PASSWORD BASED SECURITY GATE SYSTEM POWERED BY HYBRID

POWER SUPPLY WITH SOLAR CHARGING SYSTEM

Final year project design submitted to

Kampala international University in partial fulfillment

Of the requirement for the award of the degree

Of

Bachelor of Science

In Electrical Engineering

By

Iya Ahmad Sadiq

BSEE/4265/143/DF

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND

TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES

SEPTEMBER, 2018

i

DECLARATION

I declare the project titled PASSWORD BASED SECURITY GATE SYSTEM POWERED

BY HYBRID POWER SUPPLY WITH SOLAR CHARGING SYSTEM CASE STUDY:

NIGERIA is original, and purely my effort, and has never been presented to any institution of

higher learning for the award of bachelor of engineering in electrical engineering.

ii

APPROVAL

This is to certify and therefore to affirm that after serious study, this work has been found as the

students’ original work and true record of what he was able to do for his final year design project

under the supervision of Mr. Owere Elijah Zeblon and Mr. Adabara Ibrahim.

…..……………………………… …..………………………………

Mr. Owere Elijah Zeblon Date

…..……………………………… …..………………………………

Adabara Ibrahim Date

Asst. Lecturer

Email. technologyvigilant@gmail.com

Web-site: technologyvigilant.wordpress.com

iii

DEDICATION

I dedicate this project design to my family and friends and my fellow students of electrical

engineering as well as all the people who assisted me in its compilation, financially and ethically.

May Allah bless them all.

iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all, I thank the Almighty God the most gracious and most merciful for the wisdom and

knowledge, the health and protection and all that he has bestowed on me so that this report and

design become a success.

Sincere gratitude to my beloved parents and family members for the spiritual moral and financial

support accorded to me throughout the entire course of education.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude towards all the people who have in

various ways, helped in the successful completion of my project design.

I must relay my gratitude to Mr. Owere Elijah Zeblon and Mr. Adabara Ibrahim for giving

me the constant source of inspiration and help in preparing this project, personally correcting my

work and providing encouragement throughout the project.

I also thank all my faculty members for steering us through the tough as well as easy phases of

the project in a result-oriented manner with concern attention.

v

ABSTRACT

Automatic gate is one of most usefully thing to use in companies, colonies, collages, homes, and

schools. There is some type to operate a gate such as a sliding on screw or on rack and pinion,

piston operated, rotary. Design is available for some type of operation and it is most costly also

When installation and maintenance cost is not yet been considered. The main objective of this

Project is to study, analyze, and provide an enhanced design and performance of power supply,

and also use it to power the automatic gate system. There are different types of mechanism used

to operate gate. Those methods are finite element modeling and mechanical design concept and

theories.

In this system, the microcontroller is programmed with a default password. Whenever the right

password is entered using 4x4 keypad. The microcontroller will give command to motor driver,

and DC motor will open and close after some seconds. At the same time, LCD display the

Situation, red LED shows the gate is closed, green LED shows the password is correct. In

addition to this, a push button is added so that you can press it when you are coming out, you

don’t need to password again.

The power supply is of two types, hybrid. There is AC main power stepped down from 220V to

12V. The DC power is from rechargeable battery, recharged by a 10W solar panel.

The work was successful. It is evidence that the use MCU with the right circuitry can be used to

operate a security system, and the project was effective to give maximum security. So the

implementation rate is inexpensive and it is reasonable by a common person. Hence it can be

afforded to purchase such security gate system to keep your property safe without any worries.

I also recommend to improve on this project by adding other features like, using Bluetooth signal

or remote signal. It can also be a finger print module.

Lastly, I give my further research about the 12V rechargeable battery, the circuit needs 9V

battery to be connected together with the AC supply. So my recommendation of further research

is to improve on this circuit so that you can be able to step the 12V battery to 9V

vi

LIST OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................................................ iv

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................... vi

TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. viii

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF NUMENCLATURES AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................... x

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 3

1.3.1 Main Objective ............................................................................................................. 3

1.3.2 Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Scope of the project ............................................................................................................. 3

1.5.1 Context Scope ............................................................................................................... 3

1.5.2 Geographical Scope ...................................................................................................... 4

1.5.3 Time Scope ................................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 5

LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................... 5

2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Existing Security Systems.................................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Password Gate Security System ................................................................................... 5

2.1.2 Solar Charging System ................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Major Components used ...................................................................................................... 9

vii

2.2.1 Components Used for Hybrid power supply ................................................................ 9

2.2.2 Components Used Security Gate System ................................................................... 11

CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 15

METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 15

3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 15

3.1 Hybrid Power Supply with Solar Battery Charging System Design ................................. 15

3.1.1 Working Principle of the Circuit ................................................................................ 17

3.2 Password Based Security Gate System Design ................................................................. 18

3.2.1 Working Principle of the Circuit ................................................................................ 19

3.3 Flow Chart Diagram .......................................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 22

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ......................................................................................... 22

4.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 22

4.1 Analysis of the System....................................................................................................... 22

CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 25

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATTIONS ..................................................................... 25

5.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 25

5.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 25

5.2 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 25

5.3 Further Research ................................................................................................................ 26

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 27

APPENDIX ................................................................................................................................... 30

APPENDIX A: GANTT CHART SHOWING PROJECT TIMELINE ....................................... 30

APPENDIX B: BUDGET USED ................................................................................................. 31

APPENDIX C: SECURITY SYSTEM CODES........................................................................... 32

APPENDIX D: PHOTOS SHOWING THE OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT ............................... 44

viii

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: 10W 12V Solar Panel (jaycar.com) ................................................................................. 9

Figure 2: Step-down Transformer (robohaat.com) ......................................................................... 9

Figure 3: 12V Rechargeable Battery (amronintl.com) ................................................................. 10

Figure 4: 12V and 5V Voltage Regulators (sparkfun.com & microsolution.com.pk) .................. 10

Figure 5: Bridge Rectifier (hackaday.com) .................................................................................. 11

Figure 6: ATMEGA 328P Pin Diagram (elektro.caslav.cz) ......................................................... 11

Figure 7: ATMEGA 328P MCU Chip (ktechnics.com) ............................................................... 12

Figure 8: 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (m.alibaba.com) .............................................................. 12

Figure 9: 4x4 Keypad Membrane (techtutorialsx.com) ................................................................ 13

Figure 10: L293D Motor Driver (huckster.io) .............................................................................. 13

Figure 11: Pushbutton (Sparkfun.com) ......................................................................................... 14

Figure 12: Electronic Buzzer (potentiallabs.com) ........................................................................ 14

Figure 13: Block Diagram of the Hybrid Power Supply .............................................................. 16

Figure 14: Circuit Diagram ........................................................................................................... 16

Figure 15: Block Diagram Password Based Security Gate system .............................................. 18

Figure 16 Circuit Diagram ............................................................................................................ 19

Figure 17: The House Constructed ............................................................................................... 20

Figure 18: System Flow Chart ...................................................................................................... 21

Figure 19: Hybrid Power Supply Circuit Design .......................................................................... 22

Figure 20: Circuit Design of the Security Gate System ................................................................ 23

Figure 21: LEDs and Buzzer Circuit ............................................................................................ 24

ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 showing the Budget Estimated and Used ........................................................................ 31

x

LIST OF NUMENCLATURES AND ABBREVIATIONS

AD Anno Domini

ATM Automated Teller Machine

AVR Alf and Vergard’s RISC processor

DC Direct Current

EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

IDE Integrated Development Environment

LCD Liquid Cristal Display

LED Light Emitting Diode

MCU Microcontroller Unit

PV Photovoltaic

RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer

1

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

Nowadays, in the globalization era there are always the foundation of new technologies features

every year. As a result of enhanced civilization and modernization, the human nature demands

more comfort to his life. Man seeks ways to do things easily and which saves time. So thus,

password based security gates are one of the examples that human nature invents to bring

comfort and ease in its daily life. Password based security gate is an automated moveable gate

which will be implemented in the entry of a house or facility to restrict access, provide ease of

opening and closing a gate.

The idea to harness the power of the sun to charge batteries has been known since France

decided it needed an alternative source of energy in the 70’s. Satellite technology has given clear

pictures to designers about solar energy intensity exploration and distribution worldwide. Solar

energy research emphasis over the past three decades has concentrated on solar energy direct

heat production and solar energy electricity production.

1.1 Background of the Study

Passwords are ancient. The practice of demanding proof of identity in exchange for something of

value – be it peace, information, or passage to save haven – has been around far longer than

anyone often cares to think. When you think of the origin of password, you might think of the

first days of computing, the first edition of a video game save, or may be even dusty old

cryptography methods days only recently past. We often forget – secrets are nothing new. Why,

then, should the desire to protect those secrets be seen as a modern innovation?

A modern password is just another extension of digital cryptography – one factor in password

security that protects the door to personal, corporate or otherwise private information. That’s

where the journey to understanding the origins of the password begins – with cryptography,

(Christopher Perry, 2015).

In the 1st century AD, Greek mathematician Heron of Alexandria invented the first known

automatic door. He described two different automatic door operations. The first application used

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heat from a fire lit by the city’s temple priest. After a few hours’ atmospheric pressure built up in

a brass vessel causing it to pump water into adjacent containers. These containers acted as

weights that, through a series of ropes and pulleys, would open the temple’s doors at about the

time people were to arrive for prayer. Heron used similar application to open the gates to the

city.

In 1931, engineers Horace H. Raymond and Sheldon S. Roby of the tool and hardware

manufacture Stanley Works designed the first model of an optical device triggering the opening

of an automatic door.

In 1954, Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt invented the first sliding automatic door. The automatic

door used a mat actuator. In 1960, the co-founded Horton Automatics Inc. and placed the first

commercial automatic sliding door on the market, (Wikipedia).

The first commercial electric gate systems were hydraulic and designed for reliability and ease of

use.

Electric gates alone, however solid and imposing they may be, cannot guarantee a completely

secure environment electric locks, are often needed to boost the locking effectiveness of the gate

motors. Electric gates are recommended to be used in combination with other security features to

install a full security system. A few of these features are closed circuits with security cameras,

additional gates in conjunction with the main gate, electronic keycards and keypads, security

guards, etc. (Wikipedia).

Solar power technology is not a recent development; in fact, it dates back to the mid-1800s to the

industrial revolution when solar energy plants were developed to heat water that created steam to

drive machinery. In 1839 Alexandre Edmond Becquerel observes the photovoltaic effect via an

electrode in a conductive solution exposed to light. He claimed that “shining light on an

electrode submerged in a conductive solution would create an electric current.” However, even

after much research and development subsequent to the discovery, photovoltaic power continued

to be inefficient and solar cells were used mainly for the purpose of measuring light. Over 100

years later, in 1941, Russel Ohl invented the solar cell, after the invention of the transistor

(Wikipedia).

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1.2 Problem Statement

The frequent theft and insecurity to lives and properties is creating fear, anxiety, and it has been

a prime concern in the home and office management. Coming out with the result of improving

security and reinforcing safety. Also, the problem of having power supply for some hours less

than 24hours a day, which will be eradicated by harnessing the power of the sun to charge

batteries which will be used as a backup.

1.3 Objectives

1.3.1 Main Objective

The main objective of this project is to provide an enhanced design and performance of power

supply to the security system which can be installed in homes, offices, companies, by allowing

only the authorized personnel to use the security system to access the restricted area. The

concern is for the lives and the physical property and also for the intellectual property. For this

reason, only the authorized person with a valid password will be allowed into the secured

premises.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

To implement a hybrid power supply to the security gate system comprising of main

power and solar.

To implement solar charging system with solar panel.

To implement a security gate system that operates automatically.

To provide a backup power supply to the security system in case of prolong power

outage.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The project will work anywhere that need security system like, homes, offices, industries, etc.

and it has issue of power outage for some time or for a long period of time. In this process, it

provides security to the restricted area and also solve the problem of power outage.

1.5 Scope of the project

1.5.1 Context Scope

i. Solar panel converts solar energy to electrical energy.

ii. Solar system acting as a backup power supply.

iii. Keypad acting as the input for the password.

4

iv. microcontroller as the processing unit of the system

v. LCD module will display the situation of the system.

vi. Motor driver drives the motor to open and close the gate.

1.5.2 Geographical Scope

This project is set to or can work where the power supply is less than 24hrs a day.

1.5.3 Time Scope

The time taken used in carrying out this project is from November 2017 to September 2018,

expressed with the use of Gant chart. Refer to appendix A

5

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

Literature survey is carried out to gain information and knowledge before starting with the

design and analyses of this project, I referred many research papers, videos, manuals, documents

related to the concept of the project. In this chapter, it briefly explains previous projects carried

out by other students. This include the design and implementation of password based security

lock system, password protected lock system designed using microcontroller, design and

development of low cost auto gate system for house, and for the power supply its include

experimental designed and construction of an enhanced solar battery charger, and project report

on solar charger circuit using IC LM317.

2.1 Existing Security Systems

2.1.1 Password Gate Security System

This Project, design and implement password based security lock system, is a system that is

password based and allows only authorized person to access it with a password. It also has the

provision of changing the password. The system is fully controlled by the 8-bit microcontroller

of 8051 families. The password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller and

the password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on to the

microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to lock or unlock the electric

door, which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong attempt to open the door (by entering the wrong

password) an alert will be actuated, indicated by another lamp, (M. Hymavathi, etal, 2017).

In this paper, automatic password based door lock system, detail information about system has

been given in which we can unlock the door by using pre-decided password. It increases the

security level to prevent an unauthorized unlocking done by attacker. In case the user forgets the

both passwords, this system gives the flexibility to the user to change or reset the password. This

automatic password based lock system will give user more secure way of locking-unlocking

system. First the user combination will be compared with prerecorded password which are stored

in the system memory. User can go for certain number of wrong combinations before the system

6

will be temporarily disabled. The door will be unlocked if user combination matches with the

password. The same password can be used to lock the door as well. This system will give the

user an opportunity to reset his own password if he wants (Neelam Majgaonkar, etal, 2016).

In this project we are providing enough security to satisfy the user’s needs. The user will be

prompted to enter a password to unlock the door. On successful password entry, the door unlocks

for a specified amount of time enabling him/her to store or restore his/her valuables. On the other

hand, if the user enters an invalid password then corresponding equivalent message will be

displayed.

This project “Arduino based password protected locking system” can be used to provide enough

security in various places like bank lockers, security doors, BIOS locking in computer etc.

(Sriharsha B S, etal, 2016).

In password protected locking system using Arduino, initially has the password predefined.

When the device is switched on, it resets the servo angle to lock the door. Now the user is

prompted to enter the password. The user enters the password through a keypad which is read by

the Arduino. Now the entered password is checked with the predefined password. If the

password matches, then the servo motor deflects and the door unlocks for 30s else the buzzer

beeps indicating the invalidity of the password (Sriharsha B S, etal, 2016).

In the design and development of low cost auto gate system for house, the system is controlled

by 8-bit microcontroller AT89C2051, the microcontroller receives the infrared signal from the

transmitter which remote control through IR sensor, decode it and switch ON the relay that

control the DC motor which incorporate with gear that control the movement of the gate forward

and backward, when the wrong password enters through IR remote control designed for the

circuit and open button is press the gate will not open, the security alarm will sound for security

purpose. This alarm system is incorporated with design in order to impede intruders from gaining

entrance to the opening of the gate (C. K. Primus, etal, 2015).

The purpose of password protected lock system designed using microcontroller was to provide

security at (house, ATM, office etc.) in this system the user will have to register a unique

password. The information will be stored in data base. Whenever the right password will be

7

received, the controller will accordingly give instruction to dc motor. DC motor will perform the

action on door unlocking. We want to utilize the electronic technology to build an integrated and

fully customized home security system at a reasonable cost, (Aarfin Ashraf, etal, 2016).

2.1.2 Solar Charging System

According to this project; experimental design and construction of an enhanced solar battery

charger,the Solar Battery Charger circuit is designed, built and tested. It acts as a control circuit

to monitor and regulate the process of charging several batteries ranging from 4 volts to 12 volts,

using a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel as the input source for the battery charging process. The

circuit is economical and can be easily constructed from discrete electronic components. The

circuit operation is based on matching the solar panel terminal load voltage to the input terminal

of the charging circuit and the appropriate number of battery cell units to be charged to the

output circuit through the use of a current limited voltage regulator, allowing fast charging while

limiting heat build-up and gassing and a rotary switch for easy selection of the appropriate

voltage depending on the solar light intensity, (Faithpraise Fina, etal, 2016).

In This project report on solar charger circuit using IC LM317, it makes a simple solar charger

which can be used on the go. Solar panels don’t supply regulated voltage while batteries need so

for charging. He used an external adjustable voltage regulator to have the desired constant

voltage. A zener diode switches on to ensure charging is cut off at the saturation point (Neha

Kondekar, 2015).

Solar Power Management is the project in which the controller automatically checks the status

and switches the battery having highest voltage to the load and the battery having lowest voltage

to the solar panel for charging. In this project it also displays the voltage status of four batteries

and also the voltage status of solar panel on Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). LCD also displays

the number position of the battery which is connected to the load and solar panel. In this project

an attempt is made to use a PIC controller which is an advance version of microcontroller with

the help of this a program is made for the appropriate switching of the battery in desired

condition. Thus by this dissertation we try to do the efficient management of solar power (Mr.

Ravi Patel, etal, 2014).

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In an Intelligent lead acid battery management system for solar and off-peak energy storage, the

battery management system has the function of monitoring the system that measures the levels of

current and voltage in the solar panels battery bank. The battery management system also helps

the battery to work in a more efficient way. The battery performance deteriorates when

substantial differences occur in the voltage levels among individual cells. Therefore, identifying

the cells with high or low voltage levels becomes necessary to trigger the equalization process to

balance the cell voltage. The off-peak energy management system provides stored energy during

high electric power demand periods. The strategy here was to store energy during low load

periods and release energy during high demand periods. During the day time, the system stores

the energy generated from the solar panels in the battery bank for consumption in the evening. At

midnight, the system also charges the battery by importing cheap energy from public utility

power grid. This provides the base energy for the next day’s load, and it also helps the sulfating

process in the lead-acid battery, which occurs if the battery stays in a low state of charge for too

long (Ming-Chieh Chen, 2012).

This thesis deals with the design and implementation of a charge controller for multiple lead-acid

batteries from a solar system. The controller enables an independent connection and charge

control for each of more batteries with the possibility of different parameters. It is in contrast

with solutions with one connection for multiple batteries connected in parallel, where mixing

different types is not recommended. The controller offers very high scalability of energy storage

in solar system (Korenciak, P, 2011).

Design of a cost efficient solar charge controller for solar photovoltaic system has two stage

charge controller using Arduino Nano board. The Arduino MCU senses the solar panel and

battery voltages. It then decides how to charge the battery and control the load. The amount of

charging current is determined by difference between battery voltage and charge set point

voltages. The controller uses two stages charging algorithm. It also gives a fixed frequency

PWM signal according to the frequency algorithm, to the solar panel side p-MOSFET. The

controller gives high or low command to the load side p-MOSFET according to the dusk/dawn

and battery voltage (Abu Nayem Md. Hasib, 2016).

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2.2 Major Components used

2.2.1 Components Used for Hybrid power supply

10 watts, 12-volt solar panel absorbs sunlight as a source of energy to generate

electricity. A photovoltaic solar panel module is a packaged, connected assembly of

typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute of the

photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in

commercial and residential applications. The solar panel was used to charge the battery.

Figure 1: 10W 12V Solar Panel (jaycar.com)

Step-down Transformer; is an electric device that transfers electrical energy between

two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in one coil of

the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in a

second coil. A step down transformer is used to step down from 220V to 12V gotten from

AC main power

Figure 2: Step-down Transformer (robohaat.com)

10

12V Battery an electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cell

with external connections provided to power electric devices such as flashlights,

smartphones, and electric cars. The 12V battery is used to power the security system and

it is also charged, periodically by the solar panel.

Figure 3: 12V Rechargeable Battery (amronintl.com)

Voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage independent

of the load current, temperature and AC line voltage variations. I used LM7812 to

regulate the power from the battery, and then LM7805 to get 5V.

Figure 4: 12V and 5V Voltage Regulators (sparkfun.com& microsolution.com.pk)

Bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four diodes in a bridge circuit configuration that

provides the same polarity of output for either polarity of input. When used in its most

common application, for conversion of an alternating current input into a direct-current

output, it is known as a bridge rectifier.

11

Figure 5: Bridge Rectifier (hackaday.com)

2.2.2 Components Used Security Gate System

ATMEGA328P Microcontroller Board ATMEGA328P is high performance, low

power controller from Microchip. ATMEGA328P is an 8-bit microcontroller based on

AVR RISC architecture. It is the most popular of all AVR controllers as it is used in

ARDUINO boards. It consists of both physical programmable circuit board (often

referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE that runs on a computer,

used to write and upload computer code to the physical.

Figure 6: ATMEGA 328P Pin Diagram (elektro.caslav.cz)

12

Figure 7:ATMEGA 328P MCU Chip(ktechnics.com)

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated

optical device that uses the light-modulated properties of liquid crystals. The type of LCD

used isan alphanumeric with 2 lines of 16 characters.

Figure 8: 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (m.alibaba.com)

Keypad is a set of buttons arranged in a block or “pad” which bear digits, symbols or

alphabetical letters. Pads mostly containing numbers are called numeric keypad. The

keypad that will be used will be 4x4 keypad and is used to input password to access the

facility from outside.

13

Figure 9: 4x4 Keypad Membrane (techtutorialsx.com)

Motor Driver is a little current amplifier; the function of motor driver is to take a low-

current control signal and then turn it into a higher-current signal that can drive a motor.

The motor driver is used to drive the Motor to open and close the gate.

Figure 10: L293D Motor Driver (huckster.io)

14

Push Button is a simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a

process. The pushbutton is used to open the gate from inside the facility.

Figure 11: Pushbutton (Sparkfun.com)

Buzzer or a beeper is an audio signally device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm

devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

Figure 12: Electronic Buzzer (potentiallabs.com)

2.3 Software Used

The softwares used are proteos 8.6 and Arduino 1.5.3 for designing the circuit diagram and

programming the MCU, respectively

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CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This chapter explains how this password based security gate system powered by hybrid power

supply with solar charging system is designed and implemented. The first design is the power

supply; the second design is the password based security system.

I also did research through textbooks, past reports in the existing bird control techniques,

journals patents and browsing different websites on internet on the content relating to the project.

The data collected helped determine various techniques being used and how I should make my

design to be more efficient and effective.

3.1 Hybrid Power Supply with Solar Battery Charging System Design

240V AC

Supply

Step-Down

Transformer

Bridge

Rectifier Filter

Voltage

Regulator

12V

Switching

Diodes

Battery

Voltage

Regulator

5V

Circuit

Charge

Controller

Solar

Panel

16

Figure 13: Block Diagram of the Hybrid Power Supply

The above block diagram shows briefly how the hybrid power supply is designed. It starts with

A.C. main power, connecting it to a step-down transformer which is then rectified and filtered to

get 12V. Two diodes were connected between the battery and the main power, so that it will be

switching when one source is off. The solar panel is used to charge the battery.

Figure 14: Circuit Diagram

The hybrid power supply operates using both solar panel and main power to charge and provide

to the circuit respectively. The solar panel was placed outside; in the sun, photons of light strike

the electrons in the p-n junction and energize them, knocking them free of their atoms.

The first power supply is the main power supply, which is A.C. This A.C. is at 220V and it is

stepped down to 12V with the use of a step-down transformer. It is then rectified with the use of

four diodes by the method of bridge rectifying. A capacitor of 220µC smoothen or filter the

output and connecting it to a voltage regulator of 12V in between two capacitors of 10µC to get

exactly 12V. Two diodes are connected, which I called them “the switching diodes”. D1 is

connected from the 12V voltage regulator and D2 from the 12V battery, and completing the

circuit with a 5V voltage regulator in between two 10µC capacitors to get exactly 5V which the

circuit needs.

17

3.1.1 Working Principle of the Circuit

The working principle of this hybrid power supply is simple. When the main power is available,

the voltage supplied is at 12V, while the battery voltage is at 9V. As long as power is supplied by

the main power supply, the voltage that the circuit receives is 11.4V (there is a 0.6V drop across

D1). At the same time, D2’s anode is more negative in voltage than its cathode by 2.6V (11.4V

minus 9.0V), which means D2 blocks current flow from the battery, hence preventing battery

drain. Now, when there is blackout, causing the power supply to fail, D2’s anode becomes more

positive in voltage than its cathode, and it allows current to flow from the battery to the load. At

the same time, D1 acts to block current from flowing from the battery into the power supply.

(This is exactly how the inter-changing of the main power and the battery supposed to be. But

there is a setback, I couldn’t get a rechargeable battery of 9V, instead I get a rechargeable battery

of 12V. I will give my recommendations on how to use the 12V battery in this circuit properly in

the next chapter).

The solar panel charges the battery through by connecting it to the battery. The microcontroller

monitors the level of the battery when it is full, the relay trips cutting-off the voltage from the

solar panel, leaving it in float mode. The battery gives additional advantage of surplus power in

case the power outage of main power is prolonged. Hence, making the battery to have enough

energy for a long time. Here I use 12V battery as a solar panel when designing the circuit, as

there is no solar panel in the software.

18

3.2 Password Based Security Gate System Design

Figure 15: Block Diagram Password Based Security Gate system

The above block diagram shows a summary of the security system. Keypad and push button are

inputs to the microcontroller, respectively. Then, the microcontroller gives out commands to

buzzer, LEDs, relay to monitor the voltage level of the battery, motor driver for driving the

motor, and LCD for display.

19

Figure 16 Circuit Diagram

Atmega 328P microcontroller is used in this circuit. This microcontroller unit has 28 pins. The

LCD is connected to 6 pins of the MCU, from A0 to A5 respectively. A 10k potentiometer is

connected to the LCD to adjust the brightness for clear vision. D0 is used to monitor the voltage

of the battery while charging. Relay pin is D1 which trips when the battery is fully charged. D1

and D2 were connected to motor driver for forward and backward directions respectively. The

4x4 keypad has 8 pins, and connected to D4-D11 of the MCU, D12 goes with the pushbutton,

and LEDs were connected to D13.

3.2.1 Working Principle of the Circuit

The working principle of this system is based on Atmega 328P microcontroller, which is the

brain of the circuit. When the circuit is powered, the LCD serves as the display showing

instructions, and status of the password entered. The potentiometer is used to adjust the contrast

of the LCD for clear display. The Keypad serves as input for password and if it is correct the

Microcontroller will give command or send signal to motor driver and driving the motor to open

the gate. The gate will open for some seconds and will close automatically in which the motor

20

driver drives the motor to open and close the gate. At the same time LCD displays “password

Correct, Opening Gate”. If the password is not correct, LCD will display “wrong Password, Pls

Try Again” or “press # to change password”. When changing password, you will’ve to put your

current password first correctly, then put a new one.

In addition to this keypad to unlock the gate automatically, a push button is connected from

inside, let say the house. Which when pressed it opens the gate too without asking for password,

and also close the gate after some seconds. This is because, it will be inconvenient to go outside

again and open the gate using the keypad and want to come out with your car, which there will

not be enough time before you come out. So, the pushbutton makes things easier for you. A

green LED is used to indicate if the password is correct, and a red LED is used to indicate the

gate is closed.

The fabrication of this project was done by constructing a small house. Housing all designs of

this project, both the hybrid power supple with solar charging battery system and the password

based security system.

Figure 17: The House Constructed

21

3.3 Flow Chart Diagram

Start

Is the

password

entered

correct

No

Refresh

Yes

Display

Wrong

Password, Try

Again

Gate Stays

Closed

Press # to

Change

Password

# Pressed,

enter current

password,

then new

password

Display

Done

Initialize

All

VariablesIs

Pushbutt

on

Pressed

NoGate Stays

Closed

Yes

Open

Gate for

2s, then

Close

Gate

Refresh

RefreshRead

Voltage or

Charge

Level of

Battery

Charge

Level up

to

Standard

Yes

No

Open

Gate for

2s, then

Close

Gate

Refresh

Relay On.

Charge

Battery

Relay Off

Figure 18: System Flow Chart

22

CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.0 Introduction

This section explained how the constructed power supply, and the security gate system were

analyzed and achieved after the design.

4.1 Analysis of the System

The power supply circuit shown below was designed using a bridge rectifier for changing the

220V AC supply to DC, a voltage regulator that produced 12V after being rectified. 12V battery

for additional power when AC is off. Then a voltage regulator of 5V to power the security

system.

Figure 19: Hybrid Power Supply Circuit Design

23

The security gate system circuit was made up of an LCD for display together with a

potentiometer to adjust it brightness, a microcontroller unit that gives out commands, a relay for

cutting off the battery when it is fully charged by the solar panel, a motor driver that drives the

motor to open and close the gate, a 4x4 keypad used for putting password, and a push button that

also opens and closes the gate when pressed from inside the facility. The MCU was programmed

Arduino IDE software. This circuit was powered by the above power supply at the rate of 5V.

Figure 20: Circuit Design of the Security Gate System

24

The circuit below was made up of LEDs; red for indicating the gate is closed, and green for

indicting the right password is entered and the gate is opening. The buzzer makes sound when

the gate is opening and when the password is incorrect.

Figure 21: LEDs and Buzzer Circuit

25

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATTIONS

5.0 Introduction

In this chapter, I briefly give my conclusion of this project which was a success, by achieving the

objectives stated. I also recommend some areas that can be improved like adding Bluetooth

device, or finger print module, even eye scanner. There is also further research that is needed on

this project which is the part of the battery, i.e. to create circuit that can be able to step down the

12V of the battery to 9V needed by the power supply circuit.

5.1 Conclusions

The main objective of this project was to provide an enhanced design and performance of power

supply to the security system which can be installed in homes, offices, companies, by allowing

only the authorized personnel to use the security system to access the restricted area. The

concern is for the lives and the physical property and also for the intellectual property. For this

reason, only the authorized person with a valid password will be allowed into the secured

premises.

Also, the specific objectives were to implement a hybrid power supply to the security gate

system comprising of main power and solar, to have a solar charging system with solar panel, to

implement a security gate system that operates automatically, and to provide a backup power

supply to the security system in case AC power is off.

The work was successful. It is evidence that the use MCU with the right circuitry can be used to

operate a security system, and the project was effective to give maximum security. So the

implementation rate is inexpensive and it is reasonable by a common person. Hence it can be

afforded to purchase such security gate system to keep your property safe without any worries.

5.2 Recommendations

As this system was built successfully, I would like to give my recommendations. First of all, is to

undertake more study about this project in order to get good understanding about it. Also, I

would like to whoever will improve on this project build a stand for the solar panel so that it can

face the sun comfortably, and also use or improve on the opening and closing mechanism of the

26

gate. I would also like to recommend to improve on this project by adding other features like,

using Bluetooth signal, remote signal, voice recognition, or eye scanner. It can also be a finger

print module. Hence when connecting this project, please do not connect AC supply together

with the battery. Currently, they have the same voltage which is 12V, but to get what the circuit

needs from the battery which is 9V, it would need a circuit to step it down to 9V from the 12V.

5.3 Further Research

As I have said earlier about the 12V rechargeable battery, the circuit needs 9V battery to be

connected together with the AC supply. So my recommendation of further research is to improve

on this circuit so that you can be able to step the 12V battery to 9V.

Also, when I was designing the security gate system, I run-out of pins and there is no pin for

buzzer. You can also look for other microcontrollers that has more pins, so that you can be able

to connect it.

27

REFERENCES

Aarfin Ashraf, Deepak Rasaily, Anita Dahal. (2016). Password Protected Lock System Designed

using Microcontroller IJETT-Vol.32 No.4.

Sriharsha B S, Zabiullah, Vishnu S B and Sanju V.(2016) Password Protected Locking System

Using Arduino, BIJIT – BVCAM’s International Journal of Information Technology.

Razykov, T.M., Ferekides, C.S., Morel, D., Stefanakos, E., Ullal, H.S., Upadhyaya H.M.

(2011)Solar photovoltaic electricity: Current status and future prospects, Solar Energy

Neha Kondekar, guided by Amit K. Gupta, Prof. Navakant Bhat, (2015)Project Report on Solar

Charger Circuit using IC LM317.

Adamu Murtala Zungeru and Paul Obafemi Abraham-Attah, A digital Automatic Sliding Door

with A Room Light Control System.

M. Hymavathi, V. Srilatha, C. Hemalatha, R. Swaroopa, Faisal Khaled Awadh al Saleh,

(2017)Design and implementation of Password Based Security Lock System IJIRCCE, vol. 5,

Issue 2.

Prajapati Dipali K., Raj Roshani D, Patel Komal C., Hilali Marhaba A. (2014). Automatic Gate

Opening System for Vehicles with RFID or Password IJEER, Vol. 2, Issue 2, April-June 2014.

Shihab Sultan Salim Al-Kalbani. Remotely Controlled Secure Main Gate System.

Sundus K. E., Al Mamare S. H. (2014) Using Digital Image Processing to Make an Intelligent

Gate. IJACSA, Vol. 5, No. 5.

Philip A. Adewuyi, Muniru O. Okelola, Adewale O. Jemilehin. (2013) PIC Based Model of an

Intelligent Gate Controller. IJEAT, Vol. 2, Issue 3.

Ming-Chieh Chen (2012) An Intelligent Lead Acid Battery Management System for Solar and

off-peak Energy Storage. University of Toledo.

Korenciak, P. (2011) Charge Controller for Solar Panel Based Charging of Lead-acid Batteries.

Brno University of Technology.

28

Abu Nayem Md. Hasib, Saila Siddique Aurin, Moury Ahmed Tushty, Mostafa Abdur Rahman,

(2016) Design of a cost Efficient Solar Charge Controller for Solar Photovoltaic System. Brac

University.

O. Shoew, O. T. Baruwa. (2006) Design of a Microprocessor Based Automatic Gate.The Pacific

Journal of Science and Technology. Vol 7, NO.1

Mr. Ravi Patel, Mr. Mehul Patel, Mr. Ashish Maheshwari, Mr. Vinesh Agarwal. (2014) Design

and Implementation of Battery Management System Using Solar Power. IJSRD. Vol. 2, Issue 01

Faithpraise, Fina, Bassey, Donatus, Charles, Mfon, Osahon, Okoro, Udoh, Monday, Chatwin,

Chris. (2016) Experimental Design and Construction of an Enhanced Solar Battery

ChargerIOSR-JEEEVolume 11, Issue 2 Ver. III. PP 11-16.

C. K. Primus, N.S. yahya, A. Arbai, N. A. N. Dandang. N. O.AFI. (2015).DESIGN AND

DEVELOPMENT OF LOW COST AUTO GATE SYSTEM FOR HOUSE, PART 4IDPC.

Christopher Perry. (2015).the Origin of Passwords, Password Security.

https://www.portalguard.com/blog/2015/09/14/the-origin-of-password-security.

Neelam Majgaonkar, Ruhina Hodekar, Priyanka Bandagale. (2016).Automatic Door Locking

System.IJEDR, Volume 4, Issue 1: page 495-499,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_door

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_gates

https://www.energymatters.com.au/panels-modules

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells

https://www.theorycircuit.com/battery-charger-circuit-diagram-auto-cut-off

https://m.alibaba.com/product/60450503199/customize-16x2-lcd-display-module-

for.html?subject=customize--16x2--lcd--display--module--

for&detailId=60450503199&redirect=1

https://ktechnics.com/shop/atmega328p-pu

http://elektro.caslav.cz/arduino-2/

https://techtutorialsx.com/2017/03/18/esp8266-interfacing-with-a-4x4-matrix-keypad/

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/97

29

https://potentiallabs.com/cart/buzzer

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12766

http://www.microsolution.com.pk/product/voltage-regulator-ic-lm7805-pakistan/

https://hackaday.com/2014/12/03/scope-noob-bridge-rectifier/

https://www.hackster.io/hoffmanjon/controlling-a-motor-with-an-h-bridge-fd13b2

https://www.jaycar.com.au/solar-panel-charger-kit-12v-10w/p/ZM9051

https://www.amronintl.com/amron-12vdc-rechargeable-slide-terminal-gel-cell-battery-2890-

05.html

https://robohaat.com/home/215-12-0-12-step-down-transformer-1a-85043100.html

30

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A: GANTT CHART SHOWING PROJECT TIMELINE

10-Nov-17 30-Dec-17 18-Feb-18 9-Apr-18 29-May-18 18-Jul-18 6-Sep-18

Research on Projects and Selection of Topic

Topic Approval By Department

Deep Research on Project Title

Meeting With Supervisors

Correction of Project Report and Preparing for Proposal

Presenting Project Proposal To Panel

Gathering Project Requirement

System Design and Implementation

Testing System Design and Analysis

Report Writing, Approval and Preparing for Presentation

Presenting Designed Project and Final Report Submission

Gantt Chart Showing Timeline of the Project

Start Date Duration

31

APPENDIX B: BUDGET USED

Table 1 showing the Budget Estimated and Used

SERIAL NUMBER NAME UNIT PRICE

(Shs)

QUANTITY TOTAL

(Shs)

001 Microcontroller unit 250,000 1 250,000

002 Jumper wire 500 70 35,000

003 Buzzer 5,000 2 10,000

004 Motor Driver 40,000 1 40,000

005 Voltage Regulator 8,000 2 16,000

006 Keypad 10,000 1 10,000

007 Motor 70,000 1 70,000

008 Transistor 500 20 10,00

009 Resistor 500 30 15,000

010 Diodes 500 30 15,000

011 Transformer 25,000 2 50,000

012 PCB 10,000 5 50,000

013 Capacitors 500 30 15,000

014 Breadboard 15,000 2 30,000

015 LED 700 5 3,500

016 LCD 30,000 1 30,000

018 Potentiometer 5,000 2 10,000

019 Relay 8,000 2 16,000

020 Push Button 5,000 2 10,000

021 Solar Panel 120,000 1 120,000

022 12V Battery 80,000 1 80,000

023 Construction 250,000 250,000

024 Miscellaneous 300,000 300,000

TOTAL 1,435,500

32

APPENDIX C: SECURITY SYSTEM CODES

//https://electrosome.com/door-lock-arduino/

#include <Keypad.h>

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>

#include<EEPROM.h>

LiquidCrystal lcd(A1,A2,A3,A4,A5,0);

char password[4];

#define Relay_pin 4

#define Button_pin 2

char pass[4],pass1[4];

int i=0;

char customKey=0;

const byte ROWS = 4; //four rows

const byte COLS = 4; //four columns

char hexaKeys[ROWS][COLS] = {

{'1','2','3','A'},

{'4','5','6','B'},

{'7','8','9','C'},

{'*','0','#','D'}

};

33

//byte rowPins[ROWS] = {A0,A1,A2,A3}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad

//byte colPins[COLS] = {A4,A5,3,2}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad

byte rowPins[ROWS] = {3,5,6,7 }; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad

byte colPins[COLS] = {8,11,10,9}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad//66 was 4

//initialize an instance of class NewKeypad

Keypad customKeypad = Keypad( makeKeymap(hexaKeys), rowPins, colPins, ROWS, COLS);

int Led = 1;

int Buzzer = 14;

int MotorForward = 12;

int MotorBackward = 13;

void setup()

{

lcd.begin(16,2);

pinMode(Led, OUTPUT); //Set Led Pin as an Ouput

pinMode(Buzzer, OUTPUT); //Set Buzzer Pin as an Output

pinMode(MotorForward, OUTPUT); //Set the Forward (Open) Direction of the Motor as

an Output

pinMode(MotorBackward, OUTPUT); //Set the Backward (Close) Direction of the Motor

as an Output

34

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW); //Forward Direction of the Motor is off

digitalWrite(Led,HIGH); //LED is on

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW); //Backward Direction of the Motor is off

pinMode(Button_pin,INPUT_PULLUP);

digitalWrite(Button_pin,HIGH);

pinMode(Relay_pin,OUTPUT); //Set Relay Pin as an Output

digitalWrite(Relay_pin,LOW); //Relay Pin is off

lcd.print(" Electronic "); //First Line of the LCD Prints "Electronic"

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(" Keypad Lock "); //Second Line of the LCD Prints "keypad lock"

Serial.print(" Keypad Lock ");

delay(2000); //LCD Delays for 2 seconds

lcd.clear(); //LCD then Clear

lcd.print("Enter Ur Passkey:"); //LCD Prints "Enter Ur Passkey"

Serial.println("Enter Ur Passkey:");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

for(int j=0;j<4;j++)

35

EEPROM.write(j, j+49);

for(int j=0;j<4;j++)

pass[j]=EEPROM.read(j);

}

void loop()

{

if(digitalRead(Button_pin)==LOW)

{

digitalWrite(Led, HIGH);

digitalWrite(MotorForward,HIGH);

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("BUTTON PRESSED");

delay(2000);

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW);

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW);

delay(2000);

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW);

36

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,HIGH);

delay(2000);

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW);

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW);

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Enter Ur Passkey:");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

}

else

{

int N=analogRead(A0);

float voltage=N*5;

voltage/=1024;

//voltage=voltage*2.8;

if(voltage>=13.5)

{

digitalWrite(Relay_pin,LOW);

37

}

if(voltage<13.5)

{

digitalWrite(Relay_pin,HIGH);

}

digitalWrite(11, HIGH);

customKey = customKeypad.getKey();

if(customKey=='#')

change();

if (customKey)

{

password[i++]=customKey;

//lcd.print(customKey);

lcd.print("*");

Serial.print(customKey);

beep();

}

if(i==4)

{

delay(200);

38

for(int j=0;j<4;j++)

pass[j]=EEPROM.read(j);

if(!(strncmp(password, pass,4)))

{

digitalWrite(Led, HIGH);

digitalWrite(MotorForward,HIGH); //MotorForward Pin is Forward (open)

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW); //MotorBackward Pin is Off

beep();

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Passkey Accepted"); //LCD prints "Passkey accepted"

delay(2000); //then LCD Delays for 2 seconds

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW); //Forward Direction of the Motor is off

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW); //Backward Direction of the Motor is off

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("#.Change Passkey"); //LCD ask you to Press # to Change your Passkey

Serial.println("#.Change Passkey");

delay(2000); //LCD delays for 2 seconds

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW); //MotorForward Pin is Off

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,HIGH); //MotorBackward Pin is Backward (close)

delay(2000); //Microcontroller Delays for 2 seconds

39

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW); //Forward Direction of the Motor is off

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW); //Backward Direction of the Motor is off

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Enter Passkey:");

Serial.println("Enter Passkey:");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

i=0;

digitalWrite(Led, LOW); //LED Pin is Off

}

else //If not the above Loop, Else Loop then,

{

digitalWrite(MotorForward,LOW); //Forward Direction of the Motor is off

digitalWrite(MotorBackward,LOW); //Backward Direction of the Motor is off

digitalWrite(Buzzer, HIGH); //Buzzer Pin will be High

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Access Denied...");

Serial.println("Access Denied..."); //then LCD Prints "Access Denied"

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("#.Change Passkey");

Serial.println("#.Change Passkey"); //LCD Prints "# to Change Ur Passkey"

delay(2000); //Microcontroller Delays for 2 seconds

40

lcd.clear(); //then LCD Clears the Screen

lcd.print("Enter Passkey:"); //LCD Prints "Enter Passkey"

Serial.println("Enter Passkey:");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

i=0;

digitalWrite(Buzzer, LOW); //Buzzer pin is low

}

}

}

}

void change() //Void Loop for Changing Passkey

{

int j=0;

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("UR Current Passk"); //LCD Prints "Enter Ur Current Passkey"

Serial.println("UR Current Passk");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

while(j<4)

{

char key=customKeypad.getKey();

if(key)

41

{

pass1[j++]=key;

lcd.print(key);

Serial.print(key);

beep();

}

key=0;

}

delay(500);

if((strncmp(pass1, pass, 4)))

{

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Wrong Passkey...");

Serial.println("Wrong Passkey..."); //MCU tells you "Wrong Passkey"

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("Better Luck Again"); //MCU ask you to "Try Again Pls"

Serial.println("Better Luck Again");

delay(1000); //MCU delays for 1 second

digitalWrite(Led,LOW);

}

42

else //If not the above loop, then else loop

{

digitalWrite(Led,HIGH);

j=0;

lcd.clear();

lcd.print("Enter New Passk:"); //MCU ask you to Enter New passkey

Serial.println("Enter New Passk:");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

while(j<4)

{

char key=customKeypad.getKey();

if(key)

{

pass[j]=key;

lcd.print(key);

Serial.print(key);

EEPROM.write(j,key);

j++;

beep();

}

}

43

lcd.print(" Done......");

Serial.println(" Done......"); //LCD then Prints Done....

delay(1000); //MCU delays for 1 second

}

lcd.clear(); //LCD clears the Screen

lcd.print("Enter Ur Passk:");

Serial.println("Enter Ur Passk:"); //MCU asks you to Enter ur Passkey

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

customKey=0;

}

void beep() //Void Loop for Buzzer

{

digitalWrite(Buzzer, HIGH); //Buzzer pin is On

delay(20); //Buzzer Pin delays for 20 Micro Milli seconds, then

digitalWrite(Buzzer, LOW); //Buzzer pin is Off

}

44

APPENDIX D: PHOTOS SHOWING THE OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT

45