HACCAX — HPOCTPAHCTBO MEITTLI H PA3RTIELIEHH51

A nmonwa ò' AmeAu il

"KOJIIIeKTI4BI10e npocTpancTno MCIITb1": TaKOH meTacpopofi Bas•aep BC111,51-

M14H onpegenza cynknocTb nacca)Keil H C6III1311J1 HX C 3HMIIHMII cmamH, nano-pamamn H my3enmH,I mecTamH 6ecKonennbix rpé3, B KOTOpbIX 3aMKHyTOC npo-cTpaticTso HanpannneT HOCCTHTCJISI B n3mepenHe Me'ITbI. IlaCCa)K CJIy)KFIT

H3JIKAJIeHlIbIM MCCTOM npory.axn n pOTO3C111114 1ICCTBa )11151 CTOJIWIHbIX meirra-Te.neil H dlaaHépon; nepecexan ero nopor, 01 III oxa3hinakyrcn B IICO6b1KHO-

BCHHO sipicom nerria)Ke 113 mpamopa H CTCKI1a, B CKB0311011 ranepee co cTe-KJIAHH011 KpbllIIeiI , BO3BbILLIaIOLL1CACSI cpegH ropoRcimx (Manna, co-3epnaHmo BHTpHH 14 yBeee.rinTe.nblibIX TeaTpanH3onanHmx 3pefu1g, yeTpan-BaBLUHXen B naccaxce, H nporynnnanch n0 nosune6Homy ma6mp11irry mara3HH4 14 macTepcicHx, rourn CTaHOBSITC51 ogHoBpemenno 3p1rennmll 14 axTepamn 3ano-paxmalouAero npeAcTasnenust. KaK 3T0 1114 napaRoxcammo, HO HmeHno 14 II -

T HmHa H neo6 'L 51 T II 0 CT b Hacca)Ka, 6JIHCTaTCJIbH0F0 mmpoKocma, OT-

o6pa)Karowero B ce6e maxpoxocm nHeumero mHpa, IlaBORFIT nocenrrenen Ha MeTITaTCJIbHbIfi HacTpoil 14 nepeHocHT HX B n3mepenHe rpe3.

Hpoo6pa3om 3T0F0 n3o6peTeIInH POMaIITH3Ma, coeAnnynnuero Kommep-necKylo npn6Lulb C nporynxamu H pannemenHnmH, 6Li11 BOCTOIIHbIti 6a3ap — orpaHnnennoe npocTpaHcmo, 3arpommKgemioe BCCB03M0)K11b1M Tonapom; Ta-KHM )1{C ero n3o6pa>KaloT rpamopm B HJIJIIOCTpHp0BaHlIbIX H3W1H1411X, KaK

nanpilmep "Le voyage en Perse" reorpachoB KocTa H (1)nampena.

3aunlineHnbie CTeKIIHIIHb1M14 cnogamH, nbimoLneHnbie mpamopom H yxpa-mennme n0 CTeIIaM 3epicanamH, naccaNcH coem4HynoT nenine KnapTanbi; 3anH-naembie mem co.allegHLim CBeTOM H ocBeLnaemble neilepom Fa3OBLIMH cpona-pnmn, mnoroxpamo OTpa>KaK)111HMHCSI B cTeKJIHIIHbIX nwrpnnax, 01114 SIBJISHOT

I W. Benjamin, Parigi, capitale del XIX secolo. I "passages" di Parigi, a cura di

Rolf Teidemann, Torino, Einaudi, 1962, p. 531.

268 Anmoitenna a' Amenitsi

apiffento ripinnexaTenbHoe H o6ma~Boe apenunte. MHOTHe COeHHHHJIHCb C

TeaTpaMH; noanuo Benepom TeaTpanbHaa ny6.Tinxa co6npanacb B HHX, KaK 6b1 nepeHoca Bonine6Hyto aTmoccDepy crieterax.nn Ha OTKpbITy10 CHeHy nac-ca*a. ECJ1H B Haqame XIX CTOJICTHH nifrepaTypriblil Ca.TIOH CJ1y)KHJI OCHOBHbIM

mecTom itynurypnoro o6ntemin apxcToxpaninecicoro o6ntecisa, TO nacca*am cy)Kneno 6b1110 CTaTb csoeo6pa3Hbim canoHom na OTKpbITOM Bomyxe, Hpen-na3natienHbtm Ansi 6onee umpoxoil 14 paauonvinuoil ny6rinx14. 2

13nepBble naccaxot HOHBnHIOTCM B Ilapnxze B Komte XVIII BeKa, a umpo-xoe pacnpocTpaueHne nom/gai-m. B nanane XIX BeKa B arioxy PecTaBpaUHH. 0H14 B corieputencme onan(aroT apxviTexTypubie BKyCbI 14 HeOKJIaCCHHeCKVIII

CT11.11b TO1I 3110X14 (TaK, ranepen BI1BbCII 14 Konb6ep, 611113 Ilana Pyannit, 6b1- 1114 H3BeCTHIA CBOHMH nexopauvinmll B nomneticicom CTHJIC) 11 CTaHOBSITCH He- orbemnemoil 'IacTMo pa)tmanbHoro ripeo6pa3<emin BHeumero o6nnica chpan- 1.1y3CKOil CTOJIHIN.

HexoTopme napBnccicle Ily6JIHIHICTbI TOTO Bpemeun oco6eHHo nonnepxn-BalOT xapaxTepnyto 14X OCO6CHHOCTb KaK OTKpb1T0F0 14 onnospememio aaxphi-Toro ripocTpancma, rne mpamopnbie nexopatum, BoccomaBan Ty ROMaIIIHKHO

HHTHMHOCTb, xoTopan TaK onapoBbmaeT 6ymya, coxpaHntar B TO >xe Bpemn neyrbi yn1ltbl, OTKpb1T0f1 AJ151 Bcex. Apyrne aBTOpb1 oTmetiaxrr pOCKOLUb H

6e3oriacHocm riacca)Keil. TaK, B 1828 rony, Ha cipatulltax "Nouveau tableau de Paris", JI.-C.Mepcbe (H313eCTHbgi B pyccxo11 TurrepaTypuoil cpene KaK aBTOp yTorinnecxoro pomaua "2440 ron") ormcbmaeT ripenecTll naccan(eti mit noxy-itaTeneri 1411 14 npocTo JIK)60HbITHbIX nocenneneti:

B 3TOM ropoge pOCK011141 H npawinocTil, ríte 661110 Heripowilio, a 'I'o H onacno, xogrrrb no yntutam, '1'0111161 cimanepon Bb1H)01q1e1161 6b1.11H nanpawisrrbca B Te peitKoeTtibie mecTa, KOTOpble npeitocTaansimi BO3MO*HOCT6 3a,temicaTbcz gonomna y BH'I'pHH marannoa, 6e3 6023H11 nonacT6 B ToriKygicy H1111 CTa'I'b

ymacTunKom Kaicoro-rui6o nponcwecTang. 061 ICHACTC2 He TO116K0 BCé

pacTyntasi nonynzpitocTb Fla.a3 Pyasinz, HO li 11051B11CHHe mno*ecTna HOBbIX nac-ca>Kert. 3

B naccawax paameutanncb pa3JIWITIble marammi MOHHbIX HOBHHOK, KOH-

HHTepCKHC, xacheillin 14 galli-11,1e, 3aJ1b1 Ann suffepaTypHbix BenepoB H Tea-Tpa.T1bHbIX ripencTaBnemA, npyrne yBecenBTenbxbie 3aBenemln. JIBTepaTyp-Han c.naBa nacca>xell ycnnvinacb ente 6onbine, icor» HexoTopme npecninetbie BanaTenbcTBa, xmiroToproBbie ripeRnpa1ri4n, KH14)1(11bIe H rpacpwiecxlle aTe-nbe Hananu nepe6BpaTbot non ceHb HX CTeKJIHHHbIX CBOHOB 14 BbICTaBJIBTb

2 Cp. Anne Martin-Fugier, La Vie élégante ou la formation de tout-Paris. I 815-

l 848, Paris, Fayard, 1990.

3 Cp. J.-C. Delorme-A.-M. Dubois, Passages couverts parisiens, Paris 1996, p. 19.

Fluccux — npoempaumuo Aieumhz u puawieueuuu 269

Tam cuoio npoRylatmo. Tax, s naccaxce Bepo-Roga nnepuble 6bIJI H BbICTa-

BneHLI Ha 0630p ny6simul rpamopm FanapHH H ROMbe; 143)IaTCJILCTBO Hyn3- Ma.naccH, ny6.rmxonanmee Banb3aKa H noTpeamoHa, o6ocHonanocb B nac-ca)Ke He Hp3Hc; Hacca)K Kampa npocnamucH xaK ubicTanoimmil 3a.H TI4110-

rpacpcKoro Hcicyccma H KH14)KHO13 rpacbm(H; B nacca)Ke Ae HaHopama Haxo-TLTIOCL aTenhe 3HaMCHHT01-0 CTepHa, rpantopm KOT0p0F0, Hainman c 1834 roga, HOCTaBJISIJIHCb BO BCC 11130pb1 EBponbl. 4

Hacca)KH CHOCO6CTBOBaJ114 TatoKe ynynatemllo 110BCeRHCBH011 >K1431114

60.11b1110F0 ropoga; HMCHHO B HFIX nnepnbie 110511311JIaCb ra3oua5I 14J1J110MHHa111451;

B pailoHe mexcAy Onepoil 14 ymuteii B14131,CH 6bIJI14 OTKINATIA nepubie ny-6.nircHmie 6aHH. llawcHe Ha 3K3oTHxy napyoKaHe C noonatennemlem noceLgasm Ha 6y.nbnape 1(e3 HTanbell "KlITACKHe 6aHH", nocTpoemme B um:te naroj.

Ha npoTspHeHHH XIX nexa moRa Ha nacca*H pacripocTpanneTcH H Ha ApyrHe ropOma Enponm. Ho cppaHity3cKomy o6pa3gy 3T11 Houbie Toprono-ynece.rmTenbHme HpocTpaHcTna CTpOSITC51 B I1011)10He (Royal Opera Arcade, l 8 6; 'Burlington Arcade, 1818; Lowther Arcade, 1831), I'aM6ypre (S il lem 's Bazar, 1845), Bproccene (Galerie Saint-Hubert, 1847), a nomHee H B MizumHe, MalmecTepe, Bepsnme... 5 HeTep6ypr, "HHocTpaHHan" cTonllua npanocnamo-KpeCTIAMCKOF0 poccHficxoro rocygapcTua, IICMCKTICHHO OCBOHJI napH)Kocoe H3o6peTeHHe H o63ane.ncH CO6CTI3e1IHIAM naCCa)KeM, nocTpoemmim apnrreK-Topom P. A. .)Kensueswiem B 1846-48 roAax Ha ocHomioìi apTepim ropoHa — Hencxom npocnexTe, Totmee, mexcAy HenctcHm (Ha yponne Roma .N 48) H

HTalIb1HCK011 yam.ten, He cnynarmo rpammimmeil CO cpeRoTonHem ropogocoil Hpmapontio-TeaTpambHoll )1(113HH CTOJIH11b1: MapCOBbIM Harlem, JIeTHHm caRom, Ha6epexcibimm Hem.i. 6 "MoHmo emulo cKanTL, — lHHIeT Bynrapkm B CBOHX

BOCHOMIIHaH145IX —TITO TOJIbKO noicpyr 3HmHero gnopna, Ha HeBCKOM npocnex-Te J10 AH1PIKOBa mocTa, H B Anyx M0pCKFIX H Auyx MHIIJIHOHHbIX 6bIIIa EBp0-

ria, Ttanee nonctogy nbirangbmana A31451 11 cTapmmag npeònempoucteau Pycb, CO cnoeio HOJI39114KOCTMO 14 nonynapnapcmom". 7

4 Tam *e, C. 22-23.

5 Cp. K. SchRigel, 1m Raume lesen wir die Zeit, Miinehen-Wien 2003, pp. 128-

136; S. Buck-Morss, The Dialects of Seeing. Walter Benjamin and the Arcade Project,

Cambridge (Ma) 1991; J. E. Geist, Passagen. Ein Bautyp des 19. Jahrhunderts, Miin-

chen 1979.

6 TaKas3 *e CBSI3b nacca*ell rrealpanblitat mnpom ropojta Ha6moRaercH H B na-

pm)Ke. TaK, Ha ocH linouiagb BacmnbH-Onepa, T. e. OCHOBHOM COCpCJAOTO ,IHN H0 ,1140j4.

*H3HH CTOBNIALI, nomeakanHcb MHOF0411CIleHHble Tea'rphi, K KOTOpbIM Hy>KHO jto6aBwrh

H Texrphi, nomeiganumecst nenocpegerBetuio B nacca*ax.

7 Bocnomimaling '13 a)wesl Eynrapima. Cf16. 1846. -l. 1, c. 199.

270 Atimmtenna ò' ~Ami

Ho onHeamno conpemeHHHKa, "rnammi1 chacan Ilacca)Ka pacnanom(eH IIpOTHB FOCTI4HOF0 nHopa, a 11p0T14B0110110>K1IbIPI emy BbIXOBHT Ha BOJIbLLIyI0

14TaJIbSIIICKyK) ynHhJy. 3gaHHe 3T0 11pCTICTaBBACT orpomnyto CKBO3HyK) rane-pelo, CO CTeKJISIIIHA KpbnHeil. Ho 6oKam npoxoga pae110.30)KeHb1 B TpH apyca

mara3HHm H macTepcime; BepXHH1Ì npyc 3aHRT, mipotiem, HCKJIMIVITenbH0

ximpmpamm. KpOMe TOTO, non HaccaAcem, BO BCIO ero 11.11HHy, npoxonHT TyH-

HCI1b C KlIaROBbIMH, a B KOHL)e ero HaX0gHTC51 ROBOnbH0 o6umpnmil TeaTp". 8 B CBOHX "BocnommHaHHzx eTapozzkum" A. (D. KOHH eine nonpo6Hee orni-

chnneT mlyTpeHHyio eTpyierypy Ha.c. can(a, coeTaHnsnoinero npe) meT yAHI3J1C-

HH11 JJJIA npHenxilx npoHHHHHanos:

BHyrpH ero TpH aTa*a: B HII*HeM — mara3mHbi 14 nomeineHmm JInA HC60J1b11114X

BbIC'l'aBOK. Bo BTopom 3Ta*e pa3Hble macTepcKme H 6enoweeilHb1e, K KoTophim [Tomei-imbi CA0Ba HeKpacoBa 143 "Y6oroì H Hapmmoir: "He 0 ,1eHb MHOFO

unirmi Tam, H He B wmTbe 6b1na TM cmna". B Tperbem aTamce nometgaloTcm macTHbie KBapuiphi, xcrimeBa KOTOpb1X BbIBC11141BaFOT FIOR 6J1113KMA CTeKMAHH6111

MOTOMOK K.IleTKI4 C Irrmuamm, neHmem KO'l'OpbIX flOCTOAHHO ornainaercm cny*aw,mil nomemy-'1'O 1110614MbIM MCCTOM riporynKm AMA 914HOB KOHBOA B

MX ›KMBOFILICHbIX BOCTO1HbIX KOC'I'FOMaX.9

Co HpemeHem B HaccaNce 6bum nomemeHm 7 6HnHapnoH, J1Ba TpaKTHpa, KocpetiHn, nmime, my3e11, a B 1862 F., CO CT0p0Hbl VITaI1b51HCKOPI y11 1411bI, OT-

Kpbinacb rocmHilna. 1 " B gypnyio norogy 14 no Henepam Ilacca* expbmaeT KaK panneneHlln, TaK H JIK)60BHble BcTpelm: "nopxaeT B 3TH nacm ero HO

ranepenm H man01311HBbIt1 60>KOK, 06 14.11bH0 pacenenvman BO Hee CTOpOHI,I CBOH genieHme errpenm. Illanoem ero connanH gru' Ilacca)Ka nOBOnbII0 oca-6pe3Hylo penyTanmo, 14 011110 Hpemn MCCTHa54 agMHHHCTpalp151 11bITanaCb 6b1.110

BO3pORHTb B OTHOLLIeHHAX naccaxmoil ny6nvncH cypoHmh pHropH3M. Ho, panymeeTen, 3To 6naroe HatumaHHe 11H K nemy nymomy He npvmeno". 11 no npei_(aHvinm o HeBCKOM npoeneicre, HmeHHo B nomeinemlnx Ha Hepmem npyce flacca)Ka npoHexonHnH ranaHmme CB141laHH51 HenHKocHeTcxxx nam 14 14X IOHbIX

HOICTIOHHHKOB. C Haxonlimneilca Ha HepxHem aTan(e Teppacm neTep6yprome 110BCCb1 MOFJIH mo6oHaTben WelICKOÙ. ny6sucoil. "K Benepy — nHcan Torna "Ilerrep6yprem4i1 JIHCTOK" — TOJIIIa yBCJI4xII4BaeTCSI 3a etici. HIBeIT, MORVICTOK H

8 MMXHeB11 41 Bn. KapTmHbt IlerepOypra // XmBormicHam POCCHA. MOCKBa-C116.

1881. T. 1. g. 2, c. 659.

9 KOHH A. da. FleTep6ypr: BocnommHaHmm cTapo*mna // KOHH A. (1). Bpcnomm-

HaHHA o rmicaTensoc. JleHwirpan 1965, C. 55.

1() CM. ARAFICKPIi1 10. Il. YBecenirrenbHbie 3aBeneHum cuporo IleTep6ypra. 016.

1996, c. 192.

Il MincHeBmm Bn. KapTimbi IleTep6ypra, c. 659.

Tlaccu.»c — npecmpaNcm i0 .4W im hl 271

T. 11., 143 KOTOpb1X 6annua1 num ARTIACTC51 cloma C H3BCCTI1b1MH Hen AMFI, ,L(1151

fiero 011H 0611eKalOTCA 13 Jiyi-nume CI3014 1 I 11p51,111,1 H HenpemeHHo — B annue 30.110TOM 6A1LIJILIKH. K aTomy Hpememi CTCKAIOTCSI B IlaCCA>K H noTHime 6a6onxit". 2

flaccax( Haxogkuicn Ha neHoti, conHetmofi cTopolle Hel3CK0 l'O Hpocnewra, KoTopag ripH Anexcawe I cgenanaci, H3mo6nenmilm mecTom Hporynox 13b1C-

LHCF0 cHeTa: "OT AgmnpanTeúcKoro 6y.ubHapa 110 AIIIPIKOBA mocTa — IIHILICT B

KOHL1C 1830-x rogoB 14. 14. IlyuncapeH — BCA JIeBaM =mem H f1aCTb ripaBoil CTOp011bI HCBCK0F0 ripocneKTa ymnaHm mara3HHamH H011 HHOCTpaHHIAMH BbI-

BecKamH. CKBO3b 3epica.ab1ble CTCK.Tla KAK BicanefigocKone, IICCTpSITCA

6JIoHAb1, geli I 14KI4, aHLTIHACKHe rparnophi, ReTCKVIC IIIIATbR, KOIRPCTLI, c1)paH-1ly3cKHe empi-11)143bl, xpycTasumme HCKyCCTBeHlIbIC 1113eTbl, napipic-c}cHe KyKJIbí, HoggesiLHhie 3y6b1, HapicH, mexamviecime H XIIMHileCKHC 141 1-

CTpyMCHTbl, 14 Esce 3T0 HpegcTaarisieTcm r.r1a3am BALIIHM 13 ripmmexaTe.abHom wiem ocHeigenHoe mynamu comaka, Houblo oc.nernfre.ambim 6.3ecxom ra-

3a; maHHT Hoo6pa>KeHme Baule, o60nb1l aeT nyBcTEsa...". 13 O rnaHnoti apTe-pHH fleTep6ypra, KAK O xamehocxone, B KOTOpOM BepTATCSI 11 oTpa)KaioTcsi pa3Hoo6pa3Hbie o6pa3m ropogcxoil AG431 1H rumeT B 1834 rogy H A. Ba- mygxHil: "3T0 orpommz,11, AC4B011 Kalla1. 110CK011, B KoTopbul BCIAllaHO BCC 41C.30-

13e 4ICCTBO, C CBOCIO ACH3HCIII1010 genTe.ThHOCTHIO, C CBOHMH mogamil, cna6o-CTSIMH, gyHcmamH, 3ambicnamH, rnrimamH, 311AHHAMH, cTpacTsimH, pacqe-TamH, KpacoToio 4 6e306pa3Hem, ymom 14 6e3ymmem..."." C camoro Hosmnemn H flaccaw, c ero aJleraHTHLIMH mara3HHamn 11 TopromAmll HOMell1CHHAM14,

ABASIeTCA KAK KAACIIROCK011 HHTe.nneKTyambHoll H pa3BJICKATCJIbHOPI ><H31114

CTOAH11b1, Hpema3HageHHbni AJ151 60FaTOP1, H3bICK1111H044 Ily6JIHKH 1114KOAACBCKOFI

3110XH: 3T0 6bIJIO mecTo CBeTCKOFO, KOMMCMCCK0F0 H Ky.TH.TypHoro ofiiHeHHH; TAM OpFAHH30131,1BAAHCb FIC TOJILKO CACJIKH, HO H KoHuepTm, BFACTaBKH, JIHTC-

paTypHbie Hetiepa; oco6bie HOMel11CHHA 6bIll H OTI3CACIIbI yerpoilcma KOH-

cPepeimidi H Ae6aToH.

"TomeoseHHoe oTxpLATHe HOBOF0 ToproHoro H panzeKaTembHoro 3a- BegeHrisi COCTOSIII0Cb B 2 Placa HOHOJIMHH COJIHefIHbIM BOCKpeCHbIM Allem 9 MAR

1848 rema. CHagana 6b1n mone6eH c HogocHsrrHem. -IloTom rpally.TH4 AHa opKe- cTpa — cTpylmbgi 14 BoeHHb1Ìi gyxoHoll. Xop MOCKOBCKHX gbiraH I4BaHa Ba-

12 AIISIFICKIA 10. Il. YnecenwrenbHble 3BEIERCH1154 cmporo FIeTep6ypra, c. 192.

13 FlywKapen YI. N. EIHKO.11aBBCKIIÚ fle•rep6ypr. CI16. 2000, c. 566-567. Cp. Ko-

HCW-Ibill A. M. FICBCKNII npocneter 14 nporyiwn 110 nemy B nepBO6 flOBOBIllie XIX neKa

Il Ilpory.rwn no HCBCKOMy npocnewry 13 nepnoil 1-10110131The XIX BeKa. CI16. Fnneppion.

2002, c. 5-19.

14 BawynKnil A. FI. flanopama Califernerep6ypra. CI16. 1834. LI. 3, c. 85-86.

272 Artmonenna (Y Ameni ifl

CHJIbeBa BbI3BaJICSI nem B flacca)Ke 6ecanaTHo, nTo6bi noxon imeTruin B

Honb3y neTeicirx npriloTos". 15 BeennaTHo, Ha HepxHeir ranepee — ralcan ›Kyp-Han "HninocTparurn" — HaxpLinvi B TOT )Ke nem, H o6e? Ansi pa6onHx: xne6, napica lama, 6yThinica nmia, KyCOK mnca 14 orypiim...

He yT(14B14TeJ1bH0, TITO Tarme nepHocTerreHHoe CO6bITHe HHTepexofi °Cime-eTBeHHOH *1431114, KaK OTKpbITHe Hacca)Ka, 6b1JI0 HeMeAJICHHO nepeHeeeHo paeammamir B 11X nacTyuncH. nxe B 1851 rony penponyrcHHH 3T0F0 11J1eHII-

TenbH0F0 ripocTpaHcnia nemoHeTpriposanHer. 6ponsinirmri paeualuxamli H KO-

cmopamwmamx, KoTopme conposo)Knaim CBOH ceaHcm xapaierepHhimm Hane-Hamir:

flogcanykre ama, rocnona!

Hawy Kocmopamy nocmoTpwre, nocne 3a To 6naronapwre.

Bar nepen Bamm cnargibui Ilacca*, B Hero Hnyr Bce, BotinemTe H Mbl TyRa *!

KaKoe BemmonenHoe seme ocBeweHbe!

3epKana no BceM eTeHam, mara3HHin no 6oKam!

fly6mma Tyr rynger, Ha BbirraBneHHme ToBapm wmparr!

Bar mameHbKa Bene. imozx nera H xoger HM Kynwrb enarreg.

Ho ne'i' KoHcher He XOTSIT, a o6a Bmerre KpimaT:

— MaMeHbKa, mameHbKa! HacKymino Ham ryngHbe,

Kynwre nymne BOT 3T11 chpywrm xng Bac.

— npel<pacHbIIi mara3HH, — roBopwr naneHbKe CbIH, —

Kynwre mue, nana, 6yKeT imeroB, mameHbKa 14X TO>Ke moarr.

Hy, BOT Bam H FIacca>K! ROBOTIbH0 B Hem Bbl noryngrm, g nymalo, wro H yrrarnd

IloilnemTe nomofi, Tenepb HasepHo mac wecToi1. 16

HeTopHir 14 ornicaHHe neTep6yprcKoro flaccaxca pacripoeTparaunreb eTa-paHraimir paeruHmoii H 3a Hpenenamii ropona: =lacTyuncri O Ilaceawe pacneria-RHeb Ha MOCKOBCKOfi H HoHroponcKoil sipmapxax.

KynurypHoe 3Hamexlle flaCCa)Ka C13513aHO C Ae1TenbHOCTb10 ero KoHL1epT-

HbIX 14 TeaTpasibHmx 3an 14 C HCHORb30BaHHeM HeKOTOpbIX ero HomeureHHH AMA nirTepaTyprimx ne6aToH, co6paHHil arorHoHepos H Hoxa3a arrparorHoHos. KaK

HHHICT nyTeHonviTenb no HeTep6ypry Toro 'Temerli'', "npoTHH roeTHHoro nHopa KpacHHoe 3naHHe flaccawa e TeaTpom H e 3anamir Ansi BbICTaBOK, rne HmHe yeTparmaroTcH 6anbi 14 KoHirepTm". 17 TaM e 1849 roga Hananueb pery-suipHbie KomrepTrd, 017raHH3oHaHHbre ra3eToil "My3bmarn,Ha1 POCCI454". HO

15 AllZHCK1111 10. 11. YBecenwrenbHme 3aBenemm craporo IleTep6ypra, e. 192.

16 ry6ep ,i, Kapn. Banaryp, HOBble paccKa3b1 Kocmopamuuma: 06 -bgcHeime K

16-1'H KapTHHam, HaXORSILIBAMCSI B KocMopaMe. CI16. 1851, e. 1-2.

17 C.-IleTep6ypr. IlyreBoRwrenb no CT0/114ge. C116. 1903, c. 30.

flaccax — npoempalwmoo AlegMbl u paaoneoeouo 273

BOCII0MHHaHHSIM A. rpena, "B 1840-1850-x ronax B KoHnepTHom 3ane Tbc-caxca HbicTynanH Hb1FaHCKHC xopm". 18 B "CenepHon Thiene" OT 1849 rema HO) po6Ho 01114Cb1BalOTC51 xynbTypnbie meporipHsrma flaCCa)Ka: "B KOHHepTHOM

Sane flacca)Ka Ha3HaneHo My3b1KanbH0e yrpo opxecTpa FyHran. HagaTIO B 2 naca OT 5 Ao 7 nacoH nononynHH — nenne xopa MOCKOBCKHX HbIraH, 3a mon 1 py6nb cepe6poM, Ha xopm 50 xoneeK. B flacca>xe c 7 nacon Henepa my3bixa opxecTpa FeH3eT151 nonepemeHHo C My3bIKOPI KaHaneprapAcxoro non-xa. Elnamme 3a BXOR B 3an 14 Ha xopin, 3a B flacca>K He HTIaTHT". 1 9

13I1pOneM, KaK oTmenaeT E. H. PaCTOpFyeB B "Ilporynxax no HeBCKOMy

npocnerry" 6onburan nacm Hcex HJIaTHbIX 061IkeCTBCHHbIX panneneHml Ile-Tep6ypra napcmosana Ha HeBCKOM npocnexTe H B ero 0KpeCTHOCTSIX:

3ACCb BCC 3HaMCHHTCHILINC BHp'ryo3bl HocxnutatoT AFLTICTaHTOB. 3)IeCb BCC nep-Heilume nentbi n neuntbb npHo6peTwHe cnatty BO BCCti Eepone, Renato'r MCCTb

Fle'rep6ypry ycna*narb ero cnyx. 3ftecb npne3*atoutam no HpemeHam H3 MOCK-

BbI Tpynna nbiraH naeT Belepa, B KOTOpbIX, nepemewnHaz wymHoe BelThe c

JINKHMn nnticxamtt, Ho36y*naeT HocTopr B ntoarrennx "'moro polla yHeceneHmit [....] 3)tecb 6bn3ae1' KyK011bHaSI Komenttz, maptIoHerbi, mexatuttiecxne clmtrypbb RHopambi, nonHopaMbl, reopambi, cpawracmaropt", Kwranclute 'reHH,

HCKyCCTBCHFIble CI>ellepBepKii, BOJIWe6HbIC 6aSICTbb CJIOBOM, BCC, UTO B flapn*e paccesmo B Recwrn pa3Hbix 'l'ea'rpax. Ty'r *e itatoTcsi yHecenbrrenbHble npen-cTaHnetin arteterpHtlecwa, ranbitaHorinacTkm, marHeTH3ma, Ch143HK11. 3IIeCb

>KC, no BpeMeHaM, npockccopm marini H3yMASII-0T CBOHMH choxycamn, mie *oHrnepbi CBOHMH HrpaMH, 3KBH11116pliCTbI cTpaunibtmit repxynecoBbimm nonwtramm, HaKOHCH, awromarbi CBOHMH RetiCTBHAMH H mexaHnimom [...] Fio HpemeHam B 3anbi Ha HeBCKHI1 npocneK'l' ripme3*aer co6paHme *HBblX, HO

FleflORBH>KHbIX cl:ntryp, To CC'I'b npocTo CKa3aTb BOCKOBbIX. Torna, npoxa*HHaticb B o6wmpHbix 3anax, 6e3 nepemoHnil H C CHOKOklbIM nyxom MO>KHO paccma-TpHHaTb HanoneoHa H ero cblHa, Bonbrenbma TenA, MapHto OrtoapT, cl3pHttpHxa Bentworo, BonbTepa H npotittx BC.JIHKHX H penmix oco6, a Taioxe HacnagoTbcst 3peHnem BeHepbl, ;temuti:A C ycamit H 60p011011, Cl>113110HOMHAMH >KWH, pa3- 6a1HVIKOB H MHororo B 'I'aKOM pone 3aHtimaTenbHoro. 211

143 ra3eT TOIi 3110XH MbI y3Haem H 06 OTKpbITHH naHorrrHxyma I4J114 my3en BOCKOBbIX dmryp B CIICHI4anbH0 Ha 3T0 OTBeneHHOM HOMelHeHI4H Ilaccan<a: "B

nepHoil ranepee flaccaAca B 8 mara3HHax c 25 neica6pn (1849 r.) ompinTa BbICTaBKa BOTIbIII0F0 BelICKOPO my3eyma. Conep)KaTenb npocHT noicopHenme rOCHOR HOCeTHTelIeti He noTparHHaTbcn BLICTaBlICHHbIX [BOCKOBbIX1 CPYI-

18 Fpen A. H. Becb fle'rep6ypr B KapMaHe. CI16. 1851, c. 429.

19 "CeHepHati ntiena" 1849, c. 986.

20 Pac'ropryeB E. 14. Flporynxit no HeBCKOMy // Flporynxit no HeBCKOMy tipo-

cnetery B nepHoit nonomme XIX BeKa, c. 169-170.

274 AIIMOIMAJUI ~nero

ryp".21 B nepuonuxe coo6WaeTca Taxx(e o npyrnx arrpammonax flacca)Ka: "HaBepxy pamepnynuch naoopombl. H3 Tynbt HpH6bIJIH... newme Irrunbt! Co-nOBbn, cloopubt, npyrue nem-lande ycna)Knanu cnyx noceTwreneti CBOHM

imem, HOKa He natimianach unan, opxecTposan my3Lwa. A B cneguanmom nomemerum 11p0}KHBank1 gua orpommAx xpoxonnna; B nacht HX xopmneman ciona crexanacb TOJIIIa J11-0601IbITHIAX". 22

npegnarato nirrepnpeTagmo flaccanw xax mupa B mminartope, ropon-CK0r0 mmepoxocma, MeTOHHMHTICCKOil neTann fleTep6ypra, Bocnp0m3Bonstutefi nexoropme xapaxTepuble mepTht ropona: 1. nono6no ToMy, KaK B ocuenten-HbIX 3epKanax flacca*a oTpa*aeTcst o6mawmuoe TeneHHe >KH3HH, apxuTex-Typnwil cnenaputi CTOJIHI1b1 nortropneTcH B 3epxanbitom oTpaweinm HeBbI;

2. neonnoponnbdi xapaterep apxtrrexTypht IleTep6ypra, no 3amenaHmo mito-nix nucaTenefi H ny6nInt4cTou JIHILICHH011 egunoo6pa3un, 3XOM oTnaeTcn B ap-xtrrexTypnom emettermi,' Ilaccan(a, CnHHIHHH pa3tIbIX cmner,i; 3. oco6oe H3MC-

penne He143BeCTHOCTH, nopo)xnemoe B IICTCp6ypre 6e3pa3nwmem ropona MI1-

HHeTepers H non)KnocTeil, KaK HaHOMHHalOT MHOPFIC paccxama XIX BeKa, npo-cannuaeTcH H itepe3 cTetim flaccawa, HMCHHO n3-3a ero rn6pngnoro xapax-Tepa, cmetnemln BCJIHKOJICIII454 "h6tel particulier" H XaOTHIIHOCTH ynputht, OT-

KpbITOil rtcex. Ilacca5K — 11130CTpaHCTBO, xone6mouteecn menu yloTom nomaumero uffrepbepa u roponcxori 6e3rpanvtintocTmo, csoero pop "maison à l'envers" — KaK 3amenaeT Pena. 23

B 3epxane flaccax(a fleTep6ypr npencTaeT nepen namn xax onun 143 TCX

TeKCTOB-3 HgliKnone RH H nattana XIX nexa, npennaratoumx tIHTBTenHIM

yxa3aTenb nocTonpumeitaTenbuocTeil ropona, onucanue pa3JIWIHbIX COIHIanb-

HbIX cnoes, nepettem, palTIWIHIAX npenmeTou, cnpasonlmx it T. R. KaK B onep-xe H. CTpaxosa "Hescxan ynnta" (1810), rne roponcxan apTepnit npencTa-B.TIella KaK CHIITe3 1103HaHHA: "C onnoro xonita )to npyroro ona 3ax.rnonaeT B

e6e anowc✓ioneòuto e iuu o detknietiti". 24 Enaronapn panepnyTum ormca-•Tenbribim crincxam, TeleCTIA-31IIIHKII0HCAHH OXBaTIABaIOT pa3nble 06J1aCTH ;ffia-, HHA, xnaccndulltnpytoT, xapaterepunior mecTa H HX WITCJICH. 3T0 TCKCTbI-

nporynKil, TeKCTbl-HyTCBOAHTeJIH, HpH rITe111411 KOTOpbIX 11CpCJI tmTaTenem npoxonnT pa3m=ae npocTpancTua, KapTHHbI 6b1Ta, 1101111THIIeCKHC CO6bITH51,

cnenbt noucennemocTn, OTPOJIOCKYI )K1431114. 3TO TexcTm-n a nopa ma , tute CIO)KeTbI CBH3alibI HHTbIO connanbnoro pa3BHTHSI repos', nonTuemnatoutne

21 ANAFICKNN 10. 11. YBCCCNNTCJ1bHbIC 3aBC)keFINSI c.raporo lle'rep6ypra, C. 114; mi-

'l'a'l'a 113 nenanannoil ra3erbi, neponmo, N3 "CeBepHoI FINCRE.1".

22 Tam xce, C. 192.

23 J. Réda, Chateaux de courants d'air, Paris, Gallimard, 1986, p. 93.

24 Orpaxou H. Mon ne'rep6yprcKne cymepKtt. C116. 1810. LI. 1, c. 26.

/lacca.» — npocmpanctrwo u paaenewriuR 275

cxa3aHnoe Eonnepom B "CanoHe" 1859 roga: "Tout I'univers visible n'est qu'un magasin d'images et de signes", ormcbmatontee Tal" o6pa3oM KaK menTaTe-ng-pomaHTma, TaK H roponcKoro chnattépa, mo6HTenst cospememibtx "anne-ropnr, a TaK>Ke pomannura-airrpononora 14 HaTypanncTa. 25

Foronb 14 TexcT-Hanopama

nwram MHKpOKOCM Ilaccamca KaK TCKCT-HyTCBORI4Tellb, ft Hpono)Ky napasinenb menu ycTpannanntencst B ero cTeHax ReSITellbHOCTIA0 14 Haponnbimn Tea-TpanbHbIMH 11peACTaBlIeHHAMH, T. e. TCM morynnm 110TOKOM FOpORCKOPI zpma-ponnoil KynbTypbt Toro npemenn, 6ygb TO nortynApHbie B XIX BeKe naHopamm 14 nnopambb 11pCIABOCXHTHBIIIHC KnHemaTorpachnnecxoe HCKyCCTBO, BOJIHIC6Hble

KapTHHbl 14 Hpncxamit paetunmcon, HpencTannetang 6anaraimbix TeaTpon HJIH

Haponubtx rynsumil, xoTopme nnponem nocentanucb He TOJIbKO xpecTbsmamn H

peMCCJICHHHKaMH, HO H 11pCACTaBHTCJIHMH 60.We BbICOKHX cTynenen poccvni-cxoro Ta6ensi o paHrax: "He TOJILKO Haporniag m,e/ca cTpemunacb B 6anaramm, — BCHOMHHaCT A. A. Ilneuteen — HO 14 CTOI1 14 1-IHaSI 6ymya3rm cnnTana CBOHM

1.10.11FOM 1106p0)1114Tb CpC11114 6anaranort, 3arn1nlyTb B HHX H nocTopranacb TeM

HpHMHTHBHbIM, ny6onm.dm tomopom, KOTOpblil Top)KecTnonan 3necb". 26

B Tpannnnsix 11pHMHTFIBIIMX 6bITOBbIX KapTHHox pagKOB )KH3Hb TICTe--

6ypra H ero F.TIaBHOti ynnitbi omicana B MHOP0,1HCIICHHbIX paccxamx H onepxax Hanana XIX nexa: "C-IleTep6ypr B l'amane XIX nexa" F. T. Cenepnena, "nyBCTBHTelIbH0C nyTeutecTnne HO HCBCKOMy npocnexTy" H. 51xonnena, "91(143Hb nenortexa, HJIH flporynxa no HeBCKOMy HpocitexTy" B. 14. "Hporynxit no Hencicomy npocnexTy" E. 14. PacTopryena, "Flporynxa 110

TpoTyapy Hencxoro npocneKTa" (1. B. Eynraptma, "Ilattopama CatixTrie1'ep-6ypra" • A. II. Bantyttxoro, "Hencxast ymina" H. CTpaxona, 14 oco6eHHo 311aMCIIHTbIl3 "HencxHil npocneKT" FOFOII KaK B nnopamax n xoemopamax, 3TH nanopam bI l'OpORCK0f1 )KH3HH CTpCMHTC.T1 1,110 pa3BepTblBa1OTC51 nepen rna3amn 11 11TaTCJISI H CO3,11aIOT TOT 3M011140HalIbH0-3pHTelIbHblI1 psin, KOTOpb1II

13110XHOBJ1 5111 H MII0r0IIIICIIeHHbIC npoH3nenel1H1t rpatmut TOII 3110X11 (H. (I). Anchepos, B. EapT, T. A. Bac:H:men, K. BOJIbt, A. E. MapTbmon, B. Fla-Tepcen 14 npyrne). B HexoTopmx TeKCTIIX nanopama cocpenontmanacb TOJILKO

Ha onncaHrnax HcTopnnecntx mecT H TCHHCTIAX roponcxnx nen3a>Ken, Ha cuci-xax 143 HaponHoil >K1431m, Ha crmcicax pemecen. IICIICTB14TCJIMIOCTb OHHCbI-

BaeTca nnymeptioil, 6e3 rny6mmt, 6e3 nepcneKTnBbl; nonecTnonaTenbinA

25 CM. Ph. Hamon, Expositions. Littérature et architecture au XIX' siècle, Paris,

José Corti, 1989, pp. 95-122. 26 11.nemeen A. A. "lloa Ce1-11110 ". flapro* 1936, c. 135-136.

276

Anmottenna ò' AmeAuft

pHTM 3aRaeTcH HellpeCTaHHIAM nepegoBannem o6pa3og, o6MaHtIHBbIM pann- THeM CO6bITHII, HJIJIK)314eil Temimi )KH3HH. B gpyrnx — nanpnmep B "Hescicom npocnexTe" foronsi — Ha (pone (PanTacmaropnnecKoro, icax B gnopame, ro-pogcKoro neti3a)Ka paungaeTcx, 6onee 11.1H4 menee nogp06n0 H nnacTnnecim, nornrrenbnbiti 31VI3OR 143 3CH3H11 repos! — "mopanmumn )1mopamame MO>KHO

HX Ha3BaTb, H0JIb3y1Cb fsipa)Kennem B. Benbsimpina. 27 Hanano paccxa3a "HeBCKHil HpOCIICKT" Foronm nocTpoeno KaK "HORBIDK-

Haz icocmopama", B xoTopoti panepTbnialoTcsi sighi rnagnofi apTepnvi ropoga B pa3Hbie nubi TpygoBoil HeBCKHIÌ , "HaXHyLIIHil ropsiimmn xne6amn", HeBCKHPI 3acriamm1x cny)Kainnx H HpOCTOJII0gHHOB, cneinaninx na pa6oTy "B

canorax, ncnanxamibix H3BeCTI.10", cmensieTcH negarormnecimm HeBCKHM, KH-

IIIaII(HM TIOMaLLIHHMH peneTliTopamn H rinTenbtinnamn pa3HbIX nagnonanb-nocTeil, C HX socnirrammxamn. 3aTeM 13 12 nacos nannnaeTcg nopxanne 6e3- 3a6OTHOil TOJIHbI "HCHOJIHeHHOfi ripnnwinst": mymembi B glIFIHHIAX cropTyxax, monogbie gambi B pegiuoTax, 6axen6apgb1, ycbl, co6osIH, HO)KKH... Hp06nno 3 naca, H nepeg rna3amn npeguraeT nogan KapTnna: oc1n4n1anuiblik TOJIHa cny)Kalnnx, nyTh JIH He meni:A Focygapcuseinmiti Apxvir3 c TilTyngp-HbIMI4 COBeTHHKaMH, KOJI.Tle)KCKHMH perncTpaTopamn H nagsoplibimn COBeT-

HHKaMH. KOP):Ia 3a*nraioTcg liponapn, npocneKT nycTeeT H "nacTaeT TO TaHH-

cnteHHoe gpemn, 'conia namnbi gaioT scemy KaK0A-TO 3amannium11, nygecim111 cseT" (III, 15). 28 BpeMH OT spemem/ nogecTsosaime npephmaeTcH ronocom KaK 6bI BOCT0p)KeHHOPO pacati-nuca, Bb1KpHKHBa1011Ief0 CBOH peHJIHKH: 29

13CeM0Fy111,Hii HeBCKIÚ1 npocneKT! ERNHCTBeHHOe panne-lei-me 6enHoro Ha ry-

nAlibe fIeTep6ypra! KaK 9Hero noRmeTeHbi ero Tpuryapb1 H, 6o>Ke, CK0AbK0

HOF ocTaBHJlo Ha Hem cne)(bi CBOH! [...] KaKa8 6btc'rpaH conepumeTcsi Ha Hem

chawracmaropmi B Teuemie ORHOF0 TOJIbK0 RHA! [...] Bo>Ke, KaKHe eC'l'b npe-

KpacHbie ROSDKHOCTH H CJ1y)K6b1! KaK OHN BO3BballaFOT H ycJia*RaiDT gyiny! [...]

A KaKite BcTperwre BbI gammle pyicaBa Ha HeBCKOM npocneK're! Ax, KaKasi

ripenecTb! OHM HeCK0abK0 noxo*H Ha RHa BO3ptyX0FIllaBaTeJlbHble wapa [...]

ComaTenb! KaKne erpaimble xapaicrepbinerpciaxyrcm Ha HancKom npocneicre!

(III, 10-13).

27 W. Benjamin, Parigi, capitale del XIX secolo, p. 684.

28 CCbIJIKI4 Ha ripommieReHmi H. B. Foransi nalurcz B TeKere no aKagemkmecKomy

"flonHomy co6paHmo comnHeimii" B 14-TH ToMax, MocKBa 1937-1952.

29 0 pacnpoc'rpaHeHHH pariKa H npiicKa3Kax paellIHHKOB B pycciwil Kynurype CM.

cpe;(14 gpyrnx: KOHC1HbIti A. M. PaeK B cHrreme Hapomoil nerep6yprcKoil KysibTypbi //

FIcrep6yprcKid paeK. C116. fHnepHoH. 2003, c. 5-21; C. Kelly, Territories of the Eye:

The Russian Peep Show (Raek) and Pre-Revolutionary Visual Culture, "Journal of Po-

pular Culture" (USA) 1998, N. 4, pp. 49-74.

Haccam — npocmpallemso MegMhl u paamereeruta 277

Ha clone 3TOi "naHopambi" BOF0J1b onncbmaeT 11pHKJI10=ICHH511Incicapena

H lInporona C TeM 6bICTpbIM ABH)KeHHeM cnen, CTOJIb xapaKTepHium Ansi Kap-T1111 6bITa L'OpOACKHX nanopam: Ha nepsom rimane BbICTyILaeT aHeKnoTnnecKnil CIO)KeT, a 011HCaTelIbH0-14HCPOpMaTHBH0e conemKanne CTaHOBIITCSI KaK 6bI na- pneonaHHon neKopannefi. ReneTnne nepemewaeTesi c nneumero nnana HeB-CKOI'O npoeneKTa na nifrepbep, KOTOpbIà ORHaK0 oKa3bmaeTem TaKHM }Ke

npo6nb1m H MeJ1aHX0JIWIHb1M, KaK H BHeUIHMM cl)awracmaropHn. Ilpennapnz npenmeTHoe pacnnenenne Ky6HCTOB H nviamn3m (1) yrypncTon, B3Op 1114CaTel1

npo6eraeT HO mnainllmesi onepTaHnsim CTOJI1414bI, BbipnconaHHhim KaK 6b1 143

KapeTbi, C KpbILLIH omm46yca HJIH C TOIIKH 3pennsi nenonexa, mnainerocsa na CaHKaX C J1e)441HbIX rop. 3( ' BbICTpbIe nepenEd roponcxxx BI4140B onpegennioT H Temn 110BeCTBOBaHVISI, HJIIIK)30pHOe TeileHHe 3KH3HH, MHHMOe pannTne cio)Ke-Ta; CO6bIT1151 pa3nopat1maioTen e napyro1Jn4m OTCyTCTBHeM nepeneicTnnbi, me-nTa lincKapena o KpacoTe pa36nnaeTcsi 06 CTeHbl oTspaTnTenbHoro npknoTa, a nerKommeneinme npnxinonenne lInporona CBOAHTCH Ha HeT B macTepcKon pemecnemma C BbicoKonapHoil cpaminineti 1.11nnnep.

TnopnecKoe nacnenne Foronn oTmeneHo ero oco6eHHoil HpH13513aHHOCTb10

K 3pennunion KynbType, K CPOpMaM Hap0)11101.0 TeaTpa, K Ilpa3411114tIHOPI H Hp-maponnoil aTmoccPepe 6anaFaHOB, K ilaCTyLLIKaM 3a3bIBaJI 14 paellIHHKOB, K

pa3HOO6pa3HbIM HpHeMaM 14 41peBpalgeHI4SIM 6anaraHHbIX 3pel1H111. 3ileMeHT1.1

HapOTAHOPI CMeX0B011 KylIbTypb1 14 11/10110)1HOF0 HCKyCCTBa — HaCTaHaeT BaXTHH

— IIpOSIBJIHIOTCH KaK B cpa6yne ero I1p0H3Be41e1114à, TaK 14 B CTHJle, B rnnep6o-nax, B all0F143MaX, B HeT0IIHOCTSIX 513bIKa, B KOMH'ICCKOM 513b1Ke: "B 6aJIaraHe

OH HaX0)414J1 14 CTI4J1b BMeLLIHBa10111e13c54 B XOL1e JleACTBHS1 peitt 6aRaFaHHOF0

3a3bIBaJlbI, C Ce TOHaMI4 HpOHH'ICCKOI'O peKlIaMHp0BaH14S1 14 LIOXBa.TI, c ee aJI0E-

H3MaM14 14 Hap0 1111TbIMH HelIeHHI4aMH".3 1

B "HeBCKOM 11pOCIleKTe" FOF0J1eBCK0e 01111CaHHe CeBepHOH› CTOJI1414bI B BH-

)11e ABFOKylI4eÚCSI (PaHTaCMarOpHH Bb13b1BaeT B HaMSITH KOCM0paMy xygomennca Jlexem non na3nannem "OnTHnecícoe nyTeinecTnne". Ha Ilacxy 1834 rona Rocca BbICTaB14,11 14 "KOCM0paM14 11eCKHX" 1341g0B, rne, napslny c nanopamamn 3K3OTIFIeCKHX HHOCTpaHHbIX F0p0L10B, B1lepBble 6bIJIH 110Ka3aHb1 JIHT0FpaLP14-

3() Cp. ~peti Beata. Macrrepcmo Foronm. MocKaa 1934, c. 309: "Foromo CBOti-

CTBCHHO B11)keTh arparou.kell «mormy emen», KaK Mbl ee aunnm 113 Tparvisasi, c npm*Kamn

jkomon, oTKpmaalow,ax H aaKpbmai-ow,nx nepcneKTney...". A 113 pe*mccepcmix HOMCT

3113effillTellHa M61 anaem, Tro 'mem moErra)Ka arrpaukmoaon BO3H111(11a y nero HOR B03-

ReticTutem 3pHTellbHbIX BIlegaTACHI1g, nonymaembix, KorRa OH CKaTIABanCH C .11eRAHOrl

ropm. CM. WK.TIOBCKHfi B. KHHra npo 3rt3enurretina. "licKycc'rno KHHO" 1971. N2 12.

31 Cp. BaXTHH M. Pa6ne H Foronb // BaXTHH M. Bonpocbi nwrepaTypb1 H acre-

MocKaa. Xyno)KecTnennas1 nwreparrypa. 1975, c. 484-485,488.

278

Arimonerma ()' Astemia

p0BallabIe 1314AbI FleTep6ypra c aepumHbi AnexcaHnpoacKon K01101 11e3a-

Aonro no TOPO BO3BeReHH011 Ha nnomanu nepen 3HMHHM Asop11om,32 O 11eM 1114-

can Forarli, maTepH 1 smaapa 1830 rema: "Ha Raopnosoil nnotnajAH B03)11B14-

raeTca Be.TIFIKOHCIIHbIR HaMSITHIIK AnexcaHapy, COCTOSILLIIIII 143 KOHOCCa.11b11011

KOJ1014111A, BbICelICHH014 143 °moro KycKa nenbHoro rpaHwra" (X, 163).

B Hanane XIX aexa HaHOpaMbI 14 Kocmopambi HBJISITIVICb ()nem, pacHpo-CTpaHeHHOPI cDopmoil 3penHwHoro pannegeHHH: cima B Kpyrnom 3aIIC, 3pH-Tenh O6o3peBaTb panepTbmaHHe AIIVIHHhIX 110AMOCTKOB C H3ymHTenb-Hb1MH HHOCTpaHHb1M14 BI4RaM14 H 3K3OTIIIIeCKHMH mecTamll: "Ha HeBCKOM 110CTO-

AHHO 6bmaIDT pambie naHopambi, Kocmopambi n JE(HopamH, B KOTOpbIX, He cxo-na C mecTa, MO)KHO o603peaaTb pa3HbIe CTOJIHHIA EBp0I1b1 H pambie ropona H

cTpaHbi nomi,' acero caeTa". 33 FlaHopama "A1314>KylLIefiCH CT011 1411b1", onHcalmaz Foronem, coennHaeT B

ce6e 14 3(PCPCKT nerxoro noneTa, H onHcalme cI1eH c pa3JIntIHbIX paKypcoB, H nepegaeT TaKHM 06pa3om Hecpaamimoe CHIIKpeTWIHOO anetiaTneHHe TOTanb-

H0F0 BOCI1p1451THS4 gekTBHTCJIbHOCT11, KaK 6b1 csimesammee B Hepa3pblanoe ne-noe 11pOCTpalICTBCHHO-BpeMCHIlble KoopmmaTbi: CCI1H B nporynxe IICIIIKOM

ocylnecTanneTca HepenoaaHHe 3pHTelIbHbIX 06pa3os 14 KapTHHbl ropona BOC-

11p14HHMa1OTCH HC3aBHCHMO )1pyr OT npyra, TO B naHopame naHwymeilca CTO-

J1HI1bI KO acemy 3TOMy no6aanaeTca HeKHù 01MM-151101~ THII aocnpHaTHH, B

KoTopom Tonorpachlia FleTep6ypra H HenpepmaHoe TWICIIHC apemeHH BaK)TCH Boeamm, a HaMHTb 11pHX0,1:114T Ha 110M01111, t1yBCTBaM, irro6b1 Tonnee BOCCO3I1aTh HpH3paImm13 06nme CTOR 1411bI, COCTaBHble nacTH KOTOpOti onHo-apemeHHo H peanbHo CTOHT nepen rna3amm, 11 paCH.T1bIBaK)TCH BO ace06mm-nioinem npocTpancTae. 3TO 061,51CHS1eT CJIOACHyK), nuaneiminecKylo npnpony BCHKOPO nanopamHoro BHIWIIHA. C ORHOIA cTopoHbi, 3T0 BHAOHHC — 3fttOpHIIHO

B cHny TO`H III1aBHOCTH, C Kompoil 06pa3bi ropona CMOHRIOT npyr-npyra B He-npepbmaemom npoTa>KeHHH 3pHTelIbHbIX rulailoa. C npyron cTopoHbi, CKBO3b

3Ty HeripepbmocTb HpocTynaeT Hrpaiolgaz Ha nyacTae y3HaaaHHH 3HaKOBIISI

cHcTema, KoTopaa Tpe6yeT caoell neunIchpoaKH. FlaHopamHoe s'incute He0T-TICJIHMO OT cloweTa: Boo6pa7KeHHe LIHTaTeJIH nornaigeHo nepeRylonwmHcsi nepen ero B30p0M KapTHHamm, npoHH3b1meT umponaniulle npocTpaHcTaa, HO-

rpy>KaeTcH B TaHHCTBO BpeMCHH, npenaerrca HeoAcHnaHHoil H 11pOROJDK14TeJ1b -

HOA aHamHe3e. 34

32 KOHeriFibili A. M. Flerep6yprcKkie HapoRimie rysisumsi Ha macnemmHoii H na-CXaM,HOrl HeRenzx // fle'rep6ypr H ry6epHnz. Remimpait. HayKa. 1989, c. 31-32.

33 PaCTOpryeB E. 14. Flpory.nKH no HeucKomy, c. 170.

34 Cp. R. Dubbini, Geografia dello sguardo. Visione e paesaggio in età moderna, Torino, Einaudi, 1994, pp. 57-65.

17uccume — npoempaucmuo .41eqffibl u paaaneueruoi 279

ROCTOeBCKHLÌ 14 3aMaIIIIHBOCTI. aTTpaKnnortob

KaK H3BeCTHO 143 MHOTOIIHCJICHHbIX CBMIeTeJ1bCTB COBpeMeHHHKOB, 'go'60-x rogon XIX BeKa 6bIJI O 3anpemexo "nrpam 11beCb1 143 pyCCK011 *H3HH", H Ha-pognme TeaTpanbnbie npegeTanneffinT 6b1J1H BbIHy>KTIeHbI npn6eraTb K gpyrnm 3pennuRnam (popmam, TaKHM KaK *HBble KapTnnbi, IlaHTOMI4MbI 11 apneKvma-gbb yTIHBHTeJIbHbIe nyTetneenm, CHeKTaKJIH C co6axamn H o6e3bsinamm. B coxpatunnueficsi nporpamme 6anarana 41)enaponn OHHCbIBaeTC5I llpeAcTame-

M4e, B KOTOpOM 06e3b5Mb1 14 co6axn xapnxaTypno n3o6paxcaloT MHp 11 IOILeit

0H11 (menai-cm% B nenonenecKylo oge)Kgy, IllyT5IT, TaHLIyK)T, na >KimmaioT, CTpe.T1 51 LOT 143 IIHCTOJICTOB, ymnpaloT 14 BOCKpeCaIOT35 (HeBOJIbH0 Bcnomn-naeTcn nepenncKa gbyx rpamoTnbix co6a'JeK B "3annexax cymacine)Imero"). PacTopryen BCHOMHHaeT O TOM, KaK "B He60.11b1110M 6a11aFaHe, 611 143 HeBCKOTO

npocnexTa, gonroe npemn 6m.go MO3K110 B1411eTb orpomnoro KHTa, paymeeTem, He )101BOTO, gnmioro nemipnagnaTb ca)KeH, Bbllniniolo neTbipe Ca)KeHH. BHyTpeHHOCTb KHTa Be1114KOJIMIHO 6bIJIa oeneigena, H B npn rpomxon My-3bIKC HOCeTHTeJIH MOTIIH nporynnbaTbcsir 36

KpoMe Toro Uni« B moge H npegcTannennz C npnmenennem ypogon H LIII-

KOBHHHbIX cymecis. Ha achnme TOTO npemenn MbI o6napyx<nbacm: anb6nnoca B 011e)KLIe RFIKap51, xoTopb111 pa3ronapnbaeT CO 3p14Te1151MH Ha anumilcxom, ne-menxom, cppanny3cKom H 14TaJIMIHCKOM 543b1KaX; 11115ICKH a6opnrenon AncTpa-nnn, ACPpHKH H AMeplIKH; CPHHCKOTO nennxana pOCTOM B Tpn apunina (TO

eCTb, 6011ee 2-X meTpon); 6e3pyKoro 11e110BeKa, Ko'rophII nnineT, ngenaeT HHTKy B 14TOJIKy, MbeT, FOTOBHT, 3apz>KaeT IIHCTOlIeT H cnenzeT OFIITMH noramm; nanonTmcym C BOCKOBLIMH cpnrypamll, MJ HCTOpH-

necm4x nepeonaxcefi. 37 JIeilcDepT 13 CBOHX memyapax BCHOMHHaeT TeneHKa o HHTH norax, amepnxancxylo bennicamny-orneenKy, )Keny H my)Ka — BeJ1HKaH-

my H Kapnnxa, camyio ToncTyio mem)/ B POCCHH; CPeHomexa, rnoTalowero He

o6)Knrancb ropsunyio namno, chaKnpa, 6e36one3HeHHo npurbncaloinero ce6H menami"; OH onlicbmaer H negoymenne nocemTenen, Kerropble, npn Bmxoge H3

6anarana, HatIHHaJIH comnenamem, Bnpangy 11 14 OH14 BI4ReJIH Bee Te LIHKOBHHbI,

o KoTophix rnaenna acPnina. 38 3Ta THra napoga Ko ncemy neo6bwnonennomy H eTpannomy nogmegena H I'oroneM 13 "HeTep6yprcKnx 3annexax 1836 Foga",

35 CM. KOWII-11,111 A. M. Ilerep6yprcKHe HapoRnble rynsumm Ha macneHnquoll 14

nacxanbHofi HeRenHx, c. 30, 31.

36 E. 14. PacToprycH, FlporynKH no HCBCKOMy, c. 170.

37 CM. KOHer1H6111 A. M. fle'rep6yprcKHe Hapowibie ry.rumbx Ha mac.nemigHoil

nacxanbHog Hemensix, c. 31.

38 Iletichein A. BanaraHbi // 1lerep6yprcKHe 6a.naraHbi. cn6. FHnepnou. 2000, c. 58.

280 AHMOHenna AMeJillfl

PTIe OH paccy>KgaeT o J1101ICKOM CTpeMJ1e111111 K gcemy cTpaHHomy 11J1H nygec- Homy, O 11X B0311dICTB1411 Ha goo6pa3wmw ny6nmel He TOJIbKO B Hapognmx 6a- naraHax, HO 11 B 04/111111B.AbHbIX TeaTpax: "Ba geno 13 TOM, trro6m paCCKa3aTb Kaxoe-HH6ygb npollculecTime, Henpememlo HoBoe, HenpemenHo cTpaHnoe, go-TOne Hecnmxannoe H HegHgaHHoe" (VIII, 182). Hecmong Ha xpwrHxy meinaH-cima, KoTopomy Hpamrrca gcsmecxasi "ypognymocm." H "OLLIH6KH npHpogm", caM Foronb macTepcxx B121 IIHCbIBBeT B CBOHX npox3gegemigx nenme CHHCKH

ypORIMBbIX CyLINCTB, ranepell rpoTecimmx nopTpeTog, "Krili" upegmeTos — Heo6bmaPmble HaTiopmopim à la russe.

CpegH Kypbe3oH Ilaccama, gaH6onee Tecno cHsnanHbtx c 6anarammmx arrpammoHamH, KoTopme pacnonaranHcb na 6n143ne)Kaigem MapcoaoM none, B. 11(anmaToH gcnommaeT my3eA Facnepa, B KOTOpOM, B 70-x rogax, MO)KHO

6bino o6o3peBaTb "cmepTenbno paHeHoro TypemoDro congaTa", "xpacagany-TaHnogumny", "HmnepaTopa HanoneoHa", "y6Hby npe3HgenTa Fapqmnbga 14

camoro Fapclmnbga, Jhogomua XVI n ero nanatwil". 39 KpoMe 3THX HcTopm-necm4x nepcoHaAwil, Boo6paxceHHe RanmaTosa 6mno oco6emio nopaxwHo 6opogaToll weHumHoil no HmeHH 10111111 llacTpaHa, ncHxonorwiecxxi1 nopTpeT KOTOpOh OH Ha6pacmgaeT B CB01111 TeaTpanbHmx BOCHOMHHAHHAX:

BOT FIOJk 60J1bWHM CTeKJIAHHbIM KonnaKom mytieno 3HameHwroil 10111111 fla-cTpaHbi, *efILIAHHbl C 60p0J1O17. SI nomwo ee *HBro CMyTHO, A Men ee eake B

geTcTee, B nmpKe, rge OHa 110ABAA.11aCb B KatiecTHe nenHnbl H TaHnoBw,Hgbi B

KOpO'I'KOM nnaTbe-geKonbTe, B HBeTaX lOnin IlacTpaHa 6bIna nprmnioti nogemy A oco6eHno cTpervinncg B my3efi racHepa, KOTOpblà nomeigancig neT Recsrrb Tomy Ha3aR B flacca*e, CO CT0p0Hbl BOJIbWal 14Ta.abAHCK0ì1

Y Hor ee, 3a cTeKnom, HbicTaHneHa ocimmanbHo 3acumeTenbcTnonarmaz 6yMa-ra 3a nonnucble KaKHX-TO npocheccopoH H ammHHHcTpannù C npHno*eHHem ne-gaTH, yRocToHepsnou.keil FIO) AHHHOCTb lytiena HacTozweii 105mH FlacTpaHbi."

BopoAaTam apnicTxa 10111111 HacTpaHa, npH6bIBmaM 113 AMepHKH, 11011b-

3oBa11ach orpommdm ycnexom B cepegHHe XIX Hexa cpegH pyccxof1 nnammieti py6nb "3a nornmr: oHa TaHgeBana aHrnHilcm4e, HcnaHome H pyc- clule Tamm, IICHOJIHAJIB necHH Ha pa3Hmx 513b1KBX 11 HO OK0111IBH14H CIIeKTBKJIA,

"ARSI gOCTallneHHS1 110J1H0r0 yA0BOJICTB11M Hcem noceTHTensim", xogHna no 1wp- m:dm pggam 11 6ecegoBana e ny6n11woll. Jlio6onbrreTHylomme 3pwrena IleTep- 6ypra mornH BMeCTe C 614JICTOM npuo6pecTH KH14)1(Ky O ee *143HI4 H nppix.mo-

BanmaToH B. Flo Ty cTopoHy Kynuc: TearrpanbHble ~NH. cm. 1908. T. 1, c. 22-23.

" Tam *e, c. 23-24. Cp. Banmarroe B. 10nHA FlacTpaHa: FIcHxonorpmecianl ogepic // TaM *e, c. 22-64.

'beccar — npocmpauemeo Alea [hl u paaunegenua 281

— "OnllcaHlle ripoxcxo)KgeHBR 10nim IlacTpaHLI". 41 Remlga IOnxa IlacTpaHa 6mna ogHBm 113 OCHOBHbIX arrpaKHBoHoB macneHmimoro 6anaraHa Ha Mapcosom none B 1876-m rogy. B nepHogince Tex coo6igaeltn, LITO

"Ha macneHoii Hegene B 6anaraHax 6ygyT KpacoBaThcz cnegyionpie qygeca Hpllpogbi: geBnHa AHTyaHeTa, 20 neT, B ca)KeHb pocTom; HpHHH Bonra, Kap-

.IIHK, 29 nel', 27 gloilmos pocTom H 19 cpyHTOB Becom; xcemwma-repKynec, ge-Bmga Manumga, 17 neT, 254 c!)yHTa Becy; Amiga Amanin, ogHa H3 Benwiag-11114X BeJIHKaHLLI, 18 neT OT pogy, 217 caHTBmeTpoB pOCTy, 276 IIIIyHTOB Becy; cvmhopa 3eHoHa ilacTpaHa, gemma, o6pocLuax Bonocamx, 20 neT OT pogy".42

B cTeHax neTep6yprocoro Ilaccama ,likocToeBciudi, BcerTka c 60.TIMIIHM

Bimmamlem cnegmBundi 3a BC51KFIMH HOBIlIeCTB3M14, HomeupeT CO6bITH51, OHH-

cbmaemme B rpoTecKHom paccica3e "KpOKORHJI. He06bIKHOBeHHOe CO6bITHe,

ReBRHa 10nusi IlacTpaHa H 3ametiaTenbHbffi )KeHmx ee. JIy6oK. 1862 r.

41 CM. IfieneneBa A. FlpucTpacnbil BeKa ReBsurriaiNaToro. `91<mBasi crapkwa" 1995.

.N121, c. 51-52.

42 Teananurbig Kypbep // IleTep6yprciGul JIIICTOK. 1876. 8 cheBpansi.

282

Atimoriefina ò' Ameduill

14.1114 Ilacca)K B IlaCCa)Ke", KOTOpbdi 6Bin ony6nificoBaH BO BTOpOM Homepe "3noxH" 1865-ro rona c penaKHHoHrtmm npenHenoBHem (V, 344). 43 MHoronn-CneHHble noTaeHHhie HHTH ofteninunoT 3TOT paccKa3 C npyrilmvi npoH3Bene-HPIBMH ROCTOeBCKOTO Tex neT: "CKBepHmil aHeKnoT", "3armcKH 143 11011110J11,51",

"3HmHHe 3ameTKH O JICTHHX BnenaTneHHBx", H oco6eHHo e ero nonemvine-CKHMH CTaTbHM14. 44 B "AlleBHHKe nHcaTeni" 3a 1873-il rog ("Hewro nircHoe"), BCHOMI4HaH O MOTHBaI1HH, KoTopan nonTonKHyna ero Ha HaIII4CaHHH "KpOKO-

Ama", ROCTOCBCKIA onpenenneT 3TO npoH3BegeHHe KaK "6e311e11Ky, 110BeCTb

Ann cmexy" (XXI, 24) H nHcHeT:

MHe innymanocb Hanticam onsiy chatrracTwiecKylo cKa3Ky, Hpo)te nonpasKaHusi noBecTH Foratisi "Hoc". ~orna ente He npo6oHan A nucam B chavrracTitme-CKOM pone. aro 6bina risicTo surrepaTypHasi LLIHROCM, egHFICTBeHHO Ansi cmexy. Flpenc .ramtocb, ne0CTBUTCJIbH0, HeCKOJIbK0 KOMHHeCKHX nono*eriviit, KOTO-

pue MHe 3axoTenocb pansim ... Torna B fleTep6ypre B liaccasKe KaKofi-To Hemett HOKH3b1Ball 3a HeHbFH KpoKoitsina (XXI, 26).

14ecneAoBaTenli ynce oTmenanll, nonemmca ROCTOCBCK0r0 H ero caTH- pHneeKoe napompoBaHHe 6bIJI4 HanpaBneHm npoTHB coBpemeHHBix emy ne-pHonfineciutx H3J1aHH11 H nemoKpaTwiecKoil ›KypHaJIHCTHKH; OCHOBHOti mme-HMO ero campin 6B1na He HBeonoran pagificanoB Boo61ne, a HeIyMaHHOCTb

B31'1151)0B cowymmos "PyccKoro enoBa" 14 BynbrapHo-maTepHanxemnecKoil no3HIAHH ncypHana. 45

110SIBReHHe paccKa3a B nenaTH Bb13BaJ10 pnn pe3KHX nonemyriecKux OT-

KJIHKOB; KrnITHKa 06B141IHJIa ROCTOCBCK0r0 B TOM, TITO 3TO npoH3BeneHne npencTaBnyteT rpy6Biti namcpneT Ha Henamo ocyncneHHoro IielNiblnleHCKOr0.

3nech H xoiy OCTaHOBHTLCH He CTOJIbKO Ha HeonHoKpaTHo 3aTp0HyTbIX B

ficenenoBaTenhcKoil JillTepaType 111(e0110FH 1leCKHX cnopax O 110.11HTWICCKOM

TOJIKOBaHHH "KpOK01(14.11a", CKOJILKO Ha CBS1351X TeKCTa C neTep6ypreKHm Hz-KnOM FOF0J151, Ha rpoTecKHom H3J10)KeHHH IICKOTOpb1X C!)OPM roponcKA 3pe-mnHoil KynhTypm, Ha 11C110.11b30BaH1411 aBTopom HeTopHnecKnx peanHil. 143 BOCII0MHHaHHII A. (I). KOHH H3BeCTHO, TUO B Hanane 50-x P0110B B Ilacca>Ke Hatiancsi pyin nwrepaTypHmx I1TeHHil, Ha KOTOpbIX BbicTynanH BmnalouwecH nueaTenH:

43 CCbIJIKH Ha npoz3HeneHtisi (1). M. ROCTOeBCKOr0 itaboTcsi B TeKc're no aKanemm-

mecKomy "F1onHomy CO6paHHIO COMHHeHHII" B 30-11 Tomax, JlerutHrpan 1972-1990.

44 Cp. kleaywroBa J1. A. HoHecm RocToerscKoro "KpoKontut" // O'r flytuKtuta no

Benoro. flpo6neMbl noaTtiKsi pyccKoro peantiama XIX - Hagana XX HeKa. 016. 1992,

c. 194-231.

45 CM. J. Frank, Dostoevsky. The Stir of Liberation, 1860-1865. London, Rob-

son Books, 1986, pp. 361-366.

flaccam — npocmparwmeo AlegMbl Il paamegemill 283

ROCTOCBCK1111 C 3axHaTbwatoigHm HcKycurHom H myBwrHom ■-wrrawr 311 1130R61 113

"BeRHbIX nloJlei". 1111CeMCKHil Hrpaer, H6o image He.116:351 Ha3BaTI, ero OTReBbHbIX mecT 113 "TbICS1 ,111 ikyur. EsieRHonHgbul pl eine xygoukaBbnl Anyx331H ReKnaroupyer CB011 CTI1X14, H MailKOB 110CTOSIHHO HbieTynaer CO CBOHMH "110J151-

M14", npwiem 3J1ble 51361K11 WyTJ111BO coo6ukawr1', 6yirro firmi FlOSIBJ1CH4114 Ha 3C'I'pa- -Jle ny6nHKa, Ko'I'opoI Hagoeno ORHO 11 'I'O )Ke wmoTHopeHme, HeTperiaur awropa Ho3rnacamm 113 ero )Ke npow3HeReHriz: "A Tam Hong, onsub no.nz". 13c.neg 3a Tem Hawmaioitg 14 cneK'l'aKnH B 410.T1b3y TO116K0 1TO o6pa3oHaBluerocz Ilwre-pwrypHoro cpowRa: CUBSITC2 ")KeHrrrb6a" 14 "Pemflop"... 46

CB343b1BaSIC13 C HCTOpHtICCKOA gefiCTBHTCJI13110CTI3K), ROCTOCBCKHil npsimo ynomnHaeT B "KpOKOAIIJIC" ny6simmbie JIHTepaTypHoro cholina, B pam- Kax KOTOpbIX cfmnococh 14 penonxllinoHep-iiapowinK HeTp Hanpors LIHTaJI B

Haccamce CBOH IICKL(H11; HMSI HaBp0Ba 1101Iap(061JIOCb emy B KarICCTBC 3HaKa o menoseKe 611143KHX lie+MIEJLTICBCKOMy y6e>KneHHII, a HOTOM H H3RaTelle TpyRos

y3HHKa B POCCHH H B 3mnrpanrin. 47 B neirrpe paccKa3a ROCT0e13CKOPO HeTopng

CHITaCTWICCKI4X 3110KJII0 11CHHil HBaHa MaTBCHT-Ia, B KoTopoil C.114Tb1 pa3Ho- poniiine HJIaIIbI nonecTnonaium: HCT0p1411110CTI3 B rieTep6yprcKnx CO6b1TH 54X 60-X roRos, naponnilliocTb B yT0111FICCKHX BLICKa3b1Bal 114SIX HBalIa MaTI3C14 ,Ia H

cpairracmaropHnHocm, HaBC5111M12 cenepHoil CTOJIHnell, B )K14311H repoen. Kpo-Me TOPO, nb16pan cpoilom cnoero paccKa3a flacca)K, 3amKnyroe npourpariciso, oTropo)KeHHoe OT mieuniero mHpa, ROCTOCBCK1411 KaK 6bI rionnepKilnaeT cnoe-o6pa3Hylo TeaTpanmocTb TeKcTa, nenCTI1He KoToporo panyinaeTcH HmeHHo Bilyrpn pOCK01.11 110n apnrreKTyphi Hacca)Ka, B TCMHOM riomeirieHHH, pacnono->KeHHOM B6JIH3H mpamopHbix ocneineinunx mara3nHoH n 3aJIOB RJ151 nirrepaTyp-HhIX BCTperI.

Ha nepribiii >Ke IIJIaH 131,1 I 10CSITCH arrpaKiiHomi flacca)Ka, KoTophie KaK

eíbi o6pamnynoT 3TOT "cnymail caM HO ce6e Bechma He061,1KHOBCHIII3Iir (V,

187), T. e. Tparpmecxoe npnienx-meHne pacceminoro InmoniinKa nil6epaninibix B3PIISIROB, KoToporo npornaminaeT KpOKORI411, oTtiasHine ero KOKCTIIHBOil H rnyrioù cyripyrki H HeRoymemle npyra, OT HMCIIH KOTOpOPO 14 neneTcn none-cmonaHme: II HIIOBHHK 3TOT — HarmineT ROCTOCBCKHII B `91(11CBHHKe IIHCaTe.TISI"

HCCKOJIbK0 JIeT cnycTH — "cpe) Hero Kpyra, 110 143 TCX, KoTophie HMCIOT HCKO-

Topoe He3anHcnmoe COCTOSIHHC, etue mononoil, HO 321eACIIHb1f1 camonio6Hem; npe)Kne BCePO nypaK, KaK H He3a6Be1ii1hifi MaIiop KOBaJICB, noTepsinamri CB0f1

HOC. OH KOMWICCKH ynepeH 13 CBOHX BCJIHKHX ROCTOHHCT1321X; rionyo6pa3onaii, HO ctinTaeT ce6H HyTh He 3a reHHA, 110,IHTaCTC51 B cnoem nenapTameHTe 3a ie-noneKa nycTeihnero H HOCT054HHO 0614)Kell nceo6ninm K Hemy HenHumaHHem.

46 K01114 A. 1. Flurep6ypr: BOCHOMI4HaH142 urapo*H.na, c. 55-56.

47 Me3ywroBa JI. A. FloBeeTb ROCTOCBCK0r0 "KpOKOR14.11", C. 216.

284

AHMOHenna ò' AmenuR

KaK 6bI B OTMeCTKy 3a 3TO myurrpyeT H THpaHHH3HpyeT caoero 6ecxapax-TepHoro npyra, BeaHnavica Ha/( HHM CBOHM yMOM. ji(pyr HeHaBH)r114T ero, HO

nepeHocHT BCé nommy, nTo aTailHe emy Hpam4TcH ero >vena. B Haccaxce, "nca 3Ta namonica, mononeHaxaa H xoponieHaxavi, nlICTO neTep6yprcKoro TH-

Ha, rayneHaxasi KOKeTKa cpegHero Kpyra, 3acmoTpenaca Ha 110Ka3b1BaBIIIHXCS1

BMeCTe C KpOKOn14110M 06e3b51H, TeHHanbHbIn cynpyr ee KaK-TO pa3apa3HHa Aocene COHHOr0 H ne)Kaaniero KaK KOJI0)1a KpOKOWIna: TOT Bapyr pa3eBaeT 'Taci'', H npornaTamaeT ero acero nenmcom, 6e3 ocTaTKy" (XXI, 36-37). Ha ynHaneHHe arceHal, a Taxmze HeMUa-xo3HHHa xpoicoaana, repon He TOJIbKO Bbl-

)KHBaeT B HyTpe nynowiva, HO H nona3yeTcA cnynaem, nT06b1 BbICKa3aTbCfl O

CBOHX JIH6epaJlbHbIX B3F.TISInaX Ha >KH3Hb, KaK eciTH 6b1 OH Haxonanca B MO) HOM

canone. Bcnen 3a "He06bIKHOBeHHbIMH npoHcniecTramme FOFOneBCKHX "Hoca" H

"3anHcoK cymaculemnero" RocToeacKHPI onpeaensteT onHcbmaemoe npovicare- CTBfie KaK "BecbMa He06b1KHOBEHHOe". 06"benHIISICT 3TOT TeKCT C ripoHne- geHvivanv Foronsi 14 Haannviaoe ynoTpeGneHme npHaaraTenaHoro "cTpaHHani" 14

ero 11p0113BOAHLIX ("cTpaHHo", "cTpaHHoe Reno" H T. A.) — CT1411HCTHneCKHPI

npneM, 06bInHO CHMBOI1143Hpy1011.1Hil y RocToescxoro 3nemenT HecmanvaHHo- CTH, HeonpeneneHHocTH HJIH HeonpaanaHHoro ~primi." C paccxa3amx rona "KpOKORHJI" CBS13aH H ann1031451M14 Ha TO COCTORHHe UHK021-111,720, KOTOpbIM

cTpaAaioT repoH "HeTep6yprcimx paccxa3oa": U1-11CO211UMO acTpen Ha Hes- cxom, ~comuni° cymacinentnero, 'comprali cturraeT ce6sixoponem HcnaHHH, tillICO2HUMO Hoca, ripeapauvaloweroca B 3HaTH0f0 rocnoaviHa, UHKO2HUF710

AKaKHH AKaKHeBlina, He TOI1bK0 orpa6neHHoro HO H JIHILICHHOPO JIWIHOCT11.

3T0 COCT051HHe KaK 6al HassnaHo surrepaTypHmm repostm camHm HeTep6yp-TOM, IICKyCCTBeHHIAM ropoRom rpaHwra H BOAbl. HMeHHO 3TO cocylivecTac3a-HHe asyx 11130THBOTIOJIOACHLIX Hanan — mpamopa 14 (1314HCK14X 601IOT — B apxH-TexType CTOJIH1.113I He TOJIbKO coma/mei' ee OCHOBH0e onaposame, HO 14 no- poacnaeT HpH3pannain mnp o6maHoa H oTnyameHHa: yaaaHaaaca B Bonax He-Bbl xameHHme chacanm AaopHos, 11.11114J114 xynana nepicaell CO3nalOT TOT

3bI61(1411 mHp BOASI111,1X oTpaacenviti, KOTOpbIn CTOJIb CI4J1bH0 onpenenaeT Ha-cTpoeHHe acIrreneli HeTep6ypra 14 11pHBOAHT HX B COCTOSIHHe 6e3yMHblX,

o6e3A0BeHHb1X, 6e3ponHaix. Tax 14 Ann repos' "KpoKomum" Hanio3opHaz cToninva poccHncxoli Hmnepvni

3TO napcTao IMICO2FIUMO, rne CTaHOBHTCH BO3MO)KHbIM COBeT, aaHHbIPI cTap umm cocayxcHagem repos': "nycTa HBaH MaTaeHn Ha6monaeT UllICO2HUMO...

cy*neHo emy OCTaTbCS1 B Henpax xiyaoraluva" (V, 191).

48 Cp. V. N. Toporov, La poetica di Dostoevskij, in La cultura nella tradizione russa del XIX e XX secolo, a cura di D'Arco S. Avalle, Torino, Einaudi, 1980, p. 295.

17accamc — npoempancm6o hie ,tmni 11 paamegetum 285

KpoMe THnonorwiecim H nexcHnecimx coanageHmi, c npollaaegemumll Fotone 3TOT pacca CBSI3aIl, npexcge acero caoeil oco6où, npaagHwmoil aT-mocttepon HapogHmx rynaHHil Ha 6anaraHax. ClOWCT "KpoxogHna" paaaH-BaeTCSI nocne CBSITOK, Kor)a B COCCRIIIIX C Ilaccaxcem patioHax Hp0BORSITC51

6ypHble "rynnHan non ropamH" C nairromllmamH, Kapycenam11, negai-n.1mm rop-Kampf H T. A. HeTep6yprcican TpagHnHg coxpamma MH0)1(eCTBO CBIHNTe.TILCTB

06 3T1IX apeninnax, KoTopme IICORHOKpaTHO ynomHHatoTca Foronem B pac-cKaaax, nvicamax VI cTaTanx, H BHOBb OgyILICBJISHOTCSI ROCTOCBCKHM, ymann-JleHHO paaaanasumm roroneacKHe Tembi. TaK, cueHa, B KOTOpOù lIygornune C Tpygom aarnammaeT Hecnacmoro innioanHKa nepeg rnaaamm oicameHeaulen OT pKaca cynpyru, HBHO BROXHOBJIella HapORlibIMPI CIICKTaIGIHMH:

KpoKoRmn Haman c TOM, FITO, nobepHya 6e)woro 1/IBaHa MaTaewia B CBOHX

y)KacHboc qemocTsa K celie HoraMH, cnepaa npornomn camble HOFH; nomm, o'rpbwHya HCMHOFO HBaHa MameHma, c .rapaswerocz BbICK0 1111Tb n Hensma-weroca pyicamm 3a SOL", BHOBb BTSIEly.T1 ero 13 CC6S1 y)Ke BbILLIC FIOACHVIL1bI. no- Tom, onbiruye ew,e, r.noTHyn eige H eine pa3. TaKHM o6pa3om HBaH Maraewi BH)FHMO HC4C3a.T1 B rsia3ax HaWHX. HaKOHCL1, FOOTHyB OK011 11aTeJlbH0, KpoKojaisi Bo6pan B ce6si acero moero o6pa3oBaHHoro Rpyra n Ha 3T0T pa3 yoKe 6e3 ouraTKa. [...1 51 6bIno y>ke FOTOBHOCZ 3aKpH4am BHOBb, KaK Bgpyr cygb6a eu(e pa3 3axoTe.na BepaTIOMHO nogwyrwrb Ha)k HaMH: KpOKORI1J1 noHary*H.ncsi, ae-posrrHo )1a1351Cb OT orpomHocTH nporno ,teHHoro HM ripegmera, CHOBa pacKpbui

BCF0 y)KacHyto nacTb CBOIO, H H3 Hee, B BH)IC nocnefweil OTpb1>K1C11, ampyr Ha oamy

ceicylmy BbICK0 1114.Fla ronoaa Haaaa MaTBewia, C 01,1aAHHbIM abipa>KeHmem B

lame, npHgem OFIKH ero MFHOBCHHO CBa1111./111Cb C ero Hocy Ha )WHO samKa. Ka-3a110Cb, aTa oviazHHast ronoaa Rasi Toro TallbK0 H BbICK0r114.11a, 11T06 enne pa3

6pockrrb 110C.I1e)FHIA B3FOS1)1 Ha ace ripeRmerbi H MbICACHHO ripocrwrbcsi CO OCCMH

CBCTCKHMH )910B011bCTBHAMH. HO oHa He ycnena B CBOCM HaMepeHHH: KpoKojaan

BHOBb co6pancsi C clinamm, FO0THy.5 — H B1)411F oHa CHOBa Hc4e3na, B 3T0'1' pa3

y*e HaBeKH (V, 182).

flocze nepaoro KpHica EneHa PlaalloaHa cTon6eHeeT Ha mecTe, KaK PnaBHble nllna "PeBH3opa" B noCneRHeIi HCM011 CHCHC.

C Tpioxamu Hapogimix yBeCe1114TeJliMbIX ripsimbim TeKCTOM cpas-

H14BaIOTCSI TaK>Ke B031'.aaCbI HBalla Mame" H3Hyrpvi nygoBllup:

Fonoe ero 6h11 3arnyweHHbni, TOHCHbKH11 H Ra>Ke KpHKJ1HBbli1, KaK 6)91TO Bb1-

X0JFHBWHil I13 3HaFIFITC.11bH0F0 OT HaC oThanemia. floxo>Ke 6but0 Ha 'I'o, Korga

KaKol1-nH6o wyTHHK, yX0RA B Apyryio KomHaTy H 3aKpbn3 pur 06b1KHOBCHHOI1

cnanhHoll nogymoil, HarnmaeT Kpligam, >Kenaz npencTaawrb ocTaaweilca B

gpyroti KOMHaTe ny6nHKe, KaK nepercrmalo'rcz Raa my>KHKa B nyerbwe HOH 6y-

gr) pameneHbi memy c06o10 rny6oKilm oaparom, — Tro A 0MC.T1 yRoso.nbc'reme

COblWaTb ojaianibi y MOHX 3HaKOMbIX Ha CBSITKaX (V, 185).

286 Atimenenna Ahle.1111f1

IlyCTb 14 B ripeuenax rpoTecKHoro TeKeTa, Bile111He He3aKOHtIeHHb111 pac-CKa3 "KpOKOIIHJ1" HposiunaeT mHoronacneHHbie MOTHBIA, xapaKTeplibie AMI 6011b1IIHX ripoaneaeHHA ROCTOeBCKOTO: 1. HHTepeC K npecce 14 ra3eTH011 xpo-HaKe, T. e. K TO11 HeaccaKaemoil JiwrepaType npaKTH(IecKA }KH3HH, KoTophim oTme(ieHo nce ero ruopnecTuo; 2. Bb16op flaccaaca — nopora mcKay uomom 14

— HaBOTIHT Ha MbICJIb O BO3M0)KHOCTII 3K3HCTelIgHalIbHOH HHTepnpe- TanHH C06bITIA paccKa3a H *H3HH repon, Haxoanneroca Ha nopore CBOer0

o6vnecTueHHoro HyTH, Hewmonmoro cui:~ nonoaceHHem 14 a(enaiouvero CTaTb HOBbIM typbe; 3. xuTpoymHaa arpa CBeTOTeHH, CT011b xapaKTepHasi anst pomaHou ROCTOeBCK0f0, KOTOpbIe BSIiI. HBaHOB He cnynailHo onpeAenvin KaK "pomaHm-Tpareama", HCII0J1b3yeTCS1 14 B "KpOK0a14j1e" KaK nouecTuorsa-Tenbabai npfiem npa 011HCaHHH Haccaaca, 11pOTHBOHOCTaBB SUI OCJICIIHTelIbHbIfi

crteT 3anou nonyTbme, napameti B Ka6HlleTe Hemna, a marKoe (Teso nyao-Bamp — vaveumemy HpocTpaHcTuy ropoua.

C apxviTeKTypHoti Tpailllulleil Haccaawa, 14 C yTonaea Boo6nve, paccKa3 RocToeucKoro CB 313bIBaeT yllOMHHaHae Illapna (Dypbe, "BO3BbIIIICHHOr0 Meg-

TaTena", KaK ero Ha3bman CTewkanb, mbicnviTena-yTornicTa H meana HuaHa MaTueana, a Taloice ero >KHHH1111101.0 HpoeKTa — cTeKnalmoro cDanaHcTepa, npeauocxaTinnuero ewe oaHy apxviTeKTypHylo yTonvno — "la ville radieuse" Me Kop6io3be. Ho Huee (Dypbe, cpanaHcTep aonaceii UHT o6ecrienviTb yao6cTua ropoacKoro *vuanna Ha none npapoavd. 3TO KaK 6bI F0p0a, COCTOSILLIHil 143 He- ripephumbix nacca>Ken, Hacemb KoTopme, oaHaKo, cy*aelio 6bino He nopoit-IIOIi a 06HOBJ1CHHOMy iienoaemecTuy, Houomy Mnpy Jho6uH. 49

CHMBOJIHCTCK0e TonKoBaHae apmaponuoù KynbTypbi

B Hanane 1900-x roaou Haccaac 6bin nepecTpoeu apX14TeKTOpOM C. C. Ko-3110Bb1M; FIO CBeileimam HyTertouHTenea Tex neT B Hem nomenvanHcb: "HapH)K-cKati Kacpe", mara3vni IlaHapaHa (1110K011aA 14 KOH(PeTbI), "Tonapauwcuiso ubiculeft napctnomepaa A. Panne H K°" H apyrae TOKOBble 3aueueHvia. 5() Ha-nano XX CT0.71eT1451 ~ano 3pviTenvabia 3an Ilaccaa(a c ycnexama pyccKoro TeaTpa: TaM, CO cTopolibi 14TaJ11,51HCKO13 y11 141IbI, 15 ceHTaCipa 1904-ro roua 060CHOBbIBaeTCSI HouaTopcKvia RpamaTanecKna TeaTp B. 4). Kommviccameu-CKA, ~al 143 HaH6onne BO3nIO6neHHbIX pyccimx aKTpvic. 0Ha 3anommlnacb memyapvicTam Toro upemeHa KaK >KeHL1414Ha peaKon KpacoTbn oco6eitHo nopa-)Kan COBpeMeHHITKOB Ce B3U1SHI, ee "6e3ROHlIble rony6bie rna3a", nouo6Hbie

49 Cp. I. Calvino, Introduzione, in Charles Fourier, Teoria dei quattro movimenti.

Il nuovo mondo amoroso, Torino, Einaudi, 1972, pp. VII-XXX. 50 C.-Fle'rep6ypr. Ilyreno;nrrenb no c'rontme. C116. 1903, c. 110.

Hell3BCCTHblil xyRox<Hmc. FInaKaT o Beriepe 13 KOHgepTHOM sane ilaccaxca, 1901 r.

288

AHmortenna Amenilfl

rnasam 6110KOBCKOfi He3HaKOMKH, 141111 orpomsbim umpoico pacicpbmpm sara-nOMPILIM )KeHCKIIM Fna3am Ha nopTpeTax 511311eHCKOFO: "BC51 B rnasax: nHa C14-

He-cepo-3eneHmx, orpomHetimax masa 113 TeMlIbIX Op6HT 3J1eKTpH30BaJIH MC-

1151" — musei' o Hell Awipek Bembal. 5 1 ApamaTanecxHil TeaTp, sanymasabia axTpHcoil KaK TeaTp liexosa, npo-

cyupecTsosan acero pisa cesoHa B sane Haccamca, 14 ocHosbisan csoil ycnex ripexcipe acero Ha seHeposiTsom o6a1mall camoa Kommaccapaeuxog, B11-

nemnefi Hnean TeaTpanbHoro acxyccTsa B apeogonema nnocxoro peamasma, B

CTpeMneHHH K BbICl le13 xpacoTe, xoTopam 6b1 oTxpbmana HOBEde nyTH K "TO-

Horpadm4 nyxa". 52 Opwaxo TeaTp B Haccaxce (KaK ero HasbmanH cospemes-HHKH), gep)KaBIIIIACM Ha onaposaHHH 11.TIeHHTelIbH011 arphi axTpacbi, se gan Hvinero HOBOI'O B rimase pe*Hccypm. Bepe KommaccapAcescxoPi He ynamocb OTKpbITI, ero 110CTaHOBKOil mpopmegempm 1-lexoBa, a 6bino pepueHo npen-cTaspyrb nbecy H6cesa "Kyxonbabui nom". Ee Hcsormealle rnasHoPI pOna HMe-

J10 111HpoKHA ycnex: Hopa KommaccapxceHcxoil sonnowana coóoli 6yHT npo-THB ycrroeH mewaHcTsa 14 rHeTyiwpx >aeHniipHy yCJI0BHOCTefi mipaemepaoro 6ypmcya3soro o6uiecTHa.

3a piHa roga pa6oTbi H flacca*e KommHccapxcescicam onapanacb Ha xnac-cHneciale npoasseneHHH pyccpcoa npamaTyprax ("Becripanallsmia" OcTpoil-CKOPO) H Ha Tex gpamaTypros, B TsopnecTse KOTOpbIX mamma >KHBOe 611e-mie coHpemeasocm. Ha cilene ee TeaTpa CTaBHJ1H nbecbi Fopbxoro ("Ran-HaKH", "geTH compila") 14 "3HaHbeBI1eB" ("AK13Hb ABAOTb14" C. A. HatineHoHa 14 "HBaH M11p0HbIII" E. H. glliniKoBa).

B icamqoPi CBOefi pompi KommaccamKescxam Hbipaxcana IIPH3bIB K nyxos-Homy H spaHcsseHHomy Hpeo6pamcemso menosexa. Bce curpaHame eli repon-H14 CTaHOBHIIHCb cHoero pona "ndaxamH", y6HHaembims menosemecxoll nonno-CTbK) 14 CKy)1HOCTMO )1043H14: B HCHOJIHe111114 KommHccamepicxoù 14 Hopa H3

"Kylconbsoro noma", 14 C01151 113 "Anna Bamp", 14 Flemma 113 "CTp0IITCJIA COnb-

Heca", 11 HHHa 113 " 1-1311KH" CTaH013141114Cb 1111111b TOHanbHbIMH sapaaavistma onHoil 11 TOI1 ›Ke reposHa, xoTopylo oHa Hagensina CBOACTBeHHbIMH eia camoil J114p143MOM 14 6e3yreamocTbio. Bbipaxcam nepes 1111X CO6CTBeHHbIe 14CKaH1451 14

COMHeH1154, Kommviccappxescican BO3Bb1111anaCb B cBOeli arpe RO ronosoxpymm-TenbHbIX BbICOT. AJIK Hee TeaTp 6bm mymeHHem 14 acxesolt HrpaTb o6o3Ha-mano HeripepbmHoe cTpanawle, ropeHHe, H3HWITO)KeHHe camoù ce651 B nepco-Hamce; B Heti Haxogana csoe HhipapiceHHe cabla anoxa ripegnHepan semplici« KaTaxnasmoH, c ee Hpespempem KO Hcemy maTepaambsomy n cnemmeHmem

51 AFutpell Bellb111. Menty Ruyx penomould. Mocxua. Xytto)Ke•rBeimaz rivrrepa-

Typa. 1990, c. 345..

52 Cp. A. M. Ripellino, Il trucco e l'anima. Torino, Einaudi, 1964, p. 105.

Ilaccam — npoempaucmHo AlegMbl II paMilegellIIR 289

6biTHK. 53 B rpe3ax 14 B TymaHHoll TCOJIOITIH CHMBOJIHCTOB Kom-mviccap)KeBcKasi nonyBcTBoBana o6u1vie nepTbi C CO6CTBCHHOPI )1(a)KROPI npe-o6pa3KeHHB H HpOTHBOCTOSIHHH 11pH3CMJIellH011 rpy6ocTH. Y3IIaB O npoeKTax CHMBOJIHCTOB OCHOBaTb MI4CTVIneCKHP1 TeaTp "(13aKenbi" noji pyKOBOViCTBOM Mefiepxonma, OHa 3aHHTepecoBanacb ero 3KcnepHmeHTamll H npvirmacHna ero pa6OTaTb pewiccepom-nocTaHoinviHKom B RpamaTwiecKllfi TeaTp, C TM uTo-6b1 IIMeHHO B CC TeaTpe Meilepxonbvi HOCTaBH11 HepaTwiecKne ClIeKTaKJ114

CBOHX Tipy3eil-cHmBonvicToB.

C oceHH 1906 r. BceBollop( Mellepxonbvi Hanan pa6oTy B gpamaTvinecKom TeaTpe B. (D. KommllccamescKoil, y)Ke B HOBOM 3)LIaHHH Ha 0(1)1414epCK011, B

cTporom, vieperismom ameiTeaTpe 6e3 yKpanieHHH, B 3ane FOJIOM KaK "nioTe-pancKavi Knpica" (HO CJI0BaM O. MaHvienbuiTama), rRe nvicToTa 6C11b1X KOJIOHH

pe3KO npoTHBocToBsia LIBeTOBOMy H3O6HJIHIO 3aHaBeca, Bb1HOJIHeHHOPO no pH-cyincy BaKcTa.

fleplloB coTpyllmlliecTria C Meilepxonbivom H HOCTaHOBKH "Banaramma" SIBJ151eTCSI, Ha moti B3FJISIJEI, CHMBOIIVICTCK0à peniiTepnpeTanllell 6anaralliibix npeRcTaBlieinvik H BaKaTom nonysitipHocTll HaponHoro TeaTpa, HCOTRe1114M0F0

OT TeaTpanbHoti )KH3HH flacca*a. PyKOBOACTBynCb xygo)KecTrieHllbim HH-

CTHHKTOM, KommviccapKescKavi TaK onpevienvilla nporpammy cnonx nocTa-HOBOK:

SI *e ncen nybuoil clpemsnocb nanpaawrb cnoil Team no HOBbIM, enne TallbK0 Ha-

Me laembim nyrsim, Kuropme erano BCC nnacTnee aanoenbinarb celie nepnencTno xyRo*ecTnennoit nwreparype, B [10331414, npamaTypran, *HBOHHCH, cKyabnType, myabwe... Tenepb peanbnoe nocriporianenenne 6br1'a xyno*nnKamn ecex ponon c.ra.rba y*e RASI MHOFHX nenwrepectiblm, HeHy)KHbIM. RocTa'romno HCHORb-

30BaH... LICJI0BerleCKaSI Mblcnb , 4C.TIOBCqCCKaSI Rywa crpemsrrca Tenepb B ncKyc- urne KRIOU K 1103HaHHFO "nennoro", K paaranKe rny6oKnx mnponbix Tann, K pacKpbrrkno RyX0BH0F0 mnpa.54

C "BallarannviKa" B pyccKom TeaTpe HanvinaeTcH HoBan 3Hoxa. B nbece EJI0Ka oTpa)KavoTcsi cTvineBbie )1(41B011HCHble VI My3bIKanblIble BOMBA Banana

BeKa, yilnenevme 3CTeTHKOVI MORepHa H nepeBepHyToe nponTeHvie Hapommax TeaTpanbHblx pa3ll.neneHvill H nnouvallHoti Ky.ribTypbi. Cucila HanollivBeTcst navigami,' 14 macKamit — Temvi )Ke tHrypamH, TITO rocrioAcTByioT B KapTHHax CoMoBa, Cyviefmnia H CanynoBa, 6yllynvero ocpopmviTellg "BanaraillinKa"

53 Tam *e, c. 104-105. Cp. Pb16aKoaa 10. R. B. Komnccap*encKaa. Ilerninrpan 1970, c. 91-130; 1lerponcKa2 1/1. - Commna B. TeaTpanbnbni fle'repOypr rianno XVIII — oler5i6pb 1917 rana. 06c3penne-nyrenonwrenb. C116. P1/11/111. 1994, c. 279-289.

54 B. (1). Kommmccap*encicaz B CBOCM Teane H nyrsix, "06o3penne Texrpon", 9

chenpang 1907 r.

290

Ai imoHCAAU AmentIR

MaCKH CHMBOJIH3Hpy1OT CTOJIb xapaxTepHoe ARSI Hceil xylibTypm Hanana nega nyBCTBO 1137CTOTIA H RyIlIeBH0F0 paccTpoilcima. Ho 3amenaHmo HccnenoHaTe-na, B Te ronbt "TeaTp HpHo6peTaeT CBACTBeHHb111 npon3HeneHHam FOCkMaHa

OTTeHOK pa3nHoeHHa RetICTBHTeJIbHOCTH. Ha ci eHy HpbmaeTca meTachn3H-necxaa KnoyHaAa H coapytuaTenbillati 6ypneca". 55

Ilepe3 HcTopHio KOJI0M6HHbI, 110XHIIICHHOt3 y Ha14BHOIX) Hbepo 3BeHSILI1HM

6y6eHaama ApneaHHom "flOR IIRSICKy M0p03HbIX HF011", BJIOK HbicmemmeT ca-M0r0 ce6a 14 CBOHX npy3efi MHCTIIKOB, npennaram HOBy10, Tpesommyto HHTep-HpeTaamo HcTopwiecxo'fi RetiCTBHTeBbHOCTH 14 caeHvinecaux cpaHTa3Hil Hapon-Horo TeaTpa: Konom6HHa pacnnacTbmaeTca Ha cHery, o6HapyacHHan CBOIO

HCTHHHy10 npupop "KapTOHHA Honpyri4"; ARTIeKHH OT paTtOCTI4 HbutpbuImaeT 143 OKHa Happay, HO npvipona oxa3bmaeTca 6yTaC10pCKOPI, 11.11111030pH011, TaK

CITO OH ReTHT KyBbIpKOM B 1-111KyRa; naan, nopaaceinuag nepessllaanm menem, HcTeaaeT "KJI1OKBeHHIAM COKOM"; BO 'Tema 6ana "BHe3a11H0 Bce neaopaHHH B3BHBa1OTCSI 14 yneTaloT Hsepx". 56 B csoeti nbece BROK He TOJIbK0 rpoTecaHo HpencTaHnsteT HapHinnylo Ha co6paHHax CHMBOJIHCTOB aTmocckepy mvicTvine-cxoro maanaHHA, HO a ripeo6paacaeT 6e33a6oTHEdil nyx xpemeHcanx 14 macne-HHHHbIX HrpHut, Korga nep3xxe caomopoxm 6.ripaganH 110 PyCH KaK no apeHe orpomHoro ampia, imicmeHHaa TOMeCTBeHHOCTb cepbe3Hoil )1(143H14. FepoH HTaJIMIHCK011 Komenval macoa, npenHocxHTanume n 1060BHb1iI Tpeyronbtatx 110-

CTaBJICHHOF0 HeCKOJIbK0 BeT caycTa "HeTpyancH" BeHya 14 CTpaBHHCKOFO,

npencTaloT y BnoKa Heonyuleaneimbimn xyanamli, B ayxe MORMAX Torna pe-mmilicaematil 143 Hemeaaoro POMaHTH3Ma.

B "BanaraHnHxe" ReikTBHTeJ1bHOCTb naponHpyeTca 14 HancuauteTca Tpe-B0>KHIDIMH HpeR3HameHoHaHaamH O 6ynyatkix aaTacTpoctlax. B "He pycexom — cTonlinHom — rpane" Pyccxoti HmIlepHH pOSITC51 cTyneHTbi, ochHaepa, tIHHOB

TymaHHHe TeHH... Tema "HeBCK0F0 HpocneaTa" Forarla — npeo6paace-HHe 060)KeCTBJICHHOil >KeHW14HbI B 11aRIIIy10 — riepexonHT y BROKa B 6e3yTeut- Hyto auTo6HorpackHnecaylo nHpHicy, a 6ecnenHaa HecenocTb Haponmax Tea-TpanbHbIX HpencTaunieHH'ii yeTyriaeT mecTo nyBcTHy onycToaleHHa 14 oTnas-I-Hua: n0 ynHaam 6noaoucaoro HeTep6ypra He 6nyamaloT 6onbale menTaTenH 14 clinaHCpbi, He 11p0HOCSITCH rypb6où caomopoxH, a JIH111b npH3painible cany3- TbI 6nenHbix HecnacTtanx He3HaKOMOK, npvipammaembix 6.nyTumaam.

55 A. M. Ripellino, Il trucco e l'anima, p. 126.

56 A.M. Ripellino, 11 teatro del giovane Blok, in A. Blok, Drammi lirici, Torino, Einaudi, 1977, p.V11.