PHICAL SKETCHES

AMERICAN ARTISTS

FO UR T H ED ITION . REVISED AND E NLARGED

M ICH IGAN STATE L IBRARY,

LANSING1916

TJAN ALDE N W E IR .

final Academy of Design , N ew Y ork .

BIOGRAPH ICAL SKETCHES

AMERICAN ART ISTS

FOURTH ED ITION , RE V ISED AND E NLARGED

M ICH IGAN STATE L IBRARYLANSING

1916

THE NEW YORK

A STO R , LENO X A ND

TILDE N FOU N DA T I QNS

1 9 30

FO REWORD.

This bu llet in is the result of an increased publ i c demand for biographies of Amer i can art ists and other informat ion relati ve to the growthof art in Ameri ca . The demand has made i t advisable to issue a fourthedi tion

,revised and enlarged .

Many names are omi tted because the bu lletin being a departmentalpubli cation is necessari ly lim i ted in si ze.

‘ This publ i cation is not intended to be a h istory of American art nor

a direc tory of Ameri can artists ; the endeavor has been to select su chart ists as have recei ved internat ional recogni t ion or attrac ted the at

tent ion of the most impart ial and au thori tat ive art cri t i cs . A n exami

nation of the list of material to whi ch reference has been made wil lshow the fai thful work which has been done by the compiler, Miss HelenL . Earle, of th is departmen t .

MARY C . SPENCER ,

State L ibrarian .

TABLE OF CONTENTS .

Abbre v iationsAmerican Art in the LuxembourgB ibliographyB iographical sketches .

E tchers .

IllustratorsM embers of the Legion of H onor .

M ichigan ArtistsM iniature paintersM ural painters and stained glass designersPaintersSculptors

PORTRAIT SW eir, Julian AldenAbbey,

Edwin AustinAlexander, John WhiteBarlow

, M yron .

Beckwith, J. C arroll

B lakelock,R alph Albert

Inness,George

LaFarge, JohnM elchers

, J. Gari .

Nourse,Elizabeth

Rolshoven , JuliusSaint-Gaudens

,Augustus .

Sargent, John SingerTanner

,H enry O ssawa .

Whistler, James M cNeill

PAINTERS .

Abbey, Edwin AustinAi d

,George C .

Alexander, John WhiteAllston , W ashingtonAnschutz , Thomas PollockArmstrong , D . M aitlandB aker , E lizabeth GowdyBaker, E llen K endallBarlow, M yron

Beaux , C eciliaBeckwith, James C arrollBelcher, H ildaBellows, George W esley

Benson , Frank W estonB ierstadt

,Albert

B isbing , H . SingletonBlakelock , R alph AlbertBlashfield , Edwin H owlandBlum

, Robert Frederi ckB lumenschein , E rnest LeonardBlumenschein , M ary Shepard GreenBogert , GeorgeBorglum ,

J. Gutzon M .

Bouguereau , E lizabeth GardnerBowen , B enjamin JamesBreckenridge, Hugh H enry Gilder n

Breuer, H enry JosephB ridges, FideliaBridgman ,

Frederick ArthurBrown

,George Loring

Brown,John George

Browne, George E lm er

B rush , George DeForestC adwalader—Guild

,Emma M arie

C arlsen,Emil

C arpenter, Francis B ickwellC assatt, M ary

Champney, James W ells

Chapman , John GadsbyChase, W illiam M errittChurch, Frederick Edwin

Church,Frederick Stuart

C larke, Thomas ShieldsC ole, ThomasC oman

, Charlotte BuellCooper, C olin C ampbellC ooper

,Emma Lampert

C opley, John SingletonC ouse

,B anger Ir v ing

Cowles, Genevie v e AlmedaC ox, K enyon

C ox, LouiseC raig , CharlesC rane, BruceC rowninshield ,

FredericCurran

, Charles CourtneyDabo, LeonDabo

,Theodore Scott

Daingerfield , E lliottDamnat, W illiam T .

Da v ies, Arthur B .

Da v is, Charles H aroldDeakin

,Edwin

Dearth , H enry GoldenDeC amp , Joseph R odeferDeH aven , Frank

DeKay, H elen A . (M rs . R . W .

Deming , Edward W illardDessar, Louis PaulDewey ,

Charles M el v illeDewing , M aria OakeyDewing , Thomas W ilmerDillaye, BlancheDodson , Sarah Paxton BallDolph , John HDonoho ,

Gaines RugerDougherty,

PaulDufner

,Edward

Dunlap , M ary StewartDu v eneck ,

FrankE akins , Thomas

Eaton, Charles Harry

Eaton, WyattE lliott, Charles LoringE lliott, JohnEnneking, John JosephFarny, H enry

Fenn, H arry

Fisher, W illiam M arkFoote, W ill HoweForbes, EdwinFoster, BenFournier, Alexis JeanFowler, FrankFrieseke, Frederic C arlFromuth, Charles H enry

Fry, John HenningFuller, GeorgeGarber, DanielGaul, W illiam GilbertGay, WalterGenth, Lillian M atildeGibson, Charles Dana

Gies, Joseph W .

Gifiord , Robert SwainGlackens, W illiam J.

Grayson,C lifi

'

ord ProvostGroll, Albert LoreyGruppe

,Charles Paul

Guerin, JulesGutherz , Carl

H aggin, Ben AliHarding, ChesterHarding , GeorgeH arper, W illiam A.

H arrison, Lovell B irgeHarrison, Thomas AlexanderH assam

,Childe

H awthorne, Charles W ebsterH ealy, George Peter AlexanderH enri, RobertH iggins , EugeneH itchcock, GeorgeH omer, W inslowH opkin, RobertH orton , W illiam SamuelH ouston,

Frances C . Lyons

H ovenden,Thomas

H owe, W illiam Henry

Hubbell, H enry SalemHunt , W illiam M orrisHutchens, Frank TownsendInman, Henry

Inness, George

Inness, George, Jr.

Isham , SamuelIves, H alsey Cooley

Ives, Percy

Johansen, John ChristenJohnson, E astmanJohnson,

M arshallJohnston, John HumphreysJones, Hugh BoltonK eith, W illiamKendall , W illiam SergeantKirk, M aria LouiseKn ight, Daniel R idgwayKnox, Susan R ickerK o

‘

opman , AugustusK ost , Frederick W .

LaFarge, JohnLauber, JosephLawson,

ErnestLeigh, W illiam R .

Leroy, AnitaLeutze, EmanuelL ie, Jonas

Linde, Ossip L .

Little, J. W esley

Loeb , LouisLongpre, Paul deLow, W ill H .

Lucas; Albert PikeLuks, George B enjaminM acC ameron,

R obert LeeM acEwen, W alterM cLane, M . Jean

M acM onnies, Frederick W .

M acomber, M ary L .

M arin, JohnM artin, Homer DodgeM aynard, George W .

M elchers, J. GariM etcalf, W illard LeroyM iller, R ichardM illet, Francis DavisM inor, Robert C rannellM itchell, John JamesM onks , John Austin SandsM ora, F . LuisM oran,

EdwardM oran ,

M ary N immoMoran , PeterM oran,

ThomasM osler, H enry

M urphy, John Francis

Nast, ThomasNewcomb , M aria GuiseNewell, George GlennNicholls, Rhoda H olmesNoble, JohnNordi

'

elt, B ror J. O lsson

Nourse, E lizabethO chtman , LeonardO sthaus, Edmund H enry

Page, Walter GilmanPalmer, W alter LauntPape, EricParker, EdgarParker, Lawton S .

Parrish, StephenParton, Ar thurPaulus, Francis PetrousPaxton , W illiam M cGregor

Peale, Charles W atsonPearce, Charles SpraguePeixotto, Ernest C liffordPenfold, Frank C .

Perrault , I . M ariePicknell

, W illiam LambP latt, Alethea H illPope

,Alexander

Potthast , Edward H enry

Powell, W illiam H enry

Prellwitz , Edith M itchellPrellwitz

,H enry

Proctor, Alexander P .

Pyle, HowardQuinn , Edmond T .

Ranger, H enry W ardRead, Thomas BuchananRedfield , Edward W illisReid, RobertR emington, FredericReuterdahl, Henry

R ichards, W illiam TrostRobinson , TheodoreRolshoven , JuliusRyder, Albert PinkhamSargent, John SingerSartain

, W illiamSchille, AliceSchneider

,O tto J.

Schofield, W . Elmer

Scott, Emily M aria SpafordShannon, James JebusaShinn

, E v erettShirlaw

,W alter

11

Shulz , Adolph RobertSimmons, Edward EmersonSinger, W illiam H .

, Jr .

Slade, C . ArnoldSloan, JohnSmedley, William ThomasSmillie, James D .

Sonntag, W illiam LouisStanley, James M .

Steele, Helen M cK ay

Sterne, M auriceSterner, Albert E .

Stewart , Julius L .

Stuart , GilbertSully, ThomasSyl v ester, Frederick OakesSymons, George GardnerTanner, H enry O ssawa

Tarbell , Edmund C .

Taylor, W illiam LaddThayer, Abbott HendersonTiffany, Louis ComfortTillinghast, M ary E lizabethTrumbull

, John‘

Tryon, Dwight W illiamTucker

,Allen

Turner, Charles YardleyTurner, R oss SterlingTwachtman, John H enry

Ulrich, Charles FrederickVail

,Eugene

Van Elten, K ruseman

Vedder, ElihuVinton,

Frederic PorterVolk , DouglasVonnoh, Robert W illiamW alden

,Lionel

W alker,Hem'

y O li v erWalker

,H oratio

W alter,M artha

W atkins, SusanW augh, Frederick J.

W ebster, H erman A.

W eeks, Edwin LordW eir, Julian AldenW endt, Julia M . B rackenW endt, W illiamW entworth , Cecile deWhistler, James Abbott M cNeill

White, Thomas GilbertWhittredge, W orthingtonW iggins, C arleton

'

W iles, Ir v ing Ramsey

Adams, H erbertAitken,

R obert I .

B all, ThomasBarnard, George GreyBartlett , Paul W aylandBaxter, M artha W heelerBeach , ChesterB itter, Karl TheodoreB lumenschein ,

M aryShepard GreenBorglum, John Gutzon M .

Borglum, Solon H annibalBoyle, John J.

Brenner,Victor David

Burroughs, Edith W oodman (M rs .

Bryson Burroughs)C adwalader-Guild, Emma M arieCalder, A. SterlingC larke, Thomas ShieldsC ouper, W illiamC runelle, LeonardDallin ,

Cyrus EdwinDavidson, Jo

Demming , Edward W illardDonoghue, JohnDonoho

,Gaines Ruger

Duveneck , FrankEberle

,Abastenia S t . Leger

Elwell, Frank EdwinEvans, RudulphE zekiel, M oses JacobFairbanks, AvardFraser, James E arleFrench , Daniel ChesterFry, Sherry EdmundsonGrafty,

CharlesHosmer, H arrietHyatt, Anna VaughnK elly, James EdwardK emeys, EdwardK onti, IsidoreLadd, Anna C oleman

Lamb , Ella C ondieLauber, JosephLewis

,Edmonia

12

W illiams, Frederick BallardW oodbury,

Charles H erbertW oodwell , Joseph R .

W yant, Alexander H elwig

SCULPTOR S .

Linder,’

H enry

a gman,E v elyn B eatrice

Lopez , Charles AlbertLucas

,Albert P ike

Lukeman , H . AugustusM acdonald

,James Alexander W ilson

M aM connies, Frederick W .

M acNeil, C arol B rooks

M acNeil, H ermon AtkinsM anship ,

PaulM ears , H elen FarnsworthNadelman ,

E li

N eandross, SigurdN ey, E li zabethN iehaus, Charles H enry

Partridge, W illiam O rdwayPope, AlexanderPotter, Edward C larkPotter, LouisPratt , B ela L .

Proctor , Alexander P .

Quinn , Edmond T .

R eed, Earl H .

R emington , FredericRhind , J. M assey

Rogers, JohnR oth , Frederick G . R .

Ruckstuhl, Frederick W ellingtonSaint-Gaudens, AugustusSchuler, HansScudder, JanetShrady, H enry M erwinTaft, LoradoTilden , DouglasVedder, E lihuVonnoh, Bessie PotterW alker, Nellie Verne

W ard, John Q . A.

W arner, O lin L .

W einman ,Adolph Alexander

W endt , Julia M . BrackenW hitney,

Gertrude Vanderbilt.Yandell , EnidYoung, M ahoni

Abbey, Edwin AustinAhrens, E llen W .

Alexander, John W .

Bellows, George W .

B irch,R eginald Bathurst

Blashfield , Edwin H .

Blum,Robert F .

B lumenschein , Ernest LeonardBorglum , J. Gutzon M .

Breuer, H enry JosephChandler, George W .

C hristy, H oward ChandlerChurch

,Frederick S .

C lark, W alter Appleton

Cory,Fanny Y .

C ox, K enyon

C ox, LouiseC rowninshield , FredericDaingerfie ld , E lliottDeming , Edward W illardDewing , M aria O akeyDielman ,

FrederickDillaye, B lancheE aton,

Charles H arry

Elliott, JohnEmmet, Lydia FieldFenn,

H arry

Fisher,H arrison

Flagg, James M ontgomeryFournier

,Alexis J.

Fowler,Frank

Frost , Arthur BurdettGaul

, W illiam GilbertGibson

,Charles Dana

Glackens, W illiam J.

Green,E lizabeth Shippen

Guerin, Jules

Harding , GeorgeH arrison

,L . B irge

H itchcock , GeorgeH itchcock, Lucius W olcottHutt, H enry

Keith, W illiam

K eller,Arthur I .

Kelley, James EdwardKemble

,Edward W indsor

Kinney, M argaret W estK inney, Troy

ILLUSTRATOR S .

K irk,M aria Louise

Lamb,Ella Condie

Leigh , W illiam R .

Leroy,Anita

Loeb,Louis

Low, W ill H .

M cC arter, H enry

M cLane, M . Jean

M aynard, George W .

M illet , Francis Da v isM ora

,F . Luis

M oran ,Thomas

Nast,Thomas

Newell,Peter

N icholls, Rhoda Holmes

O akley, VioletPape

,Eric

Parrish , M axfield

Peixotto ,E rnest C lifford

Pennell, JosephPlowman , George TaylorPotthast, Edward H enry

Preston, M ary W ilsonPyle, H owardR einhart

,Charles Stanley

R emington ,Frederic

R euterdahl, H enry

R obinson ,Boardman

R obinson,Theodore

Seton,E rnest Thompson

Sherwood, R osina EmmetShinn

,E v erett

Shinn,Florence Sco v el

Sloan, JohnSmedley, W illiam ThomasSmith

,F . Hopkinson

Smith , Jessie W ilcoxSteele, H elen M cK ay

Stephens, Alice B arberSterner

,Albert Edward

Stilwell, Sarah S .

Taylor, W illiam LaddTurner, Ross SterlingVedder, E lihuW enzell

,Albert B eck

W right , M . Louise W oodYohn

,Frederick Coffay

14

ETCHERS .

Aid,George C .

Bacher, O ttoBeatty, John W .

Benson, Frank W .

B lum,R obert F .

Brown, George LoringC assatt , M ary

Chandler, George W .

Chapman, John GadsbyChurch, Frederick S .

Dielman,Frederick

Dillaye, B lancheDu v eneck , FrankFarrer, HenryFenn,

H arry

Forbes, EdwinGifford, R obert SwainGreatorex, ElizaH assam,

ChildeH iggins, EugeneH ornby, Lester G .

Hyde, H elen

Lauber , JosephLoeb , LouisM acLaughlin ,

Donald ShawM arin , JohnM erritt

,Anna Lea

MINIATURE PAINTER S .

Ahrens , E llen W etheraldBaer

, W illiam J.

Baker,E lizabeth Gowdy

Baker,M artha Susan

Baxter, M artha WheelerBayliss, LillianBeckington,

AliceC oudert, Amalia KussnerDix

,Eulabee

Emmet, Lydia FieldFuller, Lucia FairchildHallowell, George H .

H ills,Laura C oombs

Humphreys, M arie ChampneyInman

,H enry

M ielatz , Charles Frederick W illiamM itchell, John JamesM onks, John Austin SandsM oran, M ary N immoM oran, PeterM oran, ThomasM yers, Jerome

Nordfeldt , Bror J. Olsson

Parrish, StephenPaulus

,Francis Petrus

Pennell , JosephPitts

,Lendall

P lowman,George Taylor

Potter, LouisR eed

,E ar l H .

Roth , Ernest Da v idSchneider, O tto J.

Sloan, JohnSmillie, James D .

Sterne,M aurice

Stevens, H elen B .

Van E lten , Kruseman

W ashburn, CadwalladerW ebster, H erman A.

W eir,Julian Alden

Whistler , James M cNeil]

Woodbury, Charles Herbert

Josephi , Isaac E .

K endall, M argaret StickneyM albone, Edward GreeneM arsh

,Alice Randall

O tis, AmyPeixotto , Ernest C liffordR edfield , H eloise GuillouSchille, AliceSherwood, Rosina EmmetSouthwick , E lsie WhitmoreStanton ,

Lucy M ay

Thayer, Theodora W .

Welch, M abel R .

Whittemore, W illiam JohnW right, M . LouiseWood

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16

AMERICAN ARTISTS

O F T H E

LEGION OF HONOR .

(The Legion of H onor of France is the most vi tal and democraticorder in the world . I t is an order of meri t and has a genu inely .inter

national sign ificance.

I n the Paris salon the insignia of the order— the“red ribbon —1s the

highest award given to exhibi tors .

The following Amerl can pain ters and sculptors have received th is

coveted pri ze. )

Abbey, Edwin AustinAlexander, John W hiteArmstrong , D . M aitlandB artlett, Paul W aylandB ierstadt, AlbertB isbing , H . Singlewood

Bridgman,Frederic Arthur

C assatt , M ary

Dannat, W illiam T .

Gay, W alterH arrison,

T . AlexanderHowe

, W illiam H enry

Johnston, John Humphreys

Knight, Daniel R idgwayLaFarge, John

AMER ICAN A RT IN TH E LUXEMBOURG .

M . Benedi te, curator of the Luxembourg Museum,Paris

,is quoted

by the correspondent to the New York Sun as stating that the foreignscho‘

ols of art in the Luxembourg are represented as follows

AmericanBelgian .

British .

Dutch .

German and Austrian .

Italian .

RussianScandina v ianSpanish and PortugueseSwissTurkish

I t will be noted that the American works purchased by the FrenchGovernment ou tnumber those of any other country .

M acCameron, Robert LeeM acEwen

, W alterM acM onnies, Frederick W illiamM elchers, J. GariM illet, Francis Da v isM osler, H enry

Pearce, Charles SpragueSaint-Gaudens, AugustusSargent , John SingerStewart , Julius L .

Tiffany ,Louis C omfort

Vail, EugeneW entworth, C ecile deW histler, James M cNeill

17

M ICHIGAN ARTI STS .

Barlow,

Church,Frederick Stuart

C ouse, E . Ir v ing .

Dabo , Leon .

Dabo, T . ScottFoote, W‘illiam H oweFrieseke, Frederic C arlGies

, Joseph W .

Horton , W illiam Samuel .

H ouston ,Frances C . Lyons

I v es,Percy

M arsh, Alice, R andalls . .

M elchers, J. GariNewell, George GlenParker, Lawton SPaulus, Francis PPerrault , I . M ariePitts, LendallRolshoven , JuliusSmith

,Letta C rap

W enzell , Albert BW hite, Thomas Gilbert

3

Ionia,1873

Grand Rapids,1842

.Saginaw,1866

Detroit, 1868Detroit

,1870

. .G1and Rapids,1874

. . Owosso,1874

. Detroit,

. Grand Rapids , 1865. Hudson

,1867-1906

Detroit,1864

. C oldwater,.Detroit , 1860

Berrien C ounty ,1870

. Fairfield,1868

. Detroit , 1862

. Detroit ,. Detroit , 1875Detroit , 1858

.t t,1862

Detroit,1864

Grand Rapids,

18

ABBREVIATIONS .

P .— painter ; S .

— sculptor ; I .- illustrator ; E .

— etcher ; M in . P .— Minia

ture painter .

Am . M .— Ameri can magazine

Am . M . of A rt— Ameri can Magazine of ( cont inuat ionprogress )

Arch rec— A rchitectual recordA rt P .

— A rt and progressArts D .

— Arts and decorat ionB ookm— BookmanBrush P .

— Brush and pencilCanad M .

— Canadian magazineCent— CenturyChau t— Chatauquan

Cosmopol— Cosmopoli tan

Cur lit— Current l i teratureB elin— DelineatorGood H — Good housekeepingH arper— H arper’

s monthly magaz ineInd —IndependentI nt studio — International studioLi t d igest— Li terary digestMo illus— Month ly illustratorNew E ng M

— New England magazineNew repub .

— New republic19th Cent— Nineteenth CenturyNo Am— North Ameri can reviewO utl— O u tlookPub opin— Public opinionQuar illus uarterly illustratorR . of R s.

— Review of reviewsS crib M .

— Scribner’s magazine

W . work— World ’s work

Copyright by J. E . Purdy , Boston .

EDW IN AUST IN ABBEY .

BIOGRAPH ICAL SKETCH E S .

ABBEY,EDWIN AU STIN

, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . P h iladelph ia

,P a.

,Apri l

1,1 852 ; (1. London,

England,August 1 , 1 91 1 . At the age of fou r he

produ ced pen sket ches worthy of more than passing at tention and whennot more than fourteen

,H arper ac cepted some of his pen i llustrat ions.

H e studied a vear in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and

in 187 1,went to New York

,where he. jo ined H arper’

s art stafi . I n 1878

he was sen t by that publish ing house to England to gather material toi llustrate Herri ck ’

s poems . H is first paint ing in oil,

“M ay day morn,

”

was exhibi ted at the Royal Academy,London

,in 1890 and

“Fiametta’s

song” in 1894 . H e was unexcelled by any l i v ing artist in renderingmediaeval subjec ts . H is notable paintings in th is line are

“R i chard I I Iand Lady Anne

,

” “H amlet

,

” “Trial of Queen Katherine,

” “The penance

ofE leanor,

” “Daugh ters of King Lear,

” “Crusaders sigh ting Jerusalem ,

”

“Columbus in the new world .

”

H is series of decorations in the Boston P ub li c L ibrary embodyingthe story of the

“H oly Grail” is the most popu lar wall-paint ing inAmeri ca.

In 1909 he was commissioned to paint the coronation scene of k ingEdward VI I . This painting now hangs in Windsor Castle. H e decl inedthe in v i tation to paint the official pi c ture of King George’

s coronation .

M r . Abbey was honored by membersh ip in theleading art soc iet ies of

Europe and Ameri ca and recei v ed decorations from se v eral E uropeango v ernments in recogn i t ion of h is art isti c abi li ty . H e had a marveloustechnique

,was an i llustrator of the greatest power and original i ty and

has been mentioned as one of the four greatest draugh tsmen of the 19 th

century .

O f his brushwork , H enry S trachey says : “H e knows how to wield themagi c of the brush so tha t his painting apart from i ts color or form is

eloquent .At the time of his death he was engaged upon the commiss ion from

the state of Pennsylvan ia for decorat ive panels in the state capi to l a t

H arrisbu rg ; less than half of the work had been accomp lished .

Royal Cortissoz,the art cri t i c , says : “H e was very gay and l ikeab le,

you fel t in h im honesty and force and you could see just how his sterlingnature

'

poured i tself into h is work . In i t he sough t the truth , he wanted

22

to make it live ; wi th all his strength and with all his conscience he

strove for a reali ty that would tou ch men, make them think and feel .

H e achieved this aim and made his best monument in the decorations

at Harrisburg .

”

I n the Craftsman,Louis A . Holman, closes an article on the late Mr

Abbey and his work as follows : “I feel confident Abbey will hold his

place as one of America’s foremost colorists, as one of her rarest

draughtsmen,as the most poetic painter of mediaeval subjects in his

time and as the greatest illustrator that America has yet produ ced .

ADAM S,HERBERT

, ( S . ) b . West Concord, V t .

,January 28, 1858 . H e

studied sculpture five years under Mercie, Paris. On his return to the

Uni ted S tates in 1890,he engaged as art instructor in the Pratt Institute,

Brooklyn,N . Y .

,where for eigh t years he cri ticised the modeling . Mr.

Adams is a member of the Soc iety of American Artists ; associate mem ~

ber National Academy of Design, 1898 ; full member, 1899 .

H artmann says :_

“The best bust ever made in Amerl ca I s,In my

opin ion,H erber t Adams’ bust of his wife.

Taft in his“History of American scu lpture, says : “In M r . Herbert

Adams, the whole fraterni ty recognizes a master almost unequaled in a

certain form of sculpture as rare as i t is exqu isi te— the creation of

beau tiful busts of women There is noth ing so distinc tive in hisfigures of men .

”

M r . Adams’experiments in coloring his busts are exceedingly inter

esting . H e has shown a beau tiful color bust of “St . Agnes,

”a

“Portraitof a young lady” in tinted marble in bronze decorations

,and the “Rabbi ’s

daughter” in pink marble,with dress and ample wide spread sleeves in

wood wi th gold decorations.

“I t is in his choice and treatment of theseheads that M r . Adams reveals his true personali ty . (Lorado Taft. )I n his love of details he is closely akin to M . Dampt and M . Riviere

Theodore,the French sculptors .

H is latest work is a group wh ich surmounts the fountain in M cM illan

Park, Washington,D . C .

,erected by citizens of Mich igan in honor of the

late James M cM illan,U . S . Senator from Michigan .

AHRENS, ELLEN WETHERALD, (M in . P .

,I . ) b . Baltimore

,Md .

,June 6,

1859 . Pupil Boston Museum of Fine Ar ts under Grundemann ; P ennsyl

vania Academy of the Fine Arts under Eakins ; Drexel Institu te underPyle.

Recei ved second Toppan prize School of Pennsylvania Academy of

the Fine Arts, 1884, and other prizes for oil pain ting and m iniatures.

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JOH N WHITE ALEXAND E R .

25

ALEXANDER,JOHN WHITE , (P .

,I .

,Mural b . Allegheny

,1 ’a .

,O c tober

7,1856

,(I . New York

,M ay 31 , 1 915 . A pupi l of P rof . B enczur of the Royal

Academy,Mun i ch

,and of Frank Duveneck in Muni ch

,Veni ce and Flor

ence. H e was awarded many medals and won much distinc t ion at homeand abroad ; was elec ted Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, 1901 ; a member of Société Nat ionale des Beaux Arts

,Paris

,Muni ch S ecession ists,

International Society of Art ists,London

,and Vienna S oc iety of Paint

ers ; presiden t of the Nat ional S ociety of M ural Painters ; asso

c iate member of Nat ional A cademv of Design,

'1901 ; full member, 1902,and later president .M r . A lexander was a painter of portrai ts

,of mural decorat ions and

of many figure pi c tures with a distinc t decorat ive purpose. H is“Woman

in gray” hangs inthe Luxembourg ;“The green bow”

and“The picn i c”

have also been purchased by the French governmen t . H is “P ot of basi lreveals his talen t for ideal figure subjects. Of his “

S unligh t” wh ich wasawarded first-class medal at the 191 1 spring exh ibi tion of the CarnegieInsti tu te

,i t was said : “For grace of l ines

,rela t ive beauty of color and

tone,and i llusion of ligh t— sheer necromancy of the painter— th is work

is wi thou t a peer in the exh ibi tion .

”

O ther characterist i c pic tures are

“The mirrorWoman in pink .

F lowers”

The pianoA summer dayA ray of sunligh tP eonies” whi te

“The blue bowlM emoriesTenth museA toiler”

H is art ist i c instinc t was decorati ve,bu t his portrai ts of M rs . Alexan

der,Auguste R odin

,Walt IVhitman

,P rof . Chandler of Columbia, M rs .

IVheaton and others,show he could also master charac ter .

Armand Dayot, the French cri t i c , says : “From simply caressing thecanvass

,his brush has become penetrat ing and the pi c tures he now shows

us possess— and th is we consider the highest praise that can be bestowedupon h is talent— not only the charm of life bu t also an in tensi ty of

though t .”“H e sees

,as did Constable , onlv the beau ti fu l

,and the beau ti fu l life

is normal . ”

A bu tterfly'

A rose”

P andora

Q uiet hour'

I n the cafe'

A li t tle motherS tudy in black and

T he ring”

Autumn”

A meadow flower“T he gossi p

26

H is mural paintings,“Apo theosis of P i t tsburg in the Carnegie Insti

tute,and “The evolu t ion of the book” in the Library of Congress ( both

represent the glorification of labor ) are among the noteworthy ach ieve

ments of th is branch of art in America .

H is combinat ion of piquancy of form and piquancy of color is known

as the“A lexander l iqu id style.

” “Th is liquidi ty is simply musi c ex

pressed in terms of painting .

” Wi th M r . Alexander the real subject is

a p i c torial harmony based on the human form . (O utl . 95

The distinguishing trai ts of M r . John W . Alexander as a painter ofportrai ts are quali ty of line

,candor of impression and novel ty of tone.

”

(H arrison S . Morris,S erib . 25

ALLSTON,WASH INGTON

, (P . ) b . Waccamaw,S . C .

,November 5, 1779 ; d .

Cambridge,M ass

,Ju ly 9, 1 843. At six years of age his favori te amuse

ment was making l i t tle landscapes about the roots Of'

an old tree nearhis home. I n 1800he graduated from Harvard and in company wi th E dward Green M albone soon after went to London where through the assistance of Benjamin West

, who was then president of the R oyal Academy,he studied at that school . I n 1804 he v isi ted P aris and Spent four yearsin Rome where he obtained the name of the

“American Ti tian .

”

H is first work of importance,

“The dead man revived” gained a prize

of 200 guineas from the Bri t ish Inst i tu te and was . purchased by the

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. This was followed by “St .P eter liberated by the angel

,

” “Uriel and the sun” “

Jacob ’s dream”

and several smaller pi ctures which are in private galleries in England .

In 1818 he opened a studio in Boston and spen t the remainder of hislife in his nat ive country . The -most choice of his works were done afterhe returned to the Uni ted S tates

,and are now in Boston . H is wonder

ful weal th of color was his great dist inc tion .

Allston ’s repu tat ion as a poet and novelist was second only to that he

enjoyed as a painter.

AN SCHUTZ,THOMAS POLLOCK

, (P .) b . Newport,Ky ,

O c tober 5,1851 ; (1.

For t Wash ington,P a .

, June 16, 1912. H e studied art at the NationalAcademy of Design

,New York

,and at the Pennsylvania Academy of the

Fine Arts,P h iladelphia ; also with Dou cet and Bouguereau in Par is ; was

a member of the facul ty of the P ennsylvania Academy of the FineArts

,and had served the insti tu t ion for an uninterrupted period of

th irty-two years. H e received medals and prizes for his canvases shownin competi tive exhibi tions and was the painter of the popular SketchClub portrai ts which form the artisti c frieze of the club rooms in Philadelph ia.

27

M r . Anschu tz painted in pastels,water color and o ils but devoted h is

time mainly to teach ing . A s a teacher h is populari ty was almost without precedent . The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts owns two

of his finest works : “The Tanagra”and “Becky Sharp .

”

ARMSTRONG,D . MA ITLAND

, (P .

,S tained glass designer, ) b . Newburg, N .

Y .

,June 12

,1836. H e graduated at Trini ty College

,Hartford

,Conn ,

1858 ; practiced,

law a few years ; studied art in Paris and Rome ; wasUnited States consul to I taly ; direc tor American A rt Department, ParisExposi tion, 1878 member of the Society of American Artists

,1879 ; also

Architectural League. Associate member National Academy, 1906 ;

also a chevalier of the Legion of Honor of France.

M r. Armstrong is now a professional decorative artist,spec ializing in

stained glass work . The round dome of opal and amber glass,also the

side windows of the court room in the New York appellate court bu i ldingare his work

,and rank wi th the best in this line of art produced in

America.

BACHER,OTTO

, (E . ) b . Cleveland,O .

,March 31

,1856 ; d . Lawrence

Park Bronxville,N . Y .

,August 1 6

,1909 . Began his career as an art

student in 1874 . I n September 1874,he

(went abroad and spent some

time at Munich,from there he went to Ven i ce w i th M r. Duveneck and

his band of pupils. H is first experiments in etch ing were made in 1876,and were not su ccessful . H e established himself in Europe and againtook up the work in 1879, th is time wi th success.

Member of Society of Painter-Et chers,London ; associate member of

National Academy of Design,1906.

H is first etchings were mostly of pi c turesque German v illages and

bits ; but later works portray the beau ties of Venice.

H e has produ ced a large plate of Milan cathedral ; one of the interiorof Saint Marks and another of the Grand canal , Veni ce.

M r. Bacher was one ‘ of our ablest etchers . Sir Seymour Haden saidthat his series of Venet ian etch ings evinced a strong artisti c feel ing and

was characterized by “bold and painter-l ike treatment .” The LondonTimes speaks of him as

“a most formidable r ival of Whistler .

”

Knautft says “Celebrated as an etcher, draws landscape in pen and ink

that nearly equals his etch ing, and he is unsurpassed in pen renderings

of still life.

”

“Unlike M r . Duveneck,he dwells more upon the human than upon the

arch i tectural elements in the Venet ian panorama. H is most charac ter

istic plates Show work people of the sea-c i ty at their labors, Show lacemakers and bead stringers and washerwomen, ei ther in some dim interior

28

or in some sunny courtyard , or under some shadowy archway by thewater .

”

BAER,W ILL IA M J. (M in . P . ) b . Cincinnat i

,O .

,January 29 , 1860. Pupil

of Loefi tz in Mun i ch Royal Academy . The h istory of min iature-paint ingof the present generation in th is country began with the work done inth is field by M iss Laura C . Hills and M r . WilliamJ. Baer

,both of whom

were inspired by a love of smal l th ings,and admirat ion for the paintings

of the old masters which is more or less reflec ted in thei r work . Therewas a revival of a demand for portrai ts on i vory and in 1899 the American S ociety of Min iature P ainters

,was founded .

I n M r . Baer’s

“Pr imavera” he combines many of the best quali ties of

a good oil pain ting wi th a luminosi ty and brilliancy of texture only tobe ach ieved on i vory . Th is and such productions as h is

“Golden hours”

wi ll no doub t in t ime rank wi th the best work of M albone,while his only

r ivals in portrai ture today are Josephi, Miss Beck ington and the lateTheodora W . Thayer . ( I nt. studio 33 :c . )

“In his ideal pic tures,such as

“A girl wi th a rabbi t” he accompl ishesmuch of his best work . ( Cri t i c 47H is flesh tints are exqu isi te.

H e has chosen to erect a v ery h igh standard in min iature painting .

A t a recent exhibi tion of the Ameri can S oc iety of Miniature Painters,

M r . Baer Showed one large ivory— a full-length female figure,enti tled

Egeria” painted in ri cher,heav ier colors than is his custom

,also four

small portrai ts done in his usual masterly style. The likeness of M rs .

William Arrindell Shearson in lavender and whi te lace revealed h is ski llin exqu isi te finish and deli cacy of touch .

”( I nt. studio 43 zsup. xxi . )

BAKER,EL IZABETH GOWDY

, (P .

,M in . P . ) b . Xen ia

,O .

,1860. A pupi l

of the Cooper Union, A rt Student ’s League of New York,New York

S chool of A rt,Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

,Cowles A rt

School, Boston ; under Frederi ck Freer, Wi lliam M . Chase and H . Siddons Mowbray .

Received 'medal at Cooper Un ion ; is a member of the Boston A rt S tu

den ts’ Assoc iation and A rt Workers Club for Women,New York .

M rs. Baker’s spec ialty is portrai ts inwater-color . She is especially

successful with pi ctures of children .

I n her work she uses a heavy impor ted paper and claims that hermethod enables her to get the strength of oil with the daint iness of

water-colors.

M rs . Baker rarely exhibi ts and her portraits are in pri vate homes.

29

BAK ER,ELLEN KENDALL

, (M rs . Harry Thompson ) , (P . ) b . Fairfield,

N . Y .

,d . December . 4

,1913 at her home

,The Croft

,Chalfant

,S t . Giles

,

England at the age of 74 years . Studied in Paris under Charles Muller,Pau l S oyer

,and H arry Thompson

,an English art ist

,whom she married

in 1896.

M rs . Thompson has exh ibi ted in the P aris salons since 1879,also at

Muni ch , St . Petersburg, New York , P hi ladelph ia, Chicago and Detroi t,

and is represented in Bu ffalo,Detro i t and Minneapolis .

A charac terist i c painting “The young artist

,

” was exhibi ted in the

P aris salon of 1885,and is now owned by the Detro i t Museum of A rt.

BAK ER,MARTHA S U SAN

, (M in . P . ) b . E vansv ille,I nd .

,December 25 ,

187 1 ; (1. Ch icago,I ll .

,December 21

,191 1 . A pupi l of the Chicago A rt

Insti tu te,she won the Mun i c ipal A rt League P urchase pri ze, 1895 ; first

pri ze for min iature in the A rché salon Ch icago,1897 ; bronze medal

for miniature paint ing at S t. Lou is Exposi t ion 1904 ; si lver medal A rt

Insti tu te,Ch icago

,1905

,and recei ved honorable mention for oil paint

ing at the Carnegie Inst i tu te,P i t tsburgh

,1904 . A well-known wri ter

in a rev iew of her work, says : “H er subsequent progress has been as

steady and br illiant as i t has been well-deserved .

” She was instruc torboth in the A rt Inst i tu te and at the Academy of Fine Ar ts and one of

the four Ch icago artists represented at the P aris Exposi tion in 1900.

At the 12th annual exh ibi t ion of the Ameri can S oc iety of MiniaturePainters

,She exh ibi ted a large composi t ion en t i tled “S pringtime”

a

nude ch i ld playing wi th Chrysanthemums on the floor . Two small headswere also exh ibi ted— “

M aster Gifford Ewing”and

“Miss Mar ion Tooker”

painted against pure i v ory background . Although less ambi tious,these

min iatures were more representat ive of Miss Baker’s gift for strong

penetration of cha'

Iflacter and Showed her indiv idual techn ique .

She has also done some mural work— decorat ions in the hall of the

Fine Arts Building,Chicago .

A gem in water-colors is her “Lake front— Ch icago .

“H er style is charac ter i zed by an almost mascul ine force and direc tness

,a nai ve obedience to truth and a deligh tful simpli c i ty . H er knowl

edge of form is ably expressed in her unerring draugh tmansh ip .

”

( I nt.

studio

BALL, THOMA S, ( S . ) b . Charleston,Mass

,June 3,

18 19 ; d . December 1 1 ,191 1 . H is first stud ies were devoted to portrai t painting and his most.celebrated paint ing is a fu ll length portrai t of Daniel \Veb ster . H e also

painted several scrip ture subjects wh ich were h igh ly praised for fine

coloring .

M YRON BARLOW .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

2

wh ich permitted none of their del i cacy to be lost . They are novelt ies incolor bu t so harmonious and individual that

'

they are a pleasure to lookupon .

E . A . Taylor in wri t ing of Amer i can art ists in Par is says of Mr. B arlow ’

s art :“To S impl ify an understanding of his art

,I migh t say he

paints the luxury of the poor M r . Barlow designs his work "

he is not a slave to nature ready-made ; his work is always decorat ive,not decorated, and his color, broad and simple ; though brigh t at t imes,i t is never disturbing by a lack of harmony .

”

“H e claims to be one of the first in the art world to poin t blue pi ctures . These are h igh in key, and h is figures are generally placedagainst a very l igh t or wh i te background . Vermeer is the old masterwhose work he constantly studies .

”

( Int. studio 54 zxxvi ii . )For se v eral years M r . Barlow li ved at E taples

,France

,where he

found his favori te subjec ts— the French peasants . H e has recently re

turned to the Un i ted S tates .

BARNARD,GEORGE GREY

, ( S . ) b . Bellefonte,P a .

,M ay 24

,1863. A S a

youth he de v eloped a taste for natural h istory ; became familiar withbirds and their habi ts and

,self-taugh t

,at tained Sk ill as a taxidermist .

Apprenti ced to a local jeweler,he became a ski lled letterer and en

graver . At the age of sixteen he went to Chicago and entered the A rt

Insti tu te. With $350 which he was paid for a portrai t bust,he went

to P aris and studied in the Atel ier Cavelier . After three years he tookup a studio at Vaugirard , near the port of Versai lles

,where in 1885

he finished the “B oy” in marble and in 1887 began the

“Brotherly lovefor a Norwegian monumen t . H e began the group called “Two natures( suggested by a line from one of Victor H ugo ’

s poems ) in 1890, and pu ti t into marble in 1894 . That year h is work was exh ibi ted in the salon

of the Champs de M ars and he was immediately elec ted an associate of

of the S ociété Nationale des Beaux Arts .

The Figaro said : “M r . Barnard is possessed of very great qual i ties,the first of which is the freshness of eternal youth .

”

M . Thiebault S isson,art cri ti c of the Temps

,said : “W e have a new

comer, George Grey Barnard , who possesses al l the quali t ies of a greatmaster .

M r . Barnard returned to the Un i ted S tates in 1896 and made a publ i cdisplay of h is works in the Logerot Gardens, New York . H is

“P an”

surmounts the fountain at Columbia Un iversi ty,New York

,and has

been pronounced “one of the strongest and most original th ings yet done

in sculptu re .

” The hewer”shows not only scu lptural “bigness” bu t

“re v eals an unusual emphasis in the mat ter of straigh t lines and p lanes.

which gives i t remarkable carrying power .

” The“R ose maiden

,

”a

33

memorial figu re, is a work in wh ich a new and tender element has en

tered .

“The figure is a poem of sweetness and mystery , and grows fragrant wi th the dew o f spring .

"

Wi lliam A . Coffin says : “H e is an analys t in though t,and a syntheis t

in execu tion . H is work shows dec ided psycho logi cal ben t . H e apparently cares more for force and v i tal i ty than for so ~cal led beau tyT he splendid v igor and pure art istic power of h is work ent i t le it to berecei v ed wi th enthusiasm .

”

A late triumph is his work— two groups composed of more thanthirty heroi c figures

— for the facade of the P ennsy l v an ia capi tol .

O n Fort Wash ington H eigh ts— O ne hundred and eigh ty -n inth s treet,

New York,is located “

The Clo isters , ” the first Goth i c mu seum in the

Uni ted S tates— the latest personal ach ie v emen t of George G rey B arnard .

The storv of the assembling of th is col lect ion is an interest ing one .

M r . Barnard says tha t he has long been ambi tions to recons truc t theou t lines of a great epoch in art and gain for h imself

,and o thers , a new

inspiration from the labors of the scu lp tors who li v ed and wrough t inmediae v al t imes . Whi le studying in France he took long tramps throughthe peasant distri c ts and there d iscovered and personally exca v atedthese reli cs of the 12th and 13th centuries . During the French Revolut ion

,abbeys

,chapels

,chu rches and cathedrals were stri pped of their

treasures and prac t i cal use made of'

them ; columns, statues and memorials were u sed to support and strengthen walls , w ine v ats and farmouthouses of the peasantry . M r . Barnard ’

s account of how he gainedpossession of some of these rare rel i cs is mos t interest ing .

I n wri t ing of . the interior of“The C lo isters ; E lbert F . B aldwin sa v s :

'

With in is one of the'

most remarkable collect ions of sculptu re e v er

exh ibi ted in th is country . Indeed,outside of the Lou v re and C lunv

mu seum s i t may be the finest of anv collec tion of French Go th ic s tatues ,

has-reliefs,capi tals and al ter car v ings . ( O utl . 109 :199 . t

BARTLETT,P AUL WAYLAND , ( S . ) b . N ew H a v en , C onn 18 1373. A S a

boy modeling in the garden o f h is home at M arly , France , be at trac tedthe at tention of the famou s scu lptor F rem iet‘ who ga v e h im ins tru c tions

in his class in animal scu lptu re and d raw ing in the Jardin tlcs I ’ lan tes

in P aris . At the age of fou rteen he exh ib i ted in the salo n a bu s t o f h is

grandmo ther, and a year later he entered the E cole des 3eaux A r ts : attwenty -two his group “T he Bohemian bear tamer was shown in the

salon . H e d id some remarkable things in bronze cas ti ng , and a co l lc c ~

tion of h is bronzes was exh ibi ted in the salon o f 1897» and won fo r h imhonors .

Later ach ie v ements occupy places of honor in the Uni ted S tates .

In the reading room of the L ibrarv of C ongress are th ree well-known

5

34

statues by him “Columbus and“M i chael Angelo .

” Of the lastmentioned , the ed i tor of

“ The artist,

”says : “O ne of the noblest modern

statues in Ameri ca is“undoubted ly that of M i chael Angelo by

Paul Way land Bartlet t , in the Library of Congress .

”

H is “Dying lion is a work of appealing strength and beauty . H is

statue of General W arren,the early martyr of the revolution ,

is at

Roxbury . The Death of W arren in low relief on the pedestal, hasbeen callet “

a funeral march in bronze.

" H is equestrian statue of La

fayette, which the school ch ildren of the Uni ted S tates presented to

France,stands in the cour t of the Tuileries,

“the most coveted Si te in

P aris .

”

Carries, the French pot ter sculptor,says of h im :

“H e reminds me of

those artesans of the renaissance who had noth ing bu t art in vieW'

and

mind .

”(New E ng . M . 33

“M r . Bartlett is primarily a scu lptor of the specific . \Vhat he mostdeligh ts in is the presentation of ac tual charac ters of h istory or of

defini te emo tions .

”

( CraftsmanThe French ha v e showered upon th is Ameri can scu lptor nearly everyhonor in their gift ; he

“

was elected cheval ier of the Legion of H onor at

the age of th irty,S ince wh ich time his works have beenhors concours in

the P aris salons . Elec ted an associate member National Academy of

Design, 1916 .

M r . Bart let t was selec ted from a l ist of scu lptors submi tted by theNational S cu lpture S ocietv to des ign the group of figures to be placedin the ped iment of the H ouse w ing of the Capi tol at \Vashington, D .

C . The work,now near ing complet ion ,

has consumed Se ven years of

time. The subjec t is the “Apotheosis of Democracy .

” “P eace” is the

central figure protec ting “Genius .

” Figures in one half of the pedimen trepresent agri cu ltural and pastoral occupation ; in the other

,variou s

forms of industry— printing , ironworking, text ile manufac turing .

‘

The

ends symbolize the Atlant i c and P acific oceans.

“The ent ire composi tion is remarkable for its variety and interest .

The figures are grouped in masses of ligh t and Shadow,avo iding the

monotony of the usual pediment groups M r . Bartlet t has Shownin his work how sculpture can become modern withou t ceasing to be

monumental .” (Arch . rec . 39

BAXTER,MARTHA WHEELER

, (M in . P .

,S . ) b . Vermont

,1869 . A pupil

of the Pennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine . Arts and the A rt S tudents’

League of New York under Mowbray , C ox, Beckwi th and F . V . DuMond .

S tud ied miniature painting under Mme. de B illemont-Chardon and Mlle.

S chmi tt in P aris and Mme. B ehenna in London.

35

R ecei ved honorable mention at the P ari s Exhibi tion of 1900. I s a

teacher.

BAYL I S S,LILL IAN

, (M in . P . ) H as recei v ed recogn i t ion as a min iatu repainter. H er i vory work of M adame Gabrielli d isp lays a dist inc t powerof characterizat ion A S a whole she produ ces resu lts pecu liarfor a refinement

,a S impl i c i ty of tone and surface and a digni ty of the

use of color . ( Cri t i c 47

BEACH,CHE STER ( S . ) b . S an Francisco

,Cal .

,1881 . Pupil Of Verlet

and Roland in P aris . Recei v ed Barnet t pr i ze Nat ional Academy of De

sign,1909 . Assoc iate member Nat ional Academy , 1908 ; also member

P aris Ameri can Artists A ssoc iat ion and Nat ional S culpture S oc iety .

O f his smal l bronzes,a cri t ic wri tes : “H is expression is symboli c to a

considerable degree and is the ou tcome of a serious and thoughtful mind .

H is statuet tes suggest beautiful pic tures that direc t themsel v es princ i ~

pally to the imaginat ion and by their gent le and graceful motion re

mind one of_ passages of musi c beaut iful ly phrased and perfec t in

rhythm .

”(Arts D .

“O f the more purely imaginati v e scu lp

ture, the largest and in some respec ts the most ambi tious work in th isexh ibi tion ( 1 10th P . A . F . A . ) was Chester Beach

’s

“Unfolding of L ife”

figures in wh ite marble of abou t half life-si ze”

( S erib . M . 55

BEATTY,JOHN W .

, ( E . ) b . P i t tsbu rgh,P a .

, Ju ly 8 , 185 1 . D irec tor of

Fine Arts,Carnegie Inst i tu te , P i t tsburgh since 1896 . S tudent of M uni ch

Academy of Fine A rts. H e was a member of the j ury on paint ing forPennsyl v ania and New York at Columbian Exposi t ion

,1893

,member

Nat ional ad v isory board P aris E xposi t ion ,1900

,fine arts committee

P an-Ameri can E xposi t ion ,Buffalo , 1901 , and Nat ional ad v isory commit

tee S t. Lou is Exposi t ion, 1904 .

Execu ted the etch ing “Return to labor .

”H is two well-known land

scapes are“P lymouth hi lls”

and“Ch i ltonvi lle.

” Author : “A n apprecia

tion of Augu stu s Saint -Gaudens .

BEAUX,C EO I LLA ( P . ) b . P hi ladelph ia, P a .

,1863

,and is of French de

scent . M rs . Thomas A . Jan v ier ga v e her her firs t lessons in drawing ;She was also a pupi l of W

' i lliam S artain and won general recogni t ion as

an able portrai t painter . T he first of her works to bring her fame was“Last days of infancy

,

” whi ch was exhibi ted at the P hi ladelphia Academy in 1885

,and won the p rize for the best pain ting by a res ident

woman art ist ; she also won the same prize in 189 1 , 1892 . M issBeaux spent the winter of 1889 -90 in P aris studying in the l ife c lasses

of the Académie Jul ien under Bouguereau , Robert -F leury and Benjam in

36

Constant ; also at C olarossi’s where her drawings were cri t ic ised by

Courtois and Dagnan-Bouveret . S pending the summer at Concarneau ,she was a ided by suggestions from A lexander H arrison and Charles

Lasar . After a v isi t to I taly and England she returned to P hi ladelph ia .

I n _1893 She won the gold medal of the P h iladelphia A rt C lub for theportrai t of Dr . Grier ; also the Dodge pr ize of the Nat ional Academyof Design for her portra i t of M rs . S tetson . M iss Beaux was the seventhwoman to whom the honor of an elec tion to membership in the S ocietyof Amer i can Artists was awarded . I n 1894 she was elec ted assoc iate of

the Nat ional Academy of Design ,being the th ird woman to gain admis

sion ; elected full“member in 1902 . S he is recogni zed here and

'

abroad

as the most d istinguished of li v ing women pain ters .

To the salon of the Champs de M ars,Par is

,1896

,she sen t Six paint

ings . These were hung in a group,an unu sual d ist inct ion and brough t

to her an elec t ion as an assoc iate of the S oc iété Nat ionale des BeauxArts . (N at . Cy . Am . Biog . )H er figures are usually represen ted in repose or at least in arrested

ac tion,bu t “Dorothea and Francesca”

shows her power in renderingmotion with equal success . H er portrai t of M rs . Roosevel t is one of her

happiest creat ions .

“The dreamer

,

” “N ew E ngland woman,

” “S ita and

Sari ta,

” “The Cynth ia,

” “Ernesta and her li tt le brother,

”are all por

trai ts. M iss Beaux’s portrai ts are ne v er composi te ; they are not in any

sense types . H er ind ividual i ty is developed in two charac terist ics :brilliancy and refinement . ( Int . studio 41H er

“Banner bearer” is referred to as“a work of compelling strength

and con v incing simpli c i ty—

I

a work ut terly wi thout mannerism .

”

Giles Edgerton says : “I t is not once in a generation that a woman so

subverts her essentially charac terist i c ou tlook on l ife to her work thather art impulse becomes uni versal as that of the greatest men often is .

One feels that Ceci lia Beaux has

.

done th is in her portrai t work,as

George Eliot did in her stories.

BECK INGTON,AL ICE

, (M in . P . ) b . S t . Charles,M o .

,Ju ly 30

,1868 . A

pupil of A rt S tuden ts’ League,New York ; Lefebvre, B enjamin-Constant

and Lazar, P aris .

She received honorable ment ion P an-Ameri can Ex . B u ffalo,1901 ;

bronze medal S t. Lou is E x . 1 904 ; is a member of N . Y . Woman ’

s A rt

Club,also Ameri can S ociety M iniature Painters. Instruc tor at A rt

S tude'

nts’ League,New York .

Miss B eckington ’s work reveals a feel ing for the impression isti c and a

charming appli cation of i t . The portrai t of M rs . Buford is the bestexample of her work .

37

She treats her si t ters wi th a clear di rec tness and absence of non

sense,selec ting and refining her essentials w i th sani ty and taste

H er portrai ts increase stead ily in naturalness an an unwavering yetdeli cate defini t ion of fac ial charac ter . ( Cri t ic .

BECKWITH,JAME S CARROLL

, (P . ) b . H annibal,M O .

,September 23

,

1852 . S tud ied painting in Ch icago where his father was a merchant .Began h is art studies in 1868 under Walter Shirlaw and in 1873 enteredthe studio of Carolus-Duran

,subsequently studying at the Ecole des

Beaux Arts . R eturned to the Uni ted S tates in 1878,opened a stud io

in N ew York and began his p rofess ion as a portrai t painter . H e was

at once elec ted an instruc tor in the A rt S tudents’ League . Became an

assoc iate member of the Nat ional Academy , 1886 ; academician ,1894 .

M r . Beckwi th recei ved honorable mention in the P ar is salon of 1887 ,

and has painted portrai ts of many distingu ished residents of New York .

H is works are always signed " Carroll Beckwi th .

”

At the P aris Exh ibi tion in 1878,he exh ibi ted “The falconer” painted

when he was only twenty -five years old . H is portrai t of M rs . R . H .

M cCurdy, shown at the Academy E xh ibi tion of 1879,gave h im a defini te

posi t ion among the painters of New York ; that of Captain Joseph Lenti lhon

,exh ibi ted in the P ar is salon of 1887 and at the Uni versal E xposi

tion of 1889,recei ved awards in both cases . H is pi c ture “The authoress”

has been called a modern M ona L isa . I n “A baptism at Onteora”all

the figures are portrai ts,and the art is t and his wife are viewing the

procession from the shadow of the ch imney to the righ t .

M r . Beckwi th ’

s sk i ll in figure draw ing is Shown in the fol lowing

La Cigale'

Under the lilacs”

"The nau ti lus T he C hristian martyr“

Danse antique “

M other and ch i ld ”

The awaken ing “T he blacksmith”

The falconer”Judi th”

Azalia'

M r. Beckwi th ’

s work is di s tingu ished by a. bread th o f style and an

unerring grace wh ich is rarely met wi th ou ts ide o f continental schools .

”

(Ameri can art ists . )M r . Beckwi th wri tes and lec tu res on art and condu c ts a summer

school in painting at O u tet ra-ih -the-Catski lls .

B ELCHER,H ILDA

, ( P . ) b . P i ttsford,Vermont . S tudied at the New

York S chool of A rt.

The International studio wri tes of her“L i t tle Bos ton gi rl

J . CAR ROLL B ECKWITH .

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40

BENSON,FRANK WE STON

, ( P . E .

,M ural P . ) b . Salem

,Mass

,M arch 24,

1 862 . S tudied art at the Boston M useum of Fine Arts , also under B oulanger and Lefeb v re in P aris . H e has been the rec ipien t of a remarkablenumber of artisti c dist inc tions

,the ch ief s ignificance of which is that

they have been awarded by the artist i c profession . I s a member of Ten

Ameri can P ainters . S ince 1892 he has been instructor in draw ing inthe B oston M useum of Fine A rts . I n 1905 he was elec ted to full mem

hership in the Nat ional Academy and his list of honors and prizes re

ceived is a long one . H e has also won distinction by his sympathet i cand understanding in terpretat ion of ch ild life .

“Open-air work is the most familiar side of Benson ’

s art,and figure

subjec ts in the open air have made h im a studen t of the sea as wel l aslandscape

,and espec ially of both viewed under the eff ec t of sunligh t . ”

“Against the sky,” which M r . Benson considers one of the best things

that he has ever done like “E leanor,

”has the qual i ty of freedom for

which the “Ten”seceded . H is

“M oonligh t at sea'

has all the beau ty of

roman ce and technique.

“S ummer”is one of h is most successfu l decora

ti v e paintings .

A few of h is representative can v ases are

“O rpheusWinter stormG irl wi th vei l”

P ortrai t of three sisters'

In an old garden”

“Woman reading”

The hill top”wi fe. )

“S ummer afternoon

H e set before us v isions of the free life in the open air,with figures

of gracious women and lovely ch ildren,in a landscape drenched in sweet

sunl igh t and cooled by refresh ing sea breezes . The puri ty and charm of

the sentiment match the puri ty and charm of the color .

”

(Arts D .

M r. Benson ’

s paintings ( apart from his portrai ts ) have much shimmering color and radiance of l igh t

,a subtle effec t of seek ing the decora

ti v e in na ture herself . ” ( Int. studio 35 zxcix . )“H is pain t ings of women have someth ing of the sweetness of the old

fash ioned ideals of h igh -bred feminine grace and lo v eliness,wi th the

breadth and looseness Of the modern style of workmansh ip . H is pi ctures have the refinemen t of the 18th century Engl ish female types withthe freedom and v i v ac i ty of the 19th century Ameri can girl .

”(Brush

P .

My l i ttle girlLampl igh t”

Girl wi th black hatCalm morning”

Girl playing sol i tai reIn the spruce trees”

P ortrai t in wh i te '

( his

41

M r . Benson’s touch is ligh t and there is a painter-like quali ty in al l

h is work wh ich lends potency to interest as well as to charm .

“H is work is broad,simple and direc t ; he u ses clear , fresh color and

selec ts almost invariably very agreeable subjects . (A rt P .

M r . Benson has also done mural painting .

“T he graces”and

“The

seasons” in the L ibrary of C ongress

,being his work .

Forty-eigh t etch ings by M r . Benson were re cent ly d ispayed a t. a New

York gallery . This was h is first appearance as an etcher and showsthat “he has a bold and strong line and as in his paintings

,a fine com

posi t ion,sense of the picturesque and lo v e of na ture .

”

B IERSTADT,ALBERT . ( R ) b . Dusseldorf

,Germany

,January 7

New York,February 18

,1902 .

When one year o ld he was taken to N ew B edford where ll l S vou th was

spen t . At twenty-four he returned to his nat i v e town in Germany and

studied art under Lessing for four years,and in Rome for one year

,

making summer sketch ing tours to Sw i tzerland . H e returned to the

Uni ted S tates in 1 859 bu t made frequent tri ps to Eu rope. I n 1857 ac

companied General F . W . Lander ’

s exped i t ion to the Rocky M ountainsand collec ted material for h is most importan t p ictures .

F Settlemen t of Cali fornia by the S panish priest,Father Junipero

S er1 a”and

“T he d 1scove1y of the H udson r iver in the Capi tol at ash

ing‘

ton,

“View 011 the Kern ri ver”and Sunset among the S ierra Ne v ada

mountains” in the H ermi tage, S t. P etersbu rg , Streat trees of C aliforniain the Imperial palace,

Berlin,

“Es tes P ark “

owned by the earl Of I lunra v en

,

“Laramie P eak” in the Academy Of Fine Arts , Buffalo , and Amountain peak” in the Corcoran gallery at W ash ington . are among someo t

. h is best known works .

Tuckerman says : “NO more genuine and grand Ameri can work has

b een produced than B ierstadt’

s“Rocky mountains .

Medals were awarded to h im in Aus tria , Germany , B a v aria and B el

gium . H e was made a chevalier of the Legion of H onor of France. re

ceived the order of S t. S tan islaus of Russ ia and the Imperia l order o f

the M adj id i from the su ltan of Tu rkey . M r . B iers tad t was e lec ted mem

ber of the Nat ional Academy of Design . 1860.

B IRCH,R EG INALD B AT H U R S '

I‘

. ( L ) b . London , E ng land . M ay 2 .

came to the Un i ted S tates at the age o f s ixteen ; later stud ied art in

M uni ch and I taly . H e has d rawn much wi th the pen . most ly for“ S t.

N i cholas,” and may, ind eed be called the“Ch ild ren

’

s I llu s

trated“L i t tle Lord Fauntleroy .

" “

Lad y Jane. and"

T he story of B et ty .

M r . Birch is the i llustrator par excellence for ch ilt‘

l ren'

s s tories and

fairy tales . H is line is gracefu l and h is use of blacks exceedingly skilfu l .

42

B I SB ING,H . S INGLETON

, (P l— Ameri can cat tle painter— b . Philadel

ph ia,P a . , January 31 , 1849 . Began his art isti c career by studying wood

engra v ing . I n 1872 he was employed on Appleton ’s A rt Journal . H e

entered upon a cou rse of study under P rofs . Barth and Loefftz at Mun i chin 1876 and three years later became a pupi l of J. H . L . deH aas

,the

celebrated am inal painter of B ru ssels. In 1884 he removed to P ariswhere he continued his studies under Felix da Vuillefroy, also a notedanimal painter .

H is pi c tures, mostly animal subjec ts, have been exhibi ted at the Paris

salon .

H e recei v ed third -c lass medal at P ari s salon in 1891 ; Temple goldmedal at the exhibi tion of P ennsy l v an ia Academy of Fine Arts in 1892 ,

and was made a che v alier of the Legion of H onor of France in 1902 .

H is works are in P ennsyl v ania Academy of the Fine Arts , Philadelph ia

,Berlin National Gallery and in pr i v ate collec t ion of roval family

of Saxony . M r . B isb ing is a member of the Paris Soc iety Of Ameri canPainters and his paintings are hors concours at the P aris salon .

“B isbing paints large landscapes,satura ted by l igh t and air

, wi thcows somnolently resting in the sun .

”(M tither. )

B ITTER,KARL THEODORE

, ( S . ) b . Vienna,Austr ia. December 6, 1867 ;

d . New York City,April 10

,1915

,of inj uries recelved When he was run

down by an au tomobi le. S tudied art in the Vienna Academy of FineArts . From the age of sixteen he made efforts to come to Ameri ca bu td id not recei v e the consent of h is parents unt i l 1889 when he sai led forNew York . The first year in New York , unknown and prac ti cally friendless , he won in competi tion the order for one of the A stor Memorialgates

, of Trini ty Church .

M r . Bitter was connected w ith the Columbian Exposition as a decorator , wi th the P an-Ameri can and S t. Lou is exposi t ions as offic ial direc torof scu lpture

,and with the P anama-P acific as ch ief of the department of

sculpture.

O f h is“S tandard bearers in her01 c Size ( a personal contribu tion to

the P an-Ameri can Exposi tion ) , Lorado Taft says : “They were the fines tthings e v er devised for any exposi t ion .

” H is“Villard memorial” and

“H ubbard memorial” “are beautifully modeled and have abou t them an

atmosphere of poeti c grav i ty qui te unfami liar in M r . Bi tter ’s scu lpture.

”

H is bust of Dr . P epper,provost of the Un i v ersi ty of P ennsylvan ia

,is a

grat ifying success and shows beyond its admirable workmansh ip a subtleunion of kind liness and reserve which makes i t a convinc ing expressionof indi v idual i ty .

”

43

Among M r . Bi tter ’

s works are many figures and figure rel iefs for theresidences of the Vanderbi lts , C . P . H untington , John Jacob A stor and

o thers. More numerou s are his decorations for publ i c bu i ld ings,l ibr

aries , churches , stores , etc . Notab le are the enormous reliefs for the

Broad street stat ion of the Pennsyl v ania Railroad at P h i ladelph ia . H is

groups of ch i ldren are happy ideas for small fountains .

H e was elec ted an assoc iate member of the Nat ional Academy of De

sign, New York , in 1902 ; academ i c ian , 1903 and was a member Of theNational S cu lpture S ociety

,N ew York A rch . League and S ociety of

Ameri can ArtistsM r . Bitter'

s statue of Thomas Jefferson for the Uni v ersi ty of V ir

ginia was unveiled a few days after his death . H e was to have been the

guest of honor at the ceremon ies . H is last work was the H endrik H ud ~

son statue to be placed on Spuyten Duyvi l H i ll .

BLAKELOCK,R ALPH ALBERT ( R ) b . New York

,O c tober 15

,1847 . The

son of a physi c ian he. was educated wi th a v iew to adopting his father ’

s

profession bu t he was naturally gifted in the line of mus i c and paint ingand the sc ience and prac t i ce of medic ine d id not at trac t h im . B eh onne

ing the career of a physi c ian and resol v ing to take up the profession of

painting,wi th no art training whate v er

,withou t gu idance or assistance,

he opened a studio in New York . The story of his l ife is a pi tifu l one ~

one of the saddest in the h istory of Amer i can art. The hardsh ips and

pri vat ions which he endured unset tled his mind and he was confined inan insane asylum for nearly. se v enteen years.

After fifteen years confinement,the Nat ional Academy of Design

elec ted him to associate membersh ip a tardy recogn i t ion of h is gen ius .

I t is now belie v ed that his dement ia has been arrested— he has beencalm for a long period of t ime and has again taken to paint ing . H e

has been freed from the asylum and was permitted to visi t the exhibi

tion of 11 18 paint ings held in A pri l,

at the R einhard t Gallery to

raise a fund for his benefi t . S ince th is latest exh ibi t ion he has beenad v anced to fu ll membership in the Nat ional A cademy of Design.

_Eleven paintings wh ich brough t B lakelock less than were re

cently sold in the Lambert collect ion for“B rook by moon

ligh t” was bough t by the Toledo M u seum of A rt for (B lakelocksold i t for Th is is the third h ighest pri ce e v er pa id for an

Ameri can ’s work~— an Inness sold for in 1903

,and a Homer

for very recently . A few years ago another “Moonligh t " whichB lakelock sold for $50 was pu rchased by a wel l-known art collec tor for

Charac teristi c examples of his work are'

R ALPH ALB E RT B LAK E-LO CK .

'Moonrise O ctober sunshineAt nature’

s mirror Redwoods, Cali forniaS oli tude” ‘

Indian girl,U inta tribe

“Sunset

,Nevarra R idge “Navajo blanket makers”

“T he mounta in brook “

Indian fisherman”

Sunset off the coast R annoch wigwam in peacefu lSunset through the wood vale”

M orning T he captive”

Moonligh t ’'

T he canoe bu ilderCool wooded shades “Abode Of the stately deer '

The oak tree” “S tory of the bu ffalo hun t”

B lakelock’s canvasses are li t tle less than a revelat ion of his wide

range of expression and of h is varying moods They includepeacefu l and poeti cal pastorals

,sunsets glowing even to the po int of the

garish,moonligh t su ffused w i th a bewitch ing sil v ery sheen

,landscapes

in which there is no suggestion of human life,Indian groups for which

the landscape serves bu t as a set ting T he can v ases convey the impression of a strong poet i c temperament dominated wi th a moodinesswhich struggles with and final ly extingu ishes free

,glad

,art isti c expres

sion .

“H e was essent ially a coloris t,and the pecul iar charm of his work

lies in the fac t that he had the audac i ty to at tempt and the abili ty to

Ob tain tonal effec ts that at once stamped his canvasses as remarkableI t has been said of h im that he stands qu i te alone among

Ameri can artists as an original creat i v e gen ius whose endowmen t wasunusually artist i c and whose sense of the beau tiful was pecu liarlyacu te .

”

(Bru sh P .

“I t is then a sent iment or an emot ion that B lakelock conveys,rather

than beau ty of form or harmonv of co lor , rather than idea or story .

But his sent iment or emo tion does not appear to be one of the commonsent iments or emot ions . I t is not that he makes 11s melancho ly or cheerful ; i t is someth ing different

,someth ing elusi v e

,something that we call

romanti c H is wor ld is sugges ted bv reali ty bu t i t is h is own .

I t is a painter ’

s world and to come to i t you mu s t come by the painter’

s

way.

"

( Edward E . H ale in Dial

BLA SHFIELD,EDW IN H owu xn, tl

’. Mu ral I . ) b . New York . Decem

ber 15,1848 . lVas edu ca ted in B o s ton Latin S chool . S tud ied in P aris .

1867,under Leon Bonnat , also rece i v ed ad v i ce from Gerome aml.

Exh ibi ted at the P aris salon 18 44-9, 188 1 , 189 1. 18 92 ; also se v eral y ears

at Royal Academy , London . Retu rned to the Uni ted S tates 188 1 . Amember of the Nat ional Academy Of Design , New York , since 1888 .

46

P resident National S ociety of M ural P ain ters . H e has exhibi ted genrepic tures

,portrai ts and decora tions and lec tured on art at Columbia,

Harvard and Yale and in prominent c i t ies of the Un i ted S tates,his

lecture on“M un i cipal art

” being regarded one of the best lec tures on

art ever given in this country .

‘

I n collaboration with his wife he prepared numerous i llustrated ar

ticles for S cribner, Centuryand o ther leading magaz ines on subjects connected with mediaeval or renaissance art

,or noted places of the old

world . Among the most noteworthy and interesting of these may be

mentioned : “With Romola in Florence,

” “The man at arms

,

” “Castlelife

,

” “A day with a F lorent ine art ist of the 15th century,

” “Ravenna

and its mosai cs,

” “The P aris of the musketeers,

” “Afloat on the N ile.

”

M ost notable of his paint ings are

“Christmas bells“The choir boys”

The angel of the flaming swordSpring time”

M r . B lashfield ’s strength lies in decorat ive paint ing in which his draw

ing is as elegant as his color is fragi le in tone . H is best mural work isseen in the Library of Congress

,Wash ington ; court house, Balt imore

and the M inneso ta and Iowa state houses . H e painted the design for

the dome piece for the new state capi tol a t Madison, VVis .

,said to be

the largest canvas ever pain ted in Ameri ca,and the figure whi ch typifies

the state of Wisconsin is th irteen feet si tt ing,the largest figure ever

painted .

“ In his art he demonstrates his understanding of draw ing,elevated

without losing strength,of refined feli c i tous ligh t

,of controlling un ified

tone, of the grace, sweetness and ret i cence in simple gesture and of the

power in an organized whole .

”

( I nt . studio 35 :1xix . )M r. B lashfield is the author of M ural paint ing in Ameri ca — an au

thoratative and much valued work .

BLUM,R OBERT FREDER ICK

, ( P .

,I .

,E .

,M ural P . ) b . Cincinnat i

,0 .

July 9 , 1857 ;“

d . New York , June 8, 1903. H e was apprenticed in a li thographing shop in 187 1 and at tended n igh t classes at M cM icken Art

S chool of Design, C inc innati ; studied n ine mon ths at the P ennsylvaniaAcademy of the Fine Arts, P h iladelphia ; wen t to New York in 1879

and made trips to E urope during the years 1880-89 . In 1890 he aecom

panied S ir Edwin Arnold to Japan in order to illustrate his “Japoni ca.

”

H is“ “Lace makers”

won a medal at the P aris Exposi tion in 1889 ;

Bead stringers”occasioned his elec t ion as an assoc iate of the National

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48

Webb pri ze, Society Ameri can A rtists, 1 898 ; first H al lgar ten pri ze National Academy, 1899 . Assoc iate member of Nat ional Academy of De

sign,1 899 .

“O c tober moonligh t” is much admired , as is also“Approach of even ing,

Ven i ce,

”ablaze wi th the vibrating colors of the sky at sunset .

“H e has done a great amount of work

,much varied not only in sub

ject— landscapes,mar ines, views of ci ties chosen from all over the world

— bu t also in hand ling and in color scheme.

”

( I sham . )H is work is largely reminiscent

,the works of Constable

,Diaz M aris

,

being reflected in h is canvases ; bu t his two most interesting canvases,A pproach ing storm ”

and“Day after the storm "

are strong works and

deri ved evidentlv from independent study and a personal ou tlook . ( T he

artist,24 zlxi . )

“H is technique is strong , and if h is ideals were simpler and more

direc t , his art could be enthusiasti cally admired . H e has force,d ra

mati c quali ty,and knows how to pu t a pic ture together : (Brush P .

O ther popu lar pi ctures are

“E v ent ide”R ainbow at sea

The last rays “

S ummer morning,Manomet

“C hateau Gai llard

,moonr ise

BORGLUM ,JOHN GU T ZON M OTHE

, ( S P .

,I . ) b . Cali fornia

,M arch 25 ,

1867 . P upi l of San Francisco A rt Associat ion and Academie Ju lien inP aris ; a member of the Royal S oc iety of B ri tish Art ists and S ociétéNationale des Beaux Arts

,P aris .

A s a lad in a western Jesui t college he car ved crucifixes on his slateand copied in his books reproductions of pi ctures by the old masters.

After studying in P aris and spending a year in S pain he returned tothe Uni ted S tates but in 1896 went to London and remained there nu

ti l 1901 ; settled in New York in 1902 .

H is earlier works in sculpture were western in subjec t— “Indianscouts,”

“Death of a ch ief,

” “Apaches pu rsued by U . S . troops .

” Laterworks are

“The seer,

” “The Boer

,

” “Remorse

,

” gargoyles for dormi torybu ilding at P rincton , bronze statuette of John Rusk in and portrai t bustof Lincoln . O f th is bu st of L incoln a wri ter on works of art says : “ I n

profound ins igh t into character and in subtleness of portrayal, Gutzon

B orglum’s

“H ead of L incoln” must be accounted among the greatest

achie v emen ts in portrai t scu lpture that have been made by any Amer ican artist . ( Craftsman

49

The masterly rendering of“The mares of Diomedes” places th is group

among the great works of art . H ere he has g iven movement— the furyof h igh -strung steeds .

I n 1898 he was connnissioned to make the decorat ions for the Queen ’s

H otel at Leeds and chose for h is subjec t the story of“P an .

” H ere his

real personal i ty showed i tself and his special genius came into play .

In h is New York studio he painted a series of mu “

al decorat ions forthe M id land H otel Concert H all at M anches ter , England— subjec t : “The

com ing of Gu inevere ,

”

also painted twelve panels i llu strating"

M id

summer n igh t ’

s d ream for a private residence in New York .

H is statuet te of John Rusk in evinces that broad though t wi th whichhe approaches his subjec t .I n wr i t ing of the art of the M etropoli tan M useum of N ew York

(where are his Mares of D iomedes and the bronze statuette of Ruskin )‘

David C . P reyer says : “No th ing cou ld be in more strik ing constrast

the mad stampede of the tumb ling mass of horses and the quiet d ignifiedrepose of the wri ter and th inker .

”

A contribu tor to the In ternat ional studio says : “A certain impressionistic tendency shows i tself in M r . B orglum

‘

s 1 ecent work .

”

H is works are so varied and his manner so versati le that classificat ion and general exposi t ion is almos t out of the quest ion

“T he reason for building any work of art

,

' he says :'

can only be forthe pu rpose of fixing in some desi rab le form a great emot ion

,or a great

idea , of the ind i v idual or t he people.

M r . B orglum is preparing to execu te 011 S tone M oun tain,Ga . , ( six

teen mi les from At lanta ) the largest scu lptural work in the h istory of

the world— a memorial to the confederate armies , to be bu i lt by the

sou th of today . O n the grani te mountainwill be car v ed a friezefeet long , 50 feet wide and five stories high at an expendi ture of

E igh t years w i ll be the time requ ired to complete the work .

The N ew York T imes,Januarv 2 , 19 16 , ga v e a detai led descript ion of

th is unprecedented undertak ing .

B ORGLUM,S OLON H ANN I BAL , ( S . ) b . O gden , U tah , December 22 , 1868 .

\Vas reared among the frontiersmen in a typical prairie town and wo rkedon a stock ranch wh i le young . In 1893 he dec ided to gi v e up ranch li feand to study art ; became a s tuden t in the C incinna ti A rt S choo l and

s tudied um ler Lou is Reb is so and F rem iet in Pari s . A s sociate member

of National Academy of l‘

) es ign ,1 9 1 1 .

Wh en he went to C incinnati he obta ined admi ss ion to the I T. S . s tab les

and began to model his firs t group whi ch ,wh en exh ibi ted in the annual

school exh ibi t,won h im a spec ial prize of $50, and du ring his second

50

year at the art school he -won the pr i ze of a scholarsh ip . I n Paris h isgroups were accepted by the salon and he recei ved encouraging words of

approval from Frem iet,the French sculptor .

H is group called ,“Lassoeing wild horses

” was h is first exh ibi t in the

Paris salon ;“S tampede of wild horses” was next

,and

“The lame horse”

brough t h im honorable mention . Return ing to the Uni ted S tates in 1900,he made a special study of wes tern l ife

,living among cow ‘ boys and

Indians .

“I n such works as“The last round -up,

” “O ur slave”and O n the bor

der of wh i te man’s land

,

” M r . Borglum has h i t upon a very large and

impressi ve treatment wh ich is distinc tly sculptural in its inspi rat ion ;while in the tiny “Burial on the plans” there is a mysterious emot ionalnote which has been touched by few indeed of our sculp tors

,a sent imen t

that migh t easily have been dissipated by a more insisten t techni c .

”

( Taft’

s“H istory of Ameri can sculpture .

“There is that in his work wh ich challenges the sham s and insincerit ies of our drawing rooms and wh ich makes the money -gett ing occupat ion of our trammeled li ves seem suddenly tri te. H is art is not the ex

pression of his personali ty,bu t of that part of the uni v erse by whi ch

he was environed and is therefore as untrammeled as nature.

H e stands pre-eminently as a scu lptor of Ameri can li fe in one of its

distinc ti ve phases H is groups embody in marble and bronze the freeprimi t ive l ife of the great west . ” ( Craftsman 12

BOUGUEREAU EL IZABETH GARDNER, ( P . ) (M adame W . A . Bouguereau ) ,

b . Exeter,N . H .

,1851 . Recei ved honorable mention in P ar is salon

,1879 ;

gold medal,1889 ; hors concour . H er professional l ife has been spent in

P aris where she was a pupil of H ugues M erle,Lefeb v re and Bouguereau

whom she marr ied .

When M iss Gardner wen t to P aris to study art women were not ad

m itted to the Jal ien Academy but determined to have the benefi t of theteaching there given

,she donned boy ’

s clothes . Bouguereau was her

teacher and h is interest and kindness won from her a confession of her

secret . The great French artist ’s sense of j ust i ce was aroused and

through his efl orts the doors of the famous academy were opened to

women, and the name of the first woman art ist to be enrolled in the

academy was tha t of E li zabeth Gardner of the Un i ted S tates .Twenty

years later, after the death of Bouguereau ’s mother who opposed the

marriage, he and M iss Gardner were married . ( Cur . lit. 39

BOWEN, BENJAM IN JAME S, (P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,February 1

,1859 .

After receiving his edu cation he went into business for some time.Later

5 1

became the pupi l of Lefebvre, Robert—F leury and Carriere in P aris and

after studying the works of the old masters in the variou s art galleriesof Europe he took a studio at Concarneau

,France

,and there painted his

first successful pic ture. H e has exhibi ted in the S alon des Artistes Francais and in Ameri ca.

“The first th ing that strikes us in M r . Bowen’

s pic tures is the skillfulmanagemen t of ligh t— fine shadow masses i llurnined wi th bursts of

l igh t ; th is is admirably i llustrated in h is three salon pic tu res : “Le

mousse blessé,

” “M ending the sai l” and “P ardon de No tre Dame de lajoie.

”

“H is work is honest and strong,and in looking at his pi ctures one

seems to share the simple homeliness of the life they reveal .

”

(EnglishIllustrated Magazine

,47

'

n . s .

BOYLE,JOHN J.

, ( S . ) b . New York , January 12,1852 . P upil of

Pennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts,Ph iladelph ia ,

under ThomasEakins ; Ecole des Beaux Arts under Dumont, Thomas and E . M i llet inP aris ; recei ved honorable ment ion P aris salon 1886

,and has also won

many medals .

Lorado Taft says : “H is most valuable contri bu tion to our nat ionalart is undoubted ly in his favori te field of aboriginal subjec ts .

For the expression of power, for monumental simpli c i ty and integri ty Ofconception his groups “

The alarm” in L incoln P ark,Chi cago

,and “The

stone age,” in Fairmount P ark

,P h i ladelph ia

,have not been surpassed .

”

BRECKENR I DGE,H UGH H ENRY

, ( P . ) b . Leesbu rg,V a .

,O c tober 6

,1870.

Pupil of the Pennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts,P h i ladelphia

,and

Bouguereau,Doucet and Ferrier in P aris . R ecei ved honorable ment ion

at P aris Exposi t ion in 1900 and several prizes and medals since thattime. M ember of the P h i ladelphia lVater Color C lub and i ns truc tor and

secretary of the facu lty of P . A . F . A . since 1894 .

M r . Breckenridge’s portrai t of Dr. James Tyson was exh ib i ted at the

l 07th annual exh ibi tion of the P ennsy l v ania Academy of the Fine Artsand the International studio says that i t was painted wi th thoroughlymasterful technique and was dec ided ly the mos t cred i table examp le of

the artist ’s work ever seen on the Academy wa lls and certainly addedtremendously to h is repu tation .

”

O ther representat ive paint ings are

“A thread of scarlet T he nau ti lusAutumn” P ortrai t of Dr . E dgar Foh s SmithMoonlight Portrai t of H oward B . French .

52

BRENNER,V ICTOR DAVI D

, ( S . ) b . in Russia,1871 ; came to Ameri ca at

the age of n ineteen . Later in P aris he studied under the great R oty and

soon reached a h igh stage of profi ciency in the art of the M edallist .“In honor of motherhood” is charac terist i c of his work and excellent

in i tself .“For the expression of a large idea

,indeed

,a medal is to sculpture

what a sonnet is to poetry,and each cal ls for the greatest abil i ty Of the

artis t or the poet . ” (Warren W’ i lmer Brown

,Arts D . 2

“

The M otherhood medal is the fourth of a series being struck under theauspi ces of th is c ircle of conno isseurs and admirers of th is expression of

art .

BREUER,H ENRY JOSEPH

, ( P .

,I . ) b . P h i ladelphia

,P a .

,August 18

,1860.

Began his art studies in Bu ffalo,N . Y . IVas a Rookwood po t tery decora

tor ih Cinc innati,1880-2 ; li thograph i c designer, 1882-4 ; mural decorator ,

New York,1884-8 ; illustrator San Franc isco Chroni cle, 1890-2 ; art edi tor

Cali fornia magaz ine,1892-3 ; landscape painter since 1848 . S tudied in

Paris where he come under the influence of the Barbizon school and wasespecial ly impressed by Coro t . I s a member of the S ociety of Amer i canArt ists of Paris .

“A s an aid to developmen t along indi v idual and original lines he has

spent many years in Cal ifornia where the “atmosphere” is individualist i c

in all ac tivi t ies,and he was there isolated to an extent from the

“schools”

and of necessi ty studied nature more than art .

”

“H aving a splendid eye for detai ls , he applies i t in a creat ive imaginat ion evidenced in h is synthet i c method

,which gi v es a balance and sense

of completeness to h is composi t ions .

”

( Int . studio 39 l ix . )H e was commissioned to paint pi c tures of the Arroyo S eco of the S an

Gabriel Valley for the S t . Lou is Exposi t ion in 1904 .

Character isti c works are

“ Yosemite valley” ( S ee, M A I—5 “M t . B rewer in the S ierras ’

'

A Cali fornia sunset” W ilfféf'

lfixcmB B IDGEs

,F I DEL I A

, ( P . ) b . S alem,M ass

,M ay 19, 1834 . O ne of the few

pupi ls of the late W illiamT . R i chards . She was elec ted associate member of the Nat ional Academy , 1 874 .

At the forty-fifth annual exhibi t ion of the Amer i can Water ColorS ociety she exh ibi ted two paint ings of characterist ic charm and finesse ;“F lowers in the beach grass”

and“A wide beach .

”

M iss Bridges is unique in her remarkable appl i cat ion of the principles of Japanese art in landscape paint ing and in the del ineat ion of

flowers and birds,the last

,indeed

,being as inseparable from her name

as are cats from the name of H enriet te B onner .”

53

BRIDGMAN,FREDER I C ARTHUR

, ( P . ) b . Tuskegee,A la.

,November 10

,

1847 . W as an apprent i ce in the engra v ing department of the Ameri canBank note Company , New York , 1864-5 . S tudied in Brook lyn A rt S chooland National Academy N ew York and was a pupi l of Gerome and at the

Ecole des Beaux Arts, P aris, 1866-7 1 . S ince then he has had a studio inParis

,occasional ly v isi t ing New York . A member of the Nat ional

Academy since 188 1 .

M r . Bri dgman has a well-established repu tat ion for his Oriental and

archaeologi cal pic tu res . H e paints almost exc lusi v ely scenes fromA lgiers . The first pic ture by wh i ch he became widely known was

“

The

burial Of the mummy .

” Th is won for h im the decorat ion of the LegionOf H onor . O f th is pic ture the se v ere cri t i c of the P aris Figaro said“Gerome h imself m igh t have signed i t

,so high is the meri t . ” This pain t

ing wi th“The past ime of an A ssyr ian k ing and “T he procession of the

sacred bu ll Apis”are h is ch ief pi c tures .

H e has made special study of Algiers,Egypt and Nubia and the N i le,

and is regarded as the au thor i zed painter of the south shore of the M ed iterranean . I n 188 1 he brough t together in all 330 pic tures of the Eastat an exh ibi tion in N ew Y ork . H is favori te stud ies are curious mixtures of Arab camel dri vers

,French zouaves and cosmopoli tan tour

ists . These pic tures .belong to what is called M r . Bridgman ’

s salon

manner .

“White d raperies,dark skin t ints , sh ining marble and keen blue at

mosphere, ethnograph ical accuracv and a taste for anecdote are the

leading charac terist i cs of his pic tures .

”(M iitlier

’

s“ H istory of M odern

paint ing ”)

S ome of h is Bri t tany studies,ch iefly landscapes , are more interest

ing— they possess a d ifl erent quali ty . The effec ts of ligh t are subdued

and very deli cate. ( The art ist,

H is works are now hors concours in the P aris salon .

“fell-known paint ings ‘

are

“Up earlyApol lo bearing Off Cyrene”

I llusions of high life”

The American circu s in P arisIn the Pyrenees”

Chapel— moon”

Greek girls on the seashoreThe morn ing bath”

Lady of Cairo v isi t ing

“Girls in the way

Interior of the harem "

B ringing in the cornA M oorish interior '

Tete-a-tete in C ai roB ay of D inard , moonligh tH our o f re v erie

'

I n the si lence Of the e v en ing“Gathering seaweed”

54_

BROWN,GEORGE LOR ING

, (P .

,E . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,February 2

,1814

,

(1. M alden,M ass , June 25 , 1889 . At the age of twelve he was appren

ti ced to Alonzo H artwell,an art ist , to learn the art of wood -engraving ;

when sixteen he went to E urope with money earned by paint ing and

through the influence and assistance of John C heney,an Ameri can eu

gra ver li v ing in London,he was enabled to study in P aris

,enduring

many hardsh ips, howe v er ; Two years later he returned to Beston, openeda studio and worked wi th W ashington A llston . I n 1840 he wen t toP aris again and studied under Isabey

,then took up his residence in

Rome where his bri ll iant and poeti cal pic tures found ready sale.

Among his famous paint ings are

“Doge’s palace and Grand canal B ay of Naples

Doge’s palace at sunrise” Fountain of Trevi

Palermo” N iagara by moonligh t“A tranti”

The A rt Museum in Rome owns h is “M oonligh t scene a pri ze pic

ture ) and the late King Edward VII bough t his “Crown ofi

N ew E ng

land” when,as the P rince of W ales

,he v isi ted the Un i ted S tates .

A rt Journal, May, 1875 :“Brown ’

s“Sunset

,Genoa

,

” is one those gor~

geons idealized , hazy I talian scenes for which th is artist is so muchnoted in the vein of Turner .

”

H is etch ings execu ted in Rome are much freer in handling and moresuggesti v e in color than are those of John Gadsby Chapman .

BROWN, JOHN GEORGE , ( P . ) b . Durham,England

,No v ember 1 1

,1831 ;

d . New York Ci ty, February 8 , 19 13. A s a boy he li ved at NewcastleOn-Tyne and there served se v en years apprent i ceship in learn ing the

glass trade. H e stud ied art in the Newcast le S chool of Design and at

the Royal Academy and began to paint portrai ts before he came to theUn i ted S tates in 1853. I n 1861 he was e

-lected'

an associate member of

the National Academy of Design,an academician in 1863 and vice

president in 1899 .

M r . Brown was the most popu lar of Ameri can painters of genre . H e

belonged to the earl ier schoo l of painters ; he was always “telling a

was widely known as the painter of newsboys and bootblacks .

“H is first c igar was his first work to at trac t at tention .

“Curl ingin Central Park” painted for Robert Gordon elec ted him to membershipin the National Academy of Design .

“Al legro and Penseroso”and

“The

Longshoreman’s noon

”are in the Corcoran Gallery

,Wash ington

,D

. C . ;

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

56

of Indians he represen ts the most poeti cal treatment Of the subjec t thathas yet been

”

ach ie v ed . B est examp les are" ‘

S ilence broken ,

” “M ourning her brave,

” “T he Indian hunter

,

” “

The Indian and the lily .

” For

a number of years he has confined himself to one subjec t— themodernmadonna ,

his wife and ch ildren ser v ing as his models . H is“Madonna”

in the Corcoran Gallery of A rt, Vt’ashington ,

i s one .of h is strongestworks.

“ In the garden”and “The family”

are more pi ctorial .

Techn ically Brush ’s work does not at trac t

,bu t in tellec tually i t is full

of beauty . (Brush P .

“H is drawing is strong and distingué and h is figures are in terpretedW i th truth of expression . (H artmann )Another cri t i c says : “

H e has not yet sol v ed the mysterious affin i ty between certain colors and certain emot ions ;Kenyon Cox says : “George deForest B rush is one of the few painters

outside the ranks of the mural'

decorators who concerns h imself primar i ly wi th line and a se v ere conception of form . H e has often fine

color,also in a restrained key, and always a profound feel ing for char

acter and for the beau ty Of ch i ldhood . I n its composi t ion of long flowing lines, its firm clean drawing

,i ts subtle modeling and above all in the

beau tifu lly expressi v e heads and the radiant charm of blond infancy , h isIn the garden” is worthy of one of those fifteenth -century F lorentineswith whom M r . Bru sh has much more affin i ty than wi th the a v eragepainter.

”

“ I n his‘

M adonna pic tures’he shows the pathos of motherly lo v e.

BURD,C LARA M ILLER

, ( S tained glass designer ) b . New York Ci ty .

S tudied art at the Nat ional academy of design, also W i th W m . M . Chase.

Later she studied wi th Courto is and Renarde in Par is .

S ince returning to the Un i ted S tates , M iss Burd has been known as a

stained glass artist and spec ial izes in memorial windows for churches.

The Arch i tec tu ral record 35 : 163 has a very interesting art i cle on M issBurd and her ideas on art.

B uRRO UGH s, EDITH VVOODM AN (M rs . Bryson B urroughs ) , ( S . ) b . R i ver

dale-ou -H udson,N . Y .

,O c tober 20

,1871 ; d . Flush ing

,L . I .

,January 6 ,

1916. A pupi l of the A rt S tudents’ League,New York

,under S ain t

Gaudens ; also studied wi th Injalbert and M erson in P aris . M rs . B ur

roughs was a member of the Nat ional S cu lpture S ociety and was awarded the S haw prize of the National Academy of Design in 1907 .

At the exh ibi tion of the Nat ional S culpture Society held in Baltimore, Apri l, 1 908 , her

“Summer sea

” was shown ; and at the academyexhibi tion in New York , 1909 , she presented a marble bust “

S cylla”and

her portrai t-bust of John LaFarge.

57

In M rs . Burroughs’ work— statuet tes,portrai ts in low rel ief

,busts

and decora tive scu lpture— “the fine quali ty of what we may cal l the

lyri c subjec tiv ism is no ti ceable,becau se o f i ts fineness

,its deli cacy .

”

( S crib . M .

“H er figures have digni ty and refinement,reached through lessons of

art,perhaps

,bu t nevertheless captivat ingly expressive of life .

“H er work has a charm and a strength that are purely womanly .

(Arts D . 5 :190. l

A n exh ibi tion of M rs . Burroughs’scu lpture was recently held in New

York and th irty-nine examples were in the collec tion . Four espec ial lymentioned are

“A t the threshold,

” “Acqu iescence,

” S ummer sea,

“Fountain design .

” I n these the sculptor is seen at her best . “H ere she

is severe without being cold,dignified w i thout being pompous .

H er“Fountain of Youth”

at the P anama-P acific Exposi t ion balancedM rs . H arry P ayne W h i tney ’

s“Fountain of E l Dorado”

at the other end

of the court ,

CADWALADER -GU ILD,EMMA M AR IE

, ( S .

,P . ) was born in New England

bu t most of her work has been done in England and Germany,and is

bet ter known there than here.

Ambassador White after seeing her work in Germany u rged her to

return to the Uni ted S tates and make a bu st of President M cK inley.

Through correspondence , si t t ings were agreed upon ; she came bu t thevwere not gi v en ; she then modeled the bu st from prints . M r . H anna

entered a bi ll in Congress for the purchase of the bu st,so pleased was

he wi th i t , and i t is now in the presiden t ’s room of the Capi tol at \Vashington .

M rs . Gui ld has also made a striking bust of L incoln . John H ay saidof i t : “

The power of the head is remarkable. I t is a great expressionof the personali ty of the man .

H er two busts of Gladstone— one in bronze,one in marble, are the

only ones for which M r . G ladstone ga v e si t t ings .

\Vhen her bu st of George Frederi ck lVatts was comp leted he said '

“W'hen I look at that bust I can understand how that man cou ld ha v e

painted that pic ture“ ‘

( po inting to one of h is own . )M rs . Gu i ld numbers royalty among her d i s tingu ished patrons .

H er idealisti c heads aml statues are as remarkab le as her portrai ts .

O f her"

Lotos,

”

the German T imes says : Th is psych i c masterpiecestamps M rs . Guild unequ i v ocal ly as an art ist of the very firs t rank .

” Abronze statuet te called “ Freed has been exh ib i ted in the Paris salon ,

at the Royal Academy , Lom lon . am ] at M uni ch . H er“

H ead of S t . M on ica

,the mother of S t . Augus t ine is a charming s tudv. T he German gov

58

ernment purchased her “Elec tron and placed i t in the P ost-museum at

Berl in . The pose of her Endymion” is not to be found in ei ther modernor anc ient scu lpture.

“M rs . Guild is careful in her anatomical study but works withou tmodel ; and her results strengthen the suspicion that in poses involving a representat ion of movement

,however sl igh t

,the appearance of a

stationary model is false in detai l to the exac t appearance in motion .

”

M rs . Gu ild is a painter as well as sculptor and known abroad as one

of superior meri t .

CALDER,ALEXANDER S T IRL ING

, ( S . ) b . Philadelphia,P a .

,1870. H e

studied four years in the Academy of Pennsylvania and two years inP aris under Chapu and Falguiére and has been connec ted wi th the P h iladelph ia school ever since his return to America.

H e made the statue of Dr . Samuel D . Gross for the army medicalM useum

,\Vashington

,D . C . ; six figures of heroi c si ze for the exterior

of the Witherspoon bu ilding,P h i ladelphia— six representat ive P resby

terians.

“The rugged figures are admirably charac teri zed .

Among the more ideal themes treated by the artist are :“The man

cub” “Ch i ld playing,

” “M other and baby,

” “The miner,

” “Narc issu s,

”and

“P rimal discontent .” (Brush and P enc il 13M r . Calder l i ved in the west several years study ing the Indians .

The past , the present , and the fu ture of the red people is beau tifu llydel ineated in Calder’

s subtly modeled figures .

”( Craftsman

M r. Calder designed the “Fountain of energy” for the P anama-P acific

Exposi tion 1915 .

CARLSEN,EM IL

, ( P . ) b . Copenhagen,Denmark

,O c tober 19

,1853. W as

educated in his native c ity and came to the Un i ted S tates in 1872 . H e

has what the late Frank Fowler has described as a kind of spec iali zedvision, very charming and very fine. C oming from Denmark he brough twi th h im the old Vikings love of the great waters . H is poeti c interpretation of their beauty has met with un i versal recogni t ion . Medals and

pri zes have been awarded h im in many exhibi tions and he was elec ted a

member of the Na tional Academy in 1906.

“H e contents h imself wi th qu iet middle tones, never forcing his gamu t

to extremes of ligh t or shades,bu t his Surfaces are lovely

,h is paintings

invariably mature: ( Int . studio“H is landscape work has the quali ty of his sti ll-l ife studies of game

or fish ; broad unbroken masses of color strongly relieved against eachother , whether sunli t trees against a deep blue sky or a whi te swanagainst a dead wall

,the con trast not being relied on alone for the efiect,

9

bu t the color being made absolu tely true as in his vigorous works .

( I shanr )

Admired paintings are

“The qu iet sea” Wild swanMeeting of the seas May morningThe open sea

” The panel”

Kenyon Cox says : “Beau ty is his aim,and the fac ts and the force of

nature are both subordinated to decoration . I n the“O pen sea

” i t isthe exquisi tely varied blues and grays of sky and water that havecharmed him

,wh ile in his “Surf” i t is not crash and roar that we are

made to feel,bu t the bold pat tern of black and white and blue.

”

At the one hundred and tenth annual exh ibi t ion of the P ennsylvan iaAcademy of the Fine Arts was shown Emi l Carlsen ’

s“O

, ye of l i t t lefai th

,

”a v ision of Chr ist walk ing on the waters . T he artis t refuses to

sell th is work and calls i t his religion .

I n an infini te glory of sea and sky, in a burst of silvery l igh t,un

matched by anyth ing in art since the days Of Rembrand t,along the

luminous pathway trod the S on of M an I t was almost too prec ions for publi c d isplay

,too far above the heads of those in the motley

th rong who commented on the perfec t framing or wonder why the figurewas drawn so small . ” (Book news monthly 33

CARPENTER,FRANC I S B I CK W E LL

, ( P . ) b . H omer,N . Y .

,August 6

,1830 ;

d . New York,M ay 23, 1900. H e was a pupi l of Sanford Thayer at Syra

cuse, N . Y . W on much fame as a painter and also possessed much li terary ability .

H is painting “Arbi trat ion,

representing the s igning of the treaty of

Washington,was accepted by Queen Victoria and hung in her pri vate

collec t ion . H is portrai t of P resident Fi llmore was purchased by the ci tyof New York and hangs in the Ci ty H all .

“First read ing of the Emaneipat iou proclamat ion before the cabinet” now hangs on the stairway of

the H ouse of Representat ives, Wash ington .

M r. Carpen ter was elec ted assoc iate member of the Nat ional Academyin 185 "

CASSATT,MARY

, (P .

,E . ) b . P i t tsburgh , P a .

,1855 . H er firs t stud ies in

art were at the P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine A rts , P h i ladelphia .

After traveling extensi vely in S pain,Italy aml H o lland she set t led in

P aris,and Degas

,convinced of her ab i li ty and sinceri ty , consented to

take her as a pupil and for fifteen y ears she studied and worked wi thhim

, ach ieving in t ime a posi t ion not far below his own .

60

At various intervals Miss Cassat t has devoted herself to paint ing inOils and pastels

,to color-et ch ing

,dry point and even lithographyf Whi le

her range of expression is wide,her choi ce of motive is restri c ted . For

the most part she transcribes the int imate relat ionsh ip of mother and

ch i ld . S he always avoids a sentimental version of ch ild life.

“Beau ty isthere

,bu t not a sugary

,waxen beau ty

Among her most charac teristi c works are

“The toilet Earlier works are

Women and ch i ldT he caress” At the French thea terBaby ar ises After the bu llfight”

The cup of tea Musi c lessonThe reading lesson O n the balconyC hi ldren playing wi th a cat

M other and ch ild”

S upper-time

M iss Cassat t , a follower of Manet,sends her canvases to the Im

pression ists’exh ibi t ions in P aris

,bu t she refu ses to exh ibi t in the salons ,

and in her ind ifference to their applause she stands alone. A ll otherAmeri can artists in Paris have regu larly displayed their works in the

great compet i t ive exhibi tions . M iss Cassat t is a member of the Legionof H onor of France

,and her work takes rank beside that of the fore

most modern masters .

“H er work is resolute,though tful and lucid . Much of her master ’

s

strength of line is there,and much also of his solemn

,almost classi c

restraint . M iss C assatt has never faltered in her allegiance to the tenetsof Impression ists .

”( Int . studio 27 : i . )

She has succeeded In creat ing a new style and lending to prose and

real ism a decorat i v e quali ty best di splayed in her colored etch ings . In

sheer force and breadth of view few men art ists could ri val her “Motherand ch i ld” pic tures .

”

(H artmann )P erception of and sympathy for the wonderful ly intimate relat ion

existing between mother and ch ild are quali t ies which stand out prominently in the work of M iss Cassat t . ( E li zabeth Anna S emple. )Chief distinc t ion of M iss Cassatt’

s art is closeness of interpretationun i ted to the impression ist ’s care for the transi tory aspec t of th ings .

( E lizabeth Lu ther Cary . )“The secret of compressed statement is hers

,of condensed signifi

cance.

”

(Frank W eitenkampf . )At the exhibi tion of the P ennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts , held

in 1914,M iss Cassat t was awarded the gold medal of the academy . She

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accepted i t . I t is the only honor whi ch she has accep ted in her long and

dist ingu ished life .

C H A M rN E Y,JAME S WELLS

, ( P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,Ju ly 16 , 1843 ; d .

N ew York , M ay 1,1903. Began his art education wi th a wood engraver

in Boston . S tudied in E u rope under Edouard Frére,P aris , and at: A nt

werp under Van Lerias,1868 -9 . In 1882 he was made associate member

of the Nat ional Academy . A n exh ibi tor of O il paintings at the Centen

nial Exh ibi tion,1876

,and of pastels at World ’

s Columbian E xpos i tion,

1893.

O n account of the number of Boston art ists bearing h is surname,he

signed h is early pic tures “Champ,

” bu t later ga v e h is fu ll name.

Early and popu lar pi c tu res :“Not as ugly as he looks T he best scholar'

B oy shelling peas” W h i ch is umpireH earts and d iamonds Grandma ’

s pet”

The sear leaf” Don’ t touch”

Your good health “Ch i ldren roasting applesS peak

,sir

”

The most successful paintings are genre subjec ts,qu iet and Simple in

their nature .

During the last few years of his life,M r . Champney made a spec ialty

of pastel pi c tures and ach ieved remarkable success in th is branch of art.

A few of his later pi c tures are

“The squire’s daugh ter T he flower of N ew England

O phelia” Syl v ia”

Indian summer ’ M ignonA song wi thou t words L i t tle M istress Dorothy '

T he best scholar”

CHANDLER,GEORGE W .

, ( E .

,I . ) b . M i lwaukee

,W is . H e early e v inced

artisti c tendencies and was employed as an i llustrator on the N ew Yorkdai ly papers . After some foreign tra v el, entered the Academie Ju lien ,

P aris in the classes of Jean P au l Lau rens . In 1908 received honorablement ion at the salon .

India forms the set ting for some of h is finest plates

The minarets,Benares

The burning ghats,Benares

Parisian scenes“Les travaux du Metro Le dejeuner“Dans l’A venue de Saxe A ux bords de la Seine

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E v idence of his versati li ty , as well as his understanding of pastoralbeauties may be found in

“Le M oul in Moret,

” “The old lock ,”

“Cour deCerf” and

“Cou r a pout l’A rche

”

;“Le portail de S t. M aclou

,R ouen ,

” is

an expression of sombre beau ty .

“H e gi v es us not only the lacy fret work of the vaulted doorway , bu t weenter wi th him into the shadow of . a dim interior

,heavy with the in

cense of a by gone age.

”(Mar ie B ruette. )

CHAPMAN,JOHN GADSBY, ( E .

,P . ) b . A lexandria, Va .

,December 8 ,

1808 ; d . Brooklyn ,N . Y . Ju ly 6

,1890. O ne of the most Importan t of

the early etchers in the Un i ted S tates,made his first at tempt at etching

in 1843 ; etched in Rome from 1852 to 1857,where he studied art. First

became known as an etcher in New York Ci ty where he did much goodwork for H arper Bros .

H is versatili ty was remarkab le— portrai ts,landscapes

,engraving and

etch ing being al ike wi th in the compass of his abili ty . For fifty-three

years he was a member of the Nat ional Academy of Design .

H is“Baptism of Pocahontas in the ro tunda of the Capi tol at Wash

ington, is the paint ing by wh ich he is best known .

Mr . Chapman was the first Ameri can to wri te on etch ing .

CHASE,W ILL IAM MERR ITT

, (P . ) b . Franklin,Ind .

,November 1

,1849 .

At the age of nineteen began the study of art in Indianapolis ; also

studied in New York,later in the M un i ch R oyal Academy and after

wards had A lexander Wagner for a teacher ; also was a pupil of Karl

von P iloty. H e refu sed a professorsh ip in the Munich R oyal Academyand returned to Ameri ca. In 1885 he was elec ted president of the S Ociety of Ameri can Art ists and re-elected every year thereafter for ten

years . After conduc ting winter classes at the A rt S tudents’ League foreigh teen years, in 1897 he organi zed a distinc t school of his own knownas the “Chase S chool for A rt.

” A side from his work in New York,he

has taugh t for a number Of years at Pennsylvania Academy of the

Fine Arts and at the H artford Art S chool . H is summer school at

S hinnecock , L . I .

,is famous. H is influence as an instruc tor is the

most far-reach ing of any art ist in Ameri ca and probably of any country ,and his traveling classes abroad are a feature in the progress of American art. H e is one of the foremost landscapists and portrai tists

,and

the best “st ill-l ife” painter in Ameri ca. A member of the Nat ional

Academy of Design since 1890.

In 1876 he exhibi ted his “Court jester”and established his reputation

as a painter ; and five years later his “Smoke-r”

( portrai t of FrankDuveneck ) won pri zes . in Paris and Muni ch .

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64

H e established a studio in N ew York and was elec ted an academicianof the National Academy in 1849 . Made sketch ing tours in SouthAmeri ca in 1853 and 1857 ; later , on the coast of Labrador and in Ja

mai ca ; In 1868 v isi ted Europe and the H oly Land ; M exi co in 1883.

Church ’s

“N iagara”was immediately recogni zed as the first satis

factory delineat ion ih art of one of the greatest natural wonders of the

western world,and th is is in i tself extraord inary pra ise. I t received

medal at the P aris E xposi t ion of 1867 . W hen Ruskin first saw th ispainting he pointed out an effec t upon water wh i ch he declared he hadoften seen in nature among the Swiss waterfalls, bu t never before on

canvas .

Among his works sketched on

“ l cebergs

A S outh Ameri can landscapeThe afterglow”

“Andes of E cuadOr

Ch imborazo”

M orning in the C ordi llerasJerusalem”

Church ’s works are generally composi te rather than a transcrip tion

of actual landscape.

CHURCH,FREDER ICK S TUART

, ( P .

,I .

,E . ) b . Grand Rapids

,Mich

,De

cember 1,1842 . S tudied in the Chicago A cademy .wi th W alter Sh irlaw

and later in the Nat ional Academy of Design and A rt S tudents ’League

of N ew York,and for some years has occupied a studio in that c i ty . H is

first popu lari ty was gained by his drawing in black and whi te ; he furn ished book and magaz ine i llustrations for S cribner

’

s and other publ icat ion houses ; then O il and water-color work at trac ted at ten t ion .

M r . Church is a member of the Nat ional Academy of Design,New

York , S ociety of P ainter-E tchers,London

,and the N ew York and P hila

delph ia etch ing clubs .

“Una and the l ion ,

” “T he l ion in love,

” “Beauty and the beast,

” “The

black orch id,

” “The sorceress

,

”and

“Twiligh t” are familiar examples of

his graceful real izat ion Of purely fancifu l themes.

O f h is works,Isham in his

“H istory of Ameri can painting,

”says '

“They are not profound , they are not subtle yet i f they ha v e thesimpl i ci ty of a story told to ch ildren ,

they have also freshness and

charm . I f the drawing is loose, i t is also graceful .

”

There are probably no more popular etch ings than his,wherein a

extensive tours are

Rainy season in the tropicsH eart Of the Andes

“E l K hasmé P etra”

“ Cotopaxi”

Twi ligh t in the wi lderness“View of Quebec”

Aurora borealis

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graceful and humorous fancy charms us all . H is“Mermai d” is a well

known plate.

CLARK,WALTER A PPLETON

, ( I . ) b . Worcester,Mass

,June 24

,1876 ; d .

New York Ci ty , December 27 , 1906. With a purely local art training of

some three years, he establ ished h imself as one of the lead ing illustrators of the day. Taugh t classes at the A rt S tudents’ League and CooperUnion

,N . Y . and at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts .

A picture of his on the wall of the A rt S tudents’ L'

eague,whi le a

studen t,at trac ted the at tention of the art edi tor of S cribner’

s magazine ; th is led to h is being employed to i llustrate one of Kipling ’

s stories .

Among his last works was the illustrat ion of the modern version of

“Canterbu ry Tales” by Percy Mackaye.

“M r . Clark ’s strong point is his execu tion he has a ni ce clean dexteri ty

of touch,employed wi th nobi li ty and ease.

“In finish he obtains the feel ing noti ceable in the color work of Vibertand h is composi tions are handled wi th the adroi tness of Fortuny, wi thless dash , however, bu t w i th more deli cate sympathy and refinement .”

CLARKE,THOMAS SH IELDS

, ( S .

,P . ) b . P i t tsburgh , P a .

,Apri l 25

,1860.

Graduated at Princeton Uni versi ty in 1882 . Whi le a studen t at the A rt

League in New York,he made i llustrat ions for magazines. Going to

Paris,he studied drawing under Boulanger and Lefebvre

,modeling nu

der Chapu and paint ing under Gerome in the Ecole des Beaux Arts ;later was instru c tor by Dagnan-Bouveret ; also studied art in F lorence

,

Rome and Venice. Assoc iate member of National Academy of Design,

1902.

H is paintings and sculpture have brough t h im honor at home and

abroad,he hav ing been represented at internat ional exposi tions at B er

lin,Madrid

,London and Paris .

H is“N igh t market in Morocco recei v ed Official recogni t ion at the B er

lin Exposi tion in 1891 ; “A fool ’s fool” was shown at the P aris salon,and

upon its meri ts he was admitted to membersh ip in the S ociety of American Artists

,New York .

“A gondola girl,” “Morning

,noon and nigh t”

and other Venet ian works are attrac t i v e.

H is bronze group— fountain design— “The c ider press ,” disp layed at

the Madrid Exposi t ion ,brough t h im a medal of honor, presented person

ally by the King of Spain .

Four caryatides— “The seasons —ou the New York Appellate Cou rtbuilding are dignified and gracefu l . H is more important work in sculpture is “A lma Mater and her son A lumnus ,

”

for P rinceton Univers itv.

“These figures are splendid ly modeled and though tfu lly conceived ;

9

66

M r . Clarke has also done some notable mural decoration. (BrushP .

COLE,THOMAS

, (P . ) b . Bol ton-le-Moor,Lancash ire

,England, February

1,1801 ; d . Catskill

,N . Y .

,February 1 1

,1848 . H e was of American

parentage,and in 1819 the family returned to America taking up their

residence at S tubenville,Ohio

,where he began the study of painting

under a portrai t painter named Stein . Not su ccessful in portrai t work .

he took up landscape painting. In 1825 he went to New York,sub

sequently became int imately acquainted wi th Durand and Trumbull .H e was one of the founders of the National Academy of Design and had

a pi cture at its first“

exh ibi tion in 1826. A patron sent him to Europein 1829 to complete his art edu cation and he remained there abou t threeyears sketching and paint ing in England

,France and I taly . After his

return he painted two allegorical series,

“The course of empire”and

“Voyage of l ife.

” These soon won h im great contemporary populari ty .

(Noble’s

“L ife and works of Thomas Cole.

” These paintings wereexh ibi ted in the rooms of the New York Art Union in 1848 and werevisited by a half m illion people. O ther paintings depict scenes from an

extreme range of landscape.

“A ll are remarkable for imaginat ion,composi tion and the m ost re

fined and pi cturesque tru th to the details, as facts

‘

and influences of

nature.

”(Tuckerman . )

H is most beau tiful i llustrat ions of I talian scenery are“l’A llegro

and “I 1 Penseroso,” companion pieces. O f American views one of the

most attrac ti ve is “The hunter’s return.

” One of his most highly finishedworks is a picture i llustrat ing M rs . Hemans’ poem “The cross in the

wilderness .

” “The tone of the pic ture i s qu i te Claude-like.

”(Tucker

man . ) Cafii n says : “Cole forms a link between the new enthusiasm for

nature study and the older predilec t ion for h istorical and ‘grand style’

subjec ts.

” According to th is authori ty his more enduring claim,how

ever,to be remembered consists in his having aroused an appreciation

of the pic tor ial possibi li t ies of the Catski ll,and of American landscape

in general . H e makes nature the veh icle for moral allegories.

COMAN, CHARLOTTE BUELL, ( P . ) b . VVaterville,New York

,1833.

S tudied in Paris with H arry Thompson and Emile Vernier ; spent six

years in France and H olland and exh ibi ted at the Paris salons for two

years . M rs . Coman ’s specialty in painting is landscapes and she was

thirty years of age before she commenced the study of art.

‘

She receivedthe Shaw memorial prize of the S ociety of Ameri can Artists

, and the

second prize of the Wash ington Society of Art ists, 1906. W as elec ted

67

associate member Nat ional Academy of Design, 1910. M rs . Coman is

represented in the Evans collec t ion, Wash ington,D . C .

,the Metropoli

tan Museum ,New York

,and in the permanent collec tions of several

western clubs.

“Clearing off” is one of her strongest

,and

“A misty morning at the

farm”one of her best .

Craftsman 21 :491 : “But to return to the academy walls one seeksagain and again Charlot te Coman ’

s beautiful paint ing of h i lls and

clouds . WVhat sunlight pours over the friendly li t tle hou se nestl ing inthe shadowy meadows, a deligh tful study, tenderly painted , a th ing toremember and rejoi ce in .

”

M rs . Coman was one of a hundred representative Ameri can art istschosen to exh ibi t at the Detro i t Museum’

s exh ibi tion of“best pic tures

from current shows.

” H er“Well-worn path” was selec ted by the com

mittee.

Cri t i cs of high repute declare that M rs. Coman is doing her best worknow at the age of eigh ty .

COOPER,COL IN CA MPBELL

, (P . ) b . Ph iladelphia,Pa . Studied in

Pennsylvania Academy of t he Fine Arts,Ph iladelphia

,Académie Julien

and other art schools in . Paris . I s a member of many leading art clubsin th is country , and has been awarded many medals and pri zes ; is an

assoc iate member of the Nat ional Academy . H e has spent much t ime inEurope paint ing figure and arch i tec tural subjec ts

,arch i tecture and

street scenes being his spec ial ty .

“Beauvais cathedral,

”one of the

no table h istori cal stru c tu res of France, is considered his finest work .

M r . Cooper ’s notable ach ie v emen t is his long series

'

of canvases depict ingthe pic turesque charm of the modern sky

-scraper ; he began th is work in1902 . H e sees beau ty

,sublimi ty and grandeur in the stru c tures that

the average person is wont to cal l monstrosi t ies.

H e handles water-colors on canvas so cleverly that his water-colors

can scarcely,

be d istingu ished from oils .

“Broad street,New York ,

” “Rush hour Brooklyn bridge,”“Broadway ;

The chain gate,” “

The Flat iron bu ilding,”“Wal ton hotel, Philadel

ph ia,

”and a scene in Penn S quare, are addi tional proof of his ski ll i ll

clothing the commonplace br i ck and mortar of the business b lock wi thrich warm colors of their own .

“That Cooper has the natural gif t of seeing the beau ty Of what tomos t people are prosai c stru c tures, and the patience and persistence to

perfect h is delineat ion of street and bu i lding , is the secret of his success

as an arch i tec tural painter.

”( B rush P .

M r . Cooper has recently retu rned from the far Eas t and has exh ib i ted

68

Indian paint ings in New York . Among his -arch i tec tural works wh ichare said to possess “

su ch charm as to make them dreams of beau ty”are

“Taj Mahal, Agra”

White Mosque, BombayMaharajah ’

s palace, Udaipor”(Ven i ce of India )

H e has also gi v en his poeti c version of the famous “Bath ing Ghat,

Benares”and

“Akbar’s Bath s

,Agra .

” “Bombay harbor at sunrise is

an impressi ve and sp lendid ly painted view of the Himalayan peak of

Kangchenj unga.

“P erhaps the most strik ing work i ll the display is the “Palace gate,

Udaipor” which pi c tures the inner gate in the Maharajah ’

s palace during a procession

,a remarkable portrayal of the ri ch colored moving,

strange life of an ancient c i ty under tropi c skies.

”

COOPER,EMMA LA M I 'ERT (M rs . Colin Campbell Cooper ) , (P . ) b . Nunda

,

New York . Began the study of art at the Cooper Union and A rt S tu

dents’ League in New York and later was the pupil of H arry Thompsonin P aris

,J. Ke v er in Holland and William M . Chase in New York ; has

also studied i ll I taly .

M rs. Cooper has had charge of the art department at Foster School ,Clifton Springs

,also Of the paint ing classes at Mechani cs Inst i tu te,

N ew York .

In teriors and street scenes from France,Holland

,Belgium

,I taly and

Swi tzerland , pain ted i ll oi ls and water colors, are her favori te subjec ts .

Representat ive pi c tures are

Morn ing near R iverdale News of the day

High noon,Cape A nn” “

l—Veaving homespunM other Claudia ’

s fireside Swiss fireplace”

The breadwim l er” “ Canal at L isieux

Breton bakery”O ld dye house”

COPLEY JOHN S INGLETON , (P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,July 3

,1737 ; d . Lon

don,England

,September 9 , 1815 . At the age of seventeen he produced

his first grouped pi cture— an allegor i cal study of M ars,Venus and Vul

can . From tha t time he was recognized as a painter . Through the influence of Benjamin West his “B oy wi th the squirrel” was exh ibited inLondon i ll 1766

,and i ll 1772 he was elec ted a fel low of~ the S ociety o f

Artists . I n 1774 he set tled in London and became a notable painter of

histor i cal scenes . I n 1 776 he was elec ted associate of the R oyal Academy, and i ll 1779 , academic ian

,and presented

,on adm ission ,

h is

“Tribu te money .

” H is“Death of the Earl of Chatham established his

fame in England .

69

H e opposed the classi cal productions of the age by his vigorous repre

sentations of events of h istory and war . Among his numerous subjec tsin th is line are :

“Death of Major Pierson,

” “Siege of Gibraltar,” “Sur

render of Admiral de Windt to Lord Camperdown,

” “Charles I demanding the five impeached members

,

” “Charles I sign ing S tafford ’s death

warrant,

” “O ffer of crown to Lady Jane Grey,”“Assassinat ion of Buck

ingllam .

” H e also painted religious subjects and large portrai t groupsof noted Engl ish fami lies . Bu t of his earl ier work— that done beforehe left Boston, wh ich consists of a long series of portrai ts of our colon iald igni tar ies

,d ivines

,j udges and merchants— Isham says : “These paint

ings are the most authenti c records of our pre-revolu tionary ancestors

wh ich have come down to us .

”

Copley ’s best known portrai ts i ll Ameri ca are those of John Adams

and John Hancock .

Caffin says : “Copley was the most distinguished in skill of craftsmanship of all the pre

-revolut ionary painters .

”

Copley was not poeti cal,bu t he produ ced splendid prose.

CORY, FANNY YOUNG (M rs . F . W . Cooney ) , ( I . ) b . Waukegan,I ll .

,

O ctober 17 , 1877 . S tudied art at the Metropol i tan S chool and the A rt

Students ’ League of New Y ork . Marr ied to F . W . Cooney,1904 .

M rs . Cooney has made illustrat ions for t he Centu ry Company and

H arper Bros,and il lustrated numerous books

,including “Al i ce i ll

W onderlanc,” “Through the looking glass

,etc .

Favori te ch ildren pi ctures are :

“Do you make saucer pies " ”

O n the dark stair”

Shoo " ’

COUDERT,AMAL IA K U S SN ER

, (Minn . P . ) b . Terre H au te,I nd .

,March 26 ,

1876 ; began her artist i c career in New York i ll 1892 and afterwardswent to London and painted miniature portrai ts of K ing Edward and

most of the highest ar is tocracy of England ; later she was summoned toRussia to paint portrai ts of the Czar and C zarilla and the GrandDuchesses Vladim ir and E llen and also wen t to Afri ca to pain t the

portrai t of the late Cec i l R hodes .

COUPER,W I LL I A M

, ( S . ) b . Norfolk,Va September 20, 1853. P upil of

Thomas Ball and Cooper Inst i tu te i ll New York ; also studied i ll Muni ch

and P aris.

Lorado Taft says : “H is ‘Moses’i ll the appellate cour t bui lding is a

magnificen t conception and ju st ly adm ired,i ts onlv weakness is over

70

elaboration M r . Couper has made part i cular and sympatheti cstudy of winged figures. They are not merely pretty bu t they are beautiful

,radiant creat ions

,gracefully conceived

,carefully drawn and ex

quisitely carved .

”

Mr . Couper is a member of the Nat ional Sculpture Soc iety .

COU SE,B ANGER IRVING

, (P . ) b . Saginaw,Mich .

,1866. Pupil of Na

tional Academy,New York

,Bouguereau

,R obert-Fleury and Ecole des

Beaux Arts,Paris. Recei ved the S haw pri ze for black and whi te

,at

Salmagundi Club,1899 ; second Hallgarten pri ze National Academy,

1900; Proc tor pri ze, Salmagundi Club, 1900; honorable mention, ParisExposi tion

,1900; first H allgarten pri ze Nat ional Academy , 1902 . A sso

ciate member Nat ional Academy of Design,1902 ; academician, 191 1 .

M r . Couse devotes h imself to the Pueblo or town Indians of the sou thwest

,paint ing them in their ac tual i ty or w i th ideal touch in their home

in New Mexico . Part of the year he passes at Taos,for the portrayal

of th e Taos Indians is his part icular art .

H e had much difficul ty in securing interesting and pic turesque models,as it is a mat ter of belief w i th these Indians and i ll fac t w i th others,that the soul of the si t ter passes out into the portra i t when the pictureis completed

,and naturally

,unt i l the prejud i ce is overcome

,there is not

much enthusiasm abou t posing .

“H e paints the Indian not primari ly as the actor in a wild savagedrama

,as Remington and S chreyvogel have, but as the peaceful dweller

in primi tive scenes,revealing them of ten as more poeti cal and philoso

phical than the more so-called civi li zed races.

”(Craftsman

Admired works are

“The mountain hunterThe magic forest”

Trou t ripples”

An Indian shepherd”

The voice of the fallsE lk-foot”

San Juan pottery”

Mending the war bonnet

A t the winter exh ibi tion of the Nat ional Academy of New York theCarnegie prize of $500 for the most meri torious oil . painti ll g by

’

an

American art ist went to M r. Couse for his “Indian making pot tery .

COW LE S,GENEVIEVE A LMEDA AND MAUD AL I CE ( twin sisters ) , (M ural

P . and stained -glass decorators ) b . Farmington, Conn .

,February 23,

“The weary hunterBear cubs’

Retu rn ing to campM edi cine fires”

The trou t streamsThe brook”

The tom tom maker

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72

as a draugh tsman. H e is also well known by his cr i t i cal writ ings of

art and by his work in black and wh i te,including his illustrations to

Rosset ti ’s “B lessed damoze-l .

”( I nt. studio

Cox,LOU I SE

, (M rs . Kenyon Cox ) , (P . and I . ) b . San Francisco, Cal .June 23, 1865 . Pupil of the Nat ional Academy of Design ; A rt S tudentsLeague under Kenyon C ox in New York . Recei ved th ird Hallgartenprize National Academy of Design

,1896 ; bronze medal P ar is E xposi

t ion 1900.

“M rs. Cox makes a special ty of ch i ldren’s portrai ts and some of her

happiest resu l ts have been obtained when her own charming ch ildrenhave ac ted as the models .

”(Overland monthly

CRA IG,CHARLE S

, (P . ) b . Morgan county,Ohio , November 1 , 1846. H e

wen t west in 1865 and l i ved among the Indians for four years . In 1869

he came east for techni cal instructions and became a student at the

P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine Ar ts remaining there unt il 1873when he entered the studio ‘

o f P eter M oran . E i gh t years later he re

turned to Colorado, opened a studio at Colorado S prings and became

known as a painter of Ind ians and western scenes.

M r . Craig has exhibi ted in eastern galleries and many of his pic turesha v e gone to Europe. Count Orloff Davidorff of S t. Petersburg and

the Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos are among dist inguished peo

ple who own his pi c tures. Representat ive pi ctures are,

“Trailing in Medi c ine man”

S cou t ing party H ualipi”

A S ioux lookou t

Mr . Craig’s knowledge is so accurate that the studen t of Indian - cos

tume may be sure that every detail is correc t . If a Sioux warrior 1s

depic ted on‘the war path his streaks of paint are in the proper place and

of the proper color Each canvas is a h istori cal record . ( Int.

studio,52 :xciv . )

CRANE, BRUCE, (P . ) b . New York,Oc tober 17 1857 . S tudied art under

A lexander H . Wyant . At the age of seventeen while resid ing in E li zabeth , New Jersey, he entered the office of an arch i tec t and bu ilder and

there had actual experience as a prac ti cal draugh tsman . I n 1878 he

went abroad visi ting the galler ies of L i verpool,London and P aris . H is

first pi cture,“A n O ld mi ll pond on Long Island

,

”was exh ibi ted at the

National Academy in 1879 . The summer of 1882 he spent in the h istori cold town of Grez

,near the forest of Fontainebleau .

H e received the Webb pri ze,Society Ameri can Artists

,1887 bronze

73

medal, Paris Exposi t ion, 1900; the George Inness memorial gold medalNational Academy, 1901 . An associate member of the National Academy in 1897

, full member, 1901 . H e belongs dist inc tly to the plein air

school of landscape painters and chooses only nat ive subjec ts. A s a

teacher he has met with remarkable success.

M r . Crane has produced a long list of charming,poeti c canvases

,be

ing one of Ameri ca’s most idylli c landscape painters.

H is most no table canvases are

“WinterA haystack ’

Apple blossomsBrown and sere

R ipening grain”

The gray h ill”

Rainbow”

Indian summerAwakening h ills

H e wri tes : “A work of art is not a scientific statement . I t is enoughif it be true to i tself

,that is to say, harmon ious.

”

“I t is by the simple selec tion of colors and the consc ient ious painstaking methods that Crane has ach ieved his notable successes.

”(Brush

P . 1 1

C ROW N I N SH IE LD,FREDER I C

, (P .

,I .

,Mural and stained -glass designer )

b . Boston, Mass,November 27

,1845 . Mr . C rowninshield was educated

at Harvard and studied art wi th .Rowbotham in London . For a numberof years he lived in I taly and in Rome studied wi th Jean Achille B énouVille. For three years he l i ved in Siena where he learned the techn i calsecrets of

“buon fresco,

”almost a lost art . T o this period belong many

of his deligh tful water colors . H e visi ted Paris frequently and stud iedunder Cabanel at the E cole des Beaux Arts and worked wi th Couture i l lhis stud io at Villers-le-B el

,near Paris . S hortly after his return to the

Un i ted States in 1878 M r . C rowninshield was appointed instruc tor of

drawing,painting and decorat ive art i ll the school connec ted w i th the

Boston M useum of Fine Arts . Th is posi t ion he held unti l 1 885 durlngwh ich t ime he lec tured on artisti c anatomy .

After moving to New York he execu ted a memorable series of stainedglass w indows . A t this t ime he d id his mos t important mural painting .

During the past few years he has de v eloped another side o f h is talentlandscape painting . Mu ch of his t ime is de v oted to guid ing the activi

ties of the art societ ies in New York . H e has been president of the Fi ne

November woodsP eace at nigh tA black cloud”

Waste land”

White fieldsA New England meadowH arvest field”

After the rain

74

Arts Federation of New York since 1900; direc tor of the American Academy at R ome 1909-1 1 and is an associate member of the National Academy of New York . H is book “Mural painting” is a standard work .

A s a painter, poet, craftsman, illustrator, teacher, lecturer, afterdinner speaker, organizer, he holds an unique place in the art world of

the Uni ted States.

CRU N E LLE,LE ONARD

,S . ) b . Lenz

,France. H is fam ily emigrated to

Ameri ca and found work in the coal mines near Decatur,I ll . Leonard

amused himself after‘

work by modeling figures out of coal . Lo radoTaft

,the sculptor, d iscovered h im and later became his instructOr in

Ch icago .

Mr. C runelle first won recogni tion through his models of babies.

“The

squ irrel boy” is perhaps the most popular of his later studies.

Christine Bennet t says : “H is work has made for i tself a permanen tplace and his fu ture promises a fulfilment that will rank him among thegreatest of Amer i can sculptors. (Arts and D .

“C runelle’

s Art,

”said Lorado Taft

,

“reminds me of the puri ty and sim

plicity of the old F lorentines . H e rejoi ces in you th and in the springtime Of life.

”

CURRAN, CHARLE S COURTNEY, (P . ) b . Hartford,Ky.

,February 13

,1861.

Began to study art at the Cincinnat i School of Design then became a

pupi l of the A rt Students’ League and the Nat ional Academy of Designof New York ; later studied wi th Benjamin-Constan t and Dou cet inParis. In 1900 he became a member of the Ameri can Arts Commissionat the Paris Exposit ion and was assistant d irec tor of fine arts at the

P an-American Exposi tion . H as taugh t at the Prat t Insti tu te and ArtS tudents’ League. A member of the Soc iety of Ameri can Ar tists and

o ther art associations ; elec ted associate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,1888 ; academ ician ,

1904.

I n 1888 his pi cture “A breezy day”recei ved the th ird Hallgarten prize

and his “Lotus li lies of Lake Erie” won honorable mention in the Parissalon of 1890.

Among his most important canvases are

“The sirens “The enchanted shoreThe Peris”

T he perfume of roses-A deep sea fantasy Catching minnows”

A series of twelve v iews of the Jungfrau .

H is subjects include domest ic genre and outdoor life,ideal groups

and figures and composi tions in which his imagination takes free play

75

i l l the depi c t ion of the fanci ful realms inhab i ted by the fairies.

”(Nat.

Cyc . Am . Biog . )“H e enac ts the doc trine that the truest appeal of O il and canvas shou ld

be almost as abstrac t as that of musi cal_sounds H e nei ther lays

an undue emphasis on drawing nor on elaborate or super-refined colorings

,though clean and wel l-con trolled in the former direc t ion and clear

and as a ru le full of sunl igh t in the lat ter Rather he controlsand marks his paint ing with the needed sent iment of peace and rel ish inman and nature.

”( Cri t i c

DABO,LEON

,P . ) b . Detroi t

,Mich .

,July

,1868

,of French parents

,and

educated at S ain t Ann ’s school

,Detroi t ; was also a student at Ecole

des Arts Decoratifs and under Daniel U rabietta Vierge,Paris

,and

‘

re

ceived instruc tions from Galliard i in R ome and F lorence ; l i ved in Sic ily,Sardinia and Corsica ; returned to the Uni ted States in 1892 . I s repre

sented in collections at Berl in,Dresden

,London Nat ional Gallery

,New

York,Wash ington Museum of A rt

,Detroi t and other Ameri can c i t ies .

The works of this “poet in color” for years were uniform ily rejec tedby the juries of our American exh ibi tions as regularly as they were sen t .But when M . Leonce Benedi te

,direc tor of the Luxembourg Museum ,

was in th is country in 1907 he bore back to P aris in glad tr iumph forthe Luxembourg one of Dabo’

s pic tures that had been uniformly re

jected by our exhibi t ions.

Artists like Edmond Aman-Jeal l and Auguste Rodin,cri tics l ike Paul

Vallorbe and Camille M auclair,poets l ike Mauri ce Maeterlinck and A na

to] de Braz,and such responsible au thori t ies as M . Leonce Benedite

of the Luxembourg and Alexander D . Goltz,president of the Modern

Society of Painters,Vienna

,have joined in apprec iative praise of th is

painter . ( Craftsman 13Most of Dabo’

s work has been done around New York bay and alongthe banks of the Hudson river .

“Each pi c ture is made up of a success ion of harmonious tones wh ichblend together In pleasing symphoni c effec ts .

”(Brush P .

A few of his works are

“The Hudson,Fort Lee The Hudson near K ingston

The Hudson river” “The cloud”

The H udson in w inter The sea”

The W’eehawken bas in harly morning, Hud son ri v er”

Evening on the Hudson “Golden days”

H e is a mysti c of color . H e bel ie v es that colors have the power toinvoke moods direc tly and also that by closing O l l e’

s eyes at anv moment

76

one can see the color wh i ch is expressive of one’s mood at just that t ime.

‘

“H is preference in color is for iridescent shades, for subtle golds and

soft blues and for the mysti c darks of nigh t . H e avoids the garishhours of. the day, and all Obvious aspects of things ; he never wearies of

trying to cat ch on the wing— with sense grown ever finer and keenerthose elusi ve, impalpable fleet ing subtleties of color and ligh t wh ichgive one the sense of spiri tuali ty so charac teristic of his best . work .

(Louise M . Kueffner i ll S ewanee Review,

DABO,THEODORE SCOTT

, (P . ) b . Detroi t , Mich .

,1870

,of

,

French parents

,and educated at Saint Ann’

s school , Detroi t . When hi_s : father,

Ignace S cot t Dabo ( himself an art ist ) died i ll 1885 , the fam ily movedto New York Ci ty . Leon

,the oldest son

,went to work for a decorator,

that th is gifted brother,T . S cot t

,migh t study withou t turning h is talent

to commercial profi t . For sixteen years the paint ings of the brothersDabo were refused admission to the art exh ibi t ions in th is country .

‘

E d i

mond Aman-Jean,the French painter

,was the first to recognize the -

ar

tistic value of their wor k and took T . Scot t to P aris‘

where his canvaseswere accepted by the salon and he greeted as an art ist of rare individuali ty and strength .

M . Henr i Pene DuB ois says : “T . Scot t Dabo’s works are hymns

'

to

nature. They are skies wi th vermilion mists exhal ing praise as froma

censer, marshes of melancholy,r i v ers of peace and forgiveness

,fairy

spec tacles of land and water .

” M r . DuB ois also suggests P oe as a sourceof inspirat ion. Another saw in his work the influence of Mallarme.

O c tave M irbeau recently wrote that T . S cot t Dabo had the charm of

P uvis de Chavannes and the transparency of Carr iere.

Reproduc tions can gi v e no adequate idea of the depth of ligh t and

charm in color in T . Sco t t Dabo ’s

“Tour S t . Jacques in the rain,

”or

his“Even ing on the S eine.

”

“W e are the painters of atmospher i c condi tions,

” they say : everyth ing in nature moves, we, therefore endea v or to paint movement . ” Theymake color a vehicle of musi c-like vibrat ions. ( I nt. studio

DA INGERFIELD, ELL IOTT, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . H arper’

s Ferry,Va .

,

M arch 26,1859 . S tudied drawing and painting in New York w i th a

pri v ate teacher,also at the A rt S tudents’ League. First exh ibi ted at

National Academy of Design in 1880. S tudied in Europe durlng 1897 .

I s professor of paint ing and composi tion at the P hi ladelph ia S chool of

Design . A member of the National Academy,1906. A wri ter on art

subjec ts .

M r . Daingerfield’s productions are larg ely figure and landscape, and

7

h is studies are usually taken from rural life,the toiler of the field being

his favori te subjec t .I n his paintings

,color quali ty and depth of feel ing are the dominant

features and pervade the rough exteriors i l l which h is charac ters are

d ressed . (Nat. Cyc . Am . Biog . )

A mong his noted canvases are

“Two women shall be workingin the fields”

My lady rhododendronCh i ld of M ary”

A garden of dreamsLabor and plenty”

P lant ing”

Mr. Dangerfield was commissioned to paint the “Lady Chapel” of the

Church Of S t. M ary the Virgin,New York

,in 1902 .

“H e' is an imaginati ve pain ter with a strong sense of decorat ive beauty

‘

and he subordinates realisti c fac ts to the effect of the ensemble.

”

.DALL IN,CYRU S EDWIN

, ( S . ) b . Springfield,U tah

,November 22

,1861.

The fi rst eigh teen years of his life were spen t in the mountains of Utah .

Whenonly seven years of age he attempted to model heads Of his favorite Indian ch iefs

,and at the age of eigh teen when sift ing ore in the

mines he modeled two heads in claV . These were so admired by the

miners that they sen t them to a fair 1 11 S al t Lake Ci ty . Two weal thymining men in Utah saw the heads

,became interested in the young

genius,and made i t possible for him to go to Boston where he com

menced study wi th Truman H . Bart lett,the sculptor . Later he went to

Paris and stud ied under Chapu and Dampt. While in France he becameacquainted wi th R osa Bonheur and during the t ime that Buffalo Bi ll andhis company of Indians were in P aris they Dall in and the great Frenchartist— worked together

,frequently from the same model .

M r . Dall in has made a remarkable ser ies wh i ch tel ls the storv of the

Indian ’s relat ion to the wh i te man

First,

“S ignal of peace ;” the welcome.

Second,

“Medicine man ;”the warn ing .

Third,

“The protest ;” defiance.

Fourth,

“Appeal to the Great Spiri t ;”the las t hope of the Indian .

The fourth of the ser ies T he appeal to the Great Spiri t —was

awarded the gold medal i l l the P aris salon of 1909 .

“Th is statue is one

of the greatest pieces of sculpture in modern ar t and is comparab le wi ththe antique in its simpl i c i ty .

”(Arts D . 4

“T he lost sheepThe mother”

“A madonna of the fieldsC hrist in the wi lderness

’

A wood -cu t ter”

S tory of the madonnaThe tanagra”

78

This series is an example of the scu lptor ’s synthetic insigh t and his

skilful interpretation of psychologi cal moments.

”

H is bas-rel ief of Julia Ward Howe is commented on‘

as being “of

exqu isi te sinceri ty of l ine,a reti cent self-contained work and an ac

curate l ikeness .

”(New Eng . M . n . s . 48

A bronze statue of“Don Quixote” was exh ibi ted in the Paris salon and

cri t i cs refer to it as one of the most deligh tfully original and imaginati ve of American sculptures. I t i s concei ved in an absolu telyideal spirit and is enveloped in an atmosphere of romance whi ch is com

pletely in harmony wi th that of Cervantes.

”

H e modeled the gilded bronze angel wh i ch surmounts the spire of the

Mormon Temple in Salt Lake Ci ty ; also modeled the statue of Sir IsaacNewton for the rotunda of the L ibrary of Congress.

H is “Despair” is an extremely graceful nude. (New England . M . n . s .,

21

DAN NAT,WILL I AM T .

, (P . ) b . Hempstead,L . I .

,July 9

,1853. Going

abroad at an early age, he was educated in art at the Royal Academy of

Muni ch ; studied also in I taly and Spain,after wh ich he settled in Paris .

No foreign painter has ever received greater praise from the Frenchpeople.

H is first p i c ture to at trac t at tention was his celebrated painting en

ti tled “The quartet te,

”exh ibi ted in the salon of 1884. Th is pic ture was

also exhibi ted at the Universal Exposi t ion 1889 and was given a placeof honor in the Ameri can sec tion . I t procured the artist the rank of

chevalier in the Legion of Honor. H e was elec ted ofii cer,1897 ; com

mander, 1900. M r . Dannat is president of the Paris Society of AmericanP ainters and has been the recipient of numerous medals and d iplomas .

Popular paintings“After the mass M ariposaO tera Une Saducéenne woman inSpanish women whi te.

Aragonese smuggler”'

Un profil blond”; study in red .

A sacristy in Aragon

Degas is his ideal, and the study of art ificial l igh t his field of ex

periment .

”(M iither . )

“I n Mr. Dannat’s work we find the quali ties of the most gifted artists

a V ision of singular acu teness and sensi ti v eness,a refinement and del i

cate intel ligence, perfec t command of the means of drawing and painting and finally that taste and that aesthet i c tac t wh ich enables him to

avo id every excess whether of commonplace or of eccentri c i ty —these

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80

Of all these recent portrai t-busts that of Georg Brandes is the mostinterest ing . The Great Dane

,as he has so Often been called , is an ex

traord inary mixture of kindl iness and cyni c ism,of enthusiasm and des

pair .

” The Conrad bust is to be used as a frontispiece in a com

plete edi tion of his novels .

”

DAVIE S,ARTHUR H

, ( P . ) b . Uti ca,N . Y .

,1862. Received silver medal

at P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion, Buffalo, 1901 , and is a member of the N ew

York Water Color Club .

An art critic recently wr i t ing on the American art of the Metropolitan Museum of A rt

,New York

,refers to the strange somnambul istic

intensi ty of his“Dream s” “With an entire absence “

of color and its greatbeau ty of tone, the sense of slow con tinuous movemen t secured not bythe drawing of the figure i tself

,bu t by the imaginative composi t ion of

the background .

William J. Glackens wri tes enthusiast i cally of the art' a of‘ Arthur B .

Davies : “H e is the most importan t man in th is country . Bu t his art

is not national ; i t' is un i versal . H e is a symbol ist , a painter of i deas .

Davies has felt the influence of the modern Frenchmen or of the old

I talians, or Mantegna,for example

,and insisted upon harmonious ~ar~

rangement, upon order,wh i ch is the bat tlecry of the post-impressionists .

H e aims straigh ter, perhaps, than any other man here at beau ty .

”(Arts

D . 3

DAV I S,CHARLE S HAROLD

, (P . ) b . A'mesbury,Mass

,January 7 , 1856.

Very early he displayed marked artist i c abi li ty . H e was a pupil of

O tto Grundmann and the Museum of Fine Arts,Boston

,three years ;

also studied.

under Lefebvre and Boulanger,Paris

,and remained in

France ten years exh ibi t ing in the salons during that time. Mr . D avishas resided at Mysti c

,Conn .

,since 1890.

H e is represented at Metropoli tan Museum ,New York , Corcoran Gal

lery'

of A rt,Wash ington

,P ennsylvania A cademy of the Fine

delphia,A rt Institu te

,Chicago

,Carnegie Insti tu te

,Pi ttsburgh

,and has

b een awarded pri zes and medals at many compet i t i ve exh ibi t ions ; alsoreceived honorable ment ion in the Paris salon and in 1889 a secondclass medal at the Universal Exposi t ion

,his works thereby becoming

hors de concours . A member of the National Academy since 1906.

M r . Davis is one of the strongest Ameri can landscape painters . H e

gives the actual tone. of the hour,wheth er i t be sunrise

,noon or sunset ,

in which his own personal i ty while evident does not crowd out the per

sonality of nature.

“Conquering ligh t” is one of the most dramati c of his canvases and

September cloud” is qu i te beau tiful .

8 1

Among his most famous produ ct ions are

“Winter evening “R ocky pasture

“S ummer” O ak boughs”

The brook “The h i llsideTwi ligh t hour Summer breezeThe time of the red -wing black Au tumn cloudsbirc

S peaking of his works at a recent exh ibi tion,a we ll-known cri ti c

said : “Everywhere is dash,freedom

,personali ty

,nature

,charm .

”

I n his pic tures,M r . Davis intends to record artist i c sensat ions.

“Eachone has a par ti cular motif wh ich has been rendered in a fresh spontaneous and thorough ly pi ctor ial fash ion .

”

“The sc ience of his art is secondary to what he is trying to say, and in

its entirety of sc ience and art,of techn ique and sent iment

,these pic

tures by M r . Dav is rank h im among the g rea t landscapists of the day.

”

(Brush P .

DEAK IN,EDWIN

, (P . ) b . S heffield,England

,1840. Recei ved early edu

cation in his nat ive town . From the ou tset of his career he had a fondness for landscape and arch i tec ture. After following his art in E ng

land and France he came to Ameri ca and set tled in Berkeley,Cal i

fornia,and selec ted the Spanish missions of California as a spec ial ty .

M r . Deakin began his work in 1870 and the series,comprising twenty

one missions,was completed in 1899 . The series of stru c tures painted by

M r . Deakin was begun under Father Junipero S erra, the leader of the

Franciscans,who came to Cali forn ia in 1769 . (Brush P .

DEARTH,HENRY GOLDEN

, ( P . ) b . Bristol,R . I .

,April 22

,1863. Pupi l

of E cole des Beaux Arts ; also studied wi th M orot and Merson . H e

won the Webb pri ze Soc iety Ameri can Art ists 1893 ; bronze medal ,P aris Exposi t ion

,1900; si lver medal P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion

,Buffalo ,

1901 ; was elec ted assoc iate member Nat ional Academy In 1902 ; academ i

eian in 1906.

Mr . Dearth ’s specialty is landscapes on the Coast of Normandy . H e

has a home and a studio at Montreu i l-sur-M er i ll P as-de-Calais, alongthe English Channel where he work s several months each year . T he

keyno te of his work is simpli c i ty . H e suggests detai ls . This is mos tapparent i ll his “S unset in Norlnandv.

” H is pic tures have digni ty and

poetry . (Century

DE CAMP,JOSEPH R ODE EER, (P .

,M ural P . ) b . Cincinnat i , O .

, November 5

,1858 . S tudied art with Frank Duveneck , at the C incinnat i Acad

1 1

82

emy and at the Royal Academy, Muni ch . Later ac companied Duveneckand Whistler to F lorence and Veni ce. W on first pr i ze c i ty hall decora~

tive compet i t ion Philadelph ia ; Temple gold medal , Pennsylvania Academy of the FineArts, 1889 ; recei v ed honorable ment ion at Paris E xposition 1900; gold medal at S t . Lou is Exposi t ion 1904 . Member of the so

ciety of T en Ameri can P ainters . H as been instructor in the P ennsyl

vania Academy of the Fine Arts and a member of the facul ty in the

schools of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

M r. De Camp is known chiefly from his portrai t and figure painting,al though his landscapes are among the finest painted by Ameri can artists.

For years he has had steady patronage from soldiers,statesmen ,

musi c ians,artists

,wri ters and educators . H is portrai t of Col . Roose

velt wh ich he was commissioned by a commi ttee of the members of the

class of 1880 at H arvard to paint and wh ich hangs in Memor ial H all at

Cambridge,is considered a wonderfu l ach ievement . M r . De Camp ’

s workis not frequently seen i n New York except at exh ibi tions o f the T en

Ameri can Painters .

Arthur H oeber,the art cri t i c

,says : “None of the modern painters,

ei ther in th is country or in Europe is bet ter equ ipped techn i cally thanis Joseph De Camp H e draws w i th academic correctness, has a

thorough knowledge of anatomy and construction and for faci li ty of

brush work yields to no one.

”

Julia de Wolf Addison says that one of the best p i c tures ever paintedby Joseph De Camp is owned by the B oston M useum of Fine Ar tsGu i tar player .

P opular figure paintings are

“The blue cup'

The pink feather”

The gray turban

DE H AVEN S,FRANK

, (P ) b . Bluffton,I nd .

,December 26

,1856. With

money he earned at the age of Sixteen he bough t his first box of paints .

I n 1886 he went to N ew York and became a pupil of George H . Smillie.

H e won the Inness pri ze in 1900; S haw pri ze, 1901 , and received honorab le mention at the P anA merical l Exposi t ion

,Bu ffalo

,1901 . Elec ted

associate member of National Academy in 1902.

“Moonrise and sunset” he regards as his most impor tant work . I thas warm color and a hazy glow— the russet of au tumn

,ligh ted by the

sinking sun .

“Autumn twi ligh t” w i th i ts deep clear blue sky, in whichthe evening star twinkles near, the horizon,

is full of mystery .

“A M ainefarm” is a study of early au tumn wi th the neu tral atmospheri c grays of

3

the waning year . H is “Winter n igh t” and“Indian summer are in direc t

anti thesis .

H is versat il i ty is simply another expression for his breadth of interest ,and his var ious tonal schemes for his mastery of color .

“H is subjects are simp le and poet i cal, the last glow Of’

the sun,a windy

day, a threatening Sky, or struggl ing clouds throwing a stream Of l igh ton the plain

,furn ish the principal themes of his pic tures.

”-Hartmann .

H is ch ief interest is to manipulate his color so as to make his canvasthe means of imparting an emot ion H is scenes are bona fide

scenes,simple bi ts in which he has seen beauty ; and the emot ion he

seeks to arouse is the genu ine emotion that he h imself has experiencedand that he stri ves to make others feel .” (Brush P .

DE K AY,HELEN A . (M rs . R . W . Gi lder ) , (P . ) I t was in Miss De Kay

’s

studio that on June 1,1877

,she wi th Augustus Saint -Gaudens

,Wyat t

Eaton and Wal ter S hirlaw met and organ i zed the S ociety of Ameri canArtists.

M rs . Gilder has retired from the profession bu t Isham in wri t ing ‘Ofher pi c tures says : “ She showed a charming feeling for subtle color i l lher ideal heads and espec ially in her flower studies.

”

DEM ING,EDW ARD W ILLARD

, ( P .

,S .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . Ash land

,Ohio,

August 26,1 860. S tudied i ll the A rt S tudents’ League and under

Boulanger and Lefebvre,P aris .

M r . Deming’s work divides i tself into painting

,mural decorat ion prin

cipally, and modeling .

I t is in his pi ctures illustrating Indian folk-lore that M r . Demingtakes the greatest interest . “

T he H iawatha legends are the subjec t ofhis most charming canvases he del igh ts in scenes in which thereis the mystery of twiligh t .” (Craftsman

“Perhaps no one has more exqu isi tely revealed the first blush of dawn,the majesty of moonligh t

,the changing gray of twi ligh t

,the tragi c depth s

of lonel iness in the firs t daybreak i ll woods and prairies .

”(Craftsman

21

“E . W . Deming perhaps as much as any man in sculpture has brough tus the very intimate sou l of the aboriginal western folk .

”( Craftsman

The buffalo frieze i ll the residence of M r. Ernest Thompson S eton,by

M r. Deming,is a transcript of the open plain “under the unappeasable

sun of the south west . ” ( Int . stud io 27 :xv . )M r. Dem ing has i llu strated many s tories and books deal ing wi th I ll

dial l li fe. H e is now engaged in paint ing panels of Ind ian scenes for

84

the Ameri can museum of natural h istory . The panels are eigh t i l l number and wi ll illustrate the history of the principal tribes.

DE S SAR,LOU I S PAUL

, (P . ) b . Ind ianapol is,I nd .

,1867 . S tudied at the

National Academy in 1886 ; later wen t to Paris and studied underBouguereau and R obert-F leury and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.

Awarded third-class medal salon 1891 ; recei ved honorable mentionCarnegie Insti tu te, Pittsburgh , 1897 second Hallgarten prize NationalAcademy

,1900 bronze medal

,P aris Exposi t ion

,1 900 an associate mem

ber National Academy,1900; full member, 1906 .

“A n artist wi th a most deli cate color sense. Paints the decorativelandscape rather low in key, ri ch in color, and paint lai d on solidly .

”

I t is by h is sheep pi c tures that he is best known in th is country .

Even ing was one of the pr i ze pi c tures at the Columbian Exposi t ionChi cago

,1893.

Among his well—known works are

“Going home” Noc turne”

R eturn of the flock M oonri seThe fold in the woods C learing after the rain

“P loughing”

H is wife is the original of the charming subjec t “El izabeth .

”

“H e does not seem to care so much for composi tion or for assim ilat

ing the ingredients of the scene and represent ing them in synthetic form,

as for surface play of color i l l certain portions of the pi c ture. (The

art ist,24 :lix . )

“H e is fond of the atmospher i c effec ts of sunset and moonrise,and

often finds an aid to h is composi tion i ll his interest in animal life.

”( Int.

studio 27 :lxvi . )

DEWEY, C H ARLE S _M ELVI LLE, (P . ) b . Lowville

,New York

,July 16

,1851 .

A s a ch i ld he displayed art isti c tal ents,earning the money for his first

painting materials by bu i lding the fire in the country schoolhouse. In

1874 he went to N ew York and became a pupil i ll the Nat ional Academy ;two years later he went to Par is and entered the atelier of CarolusDuran and was honored i ll being selec ted as one of three pupils to assisth is master in the decorat ion of the

“Plafond”of the Louvre. H e re

turned to the Uni ted S tates and Opened a studio in New York in 1878 .

H e early became known as a truthful del ineator of familiar phasesOf Ameri can landscape.

“H is landscapes are syntheti c i ll treatment,for he seeks to interpret

,

rather than to transcr ibe an effec t .” (Nat. Cyc . Am . Biog . )

85

Charac teristi c paintings are

“Edge of the forest “Gray robe of twi ligh tThe close of day

” “R i ver at nigh t”

The queen of nigh t xeturn of the hay boats”

‘ An au tumn pastoral “The harvest moon

”

The star and the shadows”

H is pic tures have a l ik ing for the subdued ligh t of morning and evening, the trees massed dark against the sky, the depth and mistiness of

the twiligh t fol iage and the glow of the twi ligh t sky.

O

DEWING,MAR IA OAKLEY

, (M rs. T . W . Dewing ) , ( P .

,I . ) b . New York ,

O ctober 27, 1857 . P upil of Nat ional Academy of Design and John La

Farge in New York ; Courtois in Paris . R eceived bronze medal at P an

Ameri can Exposi t ion,Buffalo

,1901 .

Spec ialty : Figure and flower pieces and portrai ts.

DEW ING,THOMAS W ILMER

, ( P .

,M ural P . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,M ay 4 ,

1851 . Pupil of Bou langer and Lefebvre in P aris . W on the C larke pri ze,Nat ional Academy of Design, 1887 si l v er medal

,P aris Exposi t ion

,1889 ;

L ippincot t pr ize,Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

,1906 ; firs t

medal,Carnegie Inst i tu te

,1908 . Member of T en Ameri can Painters .

E lec ted a member of the National Academy of Design i ll 1888 .

“The exqu isi te poem ‘I n the garden ’ is one of the few perfec t masterpieces wh ich American figure painting has produced .

“The south wind”

is a very beau t iful allegori cal concept ion .

”

Charac teristi c paintings are

“S orcerersThe blue dressAfter sunset”

Yellow tuli psGirl with lu te’

A lady playing the vio lincelloThe spinet”

The quali ty i l l Dewing'

s work whi ch appeals to me "H artmann] beyond every o ther

,is its persona‘

l character ; i t reflec ts the. man ’

s mind ,

that of a refined epicu reanism , choo sing natu rally to li ve among da in tvsurround ings and beautiful women .

”

Caffil l says : “The techni cal summarv of Thomas \V. Dew ing

'

s work isimpression ism

,based upon ski lful d raf tsmal l ship and the fac ile interpre

fatiou of a color sense, not catho li c . bu t deep ly felt .Dewing paints amber-toned interiors .

Before sunrise :

The carnat ionThe garland ’

The mirror“Early portrai t of the art is t ’

s

daugh ter”

86

D IELMAN,FREDER ICK

, (Mural P .

,I . E . ) b . H anover

,Germany

,Dec.

25,1847 . Came to the Uni ted S tates in chi ldhood . Graduated at C al

vert “College. H is first artist i c work that appeared was ent i tled “Ascene from a confederate raid in Maryland

,

”and this was publ ished

when he was sixteen years of age. H e studied art under D iez at the

Royal Academy, Muni ch , returned to New York in 1876 and opened a

studio there.

M r. D ielman was one of the founders of the Soc iety of Ameri canArtists

,and was elec ted a member of the Nat ional Academy of Design

in 1883 ; also was one of the founders of the New York E tch ing Club ;was president of the National Academy of Design 1 889-1909 ; professorof descrip t ive geometry and drawing in College of N ew York since 1903.

He has contribu ted largely to the i llustrat ion of current fic tion in

leading magaz ines,and in edi t ions de luxe of the works of Longf ellow ,

Tennyson,E liot

,H awthorne and others .

M r . Dielman is a well-known designer of mosai c and mural work ; hispanels “Law”

and“History” in the L ibrary of Congress

,the large mo

sai c “Th rif t” in the A lbany Sav ings Bank and six mosai cs in the statecapi tol at DesM oines

,I a.

,rank wi th the best in th is l ine of art ' i l l

Amer i ca.

M r . Dielman also paints i ll oil,the subjec ts chosen being usually genre

or h istori cal . A few are

“The marriage of Francis Le O ld t ime favori tesBaron” A girl I know ’

“The Mora player

H is“Pomona,

” ‘ Gabrielle”and “Christ ine are dainty bi ts of exe

cution .

DI LLAY E, BLANCHE, (P .

,I .

,E . ) b . Syracuse

,N . Y . Educated at Ogontz

school . S tudied art in the Pennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts and

in P ar is ; a pupil of S tephen Parrish in etch ing ; has exhibi ted in Parissalons

,and in England , as well as at al l the principal exh ibi tions in the

Uni ted S tates. Recei ved sil v er medal for etch ing, at Atlan ta Exposi t ion ,

and at Uni versal Exposi t ion at Lor ient,France

,1903. She is repro

sented in art collec tion of Syracuse,N . Y . ; is V i ce-president of P hila

delph ia Water-color Club ; member of Women ’s A rt Club

,New York ;

Women’s A rt Association i ll Paris ; first president of Plast i c Club .

Miss Dillaye has a penchant for Odd nooks and narrow alleys — a

Quebec sail loft,

” being very charac teristic .

DI X,B ULAREE

, (M in . P . ) b . Illinois,Oc tober 5

,1879 . Pupil of S t.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

8

I3ennsylvania Academy schools i l l 1872 . H er train ing was continued inParis where for three years she worked under E variate Vi tal Lum inaisand afterward under Jules Lefebvre

,enjoying also the privilege at a later

period in her career of cri t i c ism from Boutet de Monvel . H er first publicly exhibi ted work was “L ’

amour menetrier”shown in the Paris salon

of 1877 H er decorative paint ing “P ax Patriae” was an especial featureof the Pennsylvania state bu i lding at the Columbian Exposi tion .

“La

dance” is an exemplification of her early style and “Deborah,

” recentlyacqu ired by the Corcoran Gallery of A rt

,Wash ington

,D . C .

,well repre

sents the second period of her art development . H er most importanth istori cal work is “

The signing of the Declarat ion of Independence inthe state house

,Ph iladelph ia

,Fourth of Ju ly

,177 and

“The Invocat ionof Moses” in Saint Bartholomew church

,Brigh ton

,England

,is her most

important decorat ive work . In her landscapes “there is a marked delicacy of feeling.

”

“H er l im i tations were the l im i tat ions Of her temperament . I n her

paint ing there can be heard no striden t call for recogn i t ion,bu t always

the soft VO I ce of beau ty makes last appeal Through each suc

ceeding step of her art ist i c growth there is a sympathet i c int imacy wi ththe more subtle truths of nature. ( Int. studio 45 :xxxvi i . )

DOLPH,JOHN H .

, ( P . ) b . Fort A nn,N . Y .

,April 1 8

,1835 ; (1: New York

Ci ty,September 28

,1903. H e studied portrai t painting wi th A llen

Smith at Cleveland ; began his career by paint ing portrai ts in Detroi tin 1857 and wen t to N ew York a few years later . Going to Europe hestudied animal painting under Van Kuyck at Antwerp , spec iali z ing on

horses . I n 1875 he painted a Persian cat wh ich was greatly admired ,and from that time he pain ted cats and dogs almost exclusively .

H e was made an associate member of the Nat ional Academy of DesIgni ll 1877

,and full member in 1898 .

A n art cri t i c has wri t ten :“Dolph ’

s cat pi c tures are second only toBrown ’

s bootblacks though from the techni cal side M r. Dolph ’s work

ranks much h igher . I n what the painters call quali t ies—_ the representation of texture— he is parti cularly successful . When he pu ts one of

his ca ts on a piece of velvet you rather feel that i t is velvet .Dolph ’

s cats are as famous i l l Ameri ca as are B onner’s in Europe.

DONOGHUE,JOHN

, ( S . ) b . Ch icago,I ll .

,1853 ; d . New Haven,

Conn .

,

July 3,1903. O f very humble parentage ; had a short period of art study

at the Academy Of Design,Chicago ; later studied wi th Jou ffroy i ll the

E cole des Beaux Arts,P aris. Exh ibi ted a head “P haedra” i ll the salon

of 1880 and returned to Chicago the same yearx When O scar Wilde

89

visi ted th is country i ll 1882 he called attention to Donogllue’

s artisti cpromise and th rough his efforts Donoghue was able to return to Europethe fol lowing year . Recei ved honorable ment ion in the Paris salon of

1886. In Rome he produ ced a number of remarkable works .

“YoungS ophocles” undoub tedly his h ighes t inspiration, stands among the most

perfec t examples of ideal sculpture yet produced by an Ameri can .

I t was Donoghue’s dream to be represented i ll his nat ive c i ty by a

great work of art. H e concei ved the idea for an immense statue to beknown as

“The spiri t . ” (M i lton is said to have been the inspirat ion . )This colossal statue was in tended for the Columbian Exposi t ion

,1893.

Arri v ing too late,no arrangements were made to receive i t in New York

and i t was left on the dock . The art ist could not pay the transportation bi ll. This and the fai lure to Show h is work in publ i c caused h im

grevious disappo intment . H e lost enthusiasm and ambi tion and bu tli t tle was known of him until his dead body was found on the shores of

Lake Whi tney,near New Haven

,Conn .

,he having comm i tted sui cide.

(Taft’s

“History of Ameri can scu lpture ”)

DONOHO,GA INE S R UGER

, ( S .

,P . ) b . Church H ill

,Miss

,1857 . Pupi l

of A rt Student‘

s’ League of New York and R . Swain Gifl ord

,Lefebvre and

Boulanger .

Recei ved s ilver medal at P aris Exposi t ion 1889 .

Kenyon Cox says : “M r . Donoho is a painter who has produced too

l i t tle and exh ibi ted too li t tle of what he has produced,bu t th is pi c ture

"“La M arcellerie

”

] decorat ively designed and closely studied shows us a

talen t at once rebust and fine.

”

Another cri t i c refers to the same pi c ture as fully up to the best salonstandards and espec ially as

“being beautifully painted u

DOUGHERTY,P AUL

, (P . ) b . Brooklyn,N . Y .

,S eptember 6

,1877 . Gradu

ated from the New York law school,1 898 . S oon after he dec ided to

abandon a legal career and pursue art. H e stud ied perspec ti ve and formunder Constantin H ertzberg and then tra v eled ; and later stud ied ar t

five years in Paris,London

,Florence

,Veni ce and M uni ch . I t is by his

marines that he won fame.

International stud io 36 zi ii says of h im and his art :“Never anecdo tal

he is always pi c turesque H e wou ld i ll rock represen tat ion showcompactness and texture so clearly that its geological h is tory mav be

read by a sc ient ist . H e wou ld i l l ocean convey a profound impress ionof its depth

,its laten t cruelty and its almost resistless and rhythmic

power of wave.

“Northern sky”suggests the tremendou s speed of a h igh

billow hurled at a towering rock mass w i th the furv of the whole ocean

90

behind it More wave h istory is told in “The cleft ” “The Twisted

ledge” is a study in perspect ive of rock form The black wave”

represents the dynamics Of ocean currents The nearest ap

proach to impressionism is“Sun and storm Mr . Dougherty

shou ld not be judged entirely as a painter of marine ; cloud, mountainand plain as well as rock

,sea and sky have been depic ted by him .

”

“Bet ter than others has he interpreted atmospheri c effects on luminousspray —the evanescent charm of the ever-changing Sea.

”(A rt P .

H is“Land and sea

” is in the Corcoran Gallery of A rt and his “Sun

and mist” is - in the Nat ional Gallery .

“Paul Dougherty in his “Rock channel” shows us that he understandsthe plac id beauty of undisturbed blue waters as well as the splendorand terror of Cornwall storm s .

”( Craftsman 24

A member of leading art clubs ; elec ted assoc iate of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,1906 ; academician, 1907 .

DUEN ER,EDWARD

, (P . ) b . Bu ffalo,New York . S tud ied art in Madrid

and was a pupil of Whistler and Laurens in Paris . R eceived honorable ment ion in the P aris salon of 1902 . I s a member of the Paris Ameri can Ar tists Associat ion

,New York Wa ter-Color Club

,and many other

leading art clubs. E lected associate member of the Nat ional Academyin 19 10. Instructor in the A rt S tudents’ League of New York .

Most important work is “P ortrai t of a young lady in pink .

”

DUNLAP, MARY STEWART, ( P . ) b . in Oh io . Now resides in P asadena ,

Cali fornia. H er firstart studies were in New York after which she spentfour years in P aris at the academies Delecluse and - Whistler . She

sketched and painted in O il and water-color through Bri ttany and Nor

mandy . H er work in P aris was followed by artisti c pilgrimages to Romeand F lorence. Return ing to the Uni ted S tates she dec ided to makeS ou thern California her home.

“H er delineat ion is elusi ve to the point of impressionism i t is ratherthe spiri t of a certain hour of a certain day that she wishes to record

Nature In M iss Dunlap ’s paintings does not necessarily mean

a li teral representat ion Of natural objec ts H er work suggestsrather that the color and the atmospher i c transi tions of nature are a

worth ier subjec t . I n Pasadena she found a field for a wider diversi tyof material she is most desirous of interpret ing— the portrayal of transient color effect . ” ( I nt. studio 45 : xxi i i . )

DUVENECK,FRANK

, (P .

,S .

,E .

,Mural P . ) b . 1848 .

When eigh teen years of age he was employed by a church decorator in

9 1

Cincinnat i and soon became an exceed ingly valuable assistant . In 1870

he went to M uni ch and entered the Royal Academy . After three monthswork in the antique class under S trahuber, he was admi t ted to the painting class of Prof . von D ietz . H is progress Was looked upon as phenomenal ; he took all pri zes of the academy from an tique drawing to composition . I n 1878 he opened a school of painting in Mun i ch wh ich becameso popu lar that when he decided to go to Florence

,nearly half of his

pupils insisted on go ing with him ; so he continued his classes in Florence and Veni ce for two years .

H e has recei ved a number of medals and honors of many kinds. H e

was elec ted member of the National Academy of Design,New York

,in

1906. Since returning to Cincinnati,he has devoted much time to teach

ing a painting class i ll the A rt Museum of that ci ty .

Typical works are

“Turkish page The woman w i th forgetmenotsWhistling boy Venetian shrine”

M an wi th ruff” Interior of S t . Marks,Ven i ce.

Prof . Loeff tz

In addi tion to painting and etch ing,he has done some remarkable

work in sculpture,recei ving an award in the salon for a monument he

made to his wife. H is mural decorat ion ill the new Cathol i c cathedralCovington

,Ky.

,is spoken of as being a serious and d ign ified piece of

work .

“Duveneck ’s works w i th the paint brush are

,wi th few exceptions,

distinctly paintings in the complete and full sense of the word,because

they are emphat i cally made wi th paint and the paint brush and not

drawn and colored . I t is the expressi ve use of the paint brush i tselfthat is a large factor in the art ist ic value of his work .

”(Arts and D .

1

Mr . Duveneck was awarded the special grand pri ze at the PanamaPacific Exposi t ion

,1915 .

EAK IN S,THOMA S

, (P . ) b . Philadelph ia, P a .

,July 25

,1844 . Studied

art in Philadelph ia,at the Ecole des Beaux Ar ts, the Atelier Bonnat,

and under Gerome and Dunlont i ll P aris .

H e has recei ved many medals and pr i zes . W as elec ted a member of

the National Academy of Design,New York

,i ll 1902. Instructor i l l the

P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts .

Since his return to the Un i ted S tates he has taugh t in l ife classes ,

lectured as demonstrator of anatomy and become professor of paint ingand direc tor of the P ennsylvania academy .

92

H is pic tures are very varied i ll their subjec ts. H e has painted manysmall pic tures of domesti c scenes in the early days of America, of American sporting and a thleti c games

,studies of the Ameri can negro charac

ter and also portrai ts.

Eakins with a like grasp of the personali ty of his sub

jects and an even greater enjoyment of the pi cturesqueness of theiratt i tudes and apparel

, yet fai ls of the popular apprec iation that hemeri ts because of his neglec t of the beauties and graces of paint ing— not

the beauties and graces of his subjec ts .

”( Isham . )

“Cello player”and

“Salutat”are finished paint ings and bet ter indi

cate h is power as an art ist than the“Dancing lesson”

and portrai tsearlier exh ibi ted .

”(Brush P .

EATON,CHARLE S HARRY

, ( P .

,I . ) _b . near Akron

,December 13

,1850,

d . Leonia,N . J.

,Augu st 4

,1901 . A s a painter and illustrator

,was self

taugh t . First exh ibi ted at the National Academy of Design,New York ,

1881 . Recei ved si lver medal,Boston . Associate member of the National

Academy,1893. W on the Evans pri ze in 1898 wi th his paint ing “The

brook,

”and recei ved the gold medal of the A rt C lub of P h iladelph ia for

his“Wi llows

,

” i ll 1 900.

“Li ly pond ’ is another popular pic ture of his .

EATON,WYATT

, (P . ) b . P h i lipsburg,Pro v ince of Quebec

,Canada

,M ay

6,1849 . S tudied art in New York at the Nat ional Academy of Design

before going abroad in 1872 . H e spent a few weeks in London wherehe met Whistler

,then went to P aris where he worked under Gerome ;

made the acquaintance of Millet,also M unkaczy. For four years his

t ime was divided between Paris and Barbizon,in the forest of Fon

tainebleau .

In his“H ay makers we trace the influence of Mi llet and B astein

Lepage.

Whi le in France he pain ted figure subjects,landscapes and portrai ts,

exh ibi t ing in the salon of 1874 his“R everie”

and two years later '

h is“H arvesters at rest .” I n 1876 he returned to Ameri ca and became a

teach er in the li fe and antique classes in draw ing at C ooper Insti tu teand was act ive i ll the formation of the Society of Ameri can Art ists.

Upon his return to Ameri ca his first important works were life portrai ts of Bryant

,Longfellow

,Emerson

,Whitt ier and H olmes . H is

portrai t of M rs . R . IV. Gilder and painting ent i tled “M an and viol in”

ha v e an und ispu ted place among the best pi c tures produced in th iscountry .

“H is charac terist i c note was not strength bu t rather del i cacy of feel

ing : feeling for tone and color in his “Reflec tion,

” feel ing for grace i ll

93

his li t tle classi c figures,feeling “

for charac ter in the crayon heads tha the did of Emerson and H olmes and Whi tt ier and others .

”( Isham . )

EBERLE,A BA ST EN I A S T . LEGER

, ( S . ) b . i l l Iowa,April 16 , 1878 . S tudied

sculpture with George Grey Barnard and Gutzon Borglum .

M iss Eberle was an accompl ished mu si c ian which line of art istic en

deavors she abandoned for scu lpture. There is a touch of mystery and

grace pe inent in her small works,as in

“The dancer” where the wind

of her movements draws her flying draperies aga inst her body . Th iswork was sold at the Internat ional exh ibi tion in Veni ce

,1909 .

“Windydoorstep” won the H elen Foster Barnet t pri ze.

“ In “L ’ I solée” we have

the nude ; in“Bac chante”

a classi c theme ; and\

in“Indian Fighting

Eagle” we see the aboriginal portrayed in a dramat i c manner .

The rendering of motion espec ially appeals to Miss Eberle. She says :If I were a painter

,I would be an Impression ist . ”

H er collaborations with Miss Anna Vaughn H yat t have received com

mendation and praise from those qual ified to pass upon their art isti cmeri ts .

Gi les Edgerton says “O ne of the most impersonal of the women sculptors is Miss A bastenia S t. Ledger Eberle . H er work does not suggest aneffort to overcome a femin ine point of v iew or to ape the masculine wayof ach ievemen t . She just seems to present people

,l i t tle ch ildren

,old

beggar women, Indians, more absolutely than indi v idually .

M iss Eberle is interested in settlemen t Work and makes many journeys to the East S ide

,and is perfec t ly acquainted wi th the youngsters

Whose natures she re v eals to us i ll bronze.

“Coal pi cker and “R ag

gatherer” give the somber aspec t of her work .

”(Arts and D .

ELL IOTT,CHARLE S LOR ING

, ( P . ) b . Scipio , Cayuga C O .

,N . Y .

,Decem

ber,1812 ; (1. Albany

,N . Y .

,September 20

,1868 . Became a pupi l o f

Trumbu ll and painted portrai ts whi le st ill a young man ; opened a stud ioin New York early i ll his career . W as elec ted assoc iate member of the

Nat ional Academy of Design in 1845,and f ll ll member in 1846 . I s said

to have painted more than se v en hundred portrai ts Of eminent people.

At the exh ibi t ion of the National Academy in 1868 -69 many of his painting were shown

,including :

'

Don Qu ixoteFalstaff”

Andrew Van C orlear, the tru l l lpeter

”and

The head of S kanea teles Lake,

”the onlv landscape he e v er painted .

Tuckerman says : “No one call mis take the ri ch tin ts and vigo rou sexpression

,the charac ter and ~ co lor wh ich distingu ish E lliot t ’s portrai ts :

94

Elliot t stands among the first American portrai t painters,especially

for old and character hedas . H is portrai t of Fletcher Harper is con

sidered by artists and crit i cs to be a masterpiece,and the committee

who selec ted American pi ctures to be sen t to the Paris Exposi t ionunanimously chose it as a typical and clever American por trai t .

ELL IOTT,JOHN

, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . England

,April 22

,1858.

'

. A

student in the Julien Academy ; also pupil of Carolus Duran and Of Josede Villegas at Rome. Whi le in Rome he painted his first importantmural decoration

,and occupying apartments with M rs . Elliot t’s cousin ,

F . Marion Crawford who had collec ted many death masks, he was fascinated wi th one of Dan te. Two pic tures Of Dante'

in exile were the resul t ;one Of them now hangs in the l i v ing room of Queen Margheri ta of I taly ,the other, in the home of M rs. J. Montgomery S ears of Boston .

A pastel study of Dante th rown into a waste basket and rescued byM rs . Elliot t

,is now better known than ei ther of his paintings, and in

reproduction has gone all o v er the world .

H is great mural paint ing,

“Diana Of the t ides” for the Nat ionalMuseum in Wash ington

,D . C .

,was painted in Rome.

“The v intage,

”

frieze and cei lings in the home of M rs . P ottor Palmer, Chicago, and

“The triumph of t ime,cei ling decorat ion for the ch i ldren’

s room in the

Boston P ubli c L ibrary are his most notable mural decorat ions In

Ameri ca .

Twenty-four pastel drawings made to i llustrate M rs . Anderson’s fairy

tale “The great sea horse” were exh ibi ted in Ameri ca .

Of his portrai t Of Jul ia Ward H owe,i t is said : “The pi c ture is u tterly

simple I t is tender,reveren tial

,a sweet and solemn glorifica

tion Of old age, and of the O ld age Of a d istinguished spiri t .” He saidI was painting the au thor of

“The battle hymn of the republi c .”

M r . E lliot t made the well-known si lver-point portrai t Of the late K ingI l l lnbert wh ich Queen Margheri ta carries wi th her on all her journeys.

(E v erybody’s M .

M r . Elliot t has been honored wi th several decorat ions. (Arts D .

ELWELL, FRANK EDWIN , ( S . ) b . Concord , M ass, June 15 , 1858 . Studied

i ll the Uni ted S tates under Dan iel Chester French,and in Par is at the

Ecole des Beaux Arts and under Jean A lexander Falguiere. H e is a

member of the Inst i tu te of France ; has exh ibi ted in the Paris salon ,

Royal Academy , London ,R oyal Exhibi tion

,Brussels

,Phi ladelph ia A rt

Club and Pennsylvania Academy Of the Fine Arts,P hi ladelph ia.

M r. Elwell enjoys the distinct ion of being the first Ameri can scu lptor who modeled in Ameri ca a statue to be erec ted in Europe.

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96

Served in the U . S . armv during the c i v i l war ; took up mercantile pursu i ts in 1865 ; went to Europe in 1872 and studied art with Schleichand L ier

,Mun i ch

,and spec ial figure painting wi th Bonnat and Daubigny,

P aris ; later took up landscape under the advice of the lat ter . Returnedto Bos ton ,

1874 . H as won several si lver and gold medals in Ameri ca.

H e excels in depi ct ing New England landscapes and among his bestworks may be ment ioned

Summer twi ligh t “Calf in the l ane

“Cloudy day in summer’

T he clam -digger”

I nd ian summer” The brook”

November twiligh t " Sheep and lambsDecember thaw”

H is earlier bu t much admired works are

“M oonligh t on the Giudecca” Farm yard scene i l l France“Veni ce”

T he O bersee”( considered by

“Fresh ly picked some to be his best )

M r . Enneking is a colorist,bu t not a riotous colorist . H e does not

startle,he satisfies H e is acknowledged to have created , ar

tistically speaking, the

“November twi ligh t .”

H e is one Of the most indiv idual Of Ameri can painters, and withal oneof the most developed and rounded of personali ties . (Brush P . 10

'

Frederi ck W . Coburn says : “

H is ideal is the p i c ture that shall be theperfec t expression, not of a local i ty

,bu t of a though t .

EVAN S,RuDU LrH

, ( S . ) b . Wash ington,D . C . A pupil of Falguiere

and P uech in P aris ; is a member of the Ameri can Art ists Assoc iation of

Paris.

.M r . Evan ’s work is more widely known abroad than at home. The

French governmen t has honored h im by purchasing a repl i ca of h is

“Golden hour” for the Luxembourg . The original figure— exh ibi ted at

the P aris salon,was cast in bronze to adorn the garden of M r . F . A .

Vanderlip at S carborough,N . Y . The figure has been repeated again

in marble for the Metropol i tan M useum of New York .

“I t has the repose Of the Greek ideal, yet speaks of modern i ty

The figure is modeled with deep appreciat ion Of subtlety in curve and

texture, and one feels by the eye alone the softness of flesh and the

strength of construction . But above all th is shines the glowing hear tof young womanhood .

“The art of Rudulph Evans is one full Of poetry,

especially in portrai t

97

ure. P arti cu larly does he feel the deli cate atmosphere of aloofness sur

round ing chi ldhood,

and th is he imparts to the portrai ts.

”( Int.

studio 55 :1xxxiv . )

Two charming busts of ch i ldren are

Granddaugh ter of James S ti llman.

Granddaugh ter of Thomas F . Ryan .

EZEK IEL,M osns JACOB

, ( S . ) b . R i chmond,Va .

,O ct. 28 1844. Gradu

ated at the Virginia Mil i tary Insti tu te in 1866 ; studied anatomy at the

M ed ical college of Virginia . In 1869 -he went to Europe,entering the

Royal Academy Of A rt in Berl in and remaining there unti l 1871,work

ing later in the studio of Prof . A lbert Wolf .I n 1872 he was admi tted into the Soc iety Of Art ists

,Berl in

,on the

mer i ts of a colossal bust Of “Wash ington,

”and in 1873 Wi th his

“ Israel” he gained the ‘

M ichaelbeer pr i ze,a stipendium for two years

study and T esidence in I taly . H e was the first foreigner to win th isprize.

The Emperor of Germany and the Grand Duke of Saxe-M einingen haveconferred upon h im the cavalier croses for meri t in art and science ;the King Of Italy bestowed on h im the cross of an “Offi cer of the Crownof I taly”

; he has won the gold medal Of the Royal Association in Palermo

,the Raphael medal at Urbino, and is a member of the S oc ieties Of

Artists in Berl in and Rome,and of theAcademy Of Raphael in Urbino.

S ince 1874 he has resided in Rome, where his studio i tself is a notableplace.

M r. Ezekiel ’s first important work , a marble group representing “Re

ligious L iberty” is now in Fairmount Park , Philadelph ia. H is

“Thomas

Jefferson” is in Lou l svfl le, Ky.

,and a series of eleven statues of famous

art ists,in Carrara marble, decorate the Corcoran Gallery of A rt

, Washington, D . C .

The development of patrioti c themes is a special ty of th is sculptor .

I t is probable that in sounding th is greatest and best chord of human

nature,patriotism

,S ir M oses Ezekiel touches and holds his highest

level .” (World ’s Work ,

H e has made many bu sts‘

of beau tifu l women~scattered throughou t

Europe and Ameri ca, bu t none really so perfec t as that of the Dowager

Queen of I taly . H is“Napoleon” is a no table work . The late F . Marion

Crawford called i t the h istory Of Napoleon,and Cesareo , the S ici lian

poet and art cri t i c,w ri tes of i t :

“Rarely or never has the tragedy of

Napoleon been signified with more severe sorrow , wi th such intensetruth

,wi th more hero i c grief. than i ll the sculpture of Ezekiel .

L isz t,who has a personal acquaintance w ith all the best artists of

98

Rome,selec ted Ezekiel to make his portrait-bust for the Academy of

M usi c at P esth . Cardinal H ohenlohe, an intimate friend Of Lisz t,also

an au thor i ty on art,after having viewed the work criti cally

,turned to

it again on leaving the room,and said

,

“Ad ieu,Liszt " I thus hand thee

down to posteri ty .

”

A n I talian publication ,

“P ubli ca Opinione,

” closes a critical review of

Mr . Ezekiel’s works w ith these words : “W e conclude this brief notice byexpressing our adm irat ion of the great American sculptor in whom we

feel I talian pride becau se h is genius was cu ltured beneath our sky, and

was inspired by our great men to become more great .”

FA IRBANK S,AVARD

, ( S . ) b . Sal t Lake,U tah . A S a ch ild he camped in

the mountains with his father and brother and came to know mu chabou t wild animals . H e was also much impressed wi th the stories Ofpioneer . experiences with Indians . H e first modeled in clay his pet

rabbi t , and when fourteen years Of age his “Indian scout ”and

“Ponyexpress” won for h im the t i tle

,

“B oy wonder in sculpture.

Crowds gathered around h im i l l the Zoologi cal Park , New York Ci ty ,as he placed his modeling stand against the cages to study and modelthe animals. Before he was fifteen he won two scholarsh ips at the ArtS tudents’

League ; the first for his “Fighting pumas,

”and the second

for h is“S tudy Of figh ting panthers.

” The commi ttee agreed that hisdrawing was crude and his composi tion defective

,bu t the action repro

duced in an imals was so lifelike that the prizes were bestowed uponhim . At sixteen his abili ty as a scu lptor was recogni zed by expertcri tics ; and at nineteen he was the sensat ion of artistic Paris as he

studied and worked at the art schools there.

O f his“P ony express”

an en thusiastic criti c writes : “So l ifelike wasthe figure that one cou ld readily hear in imaginat ion the clat ter of the

pony ’s hoof as he leaped in swift bounds along the rocky t rail that skirt

ed the base Of the mountains .

”

(Technical world 22

FARNY,H ENRY

, ( P . ) a nati ve of A lsace,was born in R ibeauville in

1847 . H is family came to th is country in 1853,and later took up their

home in C incinnat i where“

his father died in 1865 .

H is first efforts in art were decorations on water coolers. Afterwardsbecame designer for l i thograph s

,one of his widely known productions of

that perl od being a cari cature Of the escape of Jefferson Davis .

I n 1867 he went to New York and entered the employ of H arper andBrothers ; later worked his passage to Europe in a sai ling vessel . I n

Rome he met R egnault,who engaged him to make the sketches wh ich

appeared in Francis Wey ’s elaborate work on Rome.

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100

FENN,HARRY

, ( P .

,I .

,E . ) b . R i chmond , England , September 14, 1845 ;

d . Mon tclair, N . Y .

,Apri l 21

,191 1 . At the age of n ineteen he came to

Ameri ca,ostensibly to see N iagara Falls . Heremained in th is country

for six years and then wen t to I taly to study . Shortly after his returnto the Un i ted States he illustrated his first book

,W hittier’

s“Snow

bound,

” which was soon followed by the“Ballads Of N ew England .

”

These were the first i llustrated gift books produ ced in th is country and

marked an era in the h istory of bookmaking . I n 1870 he made an ex

tended tour of the Un i ted S tates to gather material for “PicturesqueAmeri ca.

”

H e was one of the founders of the Ameri can Water Color Society,a

member Of ‘

the New York .Water Color Club,the Society of I llustrators

and the Salmagundi Club . (Ameri can A rt Annual,Vol .

F I SHER,H ARR I SON

, ( I . ) b . Brooklyn,N . Y .

,July 27

,1875 . H e mani

fested artist i c incl inat ions at the age of S ix and was early

'

instructed in

drawing and paint ing by h is father who was an artist . H is family re

mo v ed to S an Francisco and he studied at the Mark Hopkins Insti tu teof A rt . At sixteen he d id drawing for a San Francisco newspaper . T W O

sketches accepted by the edi tor of“Pu ck”

secured h im a stafi posi tion .

Later he did serial work for the“Saturday Evening Post

,

”and went

abroad for material to furnish the pi c tor ial part of some art icles forM cC lure’

s magazine. H e has illustrated for “L i fe,

” “Ladies’ Home Journal

,

” Scribner’s,etc.

p

The creator of the“F isher girl” i t has been estimated has turned out

of hand more than a thousand studies Of the Ameri can girl .

“ In a personal way he reflec ts a boyish sinceri ty wi th a ph ilosoph ic regard to essent ials .

”( Bookman,

F I SHER, (W ILL I A M ) MARK , (P . ) b . in Boston of English and Irish par

ents ; educated in the publi c schools ; studied art at Lowell Insti tu te,later was a pupil of George Inness at M edfield . At twenty went toParis and studied in Gleyre

’s atel ier ; set tled in Boston, bu t had small

success ; went to England to li ve where he now is well known as landscape and an imal painter

,exh ibi ting at the R oyal Academy and else

where. H e is very h ighly regarded in England and his works are in the

finest publ i c and pr i vate collec tions .

Best known paint ings are

“The meadows’ A scotch h illsideO n the Cam” Early summer”

Noon” Even ing”

A canal jump on the O ise

01

George Moore i ll “Modern painting”says : “Mark Fisher’

s painting isoptimisti c . H is skies are blue

,h is sunl igh t dozes in the orchard , h is

chestnu t trees are in bloom . The melodrama of nature never appears inhis pi c tures ; his lanes and fields reflec t a gentle mind that has foundhappiness in observing the changes of the seasons.

”

I n January,191 1

,M r . Fisher was elec ted assoc iate member of the

Royal Academy,London .

FLAGG,JAME S MONTGOMERY

, (L .

,P . ) b . P elhanl Manor

,VVestchester Co . ,

N . Y .

,June 18 , 1877 . Educated in New York publ i c schools, Dr . Chapin’

s

pri vate school ; studied at A rt S tudents League,New York

,four years

in H erkomer’s A rt S chool

,Bushey

,England

,and also under Victor

Maree in P aris . Became i llustrator for S t . N i cholas magaz ine, 1890;has been drawing for “Judge”

and“L ife” S ince 1892 ; illustrator for the

various magaz ines. P ain ted portrai ts in P aris,1900; also in S t. Louis

and New York . Exh ibi ted portrai ts i ll the Paris salon Of 1900; also

portrai ts i ll O i l and water color i ll'

National Academy Of Design and

New York Water Color C lub . Life member Of the Lotus C lub .

FOOTE,W ILL HOWE

, (P . ) b . Grand Rapids,Mich igan

, June 29 , 1874 .

Pupi l Of the A rt Insti tu te,Ch icago

,A rt Students’ League of New York ,

Jul ien Academy under Laurens and Benjamin-Constant in Paris . R e

ceived honorable mention at the P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion,Buffalo

,1901

,

th ird H al lgarten pr i ze Nat ional Academy of Design,1902

,bronze medal

at S t . Lou is Exposi tion,1904 . Member P aris Ameri can Art Associat ion .

Instru c tor at A rt Students’ League of New York .

FORBE S,EDW IN

, (P . E . ) b . N ew York,1839 ; d . Brooklyn

,N . Y .

,March

6,1895 . Began the study

p

of A rt in 1857 and two years later becamepupil of A . F . Tai t . At first devoted h imself to animal paint ing ; afterwards gave more at tent ion to genre and landscape. During the c ivi lwar he was a special art ist of Frank Lesl ie’

s I llustrated newspaper, andh is studies of batt le scenes were done i ll etch ings

,he being the fi rst

etcher in Ameri ca . These etch ings cal led “Li fe stud ies of the greatarmy” have a value as a record Of mi li tary li fe during the ci vi l war .

General Sherman bough t the firs t proofs of these sketches for the l'

.

S . government , and thev are now in the war department , lVash ing to n .

The most noted are

“The reliable contraband"

Coming th rough the linesThe sanc tuary”

'

A n igh t march '

Returning from picket duty The reveille”

102

In New York i ll 1865 he produced “Lull i ll the figh t . ” This pi cturecontains th irty figures and represen ts a scene in the bat tle Of the wi lderness.

I n 1878 he establ ished a studio in Brook lyn,N . Y .

,and devoted h im

self mainly to landscape and cat tl e pieces .

H onorarv member London E tch ing Club .

FOSTER,B EN

,b . North Anson

,M aine

,July 31

,1852 . When eigh t

een years of age he went to New York where he was employed in mercant ile business unt il he was abou t th i rty when he decided to devote himself to art.

S tudied wi th Abbot t Thayer and at the A rt S tudents’ League of New

York . Wen t to Paris i ll 1886 and cont inued his stud ies under O livierMerson and Aime M orot ; exh ibi ted i ll the Paris salon ; returned to NewYork i ll 1887 regularly represented at the exhibi tions . Associate mem

ber National Academy Of Design,1901 ; fu ll member, 1904.

M r. Foster has given much at tent ion to the painting of landscapesand sheep ; his favori te subjects are n igh t effec ts and woodland scenes .

H is compositions are marked by a large feel ing of uni ty .

“H e treats a

morsel Of landscape,bu t as a par t of the big mysterious scheme of

th ings . (The art ist 29 :xx . )

Among his most important works in O il are

“A dreary road Fon tainebleau forestA Maine h illside First days in spring”

A ll in a misty moonsh ine A windy n igh t”

The even ing star” “Now the day is overA wet day in the pines Sunset i ll the L itchfield H ills

'

In the Green Mountains

Also in water colors“The day is done”

The laggard”

'

T he Shepherd

H is painting “Lu lled by the mu rmu ring stream exh ibi ted at the

Pari s Exposi tion 1900,was purchased by the French governmen t for the

Luxembourg G allery .

I l l au tumn of 1 900 he was awarded the S ilver medal and the at

the Carnegie Insti tu te,Pi ttsburgh

,for

“M isty moonligh t ,” and in the

spring 1901 at the exh ibi tion Of the Society of Ameri can Art ists,he was

awarded the Webb prize for the most meri torious landscape painted byan Ameri can .

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104

Fowler 1s also a teacher and the author of several works on art,among

them being “P ortrai t and figure painting .

”

FRASER,JAME S EARLE

, ( S . ) b . Winona,Minn .

,November 4

,1876. When

eighteen years of age he entered the A rt Insti tu te at Chicago and six

months later went to Paris to enter the Ecole des Beaux Arts .

“H is

work in the salon exh ibi t of 1 897-98 not only won the prize offered toAmeri can artists bu t so impressed Saint-Gaudens who was a member ofthe commi ttee of awards that he wrote to the young sculp tor . The re

sult was that Fraser went to S aint-Gaudens,returned to the Uni ted

S tates wi th h im in 1900 and worked wi th h im un til 1902 when he estab ‘

lished himself in New York . At present he has the dist inct ion of beingthe Oldest residen t in the art ists colony in Macdougal A lley

,and he is

an instruc tor at the A rt Studen t ’s League. M r . Fraser is,perhaps

,the

first among the su ccessfu l pupi ls of the late Augustus Saint -Gaudens .

H elen Christine Bennet t wri tes (Arts D .

“The relief of theWhi tney ch ildren upon their horses is par ti cularly at tract iveThe bust of Cornel ius V . Whitney is tha t of a very handsome boy to

whom the scu lptor has done justi ce . The head of June Evans,especially

in profile, Shows great del i cacy In handling and a certain subduedpiquancy of expression which indi cates a depth of treatment not Shownin the other two.

”

A rel ief of Horatio Hathaway Brewster was the first relief portrai tdOne by Mr . Fraser which caugh t the popular fancy . A bust of Col .

Roosevelt Shows not only skilfu l bu t powerful treatment . A ll impression of Mary Garden as

“M elisande”reveals a poet i c S ide of the work of

the sculp tor.

“End of the trai l” was one Of the most popular works on

the grounds of the Panama-Pacific Exposi t ion,1915 .

FRENCH,DAN IEL CHE STER

, ( S . ) b . Exeter,N . H .

,April 20

,1850. W as

educated in his native town and at Cambridge,Amherst and Boston,

M ass . At the age of eigh teen he began to model and his efforts met withencouragement from Louisa M . A lcott who suggested that he seek systemati c instruction . H is first subjec ts were an imals

,portrai t rel iefs and

busts of friends. H e at tended Dr . R immer’s lec tures on artist i c anatomy

and studied theant ique scu lptures in the Boston Athenaeum . I S hon

orary president of the National S culpture Soc iety .

M r . French received his commission for the“Concord Minu te-mall

when he was twenty-three years of age. This was fin ished i ll 1874 and

he then went abroad for the first time. H e studied two years in Florence with the Ameri can sculptor Thomas Ball . I n 1886 he again wen tabroad

,this time to P aris where he drew from the models i ll the class o f

105

M . Léon G lai ze. S ince h is retu rn to the Uni ted States in 1887 he has

permanently resided in New York . Recei ved honorable A . M .

,Dar t

mou th,1898 . Associate member Nat ional Academy of Design

,1900 :

full member,1901 .

Busts of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Bronson Alcott,a frieze repre

sent ing Greeks,carrying ofierings and several portrai ts in the round ,

low and h igh rel iefs are his early works .

I n collaboration with Mr . Edward Clark Pot ter, Mr . French has produced three equestrian statues of h igh value.

“Washington” presentedto France by the Daugh ters of the R evolution

,placed in the P lace

d’Lena

,Paris

,

“General Gran t’ in Fairmount P ark,Philadelph ia

,and

General Joseph Hooker” in Boston .

M r . French ’s monumental arch i tec tural rel iefs are dist ingu ished spec i

mens of th is new phase of art.

“Death and the scu lptor”— the M ilmore

memorial— won h im a medal in the Paris salon of 1891 . The John BoyleO ’Reilly memorial, Boston, is a work of rare strength and beau ty . I n

the“A li ce Freeman Palmer memor ial

,

” Wellesley College,execu ted in

Carrara marble,the technical details have been rarely wrough t . The

“Gallaudet group”at Wash ington

,D . C .

,is one of his most pleasing

portrai t monuments . H is imposing “Alma mater” now adorns the ap

proach of the L ibrary of Columbia Universi ty,New York

,and he fur

nished two monumental groups for the Cleveland , Oh io, federal bu ilding .

O ther important creations are : A . R . M eyer monument, Kansas CityFranc is Parkman monument

,Boston ; Melv in memorial monument, Con

cord , Mass. Hunt memorial,New York ; Marshall Field memorial, Chi

cago ; statues of General Cass, John H arvard and Rufus Choate and Gov

ernor Oglethorpe of Georgia ; bust of Phil lips Brooks, the well-remembered “Statue of the R epublic” at the Columbian Exposi t ion, -1893, andthe bronze doors of the Boston Publ i c L ibrary . M r . French was theunanimous choi ce Of the L incoln memorial commit tee to design the

bronze statue of Abraham Lincoln to be placed in the L incoln Memorialbui lding in Wash ington

,D . C . Low relief work is one of the final tests

of a scu lptor’s skill

,and here Mr . French has Shown his ski ll to be qu i te

equal to his refined taste.

Since the death of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Daniel Chester Frenchs tands at the head of modern Ameri can sculpture.

FR I E SE K E,FREDER I C CARL

, ( P .

,Mural P . ) b . O wosso

,M i ch .

,Apri l 7 ,

1874 . Stud ied at Ch icago A rt Inst i tu te and i l l P aris under BenjaminConstan t

,Laurens and Whistler . Exh ibi ts in Eu rope and Ameri ca . I l l

1904 one of h is pi c tures,

“Before the glass”was purchased by the

French government for the Luxembourg Gallery . H e is also represented

106

in the M odern Gallery in Vienna ; is the possessor of a gold medal fromMuni ch and won a pri ze from the Corcoran Gallery of A rt

,Wash ington ,

D . C . At the P anama-P acific Exposi t ion 1915 , was awarded the .grandprize for oil paint ing . I n 1908 he was elec ted societarie of the So

c iete Nationale des Beaux Arts,P aris

,since whi ch time h is works are

accepted by the salon withou t the inspec t ion of a jury . I n 1912 he was

elec ted an assoc iate member Of the Nat ional Academy of New YorkCi ty

,fu ll member

,19 14.

Among M r . Frieseke’

s figure subjec ts his decorat ive canvas “You thillustrates the firmness of h is modeling , and

“The Ch inese parasol” and

“The girl with bird cage”are also typical examples of his work .

O ther popu lar paintings are

“The green sash”Repose at noonday ’

M isty morn” Among the hol lyhocksLady on a gold couch Autumn”

Breakfast in the garden “The toilet

The yellow roomA '

One strong feature, more pleasing ill the work of Frieseke than in

that of many other members of the American colony in Paris, is his

sense of design and balance.

”

( I nt. studio 43B ri ll ian t sunsh ine has been his part i cular study for several years . H e

del igh ts in rendering effec ts of sunligh t upon green foliage.

Clara M acC llesney in wr i t ing of the work of th is art ist, says : “The

charm of Frieseke is in the ligh t and color of his canvas .

“

H is color ispurer and h igher i ll key bu t lacks the mystery of Aman-Jean

’s. H is

pic tures are more crowded as to composi t ion, bu t decorative in designlike B lanche’

s . Brill iant garden scenes,palpi tat ing wi th ligh t and color ,

landscapes,interiors represent ing int imate scenes of the toi let or - pi c

tures of nude women,and mu ral decorations form his ch ief l ine of

work H e knows noth ing abou t flowers and cares less, nor doeshe make a careful study of them nor of different kinds of gardens, bu t hisone i dea is to portray the dazzle of l igh t and of color of flowers seen i ll

sunl igh t . ”

Among M r . Frieseke’s later works are

“Afternoon tea,

”recently Shown at the Anglo-Ameri can exh ibi t ion

i ll London ;“At the seashore

, ( painted i ll the bri ll iant sunsh ine of

C orsi ca ) , one of the fascinat ing exhibi ts in the Salon of 1913 ;“Sum

mer,

”a mar v el of execu tion ( a recl ining figure i l l a blaze of sunligh t )

“A girl sewing,

”an interior subjec t .

A S a mural decorator he is best known for his large decorations at

John VVanamaker

’s store in New York . Of his decorations in Hotel

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108

I ll his execu tion,he relies mainly upon sketches of whi te paper and

an equal distr ibu tion of parallel -t int and cross-hatch Shading .

”

“H ow wonderful i t is that week in and week out

,drawing a hundred

landscapes to Ruysdael’s one

,a hundred tramps to Callot ’s and O stade

’s

one, he is able to suggest so v i v idly the efiect of sunligh t upon distantmeadow,

and the homely poses of what, _were America the old world ,

wou ld be called the peasan t class . (Knaufft . )No one

' else drawing animals realist i cally can make them so trulyfunny . ( I nd .

FRY,JOHN H ENN ING

, (P . ) b . Indiana. Studied wi th B ougereau and

Lefebvre i ll Paris ; also studied i ll Rome.

H is work is l i t tle known in th is country bu t a recent exh ibi t ion of

his paintings was held in New York .

M r . Fry has been called a modern i zer of the Greek ideal . H is subjec tsare the legends of the classi cs.

“H e paints his women heroi cally and with a plasti c sense that is rare.

Though avoid ing a h igh -keyed palet te,Fry is a strong color ist , ob ’

taining strong dramat i c effects by S imple untrained methods.

”( I nt.

studio 58 :xi . )

Representati v e works are

“The eternal drift S eafoamThet is”

O ceani tesDryad P aolo and Francesca

FR Y,S HER i r EDMUNDSON ( S b . Creston, I a .

,September 29, 1879 . A

pupi l of the A rt Insti tu te,Chicago

,under Taft ; also studied wi th M ac

M onnies in P aris . A ll assoc iate member of the National Academy, 1914,and the Nat ional Sculpture S ociety .

M r . Fry recei ved honorable ment ion at the P aris salon,1906 ; medal,

salon of 1908 ; scholarsh ip Ameri can Academy at Rome,1908-1 1 .

B est known works“Indian ch ief

,

” Oskaloosa,I a .

Au soliel” fountain,Toledo museum of art.

T urtle” foun tain,Mount K isco

,N . Y .

“Vic tory compelling peace memorial foun tain to the late Major C larence F . Barret t .

“H is art is v ery complete For sheer -beau ty of form his Scu lptu reswould be d ifficul t to surpass . ( Cen t . 90A ll the sculpture on Fest ival H all, P anama-P acific Exposi tion 1915 ,

109

was made by M r . Fry . The“B oy P all

' was the most popular statue of

the many figures symboliz ing the moods of musi c .

M r . Fry first became famous for h is studies of wes tern Indians.

FULLER,GEORGE

, (P . ) b . Deerfield,Mass

, January 16, 1822 ; (1. Boston ,

Mass,March 2 1

,1884. S tudied in New York

,Boston

,London and on

the cont inent of Europe. H e was made associate of the National Academy of Design, New York , in 1853, bu t his paint ing was unremunerat iveand on the death of his father he took up farming . After fifteen yearsof farm l ife

,he went to Boston and found purchasers for his paintings,

meet ing wi th su ccess as a professional art ist .“The berry pi ckers” placed h im among the first painters of the world

and to his“Romany girl” he owes his greatest renown . Among his best

works are :“Winifred Dysart

,

” “Turkey pasture”and

“She was a witch .

”

A memorial exh ibi tion of his works at the Museum of Fine Arts,B os

ton,1884

,comprised 175 paintings

,of which the following are best

known :“Cupid'

Romal ly girlT he quadroonNydia”

'

Turkey pasture”

Pasture wi th geese“Fedalma”

E vell ing—Lorette

A t the bars”

H annah”

“P syche”

'

Berry pi ckers

H e was preeminently an idealist,possessed of a genius for dreamy

ligh t eff ec ts,somewhat ak in to Corot

’s .

”

(Nat. Cyc . Am . Biog . )“The soul of his art was selec t ion H e bel ieved the province of art

is to call at ten tion to the beau ties of nature,not to insis t upon the de

feets,the deformi ties and the vu lgari t ies of man or nature

H e never painted a bru tal head . I f he saw bru tali ty he did no t l ike i tand wou ld not represen t it. (F . D . Millet

,H arper ’

s 69

FULLER,LUC IA FA I RC I I I LD

, (M rs . H enry B . Fu ller ) , (Mi l l . P . ) b . B os

ton,Mass .

,December 6

,1872 . Recei v ed bronze medal at the P aris Ex

posi t ion, )

1900; si lver medal at P all -Ameri can E xpos i t ion . Bu ffalo , 1901 .

I S member of the S oc iety of Ameri can Artists . lVaS elec ted associatemember of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New York, 1906.

P uri tan boyFago t gatheringArethusaNegro nurse wi th ch i ld :

“S hearing the donkey”

Maidenhood”

“Dri ving home the cal f‘

P risc i lla”

“Twi ligh t on prai rie“Girl and calf”

and portrai t of Henry B . Fu ller.

1 10

M rs . Fu ller stands S ide by side with M iss Lau ra Coombs Hills inmethod and i ll nature of resu lts .

“W’ i th her women and wi th her ch il

dren She swings lll lO play all the tenderness of drawing and all the

fascination “

of transparent flesh tones .

”

( Cri ti c 47“H er portrai ts relate to the olden times when the -art flourished under

the masters who created i t and her technique is above reproach .

”

H er“Mother and ch i lt from a background of blue brocade

,beau tified

by age into faded pu rple recalls the feel ing that touches the hearti ll Della R obbia.

’s bab ies . ( Cent .

“ M rs . Ful ler ’

s ach ievements are ach ievements and her “Portrai t of a

boy” is splendid ly painted

,

“soft and ri ch i ll color and of a Simpli c i ty

equal to the drawings by Bou tet de M on v el,wi thal of greater depth .

(Gardner C . Teall,B ru sh P .

S uccessfu l imaginati ve figure composi tions are

I ll the days of King A rthu r '

The Ch inese jacket”

H er“A r tem idora at the 12th annual exhibi tion of the Ameri can S O

ciety of M ural P ainters,shows a full appreciation of the beau ty and

puri ty of the material on wh i ch the miniaturist works . A li ce T . S earle

says : “ I ll th is nude,s tudy of a woman ’

s figure of classi c beau ty i l l an

unusual pose,the deli cacy and sensi t i v eness of l ine i ll the drawing was

suggest i v e of an etch ing wi th a sligh t staining of color over the whole .

”

M rs . Fu ller charm s and deligh ts the lover of miniature.

GARBER,DAN IEL

, ( P . ) P upi l of Cincinnat i A rt Academy under -V .

Nowottny, and Pennsyl v ania Academy of the Fine Arts under Anschu tz .

W on the Cresson scholarship P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts1905

,first H allgarten pri ze Nat ional Academy of Design

,1909 ; also

.

the

P ot ter P almer gold medal carrying wi th i t the sum of at a recentexh ibi t ion . A member of National Academy of Design ,

1913.

O f his“Tower ing trees,

”a wri ter for A rt and P rogress says

'

I t is an unusual composi t ion, decorati ve in effec t,Showing a screen of

lofty blue-green pepper trees on the marshy Shore of a stream,beyond

wh ich one catches a glimpse of a distant landscape and bi ts of enchanting sky.

”

GAUL,VVI LL I AM G ILBERT, (P .

,I . b . Jersey Ci ty

,N . J.

,March 31

,1855 .

Educated in the local schools of Newark and at Claverack Mil i tary Academy.

Began the study of art in N ew York Ci ty wi th J. G . Brown, and

is one of our best known illustrators.

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1-12

Through largewindows hung wi th thin curtains, the brigh t dayl igh tfalls into the clean rooms of peasants gleaming on the boards of the

floor,the tops of the tables and the whi te caps of the women who S i t at

their work sewing . I t is a famil iar problem of l igh t . (M iither . )

GEN T H ,LILL IAN MAT ILDE

, (P . ) b . 1876. Graduate of the School Of Design

,Philadelph ia

,P a .

,in 1900

, ( fellowship to Paris ) ; studied underWhistler and at Atel ier Colarossi . W on M ary Smi th prize, P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1904 ; S haw pri ze, National Academy ,1907 gold medal Ameri can A rt Society, Ph iladelph ia, 1907 won Hallgarten pri ze on

“Depth of the woods .

” Assoc iate member of Nat ionalAcademy of Design

,1908 .

“Birdsong” has been purchased by the Carnegie Insti tu te for the permanent exh ibi t . “

The lark” capably execu ted and of excellen t colorwon the Shaw memorial pri ze.

“Golden days” is one of her most characteristic paint ings .

“Spiri t of the earth”and

“Sunmaiden”are also well

known,and “The promenade” is at trac t i ve.

“A June afternoon”— one of

her latest~ —is an analyti cal refinemen t of sunsh ine.

“Mother and ch ild” is singularly tender and beau tiful and paintedfearlessly . I t is wonderful to th ink that at last we may enjoy in art

as well as in life the impression of kind,generous

,

“beau t iful motherhood wi thou t the Puri tan streak of horror at facing the real beauty of

the though t .” ( Craftsman 24

M iss Genth makes a specialty of nude female figures,

symbolicalnymphs i ll sunsh ine and shadow .

G I BSON,CHARLE S DANA

, ( I .

,P b .

i

R oxbury, Mass ,September 14,

1867 . Began his studies at the A rt S tudents’ League of New York at the

age of seventeen and continued in that inst i tu tion during 1883 and 1884.

I n 1886 he made his debu t as an art ist for the per iodicals, his first drawing accepted being “

The moon and I” which appeared in “Life.

” Threeyears later he gave up work and wen t to P aris where in 1889 he was

enrolled as a student in the Academie Julien . After th is period Of studyhe resumed work as an illustrator ; has a studio in New York .

In 1893 he went to Paris,in 1895 to London and in 1898 to Mun i ch

acqu iring material for pi ctures subsequently publ ished .

M r . Gibson is doubtless to be regarded as one of the foremost of mod

ern illustrators . H is technique is admirable. H e works in three media-

pen, chalk and brush . H is versatil i ty,however

,is that of ideas and

not of types . Few artists have acqu ired equal repu tation with as few

distinct characters. H is Ameri can girls are one Ameri can girl— his

1 13

favori te, and for a certain c lass o f pic tu res almost his sole femalemodel .” (Brush P .

The d rawings of Gibson have been chara cterized as genteel pic torialcomedy

,and probably no happier nor truer phase could be devised to

describe them .

G IE S,JOSEPH W .

, (P . ) b . Detroi t,Michigan . P upil of Bouguereau

and R obert-Fleury in Par is ; Royal Academy in Mun ich . Member S ocietyWestern Artists .

“Lady in pink”and portrai t Of Robert H opk ill are

i ll the Detroi t Museum of A rt.

G I FFORD,ROBERT SWAIN

, ( P .

,E . ) b . Naushon I sland

,Mass

,Decem

ber 23,1840; (1. N ew York

,January 15

,1905 . Educated i ll the publ i c

schools of New Bedford,M ass ; studied painting under A lbert VanB eest,

Rot terdam,H olland ; sett led in New York i ll 1866 ; made Sketch ing tours

th rough Cali forn ia and O regon i ll 1869,i ll Europe and North Afri ca ill

1870-71,and again i l l 1874-75 i ll Bri t tany and other parts Of France.

lVas elec ted associate member of the National Academy of I‘

) esig ll , New

York in 1867 ; full member i ll 1878 . Member of the Soc iety of P ainterE tchers

,London .

M r . Gifford ’s range of landscape is unusually wide ; he has painted

the heigh ts of the S ierras,the plains of Bri t tany and coast of New E ng

land,as well as Eastern scenes . H e is best known through h is Eastern

pi c tures i ll which his rendering of O riental li fe and atmosphere is pe

culiarly happy .

I n 1867 he sent three marine paint ings tol

the National Academy ex

hibition,— “S cene at Long Beach

,

” “C liff scene,Grand Menan

,

” “Vineyard S ound ligh t sh ip

,

”and on their meri ts was elected associate mem

ber Of the inst i tu te.

Oriental paint ings

“A n Egyptian caravanFountain near Cairo”

On the N ile”

View of the Golden Horn

Even ing on the N ileRock of Gibral tar”

H is au tumn landscapes or sket ches of shore are ri ch i l l harmonies of

tone. Of his “Woodland pastures,” M r . Gi fford wri tes : “The subjec t is

from nature,sketched near my place at Nonquit I ha v e painted

many of my best pic tures i l l th is locali ty .

15

"

H alt in the desert :“Entrance to a Moorish house i llTangiers”

T he palm s of BiskraS cene in the Great S quare o f the

Rumeyleh , Cai ro, Egypt”

1 14

The glell' is an excellen t example of his style. H is “Near the coast

won the pri ze of the Ameri can A rt Association in 1885 .

“W e have stood spell-bbund before his d rif ting O ctober clouds,and

the wide expanses of his cold and cheerless Skies W e havewondered how a man cou ld bring before us such a d reary scene and yet

force us to bow before it. (N ew E ng . M .

M r . Gifiord was one of the best of Ameri can etchers and h is plates’

have been praised by the most competent cri ti cs. O f his “Evening”

S . R . Koehler, i ll h is work on“E tch ing

,

”says : “ I n my humble Opinion ,

i t is abou t the completest b i t of Ameri can landscape etch ing yet ac

compl ished wi thou t loss of freedom or bread th .

”

GLACKEN S,W ILL I A M J.

, ( P .

,I . ) P hi ladelphia

, Pa .

,M arch 13

,1870.

Received early t °

aini lrg i ll P ennsy lvania Academy and stud ied scenes andtypes several years i ll Europe ; exh ibi ted at the Paris salon

,1896 ; Paris

E xposition,1900. M cC lure

'

s sent ll l l l l to Cuba during war with S pain .

H e has recei ved medals and honorab le ment ion at the exh ibi tions of

val ious art societies in th is country ; was elec ted assoc iate member of

the National Academy of Design,1906 .

A revolutionis t i ll art,he is from all Ameri can standpoint the first

of i llustrators . T he art editor of S cr ibner '

s has made his work a featureof that magaz ine’

s pages .

“

H is work is d istinc t and dec ided ly rad i cal i ll its purport and incept ion . H e may not please the g eneral publ ic , bu t has won the unst intedappreciation of his confreres i ll art

,and of those who value original i ty

and forcefu l though t . ” (E k ll l .

“ Glacken ’s paintings are in v ariably interesting for

kthe art ist is pos

sessed of an exceed ingly fresh and engaging point of v iew . And yet wi thall its originali ty the art of Glackens is closely linked wi th that of Degasand M anet .

“Glackens

'

possesses mu ch knowledge of the techn ique of painting inoi ls —that most difficu lt of all media ; his composi t ion and his paletteare very amu sing . H is drawings fairly reek wi th charac ter and his

wonderful ly expressive line records types in such a tru thful and far

Seeing manner,his penetrat ing gaze sees so

J

far beneath the surface of

th ings,that one can onlymarvel at

“

the simple manner in which he at

tains his ends .

”( Int . studio 40:lxvi i i . )

“I n approach ing the slums he does so purely as an artist M r .

Glackens is a logi cal impression ist— one who could never be anyth ingel se. H e does not see the details at all . H e recei ves simply generalimpressions .

”(B ookm . 34

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1 16

the expression of one’s ideas in form M r . Grafly lost h imself for a

time in an Egyptian ch imera .

GRAYSON,CL I FFORD PROVOST

, (P . ) b . P h iladelphia,P a .

,July 14

,1859 .

Graduated from the Universi ty of P ennsylvan ia i ll 1878 . After studyingat the P ennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts, he wen t to Paris thesame year and studied in the Ecole des Beaux Arts and in the Atel ierGerome. Then he wen t to P on t Aven and Co

'

ncarneau where some of his

most successful pi c tures were painted . Subsequently he opened a studioin Paris

,and became a regu lar contribu tor to the salon .

H is first pain ting shown in the salon of 1882 was “A Breton idylx

This was followed by “Going to market . ” I n 1883 h is“R ainy day at

Pont Aven” was hung in a most prominen t place on the l ine and recei vedfavorable commen t . “Ahoy

,

”was exhibi ted i ll the salon of 1884

,and

“Fisherman ’s fam ily

,

” 1885 .

'

Midday dream s”won pri ze in 1886

at an art exh ibi tion in New York .

M r . Grayson returned from Europe i ll 1891 to become d irec tor Of theart department of Drexel Ins ti tu te. l l l h is work he reminds one of JulesBreton .

GREAT OREx,EL IZA

, ( E . ) b . Manor-Hamilton,Ireland ; (1. Paris

,France,

1897 . 1 11 1840 she came to New York w i th her family , and i ll 1849 mar

ried H enry W . Greatorex , a well-known musi c ian and organ ist . Beingearly lef t a widow with th ree ch i ldren she made art her profession and

went to Par is where she stud ied under Lambinet for a year and later at

the P i llakothek , Mun i ch . After th is period of study sheretu rned to NewYork and i l l 1869 she was elected an assoc iate member of the NationalAcademy of Design

,N ew York— nu honor which at that t ime only one

other woman,M rs . Bogardus

,shared wi th her ; she was th e firs t woman

to be elec ted a member of the Art ists Fund S oc iety of New York .

I t is by her pen-and -ink drawings— a series of pi c tures of old New

York— that she is perhaps most widely known .

In 1873 She determined to take up etch ing and in 1878 settled inP aris and made etch ing her ch ief study . I n the summer of 1880 She

went to the valley of the Chevreuse ( S eine et O ise ) and at Chevreuseand Cernay-la-Vi lle etched direc tly from nature her “Pond at Cernay-leVi lle.

” H er“O ld Dutch church” is most charac terist i c and at trac tive.

The work of M rs. Greatorex is deli cate rather than strong in its incept ion

'

as well as in its execu tion . (Koeh ler ’s

“Ameri can etch ings .

She etched her famous plate “The old Bloomingdale tavern” in 1869 .

GREEN,EL IZABETH S H I P I ’EN

, (M rs . H uger Elliot t ) , ( I . ) Studied at

the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,also w i th Howard Pyle ;

1 17

gu ided and encouraged in her ch ildhood by her fa ther, a lover of art,

who with her mother l ived also at the“Red R ose.

”

Studied six years abroad . Began by i llustrat ing for ad v ertisements ;then entered the wider field of drawing pi c tures for ch ildren’

s poemsand stories.

“H er love of the dainty myster ies of elves and fays has free expression .

” H er work appears especially in Harper’s .

GROLL,ALBERT LOREY

, (P . ) b . New York,December 8

,1866. Most of

his student years were spent in Muni ch where he studied at the RoyalAcademy . H as been a landscape painter Since 1895 . A member of the

National Academy of Design,New York

,1910.

I n his studen t days he gave much at tention to figure paint ing bu tthere came a t ime when he could not afford models for figure pieces ;th is forced h im to find his models in the trees and r ivers

,h ills and fields .

H is earl ier pi c tures are studies of the familiar atmospheri c efiects . of

dawn,twiligh t

,moonligh t

,mist

,sunr ise and starligh t as seen at Cape

C od,Sandy H OOk and in New York Ci ty .

M r . Groll accompanied Prof . Stuart Culin of the Brooklyn Museum of

Arts and S ciences on an exploration trip to New Mexico and Arizonaand the Sketches that he made of the Colorado deser t furn ished materialfor his now noted “deser t” pi c tures. H is

“Ar i zona” won the gold medalin 1906 at the exh ibi tion of the Pennsyl v an ia Academy of the Fine Ar ts .

“I t is only a Sketch of desert and skv and low-lying h ills,bu t i t glows

like a gem wi th the indescribable ne v er-to-be—forgot ten color of the Colo

rado deser t . ” ( Craftsman “The sandstorm” is another remarkable production ; “The rainbow sti ll more daring : In“Clouds” he is

seen at his best . “Lake Lou ise was awarded the Inness gold medal .

H e shows the desert in all its moods— p lac id and savage,bold and

mellow .

“Groll is the mu si cal dreamer i ll colors .

”( Int. studio 27 :1x v i . )

GROVER,O L I VER DENNETT

, (Mural P . ) b . Earl v ille,I ll .

,January 29 ,

1861 . S tudied i l l R oval Academy, Mun i ch ; wi th Frank Du v eneck i l l

Florence,wi th Boulanger

,Lefeb v re and Laurens i l l P aris . Recei v ed the

first Yerkes prize,Chicago

,1892

,for his painting,

“Thy w i ll be done.

GRU rrE,CHARLE S P AUL

, (P . ) b . P i c tou Canada ,S ep tember 3, 1860.

S tudied i ll Holland bu t is ch iefly self-taugh t . Recei v ed gold medal at

Rouen gold medal of American A rt S oc iety i ll 1902 ; two gold medals i llParis .

I S a member of the P ulchre S tud io , T he H ague ; A rti . Am sterdam ;Ameri can lVater—color S oc iety N ew York ; A rt C ll lb o f P h iladelphia ;New York Water-color Club .

1 18

GUER IN,JULE S

, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . S t. Lou is

,M O .

,November 18 ,

1866. Going abroad after prel im inary s tudies,he entered the ateliers

of Benjamin-Constant and Jean Paul Laurens in Paris . Recei ved honorable mention at P aris Exposi t ion 1900; also honorable ment ion at the

P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion,Buffalo

,1901

,and silver medal at St . Lou is

Exposi t ion 1904. A n associate member National Academy of Design,

1916.

M r . Guerin is an arch i tectural draugh tsman,a suc cessfu l - decorative

painter,and a well-known i llustrator . In recent publi cat ions

,he has

collaborated wi th Robert H i chens,the author

,using many of his sub

jects from Egypt and Palestine.

Among his interest ing paintings are series of French Chateaux,Vene

tian scenes,and publi c bu ildings of histor i c interest in the Un i ted S tates .

I ll estimat ing the artist i c quali ties of M r . Guerin,the International

studio says : “H e studies a bu ilding wi th the,

trainedw

and informed intelligence, the assured restraint of an arch i tec tural draugh tsman of the

bet ter sort H e is careful of design and bold , almost arbi trary incolor

,convell tionalizing like a decorator .

”

H e has painted six enormous topograph ical landscapes as mural decorations for the new P ennsylvania R . R . stat ion in New York Ci ty . Theyrepresent ch iefly the country traversed by that railway company .

M r . Guerin was responsible for the color scheme of the bu i ldings of

the P anama-Exposi t ion,and he has the dist inc t ion of being the first

direc tor of color e v er appointed for an internat ional exposi t ion .

GU T H ERz, CARL, ( P . M ural

'

P . ) b . S choeftland,Switzerland ; d . Wash

ington, D . C .

,February 7

,1907 . Came to th is country with his parents

i ll 1851 and set tled i ll M emph is,Tenn . H e became a mechan i cal draugh ts

man . I n 1868 he wen t to P aris and studied art with C abason and P ils,and later wi th S tallaert and R obert i ll Brussels and Antwerp ; finallyset tled in Rome i l l 187 1 where he studied wi th S imonet t i . There he exe

cu ted his first important work “The awakening of spring

,and on the

strength of th is paint ing,he was elec ted i l l 1872 a member of the Cercle

Artist ique Internationale ; after Spending some time i ll M uni ch he re

turned to the Un i ted S tates i l l 1873 and became associated w ith Prof .H alsey G . I v es . I n 1880 M r . Gutherz married an accompl ished and cul

fured lady of a d istingu ished A labama family and they soon after re

mo v ed to P aris where they li v ed unt i l 1 896 . While i ll P ar is,Lefebvre,

Boulanger, Gabriel Ferrier , Ju les Breton ,O l iver M erson and P uvis d e

Cha v annes were among his intimate associates . H e exh ibi ted in everysalon and i ll 1876 recei v ed a medal from France that rendered h is workshors concours i ll the salon . H is work assumed “that dign i ty and pro

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120

H is portrai t of M ary Garden as“Thais”

sold for“H e is obsessed with a sense of color I t is in the painting

of the nude,however

,that H aggin has found his most complete expres

s ion . The flesh is transparen t,blue veined and coolly shadowed .

”

H ALLOWELL,GEORGE H .

, (M in . P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,December 5

,1872 .

Pupil of Benson,Tarbell and H . B . Warren in painting .

At the tenth annual exh ibi t ion of the S ociety of Miniature PaintersM r . H allowell showed an interesting group .

“H is paintings are representations of a more or less conventionalizednature

,and he pays so much at tention to the surface of h is pic ture that

hel

produces an effec t not unl ike the wonderful glaze Of the porcelains of

the R oyal pot teries at Copenhagen . H is design is always beautiful and

his color of an un impeachable harmony,though purely arbi t rary .

”

HARD ING,CHE STER

, (P . ) b . Conway,Mass

,September

,1772 ; d . in

1866. A remarkable personalitv. H e was noted as an axeman— was im

prisoned for debt— worked as a house painter— finally became a famouspor trai t painter .

For a t ime was a student of art in the Academy in Ph iladelph ia .

Finally set tled in Boston where he ach ieved great populari ty . Went toEngland in 1823 where he became popular . R eturning to the Un i tedStates he painted most of the poli t i cal leaders of his t ime —Webster ,Clay

,Calhoun

,Marshall and many more. (B ookm .

Tuckerman in h is “Book of the artists”says : “In 1823 Hard ing was

the fash ion i ll Boston ; even Stuar t was neglec ted and used to ask sar

castically“H ow goes the H arding fever " ”

H is portrai t of Daniel Webster was much esteemed . H is last workwas a portrai t of General Sherman .

H ARDING,GEORGE

, ( I .

,P . ) b . Ph iladelph ia

,P a .

,1882 . S tudied at P enn

sylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and with Howard Pyle. Member of

the Philadelph ia Water Color Club and S oc iety of Illustrators .

Representat ive pi c tures :“Coast of Cape Ra ce” Busy day at the docksThe fisherwoman

” A wreck on Flor ida reefs

H ARPER,W ILL IA M A .

, ( P Born of colored parents near Cayuga, Cal lada

,December 27

,1 873 ; died in the Ci ty of Mexico

,March 27

,1910.

I n 1895 he entered the A rt Inst i tu te School, Ch icago . Later he taugh tdrawing in the publ i c schools of H ouston

,Texas . I n 1903 and again

in 1907 he wen t to P aris where he was assoc iated with H enry O . Tanner .

The subjec ts of h is paintings were mos t ly French and American landscapes. Of a memorial exh ibi tion of h is paintings held i ll Chicago soon

after his death , a local art cri t i c wri tes“The Showing of Harper’

s work was interest ing for the variety of

Sketch ing grounds represented,for the digni ty of the point of V iew,

and

for a consistently,high aim in the conception of his pic tures .

”

H ARR I S ION, (LOVELL ) B IRGE, ( P .

,I . ) b . Ph iladelph ia

,P a .

,October 28 ,

1854 . Son of Apollos W olcot t and Margaret (B eldell ) H arrison . Knownmost widely as a painter of s now . Received an academic educat ion .

Went to Paris i ll 1876 ; entered the atel ier of CaroluS Duran ; two yearslater en tered the Ecole des Beaux Ar ts and st udied under Cabanel forfour years . Going to Pou t-Aven

,Bri t tany

,he painted h is first important

pi c ture,

“November” wh ich was exhibi ted in the salon of 1882 and sub

sequen tly purchased by the French go v ernmen t . Associate member Na

tional Academy of Design,1902 ; ful l member, 1910.

H is work is marked by a love of evanescen t effec ts,

-moonrise over a

majest i c Shadowv landscape,winter twi ligh t after snow

,the harbor ice

in moonligh t .

Importan t works are

The return of the MayflowerMoonligh t on the snow”

Morning on the E el ri verMoonligh t on the marshesThe Flat iron after rain”

S unlight and mist”

T he lower town,Quebec

A wri ter on his art,a teacher and experimenter

,he has played with

the whole gamu t of h igh and low sunsh ine on snowy fields .

”

( Innes“S chools of painting

,p .

H is paintings are hors concours in the P aris salon .

HARR I SON,THOMA S ALEXANDER

, (P . ) b . P h iladelphia,P a .

,January 17 .

1853. S on of Apollos Wolcot t and Margaret (Belden ) Harri son . I ll

1879 he studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, also under Bast ien-Lepageand Gerome

,Paris. The same year he jo ined the co lony of art ists a t

Pout-Aven,B rittany

,and i ll 1 880 he sen t his first marine enti tled “ T he

Bri t tany coast” to the P aris salon . H is fi rst popu lar success came i ll1882 when he sen t to the salon a charming pictu re cal led “Castles i l l

Spain.

” In the salon of 1884 he again obtained great success w i th a

marine called Crépu scu le '

( Tw ili gh t ) . Th is he fol lowed i l l the salon

Moonrise off Santa BarbaraWinter sunrise i ll New EnglandThe sentinel”

T he heigh ts of LevisWoodstock meadows i ll w interR oad near Santa Barbara”

M adison avenue i ll win ter"

noH an-l

of 1885 wi th “The wave” for which he received honorable mention, andin the salon of 1886 he exh ibi ted “Arcadia” wh ich was later purchasedby the French governmen t for the Luxembourg . These four mentionedpic tures all figured in the Un i versal Exh ibi t ion of 1889 and representthe artist ’s greatest and most successful efforts .

O ther representat ive paintings are

“The R i v er Loing— even ingNymph”

Lunar mistsS h ipwreckedH arbor of C oncarneanPebbly beach ’

A lthough demonstrating h is abi li ty to pain t i ll many direc t ions i t ismainly by reason of his great power as a painter of the sea that M r .

H arrison ’

s repu tation stands,and in th is work none approaches h im i ll

the del ineat ion of ligh t and movemen t and color of wave forms udersky effects .

“Very notable is the hue of the foam and curdle, notwhi te bu t an attenuated tone of the same blue whi ch pervades the massof waters (Bru sh P .

“O f all Ameri can painters of the sea,A lexander H arrison is

the most scholarly . ( Caffin . )“The key note to M r. H arrison ’

s art is tru th to nature ; he is a discipleof the plein air mo v ement and of the evolution which was determinedin French art by Manet . ”

H e has a stud io in P aris where he has large classes of students.

H is paint ings have obtained for him medals and pri zes in Paris,Mun i ch

,London

,New York and Phi ladelph ia . I S a member of popular

art clubs in P aris,M uni ch

,London

,New York and P hi ladelph ia. W as

elec ted associate member of the National Academy of Design,in 1898 ;

full member in 1901 .

H ASSAM,CH ILDE

, (P .

,E . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,Oc tober 17

,1859 . Edu

cated in B oston publi c schools and studied art in Boston and Paris,1886-9 . I s the best known follower of M onet in th is country— our foremost impressionist since the death of Theodore R obinson .

H as been sm gularly successful in compet i t ion,winning medals in

P ar is, M uni ch , Chi cago, P hi ladelph ia, P i t tsburgh , Buffaloand S t. Louis,and awarded prizes by many Amer i can art clubs and societ ies . H e is a

member of the T en Ameri can P ainters,S oc iété Nat ionale des Beaux

Arts, P aris, The Secession ists , M uni ch , and National Academy of De

sign , New York .

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124

i ll New York schools of art ; owner and instru c tor of Cape C od Schoolof A rt

,Provincetown, M ass . Associatemember Nat ional Academy

,1908 .

First painted st ill l ife,then figures ; after a trip to I taly painted land

scapes ; also paints. portrai ts.

“H e is essent ially a figure pain ter,a painter of “ types surrounded

by a jumble of st ill life. The fishing folk of Cape Cod are his SpecialtyIn his men with oar and fish ing tackle and his Portuguese

fisher boys,we feel a whiff of the ocean and thei r env ironment is actually

dripping wi th brine Hawthorne’s art has not yet that expres

sion of joy in expansi ve life which cl ings to Winslow H omer ’s f igures

nor has i t that anatomical grasp in character which is Eakin’s strength .

B ut i t is just as v i tal,natural and who lesome.

”( Int. studio 26

Arthur H oeber wri tes : “The return” has a sent iment rarely securedby modern men . T he express ion of the young lad is splendidly caugh tand is full of youth

,hope and courage

,while as craf tsmansh ip it is nu

surpassed .

“The auc tioneer” is a type of the P rov incetown fishermanthat is to the life

,while the paint ing is a veri table tour de force. O ne

cannot mistake here the man ’s call to the arts

,for the painter is oh

vions in every brush stroke The l i t tle Venetian “Lemon girl”

is a gem in its way. ( I nt. studio 37 :lxv. )“The trousseau

,

”now owned by the M etropol i tan museum

,was award

ed the Clarke pri ze in 191 1 on the firs t ballo t wi thou t a dissent ing vo i cean unprecedented honor in the h istory of the Nat ional Academy of

Design .

O ther representative pi ctures are

“Fisher boy H ome with the catchFisher ch ildren The au ct io

/neer

”

Portuguese fisher boys T he doyen of the fish marketThe fisherman

’s daugh ter You th”

The boatman”

HEALY,GEORGE P ETER ALEXANDER

, (P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,July 15

,1813

(1. Ch icago,I ll .

,June 24

,1894 . At the age of sixteen he began to copy

prints and make likenesses of al l who would si t for h im . H is first success was a copy on canvas of Guido R en i ’s “Ecce homo” which a

Catholi c priest purchased for $10 and placed in his church . H e studiedin Paris in 1 836 ; went to Chicago in 1858 ; rev isi ted Europe in 1869 and

resided long in Rome. While in Rome painted portrai ts of Longfel low.

P ope P ius IX,P rincess O ldenberg and other distingu ished presons. H e

also painted the portrai ts of Lou is Phil ippe,Gu i zot

,Th ier

,Gambet ta,

Webster, Clay, L incoln and Gran t,and many hundred more distingu ish

ed persons . The number of portrai ts that he painted was enormous.

125

At his bes t,his heads are strong

,dignified and charac teristi c .

H e also produced large h istori c pi c tu res, his“Frankl in before Lou is

X VI,

” won the th ird -class medal at the P aris salon in 1840 and his

“Webster ’s reply to H ayne now hangs in Faneu il Hall, Boston .

H E IN IGK E,O TTO

,b . Brooklyn

,N ew York , 1851 . A mural pa inter

,but

makes a special ty of stained glass. Also a wri ter .

H ENR I,ROBERT

, (P . ) b . Cinc innat i,O .

,1865 . R ecei ved his education

i ll the western Ci t ies and i ll N ew York . Studied art in the Pennsylvan iaAcademy of the Fine Arts

,also studied wi thou t instru ct ions for years

i ll France,Spain and I taly . H as exh ibi ted at P aris salons and won

several prizes at competi tive exh ibi tions in the United States . Memberof the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New York

,since 1906.

The snow” was purchased in 1899 by the French government for theLuxembourg .

“Girl in whi te waist” was purchased by the Carnegie I nsti tute

,Pit tsburgh

,for the permanent collec t ion .

O ther pic tures are

“Gi rl with red hai rH appy Hollander”

L i t tle girl holding her hat

I sham says : “M r . Rober t Henri is the most charac terist i c of the

younger group of painters h is best works are from careful lychosen models H is girls are modern

,complex and rather mys

terious . H is workmansh ip is broad and sure,insistently masterly, _w ith

great ri chness of surface and harmony of tone in the S imple scheme of

black and wh i te and flesh color .

”

Hartmann says of H enri : “A street Scene painter whose aim is ratherto sei ze the mystery

, the passion, the despair as well as the gaiety of a

modern metropolis,than to describe its merely topographi cal feat ures .

”

“Woman wi th cloak” is much admired by the artist i c few ; its soft andharmonious background suggests W’histler . (Bru sh P .

“M r . H enri ’s Irish types are full Of life and color,splendidly charac

terized and modeled . H e would do well to subdue a tendency to o v er

punctuate wi th dashes of flesh color of very violent reds and crimsons .

”

( I nt. studio 52 : i i i . )“Robert Henri ’s portrai t of M r. Lloyd Roberts ’

l i t tle daugh ter P a

tri cia has become so famou s il l Ameri ca that she has been n i cknamedthe Henr i baby .

”

( Craftsman 29

HERTER,ALBERT

, (M u ral P . ) b . New York , March 2 , 187 1 . H e stud iedart wi th Carroll Beckwi th ; also with Laurens and Cormon in Paris .

126

M r . H erter has won many medals and pri zes and recei ved honorable men

tion i ll the Paris salon of 1890. 1 11 1910 he was elected an associatemember of the Nat ional A cademv of Design .

Five years ago he brought over from France weavers and looms and

established a fac tory for tapestries and texti les,designing the patterns

h imself .H is latest ach ievemen t has been in mural paint ing, and among recentwall paintings of note

.

is a series of decorations for the d ining room of

the S t. Franc is H otel,S an Franc isco , wh i ch he painted i ll his stud io in

East H ampton,L . I . Seven wall spaces are covered wi th an al legorical

pageant marking the progress of ci v i li zat ion . (House B .

“The color effec t of the decorat ion as a whole is remarkably har

monious. I n each panel there is bri lliant red,considerable blue and

pageant marking the progress of c iv il i zat ion .

H IGGIN S,EUGENE

, ( P .

,E . ) b . Kansas Ci ty

,M o .

,February

,1874. A t

tended the art school ih S t. Louis,M o .

,and later stud ied in P aris under

Laurens,B enjal l l in-Constant

,Gerome and at the E cole des Beaux Arts.

Po v erty is M r . Higgins ’art inspirat ion and he is called the Maxim

Gorky of painting .

H is mother died when he was four years of age and he thenceforthl i ved in cheap boarding houses with h is father who was a stone-cu tter bytrade. H ere

“he came in close contac t wi th types of dissolu te and luckless human i ty

,such as he now loves to paint :

When a lad of twelve,an art i cle on Millet ga v e him h is first impulse

to be a painter . M il let and Victor H ugo ha v e largely moulded his eu

tire li fe.

Du ring his sojourn in P aris h is paint ings were shown 1 11 the exhibi

t ions of the Ameri can A rt Assoc iation and afew of his works were wellhung in the New Salon. H e returned to the Un i ted S tates i ll 1904.

John S pargo,1 11 the Craf tsman says “The quest ion has been

raised whether such subjects as M r . H iggins chooses are su i ted to themed ium of canvas and paint or whether they do not belong rather toli terature.

H iggins in defense says : “There is longing,envy

,and unrest in the

slum s and there is feeling,sent iment and poetry as well .

H e portrays the patheti c , the help less, the ru ined,the desp ised and

the rejected of human i ty .

H ILLS, LAURA COOMBS, (Mi ll . P . ) b . Newbu ryport , Mass,September 7 ,

1859 . P llpil of H elen M . Knowl ton,A rt Students’ League of New York

and Cowles Art School in Boston .

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128

the tulip fields of Egmond near Amsterdam . The Egmond school is een

result of his paintings. Whi le he resided there seventeen studios spr l'

cl te

up and three hundred pupils came to h im .

M r . H i tch cock ’s

“Tul ip culture” was the foundat ion of his reputaxl ll d

in the P aris salon of 1887 .erns

“Few artists before h im ha v e been impressed as he was by the Haal l emtulip beds and the great brilliant tapestries formed by the variegatedhyacinth s of the Low Countries .

”

M r . Hitchcock prefers H olland in one mood .

“Holland flooded in

sunl igh t and covered wi th a mul ti colored floral carpet is the HollandM r . H i tchcock pu ts on can v as .

” “A figure pain ter qui te as unmistake

ably as a landscape painter,he combines both elements on even terms .

”

( C ent , 48

Among the most engaging of his Du tch composit ions are

“The mob cap” I n Braban t”

'

Hyacinths” H olland morningM aterni ty” Sun-fl ecked”

The epi tome of H olland “S unday in ZeelandF lower girl in Holland”

M r . Hitchcock ’s art is not lim i ted to Du tch subjec ts . H e has painted

a number of pi c tures dealing wi th religious and myth i cal subjec ts .

Among these may be ment ioned

AnnunciationFligh t into Egyp tM ary at the house of E li zabethS aint George”

Hagar and Ishmael

M r . Hitch cock recei ved honorable men t ion,gold medals and o ther

coveted pr i zes. H e was a member of the Muni ch S ecessionists, Paris Society of Ameri can Painters

,the Vienna Academy and anofficer in

“

the

Order of Franz Josef ; also an associate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New York

,1909 .

H ITCHCOCK,LUC IUS WOLCOTT

, ( I . ) b . West W illiamsfield,O .

,December

2,1868 . P upil of A rt Students’ League-of N ew York

,Lefebvre

,Benjamin

Constan t, Laurens and C olarossi A cademy,Par is . R ecei ved honorable

men tion at P all -A lll erican Exposi t ion ,Bu ffalo

,1 901 ; si l v er medal for il

lustration and bronze medal for painting at the St . Lou is Exposi tion,1904 . Also a teacher .

129

H OMER,W IN SLOW

, ( P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,February 24, 1836 ; d . S car

borough , Maine, September 29, 1910. At the age of nineteen he en teredthe employ of a l i thographer in Boston . 1 11 1859 he settled in New York ,studying in the school of the Nat ional Academy of Design and under F .

Rondel . H e was elec ted assoc iate member of the academy in 1864 ; academician in 1865 .

During the c ivi l war he was spec ial corresponden t and art ist forHarper, and his first works in O il wh i ch brough t h im prominently before the publ i c as an artist were “Prisoners from the front

,

” “H ome,sweet home,

” “Zouaves pi tch ing quoi ts .

” Then came studies of negrolife and character

,his

“Visi t from the old mistress” being one of the

best pic tures Of negro l ife. Later he painted the landscape of the Ad iron

dacks,then the seafaring people of the -New England coast whose li fe

he has interpreted wi th remarkable poetry and understanding . Bu t it isin h is delineat ion of the ocean

,however

,that H omer ’s genius reached its

greatest heigh ts.

“I t is not the charm of the ocean that he paints. The mood in wh ichhe excels is morose

,— it is threatening, lowering, savage.

”

H e is unquest ionably the most stri c tly nat ional painter America hasproduced

,and for that reason he is one of the greatest, if not the great

est. H is sea is the watery waste,an expression of tremendous force,

mystery,peril ; his landscapes are redolent of the primeval forests of the

new world,its bleak h i lls

,i ts crags

,his men and women are pioneers

fishermen,seafaring folk .

”(Brush P .

Cannon rock” is one of his greatest works ;“Gulf stream”

and “Un

dertow”are strongly dramat i c .

H e has made delightful records— joyous and brilliant no tes— of his

trips to the Bermudas and Bahamas in a group of water colors.

Among his marine masterpieces are:

“A l igh t on the sea” “On a leeshore ”

The breaker” The lookou t— All’s wellThe wreck” A summer nigh tWatch ing the breakers— a h igh T he fog warningsea Kissing the moonThe li fe l ine A summer squall”

S unligh t on the coast H igh cliff , coast of Maine

Walter Pach,the wri ter, considers Winslow Homer the greatest

Ameri can artist . “H omer ’

s renunciation of0

the joys of color marks h imas the stern pu ri tan of the north ,” he says ; and later he compares himto Milton . xenouncing color , his genius sough t consolat ion in the im

pressi ve organi zat ion of grand form s, in respec t for the indi v iduali ty of

17

130

the sea the Sky and the earth in the almost Tanagra-l ike grace of human

figures.

“Winslow Homer is an absolu tely original and national artist ; heis the first exponent of pic torial art in the new world . H e presents theunique phenomenon of an American painter whose work has in it not

the least scintilla or h int of Europe or of Asia.

”(Brush P .

,10

HOPK IN,ROBERT

, (P ) . b . Glasgow ,Scotland

,January 3, 1832 ; (1. De

troit, Mich igan ,March 21

,1909 . Went to Detroi t

,Michigan

,with his

parents when eleven years of age and l ived there prac ti cally all his life.

M r . Hopkin as a boy grew up on Detroi t wharves ; rece ived his ap

prenti cesh ip in m ixing colors for decorators and made his li ving as a

scen i c artist . For many years he was the leader and patriarch of De

troit artists. At one time was president of the Detroi t Assoc iat ion of

Arts ; also a member of the Soc iety of Western Artists and of the De

troit Water Color Society . H is most important work is a series of six

paint ings for the Cotton Exchange,New Orleans

,La. H e also painted

many drop curtains for Chicago, Denver , Toronto and other c i ties.

C . Lewis Hind, the English art cri t i c

,when in Detroi t saw Hopkin ’

s

works for the first t ime and said of them :“No cri t ic could deny to them

a place among the very first pic tures. They are wonderful, enchant ing,powerful

,great .

The direc tor of the Museum of A rt,Detroi t, said : “I believe his

modesty,charm ing as it was, was a great inj ust i ce to h imself and to

the world Modesty robbed him of fame due a master’s hand .

”

H is landscapes, figures and interiors are just as suggesti ve of his

poeti c power of expression as are his marines . (Detroi t Free Press,March 22

,

HORNBY, LESTER G.

, Began to etch in th is coun try and pro

duced many plates descriptive of New England before he wen t to Parl sin 1906. H e has traveled much in foreign lands and has been a regularexh ibi tor at the Salon des Artistes Francais

,and at many of the lead

ing art exhibi ts held throughou t Europe.

Among his most attractive plates are those made in Tunis during thewinter of 1908 .

Story teller ” Passage ArabsVegetable dealers Marabou t tombsThe musicians”

H is French plates are enthusiasti cally regarded by those who loveP aris

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132

Ameri can artist,Harriet H osmer .

” S ir Charles Eastlake said : “Ifit had been disco v ered among the ru ins of Rome or Pompeii it wouldhave been pronounced one of the best Grecian statues

,

”and John Gibson,

the scu lptor said,

“I t is worthy to be an antique.

”

“Beatri ce Cenci” has much grace and beau ty is of a very intelli

gible kind ; i t is now in the Publ i c L ibrary of St . Louis.

“Puck” was so

popular that thirty repl i cas were made. The Prince of Wales and the

Duke of H amilton each ordered a copy . I ts companion p iece, “Wi ll-o’

the-wisp is pret ty and fanciful .

Nathaniel Hawthorne Speaks of M iss H osmer ’s

“Zenobia”as a very

noble and remarkable statue indeed,full of digni ty and beau ty .

”

Whi le in R ome she recei v ed a commission for a memorial to MadameFalconnet

’s daugh ter to be placed in the Church of S an Andrea delle

Fratte. This was a great d ist inc t ion,for She was the first art ist other

than an I talian to be permit ted to place her work in one of the churchesof Rome.

H er much cr i ti c ised statue of Col . Benton in Lafayette Park , S t .Lou is

,M o .

,was sat isfac tory to his daugh ter

,M rs . Fremont

,who at the

un v eiling said : “She has caugh t my father’s very expression and his

att i tude.

”

The“Brown ing hands” were brough t to the Uni ted S tates by Miss

H osmer and presented to her n iece al though she was offered to

leave them in England . A cast of these hands was given to the Art Institu te

,Chi cago .

Jarvis, in his “Art idea,

says : “She (M iss Hosmer ) has no creat ivepower, bu t has acqu ired no small degree of digni ty and beau ty.

”

Miss H osmer made a number of discoveries and inventions,including

a process of gi v ing I talian l imestone the hardness of marble.

H OU STON,FRANCE S C . LYON S

, (P . ) b . Hudson,Mich

,January 17 1867

(1. Windsor,Vi .

,Oc tober

,1906.

M rs . H ouston studied wi th Lefebvre and Boulanger in Paris ; thenreturned to Boston where she married Will iam C . Houston . She was

a member of the Boston Water Color Club,the N ew Y ork

L

W ater ColorC lub

,and the Boston Soc iety of Arts and Crafts.

“The two qual i t ies that ga v e distinc t ion to M rs . H ouston ’

s work wereundoubtedly her sense of style and her sense of beauty . She

worked qu ietly , sat isfied wi th the joy of creating many -forms of; beau tyin pot tery , goldsm ith ’

s work,and gardening

,in wh ic h branches of art

she was also an adept . M rs . H ouston’s canvases have great techni cal

value.

”( Cent . 75

H er portrai t of E thel Barrymore— her last work— . is a .

‘

charmlng ex

ample of her work as a painter.

133

B OVENDEN‘

,THOMAS

, (P . ) b . Dunmanway,I reland

,December 28

,1840;

was killed on August 14, 1895, in an unsuccessful effort to save an un

known ch ild from being k i lled by a rai lway train . H e stud ied i ll theCork school of Design . Came to the Un i ted S tates in 1863 bu t i t wasnot until 1872 that he began to follow art as a profession . In 1874 he

went to Paris and entered the studio of Cabanel where he rema ined un

til 1880 when he returned to the Un i ted S tates . H e was elec ted asso

ciate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design,N ew Y ork

,i l l 188 1 ;

academician,1882 .

H is first no table painting was a“Breton interior of

'

B reaking home t ies”

was one of the most popular paintings at the ColumbianExposi t ion, 1893.

“Last moments of John Brown” which hangs in the

M etropolitan'

Museum of A rt,New York

,is an espec ially charac teristi c

canvas . Cri t i cs concur in esteeming “E la ine”as his masterpiece.

“A s

a powerful allegor i cal pic ture i t stands unrivaled among the productions of Ameri can genius.

”

Popular paintings are

“Jerusalem the golden Thinking of somebodyThe two lilies” News from the conscrip tA Bri t tany

‘

woman spinning Pride of the old folks”

Pleasant news” P easant soldiers of La Vendee”

The image seller

H is is the story -tell ing pi c ture and the s tory is told clearly and

beau tifu lly .

H OWE,W’ I LL IAM HENRY

, ( P . ) b . Ravenna,O .

,1846 . P upi l of O t to de

Thoren and F . de Vu illefroy in Paris. Recei ved honorable mention,New

O rleans,1885 ; honorable ment ion, Paris salon

,1886 ; th ird -class medal ,

Paris salon,1888 ; si lver medal

,Par is Exposi t ion, 1889 ; Temple gold

medal Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,1890; grand medal , C rys

tal P alace,London

,1890;

‘

officier d’A cadelnie

,Paris

,1896 ; chevalier Lo

gion of Honor,1899 ; member of National Academy Of Des ign

,N ew Yo rk ,

1897 .

M r . Howe has won fame as the painter of landscapes w i th cat tle. l l is

earlier work shows strongly the influence of such masters as Van M a l-cke

and Troyon . H is later work is of rare quali ty and possesses a d i s tinc tpersonal

Among -his best known paint ings are

“The truants”

‘

Korten H of meadows”

In the Orchard C at tle at rest”

Morn ing” “R eturning from the heath

134

HUBBELL,H ENRY S ALEM

, (P . ) b . in the Uni ted States. Pupil of.

A rt

Inst i tu te,Chicago

,Whistler

,Col lin

,Laurens and Benjamin-Constant in

P aris . R eceived honorable mention in the Paris salon,1901 . I S a mem

ber of the P aris Ameri can Artists Association and Par is Soc iety of

Amer i can Painters . W as elec ted assoc iate member of the National Academy, 1905 .

H is original training was in i llustration, and i t was not until 1900,two years after h is arr i val in P aris, that he

“entered upon the study of

paint ing proper and then v isi ted Spain . In the salon of 1 909 he was

represented by two canvases— “Capri ce”and

“Au tumn leaves .

” “Eachof these conlpo

i

sitions presents a decorat ive pat tern of forms and spacesand a color scheme that is choi ce and reserved .

”

(Harp .

Of an exh ibi tion of eleven canvases by th is art ist at the A rt Insti tu te,Ch icago

,A rt and P rogress wri tes : “With the exception of an ex

qu isitely painted interior and a study— “The black fan,

”all are por

trai ts . H is pri ze pic ture,

“The departure

,

”a life-si ze portrai t of a lady

in a long green cloak and a large hat enveloped wi th a veil,is a harmony

in green wi th a set ting of browns . M r . H ubbel pain ts wi th v irile and

robust temper ; and in the portrai t of M iss B,a beau t iful young woman

In pl l lk evening gown,in

“ Serena,

”a young girl in gray in a shaded

room,in

“Sylvia,

”another young girl

,in

“Winthrop,

a boy, and the

extraordinary l ikeness of“Aun t Liz z ie Aiken

,

” there is a strength and

truth as well as joyousness of interpretation, wh ich command attention .

H UMPHREYS,MAR IE CHAM PNEY

, (M in . P . ) b . Deerfi‘

eld,Mass

,1867 ;

(I . New Rochelle,N . Y .

,December 1

,1906. W as married November 22,

1899,to John S anford H umph reys .

W as a min iature painter . Exh ibi ted in Europe and Ameri ca.

H UNT,W ILL IA M MORR I S

, ( P .

,Mural P . ) b . Brattleboro

,V t .

,March 31 ,

1824 ; d . Appledore,Isles of S hoals

,N . H .

,S eptember 8

,1879 . H e be

gan his art studies in the Royal Academy,London

,and later wen t to

Dusseldorf . O riginally he“ intended to become a sculptor bu t abandonedth is design and studied under Couture in Paris. While in Paris he wasbrough t into intimate relations with D iaz

,and at Barbizon was asso

ciated with M i llet . I ll 1855 he returned to the Un i ted S tates and settledi ll Boston .

T he present admiration in th is country for modern French art can

be d irect ly traced to his advocacy . I n his art he liked better to suggestform than to portray i t with strong ou tl ines ;H e painted many portrai ts of noted people and also made many origi

nal Sketches of types of P ar isian l ife ; among them ,

“The street music ian

,

” “Girl at the fountain,

” “Child selling violets .

”

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136

the Saturday Even ing Post ; has illustrated many leading magazines and

periodicals, books, etc.

Mr . Hu tt l ikes women and ch ildren for his subjec ts,depicting them

wi th finesse and daintiness of execu tion . H is charac ters suggest spontaneity and humannaturalness bu t they are usually in a setting too

decorative for reali ty .

“H is l ine is quaint and often whimsi cal with an almost pic turesqueensemble

,and he conveys his interpretation wi th sent iment and “

a re

dundant sense of beau ty .

”

“H e makes clothes tell their portion of the story,bu t perhaps he is

more an oapostle of the well-dressed than is M r . Fisher .” (Bk-buyer

HYATT,ANNA VAUGHN

, ( S . ) b . Cambridge,Mass

,March 10

,1876.

A musi cian— an art isti c performer on the violin— during an at tack of

nervous prostration,Miss Hyatt found recreation in model ing clay . This

d iversion was the means of her abandoning her musi cal career,for upon

recovery of health she chose sculpture for her l ife work , studying withHenry Hudson K i tson and at the A rt Students’ League

,N ew York . She

has been represented in many of the leading exh ibi t ions throughou t thecountry during the past ten years

,and was represented in the salon of

1910. Elec ted an associate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design ,

1916.

At an exh ibi tion of her works in New York,1914, there were d is

played forty-three animal subjec ts. A few were “The Whirlwind”

showing a l ioness and crane ;“Jaguar

,

” “Whi te H orses of the Sea,

“A Yearling Colt ,” “Bull ’s Head,

” “Rolling Bear,

” “FOX and Geese,and “Pigs Under Fence.

”

“H er animals are most assertive in charac ter and away from the con

ventionalized forms we have seen for years by the hundreds MissH yat t seems to comprehend the psychology of each and every animalShe models .

”(Arts and D .

Anna V . Hyat t ’s group of eigh t plunging horses is a remarkable pieceof work and is accorded by cri tics a place of equali ty wi th B orglum

’s

famous “Mares of Diomedes.

”(Arts and D .

Among other things Miss Hyat t has restored preh istori c an imals forthe Brooklyn Museum .

H er most importan t bronzes are : Winter,

” “A steep grade,

” “Coltsplaying,” “Col ts in the storm

,

” “Goats bu tting,

”etc.

Miss Hyatt in her early work collaborated wi th Miss Abastenia S t .Leger Eberle another Ameri can young woman who abandoned musi cfor sculpture. Their first group,

“M en and bul l” was awarded a medal

137

at the St . Louis Exposi tion ;“B oy and goat playing is another fine

group done in collaborat ion . (Craftsman 8“In Miss Hyat t we have no doub t the greatest woman exponent of

animal l ife in th is country She presents the animal to us as onlyone who knows and understands it can

,and reprodu ces a l iving th ing

in all its fullness of strength and natural expression .

”(Arts and D .

Miss Hyat t ’s statue of Jeanne d’A rc

,placed on R iverside Drive

,New

York Ci ty, is her latest and most finished work . S everal years ago

while in P aris,she execu ted an equestrian statue of Jeanne d

’A rc . I twas exhibi ted in the salon of 1910

,fa v orably received and awarded

honorable mention . When a group of Ameri can c i tizens decided to

erec t a monumen t to the Mai d of Orleans,th is early statue (which

was submi tted in compet i t ion of designs ) was selec ted by the committee.

Miss H yat t had mu ch difficul ty in her efforts to model the su i t of

armor h istori cally correc t,for experts gave the informat ion that there

is not i ll existence a complete su i t of armor of that period . Bu t fromfragments of wood

,bronze and stone scu lp ture and old tombs trac ings ,

she worked out the details .

The pedestal is Goth i c i ll design and is parti cu larly appropriate and

interesting,for the stones wh ich form the arches were taken from the

floor in the cell of the pr ison in wh i ch Jeanne was confined at Rouen .

HYDE,HELEN

, (E . ) b . Lima,N . Y .

,Apri l 6

,1868 ; pupil of Emi l Carlsen

in New York ; Raphael Collin in Paris,Skarbi ll a in Berlin

,and Kano

Tomanobu in Japan . S pecial ty : Japanese subjec ts in colored woodblocks and etch ing .

Among the art ists in Europe and Ameri ca who have adopted the

Japanese form of art for the expression of their own ideas,Miss Helen

Hyde,a gifted young Ameri can

,takes high rank . After devot ing two

years to the task of acqu iring the Japanese method of wielding the brushshe was rewarded when her Japanese master asked her to paint a kakemono for the annual spring exh ibi tion . She did so

, cal l ing her pic ture“A monarch of Japan .

” Th is pic ture was awarded firs t prize on the

strength of excellent handling of a par ti cularly diffi cul t brush— for i t isby the meri ts or demeri ts of skillful brushwork that Japanese pic turesare ch iefly valued .

Miss Hyde reproduces her composi t ions in the form of color prints ,

and has become famous i l l this field of art.

A few of her popu lar pri nts are

138

SecretsThe lu cky branchThe m irror”

Happiness flowerThe greeting”

Baby and toy

Rainy eveningA snowy day in Japan

One of Miss Hyde’s most su ccessful etchings is “Li t tle cherry blos

som .

”

“Perhaps the greatest triumph in Miss Hyde’s work lies in the su ccess

ful rendering of atmosphere wh ich is del i cately suggest ive of the flower

blossom country I n “The ralny day” we have th is qual i ty at

its best . ” ( Int. studioMiss Hyde has recently painted in Mexi co ; also wri tten of the

“Colorlure of Mexico.

” Several of these paintings are parti cularly interestingbecause of the evident Japanese influence upon the artist ’s style.

INMAN,HENRY

, (P .

,M in . P . ) b . Ut i ca

,N . Y .

,O c tober 20

,1801 ; (1. New

York,January 17 , 1846. H e displayed talent for art as a lad bu t he

inclined to a mili tary career and had secured a commission to enterthe West Point Academy when he saw W estmuller’

s famous “Danae”

in the studio of John Wesley Jarvis in N ew York . H e immediately presen ted h imself as a candidate for artist i c instru c t ions ; was acceptedand studied with Jarvis several years. For years he execu ted min iature,cabinet and l ife-si ze portrai ts

,practiced li thographic drawing and

sketched scenery with rare assidui ty and su ccess. H e was one of -the

founders of the Nat ional Academy of Design in 1825 and was elec tedits first vice-president.

M r . Inman went to Europe in 1845 and whi le in England painted theportrai ts of Wordsworth

,Macauley

,Dr . Thomas Chalmers and o thers

,

returning to America he also painted the portraits of many distingu ishedIpersons .

H is landscapes and genre composi tions include“Scenes from the Bride of Lam “The newsboymermoor”

The brothers”

Rydal Falls,England Woodland scene

Mumble-the-

peg”

R ip Van WinkleThe sisters”

B oyhood of WashingtonRuins of B rambletye house Lake of the D ismal SwampBirman wood”

The bamboo fenceBelated”

The blossom ch ildDay d reams

”

Baby San”

In his father ’s shoes

Child of the people”

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GEO RGE INNESS .

By George Inness , Jr.

141

his pi c tures is due to the fac t that he shows though ts,emo tions and

sensat ions comprehensi ble of human i ty“Inness must be ranked here as the d iscoverer of the Ameri can meadow

and woodland— a new realm of beau ty . I t is possibly his most lastingt i tle to fame A nd Inness found all the material heneeded wi th in fifty mi les of New York . I t was the original discoveryof th is material

,h is point of v iew regard ing i t

,what he d id wi th i t and

what he made us see in i t,that gives h im high rank i l l the h is tory of

Ameri can paint ing .

”

L i'

lbke says : “H e was l ike Corot in h is indifference to the minutefac ts of the country before h im

,and like Corot in his disposi tion to

harmoni ze sombre foliage and pale distant sky into a lovely harmony,

bu t he was more eager than was Coro t to sei ze the bri lliant color of

sunset and to use his gray -green trees as a sol id frame for those glow ingeffec ts.

”

A list of I nl l ess’ princ ipal paintings in publi c collec tions,also bibli

ography and magazine artic le references are given in “Masters in Art,

Vol . 9 .

I N N E ss,GEORGE

,JR .

, (P . ) b . P aris,France, January 4, 1854 . The son

of George Inness . W as a pupil of his father in R ome,1870-4 ; studied one

year with Bonnat in Paris. Ob tained gold medal in P aris salon 1899 ;

also gold and si lver medals at various exhibi t ions in the Uni ted S tates.

H as a studio in New York . De-votes h imself to an imal paint ing . H as

exhibi ted at the National Academy of Design, New -York,since 1877

,

when he sent “The ford”

and “P atience.

A few of his paintings are

“Monarch of the farm”

The pride of the dairy“lVaiting for the masterNew born lamb”

Member of the National Academy of Design,New York

,since 1899 ;

and of the French Academy since 1902 .

O f h is landscapes and atmosllheric efl'

ec ts,M a ther says : “

The youngerInness has a fondness for depart ing thunder showers

,rainbows and

misty red sunbeams penetrat ing i l l the form o f wedges th rough a sea of

mist,and rest ing upon stonv fields .

I SHAM,SAMUEL

, (P . ) b . N ew York,M ay 1 2

,L 523 ; d . E as tll ampton ,

L . I .

,June 12

,1914 . Graduated from Yale College i l l 1875 . H ad h is firs t

instruction in drawing i ll the art school under Professor N iell leyer. Dur

42

ing a three years’sojourn in E urope he had drawing lessons from Jac

quesson de la'

Chevreuse. O n h is return to the Un i ted S tates, he took upthe study of law and pract i ced the profession for five years. I n 1883

he again took up art and wen t to P aris and entered theAcadémie Julien,studying four years under Boulanger and. Lefebvre. A member Soc ietyAmeri can Artists, 1891 ; associate member Nat ional Academy

,1900,

academician, 1906. Author of “History of American Painting .

”

M r . Isham both by his brush and pen did work effect ively for the

prest ige of Ameri can art.

”(Outl . 107 z438 . )

I n re v iewing M r . I shanl’s

“History of American painting,

” CharlesH enry H art

,the art cri t i c

,wri tes : “I t is an interest ing and invalu

able work al though i t is not a history in the scientific sense of the wordas understood today I t is a mos t deligh tfully sane

,scholarly ,

cathol i c and intelligent cri t i c ism of the work of Ameri can painters,and

as such is ent i tled to the very first rank i l l the small library of trueart cr i ti c ism .

”

(D ial 41

IVE S,H ALSEY COOLEY

, (P . ) b . Montour Falls,N . Y .

,O ctober 27

,1847 ;

(1. London,England

,May 5 , 191 1 . W as a pupil of Alexander P iatowsky.

I n 1 864 he entered the government serv ice as a draugh tsman and in

1869 he began a study of decorative art ; later he became an instru ctorinthe P olytechn i c school of S t . Lou is . I n 1881

,at the establ ishment of

the M useum of Fine Arts,S t . Louis

,he became its direc tor . H e was

decorated by K ing Oscar of Sweden with the Order of the Vasa and byKing Christian of Denmark with the Dannebrog Cross . He received a

sil v er medal at the S t. Lou is Exposi t ion for his landscape “Waste lands,

’

and has received decorations and medals for art serv i ces in this country, France, Austria, Japan

,Ch ina

,P ortugal

,Belgium

,Bulgaria

,

Sweden and Denmark . A member of the Nat ional S culpture Soc iety ,tl

‘

lc National A rt Club

,the Academy of S cience and o ther organi zat ions .

(Ameri can A rt Annual Vol .

IVES,P ERCY

, (P . ) b . Detroi t,M i ch .

,June 5

,1864 . At the age of

eigh teen he en tered the P ennsyl v ania Academy of the Fine Arts. I n

1885 he visi ted E u rope,spending six mon ths traveling in S cotland

,

England , the Netherlands , Germany and I taly . H e studied three yearsat the Academie Julien

,P ar is

,under Boulanger

,Lefebvre

,Benjamin,

C onstan t and C ornlon . After a second visi t to P aris in 1890 he was

appo inted dean of the Detro i t Museum of A rt . I n 1893 he studied at theEcole des Beaux Ar ts under Gerome and i ll the same year exhibi ted at

the salon .

Returning to Detroi t in 1 895 he resumed h is posi tion at the Museum

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144

JOHN SON, EASTMAN, ( P . ) b . Lovell,Maine

,July (1 . New York,

Apri l 5,1906. A s a young man he began the prac t i ce of his profession

by the execu tion Of portrai ts in black and wh i te,show ing cons iderable

skill and meet ing wi th some success.

I ll 1849 he wen t abroad and shared the studio of Emanuel Leu tze at

Dusseldorf,Prussia. H e studied art four years at The Hague and then

proceeded to Paris. Returned to the Uni ted States in 1856.

H is first important works were “Card players”and

“S avoyard boy.

H e Opened a studio i ll New York upon returning to the Uni ted S tatesand was made a member of the National Academy of Design

,in 1860.

Here he painted those pic tures of Ameri can domest i c and Negro lifein which he so decidedly excelled . I ll accurate delineat ion of charac ter“The O ld Kentu cky home” is hard ly surpassed .

Tuckerman says : “I n h is delineat ion Of the Negro,Eastman Johnson

has ach ieved a pecul iar fame. One may find in his best pi c tures of th isclass a bet ter insigh t into the normal charac ter of that unfor tunate racethan ethnological discussion Often yields .

”

H e was a power in Ameri can art life to the very last . H e painted a

large number Of portrai ts,and his self-painted portrait

,painted in 1899,

is techn i cally superior to anyth ing execu ted by h im during the first fiftyyears of his l ife. (Artists of the N ineteenth Century . )

JOHN SON, MARSHALL, (P . ) b . Boston,Mass . pupi l of the Lowell Insti

tu te ; member of the Boston A rt C lub and Cop ley Society . Address : 184Boylston S treet

,Boston

,Mass .

P ainter of“Un i ted States Frigate Consti tu tion .

JOHN STON, JOHN H uM rH RE Y s, (P . ) b . New York

,November 2

,1857 .

S tud ied art under John LaFarge. I ll 1899 he wen t to P aris where he‘e r Lefebvre and Doucet

,and later to Madrid ; has resided

‘

ce and I taly since,and has a studio in Veni ce .

Wres,

“Domino Rose” is now owned in France,and the

. ller is in the Luxembourg .

“L igh t n igh ts in Norway”

J r the n igh t” are charac terist i c paintings .

In 1898 he painted the portrai t of S arah B ernhard t as “Lorenzaccio,

and the“Vision of S t . P au l at Lystra .

” S pain and Bri ttany.have fur

nished many Of the subjec ts he has u sed .

M r . Johnston was mad"" a chev a lier of the Legion of H onor i ll 1 901 .

I s associate member of the S oc ié té Nationale des Beaux Arts,Paris and

International Society Of P ainters,Gravers

, etc .

,London .

JONES, HUGH . BOLTON, (P . ) b . Baltimore,M d .

,Oc tober 20

,1848 .

S tudied art in France. Recei ved bronze'

medal at Paris Exposi tion 1889 ;

145

bronze medal at Paris Exposi tion 1900; \Vebb pri ze S ociety Ameri canArt ists 1902 ; Shaw fund pri ze 1902 ; gold medal at S t . Lou is Exposi t ion1904 . I s a member Of the National Academy . S pec ialty

,landscape.

H e visi ted Europe in 1876 and studied there four years,becoming a

member of the art ists’ colony at Pont Aven in B ri t tany,and traveling

in Spain,France

,England

,I taly and M orocco .

Princ ipal paint ings are

“Bri ttany T he road through the poplarsOc tober” “S ul llmer in the B lue R idge"

O n H erring Run “Spring”

M r . Jones’ paintings are in the Metropol i tan M uset ml

,New York ;

P eabody Inst i tu te Baltimore ; Erie A rt C lub ; Corcoran Gallery Of A rt.

VVfl Sll i l lg‘

tO I l ; S haw collect ion, Ph iladelph ia A rt Club .

‘H is work possesses sterl ing quali t ies of color and drawing,belongs

to the naturalisti c school and is widely known at home and abroad .

( Nat. Cyc . Am . Biog . )

JOSEPH I,I SAAC E .

, (Mi ll . P . ) b . New York Ci ty . P upi l of A rt S tudents’

League,New York ; also Of Leon Bannat in P aris . First presi den t Of

Ameri can Soc iety of Miniature P ainters ; member R oyal S oc iety of Mi lliature Painters

,London . M r . Joseph i is accredi ted wi th the conception

of the Ameri can soc iety . H is“Portrai t of a lady” Shown at the firs t

exhibi tion of the society was the subjec t Of mu ch controversy . S omeminiaturists insisted that i t was far too modern for their art ’s limi tations

,whi le others insisted that their art had no l im i tat ions.

KE ITH,W ILL IA M

, ( P .

,I . ) b . Aberdeen

,S cotland

,1839 ; (1 . Berkeley ,

C alifornia,M arch

,191 1 . When a lad he came to th is country with his

parents. Began his career i ll New York as a wood engraver ; afterwardworked for H arper .

I l l 1 859 M r . Kei th went to Cali fornia and began his ou t o f do orspainting ; sketched in black and wh i te and also did water co lo r wo rk .

I n 1869 he went to Dusseldorf,then to S pain .

H e was emp loyed by the Northern P acific Ra i lroad C ompany to paintsome Of the charac terist ic scenes along i ts route.

"S ome of h is redwood

pic tures are wery beautifu l,giving v i vid impressions of the magnificen t

s cenery of Californ ia,bu t pastoral scenes wi th d is tan t mountains are

his charac terist i c subjec t,and these he has rendered under many vary

ing condi tions Of ligh t and atmosphere .

’

(Nat . C vc . Am . Biog . )H e del igh ted in r i ch s trong color and in d ramati c aspec ts of natu re.

H is pa int ings are tonefu l,poet i cal and decorat i v e .

”(A r t P .

19

146

Keith ’s pain tings “deal with emotions aroused or suggested by land

scape under certain condi tions Of l ight and atmosphere.

”( Int . studio

H is paint ings are included i l l the permanent collec tions of the Chi

cago A rt Insti tu te, the B rooklyn Insti tu te, the Corcoran Gallery of A rt

and the National Gallery of A rt,Wash ington

,as well as in many pri

vate collec tions .

When George Inness v isi ted California in 1890 he made WilliamKei th ’

s studio h is headquarters .

KELLER,ARTHUR I .

, ( I . ) b . New York,July 4

,1866. Pupil of National

Academy of Design. under VVilmarth and Ward,Loefftz in M un i ch . H as

won many pri zes for drawings,water color

,i llustration and painting

and is a member of leading art clubs .

O f his i llustrations shown at the last annual exhibi t ion of the Societyof Il lustrators

,the International studio for December

,1912

,says :

'

They are so ably execu ted,so full Of techn i cal brilliancy

,of learning

in the value of accent and con trast,in the animating power Of spiri ted

brushwork,that one wonders if he migh t not make dancing composi tions

wi thou t the introduction of solid figures . H e

'

has a sense Of color,that

intu i t ive feeling for value that is essen tially a painter quali ty .

”

Among his best works are :

“At Mass”

The sisters”

Lead,kindly ligh t The

\

fin ish ing touches

Popular books that he has illustrated“The first Ameri can George “Hanging of the crane

,

” LongWash ington” fellowA poor man

” Legend of S leepy H ollow,

Autobiography of a quack IrvingThe Virginian” Bret Har t ’s stories

'

The righ t of way

KELLY, JAMES EDWARD, ( S .

,I . ) b . New York

,July 30

,1855 . H is first

pictures were histori cal composi t ions and from his earl iest ch ildhoodhe studied everyth ing he could find touch ing upon American history . In

1871 he was apprent i ced to a wood engraver and studied in the Academyof Design . Also studied with Theodore Robinson and Carl Hirschberg.

H e assisted in organ i z ing the A rt S tudents’ League. Entered the art

departmen t of H arper Brothers in 1873 and opened a studio withEdwin A . Abbey where they began illustrating for magaz ines . H is firststatuet te was Of “S her idan’

s ride.

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148

and wolves .

” Returning 1 0 New York he produced “S till hunt,

“Wolves,”“P anther and deer

,and l aven and coyote.

I ll 1892 he wen t to Ch i cago, execu ting there a number of large groupsfor the Columbian Exposi t ion . A lso modeled the large bronze lions infront of the Chicago A rt Inst i tu te building .

Julian H awthorne i ll 1884 in wri t ing of M r . Kemeys’art said that we

fin'

d “not mef ely nor ch iefly the accurate representat ion of the animal ’s

external aspec t,bu t what is vast ly more d ifficult to sei ze and portray—1

the essent ial animal character or temperament Wh ich con trols -and actuates the an imal ’s movement and behav ior H ere is an art ist whounderstands how to translate pose i ll to meaning, and ac t ion into u tterance

,and to selec t those poses and ac tions wh ich convey the broadest

and most comprehensi ve idea Of the subjec t ’s prevailing truth .

”

(“Amer

i can wi ld animals in art .

” Century

KENDALL,MARGAR ET ST ICKNEY (M rs . Wi lliam S ergeant Kendall ) ,

(M i ll . P . ) b . S taten Island,N . Y .

,November 29

,1871 . I ’

upil of J. A ldenWeir

,Julius Rolshoven and VVillial ll S ergean t Kendall .

Recei ved bronze medal at S t . Lou is Exposi tion,1 904 . Member of the

Ameri can Society of Miniature P ainters .

KENDALL,WILL I A M SERGEANT

, ( P . ) b . S puyten Duyvil,N . Y .

,January

20,1869 . At the age of fourteen he was paint ing and model ing with

Thomas Eakins i ll Phi ladelph ia ; from seven teen to nineteen he workedin the A rt S tudents’ League

,New York

,then went to Par is where he

stud ied wi th Linc -Oli v ier Merson and later at the Ecole des Beaux Arts .

At twenty-one he exh ibi ted in the salon and the next year,1891 ,

recei ved honorable ment ion for his “Pen i tents .

” Th is pic ture has Ob

tained for h im se v eral medals and pri zes ; other paintings have brough th im flattering recogni t ion .

“Narc issa” won the H arris pri ze ;“Alison”

won the P ot ter Palmer gold medal and I s a member of the S O

ciety Of Ameri can Ar tists ; associate member of the N ational Academyof Design

,New York

,1 901 ; fu ll member, 1905 .

M r . K endal l . has been called the“pain ter of ch ildren .

” H is own

charming ch ildren are his models . I ll his mo ther and ch i ld subjec ts,he

shows the tender joy Of motherly love.

O ther favori te pictures are :

“A fairy tale” “The end of day”

Beatri ce “The seer”

_T hree portrai ts The cri t i c“A n interlude” " The green gnome“L ’A llegro

”and “I l Penseroso

149

M r . Kendall is that somewhat rare type of artist,a classical i l l tinl ist.

H is vision is eminently classi c . A ll his forms are general i zed from re

peated Obser v ation Kendall is not afraid of pu t ting into a pi cture a good deal that the memory contribu tes to the eye ; he is, one migh tsay, anti -impressionist i c .

”(Arts and D .

With ideals unimpaired,Kendall finds h imself today the master Of a

self-evolved technique eminently congenial to their interpretation .

”

(H arper 1 17 z568 . )“H e is a skilful technician Surfaces in his paintings are ex

quisitely rendered .

KINNEY,MARGARET WE ST

, ( I . ) (M rs . Troy K inney ) b . Peoria, I ll .

Pupil of A rt S tudents’ League of New York ; Julien Academy in Parisunder R obert-Fleury

,Collin

,Merson and Lefebvre. H as i llustrated

many books .

KINNEY,TROY

, ( I . ) b . Kansas Ci ty,M o . Pupil of New York School of

A r t. Member of Yale C lub Of New York . H as i llustrated “The whi teC hrist and i ll collaboration wi th Margaret W . Kinney “A ladder of

swords,

” “The ward of K ing Canu te,

” “B arlash of the guard”and other

books .

KIRK, MAR I A LOU I SE , ( P .

,I . ) b . Ph i ladelph ia

,P a .

,daugh ter of George

H . and Harr iet ( Craig ) Kirk ; studied at Philadelph ia S chool of Design .

and Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,Philadelph ia A rt Club .

Recei ved Mary Smi th pri ze at the Pennsylvania Academy Of the FineArts

,1894.

I s i llu strator Of “A li ce in Wonderland,

”and other ch ildren ’

s books ;also a portrai t painter .

Favori te pi c tures“Jack and Jill L i t tle Miss M udett

L i t tle B O Peep Mistress Mary”

L i t tle B oy Blue’ Queen of hearts

L i t tle Jack Horner Th is l i t tle pig”

KN IGHT, DAN IEL R IDGWAY (P ) b . Ph iladelph ia,P a .

,1850; of Quaker

parents. Few men who have won distinc t ion wi th the palet te and brushhave started under less favorable au spi ces ; a ban was placed under theparental roof on pi c tu res and mu s i c . H is grandfather was con v inced o f

his art ist i c talent,and through his influence R idgway was permi tted to

enter the classes of the Pennsy lvania A cademy of the Fine A r ts . Later ,with parental sanc t ion and support

,he was settled in Pari s . H e s tud ied

in the atelier Gleyre, then spent three years at the Ecole des Beaux Arts ;later studied at the Bri tish Academy , Rome ; returned to the Uni tedS tates and took a studio in P hiladelph ia for a time painting portraitsand

.

genre pic tures and teaching .

I n 1871 went to Paris and in 1873 with his fami ly mo v ed to Poissywhere he met Meissonier . This acquain tance ripened into warm friendship

,and M r. Knigh t ever afterward acknowledged the great French

painter as his master .H e received honorable mention at the Paris salon of 1884 ; th ird -classgold medal, Paris salon 1888 was honored wi th the Cross Of the Legionof H onor , France, 1889, and wi th the Cross of Saint Michael Of Bavaria1892 .

To the salon of 1873 he sent “The fugi t ives”and to the salon Of 1875 ,

Washerwomen .

”

The Shepherdess of Rolleboise,” “A summer e v en ing

,

” “O n the ter

race,

” “The gardeners’ daugh ter,

” “July morning

,

” “Qu ietude,

”and

'

Curiosi ty ,” are all salon pi c tures,and gi ve a fair idea of the charac ter

of his work .

“These fami liar wi th Knigh t ’s paint ings will recognize in them a. sort

of fam ily resemblance,due to likeness of models and simi lari ty of land

scape backgrounds .

”

H e is for the mos t part the painter Of a single class of modelsdemure li t tle peasant girls wi th their wooden shoes and pi c turesque cos

tumes .

“H e glories in the fac t that he is a painter Of popular pic tures,in which happy conceptions successfully worked out meet publ i c ap

proval and command publ i c patronage.

”(Brush P .

KNOX,S USAN R I CKER

, (P . ) b .

,Portsmou th

,N . H . She received her art

training in the art schools of Ph iladelph ia and New York ; also studiedin Europe ; is a member of several art soc iet ies and her paint ings havebeen exhibi ted in t he larger c i t ies of the Uni ted States .

Miss Knox is known as a painter of portrai ts and especially the pertrai ts Of children .

“In the painting of hair,Miss Knox is particu larly happy Miss

Knox has been at work for a number of years on a series Of canvasesdepi cting some special phase Of motherhood where the spiri tual relationis expressed as well as the physical The usurper” is a charmingexample of Miss K nox ’

s art. ( Int. studio 49 :1xxvi i . )

KONT I, ISIDORE, ( S . ) b . Vienna, Austria, July 2, 1862, of Hungari anparents. Entered the Imperial Academy at the age of sixteen ; won

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JOHN LA FARGE .

153

A few Of his paint ings are known as

“Launch ing the boat” “The parting word

With migh t and main Winter”

After the storm” H o isting sai ls

( Int. studio 52

KOST,FREDER ICK W .

, (P New York,May 15 , 1861 . P upil Nat ional

Academy of Design . Recei v ed honorable ment ion at Paris Exposi t ion,bronze medal at P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion

,B ud alo

,1901 ; silver

medal at S t . Lou is Exposi tion,1904 . A ssoc iate member of Nat ional

Academy,1900; full member in 1906. Member Society Landscape P aint

ers,Brooklyn

,N . Y .

Spec ial ty,landscapes and marines.

LADD,ANNA COLEMAN (M rs . Maynard Ladd ) , ( S . ) Recei ved her art

edu cation in Europe. She first exhibi ted in Boston,Philadelph ia and

New York in 1907 . Since then her work has been included i ll everyAmeri can exh ibi t of sculpture.

M rs. Ladd prefers imaginat ive subjec ts bu t she has modeled a numberof successful port rai t-busts and reliefs .

“The Ameri can,

” which first at trac ted though tful artists stands forthe un i versal human qual i t ies of strength

,determination and moral

force.

“Beasts of prey portrays the low earth side of man .

“P an”

and

“You th” personi fy the Ameri can spiri t of the woods .

“T he sull d ial”

and “Bird fountain”stand in an I talian garden in lVIanchester-by

-the

sea.

“H er work has not only originali ty bu t strength and unusual S ignifi

cance . Whi le it stirs the emot ions i t also provokes though t .” (AnnaSeaton-Schmid t in A rt P .

,July

,

Among Mrs . Ladd ’s later works is a bronze portrai t-bu st of E leanor

Duse. The famous I talian ac tress is also the owner of the“Wind and

spray” fountain .

H er group “The rock and the flower” was placed i ll the Fine Ar ts

building at the Panama-P acific Exposi t ion wi th a collec tion of her mar

bles and bronzes.

LA FARGE,JOHN

, (P .

,Mural and Stained -glass designer ) b . New York .

March 13,1835 ; (1. Prov idence

,R . I .

,No v ember 14

,19 10. H is bovhood

was spent in Newpor t,R . I .

,where his env ironment was such as to

foster and develop his strong sense of color . From his earliest you thflowers were his int imate and loving compan ions

,and from them he

154

learned the secret Of deli cate gradat ion and harmony of color . At theage Of twenty-one he went to P aris and entered the studio of Cou ture.

M r . LaFarge’

s work is so varied in subjec t,in feeling

,in scale

,it : is

executed in so many d itf erent mediums (he worked in O il,in water-color

and on wood ; was a mu ral decorator,a painter in stained glass and a

sculptor ) tha t generali zation is impossible.

A member of the National Academy Of Design Since 1869 .

H e received the honorary degree M . A . Yale, 1896 ; L . L . D . Yale,1901 ;

P rinceton,1904 . H e was an art cri t i c and lecturer

,as well as the most

learned painter of our t imes . From the myst ics of early China to thoseof Barbizon, the history Of paint ing was an Open book to h im . I t wasone Of his stronges t convict ions that color symbol i zes character and can

be made to express the h idden mean ing of th ings.

I n his purely imaginat ive works in O il,he drew from the realm of

fairyland and w i tch craft for subjec ts : “The pied piper of H amelin,

”

“The wolf charmer,” “The sorceress

,

” “The fisherman and the genii

,

The siren ’s song .

”

At a London exhibi t ion one of his landscapes was hung between a

Rousseau and a Delacroix,and the French government bestowed the

insign ia Of the Legion Of Honor upon his when he exh ibi ted the Watsonmemorial window at the Par is Exposi t ion in 1889 .

A triumph in mural decorat ion are his four paintings in the SupremeCour t room in the Minnesota state house ; and his “Ascension” in the

Church of the Ascension,New York , is one of the most beau t i ful things

done i ll modern rel igious mural painting .

I t was his color again that proclaimed his au thori ty in glass,and

recalls the richness and splendor of the O ld masters . H e invented the“opal ine glass”

and his new method for making stained glass windowschanged the entire art of glass stainer . H is masterpiece in glass workis the famous P eacock w indow now preserved in the A rt Museum at

Worcester,Mass.

“A great color ist who expressed in the language Of color all the

emot ion of the human soul . H e has placed an indelible mark u ponAmer i can art.

”(Jarves

“Art idea ”)

“With his mastery Of color he created new forms of devot ional beau tyunsurpassed since the renaissance.

”(A rt and P .

“H e had probably the most complex nature in our artisti c h istory, andindeed he had in th is respec t no parallel among the masters Of his timeabroad .

”( Cortissoz . )

LAMB,CHARLE S R OLL I SON

, ( S tained-glass designer ) , b . New York .

S tudied art at the A rt Students’ League of New York . S pecialty : re

ligious and muni c ipal art.

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156

Peter’s Church , New York . Designed the window in Emerson Memorial

Chapel,Ti tusvi lle

,P a.

-“Friendship

”(Dav id and Jonathan ) , “Rel igion”

is an especially fine window in the Jones Memorial L ibrary,Lynchburg ,

Va . ; as is also“Gloria in excelsis” his mural painting in the Sage

Memorial Chapel at Cornell University .

H is most important recent design is a series Of eigh t windows in theO ld P lymouth Church , Brooklyn, N . Y .

’

H ampden and Pym appealing for the Bill of R igh ts before Charles IMi lton wri t ing the plea for the l iberty of the pressJohn Robinson ’

s prayer on the Speedwell— Departure of the Pi lgrimsfrom Delfshaven”

“The signing of the Compac t on board the M ayflowerT he landing Of the Pilgrim sFounding H arvard College”

John E liot preach ing to the Ind iansCromwell announcing to George Fox personal l iberty of worsh ip .

Besi des these,are three other windows

,Showing in the central one,

Abraham L incoln as president ; on one side,H enry Ward Beecher

speaking on the platform Of Exeter Hall, London, in favor of the antislavery bill

,on the other

,Harriet Beecher Stowe in a group of women

prominent in the movemen t for the h igher edu cation of women . Th iswork is gorgeous in color and beau t ifully harmon izes with the architec

ture and decorat ive scheme Of the church .

“There is a human qual i ty in the art of th is artist and even where theu tmost convent ionali ty of form has to be respec ted

,there is a story wi th

pic turesque surroundings. ( Craftsman 13

LATHROP,FRANC I S

, (Mural P . ) b . at sea near the Hawai ian Islands,June 22

,1849 ; d . lVoodclifie Lake

,N . Y .

,Oc tober 18

,1909 .

I n 1 862 he went to Dresden, Germany, and studied paint ing at the

Royal‘

A cademy of Fine Arts ; afterwards studied in London with FordM adox-Brown and S ir Edward Burne-Jones and acted as assistant toR . Spencer S tanhope and Wi lliam Morr is

,devoting spec ial at tention to

stained -glass work . After 1873 was engaged in portrai t and decora tivepainting .

Among his ch ief decorat ive works are the mural paint ings ent i tledThe Ligh t of the world”

over the al tar Of S t . Bartholomew ’s Church .

Apollo”over the prosenium of the Metropoli tan opera house, New

York ; “Moses with the tablets of the Lord”a wall-painting in the

Bowdoin chapel,Brunswick

,M e.

For the Marquard memorial window in Princeton college chapel, herecei ved a gold medal in 1889 .

157

Mr. Lathrop execu ted many mural pain tings and much stained-glasswork for numerous churches and residences in New York , Albany , B os~

ton, Baltimore and other c ities .

A member of the Nat ional Academy of DeS lgn, 1906 ; also a member of

the leading art societies and clubs .

LAUBER,JOSEPH , (P .

,S .

,E .

,Mural P . and stained -glass desi gner ) b .

lVestphalia, Germany, August 31 , 1856. Pupi l of Walter Shirlaw and

Wi lliam M . Chase,in painting . H e assisted John LaFarge i ll scu lptural

decorations of Cornel ius Vanderbi lt’s residence, 1882 execu ted a numberof etch ings, 1887-94

,and has painted a conception of the Christ wh i ch

has been widely noti ced .

Among his best known mural painting and stained glass work are

“Redemption” window,Westminster Presbyterian church

,B loomfield ,

N . J.

“The p ilgrimage of life,” First Congregational church , Montclair, N .

Christ’s admoni tion to Thomas Window,Church of the Ascension,

New York .

“Christ before the doc tors,” Lutheran Church

,New York .

Christ as the True Vine” window ,Church Of Transfigurat ion

,New

York .

“The S piri t of Grace and the S piri t Triumphan t window ,

Trin i tyChurch

,Lancaster

,Pa .

“Hope,

” Presbyterian Church,Lafayet te avenue

,Brooklyn

,N . Y .

S t . Agnes,

” S t. Andrew ’s Methodist Episcopal Church

,West 76th S t.

New York .

“Te Deum w indow,S t. Pau l’s church

,R i chmond

,Va.

Adorat ion ( pai nting ) o v er the al tar,Trini ty Church

,Ossining , N . Y .

Virtues Of the uprigh t judic iary,

” panels in court room,appellate

court bu ilding,New York .

“P syche at the spring” window in the library. of J. P . Morgan .

Greek dance” mural pa int ing in the l ibrary Of W h i telaw Reid,New

York .

LAWSON,ERNE ST

, ( P . ) b . California, 1873. H e studied art in Franceand has won many prizes for h is paint ings . A n associate member of

the National Academy Of Design s ince 1908 .

M r. Lawson ’

s work is di st inc t ly i l llpl'

e ssionistic

“

NO Ameri can painter of the dav contains more of the quali t ies ,such

quali t ies as are p ic tu red w i th charm and ligh t,admired by the order

of connoisseur in preponderance M r . Lawson is a painter Of the

158

order of Rembrand t and Monticelli— a t raditional colorist and in no

sense an inventor H e is nearer to the Renaissance than to the

moderns H e has added quali ty to the color Of Manet anddone it because his love of air

‘

or Of ligh t is combined wi th a sensuous

real i zation of the weigh t of materials If he is not the . greatest ,he is one Of the greatest American landscape painters.

”(Arts D .

“Lawson has a very good impression ist i c canvas,at t imes metallically

inharmon ious, at others competently imi tat i v e of nature.

”

(Forum 55 :

LE IGH,W I LL IA M R OB IN SON

, (P .

,I . ) b . Berkeley county

,W . Va .

,Sep

tember 23,1866 . H e studied art at the Maryland Inst i tu te

,Bal timore,

and in Mun i ch . H is paintings recei v ed honorable ment ion in the Parissalon of 1 892 and sil v er and bronze medals from the Mun i ch Academy .

M r. Legh depi cts scenes of ranch l ife in the west and desert episodes .

A reproduction in colors Of “P oisoned pool” appeared in the Amer i canmagazine

,March

,1913

,and withou t seeing the original

,the direc tors

of the Muni ch galleries cabled their agent in the Uni ted States to securei t for their exhibi tion . A s a represen tat i v e of the western type Of artfor the Anglo-Ameri can exh ibi tion at London last year,

“The stampede”

was selec ted by M r . Hugo Reisinger .

'

T he Great S piri t” also at trac tedmuch interest at last summer exh ibi tions .

O ther notable scenes of western life are

“An argument with the sheriff'

Sacred Mountain of ZuniS unset over the Badlands”

The O ld storyRoping’

M r. Leigh ’s canvases gi v e an impression Of immense space and possess

a deep feel ing for the finer romance Of nature.

”

H is work is almost invariably compared or contrasted , as may be the

convic tion of the cri ti c,wi th that of Frederi ck R emington .

”( Cur . op.

57

LE R O Y,AN ITA

, ( P .

,S tudied at the Pennsyl v ania Academy Of

the Fine Arts, Phi ladelph ia, and under Whistler in Par is . H as ex

hibited in the large c i ties of the Un i ted S tates . M ember Of the P lasticC lub

,P h i ladelph ia.

A few popular paintings are

“Dutch canal and boat” “Dutch woman sweeping snowDutch ch ildren”

Dutch fisherman

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160

Longfellow,John Brown and others are well known to visi tors of her

s tudio in R ome. The Marquis of Bu te bough t her “Madonna wi th theInfan t Christ

,

”al l altarpiece. H er groups illustrating Longfellow

’s

poem of“H iawatha”

are charming bi ts,poet i c , simple and natural and

“no happier i llustrations of Longfellow ’

s most original poem ,were ever

made than by the Indian sculptor . (Revolu t ion, April,

L IE , JONAS, (P . ) b . Norway,April 29

,1880

,comes from a fam ily noted

for genius in one form or another .When twelve years of age his father dies and after spending a year

wi th h is famous uncle in Par is,he came to Ameri ca to join his mother

who was an Ameri can and he has resided here ever since.

H e at tended evening classes of the Academy O f‘

design and also d id

hard work in the n igh t school Of the A rt Students’ League. Wh ile stilla student at the academyhe sen t a canvas

,

“The gray day” to the jury .

The pic ture was ac cepted and well hung . Three years later he sent a

paint ing to the exhibi t ion of the Pennsylvania Academy and it was not

only accepted bu t purchased by William M . Chase. H e was awarded a

si lver medal at the S t. Lou is Exposi t ion for h is “Mill race,

”and is now

represented i ll many of the best pri vate and publ i c galleries in America.

H e likes best to paint a snow-covered h i llside wi th a gray leaden sky

There is a force about his work,a mastery of composition wh ich

goes far to atone for an occasional artificial ity Of expression or crudi tyof coloring H e l ikes nature in mot ion he likes the wh irlof wind and storm through h I s p i c tures Jonas L ie has found out

the secret Of his art which sends a gale across canvas from frame toframe.

”(Craftsman

This painter knows how to handle bridges .

I nt. studio 53 l in comment ing on American art in recent exh ibi tionat S hepherd ’

s Bush,says : “Jonas L ie gives a glorious rendering of

New York ’s skyscrapers after dark . I t comes near to justifying the

c laims of the art ist ’s friends. I t is majestic and h igh ly romantic . Lookat the original at 6 O ’clock on a winter evening from the North riverand you will see l ike majesty in a l ine that no other part Of the worldcan compete in .

”

A recent exhibi tion of Mr . L ie’s O il paint ings displayed seventeen

subjec ts the treatment of which is described as remarkably effec tive.

“

To meet the day" has a bri lliant crimson sky over a wide S tI i L-LCh of blue

and green sea .

There were fish ing scenes,near shore, landscapes and flower composi

tions.

“Jonas L ie has the real painter ‘

s vision in his pic ture ‘Lower Bay, ice

161

bound .

’ A flower composi t ion of h is,too

,is remarkably strong in color

and pleasing in arrangement . ” ( Int. stud io 54 zcxii . )The American A rt News in wri t ing Of his notable group of paint ings

of the Panama Canal says tha t he has succeeded in portraying the ma

terial side of the canal wi th the same convincing force as he has his

landscapes. H is“H ea v enly host” is dramati c

,

“The conquerors

,

”a valu

able record ;“Across the canal” has bigness and breadth

,

“P alms in thewind

,

” grace and mo vement,Gatun H ill

,

”true art ist ic qual i ty

,and

“Cu lebra Slide” is painted from an original and interest ing v iew poin t .

LINDE,OSSI P L .

, (P . ) b . Russia,bu t for many years a naturali zed

ci t i zen of the Uni ted States . A pupil of the A rt Inst i tu te,Ch icago

,he

also studied wi th Laurens in Paris and received honorable ment ion in

the Paris S alon ; has won many medals and pri zes .

A s a ch ild in Russia he painted war pic tures on strips Of paper and

made statuet tes Of soldiers out of soft stone and sold them to boy friendsfor mil i tary bu ttons Of wh i ch he ac cumulated a fine assortment .In 1902 he purchased his first box of Oi ls from a fellow -student in

Bruges ; with these he pain ted his first p ic ture in Oils in the market place.

I t was accep ted by the salon j udges and well hung ; in 1910 he receivedthe gold medal .M r . L inde has been called the “

eulogist of Bruges and Veni ce.

“H is color is luscious bu t restri c ted

,his technique free and unfat igued

Added to gem -l ike qual i ty of color, h is shadows are luminous,his figu res well drawn and modeled , his houses sol id ly painted .

”( I nt .

studio 55 :xiv. )

L INDER,H ENRY

, ( S . ) b . Brooklyn, N . Y .

,S eptember 26

,1854 ; d . Brook

lyn,N . Y .

,February 7

,1910. At fifteen he was apprent iced to a marble

firm,and when seventeen wen t wi th h is mother to Germany . H e studied

art with Adam Bock of Lauterecken, then went to Muni ch and studiedthree years wi th Prof . Knabel, direc tor of the Mun i ch Academy . Ayear’

s study in Rome followed ; he returned to N ew York in 1878 . Amember of the Nat ional Scu lpture Soc iety, National S oc iety of Craftsmen and of the Albrech t Durer Verein .

M r . L inder was eminently successfu l i ll ch i ld figures . A memorialexhibi t ion of h is works was held at the Ameri can Fine Arts Bu i ldingunder the auspi ces Of the Nat ional S cu lpture S ociety in Apr il, 19 10.

LITTLE,J. WE SLEY

, ( P . ) b . Fork v i lle,P a .

,Augu s t 24, 1 867 . S tud ied

art at the National Academy of Design, New York and wi th LeonardO chtman ; also s tudied in Europe in 1899 and in 1905 . I s a member of

21

1 62

the Wash ington Water Color Club,P hiladelph ia S ket ch Club

,Ph ila

delph ia Wa ter Color Club and Ch icago Water Color Club . Specialty,landscapes .

Some of his best known pictures are

“A Dartmoor border” Green and goldVVestman

’s wood” P arting day”

“A De v onsh ire lane Under au tumn Skies’

Late pasture” Threshold of nigh t”" Breakfast”

LOEB,LOU I S

, (P .

,I .

,b . Cleveland , O .

,November 7

,1866 ; d . Can ter

bury,N . H .

,Ju ly 12

,1 909 . A n i llustrator

,et cher and figure painter .

S tudied under Gérome in P aris . Exh ibi ted in the Par is salon of 1895,

and recei v ed honorable mention ; also th ird medal in 1897,H allgarten

pri ze of the National Academy of Design,1 902

,and Webb pri ze of the

S ociety Of Ameri can Art ists,1 903. W as elec ted assoc iate member of

the Nat ional Academy of Design,in 1901 ; full member in 1906.

I l l h is“ Temple of the winds

,sunset” a work Of distinc tion ,

the drawingis full Of Spiri t , and the pure coloring and sense Of air and sunset ligh tare v ery fascinat ing .

“The breeze”

was more of a success,and “Morn

ing won the Carnegie pr i ze in 1905 .

O ther pic tures are

lossom ing

The siren”

The gilt Shawl

H e painted svnlbolical pitcures in which the landscape plays a greatpart .

LONGMAN,EVELYN BEATR ICE

, ( S . ) b . W inchester,O .

,November 31 ,

1874 . T o ligh ten her father ’

s burden of caring for a large fam ily she

found employment— at the age of fourteen— in a large wholesale housei ll C h i cago and at the same t ime at tended n igh t school at the A rt Inst itute. S ix years later she wen t wi th her savings to O l ivet College, Michigan , then retu rned to Chicago after a year and a half to become a pupilof Lorado Taf t . M iss Longman became a teacher and took charge Ofthe summer school of modeling . Going to New York She worked wi thH ermon A . M acNeil and Isidor Konti

,and later became a valued assist

ant ln the studio Of Dan iel Chester French .

H er first p iece Of importance was a“Victory” which She was chosen

to execu te for the S t . Loui s Exposi tion . Contrary to tradit ion she de

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164

in the studio of J. Q . A . Ward in New York ; later'

studied with Falguiere and at the Ecole des Beaux Ar ts

,Paris.

H e received first pri ze in a sun d ial competi t ion ; first pri ze in a flag

stafi compet i t ion in N ew York,and first pri ze for the M cKinley monu

ment at Fairmount Park , P h iladelphia . H e was a member of Societyof American Artists ; associate member of National Academy in 1906.

Mr . Lopez had just completed the working models for the M cK inley

memorial when he died from an operation . Th is work was done in

collaboration wi th the sculptor,Isidore Konti .

LOW,W ILL E I COK

, ( P .

,I .

,Mural P .

,S tained -glass designer ) b . A l

bany,N . Y .

,May 13, 1853. Pupil of Ecole des Beaux Ar ts under Gerome

and Carolus-Duran in Paris. H is pic tures in oil were exh ibited in the

Paris salon . In 1881 he became a teacher in the ant ique and life classesOf the VV

oman’s A rt School of Cooper Union . W as elec ted a member of

the National Academy of Design,1890. H is illustrations of Keats’

poems were exhibi ted at the Par is Un iversal Exposi t ion in 1889 , and wona medal .M r . Low acqu ired his first knowledge of stained-glass from John

LaFarge and has Since furn ished cartoons for stained-glass windowsfor many churches and publi c edifices . H e is also one of the beSt ex

ponents Of the art of mural paint ing,his ceiling decorations of the ladies

reception room in the Waldorf-A storia hotel , New York , gracefully en

t i tled “Homage to woman” being most noteworthy .

H is painting “The maids Of Cashmere” has for subjec t the Feast ofRoses, a charming oriental fete which Moore has pi ctured in “Lalla

Rookh .

”

M r . Low has also ach ieved success in l i terary pursui ts .

At a recent Ch icago A rt Exh ibi tion M r . Low made a thoroughly repre

sentative display Of his work ; one hundred and forty drawings, sketches,cartoons and easel-pic tures . Features of the display were the mon

ochrome illustrations for Keats’ “Lamia”and

“The Odes and sonnets,”

and the original studies for the celebrated decorations of the ball-roomof the Waldorf-Astoria hotel in N ew York .

LUCAS,ALBERT P IKE

, (P .

,S . ) b . Jersey City

,N . J. A s a ch ild he drew

plants and animals and modeled in clay . H e studied at the Ecole desBeaux Arts

,Paris

,under Heber t and Boulanger during the years 1882-8 ,

and was also a pupil of Courtois and Dagnan-Bouveret . Later he traveled in Holland

,Belgium and I taly

,studying the representative masters

of each country . Returning to France he made that country his homefor twenty years

, exh ibi ting regularly in the Paris salon . H e was made

65

a member of the S oc iete Nationale des Beaux Arts and h is well knownpainting “The call” held one of the places of honor . I t was laterawarded a medal at the P an-A ll

'

lerican Exposi t ion .

H is bronze bust,“Sambo

,a nat ive of A labama

,

” was exhibi ted at the

Paris Exposi t ion,1900 ;

‘E xtaze

,

”a beau tifu lly ch iselled head of a

woman also in bronze,is in the Metropoli tan Museum

,New York Ci ty ;

“Laughing faun is one of h is recent sculptured works .

“Golden madonna” is so called from the wonderful golden ligh t .S ll sette

” is a charming delineat ion of ch ildish charac ter .

“The red

Shaw l,

”now in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts

,was placed in the

“honor c ircle” in the Paris salon a few years ago .

“The marvel of all th is artist’s work ( painting ) is his management

of d ifiused ligh t . There is never a sense of the ligh t streaming on the

canvas reflec t ing from wall ormirror ; i t comes out through the paint ingand radiates beyond i t I t is always the lyri c note in Mr. Lucas’

work,never the dramati c

,the tragic

,the morbid .

”( Craftsman

“T o a lover of lyri c poetry

,of fairy s tories

,of M acDowell musi c , the

art of Albert Lucas wi ll most strongly appeal . ” ( I nt. studio 54 :xxi i i . )

LU K E M AN, (H ENRY ) A UGU STU S, ( S . ) b . R i chmond

,Va .

,January 28

,

1871 . H is parents took up their residence in New York City when he

was a boy. H e supplemen ted h is art studies at the National Academyof Design wi th a course in anatomy at Bellevue Hospi tal . After th istechn i cal preparat ion he became a pupil and later an assistant of DanielChester French

,doing some of the group work at the World ’

s ColumbianExposi t ion ; he also studied in P ar is under Falguiere in the Ecole desBeaux Arts . P reparatory to his arch i tec tu ral collaborat ion he had a

course in arch i tec ture H is earliest work in th is line was two groups— “Peace”

and “Power — on the Memorial bridge at the P an-Ameri canExposition . Th is was followed by designs for the group “Musi c” and

the figures “Speed ,”“H eat

,

” “L igh t” and “Power”at the S t. Lou is

Exposi t ion.

H is arch i tec tural scu lpture for bu ildings in Pittsburgh , Boston and

New York are well known . The statue of“Mal lu ,

”the lawgi v er of Ind ia.

on the appellate court bu i lding,New York

,is a remarkable concept ion

and strik ingly effec t i v e as an example of arch i tec tural scu lpture . M r .

Lukeman is exceedingly versat i le as a scu lptor,doing equally well por

trai t busts,bas-reliefs

,memorials and monuments .

“M r . Lukeman has prac t i cal ly mastered the scu lptor ’

s ch ief problemof distribu ting broad

,S imple masses in their true relat ion to the smaller

and more decorative parts (Arch . rec. 35

166

LUK S,GEORGE BENJAM IN . (P . ) b . Wi ll iamsport

,P a.

,August 13, 1867 .

H is father, a physi cian,was a clever draugh tsman and his mother a

painter of talent . H e studied art at the Pennsylvan ia Academy of the

Fine Arts and in Dusseldorf,P arl s and London .

A radical worker in art,he has a disdain for art schools and conse

quently has li t tle or no academic train ing . H e is a natural draugh tsman,

however,and the charm of accuracy and po ise dist ingu ish his work .

Mos t of his work has been of the c i ty types . H e finds his subjec ts inthe debris of the human struggle. H e is the painter of the East Side of

New York . Luks sees art ist i c possib ili t ies in the dock laborers — bothman and an imal .

“The pat ient wai t ing horses

,the gray overcast river

and the straining movements of the men as they work are registeredupon the canvas with aston ishing rapidi ty and fidel i ty . ( Craftsman

I ll 1907 the National Academy of Design refused at its annual exhi

bi tiou to accept a can v as of Mr . Luks,notwi thstanding R obert Henri

made a spiri ted appeal for recogni tion of th is artist’s work .

“With a grim and appall ing psychologi c power of a Gorky he paintscreatures such as Higgins paints

,bu t wi thou t H iggins’ dramati c efl ects .

”

“A S a painter he u ses his palet te with a riotous disposi tion of tone

H e sees nature with warmth and v i tal i ty,and his work is full of

ligh t and shade .

”

“H is method,perhaps

,resembles Millet ’s. I t is l ikely that if Millet

painted streets and cafes instead of meadows and peasan ts’ hu ts,he

would have painted them very much as Luks palnts them .

”

H is mos t admired pi c tu re is “The spielers — a joyous canvas-move

men t,the dominating note.

“O ld clo thes man is impressive for “ its digni ty of composi tion, its

lustre of color and abo v e al l for its character .

”( I nt. studio

H is recent Parisian sketches have been referred to as“pencil bio

graph ies”of P arisian types

,and as qu i te super ior to his earlier work .

“P aris seems to have made George Luks more qu i ck of eye and morecertain of hand than he has e v er been before. There is noth ing maudlinor sent imental abou t his drawings . H e never pi ties or patroni zes theri ch or poor . No ni ce l i t tle socialisti c sermon is tu cked away in any

of his studies . They never suggest the posed model of the studio . H is

personages are caugh t— working or playing— haphazard in the streetor in the cafe.

”

“George Luks knows the Slums and his canvases are vibrant wi th thatknowledge.

”(B ookm . 34

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168

M r . M cCarter seems essentially equipped for the pic torial interpretation of poetry ; he has the most sent ient appreciation of both delicacyand strength and a love of nature that is almost archaic . To thesequal i t ies he adds a psychology of beau ty that is v ividly real and throughthem all he gets the dramati c and forceful wi th still a persuasive graceand elusi veness.

”(B km . 1 1

“A colorist of exqu isi te clari ty of tone, the value of which is apparenti ll his black and wh i te medium .

“H e does not so mu ch suggest a pronounced individuality as he con

veys a pervasive ident i ty,a conscious medium of nature and life.

”

H is illustrat ions of Verlaine’s poems,notably “Claire de Lune”

and

Le piano”are veri table tr iumphs of suggest iveness in the sense that the

French symbolist poets apply the word . Of special technical interestwas also his

“Easter hymn .

MACDONALD,JAME S ALEXANDER W ILSON

, ( S . ) b . S teubenville,Oh io,

August 25,1824 ; d . Yonkers

,N .

’

Y .

,August 14

,1908 .

A St . Lou is publisher at the age of thirty devoted h imself to art. H e

made the first portrai t-bust cu t in marble west of the Mississippi— thatof S enator James T . Benton of Missouri . After the civi l war he cameto New York and his bust of Charles O ’

Connor is in the appellate court ;and that of James. T . Brady is in the law library

,wh ile his bronze statue

of Fi tz-Greene Hal leck is in Central Park and his Wash ington Irving inP rospec t Park

,Brooklyn . (Ameri can art annual

,vol .

MACEW EN,WALTER

, (P .

,Mural P . ) b . Chicago

,I ll .

,February 13

,1860.

Pupil of Cormon and Robert-Fleury in Paris. Received honorable mention in Paris salon of 1886 ; Silver medal, Paris Exposi tion, 1889 ; silvermedal

,London

,1890; gold medal from ci ty of Berlin, 1891 ; medal of

honor,Antwerp

,1894 ; small gold medal, Munich , 1897 large gold medal,

Munich,1901 medal Vienna

,1902 Lippincott prize

,Philadelph ia, 1902 ;

gold medal Liege,Belgium ; chevalier of Legion of Honor of France ;

offi cer,1908 ; cheval ier Order of S t . Michel

,Bavaria ; officer Order of

Leopold,Belgium

,1 909 . Associate member of National Academy of

Design, New York, 1903. First vice-president of the Paris Society of

American Painters.

“Paints interiors wi th delicate ligh t,moist sea air and monotonous

dunes wi th laborers returning in the evening from their work .

”

(M ii ther. )Successful in the l igh ting of hi s subjec ts drawn from the private l ife

of the Du tch bourgeoisie,wh ile his portrai ts are excellen t— well drawn

and well painted .

169

Woman of the empire exh ibi ted i ll the Pari s salon of 1903 is re

markable for its unusual finish rather than for original i ty or force of

conception .

“H olland interior”and

“The secret” are two popu lar works .

“P hyll is” is a prize pic ture .

O ther paintings are

“The yellow robe” At the window

'

The betrothed'

The let ter”

The secretary”Confidences

Judgmen t of Paris H ead of young Dutch girlIdyl of summer” At the burgomaster ’

s”

The Shepherdess

I t is M acEwen’s consummate abili ty to represen t textures and to

produ ce a sof t harmonious effec t that imparts charm to the canvas.

”

(Brush P .

H is mural decorat ions in the L ibrary of Congress are a series illustrating the stories Of Greek heroes . (Brush 8: P .

MCLANE,MYRTLE JEAN (M rs . John C . Johansen ) , (P .

,I . ) b . Ch icago ,

S eptember 14,1878 . S tudied in the A rt Insti tu te, Chicago, and under

Duveneck and Chase. H as illustrated for Harper’s and S cribner’

s magaz ines . S tudio residence is in N ew York Ci ty .

H er“Mother and ch ild”

was awarded the S haw prize and given a

place of honor at the annual exh ibi t ion of the Nat ional Academy of De

si gn,New York ; She has also -won several other pri zes .

“H er work is strong

,colorful and convinc ing .

”(A rt P . 3

'

O u the h illtop”exh ibi ted at the P aris salon

,was part i cularly attrae

tive.

“I t was a buoyan t can v as,alert wi th the abounding wholesomeness

and Spac ious exhilarat ion of the upper air .

“The impression that her art creates is of breadth of v ision and clearcomprehension . These quali t ies are felt in her standing portrai t “Girlin gray” w i th wh i ch She first at trac ted parti cular not ice.

”

“Wholesomeness is a dist inguish ing quali ty of her art. (H arp .

M ACLAUGH LAN,DONALD S HAW

, (E . b . Boston, Mass ,November 9

1876. S tudied art with W . D . H amil ton later went to P aris to cont inuehis studies .

R ecei ved Silver'

medal for etch ing at the P an-Amer i can Exposi t ion ,

Buffalo,

medal of honor, Limoges, 1903 ; bronze medal at S t. Lou isExposi tion

,1904. A member of the P aris Ameri can Artists S oc iety .

M r . Frederi ck Wedmore,in a lec ture on

“E tch ing deli vered January23

,191 1

,before the R oval S ociety of Arts, said “America. since

170

Whistler,has given us one etcher of importance

,M r . M acLaughlan .

I ll the Short period of M r . M acLaughlan’s ac tivi ty— he has been be

fore the publi c less than ten years— he has catalogued more than sixtyetch ings and d ry

-poin ts .

One of the Internat ional studio ’s cri t i cs wr i tes : “Looking at the etch

ings now reproduced one is qu i ckly conv inced of th is truth— that evencoming after the greatest among the masters such as Durer

,Rem

brand t, Callot, Meryon ,t istler

,S eymour-Haden

,Flameng and Buhot

,

an artist endowed as M acLaughlan is endowed wi th the feeling of

modern i ty and strong in his impeccable craf tsmanship,may yet be able

to add a personal page to the h istory of engraving .

”

Minu teness added to a broad and sure sense of general effects ; h ere in

few words is the essence of his art.

H is“Lau terbrunnen”

was found by one cri t i c to be “one of the few

pi ctures that reali ze the vastness of the mountains Space,sweep ,

grandeur,rudeness and power are found in th is remarkable plate wh ich

also is beau tifully obedient to the canons of the art .

”(W eitenkampf . )

M r . M acLaughlin has found his princ ipal subjec ts in the streets of

P aris,although Parma

,Pavia

,Bologna

,Tuscany

,Roman Campagna,

Tivoli,Neapol i tan distri c t all in turn have at trac ted h im .

M ACM ON N I E S,FREDER I CK W ILL IA M

, ( S .

,P . ) b . Brooklyn

,N . Y .

,S ep

tember 28,1863. At the age of S ixteen he at trac ted the at tent ion of

Augustus Saint -Gaudens who recei v ed h im as an appren ti ce in his

s tud io ; later he wen t to Paris and Muni ch where he spen t some timestudying painting which he considered so closely allied to sculpture as

to be a. necessary preparation . On a second trip to Europe he en teredthe atelier Falguiere in the E cole des Beaux Arts, also worked in the

pri vate studio of Anton io Merc ie.

I ll P ar is he speedily ach ieved the most gratifying success, carrying off

for two successi ve years the prix d ’atel ier

,the h ighest award for wh ich

foreigners in France may compete . Among the many flat tering recogni

tions of h is gifts are decorat ions of the Legion of Honor of France, andthe cross of Sain t M i chael of Bavar ia ; he has also won the first prize of

the National S chool of Fine Arts . A member of the National Academyof Design

,1906.

I ll 1889 his first exh ibi t, a D iana

,

”obtained honorable mention from

the P aris salon . H e exh ibi ted in the'

salon of 1 891 the statues of NathanH ale and James S . T . S tronahan and was awarded a second gold medal,this being the firs t and only time that an Ameri can sculptor has at

lained that honor .

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172

Taft says : There are few American sculptors who manipulate the

clay as charm ingly as does M r . M acNeil . H is work is full of delightfultouches and feli c i tous passages

, yet the firm construction is never sacrificed to the superficial graces Two busts of women modeled byh im are among the finest works yet produced by an American— HerbertAdams alone has surpassed the “Agnese” “Beatri ce” is less beaut iful in execu tion .

”

MACOMBER,MARY L .

, (P . ) b . Fall R i ver,Mass

,August (1.

Boston,Mass

,February 4

,1916. Pupil of Duveneck and Boston Mu

seum of Fine Arts. Spec ialty,ideal figures.

With the exception of a few weeks in England,France and H olland ,

her life was spent in the Uni ted S tates.

H er ancestors were New England orthodox wi th direc t and easilytraceable l ine from the Plymouth Pilgrims . She was Shocked becausethe religious atmosphere of her earl iest creations caused some to th inkher a R oman Catholi c and She gave up the rel igious subjec ts of the old

masters and began the delineat ion of her ideals by means of wingedfigures representing allegories of love. Th is style giving rise to the

charge of sentimental i ty, She abandoned the winged figures for her

present types.

Many of her pi c tures in recent years have been in the panel form ,and

as decorat ions have proven h ighly sat isfac tory . H er“H our of grace,

“An Easter carol” and“The magdalen”

are among such works.

Miss Macomber’s early work shows the influence of the Burne-Jones

-tossetti-\Vatts school and in su ch of her early creat ions as“Memory

comforting S orrow,

” “N igh t and her daugh ter Sleep,

” her partiali ty toth is group of idealists is plainly traceable.

In more recen t years,however

,her originali ty of subjec t is unques

tioned in such as

“Springtime The nightingaleL ife” Kissed fru i t”

S inging stars “Spring

( Charles A . Parker in I nt. studio 47 :lxi )

M ALBON E,EDWARD GREENE

, (M in . P . ) b . Newport,R . I .

,August 1777 ;

d . M ay 7 , 1 807 .

“\Vhat Gi lbert S tuart was to the larger por trai ture of

Amer i ca,such was Edward Green M albone to the miniature work of his

native land .

”

From childhood he was ambitions to become an artist,and at the age

of seventeen he was working professionally drawing heads in miniature ;and in the spring of 1796 he was fairly established as a miniature

173

painter in Boston . Meet ing Washington Allston,a strong friendsh ip

was formed wh i ch lasted during the l ife of the younger artist . I n 1800

Malbone and A llston wen t sou th where the former painted many miniatures . Later they went to London where Benjamin West

,then presi

dent of the Royal Academy,gave them a cordial reception . Here Mal

bone painted his celebrated pi c ture known as“The hours.

” I t is uponi vory and is exqu isi te in composi t ion and color . I t is now owned bythe Athenaeum at Providence

,R . I . Of this ach ievemen t Benjamin West

said : “I have seen a pi cture painted by a young man named M albone

wh ich no man in England could excel .”

Th is pi c ture remained for nearly a hundred years an isolated exampleof Ameri can art

,when its influence was worth i ly carried out by M r . W .

J. Baers ’ “Aurora”and “Golden hour

,

”and the interest ing figure pieces

by Lu cia Fairch ild Fuller .

“H e had the happy talent

,

” wri tes Allston,of elevating the charac ter withou t impairing the likeness. (H eirloom sin m iniatures” Anne Hollingswor th Wharton . )

“M albone was easily at his best in portrai ture. H is famous com

posi tion “The hours”now Owned by the Athenaeum at Providence is re

markable for its brilliancy and harmony of coloring and execu tion. M al

bone’s repu tation rests on the correc t drawing and acu te discernment

of charac ter always present in his portrai ts,coupled wi th harmony and

truth in coloring. ( Serib . 47

MAN SH IP,PAUL

, ( S . ) W as born in St . P aul/M inn .

,and is abou t 30

years of age. While attending school in h is nat ive c i ty he became interested in model ing and dec ided to be a sculptor. Later he had instructions from Charles Grady

,the sculptor

,and won in 1909 the R oman

pri ze of the American Academy wh ich gave him three years’study in

Rome and also travel in Greece. Abou t two years ago he returned tothe Uni ted S tates and his bronzes at once became the most attrac tivefeature of art exh ibitions .

At a recent exh ibition of the National Academy of Design his “Cen

taur and Dryad” took the Helen Foster Barnet t pri ze ( the only prizeoffered by the academy for scu lpture. ) Four rep li cas of th is bronzegroup have been made ; the M etropol i tan M useum of New York has pur~

chased one,bu t the original is now owned by the Detroi t Museum of

A rt.

‘What impresses the observer of M r . M anship’s work is the combina

t ion in i t of classi c precision with western v irili ty and real ityThe bronze at the academy wh ich drew most comments from the art ists

was the one ent i tled “The awakening of spring .

”( O utl . 106 z335 . )

174

H is groups are full of the direc t observat ion of life and of an

essent ial moderni ty H e appl ies to figures an archaistic treatmen tin unarchaic freedom movemen t

,doing th ings that no archaic sculptor

wou ld have though t of making them do . (Nation“P layfulness”

as example represents the “Slim young mother wi th thewide-open archai c eyes sl igh tly upl if ted at the corners gayly playing at

ride-a-cock -horse wi th the baby .

”

I t is in h is fountain figure,

“The duck girl” (awarded the George D .

Widener memorial medal ) that he shows what he can really do .

“I tseem s to me an original work of true classi c inspiration which the

anc ients themselves wou ld have cared for as I do .

”

(Kenyon Cox . )

H is small bronzes are techn i cally exqu isi te,spon taneous and free in

their conception and fasc inat ing becau se so unu sual . (House Beautiful

A t the last exh ibi t ion of the P ennsyl v an ia Academy of the Fine ArtsM r . M ansh ip was represented by th irteen groups

,and he is referred to

as the new sculptor “

who is carrying everyth ing before h im .

”

( Int.

studio 52 :xi i i . )During the month of December

,1915

,an exh ibi tion of forty-four

pieces of scu lpture by M r . M ansh ip was held i l l the Detro i t Museum of

A rt . The following excerpts are taken from the bullet in issued by themuseum in January

,19 16 :

“The exh ibi tion co v ers a wide range of themes

,the treatment

i

of whichShows M r . M ansh ip to be a man of ideas and versat ili ty . H e seems tolook at things

,primarily

,from the standpoint of design

,and i ll carrying

out his i deas he has adopted certain suggestions of the anc ient past , andadapted them to h is treatment of modern decorat ive themes . In someof his things one finds a suggest ion of that quali ty wh ich made the earlyChinese bronzes great ; o thers i ll the treatment of the hai r, and the

orderly and decorat ive arrangemen t of the drapery suggest archai cGreek . This expression of modern ideas i ll pr im i tive terms is most interesti l lg .

“Four panels in relief symboli z ing the elements,

“Fire,

” “Water,

“Earth,

”and

“A ir

,

” Show the qual i ty of the Scu lptor at his best“One finds in the ‘

Salome’of M ansh ip a charm of l ine and a verve sel

dom encountered in a representation of th is subjec t .”“The

‘Portrai t of a baby three weeks old,

’a h igh relief in colored mar

ble,is as decoratlve and plasti c as the best th ing of the I tal ian Renais

sance.

Through the work of M ansh ip one finds h im fasc inated with thean imal kingdom ,

and in using beasts and birds as the mot ives of h is

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176

MARSH,FRED DANA

, (M ural P . ) b . Ch icago,I ll .

,April 6

,1872 . Pupil

of A rt Inst i tu te, Ch icago . W on bronze medal,P aris Exposition

,1900;

si lver medal , Pan-Ameri can Exposi tion,B ufialo

,1901 ; bronze medal,

S t . Louis Exposi tion,1904 . Member Society American Artists. ASSO

ciate National Academy of Design,1906.

H is most notable work is a series of mural pain tings symbolic of

modern progress in engineering,execu ted for the New York Engineers’

Club .

MARTIN,HOMER DODGE

, (P . ) b . Albany,N . Y .

,Oc tober 28

,1836 ; (1. S t.

Paul,Minn .

,February 12

,1897 . Establ ished a studio in New York in

1862 . W as elec ted member of the National Academy of Design in 1874 .

H is first trip to Europe was made in 1876 when he met Whistler whopromptly recogni zed his qual i t ies as a painter and invited him to workin h is studio ; he resided in France during 1882-6.

Among his most importan t works are

“Wh i te Mountains from Ran “Morning on the Saranacdolph h ill” A fire-Slash lookout”

Lake Sanford A lake in the wi ldernessH onfl eur l ights Evening on the Thames”

“S ource of the Hudson Sand dunes of Lake Ontario'

O ld Normandy Manor The sun worshippersThe mussel gatherers” Golden sands”

O n the Seine”(H arp of the

winds )

Winchester h ills”and “Adirondack scenery are considered his mas

terpieces. H is painting The old church at Criqueboeuf” -Normandylandscape

g was called by M . Boutet de Monvel,the late well known

French painter,

“The greatest landscape ever painted in America.

” H e

further declared that it was equal to the best of R ousseau ’s work , and

yet was unlike anyth ing that Rousseau had done.

During his lifet ime his pi c tures did not sell or were purchased byadmiring friends

,among whom were artists

,cri tics

,edi tors

,poets

,musi

eiaus,physi cians and bankers

,bu t now it is prac tically impossible to

buy a really important example of his work .

“The harp of the winds,

” “The Normandy farm,

and “The Ad iron

dacks” were painted after he was practically blind ; the opti c nerve of

one eye was dead and a catarac t partly clouded the other . The storyof his failure to interest the buying publi c together wi th ill-health and

approach ing bl indness,is most pathet i c . H e never looked with bi tter

ness on the success of men far inferior to himself.

1 77

H is work is that of a poet painter,bu t of one who fel t more deeply

the grandeur of moun tain . Scenery than he did the pastoral beauty of

simple scenes.

” “More than one cri t i c has accorded to Martin the highest rank among the poet painters of Ameri can landscape.

”(Nat . Cyc .

Am . Biog . )Hartmann says : “H e was one of the men who brough t our landscape

art to its highest pinnacle of perfec t ion .

”

L iibke says : “I t was in his study that his composi t ion was made and

i t was there that he produced those astonish ing pieces of tru th in the

anatomy of h illside and rocky cliff i ll which no landscape painter hasever surpassed him .

”

MAYNARD,GEORGE W .

, (P .

,Mural P .

,I . ) b . Wa sh ington

,D . C .

,March

5,1843. A student at the National Academy of Design in 1868 . A year

later he went toAntwerp where in company w ith Franc is D . Millet heentered the Royal Academy of Fine Ar ts and studied under Van Lerius .

After four years in the academy and the museums of Belgium,he and

his friend made a trip through central and sou thern Europe,returning

to New York in the spring of 1874 . The following year he became assistant to John LeFarge in company with S aint-Gaudens, Millet and La throp in the interior decorat ion of Tr in i ty Church

,Boston

, the first important work of th is charac ter done in Ameri ca

,the meri t of which has

hardly been excelled .

In 1877 he again v isi ted Europe,making a spec ial study of mural

painting . H e was elec ted associate member of fthe Nat ional Academyof Design in 1881, full member in 1885 and taugh t drawing for manyyears in the schools of Cooper Inst i tu te and at the Academy .

In he won the Temple gold medal at Philadelph ia,and in 1888

the Ameri can A rt Association medal of honor was awarded to h im by theartist exh ibi tors. H is pic ture “Sappho” was purchased by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1889 and “Sirens” won the Evanprize.

Among his numerous pic tures are

“The angelus” S trange godsWater carriers of Veni ce O ld and rare

”

An anc ient mariner”

H e is a decorator in the truest sense. H e is broader than a regiment

of studio men,for he brings to his canvas a born colorist ’s pallette, and

a style and comprehension of what is purely beautiful beyond the merepret tiness of ordinary drawing room mot ives . H is pi c ture enti tled “ I ll

strange seas” is a captivat ing group of Sport ive sirens gambol ing amid

23

J . GAR I ME LCHE RS .

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180

of constantly difiused ligh t which atract him to Holland . I t was alsothe sterl ing ar tist i c tradi tion of the country i tself .”

H is frescoes “P eace”and

“W ar” in the Library of Congress at Wash

ington Share with Sargent’s frieze “

The prophets” in the Boston PublicLibrary

,the dist inction of being the finest frescoes in America.

Landscape painting is M r . Melchers’relaxation— “Green summer,

The arbor,

” “Winter,” “Under the trees

,

”are studies in sunl ight and

reflec tion .

Melchers was the first artist to apply for permission to copy the

Bott i celli frescoes when they were pu t in the Louvre.

H e has painted a great many portrai ts in America and abroad . Caffin

says : “Melchers is a search ing analyst,stating without comment of his

own,exac tly what he sees

,bu t— he sees below the surface.

”

Among his finest works are

“M arried”

Sainte Gudule“The communion

“S tevedore”

T he skatersA H olland ladyA fencer”

Audrey”

The nativi ty”

“The bride”

The weddingL i t tle Constance

The work of M r . Melchers is full of that essent ial quality— personali ty .

”( C . Lewis Hind in World ’

s work

MERR ITT,ANNA LE A (M rs . Henry b . Ph iladelphia, P a.

,

S eptember 13,1844 . Began paint ing at the age of twenty-one but never

had the advantage of academic training . She traveled four years on the

continent with her parents and sisters,and in 1871 exh ibi ted her first

pi cture,a portrai t

,at the Royal Academy London . Since then She has

been a constant exhibi tor at that insti tu t ion,and is a member of the

Society of Painter-E tchers,London . She married Henry Merrit, ar tist

and au thor,London, who died w i th in a few months

,and it was to fur

nish by her own hand etch ings for a memorial work to her husband thatShe learned to etch .

M rs. Merri t t is one of the few women in th is country who haveetchedthe human figure. H er portrai ts of her husband

,S ir Gilbert S cott, the

“PenelopeChild in church

'

The green man tleMother and child”

Pilots”

Young motherThe kiss”

Sailor and his sweetheart”

The China closet”

The Delft horse”

Vespers”

181

celebrated arch i tec t,Lou is Agassi z

,Lady Dufferin

,Oli v er Wendell

Holmes and others rank among the best of modern etched portrai ts .

“She has execu ted many ch‘

arming plates,princ ipally portrai ts of d is

tinguished men and women of the t ime,with an oc casional plate of ri ver

scenery , landscape or interpretation of her own paint ings . H er v igorousportrai ts of Miss E llen Terry and a large head of M r . Leslie S tephens are

striking examples of good et ch ing .

”

M rs . Merri t t was the“first woman painter whose work was purchased

by the Chantrey fund .

“Love locked out” was the subjec t . The pi c tureis now in the Chantrey collect ion of the Tate gallery

,London .

METCALF,WILLARD LER OY

, (P . ) b . Lowell,Mass

,July 1

,1858 . Edu

cated in the publ i c schools of Massachuset ts ; apprenti ced to a woodengraver of Boston in 1 875 ; then to George L . Brown, a landscapepainter, Boston, 1876-7 . Student in Lowell Insti tu te

,Boston Normal

A rt School,Boston Art Museum S chool

,Academie Julien, Paris ; also

studied under Boulanger and Lefebvre in 1883. H e is represented inthe leading art galleries of the Un i ted S tates ; received the Webb prizesociety of Ameri can Ar tists

,1896

,and awarded the Temple gold medal,

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Ar ts,also Corcoran gold medal ;

member of the T en Ameri can Painters .

Mr . Metcalf is numbered among the foremost of the Ameri can landscape painters. During his S ix years’

study in P aris his most successfu lpic ture was the “Arab market” which received honorable mention in the

Paris salon in 1889 . Most of his paint ing is portrai t work ; taugh tantique and l ife classes at

'

the Cooper Inst i tu te ; traveled in the westtwo years wi th Frank Cush ing, get ting the benefi t of his profoundknowledge of the Indians.

Well known works“A family of birches Golden screen“M ay nigh t” M id -winter”

Unfolding buds The snow bearersSpring fields” Green canopy”

I ce bound” The white veil

Ligh t and air are to h im matters of seriou s concern , bu t also are formand mot ion . Unlike the majori ty of those who follow the impression

ists teach ing,he cares not merely for the effec t of sunligh t bu t for the

objec t upon which the sunligh t falls, and paints now alwavs in a h ighkey.

”( Int . studio

Mr. Metcalf is qu i te remarkable in the field of flower painting .

By general consent M r . Metcalf’s “Trembl ing lea v es” has been labelednotable.

”

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M I ELAT z,CHARLE S FREDER ICK W I LL I AM

, (E . ) b . Buddin,Germany

,

M ay 24,1864 . A pupil of the Nat ional Academy of Design, and F .

Rondel .M ember of the In ternational Jury of Awards, S t. Lou is Exposi tion

,

1904 member of N ew York E tch ing Club ; was elec ted assoc iate memberof National Academy of Design

,1906

,and is a teacher of etch ing in

the academy .

A . L . Baldry '

says in Modern etch ing”that Mr . M ielatz possesses a

power of rendering a great variety of subjec t-mat ter wi th success. Bulkand masses of arch i tec ture

,charac ter ist i cs of street people and buildings

,

he sets down always wi th grace and con v i c tion .

”

M I LLER,R ICHARD E .

, (P . ) b . S t. Louis,M o .

,March 22, 1875 . A pupil

of the S t . Lou is S chool of Fine Ar ts,he later studied wi th Benjamin

Constant and Laurens i ll Paris . I ll 1900 he received the third -classmedal in the P aris salon

,and in 1904

,the second -class medal . Since

1905 h is paint ings have been hors concours in the salon of the Sociétédes Artistes, France. H e is a member of the Legion of Honor and secondvi ce-president of the P ar is S ociety of Ameri can Painters.

M r . Mi ller l ives in France and has had very many art ist i c honorsbestowed upon h im both there and in the Uni ted States.

Two of his paintings,

“The mother and

“The puppet” are hung in

the permanent collec t ion of the Luxembourg,Par is

,and another has

been placed in the Peti t Palais.

“The dressing table”(a portrai t of M rs .

Miller ) has been purchased by the I tal ian government ;“Lady w ith fan”

is in the Gallery of Modern Art,R ome ;

“The Ch inese statuet te,

” “Metropoli tan Museum

,New York ;

“The boudoir,

” Corcoran Gallery of A rt

Wash ington,D . C . Examples of his work are also in the Royal Museum

of Ch ristiania,King of I taly ’

s pri v ate collec t ion,Museum of Fine Arts,

Antwerp, and M odern Gallery of Veni ce.

“The open window”( also called “

Spring was shown in the Salondes Art istes Francais in 1914 . A nude exh ibi ted at the Ch icago A rt

Insti tu te Annual Exh ibi tion of last year,was awarded the Po tter Palmer

pri ze. I t has been pronounced one of his best works.

O ther popular paint ings are

“In the garden The green parasolThe mirror” Lady with red hairThe Ch inese coat The cafe”

The play of l igh t on objec ts whether indoors or out presents innumer

able problem s of alluring interest . I t is in the solution of these thatMr . Miller has found Special deligh t and su ccess.

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184

pleasing manner and in the midst of curious amusing accessories,studied

wi th the m inu teness and neatness of touch of the later O ld Du tchmasters— such is M illet ’s conception of his art.

”( Ch ild ’

s“A rt and

“I n his pic tures of episode he reveals the Si tuat ion

,not by ac ting bu t

by suggesting i t ; therefore they have the charm of repose. H is can

vases have incipien t or completed ac tion— rarely the suspended motionthat t ires us by its arrest or vehemence.

”

H is “Thesmophoria”or harvest feast

,in a P i ttsburg bank

,is a fine

piece of mural paint ing.

“Fine as his easel pictures are,it is as a great mural painter that his

fame will last . H is masterpiece is h is monumental work for the Baltimore custom house— “The evolu tion of navigat ion .

”(A rt P .

,

M INOR,R OBERT CRANNELL

, ( P . ) b . N ew York Ci ty,1840; d . Waterford ,

Conn .

,August 3

,1904 .

First entered a business career bu t later dec ided to become a painter .

H e stud ied painting for two years under A lfred C . Howland , then wen tto Europe

,studying wi th Van Luppen and Boulanger in Holland and

Belgium . After three years in Par is he joined the colony at Barbizonwhere he was more or less under the personal influence of D iaz and

Corot . In 1 872 he exh ibi ted “The silent lake” in the Paris salon,then

spent two y ears in England during which time he exhibi ted at the RoyalAcademy and Grosvenor Gallery .

“Moonligh t” secured honorable mention at the P aris Exposi t ion and

Close of a dav”won a bronze medal .

Among his best known paintings are

“ S tudio of Corot” “Under the oaksW

'

old of Kent” Cradle of the HudsonMoun tain path Gray day in September

Coffin wrote of his work : “P oeti c sentimen t wi th fine resonant coloreffec ts are found in the landscapes of Robert C . Minor who is an avowed‘Barbizon man

’ S impli c i ty of subjec t and completeness of com

posi t ion are the main fac tors in his creat ions and particularly in sunset

and in twil igh t effec ts does he appear as a sympatheti c interpreter of

nature’s subtle changes.

M r . Minor was v ice-presiden t of the Soc iété Art istique L itteraire of

Antwerp,presiden t of the Salmagundi Club in 1 898 and elec ted a mem

ber of the Nat ional Academy of Design in 1 897 .

M ITCHELL,JOHN JAME S

, (E .

,P . ) b . New York , 1845 . Lived abroad from

1867-70,studying arch i tecture which profession he prac ticed in Boston

185

unt il 1876. I n. that year he again wen t to Europe and devoted h imself

to the study of drawing and painting under Bou langer and Lefebvreand A lbert M aigman unt il his return in S eptember 1880. H is firs t effortsin etch ing were made i l l Boston bu t he did not begin the prac t i ce of th isart unt il 1876 when he recei ved instruc tion from Brunet-Dehaines, one

of the best French etchers of our day ; he learned from h im a deli cacyand refinemen t in the management of his tools which stood h im in goodstead in several ser ies of small figure subjects published some t ime ago

in Paris . H e is especially cle v er i f at t imes a bi t theatri cal in his management of strong floods of ligh t . ” ( Century 25 o .

MONK S,JOHN AU ST IN S ANDS

, (P .

,E . ) b . Cold Springs-ou-Hudson,

N . Y .

,Nosember 7 , 1 850. Pupil of George N . Cass and George Inness.

A S a young man he was an engraver,bu t after a trip to Boston he

took up landscape paint ing . Inness saw his study of an old wi llow tree,sent for h im to come to his studio and later invi ted h im to become h ispupi l. “Not only has he painted sheep indoors and out, at play, Sleepingin sunsh ine

,in twiligh t

,bu t he has modeled them in clay .

” H e has also

painted the sheep of the v ar ious local i t ies in this country unt il he hasbecome known as Ameri ca’

s painter of sheep .

”(Craftsman 22

“M r . Monks studied his sheep from the standpoint of a prac ti calfarmer as well as a poet and painter

,hence the solid constru c t ion of his

pictures,and the conv inc ing real i ty of every inciden t and detai l of their

ac t ion and environment . ”“A S a painter of Sheep th is finely trained art ist has at tained a masterythat allows h im to speak the whole art language through the veh icle of

the simple li fe incidents of these most humanly suggest ive of our domest i c animals.

”

(New E ng . M . 42

MORA,FRANC I S LU I S

, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . Montev ideo, Uruguay, July

27,1874 . H e recei ved h is art education in the S chool of the Boston

M useum under Benson and Tarbell and at the A rt S tudents’ League of

New York under Mowbray . Beginn ing abou t 1892 he did illustrat ingwork for all the leading magazines and periodicals. H e has won manypri zes and medals and is a member of the leading art organ i zat ions ;an assoc iate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design, 1904, academ i

eian,1906. For nine years was a teacher i ll drawing and paint ing classes

of the New York School of A rt.

M r . Mora’s father was a S pan ish painter, h is mother a Frenchwoman

and his early l ife was Spent in S ou th Ameri ca .

“P erhaps i t is these veryconfl i c ting condi t ions in the li fe of M r. Lu is Mora that -has e v olved the

unusual qual ity of his art,an art essentially Spanish in subjec t and

186

feeling and wholly modern and Ameri can in expression0

. The quali tyof M r . Mora

’s paintings of gardens is a thing one returns to again and

again in memory as one

'

likes to see them over and over again in his

studio In these gardens there is S pain’s past magnificence

The women are slow -moving and graceful,the ch ildren joyous, and be

hind all the radiance of these fine silen t gardens hovers the Shadow of

a tragic,barbari c nation . ( Craf tsman 17

'

Picni c on the beach” is a most affirmative pi c ture,capital in fresh

wh i te and blue,composed w i th u tmost wisdom of technique

,but efflore

scent wi th nature both in composi t ion and In gaiety of Spiri t .” ( Int .

studio 35 :1i i . )

M ORAN,EDWARD

, (P . ) b . Bol ton,Lancashire, England , August 19

,

1829 ; (1 . New York,June 9

,1901 . Elder brother of Peter and Thomas

Moran . H e arrived in P h i ladelph ia in 1844 and was a pupil of JamesH amilton

,marine painter

,and of Paul Weber

,landscape painter . In

1862 he wen t abroad,studying in the Royal Academy of London for a

few month s . In 1869 he settled in New York,going to Paris in 1877

where he lived some time. H e was a member of Pennsylvania Academyof the Fine Ar ts and elec ted associate member of the National Academyo f Design i ll 1873.

H is first pi c tures were exh ibi ted in Philadelph ia in 1853. The Bal timore Gazette

,Ju ly 1

,1873

,in commenting on Mr . Moran

’s painting

ent i tled “In the narrows,

”said : “The great charm of the picture is

mo tion .

’

H e printed in 1872 the first illustrated catalog printed in th is country. H e worked ch iefly in marines

,in both oil and water-color .

A series of h istori cal paintings,thirteen in number

,was completed in

1899 . These represen t th irteen epoch s i ll the marine h istory of Ameri cafrom the landing of Leif Er i ckson in 1001 to the return of AdmiralDewey in 1899 .

MORAN,MARY NIM MO

, (E .

,P . ) b . S trathaven near Glasgow

,Scotland ,

1842 ; d . September,1899 . Came when a child wi th her family to the

Uni ted States . In 1863 She marr ied Thomas Moran,the well known

landscape painter ; in 1867 accompanied him to England , France and

I taly and in 1874 traveled wi th h im in the far west . H er work wasprincipally water-color unt il 1879 when she made her first at temptsin etch ing as a past ime during her husband ’

s absence on an extendedtrip .

M rs . S chuyler Van Rensselaer says M rs . Moran found her true ar

tistic voi ce only when she took up the etch ing needle. In 1887 an ex

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188

Of the last three, M rs . Schuyler Van Rensselaer,the distinguished

art-cri ti c,wrote : “If we will ask for pic tures from our etchers

,we

should rejo i ce when they give them to us of so complete a kind and yet

with so much of the intrusive charm of etch ing,properly so-called

,as

does M r . P eter Moran .

”

T o P eter M oran and his brother,Thomas

,belong the honor of having

been the first among the artists to recogni ze the pi c turesque quali ties of

the scenery of the southwest,and of the l ife of its aboriginal inhabi tan ts

—the Pueblo Indians.

Ju les Breton, the distingu ished French painter, on seeing some of

M r . M oran’s etch ings exh ibi ted in Paris

,exclaimed : “The man who

etched those plates,is a master

M ORAN,THOMAS

, ( P .

,E .

,I . ) b . Bolton

,Lancash ire

,England

,January

12,1 837 . Came wi th his fami ly to Ameri ca in 1844 . Of the talented

M oran fami ly, he displayed artisti c tastes at an early age and was

apprent i ced to a wood -engraver in P hiladelph ia,remaining wi th h im

for two years. At twenty-th ree he painted a scene from Shelley ’s

“Alastor and from 1 866-7 1 studied the masters of France

,I taly and Ger

many . Return ing to Ameri ca in 1871,he sough t subjec ts of the most

impressi ve charac ter,and joined the exploring expedi tion of that year

to the Yellowstone country,making sketches for his two great works,

“The great canyon of the'

Yellowstone”and

“The chasm of the Colorado .

” These were bough t by Congress for each and are now

i ll the Capi tol at Wash ington .

Noted paint ings are

“The mountain of the H oly The groves were God ’

s firstCross” temples”

The cliffs of the Green ri ver A dream of the OrientPonce De Leon i ll Flor ida” The ch ildren of the mountainThe last arrow”

H e made a series of remarkab ly fine designs in illustration of Longfellow ’

s“H iawatha”

and original water-color drawings of the Yellowstone National P ark .

I II etch ing his ach ievements have been both numerous and valuable.

Among his most excellent plates are :“ Sounding sea,

” “The gate of V en

ice,

” “H arbor of Vera Cruz,Mexico

,

” “Ven i ce,

”

“H is knowledge of form and construc t ive ability is qui te remarkable,and his skill in composi t ion reveals i tself best in the black and whitereproductions of his works.

”(Hartmann )

H e has found congenial themes in the wierd scenery of the Yellowstone, he has dreamed of Turner in his dreams of the Orient and has

189

painted us lovely morn ings in the harbor scenes for wh ich he brough thome his Sketches from Cuba and M exico .

”(Koehler . )

For some t ime in add i t ion to his many paintings and etch ings,he de

signed 250 illustrat ions annual ly . H is etch ings won hearty praise fromJohn Ruskin . Associate member Nat ional Academy of Design 188 1 , fu llmember 1884 .

MOS I.ER,H ENRY

, (P . ) b . N ew York,June 6, 1841 . Removed to Cincin

nati in 1851 and to Nashville,Tenn .

,in 1854 ; studied wood -engraving

and paint ing wi thou t much ou tside aid ; was draugh tsman on“The

Omnibus,

”a Cinc innat i comic weekly in 1855 . P upil of James H .

Beard,1862-3. Appointed on staff of Gen ’l R . W . Johnson . Studied art

in Dusseldorf and Paris,1863-6 .

In 1874 he again wen t to Europe,going to Mun i ch where he studied

under Wagner and also received pr i vate and spec ial cri t i c ism fromP iloty. When in Mun i ch he won the medal of the Royal Academy . In

1877 he removed to P aris,and the following year “

The quadroon girl”

and “Early cares were exh ibi ted in the salon . H is“La retour,” better

known as“The return of the prodigal son

,

”recei v ed honorable men tion

in the salon of 1879 and was purchased by the French government forthe Luxembourg . This was the first pi c ture that France purchased froman Ameri can art ist . M r . Mosler has never surpassed the techni cal Skilldisplayed in th is Luxembourg pic ture.

H is “H arvest dance,

”a Br i t tany scene

,received the gold medal in the

salon of 1888,which p laced his works hors concours in the salon .

“The

last momen ts”won the only gold medal awarded to a foreign art ist by

the Arch -Duke Carl Ludwig of Austria at an Exh ibi t ion in Vienna. H e

received'

in 1892 the t i tles “Cheval ier de la Legion d ’H onneur

”and

“O ffl

cier d ’ A cademic .

” I ll 1894 returned to New York . I s a member of the

National Academy of Design,New York .

“The quali t ies of M r . Mosler are homely sentiment , a talent for tel ling

an obviou s story su ch as ord inarv people can comprehend and enjoy,and an execu tion wh ich is always adequate and often excellent , so far

as i t goes .

”( Chi ld

'

s“A rt and

The number of his works is considerable. Their ti tles like the sub

jects treated are generallv anecdot i c,such as

'

“The return of the prodigal son” “Vi si t to the march ioness

The v illage clockmaker” “Breton har v est dawn”

The coming s torm” “ T he birth of the fl ag”

“ Forging the cross”R ing

,ring fo r l ibcrtv

“

“The wedding gown

190

MOWBRAY,HENRY S IDDON S

, (Mural P . ) b . Alexandria,Egyp t

,August

5,1858

,of English parents. In 1875 he received an appo intment to the

U . S . Mili tary Academy bu t remained there less than a year ; took upchemistry ; in 1 879 following a preference for art

,he

'

Went to'

Paris and

entered the school of Leon Bonnat . For three years occupied h imselfwi th genre subjects

, of whi ch the best known perhaps is “Aladdin .

Settled in New York in 1885 . S ince 1886 has been an instruc tor in theA rt S tudents’ League.

H as won many pri zes and medals. H is Evening breeze won the

Clark pri ze in 1888 and he was made full academician in 1891 .

“I II many of his works,M r . Mowbray gives pic torial form to the

roman tic days of F lorentine chateau l ife during the renaissance ; i llothers he has chosen oriental subjec ts o ther paintings are purelyfanc ifu l, of these an excellent example is found in “Floreal” w i th itsgraceful maidens treading a measure to the sound of the pipe and tam

bourime. (Nat. Cyc . Am . Biog . )“In H . S iddons Mowbray we ha v e a colorist and man of imaginat ion .

a wonderful narrator of fanciful tales,w i th ample knowledge and

manual Skill -ln the prac tice of his craft .” (New Eng . M .

H e also paints portrai ts of women with sympathet i c interpretationand exqu isi te techn ique. Of late years has given much time to muralpa int ing , and among h is most recen t ach ievements in th is branch of art

is “The transmission of the law” in the appellate court bu ilding, NewYork .

“I t is a beautifu l decoration ; very individual and refined,w i th a

puri ty of color and general spontanei ty of feel ing and execu tion mostcaptivating .

”

(The art ist 27 : ix . )

M URPHY, JOHN FRANC I S, (P . ) b . Oswego,N . Y .

,December 1 1

,1853.

Went to New York Ci ty to l i ve in 1875 . First exh ibi ted at the NationalAcademy of Design in 1 876. I n 1885 he was elected an assoc iate and

two years later an academician .

“Tints of a van ished past” won the H allgarten pr i ze of the Nat ionalA cademv in 1885 ;

“Brook and fields” won the Webb pri ze of the Societyof Amerl can Artists in 1887

,and

“Under gray skies” won a pri ze in1894.

M r. Murphy is one of America’s S Implest and at the same t ime most

poeti c landscape pain ters.

At an exhibi tion in 1 910 he con tribu ted the following“The Opal sunset” “The musi c boats”

A twi ligh t in Ven i ce The path to the v i llageA n upland cornfield

'

After the frosts”

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192

There is stabili ty and charac ter i l l h is work and h is sligh test sketchesevince a depth and aestheti c sensitiveness rare in a gereration so ap

palingly devoted to the superfic ial and the tr ivial .

”

(B ookm . 34

O f Ameri can etchers,John S loan , Eugene H iggins and Jerome Myers

alone are interested in l ife as life,says Arts and Decorat ion .

NADE LM AN ,E L I

, ( S . ) b . W arsaw,P oland , and studied in the art

schools of his nati v e country,then went to P aris where he l i ved for

twel v e years . When the European war broke out he was one of the

first foreign artists to come to the Uni ted S tates.

While M r. Nadelman can hard ly be classed as an American artist,his

presence has been fel t in art istic c ircles and his works are exh ibi ted inAmeri can art exh ibi ts ; his recen t exh ibi t ion of drawings and sculpturebrough t forth mu ch comment from our art cri ti cs .

H is treatment of draperies is at times d istinc tly oriental ; and whilethe pure Archai c Greek and P h idian era ha v e influenced h im

,there are

works of his wh ich Show a (levelopl l lent not unlike Chinese art justafter the dissemination of Greek ideals I n his l igh tness of

touch and the ethereal i ty of his in v ent ions he expresses a genu ine poeti cspiri t H e is at all t imes a serious artist . H is work is as purelv beau tifu l as a VVatteau , bu t not so profound as a good Picasso .

”

( Forum 55

Another cri t i c wri tes : H e mav indeed arouse your feelings, bu tprimari ly plast i c art is not concerned wi th lo v e or patriot ismH is art sa v ors indeed o f ll lathematical formu lae At times i t isalmost pure arch i tec ture in miniature H e is for the privatestudy and the glass cabinet

,rather than for the open air . The intellec t

ual no te and a loot'

ness is intensified bv the extraordinar ily h igh polishwh ich he gi ves to his surfaces .

Some of h is heads “fixed fore v er i ll marble med i tat ion display a beau tyof rare deli cacy

,a k ind of spiritualitv which fore v er disposes of those

de trac tors who bel ieve that he is an apostle of ugliness .

”( I nt. studio

is lv. )

NAST,THOMA S

, (P .

,I . ) b . Landau

,Ba v ar ia

,September 27

,1840; (1.

Guayaqu il, Ecuador, December 7,1902 . Came wi th his parents to

Ameri ca in 1846 ; was educated in the N ew York publi c schools and dis

played a dec ided talent for art. At the age of four teen began the studyof art with Theodore Kaufman and at the age of fifteen furnishedsketches and drawings for Frank Leslie’

s I llustrated Newspaper, hisfirst assignment being the il lustration Of an account of a pri ze figh t .

Later he went to England to make sketches for the New York Illustrated

193

News . H e followed Gari bald i ’ s army th rough S i c i ly and Calabria and

contribu ted numerous bat tle pieces to the illu strated press of N ew York .

H e returned to Un i ted States in 1861 and became a member of H arper’s

staff in the fol lowing year .

M r . Nast was first to introduce cari catu re work in to Ameri ca and his

pi c tures of war scenes,of Andrew Johnson and of the Tweed R ing had

great influence on the pol i t ics of his time. H is war pi c tures for H arper’s

Weekly are among his most no table works .

“A parti cu lar feature of M r . Nast ’s work apart from his wonderfu lportrai ts was the abi li ty to portray the ind ividuali ty of his subject bysome charac teristi c pose or pecu liari ty of appar el .

”

H is h istori cal paintings in oil hold h igh rank in Ameri ca for beautyof conception and execu t ion . The most notable of these are

“Peace again The se v enth regiment going toL incoln entering R i chmond war

’

Saving the flag” Appomat tox

During the c ivi l war The day before the surrenderGaribaldi”

M r . Nast ’s repu tat ion wi ll probably rest on his cartoon work but i twas his ardent desire that h is name should be handed down as a greatpainter of h istori cal scenes . (Brush P . 1 1

NEAN DRO S S,S IGURD

, ( S ) Born of Norwegian parents, on the P acificocean

,wh ile they were en rou te to the Un i ted S tates . Vt’ ith h is nat i v i ty

the ocean,ancestry S candinav ian

,a Greek sounding name

,and ha v ing

l i ved several years in Denmark,S igurd Neand ross classes h imself wi th

Ameri can scu lptors .

One of his earl iest works,

“The sound of the sea was made for a

monument at Copenhagen .

Two groups representing con trasting v iews of life are h is'

M other and

ch i ld”— the happiness of l ife, and “The Egypt ian w idow” — hopeless sor

row .

“H e belongs to that rarer kind of scu lptor who makes one th inkH e is a scu lptor with temperament who goes h is own way endea v or ingto express lovely and innocen t and poet i c feel ings to the bes t of his

abi li ty through his chosen art .

”

( I nt . studio 52 zxxi . )

NEWCOMB,MAR I A GU I SE

, ( P . ) b . N ew Jersey . P upil of E dou rd De

taille in Paris . She studied horses and dogs under S chenck the animal

painter,and Sheep wi th Chialiva and tra v eled i ll A lgeria and the S ahara ,

studying the Arab and h is horses .

“Verv few artists can be compared

25

1 94

wi th M rs . Newcomb in representing horses. She has a genius for por

traying th is animal and understands its anatomy as few painters havedone.

” “H er studies in Paris were comprehensive and her workshows the resul ts and places her among the distinguished painters of

animals .

”(Women In the Fine Arts

,p .

The first picture that Miss Guise sent to the Paris salon was a goldenhaying scene wi th farmers and Bri ttany horses ; it was accepted and

well hung. H er greatest work,as She considers it

,is enti tled “The work

horses need” —the heads of fou r horses drinking from a street fountain.

(American art and artists,p .

NEWELL,GEORGE GLENN

, (P . ) b . Berrien county, Mich igan, 1870.

Pupil of the National Academy of Design under Ward ; teachers col lege,New York under Wi ll S . R ob inson . Member Salmagundi Club .

Spec ialty , landscapes and cat tle.

H is best known pain tings are

“M ists of the morningThe toilers”

Through shower and sun

NEWELL,PETER

, ( I . ) b . M cDonough Co.

,I ll .

,March 5

,1862 . H is

ch ildhood was spent i ll Bushnell, I ll .

,and at the age of seventeen he

wen t to work in a cigar fac tory . Later did pencil work and crayonenlargements of photographs . A studen t at the A rt Students’ League

,

New York , for three months, then made drawings wh ich were used byillustrators on Harper’

s magazine.

M r . Newell is an au thor as well as an illustrator and gives pic torialinterpretat ions of his wri t ings . H e won his repu tation w i th his book“Peter Newell ’s pic tures and rhymes.

”

“While Mr . Newell ’s art is so distinctive and individual as to makei t conspicuously personal, he has not found the interpretation of an

o ther’s text a diffi cult task .

”

Popular book having Newell illustrations

John Kendri cks Bangs “House boat on the Styx,

” “Pursui t of the

house boat” and “The enchanted typewri ter”;

Guy Wetmore Carryl’s

“Fables of the frivolous”;

Frank B . Stockton’s

“Great stone of Sardis”;

Albert Lee’s

“Tommy Toddles”

Lewis Carroll’s “Al i ce in wonderland .

“H e has evolved his own technique — a technique,by the

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196

drawing and genius for composition are apparen t in everything she

does.

“Quickness of conception, bold treatmen t and fine color mark all her

work,while the w ide reach of her subjec ts is remarkable.

”

M rs . N i cholls has been v ice-president of the New York Water ColorClub

,member Women ’

s A rt Club,New York

,also of Canada ; member of

Aquarelle Club , Rome.

“At a recent exh ibi tion held in Knoedler Galleries,N ew York , two

canvases of M rs . N i cholls’at trac ted at tent ion . O ne was a slender girl

holding a bowl of roses ; the other,a Venet ian water-color sketch ;

“Gam

ins” ligh tly and del i ca tely painted , yet full of expression and v ivid efiect

of tones . (Giles Edgerton . )

" NIEHAU S,CHARLE S H ENRY

, ( S . ) b . Cincinnati , O .

,January 24

,1855 .

P upi l of M cM icken S chool in Cinc innat i , also Royal Academy in Munich .

H e recei ved a gold medal at P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion ,Buffalo

,1901 '

was elec ted associate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design in

1902 ; full member in 1906.

While at the M cM icken school he won the distinc tion of obtain ing at

the time of his matri culat ion a first prize, medal and diploma for a

composi tion enti tled “Fleet ing time .

” After studying at the Muni chloyal Academy he returned to Cinc innat i and recei ved commissions forstatues of Garfield ; one for Cincinnati , the other to be placed in ‘

therotunda of the Capi tol

,Wash ington

,in the name of the S tate of O h io .

After successfully execu ting these commissions he returned to I taly ,establishing a stud io in Rome . Meri t of the work done there brough tabou t his elect ion as a Fellow L ’Associazione della Art isti ca Internat ionale di Roma. H e has been a residen t of New York since 1885 .

M r . N iehaus has a pronounced lean ing toward classi c subjec ts .

“The

l reek athlete using a strigil” is considered his best study of the nude.

Th is work is known to the art ist world as“The scraper”

and is nu

doubtedly, says Taft,

“one of the few good nude figures in Ameri can

sculpture.

”

H e has made statues of many.dist inguished ci ti zens of the Uni ted

S tates, ( the most celebrated being the bronze statue of M cK inley in fron tof the stately mau soleum at Canton

,O h io ) , a pair of doors for Trini ty

Church , New York , done in high rel ief,equestrian statue of General

Forres t for Forrest Park,Memph is

,Tenn .

,contribu ted to the Library

of Congress two figures,

“Moses”and

“Gibbon .

” Among his latest undertakings is a large nude figure, “The driller

,

”an importan t feature of

a monumen t at Ti tusville,P a.

,to the memory of C ol . Edwin L . Drake,

who sank the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859 .

1 97

Several cri t i cs have remarked that “the admirable breadth and smooth

ness of h is treatment recalls the ant ique draperies in wh ich the Greeksfound deligh t . ” (Taft

’s H istorv of Ameri can S culpture ”

)

NOBLE,JOHN

, ( P . ) H is early li fe was spen t in the O sage IndianReservat ion ,

now a par t of Kansas. After many advent ures as a sheepherder he found his way to the Cincinnat i Academy to study art. Fromthere he wen t to Paris and studied under Laurens at Julien

’s. For

nearly ten years he has li ved in Bri t tany and painted the fisher-folk ; heis a member of the art colony near E taples in the north of France.

Clara T . M acChesney says : “H e generally sees nature in a mist ofblue and rose H e sometimes advances far into the field of the

impressionist and gi ves us bold,crude decorat ive effects in direc t con

trast to his more fin ished pi ctures.

”

Of his “Moonligh t on the sea”

enveloped i ll a fog, a French cri t i csays : “A n artist must be both pa inter and poet to bathe h is pic tures inan atmosphere so poet i c and true. H e has given wi th an infin i te deli cacythe pale

,unreal l ight of the morn ing fog H is techn ique is marvel

ously“

su i ted to the subjec ts he treats.

”

NORDFE LDT,BROR J. OLSSON

, (P .

,E . ) b . Scan ia ill the sou th of Sweden

1878 . When thirteen years of age h is parents came to Ameri ca and

set tled in Ch icago . H e was pu t to work as printer ’s devi l on a Swedish

newspaper . At n ineteen he took up the study of art in the classes of

Frederick'

R ichardson at the art inst i tu te ; also studied drawing underJohn H . Vanderpoel . H e became assistant of A lbert H erter in pain tingmural decorat ions, and in 1900 wen t to P ar is to Study . H is first effortwas hung in the Paris salon of 1901 . A lso ill the same year he had a

produc t on the line at the Royal Academy, London .

M r . Nordfeld t was awarded a silver medal by the I tal ian go vernmen tfor an exh ibi t at the M ilan Exh ibi t ion 1906 .

“H e works directly from nature

,composing his etch ings or his canvas

wi th the scene before h im .

” H is etch ings “have been a surprise to h isfriends who have known his portrai ts

,his landscapes and woodblock

prints .

”

The Provincetown series takes us among the boats along the waterS ide wi th reflec t ions out at sea .

“Mothers” is an excellen t compos i t ionincluding many figures and nursemaids in lVashington S quare ; i t re

calls groups familiar to that local i ty .

NOURSE,EL IZABETH

, ( P . ) b . M ount P leasant,Cinc innati , O .

,1860. A t.

the age of th irteen she Showed remarkable talent for painting and her

E L IZABETH NOURSE .

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200

or bi ts in the old forest of Rambou illet, where she has spen t many sum

mers . I n the oriental exh ibi t ion held in Par is in 1905,her sketches of

Afri can desert of Tunis held a place of honor . Years of study in Parisha v e broadened her techn ique— her brushwork has become more firm

,her

color more beautiful, bu t the charac ter of her paint ing remains nu

altered .

“She believes ln art not alone for art ’s sake

,bu t also for the

sake of a human i ty wh ich i t can upli ft and spir i tual i ze.

”( Int. studio

27

H er goodness to her models is well known in Paris . A profound sym

pathy exists between her and the humble people whom she paints .

OAKLEY,V IOLET

, (Mural P .

,I . ) b . New Jersey

, .1874 . Began her

studies at the A rt S tudents’ League in New York ; after studying a yearwith Carroll Beckwi th Sll e wen t to P aris and became the pupil of AmanJean ; she also was a pupil of Charles Lasar in England . Upon her re

t urn to the Un i ted S tates She settled in Ph iladelphia where She re

ceived instructions from Cec ilia Beaux and others . A S her work led

naturally toward i llustrat ion,she entered the class of Howard Pyle.

In the i llustrat ions for “Evangel ine” publ ished by H oughton,Mifflin

Co . in 1 897 She and Jessie lVi lcox Smith were collaborators,and in

that color work came the first suggestion for stained -glass.

In 1898 she execu ted mural decorations,a mosai c reredos and five

stained -glass w indows in the Chu rch of A ll S aints,New York ; has also

designed and decorated a window i ll the Conven t of the H oly Ch ild at.

S haron Hi ll,P a .

She has been a frequent exh ibi tor at the academy in Philadelphia withstudies and compositions i ll color and in black and whi te and her windowfor the Church of the E piphany

‘

in Boston was exh ibi ted in N ew Yorkbefore being placed .

s I n 1893 Miss O akley was commissioned to decorate the walls of the

governor’s reception room in the capi tol at Harr isburg

,Pa . This is the

first work of its kind to be confided to an Ameri can woman . The decorat ions consist of th irteen decorati ve panels forming a frieze of heroi csi ze. Under the t i tle of

“The found ing of the state of l iberty Spiri tual”

they impressively record events in the life of William Penn . These designs were exh ibi ted at the P ennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts and

they won for her a spec ial gold medal from the academy . An art cri ti cwr i t ing of this work

,now completed

,says that her grasp of the subject

in union w i th great techn i cal skill has placed Miss O akley in the foremost rank of Amer i can artists .

M i ss O akley was chosen to complete the important mural decorations

ln the capi tol at Harrisburg, P a .

,tha t were planned and begun by the

late Edwin A . Abbey . She is now at work on her paint ing,“The consti tu tional convention” for the new Cuyahoga county courthouse

,Cleveland

,Oh io .

O C H T M AN,LEONARD

, ( P . ) b . Zonnenmaire,Zeeland

,Netherlands

,Oc to

ber 21,1854 . Came wi th h is family to th is coun try and set tled at Albany

N . Y .

,in 1866. At the age of sixteen he en tered an engravm g Office as a

draughtsman . A win ter course at the A rt S tudents’ League of New Yorkwas pract i cally the extent of h is art educat ion . H is spec ialty— landscape— was entirely self-taugh t . H e first exh ibi ted at the NationalAcademy of Design

,in 1882 and has since that time been a regular ex

hibitor at the art insti tu tes and associat ions in the Un i ted S ta tes .

I n 1885 he traveled in England,France and H olland .

Frederi ck W . Morton wri tes : “H e is the exponent of home -a homethat he knows int imately and deeply loves H e sees broadlyand paints as simply and sympatheti cally The scenes he lovesto depic t are essent ially idylli c .

”

H is“N igh t on the Mianus ri ver

,a pri ze pi c ture

,holds the spec tator

in a sense spellbound,as do his

“The ligh t of n igh t

,

” “A n au tumn moonligh t

,

” “Moonl igh t nigh t” and other nigh t scenes .

“T he enchanted vale“

is one of his typi cal canvases— painted in the reds and yel lows of earlyau tumn . The same quali ties are found in “

I ll the mountains,

” “ v iewsfrom W oodwild

,

” “S easide farm,

” “Buds and blossom s .

”

“If they ( his pi c tures ) cou ld be translated into words , as expressiveas are the ar tists’ pigments

, they wou ld all ha v e the simple rhythm , the

grace and beau ty of lyr i cs H e has approached nature like al l

Inness .

”(Brush P .

Assoc iate member of National Academy of Design 1898,full member

1904.

O STHAU S,EDMUND HENRY

, ( P . ) b . H ildesheinl , Germany , August 5 .

1858 . S tud ied art in the Royal Academy of Arts,Dusseldorf, 1874-82 ;

pupi l of Andreas Muller,Peter Janser

,E . V . Gebhard t

,E . Deger and C .

Kroner, (a noted land scape painter ) . Came to Un i ted S tates i l l 1883 ;

was principal of the Toledo Academy of Fine Arts in 1886 ; now devoteshis t ime to

.

painting principally pic tures of shooting and fish ing. hunters

and dogs .

“A born sportsman and a student of an imals , explains h is adoption of a

special ty,and h is studv and life explain h is art .

”

“One of the most successful painters of an imals . H e pa ints animals as

they are in a natural environment . H is dogs are i ll ac tion or i ll char

202

acteristic at ti tudes ; his canvases are for the most par t skilful combinat ions of landscape and an imal figure painting A careful draugh tsman and a good color ist H is works are documents of dog life.

I t is related that he commenced to draw as soon as he could grasp a

penc i l,and that he used the wh i te pine floors ( his mother

’s pride and

despair ) as material on which to express h is youthful inspiration .

The ac tion and postures of his an imals are those that can be properlytermed characteristi c .

Fa v or i te paintings :“S low musi c The leadersS tumped” A first effortFull cry

” My old coon dogThe dog’

s glory On the bav farm

(Brush P .

O TI S, A M Y, (M in . P . ) b . S herwood

,N . Y . Pupil of Philadelphia School

of Design and Pennsyl v an ia Academy of the Fine Arts ; also studiedunder Courtois and Garr ido inthe Colarossi Academy in P aris. MemberP lasti c Club , Philadelphia Water Color Club , P ennsylvania SocietyMiniature Pain ters

,Fellowship Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts .

Miss O tis has ei ther drawn '

or pain ted portrai ts of many prominentpersons, those of Dr . Horace H oward Furness

,Prof . Corson of Cornell

Un i v ersi ty and M rs . Ju lia “’ard Howe being her best work . She has

also done mu ch in the l ine of landscape.

PAGE,WALTER G ILMAN

, (P . ) b . Boston,Mass

,Oc tober 13

,1 862. W as

educated in the pr ivate schools of Boston . S tudied art in Paris at the

Académie Julien . Exhibi ted three years in the salons,also at leading

art exh ibi tions in Un i ted States .

M r . Page was one of the founders of the first publ i c school art leaguein the Un i ted States.

PALMER,\VALTER LAUNT

, (P . ) b . Albany,N . Y .,August 1 , 1854. P upil

of F . E . Church in Hudson,N . Y .

,Carolus-Duran in Paris . Recei ved

second Hallgarten pri ze National Academy Design,1887

,and many

medals and pr i zes since that time . Member Nat ional Academy, 1897 .

Specialty,winter landscapes .

Charles C . Curran . former instructor at the A rt S tudents’ League,

N . Y .

, wri tes : “ I n M r . P almer ’s

‘White world ’ we have a remarkableexample of the transformat ion Of a homely Spot beh ind the old farmbarn The sky is a story in i tself

,thin vapors taking on the color

of the del i cate morning sunligh t

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04

fessional life in Boston . H ad no instru c tion in paint ing . Three of his

portrai ts are in Faneu il H all— Charles Sumner,Henry Wilson and Rear

Admiral John A . Winslow .

Whittier ga v e h im si t t ings in 1875 for a portrait wh ich is the onlyoriginal likeness of that great poet in existence

,excepting one by Hoyt,

painted in W hittier’s you th .

H e painted the popular Cmbarkation of the pilgrims”after a paint

ing by Robert Weir .

PARKER,LAWTON S .

, (P . ) b . Fairfield , Mich igan, August 7, 1868. Whena young boy he won a prize offered for the best drawing by a person whohad no artist i c instru ct ion

,and a member of the j ury was so impressed

by the effor t that he offered young Parker free instru c tions if he wouldcome to Chicago . The boy eagerly accepted the offer and soon won a

scholarsh ip at the A rt Inst i tu te. I n Par is he was instructed by Gerome,Laurens

,Benjamin-Constan t

,Besnard and t istler. M r . Parker be

came direc tor of art at Beloi t College in 1893 ; president of theNew YorkS chool of A rt in 1898 and president of the Ch icago Academy of F ineArts in 1903. A n associate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design,1916.

While studying in Paris M r . Parker recei ved honorable mention in thesalonof 1900; two years later he won the th ird medal and in 1905

,the

gold medal at the International Exposi t ion at Muni ch .

A great d ist ingu ish ing honor came to M r . Parker when in 1913 the

S ociété des Artistes Francais awarded h im the gold medal . Thi s is theh ighest award of the O ld Salon and he is the first foreigner upon whomi t has e v er been bestowed— an Amer i can

,and a western Ameri can at

that .“The qual i ty in his work which has cal led forth parti cular praise from

cri t i cs is its luminousness i t is emphati cally what the French call pleinair

,fu ll of the atmosphere of summer months spent near the l i t tle vil

lage of Giverny, of its opalescence and shimmering greens against wh ichthe figure stands . (O utl . l 07 z55 . )

PARR I SH,M AXFIELD , ( I .

,M ural P . ) b . Ph iladelph ia

,P a .

, July 25, 1870.

S on of S tephen P arrish who is a painter and etcher of abil i ty . Graduated at H everford College and then entered the Pennsylvan ia Academyof the Fine Arts ; after th is he studied under Howard P yle at DrexelInsti tu te. R eceived honorable mention at the Paris Exposi t ion ,

1900;

S ilver medal for drawing at the -P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion ,1901 . M em

ber of S ociety of Ameri can Artists, 1897 associate member of the Na

tional Academy of Design, New York , 1905 ; full member in 1906.

205

After l iv ing in England and France for several years he returned tothe Un i ted States. Mr . Parrish has become celebrated as an i llustratorbu t his first produc t ions were of a decorati ve charac ter . The first workto bring h im into prominence was a cover design for the Christmas number of H arper’

s“

Weekly,1895 . In 1894 he was elec ted a member of the

Soc iety of Amer i can Artists on his pic tures “The sandman”and

“The

bulletin board .

” H e has contribu ted designs for Century Magazine,H ar~

per ’s Weekly

,the Round Table

,Scribner’

s M agazine and the Book Buyer ;illustrated Kenneth Grahame

’s

“Golden age,” I rv ing ’

s“H istory of New

York,

” Eugene Field ’s

“Poems of ch ildhood,

” Ed ith Wharton’s

“I talianv illas and their gardens

,

” R . Stannard Baker’s

“Great northwest” and

“Great southwest .”“M r . Parrish is at his best in color . H is palet te is ri ch and full ; h is

use of color strikingly effect ive,both as a means of art ist i c and of poetic

expression H is imaginat ion finds expression not only in warm ,r i ch

tones and a glow of color, bu t when other ends are sough t i t employsthe most subdued effec ts

,and at times i t rests on empty Space M r .

Parrish is one of those rare illustrators who never disappoint . Thereis always someth ing to admire in his work , and in most of his pic tures

a cause for genu ine del igh t H is pic tures and decorat ion have a

dist inc t place of their own in modern Ameri can art .

”(Outl . 78

“A calm completeness and faul tless finali ty are in everyth ing he does .

H is color schemes are as synthet i c and clearly understood as his arch itectural sett ings .

”( Ind . 59

“Decorat ive it is to exaggerat ion and wh imsi cal and quaint and so ln

dividual as to be personal— bu t wi thal so full of humor and sent imentas to make genial its Goth i c spiri t .M r . Parrish has made the mural decorations for the Curtis P ublishingCompany of Philadelph ia in their new bu ilding . This series is on the

top floor and is by far the finest th ing he has ever done. There are seventeen paint ings. S ixteen of these occupy the space between the windows

and form a sequence of glimpses of an arch i tec tural garden-terrace and

above the terrace may be seen v istas of a wonderful tu rquoise Sky,through the branches of venerable and fantasti cally gnarled cedarsA carni val is depi c ted in the last panel and Shows the loggia of an

I tal ian palace The drawing is at once masterful and exqu i si te

Each figure is a study in i tself O f the color what can be

said other that what has been sai d above —that i t is l ike a painting of

M axfield Parrish . ( Int . studio 47 :xxv . )

PARR I SH,STEPHEN, (E .

,P . ) b . Philadelphia ,

P a .

,Ju ly 9 ,

1846 . After

the age of th irty-one he appl ied himself to art,studying under a local

206

teacher ; took up etch ing and produced his first plate in 1879 . H as ex

hibited in New York,Boston

,P h iladelph ia

,Vienna and Dresden . I s a

member of the Royal S oc iety of Painter-E tchers,London .

M r . P arrish takes the very first rank in Ameri can etch ing . H e has

experimented widely wi th his art,espec ially in the mat ter of sky treat

ment.

Exhibi ted “Evening,low tide” in the salon of 1885

,and “On the Rance,

Bri t tany in 1886. Koehler says that S tephen Parr ish ’s

“Annisquam”

is a conv incing argument that the etch ing process is fi t ted to expressbroad sunl igh t as well as twilight efiects .

Among his best prints are“The shepherd ’

s Christmas eve” Fishermen ’s houses, Cape A nn

O ld fish-house” Coast of New Brunswick”

Low tide,B ay of Fundy M idsummer twil igh t”

PARTON,ARTHUR

, (P . ) b . H udson,N . Y .

,March 26

,1842. Began to

draw and pain t wh ile still a schoolboy and early entered the studio of

William ' T . R i chards in Ph iladelph ia ; also attended the PennsylvaniaAcademy of the Fine Arts . Spen t a year in travel and study in Europein 1869 . Returned to N ew York . Assoc iate member Nat ional Academyof Design

,1872 ; academician, 1884 .

The works that brough t h im prominently before the publi c were “On

the road to Mount Marcy .

” “A mountain brook ,”“Sycamores of old

Shokan,” “Delaware r iver near M ilford

,

” “N igh tfall,

” “The morning

ride,” “Winter on the H udson

,

” “E v ening,H arlem r iver .

H is “November,

” “LochLomond,

” “Sol i tude,

”and

“Stirling Castle,( four splendid pic tures ) at trac ted mu ch at ten tion at the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. I t was th is group that gave a national scope to hisrepu tation .

PARTR I DGE, W ILL IAM O RDWAY, ( S . ) b . Paris

,France

,April 1 1

,1861

,of

American parents. A pupil of Elwell in New York and of P io W elonski

in Paris ; is a member of the National Sculptural Soc iety .

Taft says : “H is general cu lture has broadened the range of his interests, and one is not surprised to find h im at his bes t in pic turing thegreat poets The expressions of his “S helley

,

” “Tennyson,”

Burns,”“Whi ttier,” etc .

,are those of inheren t refinement

,not untouch

ed with the deeper glow of creative fire.

”

O f his “Alexander Hamilton” in Brooklyn,N . Y .

,P rof . Goodyear

says : “A s the ideal of an orator,i t appeals to me the most successful

work in modern art.

”

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208

O n “The old market,” I . G . McA llister comments : “I t is a grand

examp le of what M r . P aulus deligh ts in paint ing,a subject vibrating

wi th l ife and movement .”“Work and gossip” gleams wi th the brilliant life of southern latitudes.

The en tire scale of color is given in remarkable gradations of tone.

”

M r . Paulus is w i de in his range of subjec ts from portrai ts to charminginteriors

,landscapes

,subjec t pi c tures and pastels.

H e has never chosen the hackneyed sensational subjec ts likely to ap

peal to the publ i c . (English I ll . M .

“H e has an unusual gif t of the power of penetrat ion into the deepermeaning and poeti cal side of h is subjec ts so that the homel iest theme isinvested w i th a digni ty and grace under his hand and realism is neverallowed to master refinement of treatmen t .” ( Int . studio

P AXTON,W ILL IAM MCGREGOR

, (P . ) b . Bal timore,Md .

,June 22

,1869 .

Pupil of E cole des Beaux Arts under Gerome in Paris ; Den is M . Bunkerin New York .

Recei ved honorable ment ion at P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion,Buffalo ,

1901 ; bronze medal at St . Lou is Exposi t ion, 1904. A teacher .

Among his recent works wh i ch have been notable are :

“A string ’

of pearls At the telephone”

The wh i te sunshade The huntsman”

The bride”

Freder i ck W . Coburn,N ew England Magaz ine says : “M r .

Paxton became an interesting figure in Ameri can art a few years ago

when i t was announced that he takes accoun t in his paint ing of the

fac ts of binocular v ision . I t was observed during his large exhibi tionat the St . Botolph Club , Boston, in the winter of 1905 , that he had undertaken to render nature as seen wi th both eyes

,instead of as nearly every

other'

painter has done, as seen wi th only one eye. A certain doubl ing of

verti cal l ines,in other words

,that are v isible j ust outside of the visual

focus has ordinarily been presented,if at all

,simply by a devi ce of

blurring or lowering the tone of accessories . M r . Paxton,so far as I

know,was the first painter to render naturalist ically this overlapping of

images in such a manner as largely to increase the opti cal illusion“Velasquez , Vermeer, Gainsborough and Ingres seem to be Paxton’

s

masters so far as he is indebted to the past . A s to affiliation wi thpresent day art ists he stands somewhat aloof

,al though generally ac

cepted as one of the “Boston impressionists .

”

P EALE, CHARLE S WATSON, (P . ) b . Chestertown M d,April 16

,1741 ; d .

209

Ph iladelph ia, P a .

,February 22

,1827 . At th irteen he was apprenti ced to

a. saddler and afterwards established h imself in the business. Becominginterested in art he took lessons from a German painter to whom he gavea saddle for the pri v i lege of seeing him paint . Influential friends provided the funds necessary for him to go to England to cont inue his art

studies. H e studied under John S ingleton Copley at Boston and in 1770

wen t to London and became a pupi l of Benjamin West . Returning tothe Un i ted States he establ ished h imself in Ph i ladelph ia in 1776. H e

commanded a corps of volunteers in the revolu t ionary war,became in

terested in poli t i cs and later lec tured on natural h istory ; was one of the

founders of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts at Ph iladelph iain 1805 .

H is fame rests mainly on his ach ievements as a portrai t painter and

the circumstances of his associat ion wi th Wash ington,who gave h im

fourteen si t t ings .

“H e was the only portrai t painter at that time and

his gen ius was in great demand .

”

The first of the fourteen portrai ts of Wash ington by Peale was in theuniform of a Virginia colonel and is the only one now extant of thosepainted before the revolu tion and is h ighly valued as the first au thent i clikeness of him .

H is portrai ts gathered in Independence Hall,Ph iladelph ia— one hun

dred and seventeen— include most of the celebri t ies, nat ive and foreign,assoc iated wi th Amer i can h istory and society .

“H is l ikenesses

,

”says his son R embrand t

,

“were strong bu t never fiat

tered in execu tion spiri ted and natural ”

PEARCE,CHARLE S S PRAGUE

, (P .

,Mural P . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,O ctober 13,

1851 ; d . Paris,M ay 18

,1914 . Certain su ccess as an amateur painter

led h im to regard art as a possible profession and af ter five years inmercanti le business he took up paint ing as a profession . H e wen t toParis in 1873

,and entered the school of Léon Bonnat, where he remained

three years.

I ll-heal th made i t advisable for him to pass the winters in a warmercl imate and he v isi ted Egyp t

,Nubia

,A lgeria

,I taly and sou thern France.

Afterwards he l ived at Auvers-sur-O ise. H is first painting publi clyexh ibi ted was shown at the paris salon of 1876 .

H e has received pr izes and medals from exh ibi tions and salons in the

Uni ted States and Europe and been accorded the distinc t ion of an election as a member of the O rder of Dannebrog, Denmark , Order of the RedEagle

,Prussia

,Order of Leopold , Belgium ,

and chevalier of the Legion

of Honor,France ; is a member of the Paris S ociety of Ameri can Artists

and of the Na t ional Academy of Design, New York .

27

210

H e has painted portrai ts and figure subjec ts bu t has made his greatestsuccess picturing the rust i c landscape and the peasants Of northernFrance.

“H is shepherdesses, peasant girls and women chopping wood or minding their herds are the work Of a man who acqu ired forc ible techniqueunder Bonnat and studied Bast ien-Lepage wi th understanding .

”

(M ii ther . )“The Shepherdess is probably his masterpiece.

O ther works are

“Across the commonsDeath of the first born

“Beheading of Saint John“P relude”

Return of the flockSaint Genevieve”

Un chemin a Auvers~sur-O ise

P E IxOT T O,ERNE ST CL I FFORD

, ( P .

,I .

,M in . and Mural P . ) b . San Fran

c isco,Cal .

,1869 . Pupil Of Benjamin-Constant

,Lefebvre and Doucet in

Par is. Recei ved honorable ment ion in the P aris salon of 1895 . E lec tedassociate member of the Nat ional Academy 1909 . Instruc tor in the A rt

Inst i tu te,Ch icago

,1907-8 .

H as i llustrated H enry Cabot Lodge’s

“S tory of the Rebellion Roose

velt’s

“Life of Cromwell,” “H emstreet

’s

“Nooks and corners of old New

York”and numerous arti cles and stories in curren t magaz ines.

PENFOLD,FRANK C .

, ( P . ) b . Buffalo,N . Y . R ecei ved honorable ment ion

in the P ar is salon of 1 889 and honorab le men t ion at the P an-Ameri canExposi t ion, Buffalo, 1901 .

A good specimen of his work is “S tormy weather

,North Sea.

P ENNELL, JOSEPH, ( I .

,E . ) b . Philadelphia

,P a.

,July 4

,1860. H e was a

pupil in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and h is unusual

abili ty in etch ing was early recogni zed by his instruc tor,James L . Clag

horn . H e has won honorable ment ion and medals at Ph iladelphia Chicago

,Paris and elsewhere and has acqu ired no small measure of fame as

a publ i c lec turer and as a cri t i c and author . Assoc iate member NationalAcademy of Design, 1907 ; full member, 1909 .

M r. Pennell is represented in the Luxembourg Gal lery,P aris

,Cabinet

des E stamps, France, Ufiizi Gallery,Florence

,Modern Gallery

,Veni ce,

Berl in Nat ional Gal lery,Dresden

,Buda-P esth

,S ou th Kensington gal

leries and in many collec t ions in the Uni ted States .

Abraham ’s sacrifice

P et Of the harem”

Water carrier”

Toi ler of the sea

Evening”

The shawl

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212

well represented in the collec tions of that country . She is pre—eminently

a painter of ch ildren, her later work being‘

Influenced by Carriere.

Member of several art clubs abroad .

H er best works are :“M aternite

'

The dreamSpringtime The yel low flower

At a special exh ibi tion of her paint ings and sketches held in Detroi t,

M i ch igan,Oc tober

,191 1

,M rs . Perrau lt was represented by th irty-five

interesting and charac terist i c canvases.

P ICKNELL,W ILL IAM LAMB

, (P . ) b . H inesburg,V t .

,Oc tober 23

,1854 ; d .

Marblehead,Mass

,August 9

,1897 . Went to Europe in 1874

,studying

wi th George Inness in R ome,later for a few month s under Gerome in

P aris . From France he went to England and for a number Of years wasan exh ibi tor at the Royal Academy, London ; also li ved and painted inBri ttany

,working under R obert W'ylie unti l the death .of that artist .

R ecei ved honorable ment ion in the Paris salon of 1880; awardedmedals in Boston

,Mass

,1881 and 1 884 ; won L i ppincot t pr i ze, P ennsyl

vania Academy Of the Fine Arts,1896.

Member of the S ociety of Ameri can Art ists,New York

,and the Society

of Bri t ish Artists,London ; associate member of the Nat ional Academy

of Design,New York

,1891 .

M r . Picknell is represented in the Luxembourg,Paris

,Inst i tu te of

Arts and S ciences,Brooklyn

,M etropol i tan Mu seum of A rt

,New York,

B oston Museum of A rt and Carnegie A rt Gal lery,Pi ttsburgh .

The first pi c ture to bring h im recogn i t ion and standing as

'

a painterwas h is

“Rou te de Concarneau” painted at Pon t Aven,Bri t tany . H is

“Breton peasant girl feeding du cks”was exh ibi ted at the Royal Academy,

London, 1877, and “The fields Of K erren”recei ved honorable men tion in

the salon of 1 878 .

“Wintry M arch” was purchased for the Walker A rt

Gallery of L i verpool and hung in the apartmen t occupied by Queen Victoria on her visi t to that c i ty .

“O n the borders of the marsh” was one

of the first pi c tures purchased by the Pennsylvan ia Academy of the FineArts and “A toiler of the sea was the first p ic ture bough t for the

Carnegie A rt Gallery,Pit tsburgh . H is marine “

P lowing deep whileothers sleep” won the £100 pr i ze of the S ociety Of Bri tish Art ists .

The French and Engl ish cri t i cs gave unstinted praise to the strengthand distinc tion of his pic tures .

“A rt to h im was holy ; there must be no hypocrisy , no sh irking, nosecrets . A ll his knowledge he was eager to impar t wi thou t pri ceAn I talian gentleman and painter pai d this tribu te to h im :

“I t is the

213

sad pri vi lege and prerogat i ve Of such natures to leave darkness wheretheir Spiri t th rew ligh t , for he was one o f those enthus iasts in the

etymological sense of the word,possessed

,carrying w i th them a power

a god i f you like— and such gues ts are felt e v en in ord inary surroundings. (Cent . 0 . s .

No table examples of h is art are

“A stormy dayCoast Of Ipswich

'

Sunsh ine and drif ting sandA sultry day”

After the stormThe edge of winterWhere broad ocean leansagainst the land”

P i cknell does not compose pretty scenes,bu t he dri ves home the fac ts

of his subject with S ledgehammer blows . H e is a sort of second Cou rbetin his strength and in h is v iri li ty . (New E ng . M .

“P i cknell made extensi v e use of the palet te kn ife

,gaining thus some

th ing Of the puri ty of tone,the vibrat ion and the marvelous amount of

atmosphere that d istingu ished many of his canvases .

”

P I T T s,L-EN DAL L , (E . ) b . Detroi t

,Mich igan

,November

,1875 . P upi l of

Jean Paul Laurens in Paris .

E . A . Taylor in wri t ing of Ameri can etchers ( S tudio special number )says “I n color

,Ameri can etchers wi th bu t few except ions ha v e not

shown any notable examples,the most d ist inc tly personal and interest

ing resu lts yet at tained being those by Lendall Pit ts, who exh ibi ted someremarkable resu l ts of h is experimental ach ievements in the S t. Lou isMuseum Of Fine Arts in 1908 . I n his studio in Par is he works heed lessof recogni zed methods and publi c appreciation, producing many li t tlemasterpieces with deligh tfu l simpli c i ty.

“S unset on the lake.

” “Cast leof S igiienza, S pain

”and “T he cascade”

are unique i llustrations of his

color-etch ing and aquatint .

PLATT,ALETHEA H ILL

, ( P . ) b . S carsdale, N . Y . A pupi l Of H enrv B .

Snell,B en Foster and A rt S tudents ’ League. New York . She recei v ed

first pri ze for water color New Yo rk “'

oman '

s A rt C lub . 1903 , and is .1

member New York V VO lnau

’s A rt C lub . l

’en B ru sh C lu b . National Arts

Club,and New York “

’

ater Co lor C lub .

In wri t ing Of the exh ib i tion o f the New Y o rk W a ter C o lo r C lub .

Palette and Bench,Februarv 1910, has th i s : “The

‘scrub method ’

orig

Among the Oli ves“A gray morn ing

,Moret ’

Late afternoon,M oret”

M orning on the Loing”

“M orning on the M edi terranean”

Twiligh t On the M ed i terranean'

M id -winter on the Litorel”

214

inated by M r . H enry B . Snell was well represented by one of his ablestpupils

,M iss Alethea H . Plat t in her fine interior

,

“An old world kitchen”

There are some delicious bi ts of color in th is old ki tchen scene.

The art cri t i c of one Of the New York papers wri tes : “One of the

most interest ing displays is made up of th irty paintings by Miss AletheaH ill Plat t in the Powell gallery . The artist presents scenes from the fairland of Devon and from the coast of Bri t tany . Charm ing interiors

showing the homely l ife of the peasantry on both sides of the channel,

of which Miss Plat t has made a Specialty in her European sojourns,are

already well known .

“There is something entirely new,however

,in several

,landscapes which

she shows. They are brill iant in tone bu t true to the colors found in sky

and plain and vale. Those familiar with her earlier work will be deeplyinterested in the new departure as revealed in “

The sunl i t moor,

”and

“Tors on Dartmoor,

” which are bathed in the sof t airs of England .

‘Awater color “A Moorland shepherd”

represents a herdsman returning at

e v entide to his cot tage and there is wonderful charm and feel ing in thispeaceful bi t of rural Engaud

,which includes his cot tage and its sur

roundings.

”

PLOWMAN,GEORGE TAYLOR

, ( I .

,E . ) b . Le Sueur, M inn .

,O ctober 19,

1869,and studied arch i tec ture in Paris and elsewhere ; studied in the

Royal College of Engrav ing at South Kensington, London, under S ir

Frank S hort ; also traveled and etched on the continen t . Althoughyoung in etch ing he is represen ted in the permanent collect ion of R oyalCollege and Crystal Palace

,London

,A rt Museum ,

Boston,Public L i

brary, New York , and Congressional L ibrary, Wash ington,D . C .

The Berl in Photograph i c Company has reprodu ced many of Mr . Plowman ’

s et ch ings.

M r . Plowman has Wri t ten a book on etch ing which explains themethods of S ir Frank Short . ( I nt . studio 51 : cxxxiv. )

POPE,ALEXANDER

, (P .

,S . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,March 25

,A t the

age of seven he did credi table work in sketch ing animals,and was self

taugh t wi th the exception of instruc tion in perspec tive drawing and

anatomy from Dr . R immer . At twenty he was a devotee of wood-carvingand modeling . H e originated painted game birds carved out of pinewood

,two of them being purchased by the Czar of Russia . La ter he

was ambitious to become a sculptor . H is first notable canvas was “Calling out the hounds

,

”and his two most noted pic tures are his “Martyr

dom of S t . Euphemia”and his

“Glau cus and the l ion”( taken from

Bulwer ’s

“Last days of

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216

M r . Pot ter spent some time in Tunis and while there was commissionedto represent Arab l ife at the Exposi t ion . For th is service the B ey con

ferred upon h im a decorat ion of O fficer du N icham I ftikar or“O rder of

Renown .

” After his return to the Un i ted S tates he devo ted h imself todistinc tively Ameri can subjec ts . The Indians

,particularly

,both A laskan

and Ameri can,became one of his favorite subjects.

Mr. P otter took up the invest igation of the oc cul t science for the purpose of arri v ing at some h igher Spiritual insigh t . This he abandoneddeclaring the practi ce of no value

,possibly harmful .

“The earth man

”and “The earth ’

s unfoldmen t” were accepted unanimously by the French salon of 1912 .

“The man is groping for ligh t ;th is is realized in the

“Ear th unfoldment”— the Spiri tual awakening of

the woman . ( Int . studio Nov.

,

P OTTHAST,EDWARD HENRY

, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . Cincinnat i

,O .

,June

1 1,1857 . Pupil Cincinnat i School Of

'

F ine Arts. S tudied in An twerp ,Muni ch and Paris . W on Clarke pri ze N . A . D .

,1899 ; also several gold

and S ilver medals . Member Soc iety Ameri can Ar tists ; assoc iate memberNational Academy

,1899 ; academician

,1906 .

POWELL,W ILL IAM HENRY

, (P . ) b . New York , February 14, 1823 ; (1.

New York,Oc tober 6

,1879 .

H e began the study Of art under H enry Inman in New York Ci ty in1843 and continued h is studies in Par is and F lorence. H e first exh ibi tedat the Nat ional Academy

'

of Design, New York , in 1838 ; was elec ted an

associate member of the academy in 1854 .

Probably no histori cal work of art is more familiar to the Americanpeople than h is painting

,

“The bat tle of Lake Erie.

” I t was originallyexecu ted for the state of Oh io at a cost of I n 1873 Mr . Powellreprodu ced the work on a larger canvas for the nat ional government andth is paint ing now hangs in the senate wing Of the capi tol at Wash ington

,D . C .

Other h istori cal paintings are

“DeSota discovering the Landing of the pilgrimsM ississippi” Wash ington at Valley ForgeS iege Of Vera Cruz

H e also produced famous portrai ts Of A lbert Gallat in, Peter Cooperand Wash ington Irving . H is portrai t of General M cC lellan and that of

Major Anderson are in the c i ty hal l,New York .

PRATT,BELA L .

, ( S . ) b . Norwich,Conn .

,December 1 1 , 1867 . A t the

217

age of sixteen he entered the Yale S chool of Fine Arts where he stud iedunder Profs . Neimeyer and W

'

eir. I n 1887 he entered the A rt Students’

League Of New York , continu ing h is studies under Sain t-Gaudens,E 1

well,Chase and Kenyon C ox H e wen t to Paris in 1890 where he

studied under Chapu and Falgu iere. While in the Ecole des Beaux Artshe recei ved three medals and two pr i zes . In 1892 he returned to the

Uni ted States ; was commissioned for two colossal groups on the watergate of the P eristyle at the Columbian Exposi t ion

,1893

,and in 1895 and

1896 he shared in the decorat ions of the L ibrary of Congress,Wash ing

ton,D . C . M r . Prat t ’s contribu tions to the P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion

were numerous and certain of them of great beauty . H e has producedmany works in sculpture, statues

,memorials

,groups

,tablets

,busts

medallions,etc.

Recen t works are,

“S pan ish war soldier, at S t. Paul ’s school , Con

cord , N . H . ;“Andersonv ille prisoner boy,” erec ted at Andersonv ille, Ga

by the state of Connec ti cu t ;“Barefoot boy” mounted on a nat ive boulder

in the town of Ashburnham,M ass ;

“Peace and W ar” for the Butler

memorial at Lowell,Mass ;

“Nathan H ale,

”at Yale Universi ty ; and

“The whaleman” for the monument to nat ive seafarers erec ted at New

Bedford,Mass

,in 1913.

“Spiri t and action charac teri ze the stalwart figure of a New Bedford

whaleman who is portrayed wi th long harpoon poised in the air,and

stand ing in a whale boat dash ing through the surf,in pursui t Of some

great leviathan Of the deep .

”

“The sculptor is revealed at h is best in the fu ll-length figu re of‘Youth ’

fraugh t with charm and the nai vete of tender years H e is giftedwi th unusual feeing for . b is subjec ts

,has imagination and is a subtle

draugh tsman . H is art accords h im -a foremost place wi th illustr iou sAmeri can sculptors of today .

”(Arch . rec. 35

Three large decorat ive panels for the facade of the Opera House, B oston

,are interesting examples Of M r . Prat t ’s art . They are molded in

blue and whi te terra cotta,af ter the Della Robbias

,and form a frieze

ju st beneath the corni ce. The subjec ts are“ M usi c

,

” “Drama”and the

“Dance.

” “Musi c” is one of the most effec ti ve panels in the series and is

poet i c in conception and subtle in model ing .

”

A s a scu lptor M r . P rat t has made portrai ts of many eminent personages identified wi th the h istory O f New England .

In 1910 he was made an associate member of the National A cademv OfDesign .

P RELLW I T z,EDITH M ITCHELL (M rs . H enry P rellwi tz ) , (P . ) b . S ou th

O range,N . J.

,1865 . P upi l Of A rt S tudents ’ League of New York under

218

George de Forest Brush and Kenyon Cox ; Académie Julien in Parisunder Bouguereau, R obert-Fleury and Courtois.

Recei ved second H allgarten pr i ze in 1894 for her “Hagar and Ishmael ;Dodge pri ze in 1895 bronze medal at P an-Ameri can Exposition, Buffalo,1901 . Elec ted assoc iate member of the National Academy of Design,New York

,in 1906.

P RE LLW IT z,HENRY

, (P . ) b . New York,1865 . Pupil of T . W . Dewing

and A rt Students’ League of New York ; Académie Julien in Paris.

Received th ird Hallgar ten pri ze National Academy Of Design,1893 ;

bronze medal P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion,Buffalo

,1901 ; medal S t. Louis

Exposi t ion,1904 Clark pri ze

,National Academy of Design

,1907 .

Member of the Soc iety of Ameri can Artists,1 906 . Instru ctor in life

drawing and paint ing at P rat t Inst itute,Brooklyn

,N . Y

Elec ted associate member of the National Academy of Design,New

York,1906.

P RE STON,MARY W ILSON (M rs . James P reston ) , ( I . ) b . New York ,

August 1 1,1873. Educated at Oberlin College. Studied art in New York

art schools 1896-7 ; Whistler S chool , Paris, 1899-1900. Began i llustratingfor magazines in 1902 . H as i llustrated

Seeing France with Uncle John The incubator babyThe smugglers” The diary of Del ia”

PROCTOR,A LExANDER P H I M I ST ER

, ( S .

,P . ) b . B ozanqu it, Ont .

, Canada,S eptember 27

,1862 . Pupil of National Academy of Design and A rt

S tudents’ League in New York ; P uech and I njalbert in Paris.

Recei ved gold medal for scu lpture and bronze medal for painting at

S t . Lou is Exposi tion,

Elec ted member of the National Academy1904.

For years M r . Proctor was a huntsman ,l iv ing in the Rocky Mountains

where he made a study of wild animals . Real iz ing that he needed bet tertraining in 1887 he wen t to New York and entered the classes of the

Nat ional Academy . Being awarded the R inehart scholarsh ip he went toPar is for five years’

study in techn ique.

At the Paris Exposi t ion 1900M r . Proc tor’s well known panthers kept

guard at the entrance on the Place de la Concorde. H is“Bison”

showsevidence of the sculptor ’

s close observation and acu te sense Of the ani

mal charac ter,as do his

“Fawn,

” “Bear”and

“S triding panther .

”

O f his famous bison, M r . William Wal ton says : “To the formidablebu lk and weigh t and strength which are th is an imals obvious monumental qual i t ies the sculptor adds an ac tion

,an alertness

,head and tail

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220

Isham says : H oward Pyle is the only man who seems to know thoroughly the Colon ial and revolutionary epoch .

”

“H e liked to draw for the aCcompaniment_

of text,and did much to

dignify the prac t i ce. H is later work generally Shows him the completeartist-wri ter

,decorator

,illustrator and spiri tual th inker as in the im

aginative“Travels of the sou l” and in the

“Fate of a treasure town’

so different in charac ter .

”

S everal credi table paint ings hear his signature : “O ne hoss shay,

’

O ld v iol in,

” “Trot ting match”

; these are well known .

Arthur H oeber in the Internat ional studio for January , 1912, saysThere was someth ing convincing abou t Pyle’

s work ; his knigh ts and

ladies,his revolutionary soldiers and h is men and women of colon ial

times were to the manor born and not posed models dressed up for theoccasion The death of M r . P yle leav es a dist inc t void and his

place wi ll in all probabi li ty ne v er be fi lled for his work was ent irelypersonal

,full Of the li vel iest interest wi th great li terary as well as artis

ti c charm .

”

QU INN,EDMOND T .

, ( S .

,P . ) b . P hiladelph ia

,Pa . , December 20, 1868 .

A pupil of the Pennsyl v ania Academy of the Fine Arts,also studied nu

der I njalbert in P ar is . A member of the Nat ional S culpture S ocietyand Arch i tectural League Of Ameri ca .

The following comments are taken from the Internat ional studio55 :sup . x : “M r . Edmond T . Quinn ’

s work is besides all its other qual it ies

,eninent-ly unaffec ted . I t is th is at tri bu te of his work—fl this lack of

strain ing and the power of being subject ive rather than Objec tive in thecarrying out of it— that earned for h im the honor of being given in com

pet i t ion wi th seven other sculptors the Booth Memorial statue to be

placed in Gramercy Park by the P layers Club .

”

Quinn ’s well-known bust of Edgar Allan P oe is a complete

,vi tal

rendi t ion Of the fan tasti c poet .“Great p icturesqueness has been attained in the bust of Allan Pollock ,

the actor .

“I n the bust of M r . Franc is Wi lson,all the alert

,intell igent

,inherent

humor of that well-known ac tor has been used admirably as a motivefor a striking charac ter study .

’

Best known works are

John Howard,portrai t statue

, VVilliamsport, Pa . ;

Battle monumen t reliefs,King ’

s M ountain,S . C . ;

Zoroaster statue,Brook lyn Insti tute of arts and sciences

Swanstrom M emorial,Borough H all

,Brooklyn ;

221

Busts : E dwin Markham,Francis Wilson

,A lbert S terner

,Miss Donez

H alstead , C . H . Chavant.

M r . Quinn did the decorat ion of the Pi ttsburgh Ath leti c C lub and also

paints portrai ts .

RANGER,HENRY WARD

, ( P . ) b . near Rochester,N . Y .

,January

,1858 .

P ract i cally self-taugh t . Went to New York and took a stud io in the

early 70’s where he became acquainted w i th the works Of the B arbizon

men by which he has e v er since been influenced . H e studied many yearsin England

,France and H olland where he enjoyed an intimacy wi th

Israels,M au v e and other leaders of the Dutch school . W as elected asso

c iate member of the National Academy of Design in 1901 ; fu ll member in1906.

Al though the art isti c publi c knows li t tle Of H enry \V . Ranger, yet he is

unquest ionably one of the few great artists Ameri ca has produced . Thisis largely because he rarely exhibi ts in pub li c d isplays . H e is opposed tocompeti t ion for honor of any sort

,objec t ing on princ ip le to distinc t ions

o ther than come from the abi li ty Of his canvases to at trac t serious at tent ion .

In v iewing M r . R anger ’s pic tures one feels the presence of a single

dominat ing idea . Th is dominating cen tral idea is the mastery of tone .

This tonal qual i ty is defined as“a close and sympatheti c adjustment of

the hues and values of a pic ture to i ts dominat ing key— which is theindex of its emotional meaning .

”

(Brush P .

This tonal quali ty in M r . Ranger ’s work is jo ined wi th a strong sense

of structure and rhythmical composi t ion .

Among his best known works are

“Au tumn woodsGolden even ing— NoankB ow br idge”

Bradbury ’s mil l—pond N o . 2”

'

S pring woods”

S eptember gale~ —NoankP eaceful moonl igh t reveries

'

T he last of spring”

Spring pastu res”

A gray day”

Saunders’ hol lowConnec ti cu t woods ’

These are amp le to Show that underlying al l th i s wide range one

perfec tly defini te personali ty that is i tself th roughout able to command

H awk ’s nest pool '

O n M ason’

s islandSent inel rock”

“Noank sh ipyard“Noank street”“Flying po int”

The edge o f the woods"

lVillows”

" En trance tothe harbor '

Top Of the hill”

H igh bridge”

S ea and sky'

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moods that range from the tender and persuasive to the vigorous and

powerful .” ( I nt. studio“H is art is based on a profound and sympathet i c appreciation of

nature. An artisti c selec t ion from her various and at times conflic tingmoods, i t is with all its sc ience

,emotional .” (Brush P .

R EAD,THOMAS BUCHANAN

, (P . ) b . in Chester county,P a.

,March 12,

1822 ; (1. New York,M ay 1 1 , 1872.

M r . Read is bet ter known as a poet than a pain ter. At the age of

se v enteen he removed to Cinc innati and studied sculpture,then took up

painting. In 1841 he establ ished h imself as a portrai t painter in New

York . In 1850he went to Europe and resided several years in Rome and

Florence. Of his ideal pi ctures the“Lost Pleiad”

and the“Water

Spri te”are the most charac ter isti c .

“The tone of mind of th is ar tist is essentially poetical .” (Tuckerman’s

Book of the art ists,

” p .

“With the exception of a few histori cal and fancy pieces he has con

fined h imself to portrait painting .

”

(Nat ional M .

,

R EDE I E LD,EDWARD W ILL I S

, (P . ) b . Bridgeville,Delaware

,December 19

,

1 868 . At an early age he developed a love for art and was sent to a localacademy Where he was instruc ted in free-hand drawing ; later studiedin the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and under Bouguereauand Robert-Fleury

,P aris . H e is a member of the S ociety of American

Artists ; was elec ted assoc iate member of the National Academy OfDesign

,New York , in 1904 ; full member in 1906.

M r . Redfield has received many competitive medals.

Winter is his constan t theme. H e is a pioneer in th is country in the

real isti c painting of winter,in which field he has few equals today . The

French government has purchased his “February” for the LuxembourgGallery .

A few charac terist i c landscapes are

“Grey daysLandsc ape in AprilBrook in W inter”

H ill and valley”

The road to center bridgeFoothills of the B lue R idgeThe hemlocksSurfWinterThe three boats

The crestThe red barnDecember ”

The briar patchCedar hills”

The canal”

The old bridge”

The fallen treeOn the banks Of a

“Center bridge”

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224

was assistan t instructor . From 1 885 to 1 889 he studied in the A rt

S tudents’ League,New York

,later wen t to P aris and studied in the

Académie Julien under Boulanger and Lefebvre. Exh ibi ted in the salon

of 1889 had a studio for the summer in E taples-pas-de-Calais ; returnedto New York in 1889 . H e is a member of the T en Ameri can Paintersand one of the eigh t Ameri can art ists who painted frescoes on the domeof the L iberal Arts Building at the Columbian Exposi tion ,

1893. M r .

Reid has been instruc tor of painting in the A rt S tudents’ League and in

Cooper Inst i tu te and was elec ted member of the National Academy of

Design,New York

,in 1906. H e has recei ved many medals and pri zes .

I n the decorat ion of the L ibrary of Congress five oc tagons on the

ceil ing of the second floor and four c ircu lar panels on the wall are h iswork .

H is decorat ions for the International Navigation Company mark a

new line of work in marine arch i tec ture and decoration .

“Au tumn” is considered by some cri ti cs the best p icture he haspainted .

A few characterist i c pa intings are

“G ladiolaCanna”

T iger li ly“P ink carnationVineFleur de lys

'

Azelea”

Yellow flowerGoldfish”

H is work is devoid of any spiri tual,ph i losoph ical or phi lanthropi c

pretensions. I t exists for i tself alone,and persistently sings of you th ,

sunligh t,

flowers and supple rhythmic forms and contours .

"

( B rintonin

“Arts and Decoration” Nov.

,

Many ti tles of his pi ctures are chosen from the parti cu lar flower wh ichis given prominence in the composi t ion .

Royal Cortissoz wri tes of M r . Reid ’s work : “H is paint ings have a

durable charm . The l ivel iness of his flower-laden girls does not fade ; hiswindows and his mural decorations are as persistently persuasive : The

reason,I th ink

,is that he has a true perception of beauty and never

wearies in his pursu i t of techni cal excellence.

”

“H e has secured from impressionism

,What could be of ser v i ce to him

self— the deli cate discrim inat ion of color and the subtleties Of v arious

White parasol :

“Water spri te”

“Tennis girl”

Butterfly”

Vil lage JunoThe mirror”

Li t tle country girlMedi tation”

225

kinds of ligh t and assim i lated these fac ts into his own v igorous personali ty . (The artist 24 :1xi v . )M r. R ei d is one Of the leading impressioni sts .

R E INHART, CHARLE S STAN LEY, ( I . ) b . Pi ttsbu rgh,P a .

,May 16

,1844 ;

(1. New York , August 30, 1897 . S erved in the c i v i l war ; later engaged inmercantile business fou r years . I n 1868 went to Europe to begin a sys

tematic study of ar t. H e spent one year in Atelier S u isse,P aris

,and

then became the pupil Of P rofs . Ech ter and O t to , M uni ch ; retu rned tothe Un i ted States in 1870 and began i llustrating for v arious pub lishers ;regularly employed by Harper B ro . from 1871 -7 . H e was an assoc iatemember of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New York .

M r . Reinhart was best known for his excellent work in black and wh i tein which he is wi thou t peer . H e is equally effec t ive in co lor work

,and

was a regu lar con tribu tor to the P aris salon during the ten years he

resided at othe French capi tal .H e was one of the first to introduce painter quali t ies into illustrat i v e

work .

R EM INGTON,FREDER I C

, (P . I .

,S . ) b . Canton

,N . Y .

,O c tober 4

,1 861 ; d .

R idgev ille,Conn .

,December 26

,1909 . H e was educated at Yale A rt

S chool ( and it is said that h is eminence at col lege was on the footbal lfield rather than in the art classes ) ; also stud ied at the A rt S tudents’

League Of New York . H e was clerk in a business office,then cowboy and

s tockman on a ranch in the west ; subsequently i llustrator for magaz inestreat ing m ili tary and American subjec ts and during 1897-8 , Cubanscenes . Assoc iate member of National Academy of Design

,189 1 . M r .

Remington was the mos t eminen t and successfu l of a half dozen painterswho have made the field of Indian warfare and cowboy ad v en ture thei rown . Essent ially an i llustrator

,he never became a

“painter ’

s painter”

bu t he was the people’s fa v ori te through the subjec ts he chose.

" The

Indian appealed to h im not in any h istrioni c way bu t ju st as a

human creature.

’

Cortissoz say s :“H is nigh t scenes are bo th v eracious and beau t iful

and they exert a very original charm . H e knows how the ligh t ofthe moon or of the

.stars is d i ffused , how so ftlv and magically i t en v elops

the landscape. H is pi c tu re“T he g‘

ossi ps ' is one o f the handsomes t andmost con v incing Indian studies e v er pain ted .

”

Fami liar pa in t ings are :

“The luckless hunter" T rai ling Texas ca ttle

The moose country " “T he ch ief tain

"

29

226

The buffalo runners P i c ture writing'

The fall of the cowboy'

The winter campaignCom ing to call ' Among the led horsesA n Indian trapper "

'

Driv ing cat tle on the plainsDown ing the n igh leader " Ind ian runner”

Ad v ance guard”

I n wri t ing Of an exh ibi tion Of his p ic tures, an eminen t art crit i c saysTwo aspec ts of his abili ty as a pain ter of l ife were brough t out in Sharp

relief by th is co llec t ion Of pictures— h is authent ic interpretat ion of the

Indian,and his fideli ty to things as they are amongst our soldiers and

cowboys .

”

H is ponies are fu ll of “ horse charac ter and connoisseurs agree that inthe paint ing of the horse

,Remington surpassed M eisson ier

,Fromentin

and Detai lle. H is equestrian bronzes are pi c turesque and spiri ted . H e

approaches scu lpture from the pi c torial rather than the monumen talside.

Lorado Taft says : M r . R emington is not an in terpreter,nor is he

l ikely e v er to concei ve a theme sculpturallyH is

“Bron co buster”and

filVounded bunk ie”

are

‘

his leading sculpture.

R E If T ERDAH L,H ENRY

, ( I . and P . ) b . M almo , Sweden,Augu st 30

,187 1 .

M ember Soc iety of I llustrators and Ameri can Water Color Soc iety .

R epresented at the 45th annual exh ibi tion Of the Ameri can Water ColorS ociety .

“H enry Reu terdah l stands alone in his wonderfu l realist i c paintings

of steamsh ips laboring in tempestuous waters . H e has dramat ized thewarsh ip

,the destroyer

,the l iner and the

‘tramp as no o ther painter and

shows in his exhibi tion pi c tures a high indi cation Of h is attainment asan i llustrator and v ice v ersa .

”

B H IND,J. M A SSEY

, ( S ) b . Edinburgh , S cotland , July 9, 1860. Fromhis earl iest ch ildhood M r . B hind has modeled in clay . H is father

,John

B hind,R . S . A .

,ga v e h im instruc tions in art and while still very young

he was sent to an art school in Lambeth where he became a pupi l of

Delan,the French scu lptor , at that t ime a poli t i cal exile. Later Rhind

studied at the R oyal Academy . H e took th ree gold medals in one yearat S outh Kensington , being the first student who e v er scored such a

su ccess . Later he wen t to P ari s , then back to England and came to theUn i ted S tates in 1889 .

When he submi tted the design for the bronze doors of" Tr in i ty church ,

the world in general recogni zed h im as a powerfu l sculptor . H is designfor a fountain in Wash ington Park

,Albany

,to be erec ted as a memorial

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228

and were not th ings to play tricks with . H e did not paint a sunrise

effec t, he painted‘Sunrise.

’ H e did no t paint ‘Fog— an impression

be painted fog an ac tuali ty .

ROB IN SON,BOARDMAN

,A member Of the S ociety Of illustrators

since 1909,and has taken an active par t in the new movement— a sort

of renaissance of the art Of the cartoon .

“O f all the newspaper artists in th is country

,says William Mar ion

Reedy of the S t. Louis Mirror,

“Boardman Robinson has the finest,free

est,swash ing stroke

,the greatest daring in massing h is black and let

ting in the whi te.

”

The edi tor Of Cartoons,says : H is ideas are refresh ing, the spiri t

Of his work being at tack on Sham and on th ings,an imate or not— cus

toms, habi ts, indi v i duals, corporat ions, and so forth— that obstruc t the

path of progress .

’

“M r. Robinson is no unworthy su ccessor Of the French masters of

cari cature, Gavarni and Daumier, and h I S work shows kinsh ip wi th thatof Forain, the brilliant artist Of the Figaro .

”( Cur . lit. 53

Herbert Adams, the sculptor

,also pays a tribu te to the art of M r .

Robinson .

ROB IN SON,THEODORE

, (P .

,I . ) b . Irasburg

,V t .

, June 3, 1852 ; d . April2,1896. S tudied art in P aris under Carolus-Duran and Gerome. H e

spent the years 1884-88 with Monet at Giverny,then returned to this

country and devoted h imself to the Delaware and H udson R i ver Canalscenery . In earlier years he did a great deal of mural paint ing In New

York,and he was well known as an illustrator .

“H e ac cepted the impression ist theory that the first consciousness wereceive of an objec t consists of a confusion of color dots . But he paintedmerely in prismat i c color strokes

,varying in si ze according to the sub

ject.

”(Hartmann )

“I n'

many of his works,espec ially in ‘The girl and cow

’ he shows thereal benefi t the impression ist doctrine may convey to those whose indiv idual strength repels ill-digested imi tat ion . H e revelled in l igh t and

analyzed it wi th subtle intu i t ion growing emotional at every sunburst .“’

as str i c tly‘

a neo-impressionist .“Robinson had the facul ty to impress one wi th the spontanei ty of h is

expr ession . H is work always seem s to be done an prem ier coup . H e

possesses the true tonal i ty of nature.

” The same tone Of natu re is foundin his

“Winter landscape” ‘

as in h is“The girl and cow .

”

While studying under Carolu s-Duran and Gerome he painted“Study of a girl” the first of his pictures to be accepted by the P

229

salon . I n 1890 “VViuter landscape was awarded the Webb pri ze as the

best landscape by an art ist under fortv years of age . I n 1892 he won the

Shaw pri ze of for the figure painting in his “ I n the sun .

”

Soon after his death in 1 896 One of his pic tures was Offered as a gif tto the Metropoli tan M useum

,New York

,and the gift was declined .

Wi th in the las t four years the museum has acqu ired three Of his pi c turesand exh ibi ts a fourth whi ch is loaned .

C ox wri tes of the“cold and intellec tual gaiety”

of Robinson ’s v iews

of Giverny

R OGERS,JOHN

, ( S . ) b . Salem ,M ass

,Oc tober 30

,1829 ; (I . New Canaan

Conn .

,Ju ly 26. 1 904 .

H e was compelled to abandon the profession Of c i v i l engineering on

accoun t of weak eyes and entered a mach ine shop and modeled in claydu ring his leisure moments . Wi th the except ion of three month s inRome in 1850 when he worked in the stud io of M r . Spencer

,an Engl ish

man,he was self-taught . I n 1859 he execu ted the first of h is small plaster

groups whi ch met with such popu lar success . H e sent twenty-n ineRoger ’

s groups”to the Cen tennial Exh ib i tion in Ph i ladelph ia in 1876

,

and recei v ed the h ighest award at the Columbian Exposi t ion in 1893 forhis dignified seated figure of L incoln .

M r . Rogers was elec ted a member of the National Academy in.1863,

and belonged to the Nat ional S cu lpture Society . (Ameri can A rt A n

nual,Vol .

RO L S H O VE N,JUL IU S

, ( P . ) b . Detro i t , M i ch .

,O c tober 28 , 1858 . S tudied

art in Dusseldorf and M un i ch where he met Frank Duveneck with whomhe also stud ied , accompany h im to I taly . I n 1882 he went to Par is

and worked in the stud io of Robert -F leury . H e has exh ibi ted in Paris ,

M un i ch,Berlin

,London ,

Brussels,Vienna and F lorence and in the

princ ipal c i t ies Of the Un i ted S tates and recei ved hon'

ors and medals

and artis tic recogni tion from these exh ib i tions .

M r . R olshoven has instruc ted art classes in P aris, London and

Florence,and is a member of the Muni ch S ecession ists, the S ociété

Nationale des Beaux Ar ts , P aris, and the Chelsea A rt C lub , London .

H is present address is 15 Viale M i chelangelo , F lorence, I taly .

Drawing is perhaps the most no ti ceable strength of M r. R olshoven’

s

work . H e is also noted for the poeti c way in wh ich he treats interior

and out-of—door scenes.

H is beautiful nude “La Venere bruna, an echo of his P aris period ,done in pastel, was gi v en the place of honor in the

'

fi rst pastel exh ibi tion

in London . H is work has Of late years rebui lt i tself upon a s tronger

JUL IUS R O LSH OVEN .

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232

A ll in all i t is a most versatile one man Show,in wh ich every touch

is aesth eti c and e v ery subjec t sati sfying—

to one’

s sense of the beau tiful .

”

Bu llet in of the Detroi t Museum of A rt,January

,1912 .

“The masquerade”

one of the finest pieces Of work ever done by M r .

Rolshoven,is loaned to the Detroi t Museum of A rt. The figures were

painted from models in England and the background finished in I taly .

R OTH,ERNE ST DAVID

, (E ) b . S tu t tgart,Germany

,January 17

,1879,

came to Ameri ca wi th h is parents when he was very young . Beingobliged to work by day he at tended the even ing classes at the Nat ionalAcademy of Design studying etch ing wi th the late James Da v id Smillie.

For a number Of years M r . R oth exh ibi ted his paint ings in New Yorkand Philadelph ia. Not meet ing wi th success he wen t to Europe and

worked exclusively at etch ing . Locating in I taly,he fell under the Spell

of Florence,and so caugh t thespiri t of O ld Florence that the direc ter of

Uffiz i Gallery purchased a series of his Florent ine etch ings for the U ffiziprint department— a distingu ish ing honor .

“ In developing his: plates he does not make use of the th ree baths incu stomary use among etchers . H is method is to apply the ac id

,touch

by tou ch,with a feather

,blot t ing paper at hand . By th is method

,in

volving almost infini te labor,he is sometimes able to secu re as many

as twelve values.

”

M r . R oth ’s work has been welcomed in Ameri ca as promising well for

the fu ture Of the art .

”( I nt . studio

ROTH,FREDER ICK GEORGE R ICHARD

, ( S . ) b . Brooklyn,N . Y .

,April 28 ,

1872 . A pupi l of H ellman in Vienna,1892

,and Academy Of Fine Arts

Berlin,1894 . H e recei ved silver medal at S t. Lou is Exposi t ion ,

1904,

and was elec ted fu ll member of the National Academy in 1906. A mem

ber of the National Sculpture Soc iety,and has exh ibi ted in Europe and

the Uni ted S tates.

M r . R oth works in clay,glazed porcelain, bronze and marble. H is

group of polar bears won his elec t ion to the National Academy . H e

designed the arch i tec tural tigers for one of the gates of Princeton Uni

versi ty .

“H e is capable of produc ing a portrait of an ind i vidual creature as

Well as a symbol of the spec ies .

”(Arts D .

,

R U CK ST U H L,FREDER ICK WELL IN GTON

, ( S . ) b . Brei tenbach,Alsace

,Ger

many,M ay 22

,1853 ; came to Ameri ca when one year old . Pupil of

Academie Julien under Merc ie,Boulanger and Lefebvre. H e recei ved

honorable ment ion in the P aris salon 1889 . For many years was secretary Of the National S culpture Society .

233

Without question M r . R u ckstuhl‘

s most beaut iful work is h is marblefigu re “E v ening” wh ich be modeled in P ari s and wh ich won him an

honorab le ment ion at the salon of 1 888 and a medal at the C o lumbianExposi tion . I t is a poeti c conception very s imply expressed in a poseof unusual grace, and reveals a close study Of natu re .

”( Taft. )

O ther wel l known works of his are

“Mercu ry teasing the eagle Of Jupi ter,in S t. Loui s .

‘

S olon' in the Library of Congress and

“lVisdom”

and“Force”

the two seated fig ures wh i ch guard the eu

trance of the appellate cour t in New York Ci ty .

O ne Of his latest and most popular works is “The Spi ri t Of the confederacy.

”

(Taft )

R YDER,ALBERT P INKHA M

, ( P . ) b . New Bedford , M ass,March 19 , 1847 .

S tudied art under Yt’ illiam E . M arshall and at the National Academy of

Desig n, New York . Pract i cally self-taught . M ember of the Nat ionalAcademy of Design , N ew York , since 1906 .

The ti tles of some of his charac teristi c works gi v e an idea of the scopeof his subjec ts

“Jonah and th e whale

'

Chr ist appearing unto MaryThe story of the cross”

Chari ty”

The forest of ArdenThe li t le mai d Of ArcadyThe two lo v ers”

Constance”

The sistersDesdemonaMacbeth on horsebackM eeting the three witchesAutumn landscape”

Moonligh t”

Charles DeK ay, the art cri t i c,who real ly d isco v ered Ryder , w ri tes Of

h im as“a colorist qu i te apart from schools and mas ters who . like H omer

D . Mart in , is what m igh t be called an instructi ve coloris tGeneral ly small in size

,of ten jewel-l ike, inward lv more g low ing and

charming than L imoges enamels,his pi ctu res deal In color as the works

Of a great born composer deal in mu si c .

“H is moonligh t scenes are imbued with the witchery and mvs terv of

T he O ld mi llT he wandering cow

"

The race'

Chase”

“The pass ing songS iegfried”

Fly ing Du tchmanThe temple of the m ind '

The tempest”“P oet on Pegasus v is ting themu ses”

"

T he horsemanTwiligh t”

AUGUSTUS SAINT—GAUDENS .

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Copyright by J . E . Purdy , B oston .

JOHN SINGE R SARGENT .

237

Of the “Adams memorial” now p laced in Rock Creek cemetery nearWash ington, D . C .

,the above mentioned cri t i c wri tes : “O ne knows of

noth ing since the tombs of the Med ic i that fi lls one w i th the same hushedawe as th is Shrouded , hooded , deeply brooding figure

,rigid wi th con

templation, still wi th an eternal st illness,her soul rapt from the body

on some distant quest H er mean ing is mystery ; she is the everlasting enigma.

”

France made him an Officer Of the Legion of H onor and the art soc ietiesof France elec ted h im to the h ighest posi t ion wi thin their gift . But thehonors which he valued most of all were the degrees conferred upon himby Harvard and P rinceton~ the gratifying token of recogni t ion by greatcen ters of learning of the fac t that he had done notable work in raisingAmerican sculpture to its present heigh ts. ( Craftsman

SARGENT, JOHN S INGER, (P .

,M ural P . ) b . F lorence

,I taly

, January 12,1856

,of Ameri can parents. From his infancy he breathed an atmosphere

Of cu lture and art. H e began his art studies at the Academy Of FineArts in Florence and con tinued them in the studio of Carolus-Duran

,

Paris. At the age of twenty-two he recei ved honorable men tion in the

Pari s salon for his“Fish ing excursion .

” I n 1879 he sprang into notoriety wi th his portrai t of his master

,Carolus-Duran . H is

“E l Jaelo,

”

a dancing girl , created a sensation in 1882 ; M adame Gauthereau ’s por

trai t made h im famous and“Carmenc i ta”

was purchased by France forthe Luxembourg Gallery . H is charming “Carnat ion

,lily

,l ily

,rose

,

” was

purchased for the Royal Academy,London

,and his great canvas “The

four doc tors” was presented to the John H opkins Un iversi ty in 1907 .

I t w as his“Frieze of the prophets” inthe Boston P ubli c L ibrary that

brough t to the name of John Singer Sargen t populari ty in the Uni tedS tates

,bu t his portrai t painting has given him world-fame.

Isham says : “With all lim i tat ions and reserves made,he has talents

man ifest and unmistakable that gi v e h im securely his posi t ion as the

first portrai t painter since Reynolds and Gainsborough .

”

Kenyon Cox wri tes : “S ince the death of t istler,M r . S argent holds

by all Odds,the h ighest and mos t conspi cuous posi t ion before the world

of any art ist Whom we can claim in some sort as Ameri can— indee d, heis today one of the mos t famous artists of any coun try, eas i ly the firs tpainter of England and one Of the first where v er he may find h imself . ’

“Sargen t ’s canvas v ibra tes w i th the exqu is i te qual i ty of the themei tself

,in all its integr i ty . That is h is great gift If there is a liv

ing painter in whose interpretations of charac ter, confidence can be p laced

,it is M r . Sargent H is range is apparent ly unlim i ted .

”( Cortis

soz . )

238

Child in his“A rt and cri t i cism” has th is : M r . Sargent is ans art ist

in the noble sense of the term ; he w ill never consen t to be commonplace ;he loves rari ty ; he interests always by the distinct ion of an effort wh ichis not that of ordinary men .

”

“Possibly the feature of M r . S argent ’s work that exci tes the greatestadmiration in h is fellow -artists is his facile hand ling of the brush . The

final‘

result Of i t gi v es one the impression of work done easily— in fac trather improvised than premedi tated . B ut the impression is somewhatm isleading

,every stroke is calm ly calcu lated , e v ery touch is coolly de

signed .

”(John C . Van Dyke. )

M r . Sargent is a member Of the Royal Academy,London

,of -the S o

c iete des Beaux A rts,P aris

,Nat ional Academy Of Design

,New York , a

chevalier Of the Legion of H onor,France

,and his works are hors con

cours in the P aris salon .

The highest honor of art isti c distinc tion came to h im in 1897 when hewas invi ted to paint a portrai t of h imself to be hung in the famous portrai t gallery of the Ufi

‘izi

,Florence

,I taly . A s none bu t truly great and

world-famous art ists are thu s honored,th is compliment ensures to h im

undying fame.

M r . Sargent is now in the Un i ted S tates engaged in plac ing his lastdecoration in the

“Triumph Of religion series in the Boston Publ i c L ibrary.

S ARTA IN,W ILL I AM

, ( P . ) b . Philadelphia,P a .

,November 21

,1843. A

pupil of P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Bonnat and Ecole desBeaux Arts in P aris , he also studied in I taly and Spain ; won silvermedal in Boston ; recei v ed honorable ment ion P ennsylvania Academy of

the Fine Arts and bronze medal P an -Ameri can Exposi t ion, Buffalo, 1901 .

H e is an associate member of the National Academy ; was one Of thefounders of the S ocietv of Ameri can Art ists ; presiden t New York A r t

Club and taugh t l ife classes in A rt S tudents ’ League,N ew York .

“There is in M r . Sartain’

s work a deli cacy of tone in the simple massesnot strik ing at first

,but whose absolute j ustness is recogn i zed on longer

acquaintance. Some of h is M oor ish street scenes have a depth of lum in

ous.

atmosphere enveloping the figures in the way comparable to tha t OfP ieter de H ooge.

”( Isham . )

Cox wri tes of the romant i c feel ing and deep golden tone of S artain’

s

Kasba .

”

S C I I I LLE,AL I CE . ( P .

,M in . P . ) b . Columbus

,O h io . Pupil Of Columbus

A rt S chool , A rt S tudents’ League and New York S chool of A rt under

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240

sylvania Academy of the Fine Ar ts,Cincinnat i Museum

,Carnegie Insti

tu te,P i t tsburgh

,John H erron A rt Gallery, Indianapol is, and Corcoran

Gallery of A rt,Wash ington .

Best known paintings are

“January even ing” S and dunes near LelantWinter— snow study The packet boat”

Winter in Picardy” Early evening,Boulogne

The wood road” Below the lock“February morning Early days Of spring”

Midwinter thaw” “March snow”

_

M r . S chofield is a landscape painter who favors snowscapes ; he paintshis landscapes after thg gfashion Of the Manet impression ism— of seeingth ings flat

,as broad masses .

”

“ S chofield lays On his pigmen t in broad touches,and the pic ture has

a tendency to lie on the surface of the canvas as a decorat ive pat tern .

H is subjec ts have the qual i ty of a tapestry of deli cate gray and buffspots .

”( Isham . )

“Essentially a man of the open,M r . S chofield makes the spec tator con

sc ious of a rugged quali ty dominat ing his canvases wherein detail issub ordinated to mass and general effec t T O his excellent draughtsmanship M r . S chofield added a d isting uished feeling for tone and color,and always he had an innate sense of the pic torial grasping intu itively the possibili t ies Of the pic turesque in a composi t ion way. (A r

thur H oeber . )

SCHULER,H AN S

, ( S . ) b . A lsace-Lorraine in 1874 . When five years of

age he came with his parents to the Un i ted States . L iv ing in Bal timore,he at tended the Maryland Inst i tu te and studied wi th the Charcoal Club .

When the R inehar t S chool of Sculpture was opened he was one of the

original four students who recei v ed instruc tions . Here he studied forthree years then went to Paris in 1898 and studied at the AcademieJulien under Raoul Verlet . Dur ing the year he was in Paris he won twoclass medals

,and in 1899 the P rix H onoraire. S ain t-Gaudens became

interested in the young scu lptor and through h is influence he was

awarded the R inehar t Scholarsh ip for Paris.

H is“Ar iadne” was sen t to the salon

“

in 1901 and i t was awarded thecoveted Gold Medal ; “Paradise lost” was exh ib i ted in the salon of 1903

and “Memory,

”a tomb figure in bronze

,was completed in 1904 . Return

ing to the Uni ted S tates in 1905 he recei v ed many commissions for portrai t busts O f distinguished peopleO ne of his most beau tiful works is “Aphrodi te”

springing from the

sea foam .

241

'

S chuler’s work is strong . H is id a s are ori ginal

,his conceptions are

inspiring,life-like —almost human .

”

( I nt. studio 53 zxxix . )

S COTT , EM ILY M AR I A S PAFORD, ( P . ) b . S pr ingwater,N . Y .

,August 27

,

1832 . M rs . S cot t ’s firs t at tempt at d rawing was in the copying of fash ionplates

,because when she was young pic tu res in the fami ly were few and

far between and even chromos were scarce. She was educated in the

publi c schools of Springwater and at A nn Arbor,M i ch igan . I n

'

1871 she

went to New York Ci ty to study at the Nat ional Academy Of Design and

later entered the A rt S tudents’ League. I n 1872 she went to EuropeSpending two years in study in P ar is and in the c i t ies of I taly and othercountries . S ince 1876 her home has been in New York Ci ty . M arch 1 ,1853

,Miss Spaford was married to Charles Scot t of A nn Arbor, M i ch i

gan .

“R oses have been M rs . S cot t ’s favori te s tudy and she paints them witha tenderness and sentiment rarely seen in flower pic tures .

”

S CUDDER,JANET

, ( S . ) b . Terre H aute,Ind . A pupi l of Rebisso in C in

cinnati and Lorado Taft in Chicago ; in P aris She studied first in the

Vi tt i Academie and C olarossi"s n igh t school

,then under M acMonnies .

After an absence of three years, M iss S cudder returned to the Un i tedS tates and opened a studio in New York . H er first commission was for a

lamp post design and her second,the seal for the B ar Assoc iation Of

New York . After receiv ing commissions for several memorial tabletsand portrai ts in relief

,she again went to Par is and from there to Flor

ence,I taly

,where she had a studio for several years .

Miss S cudder has been honored in P aris, five Of her medall ion portrai tshav ing been purchased by the French government

,and these are the first

work of an Ameri can woman scu lptor to be admi tted to the Luxembourg .

Thesemedal lions are in bas-relief in marble,framed in bronze ; casts of

them have been made in gold and si l v er . One is said to be the larges tmedallion e v er made in gold

,being abou t four inches long . ( C lements

“Women in Fine Arts ”)

H er portrai t medallion Of B ishop H are is espec ially notable. Del igh tful also is the portrai t of M aster B illy Fahnestock . H er

“Sun goddess”

for the Brook lyn Insti tu te of Ar ts and S c iences,represent ing Japanese

A rt,is a gravely dignified and sig nificant scu lptural creat ion . M iss

S cudder is the only woman among the contribu ting scu lptors .

While resid ing in I taly,M iss S cudder became interested in foun tains ,

and in th is line of work She has made her larges t contri bu tions to con

temporary art .

“I t is these which gi v e the keyno te to her art,establ ish

ing its individuali ty and to a degree measuring its worth . H er theoryis that sculpture can be at the same t ime bo th gay and ser ious

,enli v ening

31

242

and upl ift ing I n her figures Of ch ildren she has embodied the veryessence Of childish glee while keeping invariably in mind the prerogat ivesof plasti c expression While her fountains are merry, they are in

nowise trivial .

”

( I nt . studio 39 :1xxxi . )M iss S cudder has been selec ted to design a decorat i v e memorial fountain to the late D . B . Burnham

,the arch i tec t

,to be placed in Burnham

Green,Manila

,P hilippines.

Several of M iss Scudder’s charming fountain centers were displayed

at and became a part of the decorat i v e exh ibi ts at the P anama-P acific

Exposi t ion .

“H er fountains and garden pieces are small and sport ive

,bu t intense

ly sincere and never tri vial .

”

T he fa v ori te subjec ts are

“Young D iana'

L i t tle lady of the sea

Young P an”

Flying cupidFrog” fountain

,M etropol i tan Museum

,N ew York .

Figh ting boys” fountain,A rt Inst i tu te

,Chicago .

S EARS,TABER (Mural P . ) b . Boston

,M ass

,1870. Pupil A c

'

adam ie

Jalien in Par is under Benjamin-Constant and Laurens ; also studied wi thMerson in P aris

,and in Florence and Rome.

Mural paintings :“S piri t of N iagara in Buffalo h istori cal soc iety .

N ew York among the nations,

” N ew York c i ty hal l .Fr ieze of the apostles

,Epiphany church

,P i t tsburgh

,P a .

S tained glass window :“P resentation in the temple .

”

(A rt P . 2

S ETON,ERNE ST THOMPSON

, ( I . ) b . S ou th S hields,E nglafid , Augus t

'

14 ,

1860. L i v ed in the backwoods Of Canada 1866-70; on the westernplains,1882-7 ; edu ca ted at Toronto Collegiate Inst i tu te and Royal Academy ,London ; studied art in P aris in 1 890 and again in 1 894

,a pupil of

Gerome,Bouguereau and Ferr ier . Exh ibi ted in the salons paintings and

drawings of wol v es,his favori te subjec t .

H e was one of the ch ief illustrators of the,Cen tury D i c tionary con

tribu ting fu lly a thousand drawings of an imals and birds ; was also offi

cial natural ist to the government Of M an i toba,and is well known as an

artist,author and lec turer .

S EWELL,R OBERT V . V .

, (Mural P . ) b . New York,1860. Pupil Of Le

febvre and Boulanger in P aris . R eceived first H allgarten pr ize Na

tional Academy of Design,1 889 ; also won many medals . Elec ted asso

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244

b .. New York Ci ty, December 13, 1857 . Pupil of William M . Chase in

New York ; Academie Julien in . P aris.

M rs . Sherwood has received many pri zes and medals for drawing and

miniature work,and was elec ted assoc iate member of National Academy ,

1906.

S HINN,EVERETT

, (P .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . Woodstown

,N . Y .

,November 6

1873. Studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts forfive years . M r. Sh inn did illustrating for P h iladelphia newspapers and

for two years furnished drawings for the N ew York P ress . H e has beenrepresented in all leading magazines

,and the B oussod

,Valadon Com

pany sent h im abroad to make pic tures Of'

the street scenes and typicallife in Par is

,exclusi vely for their t rade.

“Sh inn is a master of the paste] he knows thorough ly the possibil i t iesand the l im i tations of his medium . ( Int . studio

“M atinee crowd,Broadway”

;“French musi c hall” and “Ou tdoor

stage,France

,

”are admirable examples of his work in th is medium .

In his mural decorations he re v i v es_the eigh teenth century French

painting, copying the style of Wat teau,Fragonard and Boucher .

M r . Gallat in says of Shinn’s decorat ions : “W e have very charming

souven irs of the joyous days when Lou is XVI sat upon the throne of

France .

” H is latest and most successful effort in th is l ine is a seriesof panels painted for W . M . Sal isbury ’

s house at P ittsfield,Mass .

M r . Sh inn has been greatly influenced by Degas with whom he studieddrawing .

S H INN,FLORENCE SCOVEL

, ( I . ) b . Camden,N . Y . S tudied art at the

P ennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts ; aux illustrator since 1897 .

H er keen sense of humor crops ou t in every group,and the turn Of a

line gives a comical effec t . The pecu liar gift that M rs . S h inn is en

dowed with is that she can draw the most pi tiful l i t tle figures and yet

infuse into the pi c ture a happy,healthy atmosphere that impresses us

wi th the worth and joy Of l iv ing . H er charac ters are never cari catures ;they are appealing and provoke the laugh ter that bears no mal i ce .

S H I RLAW, WALTER, (P . ) b . P aisley

,S co tland

,August 6

,1838 ; d .

Madrid, S pain, December 29, 1909 . Began his career as an engraver and

illustrator ; was thirty-two years of age when he went abroad to study .

After seven years in the school in Mun i ch under the instruc tion of

Wagner and Kaulbach,he returned to th is country and devoted himself

to the interests and advancemen t of national art . H e was one of the

first instructors at the A rt S tudents’ League, New York . O ne Of thefounders, and the first president Of the S oc iety of American Artists.

245

Earlier pi c tures“Toning of the bell A study of a headS heep—Shearing in the Ba v arian “

Feed ing the poul tryh igh lands” “Good morning”

The young patri c ian “S heep”

O ther works“Capelmeister

”

The fiddler”

Very old”

S leep”

Gathering seaweedR oses

”

The dancerM arble quarry

M r . Shirlaw recei ved medal of the Royal Academy,M uni ch ; honorab le

ment ion at the P ar is Exposi t ion in 1889 ; assoc iate member of the Na

tional Academy of Design,New York

,1878 ; full member , 1888 .

“The name and fame Of Walter Shirlaw wi ll,however

,be more certain

ly perpetuated through h is gifts as a master Of decorati v e arts and bythe influence and effec t Of h is rare personal i ty and noble charac ter on

con temporaneous art development . ” ( I nt. studioShirlaw ’

s strong point is not color ; he shows a decided leaning tosculpture. ( Innes

“S chool of paint ing .

I n the Morgan Memorial A rt Gallery at H artford,Conn .

,there has

recently been hung one Of M r. Shirlaw ’s important canvases— “

The mar

ble quarry .

” I t is an I talian landscape.

“This landscape more thanholds its own in proxim ity to an exqu isi te Corot , as wel l as in c loseassoc iat ion with worthy examples of Daubigny , Troyon and Ju les Du

pre.

”

S H U Lz,A DO LrH R OBERT

, (P . ) b . Delavan,

.VVisconsin , June 12,1869 .

Studied abroad at the Academie Ju lien under Lefebvre, Benjamin-C on

stant,Laurens and o thers . Specialtv : landscapes ; also a teacher.

At an early age M r. S hu lz became interested in the study Of trees,their format ion and color . H e also became fami liar with thei r ind i v idualaspec t wh ile the moods of the sky were h is deligh t .

Autumn fog

Spr ing songFrost and fog(Arts D .

Indian girlEager for the frayAutumn”

Br i t tanyAmong the old poetsR hubarb green”

Checker players

46

S I—I RADY ,H ENRY M ERWIN

, ( S . ) b . New York,O c tober 24

,1871 . A son

of Dr . George F . S hrady,one Of General Gran t ’s physicians

,he gradu

ated from the law department of Columbia College, bu t never took upthe profession . R ecovering from an illness he engaged in mercanti le business unti l 1 900 when a financial failure caused him to take up d rawingand model ing . H is first effort was the painting of a mouse . H is wifeoffered i t to the Nat ional Academy of Design for exh ibi tion . I t wasac cepted and hung and later sold for $50. A study of kit tens followedth is brough t a fair pri ce . S ketching at the Zoological Gardens he interested Karl Bitter

,the sculptor

,who in v i ted him to share his stud io ;

here be modeled the colossal figures wh ich decorated the bridges inthe grounds of the P an-Ameri can Exposi t ion at Buffalo

,1901 .

In 1909 he was elec ted an assoc iate member of the Nat ional Academyof Design .

Designs by thirty-four compet i tors were submitted for the Gran tM emorial to be erec ted in Wash ington , D . C . M r . Shrady was awardedthe comm iss ion H e had pre v iously won the commission for

the “fash ington statue,Brooklyn

,N . Y .

,and also been commiss ioned

by the Holland S ociety Of New York to make an equestrian statue of

Wil liam the S ilent .W r i ting o f the Grant Memorial

,a cri ti c says of the artillerv group

“Noth ing in monumental scu lpture cou ld well be more spiri ted and

imposing then the v iew from the fron t of these three great arti lleryhorses .

” M r . Sh rady again illu strated his intimate knowledge and anatomical fami liar i ty w i th h is subjec ts in seiz ing upon and

arresting the happy momen t whi ch presents less stress and strain in

conveving the Spiri t of li fe and mot ion .

”(Jour . of Amer . H ist“

.

S I M MON S,EDWARD EMERSON

, ( P .

,Mural P . ) b . Concord , Mass

,O c to

ber 27,1852 ; a nephew of Ralph “(

aldo Emerson ; graduated from H ar

vard in 1874 . Studied art in Boston,then wen t to Paris and studied

under Bou langer and Lefebvre in the Academie Julien ,winn ing the gold

medal of the studio at the end Of his first season . H e has been a pro

fessional painter since 1879 . I s a member of the T en Ameri can Painters .

H as li v ed much abroad in B ri t tany,France

,and in Cornwall

,England ,

bu t since 1893 has l i ved ch iefly in New York .

I t was from B ri t tany that he sent to the P aris salon of 1882 h is

paint ing “The washerwoman” which brough t h im honorable mention .

Th is model was rendered famou s by serving as the heroine for B lancheWil lis H oward ’

s novel,

“Guenn

” which was wr i t ten that year at C on

carneau .

M r . S immons painted Breton themes exclusively unti l he took up hisresidence in S t . I v es

,Cornwal l . Here he became assoc iated with a colony

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SLADE,C . ARNOLD, S tudied under Laurens and sketched in the

East as well as in I taly and France. One Of the fewAmeri can painterswho are spec ial i z ing in religious subjec ts . S ome of h is can v ases remindone of Tanner’

s ; they have found their way into several famous colleet ions . H is

“Christ on the mountain is considered to be a masterpiece“fu ll of the Spell of the East and the solemni ty of the occasion .

”

William R . Lester wri tes tha t S lade’s viewpoints are original and

pi c torially interesting ; that his pi ctures “ha v e the dist inc tive note of

the modern French school'

vibran t,clear

,luminou s and imaginat i ve .

”

( I nt . studio 51 : cxxxi . )

S LOAN,JOHN

, ( P . I .

,E . ) b . Lock Ha v en,

-P a.

,Augu st 2

,1871 . Studied

in the e v en ings for a Short t ime at the P ennsyl v an ia Academy of the

Fine Arts,Philadelph ia , bu t in general he may

' be said to be self-taugh t .For several years he was staff art ist on the P hiladelphia Press ; later

was instruc tor in A rt Students’ League,P hiladelph ia .

The following extrac ts are from an art i cle wh ich appeared in Craftsman 15 :559 :

“H e early learned to handle the etcher ’

s needle with a measure of dis

tinction,bu t he did not take up painting unt il abou t ten years ago .

“I n 1904 he left Ph iladelph ia and S ince then he has made his home In

New York City,just ou tside the Tenderloin d istri c t .

“John Sloan is classed as a member of what is known in our academic

art c ircles as the R e v olutionary gang , or the B lack school .

’

One finds a li terary analogy to S loan’s art in the works Of both

Dickens and Balzac John S loan,both in his paint ings and in the

brill iant relent less l i t tle etch ings which gi v e su ch v ivid gl impses of New

York l ife,shows no tendency to grasp human wretchedness in the mass

bu t rather to show here and there a detached bi t of life which has thepower of suggesting the whole- turbid current .

“The coffee l ine”recei v ed honorable men tion at the Carnegie Insti

tu te 1905 and was the most talked of pi cture of the entire exh ibi tion .

The scene of“The coffee line” is Madison S quare on a bi tter blustery

nigh t in winter where the sh iver ing unemp loyed are' forming a ragged

wai t ing line at the rear of a hot cod ee wagon . Startling in its fidel i ty ,the pic ture displays S loan in one of his mos t tense and dramati c moods .

”

SMEDLEY,W I LL I A M THOMAS

, (P .

,I . ) b . Chester county

,P a .

,March 26,

1858 . Entered newspaper Off ice at fifteen ; studied engrav ing in Philadelphia and art in the P ennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts ; went toNew York in 1878

,and later to Par is where he studied under Jean P aul

Laurens . H e opened a studio in N ew York in 1880 and has since beenac ti v ely engaged as illustrator for Harper’

s and other standard period

249

icals . In 1883 he was engaged by publ ishers of“P i c turesque Canada

to travel w i th the M arquis of Lorne th rough the wes t and NorthwestCanada and illustrate the work ; has since made several sketch ing tou rsin Uni ted S tates and in 1890 around the world .

I n 1881 he made his first con tribu tion to the Nat ional Academy of

Design,New

'York , and in was represented,for the first t ime

,in the

P aris salon . In 1890 won the Wi lliam T . E v ans prize with “A Thanksgi v ing dinner .

A s an i llustrator,M r . Smedley depi c ts high and low l ife wi th equal

ski ll .

H is i llustrations of Warner'

s“Golden house and H owell’s “Their

s i l v er wedding journey” may be ci ted as examples of his su ccess in one

d irec tion , and those Of T . A . Janvier’s

“Casa Napoleon”and M iss M ur

free’s

“S trange peoples’ country”of h is su ccess in the other .

Elec ted member of the Nat ional Academy of Design, New York , in1905 .

Burl ington magazine says : “Smedley seems like an Ameri can Ghirlandajo .

”

“H is pen execu t ion,free and unrestrained

,displays the habi t of the

sketcher .

”

S M ILL IE,JAME S D .

, (P .

,E . ) b . N ew York

,Ju ly 1 6

,1833 ; d . September

14,1909 . The son Of a jeweler and S ilversmi th , he did etch ing before he

was eigh t years O ld . The sent imental bias of early years is shown In

a weeping wi llow and tombstone,whi le a struggle to break the bonds of

conventionali ty is eviden t in a processional line of six or eigh t blacklooking buffaloes . H e says : “If I remember r igh tly

,sun , moon and

stars appeared in the firmament .

” At four teen years of age he madeambi tious illustrat ions of M ilton’

s“P aradise lost .”

In 1862 he wen t abroad to study,having pre v iously been emp loyed in

bank-note engraving . I n 1864 he abandoned engra v ing and took uppaint ing . In 1865 he was elec ted an associa te member of the NationalAcademy Of Design and an academician in 1876 . \Vas the founder of the

Ameri can “fater-color S ociety,ser v ing as presi den t and treasurer. I t

was to the efforts of M r . Smi llie and Dr . L . M . Yale,an amateu r et cher

Of meri t,tha t the organ i zation Of the New York E tching Club was

effected .

H e etched almost the entire work on the large p lates .

“ Chi ldhood ,

Manhood”and

“O ld age”

after Cole’s painting ent i t led “ V ovage of

life.

”

Upon the formation Of the P ain ter-E tchers S ociety of London in 1860.

( S ir Francis Seymour-H aden,presiden t ) , he was made one of the

“o rig

inal” fellows . R epresent ing Ameri can etchers , he made a collec tion of

250

their productions and sen t them to the first exhibi t ion of that soc ietyin London .

“H e is possessed not only Of the qual i t ies needed by an original etcher

bu t the powers of adaptation .

S M ITH,FRANC I S H O I

’K I N SON, ( P .

,I . ) b . Bal t imore

,Md .

,O ctober 23,

1838 ; (I . New York Ci ty , Apr il 7 , 1915 . H e belongs to a family of art

ists , his great grandfather , Franc is H opkinson,a signer of the Declara

t ion of Independence, being an amateu r in water-color and h is grandfather , Judge Joseph H opk inson

,the first presiden t Of the P ennsylvania

Academy of the Fine A rts . When a boy M r . Smith began to paint andhas made thou sands of sketches and stud ies in the open air . H e not

only seems at his strongest in charcoal bu t he prefers i t to lead,in Oils

or to water—colors ; as an art ist he is substantially self-taugh t .H is paint ings are all

‘

of a summer-like charac ter .

“'

Francon ia Notchis remarkably successfu l in the del ineation of falling water and the mosscovered rock s wh i ch line the ra v ine.

O f h is views of Ven i ce,Isham says : “They are not emotional

,they are

not subtle, they are not tonal , bu t they are very charming with theirdeli cately colored sk ies , their luminou s air

,their Soft sunli t marbles and

clear cool shadows .

”

“H is water-color Sketches h ave a softened bri lliancy,a breadth of

treatmen t and a simpli c i ty that gives e v idence Of prac t i cal sk ill and

carrying the idea that the effort was one Of expression and that he hasportrayed the scene ju st as i t was at the time he sketched i t . ” (Nat.

Cyc . Am . Biog . )“ In h is cloud efl ects and in his representat ion of l impid water M r .

Sm ith shows very exceptional abi li ty .

”

H e ach ieved d istinc tion as an art ist,

author,lec turer

,cri ti c play

wrigh t,engineer and expert br idge constructor .

S M ITH,JE SSIE W ILLCOX, (P .

,I . ) b . Phi ladelphia

,P a. Educated in

pr ivate schools ; stud ied art at the P ennsylvan ia Academy of the FineArts and under H oward Pyle at Drexel Inst i tu te.

Miss Smith was a k indergarten teacher unti l her health failed ; She hasbeen engaged as an artist and an i llustrator since 1890 and her work is

seen in all the leading Ameri can magaz ines . H er first ac tual work wasin the ad v ert ising departmen t of the Ladies’ H ome Journal .

“Jessie Willcox Smith ’

s parti culari ty is the decorat i v e use Of everyday subjects . She paints or d raws in broad flat masses and is almostJapanesque in her use of the planes Of her composi t ion . (B ookbuyer

24

“H er gardens smell of roses and O ld -fash ioned blooms .

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work she shows the firm and direc t drawing,the v igorous and gay color

ing, the strong charac ter that are evident in h is miniatures. (ArtsD .

S PERRY,EDWARD P ECK

, (M ural Member Of Ameri can Society OfMural Pain ters

,and New York A rch . League. Spec ialty

,stained glass .

STANLEY,JAME S M .

, (P b . Canandaigua, N . Y .

, January 17 , 1814 ; d .

Apr il 10,1872 .

In 1834 he removed to Michigan and in 1835 commenced the professionof portrai t paint ing in Detroi t . Went to Ch icago in 1837 and for the

following two years he painted portrai ts of Indians and took sketches ofthe Indian country in the region of Ft . Snelling

,M inn . Subsequently he

followed his profession in New York Ci ty, P h iladelph ia, Baltimore and

Troy,N . Y . I n 1842 he traveled extensi vely o v er the western pra irie,

paint ing the portrai ts of the leading warriers ( in full costume) aroundFort Gibson

,A rk .

,and in Texas and New Mexi co . After spending some

time in the Hawai ian Islands he returned and l ived in Wash ington,D . C .

,

then took up his permanent residence in Detroi t,M i ch igan .

M r . S tanley placed a valuable collec tion of portrai ts of the Indianch iefs of Ameri ca in the Smithson ian Inst i tu tion ; these were destroyedby fire in 1865 ; there were 152 paint ings . O ne of the most importantpaintings ,

“The trial of R ed Jacket,

” was exh ibi ted in all the principalc i ties of Ameri ca and Europe and finally placed in Detroi t

,valuable

bo th h istori cally and art ist i cally i t was appraised at H is por

trai ts of dist ingu ished men from all par ts of the Uni ted S tates won h imdeserved renown .

M r . Stanley was the organi zer of the Western A rt Assoc iat ion and one

of the founders Of a gallery of pain ting that in later years became a

permanent and valuable acqu isi t ion to Detroi t . (Nat . Cyc . Am . B iog .

STANTON,LUCY M A Y

, (M in . P . ) b . Atlanta,Ga.

,M ay 22, 1875 . Pupil

Of Colarossi A cademy,S imon, B lanche, Gandara and A . Koopman in

Par is. M ember Pa . Soc iety Of Miniature Painters. Special ty : portrai ts .

Also teacher .

Miss Stan ton’s name is included in a group of min iature painters

whose work is commented on as follows : “Their min iatures are executedin a broad , free style

,difficul t to at tain on i vory

,bu t very delightful

when done w i th the spontanei ty and freshness of color exh ibi ted in the

Work of - these artists . The color in these is spread on the i vory like a

stain and is lef t untouched save for a few ac cent ing touches here and

theref ’

253

S TEELE,H ELEN M CKAY (M rs . B rand t T . S teele ) , ( P .

,I .

,S tained glass

designer ) b . Indianapolis ,Ind . Pupi l Of T . C . S teele and lVil liam For

syth . S pec ial ty : portrai t sketches and designs for stained glass .

STEPHEN S,AL ICE BARBER

, ( I . ) b . Salem,N . Y .

,1858 . “f

as educated inthe publi c schools o f Phi ladelph ia ; received her art education in the

P h i ladelph ia S chool Of Design for Women and in the P ennsyl v an ia A cademy Of the Fine Arts . She has been wood -engra v er for S cribner ’

s and

illustrator for Harper’s,Century and other magazines ; has also illus

trated for the Ladies’ Home Journal , and taugh t portrai t and l ife classesin the Phi ladelph ia School of Design for women . A lthough M rs. Stephenshas studied in Paris in the Academie Julien and at Colarossi ’s she re

gards her development due to her P h iladelph ia instruc tion and exper

ience in her own studio .

There is a pecu liar tenderness in her conception of ch i ldhood ; entirelyfree from pret tiness and sent imental i ty .

“Al i ce Barber S tephens is a talent somewhat akin to Sterner . She is

known for her imaginat ion and fac ile powers of expression .

”(H art

mann . )“Al though nearly all Of her pic torial composi tions are constru c ted and

execu ted wi th understanding, they are seldom . spontaneously dramat i cand it is therefore in pi c tures of qu iet scenes and rural inc idents thatM rs . Stephens excels.

” She regards the illustrat ions for “F ish in’Jim

my”as among her most sat isfac tory achie v ements . The Bret H arte

pic tures and the i llustrat ions for “John Halifax, gentleman, and“M id

d lemarch”are in another vein and one in which M rs . S tephens is not

qu i te so conv incing .

”

The beau tiful i llustrations for James Lane A llen ’s

“I n Arcady” were

made by her for that story at the au thor’s own request . She was Conan

Doyle’s selec tion

,also

,of an illustrator for his “S tark Monroe” papers.

(Brush P .

STERNE,MA UR ICE

, ( P .

,E . ) b . Libau

,R ussia

,1877 . t en fourteen

years Of age emigrated wi th his wi dowed mother to New York . H e

attended nigh t school ; later joined a class at the old Academy of Designand attended other art schools in the c i ty . H e won prizes w i th ease.

Y Villiam M . Chase encouraged and honored h im by pu rchasing one of

his can v ases for a Substantial sum Of money . H e also ach ie v ed localfame by making a series of etch ings , ch ief among them the I s lam ]set ; he assisted the la te James D . Smillie as ins truc to r o f etch i ng . H e

went to Europe in 1904,and studied in Greece and the O rient .

“Sterne’

s plates are notable for their sinceri ty , freshnes s and noveltv .

254

and they received special and very favorable ment ion when they wereafterwards exhibi ted in the P ar is salons .

’

“I n balance and color

,transi tion of tones

,and in their savage nudi ty

they resemble the work of Matisse,bu t S terne is not a reflec t ion of the

French so-called post -impression isti c movement . ” ( I nt . studio 46 : i i i . )“Rockaway beach”

and“Harbor scene”

are probably his most important plates, though “M aggie” was a pri ze winner

,and many of his por

trai ts parti cu larly “The reader”and

“A profile”are espec ially del i cate

,

and finely etched .

”(Brush P .

STERNER,ALBERT EDWARD

, ( P .

,I . ) b . London

,England

,November 8

,

1863. At the age of eleven,his fami ly wen t to Birmingham

,England

to l i v e and he entered King Edward ’s S chool at the head of a compet i t i v e

list of seven hundred students ; took the pri ze in drawing and after studying at the Birmingham A rt Insti tu te

,where he won a scholarsh ip

,went

to Germany in h is fi fteenth year . When he was eigh teen he came to hisparen ts who had preceded h im to Chicago . H ere he took up l i thography ,scene painting and d rafting on wood for engra v ers and designers .

In 1885 took up his residence in N ew York,where he i llustrated for

L ife,

” “S t . N i cholas

,

”and “H arper .

” Three years later went to P arisand studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts and at Academie Julien underBoulanger and Lefebvre . R eceived honorable mention in 1891 for a

painting in oil“The bachelor”

exh ibi ted in the salon,to which he was a

regular contribu tor . Associate member National Academy of Design,19 10.

H e has i llu strated “Prue and I” by George Wi lliam Curt is

,works of

Edgar Allen P oe and“Eleanor” by M rs . H umphrey Ward .

“H e 1s an admirable painter , a soft,ri ch and brill ian t colorist . Th is

quali ty of.

color finds its way into his black and white. H is ch ief quali tyis his artisticness . H e is a conservati ve radical in art .

”

(Quarterly I llustrator Vol .

M r . S tern‘

er has recently appeared in a new role— that of making portrai ts in red chalk— called by the French “

sangu ines .

”

( Int . studio35 zl iv . )Ernest K nau fft says : “The man tle of Edwin A . Abbey has fallen upon

the shoulders of Albert E . S terner,who is almost the sole representative

of sentiment in i llustration . H is techn ique is not so expert as that ofAbbey bu t at his best he far transcends the average illustrator ,and we find the genuine ring of art

,the true poeti c feeling dominat ing

his productions .

“L ike Blake and P oe in their poetry,M r . S terner sets aside the rules

of con v ention and breaks loose from the leading strings of schools,his

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256

painted three kings and many celebrated people. H is represen tat ion of

Kemble,the great actor , as

“R i chard the th ird

,

” is considered one of the

strongest examples of brushwork ever produced in E ngland . R eturningto the Uni ted S tates in 1792 , he opened a studio in N ew York .

H is famous portrai t of VVashington— the“Athenaeum portrai t -now

in the Boston M useum of Fine Arts,is the only one to be uni versally

accepted as a fai th ful likeness of the father of h is country . The“Gibbs

C hanning” Washington— the one show ing'

the righ t side of the faceis in the Metropoli tan Museum of A rt, N ew York .

Gilbert S tuart st i ll holds his place among our best painters, and evenamong his great contemporaries in E ngland . Tuckerman says : “

H is

best portrai ts are glimpses of charac ter .

”

S ULLY,THOMAS

, (P . ) b . Horncastle, L incolnsh ire, England , June 8 ,1783 ; (1. Ph i ladelph ia

,P a .

,No v ember 5

,1872 . H is parents were ac tors

and in 1792 with their family of n ine ch i ldren came from England toCharleston

,S outh Carolina . Lawrence S u lly

,h is brother

,was a min ia

tu re painter in R i chmond,Va .

,and in 1799 Thomas jo ined h im and

painted wi th him unti l his ( Lawrence ) death in 1804 .

In 1 806 he remo v ed to N ew York ; then for a short t ime resided inBoston for instruction from Gilbert S tuart . H e studied under BenjaminWest in London in 1 809

,and set tled permanently in Ph i ladelph ia in

18 10 when he became the most fash ionable pain ter of the day.

H e v isi ted England in 1837 and painted a full-length portrai t of QueenVictoria . Between 1820-40 he exhibi ted ten portrai ts at the R oyal Academy.

. A t an h istori cal portrai t exh ibi tion at the P ennsy lvan ia Academy of

the Fine Arts,1887 -88

,Thomas S u lly was represented by 106 pic tures,

“showing great versatil i ty and extraordinary powers of conception and

execu tion .

“Su lly is the connec t ing l ink between the dawn and merid ian of Amer

i can art.

”(Tuckerman . )

“Thomas Su lly was called the ‘S ir Thomas Lawrence of

H is general style is similar to that of the famous painter of'

E nglish

women .

”

S YLVE STER,FREDER I CK O AKE S

, ( P . ) b . Brockton,Mass

,O ctober 8 , 1869 .

M r . Syl v ester was professor of drawing and paint ing at Newcomb C ollege

,

“

New O rleans,1881 -2 ; instruc tor in drawing in S t. Lou is h igh

school,1892-1909 . H e has done mural work and is the author of

"The

grea t ri ver” poems and pictures

,bu t is bet ter known as the

“P ainter of

the M ississippi .”

257

O ne of his best canvases is o f the E ads b ridge,S t. Lou is . T he painting

was awarded a medal at the S t. Lou is Expo s i t ion ,1001 .

S YMON S,GEORGE GARDNER

, ( P . ) b . Ch icago,U L

,

”

1861 . He studied art

at the A rt Inst i tu te, Ch icago , in P ari s , M uni ch and London ; is a mem

ber of the National Academy o f Des ign,R oyal Soc iety o f B ri tish A rtis ts .

Union Internationale des Beaux A rts et des Lettres and S o ciety o f

Wash ington Artists ; has been awarded the'

iarnegic pr ize , Na tionalAcademy of Design ; E v ans pr ize, S almagu nd i C lub , pri ze and go ldmedal of Nat ional Arts Club and many o thers .

S everal of M r . Symons’ bes t and most favo rab ly recei v ed paintingshave been snow scenes and he stand s exceptional ly h igh as a snowpainter . I n his western scenes he sho vs the

'

go rgeousness o f the GrandCanyon or the sombre green of the desert . H e has pam ted the Berkshires in all seasons .

“M r . Symons has painted many admirable snow scenes bu t h is aut

umus have an immense charm and poet ic quali ty and h is springs a

Chaucer-l ike freshness and undertone of poten t life I n color M r .

Symons is v i v id and powerf ul and in his d istances part i cu larly happy inthe sense of far-reach ing depth and the gradation of v alues . ( O u tl .

105 z886. )

Winter sun is owned by the A rt Inst i tu te, Chicago ;“ S now c louds ;

Corcoran Gallery of A rt, Wash ington,D . C . ;

“O palescent r i v er, ' Metropoli tan Museum ,

New York .

“Winter evening” was accorded a posi t ion of honor in the 19 11 springexh ibi t ion of the Nat ional Academy . I t shows the late afterg low seen

across snowfields and reflec ted in a brook in the foreground .

O ther notable paintings are

“Winter stood at the gate” Under a b lue skv

R ock -ribbed h ills in winter Snow clad field s in morning'

Winding river l igh t”

Winter glow” SorrowYou th” “The brook

M r .Symons is an ou t-door pain ter ; he does his painting entirelv ou t

of-doors .

T A ET,LORADO

, ( S . ) b . E linwood , l l l .

,Apri l 29 , 1800. H e was edu cated

at the Uni versi ty of I ll ino is where his father , Don T af t was a pro

00 o o o o

i fl j

o

o

.‘

1 j a )

fessor of geology . H i s artist ic train i ng was ( O l l l lfl t i t tl In t an s “ li t l t ll t

studied th ree y ears at the E cole des B eaux A r ts .

M r .

Taft has been ins tructo r in the A r t I ns t itu te o f (‘

ln cago s ince

1886 ; lec turer of art, universitv extens ion departmen t. I

'

n iverS I tv of

33

HE NRY O SSAWA TANNE R .

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260

was “The sabot maker .

” In 1896 he entered his “Daniel in the lions’ den

which recei v ed honorable mention . In 1897 he showed “R aising of Laz

arus” which won a medal and was purchased by the French governmen tfor the Luxembourg ;

“Christ and the disciples at Emmau s” has also beenplaced in the Luxembourg .

I n 1898“The annunc iation was exhibi ted and proved one of the suc

cesses of the year .

“The pic ture has spiri tual i ty so far that i t suggeststhe mystery of the conception . ( Caffin in

“Art ist” 24 :xiv . )In 1900 he showed “N i codemus coming to Christ .” In his “Fligh t of

Judas” his idea of dramat i c power seems to be carried to the most forceful expression yet ach ieved ; i t has the accent of inspiration .

”(O utl .

H is“Fi v e wise and five fool ish virgins was given a place of honor in

the salon of 1908 .

M . M . Benjamin-Constan t,Gerome

,and in fac t all the leaders of

French painting today ha v e recogn i zed M r . Tanner a true art ist and manand have come to esteem him for his personal quali t ies as for those whichhe has shown in his work .

A n eminen t art cri t i c says : “I n religious feel ing M r . Tanner seemsnearer to Fra Bartolommeo than to any other ar tist past or present .”

A marked and welcome quali ty in all his pic tures is atmosphere.

TARBELL,EDMUND C .

, (P . ) b . Groton ,Mass

,Apr il 26

,1862. Pupi l of

Grundmann at the Museum of Fine Arts,Boston ; also studied under

Boulanger and Lefebvre in P aris . H e has been instructor in drawingand paint ing in the Boston A rt Museum since 1889 and been awardedmany pr i zes for his paintings including P ennsylvan ia Academy of the

Fine Arts medal of honor,1908

,and gold medal of the National Acad

emy of Design,1908 .

I S a member of the T en Ameri can P ainters. Assoc iate member National Academy of Design

,1894 ; full member, 1906 .

Tarbell’s interiors compare fa v orably with the paintings of the famousDutch painters and none bet ter than he has pic tured our contemporaryhome life Sunligh t and atmosphere pervade the rooms which Tarbellpic tures . T o Tarbell his art is primari ly , almost exc lusively , a med iumof expression of abstrac t beau ty .

’

Ph ilip A . H ale,the well known artist cri t i c

,wrote in 1898 : “ Tarbell ’

s

‘Venetian blind ’ is the best pi cture that has been done in Ameri ca”and

the jury of the Carnegie Inst i tu te endorsed th is opinion by awarding thepic ture the gold medal .

“One of the th ings that makes Tarbell’s paint ings different from thatof other men is the way he treats shadows . (Arts and D .

Caffin said : “Girl reading”seems a lesson in the hol iness of beauty .

261

H is art,in fac t

,has the quali ty Of symbolism by wh ich the modern mind

in endeavoring to interpret “the subs tance o f th ings hoped for, the evi

dence Of th ings not seen .

” H is v igorous,dash ing brush work is always

sure to at tract attent ion . This was the princi pal meri t of his pri ze pi cture— “The bath .

“Tarbel l ’

s characterist i cs are bri ll iant versat i li ty,dexteri ty wi th the

brush,and spontaneousness of effec t ; all regulated by innate good taste,

‘

for he has li t tle or no reserve power .

”(T he artists

,27 :xxvi i . )

Freder i c W . Colburn , in an appreciat ive art i cle on Tarbell,says :

Among various groups and fac tors Of painters and by the publi c at

large, he has come to be regarded as among the most able of liv ingpain ters .

”

In wri t ing of“Girl reading

,

”Julia de VVO lf Addison ,

says : “Tarbel lis past master in making intent ional effec ts appear qui te accidental ,giving th is pic ture a pecul iarly natural and easy quali ty both in co lorand form .

”

“Tarbell regards the human brain merely as a med ium for

preceiving effec ts Of ligh t .” (M iither . )

Kenyon C ox has writ ten :“I n the work of M r . Tarbell there is an

elegance of arrangement,a thoroughness in the nota tion of gradation of

ligh t , a beau ty and a_charm that were learned Of no modern .

”

A nd again :“The best example Of M r . Tarbell ’s draugh tsmansh ip is

perhaps the head of the‘Girl mend ing .

’ The head of the girl in‘P reparing for the matinee’

is not so fine in type, bu t its modeling in thedeli cate half-shadow cast by the hat and the upra ised arm s

,is no th ing

less than masterly .

”

“N O one since Vermeer h imself has made a flat wall so interesting has

so perfec tly rendered its surface,its exac t distance beh ind the figu re, the

play Of ligh t upon i t for the amoun t of air in fron t of i t . (BurlingtonMagaz ine

TAYLOR,W ILL I AM LA DD

, (P .

,I . ) b . Grafton

,M ass

,Dec . 10 1854 . Edu

cated at Worcester, Mass,and in art schools of Boston and New York

and studied 1884-85 under Boulanger and Lefeb v re, P aris . Tra v eled ex

tensively, making a parti cu lar study Of mediae v al arch i tec ture, costumes

and custom s. Set tled in Bos ton 1888,and has s ince that time been a

well known painter and illustrator .

The work whi ch has given M r . Taylor most repu ta tion,and righ tly , is

his illustrat ion Of Owen M ered i th ’s poem enti tled " The earl

’

s retu rn .

”

Illness and a year’s sojourn in Colorado resul ted in se v eral paint ings

of the Rocky mountains .

“The Caribou hunter”and

"Shooting the Rap

ids”are excellen t works of the period .

Recent works as an i llustrator are selec t ions from Longfellow’

s poem .

62

the psalm ser ies,a series of New England scenery, and a book of pic tures

of American life.

“The boy Christ’

Evangeline”

Minnehaha and HiawathaThe village blacksmi thThe hanging Of the craneMaidenhood”

The O ld clock on the stai rs

Psalm series

“When I consider the heavens. ( P s . vi i i . )The Lord is my Shepherd .

”(P s . xxi i i . )

When I medi tate on Thee in the nigh t watches. ( P S . lxi i i . )H e shall gi ve h is angels charge over thee.

”(P S . xci . )

I wi ll l if t up mine ey es unto the h ills .

”( P s. cxxi . )

Ch i ldren are an heri tage of the Lord .

”( P S . cxxvi i . )

THAYER,ABBOTT H ENDERSON

, (P .

,M ural P . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,August

12,1849 . Began to draw and pain t before he was ten years O ld . H e was

educated at Chauncy H all School,Boston, and before he was eigh teen

received as high as fifty dollars for dog por trai ts .

H e was first known in New York as an an imal painter and i t was notunti l he wen t to Paris ( 1875 ) and studied in the Ecole des Beaux Artsunder Gerome and Lehmann tha t he began to make portrai t paintinga spec ialty and do some landscape work . I s a member of the A ca

demia de San Luca,Rome

,and of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New

York .

“S leep,

an i deal i zed l ikeness Of his eldest daugh ter as a sleepinginfant

,was one of M r . Thayer’ s earliest pic tures to at tract general at ten

ion . H is three masterpieces are“The virgin

,

” “The virgin en throned”

and“Cari tas.

”(H is ch ildren were his models. )

H is ch ief work is the finely conceived mural decoration in BowdoinCollege

,Brunswi ck

,Maine— a fresco representing “Florence” forms one

Of four lu‘

nettes.

A few landscapes are :“Sketch of Cornish headlands,

” “Capri,

” “M on

adnock in winter.”

The keynote of his art is Simpl i ci ty and the chief charac teristic of thesubjec ts he chooses is a deep Spiri ted meaningAbbot t H . Thayer meri ted his inimitable posi tion as a painter of the

essential Spirit of man since no one has fathomed deeper than he the

mystery Of infusing concrete human beau ty with the most elusive of

divine significance.

”(Cri tic

The building of the shipThe golden legend”

Prisci lla and John AldenRosita”

( Illustrating BretHarte’

s“The mystery Of the

hacienda”)

The children’s hour

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264

state insti tu te for the deaf, Berkeley, Cal . H e taught in the insti tu tefrom 1879 -87 . I t was not unt il 1887 that he took up the study of scul pture . Among his early work , the first to at trac t favorable comment

,was

the“T ired wrestler .

” Th is he produced wh i le a teacher in the school atBerkeley . I n 1887 he wen t to N ew York and became a student at theNat ional Academy of Design . Later he went to P aris and became thepr i v ate pupi l Of P aul Chopin

,h imself a deaf mute. After spending

se v en years in P aris,he returned to the Uni ted States and from 1 894

1900 was instructor in modeling at'

the M ark H opk ins Inst i tu te Of A rt

San Francisco .

M r . Tilden ’s

“B aseball player,in Golden Gate Park

,San Franc isco

was exh ibi ted in the P aris salon,1889 .

“Tired boxer” won honorablemention in the salon of 1899 . Th is work

,unfortunately

,was destroyed

by fire.

“Indian bear hun t was exh ibi ted in the salon,1892

,and has

been placed in the grounds Of the asylum for the deaf at Berkeley .

O f the last ment ioned group,a sympatheti c cr i ti c says : “Tilden has

caugh t the unmeasured power Of the Indian to endure torture unfl inchingly ; for he represen ts h im as al l unheedful Of the bear’

s savage gr ipupon the bare arm

,whi le he figh ts for the l ife of h is companion .

”( Sun

set M .

A recen t work of M r . Tilden ’s is a monument in honor of Abbe de

l ’E spee, the first teacher of the deaf . I t was seen at the P anama-P acific

Exposi t ion . H e is now work ing on a statue Of Joaquin Mi ller to be

placed in an O ak land park ; has also execu ted commissions for memorialmonuments at P ortland , O re ,

Los Angeles and S an Franc isco .

“Considering M r . Ti lden ’s work as a whole i t impresses one princ i

pally by its simpli c i ty,direc tness and strength ; its absence Of mere sen t i

mental pret tiness.

”

(O verl .

T ILL INGHAST,MARY EL I ZABETH

, (P .

,S tained -glass designer ) b . New

York ; d . December 15,1 912 . Pupil Of John LaFarge in New York °

Carolus-Duran and H enner in Paris ; won se v eral gold and bronze medals .

S pecialty : designs for stained -glass.

TRUMBULL,JOHN

, (P . ) b . Lebanon,Conn .

,June 6

,1756 ; d . N ew York

November,1 843. The son of the colon ial governor of Connec t i cu t

,Jona

than Trumbu ll , he was the greatest h istor i c painter of Ameri ca . Agraduate Of Harvard Uni versi ty , h is art ist i c taste was awakened byfamil iar i ty wi th the portrai ts of Copley and Smibert. H e ser v ed withdistinction in the armies Of Wash ington and Gates . Early in 1777 he

resigned from the army and devo ted h imself,

to art as a profession ,

going to London . I n 1784 he conceived the i dea Of his h i stori cal pic turesOf the re v olu tion and went to P aris where he painted his “Declarat ion

265

of Independence assisted by the information and ad v i ce of ThomasJefferson .

In 1789 he returned to Ameri ca . A s an inaugu rator of serious b istorical paint ing , Trumbull bore a v ery worthy part

,and he carried por

frai tu re to its h ighest lim i ts by mak ing portrai ts from life for all the

ch ief figures introduced into h is can v ases . H is portrai t of GenerallVashington ( in the New H a v en collec t ion ) must be regarded as a

standard portrai t of the father of his country . W'

hen Lafayette fi rst beheld a copy Of th is pi c ture on h is v isi t to th is country in 1824

,he was de

ligh ted wi th i ts resemblance. Tuckerman says : “.The most spiri ted

portrai t Of “’ashington that exists— the only reflec t ion Of h im as a so]

d ier of freedom in his mature years,worthy Of the name

,drawn from

li fe— is Trumbu ll’s .

”

Trumbull was commissioned to paint four of the eigh t commemorati v epic tures in the capi tol at Wash ington . H e was eigh t years at the taskand recei v ed for the four paint ings :

“Declarat ion Of Independence Surrender of General BurgoyneSurrender of Lord Cornwallis” R esignat ion of Wash ington”

O ther importan t h istori cal paintings are : Bat tle Of Bunker H ill , ‘

'

Death of General M ontgomery,

” “Bat tle Of Trenton,

” “Bat tle of P rinceton .

”

“Trumbull ’s works st i ll hold their rank not only for their h istorical inferest bu t for

’

tli eir artist i c meri t . ” Cri t ics rank his “Death of M on tgom

ery”as the most Spirited bat tle-piece ever painted . H is portrai t of

A lexander H amilton is one of the best portrai ts he ever did .

Trumbu ll was the first presiden t Of the Academy of Ar ts,N ew York .

‘TRYON,DWIGHT lVI L L IA M

, ( P . ) b . H artford,Conn .

,Augu st 13, 1849 .

Pupil of C . Daub ignv , Jacquesson de la Che v reuse, A . Guillemét and H .

H arpignies in P ari s . Received gold medals Of the Ameri can A rt A ssociation

,New York , 1886 and 1887 ; th ird H allgarten pri ze of the National

Academy Of Design, New York , 1887 ; gold medal of Carnegie Insti tu te ,

P i t tsburgh,1 898 ; was awarded the W’

ebb prize in 1889 for his Fi rs t

lea v es,

”and first—class medal at the Muni ch International E xpos i tion in

1892 for h is“R ising moon .

” H e is a member of the National A cademv o f

Design ,N ew York , and professor of ar t in Smith College.

“H e masters,like no one else

,the uncertain tonali t ies o f dawn and tw i

l igh t . Tryon’s pic tures are almost , l i terally Speak ing . mu s i cal in thei r

effec t,not unlike the pizz i cato notes on the

‘A ’string Of a v io lin . H is

parallelism Of hori zon tal and v ert ical lines is like melod ic ph ras ingTryon has reached the calm perfec tion of Japanese art . lH artmann . )

266

Charac teristi c color melodies :“Before sunrise— June”

O c toberA ligh ted village : December

“ S ea— morn ing” Twiligh t”

Sea— sunset” The e v ening star“Sea— nigh t” S pringtime”

Daybreak”Summer”

Morn ing” Au tumn“Moonligh t ’ Winter”

Apri l morn ing New England hills

M r . Tryon has added mu ch to the world ’s store Of poeti c interpretation

of nature . Equally refined as his“poems of early spring”

are his moonl igh t scenes and his snowy landscapes . H e has interpreted sunsets,storm s, mountains and rugged nature with as powerful a brush as has

any painter .

“I n his pi c tures may be seen

,as in Daub igny

’s,a silvery grey atmos

phere against wh ich the tracery of young fol iage stands out in relief,

green shining meadows and softly rippling streams,cornfields

,apple

trees and'

fru it gardens .

”(M ii ther . )

TUCKER,ALLEN

, (P . ) b . Brooklyn,N . Y .

,June 29

,1866 . H e has exhib

i ted at the Paris Salon and internat ional exh ibi tions held in New York .

“The two painters who appear most Obv iously to have affec ted the

work of A llen Tucker are M onet and Van Gogh I t is the landscapes by Allen Tucker that most suc cessfu lly indi cate his at tainments

Bu t it is M r . Tucker ’s portrai ts that perhaps most clearly illus

trate both his strongest and h is weakest points.

”

“I ce storm”one Of‘ his charac teristi c landscapes is “brilliant in key

and deli cate in color . ( I nt . studio 52 :xix . )

TURNER,CHARLE S YARDLEY

, ( P .

,Mural P . ) b . Balt imore

,Md .

,Novem

ber 25,1850. In 1872 he went to New York and entered the National

Academy of Design ; after spending three years in the school and takinga bronze medal and a money pri ze

,he went to P aris and studied under

Laurens , Munkaczy and Bonnat . I n H olland he found the subject o f h is

famou s picture “The grand canal at Dordrech t” ; his best water-color is“Dordrech t m ilkmaid .

”

M r . Turner was assistan t d irec tor of decorat ion at Columbian Exposi t iou , Ch icago, 1893, and direc tor Of color at the P an-Ameri can Exposition

,Bu ffalo

,1 901

,and is a member of the Nat ional Academy of Design .

H is fines t mural work is a ser ies of wall paint ings in the corridor of

the B al timore court house,the subjec t Of wh i ch is the incident of the

br ig P eggy S tewart entering the harbor of Annapol is in 1774 .

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268

H e recognized as few can,the poet i c side of snowy pastures and snow

bound woodland ri lls and marshes . H is painting of the damp win terweather surcharged wi th laten t snowfall has never been surpassed .

”

( Innes“School of Painting ”)

I n his handling Of the elements of natural scenery,parti cularly in

represent ing snow upon the branches Of trees,he shows a h igh degree of

ski ll . (Nat. Cyc . Am . Biog . )M r . Twachtman is supposed to have been the first Ameri can artist to

employ blue shadows .

From “A n apprec iat ion published in the North Ameri can Reviewshortly after the death of M r . Twachtman

,the following extrac t is made :

“In defining the qual i ty of Twachtman’s paint ings, one would say that ,

first of all he was a master of‘values’ — as mu ch so as Whistler

O ne Of his pain tings instantly arrests the eye of the connoisseur by a

certain aspec t,as original as Thoreau

,and somet imes curiously like him .

”

(T WV . Dewing . )'

The great beauty of desi gn which is conspi cuous in Twachtman ’s

paintings is what impressed me always H is use Of l ine was rhyth

mic,and the mo v ements were always gracefu l H is work as

color had del i cate refinement and tru th .

”

( Ch ilde H assam . )“H e painted as all men have done who have made great art ; he painted

the atmosphere of his time.

”(Robert Reid . )

“ In the death of John H .,Twachtman we lose one Of our best land

scape painters The can v ases wh ich Twachtman has left us l ike all

work Of signally original meri t,may prove for a t ime tOO fine a food for

the general palate .

”

(Edward S immons . )'

T O my mind,he was in advance Of his age to the extent that l ike

many others,he li v ed ahead Of his epoch .

”(J. Alden Weir . )

None of our landscape painters surpass h im in subt le del ineat ion of

atmospheri c efiects and values generally . T o many art cri t i cs,M r .

Twachtman ranks as the greatest Ameri can landscape painter .

ULR I CH,CHARLE S FREDER ICK

, (P . ) b . N . Y .

,O ctober 18, 1858 ; d . Berlin ,

Germany,M ay 15 , 1908 . S tudied at the Nat ional Academy of Design in

New York and wi th Loefftz and Lindenschm id t in Muni ch . In 1884 he

was the first recipient of the Clark pri ze at the Nat ional Academy of

Design and this pic ture “The land of promise”now belongs to the Na

tional Gallery of A rt,Washington

,D . C .

H is painting “The glass blowers Of Murano is now in the Metro

poli tan M useum of A rt,N . Y .

,and marked the climax of his success.

A n associate member National Academy of Design, 1883.

H e resided in Veni ce for many years and was recogni zed in art circlesin Germany

,France and England .

269

'

Cr i ti cs praised his pic tures for their exqu isi te technique,their finish

in detail,their puri ty of color and their strength of charac ter .

”

VA I L,EUGENE

, ( P . ) was born Of Ameri can parents at S ain t S ervan,Bri t tany

,Septem ber 29

,1856 ; s tudied in A r t S tudents ’ League

,N . Y .

,

under Carrol Beckwi th and William M . Chase and at Ecole des BeauxArts

,P aris

,under Cabana]

,later under Dagnan-Bou v eret and Raphael

Coll in . Medals,pr i zes and distingu ishing honors have come to M r . Vail

in recogn i t ion Of his art ist i c abili ty .

Four scenes of seafaring life,

’

very beautiful in color and among thevery strongest and best pi c tures of the k ind at the Paris E xposi tion,

1900,were “R eady about

,

” “Port Of Concarneau,

” “T he widow,

”and

On the Thames .

O ther admired works are

“The hour Of prayer” A rainy dayEvening in Bri t tany Twiligh tAutumn near Beauvais R io della Madonetta

,Ven i ce

Chemin de foi”

Vail’s landscapes are marked by an exqu isi te sense Of nature,at once

deli cate and full of force. The fisherfolk of Bri t tany are a favori te sub

ject with h im ,as are the Dutch peasan ts wi th Melchers .

M ii ther says that Vail was influenced by M esdag and DeNittis in his

Du tch sea-pieces and pi ctures Of the port Of London, which are shroudedin a heavy

,melancholy mist .

Caffin says : “Eugene Vail while seeing in to the soul of his subjects,v iews i t wi th a personal sympathy and interprets

,so to speak

,in terms

Of spiri t rather than mat ter . That is to say, he does not compel yourat tent ion to the physi cal properties Of the figures and the landscape ; heenvelopes the whole in atmosphere

,enri ch ing i t wi th somber but tenderly

impressi ve harmony of color ; so that the pi cture is as fu ll of mystery as

Of suggestion . I t pu ts us into spir i t-communion w i th the place and i ts

inhabi tants ; whi ch as I understand i t, in v olves a superior know ledge and

at the same t ime an acknow ledgmen t of how much there is unknowab le.

I t represents the v ision Of a poet . ”

VAN ELTEN,HENDR IK D IRK K RU SE M AN

, ( P .

,E . ) b . A lkmaar. Holland ,

1829 ; d . P aris,France

,July 12, 1904 . “f lien fif teen y ears Of age was

sen t to Haarlem to study paint ing under C . L ieste, a landscape painterOf repute. H e won a gold medal at the International Exh ib i t ion a t

Amsterdam in 1860 and was made a che v alier of the O rder Of the Lion Of

the Netherlands . H e was a member of the Amsterdam and Ro tterdamacademies ; came to New York in 1865

,was elec ted academician of the

270

Nat ional Academy in 1883 ; also a member Of the American Water ColorS oc iety, New York

' E tch ing Club,and the Royal Soc iety of Painter

E tchers of London .

S . R . Koehler wri tes in the American A rt Review ,

“Perhaps itwould be permissible to class him as an

‘international ’ artist for at the

Centenn ial Exh ibi tion of 1876 he exh ibi ted as an Ameri can in the Ameri can department and as a Hollander in that of the NetherlandsM r . Van E lten

’s claim to be considered an Ameri can was long ago recog

nized by the National Academy of Design by his elec t ion in 1871 to the

posi t ion of an associate in that body I n his choice of subpjects Mr .Van Elten seems to betray the Dutch blood that flows in his veins. H e

loves the flat expanse Of the grain fields and the meadows,the qu iet copse,

the di lapidated hu t or the ri ver bank grown wi th reeds in wh ich the fish

erman may h ide his boat , and he finds these subjec ts both here and in

his nat ive Holland .

”

A group of 200 of his paintings was sold at the Ameri can A rt Galleriesin New York

,April 27 and 28

,1905

,under the auspi ces Of the Artists’

Aid Society Of New York,bringing

VA N INGEN,WILL IAM BRANTLEY

, (Mural P . ) b . P h iladelph ia,Pa .

,

August 30, 1858 . Pupil of Eakins in Philadelph ia ; LaFarge in New

York ; Bonnat in P aris. Member Mural Painters ; fellowsh ip P . A . F . A .

H is best known mural work is a series Of sixteen panels in the senatechamber of the state house

,Trenton

,N . J enti tled “The cause of inde

pendence and prosperi ty .

” “H e has done mu ch mural work in private

residences in Ph iladelphia .

“H is at tack Of the subjec t is bold and candid,his sketches carefully

wrough t, his brushivork adequate.

”(Arch . rec. 13

VEDDER,EL IHU

, ( P .

,S .

,I .

,Mural P . ) b . New York

,February 26

,1836,

of parents whose ancestry is in the Netherlands. I t is related that as ach i ld he chewed st i cks into brushes and spent his money for cheap paints.

Very early he recei ved instruc tions in art and in 1856 went to Europe,spending the winter in Paris studying in the Atel ier of Picot . In the fol

lowing spring he went to I taly and spent four years there ; returningto the Uni ted S tates in 1861 he opened a studio in New York . H e was

elec ted an assoc iate member Of the National Academy -Of Design in 1863 ;

full member in 1865 .

M r . Vedder returned to Rome in 1866 where he has since resided rarelyexhibi t ing in the Uni ted States.

A note of mystery,a recogni tion of the infini te and unknowable forms

a charac teristi c of Vedder’s work I t is calm

,virile

,intellectual

,a

mystery Of which Darwin and Huxley m igh t well approve.

”( Isham . )

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272

in Boston ,Bonnat and Jean P aul Laurens in Par is

,also at the Royal

Academy of Bavaria, where he studied under M anger and Dietz . H on

orable ment ion in Paris salon,1890; member of the Nat ional Academy

,

1 891

The early l ife Of M r . Vin ton was passed in mercant ile business inBoston

,but the later years were devoted ent irely to art. At a memorial

exh ibi tion Of 124 of his paint ings held at the Museum Of Fine Arts,B O S3

ton,

fifty were portrai ts .

“Vinton ’

s sterling quali t ies as a portrai t painter are well known . H e

was a strong,incisi ve and thorough draugh tsman

,a serious and studious

observer wi th a deep respec t for h is art and for h im self as an artist .”“H is grasp of charac ter in his men si t ters— and he was almost ex

elusively a painter of men— is in the best Of his portrai ts and on

a par wi th that Of the great portrai t painters . A large number of men

who sat for h im were statesmen,j urists

,ph ilanthropists

,authors

,sol

diers and successful professional men .

”(A rt . P .

“H is landscapes were made chiefly for recreat ion,for play

,and in the

intervals Of more arduous undertakings . Based upon a silvery gray principle Of coloring, they were del i cate and sober

,bu t free from dullness and

heaviness .

”

VOLK, DOUGLAS, ( P . ) b . P ittsfield,Mass

,February 23

,1856. When

fourteen years Of age accompan ied h is parents to Rome where he becameinterested in paint ing and studied in the S aint Luke Academy . I n 1873

studied in Paris wi th Gerome. H is“ I n Bri t tany” was exhib i ted in the

salon Of 1875 .

H e was instruc tor in Cooper Insti tu te, New York , 1879 -84 ; has beenawarded many medals and prizes ; was elec ted associate membef of the

National Academy of Design,New York

,in 1898 ; full member, in 1899 .

H e wri tes and lec tures on the subjec t Of art with a V iew to the introduct ion of more artist i c methods and a higher standard of teaching as

opposed to the usual mechan i cal system in art insti tu t ions .

“M r . Volk is a figure painter who relies upon the subjec t of his workto suggest Ameri canism .

Generally he paints a b i t of the pine forest,rude and solemn

,and

places in i t a girl or boy with such differences Of mot ive as are suggestedby the ti tles.

Song Of the pines Thoughts of you thThe woodland maid Accused Of wi tch craftA ' winter walk” Young pioneer”

The boy with the arrow A belle of the coloniesA colonial you th”

273

The spiri t of the nat ion ’

s past and of its bes t hopes for the fu tureseems to he figured in these types . (The artis t 29 :xx . )

VON N O H,B E SSIE POTTER

, (M rs . R obert W . Vonnoh ) , ( S b . S t. Lou is,M o .

,August 17

,1872 . P upi l of Ch i cago A rt Ins ti tu te under Lorado Taft .

S pent four months in P aris in 1895 and fou r mon ths in F lorence in 1897 .

W as married to Robert YVi lliam Vonnoh,S ep tember 17

,1 899 . I S a

member Of the National Sculpture S oc iety,and was elec ted an assoc ia te

member of the National Academy of Design in 1906 .

M rs. Vonnoh’s specialty is modeling dim inu tive portrai ts . H er work

is suggestive of the figurines done in terra co tta by the sculptors of

Tanagra,whose work was ent irely unknown to her when she began her

li ttle figures . She presents modern life and modern costumes and con

d itions . H er work is impression isti c,suggest ing charac ter withou t ex

pressing i t . “At her best the figurines are a joyous and lovely expressionof a charming side of our life . They are like flowers in their po ise and

deli cacy and in their exqu isi te fragili ty .

”

“Danc ing girl,

”the person ificat ion of the modern skirt dance

,has grace

and rhythm,and

“Young mother” is the finest th ing she has ever done .

A li t tle bust called “M ildrec is charming and shows an int imate knowledge O f character ; and a recen t figurine Of a li t tle girl who is indus tr iously engaged in eating a potato with a wooden spoon is del igh tful , andsuggests Boutet de M onvel “in its frank acceptance Of the pecu liari t ieswh ich are really the charm of ch i ldhood . (Brush P .

“M rs . Vonnoh ’s

‘figurines’and li t tle groups have the bigness of true

plasti c conceptions and at the same t ime that exqu isi te refinement poss ible only to works Of small scale. Because of inheren t mer i t the quest ion of si ze does no t: sign ify . These bronzes ha v e a charm and gracepecu liarly thei r own . H er young mothers are essen t ially maternal , heryoung women del igh tfu lly feminine

, yet womanly, her ch i ldren are ch i ldish

,lovable

,s incere . Thus in her l i t tle groups

,M rs . V onnoh touches

upon those human relat ionships which are elemental,and st irs emot ions

both deep and profound . H er message is del i v ered w i th a ligh tness of

touch and ou tward seren i ty,bu t i t makes uni v ersal appeal . ” (A r t P .

January,

I n wri t ing Of the winter exh ibi tion Of the National Academy of De

sign,a cr i t i c comments : Bessie P o t ter Vonnoh with small, gracefu l

figu res preached the sermon o f idealism capti v atingly .

“I t has been her aim to sound the human note sweetly and ret icen tly .

withou t a sacrifice Of a certain degree of gentle strength . S he ach ieves

the preciou s and del igh tful d ist inc tion of tha t k ind o f inconspi cuou s

ness which si gn i fies proport ion and restrain t . ( In t. s tud io fi l zl ii . )

274

VON N OH,R OBERT W ILL IA M , (P . ) b . H artford

,Conn .

,September 17 ,

1858 . Pupil of M assachuset ts Normal A rt S chool,Boston

,also of

Academie Jul ien, P aris, under Boulanger and Lefebvre. Instruc torMassachusetts Normal A rt S chool

,Boston

,Cowles A rt School, Boston

M useum Of Fine Arts, P ennsylvania Academy Of the Fine Arts. A mem

ber Of the Nat ional Academy,1906.

Exhibi ted in the salons of 1888,1889

,1890

,1891 . Recei ved honorable

ment ion, 1888 medal at P aris Exposi t ion, 1 889 . Exhibi ted several yearsat Mun i ch exposi t ions. Spec ial ty : portrai ts .

After studying at Grez sur Loing,near the Forest Of Fontainebleau he

said : “I gradually came to reali ze the value Of first impressions and the

necessi ty of correc t values,pure color and h igher key, resul ting in my

soon becoming a devoted d isc iple of the new movemen t in painting .

(Nat . Cyc . Am . Biog . )

Some h igh ly decorat ive composi t ions are

“H ydrangeas I n costume‘Reverie” Phoebe”

In h is techn ique the artist is never ponderous,on the contrary there

is a degree of elegance whi ch shows the discr im ination and elast ic i ty of

his mind .

”(H arp .

WALDEN,LIONEL

, ( P . ) b . Norwich,Conn .

,M ay 22, 1862 . S tudied wi th

Carolus-Duran,P ar is . R eceived honorable men tion in the Paris salon ;

si lver medal at Paris Exposi t ion,1900; th ird -class medal in salon of 1903.

Represented in the Luxembourg Gallery,Paris

,Memor ial Museum ,

Ph iladelph ia,and A rt Gallery

,Cardiff

,Wales .

Member of the S oc iété Internat ionale de P einture et S culpture,So

c iete de Peintre de Marine, Par is, and Society of P aris Ameri can Pain ters .

A noteworthv Ameri can in P aris,M r . Walden is a painter Of marine

scenes and a profic ient delineator Of Sh ipping and harbor l ife ; has also

painted some figure and landscape subjec ts,su ch as :

‘The torrent” O ut for a sailThe end of winter Summer evening

N igh t on the M oun t of Ol i ves is one of his pi c tures exhibi ted in the

Paris salon .

WALKER,H ENRY O LIVER

, (P .

,Mural P . ) b . Boston

,Mass

,M ay 14, 1843.

After a common school education he took up mercant ile pursu i ts,bu t

soon gave up up this line Of work for the profession of art,going to Paris

in 1 879 to study under M . Bonnat . Re turned to the Un i ted S tates threeyears later ; set tled in Boston bu t later removed to New York Ci ty .

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276

one of the collect ion, a lead lng art journal sai d : “M r . Horatio Walkershows a Millet-l ike realism which is yet charged wi th poetry . Charm

,

the ou tcome of power, and not Of mere des ire to ach ieve the pretty,is

the characterist i c of th is water-color . England should give welcome toH orat io Walker .

”

WALKER,NELL IE VERNE

, ( S . ) b . Red O ak,I a .

,December 8

,1874 . H er

father was a marble cu t ter and as a ch ild and a young girl she playedand experimented with the material and implements of the trade. A t

the age of sixteen she elec ted to become a sculptor and studied withLorado Taf t and at the A rt Inst i tu te

,Chicago .

Portrait bu sts and ideal groups for memor ials are her specialty . One

of her finest groups is “H er son

” “a mother gazing in awe and amaze

men t at her son who stands erec t,elated with the V ision which he may

not share wi th her H e is the son of her body but his spiri t transcends her in knowledge and in dreams .

”

The Strat ton monument,Colorado S pr ings

,Col .

,memorials of the Dig

gins fami ly,Cadillac

,Mich .

,and the Decker fami ly

,Battle Creek

,Mich .

and a statue of Chief Keokuk at Keokuk , I a.

,are well known .

Miss Walker is a member Of the Chicago S oc iety of Artists,Society

of Western A rtists and the Nat ional S culpture Soc iety .

WALTER,MARTHA

, (P . ) b . P h iladelph ia,P a . S tudied art in the Ph ila

delph ia A rt School and with William M . Chase ; also a pupil of the

Julién Academy and the Grande Chaumiere in Par is .

Miss Walter has won many pr izes and has the dist inc tion Of winningthe first award of the Cresson traveling scholarship in 1908 wh ich madei t possible for her to travel and study in Germany

,Holland

,I taly and

S pain . For a short time she had a studio in P aris and received eri ticism from P rinet and S imon Menaud . She exh ibi ted in the Paris salon

and her pi ctures are now to be seen in exh ibi tions held in the c i ties of thethe Un i ted States. I n 1909 she won the Mary Smith pr i ze for the bestwork by a woman .

Miss Wal ter has been called the painter of joyous ch ildren .

“She can

never depi c t poignan t misery wi thout some note of cheer .

”

A few of her best known pic tures are

“Fresh air ch ildren” A parasol teaBri ttany family”

The ou ting”

The shore” Motherhood

She has a sense Of form as well as Of color, a feel ing for composi tionwhich is rather rare and she has attained to a mastery Of the tools of

her profession which places her in a posi t ion to at tain the highest in

277

the artist ’s career H er bru sh work is broad and applied wi thou thesi tat ion

,a v oid ing as far as poss ible the less important details .

”

(ArtsD .

“M iss Wal ter shows all the range of tone whi te may ha v e, from the

sunli t wh i te Of a summer gown to the grey hues of a whi te dress inShadow H er use Of color is delightful

,her treatment of draperies

is broad and free.

’( Int . studio 52 :xli i . )

“Indeed color,air

,ligh t and mot ion are Miss W'

al ter’s strong po ints

and she is very c le v er wi th her li ttle sketches Of beaches with theirt iny figures .

I t all starts with Po t thast and ends up w i th someth ing very suggesti v eOf Bold ini . ” (Ameri can A rt News . )

‘V.ARD

,JOHN Q . A .

, ( S . ) b . near Urbana,C hampaign C O .

,O h io

,183 «1.

New York,M ay 1 , 1910. D isplayed a talen t for plast i c art at an early

age. S tudied under H . K . B rown in Brook lyn,N . Y .

,remaining his

pupil for S ix years . I n 1857 made h is first sketch for “The Ind ianhunter”

now in Central Park,N ew York

,studying h is subjec ts in the

aboriginal state. I n 1861 Opened a stud io in New York ; was electedassoc iate member Of the Nat ional Academy of Designin 1862 ; full mem

ber in 1863 and presiden t in 1874 . “’aS first president of National

S culpture Soc iety .

I n 1866 he execu ted the group of“The good samari tan '

now in B os

ton ) in honor of the discovery Of anaesthet ics, and in 1867 presented hisdesign for the Shakespeare statue in Central P ark , New York .

H is“Freedman” was an early work , and of th is bronze statuet te,

Jarves says : “lVe ha v e seen noth ing in our scu lpture more sou l-lifting

or more comprehensi v ely eloquent . ”

Tuckerman says : “A lthough M r . lVard has ne v er prac t i ced model ingin any academy or foreign or famed studio

,he has labored with rare as

sidu ity to master the principles of his art . H e understands proportion

and anatomical condi tions.

”

In the field of por t :

ait statuary . M r . W'

ard is one of the masters of the

day. P erhaps his finest ach ie v emen t in th is field is the statue of H enrv

“f

ard Beecher in Borough H all P ark . B rook lyn ; also s tatue of C ommo

dore P erry at Newpor t , R . I . , and statue Of I srael P utman of H artford .

Conn .O ther triumph s are

“H orace G reeley .

” “Lafayette :

at Bu rlington ,

V t .

,monumen t to Pres iden t Gar field and eques trian s tatue o f General

Thomas,Wash ington D . C .

“M r . “(ard is essentiallv a sculptor H is technique mav lack at

t imes that charm Of su rface man ipulat ion in whi ch h is vounger co lleagues

excel,bu t i t always Shows a qu iet simp li ci ty, an impressi v eness of mass .

278

wh ich is the first element in good monumental sculpture. (Taft ’s “H is

tory of Ameri can scu lpture.

”

‘

WARNER, OL IN L .

, ( S . ) b . Wes t Suffield,Conn .

,1844 ; d . New York

August 14, 1896. The son Of an i tineran t M ethodist min ister, it was notunti l that he was able to sail for Europe. H e wen t to Paris and

studied scu lpture in the Ecole des Beaux Arts under Jouff roy and afterwards in the studio Of Carpeaux

,making the acquaintance Of Falguiere

and Merc ie. H e returned to New York in 1 872 and was one Of the original members Of the S oc iety of Ameri can Art ists . Associate memberNat ional Academy Of Design, 1888 ; full mem ber, 1889 .

Among his most important works are statuettes ent i tled “M ay”and

T wiligh t,

”a colossal medall ion of Edwin Forrest

,a bust of J. Alden

Weir (which exci ted profound adm irat ion in the Par is salon ) and the

beautiful fountain in P ortland,O regon ; also the fountain and spand re

-l

figures for the entrance Of the L ibrary Of Congress,Wash ington

,D . C .

“H is short career as an artist was sufficien t to place h im among theimmortal masters Of sculpture— those who have created a style of theirown .

”(Nat . Cyc . Am . Biog . )

“H is portrai t Of Wi ll iam Lloyd Garr ison is among the best that ourcountry has produced .

”(Taft )

WASHBURN,CADWALLADER

, (E . ) b . M inneapol is,Minn . A pupil Of the

A rt League,N . Y . ; he studied under M owbray and Chase ; Joaqu in

S orolla in Spain . R ecei v ed second pri ze Of the Ameri can A rt Association Of Paris . An ar tist whose paint ings were well known in lead ingart centers of Europe

,i t was in the year 1903 that M r . Washburn first

employed etch ing as a mode of expression . A series Of Venetian platesrevealed his harmony wi th the medium

,and admitted h im to the ranks

of painter—etchers.

The direc t influence of S orolla is far -reach ing,for not the leas t

“

d is

tingu ishing qual i ty Of his plates, strikingly i llu strated in the Mexi canseries, is hismasterly interpretaton of atmosphere and sun . H is platesclassify naturally

Italian set— Ven i ce,P adua and Verona ;

Japanese portfolio,etched in 1904 ;

“T he Nordlands”

a ser ies Of landscapes ;A group in H avanna ; Cathedral of O ld M exico .

With the passing of the master Seymour-H aden,recen t at tention has

been called to the school of landscape etch ing . W i th the exception of a

few scattered plates,M r . Washburn is the only Ameri can in the l ist of

the younger men to turn a sustained interest to landscape subjec ts.

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80

Latin Quarter, he joined Burton Holmes and Senator A lbert J. B ev

eridge on a trip to the O rient . Returning to the Un i ted S tates he engag

ed in commercial work also do ing journalism in the Offi ce of the ChicagoRecord -Herald .

I n February 1904c he returned to Paris and entered the Académie Julien

.

under Jean Paul Laurens . In 1905 four Of h is plates were ac ceptedat the salon . I n Grez on the edge of the Forest of Fontainebleau

,M r .

Webster etched h is first plates during the au tumn of 1 904 :“S tudio

windows” Of wh ich there are two plates,“Rue del ’Abbaye,

” “Lo ing at

Grez ,”

and “The Court,Bourron

,

”the first of a series Of Courtyard

studies .

Spring 1 905 etch ings were “S t . Mart in ’s bridge

,Toledo

,

”and M irada

de las Reinas,Alhambra”

seen from the H all of the Ambassadors .

December 1907 M r . Webster ’

s name was enrolled in the assoc iate mem

hership of the Royal S oc iety of P ain ter-etchers in London,of which the

late S ir Franc is S eymour-H aden was president . H e is the first etcherfrom Chi cago

,and one wi th less than a dozen other Amer i can who ha v e

been admi tted to the R oyal Soc iety since its foundat ion in 1881 .

“I n some of his plates defin i te sureness of touch is l inked wi th a certainseveri ty ; while in others there is a r i chness which in some originald rawings becomes a lu sc iousness that makes one regret that he has not

tried the li thograph i c crayon .

”( IVeitenkampf )

WEEK S,EDWIN LORD

, (P . ) b . Boston,M ass

,1849 ; d . Paris

,France,

November 16, 1903. A s a youth he studied art in P ar is at the Ecole desBeaux A rts and afterwards under I ieon Bonnat and Gerome. At the age

of twen ty-nine he began to exh ibi t at the salon .

Recei v ed honorable mention in the P ar is salon of 1885,and a medal

in 1 889 ; medals of the first-class at the Un i v ersal Exposi t ion,P aris

,1889 :

gold medal from P h iladelphia A rt C lub,1891 ; a grand diploma of honor

at Berl in,1891 ; medal at London ,

1 896 ; Dresden,1897 ; Muni ch , 1897 ;

special medal and prize at the Empire Of India Exposi t ion, London, 1896 ;the same year was elec ted a chevalier Of the Legion of H onor of France,and in 1898

,an offi cer of the Order of S t. Michael

,Ba v aria.

M r . Weeks is particularly famou s for his pic tures of l ife in CairoJerusalem

,Damascus, Tangier and India. H e made frequen t trips to

Eastern ci t ies,traveling extensi v ely in India

“The last voyage”

shows h is dramat i c and sceni c quali t ies and his

carefu l Observat ion of or ien tal air and color .

O ther famou s paintings are named“Jerusalem from the Bethany P i lgrimage to the Jordanroad” A lhambra windows”

S cene in Tangier A Moorish camel driver

Arab story-teller Departure for the hunt , Ind iaA cup of coffee in the desert " “

P ack ing the caravan”

“Three beggars Of Cordova”T he porter of Bagdad

A rajah Of Jodhpore” S teps in the mosque, Lahore“

H indoo marriage”

H is pi c tures are notable for their rendering of sunligh t efiects, fine

color and art ist i c truth .

A well known art cr i t i c says : “M r . Weeks is gifted with great faci li ty :

his skill and sureness of eye and of hand in deal ing wi th vas t scenes are

remarkable. NO one has treated wi th greater effec t and wi th such un

hesi tat ing direc tness,the great arch i tec tural backgrounds of India wi th

their p lu ri -color ri chness and splendor of detail .

”

“H e is a sk ilful draugh tsman and an excellent colorist . (John Rummell . )

WE INMAN,ADOLPH A LExANDER

, ( S . ) b . Karlsruhe,Germany

,December 3

1 1,1870; came to Ameri ca in 1880. P upil of A rt S tudents’ League of

New York under Augustus S aint -Gaudens and of Cooper Un ion . H e also

studied wi th the late Olin L . lVarner and later was an assistant toCharles H . N iehaus and to Dan iel-Chester French . H e won the M i tchellVance pr i ze for drawing at Cooper Un ion and the prize in the modelingc lass at the A rt Students ’ Leagu e. Member National Sculpture S oc iety,S oc iety of Ameri can Art ists ; associate member Nat ional Academy OfDesign

,1-906.

H is monument to M ajor-General A lexander M acomb erec ted in Detro i t.M i ch igan

,in 1908 placed h im in the front rank of the younger Ameri can

scu lptors . H is portrai t statue Of the late president of the P ennsy l v aniaRai lroad system

,Alexander J. Cassat t

,is a conspicuou s ornament Of the

new Terminal S tat ion in N ew York Ci ty .

H e has also execu ted a number of works Of decora ti v e pu rpose suchas panels for the fa cade of the Library Of J. P ierpon t Morgan ,

for the

new Terminal Stat ion of the P a . R . R .

,the Madison S quare P resbvterian

church,and other importan t s truc tu res .

H is medal li c work includes the medal of honor Of the Nat ional Institu te Of Arts and Let ters

,the medal of honor Of the Nat ional Insti tu te

of Arch i tec ts,the medal of award of the S t. Louis Exposi t ion and the U .

S . medal for l ife-sav ing on rai lroads .

M r . iVeinman has recently comp leted the magni fi cen t heroi c b ro nzememorial of the late Mayor Maybu ry Of Detro i t . H as also execu tedM aryland Un ion S oldiers and S ai lo rs monument , Baltimore ;L incoln memorial erected at H odgen v i lle

,K y .

, ( L inco ln’

s b i rthp lace )L incoln memorial at M adison

,“

'

iscons in .

2

WE IR,JUL IAN ALDEN, (P .

,E .

,Mural P . ) b . West P oint

,N . Y .

,August

30,1852 . S tudied art under his father

,Robert Weir

,who was instruc tor

in drawing at West P oint Mili tary Academy,and w i th Gerome at the

E cole des Beaux Ar ts, Paris. Recei ved honorable men t ion in th e Parissalon Of 1881 , also numerous medals and honors. W as elec ted associatemember Of the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New York

,in 1885 ; full

member,in 1886 ; president, 1915 . Member of the Ten American

‘

P aint

ers.

P ortrai ts and genre pic tures are h is spec ial ty . A n exquisi te pain terof flowers and a bold original etcher . H e sent from Par is to the NationalAcademy of Design

,New York

,in 1875

“A Bri t tany inter ior,

” in 1877“At the water-trough

,

” “Bri t tany peasant girl,

” “Bri t tany washerwoman

,and

“S tudy of an old peasan t . ”

H is heads have at trac ted great attention in Paris,his symboli cal can

vases such as“M use of musi c” ga v e h im a h igh rank in th is field of work .

During student days he was intimately associated with Bastien-Lepage .

I n his later work s— “The flower girl” and

“P ussy-wi llows” his innate

reserve and charm appear .

Guy P ene DuB ois says-z “H is work has a subtle qual i ty and most Ofi t idylli c peace or optimism

,and of his

“Plough ing for buckwheat”“Weir has painted on i t for more than three years and pu t his soul intoit— the soul of a modest Ameri can who intu i ti vely shuns the vulgar sideof material ism and yet makes Of its most successful models v iv id symbolsOf the spiri tual i ty of the world .

”(Arts D .

“ Upland pasture” is a charac terist i c pi c ture and his“Early morn

ing is strongly suggestive of Corot .

O ther well known pa int ings are

“A bough Of green app lesChina b owl with flowers

'

The lane”

A winter dayBreton interior ’

The good samari tanIdeal head”

Re turn of the fish ing partyA gentlewoman”

and many portrai ts.

Kenyon Cox wri tes : “The paramount qual i ty of his Green bodiceis the perfec tion of tone and a del i cate observat ion of the gradations of

l igh t which would make i t hold its own in any company .

At a recent Carnegie Inst i tu te exhibi tion ,th irty-seven paintings Of

th is artist were a special feature,and of th is collection a cr i ti c wri tes :

S i lver flagon and DelftThe young student”

T he open book”

L engthen ing shadowsThe plowman”

Young girl”

The miniatureO riana”

“Dorothy and Cora

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JAME S M cNE I LL WHISTLE R .

285

In his catalog ue of some fifty works a considerable number were donein Californ ia and show at his best h is love for s trong co lo r . (BrushP .

At the 23d annual exh ibition of Ameri can paintings a t Chicago,a

room was set apar t“. for his paintings . A n art cri t i c wri tes : “The best

trio of landscapes i t is generally conceded is that by Wi lliam W'

end t .The si lence of nigh t, ” wh ich recei v ed honorable ment ion is a landscapewi th slender birches in the foregrouml beyond wh ich the darker reachesare i lluminated bv a subdued l igh t . ‘

T he land of the heart’s desi re’is as

sat isfying in a decorat ive sense and in mood more joyous, the golden sun

l igh t gi lding the open country .

‘

The A rcadian h i lls’ is in the samemanner a strong

,independen t painting . (A rt P .

“H is work has the rare qual i ty Of standing true under a glaring ligh t,

and when in shadow i t seem s to radiate a ligh t of its own . H e has done

mu ch to raise the standard of art in the west,spending his energy

la v ish ly in its servi ce at all times .

WENTWORTH,CEC ILE DE

, (P . ) b . in New York Ci ty . Pupil of the

S acred Heart Covent and Of Cabanel and Detai lle in P aris .

R ecelved gold medal at Tours, Lyons and Tu rin ; honorable mentionP ar is salon

,1 891 ; bronze medal, P aris Exposi t ion, 1900; Che v al ier of

the Legion Of H onor Of France,1901 ; Officer of P ubli c Instruc tion of

France,O rder Of H oly S ephulchre from P ope Leo XII I .

R epresen ted in the Luxembourg Gallery,P ar is

,and in the M etropoli

tan Museum O f A rt,N ew York .

W EN zEL L,ALBERT BECK

, ( I . ) b . Detroi t,M i ch .

,1864 . Pupi l Of S tra

huber and Loefftz in M uni ch,and Boulanger and Lefebvre in Paris .

Recei ved si lver medal at P an-Ameri can Exposi tion,Buffalo

,1901

:

si l v er medal at S t. Lou is Exposi t ion,1 904 .

H is work as an i llustrator is marked by great originali ty of treatment .

\VH I ST LER,JA M E S M C I

’E I LL

, (P .

,E .

,M ural P . ) b . Lowel l

,M ass

,1834 :

(1. Chelsea, England , July 1 7,1903. “f

as taken as a ch i ld to R uss ia :

after his father ’s death he returned to Ameri ca and entered the M i li tary

Academy at we st P oint . Being a poor s tudent and fai ling in chemi stry,

he was recommended to be discharged in 1854 ; after a short employmen tin the Un i ted S tates Coas t S u r v ey at “

'

ash ington he went to P aris and

entered the stud io of Charles Gabriel Glevre , where Degas. B racquemond

and Fantin-Latou r were h is fa v o ri te companions . T wo o r th ree y ears

later he left P aris and took up permanent res idence in London . I n 1860

“A t the piano”was exh ib i ted a t the Ro ya l Academy . London . I l i s suc

cess began wi th the gi rl " exhi bi ted in 1863 in the S alon des

Refuses,P aris .

286

In 1883 M r . Whistler sent the portrai t of his mother to the Paris salonand recei ved a th ird -class medal ; in 1889 he received the cross Of theLegion of H onor .

H e was a member of the Socié té Nationale des Artistes Francais,hon

orary member of the Royal Academy of St . Luke,R ome, commander of

the O rder of the Crown Of I taly,honorary member of the Royal Academy

Bavaria, chevalier of the Order of St . M i chael, and honorary member ofthe R oyal Academy of Dresden

,bu t most unj ustly he was never elec ted to

the R oyal Academy of London .

El izabeth Lu ther Cary,in her recent work on Whistler gives a ten tat ive

list of Whistler ’s works. She catalogs 528 Oi ls, water-colors and pastels

161 li thographs and 426 etch ings as his princ ipal worksH e always called his pic tures “harmonies

,

”symphonies

,noc turnes

and“arrangements .

” The portrai t of his mother, the“Thomas Carlyle

and " ‘Miss A lexander”are usually considered the height of his ach ievet

ments .

C . H . Caffin most interest ingly wri tes : “None bu t a man of pecul iarsweetness Of m ind could ha v e concei v ed that masterpiece in the Luxembourg, “The portrai t of my mother .

”

“I t was wi th the nigh t that M r . Whistler set his seal and S ign manualupon art

,

” wr i tes George Moore ;“above all others he is surely the

interpreter Of the ni gh t .”

C . H . Caflin also says : H is art was the produc t of most deli cateselection ; a hybrid deri v ed from the intermingling Of many strainsVelasquez , R osset t i

,the impress ionists and Japanese

— with his own

rarely gifted personal i ty,i tself a cur ious mingling Of artistocratic

hau teur and spiri tual sensib il i ty .

”

Wi lliam C . Brownell,the art cr i t i c

,has spoken Of Wh istler as

, per

haps the most typical painter and the most a bsolute art ist Of the t ime.

”

H is fame is now an international one ; his works and personali ty havebeen before the publi c for more than forty years .

Of Whistler’s etch ings

,Bryan t

,in “Pic tures and thei r painters,

says : “Bu t two men in the whole h istory of the world m Rembrand t and

Whistler— have been able to use the etch ing needle wi th such skill thatevery Objec t in the scene becomes as much a piece of portrai ture as

:

though i t were a portrai t . Both Of them produced etch ings that werewithou t flaw .

”

WH ITE,THOMAS G ILBERT

, (P . ) b . Grand Rapids,Mich igan . P upi l Of

A rt Students’ League in New York Ci ty under Twachtman ; Julien Academy under Benjamin-Constant and Laurens

,also Whistler and MacM on

nies in Paris . Specialty : portrai ts.

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288

Among h is most celebrated pi ctures are “A brook in the wood,

” “Plainsat the base of the Rocky M ountains”

and“S unsh ine in the forest . ’

For many years M r . YVhittredge was ac t ive in art circles in New YorkCi ty .

IVIGGI N S,CARLETON ( P . ) b . Turners

,N . Y .

,M arch 4

,1848 . Educated

in publi c schoo ls Of B rooklyn . N . Y . S tudied art with H . Carmiencke of

Brook lyn,drawing at the Nat ional Academy of Design

,New York

,and

landscape painting w i th Inness . H e was unsuccessful from both an

artisti c and commerc ial standpoint wi th his landscape work,and turned

his at tention to cat t le paint ing . He met with immediate success and is

now the most d istingu ished painter Of cattle and sheep in the Un i tedS tates . ( Innes’ “S chool Of paint ing ”

) H e was elec ted assoc iate member of the National Academy Of Design in 1890; ful l member in 1906.

The P aris salon ac cepted his“S hepherd and h is flock .

”

A Holstein bu ll” M orning on the h illsThe wanderers Normandy bull”

P lough horse”E ven ing — Forest Of Fontaine

Down the lane at twi ligh t bleau”

“T he pasture lot” Near Great Sou th B ayP loughi iig in France

'

After wind— rain”

“Three oaks”

H e chooses princ ipally Ameri can moti ves and h is pi ctures carry thee v idence of their truth to nature. H is techn i cal Ski ll is great , his colorwarm and v ibrant and his construc tion shows he has a thorough knowledge O f form .

”

(N at . Cyc . Am . Biog . )“M r . IViggins is at h is best when he paints landscape wi th animals

rather than animals w i th landscape.

”(The artist 29 : i v . )

VVI LE S,I RvI NG R AM SEY

, (P .

,M ural P . ) b . U t i ca

,N . Y .

,Apr i l 8

,1861 .

IVas educated at S edwi ck Insti tu te, Great Barrington, Mass . H is

father,a gifted painter of landscapes was his first instruc tor in art ; he

was also a pupi l Of William M . Chase and al though he subsequentlystudied in P aris wi th Carolus-Duran and Jules Lefebvre, he returned toAmeri ca to work

,defini tely to express h im self as an Amer i can art ist .

H e has never been identified wi th any spec ial school or anv new mo v emen t . H as recei v ed th ird H allgarten pr ize of the Nat ional Academy of

Design ,New York ; honorable mention in the P aris salon and several

medals . IVas elec ted member of the National Academy Of Design ,

New York in 1897 . H e has been called the“Artist ’s painter”

and

ch iefly busies his brush w i th portrai t and figure pain tings . H is illustrations are well known to art readers of Century

,H arper

,S cr ibner

,etc .

89

If low tones appeal to h im wi th the greatest strength,however

, the

brigh t luminous colors come Often into his canvases with brillianteffec t . ” (Ar ts and D .

H is work is charac teri zed by a charming simpli c i ty of idea and treatmen t, and “Memories”

now owned by M r . Carnegie,is an admirable

examp le of those quali t ies Of his art .

”

(Nat . Cyc . Am . B iog. )Among his works are

“O n the beach”

P ortrai t of “My father andThe student mother”

Quiet CO PII QI‘” Girl and ‘ horseSunshine and flowers “Noon”

Sunshine in the studio The green gownThe southwest wind”

'

The

A breezy day” With hat and veil”

The black shawl “Among Canada th istlesA n Autumn strol l” ( Portrai t Of “D iscouraged”

Gladys Wiles ) Brown kimonoPortrai t of Julia Marlowe The Sonata”

( pri ze pic ture)“Girl with peonies”

In summert ime”

H is portrai t Of M rs. Gilbert is a masterpiece of portrai ture.

“The wholesome reali ties of

_

life are depi c ted in Mr . Wi les’ can v asesthe gladness Of ch i ldhood

,the dignity Of age— and the glory Of good

work .

’

H e represents no intri cate symbol ism in his work ; no re v elation of a

nature compli cated beyond power to express its thoughts . H e has foundthe ideals of art in the real i t ies of life. H iS daughter has

' been the

inspiration Of some Of her father’s most d ist inguished works . (Ar ts

and D .

,A ug ,

W ILLET,W ILL I A M

, (S tained glass designer ) b . New York Ci ty . No v ember 1

,1 868 . Pupi l of Wh i t taker

,Chase and LaFarge in New York :

studied also in France and England . Author of “S tained glass in our

churches”; lectured on applied arts at Carnegie Techni cal S chools .

The most importan t representat ive of the new school of stained glassWorkers. Beginn ing his art career as a portrai t painter , he turned to

decorat ive work .

“I t is this feeling for design joined wi th a subtle ap

preciat ion of color , that makes his work notable.

”

The design for “The spiri t Of the water li ly”

a memorial window in

the home of M r . George I . Whitney Of Pi t tsburgh , shows exqu isi tedraugh tsmanship and mastery of symbolism .

I n the“Marriage of Isaac and Rebec ca”

the art ist has more scope forcolor . The finest wOrk is undoubted ly the window recentlv execu ted in

37

290

the Third Presbyterian Church at Pi t tsburgh,depic ting the parable of

“The wise and the fool ish virgins.

“ I t bears brilliant wi tness to the

vi tal i ty and promise of American art.

”

W ILL IAM S,FREDER ICK BALLARD

, ( P . ) b . Brooklyn ,N . Y .

,October 21 ,

1 872 . When a li t tle more than a lad he studied at n igh t at the CooperUnion in New York City . Then for a while at tended a school conductedby John Ward Stimson

,an ideal ist . Later studied at the National Acad

emy Of Design and spent a short t ime traveling in England and France.

“M r . Will iams’ landscapes are not pain ted out-Of-doors H e

transcribes what he feels rather than what he sees The scenes are

imaginati v e, gay and fanciful . Their charm lies in their joyous spontaneity, their rhythm of line and color .

”

“The women . he paints are in tensely feminine bu t are pictured im

personally,their objec t being

,as i t were to decorate the earth .

”

“H is pic tures are atmospheri c,w i thou t resort having been made to

m ists and vapors and they are pecu liarly spacious in suggest ion .

“Form and color are paramoun t and ligh t and shade take their placesas in a purely decorat i v e scheme .

”

A few paint ings are

“A glade by the sea” Chan t d ’

amourThe confidantes

” The inner harbor,Block Island

On the clifl s” Garrets M ountain N . J.

( I nt. studio 42 :li i i . )

WOODBURY,CHARLE S H ERBERT

, (P .

,E . ) b . Lynn

,Mass

,July 14, 1864 .

A pupi l Of the Mass . Insti tu te of Technology in Boston and of the

Academie Julien in P aris under Bouguereau and Lefebvre. A memberOf the Nat ional Academy of Desi gn

,1907 .

“A few painters have painted the ocean with a more fam iliar know ledge O f its aspec ts

,a closer sympathy with its various moods or in a

larger imaginative style.

”

(A rt P .

H is bést marines are

“The breaker”

A quiet sea”

The Open sea

Mid -ocean”

A heavy sea

Many who admire M r . Woodbury ’s marines and landscapes will be

surprised to learn that he has recently taken up etching . The P rint d ivision Of the Library of Congress recently exhi bited a group of his

etch ings.

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292

Of the exquisi tely poetic feeling with wh ich he loved to invest “his

scenes,

“Early morning” is a gorious example. ( Cafiin . )There is a combined realism and impressionism in W yant

’s work .

Early spring” is a characteristi c landscape.

“Wyant always looked for and grasped the specifi c essential—

tru th of

a scene S ome of his twilight scenes breathe only ineffable peace,others are astir wi th suggestions of the infinite mystery of the finalsleep .

”(Eleanor Richardson Gage. )

“H e loved the gray sky and somber tints of November, the subtlemystery of twi ligh t the fading glory of t he sunset ) ”

(Arts D .

Many cri tics have rated “Passing clouds”as W yant

’s most dramatic

composi t ion “which in its way he never surpassed .

”

Of his “Moonligh t and frost” ( painted at a single sitt ing ) it is said“I t is bathed in the mysti c sheen of the moonligh t wh ich has impressedi tself on the soul of the painter and is inst inc t wi th the very spirit of

frost , chi lled to intensi ty in the pic ture,as i t must have been in the

artist .”

A few of his pic tures in oil are

“Staten Island from the Jersey The wilds of the Adirondacksmeadows”

The old road— Evening”

The bird ’s nest H oosatonic valley”

Scene on the Upper Susque Early twilight”

hanna” A glimpse of the sea

A view on Lake George View in County Kerry, IrelandBroad silent valley” Spring”

Gray days had more allurement than sunny ones and his works are

found to have a lyri c quali ty which in a measure Inness’ lacks .

YANDE-L L , EN ID, ( S . ) b . Louis v ille,Ky.

,October 6 , 1 870. A pupil of

the Cincinnati A rt S chool ; Ph ilip Martiny in New York ; M acMonnies

and Rodin in Paris ; is an‘

ofii cer de l’academie

,French government

,and

has the distinc tion of being the first woman member of the National

Sculpture S ociety .

A t the Columbian Exposi tion in 1 893,Miss Yandell was represented

by the caryatids of the Women’s building and a figure of Daniel Boone.

A t the Tennessee Centenn ial Exposi tion her Athena ( in heroic si ze )stood before the A rt Palace. This figure is said to be the largest figureever designed by a woman . At the Pan-American Exposition in 1901 she

exh ibi ted two busts : Honorable John G . Carlisle of Ken tucky and the

Baroness de B raunecker ; also the'

Carrie Brown Memorial Fountain,given to the Ci ty of P rov idence

,R . I .

,by P au l B agnotti of Turin, Italy .

293

in memory of his wife.

“The l ines of the composi t ion are large and digu i ~

fied especially not i ceable in the model ing of the individual figures whichis well studied and techni cally excellent .” (Outl .

“Miss Yandell has made many small figures w i th admirable ski ll andabounds in happy

,

inventions.

”(Taft )

YOHN,FREDER ICK COFFAY

, ( I . ) b . Indianapol is,Ind .

,February 8

,1875 ;

made his debu t when he was nineteen,in the pages of Harper periodicals .

From h is home in Indiana he went to New York to study at the A rt

S tudents’ League where he was a pupil of M r . Siddons Mowbray .

W as selected to supply the drawings that accompanied the front iersketches of Theodore R oosevel t . Th is recogn i t ion was followed by a com

mission to illustrate Cabo t . Lodge’s

“ S tory of the Ameri can RevoIation.

”

H e makes the story-telling quali ty of a pi c ture easily felt in his com

posi tion, and projecting his motive wi th admirable appear .

“Mr. Y ohn’s ul timate purpose is to paint bat tle-pieces

,bu t in illustrat

ing he prefers to do character work— it is the soldier type that has so

far identified him .

”

“H is military compositions have suggested him as a successor to De

Neuville.

”

Invests his versatile compositions wi th stirring vigor and dramati cinterest .

Noted for his spiri ted battle scenes. (Brush P .

( s ) b . S alt Lake Ci ty , Utah , 1877 , and is a grandsonof the famous Morman leader

,Brigham Young . Studied in Julien Acad

emy, Paris.

“H is best work is distinguished by nobili ty and breadth of conception,

c lose and conscientious observat ion of nature, a predilec t ion for v irile

form and plastic line of great beauty and power .

” H is bronze figure of

an Alsatian boatman,Bovet Arthur, recei ved honorable mention at B ue

nos Ayres,and was awarded the Helen Foster Barnet t pri ze at the Na

tional Academy exh ibi tion of December, 191 1 . H as recently been electedassoc iate member of the Nat ional Academy of Design .

M r. Young’s latest noteworthy ach ievement is the “S ea gull

” monumen t erec ted in Sal t Lake Ci ty

,Utah .

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BIB LIOGRAPH Y .

GENERAL .

Appleton ’s . Cyclopaedia of Ameri can Biography

,N . Y . 1888 .

Bryan’s

“D i c t ionary of pain ters and engravers .

”

Champl in and Perkins “Cyclopedia of painters and pain ting .

” CharlesC . Perkins, cri t ical edi tor

,N . Y . 1887 .

Dictionary of National Biography,edi ted by Stephen Lee

,London and

N . Y . 1885-1900.

Lamb ’s Biograph ical Dic tionary of Un i ted S tates

,Boston

,1900.

Levy,Florence

,

“Ameri can A rt Annual,

” vols. 1 -1 1,New York .

The Nat ional Cyclopedia of Ameri can Biography,N . Y . 1898 .

The New Internat ional Encyclopedia, N . Y . 1 892-1904 . Pub . A .

Marqu is Co . Ch icago .

Who ’s who in Ameri ca.

” Vols. 1 -8 .

SPEC IAL.

Addison, Jul ia de I ’Volf,“The Boston Museum of Fine Arts .

” Boston.

1910.

Ameri can artists,

” by leading Ameri can wri ters. Boston .

Amory , Martha Babcock ,“Domesti c and artisti c li fe of John S ingleton

Cop ley .

” Boston . 1882 .

Benjamin,S . G . W .

“O ur Amer i can artists.

” 1 st and 2md series . B os

ton . 1881 .

B lashfield,Edwin H . Mural paint ing in Ameri ca .

” N . Y . 19 13.

B '

rinton ,Christian .

“M odern art ists .

” N . Y . 1908 . (Melchers, Sargen t, S hannon ,

Whistler . )Bryant

,Lorinda M .

“P i c tures and painters . N . Y . 1907 .

Cafi‘

in,C . H .

“Ameri can masters of paint ing .

” N . Y . 1902.

Cafiin,C . H .

“Ameri can masters of scu lpture.

” N . Y . 1 903.

C affin,C . H .

“H ow to study pic tures .

” N . Y . 1 912 . (Whistler and

Sargent . )Caffin

,C . H . The story of Ameri can painting . N . Y .

Carr,Cornelia .

“H arriet Hosmer : Letters and memories .

” N . Y . 1912.

Cary,El i zabeth Luther .

“Art ists past and present . ” N . Y . 1909 .

298

Child,Theodore.

“A rt and cri t i c ism .

” N . Y . 1892 .

Clements .

“Women in the fine arts .

” Boston . 1904 .

C lements and H u tton .

“Artists of the nineteenth century .

” Boston .

1880.

Cook , C larence.

“A rt and artists of our t imes .

” V ol . 3. (Weir. )Cortissoz , Royal .

“A rt and common sense.

” N . Y . 1913. ( Sargentand Whistler . )

Cortissoz , Royal .

“John LaFarge.

” Boston and N . Y . 191 1 .

C ox Kenyon .

“O ld masters and new .

” N . Y . 1905 .

Cox ,Kenyon .

“Art ist and publi c .

” N . Y . 1914 . ( S argen t , Chap . V ;Ameri can S chool , Chap . VI ; Saint-Gaudens, Chap . VII . )

Downes, Wi ll iam Home.

“Twelve great artists.

” Boston . 1900.

Downes,IVilliam H ome.

“L ife and works of Winslow Homer.

” Bostonand N . Y . 191 1 .

Dunlap,William .

“H istory of the rise and progress of the arts of

design in the Un i ted S tates.

” N . Y . 1834 .

Eaton,D . Cady .

“A handbook of modern French paint ing .

” N . Y . 1909 .

“Famous etchers.

” Boston .

F rench,H . W .

“A rt and artists of Connec t i cu t . ” Boston . 1879 .

H artmann,Sadaki ch i . “A history of Amer i can art.

” Boston . 1902 .

H awthorne,Nathan iel .

“The French and I tal ian note-books .

” N . Y .

1899 .

H enderson,Helen W .

“The Pennsylvan ia Academy of the Fine Arts .

Boston . 191 1 .

Hind , C . Lewis.

“August us Sain t-Gaudens.

” N . Y . 1908 .

H oeber, Arthur .

“The treasurers of the Metropoli tan Museum of A rt .

N . Y . 1899 .

Innes, Mary and DeK ay, Charles.

“Schools of paint ing.

” N . Y . and

London . 191 1 .

Isham , Samuel . “The history of American painting .

” N . Y . 1905 .

Jarves,James Jackson .

“The art idea .

” Boston and N . Y .

King, Pauline, “American mural painting .

” Boston . 1902 .

Knowlton, Helen M .

“The art and life of William Morris Hunt . ” B os

ton . 1900.

Koehler, S . R .

“Etching.

” N . Y .,London

,P aris

,Melbourne. 1885 .

Koehler,S . R . and others.

“Ameri can etch ing.

” Boston . 1879 .

Lanman,Charles.

“Letters from a landscape painter .

” Boston . 1844.

( Cole’s imaginative paint ings

,p . 64

,O ur N ew York pain ters, p .

Laurvik,J. N ilsen .

“Catalogue de luxe”of the Depar tment of Fine

Arts,Panama-P acific International Exposi tion (Vol . 1 , Chaps. 1

XII ) . Paul Elder Co .

,San Francisco . 1915 .

Leonard , John .

“Men of America.

” N . Y . 1908 .

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Serib . M . 26 13 ; 37 1604, 638

W . work 21 114085Lamb

,Charles R ollison

Lamb , Ella CondieLamb , Frederick S tymatz

C raftsman 13 1420

Int : studio 40:sup . xlivOutl . 701571

Lie, Jonas

Bul . Pan-Am . union 38 1679C raftsman 13 1135 ; 21 1455C ur . lit . 52 1222

H ouse B . 35 1126Int . studio 51 1sup . cxcii ; 531sup .

54 1sup . cxiiLinde , O ssip L .

Arts D . 4 1437

Loeb , LouisArtist 24 zsup . xiiiBookm . 101548

C ent . 0 . s .

H arper 1 15 1138Harp . W . 53 133 (July ’

09 )Int . studio 27 :1xxx v iiOutl . 92 187 1

Longman , Evelyn B eatriceGood H . 53 1178

H arp . B . 45 1360

Int . studio 45 zsup . xcixW . today 14 1526

Luks, George B .

Arts D . 3 1164 ; 4 1335 ; 6 1238

C raftsman 12 1599Int studio 56 1241

M acEwen, W alterBrush P . 1 1 1301 ;

M acLane, M . Jean (M rs . J. C . Johansen)Arts D . 31299

H arper 1 18 1292M acLaughlin ,

Donald ShawPrint col. Q . 6 11 1 1

M acM onnies , Frederick W .

Brush P . 1011

C osmopol . 531207

Int . studio 29 1319 ; 58 1sup . xl

M unsey 34 1415Serib . M . 18 1617

Studio (Lond . ) 6 117

W . work 1 1 16965M cNeil , H ermon A .

C raftsman 16 1709W . work 14 19403

M acomber, M ary L .

Int . studio 54 1sup . lxvu

M anship, P aul

Arts D . 6 1291

H arp . W . 62 1246

Int . studio 58 1sup . xvui

Lit . digest 52 11278N ew repub . 6 1207

Outl . 1 12 1542

Serib . M . 55 1664

M arin , JohnArts D . 6 1278

Forum 55 1331

M artin , H omer Dodge

H arper 59 1678 ; 126 1916Int . studio 35 1255Nation 95 1622

M elchers, J. GariBrush P . 5 1267

Cosmopol . 55 14

H arper 1 14 1430Int . studio 31 1sup . xi ; 48 1sup . xxvn

M ag . of art 24 1145

W . work 15 110092M etcalf , W illard LeroyAppleton ’

s bkl. 6 151 1

C ent . 0 . s . 77 1155

Int . studio 39 18New Eng . M . n . s . 39 1374

Quar . I llus .

M illet, Francis Davis

306'

Art P . 3 1635 ; 4 11087

Artist 26 1lxivC raftsman 15 1426

Int . studio 32 1sup . cxi ; 48 1sup . xxxivN ation 94 1410Serib . M . 51 1253

W . work 19 112378M ora, Francis LuisArts D . 6 1343

C raftsman 17 1402H arper 123 1888

M oran, Edward

B rush P . 8 1188

M oran, M ary N immo

Brush P . 8 13

Serib . M . 46 1731

M oran ,P eter

Art journal 31 126M oran,

Thomas

Brush P . 7 11

H arper 59 1677M owbray, H enry S iddonsH arper

,122 1724

M urphy, John FrancisArts D . 3 119 1

Brush P . 102205

Int . studio 53zsup . iiiM yers , Jerome

C raftsman 29 125Int . studio 55 1sup . cx v i ; 57 1sup . cxxv

Nourse, ElizabethArt P . 2 1262

C ent . 0 . s . 59 1481

Cosmopol. 29 125

C ur . lit . 48 190

Int . studio 27 1247 ; 54 1sup . xxviO akley, VioletArch . rec . 22 1455

C ent . 0 . s . 701265 ; 81 1734 ; 85 1239

C ritic 36 1521Good H . 54 1470

Lit . digest 48 164Serib . M . 41 1637

W . work 23 1606O chtman, Leonard

Art st 24 :1ix ; 27 1V ,xi

Brush P . 4 1125 ; 9 165

O sthaus , Edmund H enry

Brush P .

P ape, EricBookm . 1 1 1140

N ew Eng . M . n . s . 39 1455

Parker , Lawton S .

Int . studio 57 1sup . xxvn

Parrish , M axfield

Bookm . 1 1 155

C ritic 46 1512Ind . 59 11403

Int . studio 29 135Outl . 78 1839

Paulus, Francis P .

Int . studio 46 1141P ennell , Joseph

Art P . 4 1766

Bookm . 36 1158

Brush P .

C anad . M . 38 1333

C ent . 0 . s . 84 1567 ; 89 1340

C raftsman 2011 13; 29 1132Int . studio 301312 ; 38 122 ; 401200; 48 1132Outl . 8 1 1172

P icknell, W illiam L .

C ent . 0 . s . 62 17 10

P ratt,B ela L .

Arch . rec . 35 1508

Art P . 2 1295 ; 4 11 105

C ent . 0 . s . 78 1722

Int . studio 38 1sup . m ; 57 :sup . cxxiNew Eng . M . n . s . 39 1632

Pyle, H oward

C raftsman 15 1502H arper 124 1255Int . studio 45 1sup . lxxi ; 54 :sup . lxxxvN ation 93 1479Outl . 85 1453 ; 101 1270

St . N . 42 1644

R anger, H enryW .

B rush P .

C ent . 0 . s . 701636

Int . studio 29 :sup . X XX l l l

R edfield , Edward W .

Arena 36 120

Arts D . 6 1135

C ountry life 13 1194Int . studio 27 1sup . xxxvm ; 41 :sup . xxix

R eed , Earl H .

Art P . 6 1269

Reid , RobertAr tist 24 :1xi v ; 27 1ixArts D . 2 113

C raftsman 7 1699Int . studio 36 1sup . CX l l l

Remington, FredericC ent . 0 . s . 86 1354

C raftsman 15 2658Cur . lit . 33 1653; 431521

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308

H ouse B . 34 1179

Twachtman , John H enry

Am . M . 61 1599

Bookm . 27 1355

B rush P . 12 1243

C raftsman 14 1597

Forum 52 1245

Ind . 58 1147

Int . studio 35 1sup . xxi v ; 38 1sup . 11

No . Am . 176 1554

Van Ingen,W illiam B .

Arch . rec . 13 1322

Vedder, ElihuArtist 27 1x vBookm . 35 1145

C ent . 0 . s . 86 19 17

Int . studio 35 1sup . xci vOutl . 96 1693

Volk ,Douglas

C ent . 0 . s . 68 1654

Int . studio 54 1sup . xl v iii ; 55 1 sup . lxxiiiVonnoh , B essie P otter (M rs . Robert W .

Vonnoh )Brush P . 2 129

Good H . 53 1183

H ouse B . 35 1125

Int . studio 54 :sup . xl v iiiM ag . of art 24 1522

Serib . M . 19 1126 ; 55 1663

Vonnoh , R obert W .

Art P . 4 1999

Ar tist 29 1xiiArts D . 2 1381

H arper 1 16 1254Int . studio 27 1sup . lxxxvi ; 54 :sup . xlviii

W alker, H enry 0 .

Int . studio 27 1sup . lxxxv iW alker, H oratioArts D . 1 163

B rush P .

C anad . M . 18 1495

C raftsman 14 1138

H arper 1 17 1947W ard , John Q. A

'

.

Artist 26 1224H arper 57 162Int . studio 401sup . lxxxi ; 58 1sup . xxxv iiR . of R s . 41 1694

Scrib . M . 32 2385

W arner, O lin L .

Arch .

r

ec . 16 1488

C ent . 0 . s . 46 1436

Serib . M . 201429

W augh , Frederick J.

Art ; D . 1 11 1 1

Int . studio'

51 1273

W ebster, H erman A .

Int . studio 401sup . vi ; 45 1208

W einman, Adolph AlexanderArch . rec . 33 15 19

C ent . 0 . s . 8 1 1705

Int . studio 39 :sup . xlivW eir, J. Alden

Ar ts D . 2 155

Burlington M . 15 1131

C ent . 0 . s . 57 1956

C osmopol . 32 1596

Harper 1 14 2296 ; 131 1246Outl . 1 10: 120, 136

Scrib . M . 59 1129

W endt, W illiamAm . M . of art 7 1232

W enzell, Albert B eckGood H . 61 1860

Harp . B . 50115 (July ’15)

W histler, James M cNeill

Brush P . 12 1334

C ent . 0 . s . 801219 ; 86 1694 ; 901710

Int . studio 21 13, 208 ; 25 1224M asters in art 8 1503, bibliog .

W . work 6 13923Wh itney, Gertrude VanderbiltAr ts D . 6 1342

Good H . 53 1176

W iles, Irving Ram sey

Art D . 1 1402

Bkbuy 1 1 1387

C ent . 0 . s . 54 1799

C raftsman 14 1602 ; 18 1347H arper 109 1802 ; 1 14 1608R . of R s . 34 140

W oodbury, Charles H .

Art P . 4 1761

B rush P . 6 11

Int . studio 42 1sup . lxxiW yant, Alexander H elwigAm . Illus . M .

Brush P . 1 1 1184

H arper 59 1678 1 101802

Yandell , EnidGood H . 53 1182

Yohn,F. C .

Brush P . 2 1161

Young, M ahonri

C ur . O pin . 57 1200

Int . studio 47 2sup . lv