CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

According to Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary,

archery is the art or sport of shooting arrows with a

bow. Barret in his book Archery said that archery is

considered as an art because it was originally an archery

is an activity that puts the skill in aiming his arrows

by using the "feeling". (1997:23).

Archery considered as sport for the first time in

1676 based on the idea of King Charles III. After

archery declared as a sport, a lot of sport expert

developed the technique and the equipment of this sport.

So, archery not only relies on the feeling of the archer

but also using techniques which are scientifically

studied.

Based on “The Essential of Archery”, Archery can be

said as a simple sport based on its technique but if the

consideration is based on its equipments, archery is

quite complicated (1942: 15). In modern archery there

are so many equipment that archer need for this sport.

But, basically the main equipment of archery are bow and

arrows. The others equipments in archery are just for

the archers - self guard, such as arm guard and chest

guard.

Bow considered as the main equipment in archery

because the main developments in archery technology is on

the bow. As Barret says in his book Archery, “While there is

great variety in the construction details of bows (both historic and modern)

all bows consist of a string attached to elastic limbs that store mechanical

energy imparted by the user drawing the string” (1997:34). In modern

archery there are four types of bow, those are: long bow,

cross bow, recurve bow, and compound bow. Because there

are several types of bow, archers need to understand and

choose what types of bow that appropriate for them.

Based on the explanation above, in this paper the

writer will discuss about the specification of the bow

and the kinds of the bow that often use by archers,

especially archers in Semarang.

II. RESEARCH PROBLEM

Based on the background of the study above, the

research problem for this paper are:

1. How many kinds of the bow that often use by

archer in Semarang?

2. What is the reason of the archers choose their

bow?

III. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of the study are :

1. To know the kinds of the modern bow that often use

by archer in Semarang

2. To know the reason of the archers about the bow that

they use

IV. RESEARCH METHODS

Research method used by the writer in this paper are

library research by read several books and articles about

archery and direct observation by giving questioner to

several archers in Semarang

V. SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In this paper, the writer will discuss about the bow

that use by archers in Semarang. The writer is using the

book “Archery” from Jean A. Barret as a main guiding

book to write this paper.

CHAPTER II

LITERARY REVIEW

I. THE KINDS OF BOW

In modern archery, there are four types of bow that

still used by people in the world. Those bows are recurve

bow, compound bow, long bow, and cross bow. Here are the

characteristics of the bow according to Jeremy Hoefs.

a.Recurve bow

Recurve bows are the most popular type of bow

because it can be used by archers at any level.

Recurves are characterized by the curved tips that

curve away from the archer and the string touching the

limbs. This construction and design allows the bow to

store more energy that transferred to the arrow during

the shot, resulting in faster arrow movement than a

longbow. Common materials used to make a recurve bow

include wood, laminated carbon or fiberglass.

Traditional archers usually choose wood, while

competition archers generally choose lightweight

materials, such as the fiberglass.

Basic Structure of Recurve Bow

Explanation of the structure:

Riser : a place to put limbs and other

accessories.

Grip : a place to hold the bow.

Arrow rest : a place to put arrow, can be made of

feathers or plastic.

Sight window : a visual aid for aiming.

Limb : bow spring energy store. In more modern

recurve bow, limb can easily be assembled

to be exchanged.

String groove : a place to tie the bowstring

String : he part that serves to transfer energy

from the hands of the archer to limb, or

from limb to arrows. Made of synthetic

materials such as Kevlar.

Nock point : place where the arrow is put, usually

characterized by winding the yarn on top

of the serving

b.Compound bow

Compound bow was developed in the 1960s by Holless

Wilbur Allen in Missouri to improve the function of

the recurve bow. Using system of cables and pulleys,

cams, wheels and limbs, compound bows can be held at

full draw much easier than longbows or recurve bows.

Hunters are attracted to compound bows for its ability

to hold at full draw for an extended time period along

with the ability to shoot an accurate and fast arrow.

Basic Structure of Compound Bow

Explanation of compound bow structure:

Riser : a place to put limbs and other

accessories.

Grip : a place to hold the bow.

Arrow rest : a place to put arrow, can be made of

feathers or plastic.

Bow Sight/ visir : a visual aid for aiming.

Wheel and cable : the main system of compound bow ,

the function is like a string that will be

pull by archer when they will shot an

object.

c. Long bow

Long bow, characterized by its D-shaped construction,

was originally use during war in the middle age. It is

typically made with simple construction from one piece

of wood and stands about the same height as the

archer. Longbows shoot arrows without the assistance

of sights or an arrow rest. The archer aims the tip of

the arrow at the intended target while at full draw. A

longbow has a built-in shelf that takes the place of

an arrow rest. Longbows are difficult to shoot and may

take years to master with the simple construction and

absence of a sight or rest. The structure is just like

recurve bow without window sight and arrow rest.

String silencer in this bow, has function to dampen

the after-the-shot string vibrations and quiet the

string down fast.

Basic Structure of Longbow

d. Cross bow

Crossbows are types of archery bows that mechanically

hold the bolt at full draw. To shoot a crossbow, you

mechanically draw the bow and then lock it at full

draw before pulling the trigger to shoot the bolt.

People with disabilities or reduced strength may use a

crossbow for its ability to shoot the projectile

without holding the weight of the bow string at full

draw.

II. ARCHERY IN INDONESIA

No one can be sure how long humans in Indonesia

using bows and arrows in his life. However, archery was

officially regarded as a sport began in the first PON in

1948. Later in July 12, 1953 in Yogyakarta, on the

initiative of Sri Paku Alam VIII, formed an archery

federation of Indonesia, which is known as Perpani

(Persatuan Panahan Indonesia). Then Indonesia joined the

International Archery Federation or FITA (Federation

International de Tir AL'arc) in 1959, In Oslo Congress

that was held in Norway.

Archery in Indonesia has three kinds of rounds that

often competed in a championship. Each roundThose are the

traditional round, Perpani round, and FITA round.

Indonesian traditional archery has characteristics: using

longbow, shot in the style of sitting, and instinctively.

In this round, there are three stages of the game which

are distinguished by shooting distances. The archer must

shoot the target with a distance of 30 meters, a distance

of 40 meters, and a distance of 50 meters.

Traditional Archery of Indonesia

Perpani round have characteristics, using recurve

bow that is made from fiberglass and wood, in the style

of standing, aiming arrow to the target by using a tool

called visir that is held on sight window. As well as

traditional round, in perpani round, archer also have to

shot target in three distance; 30 meters, 40 meters, and

50 meters.

Perpani round

And the last round is FITA round. The

characteristics of FITA round are using recurve bow and

compound bow. The recurve bow used in this round is

different with the recurve bow that used in perpani

round. The recurve bow in this round made from

combination of wood and laminated carbon. In this round

both recurve and compound bow is using visir for aiming

to the target. The distance for this round are 90 meters,

70 meters, 50 meters and 30 meters.

FITA Recurve Round FITA Compound round

CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

I. ARCHERY IN SEMARANG

Archery now become a popular sport and has spread in

many regions of Indonesia. Semarang is a city that has

archery club. Although the development of archery, in

Semarang is slow, but archery Semarang been able to

achieve outstanding achievements in the regional and

national levels.

Currently, Semarang has 15 archers that active joint

in Archery competition. From those 15 archers divide

into two group that are woman and man. From the data

which is gotten by the writer, there are seven woman

archers and eight man archers. Those fifteen archers

is using the different type of bow. In addition, there

is also an archer who using bow more than one types.

From the research held by the writer, the writer

only get twelve data of the fifteen data of archers.

The writer cannot retrieve data from three archers

because are following the national selection in

Jakarta for international event “Ohio Junior

championship”.

From twelve data that the writer get, one archer use

two bows those are recurve bow and compound bow. Then

from eleven archers, eight archers use recurve bow,

two archers use long bow and one archer use compound

bow. And no one that use cross bow because cross bow

is not popular in Indonesia. Each archer has their own

reason why they use different type of bow.

From the data that the writer get for this paper,

can be conclude that the kinds of bow that often use

by the archer in Semarang is the recurve bow. It is

because recurve bow are the technique of using this

bow is quite simple than others bow, so the recurve

bow is appropriate bow for beginner and also the

expert. The availability of the accessories and spare

part of this bow makes it easy for the archer to fix

their bow if their bow is damage. In addition, recurve

bow become the most popular round in every competition

that is held in Indonesia. those are the reason why

the most archers chose recurve bow.

The second kinds of bow that use by the archer in

Semarang is long bow. There are two archers in

Semarang who use this kind of bow. The main reason of

the archers who choose long bow is feeling accuracy.

They think that archery is the kind of sport that rely

on the feeling. Another reason why they chose this bow

is longbow does not need accessories like others bow,

the structure is very simple though to learn the

technique of using this bow is difficult.

And the last kinds of bow, that use by the archer in

Semarang is compound bow. The archers who use this

kind of bow is the archer that like the easy way to

shot, because the accuracy technology of this bow is

the best one. Because, actually, technology of this

bow is using for hunting not for competition like in

Indonesia.

Than the last type of bow is Cross bow. Cross bow is

less popular in Semarang. No one archer in Semarang

that use this kind of bow.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

Based on the explanation in the previous chapter, it

can be conclude that basically, there are four kinds of

bow in the world, but only three kinds of bow that is

popular in Indonesia, those are recurve bow, compound

bow, and long bow. Based on the writer research in

Semarang, recurve bow is the bow that often use by the

archer in Semarang. Most of the archers use this bow

because this bow is simple in technique, the spare part

and accessories for this bow is easy to get, and

competition for recurve round is always held in

Indonesia.

REFERENCE

Barret, Jean A. 1980. Archery, 3rd edition. Illinois :

Scott Foresman.

Ford, Horace and W. Butt. 1887. The Theory and Practice of

Archery. London : Spottiswoode and co.

Hornby, A.S. 2010. Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary. 8th

Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hoefs Jeremy. 2010. Four Types of Archery Bow.

<http://www.livestrong.com/article/116274-four-types-

archery-bows/>. Accessed on November 5, 2013.

Prasetyo, Yuddik. 2011. Olahraga Panahan di Indonesia.

Yogyakarta : UNY Press

Stemmler, L. E. 1942. The Essential of Archery . New York:

Manorville L.I

Source of the pictures:

http://www.hunter-ed.com/michigan/studyGuide/Common-Bow-

Types-Recurve-Bow/201023_700042848

http://www.suaramerdeka.com/v1/index.php/read/sport/

2012/01/31/14449

http://www.muhammadiyah.or.id/news-113-detail-

muhammadiyah-gelar-lomba-panahan-tradisional-gaya-

mataraman.html

ATTACHMENT

1. Outline

2. Questioner