–2001 Jiang Ying 姜穎 b. 1940 Shandong

2001–2005 Wang Jingchuan 王景川 b. 1944 Shandong

2005— Tian Lipu 田力普 b. 1953 Tianjin

The predecessor of the SIPO was the State Patent Office (guojia zhuanliju 國家專利局), established in 1980 and

renamed to Chinese Patent Office (Zhongguo zhuanliju 中國專利局) in 1993. The current name was adopted in 1998.

Heads of the State Archives Administration (SAAC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia dang’anju 國家檔案局; —juzhang 局長


1954–1966 Zeng San 曾三 1906-1990 Hunan

1966–1967 Yang Qing 楊青 1914-2008 Hebei

1979–1981 Zhang Zhong 張中 1907-1990 Guangdong

1981–1982 Zeng San (second time)

1983–1988 Han Yuhu 韓毓虎 b. 1926 Hebei

1988–1993 Feng Zizhi 馮子直 b. 1935 Shaanxi

1993–2000 Wang Gang 王剛 b. 1942 Jilin

2000–2006 Mao Fumin 毛福民 b. 1946 Tianjin


37

2006— Yang Dongquan 楊冬權 b. 1955 Jiangsu

Besides the SAAC there is also the CCP Central Archives (zhongyang dang’an’guan 中央檔案館). Zeng San as well as

the SAAC heads since 1993 were concurrently in charge of the CCP equivalent which between 1970 and 1979 was

led by Xiao Guang 肖光 (b. 1910, Guangdong).

Heads of the National Tourism Administration (CNTA) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia lüyouju 國家旅游局; —juzhang 局長


1978–1981 Lu Xuzhang 盧緒章 1911-1995 Zhejiang

1981–1988 Han Kehua 韓克華 1919-2003 Henan

1988–1995 Liu Yi 劉毅 b. 1930 Shandong

1995–2005 He Guangwei 何光暐 b. 1944 Hunan

2005— Shao Qiwei 邵琪偉 b. 1953 Zhejiang

During Lu Xuzhang’s tenure the Chinese name of the agency was guojia lüyou zongju 國家旅游總局.

Presidents of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Academy’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo kexueyuan 中國科學院, abbrev. Zhongkeyuan 中科院; —yuanzhang 院長


1949–1978 † Guo Moruo 郭沫若 1892-1978 Sichuan

1979–1981 Fang Yi 方毅 1916-1997 Fujian

1981–1987 Lu Jiaxi 盧嘉錫 1915-2001 Fujian/Taiwan

1987–1997 Zhou Guangzhao 周光召 b. 1929 Hunan

1997–2011 Lu Yongxiang 路甬祥 b. 1942 Zhejiang

2011— Bai Chunli 白春禮 b. 1953 Liaoning

Presidents of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Academy’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo shehui kexueyuan 中國社會科學院, abbrev. shekeyuan 社科院; —yuan-

zhang 院長


1977–1982 Hu Qiaomu 胡喬木 1912-1992 Jiangsu

1982–1985 Ma Hong 馬洪 1920-2007 Shanxi

1985–1998 Hu Sheng 胡繩 1918-2000 Jiangsu/Zhejiang


2003–2013 Chen Kuiyuan 陳奎元 b. 1941 Liaoning

2013— Wang Weiguang 王偉光 b. 1950 Shandong

Presidents of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) Academy’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo gongchengyuan 中國工程院; —yuanzhang 院長


1994–1998 Zhu Guangya 朱光亞 b. 1924 Hubei

1998–2002 Song Jian 宋健 b. 1931 Shandong

2002–2010 Xu Kuangdi 徐匡迪 b. 1937 Zhejiang

2010— Zhou Ji 周濟 b. 1946 Shanghai

Heads of the Chinese Academy of Governance (CAG) School’s name in Chinese: guojia xingzheng xueyuan 國家行政學院; —yuanzhang 院長


1994–1998 Li Guixian 李貴鮮 b. 1937 Liaoning


2003–2008 Hua Jianmin 華建敏 b. 1940 Shanghai


2013— Yang Jing 楊晶 b. 1953 Inner Mongolia

Before 2009, the English name of the CAG was National School of Administration.


38

Heads of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia ziran kexue jijin weiyuanhui國家自然科學基金委員會, abbrev. ziran kexue jijinhui

自然科學基金會; —zhuren 主任


1986–1991 Tang Aoqing 唐敖慶 1915-2008 Jiangsu

1991–1999 Zhang Cunhao 張存浩 b. 1928 Tianjin

1999–2003 Chen Jiaer 陳佳洱 b. 1934 Shanghai

2004–2013 Chen Yiyu 陳宜瑜 b. 1944 Fujian

2013— Yang Wei 楊衛 b. 1954 Beijing

Heads of the Central Research Institute of Culture and History (CRICH) Agency’s name in Chinese: zhongyang wenshi yanjiuguan 中央文史研究館; —guanzhang 館長


1951–1958 † Fu Dingyi 符定一 1877-1958 Hunan

1959–1973 † Zhang Shizhao 章士釗 1881-1973 Hunan

1977–1979 † Yang Dongchun 楊東蒓 1900-1979 Hunan

1980–1988 † Ye Shengtao 葉聖陶 1894-1988 Jiangsu

1989–1999 † Xiao Gan 蕭乾 1910-1999 Beijing

1999–2005 † Qi Gong 啟功 1912-2005 Beijing

2006— Yuan Xingpei 袁行霈 b. 1936 Jiangsu

Heads of the National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets ☭ Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia baomiju 國家保密局; —juzhang 局長


1988–1995 Shen Hongying 沈鴻英 N/A N/A

1995–1998 Dai Shenglong 戴生龍 N/A N/A

1998–2003 Mao Linkun 毛林坤 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2003–2005 Du Juan 杜鵑 b. 1950 Hebei

2005–2012 Xia Yong 夏勇 b. 1961 Hubei

2012–2013 Li Zhanshu 栗戰書 b. 1950 Hebei

2013— Meng Xiangfeng 孟祥鋒 b. 1964 Hebei

Please note that the National Administration for the Protection of State Secrets is identical with the Secrets Office

of the CCP Central Committee (Zhonggong zhongyang baomi weiyuanhui bangongshi 中共中央保密委員會辦公室).

Heads of the State Cryptography Administration ☭ Agency’s name in Chinese: guojia shangyong mima guanli bangongshi 國家商用密碼管理辦公室, abbrev. guojia mima

guanliju 國家密碼管理局; —juzhang 局長


2005–2010 Zhang Yanzhen 張彥珍 b. 1955 Shandong

2011— Wei Yuntao 魏允韬 N/A N/A

Please note that the State Cryptography Administration (also known as Office of the State Commercial Crypto-

graphy Administration, abbrev. OSCCA) is identical with the Office of the Cryptography Work Group in the CCP

Central Committee (Zhonggong zhongyang mima gongzuo lingdao xiaozu bangongshi 中共中央密碼工作領導小組辦公室).

RETROSPECTIVE—OBSOLETE MINISTRIES/MAJOR AGENCIES OF THE PRC

In the more than six decades of its existence, the PRC has frequently changed the structure of its central govern-

ment. Ministries and major agencies that existed in the past but were later abolished are listed below. Unless explicitly

mentioned otherwise, the head of a ministry (bu 部) is called minister (buzhang 部長), the head of a commission (wei-

yuanhui委員會) is called director (zhuren主任). Please note that during the Cultural Revolution (wenhua da geming文件

大革命) in some PRC ministries temporarily the person in charge was not a minister but the head either of a

Military Control Commission (junguanhui 軍管會) or of a Revolutionary Committee (geweihui 革委會). There are also

instances when the sources available do not provide an exact date when the tenure of a minister or head of an


39

agency ended but only the information “in the early stages of the Cultural Revolution”; in most cases that particular

official suffered political persecution and was removed from his or her post.

The Cultural Revolution was a campaign unleashed by CCP boss Mao Zedong 毛澤東 in the mid-1960s to

wrest political power from his opponents and seize total control of the state. Since Mao’s main power base was the

military, he replaced many leading officials in the PRC’s ministries and agencies with reliable and loyal officers from

the People’s Liberation Army (jiefangjun 解放軍). In other cases revolutionary committees took over. By 1975, the old

system of administrative leadership was mostly restored. For these reasons three additional abbreviations are

occasionally used below:

• hMCC = head of Military Control Commission (junguanhui zhuren 軍管會主任)

• hRC = head of Revolutionary Committee (geweihui zhuren 革委會主任)

• eCR = early period of the Cultural Revolution (wenge chuqi 文革初期)

Ⓧ Ministry of Metallurgy Industries (yejin gongyebu 冶金工業部)—abolished in 1998


1956–1964 Wang Heshou 王鶴壽 1909-1999 Hebei

1964–1966 Lü Dong 呂東 1915-2002 Liaoning

1970–1976 Chen Shaokun 陳紹昆 b. 1921 Jiangsu

1976–1982 Tang Ke 唐克 b. 1918 Jiangsu

1982–1985 Li Dongye 李東冶 b. 1917 Shanxi

1985–1993 Qi Yuanjing 戚元靖 1929-1994 Hubei

1993–1998 Liu Qi 劉淇 b. 1942 Jiangsu

Note: Between June 1970 and January 1975, Chen Shaokun was head of the Revolutionary Committee (geweihui zhu-

ren革委會主任), after that minister (buzhang 部長).

Ⓧ Ministry of Heavy Industries (zhonggongye bu 重工業部)—established in 1949; abolished in 1956


1949–1950 Chen Yun 陳雲 1905-1995 Jiangsu

1950–1952 @ He Changgong 何長工 1900-1987 Hunan

[1950–1952 Li Fuchun 李富春 1900-1975 Hunan]


Ⓧ Ministry of Light Industries (qinggongye bu 輕工業部)—renamed in 1965 in First Ministry of Light Industries

(diyi qinggongye bu 第一輕工業部); merged in 1970 with the Second Ministry of Light Industries (dier qinggongye bu 第

二輕工業部) and the Ministry of Textile Industries (fangzhi gongyebu 紡織工業部) re-establishing the Ministry of

Light Industries; abolished in 1993 and establishment of the Union of Light Industries (qinggong zonghui 輕工總會)


1949–1954 Huang Yanpei 黃炎培 1878-1965 Jiangsu

1954–1956 Jia Tuofu 賈拓夫 1912-1967 Shaanxi

1956–1958 Sha Qianli 沙千里 1901-1982 Shanghai/Jiangsu

1958–<eCR> Li Zhuchen 李燭塵 1882-1968 Hunan

1970–1977 Qian Zhiquang 錢之光 1900-1994 Zhejiang

1977–1980 Liang Lingguang 梁靈光 1916-2006 Fujian

1981–1982 Song Jiwen 宋季文 1917-1999 Anhui

1982–1987 Yang Po 楊波 b. 1920 Shandong

1987–1993 Zeng Xianlin 曾憲林 b. 1929 Sichuan

Ⓧ Second Ministry of Light Industries (dier qinggongye bu 第二輕工業部)—merged in 1970 with the First

Ministry of Light Industries (diyi qinggongye bu 第一輕工業部) and the Ministry of Textile Industries (fangzhi gongyebu

紡織工業部), constituting the Ministry of Light Industries (qinggong bu 輕工部)


1965–1970 Xu Yunbei 徐運北 b. 1914 Shandong

Ⓧ Ministry of Textile Industries (fangzhi gongyebu 紡織工業部)—merged in 1970 with the First Ministry of

Light Industries (diyi qinggongye bu 第一輕工業部) and the Second Ministry of Light Industries (dier gongyebu 第二輕


40

工業部), constituting the Ministry of Light Industries (qinggongye bu 輕工業部); split in 1977 from the Ministry of

Light Industries; abolished in 1993 and transformed into the General Association of Textiles (fangzhi zonghui 紡織總

會)


1949–1952 Zeng Shan 曾山 1899-1972 Jiangxi

1952–<eCR> Jiang Guangnai 蔣光鼐 1887-1967 Guangdong

1977–1981 Qiang Zhiquang 錢之光 1900-1994 Zhejiang

1981–1983 Hao Jianxiu 郝建秀 b. 1935 Shandong

1983–1993 Wu Wenying 吳文英 1932-2007 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Fuel Industries (ranliao gongyebu 燃料工業部)—established in 1949; abolished in 1955 and split

into Ministry of Coal Industries (meitan gongyebu 煤炭工業部), Ministry of Electricity (dianlibu 電力部) and Ministry

of Oil Industry (shiyou gongyebu 石油工業部)


1949–1955 Chen Yu 陳郁 1901-1974 Guangdong

Ⓧ Ministry of Coal Industries (meitan gongyebu 煤炭工業部)—established in 1955; in 1970 the Ministry of Coal

Industries, the Ministry of Oil Industry (shiyou gongyebu 石油工業部) and the Ministry of Chemical Industries

(huagongbu化工部) were merged, constituting the Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries (ranliao huaxue gongyebu燃

料化學工業部); in 1975 the Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries was abolished and the Ministry of Coal

Industries was re-established; abolished again in 1988; re-established again in 1993 and again abolished in 1998


1955–1957 Chen Yu 陳郁 1901-1974 Guangdong

1957–1967 † Zhang Linzhi 張霖之 1908-1967 Hebei

1967–1970 Wang Su 王素 N/A N/A

1975–1976 Xu Jinqiang 徐今強 1914-1976 Zhejiang

1977–1979 Xiao Han 肖寒 b. 1924 Hebei

1979–1985 Gao Yangwen 高揚文 1917-2004 Shandong

1985–1988 Yu Hong’en 于洪恩 b. 1927 Shandong

1988–1998 Wang Senhao 王森浩 b. 1933 Zhejiang

Note: Wang Su headed the ministry as a military representative (jun daibiao 軍代表).

Ⓧ Ministry of Oil Industry (shiyou gongyebu 石油工業部)—established in 1955; in 1970 merged with the Ministry

of Coal Industries (meitan gongyebu 煤炭工業部) and the Ministry of Chemical Industries (huagongbu 化工部),

constituting the Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries (ranliao huaxue gongyebu 燃料化學工業部), which in turn

was abolished in 1975, when the Ministry of Petrochemical Industries (shiyou huaxue gongyebu 石油化學工業部) was

established and the Ministry of Coal Industries was re-established. The Ministry of Petrochemical Industries was

abolished in 1978 and the Ministry of Oil Industry re-instated, but the latter was finally abolished in 1988


1955–1958 Li Jukui 李聚奎 1904-1995 Hunan

1958–<eCR> Yu Qiuli 余秋里 1914-1999 Jiangxi

1967 Ouyang Yi 歐陽毅 <hMCC> 1910-2005 Hunan

1967–1969 Song Chengzhi 宋承志 <hMCC> 1917-2010 Anhui

1969–1970 Wang Xing 王星王星 <hMCC> 1914-2009 Sichuan

1975–1978 Kang Shi’en 康世恩 1915-1995 Hebei

1978–1980 Song Zhenming 宋振明 1926-1990 Hebei

1981–1982 Kang Shi’en (second time)

1982–1985 Tang Ke 唐克 b. 1918 Jiangsu

1985–1988 Wang Tao 王濤 b. 1931 Hebei

Note: Between 1975 and 1978 Kang Shi’en headed the Ministry of Petrochemical Industries (shiyou huaxue gongyebu

石油化學工業部) which had no other minister during its existence.

Ⓧ Ministry of Electricity (dianlibu 電力部)—established in 1955; merged in 1958 with the Ministry of Water

Conservancy (shuilibu 水利部), constituting the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electricity (shuili dianlibu 水利電


41

力部) which was abolished in 1979 and split into Ministry of Water Conservancy and Ministry of Electricity; merged

again in 1982, re-constituting the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electricity


1955–1958 Liu Lanpo 劉瀾波 1904-1982 Liaoning

1979–1981 Liu Lanpo (second time)

1981–1982 Li Peng 李鵬 b. 1928 Sichuan

Ⓧ Ministry of Chemical Industries (huaxue gongyebu 化學工業部/huagongbu 化工部)—established in 1956;

merged in 1970 with the Ministry of Coal Industries (meitan gongyebu 煤炭工業部) and the Ministry of Oil Industry

(shiyou gongyebu 石油工業部), constituting the Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries (ranliao huaxue gongyebu 燃料

化學工業部); abolished in 1975 and establishment of the Ministry of Petrochemical Industries (shiyou huaxue

gongyebu 石油化學工業部) which was in turn abolished in 1978 and split into the Ministry of Chemical Industries

and Ministry of Oil Industry; the Ministry of Chemical Industries was abolished in 1998


1956–1961 † Peng Tao 彭濤 1913-1961 Jiangxi

1961–1962 @ Liang Yingyong 梁鷹庸 N/A N/A

1962–1966 Gao Yang 高揚 1909-2009 Liaoning

1967–1969 Lan Wenzhao 蘭文兆 <hMCC> 1917-2001 Fujian

1978–1982 Sun Jingwen 孫敬文 1916-1998 Hebei

1982–1989 Qin Zhongda 秦仲達 b. 1923 Shandong

1989–1998 Gu Xiulian 顧秀蓮 b. 1936 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries (ranliao huaxue gongyebu 燃料化學工業部)—in 1970 the Ministry

of Coal Industries (meitan gongyebu 煤炭工業部), Ministry of Electricity (dianlibu 電力部) and the Ministry of

Chemical Industries (huagongbu 化工部) were merged and formed the Ministry of Fuel and Chemical Industries,

which in turn was abolished in 1975


1970–1971 Yi Wen 伊文 <hRC> 1916-1992 Zhejiang

1971–1975 Kang Shi’en 康世恩 <hRC> 1915-1995 Hebei

Ⓧ Ministry of Energy Ressources (nengyuanbu 能源部)—established in 1988 and abolished in 1993


1988–1993 Huang Yicheng 黃毅誠 b. 1926 Hubei

Ⓧ Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electricity (shuili dianlibu水利電力部)—established in 1958; abolished

in 1979 and split into Ministry of Water Conservancy (shuilibu 水利部) and Ministry of Electricity (dianlibu 電力部);

re-united in 1982 as Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electricity; abolished in 1988 and split into Ministry of

Water Conservancy and Ministry of Energy Ressources (nengyuanbu 能源部)


1959–<eCR> Fu Zuoyi 傅作義 1895-1974 Shanxi

1967–1970 Chen Desan 陳德三 <hMCC> 1914-1993 Anhui

1970–1974 Zhang Wenbi 張文碧 <hMCC> 1910-2008 Jiangxi

1975–1979 Qian Zhengying 錢正英 b. 1923 Zhejiang

1982–1988 Qian Zhengying (second time)

Ⓧ Ministry of Power Industry (dianli gongyebu 電力工業部)—established in 1993; abolished in 1997 and trans-

formed into the National Power Company (guojia dianli gongsi 國家電力公司)


1993–1997 Shi Dazhen 史大楨 b. 1932 Jiangsu

Ⓧ First Ministry of Machine Building Industries (diyi jixie gongyebu 第一機械工業部 /yijibu 一機

部)—abolished in 1982 and merged with the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery (nongjibu 農機部), constituting the

Ministry of Machine Building Industries (jixie gongyebu 機械工業部)


1952–1958 † Huang Jing 黃敬 1912-1958 Beijing/Zhejiang


42

1958–1960 Zhao Erlu 趙爾陸 1905-1967 Shanxi

1960–<eCR> Duan Junyi 段君毅 1910-2004 Henan

1970–1975 Li Shuiqing 李水清 1918-2007 Jiangxi

1977–1981 Zhou Zijian 周子健 1914-2003 Anhui

1981–1982 Rao Bin 饒斌 1913-1987 Jilin

Note: Between June 1970 and January 1975, Li Shuiqing was head of the Revolutionary Committee (geweihui zhuren

革委會主任), between January and September 1975 minister.

Ⓧ Ministry of Mechanical Electronics Industries (jixie dianzi gongyebu 機械電子工業部)—established in 1988;

abolished in 1993 and split into Ministry of Machine Building Industries (jixie gongyebu 機械工業部) and Ministry of

Electronics Industries (dianzi gongyebu 電子工業部)



1989–1993 He Guangyuan 何光遠 b. 1930 Hebei

Ⓧ Second Ministry of Machine Building Industry (dier jixie gongyebu 第二機械工業部/erjibu 二機

部)—abolished in 1982, establishment of the Ministry of Nuclear Industries (hegongye bu 核工業部)


1956–1960 Song Renqiong 宋任窮 1909-2005 Hunan

1960–<eCR> Liu Jie 劉傑 b. 1915 Anhui

1970–1973 Yuan Xuekai 袁學凱 <hRC> 1914-2004 Hubei

1975–1977 Liu Xiyao 劉西堯 b. 1916 Hunan

1977–1982 Liu Wei 劉偉 1916-1998 Jiangxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Nuclear Industries (hegongye bu 核工業部)—established in 1982; abolished in 1988 and replaced

by the China National Nuclear Corporation (Zhongguo hegongye zonggongsi 中國核工業總公司, abbrev. CNNC; today’s

name in Chinese: Zhongguo hegongye jituan gongsi 中國核工業集團公司)


1982–1983 Zhang Chen 張忱 1918-2011 Henan

1983–1988 Jiang Xinxiong 蔣心雄 b. 1931 Zhejiang

Ⓧ Third Ministry of Machine Building Industries (disan jixie gongyebu 第三機械工業部/sanjibu 三機

部)—abolished in 1982; establishment of the Ministry of Aviation Industries (hangkong gongyebu 航空工業部)


1963–1966 † Sun Zhiyuan 孫志遠 1911-1966 Hebei

1970–1972 Zhou Hongpo 周洪波 <hRC> N/A N/A

1973–1977 Li Jitai 李際泰 1919-1985 Shandong

1977–1981 Lü Dong 呂東 1915-2002 Jiangsu

1981–1982 Mo Wenxiang 莫文祥 b. 1923 Shandong

Ⓧ Ministry of Aviation Industries (hangkong gongyebu 航空工業部)—established in 1982; abolished in 1988


1982–1988 Mo Wenxiang 莫文祥 b. 1923 Shandong

Ⓧ Ministry of Space Industry (hangtian gongyebu 航天工業部)—established in 1982; merged in 1988 with

Ministry of Aviation Industries (hangkong gongyebu 航空工業部), constituting the Ministry of Aviation and Space

Industries (hangkong hangtai gongyebu 航空航太工業部)


1982–1985 Zhang Jun 張鈞 1919-1997 Shandong

1985–1988 Li Xu’e 李緒鄂 b. 1928 Hubei

Ⓧ Ministry of Aviation and Space Industries (hangkong hangtai gongyebu 航空航太工業部)—established in

1988; abolished in 1993 and transformed to a corporation


1988–1993 Lin Zongtang 林宗棠 b. 1926 Fujian


43

Ⓧ Fourth Ministry of Machine Building Industry (disi jixie gongyebu 第四機械工業部/sijibu 四機

部)—renamed in 1982 to Ministry of Electronics Industries (dianzi gongyebu 電子工業部)


1963–1967 Wang Zheng 王錚 1908-1978 Jiangsu

1967–1968 He Guanghua 賀光華 <hMCC> 1916-2001 Jiangxi

1968–1972 Peng Lin 彭林 <hMCC> 1914-2002 Jiangxi

1972–1978 † Wang Zheng (second time)

1978–1982 Qian Min 錢敏 b. 1916 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Electronics Industry (dianzi gongyebu 電子工業部)—established in 1982; abolished in 1988;

re-established in 1993 and abolished again in 1998


1982–1983 Zhang Ting 張挺 b. 1922 Shanxi



1993–1998 Hu Qili 胡啟立 b. 1929 Shaanxi

Ⓧ Fifth Ministry of Machine Building Industries (diwu jixie gongyebu 第五機械工業部/wujibu 五機

部)—abolished in 1982; establishment of the Ministry of Ordnance (bingqi gongyebu 兵器工業部)


1963–1973 Qiu Chuangcheng 邱創成 1912-1982 Hunan

1973–1977 Li Chengfang 李成芳 1914-1984 Hubei

1977–1982 Zhang Zhen 張珍 1909-2004 Hebei

Note: Qiu Chuangcheng was minister between October 1963 and May 1967 but head of the Revolutionary

Committee (geweihui zhuren 革委會主任) between May 1967 and July 1973, and Li Chengfang was head of the

Revolutionary Committee between July 1973 and January 1975 but minister between January 1975 and December

1977.

Ⓧ Ministry of Ordnance (bingqi gongyebu 兵器工業部)—established in 1982; abolished in 1986


1982–1983 Lai Jinlie 來金烈 b. 1928 Shanxi

1983–1985 Yu Yi 于一 1925-1994 Shandong


Ⓧ Sixth Ministry of Machine Building Industries (diliu jixie gongyebu 第六機械工業部/liujibu 六機

部)—abolished in 1982; establishment of the China State Shipbuilding Corp. (Zhongguo chuanbo gongye zonggongsi 中國

船舶工業總公司)


1963–1967 Fang Qiang 方強 1912-2012 Hunan

1970–1975 Huang Zhongxue 黃忠學 <hRC> 1911-1992 Hubei

1975–1977 Bian Jiang 邊疆 1917-1994 Hebei

1977–1981 Chai Shufan 柴樹藩 1910-1997 Shandong

1981–1982 An Zhiwen 安志文 b. 1919 Shaanxi

Ⓧ Seventh Ministry of Machine Building Industries (diqi jixie gongyebu 第七機械工業部/qijibu 七機

部)—abolished in 1982


1964–1967 Wang Bingzhang 王秉璋 1914-2005 Henan

1970–1977 Wang Yang 汪洋 b. 1920 Shaanxi


1978–1982 Zheng Tianxiang 鄭天翔 b. 1914 Inner Mongolia

Note: Wang Yang was head of the Revolutionary Committee (geweihui zhuren 革委會主任) between June 1970 and

January 1975 but minister between January 1975 and October 1977.


44

Ⓧ Ministry of Agricultural Machinery (nongye jixiebu 農業機械部)—renamed in 1965 to Eighth Ministry of

Machine Building Industry (bajibu 八機部); integrated in 1970 into the First Ministry of Machine Building Industry

(yijibu 一機部); re-instated as seperate Ministry of Agricultural Machinery in 1979; in 1982 merged with the First

Ministry of Machine Building Industry, constituting the Ministry of Machine Building Industry (jixie gongyebu 機械工

業部)


1959–<eCR> Chen Zhengren 陳正人 1907-1972 Jiangxi

1979–1982 Yang Ligong 楊立功 <hMCC> 1919-2010 Shandong

Note: Chen Zhengren consecutively headed the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery and the Eighth Ministry of

Machine Building Industry.

Ⓧ Eighth Ministry of Machine Building Industries (diba jixie gongyebu 第八機械工業部/bajibu 八機

部)—established in 1965 after renaming the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery (nongye jixiebu 農業機械部);

integrated in 1970 into the First Ministry of Machine Building Industry (yijibu 一機部); re-established in 1979 and

integrated in 1981 into the Seventh Ministry of Machine Building Industry (qijibu 七機部)


1965–<eCR> Chen Zhengren 陳正人 1907-1972 Jiangxi

1979–1981 Jiao Ruoyu 焦若愚 b. 1915 Henan

Ⓧ Ministry of Machine Building Industries (jixie gongyebu 機械工業部)—established in 1982; abolished in

1985; re-established in 1993 and abolished again in 1998


1982–1985 Zhou Jiannan 周建南 1917-1995 Jiangsu

1993–1996 He Guangyuan 何光遠 b. 1930 Hebei

1996–1998 Bao Xuding 包敘定 b. 1939 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Civil Engineering (jianzhu gongyebu 建築工程部)—merged in 1970 with other agencies and

departments constituting the State Basic Construction Commission (guojia jiben jianshe weiyuanhui 國家基本建設委員

會)


1952–1954 Chen Zhengren 陳正人 1917-1972 Jiangxi

1954–1964 Liu Xiufeng 劉秀峰 1908-1971 Hebei

1964–1964 Li Renjun 李人俊 1914-1999 Zhejiang

1964–1965 @ Sun Jingwen 孫敬文 1916-1998 Hebei

1965–1970 Liu Yumin 劉裕民 1915-1970 Shanxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Construction Material Industries (jianzhu cailiao gongyebu 建築材料工業部)—established in

1956; abolished twice (in 1958 and 1970); integrated in 1982 into the State Economic Committee (guojia jingwei 國家

經委)


1956–1958 Lai Jifa 賴際發 1910-1982 Fujian

1965–<eCR> Lai Jifa (second time)

1979–1982 Song Yangchu 宋養初 1914-1984 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Urban-Rural Construction and Environmental Protection (chengxiang jianshe huanjing baohubu

城鄉建設環境保護部)—established in 1982; abolished in 1988


1982–1984 Li Ximing 李錫銘 1926-2008 Hebei

1984–1985 Rui Xingwen 芮杏文 1927-2005 Jiangsu

1985–1988 Ye Rutang 葉如棠 b. 1940 Zhejiang

Ⓧ Ministry of Land Reclamation and Cultivation (nongkenbu 農墾部)—abolished in 1970


1956–<eCR> Wang Zhen 王震 1908-1993 Hunan

1964–<eCR> @ Chen Manyuan 陳漫遠 1911-1986 Guangxi


45

Ⓧ Ministry of Forestry Industries (senlin gongyebu 森林工業部)—abolished in 1958


1956–1958 Luo Longji 羅隆基 1896-1965 Jiangxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Food Industries (shipin gongyebu 食品工業部)—abolished in 1951; re-established in 1956;

abolished again in 1958


1949–1951 Yang Lisan 楊立三 1900-1954 Hunan

1956–1958 Li Zhuchen 李燭塵 1882-1968 Hunan

Ⓧ Ministry of Grain and Food (liangshibu 糧食部)—integrated in 1970 into the Ministry of Commerce

(shangyebu 商業部); split in 1976 from the Ministry of Commerce and re-established as the Ministry of Grain and

Food; abolished in 1982 and integrated back into the Ministry of Commerce


1952–1958 Zhang Naiqi 章乃器 1897-1977 Zhejiang

1958–1958 Chen Guodong 陳國棟 1911-2005 Jiangxi

1958–1970 Sha Qianli 沙千里 1901-1982 Shanghai/Jiangsu

1976–1980 Chen Guodong (second time)

1980–1982 Zhao Xinchu 趙辛初 1915-1991 Hubei

Ⓧ Ministry of Aquatic Products (shuichanbu 水産部)—abolished in 1970


1956–<eCR> Xu Deheng 許德珩 1890-1990 Jiangxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Agricultural Products and Purchasing (nong chanpin caogoubu 農産品採購部)—abolished in

1956


1955–1956 Yang Yichen 楊一辰 1905-1980 Shandong

Ⓧ Ministry of Geology (dizhibu 地質部)—downgraded in 1970 to Bureau of Geology in the State Planning

Commission (guojia jiwei dizhiju 國家計委地質局; re-established in 1979 as Ministry of Geology; changed in 1982 to

Ministry of Geology and Mineral Goods (dizhi kuangchanbu 地質礦産部)


1952–1967 Li Siguang 李四光 1889-1971 Hubei


Ⓧ Ministry of Geology and Mineral Goods (dizhi kuangchanbu 地質礦産部)—established in 1982; abolished in

1998



1985–1994 Zhu Xun 朱訓 b. 1930 Jiangsu

1994–1998 Song Ruixiang 宋瑞祥 b. 1939 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Second Ministry of Commerce (dier shangyebu 第二商業部)—established in 1958 by merging the Ministry of

Urban Services (chengshi fuwubu 城市服務部) and the China Supply and Marketing Cooperative (quanguo gongxiao hezuo

zongshe 全國供銷合作總社); merged in 1958 with the First Ministry of Commerce (diyi shangyebu 第一商業部), con-

stituting the Ministry of Commerce (shangyebu 商業部)



Ⓧ Ministry of Urban Services (chengshi fuwubu 城市服務部)—abolished in 1958




46

Ⓧ Ministry of Goods and Materials (wuzi guanlibu 物資管理部)—abolished in 1970 and merged into the State

Planning Commission (guojia jiwei 國家計委); re-established in 1988 as Ministry of Goods and Materials; abolished

again in 1993 and merged with the Ministry of Commerce (shangwubu 國家計委), constituting the Ministry of

Domestic Trade (guonei maoyibu 國內貿易部)


1964–<eCR> Yuan Baohua 袁寶華 b. 1916 Henan

1967–1970 Liu Ren 劉忍 <hMCC> 1915-1978 Shandong

1988–1993 Liu Suinian 柳隨年 b. 1929 Shaanxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Domestic Trade (guonei maoyibu 國內貿易部)—established in 1993; abolished in 1998


1993–1996 Zhang Haoruo 張皓若 1932-2004 Henan

1996–1998 Chen Bangzhu 陳邦柱 b. 1945 Shaanxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Internal Affairs (neiwubu 內務部)—abolished in 1970


1949–1959 Xie Juezai 謝覺哉 1884-1971 Hunan


1960–1968 Zeng Shan 曾山 1899-1972 Jiangxi

Ⓧ Ministry of Higher Education (gaodeng jiaoyubu 高等教育部)—established in 1952; integrated in 1958 into the

Ministry of Education (jiaoyubu 教育部); that Ministry was split again in 1963 into Ministry of Higher Education and

Ministry of Education; merged again in 1966, re-constituting the Ministry of Education



1954–1958 Yang Xiufeng 楊秀峰 1897-1983 Hebei

1964–1965 Yang Xiufeng (second time)

1965–1966 Jiang Nanxiang 蔣南翔 1913-1988 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Labor and Personnel (laodong renshibu 勞動人事部)—established in 1982; abolished in 1988


1982–1985 Zhao Shouyi 趙守一 1917-1988 Shaanxi

1985–1988 Zhao Dongwan 趙東宛 b. 1926 Henan

Ⓧ Ministry of Broadcasting, Film and Television (guangbo dianying dianshibu 廣播電影電視部)—in 1986 the

Ministry of Broadcasting and Television (guangbo dianshibu 廣播電視部) was renamed in Ministry of Broadcasting,

Film and Television; abolished in 1998 and merged with the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (youdianbu 郵

電部), Ministry of Electronics Industries (dianzi gongyebu 電子工業部), constituting the Ministry of Information

Industry (zixun chanyebu 資訊産業部)


1982–1985 Wu Lengxi 吳冷西 1919-2002 Guangdong

1985–1994 Ai Zhisheng 艾知生 1928-1997 Hubei

1994–1998 Sun Jiazheng 孫家正 b. 1944 Jiangsu

Ⓧ Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (youdianbu 郵電部)—merged in 1970 with Ministry of Railways

(tiedaobu 鐵道部 ), Ministry of Communications (jiaotongbu 交通部 ), constituting an enlarged Ministry of

Communications; Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications revived in 1973; merged in 1998 with Ministry of

Electronics Industries (dianzi gongyebu電子工業部), constituting the Ministry of Information Industry (zixun chanyebu

資訊産業部)


1949–<eCR> Zhu Xuefan 朱學范 1905-1996 Zhejiang

1973–1978 Zhong Fuxiang 鐘夫翔 1911-1992 Guangxi

1978–1981 Wang Zigang 王子綱 1909-1994 Hebei

1981–1984 Wen Minsheng 文敏生 1915-1997 Shanxi

1984–1993 Yang Taifang 楊泰芳 b. 1927 Guangdong


47

1993–1998 Wu Jichuan 吳基傳 b. 1937 Hunan

Ⓧ Ministry of Labor and Social Security (laodong han shehui baozhangbu 勞動和社會保障部)—abbrev. MOLSS;

integrated into the Ministry of Personnel (renshibu 人事部, abbrev. MOP) in 2008 to create the Ministry of Human

Ressources and Social Security (renli ziyuan han shehui baozhangbu 人力資源和社會保障部, abbrev. MOHRSS) Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1998–2003 Zhang Zuoji 張左己 b. 1945 Heilongjiang

2003–2005 Zheng Silin 鄭斯林 b. 1940 Jiangsu

2005–2008 Tian Chengping 田成平 b. 1945 Hebei

Ⓧ Ministry of Health (weishengbu 衛生部)—abbrev. MOH; disbanded in 2013 and integrated with the National

Population and Family Planning Commission (guojia renkou han jihua shengyu weiyuanhui 國家人口和計劃生育委員會,

abbrev. NPFPC) and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (guojia Zhong yiyao guanliju 國家中醫

藥管理局, abbrev. Zhong yiyaoju 中醫藥局 in Chinese and SATCM in English) to constitute the National Health and

Family Planning Commission (guojia weisheng han jihua shengyu weiyuanhui 國家衛生和計劃生育委員會, abbrev. wei-

sheng han jishengwei 衛生和計生委 in Chinese and NHFPC in English)


1949–1965 Li Dequan 李德全 1896-1972 Beijing

1965–1968 Qian Xinzhong 錢信忠 1911-2009 Jiangsu

1968–1970 Qiu Guoguang 邱國光 1918-2001 Fujian

1970–1973 Chen Renhong 陳仁洪 1917-1990 Jiangxi

1973–1976 Liu Xiangping 劉湘屏 b. 1920 Shanxi

1976–1979 Jiang Yizhen 江一真 1915-1994 Fujian

1979–1982 Qian Xinzhong (second time)

1982–1987 Cui Yueli 崔月犁 1920-1998 Hebei

1987–1998 Chen Minzhang 陳敏章 1931-1999 Zhejiang

1998–2003 Zhang Wenkang 張文康 b. 1940 Shanghai

2003–2005 Wu Yi 吳儀 b. 1938 Hubei

2005–2007 Gao Qiang 高強 b. 1944 Hebei

2007–2013 Chen Zhu 陳竺 b. 1953 Shanghai/Jiangsu

Ⓧ State Electricity Regulatory Commission (guojia dianli jianguan weiyuanhui 國家電力監管委員會, abbrev.

dianjianhui 電監會 in Chinese and SERC in English; —zhuxi 主席); abolished in 2013, its functions were trans-

ferred to the restructured National Energy Administration (guojia nengyuanju 國家能源局) Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

2003–2006 Chai Songyue 柴松嶽 b. 1941 Zhejiang

2006–2008 You Quan 尤權 b. 1954 Hebei

2008–2011 Wang Xudong 王旭東 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2011–2013 Wu Xinxiong 吳新雄 b. 1949 Jiangsu

Ⓧ State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (guojia guangbo dianying dianshi zongju 國家廣播電影電

視總局, abbrev. guangdian zongju 廣電總局 in Chinese ad SARFT in English; —juzhang 局長); abolished in 2013

after merger with the General Administration of Press and Publication (xinwen chuban zongshu 新聞出版總署, abbrev.

GAPP) which was then upgraded and renamed to State General Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film

and Television (guojia xinwen chuban guangdian zongju 國家新聞出版廣電總局) Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1998–2000 Tian Congming 田聰明 b. 1943 Shaanxi

2000–2004 Xu Guangchun 徐光春 b. 1944 Zhejiang

2004–2011 Wang Taihua 王太華 b. 1945 Jiangxi

2011–2013 Cai Fuchao 蔡赴朝 b. 1951 Beijing

Ⓧ State Commission for Machine Building Industries (guojia jixie gongye weiyuanhui 國家機械工業委員會)




48

Ⓧ State Basic Construction Commission (guojia jiben jianshe weiyuanhui 國家基本建設委員會)—established in

1958 after the State Construction Commission (guojia jianshe weiyuanhui 國家建設委員會/guojia jianwei 國家建委, est.

1954) was abolished in 1958; abolished in 1961; re-established in 1965, abolished again in 1982


1954–1956 Bo Yibo 薄一波 1908-2007 Shanxi



1965–1968 Gu Mu 谷牧 1914-2009 Shandong

1968–1973 Li Lianghan 李良漢 <hMCC> 1912-2004 Jiangxi

1973–1980 Gu Mu (second time)

1980–1985 Han Guang 韓光 1912-2008 Heilongjiang

Ⓧ State Commission of Technology (guojia jishu weiyuanhui 國家技術委員會)


1956–1958 † Huang Jing 黃敬 1912-1958 Beijing/Zhejiang

Ⓧ State Economy Commission (guojia jingji weiyuanhui 國家經濟委員會 , abbrev. guojia jingwei 國家經

委)—abolished in 1970; re-established in 1978; abolished again in 1988


1956–<eCR> Bo Yibo 薄一波 1908-2007 Shanxi

1968–1970 Su Jing 蘇靜 <hMCC> 1910-1987 Fujian

1978–1981 Kang Shi’en 康世恩 1915-1995 Hebei

1981–1982 Yuan Baohua 袁寶華 b. 1916 Henan

1982–1984 Zhang Jinfu 張勁夫 b. 1914 Anhui

1984–1988 Lü Dong 呂東 1915-2002 Jiangsu

Ⓧ State Commission of Economy and Trade (guojia jingji maoyi weiyuanhui 國家經濟貿易委員會)—established

in 1993; abolished in 2003



1998–2001 Sheng Huaren 盛華仁 b. 1935 Jiangsu

2001–2003 Li Rongrong 李榮融 b. 1944 Jiangsu

Ⓧ State Commission of Economic System Reform (guojia jingji tizhi gaige weiyuanhui國家經濟體制改革委員會

/guojia tigaiwei 國家體改委)—established in 1982 as department of the State Council based on the Bureau for

System Reform in the State Council (guowuyuan tizhi gaige bangongshi 國務院體制改革辦公室) which in turn had been

established in 1980 and was headed by Du Xingyuan 杜星垣 (1914-2011, Fujian); abolished in 1998 and re-designed

as Office for Economic System Reform of the State Council (guowuyuan jingji tizhi gaige bangongshi 國務院經濟體制改

革辦公室, abbrev. tigaiban 體改辦)




1988–1993 Li Peng 李鵬 b. 1928 Sichuan

1993–1998 Li Tieying (second time)


2000–2002 Wang Qishan 王岐山 b. 1948 Shanxi

Note: The post of the commission’s director was left vacant when Wang Qishan was transferred to Hainan in

November 2002 until the commission was abolished altogether in March 2003.

Ⓧ State Commission of Defense Science and Technology Industries (guofang kexue jishu gongye weiyuanhui 國

防科學技術工業委員會)


1982–1985 Chen Bin 陳彬 1919-1998 Sichuan

1985–1996 Ding Henggao 丁衡高 b. 1931 Jiangsu


49


1998–2003 Liu Jibin 劉積斌 b. 1938 Shandong

2003–2007 Zhang Yunchuan 張雲川 b. 1946 Zhejiang

2007–2008 Zhang Qingwei 張慶偉 b. 1961 Hebei

Ⓧ Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission (huaqiao shiwu weiyuanhui 華僑事務委員會)—abolished in 1970


1949–1959 He Xiangning 何香凝 1878-1972 Guangdong

1959–1970 Liao Chengzhi 廖承志 1908-1983 Guangdong

Ⓧ State Commission of External Cultural Liaison (duiwai wenhua lianluo weiyuanhui 對外文化聯絡委員會)


1958–1970 Zhang Xiruo 張奚若 1889-1973 Shaanxi

3. Other key administrative positions in the PRC

THE NPC AND THE CPPCC OF THE PRC

Chairmen of the National People’s Congress (NPC) Agency’s name in Chinese: quanguo renmin daibiao dahui 全國人民代表大會, abbrev. quanguo renda 全國人大 or

renda 人大; —changweihui weiyuanzhang 常委會委員長



1959–1976 † Zhu De 朱德 1886-1976 Sichuan


1983–1988 Peng Zhen 彭真 1902-1997 Shanxi

1988–1993 Wan Li 萬里 b. 1916 Shandong

1993–1998 Qiao Shi 喬石 b. 1924 Zhejiang


2003–2013 Wu Bangguo 吳邦國 b. 1941 Anhui

2013— Zhang Dejiang 張德江 b. 1946 Liaoning

The NPC is the parliament of the PRC and elects the PRC president (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhuxi 中華人民共和

國主席), the PRC State Council (guowuyuan 國務院) with the PRC premier (zongli 總理) at the top as well as the

members of the PRC Central Military Commission (guojia zhongyang junshi weiyuanhui 國家中央軍事委員會), the

Supreme People’s Court (zuigao renmin fayuan 最高人民法院), and the Supeme People’s Procuratorate (zuigao renmin

jianchayuan 最高人民檢察院).

NPC secretary-generals Position’s name in Chinese: quanguo renmin daibiao dahui changwu weiyuanhui mishuzhang 全國人民代表大會常務委

員會秘書長

No. Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1 1954–1959 Peng Zhen 彭真 1902-1997 Shanxi

2 1959–1964 Peng Zhen (second time)

3 1964–1975 Liu Nongyi 劉甯一 1907-1994 Hebei

4 1975–1978 Ji Pengfei 姬鵬飛 1910-2000 Shanxi

5 1978–1983 Ji Pengfei (second time)

6 1983–1988 Wang Hanbin 王漢斌 b. 1925 Fujian

7 1988–1993 Peng Chong 彭沖 1915-2010 Fujian

8 1993–1998 Cao Zhi 曹志 b. 1928 Shandong

9 1998–2003 He Chunlin 何椿霖 b. 1933 Jiangsu


50

10 2003–2008 Sheng Huaren 盛華仁 b. 1935 Jiangsu

11 2008–2018 Li Jianguo 李建國 b. 1946 Shandong

12 2013— Wang Chen 王晨 b. 1950 Beijing

NPC spokespersons Position’s name in Chinese: quanguo renmin daibiao dahui xinwen fayanren 全國人民代表大會新聞發言人



1988–1993 Yao Guang 姚廣 1921-2003 Shanxi

1993–1998 Zhou Jue 周覺 b. 1927 Hunan

1998–2003 Zeng Jianhui 曾建徽 b. 1928 Hunan



2013— Fu Ying 傅瑩 b. 1953 Inner Mongolia

Heads of the NPC Law Committee Committee’s name in Chinese: quanguo renmin daibiao dahui falü weiyuanhui 全國人民代表大會法律委員會;

—zhuren weiyuan 主任委員


1983–1988 Peng Chong 彭沖 1915-2010 Fujian

1988–1993 Wang Hanbin 王漢斌 b. 1925 Fujian

1993–1998 Xue Ju 薛駒 b. 1922 Shanxi

1998–2003 Wang Weicheng 王維澄 b. 1929 Zhejiang

2003–2008 Yang Jingyu 楊景宇 b. 1936 Henan

2008–2013 Hu Kangsheng 胡康生 b. 1944 Zhejiang

2013— Qiao Xiaoyang 喬曉陽 b. 1945 Hubei

Sessions of the NPC—an overview No. First plenary session Total deputies No. First plenary session Total deputies First 1954, Sept. 15–28 1226 Seventh 1988, March 25–April 13 2978

Second 1959, April 17–28 1226 Eighth 1993, March 15–31 2978

Third 1964, Dec. 21—1965, Jan. 4 3040 Ninth 1998, March 5–19 2979

Fourth 1975, Jan. 13–17 2885 Tenth 2003, March 5–18 2985

Fifth 1978, Feb. 26–March 5 3497 Eleventh 2008, March 5–18 2987

Sixth 1983, June 6–21 2978 Twelfth 2013, March 5–17 2987

Chairpersons of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi 中國人民政治協商會議; —zhuxi 主席



1954–1976 † Zhou Enlai 周恩來 1898-1976 Zhejiang


1983–1988 Deng Yingchao 鄧穎超 1904-1992 Henan


1993–2003 Li Ruihuan 李瑞環 b. 1934 Tianjin

2003–2013 Jia Qinglin 賈慶林 b. 1940 Hebei

2013— Yu Zhengsheng 俞正聲 b. 1945 Zhejiang

Note: Between 1954 and 1976, the chairman of the CPPCC was Zhou Enlai, but Mao Zedong was named honorary

chairman (mingyu zhuxi 名譽主席).

CPPCC secretary-generals Position’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi mishuzhang 中國人民政治協商會議秘書長



1954–1964 Xu Bing 徐冰 1903-1972 Hebei


51

1964–1978 Ping Jiesan 平傑三 1906-2001 Henan

1978 † Ji Yanming 齊燕銘 1907-1978 Beijing

1979–1985 @ Liu Lantao 劉瀾濤 1910-1997 Shaanxi

1985 Peng Youjin 彭友今 b. 1914 Sichuan

1986–1990 Zhou Shaozheng 周紹錚 1926-2007 Zhejiang

1991–1994 Song Demin 宋德敏 b. 1930 Jilin

1994–1998 Zhu Xun 朱訓 b. 1930 Jiangsu

1998–2008 Zheng Wantong 鄭萬通 b. 1941 Tianjin

2008–2013 Qian Junlu 錢運錄 b. 1944 Hubei

2013— Zhang Qingli 張慶黎 b. 1951 Shandong

Sessions of the CPPCC—an overview No. First plenary session Total sessions No. First plenary session Total sessions First 1949, Oct. 9 4 Seventh 1988, March 24–April 10 5

Second 1954, Dec. 21–25 3 Eighth 1993, March 14–27 5

Third 1959, April 17–29 4 Ninth 1998, March 3–14 5

Fourth 1964, Dec. 20—1965, Jan. 5 1 Tenth 2003, March 3–15 5

Fifth 1978, Feb. 24–March 8 5 Eleventh 2008, March 3–14 5

Sixth 1983, June 4–22 5 Twelfth 2013, March 3–12 N/A

THE PRC JUDICIARY AND HONG KONG, MACAU AND TAIWAN RELATIONS

Presidents of the Supreme People’s Court Agency’s name in Chinese: zuigao renmin fayuan 最高人民法院; —yuanzhang 院長

No. Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1 1949–1954 Shen Junru 沈鈞儒 1875-1963 Zhejiang

2 1954–1959 Dong Biwu 董必武 1886-1975 Hubei

3 1959–1965 Xie Juezai 謝覺哉 1884-1971 Hunan

4 1965–1975 Yang Xiufeng 楊秀峰 1897-1983 Hebei

5 1975–1983 Jiang Hua 江華 1907-1999 Hunan

6 1983–1988 Zheng Tianxiang 鄭天翔 b. 1914 Inner Mongolia

7 1988–1998 Ren Jianxin 任建新 b. 1925 Shanxi

8 1998–2008 Xiao Yang 肖揚 b. 1938 Guangdong

9 2008–2013 Wang Shengjun 王勝俊 b. 1946 Anhui

10 2013— Zhou Qiang 周強 b. 1960 Hubei

Heads of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) Agency’s name in Chinese: zuigao renmin jianchayuan 最高人民檢察院; —jianchazhang 檢察長


1949–1954 Luo Ronghuan 羅榮桓 1902-1963 Hunan

1954–1975 Zhang Dingcheng 張鼎丞 1898-1981 Fujian

1978–1983 Huang Huoqing 黃火青 1900-1999 Hubei

1983–1988 Yang Yichen 楊易辰 1914-1997 Liaoning


1993–1998 Zhang Siqing 張思卿 b. 1932 Henan

1998–2003 Han Zhubin 韓杼濱 b. 1932 Heilongjiang


2008— Cao Jianming 曹建明 b. 1955 Shanghai/Jiangsu

Directors of the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in HKSAR Agency’s name in Chinese: zhongyang renmin zhengfu zhu Xianggang tebie xingzhengqu lianluo bangongshi 中央人民政府

駐香港特別行政區聯絡辦公室; —zhuren 主任




52

2002–2009 Gao Siren 高祀仁 b. 1944 Shandong

2009–2012 Peng Qinghua 彭清華 b. 1957 Hubei

2012— Zhang Xiaoming 張曉明 b. 1945 Jiangsu

The office was established on Jan. 18, 2000 in the course of the reorganization of the “Xinhua News Agency Hong

Kong Branch” (xinhua tongxunshe Xianggang fenshe 新華通訊社香港分社) mentioned above.

Directors of the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in Macao SAR Agency’s name in Chinese: zhongyang renmin zhengfu zhu Aomen tebie xingzhengqu lianluo bangongshi 中央人民政府駐

澳門特別行政區聯絡辦公室; —zhuren 主任


2000–2002 Wang Qiren 王啟人 b. 1941 Shaanxi

2002— Bai Zhijian 白志健 b. 1948 Hubei

The office was established on Jan. 18, 2000. Its official name in Portuguese is “Gabinete de Ligação do Governo

Central na RAEM”.

Presidents of the Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China (SF&OC) Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1950–1953 Sir Arthur Morse 摩士 [Moshi] 1892-1967 <Ireland>

1953–1967 † Kwok Chan 郭贊 [Guo Zan] 1904-1967 Hong Kong/Guangdong

1967–1998 Arnaldo de Oliveira Sales 沙利士 [Shalishi] b. 1920 Guangdong

1998— Timothy T. T. Fok 霍震霆 [Huo Zhenting] b. 1946 Hong Kong

SF&OC (Zhongguo Xianggang tiyu xiehui ji aolinpike weiyuanhui 中國香港體育協會暨奧林匹克委員會, abbrev. Gang

xie ji aoweihui 港協暨奧委會; —huizhang 會長) was established on Nov. 24, 1950 under the name Amateur Athletic

Federation of Hong Kong (Xianggang yeyu tiyu xiehui 香港業餘體育協會, abbrev. Gangxie 港協 in Chinese and

AAFHK in English). In 1951 it was recognized by the IOC and renamed Amateur Sports Federation & Olympic

Committee of Hong Kong (Xianggang yeyu tiyu xiehui ji aolinpike weiyuanhui 香港業餘體育協會暨奧林匹克委員會,

abbrev. ASF&OC). Its current name was adopted on March 8, 1999.

Chairpersons of the Association for Relations across the Taiwan Strait (ARATS) Agency’s name in Chinese: haixia liang’an guanxi xiehui 海峽兩岸關係協會 , abbrev. haixiehui 海協會 ;

—huizhang 會長


1991–2005 † Wang Daohan 汪道涵 1915-2005 Anhui

2008–2013 Chen Yunlin 陳雲林 b. 1941 Liaoning

2013— Chen Deming 陳德銘 b. 1949 Shanghai

Note: ARATS is an organization set up by the PRC government to handle direct contact with agencies of the

Republic of China (Zhonghua minguo 中華民國, abbrev. ROC) in Taiwan, but technically it is not part of the State

Council. Between December 2005 and June 2008 the PRC government left the post of ARATS chairman vacant. In

April 2006, An Min 安民 (b. 1945, from Shaanxi) replaced Sun Yafu 孫亞夫 (b. 1952, from Shandong) as ARATS

deputy chairman.

ARATS secretary-generals Position’s name in Chinese: haixia liang’an guanxi xiehui mishuzhang 海峽兩岸關係協會秘書長


1991–1994 Zou Zhekai 鄒哲開 1946-2011 Fujian

1995–2000 Zhang Jincheng 張金成 b. 1939 Hebei

2000— Li Yafei 李亞飛 b. 1955 Hebei

Presidents of the All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots (ACFTC) Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua quanguo Taiwan tongbao lianyihui 中華全國台灣同胞聯誼會, abbrev. 全國台

聯; —huizhang 會長


1981–1991 Lin Liyun 林麗韞 b. 1933 Taiwan


53

1991–1997 Zhang Kehui 張克輝 b. 1928 Taiwan

1997–2005 Yang Guoqing 楊國慶 b. 1936 Taiwan

2005–2012 Liang Guoyang 梁國揚 b. 1951 Shanghai/Taiwan

2012— Wang Yifu 汪毅夫 b. 1950 Taiwan

The ACFTC is an organization loyal to the PRC, comprising PRC citizens of Taiwanese descent. So far, all of its

presidents also had held posts in major PRC bodies—Lin Liyun had been a CCP member and a delegate in the NPC;

Zhang and Yang were in the CCP as well as in the NPC and the CPPCC; and Liang and Wang were NPC delegates.

OTHER IMPORTANT POSTS IN THE PRC

Chairpersons of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) Federation’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua quanguo zonggonghui 中華全國總工會; —zhuxi 主席


1922–1925 Deng Zhongxia 鄧中夏 1894-1933 Hunan

1925–1926 Lin Weimin 林偉民 1887-1927 Guangdong

1926–1929 † Su Zhaozheng 蘇兆征 1885-1929 Guangdong

1929–1948 † Xiang Ying 項英 1898-1941 Hubei


1953–1958 † Lai Ruoyu 賴若愚 1910-1958 Shanxi

1958–1966 Liu Ningyi 劉寧一 1907-1994 Hebei

1978–1993 Ni Zhifu 倪志福 1933-2013 Shanghai



2013— Li Jianguo 李建國 b. 1946 Shandong

During the Cultural Revolution, the ACFTU was dissolved. The official Chinese title of its first leader Deng

Zhongxia was zongbu zhuren 總部主任, his successors until 1948 used the title weiyuanzhang 委員長, after that the

current title was introduced. Xiang Ying is listed as ACFTU leader through 1948 although he died in 1941. Between

1948 and 1957, Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 (1898-1969, Hunan) was listed as honorary chairman (mingyu zhuxi 名譽主席).

Chairwomen of the All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) Organization’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua quanguo funü lianhehui 中華全國婦女聯合會, abbrev. quanguo fulian 全

國婦聯; —zhuxi 主席


1949–1978 Cai Chang 蔡暢 1900-1990 Hunan

1978–1988 Kang Keqing 康克清 1911-1992 Jiangxi


1998–2003 Peng Peiyun 彭珮雲 b. 1929 Hunan

2003–2008 Gu Xiulian 顧秀蓮 b. 1936 Jiangsu

2008–2013 Chen Zhili 陳至立 b. 1942 Fujian

2013— Shen Yueyue 沈躍躍 b. 1957 Zhejiang

The ACWF Executive Committee (quanguo fulian zhixing weiyuanhui 全國婦聯執行委員會) is elected by the China

National Women’s Congress (Zhongguo funü quanguo daibiao dahui中國婦女全國代表大會) which convenes in Beijing.

China national women’s congresses—an overview No. Year, date No. Year, date No. Year, date I 1949, March 24—April 3 V 1983, Sept. 2–11 IX 2003, Aug. 22–26

II 1953, April 15–23 VI 1988, Sept. 1–6 X 2008, Oct. 28–31

III 1957, Sept. 9–21 VII 1993, Sept. 1–6 XI 2013, Oct. 28–31

IV 1978, Sept. 8–17 VIII 1998, Aug. 31—Sept. 5

Chairpersons of the All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese (AFROC) Organization’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua quanguo guiguo huaqiao lianhehui 中華全國歸國華僑聯合會; —zhuxi

主席


54


1956–1961 † Tan Kah Kee 陳嘉庚 [Chen Jiageng] 1874-1961 Fujian

1978–1984 Zhuang Xiquan 莊希泉 1888-1988 Fujian

1984–1989 Zhang Guoji 張國基 1894-1992 Hunan

1989–1994 Zhuang Yanlin 莊炎林 b. 1921 Shanghai

1994–1999 Yang Taifang 楊泰芳 1927-2012 Guangdong

1999–2008 Lin Zhaoshu 林兆樞 b. 1940 Fujian

2008— Lin Jun 林軍 b. 1949 Fujian

AFROC national congresses—an overview No. Year, date No. Year, date No. Year, date I 1956, Oct. 5–12 IV 1989, Dec. 18–22 VII 2004, July 20–23

II 1978, Dec. 17–28 V 1994, June 14–18 VIII 2009, July 14–17

III 1984, April 11–16 VI 1999, July 12–15 IX 2013, Dec. 2–5

The National Congress of Returned Overseas Chinese (quanguo guiguo huaqiao daibiao dahui 全國歸國華僑代表大會

or quanguo guiqiao qiaojuan daibiao dahui 全國歸僑僑眷代表大會) convenes in Beijing.

General-managers of the China Railway Corporation Corporation’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo tielu zonggongsi 中國鐵路總公司; —zongjingli 總經理


2013— Sheng Guangzu 盛光祖 b. 1949 Jiangsu

The state-run China Railway Corporation was officially established on March 17, 2013. It took over the commercial

functions of the disbanded MOR, including railway construction and the management of services, and is responsible

for railway transportation dispatch and command, freight and passenger transport business management.

Directors of the Palace Museum (Forbidden City) in Beijing Agency’s name in Chinese: gugong bowuyuan 故宮博物院; —yuanzhang 院長


1934–1952 Ma Heng 馬衡 1881-1955 Zhejiang

1954–1984 Wu Zhongchao 吳仲超 1902-1984 Jiangsu

1987–1991 Zhang Zhongpei 張忠培 b. 1934 Hunan

2002–2012 Zheng Xinmiao 鄭欣淼 b. 1947 Shaanxi

2012— Shan Jixiang 單霽翔 b. 1954 Beijing/Jiangsu

For directors of the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City (zijincheng 紫禁城) prior to the establishment of the PRC,

please refer to the file of politicians in Taiwan/ROC.

SELECTED DIPLOMATS FROM AND TO THE PRC

This section lists PRC diplomats to the UN as well as to major countries like the four victorious powers of WWII

(US, USSR, UK, and France), Japan and the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa). Furthermore,

the envoys of these countries in the PRC are shown.

PRC ambassadors to the United Nations (UN) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo changzhu lianheguo daibiao 中國常駐聯合國代表


1971–1976 Huang Hua 黃華 1913-2010 Hebei

1976–1980 Chen Chu 陳楚 1917-1999 Shandong

1980–1985 Ling Qing 凌青 b. 1923 Beijing

1985–1990 Li Luye 李鹿野 b. 1925 Beijing

1990–1993 Li Daoyu 李道豫 b. 1932 Anhui


1995–2000 Qin Huasun 秦華孫 b. 1935 Jiangsu

2000–2003 Wang Yingfan 王英凡 b. 1942 Inner Mongolia


55

2003–2008 Wang Guangya 王光亞 b. 1950 Jiangsu

2008–2010 Zhang Yesui 張業遂 b. 1953 Hubei

2010— Li Baodong 李保東 b. 1955 Beijing

The PRC became a full member of the UN on Oct. 25, 1971 after the UN General Assembly passed Resolution No.

2758 (“Restoration of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations”).

PRC ambassadors to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo changzhu shijie maoyi zizhi daibiao, teming quanquan dashi中國常駐

世界貿易組織代表、特命全權大使


2002–2010 Sun Zhenyu 孫振宇 b. 1946 Hebei

2010–2013 Yi Xiaozhun 易小准 b. 1951 Hunan

2013— Yu Jianhua 俞建華 b. 1961 Jiangsu

The PRC became a WTO member on Jan. 1, 2002.

PRC ambassadors to the European Union (EU) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Oumeng shituan tuanzhang, teming quanquan

dashi 中華人民共和國駐歐盟使團團長、特命全權大使


1992 Xia Daosheng 夏道生 b. 1932 Hubei

1992–1997 Ding Yuanhong 丁原洪 b. 1931 Shandong

1997–2001 Song Mingjiang 宋明江 b. 1939 Tianjin

2001–2008 Guan Chengyuan 關呈遠 b. 1945 Heilongjiang

2008–2012 Song Zhe 宋哲 b. 1960 N/A

2012–2014 Wu Hailong 吳海龍 b. 1955 Inner Mongolia

2014— Yang Yanyi 楊燕怡 b. 1955 Zhejiang

Between 1992 and 2005, the PRC’s ambassador to Belgium was concurrently PRC ambassador to the EU.

EU ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese

2005–2011 Serge Abou (b. 1946, France) 賽日˙安博 Sairi Anbo

2011— Markus Ederer (b. 1957, Germany) 艾德和 Aidehe

An alternative official title is “head of delegation of the European Union to the People’s Republic of China”.

PRC ambassadors to the United States of America (USA) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Meilijian hezhongguo teming quanquan dashi 中

華人民共和國駐美利堅合眾國特命全權大使



1978–1982 Chai Zemin 柴澤民 1916-2010 Shanxi

1983–1985 Zhang Wenjin 章文晉 1917-1991 Zhejiang

1985–1989 Han Xu 韓敘 1924-1994 Jiangsu

1989–1993 Zhu Qizhen 朱啟禎 b. 1927 Jiangsu

1993–1998 Li Daoyu 李道豫 b. 1932 Anhui


2001–2005 Yang Jiechi 楊潔篪 b. 1950 Shanghai

2005–2010 Zhou Wenzhong 周文重 b. 1945 Jiangsu

2010–2013 Zhang Yesui 張業遂 b. 1953 Hubei

2013— Cui Tiankai 崔天凱 b. 1952 Shanghai

Before its upgrade to embassy in early 1979, the agency was called “Liaison Office of the PRC in the US” (Zhonghua

renmin gongheguo zhu Meiguo lianluochu 中華人民共和國駐美國聯絡處; —zhuren 主任).


56

US representatives/ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese

1973–1974 David K. E. Bruce (1898-1977) 大衛˙布魯斯 Dawei Bulusi

1974–1975 George H. W. Bush (b. 1924) 喬治˙布希 Qiaozhi Buxi

1976–1977 Thomas S. Gates, Jr. (1906-1983) 湯瑪斯˙蓋茨 Tangmasi Gaici

1977–1981 Leonard Woodcock (1911-2001) 倫納德˙伍德科克 Lunnade Wudekeke

1981–1985 Arthur W. Hummel, Jr. (1920-2001) 恒安石 Heng Anshi

1985–1989 Winston Lord (b. 1937) 溫斯頓˙洛德 Wensidun Luode

1989–1991 James Lilley (1928-2009) 李潔明 Li Jieming

1991–1995 J. Stapleton Roy (b. 1935) 芮效儉 Rui Xiaojian

1996–1999 Jim Sasser (b. 1936) 尚慕傑 Shang Mujie

1999–2001 Joseph Prueher (b. 1942) 普理赫 Pulihe

2001–2009 Clark T. Randt, Jr. (b. 1945) 雷德 Lei De

2009–2011 Jon M. Huntsman, Jr. (b. 1960) 洪博培 Hong Bopei

2011–2014 Gary Locke (b. 1950) 駱家輝 Lu Jiahui

2014— Max Baucus (b. 1941) 麥克斯˙鮑克斯 Maikesi Baokesi

Following US President Richard Nixon’s visit in the PRC (Feb. 21–28, 1972), the US opened a Liaison Office (lianluo-

chu 聯絡處) in Beijing in May 1973 which was upgraded to embassy on March 1, 1979. Formal diplomatic relations

between the PRC and the US were established on Jan. 1, 1979.

PRC ambassadors in the Soviet Union/Russia Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Sulian dashi 中華人民共和國駐蘇聯大使

/ Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Eluosi lianbang dashi 中華人民共和國駐俄羅斯聯邦大使


1949–1951 Wang Jiaxiang 王稼祥 1906-1974 Anhui

1951–1955 Zhang Wentian 張聞天 1900-1976 Jiangsu

1955–1962 Liu Xiao 劉曉 1908-1988 Hunan

1962–1966 Pan Zili 潘自力 1904-1972 Shaanxi

1970–1976 Liu Xinquan 劉新權 1916-1994 Sichuan

1977–1979 Wang Youping 王幼平 1910-1995 Shandong

1980–1985 Yang Shouzheng 楊守正 b. 1915 Zhejiang

1985–1987 Li Ziwang 李則望 1920-1993 Shanxi

1988–1991 Yu Hongliang 于洪亮 b. 1927 Shandong

1991–1995 Wang Jinqing 王藎卿 1929-2010 Heilongjiang

1995–1998 Li Fenglin 李鳳林 b. 1935 Jilin

1998–2001 Wu Tao 武韜 b. 1940 Beijing

2001–2003 Zhang Deguang 張德廣 b. 1941 Shandong

2003–2009 Liu Guchang 劉古昌 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2009— Li Hui 李輝 b. 1953 Heilongjiang

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and the Soviet Union (= Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, abbrev. USSR)

were established on Oct. 3, 1949. The USSR was dissolved on Dec. 25, 1991, and the Russian Federation as

successor of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) subsequently assumed the USSR’s rights and

obligations.

Soviet/Russian ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese (characters only)

1949–1952 Nikolay V. Roschin (1901-1960) 尼古拉˙瓦西裡耶維奇˙羅申

1952–1953 Aleksandr S. Panyushkin (1905-1974) 潘友新

1953 Vasili V. Kuznetsov (1901-1990) 瓦西裡˙瓦西裡耶維奇˙庫茲涅佐夫

1953–1959 Paul F. Yudin (1899-1968) 帕維爾˙費奧多羅維奇˙尤金

1959–1965 Stepan V. Chervonenko (1915-2003) 斯捷潘˙瓦西裡耶維奇˙契爾沃年科

1965–1967 Sergey G. Lapin (1912-1990) 謝爾蓋˙格奧爾基耶維奇˙拉賓

1970–1978 Vasily S. Tolstikov (1917-2003) 瓦西裡˙謝爾蓋耶維奇˙托爾斯季科夫

1978–1986 Ilya S. Shcherbakov (1912-1996) 伊利亞˙謝爾蓋耶維奇˙謝爾巴科夫


57

1986–1990 Oleg A. Troyanovsky (1919-2003) 奧列格˙亞歷山大洛維奇˙特羅揚諾夫斯基

1990–1992 Nikolai N. Solovyov (1931-1998) 尼古拉˙尼古拉耶維奇˙索洛維約夫

1992–2005 Igor A. Rogachev (1932-2012) 羅高夀

2005–2013 Sergey S. Razov (b. 1953) 謝爾蓋˙謝爾蓋耶維奇˙拉佐夫

2013— Andrey I. Denisov (b. 1952) 安德烈˙杰尼索夫

PRC ambassadors in the United Kingdom (UK) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Yingguo dashi 中華人民共和國駐英國大

使


1954–1962 Huan Xiang 宦鄉 1910-1989 Guizhou

1962–1967 Xiong Xianghui 熊向暉 1919-2005 Anhui

1967–1972 Shen Ping 沈平 1919-1988 Zhejiang

1972–1977 Song Zhiguang 宋之光 1916-2005 Guangdong

1978–1983 Ke Hua 柯華 b. 1915 Guangdong

1983–1985 Chen Zhaoyuan 陳肇源 b. 1918 Guangdong

1985–1987 Hu Dingyi 胡定一 b. 1921 Chongqing

1987–1991 Ji Chaozhu 冀朝鑄 b. 1929 Shanxi

1991–1995 Ma Yuzhen 馬毓真 b. 1934 Shandong


1997–2002 Ma Zhen’gang 馬振崗 b. 1940 Shandong

2002–2007 Cha Peixin 查培新 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2007–2010 Fu Ying 傅瑩 b. 1953 Inner Mongolia

2010— Liu Xiaoming 劉曉明 b. 1956 Guangdong

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and the United Kingdom (UK) were established on June 17, 1954 and up-

graded to ambassadorial level on March 13, 1972.

British representatives/ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese

1950–1953 Sir John Colville Hutchinson (1890-1965) 胡階森爵士 Hujiesen jueshi

1953–1955 Sir Humphrey Trevelyan (1905-1985) 杜維廉爵士 Duweilian jueshi

1955–1957 Sir Con O'Neill (1912-1988) 歐念儒爵士 Ounianru jueshi

1957–1959 Sir Duncan Wilson (1911-1983) 文郁生爵士 Wenyusheng jueshi

1959–1962 Sir Michael Stewart (1906-1990) 施棣華爵士 Shidihua jueshi

1962–1965 Sir Terence Garvey (1915-1986) 賈維爵士 Jiawei jueshi

1965–1968 Sir Donald Hopson (1915-1974) 霍普森爵士 Huopusen jueshi

1968–1969 Sir Percy Cradock (1923-2010) 柯利達爵士 Kelida jueshi

1969–1971 John Denson (N/A) 譚森 Tansen

1971–1974 Sir John Addis (1914-1983) 艾惕思爵士 Aitisi jueshi

1974–1978 Sir Edward Youde (1924-1986) 尤德爵士 Youde jueshi

1978–1984 Sir Percy Cradock (second time)

1984–1988 Sir Richard Mark Evans (1928-2012) 伊文思爵士 Yiwensi jueshi

1988–1991 Sir Alan Ewen Donald (b. 1931) 唐納德爵士 Tangnade jueshi

1991–1994 Sir Robin McLaren (1934-2010) 麥若彬爵士 Mairuobin jueshi

1994–1997 Sir Leonard Appleyard (b. 1938) 艾博雅爵士 Aiboya jueshi

1997–2002 Sir Anthony Galsworthy (b. 1944) 高德年爵士 Gaodenian jueshi

2002–2006 Sir Christopher Hum (b. 1946) 韓魁發爵士 Han Kuifa jueshi

2006–2010 Sir William Ehrman (b. 1950) 歐威廉爵士 Ouweilian jueshi

2010— James Sebastian Lamin Wood (b. 1961) 吳思田 Wu Sitian

PRC ambassadors in France Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Faguo dashi 中華人民共和國駐法國大使




58


1977–1980 Han Kehua 韓克華 b. 1919 Henan

1980–1982 Yao Guang 姚廣 1921-2003 Shanxi

1983–1986 Cao Keqiang 曹克強 b. 1921 Shanxi

1986–1990 Zhou Jue 周覺 b. 1927 Hunan

1990–1998 Cai Fangbo 蔡方柏 b. 1936 Hubei

1998–2003 Wu Jianmin 吳建民 b. 1939 Chongqing

2003–2008 Zhao Jinjun 趙進軍 b. 1945 Shandong

2008–2014 Kong Quan 孔泉 b. 1955 Guangdong

2014— Zhai Jun 翟隽 b. 1954 Hebei

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and France were established on Jan. 27, 1964.

French ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese (characters only)

1964–1969 Lucien Paye (1907-1972) 呂西安˙貝耶

1969–1975 É tienne Manac'h (1910-1992) 艾蒂安˙馬納克

1975–1979 Claude Arnaud 克勞德˙阿諾

1979–1982 Claude Chayet 克勞德˙沙耶

1982–1986 Charles Malo 馬樂

1986–1989 Michel Combal (b. 1927) 蜜雪兒˙孔巴爾

1989–1990 Charles Malo (second time)

1990–1993 Claude Martin 馬騰

1993–1996 François-Marcel Plaisant 弗朗索瓦˙馬塞爾˙普萊桑

1996–2002 Pierre Morel 毛磊

2002–2004 Jean-Pierre Lafon (b. 1941) 藍峰

2004–2006 Philippe Guelluy 高毅

2006–2010 Hervé Ladsous (b. 1950) 蘇和

2010— Sylvie-Agnès Bermann (b. 1953) 白林

PRC ambassadors in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Deyizhi lianbang gonghehguo dashi 中華人民

共和國駐德意志聯邦共和國大使


1973–1974 Wang Yutian 王雨田 1914-1977 Henan

1974–1976 Wang Shu 王殊 b. 1924 Jiangsu

1977–1982 Zhang Tong 張彤 b. 1919 N/A

1983–1985 An Zhiyuan 安致遠 1921-1987 Shaanxi

1985–1988 Guo Fengmin 郭豐民 b. 1930 Shanghai/Guangdong

1988–1997 Mei Zhaorong 梅兆榮 b. 1934 Jiangsu

1997–2001 Lu Qiutian 盧秋田 b. 1936 Zhejiang

2002–2009 Ma Canrong 馬燦榮 b. 1945 Jiangsu

2009-2012 Wu Hongbo 吳紅波 b. 1952 Shandong

2012— Shi Mingde 史明德 b. 1954 Shanghai

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and the FRG (also known as “West Germany” before Oct. 3, 1990) were

established on Oct. 11, 1972. Since East Germany formally joined the FRG on Oct. 3, 1990, the FRG has been

representing the whole unified Germany, while the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist as an in-

dependent state.

PRC ambassadors in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Deyizhi minzhu gonghehguo dashi 中華人民共

和國駐德意志民主共和國大使



1955–1956 Zeng Yongquan 曾湧泉 1902-1996 Sichuan


59

1956–1964 Wang Guoquan 王國權 1911-2004 Henan

1964–1969 Zhang Haifeng 張海峰 1910-2003 Hebei


1972–1977 Peng Guangwei 彭光偉 b. 1917 Sichuan

1978–1982 Chen Dong 陳東 1914-2011 Hebei

1982–1984 Li Qiangfen 李強奮 b. 1917 Shaanxi

1984–1988 Ma Xusheng 馬敘生 b. 1927 Shandong

1988–1990 Zhang Dake 張大可 b. 1931 Heilongjiang

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and the GDR (also known as “East Germany” before Oct. 3, 1990) were

established on Oct. 27, 1949.

FRG ambassadors in the PRC since 1972 GDR ambassadors in the PRC 1950–1990 Tenure Name (born/died) Tenure Name (born/died)

1972–1973 Heinrich Carl Franz Röhreke (1910-2001) 1950–1955 Johannes König (1903-1966)

1973–1976 Rolf Friedemann Pauls (1915-2002) 1955–1958 Richard Gyptner (1901-1972)

1976–1980 Erwin Wickert (1915-2008) 1958–1961 Paul Wandel (1905-1995)

1980–1987 Per Fischer (1923-1999) 1961–1964 Josef Hegen (1907-1969)

1987–1992 Hannspeter Hellbeck (b. 1927) 1964–1966 Günter Kohrt (1912-1982)

1992–1995 Armin Freitag (b. 1929) 1966–1969 Martin Bierbach (1926-1984)

1995–1999 Konrad Seitz (b. 1934) 1969–1973 Gustav Hertzfeldt (1928-2005)

1999–2001 Hans-Christian Ueberschaer (b. 1936) 1973–1976 Johann Wittik (b. 1923)

2001–2004 Joachim Broudré-Gröger (b. 1944) 1976–1982 Helmut Liebermann (b. 1923)

2004–2007 Volker Stanzel (b. 1948) 1982–1990 Rolf Berthold (b. 1938)

2007–2013 Michael Schaefer (b. 1949)

2013— Michael Clauss (b. 1961)

PRC ambassadors in Japan Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Ribenguo teming quanquan dashi 中華人民共

和國駐日本國特命全權大使


1973–1976 Chen Chu 陳楚 1917-1999 Shandong

1977–1981 Fu Hao 符浩 b. 1916 Shaanxi


1985–1988 Zhang Shu 章曙 1925-1998 Shandong

1988–1993 Yang Zhenya 楊振亞 b. 1928 Liaoning

1993–1998 Xu Dunxin 徐敦信 b. 1934 Jiangsu

1998–2001 Chen Jian 陳健 b. 1942 Jiangsu

2001–2004 Wu Dawei 武大偉 b. 1946 Heilongjiang

2004–2007 Wang Yi 王毅 b. 1953 Beijing

2007–2010 Cui Tiankai 崔天凯 b. 1952 Shanghai

2010— Yong Chenghua 程永華 b. 1954 Jilin

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and Japan were established on Sept. 29, 1972.

Japanese ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Pronunciation of name in Hanyu Pinyin

1973–1977 Ogawa Heishiro 小川平四郎 (1916-1997) Xiaocuan Pingsilang

1977–1979 Sato Shoji 佐藤正二 (b./d. N/A) Zuoteng Zheng’er

1979–1981 Yoshida Kenzo 吉田健三 (b./d. N/A) Jitian Jiansan

1981–1984 Katori Yasue 鹿取泰衛 (b. 1921) Luqu Taiwei

1984–1987 Nakae Yosuke 中江要介 (b. 1922) Zhongjiang Yaojie

1987–1989 Nakajima Toshijiro 中島敏次郎 (b. 1925) Zhongdao Mincilang

1989–1992 Hashimoto Hiroshi 橋本恕 (b. 1926) Qiaoben Shu

1992–1995 Kunihiro Michihiko 國廣道彥 (b. 1932) Guohuang Daoyan

1995–1998 Sato Yoshiyasu 佐藤嘉恭 (b. 1934) Zuoteng Jiagong


60

1998–2001 Sakutaro Tanino 谷野作太郎 (b. 1936) Guye Zuotailang

2001–2005 Koreshige Anami 阿南惟茂 (b. 1941) A’nan Weimao

2006–2010 Yuji Miyamoto 宮本雄二 (b. 1946) Gongben Xiong’er

2010–2012 Uichiro Niwa 丹羽宇一郎 (b. 1939) Danyu Yuyilang

2012— Masato Kitera 木寺昌人 (b. 1952) Musi Changren

PRC ambassadors in Brazil Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Baxi lianbang gongheguo dashi 中華人民共和

國駐巴西聯邦共和國大使


1975–1982 Zhang Dequn 張德群 b. 1914 Henan

1982–1985 Xu Zhongfu 徐中夫 b. 1916 Shandong

1985–1988 Tao Dazhao 陶大釗 b. 1928 Jiangsu

1988–1993 Shen Yun’ao 沈允熬 b. 1937 Zhejiang

1994–1995 Yuan Tao 原燾 b. 1937 Shanxi

1996–2000 Li Guoxin 李國新 N/A N/A

2000–2002 Wan Yongxiang 萬永祥 b. 1944 Henan

2002–2006 Jiang Yuande 蔣元德 N/A N/A

2006–2009 Chen Duqing 陳篤慶 b. 1947 Jiangsu

2009–2011 Qiu Xiaoqi 邱小琪 b. 1956 Guangxi

2012— Li Jinzhang 李金章 b. 1954 Hebei

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and Brazil were established on Aug. 15, 1974.

Brazilian ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese (characters only)

1975–1981 Aluizio Napoleão de Freitas Rêgo (1914-2006) N/A

1982–1986 Ítalo Zappa (1926-1997) 伊塔洛˙紮帕

1986–1988 Paulo da Costa Franco N/A

1989–1993 Roberto Pinto Ferreira Mameri Abdenur (b. 1942) 羅伯托˙阿布德努爾

1994–1996 João Augusto de Médicis (b. 1936) 若昂˙奧古斯托˙德梅迪西斯

1997–1999 Sergio de Queiroz Duarte (b. 1934) 塞爾吉奧˙杜阿爾特

1999–2004 Affonso Celso de Ouro-Preto 阿豐索˙塞爾索˙德˙歐羅˙普雷托

2004–2008 Luiz Augusto de Castro Neves (b. 1943) 路易士˙內維斯

2008–2013 Clodoaldo Hugueney Filho (b. 1943) 胡格内

2013— Valdemar Carneiro Leão Neto N/A

PRC ambassadors in India Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Yindu gongheguo dashi 中華人民共和國駐

印度共和國大使


1950–1956 Yuan Zhongxian 袁仲賢 1904-1957 Hunan

1956–1962 Pan Zili 潘自力 1904-1972 Shaanxi

1962 Ye Chengzhang 葉成章 N/A Hebei

1962–1969 Chen Zhaoyuan 陳肇源 b. 1918 Guangdong

1969–1970 Huang Mingda 黃明達 N/A Guangdong

1971–1972 Liu Fangpu 劉芳圃 b. 1927 Shandong

1972–1976 Ma Muming 馬牧鳴 b. 1913, d. N/A Tianjin

1976–1979 Chen Zhaoyuan (second time)

1980–1984 Shen Jian 申健 1915-1992 Hebei

1984–1987 Li Lianqing 李連慶 b. 1925 Jiangsu

1987–1991 Tu Guowei 屠國維 b. 1928 Jiangsu

1991–1994 Cheng Ruisheng 程瑞聲 b. 1934 Anhui

1995–1998 Pei Yuanying 裴遠穎 b. 1935 Jiangxi

1998–2001 Zhou Gang 周剛 b. 1937 Jiangsu


61

2001–2004 Hua Junduo 華君鐸 b. 1942 Jiangsu

2005–2007 Sun Yuxi 孫玉璽 b. 1951 Heilongjiang

2008–2012 Zhang Yan 張炎 b. 1950 Zhejiang

2013— Wei Wei 魏葦 b. 1956 Beijing

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and India were established on April 1, 1950.

Indian ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese (characters only)

1950–1952 Kavalam Madhava Panikkar (1895-1963) 潘尼迦

1952–1955 Nedyam Raghavan 賴嘉文

1955–1958 Ratan Kumar Nehru (1902-1981) 拉˙庫˙尼赫魯

1958–1961 G. Parthasarathy 高˙帕塔薩拉蒂

1961–1963 P. K. Banerjee (1917-2003) 班納吉

1963–1966 Jagat Singh Mehta (b. 1922) 賈伽特˙辛格˙梅達

1966–1969 Ramachandra Dattatraya Sathe 拉姆昌德拉˙達塔特拉亞˙沙梯

1969–1972 Brajesh Mishra (1928-2012) 布拉傑什˙米希拉

1976–1978 Kocheril Raman Narayanan (1920-2005) 科切里爾˙拉曼˙納拉亞南

1978–1979 Ramachandra Dattatraya Sathe (second time)

1980–1982 K. Shankar Bajpai 卡亞特亞尼˙尚卡爾˙巴傑帕伊

1982–1985 A. P. Venkateswaran 阿伊蘭姆˙潘查巴凱薩˙文卡特斯瓦蘭

1985–1987 K. P. S. Menon, Jr. 梅農

1987–1991 C.V. Ranganathan 任嘉德

1991–1993 Salman Haidar 薩爾曼˙海達爾

1993–1996 Chandrashekhar Dasgupta 錢德拉謝卡爾˙達斯古普塔

1996–2000 Vijay K. Nambiar (b. 1943) 南威哲

2000–2003 Shiv Shankar Menon (b. 1949) 希夫尚卡爾˙梅農

2003–2006 Nalin Surie (b. 1951) 蘇理寧

2006–2009 Nirupama Menon Rao (b. 1950) 拉奧琦

2009–2013 Subrahmanyam Jaishankar (b. 1955) 蘇傑生

2014— Ashok Kumar Kantha (b. 1955) 康特

Note: Except for Chinese Wikipedia there is no complete list available online about India’s ambassadors in the PRC,

hence a satisfactory verification of above list was not possible. This list is therefore presented here with reservation.

PRC ambassadors in South Africa Position’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo zhu Nanfei dashi中華人民共和國駐南非大使


1998–2001 Wang Xuexian 王學賢 b. 1939 Shandong

2001–2007 Liu Guijin 劉貴今 b. 1945 Shandong

2007–2012 Zhong Jianhua 鐘建華 b. 1950 Jiangsu

2012— Tian Xuejun 田學軍 b. 1962 N/A

Diplomatic relations between the PRC and South Africa were established on Jan. 1, 1998.

South African ambassadors in the PRC Tenure Name (born/died) Name in Chinese

1998–2001 Chris Ndodebandla Dlamini (1944-2009) 戴克瑞 Daikerui

2001–2006 Themba Mn Kubheka 顧坦博 Gutanbo

2006–2010 Ndumiso Ndima Ntshinga 倪清閣 Niqingge

2010— Bheki Winston Joshua Langa (b. 1952) 貝基˙蘭加 Beiji Lanjia

Note: There is no complete list available online about South Africa’s ambassadors in the PRC, hence a satisfactory

verification of above list was not possible. This list is therefore presented here with reservation.


62

4. Political parties in the PRC

TOP OFFICIALS OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY (CCP)

Heads of the CCP Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1921–1927 Chen Duxiu 陳獨秀 1879-1942 Anhui

1927–1928 Qu Qiubai 瞿秋白 1899-1935 Jiangsu

1928–1931 † Xiang Zhongfa 向忠發 1880-1931 Hubei

1931–1932 Wang Ming 王明 1907-1974 Anhui

1932–1935 Bo Gu 博古 1907-1946 Jiangsu

[1935-1943 Zhang Wentian 張聞天 = Luo Fu 洛甫 1900-1976 Jiangsu]

1935–1976 † Mao Zedong 毛澤東 1893-1976 Hunan


1981–1987 Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦 1915-1989 Hunan





Note: The Chinese Communist Party (Zhongguo gongchandang 中國共産黨, abbrev. Zhonggong 中共 in Chinese and

CCP in English) was established in July 1921. Between 1921 and 1935, the most powerful position in the CCP was

that of the general secretary (zongshuji 總書記). The last general secretary before the establishment of the PRC was

Zhang Wentian, an ally of Mao Zedong, who formally held the position from 1935 to 1943. However, after the Zun-

yi conference (Zunyi huiyi遵義會議) in January 1935 on the Long March (changzheng長征) Mao emerged as chairman

(zhuxi 主席) of the CCP politburo (Zhonggong zhongyang zhengzhiju 中共中央政治局), and as such remained No. 1 in

the party hierarchy until his death in 1976. Since 1982 the official title of the CCP head is “General-secretary of the

CCP Central Committee” (Zhongguo gongchandang zhongyang weiyuanhui zongshuji 中國共産黨中央委員會總書記).

The CCP Politburo since 1945 Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang zhengzhiju 中共中央政治局

★ A highly powerful core unit within the CCP Politburo is the the CCP Politburo’s Standing Committee (zhengzhiju

changwu weiyuanhui 政治局常務委員會) which was first established in 1956.

In the following list “SC” and names highlighted with bold letters indicate members of the CCP Politburo’s

Standing Committee; for the 7th Politburo the highlighted names represent the members of the “Party

Secretariat” (zhonggong zhongyang shujichu shuji 中共中央書記處書記). Besides, the CCP Politburo includes

members (weiyuan 委員) and alternate members (houbu weiyuan 候補委員).

7th Politburo (1945–1956): Thirteen members [5 SC]—Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu), Dong Biwu 董必武

(1886-1975, Hubei), Gao Gang高崗 (1905-1954, Shaanxi), Kang Sheng康生 (1898-1975, Shandong), Lin Boqu

林伯渠 (1886-1960, Hunan), Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 (1898-1969, Hunan), Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976,

Hunan), Peng Dehuai 彭德懷 (1898-1974, Hunan), Peng Zhen 彭真 (1902-1997, Shanxi), Ren Bishi 任弼時

(1904-1950, Hunan), Zhang Wentian 張聞天 (1900-1976, Jiangsu), Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang),

and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan). [After his death, Ren Bishi’s place in the Party Secretariat was taken by

Chen Yun.]

There were no alternate members, but Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei) and Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平

(1904-1997, Sichuan) were admitted in April 1955.

8th Politburo (1956–1969): Twenty-three members [7 SC]—Chen Boda 陳伯達 (1904-1989, Fujian), Chen Yi 陳毅

(1901-1972, Sichuan), Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan),

Dong Biwu 董必武 (1886-1975, Hubei), He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Kang Sheng 康生 (1898-1975,

Shandong), Ke Qingshi 柯慶施 (1902-1965, Anhui), Li Fuchun 李富春 (1900-1975, Hunan), Li Jingquan 李井

泉 (1909-1989, Jiangxi), Li Xiannian李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Lin Biao林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Lin Boqu


63

林伯渠 (1886-1960, Hunan), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 (1898-1969,

Hunan), Luo Ronghuan 羅榮桓 (1902-1963, Hunan), Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan), Nie Rong-

zhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Peng Dehuai 彭德懷 (1898-1974, Hunan), Peng Zhen 彭真 (1902-1997,

Shanxi), Tan Zhenlin 譚震林 (1902-1983, Hunan), Tao Zhu 陶鑄 (1908-1969, Hunan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前

(1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong), Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang),

and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan). [Lin Biao became a member of the Standing Committee in May 1958.]

Eight alternate members—Bo Yibo薄一波 (1908-2007, Shanxi), Chen Boda陳伯達 (1904-1989, Fujian), Li

Xuefeng 李雪峰 (1907-2003, Shanxi), Lu Dingyi 陸定一 (1906-1996, Jiangsu), Song Renqiong 宋任窮

(1909-2005, Hunan), Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] (1906-1988, Inner Mongolia), Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 (1909-1972,

Hubei), and Zhang Wentian 張聞天 (1900-1976, Jiangsu). [Chen Boda became a full member in August 1966.]

9th Politburo (1969–1973): Twenty-one members [5 SC]—Chen Boda陳伯達 (1904-1989, Fujian), Chen Xilian陳錫

聯 (1915-1999, Hubei), Dong Biwu董必武 (1886-1975, Hubei), Huang Yongsheng黃永勝 (1910-1983, Hubei),

Jiang Qing 江青 (1914-1991, Shandong), Kang Sheng 康生 (1898-1975, Shandong), Li Xiannian 李先念

(1909-1992, Hubei), Li Zuopeng 李作鵬 (1914-2009, Jiangxi), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng

劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan), Qiu Huizuo 邱會作 (1914-2002,

Jiangxi), Wu Faxian 吳法憲 (1915-2004, Jiangxi), Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 (1909-1972, Hubei), Xu Shiyou 許世友

(1905-1985, Henan), Yao Wenyuan 姚文元 (1931-2005, Zhejiang), Ye Qun 葉群 (1917-1971, Fujian), Ye Jian-

ying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong), Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005, Shandong), Zhou Enlai 周恩來

(1898-1976, Zhejiang), and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan).

Four alternate members—Ji Dengkui 紀登奎 (1923-1988, Shanxi), Li Desheng 李德生 (1916-2011, Henan),

Li Xuefeng 李雪峰 (1907-2003, Shanxi), and Wang Dongxing 汪東興 (b. 1916, Jiangxi).

10th Politburo (1973–1977): Twenty-one members [9 SC]—Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999, Hubei), Chen Yonggui

陳永貴 (1914-1986, Shanxi), Dong Biwu董必武 (1886-1975, Hubei), Ji Dengkui紀登奎 (1923-1988, Shanxi),

Jiang Qing 江青 (1914-1991, Shandong), Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008, Shanxi), Kang Sheng 康生

(1898-1975, Shandong), Li Desheng李德生 (1916-2011, Henan), Li Xiannian李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Liu

Bocheng劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Mao Zedong毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan), Wang Dongxing汪東興 (b.

1916, Jiangxi), Wang Hongwen 王洪文 (1935-1992, Jilin), Wei Guoqing 韋國清 (1913-1989, Guangxi), Wu

De 吳德 (1913-1995, Hebei), Xu Shiyou 許世友 (1905-1985, Henan), Yao Wenyuan 姚文元 (1931-2005, Zhe-

jiang), Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong), Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005, Shandong),

Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang), and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan). [Five of the members

died in office: Dong Biwu, Kang Sheng, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Zhu De. Li Desheng resigned from the

Politburo in January 1975, Hua Guofeng became a member of the Politburo and its Standing Committee in April

1976.]

Four alternate members—Wu Guixian 吳桂賢 (b. 1938, Henan), Su Zhenhua 蘇振華 (1912-1979, Hunan),

Ni Zhifu 倪志福 (1933-2013, Shanghai), and Seypidin Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜 [Saifuding Aizezi] (1915-2003,

Xinjiang).

11th Politburo (1977–1982): Twenty-three members [5 SC]—Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999, Hubei), Chen Yonggui

陳永貴 (1914-1986, Shanxi), Deng Xiaoping鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Fang Yi方毅 (1916-1997, Fujian),

Geng Biao 耿飈 (1909-2000, Hunan), Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008, Shanxi), Ji Dengkui 紀登奎

(1923-1988, Shanxi), Li Desheng 李德生 (1916-2011, Henan), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Liu

Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Ni Zhifu 倪志福 (1933-2013, Shanghai), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻

(1899-1992, Sichuan), Peng Chong 彭沖 (1915-2010, Fujian), Su Zhenhua 蘇振華 (1912-1979, Hunan), Ulanhu

烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] (1906-1988, Inner Mongolia), Wang Dongxing 汪東興 (b. 1916, Jiangxi), Wei Guoqing 韋

國清 (1913-1989, Guangxi), Wu De 吳德 (1913-1995, Hebei), Xu Shiyou 許世友 (1905-1985, Henan), Xu

Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong), Yu Qiuli 余秋里

(1914-1999, Jiangxi), and Zhang Tingfa 張廷發 (1918-2010, Fujian). [In 1978, Deng Yingchao 鄧穎超

(1904-1992, Henan), Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦 (1915-1989, Hunan), and Wang Zhen 王震 (1908-1993, Hunan) were

admitted into the Politburo, Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu) into the Standing Committee.]

Three alternate members—Chen Muhua 陳慕華 (1921-2011, Zhejiang), Seypidin Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜

[Saifuding Aizezi] (1915-2003, Xinjiang), and Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan). [In 1979, Zhao Ziyang

and Peng Zhen 彭真 (1902-1997, Shanxi) became full members of the Politburo.]

12th Politburo (1982–1987): Twenty-five members [6 SC]—Chen Yun 陳雲 (1905-1995, Jiangsu), Deng Xiaoping鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Deng Yingchao 鄧穎超 (1904-1992, Henan), Fang Yi 方毅 (1916-1997, Fujian),


64

Hu Qiaomu 胡喬木 (1912-1992, Jiangsu), Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦 (1915-1989, Hunan), Li Desheng 李德生

(1916-2011, Henan), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei), Liao Chengzhi 廖承志 (1908-1983, Guang-

dong), Ni Zhifu 倪志福 (1933-2013, Shanghai), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Peng Zhen 彭真

(1902-1997, Shanxi), Song Renqiong 宋任窮 (1909-2005, Hunan), Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] (1906-1988, Inner

Mongolia), Wan Li 萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong), Wang Zhen 王震 (1908-1993, Hunan), Wei Guoqing 韋國清

(1913-1989, Guangxi), Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 (1913-2002, Shaanxi), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi),

Yang Dezhi 楊得志 (1911-1994, Hunan), Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan), Ye Jianying 葉劍英

(1897-1986, Guangdong), Yu Qiuli 余秋里 (1914-1999, Jiangxi), Zhang Tingfa 張廷發 (1918-2010, Fujian), and

Zhao Ziyang趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan). [In 1985, Hu Qili胡啟立 (b. 1929, Shaanxi), Li Peng李鵬 (b. 1928,

Shanghai), Qiao Shi 喬石 (b. 1924, Zhejiang), Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong), Wu Xueqian 吳學謙

(1921-2008, Shanghai) and alternate member Yao Yilin were admitted into the Politburo, at the same time Deng

Yingchao, Li Desheng, Liao Chengzhi, Nie Rongzhen, Song Renqiong, Ulanhu, Wang Zhen, Wei Guoqing, Xu

Xiangqian, Ye Jianying and Zhang Tingfa retired.]

Three alternate members—Chen Muhua 陳慕華 (1921-2011, Zhejiang), Qin Jiwei 秦基偉 (1914-1997, Hu-

bei), Yao Yilin 姚依林 (1917-1994, Anhui).

13th Politburo (1987–1992): Seventeen members [5/6 SC]—Hu Qili胡啟立 (b. 1929, Shaanxi), Hu Yaobang胡耀邦

(1915-1989, Hunan), Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu), Li Peng 李鵬 (b. 1928, Shanghai), Li Ruihuan 李

瑞環 (b. 1934, Tianjin), Li Tieying 李鐵映 (b. 1936, Hunan), Li Ximing 李錫銘 (1926-2008, Hebei), Qiao Shi喬石 (b. 1924, Zhejiang), Qin Jiwei 秦基偉 (1914-1997, Hubei), Song Ping 宋平 (b. 1917, Shandong), Tian Ji-

yun田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong), Wan Li萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong), Wu Xueqian吳學謙 (1921-2008, Shanghai),

Yang Rudai 楊汝岱 (b. 1926, Sichuan), Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan), Yao Yilin 姚依林

(1917-1994, Anhui), and Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan). [Hu Qili and Zhao Ziyang were dismissed

in June 1989 and replaced as Standing Committee members by Jiang Zemin, Li Ruihuan, and Song Ping.]

One alternate member—Ding Guan’gen 丁關根 (1929-2012, Jiangsu).

14th Politburo (1992–1997): Twenty members [7 SC]—Chen Xitong 陳希同 (1930-2013, Sichuan), Ding Guan’gen 丁

關根 (1929-2012, Jiangsu), Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Anhui), Huang Ju 黃菊 (1938-2007, Zhejiang), Jiang

Chunyun 姜春雲 (b. 1930, Shandong), Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu), Li Lanqing 李嵐清 (b. 1932,

Jiangsu), Li Peng李鵬 (b. 1928, Shanghai), Li Ruihuan李瑞環 (b. 1934, Tianjin), Li Tieying李鐵映 (b. 1936,

Hunan), Liu Huaqing 劉華清 (1916-2011, Hubei), Qian Qichen 錢其琛 (b. 1928, Shanghai), Qiao Shi 喬石

(b. 1924, Zhejiang), Tan Shaowen 譚紹文 (1928-1993, Sichuan), Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong), Wei

Jianxing 尉健行 (b. 1931, Zhejiang), Wu Bangguo 吳邦國 (b. 1941, Anhui), Xie Fei 謝非 (1932-1999, Guang-

dong), Yang Baibing 楊白冰 (1920-2013, Chongqing), Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 (b. 1928, Hunan), and Zou Jiahua

鄒家華 (b. 1926, Shanghai). [Chen Xitong was removed from office in April 1995 and expelled from the CCP in

1997.]

Two alternate members—Wang Hanbin王漢斌 (b. 1925, Fujian), and Wen Jiabao溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin).

15th Politburo (1997–2002): Twenty-two members [7 SC]—Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Ding Guan’gen

丁關根 (1929-2012, Jiangsu), Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Anhui), Huang Ju 黃菊 (1938-2007, Zhejiang), Jia

Qinglin 賈慶林 (b. 1940, Hebei), Jiang Chunyun 姜春雲 (b. 1930, Shandong), Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926,

Jiangsu), Li Changchun 李長春 (b. 1944, Liaoning), Li Lanqing 李嵐清 (b. 1932, Jiangsu), Li Peng 李鵬 (b.

1928, Shanghai), Li Ruihuan李瑞環 (b. 1934, Tianjin), Li Tieying李鐵映 (b. 1936, Hunan), Luo Gan羅幹 (b.

1935, Shandong), Qian Qichen 錢其琛 (b. 1928, Shanghai), Tian Jiyun 田紀雲 (b. 1929, Shandong), Wei Jian-xing 尉健行 (b. 1931, Zhejiang), Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin), Wu Bangguo 吳邦國 (b. 1941, Anhui),

Wu Guanzheng 吳官正 (b. 1938, Jiangxi), Xie Fei 謝非 (1932-1999, Guangdong), Zhang Wannian 張萬年 (b.

1928, Shandong), and Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 (b. 1928, Hunan).

Two alternate members—Wu Yi 吳儀 (b. 1938, Hubei), and Zeng Qinghong 曾慶紅 (b. 1939, Jiangxi).

16th Politburo (2002–2007): Twenty-four members [9 SC]—Cao Gangchuan 曹剛川 (b. 1935, Henan), Chen Liangyu

陳良宇 (b. 1946, Zhejiang), Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942, Shaanxi), He Guoqiang 賀國強 (b. 1943, Hunan),

Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Anhui), Huang Ju 黃菊 (1938-2007, Zhejiang), Hui Liangyu 回良玉 (b. 1944,

Jilin), Jia Qinglin賈慶林 (b. 1940, Hebei), Li Changchun李長春 (b. 1944, Liaoning), Liu Qi劉淇 (b. 1942,

Jiangsu), Liu Yunshan劉雲山 (b. 1947, Shanxi), Luo Gan羅幹 (b. 1935, Shandong), Wang Lequan王樂泉 (b.

1944, Shandong), Wang Zhaoguo 王兆國 (b. 1941, Hebei), Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin), Wu Bangguo吳邦國 (b. 1941, Anhui), Wu Guanzheng吳官正 (b. 1938, Jiangxi), Wu Yi吳儀 (b. 1938, Hubei),

Yu Zhengsheng 俞正聲 (b. 1945, Zhejiang), Zeng Peiyan 曾培炎 (b. 1938, Zhejiang), Zeng Qinghong 曾慶


65

紅 (b. 1939, Jiangxi), Zhang Dejiang 張德江 (b. 1946, Liaoning), Zhang Lichang 張立昌 (b. 1939, Hebei), and

Zhou Yongkang 周永康 (b. 1942, Jiangsu). [Chen Liangyu was removed from office in September 2006 and

expelled from the CCP in July 2007.]

One alternate member—Wang Gang 王剛 (b. 1942, Jilin).

17th Politburo (2007–2012): Twenty-five members [9 SC]—Bo Xilai 薄熙來 (b. 1949, Beijing), Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄

(b. 1942, Shaanxi), He Guoqiang賀國強 (b. 1943, Hunan), Hu Jintao胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu), Hui Liangyu

回良玉 (b. 1944, Jilin), Jia Qinglin 賈慶林 (b. 1940, Hebei), Li Changchun 李長春 (b. 1944, Liaoning), Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955, Anhui), Li Yuanchao 李源潮 (b. 1950, Jiangsu), Liu Qi 劉淇 (b. 1942, Jiangsu), Liu

Yandong 劉延東 (b. 1945, Jiangsu), Liu Yunshan 劉雲山 (b. 1947, Shanxi), Wang Gang 王剛 (b. 1942, Jilin),

Wang Lequan 王樂泉 (b. 1944, Shandong), Wang Qishan 王岐山 (b. 1948, Shandong), Wang Yang 汪洋 (b.

1955, Anhui), Wang Zhaoguo 王兆國 (b. 1941, Hebei), Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin), Wu Bangguo吳邦國 (b. 1941, Anhui), Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi), Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning), Yu

Zhengsheng 俞正聲 (b. 1945, Zhejiang), Zhang Dejiang 張德江 (b. 1946, Liaoning), Zhang Gaoli 張高麗 (b.

1946, Fujian), and Zhou Yongkang 周永康 (b. 1942, Jiangsu). [Bo Xilai was removed from office in March

2012 and expelled from the CCP in September 2012.]

No alternate members!

18th Politburo (since 2012): Twenty-five members [7 SC]—Fan Changlong 范長龍 (b. 1947, Liaoning), Guo Jinlong 郭

金龍 (b. 1947, Jiangsu), Han Zheng韓正 (b. 1954, Zhejiang), Hu Chunhua胡春華 (b. 1963, Hubei), Li Jianguo

李建國 (b. 1946, Shandong), Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955, Anhui), Li Yuanchao 李源潮 (b. 1950, Jiangsu), Li

Zhanshu栗戰書 (b. 1950, Hebei), Liu Qibao劉奇葆 (b. 1953, Anhui), Liu Yandong劉延東 (b. 1945, Jiangsu),

Liu Yunshan 劉雲山 (b. 1947, Shanxi), Ma Kai 馬凱 (b. 1946, Shanghai), Meng Jianzhu 孟建柱 (b. 1947,

Jiangsu), Sun Chunlan 孫春蘭 (b. 1950, Hebei), Sun Zhengcai 孫政才 (b. 1963, Shandong), Wang Huning 王滬

寧 (b. 1955, Shandong), Wang Qishan 王岐山 (b. 1948, Shanxi), Wang Yang 汪洋 (b. 1955, Anhui), Xi Jin-ping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi), Xu Qiliang 許其亮 (b. 1950, Shandong), Yu Zhengsheng 俞正聲 (b. 1945,

Zhejiang), Zhang Chunxian 張春賢 (b. 1953, Henan), Zhang Dejiang 張德江 (b. 1946, Liaoning), Zhang Gaoli 張高麗 (b. 1946, Fujian), and Zhao Leji 趙樂際 (b. 1957, Qinghai).

No alternate members!

Members of the CCP Central Military Commission since 1954 Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang junshi weiyuanhui 中共中央軍事委員會

Over time, the CCP Central Military Commission [in the following list abbreviated as “CCP CMC”] consisted of the

following positions—chairman (zhuxi 主席), vice chairmen (fuzhuxi 副主席), members (weiyuan 委員), standing

committee members (changwu weiyuan常務委員), secretary-general (mishuzhang秘書長), and vice secretary-general (fu

mishuzhang 副秘書長).

■ Eighth CCP CMC (1954–1959): 1 chairman, 11 members, 1 secretary-general Chairman: Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan)

Members: Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), He Long 賀龍

(1896-1969, Hunan), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Luo

Ronghuan 羅榮桓 (1902-1963, Hunan), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Peng Dehuai 彭德懷

(1898-1974, Hunan), Xu Xiangqian徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong),

and Zhu De 朱德 (1886-1976, Sichuan).

Secretary-general: Huang Kecheng 黃克誠 (1902-1986, Hunan)

■ (1959–1969): 1 chairman, 3 vice chairmen, 13 standing committee members, 1 secretary-general Chairman: Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: He Long賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Lin Biao林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), and Nie Rongzhen聶榮臻

(1899-1992, Sichuan).

Standing committee members: Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan),

He Long 賀龍 (1896-1969, Hunan), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Si-

chuan), Luo Ronghuan 羅榮桓 (1902-1963, Hunan), Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan), Mao Zedong

毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan), Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Tan Zheng 譚政 (1906-1988, Hu-

nan), Xu Xiangqian徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Ye Jianying葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong), and Zhu De朱

德 (1886-1976, Sichuan).

Secretary-general: Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan)


66

[The following persons were appointed vice chairmen in January 1966: Chen Yi, Liu Bocheng, Xu Xiangqian, and Ye

Jianying. Ye was appointed secretary-general in May 1966.]

■ Ninth CCP CMC (1969–1973): 1 chairman, 6 vice chairmen, 1 secretary-general Chairman: Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Lin Biao 林彪 (1907-1971, Hubei), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承

(1892-1986, Sichuan), Nie Rongzhen聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Xu Xiangqian徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi),

and Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong).

Secretary-general: Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong)

[Lin Biao was removed from office in September 1971.]

■ Tenth CCP CMC (1973–1977): 1 chairman, 5 vice chairmen, 1 secretary-general Chairman: Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan)

Vice Chairmen: Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972, Sichuan), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Nie Rongzhen 聶

榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), and Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986,

Guangdong).

Secretary-general: Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong)

[Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008, Shanxi) took over as chairman after Mao Zedong’s death in 1976. Deng Xiao-

ping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan) was appointed vice chairman in December 1973. Chen Yi was listed as vice

chairman although he had died in 1972.]

■ Eleventh CCP CMC (1977–1982): 1 chairman, 5 vice chairmen, 8 standing committee members, 1 secretary-general Chairman: Hua Guofeng (1920-2008, Shanxi)

Vice Chairmen: Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan), Liu Bocheng 劉伯承 (1892-1986, Sichuan), Nie

Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), and Ye Jianying 葉劍英

(1897-1986, Guangdong).

Standing committee members: Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999, Hubei), Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992, Hubei),

Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan), Su Yu 粟裕 (1907-1984, Hunan), Su Zhenhua 蘇振華 (1912-1979,

Hunan), Wang Dongxing 汪東興 (b. 1916, Jiangxi), Wei Guoqing 韋國清 (1913-1989, Guangxi), Zhang Tingfa

張廷發 (1918-2010, Fujian).

Secretary-general: Luo Ruiqing 羅瑞卿 (1906-1978, Sichuan)

[In June 1981, Hua Guofeng was replaced as chairman by Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan). After Luo

Ruiqing’s death in August 1978, his post was taken by Geng Biao 耿飆 (1909-2000, Hunan), and Wang Zhen 王

震 (1908-1993, Hunan) was admitted as standing committee member in 1978.]

■ Twelfth CCP CMC (1982–1987): 1 chairman, 4 vice chairmen, 4 members, 1 secretary-general Chairman: Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan)

Vice Chairmen: Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992, Sichuan), Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 (1901-1990, Shanxi), Yang

Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan), and Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986, Guangdong).

Members: Hong Xuezhi 洪學智 (1913-2006, Anhui), Yang Dezhi 楊得志 (1911-1994, Hunan), Yu Qiuli 余秋里

(1914-1999, Jiangxi), and Zhang Aiping 張愛萍 (1910-2003, Sichuan).

Secretary-general (concurrently): Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan)

■ Thirteenth CCP CMC (1987–1992): 1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, 6 members, 1 secretary-general, 2 vice secretary-generals Chairman: Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 (1904-1997, Sichuan)

Vice Chairmen: Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan) and Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005, Henan).

Members: Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Hong Xuezhi 洪學智 (1913-2006, Anhui), Liu Huaqing 劉華

清 (1916-2011, Hubei), Qin Jiwei 秦基偉 (1914-1997, Hubei), Yang Baibing 楊白冰 (1920-2013, Chongqing),

and Zhao Nanqi 趙南起 (b. 1927, Jilin).

Secretary-general: Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 (1907-1998, Sichuan)

Vice Secretary-generals: Hong Xuezhi 洪學智 (1913-2006, Anhui) and Liu Huaqing 劉華清 (1916-2011, Hubei).

[Zhao Ziyang was removed from office in June 1989, his post as vice chairman was taken by Liu Huaqing. In

November 1989, Deng Xiaoping was replaced as chairman by Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu), and Yang

Shangkun was replaced as secretary-general by Yang Baibing.]

■ Fourteenth CCP CMC (1992–1997): 1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, 4 members Chairman: Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu)


67

Vice Chairmen: Liu Huaqing 劉華清 (1916-2011, Hubei) and Zhang Zhen 張震 (b. 1914, Hunan).

Members: Chi Haotian遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong), Fu Quanyou傅全有 (b. 1930, Shanxi), Yu Yongpo于永波 (b.

1931, Liaoning), and Zhang Wannian 張萬年 (b. 1928, Shandong).

[In September 1995, Chi Haotian and Zhang Wannian were promoted to vice chairmen and Wang Ke王克 (b. 1931,

Anhui) and Wang Ruilin 王瑞林 (b. 1930, Shandong) were admitted as members.]

■ Fifteenth CCP CMC (1997–2002): 1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, 4 members Chairman: Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu)

Vice Chairmen: Chi Haotian 遲浩田 (b. 1929, Shandong) and Zhang Wannian 張萬年 (b. 1928, Shandong).

Members: Fu Quanyou 傅全有 (b. 1930, Shanxi), Wang Ke 王克 (b. 1931, Anhui), Wang Ruilin 王瑞林 (b. 1930,

Shandong), and Yu Yongpo 于永波 (b. 1931, Liaoning).

[In 1999, Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu) was appointed vice chairman. The following persons were admitted as

members: Cao Gangchuan 曹剛川 (b. 1935, Henan) in November 1998, Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942,

Shaanxi) in 1999, and Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning) in December 2000.]

■ Sixteenth CCP CMC (2002–2007): 1 chairman, 3 vice chairmen, 4 members Chairman: Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926, Jiangsu)

Vice Chairmen: Cao Gangchuan 曹剛川 (b. 1935, Henan), Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942, Shaanxi), and Hu Jintao

胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu).

Members: Li Jinai 李繼耐 (b. 1942, Shandong), Liang Guanglie 梁光烈 (b. 1940, Sichuan), Liao Xilong 廖錫龍 (b.

1940, Guizhou), and Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning).

[In September 2004, Jiang Zemin resigned as chairman and was replaced by Hu Jintao, Xu Caihou was appointed

vice chairman; and Chen Bingde 陳炳德 (b. 1941, Jiangsu), Jiao Qingchen 喬清晨 (b. 1939, Henan), Jing Zhi-

yuan 靖志遠 (b. 1944, Shandong), and Zhang Dingfa 張定發 (b. 1943, Shanghai) were admitted as members.]

■ Seventeenth CCP CMC (2007–2012): 1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, 8 members Chairman: Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu)

Vice Chairmen: Guo Boxiong 郭伯雄 (b. 1942, Shaanxi) and Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning)

Members: Chang Wanquan 常萬全 (b. 1949, Henan), Chen Bingde 陳炳德 (b. 1941, Jiangsu), Jing Zhiyuan 靖志遠

(b. 1944, Shandong), Li Ji’nai 李繼耐 (b. 1942, Shandong), Liang Guanglie 梁光烈 (b. 1940, Sichuan), Liao Xi-

long 廖錫龍 (b. 1940, Guizhou), Wu Shengli 吳勝利 (b. 1945, Hebei), and Xu Qiliang 許其亮 (b. 1950, Shan-

dong).

[In October 2010, Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi) was appointed vice chairman. Fan Changlong 范長龍 (b.

1947, Liaoning), and Xu Qiliang 許其亮 (b. 1950, Shandong) were appointed vice chairmen in early November

2012.]

■ Eighteenth CCP CMC (since 2012): 1 chairman, 2 vice chairmen, 8 members Chairman: Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi)

Vice Chairmen: Fan Changlong 范長龍 (b. 1947, Liaoning) and Xu Qiliang 許其亮 (b. 1950, Shandong).

Members: Chang Wanquan常萬全 (b. 1949, Henan), Fang Fenghui房峰輝 (b. 1951, Shaanxi), Ma Xiaotian馬曉天

(b. 1949, Henan), Wei Fenghe 魏鳳和 (b. 1954, Shandong), Wu Shengli 吳勝利 (b. 1945, Hebei), Zhang Yang

張陽 (b. 1951, Hebei), Zhang Youxia 張又俠 (b. 1950, Shaanxi), and Zhao Keshi 趙克石 (b. 1947, Hebei).

Members of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee since 1980 Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang shujichu 中共中央書記處

Eleventh Secretariat (1980–1982): 1. Hu Yaobang胡耀邦 (1915-1989, Hunan), 2. Wan Li萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong),

3. Wang Renzhong 王任重 (1917-1992, Hebei), 4. Fang Yi 方毅 (1916-1997, Fujian), 5. Gu Mu 谷牧

(1914-2009, Shandong), 6. Song Renqiong宋任窮 (1909-2005, Hunan), 7. Yu Qiuli余秋里 (1914-1999, Jiangxi),

8. Yang Dezhi 楊得志 (1911-1994, Hunan), 9. Hu Qiaomu 胡喬木 (1912-1992, Jiangsu), 10. Yao Yilin 姚依林

(1917-1994, Anhui), 11. Peng Chong 彭沖 (1915-2010, Fujian), 12. Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 (1913-2002, Shaanxi)

Twelfth Secretariat (1982–1987): 1. Wan Li萬里 (b. 1916, Shandong), 2. Xi Zhongxun習仲勳 (1913-2002, Shaanxi),

3. Deng Liqun 鄧力群 (b. 1915, Hunan), 4. Yang Yong 楊勇 (1912-1983, Hunan), 5. Yu Qiuli 余秋里

(1914-1999, Jiangxi), 6. Gu Mu 谷牧 (1914-2009, Shandong), 7. Chen Pixian 陳丕顯 (1916-1995, Fujian), 8. Hu

Qili 胡啟立 (b. 1929, Shaanxi), 9. Yao Yilin 姚依林 (1917-1994, Anhui), 10. Qiao Shi 喬石 (b. 1924, Zhejiang),

11. Hao Jianxiu 郝建秀 (b. 1935, Shandong)

Thirteenth Secretariat (1987–1992): 1. Hu Qili 胡啟立 (b. 1929, Shaanxi), 2. Qiao Shi 喬石 (b. 1924, Zhejiang), 3.

Rui Xingwen 芮杏文 (1927-2005, Jiangsu), 4. Yan Mingfu 閻明複 (b. 1931, Liaoning); alternate secretary Wen


68

Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin). — Rui Xingwen and Yan Mingfu were removed in June 1989 and replaced by

Li Ruihuan 李瑞環 (b. 1934, Tianjin) and Ding Guan’gen 丁關根 (1929-2012, Jiangsu).

Fourteenth Secretariat (1992–1997): 1. Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu), 2. Ding Guan’gen 丁關根 (1929-2012,

Jiangsu), 3. Wei Jianxing 尉健行 (b. 1931, Zhejiang), 4. Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin), 5. Ren Jianxin 任

建新 (b. 1925, Shanxi)

Fifteenth Secretariat (1997–2002): 1. Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu), 2. Wei Jianxing 尉健行 (b. 1931, Zhe-

jiang), 3. Ding Guan’gen 丁關根 (1929-2012, Jiangsu), 4. Zhang Wannian 張萬年 (b. 1928, Shandong), 5. Luo

Gan 羅幹 (b. 1935, Shandong), 6. Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 (b. 1942, Tianjin), 7. Zeng Qinghong 曾慶紅 (b. 1939,

Jiangxi)

Sixteenth Secretariat (2002–2007): 1. Zeng Qinghong 曾慶紅 (b. 1939, Jiangxi), 2. Liu Yunshan 劉雲山 (b. 1947,

Shanxi), 3. Zhou Yongkang 周永康 (b. 1942, Jiangsu), 4. He Guoqiang 賀國強 (b. 1943, Hunan), 5. Wang Gang

王剛 (b. 1942, Jilin), 6. Xu Caihou 徐才厚 (b. 1943, Liaoning), 7. He Yong 何勇 (b. 1940, Hebei)

Seventeenth Secretariat (2007–2012): 1. Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953, Shaanxi), 2. Liu Yunshan 劉雲山 (b. 1947,

Shanxi), 3. Li Yuanchao 李源潮 (b. 1950, Jiangsu), 4. He Yong 何勇 (b. 1940, Hebei), 5. Ling Jihua 令計劃 (b.

1956, Shanxi), 6. Wang Huning 王滬寧 (b. 1955, Shandong)

Eighteenth Secretariat (since 2012): 1. Liu Yunshan劉雲山 (b. 1947, Shanxi), 2. Liu Qibao劉奇葆 (b. 1953, Anhui),

3. Zhao Leji趙樂際 (b. 1957, Qinghai), 4. Li Zhanshu栗戰書 (b. 1950, Hebei), 5. Du Qinglin杜青林 (b. 1946,

Jilin), 6. Zhao Hongzhu 趙洪祝 (b. 1947, Inner Mongolia), 7. Yang Jing 楊晶 (b. 1953, Inner Mongolia)

In 1956, the original Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee was reshaped as the Standing Committee of the

CCP Politburo while the Secretariat remained a body under the leadership of the CCP Politburo, handling day-to-day

business but not wielding real power. The Secretariat was abolished in 1966 and reinstated in 1980.

Party congresses of the CCP—an overview No. Year, date Place Members No. Year, date Place Members I 1921, July 23–31 Shanghai 57 X 1973, Aug. 24–28 Beijing ~ 28,000,000

II 1922, July 16–23 Shanghai 123 XI 1977, Aug. 12–18 Beijing ~ 35,000,000

III 1923, June 12–20 Guangzhou 432 XII 1982, Sept. 1–11 Beijing ~ 39,650,000

IV 1925, Jan. 11–22 Shanghai 950 XIII 1987, Oct. 25—Nov. 1 Beijing > 46,000,000

V 1927, April 27—May 9 Hankou 57,967 XIV 1992, Oct. 12–18 Beijing > 51,000,000

VI 1928, June 18—July 11 Moscow ~ 40,000 XV 1997, Sept. 12–18 Beijing ~ 58,000,000

VII 1945, April 23—June 11 Yan’an ~ 1,210,000 XVI 2002, Nov. 8–14 Beijing ~ 66,000,000

VIII 1956, Sept. 15–27 Beijing ~ 10,730,000 XVII 2007, Oct. 15–21 Beijing ~ 73,000,000

IX 1969, April 1–24 Beijing ~ 22,000,000 XVIII 2012, Nov. 8–14 Beijing ~ 82,000,000

Directors of the CCP General Office Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang bangongting中共中央辦公廳, abbrev. zhongban中辦; —zhuren主

任


1926— Wang Ruofei 王若飛 1896-1946 Guizhou

1927— Li Weihan 李維漢 1896-1984 Hunan

1927— Chen Duxiu 陳獨秀 1879-1942 Anhui

1927— Cai Hesen 蔡和森 1895-1931 Hunan

1927— Zhang Guotao 張國燾 1897-1979 Jiangxi

1927— Deng Zhongxia 鄧中夏 1894-1933 Hunan

1927— Li Weihan (second time)

1927— Deng Xiaoping 鄧小平 1904-1997 Sichuan

1928— Zhou Enlai 周恩來 1898-1976 Zhejiang

1928— Li Lisan 李立三 1899-1967 Hunan

1929— Yu Zehong 余澤鴻 1903-1935 Sichuan

1930— Li Lisan (second time)

1930— Huang Wenrong 黃文容 1901-2004 Zhejiang

1931— Ke Qingshi 柯慶施 1902-1965 Anhui

1934— Deng Yingchao 鄧穎超 1904-1992 Henan

1935— Deng Xiaoping (second time)


69

1935— Zhang Wenbin 張文彬 1910-1944 Hunan

1935— Wang Shoudao 王首道 1906-1996 Hunan

1935? — Liu Ying 劉英 1905-1942 Jiangxi

1937— Wang Ruofei (second time)

1941— Ren Bishi 任弼時 1904-1950 Hunan

1941— Wang Shoudao (second time)

1945–1965 Yang Shangkun 楊尚昆 1907-1998 Sichuan

1965–1978 Wang Dongxing 汪東興 b. 1916 Jiangxi

1978–1982 Yao Yilin 姚依林 1917-1994 Anhui

1982–1983 Hu Qili 胡啟立 b. 1929 Shaanxi



1986–1993 Wen Jiabao 溫家寶 b. 1942 Tianjin


1999–2007 Wang Gang 王剛 b. 1942 Jilin

2007–2012 Ling Jihua 令計劃 b. 1956 Shanxi

2012— Li Zhanshu 栗戰書 b. 1950 Hebei

The General Office of the CCP Central Committee is in charge of the daily technical and logistic affairs of the

Central Committee and the Politburo.

Secretaries of the CCP Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) since 1949 Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang jilü jiancha weiyuanhui 中共中央紀律檢查委員會, abbrev. zhongji-

wei 中紀委; —fuzeren 負責人


1949–1955 Zhu De 朱德 1886-1976 Sichuan





2002–2007 Wu Guanzheng 吳官正 b. 1938 Jiangxi

2007–2012 He Guoqiang 賀國強 b. 1943 Hunan

2012— Wang Qishan 王岐山 b. 1948 Shanxi

The CCDI was first established in 1927 under the name Central Control Commission of the CCP (Zhonggong zhong-

yang jiancha weiyuanhui 中共中央監察委員會) and headed by Wang Hebo 王荷波 (1882-1927, Shanxi).

Heads of the CCP Political and Legal Affairs Commission Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang zhengfa weiyuanhui 中共中央政法委員會; —shuji 書記


1958 Peng Zhen 彭真 1902-1997 Shanxi


1960–1966 Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 1909-1972 Hubei

1969–1980 Ji Dengkui 紀登奎 1923-1988 Shanxi


1982–1985 Chen Pixian 陳丕顯 1916-1995 Fujian


1992–1998 Ren Jianxin 任建新 b. 1925 Shanxi

1998–2007 Luo Gan 羅幹 b. 1935 Shandong


2012— Meng Jianzhu 孟建柱 b. 1947 Jiangsu

Heads of the CCP Organization Department Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang zuzhibu 中共中央組織部; —buzhang 部長


1921— Zhang Guotao 張國燾 1897-1979 Jiangxi


70

1924— Mao Zedong 毛澤東 1893-1976 Hunan

1925— Chen Duxiu 陳獨秀 1879-1942 Anhui

1927— Zhang Guotao (second time)

1927— Li Weihan 李維漢 1896-1984 Hunan

1927— † Luo Yinong 羅亦農 1902-1928 Hunan

1928— Zhou Enlai 周恩來 1898-1976 Zhejiang

1928— Xiang Ying 項英 1898-1941 Hubei

1930— Xiang Zhongfa 向忠發 1880-1931 Hubei

1930— Zhou Enlai (second time)


1930— Zhou Enlai (third time)

1931— Kang Sheng 康生 1898-1975 Shandong

1931— Li Zhusheng 李竹聲 1903-1973 Anhui

1932— Kong Yuan 孔原 1906-1990 Jiangxi

1932— † Huang Li 黃勵 1905-1933 Hunan

1933— Ren Bishi 任弼時 1904-1950 Hunan

1933— Li Weihan (second time)

1935— Zhou Enlai (fourth time)

1935— Li Weihan (third time)

1936— Zhang Wentian 張聞天 1900-1976 Jiangsu

1936— Guo Hongtao 郭洪濤 1911-2004 Shaanxi

1937— Bo Gu 博古 1907-1946 Jiangsu

1937— Chen Yun 陳雲 1905-1995 Jiangsu


1953–1954 Rao Shushi 饒漱石 1903-1975 Jiangxi


1956–1966 An Ziwen 安子文 1909-1980 Shaanxi

1966—N/A Nie Jifeng 聶濟峰 1914-1992 Hebei

N/A Zhu Guang 朱光 b. 1922 Shandong

N/A—1967 Yang Shirong 楊世榮 1917-1987 Sichuan

1967–1977 Guo Yufeng 郭玉峰 1919-2000 Hebei



1983–1984 Chen Yeping 陳野蘋 1915-1994 Sichuan



1987–1989 Song Ping 宋平 b. 1917 Shandong

1989–1994 Lü Feng 呂楓 b. 1927 Hebei

1994–1999 Zhang Quanjing 張全景 b. 1931 Shandong


2002–2007 He Guoqiang 賀國強 b. 1943 Hunan

2007–2012 Li Yuanchao 李源潮 b. 1950 Jiangsu

2012— Zhao Leji 趙樂際 b. 1957 Qinghai

Heads of the CCP Propaganda Department Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang xuanchuanbu 中共中央宣傳部; —buzhang 部長


1921— Li Da 李達 1890-1966 Hunan

1922— Cai Hesen 蔡和森 1895-1931 Hunan

1924— Luo Zhanglong 羅章龍 1896-1995 Hunan

1925— Peng Shuzhi 彭述之 1895-1983 Hunan

1927— Qu Qiubai 瞿秋白 1899-1935 Jiangsu

1927— Cai Hesen (second time)

1927— Qu Qiubai (second time)


71

1927— Luo Qiyuan 羅綺園 1894-1931 Guangdong

1928— Cai Hesen (third time)


1931— Shen Zemin 沈澤民 1902-1933 Zhejiang

1931— Zhang Wentian 張聞天 1900-1976 Jiangsu

1935— Wu Liangping 吳亮平 1908-1986 Zhejiang

1937— Zhang Wentian (second time)

1943–1952 Lu Dingyi 陸定一 1906-1996 Jiangsu

1953–1954 Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 1913-2002 Shaanxi

1945–1966 Lu Dingyi (second time)

1966–1967 Tao Zhu 陶鑄 1908-1969 Hunan

1967–1968 Wang Li 王力 1921-1996 Jiangsu

1970–1975 † Kang Sheng 康生 1898-1975 Shandong

1976 Yao Wenyuan 姚文元 1931-2005 Zhejiang


1977–1978 Zhang Pinghua 張平化 1907-2001 Hunan


1980–1982 Wang Renzhong 王任重 1917-1992 Hebei

1982–1985 Deng Liqun 鄧力群 b. 1915 Hunan

1985–1987 Zhu Houze 朱厚澤 b. 1931 Guizhou

1987–1992 Wang Renzhi 王忍之 b. 1933 Jiangsu


2002–2012 Liu Yunshan 劉雲山 b. 1947 Shanxi

2012— Liu Qibao 劉奇葆 b. 1953 Anhui

Heads of the CCP International Affairs Office Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang duiwai lianluobu 中共中央對外聯絡部; —buzhang 部長


1951–1966 Wang Jiaxiang 王稼祥 1906-1974 Anhui

1966–1968 @ Liu Ningyi 劉寧一 1907-1994 Hebei




1983–1985 Qian Liren 錢李仁 b. 1924 Zhejiang

1985–1993 Zhu Liang 朱良 b. 1924 Guangdong

1993–1997 Li Shuzheng 李淑錚 b. 1929 Shanghai

1997–2003 Dai Bingguo 戴秉國 b. 1941 Guizhou

2003— Wang Jiarui 王家瑞 b. 1949 Hebei

Directors of the CCP Central Compilation and Translation Bureau Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang bianyiju 中共中央編譯局; —juzhang 局長


1953–1957 Shi Zhe 師哲 1905-1998 Shaanxi

1961–1978 Xu Liqun 許立群 1917-2000 Jiangsu

1978–1980 Wang Huide 王惠德 N/A N/A

1980–1996 Song Shusheng 宋書聲 b. 1928 Hebei

1996–2010 Wei Jianhua 韋建樺 b. 1946 Jiangsu

2010–2013 Yi Junqing 衣俊卿 b. 1958 Liaoning

2013— Jia Gaojian 賈高建 b. 1959 Shanxi

Heads of the CCP Central Policy Research Office Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang zhengce yanjiushi 中共中央政策研究室; —zhuren 主任


1981–1987 Deng Liqun 鄧力群 b. 1915 Hunan


72

1987–1989 Bao Tong 鮑彤 b. 1932 Zhejiang

1989–1997 Wang Weicheng 王維澄 b. 1929 Zhejiang

1997–2002 Teng Wensheng 滕文生 b. 1940 Hunan

2002— Wang Huning 王滬寧 b. 1955 Shandong

Heads of the Central Security Bureau Agency’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang bangongting jingweiju 中共中央辦公廳警衛局; —juzhang 局長


1949–1958 Wang Dongxing 汪東興 b. 1916 Jiangxi

1958–1964 Lai Zulie 賴祖烈 1907-1983 Fujian

1964–1978 Wang Dongxing (second time)

1978–1994 Yang Dezhong 楊德中 b. 1923 Shaanxi

1994–2007 You Xigui 由喜貴 b. 1939 Hebei

2007— Cao Qing 曹清 b. 1952 Hebei

The unit responsible for the security of senior government, party, and military leaders in the PRC had different

names over the years, and today it is also known as Ninth Bureau of the MPS (gong’anbu jiuju 公安部九局). Between

1950 and 1964 there was an Eighth Bureau of the MPS (gong’anbu baju 公安部八局) which was initially headed by

Liu Wei 劉偉 (1916-1998, Jiangxi) and after 1958 by Yue Xin 岳欣 (b. 1914, Hebei). Between 1949 and 1950, the

unit was called Central Security Office (Zhonggong zhongyang bangongting jingweichu 中共中央辦公廳警衛處), the MPS

Ninth Bureau emerged in 1953 under the name Zhongnanhai Central Security Bureau (Zhonggong zhongyang bangongting

Zhongnanhai jingweiju 中共中央辦公廳中南海警衛局) which was changed to its current name in 1964.

Presidents of the CCP Central Party School School’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao 中共中央黨校; —xiaozhang 校長




1937–1938 Li Weihan (second time)

1938–1939 Kang Sheng 康生 1898-1975 Shandong

1939–1942 Deng Fa 鄧發 1906-1946 Guangdong



1953–1954 Kai Feng 凱豐 1905-1955 Jiangxi

1954–1955 Li Zhuoran 李卓然 1899-1989 Hunan

1955–1961 Yang Xianzhen 楊獻珍 1896-1992 Hubei

1961–1963 Wang Congwu 王從吾 1910-2001 Henan

1963–1966 Lin Feng 林楓 1906-1977 Heilongjiang


1982–1987 Wang Zhen 王震 1908-1993 Hunan

1987–1989 Gao Yang 高揚 1909-2009 Liaoning




2007–2013 Xi Jinping 習近平 b. 1953 Shaanxi

2013— Liu Yunshan 劉雲山 b. 1947 Shanxi

The CCP Central Party School was founded in 1933 as Marx School of Communism of the CCP Central Committee

(Zhong gong zhongyang makesi gongchan zhuyi xuexiao 中共中央馬克思共産主義學校). Classes were suspended between

1966 and 1977.

National Representative Conferences of the Communist Youth League of China (CYLC) Organization’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo gongchanzhuyi qingniantuan中國共産主義青年團; —diyi shuji第一書

記

No. Year, date Venue First Secretary (born/died, native province)

1st 1922, May 5–10 Guangzhou 廣州 Shi Cuntong 施存統 (1898-1970, Zhejiang)


73

2nd 1923, Aug. 2–25 Nanjing 南京 Shi Cuntong

3rd 1925, Jan. 26–30 Shanghai 上海 Zhang Tailei 張太雷 (1898-1927, Jiangsu)

4th 1927, May 10–16 Wuhan 武漢 Ren Bishi 任弼時 (1904-1950, Hunan)

5th 1928, July 12–16 Moscow Guan Xiangying 關向應 (1902-1946, Liaoning)

6th 1949, April 11–18 Beijing 北京 Feng Wenbin 馮文彬 (1911-1997, Zhejiang)

7th 1953, June 23—July 2 Beijing Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦 (1915-1989, Hunan)

8th 1957, May 12–25 Beijing Hu Yaobang

9th 1964, June 11–29 Beijing Hu Yaobang

10th 1978, Oct. 16–26 Beijing Han Ying 韓英 (b. 1935, Liaoning)

11th 1982, Dec. 20–30 Beijing Wang Zhaoguo 王兆國 (b. 1941, Hebei)

12th 1988, May 4–8 Beijing Song Defu 宋德福 (1946-2007, Hebei)

13th 1993, May 3–10 Beijing Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955, Anhui)

14th 1998, June 19–25 Beijing Zhou Qiang 周強 (b. 1960, Hubei)

15th 2003, July 22–26 Beijing Hu Chunhua 胡春華 (b. 1963, Hubei)

16th 2008, June 10–13 Beijing Lu Hao 陸昊 (b. 1967, Shaanxi/Shanghai)

17th 2013, June 17–20 Beijing Qin Yizhi 秦宜智 (b. 1965, Henan)

Note: In the past the organization was called “Socialist Youth League” (Zhongguo shehui zhuyi qingniantuan 中國社會

主義青年團, national congresses 1 through 5) and “New Democratic Youth League” (xin minzhu zhuyi qingniantuan

新民主主義青年團, national congresses 6 through 8). On the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Representative

Conference of the CYLC, which took place in December 1984 in Beijing, Wang Zhaoguo was replaced by Hu Jintao

胡錦濤 (b. 1942, Jiangsu) as First Secretary.

The “Cultural Revolution Small Group” and the “Gang of Four” CCP Chairman Mao Zedong 毛澤東 (1893-1976, Hunan) started the “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution” (wu-

chan jieji wenhua dageming 無産階級文化大革命) in the mid-1960s in order to get rid of his political adversaries,

especially Liu Shaoqi 劉少奇 (1898-1969, Hunan). The “Cultural Revolution Small Group” (zhonggong zhongyang wen-

hua geming lingdao xiaozu中共中央文化革命領導小組, abbrev. zhongyang wenge xiaozu中央文革小組) was established

on May 28, 1966 and soon replaced the CCP politburo as the PRC’s most powerful political body. It was abolished in

1969 when its most important members were elected into the CCP politburo by the 9th CCP Central Committee and

the de facto merger restored the functions and authority of the CCP politburo. (The Ninth CCP Party Congress con-

vened April 1–24, 1969.) The initial makeup of the group was as follows:

Group leader (zuzhang 組長): Chen Boda 陳伯達 (1904-1989, Fujian)

Advisor (guwen 顧問): Kang Sheng 康生 (1898-1975, Shandong)

Deputy group leaders (fuzuzhang 副組長): Jiang Qing 江青 (1914-1991, Shandong); Wang Renzhong 王任重

(1917-1992, Hebei), Liu Zhijian 劉志堅 (1912-2006, Hunan), Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005, Shandong)

Group members (zuyuan 組員): Xie Tangzhong 謝鏜忠 (1918-1989, Jiangxi), Yao Wenyuan 姚文元 (1931-2005,

Zhejiang), Wang Li 王力 (1921-1996, Jiangsu), Guan Feng 關鋒 (1919-2005, Shandong), Qi Benyu 戚本禹 (b.

1931, Shandong), Yin Da 尹達 (1906-1983, Henan), Mu Xin 穆欣 (b. 1920, Henan), Guo Yingqiu 郭影秋

(1908-1985, Jiangsu), Zheng Jiqiao 鄭季翹 (1912-1984, Shanxi), Yang Zhilin 楊植霖 (1911-1992, Inner

Mongolia), Liu Wenzhen 劉文珍 (1911-1982, Shanxi), and others

In August 1966, Tao Zhu 陶鑄 (1908-1969, Hunan) was appointed advisor. Later in 1966, the following members

were toppled: Guo Yingqiu, Zheng Jiqiao, Yang Zhilin, Liu Wenzhen, and Yin Da. Until the end of 1967, their fate

was shared by Tao Zhu, Wang Renzhong, Liu Zhijian, Wang Li, Guan Feng, and Qi Benyu. Around 1967, another

body emerged: the “Cultural Revolution Brief Meetings” (zhongyang wenge pengtouhui 中央文革碰頭會), whose

members included Chen Boda, Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Li, Guan Feng, Qi Benyu, Yao

Wenyuan, later Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 (1909-1972, Hubei), Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝 (1910-1983, Hubei), Wu Faxian

吳法憲 (1915-2004, Jiangxi), Ye Qun 葉群 (1917-1971, Fujian), Wang Dongxing 汪東興 (b. 1916, Jiangxi), Wen

Yucheng 溫玉成 (1915-1989, Jiangxi), and Zhou Enlai 周恩來 (1898-1976, Zhejiang).

One informal yet very influential group that emerged in the Cultural Revolution was the “Gang of Four” (siren-

bang 四人幫), comprised of Jiang Qing 江青 (1914-1991, Shandong), Wang Hongwen 王洪文 (1935-1992, Jilin),

Yao Wenyuan 姚文元 (1931-2005, Zhejiang), and Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005, Shandong). All four were

arrested less than a month after Mao Zedong’s death on October 6, 1976. On January 25, 1981, Jiang and Zhang

were sentenced to death, Wang to life in prison, and Yao to 20 years; the death sentences were not carried out but


74

commuted to life imprisonment on January 25, 1983.

THE EIGHT “DEMOCRATIC” PARTIES IN THE PRC AND AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS

Chairpersons of the China Zhi Gong Dang/China Public Interest Party Party’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo zhigongdang 中國致公黨 (est. 10/1925)


1925–1933 Chen Jiongming 陳炯明 1878-1933 Guangdong

1950–1966 Chen Qiyou 陳其尤 1892-1970 Guangdong

1979–1984 Huang Dingchen 黃鼎臣 1901-1995 Guangdong

1988–1997 Dong Yinchu 董寅初 1915-2009 Anhui

1997–2007 Luo Haocai 羅豪才 b. 1934 Fujian

2007— Wan Gang 萬鋼 b. 1952 Shanghai

Chairpersons of the Chinese Peasants’ and Workers’ Democratic Party (CPWDP) Party’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo nonggong minzhudang 中國農工民主黨 (est. 8/1930)


1930–1931 Deng Yanda 鄧演達 1895-1931 Guangdong

1931–1947 Huang Qixiang 黃琪翔 1898-1970 Guangdong

1947–1958 Zhang Bojun 章伯鈞 1895-1969 Guangdong

1958–1987 Ji Fang 季方 1890-1987 Jiangsu

1987–1988 Zhou Gucheng 周穀城 1898-1996 Hunan

1988–1997 Lu Jiaxi 盧嘉錫 1915-2001 Fujian

1997–2007 Jiang Zhenghua 蔣正華 b. 1937 Zhejiang

2007–2012 Sang Guowei 桑國衛 b. 1941 Shanghai/Zhejiang

2012— Chen Zhu 陳竺 b. 1953 Shanghai/Jiangsu

Chairpersons of the China Democratic League Party’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo minzhu tongmeng 中國民主同盟 (est. 10/1941)


1941 Huang Yanpei 黃炎培 1878-1965 Jiangsu

1941–1955 Zhang Lan 張瀾 1872-1955 Sichuan

1955–1963 Shen Junru 沈鈞儒 1875-1963 Zhejiang

1963–1967 Yang Mingxuan 楊明軒 1891-1967 Shaanxi

1979–1985 Shi Liang 史良 1900-1985 Jiangsu

1985–1986 @ Hu Yuzhi 胡愈之 1896-1986 Zhejiang

1986–1987 Chu Tunan 楚圖南 1899-1994 Yunnan

1987–1996 Fei Xiaotong 費孝通 1910-2005 Jiangsu

1996–2005 Ding Shisun 丁石孫 b. 1927 Jiangsu

2005–2012 Jiang Shusheng 蔣樹聲 b. 1940 Jiangsu

2012— Zhang Baowen 張寶文 b. 1946 Shaanxi

Chairpersons of the Jiusan Society/September 3rd Society Party’s name in Chinese: jiusan xueshe 九三學社 (est. 12/1944)


1946–1987 Xu Deheng 許德珩 1890-1990 Jiangxi

1987–1992 Zhou Peiyuan 周培源 1902-1993 Jiangsu

1992–2002 Wu Jieping 吳階平 1917-2011 Jiangsu

2002— Han Qide 韓啓德 b. 1945 Zhejiang

Chairpersons of the China National Democratic Construction Association (CNDCA) Party’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo minzhu jianguohui 中國民主建國會 (est. 12/1945)


75


1945–1965 Huang Yanpei 黃炎培 1878-1965 Jiangsu

1979–1987 Hu Juewen 胡厥文 1895-1989 Jiangsu

1987–1996 Sun Qimeng 孫起孟 1911-2010 Anhui

1996–2007 Cheng Siwei 成思危 b. 1935 Hunan

2007— Chen Changzhi 陳昌智 b. 1945 Hubei

Chairpersons of the China Association for Promoting Democracy (CAPD) Party’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo minzhu cujinhui 中國民主促進會, abbrev. minjin 民進 (est. 12/1945)



1979–1984 Zhou Jianren 周建人 1888-1984 Zhejiang

1984–1987 Ye Shengtao 葉聖陶 1894-1988 Jiangsu

1987–1997 Lei Jieqiong 雷潔瓊 1905-2011 Guangdong

1997–2007 Xu Jialu 許嘉璐 b. 1937 Jiangsu

2007— Yan Junqi 嚴雋琪 b. 1946 Jiangsu

Chairpersons of the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League Party’s name in Chinese: Taiwan minzhu zizhi tongmeng 台灣民主自治同盟 (est. 11/1947)


1949–1958 Xie Xuehong 謝雪紅 1901-1970 Taiwan

1979–1983 Cai Xiao 蔡嘯 1919-1990 Taiwan

1983–1987 Su Ziheng 蘇子蘅 1905-1996 Taiwan

1987–1988 Lin Shengzhong 林盛中 b. 1942 Taiwan

1988–1997 Cai Zimin 蔡子民 1920-2003 Taiwan

1997–2005 Zhang Kehui 張克輝 b. 1928 Taiwan

2005— Lin Wenyi 林文漪 b. 1944 Shandong/Taiwan

Chairpersons of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK) Party’s name in Chinese: Zhongguo guomindang geming weiyuanhui 中國國民黨革命委員會, abbrev. minge 民革 (est.

1/1948)


1948–1959 Li Jishen 李濟深 1885-1959 Guangxi/Jiangsu

1960–1972 He Xiangning 何香凝 1878-1972 Hong Kong/Guangdong

1979–1981 Zhu Yunshan 朱蘊山 1887-1981 Anhui

1981–1985 Wang Kunlun 王昆侖 1902-1985 Jiangsu

1985–1988 Qu Wu 屈武 1898-1992 Shaanxi

1988–1992 Zhu Xuefan 朱學範 1905-1996 Shanghai

1992–1996 Li Peiyao 李沛瑤 1933-1996 Guangxi

1996–2007 He Luli 何魯麗 b. 1934 Shandong

2007–2012 Zhou Tienong 周鐵農 b. 1938 Liaoning

2012— Wan Exiang 萬鄂湘 b. 1956 Hubei

Chairpersons of the CCP United Front Work Department Organization’s name in Chinese: Zhonggong zhongyang tongyi zhanxian gongzuobu 中共中央統一戰線工作部,

abbrev. Zhonggong zhongyang tongzhanbu 中共中央統戰部


1942–1947 Wang Ming 王明 1907-1974 Anhui

1947–1948 Zhou Enlai 周恩來 1898-1976 Zhejiang


1964–1966 Xu Bing 徐冰 1903-1972 Hebei

1975–1976 † Li Dazhang 李大章 1900-1976 Sichuan

1976–1982 Ulanfu 烏蘭夫 [Wulanfu] 1906-1988 Inner Mongolia

1982–1985 Yang Jingren 楊靜仁 1918-2001 Gansu


76

1985–1990 Yan Mingfu 閻明複 b. 1931 Liaoning



2002–2007 Liu Yandong 劉延東 b. 1945 Jiangsu

2007–2012 Du Qinglin 杜青林 b. 1946 Jilin

2012— Ling Jihua 令計劃 b. 1956 Shanxi

The CCP United Front Work Department is in charge of the PRC’s United Front (tongyi zhanxian 統一戰線) which

consists of the eight “democratic” parties and the (technically non-governmental) All-China Federation of Industry

and Commerce (ACFIC, see below). Please note that Xu Bing徐冰 is also known under the name Xing Xiping邢西

萍.

Chairpersons of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) Organization’s name in Chinese: Zhonghua quanguo gongshangye lianhehui 中華全國工商業聯合會, abbrev. quanguo

gongshanglian 全國工商聯


1953–1966 † Chen Shutong 陳叔通 1876-1966 Zhejiang

1979–1983 Hu Zi’ang 胡子昂 1897-1991 Sichuan

1983–1993 Rong Yiren 榮毅仁 1916-2005 Jiangsu

1993–2002 Jing Shuping 經叔平 1918-2009 Shanghai

2002–2012 Huang Mengfu 黃孟復 b. 1944 Chongqing

2012— Wang Qinmin 王欽敏 b. 1948 Fujian

POLITICAL PARTIES IN HONG KONG AND MACAU

Hong Kong’s political landscape can roughly be divided into two camps—the pro-democracy camp (minzhu pai 民主

派) and the pro-Beijing (qin Beijing pai 親北京派)/pro-government camp (qin zhengfu pai 親政府派, qin jianzhi pai 親

建制派 or qingong pai 親共派). There are four major political parties in Hong Kong—in the pro-democracy camp

the “Democratic Party” (minzhudang 民主黨), est. 10/1994; and the “Civic Party” (gongmindang 公民黨), est. 3/2006;

and in the pro-Beijing camp the “Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong”/DAB (min-

zhu jian’gang xiejin lianmeng 民主建港協進聯盟, abbrev. minjianlian 民建聯), est. 7/1992; and the “Liberal Party” (zi-

youdang 自由黨), est. 6/1993. In Macau, political parties exist but do not play a role, so there is no need to list them

here.

Chairpersons of the Democratic Party Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1994–2002 Martin Lee 李柱銘 [Li Zhuming] b. 1938 Hong Kong

2002–2004 Yeung Sum 楊森 [Yang Sen] b. 1947 Guangdong

2004–2006 Lee Wing Tat 李永達 [Li Yongda] b. 1955 Hong Kong

2006— Albert Ho Chun-yan 何俊仁 [He Junren] b. 1951 Hong Kong

Chairpersons of the Civic Party Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

2006–2011 Kuan Hsin-chi 關信基 [Guang Xinji] b. 1941 Macau

2011— Kenneth Chan 陳家洛 [Chen Jialuo] b. 1968 N/A

Chairpersons of the DAB Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1992–2003 Jasper Tsang Yok-sing 曾鈺成 [Zeng Yucheng] b. 1947 Guangdong

2003–2007 Ma Lik 馬力 [Ma Li] 1952-2007 Guangdong

2007— Tam Yiu Chung 譚耀宗 [Tan Yaozong] b. 1949 Hong Kong

Chairpersons of the Liberal Party Tenure Name Born/died Native Province

1993–1998 Allen Lee 李鵬飛 [Li Pengfei] b. 1940 Shandong


77

1998–2008 James Tien 田北俊 [Tian Beijun] b. 1947 Shanghai

2008— Miriam Lau 劉健儀 [Liu Jianyi] b. 1947 N/A

POLITICAL PARTIES IN TAIWAN

Taiwan is not a province of the PRC but of the sovereign and independent Republic of China

(Zhonghua minguo 中華民國, abbrev. ROC)—see file about politicians in Taiwan/ROC!

5. Provincial leaders in the PRC

A special characteristic of rule on the PRC’s provincial level is double leadership. The PRC has 22 provinces [sheng

省], 4 special municipalities [zhixiashi 直轄市], 5 autonomous regions [zizhiqu 自治區, abbrev. AR], and 2 special ad-

ministrative regions [tebie xingzhengqu 特別行政區, abbrev. SAR]. In the provinces, special municipalities, and ARs of

the PRC, the administration is headed by the provincial governor [shengzhang 省長]/mayor [shizhang 市長]/chair-

person of the government [zhuxi 主席]. While that official is the nominal leader, he or she is only the second highest

ranking official in the respective administrative entity and subordinate to its CCP party chief [in provinces: shengwei

shuji 省委書記, in special municipalities: shiwei shuji 市委書記, in ARs: quwei shuji 區委書記]. Exceptions are Hong

Kong SAR and Macau SAR as they have no CCP party chief.

1. Anhui (aka Anhwei) Administrative status of Anhui 安徽: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: An-

hui sheng 安徽省; capital: Hefei 合肥

Provincial governors CCP party chiefs Tenure Name (born/died)

1952–1955 Zeng Xisheng 曾希聖 (1904-1968)

1955–1967 Huang Yan 黃岩 (1912-1989)

1968–1974 Li Desheng 李德生 (1916-2011)

1975–1978 Song Peizhang 宋佩璋 (1919-1989)

1978–1979 Wan Li 萬里 (b. 1916)

1979–1981 Zhang Jinfu 張勁夫 (b. 1914)

1981–1983 Zhou Zijian 周子健 (b. 1932)

1983–1987 Wang Yuzhao 王鬱昭 (b. 1946)

1987–1989 Lu Rongjing 盧榮景 (b. 1933)

1989–1994 Fu Xishou 傅錫壽 (b. 1931)

1994–1998 Hui Liangyu 回良玉 (b. 1944)

1998–2000 Wang Taihua 王太華 (b. 1945)

2000–2002 Xu Zhonglin 許仲林 (b. 1943)

2002–2007 Wang Jinshan 王金山 (b. 1945)

2007–2011 Wang Sanyun 王三運 (b. 1952)

2011–2013 Li Bin 李斌 (b. 1954)

2013— Wang Xuejun 王學軍 (b. 1952)

Tenure Name (born/died)

1952–1962 Zeng Xisheng 曾希聖 (1904-1968)

1962–1967 Li Baohua 李葆華 (1909-2005)

1969–1974 Li Desheng 李德生 (1916-2011)

1975–1977 Song Peizhang 宋佩璋 (1919-1989)

1977–1980 Wan Li 萬里 (b. 1916)

1980–1982 Zhang Jinfu 張勁夫 (b. 1914)

1982–1983 Zhou Zijian 周子健 (b. 1932)

1983–1986 Huang Huang 黃璜 (b. 1946)

1986–1988 Li Guixian 李貴鮮 (b. 1937)

1988–1998 Lu Rongjing 盧榮景 (b. 1933)


2000–2004 Wang Taihua 王太華 (b. 1945)

2004–2007 Guo Jinlong 郭金龍 (b. 1947)

2008–2011 Wang Jinshan 王金山 (b. 1945)

2011— Zhang Baoshun 張寶順 (b. 1950)

2. Beijing (aka Peking) Administrative status of Beijing 北京: special municipality (zhixiashi 直轄市) and capital of the

PRC, full name in Chinese: Beijing zhixiashi 北京直轄市

Mayors CCP party chiefs Tenure Name (born/died)

1948–1949 Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1898-1986)


1948–1966 Peng Zhen 彭真 (1902-1997)


78

1949–1951 Nie Rongzhen 聶榮臻 (1899-1992)

1951–1966 Peng Zhen 彭真 (1902-1997)

1966–1967 @ Wu De 吳德 (1913-1995)

1967–1972 † Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 (1909-1972)

1972–1978 Wu De (second term)

1978–1981 Lin Hujia 林乎加 (b. 1916)

1981–1983 Jiao Ruoyu 焦若愚 (b. 1915)

1983–1993 Chen Xitong 陳希同 (1930-2013)

1993–1996 Li Qiyan 李其炎 (b. 1938)

1996–1999 Jia Qinglin 賈慶林 (b. 1940)

1999–2003 Liu Qi 劉淇 (b. 1942)

2003 Meng Xuenong 孟學農 (b. 1949)

2003–2007 Wang Qishan 王岐山 (b. 1948)


2012— Wang Anshun 王安順 (b. 1957)

1966–1967 Li Xuefeng 李雪峰 (1907-2003)

1967–1972 † Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 (1909-1972)

1972–1978 Wu De 吳德 (1913-1995)

1978–1981 Lin Hujia 林乎加 (b. 1916)

1981–1984 Duan Junyi 段君毅 (1910-2004)

1984–1992 Li Ximing 李錫銘 (b. 1926)

1992–1995 Chen Xitong 陳希同 (1930-2013)

1995–1997 Wei Jianxing 尉健行 (b. 1931)


2002–2012 Liu Qi 劉淇 (b. 1942)

2012— Guo Jinlong 郭金龍 (b. 1947)

3. Chongqing (aka Chungking, Chungching, Tschungking) Administrative status of Chongqing 重慶: special municipality (zhixiashi 直轄市) [since March

1997] of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Chongqing zhixiashi 重慶直轄市


1949–1951 Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999)

1951–1955 Cao Diqiu 曹荻秋 (1919-1976)

1955–1966 Ren Baige 任白戈 (1906-1986)

1967–1969 Duan Siying 段思英 (1917-2007)

1969–1973 He Yunfeng 何雲峰 (b. 1922)

1973–1978 Lu Dadong 魯大東 (1915-1998)

1978 Qian Min 錢敏 (b. 1916)

1978–1980 Ding Changhe 丁長河 (b. 1922)

1980–1985 Yu Hanqing 于漢卿 (b. 1929)

1985–1988 Xiao Yang 肖秧 (1929-1998)

1988–1993 Sun Tongchuan 孫同川 (b. 1940)

1993–1996 Liu Zhizhong 劉志忠 (b. 1953)

1996–1999 Pu Haiqing 蒲海清 (b. 1941)

1999–2002 Bao Xuding 包敘定 (b. 1939)

2002–2009 Wang Hongju 王鴻舉 (b. 1945)

2009— Huang Qifan 黃奇帆 (b. 1952)


1949–1950 Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999)

1950–1952 Zhang Linzhi 張霖之 (1908-1967)

1952–1954 Cao Diqiu 曹荻秋 (1919-1976)

1956–1959 Yan Hongyan 閻紅彥 (1902-1967)

1959–1967 Ren Baige 任白戈 (1906-1986)

1967–1968 Lan Yinong 藍亦農 (1919-2008)

1968–1969 Duan Siying 段思英 (1917-2007)

1969–1973 He Yunfeng 何雲峰 (b. 1922)

1973–1977 Lu Dadong 魯大東 (1915-1998)

1977–1978 Qian Min 錢敏 (b. 1916)

1978–1980 Ding Changhe 丁長河 (b. 1922)

1980–1985 Yu Hanqing 于漢卿 (b. 1929)

1985–1988 Liao Bokang 廖伯康 (b. 1924)

1988–1993 Xiao Yang 肖秧 (1929-1998)

1993–1995 Sun Tongchuan 孫同川 (b. 1940)

1995–1999 Zhang Delin 張德鄰 (b. 1939)

1999–2002 He Guoqiang 賀國強 (b. 1943)

2002–2005 Huang Zhendong 黃鎮東 (b. 1941)

2005–2007 Wang Yang 汪洋 (b. 1955)

2007–2012 Bo Xilai 薄熙來 (b. 1949)

2012 Zhang Dejiang 張德江 (b. 1946)

2012— Sun Zhengcai 孫政才 (b. 1963)

After Chongqing was captured by PRC troops in November 1949, it was a special municipality until July 1954 when

it was downgraded to the status of provincial municipality (shengxiashi 省轄市) in Sichuan Province.

4. Fujian (aka Fukien, Fuchien, Hokkien) Administrative status of Fujian 福建: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Fu-

jian sheng 福建省; capital: Fuzhou 福州

Provincial governors CCP party chiefs


79


1949–1954 Zhang Dingcheng 張鼎丞 (1898-1981)

1954–1959 Ye Fei 葉飛 (1914-1999)

1959–1962 Jiang Yizhen 江一真 (1915-1994)

1962–1968 Wen Jinshui 魏金水 (1906-1992)

1968–1973 Han Xianchu 韓先楚 (1913-1986)

1974–1979 Liao Zhigao 廖志高 (1912-2000)

1979–1983 Ma Xingyuan 馬興元 (1917-2005)

1983–1987 Hu Ping 胡平 (b. 1930)

1987–1990 Wang Zhaoguo 王兆國 (b. 1941)


1994–1996 Chen Mingyi 陳明義 (b. 1940)

1996–1999 He Guoqiang 賀國強 (b. 1943)

1999–2002 Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953)

2002–2004 Lu Zhangong 盧展工 (b. 1952)

2004–2011 Huang Xiaojing 黃小晶 (b. 1946)

2011— Su Shulin 蘇樹林 (b. 1962)


1949–1954 Zhang Dingcheng 張鼎丞 (1898-1981)

1954–1958 Ye Fei 葉飛 (1914-1999)

1958–1970 @ Jiang Yizhen 江一真 (1915-1994)

1971–1973 Han Xianchu 韓先楚 (1913-1986)

1974–1982 Liao Zhigao 廖志高 (1912-2000)

1982–1986 Xiang Nan 項南 (1918-1997)

1986–1993 Chen Guangyi 陳光毅 (b. 1933)


1996–2000 Chen Mingyi 陳明義 (b. 1940)

2000–2004 Song Defu 宋德福 (1946-2007)


2009–2012 Sun Chunlan 孫春蘭 (b. 1950)

2012— You Quan 尤權 (b. 1954)

Note: Two offshore counties in Fujian—Kinmen County [Jinmen xian 金門縣], also called Quemoy, and Lienchiang

County [Lianjiang xian 連江縣], also called Matsu [Mazu 馬祖]—are under the jurisdiction of the sovereign and

independent Republic of China (Zhonghua minguo 中華民國, abbrev. ROC) which has appointed own governors for

Fujian Province. (See file about politicians in Taiwan/ROC!)

5. Gansu (aka Kansu) Administrative status of Gansu 甘肅: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Gansu sheng 甘肅省; capital: Lanzhou 蘭州


1949–1950 Wang Shitai 王世泰 (1910-2008)

1950–1967 Deng Baoshan 鄧寶姍 (1893-1968)

1967–1977 Xian Henghan 冼恒漢 (1911-1992)

1977–1979 Song Ping 宋平 (b. 1917)

1979–1981 Feng Jixin 馮紀新 (1915-2005)

1981–1983 Li Dengying 李登瀛 (1914-1996)

1983–1986 Chen Guangyi 陳光毅 (b. 1933)

1986–1993 Jia Zhijie 賈志傑 (b. 1935)

1993 Yan Haiwang 閻海旺 (b. 1939)

1993–1996 Zhang Wule 張吾樂 (b. 1937)

1996–1998 Sun Ying 孫英 (b. 1936)

1998–2001 Song Zhaosu 宋照肅 (b. 1941)

2001–2006 Lu Hao 陸浩 (b. 1947)

2007–2010 Xu Shousheng 徐守盛 (b. 1953)

2010— Liu Weiping 劉偉平 (b. 1953)


1949–1954 Zhang Desheng 張德生 (1909-1965)

1954–1961 Zhang Zhongliang 張仲良 (1907-1983)

1961–1966 Wang Feng 汪鋒 (1910-1998)

1966–1967 Hu Jizong 胡繼宗 (1920-1974)

1970–1977 Xian Henghan 冼恒漢 (1911-1992)

1977–1981 Song Ping 宋平 (b. 1917)

1981–1983 Feng Jixin 馮紀新 (1915-2002)

1983–1990 Li Ziqi 李子奇 (b. 1923)

1990–1993 Gu Jinchi 顧金池 (b. 1932)

1993–1998 Yan Haiwang 閻海旺 (b. 1939)

1998–2001 Sun Ying 孫英 (b. 1936)

2001–2003 Song Zhaosu 宋照肅 (b. 1941)

2003–2007 Su Rong 蘇榮 (b. 1948)

2007–2011 Lu Hao 陸浩 (b. 1947)

2011— Wang Sanyun 王三運 (b. 1952)

6. Guangdong (aka Kwangtung, Kuangtung) Administrative status of Guangdong廣東: province (sheng省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Guangdong sheng 廣東省; capital: Guangzhou 廣州


1949–1953 Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986)

1953–1957 Tao Zhu 陶鑄 (1908-1969)

1957–1967 Chen Yu 陳鬱 (1901-1974)

1967–1969 Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝 (1910-1983)


1949–1955 Ye Jianying 葉劍英 (1897-1986)

1955–1965 Tao Zhu 陶鑄 (1908-1969)

1965–1967 Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005)

1968–1969 Huang Yongsheng 黃永勝 (1910-1983)


80

1969–1972 Liu Xingyuan 劉興元 (1908-1990)

1972–1974 Ding Sheng 丁盛 (1913-1999)

1974–1975 Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005)

1975–1979 Wei Guoqing 韋國清 (1913-1989)

1979–1981 Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 (1913-2002)

1981–1983 Liu Tianfu 劉田夫 (1907-2002)

1983–1985 Liang Lingguang 梁靈光 (1916-2006)

1985–1991 Ye Xuanping 葉選平 (b. 1924)

1991–1996 Zhu Senlin 朱森林 (b. 1930)

1996–2003 Lu Ruihua 盧瑞華 (b. 1938)

2003–2011 Huang Huahua 黃華華 (b. 1946)

2011— Zhu Xiaodan 朱小丹 (b. 1953)

1969–1972 Liu Xingyuan 劉興元 (1908-1990)

1972–1973 Ding Sheng 丁盛 (1913-1999)

1974–1975 Zhao Ziyang (second term)

1975–1978 Wei Guoqing 韋國清 (1913-1989)

1978–1980 Xi Zhongxun 習仲勳 (1913-2002)

1980–1985 Ren Zhongyi 任仲夷 (1914-2005)

1985–1991 Lin Ruo 林若 (b. 1924)

1991–1998 Xie Fei 謝非 (1932-1999)

1998–2002 Li Changchun 李長春 (b. 1944)

2002–2007 Zhang Dejiang 張德江 (b. 1946)

2007–2012 Wang Yang 汪洋 (b. 1955)

2012— Hu Chunhua 胡春華 (b. 1963)

7. Guangxi (aka Kwanghsi, Kuanghsi, Kuangsi) Administrative status of Guangxi 廣西: autonomous region (zizhiqu 自治區) of the PRC, full

name in Chinese: Guangxi Zhuangzu zizhiqu 廣西壯族自治區; capital: Nanning 南寧

Chairpersons of the government CCP party chiefs Tenure Name (born/died)

1949–1953 Zhang Yunyi 張雲逸 (1892-1974)

1953–1958 Chen Manyuan 陳漫遠 (1911-1986)

1958–1975 Wei Guoqing 韋國清 (1913-1989)

1975–1977 An Pingsheng 安平生 (1917-1999)

1977–1979 Qiao Xiaoguang 喬曉光 (1918-2003)

1979–1983 Tan Yingji 覃應機 (1915-1992)

1983–1990 Wei Chunshu 韋純束 (b. 1922)

1990–1998 Cheng Kejie 成克傑 (b. 1933)

1998–2003 Li Zhaozhuo 李兆焯 (b. 1944)

2003–2007 Lu Bing 陸兵 (b. 1944)

2007–2013 Ma Biao 馬飈 (b. 1954)

2013— Chen Wu 陳武 (b. 1954)


1949–1953 Zhang Yunyi 張雲逸 (1892-1974)

1953–1957 Chen Manyuan 陳漫遠 (1911-1986)

1957–1961 Liu Jianxun 劉建勳 (1913-1983)

1960–1966 Wei Guoqing 韋國清 (1913-1989)

1966–1967 Qiao Xiaoguang 喬曉光 (1918-2003)

1970–1975 Wei Guoqing (second term)

1975–1977 An Pingsheng 安平生 (1917-1999)

1977–1985 Qiao Xiaoguang (second term)

1985–1990 Chen Huiguang 陳輝光 (b. 1938)

1990–1997 Zhao Fulin 趙富林 (b. 1932)

1997–2006 Cao Bochun 曹伯純 (b. 1941)

2006–2007 Liu Qibao 劉奇葆 (b. 1953)

2007–2012 Guo Shengkun 郭聲琨 (b. 1954)

2012— Peng Qinghua 彭清華 (b. 1957)

8. Guizhou (aka Kweichow, Kuichou) Administrative status of Guizhou 貴州: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Guizhou sheng 貴州省; capital: Guiyang 貴陽


1949–1954 Yang Yong 楊勇 (1912-1983)

1955–1965 Zhou Lin 周林 (1912-1997)

1965–1967 Li Li 李立 (1908-2006)

1967–1971 Li Zaihan 李再含 (1919-1975)

1971–1973 Lan Yinong 藍亦農 (1919-2008)

1973–1977 Lu Ruilin 魯瑞林 (1911-1999)

1977–1979 † Ma Li 馬力 (1916-1979)

1980–1983 Su Gang 蘇鋼 (1920-2002)

1983–1993 Wang Zhaowen 王朝文 (b. 1930)

1993–1996 Chen Shineng 陳士能 (b. 1938)

1996–1998 Wu Yixia 吳亦俠 (b. 1943)

1998–2001 Qian Yunlu 錢運錄 (b. 1944)

2001–2006 Shi Xiushi 石秀詩 (b. 1942)


1949–1954 Su Zhenhua 蘇振華 (1912-1979)

1954–1964 Zhou Lin 周林 (1912-1997)

1964–1965 Li Dazhang 李大章 (1900-1976)

1965–1967 Jia Qiyun 賈啓允 (1914-2004)

1967–1969 Li Zaihan 李再含 (1919-1975)

1969–1973 Lan Yinong 藍亦農 (1919-2008)

1973–1977 Lu Ruilin 魯瑞林 (1911-1999)

1977–1979 † Ma Li 馬力 (1916-1979)

1979–1985 Chi Biqing 池必卿 (1917-2007)

1985 Zhu Houze 朱厚澤 (b. 1931)

1985–1988 Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942)

1988–1993 Liu Zhengwei 劉正威 (b. 1930)

1993–2001 Liu Fangren 劉方仁 (b. 1936)


81

2006–2010 Lin Shusen 林樹森 (b. 1946)

2010–2012 Zhao Kezhi 趙克志 (b. 1953)

2012— Chen Miner 陳敏爾 (b. 1960)

2001–2005 Qian Yunlu 錢運錄 (b. 1944)

2005–2010 Shi Zongyuan 石宗源 (b. 1946)

2010–2012 Li Zhanshu 栗戰書 (b. 1950)

2012— Zhao Kezhi 趙克志 (b. 1953)

9. Hainan Administrative status of Hainan 海南: province (sheng 省) of the PRC [since April 1988], full

name in Chinese: Hainan sheng 海南省; capital: Haikou 海口


1988–1989 Liang Xiang 梁湘 (1919-1998)

1989–1993 Liu Jianfeng 劉劍峰 (b. 1936)

1993–1998 Ruan Chongwu 阮崇武 (b. 1933)

1998–2003 Wang Xiaofeng 汪嘯風 (b. 1944)

2003–2007 Wei Liucheng 衛留成 (b. 1946)

2007–2012 Luo Baoming 羅保銘 (b. 1952)

2012— Jiang Dingzhi 蔣定之 (b. 1954)


1988–1990 Xu Shijie 許士傑 (1920-1991)

1990–1993 Deng Hongxun 鄧鴻勳 (b. 1931)

1993–1998 Ruan Chongwu 阮崇武 (b. 1933)

1998–2001 Du Qinglin 杜青林 (b. 1946)

2001–2002 Bai Keming 白克明 (b. 1943)

2002–2003 Wang Qishan 王岐山 (b. 1948)

2003–2006 Wang Xiaofeng 汪嘯風 (b. 1944)

2006–2011 Wei Liucheng 衛留成 (b. 1946)

2011— Luo Baoming 羅保銘 (b. 1952)

10. Hebei (aka Hopei) Administrative status of Hebei河北: province (sheng省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Hebei

sheng 河北省; capital: Shijiazhuang 石家庄


1949–1952 Yang Xiufeng 楊秀峰 (1987-1983)

1952–1958 Lin Tie 林鐵 (1904-1989)

1958–1967 Liu Zihou 劉子厚 (1909-2001)

1968–1971 Li Xuefeng 李雪峰 (1907-2003)

1971–1979 Liu Zihou (second term)

1980–1982 Li Erzhong 李爾重 (1913-2009)

1982–1983 Liu Bingyan 劉秉彥 (1915-1998)

1983–1986 Zhang Shuguang 張曙光 (1923-2002)

1986–1988 Xie Feng 解峰 (1922-2004)

1988–1990 Yue Qifeng 岳岐峰 (1931-2008)

1990–1993 Cheng Weigao 程維高 (b. 1933)

1993–1998 Ye Liansong 葉連松 (b. 1935)

1998–2002 Niu Maosheng 鈕茂生 (b. 1939)

2002–2006 Ji Yunshi 季允石 (b. 1945)

2006–2008 Guo Gengmao 郭庚茂 (b. 1950)

2008–2009 Hu Chunhua 胡春華 (b. 1963)

2009–2011 Chen Quanguo 陳全國 (b. 1955)

2011— Zhang Qingwei 張慶偉 (b. 1961)


1949–1966 Lin Tie 林鐵 (1904-1989)

1966–1967 Liu Zihou 劉子厚 (1909-2001)

1968–1971 Li Xuefeng 李雪峰 (1907-2003)

1971–1979 Liu Zihou (second term)

1979–1982 Jin Ming 金明 (1913-1998)

1982–1985 Gao Yang 高揚 (1909-1989)

1985–1993 Xing Chongzhi 邢崇智 (1927-2000)


1998–2000 Ye Liansong 葉連松 (b. 1935)

2000–2002 Wang Xudong 王旭東 (b. 1946)

2002–2007 Bai Keming 白克明 (b. 1943)

2007–2011 Zhang Yunchuan 張雲川 (b. 1946)

2011–2013 Zhang Qingli 張慶黎 (b. 1951)

2013— Zhou Benshun 周本順 (b. 1953)

11. Heilongjiang (aka Heilungkiang) Administrative status of Heilongjiang 黑龍江: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in

Chinese: Heilongjiang sheng 黑龍江省; capital: Harbin 哈爾濱


1949–1952 Yu Yifu 于毅夫 (1903-1982)


1949–1950 Zhang Qilong 張啓龍 (1900-1987)


82

1952–1953 Zhao Dezun 趙德尊 (1913-2012)

1953–1954 Chen Lei 陳雷 (1917-2006)

1954–1956 Han Guang 韓光 (1912-2008)

1956–1958 Ouyang Qin 歐陽欽 (1900-1978)

1958–1966 Li Fanwu 李範五 (1912-1986)

1967–1971 Pan Fusheng 潘複生 (1908-1980)

1971–1974 Wang Jiadao 汪家道 (1916-1992)

1977 Liu Guangtao 劉光濤 (b. 1920)

1977–1979 Yang Yichen 楊易辰 (1914-1997)

1979–1985 Chen Lei (second term)

1985–1989 Hou Jie 侯捷 (b. 1931)

1989–1994 Shao Qihui 邵奇惠 (b. 1934)

1994–2000 Tian Fengshan 田鳳山 (b. 1940)

2000–2003 Song Fatang 宋法棠 (b. 1940)

2003–2007 Zhang Zuoji 張左己 (b. 1945)

2007–2010 Li Zhanshu 栗戰書 (b. 1950)

2010–2013 Wang Xiankui 王憲魁 (b. 1952

2013— Lu Hao 陸昊 (b. 1967)

1950–1953 Zhao Dezun 趙德尊 (1913-2012)

1953–1954 Feng Jixin 馮紀新 (1915-2005)

1954–1965 Ouyang Qin 歐陽欽 (1900-1978)

1965–1967 Pan Fusheng 潘複生 (1908-1980)

1971–1974 Wang Jiadao 汪家道 (1916-1992)

1977 Liu Guangtao 劉光濤 (b. 1920)

1977–1983 Yang Yichen 楊易辰 (1914-1997)

1983–1985 Li Li’an 李力安 (b. 1920)

1985–1994 Sun Weiben 孫維本 (b. 1928)

1994–1997 Yue Qifeng 岳岐峰 (1931-2008)

1997–2003 Xu Youfang 徐有芳 (b. 1939)

2003–2005 Song Fatang 宋法棠 (b. 1940)

2005–2008 Qian Yunlu 錢運錄 (b. 1944)

2008–2013 Ji Bingxuan 吉炳軒 (b. 1951)

2013— Wang Xiankui 王憲魁 (b. 1952)

12. Henan (aka Honan) Administrative status of Henan 河南: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: He-

nan sheng 河南省; capital: Zhengzhou 鄭州


1949–1962 Wu Zhipu 吳芝圃 (1906-1967)

1962–1967 Wen Minsheng 文敏生 (1915-1997)

1968–1978 Liu Jianxun 劉建勛 (1913-1983)

1978–1979 Duan Junyi 段君毅 (1910-2004)

1979–1981 Liu Jie 劉傑 (b. 1915)

1981–1982 @ Dai Suli 戴蘇理 (1919-2000)

1982–1983 @ Yu Mingtao 于明濤 (b. 1918)

1983–1987 He Zhukang 何竹康 (b. 1932)



1993–1998 Ma Zhongchen 馬忠臣 (b. 1936)

1998–2003 Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955)

2003–2008 Li Chengyu 李成玉 (b. 1946)

2008–2013 Guo Gengmao 郭庚茂 (b. 1950)

2013— Xie Fuzhan 謝伏瞻 (b. 1954)


1949–1952 Zhang Xi 張璽 (1912-1959)

1952–1958 Pan Fusheng 潘複生 (1908-1980)

1958–1961 Wu Zhipu 吳芝圃 (1906-1967)

1961–1966 Liu Jianxun 劉建勳 (1913-1983)

1966–1967 @ Wen Minsheng 文敏生 (1915-1997)

1971–1978 Liu Jianxun (second term)

1978–1981 Duan Junyi 段君毅 (1910-2004)

1981–1985 Liu Jie 劉傑 (b. 1915)

1985–1990 Yang Xizong 楊析綜 (b. 1928)

1990–1992 Hou Zongbin 侯宗賓 (b. 1929)


1998–2000 Ma Zhongchen 馬忠臣 (b. 1936)

2000–2002 Chen Kuiyuan 陳奎元 (b. 1941)

2002–2004 Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955)

2004–2009 Xu Guangchun 徐光春 (b. 1944)


2013— Guo Gengmao 郭庚茂 (b. 1950)

13. Hong Kong (abbrev. HK) Administrative status of Hong Kong 香港: special administrative region (tebie xingzhengqu 特別

行政區) of the PRC [since July 1997], full name in Chinese: Xianggang tebie xingzhengqu 香港特

別行政區. Official title of government head: Chief Executive SAR Hong Kong (Xianggang tebie

xingzhengqu xingzheng zhangguan 香港特別行政區行政長官)

Chief Executives Tenure Name (born/died, native province)

7/1997—3/2005 Tung Chee-hwa 董建華 [Dong Jianhua] (b. 1937, Zhejiang)

3/2005—6/2012 Donald Tsang 曾蔭權 [Zeng Yinquan] (b. 1944, Hong Kong/Guangdong)


83

7/2012— Leung Chun-ying 梁振英 [Liang Zhenying] (b. 1954, Hong Kong)

14. Hubei (aka Hupeh, Hupei) Administrative status of Hubei 湖北: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Hu-

bei sheng 湖北省; capital: Wuhan 武漢


1949–1954 Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992)

1954–1956 Liu Zihou 劉子厚 (1909-2001)

1956–1967 Zhang Tixue 張體學 (1915-1973)

1968–1973 Zeng Siyu 曾思玉 (b. 1911)

1973–1978 Zhao Xinchu 趙辛初 (1915-1991)

1978–1980 Chen Pixian 陳丕顯 (1916-1995)

1980–1982 Han Ningfu 韓寧夫 (1915-1995)

1982–1986 Huang Zhizhen 黃知真 (1920-1993)

1986–1990 Guo Zhenqian 郭振乾 (b. 1933)

1990–1993 Guo Shuyan 郭樹言 (b. 1935)

1993–1995 Jia Zhijie 賈志傑 (b. 1935)

1995–2001 Jiang Zhuping 蔣祝平 (b. 1937)

2001–2002 Zhang Guoguang 張國光 (b. 1945)

2002–2007 Luo Qingquan 羅清泉 (b. 1945)

2007–2011 Li Hongzhong 李鴻忠 (b. 1956)

2011— Wang Guosheng 王國生 (b. 1956)


1949–1954 Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909-1992)

1954–1966 Wang Renzhong 王任重 (1917-1992)

1966–1967 Zhang Tixue 張體學 (1915-1973)

1970–1973 Zeng Siyu 曾思玉 (b. 1911)

1973–1978 Zhao Xinchu 趙辛初 (1915-1991)

1978–1982 Chen Pixian 陳丕顯 (1916-1995)

1983–1994 Guan Guangfu 關廣富 (b. 1931)

1994–2001 Jia Zhijie 賈志傑 (b. 1935)

2001 Jiang Zhuping 蔣祝平 (b. 1937)

2001–2007 Yu Zhengsheng 俞正聲 (b. 1945)

2007–2010 Luo Qingquan 羅清泉 (b. 1945)

2010— Li Hongzhong 李鴻忠 (b. 1956)

15. Hunan Administrative status of Hunan 湖南: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Hu-

nan sheng 湖南省; capital: Changsha 長沙


1949–1950 Chen Mingren 陳明仁 (1903-1974)

1950–1952 Wang Shoudao 王首道 (1906-1996)

1952–1967 Cheng Qian 程潛 (1882-1968)

1968–1970 Li Yuan 黎原 (1917-2008)

1970–1977 Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008)

1977–1979 Mao Zhiyong 毛致用 (b. 1929)

1979–1983 Sun Zhiguo 孫治國 (b. 1917)

1983–1985 Liu Zheng 劉正 (1929-2006)

1985–1989 Xiong Qingquan 熊清泉 (b. 1927)

1989–1995 Chen Bangzhu 陳邦柱 (b. 1934)

1995–1998 Yang Zhengwu 楊正午 (b. 1941)

1998–2001 Chu Bo 儲波 (b. 1944)

2001–2003 Zhang Yunchuan 張雲川 (b. 1946)

2003–2006 Zhou Bohua 周伯華 (b. 1948)

2006–2010 Zhou Qiang 周強 (b. 1960)

2010–2013 Xu Shousheng 徐守盛 (b. 1953)

2013— Du Jiahao 杜家毫 (b. 1955)


1949–1952 Huang Kecheng 黃克誠 (1902-1986)

1952–1953 Jin Ming 金明 (1913-1998)

1953–1957 Zhou Xiaozhou 周小舟 (1912-1966)

1957–1959 Zhou Hui 周惠 (1918-2004)

1959–1966 Zhang Pinghua 張平化 (1907-2001)

1966 Wang Yanchun 王延春 (1910-1984)

1967–1970 Hua Guofeng 華國鋒 (1920-2008)

1970 Li Yuan 黎原 (1917-2008)

1970–1977 Hua Guofeng (second term)


1988–1993 Xiong Qingquan 熊清泉 (b. 1927)

1993–1998 Wang Maolin 王茂林 (b. 1934)

1998–2005 Yang Zhengwu 楊正午 (b. 1941)

2005–2010 Zhang Chunxian 張春賢 (b. 1953)

2010–2013 Zhou Qiang 周強 (b. 1960)

2013— Xu Shousheng 徐守盛 (b. 1953)

16. Inner Mongolia Administrative status of Inner Mongolia 內蒙古: autonomous region (zizhiqu 自治區) of the

PRC, full name in Chinese: Neimenggu zizhiqu 內蒙古自治區; capital: Hohhot 呼和浩特


84


1947–1966 Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 (1906-1988)

1967–1971 Teng Haiqing 滕海清 (1909-1997)

1971–1978 You Taizhong 尤太忠 (1918-1998)

1978–1982 Kong Fei 孔飛 (1911-1993)

1982–1993 Buhe 布赫 (b. 1926)

1993–1998 Uliji 烏力吉 (b. 1933)

1998–2000 Yun Bulong 雲布龍 (b. 1937)

2000–2003 Uyunqimg 烏雲其木格 (b. 1942)

2003–2008 Yang Jing 楊晶 (b. 1953)

2008— Bagatur 巴特爾 (b. 1955)


1947–1966 Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 (1906-1988)

1966–1967 Xie Xuegong 解學恭 (1916-1993)

1968–1969 Teng Haiqing 滕海清 (1909-1997)

1969–1971 Zheng Weishan 鄭維山 (1915-2000)

1971–1978 You Taizhong 尤太忠 (1918-1998)

1978–1986 Zhou Hui 周惠 (1918-2004)

1986–1987 Zhang Shuguang 張曙光 (1923-2002)

1987–1994 Wang Qun 王群 (b. 1926)

1994–2001 Liu Mingzu 劉明祖 (b. 1936)

2001–2009 Chu Bo 儲波 (b. 1944)

2009— Hu Chunhua 胡春華 (b. 1963)

Note: In terms of demographic structure, the name “Inner Mongolia” is misleading. In 2000,

only 17.13 percent of the population there were ethnic Mongols, while 79.17 percent were

ethnic Han Chinese. Activists working for Mongol rights and in favour for self-termination of

“Southern Mongolia” sometimes use the flag shown on the right as their symbol.

17. Jiangsu (aka Kiangsu, Chiangsu) Administrative status of Jiangsu 江蘇: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Jiangsu sheng 江蘇省; capital: Nanjing 南京


1952–1955 Tan Zhenlin 譚震林 (1902-1983)

1955–1967 Hui Yuyu 惠浴宇 (1909-1989)

1968–1973 Xu Shiyou 許世友 (1905-1985)

1974–1977 Peng Chong 彭沖 (1915-2010)

1977–1979 Xu Jiatun 許家屯 (b. 1916)

1979–1982 Hui Yuyu (second term)

1982–1983 Han Peixin 韓培信 (b. 1921)

1983–1989 Gu Xiulian 顧秀蓮 (b. 1936)

1989–1994 Chen Huanyou 陳煥友 (b. 1934)

1994–1998 Zheng Silin 鄭斯林 (b. 1940)

1998–2002 Ji Yunshi 季允石 (b. 1945)

2002–2008 Liang Baohua 梁保華 (b. 1945)

2008–2010 Luo Zhijun 羅志軍 (b. 1951)

2011— Li Xueyong 李學勇 (b. 1968)


1952–1954 Ke Qingshi 柯慶施 (1902-1965)

1954–1967 Jiang Weiqing 江渭清 (1910-2000)

1970–1973 Xu Shiyou 許世友 (1905-1985)

1974–1977 Peng Chong 彭沖 (1915-2010)

1977–1983 Xu Jiatun 許家屯 (b. 1916)

1983–1989 Han Peixin 韓培信 (b. 1921)

1989–1993 Shen Daren 沈達人 (b. 1928)

1993–2000 Chen Huanyou 陳煥友 (b. 1934)


2002–2007 Li Yuanchao 李源潮 (b. 1950)

2007–2010 Liang Baohua 梁保華 (b. 1945)

2010— Luo Zhijun 羅志軍 (b. 1951)

18. Jiangxi (aka Kiangsi, Chianghsi) Administrative status of Jiangxi 江西: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Jiangxi sheng 江西省; capital: Nanchang 南昌


1949–1965 † Shao Shiping 邵式平 (1898-1965)

1965–1967 Fang Zhichun 方志純 (1905-1993)

1968–1972 Cheng Shiqing 程世清 (1918-2008)

1972–1974 She Jide 佘積德 (1916-1981)


1979–1982 Bai Dongcai 白棟材 (b. 1916)

1982–1985 Zhao Zengyi 趙增益 (1920-1993)

1985–1986 Ni Xiance 倪獻策 (b. 1936)

1986–1995 Wu Guanzheng 吳官正 (b. 1938)


1949–1952 Chen Zhengren 陳正人 (1907-1972)

1952–1967 † Yang Shangkui 楊尚奎 (1905-1967)

1968–1972 Cheng Shiqing 程世清 (1918-2008)


1982–1985 Bai Dongcai 白棟材 (b. 1916)

1985–1988 Wan Shaofen 萬紹芬 (b. 1929)



1997–2001 Shu Huiguo 舒惠國 (b. 1938)


85

1995–2001 Shu Shengyou 舒聖佑 (b. 1936)

2001–2007 Huang Zhiquan 黃智權 (b. 1942)

2007–2011 Wu Xinxiong 吳新雄 (b. 1949)

2011— Lu Xinshe 鹿心社 (b. 1956)

2001–2007 Meng Jianzhu 孟建柱 (b. 1947)

2007–2013 Su Rong 蘇榮 (b. 1948)

2013— Qiang Wei 強衛 (b. 1953)

19. Jilin (aka Kirin, Chilin) Administrative status of Jilin 吉林: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Jilin

sheng 吉林省; capital: Changchun 長春


1950–1952 Zhou Chiheng 周持衡 (1915-1986)

1952–1967 Li Youwen 栗又文 (1901-1984)

1968–1977 Wang Weixiang 王淮湘 (b. 1920)

1977–1980 Wang Enmao 王恩茂 (1913-2001)

1980–1982 Yu Ke 于克 (1913-2004)

1982–1983 Zhang Gensheng 張根生 (b. 1923)

1983–1985 Zhao Xiu 趙修 (1921-1992)

1985–1987 Gao Dezhan 高德占 (b. 1932)

1987–1989 He Zhukang 何竹康 (b. 1932)

1989–1992 Wang Zhongyu 王忠禹 (b. 1933)

1992–1995 Gao Yan 高嚴 (b. 1942)

1995–1998 Wang Yunkun 王雲坤 (b. 1942)

1998–2004 Hong Hu 洪虎 (b. 1940)

2004–2006 Wang Min 王瑉 (b. 1950)

2006–2009 Han Changfu 韓長賦 (b. 1954)

2009–2012 Wang Rulin 王儒林 (b. 1953)

2012— Bayanqolu 巴音朝鲁 (b. 1955)


1949–1952 Liu Xiwu 劉錫五 (1904-1970)

1952–1955 Li Mengling 李夢齡 (1903-1985)

1955–1966 Wu De 吳德 (1913-1995)

1966–1967 Zhao Lin 趙林 (1906-2003)

1967–1977 Wang Weixiang 王淮湘 (b. 1920)

1977–1981 Wang Enmao 王恩茂 (1913-2001)

1981–1985 Qiang Xiaochu 強曉初 (1918-2007)

1985–1988 Gao Di 高狄 (b. 1927)

1988–1995 He Zhukang 何竹康 (b. 1932)


1998–2006 Wang Yunkun 王雲坤 (b. 1942)

2006–2009 Wang Min 王瑉 (b. 1950)

2009–2012 Sun Zhengcai 孫政才 (b. 1963)

2012— Wang Rulin 王儒林 (b. 1953)

20. Liaoning (aka Liauning) Administrative status of Liaoning 遼寧: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Liaoning sheng 遼寧省; capital: Shenyang 瀋陽


1954–1958 Du Zheheng 杜者蘅 (1909-1975)

1958–1967 Huang Oudong 黃歐東 (1905-1993)

1968–1973 Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999)

1975–1978 Zeng Shaoshan 曾紹山 (1914-1995)

1978 Ren Zhongyi 任仲夷 (1914-2005)

1980–1982 Chen Puru 陳璞如 (1918-1998)

1983–1986 Quan Shuren 全樹仁 (b. 1930)


1990–1994 Yue Qifeng 岳岐峰 (1931-2008)

1994–1998 Wen Shizhen 聞世震 (b. 1940)

1998–2001 Zhang Guoguang 張國光 (b. 1945)

2001–2004 Bo Xilai 薄熙來 (b. 1949)

2004–2007 Zhang Wenyue 張文嶽 (b. 1944)

2007— Chen Zhenggao 陳政高 (b. 1952)


1954–1958 Huang Oudong 黃歐東 (1905-1993)

1958–1971 Huang Huoqing 黃火青 (1901-1999)

1971–1973 Chen Xilian 陳錫聯 (1915-1999)

1975–1978 Zeng Shaoshan 曾紹山 (1914-1995)

1978–1980 Ren Zhongyi 任仲夷 (1914-2005)

1980–1985 Guo Feng 郭峰 (1915-2005)

1985–1986 Li Guixian 李貴鮮 (b. 1937)

1986–1993 Quan Shuren 全樹仁 (b. 1930)

1993–1997 Gu Jinchi 顧金池 (b. 1932)

1997–2004 Wen Shizhen 聞世震 (b. 1940)

2004–2007 Li Keqiang 李克強 (b. 1955)

2007–2009 Zhang Wenyue 張文岳 (b. 1944)

2009— Wang Min 王瑉 (b. 1950)

21. Macau (aka Macao) Administrative status of Macau澳門: special administrative region (tebie xingzhengqu特別行政區)

of the PRC [since December 1999], full name in Chinese: Aomen tebie xingzhengqu澳門特別行政


86

區. Official title of government head: Chief Executive SAR Macau (Aomen tebie xingzhengqu xingzheng zhangguan 澳門

特別行政區行政長官)

Chief Executives Tenure Name (born/died, native province)

12/1999—12/2009 Edmund Ho Hau-wah 何厚鏵 [He Houhua] (b. 1955, Macau/Guangdong)

12/2009— Fernando Chui Sai-on 崔世安 [Cui Shian] (b. 1957, Macau)

22. Ningxia (aka Ninghsia, Ningsia) Administrative status of Ningxia 寧夏: autonomous region (zizhiqu 自治區) of the PRC, full

name in Chinese: Ningxia Huizu zizhiqu 寧夏回族自治區; capital: Yinchuan 銀川


1949–1951 Pan Zili 潘自力 (1904-1972)

1951–1954 Xing Zhaotang 邢肇棠 (1893-1961)

1958–1960 Liu Geping 劉格平 (1903-1992)

1960–1967 Yang Jingren 楊靜仁 (1918-2001)

1968–1977 † Kang Jianmin 康健民 (1916-1977)

1977–1979 Huo Shilian 霍士廉 (1910-1996)

1979–1982 Ma Xin 馬信 (1917-1999)

1982–1987 Hei Boli 黑伯理 (b. 1918)

1986–1997 Bai Lichen 白立忱 (b. 1941)

1997–2007 Ma Qizhi 馬啓智 (b. 1943)

2007–2013 Wang Zhengwei 王正偉 (b. 1957)

2013— Liu Hui 劉慧 (b. 1959)


1949–1951 Pan Zili 潘自力 (1904-1972)

1951–1952 Zhu Min 朱敏 (1912-1981)

1953–1954 Li Jinglin 李景林 (1909-1980)

1957–1958 Liu Geping 劉格平 (1903-1992)

1958 Wang Feng 汪鋒 (1910-1998)

1958–1959 Li Jinglin (second term)

1959–1961 Wang Feng (second term)

1961–1967 Yang Jingren 楊靜仁 (1918-2001)

1970–1977 † Kang Jianmin 康健民 (1916-1977)

1977–1979 Huo Shilian 霍士廉 (1910-1996)

1979–1986 Li Xuezhi 李學智 (1923-2005)

1986–1989 Shen Daren 沈達人 (b. 1928)

1989–1997 Huang Huang 黃璜 (b. 1946)

1997–2002 Mao Rubai 毛如柏 (b. 1938)

2002–2010 Chen Jianguo 陳建國 (b. 1945)

2010–2013 Zhang Yi 張毅 (b. 1950)

2013— Li Jianhua 李建華 (b. 1956)

23. Qinghai (aka Tsinghai, Chinghai, Ch’inghai) Administrative status of Qinghai 青海: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Qinghai sheng 青海省; capital: Xining 西寧


1950–1952 Zhao Shoushan 趙壽山 (1894-1965)


1954–1958 Sun Zuobin 孫作賓 (1908-2002)

1958 Sun Junyi 孫君一 (1911-1967)

1958–1962 Yuan Renyuan 袁任遠 (1898-1986)

1962–1967 Wang Zhao 王昭 (1917-1970)

1967–1977 Liu Xianquan 劉賢權 (1914-1992)

1977–1979 Tan Qilong 譚啓龍 (1913-2003)

1979–1982 Zhang Guosheng 張國聲 (1912-1997)

1982–1985 Huang Jingbo 黃靜波 (b. 1919)

1985–1989 Song Ruixiang 宋瑞祥 (b. 1939)

1989–1992 Jin Jipeng 金基鵬 (b. 1934)

1992–1997 Tian Chengping 田成平 (b. 1945)

1997–1999 Bai Enpei 白恩培 (b. 1946)

1999–2003 Zhao Leji 趙樂際 (b. 1957)

2003–2004 Yang Chuantang 楊傳堂 (b. 1954)



1952 Zhao Shoushan 趙壽山 (1894-1965)

1954–1961 Gao Feng 高峰 (1914-1976)

1961–1962 Wang Zhao 王昭 (1917-1970)

1962–1966 Yang Zhilin 楊植霖 (1911-1992)

1967–1977 Liu Xianquan 劉賢權 (1914-1992)

1977–1979 Tan Qilong 譚啓龍 (1913-2003)

1979–1982 Liang Buting 梁步庭 (b. 1921)

1982–1985 Zhao Haifeng 趙海峰 (1921-2006)

1985–1997 Yin Kesheng 尹克升 (b. 1932)


1999–2001 Bai Enpei 白恩培 (b. 1946)

2001–2003 Su Rong 蘇榮 (b. 1948)

2003–2007 Zhao Leji 趙樂際 (b. 1957)

2007–2013 Qiang Wei 強衛 (b. 1953)

2013— Luo Huining 駱惠寧 (b. 1954)


87

2004–2010 Song Xiuyan 宋秀岩 (b. 1955)

2010–2013 Luo Huining 駱惠寧 (b. 1954)

2013— Hao Peng 郝鵬 (b. 1960)

24. Shaanxi (aka Shensi, Shenhsi) Administrative status of Shaanxi 陜西: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Shanxi sheng 陜西省; capital: Xi’an 西安


1949–1952 Ma Mingfang 馬明方 (1905-1974)

1952–1959 Zhao Shoushan 趙壽山 (1894-1965)

1959–1963 Zhao Boping 趙伯平 (1902-1993)

1963–1966 Li Qiming 李啓明 (1915-2007)

1966–1978 Li Ruishan 李瑞山 (1920-1997)


1979–1983 Yu Mingtao 于明濤 (b. 1918)

1983–1986 Li Qingwei 李慶偉 (1920-1994)

1986–1987 Zhang Boxing 張勃興 (b. 1930)

1987–1990 Hou Zongbin 侯宗賓 (b. 1929)

1990–1994 Bai Qingcai 白清才 (b. 1932)

1994–2002 Cheng Andong 程安東 (b. 1936)

2002–2004 Jia Zhibang 賈治邦 (b. 1946)

2004–2006 Chen Deming 陳德銘 (b. 1949)

2006–2010 Yuan Chunqing 袁純清 (b. 1952)

2010–2012 Zhao Zhengyong 趙正永 (b. 1951)

2012— Lou Qinjian 婁勤儉 (b. 1956)


1949–1952 Ma Mingfang 馬明方 (1905-1974)

1952–1954 Pan Zili 潘自力 (1904-1972)

1954–1964 Zhang Desheng 張德生 (1909-1965)

1964–1966 Hu Yaobang 胡耀邦 (1915-1989)

1966–1970 Huo Shilian 霍士廉 (1910-1996)

1970–1978 Li Ruishan 李瑞山 (1920-1997)


1979–1984 Ma Wenrui 馬文瑞 (1912-2004)

1984–1987 Bai Jinian 白紀年 (b. 1926)

1987–1994 Zhang Boxing 張勃興 (b. 1930)

1994–1997 An Qiyuan 安啓元 (b. 1933)

1997–2007 Li Jianguo 李建國 (b. 1946)

2007–2012 Zhao Leji 趙樂際 (b. 1957)

2012— Zhao Zhengyong 趙正永 (b. 1951)

25. Shandong (aka Shantung) Administrative status of Shandong 山東: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Shandong sheng 山東省; capital: Ji’nan 濟南


1949–1955 Kang Sheng 康生 (1898-1975)

1955–1958 Zhao Jianmin 趙健民 (1912-2012)

1958–1963 Tan Qilong 譚啓龍 (1913-2003)

1963–1967 Bai Rubing 白如冰 (1912-1994)

1967–1969 Wang Xiaoyu 王效禹 (1914-1995)

1971–1974 Yang Dezhi 楊得志 (1911-1994)

1974–1979 Bai Rubing (second term)

1979–1982 Su Yiran 蘇毅然 (b. 1918)


1985–1987 Li Chang’an 李昌安 (b. 1935)

1987–1989 Jiang Chunyun 姜春雲 (b. 1930)

1989–1995 Zhao Zhihao 趙志浩 (b. 1931)

1995–2001 Li Chunting 李春亭 (b. 1936)

2001–2003 Zhang Gaoli 張高麗 (b. 1946)

2003–2007 Han Yuqun 韓寓群 (b. 1943)

2007–2013 Jiang Daming 姜大明 (b. 1953)

2013— Guo Shuqing 郭樹清 (b. 1956)


1949 Kang Sheng 康生 (1898-1975)

1949–1950 Fu Qiutao 傅秋濤 (1907-1981)

1950–1954 Xiang Ming 向明 (1908-1969)

1954–1960 Shu Tong 舒同 (1905-1998)

1960–1961 Zeng Xisheng 曾希聖 (1904-1968)

1961–1967 Tan Qilong 譚啓龍 (1913-2003)

1969 Wang Xiaoyu 王效禹 (1914-1995)

1971–1974 Yang Dezhi 楊得志 (1911-1994)

1974–1982 Bai Rubing 白如冰 (1912-1994)

1982–1985 Su Yiran 蘇毅然 (b. 1918)


1988–1994 Jiang Chunyun 姜春雲 (b. 1930)

1994–1997 Zhao Zhihao 趙志浩 (b. 1931)



2007–2008 Li Jianguo 李建國 (b. 1946)

2008— Jiang Yikang 姜異康 (b. 1953)


88

26. Shanghai Administrative status of Shanghai 上海: special municipality (zhixiashi 直轄市) of the PRC, full

name in Chinese: Shanghai zhixiashi 上海直轄市


1949–1958 Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972)

1958–1965 † Ke Qingshi 柯慶施 (1902-1965)

1965–1967 Cao Gengqiu 曹荻秋 (1909-1976)

1967–1976 Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005)

1976–1979 † Su Zhenhua 蘇振華 (1912-1979)

1979–1981 Peng Chong 彭沖 (1915-2010)

1981–1985 Wang Daohan 汪道涵 (1915-2005)

1985–1988 Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926)

1988–1991 Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 (b. 1928)

1991–1995 Huang Ju 黃菊 (1938-2007)

1995–2001 Xu Kuangdi 徐匡迪 (b. 1937)

2001–2003 Chen Liangyu 陳良宇 (b. 1946)

2003–2012 Han Zheng 韓正 (b. 1954)

2012— Yang Xiong 楊雄 (b. 1953)


1949–1950 Rao Shushi 饒漱石 (1903-1975)

1950–1954 Chen Yi 陳毅 (1901-1972)

1954–1965 † Ke Qingshi 柯慶施 (1902-1965)

1965–1967 Chen Pixian 陳丕顯 (1916-1995)

1971–1976 Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋 (1917-2005)

1976–1979 † Su Zhenhua 蘇振華 (1912-1979)

1979–1980 Peng Chong 彭沖 (1915-2010)

1980–1985 Chen Guodong 陳國棟 (1911-2005)

1985–1987 Rui Xingwen 芮杏文 (1927-2005)

1987–1989 Jiang Zemin 江澤民 (b. 1926)

1989–1991 Zhu Rongji 朱鎔基 (b. 1928)

1991–1994 Wu Bangguo 吳邦國 (b. 1941)

1994–2002 Huang Ju 黃菊 (1938-2007)

2002–2006 Chen Liangyu 陳良宇 (b. 1946)

2006–2007 @ Han Zheng 韓正 (b. 1954)

2007 Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953)

2007–2012 Yu Zhengsheng 俞正聲 (b. 1945)

2012— Han Zheng (second time)

27. Shanxi (aka Shansi, Shanhsi) Administrative status of Shanxi 山西: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Shanxi sheng 山西省; capital: Taiyuan 太原


1949–1951 Cheng Zihua 程子華 (1905-1991)

1950–1951 Pei Lisheng 裴麗生 (1906-2000)

1951–1952 Lai Ruoyu 賴若愚 (1910-1958)

1952–1956 Pei Lisheng (second term)

1956–1958 Wang Shiying 王世英 (1905-1968)

1958–1965 Wei Heng 衛恒 (1915-1967)

1965–1967 Wang Qian 王謙 (1917-2007)

1967–1971 Liu Geping 劉格平 (1903-1992)

1971–1975 Xie Zhenhua 謝振華 (1916-2011)

1975–1979 Wang Qian (second term)

1979–1983 Luo Guibo 羅貴波 (1908-1995)

1983–1992 Wang Senhao 王森浩 (b. 1933)

1992–1993 Hu Fuguo 胡富國 (b. 1937)

1993–1999 Sun Wensheng 孫文盛 (b. 1942)

1999–2004 Liu Zhenhua 劉振華 (b. 1940)

2004–2005 Zhang Baoshun 張寶順 (b. 1950)

2005–2007 Yu Youjun 于幼軍 (b. 1953)

2007–2008 Meng Xuenong 孟學農 (b. 1949)

2008–2012 Wang Jun 王君 (b. 1952)

2012— Li Xiaopeng 李小鵬 (b. 1959)


1949–1950 Cheng Zihua 程子華 (1905-1991)

1950–1952 Lai Ruoyu 賴若愚 (1910-1958)

1952 @ Xie Xuegong 解學恭 (1916-1993)

1952 Gao Kelin 高克林 (1906-2001)

1952–1965 Tao Lujia 陶魯笳 (1917-2011)

1965–1967 † Wei Heng 衛恒 (1915-1967)

1967–1971 Liu Geping 劉格平 (1903-1992)

1971–1975 Xie Zhenhua 謝振華 (1916-2011)

1975–1980 Wang Qian 王謙 (1917-2007)

1980–1983 Huo Shilian 霍士廉 (1910-1996)

1983–1991 Li Ligong 李立功 (b. 1925)

1991–1993 Wang Maolin 王茂林 (b. 1934)

1993–1999 Hu Fuguo 胡富國 (b. 1937)


2005–2010 Zhang Baoshun 張寶順 (b. 1950)

2010— Yuan Chunqing 袁純清 (b. 1952)


89

28. Sichuan (aka Szechwan, Szechuan) Administrative status of Sichuan 四川: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese: Si-

chuan sheng 四川省; capital: Chengdu 成都


1952–1955 Li Jingquan 李井泉 (1909-1989)

1955–1966 Li Dazhang 李大章 (1900-1976)

1968–1972 † Zhang Guohua 張國華 (1914-1972)

1972–1975 Liu Xingyuan 劉興元 (1908-1990)

1975–1979 Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005)

1979–1982 Lu Dadong 魯大東 (1915-1998)

1982–1985 Yang Xizong 楊析綜 (b. 1928)

1985–1988 Jiang Minkuan 蔣民寬 (b. 1930)

1988–1993 Zhang Haoruo 張皓若 (1932-2004)

1993–1996 Xiao Yang 肖秧 (1929-1998)

1996–1999 Song Baorui 宋寶瑞 (b. 1937)

1999–2007 Zhang Zhongwei 張中偉 (b. 1942)

2007–2013 Jiang Jufeng 蔣巨峰 (b. 1948)

2013— Wei Hong 魏宏 (b. 1954)


1952–1965 Li Jingquan 李井泉 (1909-1989)

1965–1966 Liao Zhigao 廖志高 (1908-2000)

1971–1972 † Zhang Guohua 張國華 (1914-1972)

1972–1975 Liu Xingyuan 劉興元 (1908-1990)

1975–1980 Zhao Ziyang 趙紫陽 (1919-2005)

1980–1983 Tan Qilong 譚啟龍 (1913-2003)

1983–1993 Yang Rudai 楊汝岱 (b. 1926)

1993–2000 Xie Shijie 謝世傑 (b. 1934)

2000–2002 Zhou Yongkang 周永康 (b. 1942)

2002–2006 Zhang Xuezhong 張學忠 (b. 1943)

2006–2007 Du Qinglin 杜青林 (b. 1946)

2007–2012 Liu Qibao 劉奇葆 (b. 1953)

2012— Wang Dongming 王東明 (b. 1956)

29. Taiwan (aka Formosa) Taiwan 台灣 is not a province of the PRC but of the sovereign and independent Republic of

China (Zhonghua minguo 中華民國, abbrev. ROC)—see file about politicians in Taiwan/ROC!

30. Tianjin (aka Tientsin, Tienchin) Administrative status of Tianjin 天津: special municipality (zhixiashi 直轄市) of the PRC, full

name in Chinese: Tianjin zhixiashi 天津直轄市


1949–1952 Huang Jing 黃敬 (1911-1958)

1952–1955 Wu De 吳德 (1913-1995)


1958–1963 Li Gengtao 李耕濤 (1912-1974)

1963–1966 Hu Zhaoheng 胡昭衡 (1915-1999)

1967–1978 Xie Xuegong 解學恭 (1916-1993)

1978 Lin Hujia 林乎加 (b. 1916)

1978–1980 Chen Weida 陳偉達 (1906-1990)

1980–1982 Hu Qili 胡啟立 (b. 1929)

1982–1989 Li Ruihuan 李瑞環 (b. 1934)

1989–1993 Nie Bichu 聶璧初 (b. 1928)

1993–1998 Zhang Lichang 張立昌 (b. 1939)

1998–2002 Li Shenglin 李盛霖 (b. 1946)

2002–2007 Dai Xianglong 戴相龍 (b. 1944)

2007— Huang Xingguo 黃興國 (b. 1954)


1949 Huang Kecheng 黃克誠 (1902-1986)

1949–1953 Huang Jing 黃敬 (1911-1958)


1958–1966 † Wan Xiaotang 萬曉塘 (1916-1966)

1967–1978 Xie Xuegong 解學恭 (1916-1993)

1978 Lin Hujia 林乎加 (b. 1916)

1978–1984 Chen Weida 陳偉達 (1906-1990)

1984–1987 Ni Zhifu 倪志福 (1933-2013)

1987–1989 Li Ruihuan 李瑞環 (b. 1934)

1989–1993 Tan Shaowen 譚紹文 (1929-1992)

1993 Nie Bichu 聶璧初 (b. 1928)

1993–1997 Gao Dezhan 高德占 (b. 1932)

1997–2007 Zhang Lichang 張立昌 (b. 1939)


2012— Sun Chunlan 孫春蘭 (b. 1950)

Note: Between Feb. 11, 1958 and Jan. 1, 1967, Tianjin was not a Special Municipality (zhixiashi 直轄市) of the PRC

but a provincial municipality (shengxiashi 省轄市) of Hebei Province.


90

31. Tibet Administrative status of Tibet西藏: autonomous region (zizhiqu自治區) of the PRC, full name

in Chinese: Xizang zizhiqu 西藏自治區; capital: Lhasa 拉薩


1956–1959 Tenzin Gyatso 丹增嘉措 [14th Dalai

Lama] (b. 1935)

1959–1964 Chökyi Gyaltsen確吉堅贊 [10th Panchen

Lama] (1938-1989)

1964–1968 Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme阿沛˙阿旺晉美

(1910-2009)

1968–1970 Zeng Yongya 曾雍雅 (1917-1995)

1971–1979 Ren Rong 任榮 (b. 1917)

1979–1981 Sangye Yeshi 桑吉悅希 aka Tianbao 天

寶 (1917-2008)

1981–1983 Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme (second term)

1983–1986 Dorje Tseten 多傑才旦 (b. 1926)

1986–1990 Dorje Tsering 多吉才讓 (b. 1939)

1990–1998 Gyaincain Norbu 江村羅布 (b. 1932)

1998–2003 Legqog 列確 (b. 1944)

2003–2010 Qiangba Puncog 向巴平措 (b. 1947)

2010–2013 Padma Choling 白瑪赤林 (b. 1951)

2013— Losang Jamcan 洛桑江村 (b. 1957)


1951–1965 Zhang Jingwu 張經武 (1906-1971)

1965–1970 Zhang Guohua 張國華 (1914-1972)

1970–1980 Ren Rong 任榮 (b. 1917)

1980–1985 Yin Fatang 陰法唐 (b. 1922)

1985–1988 Wu Jinghua 伍精華 (b. 1931)

1988–1992 Hu Jintao 胡錦濤 (b. 1942)

1992–2000 Chen Kuiyuan 陳奎元 (b. 1941)


2004–2005 Yang Chuantang 楊傳堂 (b. 1954)

2005–2011 Zhang Qingli 張慶黎 (b. 1951)

2011— Chen Quanguo 陳全國 (b. 1955)

Note: In Tibet the Han Chinese are a small minority—in 2000, the Tibetans were by far the

strongest ethnic group (92.769 percent of the population). Many Tibetans favour secession

from the PRC and the establishment of an independent Tibetan state. The flag shown on the

right is a symbol used by pro-independence activists. Furthermore, activists for a free Tibet

often use the Chinese term Tubo 圖博 instead of Xizang 西藏 when referring to Tibet.

32. Xinjiang (aka Sinkiang, Hsinchiang) Administrative status of Xinjiang 新疆: autonomous region (zizhiqu 自治區) of the PRC, full

name in Chinese: Xinjiang Weiwu’er zizhiqu 新疆維吾爾自治區; capital: Urumqi 烏魯木齊


1955–1967 Seypidin Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜

(1915-2003)

1968–1972 Long Shujin 龍書金 (1910-2003)

1972–1978 Seypidin Azizi (second term)

1978–1979 Wang Feng 汪鋒 (1910-1998)

1979–1985 Ismail Amet 司馬義˙艾買提 (b. 1935)

1985–1993 Tomur Dawamat 鐵木爾˙達瓦買提 (b.

1927)

1993–2003 Abdul’ahat Abdulrixit 阿不來提˙阿不

都熱西提 (b. 1942)

2003–2007 Ismail Tiliwaldi 司馬義˙鐵力瓦爾地

(b. 1944)

2007— Nur Bekri 努爾˙白克力 (b. 1961)


1949–1952 Wang Zhen 王震 (1908-1993)

1952–1967 Wang Enmao 王恩茂 (1913-2001)

1970–1972 Long Shujin 龍書金 (1910-2003)

1972–1978 Seypidin Azizi 賽福鼎˙艾則孜

(1915-2003)

1978–1981 Wang Feng 汪鋒 (1910-1998)

1981–1985 Wang Enmao (second term)

1985–1995 Song Hanliang 宋漢良 (1934-2000)

1995–2010 Wang Lequan 王樂泉 (b. 1944)

2010— Zhang Chunxian 張春賢 (b. 1953)

Note: In Xinjiang the Han Chinese are a minority (40.58 percent of the population in 2000).

The strongest ethnic group are the Uighurs (45.21 percent), many of whom favour secession

from the PRC and the establishment of an independent state, “Eastern Turkestan”. The flag


91

shown on the right is a symbol used by pro-independence activists.

33. Yunnan Administrative status of Yunnan 雲南: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Yunnan sheng 雲南省; capital: Kunming 昆明


1950–1955 Chen Geng 陳賡 (1903-1961)

1955–1957 Guo Yingqiu 郭影秋 (1908-1985)

1957–1964 Yu Yichuan 于一川 (1917-1990)

1965–1966 Zhou Xing 周興 (1905-1975)

1968–1970 † Tan Furen 譚甫仁 (1910-1970)

1970–1975 † Zhou Xing (second term)

1975–1977 Jia Qiyun 賈啟允 (1914-2004)

1977–1979 An Pingsheng 安平生 (1917-1999)

1979–1983 Liu Minghui 劉明輝 (1914-2010)

1983–1985 Pu Chaozhu 普朝柱 (1929-2002)

1985–1998 He Zhiqiang 和志強 (b. 1934)

1998–2001 Li Jiating 李嘉廷 (b. 1944)

2001–2006 Xu Rongkai 徐榮凱 (b. 1942)

2007–2011 Qin Guangrong 秦光榮 (b. 1950)

2011— Li Jiheng 李紀恒 (b. 1957)


1950–1952 Song Renqiong 宋任窮 (1909-2005)

1952–1959 Xie Fuzhi 謝富治 (1909-1972)

1959–1967 † Yan Hongyan 閻紅彥 (1902-1967)

1971–1975 † Zhou Xing 周興 (1905-1975)

1975–1977 Jia Qiyun 賈啟允 (1914-2004)

1977–1985 An Pingsheng 安平生 (1917-1999)

1985–1995 Pu Chaozhu 普朝柱 (1929-2002)

1995–1997 Gao Yan 高嚴 (b. 1942)

1997–2001 Linghu An 令狐安 (b. 1946)

2001–2011 Bai Enpei 白恩培 (b. 1946)

2011— Qin Guangrong 秦光榮 (b. 1950)

34. Zhejiang (aka Chekiang, Tschekiang) Administrative status of Zhejiang 浙江: province (sheng 省) of the PRC, full name in Chinese:

Zhejiang sheng 浙江省; capital: Hangzhou 杭州


1949–1955 Tan Zhenlin 譚震林 (1902-1983)

1955–1957 Sha Wenhan 沙文漢 (1907-1964)

1957–1958 Huo Shilian 霍士廉 (1910-1996)

1958–1966 Zhou Jianren 周建人 (1888-1984)

1968–1973 Nan Ping 南萍 (1918-1989)

1973–1977 Tan Qilong 譚啟龍 (1913-2003)

1977–1979 Tie Ying 鐵瑛 (1916-2009)

1979–1983 Li Fengping 李豐平 (1912-2008)

1983–1988 Xue Ju 薛駒 (b. 1922)

1988–1990 Shen Zulun 沈祖倫 (b. 1931)

1990–1991 Ge Hongsheng 葛洪升 (b. 1931)

1991–1997 Wan Xueyuan 萬學遠 (b. 1941)

1997–2002 Chai Songyue 柴松嶽 (b. 1941)

2002–2003 Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953)

2003–2012 Lü Zushan 呂祖善 (b. 1946)

2012 Xia Baolong 夏寶龍 (b. 1952)

2012— Li Qiang 李強 (b. 1959)


1949–1952 Tan Zhenlin 譚震林 (1902-1983)

1952–1954 Tan Qilong 譚啟龍 (1913-2003)

1954–1967 Jiang Hua 江華 (1907-1999)

1968–1973 Nan Ping 南萍 (1918-1989)

1973–1977 Tan Qilong (second term)

1977–1983 Tie Ying 鐵瑛 (1916-2009)

1983–1987 Wang Fang 王芳 (b. 1920)

1987–1988 Xue Ju 薛駒 (b. 1922)

1988–1998 Li Zemin 李澤民 (b. 1934)


2002–2007 Xi Jinping 習近平 (b. 1953)

2007–2012 Zhao Hongzhu 趙洪祝 (b. 1947)

2012— Xia Baolong 夏寶龍 (b. 1952)


92

6. Abolished provinces in the PRC—an overview

The number of the PRC’s provinces, their names and borders have in some cases undergone changes, most

significantly in two Chinese regions—Manchuria (dongbei 東北) and Sichuan (四川). Provinces that were abolished

since 1949 are listed below. Some provinces where disbanded right after the Chinese communists took control of

their territory during the Chinese civil war, others existed for are certain period before being abolished. The latter

ones featured dual leadership as common in the PRC. The heads of provincial administration had various titles like

provincial governor (shengzhang 省長), chairman of the province (sheng zhuxi 省主席) or chairman of the people’s

government (renmin zhengfu zhuxi 人民政府主席), the province’s CPP chief was usually called secretary of the

provincial committee (shengwei shuji 省委書記).

Provinces in Manchuria (northeast China) abolished before October 1, 1949 • Antung 安東省 [Andong sheng]: Antung had been a province of the Republic of China (Zhonghua minguo 中華民

國, abbrev. ROC). Before the PRC was established on Oct. 1, 1949, the Northeast Administration Commission

(dongbei xingzheng weiyuanhui 東北行政委員會) of the CCP Central Committee decided on May 9, 1949 to

abolish Antung Province, integrating it into Liaodong Province.

• Hokiang 合江省 [Hejiang sheng]: Hokiang had been a ROC province. Before the PRC was established, the

Northeast Administration Commission of the CCP Central Committee decided on April 21, 1949 to abolish

Hokiang Province, integrating it into Sungkiang Province.

• Hsing’an興安省 [Xing’an sheng]: Hsing’an had been a ROC province. It was abolished when the Inner Mongolia

Autonomous Region was established on April 23, 1946 and Hsing’an’s territory was included into Inner

Mongolia.

• Liaopeh 遼北省 [Liaobei sheng]: Liaopeh had been a ROC province. Before the PRC was established, the North-

east Administration Commission of the CCP Central Committee decided on April 21, 1949 to abolish Liaopeh

Province, splitting its territory between Jilin Province, Liaodong Province and Liaoxi Province.

• Nunkiang 嫩江省 [Nenjiang sheng]: Nunkiang had been a ROC province. Before the PRC was established, the

Northeast Administration Commission of the CCP Central Committee decided on April 21, 1949 to abolish

Nunkiang Province, integrating it into Heilongjiang Province.

LEADERS OF PRC PROVINCES ABOLISHED BETWEEN 1952 AND 1955

Ⓧ Chahar Chahar 察哈爾省 [Chahaer sheng]: Chahar Province (Manchuria) was abolished on Nov. 15, 1952. Most of its

territory was integrated into Inner Mongolia, parts of it into Hebei Province. Former provincial capital: Kalgan 張垣

= Zhangjiakou 張家口 [today in Hebei Province]

Administration chief CCP party chief Tenure Name (born/died)

1950–1952 Zhang Su 張蘇 (1901-1988)


1949–1952 Yang Gengtian 楊耕田 (1913-1952)

Ⓧ Jehol Jehol 熱河省 [Rehe sheng]: Jehol Province (Manchuria) was abolished on July 30, 1955. Its territory was distributed

between Inner Mongolia, Hebei Province, and Liaoning Province. Former provincial capital: Chengteh 承德 [today

in Hebei Province]

Administration chiefs CCP party chiefs Tenure Name (born/died)

1951–1953 Luo Chengde 羅成德 (1909-1990)

1953–1954 Shen Zhao 沈趙 (b., d. N/A)


1948–1949 Li Yunchang 李運昌 (1908-2008)

1949–1955 Wang Guoquan 王國權 (1911-2004)


93

Ⓧ Liaodong Liaodong 遼東省 [Liaodong sheng]: Liaodong Province (Manchuria) was established on April 21, 1949. On June 19,

1954 Liaodong Province and Liaoxi Province were merged, constituting Liaoning Province. Former provincial capital:

Andong 安東 (renamed Dandong 丹東 on Jan. 20, 1965) [today in Liaoning Province]


1950–1952 Gao Yang 高揚 (1909-2009)

1952–1954 Li Tao 李濤 (1905-1970)


1949–1950 Zhang Wentian 張聞天 (1900-1976)

1950–1952 Zhang Qilong 張啟龍 (1900-1987)

1952–1954 Gao Yang 高揚 (1909-2009)

Ⓧ Liaoxi Liaoxi 遼西省 [Liaoxi sheng]: Liaoxi Province (Manchuria) was created in January 1949, its establishment was

approved on April 21, 1949 by the Northeast Administration Commission of the CCP Central Committee. On June

19, 1954 Liaoxi Province and Liaodong Province were merged, constituting Liaoning Province. Former provincial

capital: Jinzhou 錦州 [today in Liaoning Province]

Administration chief CCP party chiefs Tenure Name (born/died)

1949–1954 Yang Yichen 楊易辰 (1914-1997)


1949–1952 Guo Feng 郭峰 (1915-1985)

1952 Yang Yingjie 楊英傑 (1912-1978)

1953–1954 Yang Yichen 楊易辰 (1914-1997)

Ⓧ Pingyuan Pingyuan 平原省 [Pingyuan sheng]: Pingyuan Province was established on Aug. 1, 1949 and abolished on Nov. 15,

1952. Its counties and cities were distributed between the provinces of Shandong, Henan, and Hebei. Former

provincial capital: Xinxiang 新鄉 [today in Henan Province]

Administration chief CCP party chiefs Tenure Name (born/died)

1950–1952 Huang Zhefu 晃哲甫 (b., d. N/A)


1949–1950 Pan Fusheng 潘複生 (1908-1980)

1950–1952 Wu De 吳德 (1913-1995)

1952 Pan Fusheng (second time)

Ⓧ Sikang Sikang 西康省 [Xikang sheng]: Sikang Province was abolished on July 30, 1955. Its territory was split between Si-

chuan Province and Tibet Autonomous Region. Former provincial capital: Kangting 康定 [today in Sichuan

Province]

Administration chief CCP party chief Tenure Name (born/died)

1950–1955 Liao Zhigao 廖志高 (1913-2000)


1950–1955 Liao Zhigao 廖志高 (1913-2000)

Ⓧ Suiyuan Suiyuan 綏遠省 [Suiyuan sheng]: Suiyuan Province (Manchuria) was abolished on June 19, 1954. Its territory was in-

tegrated into Inner Mongolia. Former provincial capital: Kweisui 歸綏 (renamed Hohhot 呼和浩特 on April 25,

1954) [today in Inner Mongolia]


1949–1950 Dong Qiwu 董其武 (1899-1989)

1950–1954 Yang Zhilin 楊植霖 (1911-1992)


1949–1952 Gao Kelin 高克林 (1907-2001)

1952–1954 Ulanhu 烏蘭夫 (1906-1988)

Ⓧ Sungkiang Sungkiang 松江省 [Songjiang sheng]: Sungkiang Province (Manchuria) was abolished on June 19, 1954. Its territory

was distributed between Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. Former provincial capital: Mutankiang 牡丹江

[today in Heilongjiang Province]


94


1951–1952 Feng Zhongyun 馮仲雲 (1908-1968)

1952–1954 Qiang Xiaochu 強曉初 (1919-2007)


1949–1952 Zhang Ce 張策 (1911-1999)

1952–1954 Li Changqing 李常青 (1904-1960)

[File last edited/updated on Tue, July 15, 2014]

Politicians in the People’s Republic of China

Documents

Transcript of Politicians in the People’s Republic of China